EPA -660/2-74-024
April 1974
Environmental Protection Technology Series
ivestock and the Environment
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, have
been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further
development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping
was consciously planned to foster technology
transfer and a maximum interface in related
fields. The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY series. This series
describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment and
methodology to repair or prevent environmental
degradation from point and non-point sources of
pollution. This work provides the new or improved
technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality
standards.
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EPA-660/2-74-024
April 1974
LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT
A Bibliography with Abstracts
by
Ralph H. Ramsey, Ph.D.
Animal Wastes Technical
Information Center
School of Environmental Science
East Central State College
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Officer
R. Douglas Krels
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
P. 0. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Grant No. R801454-01
Program Element 1BB039
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
For isle by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 13.50
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention
of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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ABSTRACT
Management and research information on animal wastes has expanded rapidly
in recent years. This material has appeared in diverse sources such as
journal articles, papers published as conference proceedings, university
or government publications, magazine articles, books or book chapters, and
theses. This bibliography Can updated and revised extension of the
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT EPA-R2-72-101 which was published
by J. R. Miner, D. Bundy, and G. Christenbury at Iowa State University)
was compiled in order to speed the flow of information on findings in
one segment of the livestock industry to other segments that could benefit
from this technology.
Included in this publication are the following indexes:
(1) title, (2) author, (3) keyword, (4) animal information categories.
These indexes are followed by a section of abstracts of each reference
entry found in the bibliography. Single copies of most articles can be
obtained in hard copy or microfiche form at cost from the Animal Waste
Technical Information Center, School of Environmental Science, East
Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma 74820.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number R801454 by the
School of Environmental Science, East Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma
under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency. The work
was completed as of January 31, 1974.
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CONTENTS
Section Page
I Introduction 1
II User's Guide 3
III Bibliography 7
IV Author Index 71
V Keyword Index 79
VI Animal Information Category Index 179
VII Abstracts of Bibliography Entries 185
VIII Acknowledgements 350
IX References 351
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
The evolving regulations and alms pertaining to the abatement and control
of pollution have necessitated a timely and well-dispersed flow of perti-
nent information about the management and disposal of animal wastes. This
is necessary so that capital investments in this area can be made on the
basis of the most recent research and operational findings. Industry and
manufacturing organizations or associations, in many activities, provide
the linkage channels through which this information can flow. The wide
range in operation sizes and makeup, the nation-wide dispersion of produc-
tion units, the variations in climatic and geographical factors, and the
dictates of the local or regional markets which are encountered in the
production of animals or animal products make widespread dissemination
of animal waste management information difficult. This occurs even though
there exists an established communication network through publications
from organizations such as breed associations, farm groups, or the popular
agricultural press. Common properties and characteristics of animal wastes
enable technological transfers to occur in the production operations from
one species to another. Publicizing the existence of information on
practices or findings in one segment of the livestock production industry
can initiate new innovations or serve to spread the adoption of the new
ideas to the other segments of the industry.
The objective of this project is to aid in the. dissemination and techno-
logical transfer of information on the management and disposal of animal
wastes throughout the livestock industry. Identification and location
of pertinent information generated in the production operations of poultry,
swine, cattle, fish, and other animals of economic interest raised in
open or confined systems is accomplished through searches of technical
journals, books, theses, reports from private, state and federal agencies,
papers given at meetings of professional societies or symposiums, and
articles appearing in the trade or production-oriented "farm" magazines.
The search topics of specific interest include the physical and chemical
characteristics of animal wastes (manures and other material contaminated
by manures); the operational and cost aspects of handling, collection,
storage, transport, utilization, and disposal of animal manures; and the
economic and legal impact of these wastes on the problems of air, water,
1
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and solid waste pollution. The articles Identified in the search are
collected and reviewed to determine if the contents are relevant to the
project objectives. Those articles that are considered to be of value
for the livestock producer or research scientist engaged in animal waste
activities are abstracted and added to the collection.
An annual updated bibliography of animal waste management information
will be prepared. It will contain entries and abstracts for all Items
maintained in the collection at the Animal Waste Technical Information
Center.
It is anticipated that the information contained in this bibliography will
show most of those seeking Information where this material can be found,
since many potential users will have access to libraries through which
they may obtain the actual text of the material. However, single copies
of most publications (those for which copying approval has been obtained
from the copyright owners) may also be obtained upon request 1n hard copy
or microfiche form at a cost-only fee. Information on this service can
be obtained by writing:
Mrs. Linda Merryman, Project Librarian
Animal Waste Technical Information Center
School of Environmental Science
East Central State College
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
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SECTION II
USER'S GUIDE
The entries 1n this bibliography have been assigned a specific cross-
reference code. The code number consists of nine digits (example 100-73-
1069) arranged In the sequences of a three-digit class code, a two-digit
number representing the year of publication, and a four-digit accession
number. The first grouping Identifies the class of the document according
to the following format (1):
Code Class
100 Technical journal paper
200 Conference proceeding paper
300 University or government publication
400 Magazine article
500 Book or chapter from a book
600 Unpublished paper
700 Thesis
The next two-digit number 1s the year of publication or presentation. The
last number 1s a four-digit accession number which identifies each article
brought into the animal waste information collection.
This publication consists of 5 sections: Bibliography, Author Index,
Keyword Index, Animal Information Category Index, and Abstracts. An
explanation of each section follows:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
This section lists the Hems by classes according to the code defined above,
The articles within these classes are arranged first by year of publication
and then by accession number.
Each entry 1n the bibliography includes the cross-reference code, the
author(s), the title of the entry, a list of keywords which help Identify
the contents of the material, and the bibliographical citation. An
example of. the format is shown below.
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300 71 1257 BUTCHBAKER A F 6ARTON J E
EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT W
RNATIVES WASTE-TREATMENT-ALTERNATIV
ROL BEEF-WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SE
DMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER
AUTHOR INDEX
This index lists all the authors cited in the bibliography in alphabetical
order. To the right of each author entry is the cross-reference code of
the article or articles with which he is identified. An example of the
format is as follows:
DUFFER W R 200 70 0698
300 71 1245
DUFFY ME 100 69 0265
DUGAN G L 100 72 0746
100 73 1184
300 70 0668
KEYWORD INDEX
This index consists of an alphabetical listing of significant words in an
article or in the title of an article. To the right of the keyword are
the first 85 characters contained in the title or the title and a listing
of keywords, if the title is short. To the left of the keyword is the
nine-digit cross-reference code of the article ascribed to by the keyword.
The cross-reference code allows the user to enter the bibliography or
look up the abstract for additional information about the title. An example
of this index format is:
300 72 1157 DESIGN CANADA ANIMAL WAST
600 69 1005 DESIGN FACILITY DESIGN KE
600 71 0272 DESIGN A DOSING-SIPHON FO
100 62 0499 DESIGN-CRITERIA MANURE LAGOONS DES
100 65 0366 DESIGN-CRITERIA LIQUID HANDLING OF
100 69 0353 DESIGN-CRITERIA OXIDATION-DITCH TR
100 71 0266 DESIGN-CRITERIA CAGED LAYER PERFOR
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
To provide a quick entry into the abstract holdings of the collection,
an animal information code was developed. This code utilizes an alpha-
betical entry to signify a broad interest area and a numerical digit
to designate a more specific topic under the broad interest area. Each
abstract in the collection was classified according to this code and
could be listed under the five most relevant categories. This can pro-
vide the user an easy entry into the abstract holdings pertaining to his
information needs. It is anticipated that some potential users, after
reading some of the abstracts listed under these categories, may identify
4
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some particular keywords of importance which can be utilized to enter
the more comprehensive keyword index to Identify abstracts which may
pertain to his more specific information needs. The code utilized in
this index 1s as follows:
CATEGORIES OF-ANIMAL INFORMATION
Interest Area^
A. Environmental Effects
B. Management of Animal Production
and Confinement Operations
C. Characteristics of Animal
Wastes
D. Treatment Processes
E. Utilization and Disposal
F. General
Topic Area
1. General
2. Surface Runoff from Animal
Production Unit Operation
3. Surface Runoff from
Agricultural Watersheds
4. Groundwater
5. Odor
6. Air
7. Biocides
8. Vectors
9. Health
10. Aesthetics
1. General
2. Liquid Systems
3. Solid Systems
1. General
2. Physical
3. Chemical
4. Biological
5. Management's Impact On
1. General
2. Physical
3. Chemical
4. Biological
1. General
2. Land
3. Reuse
4. By-Product Recovery
1. Economics
2. Legalities
3. Institutional and Policy Needs
4. Overviews, Trends and Projections
5. Related Agricultural Operations
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The entries 1n this Index appear under the code number as In the following
example:
C 1
0001
0010
0023
0041
ABSTRACTS
This section contains the abstracts of the Information entries contained
1n the bibliography. The abstracts have been published 1n Selected
Water Resource Abstracts published by the Water Resources Scientific
Information Center (2-82), Each entry, therefore, Includes the title of
the Informational material, the bibliographic citation, the author or
authors, keyword Identifiers and descriptors, and the abstract. The
abstracts are arranged sequentially by an assigned accession number which
specifically Identifies the article In the collection. To the right of
the accession number are the animal Information category code numbers
assigned to the abstract entry.
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SECTION III
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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100 55 0328 HUNGATE R E FLETCHER D U OVER I A
EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACYCLtNE FEEDING ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FERMENTATION FEEDS LABORATO
RY TESTS EFFECTS CHLORTETRACYCL INE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS
JUUR OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 1* H55 PP997-1002
100 58 0580 HANSEN C M
ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES IN HANDLING LIQUID MATERIALS KEYWORDS PUKPS ENGINEERING LIQUID
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING V39 P546-51 SEPT 1958
luJ 59 0459 JEDELE C G
LIQUID MANURE FOR MIDWEST SWINE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS LIQUID MANURE MIDWEST
TRANSACTIONS OF ASAE V2 Nl PP9-10 1959
100 60 0059 HART S A
THE MANAGEMENT (IF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-KATIO COMPOSTING HOUSEFLY FERTILIZ
ER SANITATION MANAGEMENT
TRANS ASEA V 3 P 78-60 1960
ICO 60 1078 OVERBY L R FROST 0 V
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANIL1C ACIU KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-HASTES SWINE DIETS FEEOINC POULTRY A
RSANILIC-ACIU
JOURNAL UF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 14 NO 1 JAN 1960 P 140-144 2 TAB 9 REF
100 62 0292 HENDERSON J M
AGRICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOO DISEASE LAND DRAINAGE STREAM
PROCEEDINGS AMEK SUC CIVIL ENGKS SAN ENOR DIV SA6 V8b PP61-75 NOV 62
100 62 0382 GELOREICH E E BORDNEK « H HUFF C b CLARK H F KABLER P W
TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFORK bACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED ANIMUS KEYWORDS COLIFORMS E COLI FE
CAL-PULLUTION DISTRIBUTION
J WATER POLLUTION CUN FEU 34 3 1962 P 295-301
100 62 0480 JAWORSKI N A HICKEY J L S
CAGE AND KENNEL WASTEWATER KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOD TS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAGE KENNEL
JOUR WATER POLL CONTROL FED 34 I P 40-43 JAN 1962
100 62 0499 EBY H J
MANURE LAGOUNS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LACOUNS DESIGN-CKITEKIA SITE-SELECTION MAN
AGEMENT
i'ja 65 0499 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING J VOL 43 DEC 1962 P 69B-701
714-715
100 62 1220 WEBB H J
WATER PULLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUT IUN-SUURCES FARM-WASTES PEST
ICIDES FARM-LAGOONS FERTILIZERS CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBONS NITRATES INSECTICIDES DDT SEWAGE-LAGOONS WASTE-0
ISPOSAL FERTILIZATION FARM-MANAGEMENT CKOP-PROUUCTI ON LINE PHOSPHATES LIVESTOCK HOGS CONF INEMENT-f ENS FIS
H FEED-LOTS
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 54 NO 1 JAN 1962 P 83-87 2 TAB 10 REF
100 63 02B9 GATES C U
TREATMENT OF LONG-ISLAND OUCK FARM WASTES KEYWORDS CHLORINATION COLIFORMS TREATMENT DUCK
JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FED V35 12 PP1569-79 1963
100 63 0338 HART S A
DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COO CATTLE POULTRY SLUOGt-OlGESTION STABILIZATION PH AL
KALINITV CARBON NITROGEN
JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION 35 6 JUNE 196} 748-757
100 63 0436 KOON J HOWES J R GRUB W HOLLO C A
POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DUSTS fNVlftUNMEN
TAL CONTROL COMPOSITION
AG ENGINEERING VOL 44 NO U NOV 1963 PP608-609
100 63 1064 DRUMMOND R 0
TUXICITV TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS TOKICITY FARM-WAS
TES FEED-LOTS LARVAE INSECTICIDES HOUSE-FL1 ES-MUSCA-DOMEST1CA HURN-FLIES-HACMATObl A-IRRI TANS BAYER 22408
CO-RAL BUTONATE BAYER 37342 UMOPHOS BAYER 37341 RHUD IA-RP-9895 DIPTEREX V-C-13 GENERAL-CHEM ICAL-4072 BAVE
R-29493 STAUFFER-R-1504 CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBONS U-S-OEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE-ANIMAL-DISEASE-AND PARASITE
-RESEARCH
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 5* NO 3 JUNE 1963 P 344-347 2 TAB 6 RSF
100 64 0072 PRYOR h J CONNOR J K
A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SURGUUM NITROGEN METABOL IZABLE
-ENERGY RATION UTILIZATION CHICKENS FAECES
POULTRY SCIENCE 43 1964 833-834
100 64 0333 LIVSHUTZ A
AEROBIC-DIGESTIONf COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRESSURE-BLOWER C N RA
TIO MOISTURE COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURE
WORLD S POULTRY SCI JOUR 20 1964 212-219
100 64 0343 OGELSBY W C
BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-WATER SALMONELLA FEEDLOT
VET MED SMALL ANIMAL CLINICIAN 59 FEB 1964 172-174
inn &* 0349 HIBBS C M FOLTZ V D
BOV|NE-SAUMONELLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATEK ANU HUMAN- INFECTION KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SEW
AGE DIARRHEA BOVINE CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATER INFECTION
VET MEL) SMALL ANIMAL CLINICIAN 59 NOV1964 1153-1155
100 64 0371
OF SLURRIED-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS MOISTURE-CONTENT SOLIDS-PERCENT FLY-BREEDING B
ULK-DENSITY SLURRIED-MANURES
TRANS OF THE ASAE 7 1964 22-25 28
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100 64 0474
LCQ 64 1200
100 65 0066
100 65 006?
LOO 65 007S
100 65 0263
1UO 65 0331
100 65 0334
100 65 0344
100 65 0346
100 65 0366
100 65 0377
100 65 0378
100 69 0*70
100 69 0903
inn *< nn«9
luu « i»o»»
100 65 1079
100 65 1091
TAIGANIDES E f> HA2EN T t BAUMAMN E ft
PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS Of HOG HASTES
1ES PUMPING HOG WASTES
TftMS ASH6 V7 P123-124 127 m Hfc*
JOHNSON H P
KEYWORDS SCLIOS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP AUGER BOD PROPERT
GOUL06N C E
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCER1N AND MIOGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHKAITE HATER KEYWORDS M
IOGES LAKES EUTROPH1CATION POLLEN SEDIMENTS CLIMATES PRODUCTIVITY SHEEP HYPOLIMNION ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS
OAPHNIA ESTHWA1TE-WATER-ENGLAND CLADOCERA ONTOGENY CHYDORIOAE DAPHNIIDAE BOSMINIOAE SIDIOAE POLYPHEM1DAE
LEPrODCIRIDAE DEFORESTATION CHIRONOMUS SERGENT1A TANYTARSUS CEKlOOAPHNIA
VSRHANDLUNGEN DIR. INI ERNAT1UNALEN VEREINIGUNG FUR THEORETISCHE UNO ANGEMANOTE LINNOLOGIE VOL 15
1*64 P 1000-1005 2 FIG 13 REF
AL-TIMIM1 A A OHINSS W J ADAMS J L
HIE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AMD SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR MANURE DIGESTION-TA
NKS POULTRY KEYWORDS EFFECTS VOLUME ACCUMULATION SOLIDS INDOOR MANURE DIGESTION-TANKS
POULTRY SCIENCE 44 1965 112-11;
RUNOLE W T A
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPING LA6GR FI6LD-SPRE
4UING EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PROBLEM
JUUR ANU PRDC OF THE IN5T OF AG ENGRS 21 1965 134-139 j
CLARK C E
HUG-HASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOON1NG KEYWORDS ODOR BOD COO E-COL1 SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGAE SHOCK-LOADING HO
G-HASTE-DISP05AL IAGCJONING
JOUR SAN ENGR DIV ASCE 91 SA6 DEC 1965 27-41
IRGENS R L HALVURSDN H 0
REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BV MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS HASTE TREATMENT DENITRIF
ICATION SLUDGE DIGESTION BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND REMOVAL NUTRIENTS STABILIZATION
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY VOL 13 NO 3 MAY 1965 PP373-386
JOHNSON C A
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KE1HOROS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATEO-tUTER MANURE-SCRAPER
DISPOSAL DAIRY-MANURE
TRANS ASAE 8 1965 110-112
WITiEL S A MCCOY E LEHNEft R
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS FROM LAGOONS USED FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS BOD ANAEROBIC-
BACTERIA ALGAE CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS CATTLE
TRANS ASAE VOL Bi P 449-451. 1965
FORSYTH R J
THE COLLECTION OF MANURE FROM HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLATTEO-FLOORS OXIDATION-DITCH COL
LECTION MANURE HOUSED LIVESTOCK
JOUR AND CROC OF THE INSI OF AG ENGRS 21 1965 129-133
HART S A TURNER M E
LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SHINE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INFILTRATION ODORS APP
EARANCE LAGOONS
JOUR-MATER POLL CONTROL FED 37 11 NOV 1965 l!7«-li96
JOHNSON C A
LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE OOOR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYCLING COSTS SEPTIC-T
ANKS STORAGE LIQUID HANDLING
TRANS ASAEt VOL 8, P 124-126 1965
BUNTING A H
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS OKGAMC-MATTER FERTILISERS SOIL-STRUCTURE N P K M
OISTURE-CONTENT EFFECTS
MWC NUTR SOC 24 I 196i 29-38
JEFFREY E A BLACK.MAN H C RICKETTS RALPH
TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-HASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYWORDS BOO COD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION LAGOONS DIGESTION
-TANKS HOGS LABORATORY
TKANS ASAE B 1 196$ 113-UT
J°j*!!*£t*N;!ROM((s f|loM c,TTLe fgEOLOTS AND MANURE DlHYORATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LE5AI-ASPICTS DISPOSAL
NEIGHBORS CONTROLLING ODORS FEEDLOTS DEHYDRATION
AIR POLLUT CONTR ASSOC JOURNAL VOL 15. 1463 P 34-35.
^^MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POUHRY MANURE KEYHOROS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATORY-TESTS TEMPERATURE
MOISTURE MICROBIOLOGY POULTRY
J APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY, 2B 3 P 403-411. 1965
SCHEFFERLE HENRIETTA THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BtllLT UP POULTRY LITTER
JtT((OROS HICRDBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES POULTRY ODOR FUNGI AEROBIC-CONDITIONS LABORATORY-TESTS ALKALIN
ITY ENTIFUC-BACTERIS LACTOBACILLUS HYDROGEN- ION-CONCENTHAT I ON TEMPERATURE MOISTURE-CONTENT
JOURNAL APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY VOL Z« NO 3 1969 t 40J-411 » TAB T REF
BHITTACHARYA A N FONTENOT J P
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BV SHEEP KEYHOROS SHEEP NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
PROTEIN FEEDS FARM-HASTES NUTRITION CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES SAMPLES METABOLISM RECYCLING DIGESTIBILITY NITR
OCtN-RETENTION POULTRY-LITTER PEANUT-HULLS CRUDE-PROTEIN SOYBEAN-PROTEIN
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 24 1969 P 1174-11T8 4 TAB 2B REF
O LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYHORDS POULTRY FARM-HASTES T
OXICITY INSECTICIDES MASSACHUSETTS FLIES LARVAL-MORTALITY COUMAPHOS-OIUL-DftENCH-POHOER FANNIA-CANICULARIS
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 96 NO 4 AUG 1969 P 709-710 I TAB * REF
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100 65 12U MICHULS » S
NITKATES IN THE ENVIROMt.'.T KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMUSPHEnE BIOSPHERE FERT IL I JATION NITROGEN-FIXATION OEN1T
RIFICATION WASTES i\il TRUGEN-f- U ING-BACTERIA APMONIA ODOR AQUATIC-PLANTS GRCUNDWATER TOX1CITY WASTE-TREATME
MT .IITHMJEM-OEPOSITS CINCRAL I2ATION ME THEMOGLOBIN6MIA LIVESTOCK-POISONING SILAGE-GAS ODOR-PREVENTION
JuURMAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 57 NO 10 1965 P 1119-1327 2! REF
100 60 0063 ELR1CK 0 E HIGGAR J U WEBBER L It
SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RADIOACTIVE DISPOSAL B
IGLOGIC'L SOIL POLLUTANTS UKIGIN BEHAVIOR
JOUR SOIL WATtR COlSCRVAT IOM VOL 21, P 7-11, 1466
luO 66 0290
100 66 03".!
100 66 03*7
100 66 0422
100 66 0437
100 66 047)
100 66 04711
luO 66 0479
100 66 0306
100 66 1010
100 6T 0041
100 67 0076
100 67 0074
100 67 0104
100 »T 0210
100 67 0211
100 67 0»02
100 67 04411
Sl_HEHFe«LE H E
CJRVNEF04M BACTERIA POULTRY DEEP LITTER KEYWORDS CORVNEFORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER
JL)U>t OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY V29 Ml PP147-160 1966
LITTLE f J
AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN THE *EST-OF-SCUTLAND KEYWORDS EffLUE
NTS SILAGE PREVENTION RIVER-POLLUTION WEST-OF-SCDUANO
JOUR PROC INSt SEW PUR IF 1966 4S2-454
SCHELTIMGA II N J
AEROBIC-PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE KEYWORDS BOO COU COSTS .BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT OX I OAT ION-DITCH HOGS
JOUR PROC INST SEW PURIF 1966 SSS-SBB
BHATTACHARYA A N FONTENUI J f
PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL AND WCOO SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEEDS DIETS DIGESTION
METABOLISM PROTEIN ENERGY POULTRV LITTERS
JOUR OF AN SCIENCE VOL 25 19*6 PP167-171
TAIGANIOES E f HAZEN T I
PROPERTIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES tlODEGKADATION BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND DOOR
FARM WASTES
TRANS OF THE AM SOC OF AS ENGINEERS VOL 9 PP174-1T6 1964
MACDONALD F h DAVIS H R
BOD OF CAPTIVE MILD ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS ZOO TOTAL-SOL III E-OD WAJTIS
WATER AND SENAGE WORKS. VOL 111, P 64-67 fit 1966
1RGENS R L DAY |> L
LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARMWASTES WASTE DISPOSAL OXIDATION
LAGOONS LABORATORY STABILIZATION SWINE
JOUR AC ENG RESEARCH VOL U NO 1 PP1-10 1966
CHARLES 0 R PAYNE C G
THE INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA UN CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY DIETS PH BLOOD REJPIR
ATION EGCS INFLUENCE ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONIA
BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCEi VOL 7. P 177-19«i 1966
MINER J R LIPPER ft I FINA L R FUNK J W
CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOO COO FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE VARIATION
JOUR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL SB PP 15B2-91 196*
FETH J H
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUNDHATER PUBLIC-HEA
LTH FIXATION NITROGEN-CYCLE WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION FERTILIZERS PROTEINS ROCKS L
EACHING PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERE AMMONIA AEROSOLS WATER-QUALITY GEOCHEMISTRY
HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH VOL 2 NO I 1ST flUARTER 1966 P 41-JB 9 TAB 1 FIG ST REF
SALTER P J BERRY G WILLIAMS J B
THE EFFECTS OF PARMYARO MANURE ON MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL MOISTURE
FIELD-OPACITY HILTING-POINT AVAILABLE-WATER-CAPAC! TY EFFECTS MANURE
JOURNAL OP SOIL SCIENCE IS 2 1967 11B
STEWART B A VIETS F 0 JR HUTCHINSON G L KEMPER M 0
NITRATE AND OTHER HATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEOLOTS KlYWOKUS NITRATES WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES L
EACHING MATER-POLLUTANTS FEIDLOTS
ENVIRONMENTAL SCI AND TECH 1 9 SEPT 196T P 736-719
TASK GROUP 2610P
SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS NITROtlN-COMPQUNOt
DOMESTIC-HASTES DETERGENTS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FUELS RUNOFF SOURCES
JOUR AM WATER HORRS ASSOC 9« MARCH 196T 144-166
MINER J R LIPPER R I ER1CKSON L E
MODELING FEEDLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS COD DISCHARGE HYDROGRAPH1 CONCENTRATION ITIRRIO-TANK-INJICTI
ON-MODEL RAIN FEEOLOT
TRANSACTIONS ASAE 10 4 49T-901 196T
. POLLUTION ANO POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYHOROS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROBIC-LAGOON EFFLUENT
FEEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES
JOUR SAN ENGR DIV ASCE 91 SA4 AUGUST 1967 SJ-72
(J^ENT-OUALITV PROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-HASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOON-OPERATION LOADING
STABILIZATION (FPLUENT-8UALITY ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS MtOLOT-HASTES
JOUR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL F*EOIRATIOM » » "ARCH 1947 1*4-191
,NF4Nm Ji"cATTLE FEEOLOT RUNO*" KEYHOROS SALMONELLA INFANTIS FEEOLOT RUNOFF
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY IS 1 62T-B MAY 19*7
JJJfj;NJu?|U,m Nom MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYHORDS ODOR ANAEROblC-OISESTlON METHANE FERTILIZERS PRODU
POULTRV DIGEST, VOL 26, P 100-101, 1967
10
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100 67 0713 DALE A C DAY D L
ASSIUM 4EKATION AEROBIC POVERTIES OA?RYUA|ANUREATUE M4NUREKEYMORDS 0 COD CATTLE NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS PAI
100 67 1218 STEAU F M
ai^pS-iK^Ss^JEssra'-ssB
WATtR WORKS VOL 59 NO 12 DEC 1967 P 1*97-1501
1UO 67 1258 FMIt^F ^ MORRISON S M
100 6» 0011 DENOY M Y sffn M ,
T c ^ttu M J MCCARTNEY M f
THY-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS CHYSICAL-PanpFBT1Cc'ocolifuJLJU^ COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION,RESEARCH AND INDUS
POULTRY SCIENCE *5 1968 1666 I>ROPERTIES PERFORMANCE SOURCES PINE-BARK SEARCH POULTRY LITTER
100 68 OOJ6 CHALOUPKA 6 W LLOYD R w GORDV j F
»*EK S OISEASEMN*TION OISIN|:ECTION LEUCOSIS IMMUNITY CAUSATIVE AGENT OBSERVATIONS RE-USE BROILE^U TTER M
POULTRY SCIENCE *7 1968 1660
100 68 00** HOWES J R
£"S^
100 68 0077 GIBBONS J
KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATION HOUSING-SYSTEMS
WATER POLL CONTROL 67 6 1968 622-626
100 68 0087 JONES D 0 JONES . A JR „„ „ L
S"c0-BIGE5naN'?AT?LFE"ATlTrMASTe KEyW°RUS B°° C°° VS FS *«»"» LOAO,NS-RATES RE6RESS.ON-ANALYSIS AER
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 11 1966 757-761
100 66 0090 W1TZEL S A «,UE j r XH*m f L
^ANSACn0NSU^FTHESA!;SAEeRll"6Y>'S8J?e86UI56rTS "4TER-LEVEL ""OICT ION-EOUATIONS WEIRS RUNOFF SAMPLER
100 66 0106 DAY 0 L
DsoSA ELECTRK-PO-ER-
INTL JOUR FARM BLOG RES 2 DEC 3 1967 2-7
100 66 0287 THOMPSON P D
1UO 68 02¥6 600IN P BELKO J
^ORAKyHAL' ISl "SI
100 66 0306 ZABLATZKY H R PETERSON S A
,. „ SIUDGE 0tSF>°S»l- *""ONIU* ALKALINE BUILD-UP MUNICI
JOUR OF WATER POL CON FED VOL *0 NO* PP581-5B5 1968
100 68 0370 ABBOTT J L LINGLE J C
EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHOROUS IN ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS
100 68 0307 EFFECT SOIL TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORUS MANURES
100 68 0370 SOIL SCIENCE VIOS N3 PP1*5-S2 1968
100 68 0337 RILEY C T
*°° " ' * ""'^RE-CONTENT 00« L.TTER STORAGE
WAT POLLUT CONTROL 67 6 1968 627-631
100 68 0381 PONTIN R A BAXTER S H
««li,F"SifE»'f"S2!550STyaiTS KEVW°RDS 0*"""°»-'»«" «FLO«, 800 LININGS SECONOARY-D, TCH LAYOUT OP
WAT POLL CONTROL 67 6 1966 632
100 68 0**2 HAMMOND C H DAY D L HANSEN E L
11
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ICO 68 0452 GILLHAM R W KEBBEK L R
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN BARNYARD GROUNDMATER CONTAMINATION
WATER AND POLLUTION V106 N5 PP54-57 MAY 1968
100 71 0461 ROSS E MIYAHARA A V
FUMIGATION ANO REUSE OF BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-GAINS FEED-CONVERSI
ON FUMIGATION REUSE BROILER LITTER
POULTRY SCIENCE 50 NO 4 1096-1100 JULY 1971
100 58 0481 BOUWER H
RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW HOLE FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE WASTE WATER DISPOSAL INFIL
TRATION
JOUR OF SOIL AND WATfcR CONSERVATION VOL 23 1968 PP164-168
100 68 0500 LOEHR R C
ANAEROBIC LAGOONS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DES
1GN SOLIDS APPLICATION
TRANS ASAE VOL 11 1968 P 320-322C330
100 68 0502 GERRY R w
MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN DRY-MATTER CALCIUM
PHOSPHORUS BROILERS
POULTRY SCIENCE 47 1968 339-340
100 68 0730 STEWART 8 A VIETS F G JR HUTCH1NSON G L
AGRICULTURE S EFFECT ON NITRATE POLLUTION OF GKOUNOHATER KEYWORD FERTILIZER FEED-LOTS COLORADO SPRINKLER
-IRRIGATION CATTLE ALFALFA AMMONIUM
JOUR SOIL WAT CONSERVATION VOL 23 NO 1 P13-15 JAN-FEB 1968
100 68 1121 WALKER K C WADLEIGM C H
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS KUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS SEDIMENT-YIELD
NUTRIENTS EUTROPH1CAT10N INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS NITRATES PHOSPHATES CALCIUM MAGNESIUM FERTILIZERS AGRICULTURE
L-CHEMICALS FISHKILL PESTICIDES ENDRIN IRRIGATION ACID-MINE-HATER
PLANT FOOD REVIEW VUL 14 NO 1 1966 3 P
100 68 1229 LOEHR R C RUF J A
ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES LAGO
ONS DAIRY-INDUSTRY ANIMALS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO COLIFORMS EFFICIENCIES SEWAGE-TREATMENT SLUDGE WASTE
-HATER-TREATMENT DAIRY-CATTLE FIELD-STUDY MILKING-PARLDR WASTE-CHARACTERISTICS
JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 40 NO 1 JANUARY 1968 f 83-94 4 TAB S FIG 14 REF
100 69 0030 BHAGAT S K PROCTER 0 E
TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIODEGRADAT ION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION AEROBIC-TRE
ATMENT COD STOWAGE-CAPACITY EFFLUENTS TOTAL-SOLIDS TREATMENT DAIRY LAGOONING
JOUR WATER POLL CONTROL FED 41 1 785-795 MAY 1969
100 69 0035 PRATT G L HARKNESS R E BUTLER R G PARSONS J L BUCHANAN M L
TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD COD PH SEPTIC-TANK EFFLUENTS AERATI
ON SETTLING-TANK SLATTED-FLQOR TURBIDITY TREATMENT BEEF-CATTLE REUSE
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 4 1969 471-473
100 69 0037 LOEHR R C
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-OUALI TV-ACT BOD PHOSPHATES EFFLUENTS MIN
IMUM-REMOVAL-EFFICIENCIES CRITERIA TREATMENT-PROCESSES LEGISLATION
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 50 AUG 1969 468-470
100 69 0040 RUSZLER P L CARSON J R
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY MOISTURE ABSORPTIO
N SUE PHYSICAL BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION LITTER
POULTRY SCIENCE 47 1969 1712
100 69 0045 UILKINS R J
THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRASSES SHEEP D1GESTIB
IUTY-COEFFICICELLULOSE FORAGE FAECES
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE 73 1 1969 57-64
100 69 0052 GILLHAM R w WEBBER L R
NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLOW-NET NITRATE WATER-TA
BLE GROUNOWATER BARNYARD
JOURNAL WPCF 41 10 OCT 1969 1752-1762
100 69 0057
100 69 0058
100 69 0060
100 69 0061
100 69 0071
TAIGANIDES E P WHITE R K
THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AMMONIA HVDROGEN-SULF
IDE TOXICITY MENACE ANIMAL
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 3 1969 359-362
WITZ R L PRATT G L SELL J L
REUSE OF WASH WATER FOR CLEANING CAGED LAYER HOUSES KEYWORDS REC1RCULATEO-WATER STORAGE-TANKS FLUSHINC-G
UTTERS CLEANING CACED-LAYER-HOUSES
TRANS ASAEi 12 6 , P 807-812 NOVEMBER 1969
ROBB1NS J W D KRIZ G J
RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUNOWATER POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES WASTE-WATER H
YOROGEOLOGY RELATION GROUNDWATER
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 3 1969 397-403
MITZEL S A MINSHALL N E NICHOLS M S WILKE J T
SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K SOILS WEIRS SNOW R
UNOFF-SAMPLER WATERSHEDS
TRANS ASAE 12 3 1969 P338-341
GRUB M ALBIN R C WELLS D M WHEATON R Z
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECIP BOD NITROGEN PHOS
PHORUS SLOPE SURFACES RATION-COMPOSITION FEEDLOT-LAVOUT ANALYSIS
RANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 1969 490-492 495
12
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1UO 6* 0081 MORRISON J L
SOIL1
100 69 0066 LOWMAN b KNIGHT 0 W
•100 69 0095 HEKMANSON R 6 HAJEN T E JOHNSON H P
100 64 0096 MERKEL J A HAZEN T E K,NER j „
' PH CHROHA
AUOHOLS OK MysT.. R «6««C-*tlOS PH CHROHA
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 3 310-313 315 1969 "ERCAPT*NS ABSORPTION IDENTIFICATION CONFINEMENT SWINE
100 69 0103 HUTCHINSON 6 L V1ETS F G JR
100 69 0105 MINER J R H4JEN T £
^{torS! AM?^ESN6NTS °F S«'NE-^HOING ODOR KEYWORDS 00OR-THRESHOLD CHROMATOGRAPHr .SOL.TION A
TRANSACTIONS Of THE ASAE IZ 6 772 1969
100 69 0108 MILLS K C PARKER B F RQSS
"S^?^!^?^;1^™ >i?J«;'"'- »»«N DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEr-OROS SILAGE GRA,N PASTURE
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 1 196« u3
100 69 0259 LOEHR R C
fAT?SN:E05^ALPROABLEJION*L PR°BLEM *""°*DS ""-l-UTION BOO COO NUTRIENTS ANAER06.C-O.GESTION LAGOONS POPU
PROC ASCE JOUR SAN ENOR OIV 95 SAJ 1969 189
100 69 026S DUFFV M E
Mw&WT'lQl'VSr', MM0!?!*.;;1"*1 P"HOLCSY Dls"SE «*i»»«i »NTI.IOTICS O.SEASE PREVENT.ON
100 69 0310 BAMESBERGER H L ADAMS 0 F
llSlE^^ CADM.UMHVDROXIOE^SUSPENS.ON KEV-DROS ODOR CDLLEC
ENVIRONHENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY V3 PP25B-61 1969
100 69 0314 STOM6AU6H 0 P T6AGUE H S RULtER y ,
™ EFFECIS
—
100 69 0355 SCHELTINGA H M J
WATNpOLLTCONTROLN6aD1969° 403-413"L*ND *EROBIC-™E»™ENI NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OXYGENATION
100 69 0360 "MS L J JR COLMER A R BARR H T TOWCR . A
AL-POPULATION'lNOOQR'pOlJLTRY-LAGOON0" ("OULTRY-L*GaON KEYWORDS 6-COLI BOO MICROORGANISMS AERATION BACTERI
POULTRY SCIENCE 48 I 1969 54-63
100 69 0361 HARMON B S JENSEN A H BAKER D H
CRETr'aXIDATION-OITCH''^^^?''0" RES'°UE KEYIART'Cl"-ATE~M4IIER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMOTOGRAeuv urn n.e c,
POULTRY SCIENCE Se'l^mS" PARTICIJLATE-"ATTEI« POULTRY-HOUSES "«"<°S "5 CHROMOTOGRAPHY VOLUME FI
100 69 0364 SHANNON 0 M F BROWN W 0
OSSES ENERGYeN?TROCENNpOULTEY EXCRETA*6 P°ULTRY EXCRIT* KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPERATURE DRY-MATTER L
POULTRY SCIENCE 48 1969 41-43
100 69 0373 PECK J H ANDERSON J R
ST^pgumY-^ IN ™TM-O«PPI«S w NORTHERN CAL.FORNIA KEYWORDS
JOUR MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 6 2 1969.163-167
100 69 0374 PECK J H
oRm?TT"^M™uRl-oim^ IN POULTR*-<"<°PPINGS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS M
JOUR MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 6 2 MAY 31, 1969 168-171
100 69 0375 WEIDNERJ*^ CHRISTIANSON A G WEIBEL S R KOBECK G G
L-RUNOFFNFACTOR STREAM-POLLUTION™"''0'"1"01'0''' KEYWORDS WAIER-0UHITY SOIL-EROSION COLIFORMS SAMPLING RURA
JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION M 3 MARCH 1969 377-384
13
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100 64 U376
luO 69
luo 69 044^
ICO 69 0501)
100 69 0679
100 69 D690
'.CO 69 0693
100 69 0707
100 69 0714
100 69 0736
100 69 1042
100 69 1198
100 69 1231
100 TO 0012
100 TO 0013
100 TO 0014
100 TO 0017
100 TO 0018
SMYSER c F SNOEYENKUS G H
EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY-LITTER ANO ANIMAL-FEEOSTUFFS
BY-PROOUCTS EVALUATION SALMONELLA POULTRY-LITTER ANIMAL-FEEOSTUFFS
AVIAN DISEASES 1} 1 1969 134-141
KEYWORDS
RANK IN J D TAYLOR R J
A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED HITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING CATTLE SLUKRY FO PAS
TURt KEYWORDS SOIL-BORNE DISEASES WASTE WATER DISPOSAL STUDY HAZARDS SYSTEM APPLYING CATTLE-SLURRY PAST
UHE
THE VETERINARY DEC VUL 85 NOV 22 1969 PP478-581
WOOD J n
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALANU EFFLUENT
NEW ZEALAND JOUR OF DAIKY TECHNOLOGY V4 N4 PP238-242 DEC
1969
BURNETT W E
AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTEStDETERMlNATION OF MALOOORS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND ORGANOLEPTIC TECHNIO
UES KEYWORDS ODORS CHEMICALS SULFUR-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-ACIDS SKATOLE
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY VOL 3 f T44-T49 1969
STRATTON F 6
NIIRUGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITROGEN LOSSES ALKALI
NE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS
JOUR SANITARY ENGR OIV PRCC AMER SOC CIVIL ENGR SA2 P223-231 APRIL 1969
PAULSON G D
AN IMPROVED METHUO FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES ANO EXPIRATORY GASES FROM THE MATURE CHICKEN
KEYWORDS POULTRY SAMPLING SURGICAL-MODIFICATION METABOLISM-CAGE METHOD COLLECTION
POULTRY SCI 48 4 1331-1336 AUG 69
PLOTKA ED ERB R E
IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE KEYWORDS SHEEP OR
G4NIC-COMPOUNDS CHKOMATOGRAPHY ESTRONE ESTROGEN IDENTIFICATION EXCRETION URINE
JOUR ANIMAL SCI 29 6 934-939 JUN 69
SELTZER W MOUM S G GOLDHAFT T M
A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER OUORS KEYWORDS AIR POLLUTION P
OULTRY PIGS CATTLE BACTERICIDES PARAFORMALOEHYOE METHOGEN ODOR-CONTROL MANURE-ODOR METHOD TREATMENT AMMO
NIA
POULTRY SCI 48 6 1912-1918 NOV 69
SHARMA R H PACKER R A
EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES
OTH TETRATHIONATE SELENITE EVALUATION SALMONELLA FECES
JOUR APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 18 4 589-595 1969
KEYWORDS CATTLE HOGS HACCONKEY-BR .
KRAFT D J OLECHOHSKI G C
SALMONELLA IN HASTES PRODUCED AT COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 18 5 703-707 NOV 69
BERKOWITZ J FINSTEIN M S
KEYWORDS SALMONELLA-ISOLATION POULTRY
MCMANUS J A 2ALFA A A
THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN HATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES
FERTILIZERS FARM-HASTES WATER-POLLUTION-TREATMENT LEGAL-ASPECTS PAHTUCKET-RHOOE-ISLAND
JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 83 NO 4 DECEMBER 1969 P 311-321 2 TAB 2 FIG
BUSCEMI P A
CHEMICAL ANO DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOMARE KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNOWATER SESTON
SEDIMENTS ORGANIC-MATTER CURRENTS-WATER HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNOFF RAINFALL SNOMMELT SURFACE-
WATERS STREAMS HYDROGEN-ION-CONCENTRATION IRON MAGNESIUM NITRATES PHOSPHATED ALGEA CETRITUS PULP-WASTES
LIVESTOCK IDAHO TREE-BARK CHARCOAL ALGAL-GROWTH STREAM-CONCOURSE PALCUSE-KIVER-IOAHO
OIKOS VOL 20 NO 1 1969 P 119-127 3 TAB 3 FIG 30 REF
FOEHREN6ACH J
POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLANDi NEW YORK KEVHORDS EUTROPHICATION
BAYS FARM-HASTES POULTRY WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS 01SSOLVED-OXYGEN OXYGEN-DEMAND S
TREAMFLOH SPORT-FISHING COMMERCIAL-FISHING RECREATION ECOLOGY ECONOMICS FISHERIES PESTICIDES WASTE-WATER-0
1SPOSAL GREAT-SOUTH-BAY-LONS-ISLANO-NY
JOURNAL OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 41 NO 8 PART 1 AUG 1969 P 1456-1466 1 TAB 4 FIG t
6 REF
DOBSON R C KUTZ F H
CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SHINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL
OLLECTION-PIT SLOTTEO-FLOOR CONTROL HOUSE-FLIES
JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 63 1 171 FEBRUARY 1970
KEYWORDS LAGOONS C
PECK J H ANDERSON J R /
INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED ANTHROPOD PREDATORS
KEYWORDS SAMPLING CONTROL-OF-FLIES POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL PREDATORS
JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 63 1 82-90 FEB 1970
MORRISON S R MENDEL V E BOND T E
INFLUENCE OF SPACE ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CATTLE
Y INFLUENCE SPACE CATTLE
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 13 1 145-147 JAN 1970
LOVELADY H G STORK E J
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FOR BOHB
ORIMETRY
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY V16 NJ P253-254 1970
KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS HEIGHT-GAIN FEEO-EFF1CIENC
CALORIMETRY KEVHORDS LYOPHIL1ZE DRYING METHOD CAL
U S CLRNGHS PU3100066 AD714 846 1969
HAREIN P K BE LAS CASAS E B S YORK M D
SALMONELLA SPP AND SEROTYPES OF ESCHERICHIA COL I ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALHORM COLLECTED IN POULTRY
BROODER HOUSES KEYWORDS CULTURES LITTER PATHOGENS POULTRY
JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 63 1 80-82 FEB 1970
14
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100 70 0019
luO 70 0020
100 70 0021 OLStN R J
BURNETT w E OONDERO N C
CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST ODOR-PANEL MASK1NG-ASENTS DEODORANTS ANIMAL
TRANSACTIONS Of THE ASAE 13 Z 221-22* MARCH 1970
YD"* L R FLEGAL C J ZINUEL H C COLEMAN T H
HS.ir2 11I?TC?n,TSJNIUS ™E>no°n*T£D POUL">V ««« ON DUALITY CHANCES IN SHELL EGOS DURING STORAGE KEY*
SCONCE 49 2 ?io-?; °NS EFFECT OIETS UEHYDR*TED-POULTRY-WASTE SHELL-EGSS STORAGE
.100 70 0023
100 70 0024
100 70 0025
100 70 0026
HENSLER R F ATTOE 0 J
PLICATION, AERATION, »NO SOIL PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND ON CERTAIN SOIL T
TY EFF MANURE-APPLICATIUNIFIC;AIION °ENITR'F1C*T10N "ATES-OF-APPLICATION N-RECOVERY FIELO-MOISTURE-CAPACI
SUIl SCI SOC OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS 34 2 222 MARCH 1970
FINCHER G T STEWART T B DAVIS K
TATTR'AC'UO'N "KSpSUmtH F^AN,™0"5 ANIMAL5' K™» HAe'T*TS HOSTS PIT-TRAPS ANIMAL
THE JOURNAL OF P4RASITOLOGY 56 2 378-383 APRIL 1970
GOYAL S M SINGH I P
NS°BSOURCESUSALMONELLAINPOULTRY "" * P°ULT"Y F*RM KErHORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS RODENTS CROSS-INFECT 10
BRITISH VETERINARY JOURNAL 126 4 180-184 1970
OUARLES C L GENTRY R F BRESSLER G 0
IUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY KEYWORDS FERTILITY A
BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION EGG-HATCHABILITY
POULTY ciENCE 49
FLING D Y C
60-66 1970
KRAFT A A
POULTRY SCIENCE 49 1 46-54 \l
CALVERT C C MORGAN N 0 MARTIN R 0
OOEGRADATIoS"lN-lxCRETA4DAT1DN ™ "™ EXC<1ET* T0 USEFUL PR°°UCTS KEYWORDS INSECTS ODOR UTILIZATION 81
POULTRY SCI 49 Z 588-590 MAR 70
STEWART B A
100 70 0027 STEFANOVIC M P
100 TO 0028
100 70 0031
100 70 0034
LOO 70 0042
100 70 0047
100 70 0048
100 70 0009
100 70 OOSO
100 70 0051
lOO 70 0064
BAYLEY H S
El>
*N° I50UTION DF ""-"ONELLA FROM NIXED CULTURES AND POULTRY P
H0t "-ITY-FLASK METHOD DETECTION ISOLATION SALMONELLA POULTRY
SLINGER S J
6XPOSURE »N" STARVATION ON VANIIMANDELK ACID OUTPUT IN THE URIN
EFFECT S"ESS sv""6 v*»««»w^ie-*cio URINE
THE ROLE OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS
NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEOLOT CONDITIONS KEYWORD
euutor,«,-c.,,.,-,;-• N1T"»TE AMMONIA MOISTURE-CONTENT SOIL PH STOCKING-RATECATTLE-FEEOLOT
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4 7 579-582 JULY 1970
AMENTA J S
A RAPID EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL LIP1DS AND LIPIO FRACTIONS IN BLOOD AND FECES KEYWORDS CH
EMICAL-ANAYSIS PLASMA CHOLESTEROL LABORATORY TESTS FECES
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 16 4 1970 339-346
MINSHALL N E WIT2EL S A NICHOLS M S
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PRECIPITATION RUNOFF FR
PROC AM SOC CE, JOUR SANITARY ENGR OIV 96 SA2 APR70 513
PRYOR M J
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS P
ERFORMANCE PRINCIPLES PRACTICES BEEF FEEOLOTS
AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL 46 4 APRIL 1970 P173-177
HEATHCOTE R G
SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
TRACE-ELEMENTS LIMITING-FACTORS CROP-RESPONSE MANURES
EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE, 6 3 P 229-237, 1970
KOELLIKER J K MINER J R
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND APPLICATION RATE KEY
WORDS COD LAGOONS NITRATES NITROGEN BACTERIA DISPOSAL IRRIGATION SOIL APPLICATION-RATE
TRANS ASAE> 13 4 , P 496-499, JULY-AUG 1970
LOEHR R C
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOING-TANKS OXIDATION1-
DITCHES COMPOSTING NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS DRYING NITRIFICATION DENITRIFRATION
INDUSTRIAL WATER ENGINEERING, 7 11 P 14-18, NOV 1970
LAW J P JR BERNARD H
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS BOD COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION LIVESTOCK CHEMICALS
AQUATIC-LIFE FISH OISSOLVED-OXYGEN DO FERTILIZERS SALINITY RECREATION
TRANS ASAEi 13 4 P 474-478 JULY-AUG 1970
EKB R E TILLSON S A HODGEN G 0 PLOTKA E 0
URINARY CREATININE AS AN INDEX COMPOUND FOR ESTIMATING RATE OF STEROIDS IN THE DOMESTIC SOW KEYWORDS SHI
NE INDEX •"COMPOUND
JOUR ANIMAL SCIENCE 30 1 . P 79-85, JANUARY 1970
lOO 70 0065 ANON
AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION DISPOSAL CONTAMINA
T10N MEASURE POTENTIAL LIQUID POULTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOL 4 12 ,P 1098-1100, DEC 1970
15
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100 70 0062 CALVERT C C PAKTIN K 0 MORGAN N 0
1 HOUSE FLIT PUPAE AS FOOD FOB POULTRY KEYWORDS FEEDS NUTRIENTS MUSCA-OOMEST ICA
JOUR ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 62. P 938-939, 1970 NO 4
100 70 OOB3 TUWNSHEND A R BLACK S A JANSE J F
BEEF-FeEDLOI OPERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL 8EEF-FEEDLOT ONTARIO
JOUR HATE* POLLUTION CONTROL FEPERATION 42 2 FEB 1970 195-208
1UO 70 0084 BELL R G
FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE OF THE ODOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED LIOUID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR LEG
fUULTRY SCIENCE, 49 4 , P 1126-1129, JULY 1970
100 70 0065 ANON
DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES
AGRICULTURE, 77 1 ,P 431-432, SEPT 1970
100 70 0089 WHEATLAND A B BORNE B J
TREATMENT, USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR DISPOSAL FOAMING 0
X1DATION-DITCH FLUSHING-GUTTER SLURRIES INCINERATION BOO COO SEA
"AT POLLUT CONTROL, 69 2 , P-195-20B, FEU 1970
100 70 0094 BSLL R G
THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNC08 MIXTURES KEYWORDS COMPOSTIN
G TEMPERATURE DEPTH MICROORGANISMS CANADA AERATION ODOR SALMONELLA INFLUENCE AERATION POULTRY
J AGRIC ENGNG RES 15 1 , 11-16. 1970
,100 70 0102 MINER J R BAUMANN E R WILLRICH T L HAiEN T E
POLLUTION CUNTROL-FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION LAGOON
JOUR WATER POLL.N CONTROL FED 42 3 391 MARCH 1970 PART 1
100 70 0107 BRESSLER G U
DRYING POUIT8Y MANURE INSIDE THE POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MANURE
AGRIC ENGR V51 N3 P136 MAR 70 CONDENSATION PAPER NA-1-502
100 70 0110 SMYSER C F SNOEYENBOS G H MCKIE B
ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRICHMENT MEDIA INCUBAT
f?»v , ft» TEMPER4TURES KEYWORDS PH INDICATORS PLATING-MEDIUM ISOLATION SALMONELLAE BY-PRODUCTS POU
L ' K ' ~C I T TER
AVIAN DISEASES 14 2 1970 246-254
;100 70 0112 RILEY C T
CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION-EQUIVALENTS SLURRI
E5 SLUDGE AREATRENDS DISPOSAL
WAT POLL CONTROL, 69 2 , P174-179, FEB 1970
100 70 0228 MINER J R
"* ™
AGR ENGR, 51 12 , P 702-703, DEC 1970
100 70 0260 JACKSON S W LANGLOIS B E JOHNSON T H
GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNOER AEKOBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS WASTE R
EUSE URIC AC10 GROWTH CONDITIONS
POULTRY SCIENCE VOL 49 NO 6 1970 PP1749-1750
100 70 0270 BELLO T R GORDON V L
OF STRONGYLE EGGS FROM EOUINE FECES FOR IN VITRO STUDIES KEYWORDS SEPARATION-TECHN 10
AMER JOUR OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 31 12 P 2285-2288 DEC 1970
100 70 0299 THOMAS RE LAW J P JR HARLIN C C JR
HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY-RUNOFF HASTEHATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS HYDROLOGY WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT SOIL-DISPOSAL-F I
J IRR AND DRAIN DIV PROCEEDINGS ASCE 96 3 1970 P 289-298
100 70 0340 MCKELL C M BROWN V W ADOLPH R H DUNCAN C
FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE CALIFORNIA PROTEINS
J OF RANGE MANAGEMENT, VOL 23, P 336-340, 1970
100 70 0342 SMITH L W G06RING H K GORDON C H *
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY-TREATED FECES KEYWORDS DIGESTION FERMENTATION COSTS CELL-WALL OXIOA
NTS ALKALIS
JOUR OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 31 6 P 1205-1209 DEC 1970 16 REF
100 70 0362 HALL G 0 WOOD A J WESCOTT R B DOMMERT A R
DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA IN FECES OF SWINE KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS PATTERNS SHINE
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 20 5 , P 789-792, NOV 1970
100 70 0365 8AYLEY N D
AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS WATER SALINITY PLANNING FERTIL
IZERS SEDIMENTCHALLANGES
WATER AND WASTES ENGR 7 11 , P F-14-F-16, NOVEMBER 1970
100 70 0367 CARLSON K H BAYLEY H S
NITROGEN AND AM I NO ACIDS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND DIETS CONTAINING GRA
DED LEVELS OF SOYBEAN OIL MEAL OR CASEIN KEYWORDS HOGS PROCEDURE NITROGEN AMINO DIET
J NUTRITION V 100 NO 11 1353-1361, 1970
100 70 0368 HERR G H
AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EQUIPMENT NEIGHBORS HESEAR
CH NEEDS
COMPOST SCIENCE, J OF WASTE RECYCLING, 11 5, P 6-11, OCT 1970
FRINGE KEy*OR°S ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT POLLUTION-ABATEMEN
16
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100 70 0369 CROSS Q E DURAN 4
«TESRs2iNEDECOMPOSIT'ON " S""NE eXC"6MENT «™°«°S LABORATORY-TESTS, TEMPERATURE SLUDGE BOD PH LOADING-R
TRANS ASA6, 13 3 , P 320-322,325, MAY 1970
100 70 0372 LOEHR R C
R'MNFA'" *^JOLLUIION fM" b£EF "TTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GROUNOWATER NUTRIENTS
JOUR SAN ENGR DIV, PKOC-ASCE 96 SA6 DEC 1970 1295-1309
100 70 0413 EL-SABBAN F F BRATZLER J « LONG T A FRIAR 0 E H SENTRY R F
ENLFARSf«»S?"S"?UE°ULTRV "STE " ' FEE° F°R RU"NANTS KEYW°R°S WASTE-TREATMlN?"lGESTION DIETS N.TROG
JOUR OF ANIMAL SCI VOL 31 1970 PP107-111
100 70 0*17 HULT R f TH.MONS 0 R LATTERELL J J
UYELUL^OSPH2TESHOSPHATES "* W4TER KEVW°RDS RUN°" FERT"-'«« SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO!L CROPS THRESHOLD-
J AGR FOOD CHEM , VOL la, NO 5, 1970 P 781-78*
100 70 0*18 MOORE J 0 ANTHONY H a
DNSYN?H«Is0%eEDTf!KMeNTA?IOSR '"" "* """^ Fe«"ENT*TI™ «r«0.0$ FARM WASTES TOXICITY ORGANIC AC,
JOUR OF AN SCI VOL 30 1970 P 324
100 TO 0420 SfEELMAN C 0 COLMER A R
OLLUT!oNECEFSFECTr^U,TlS-tNSEC?S *QUAT'C 'NSE"S '" """>UNOE° H""*" KEYWORDS LAGOONS ORGANIC WASTE P
ANNALS OF- THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AM VOL 63 NO 2 1970 397-400
100 70 0421 CHIANG H C
JouoE
JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 63 NO 3 JUNE 1970 PP934-936
100 70 0458 VANOERHOLN D H bEEft C E
: SrJS i
100 70 0510 LAAK R
"Nj-NEEDEONEMtNSREH01SpSs!?NU'
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1UO 70 1040 EL-SHARKAWI F M MOAWAU S K
•STABILIZATION OF DAIRY HASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY 0
XIOATION-LAGOONS PILOT-PLANTS ALGAE BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS STABILI
ZATION HASTE-HATEK-TKEATMENT FAKM-WASTES ALEXANDRIA-EGYPT PANDORINA SOLUSLE-ORGANIC-SOLIDS
JUURNAL OF THE HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 42 NO 1 JAN 1970 P 115-125 5 TAB 4 FIG 17 REF
100 70 1041 NIGHTINGALE H I
STATISTICAL EVALUATION UF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AMD AGRICULTURAL AREA-FRE
SNO CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER CALIFORNIA NITRATES SALINITY WATER-WELLS AOU
IFERS IRRIGATION-WATER FERTILIZERS URBANIZATION STATISTICAL-METHODS SURVEYS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES DEC
RESSION-ANALYSIS FRESNO-CALIF
GROUNOWATER VOL 8 NO 1 JAN-FEB 1970 P 22-28 5 TAB 6 FIG 8 REF
100 70 1051 ANON
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALHQNID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
F.S BIOCHEM1CAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO 01SOLVED-OXYGEN HYDROGEN-1ON-CONCENTRATION AMMONIA NITRATES PHOSPHATES SOLID
-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES-WILDLIFE WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL FOOD-ABUNDANCE CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO PATHOGENIC-BA
CTERIA ANIMAL-PARASITES SILTS FECES DRUGS
WATER AND SEWAGE WORKS VOL 117 NO IB AUGUST 1970 P 291-2V7 3 TAB 6 FIG 15 REF
100 70 1090 MILLER R U GORDUN C H MORGAN N 0 BOWMAN M C BEROJA M
COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COM MANURE KEYWORDS FEEDS ADDITIVES
CATTLE FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY MORTALITY MILK INSECTICIDES LARVAE COUMAPHQS HOUSE-FLIES MUSCA-OOMESTIC
A-L
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 63 NO 3 JUNE 1970 P 893-855 3 TAB 14 REF
100 70 1111 PEAKALL C B LINGER J L
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTICIDE-TOXICITY PHY
SICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS PERSISTENCE ABSORPTION DDT CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES PLASTICS PAINTS RUBBER
RESINS GAS-CHROMATQGRAPHY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY MALLARD-DUCK POULTRY SONBIROS WAOING-blRDS MUSSELS HERRINGS
PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS WATER-POLYCHLORINATEO-BIPHENYLS CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE
BIOSCIENCE VOL 20 NO 17 SEPT 1 1970 P 958-964 2 TAB 1 FIG 62 REF
100 70 1194 DOWNING A L
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAL-CONTROL FIN
ANCING PLANT-GROWTH NITROGEN PHOSPHROUS RESERVOIRS FISHERIES WATER-SUPPLY COSTS MATER-DEMAND ECONOMIC-JUST
IFICATION AQUATIC-HEED-CONTROL RIVERS AGRICULTURE ROOTED-AOUATIC-PLANTS DRAINAGE RUNOFF FERTILIZERS LIVEST
OCX ECONOMICS FISH-KILLS INHIBITORS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HUMAN-DISEASES RESEARCH-POLICY UNITED-KINGDOM
FUTURE-TRENDS CLADOPHORA RESEARCH-STRATEGY THAMES-RIVER-ENGLANO LEE-RI
JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR WATER TREATMENT AND EXAMINATION PART 3 V 19 1970 P 223-238
100 70 1195 EDWARDS W M HARROLD L L
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHORUS NITRATES PES
TICICES SOIL-CONSERVATION RUNOFF EROSION PERCOLATION SEDIMENT WASTE LAKE-ERIE BARNYARD SOLIDS LIOUIOS
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE V 70 NO 1 JAN 1970 P 50-56
100 70 1211 CRAINE L 8 EHLERS M H NELSON 0 K
ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC HATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGINEERING CATTLE EL
ECTRICAL-GROUNOING WATER-CONSUMPTION ELECTRICAL-NETWORKS ELECTRIC-CURRENTS ELECTRICAL-POTENTIAL VOLTAGE
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING VOL 51 JULY 1970 P 415-417 1 TAB 2 FIG
100 70 1217 GELDRE1CH E
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL MATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION BIOINDICATORS MA
TER-SUALITY BACTERIA QUATIC-BACTERIA AQUATIC-MICROBIOLOGY AQUATIC-MICROORGANISMS COLIFORMS SALMONELLA STR
EPTOCOCCUS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS ANIMAL-WAST
ES WATER-ZONING SEDIMENT-WATER-INTERFACES DOMESTIC-MASTES LEGAL-ASPECTS SEWAGE-BACTERIA PATHOGEN1C-BACTER
IA
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 62 NO I FEB 1970 P 113-120 53 REF
100 TO 1227 MINER J R
AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-WATER-TREAT
MENT ODORS CATTLE CROPS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT DAIRY-INDUSTRY POULTRY MANURE FEED-LOTS
JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 42 NO 6 JUNE 1970 P 1171-1179 59 REF
100 70 1230 BOYLE H C
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PONDS OXIDATION BI
OLOGICAL-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT AERATION TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES NUTRIENTS COLIFORM EFFICIENCY
POULTRY TERTIARY-TREATMENT
JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 42 NO 6 JUNE 1970 P 410-916 39 R*F
100 70 1233 COOKE G M WILLIAMS R J B
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES NITROGEN NITRA
TES AGRICULTURAL-WATERSHEDS PHOSPHORUS LEACHING SOILS DRAINAGE LYSIMETERS FERTILIZERS RAINFALL MODEL-STUOI
ES ANALYTICAL-TECHNIBUES ARABLE-LAND GRASSLANDS CLAYS LIOUID-WASTES LIVESTOCK SOLUBILITY PHOSPHATES SUB SOI.
L DOMESTIC-ANIMALS EROSION MIND-EROSION SUSPENDED-LOAD UNITED-KINGDOM PLOMING NITROGEN-LOSSES
JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR HATER TREATMENT AND EXAMINATION VOL 19 PART 3 1970 P 253-276 7 TAB 34 REF
tOO 70 1251 ANONYMOUS
AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICAT I ON NITROGEN ALGAE MATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
COLORADO CATTLE URINE PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS FARM-HASTES FEEDLOTS
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH USDA VOL 19 NO 2 AUG 1970 P 8-9
100 68 0043
100 71 0187
ROSS E
FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BROILER LITTER
POULTRY SCIENCE V47 P1711-1712 1968
KEYWORDS FUMIGATION BROILER LITTER
WALKER J P ORR H L POS J
CASED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND
AERATION ODOR
LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS POULTRY
100 71 0189 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS, CORNELL UNIVERSITY
18
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100 71 01S7 CONFERENCE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 P249-253
100 71 0257 wtEIH H J HUNTER J E
GROWTH-RATES SODIUM-CHLORIDE TOXICITY CATTLE
100 71 0261 GKAMMS L C POLKOWSKI L B WITZEL S A
RfcDUCT?ON DANAtRQB?C°0 -"*" ANIM*L WASTES "AIRY BULL, SHINE,AND POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUDGE
TRAMS OF THE ASAE VOL 14 NO 1 JAN-FEB 1971 PP 7-11,13
100 71 0266 HALKEH J P ORR H L PCS J
DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS POULTRY
E WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT STORAGE-TANKS
DESIGN-CRITERIA LIQUID-MANURE EGG-PRODUCTION EGG-QUALITY ANTI-
POULTRY SCIENCE VOL 50 NO 2 MARCH 1971 P 501-505 1 TAB 4 REF
100 71 0273 ELMUNO & K MORRISON S M
8UL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAM AND TOXICOLOGY**^'BpU129-131 1971
100 71 0291 DUNN C MARTIN W J
£™"!!ifm ?SOL.?i4NFCR IS°LATIaN OF SALMONELLAE AND SHIGELLAE FROM FECAL SPECIMENS KEYWORDS bACTER.A
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY V22 Nl PP17-22 JULY 71
100 71 0303 FUJIT4 T TANAYANA S SU2UCKI I
ETlBOLITESFAFATEF UBI(1UINONE-7 «™OROS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS URINARY M
JOUR OF BIOCHEMISTRY VOL 69 NO 1 1971 PP63-71
100 71 0304 SHINOALA A SCARBROUGH J H
C DIGESTmNE ART HEV'E" TREAIMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANAEROBI
WATER AND SEWAGE WORKS VOL 118 NO 2 FEB 1971 PP50-57
100 71 '0307 GITAY H POLSON A
TUE-EGRET°FISULAnONlAVIANU5 "^ HELIOTH IS-ARMIttERA M° ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES KEYWORDS VIRUS CA
J Of- INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY, 17 2 , P 288-290 1971
100 71 0312 JOSENFELO R S HELLMAN L
SITOSTEROL BY HOMOGENATES OF FECES KEYWORDS FEDES
100 71 031* BURNETT H E
GGASES*ODO°S0pOULTRr POULTRY "ANURE * "LKTEO BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IDENTIFICATION CONTROL
POULTRY SCIENCE 50 1 P 61-63 JANUARY 1971
100 71 0318 CILBERTSON C 8 MCCALLA T M ELLIS J R CROSS 0 E WOODS W R
ALL VALUE RUN**""' *N° NIT"*TE MOVENENT ON BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COO BOO DO SOIL-CORES NITROGEN RAINF
JOUR WATER POLL FED 43 3 , P 483-493 MARCH 1971
100 71 0348 ANON
BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS
POULTRY DIGEST, P 25, JANUARY 1971
100 71 0441 UTLEY t R BRADLEY N W BOLING J A
JOUR DAIRY SCIENCE V54 N7 PP1091-1093 JULY 1971
100 71 0443 SLETTEN 0 SINGER R H
SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS KEYWORDS ODOR SULFUR-BACTERIA LAGOONS
JOUR OF -THE WATEH POLLUTION CONTROL FED V43 N10 PP2118-2122 OCT 1971
100 71 0444 CLAUOON 0 G THOMPSON D I CHRISTENSON E H LAWTON G W DICK E C
CONTAMINATION OF * RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RUNOFF WATERS KEYWORDS SALMONELLA-CONTAMINA
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY V21 N5 PP875-877 MAY 1971
100 71 0447 MINER J R
LIVESTOCK WASTES - ANNUAL LITERATURE REVIEH KEYWORDS LITERATURE LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES
JOUR OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION V43 N6 PP991-998 JUNE 1971
100 71 04SO ADRIANO D C PRATI P F BISHOP S E
w'AlE1JELA'NDl-DtsJoSALSMiR1Y*ND GROUN°-"*TERS FRO" LAND ""'""I. Of DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS NITRATE GROUND-
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY AMERICA PROCEEDINGS V3S PP759-62 1971
100 71 04S1 KAMPELMACHER E H JANSEN L H
REDUCTION OF SALMONELLA [N COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FARM OXIOATIUN VAT KEYWORDS AEROBIC BACTERIA CHLd
RIMTION NETHERLANDS SALMONELLA COMPOST HOG OXIDATION «T»UKU» «KOB1C BACTERIA CHLO
JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FED V43 NT PP1541-45 JULY 1471
100 71 0433 FRINK C R
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-OUALITY
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW V9 N2 PP11-25 1971
19
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loo 71 0*54 ALEXANDER R M
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMEf
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100 71 06/4 LUDtNGTON 0 C S06EL A T SORMEL 6
CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTROL
TS4NS ASAE VOL I* NO
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1100 71 1197 TUMLINSON T E
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERTILIZERS NITRATES
HEKCOLATION FARM-HASTES DRAINAGE-WATER FEED-LOTS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM RIVERS LEACHING SOIL-EROS
ION BRITAIN
OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE VOL 6 NO 6 1971 P 272-278 8 TAB 2 FIG 19 REF
100 71 1212 STUART D G BISSONNETTE G K GOODRICH T 0 HALTER M G
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER DUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MO
UNTA1N STREAMS KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATERSHEDS MOUNTAINS BACTERIA WATER-PULLUTION-SOURCES WATEHSHEO-M
AM4GEMENT COLIFORMS ENTERIC-BACTERIA CULTURES SAMPLING NUTRIENTS MONTANA" RECREATION ANIMAL-WASTES STREAMS
E-CLUI LUMBERING CAMPING WATER-SUPPLY WILDLIFE CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS SALMONELLA PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA SHIGELLA F
ILTRATION ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES HYALITE-WATERSHED MYSTIC-WATERSHED
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY VOL 22 NO 6 DEC 1971 P 1048-1054 2 TAB 6 FIG 15 REF
100 71 1213 GASSER W GEHRT K M
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA COMPUTER
-PROGRAMS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION MICROORGANISMS COMPUTER-MODELS AUTOMATION E-COLI
DATA DATA-PROCEDOING PSEUOOMONAS SALMONELLA STREPTOCOCCUS PROTEUS-VULGAKI & PSEUOOMONAS-AERUCINOSA AUCALIGE
NES-F4ECALIS SERRATIA SERRATU-MARCESENS SALMONELLA-TVPHOSA KLEBSIELLA KLEBSIELLA-PHEUMONIAE STAPHVLOCOCCU
S STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SARCINA-LUTEA 01PLOCOCCUS-PHEUMON
6IOSC1ENCE VOL 21 NO 20 OCTObER 15 1971 P 1044-1045 3 TAB 7 REF
100 71 1214 GOWAN D
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION FERTILIZERS FARM-
MANAGEMENT LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS COPPER ARSENIC-COMPOUNDS ODOR SEWERS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND SLURRIES CHL
ORIOES AMMONIA NITROGEN DAIRY-INDUSTRY UNITED-KINGDOM FARM-INCOME
EFFLUENT AND WATER TREATMENT JOURNAL JUNE 1971 P 303-308 I TAB 10 REF
100 71 1216 YIH R Y SW1THENBANK C
IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES OF N- 1,I-OIMETHYIPROPYNL -3,5-DICHIOROBENZAMINE IN RAT AND COM URINE AND RA
T FECES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS METABOLIC-PATHWAYS
J AGR FOOD CHEM , VOL 19, NO 2 1971, P 320-324 P 320-324 3 TAB 3 FIO 7 REF
100 71 1221 THORPE V A DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND
BIOLOGICAL
FLUIDS KEYWORDS FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY KEYWORDS MERCURY PO
LLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION FEEDS FISH CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS ACIDS CHEMICAL-REACTIONS OXIDATION FEEDS MILK-POULTRY
REDUCTION-CHEMICAL CALIBRATIONS AERATION BIOLOGICAL-SAMPLES POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE STANNOUS-CHLORIDE SULFU
RIC-ACID REAGENTS BLOOD URINE MEAT EGGS ATCMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY PRECISION SAMPLE-PREPARATION C
HEMICAL-RECOVERY
100 71 1223 BRUST R A MIYAZAKI S HODGSON G C
EFFECT OF DURSBAN IN THE DRINKING WATER OF CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOD OURSBAN CHOLIN-ESTERASE WATER-
POLLUTION-EFFECTS
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 64 NO 5 1971 P 1179-1183
LOEHR R C
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF -ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES DISPOSAL TREATMENT SY
STEMS-ANALYSIS RUNOFF POLLUTANT NUTRIENTS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OENTRIF1CATION NITR1FICA
TION EFFLUENTS LEGAL-ASPECTS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL OPTIONS LAND-DISPOSAL OXIDATION-DITCH
POLLUTIONAL-CHARACTERISTICS-ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES DISPOSAL
JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 43 NO 4 P 668-678 2 TAB 2 FIG 10 REF
FRITSCHI E W MACDONALD f W
WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT DESIGN-CRIT
ERIA SAMPLING ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES EVAPORATION DISINFECTION blOLOGICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO URINE COLIFORMS PA
THOGENIC-BACTERIA ANIMAL-PARASITES CHLORINATION LOUISIANA TREATMENT-FACILITIES PRIMATES BACTERIOLOGICAL-AN
ALYSES FECES
JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 43 NO 5 MAY 1971 P 683-889
CROSBY III J W JOHNSTONE D L FENTON R L .
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTAMTS GLACIAL-DRIFT FARM-
WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS COLIFORMS NITRATES NUTRIENTS SOLUTES SOIL-WATER-MOVEMENT GROUNDWATER WASHINGTON W
ATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES CHLORIDES SOIL-MOISTURE FEEOLOT-CATTLE OUTWASH-GLAC1AL
HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH VOL 7 NO 1 FEB 1971 P 204-208 5 FIG 11 REF
DUGAN G L GOLUEKE C G OSWALD W J
RECYCLING SYSTEM FDR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMICAL'-OXYGEN-OEMANO CH
EMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND NUTRIENT RECYCLING POULTRY
JOUR WAT POL CONTROL FED VOL 44 NO 3 P432-440 MARCH 1972
LORIMOR J C MIELKE L M ELLIOTT L F ELLIS JO
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOHATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS NITRATES CATTLE FEED-LOTS W
ATER-POLLUTION IRRIGATION FARM GROUNOWATER WATER-QUALITY AQUIFER SAMPLES NEBRASKA WELLS 3-DAV-PUMPING-ST
UOY TRANSMISSIV1TY
HATER RESOURCES BULLETIN VOL 8 NO t OCT 1972 P 999-1005 3 TAB 4 FIG 6 REF
G1LBERTSON C B NIENABER J A MCCALLA T M ELLIS -I R WOODS W R
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF CON
TINUOUS-FIOH FARM-WASTES CATTLE WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT SOLIDS-REMOVAL-SYSTEMS BATCH-SYSTEM
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS V 15 NO 6 1972 P 1132-1134 6 FIG B R
EF
BETHEA R M NARAYAN R S
IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM WASTES-GAS
ES GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SOLUBILITY ALCOHOLS AMINES ALDEHYDES ESTERS CARBONYLS
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 1972 P 1139-1137 2 TAB 2 FIG 10 REF
100 12 1193 CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER HASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWORDS SEHAGE-EFFLUE
NTS WASTE-IDENTIFICATION DAIRY-INDUSTRY CATTLE EFFLUENTS FARM-WASTES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEM-DEMANO WATER-POLL
UTION-SOURCES NUTRIENTS NITRATES NITRITES
JOURNAL Of MILK FOOD TECHNOLOGY V 35 NO 1 1972 P 53-55 6 TAB 1 FIG 3 REF
100 71 122B
100 71 1232
100 71 1236
100 72 0746
100 72 1097
100 72 1129
100 72 1188
22
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lOO 11 11>»9 KATl S E FASSBENDEH C A
IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN HIIK MILK PRODUCTS CHICKEN MUSCLE LIVER AN
0 ECCS KEYWORDS »MTO10TICS-PEST1CIDES ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES EVALUATION POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION MILK P
OULTRY ORGANIC-PESTICIDES NETHOLCLOGY CENTYRlfUGATION BIOASSAY PESTICIDE-RESIDUES METHODOL05Y FEEDS BIOLOG
ICAL-SAMPLES OXYTETKACYCLINE MILK-PRODUCTS TISSUES MUSCLE LIVER EGGS DETECTION-LIMITS B10ACCUMULATICN REC
OVIRY CM.ORTETRACYLINE
BULLETIN OF ENVIROMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY VOL T NO 4 APRIL 1972 P 229-23* 8 TAB 6 REF
100 72 1215 HUNT L M GILBERT B N
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KEYWORDS DIGESTION T
RITIUM AUTOMATION CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS B10ASS»Y POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION SUSPENSION QUENCHING AOUEOUS-SOLUTI
ONS ANIMAL-HASTES SULVENT-EXTRACTIONS WATEK-POLLUT10N-SOURCES TH10CARBAMATE-PE5TICIOES SHEEP BIOLOGICAL-SA
NPLES COMBUSTION FER8AN TISSUE RECOVERY LICUIO-SCINTRLATION SAMPLE-PREPARATION LUNGS PANCREAS BONE HEAKT
BRAIN SPLEEN MUSCLE LIVER KIDNEYS FECES BLOOD
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES VOL 23 NO 5 MAY 1472 P 246-249 2 TAB 1 FIG B A
EF
100 72 1222 .GEKRT A J
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES PROT
EIN CENTRIFUGAT10N POULTRY NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS ORGAN1C-COMPOUNDS CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY QUALITY-CON
TROL PEPSIN INTERLABORATORY-TESTS COLLABORATIVE-STUDIES BIOLOGICAL-SAMPLES METHOL-VALIDATION OATA-INTERP
RETATION
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS VOL 55 NO 4 1972 P 702-706 1 TAB * REF
100 72 1224 EVANS M R OMENS J D
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER KEYWORDS DRAINAG
E-WATER FARH-WASTES ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS SUB-SURFACE-ORA1NAGE ENTERIC-BACTERIA SUBSURFACE-WATERS HOGS fLO
W-RATES EQUATIONS HAFER-POLLUTION-SOURCES PERCOLATION SOIL-tlATE»-MOVE«HT SEEPAGE POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION
CIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO E-COLI FILTRATION MEMBRANES DISCHARGE-WATER WEIR-GAUGES CLAY-LOAN SANDS SURFACE
-RUNOFF ENTEROCOCC1 BIOCHEMICAL-TESTS FECAL-CCLIFORMS
JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY VOL 71 NO 3 AUG 1972 P 477-485 4 FIG 8 REF
100 72 1235 MCGHEE T J TORRENS R L SMAUS R J
BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND POLLUTANT-
IDENTIFICATION CATTLE ORGANIC-HETTE* CHEMICAL-OXVGEN-DEHAND OXYGEN-DEMAND FEED-LOTS FARM-NASTES CATTLE-FE
EDLOT-RUNOFF UL1IMATE-BOD
WATER AND SEWAGE WORKS VOL 119 NO 6 JUNE 1972 P 58-61 1 TAB 7 FIG 20 REF
100 7} 1034 HAMILTON H f. ROSS 1 J JACKSON S N
TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS AUTOC
LAVES FARM-HASTES POULTRY LIVESTOCK ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS FERMENTATION ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES DILUTION RUM
EN-SAMPLING FERMENTOR-SAMPLING TEST-TUBES PI PETTING-DEVICE INOCULATION MICROBIAL-GROWTH COLONY-COUNTING
CHEMICAL-CHANGES
TRANSACTIONS OF ASAE VOL 16 NO 1 1973 P 172-175 9 FIG 4 REF
100 73 1069 BERRYMAN C BATEV T CALDWELL T H BODY D A
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS SILTS FERTILIZERS POTATOES NITRO
G6N PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM ENGLAND NUTRIENTS ORAINA6E FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL SOIL-PROFILES TUBER-SLACKt
NING
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE VOL 80 APRIL 1973 P 269-281 12 TAB 1 FIG 17 REF
100 73 1086 LITTLEFIELD L H BLETNEH J K GOFF 0 E
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAVING HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION OF EGG YOLKS KEYWORDS
RECYCLING CATTLE FARM-WASTES POULTRY DIETS 8LOOO-XANTHOPHYLL-LF.VELS YOLK-PIGMENTATIONS BLOOD
POULTRY SCIENCE VOL 52 NO 1 JAN 1973 P 179-181 3 TAB 10 REF .
100 73 1087 LUEBS R E DAVIS K R LAAG A E ,
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY AREA KEYWORDS DAIRY
-INDUSTRY CATTLE NITROGEN AMMONIA AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS WATER-POLLUTION TOXICITY FARM-WASTES SAMPLING T
ENPERATURE HUMIDITY WINDS RAINFALL OlSTILLULE-NITftOGEN NONOISTILLABLE-NITROGEN ATMOSPHER1C-NH3
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY VOL 2 NO 1 JAN-MARCH 1973 P 137-141 3 TAB 3 FIG IB REF
100 73 1088 ROBINSON J J SCOTT D FRASER C
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT Of PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION OF URINARY NITROGEN
EXCRETED AS UREA IN SHEEP KEYWORDS SHEEP DIETS ENERGY PROTEIN-INTAKE GESTATION URINARY-NITROGEN NITROGt
N-RETENTION
THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE VOL 10 NO 3 JUNE 1973 P 363-368 3 TAB 4 FIG 14 REF
100 73 1128 CULLEY 0 D JR EPPS E A
USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASIE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TREATMENT FARM-LAGO
ONS NUTRIENT-REMOVAL FEEDS LIVESTOCK DUCKWEED LEHNACEAE
JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION V 45 NO 2 FE8 1973 P 337-347 S TAB 1 FIG 26 REF
100 73 1155 HECKER J F
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE CASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS NITROGEN SHEEP ENIYMES HYOROL
YSIS SOLUBLE-HUCINS TCA-SOLUBLE-MUCIN RUMEN-LIQUOR FAECEL-LIOUOR GASTRO-INTESTlNAL-TftACTS FUCOSE RHAMNOSE
HEXOSE METHVL-PENTOSE HISTOLOGY
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE V 80 1973 P 63-69 4 TAB 40 REF
100 T3 1162 ABBOTT J L TUCKER T C
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS FERTILITY WASTE-DISPOSAL PHOSP
HORUS NITROGEN CALCAREOUS-SOILS COTTON BARLEY ALFALFA ARUONA CYCLING-NUTRIENTS PLANT-NUTRITION POLLUT10
N-CONTROL
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS V 37 NO 1 JAN FE8 1973 P 60-63 t TAB 1 FIG 11 REF
100 7J 1164 COX N A OAV1S B H WATTS * B COLMER A R
SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWING ORAL INOCULATION
KEYWORDS SALMONELLA FARM-WASTES .POULTRY BACTERIA DISEASES ANALYSIS TISSUES CONTAMINATION EGGS INOCULAT
ION SEFTENBEAG THOMPSON TYPHlMUKlUM
POULTRY SCIENCE V 52 NO Z HAR 1973 P 661-666'3 TIB 21 REF
100 TI 11*5 SHERMAN N HERRICK R B
fLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING DURSBAN 0-0 OIETHYL 0-3 $ 6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRICYL PHOSPHOROTH
IOATE TO LAVING HENS KEYWORDS PEST1CIDE-TOXICITY FARM-WASTES POULTRY LARVAE FEEDS ADDITIVES DURJBAN FLY
-CONTROL
POULTRY SCIENCE V 52 NO 2 MA« 1973 P 741-747 3 TAB 3 FIG 12 REF
23
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luQ 79 U84 OUGAN G L YOUNG ft H F TAKAKIYA G
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT A IK-POL
LUTION WATER-POLLUTION UROUNDWATER-POLLUT!ON WASTE-HATER-TREAIMENT B10CHEM1CAL-0»VGEN-DEMANO NITROGEN PO
NDS DRY INS INCINERATION RECYCLING HAWAII SUBTROPICAL-ENVIRONMENT LAND-SPREADING COMPOSTING
JOURNAL KATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION V 45 NO * APR 1973 P 742-73O * TAB 1 FIG 22 REF
100 73 1190 CHICCO C F AMMERMAN C 8 FEASTER J P DUNAVANT B G
NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESU1M IN SHEEP KEYWORDS CALCUIM PH
OSPHORUS MA&NESUIM SHEEP METABOLISM NUTRITIONAL-INTERRELATIONSHIPS PLASMA FECAL-EXCRETION BASAL-DIET FEM
US-DEPOSITION
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE V 36 NO 5 MAY 1473 P 986-943 6 TAB 1 FIG 26 REF
100 73 1263 CROSS 0 L BOLING J A BRADLEY N H
CHROMIC OXIDE ANO CRUDE PRUTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY MATER RESTRICTION KEYw6RDS FAR
ft-MASTES PROTEINS CATTLE METABOLISM CHROMIC-OXIDE WATER-RESTRICTION ORY-MATTER-DISPESTIBIL1TV FECAL-ORY-M*
TTER
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 36 NO 5 MAY 1973 P 982-989 4 TAB 2 FIG 12 REF
100 70 1237 LIAO P B
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES
200 64
KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALHONIDS
HATER-REQUIREMENTS TEMPERATURE NUTRIENTS ALGAE WEEDS TASTE ODOR PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ORGANIC-WASTES SOLID-
WASTES CHEMICALS MICHIGAN CALIFORNIA TUB IF 1C I OS COLORADO WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL WASHINGTON CHEMICAL-OXYGE
N-OENANO OlSSOLVEO-QXVGEN HYDROGEN-JON-CONCENTRATION AMMONIA H1TRATES PHOSPHATES SUSPENDED-LOAD DISSOLVED-
SOLIDS EFFLUENTS SETTLEABLE-SOLIDS HATCHERY-EFFLUENTS PARASITES JOROAN-KIVER-MICH SAN-JOAQUIN-RIVER-CA
WATER ANO SEWAGE WORKS VOL 117 NO B 1970 P 291-297 3 TAB 6 FIG It REF
200 64 0750 OORNBUSH J N ANDERSEN J R
LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFINEMENT BIOCMEMICAL-
OXYGEN-OEMANO CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND AMMONIA NITROGEN SOUTH-DAKOTA LAGOON
PIIOC 19TH INO WASTE CONF PART 1 PP317-32S 1964
200 64 OT99 M.YES J L SHITH S H MIHER J R
STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS B10CHEM1CAL-OXVGEN-OIMANO CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND AMM
ONIA NITROGEN FISH CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF
PROC 14TH ANNUAL CONF SANITARY ENGR U KANSAS LAWRENCE 24PP JAN 196*
200 64 1246 CLARK H F KABLER P W '
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COL1FORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-ENGINEERING WATER F
OODS SOILS GASES HYDROGEN CARBON-DIOXIDE FERMENTATION PLANTS CATTLE GRAINS-CROPS BIOCHEMISTRY MICRO-ORGAN
ISMS MILK ACID-BACTERIA CARBOHYDRATES PHYSIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES ANIMALS STATISTICAL-METHODS BIROS HUMAN-
DISEASES SHEEP GEOGRAPHICAL-REGIONS UNITED-STATES INSPECTION SPORES HYDHOGEN-SULFIOE C-COL1 PHYSIOLOGY 1AC
ILLUS-COLI TAXONOMY HEALTH AEROBACTER-AEROGENES FECES GLUCOSE MORPHOLOGY BACTER1CM-COLI BACTER
PROCEEDINGS OF AUOOLFS RESEARCH CONFERENCE PRINCIPLES C APPLICATIONS IN AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY
JOHN WILEY ANO SONS INC RUTGERS UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK N J 1964 P 202-229 2 TAB I FIG 52 REF
GUTIERREZ J DAVIS R E
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTION METABOLISM AM
INO-ACIOS TRACERS PROTEINS CHROMATOGRAPHY FERMENTATION DIGESTION LIPIDS MANOMETERS STREPTOCOCCUS ALFALFA
RUMEN PHYSIOLOGY CASEIN ISOTRICHS HOLOTRICHS PARAMECIUM ISOTRICHA-PROSTONA ISOTRJCHA-INTESTINALIS OAiYTP.
ICHA OIPLOOINIUK-ECIUOATU* ENTOD1N1UM-SIMPLEX OPHRYDSCDLEX-CAUDATUS STARCH EPIDlNlUM-tCiUDATUM DIPLOCOCCU
S PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS
PROCEEDINGS OF RUDOLFS RESEARCH CONFERENCE PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS IN AQUATIC MICROBI
OLOGY JOHN BILEY ANO SONS INC RUTGERS UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK N J 1964 P 394-404 1 TAB 2 FIG 17 REF.
ASAE SPONSOR
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS 800 COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR STORAGE CATTLE SWINE
POULTRY FEED IRRIGATION FEEOLOT PRODUCTION PROPERTIES STORAGE HEALTH POLLUTION LABOR ENVIRONMENT RUNOFF
EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH COMPOSTING COPROPHAGY NITROGEN TREATMENT SYSTEMS CQNFINMENT MANAGEMENT
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366. 1-160,1966
WITZEL S A MCCOY E POLKONSKI L B ATTOE 0 J NICHOLS M S
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FARM WASTES BOVINE ANIMALS KEYWORDS LAGOON-FLORA
AEROBIC AEROBIC PLANT-RESPONSE BOD COO PROPERTIES
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMTi ASAE SP-0366. 10-14,1966
MORRIS G L
DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DUCKS BOD COLIFORMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PLANTS WASTE-LOADS
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE HGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 19-18,1466
DECKER U M STEEL6 J H
HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALTH DISEASES PATHOCE
NIC-ORGANISM MATER-POLLUTION SALMONELLOSIS HEALTH VECTOR
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0364, 18-20,1966
ANDERSON J R
BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETMEEN FECES ANO FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION MODELS
FLIES
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NGMT, ASIE SP-0366, 20-23,1966
MINER J R F1NA L R FUNK J W ' LIPPER R I LARSON G H
STORMHATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-HASTE RAINFALL COLIFORMS KJELO
AHL-NITROGEN BACTERIA SLUGGING WATER-POLLUTION RUNOFF CATTLE FEEDL07S
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 23-27,1966
200 66 0115
200 66 0116
200 66 0117
200 66 0118
200 66 0114
200 66 0120
200 66 0121
SOBEL A T
PHYSICAL .PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS
E POULTRY CATTLE FOEEZIN6-POINT VS FLOMABILITY PRODUCTION PROPERTIES
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 27-32,1966
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES LIQUID-WAST
24
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200 66 0122 OSTRANDER C E
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-HASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS OUOR POULTRY HASTE-STORAGE DISPOSAL CONDIMENT HAN
DUNG PUMPS METHOD
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MCMT. ASAE SP-0366, 32-33,1966
200 66 0121 HART S A MOORE J A HALE N F
PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELECTION-CRITERIA
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL MASTS MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 34-38,1966
200 66 012* MYERS t A
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION Of WASTE HATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING DISTRIBUTION FREE2IN
G OISPUSAL PENN-STATE IRRIGATION-HEADS PROBLEM
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 38-41,1966
200 66 0125 MORK1SON S R MENDEL V E BONO T E
°* 6EEF;~C*7TLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT *LATTED-FLOORS BEHAVIOR FEED-EFF-IC
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 41-43,1966
200 66 0126 SCHMISSEUR H E BROWN C M JR ALBRIGHT J I OJUON W N DALE A C
MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABOR IN FREE-STALL AND LOOSE HOU5IMS KEYWORDS CATTLE CONFINEMENT DISPOSAL BEDDING
LABOR
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MG*T, ASAE SP-0366, 43-45,1966
ZOO 66 0127 DAVIS E H
CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYHORUS CATTLE IOADINS SHEDS MANAGEMENT
SANITATION HEALTH-AUTHORITIES tUMAT IC-CONDITIGNS ALLEYWAYS DISPOSAL
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 45-47,1966
200 66 0128 MOORE J A FAIRBANK W C
D1SPOS4L Of DEAO POULTRV KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EOU1PMENT SLURRIES COMPOS
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE HGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 47-49,1966
200 66 0129 QUISENBERRY J H MALIK D 0 IBAftBIA R
vtir" ?!I**?U$I* STOB1« "*y *5SIST »ITM "»STE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAVS CONFINEMENT DIETS LA
YING-BIROS GENETICS EXCRETION EGGS DISPOSAL
PROC NAT SYNP ANIMAL HAiTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 49-S1.1966
200 66 0130 REED C N
DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLOW-FURROW-COVER KEYWORDS 000* SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES LlOUIO-MANURt MANAG
EMENT PLOW DISPOSAL POULTRY
PROC NAT SVMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMTi ASAE SP-0366, 52-53.1966
200 66 0111 JONES J H TAYLOR G S
DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD HASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SOIL-CLOGGING RURAL-AR
EA$ CONSTRUCT DISPOSAL
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 53-59,1966
200 «C) 0132 BERRY EC
REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR B1ODESRAOAT10N BACTERIA
PHAGE FUNGI CHEMICAL-ENVIRONMENT PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT INOCULATION REQUIREMENTS
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 56-58,1966
200 66 0133 IRGENS R L DAY 0 L
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS SLOTTED-fLOOR AERATION BOD COO COLLECTION PITS OXIDATION 0X10
ATION-OITCH TREATMENT SWINE
PRQC NAT SVMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 58-60, 1«66
200 66 0134 WEBSTER N W CLAYTON J T
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRV MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS AERATION SEO
IMENTAT10N VOLATILE SOLIDS DISSOLVED OXYGEN SOD CHARACTERISTICS DAIRY
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT,,ASAE SP-0366, 61-65, 1966
200 66 013? BR1DGHAM D 0 CLAYTON J T
TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOD LABORATORY TEST RECIRCUIATEO-WAT
EH EFFLUENTS SEDIMENTATION SLUDGE VOLATILE-SOLIDS LOADING-RATE BACTERIA TRICKLINC-FI1.TERS DAIRY-MANURE
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 66-68,14*6
ZOO 66 0136 HOHES J R
ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMPOSTING MICRDORGANIS
HS AEROBIC CELLULOSE POULTRY
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 68-69,1966
200 66 013T WILLRICH T L
PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SHINE HASTES BY LAGOONIMS KEYHDRDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOON-FEEDING PERFORMA
NCE TREATMENT SHINE
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366. 70-74,1966
200 66 0138 CURTIS OR
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGOONS FOR SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COO BOD TEMPERATURE KJELDAHL-N
1TROGEN VOLATILE ACIDS OXIDATION-REDUCTION-POTENTIAL DESIGN ANAERCEIC LAGOONS SHINE DISPOSAL
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 79-80.1966
200 66 0139 AGNEW R H LOEHR R C
CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIOUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COD 800 ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF AEROBIC ANAEROBIC C
HARACTCRt&TIC DISPOSAL K.JELDAHL-N1TROGEN LABORATORY-TESTS ALKALINITY CATTLE TREATMENT
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 81-84,1966
200 66 0140 CASSELL E A WARNER A F . JACOBS G B
DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEMTERIN& VACUUM &EWAGE SLUD1E POULTRY CONDIT
IONERS MUNICIPAL WASTES
HOC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NCMT, ASAE SP-0366, 85-91,1966
25
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200 66 0141 CttOSS 0 E
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS DEWATERING EXPELLED-WATER CAT
HUDES MOISTURE-DISTRIBUTION LAOORATORY-TESTS REMOVAL POULTRY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 91-93,19*6
,100 66 0142 NURNBERGER F Y PIACKSON C J UAVIOSON J A
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY HASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS DEHATERING EXPELLEO-WATER JOU
LE-HEATING REMOVAL POULTRY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 93-95,1966
200 66 0143 SUBEl A T LUD1NGTON D C
DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY HEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUELS LABORATORY-TEST
COMBUSTION INCINERATION
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 95-98,1966
200 66 0144 DAVIS K V COOLEY C E MADDER A V
TREATMENT OF DUCK HASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POULTRY HATER-QUALITY
RAPPAHANNOCK-RIVER MPN SALMONELLA DETENTION-PONDS TREATMENT DUCK
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 98-105,1966
200 66 0145 FONTENOT J P (JHATTACHARYA A N DKAKE C L MCCLURE W H
VALUE OF BROILER UTTER AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRITIVE-VALUE TON POULTRY PR
OTEINS LITTER
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 105-108,1966
200 66 0146 ANTHONY W B
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL HASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MANURE STEERS AOS CARC
AS-OATA DIGESTION-COEFFICIENTS
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MCMT, ASAE SP-0366, 109-112,1966
200 66 0147 DURHAM R M
COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISHES FEEDS SHEEP SWIN
E LIVESTOCK DIGESTION-COEFFICIENTS COPROPHAGY
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MCMT, ASAE SP-0366, 112-114,1966
200 66 0148 FOERSTER E L SR
ROLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE ECONOMICS FALLEN-STOC
K COPROPHASY DISPOSAL NUTRIENTS EOUIPMENT DIGESTION-TANKS PROTEIN
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 114-117,1964
200 66 0149 EBY H J
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYORCPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO ACT AS CHEMICAL F|LT
ERS KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS LAGOON NUTRIENTS GRASSES FERTILIZER EFFLUENTS EVALUATING FILTERS
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 117-120,1966
:200 66 0150 STUB8LEFIF.LD T M
PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEL
OCATIGN MANURE LEGAL ASPECTS ODOR METROPOLITAN-AREAS PROBLEM ARIZONA
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 120-122,1966
200 66 0151 KESLER R P
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWORDS SWINE LAGOONS D
ISPOSAL NUTRIENTS COST LIOUID-WASTE FERTILIZER STORAGE-CAPACITY
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 122-125,1966
200 66 0152 MORRIS W H M
ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOD COST NUTRIENTS IRRIGATION OX
IDATION-PITCH ANAEROBIC AEROBIC TREATMENT LOSSES STORAGE MODEL DISPOSAL
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 126-131,1966
200 66 0153 JORDAN H C
POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANALYSIS ECONOMICS PO
ULTRY-MANURE
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 132-133,1966
\200 66 0154 ALLRED E K
FARM-HASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIDATION-PITCH FAMILY-PARM EOUIPMENT
TRENDS EUROPE
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 133-136.1966
200 66 0155 TIETJEN C
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES FECES SHINE N
ITROGEN FERTILIZER CATTLE URINE DISPOSAL GERMANY PLANT
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 136-140,1966
200 66 0156 SCHELTINGA H M J
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS SWINE COST BOO NITROGEN NITROGEN-BALANCE OXIDATION-DITCH
HOLLAND TREATMENT
PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 140-143,1966
200 66 0438 THOMAS R E SCHWARTZ H A BENDIXEN T W
SOIL CHEMICAL CHANGES AND INFILTRATION RATE REDUCTION UNDER SEWAGE SPREADING KEYWORDS LYSIMETEKS WASTE W
ATER TREATMENT
SOIL SCI SOC OF AM PROC VOL 30 PP641-646 1966
200 66 0587 CARLSON 0 A GUMERMAN R C
HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS DEGRADATION SOIL-BACTERIA ODD
R SOIL-TYPES SULFER-BACTERIA PSEUDOMONAS ELUTION-WATER
PROC 21ST PURDUE INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF EXT SERIES 121 1966 P172-191
200 66 1112 MINER J R BERNARD L R FINA L R LARSON G H LIPPER R I
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNOFF CATTLE FARM-WA
STES RAINFALL-INTENSITY CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES BACTERIA NITROGEN COLIFORM STREPTOCOCCUS LABORATORY-TESTS DA
TA-COLLECTION ANALYSIS
PROCEEDINGS INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE 21ST MAY 3-5 1966 P 834-347 9 TAB 9 FIG 10 REF
26
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200 67 0734 UPPER R I
20(1 67 1243
MINER J R LARSON G H
°?«P^O™D$ FARM" CONFINEMENT-PENS VENTUATION COOLING TEM
ASAE SOUTHWEST REGION MEETING BATON ROUGE LA LSU Pl-14 APRIL 1968
LOEHR R C
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGEME
NT AEROBIC-TREATMENT WATER-POLLUTION MATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL WATER-POLLUTION-TREATMENT SOLID-WASTES LEGA
L-ASPECTS RUNOFF-FORECASTING CATTLE HOGS POULTRY FARM-WASTES MANURE AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF ANAEROBIC-LAGOON
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE MAY 7 8 AND 9 1968 PART ONE PURDUE UNIVERSITY
LAFAYETTE INDIANA P 507-519 5 TAB 2 FIG 21 REF
PROCTOR D E
THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-INOUST
RY ALGAE CATTLE SLURRIES SPRAYING ACTIVATED-SLUDGE MANURE ANAEROBIC-LAGOON AERATED-LAGOON
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RO INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE MAY 7 8 AND 9 1968 PART ONE PURDUE UNIVERSITY
LAFAYETTE INDIANA P 554-566 8 FIG
KRONE R 8
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA VIRUS
ES GROUNOWATER-HOVEMENT MUNICIPAL-WASTES IRRIGATION-HATER ARTIFICIAL-RECHARGE FILTRATION SORPTION 1NFILTR
ATION PERCOLATION SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES MUNICIPAL-WASTE-RECHARG
SYMPOSIUM ON MUNCIPAL SEWAGE EFFLUENT FOR IRRIGATION
LY 30 1968 P 75-104 2 FIG 99 REF
LOUISIANA POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE RUSTON LA JU
DUNLOP S G
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER RECLAIMEO-WATER MUNI
CIPAL-WASTES PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA VIRUSES PARASITISM WASTE-TREATMENT ENVIROMENTAL-SANITATION WASTE-WATER-
IRRIGATION
SYMPOSIUM MUNCIPAL SEWAGE EFFLUENT FOR IRRIGATION LOUISIANA POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE RUSTON LA JU
LY 30 1968 P 107-121 1 TAB 62 REF
TAIGANIDES E P
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT GENERATION PRO
CESSING UTILIZATION COMPOSTING GAS BOD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC DEHYDRATION DISPOSAL
PROC 24TH INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF, PURDUE UNIV P 542-949 1969
ANTON1E R L WELCH f H
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KEYWORDS EQUIPMENT AEROBIC-C
ONOtTIONS AERATION BIOOEGRAOAT10N COO BIOMASS LOADING RATE TREATMENT DAIRY
PROC 24TH INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF, PURDUE UNIV, P 115-126,1969
JONES 0 D CONVERSE J C DAY 0 L
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH TOTAL-SOLIDS BOD 0
PROC CIGR, P 204-211, 1969
JONES D D DAY D L CONVERSE J C
OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS KEYWORDS DO EQUIPME
NT OXIDATION-DITCH ALPHA-FACTOR ODOR MASS-TRANSFER THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS CONFINEMENT
PROC 24TH INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF, PURDUE UNIV, P 542-549,1969
27
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.00 69 0157 LOEHR R C EDITOR
AMMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT Kf.rw.DRDS BQD COD 00 PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION HOOS CAT
TLE FERTILIZER ODORS ECONOMICS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGISLATION COSTS FEEDLOTS AERATION SOILS AEROBIC -CONDITIONS
ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS COKN6LL UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL HASTE MANAGEMENT JAN U
-15 1969 *14 P
200 69 0158 WEINBERGER L H
REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS HATER-QUALITY CQST-bENEf-lT-RAT 10 ENVIRONMENT NATIONAL-POLICY M
ISCONCEPTION
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 1-3 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGO NASTE MGMT
200 69 0159 KING C K
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION—MOM AND IN THE YEARS AHEAD KEYHOROS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-STANDARDS HASTE-D1SPOS
41
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 *-8 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON ASR HASTE MGMT
200 69 0160 BCKNARU H
EFFECTS OF HATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FDR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LEGAL-AS
PECTS BOO COD STANDARDS MUNICIPAL-WASTES FWPCA DISPOSAL-REQUIREMENTS
ANIMAL hASTE MANAGEMENT 1919 9-16 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
200 69 0161 LOEHR R C
THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DOORS HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL-
QUALITY
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 17-22 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGNT
200 69 0162 JONES P H
THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KEYWORDS BOD BIOLOGI
CAL-TREATMENT OXYGEN WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN DOORS CARBON AERATION CUTLOCn TREATMENT
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 23-36 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
200 69 0163 VICKERS A F 6ENETELLI E J
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY A
EROB1C-TREATMENT BOD DO ODOR LOADING-PARAMETER DESIGN SLURRIES
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 JT-*9 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE HGMT
200 69 016* SCMMIO L A LIPPER R I
SHINE HASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION BOO COO METHANE OOOR
FEED-RATION SHINE CHARACTERIZATION
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 50-51 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 69 0165 HELLS D M ALBIN R C GRUB H HHEATOM R Z
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID HASTES FROM CATTLE FtEDVOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT TEMPERATURE NITROGE
N PHOSPHORUS COMPOST1NG-PROCESS AEROBIC-STABILIZATION CATTLE
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 58-62 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE HGMT
20D 69 0166 KOLEGA J J NELSON G L GRAVES 0 B
ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYHORDS EQUATIONS OXYGEN DO MODEL S
TUOIES ROTOR-AERATION OXYGENATION OXIDATION-DITCH
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 63-75 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
200 69 0167 BLOODGOOD D E ROBSON C M
AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYHOR.OS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COD LOADING-RATES KJELDAHL-NI
TROGEN STORAGE DAIRY
ANIMAl HASTE MANAGEMENT 19*9 76-10 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
ZOO 69 0168 CLAYTON J T FENG T H
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LONG RANGE SOLUTION K
EYMORDS BOD EFFLUENTS AEROBIC-TREATMENt ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION NITRATES PH SEDIMENTATION-TANKS VOLATILE-SOL
IDS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 81-17 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AM HASTE HGMT
200 69 0169 SMITH L M GOER ING H K CORDON C H
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYHORDS CATTLE ORCHARD CRASS ALFA
LFA NAOH SODIUM-PEROXIDE FERMENTATION TREATMENTS
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1964 86-97 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH HASTE MGMT
200 69 0170 IONG T A BRATZtER J H FREAR 0 E.H
THE VALUE OF HYDROLYZEO AND DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORDS FEEDS NITROGEN R
AT10NS F£EOLOT-PERFOR*ANCE DIGESTION-COEFFICIENT CARCASS-CHARACTERISTICS POULTRY-HASTE
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 91-10* CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH HASTE HGMT
200 69 0171
*J"™T|(JN5(|e.
THWUSH HASTELAGE FEEDING KEYHOROS FEEDS PERFORMANCES KASTELAGE YEAST-FERMENTATION
MANAGEMENT 1969 IOS-I1J COK«LL UNIV £ONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
200 69 OITZ
200 69 01T3
200 49 0174
,„„ MO|WI€HT FOR UOUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE FIOH-FURROM-COVER METHOD KEYHOROS SLURRIE
S DISPOSAL UTILIZATION POULTRY EQUIPMENT METHOD
ANIMAL HASTg MANAGEMENT 1969 1U-1I* CORNELL UNIV CONF ON *G* WSTE HGMT
MUM
HANOR^jfSJ*J0JR^eT,ON 0F zJ"SD*FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS KEYHORDS FERTILIZERS CORN MICRO
««-"•
UH»
ON MR ««TI MM
PRO»(.eML*I(ET«NLANO DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNOHATER NITRATES NITROGtN-POLLOT
iffCROP-UTlLUATICHPOUUTION-CONTROL PROBLEM DISPOSAL A6R HASU M6HT
ANIMAL NASTI MANAGEMENT !»»» 12«-1JO CORNELL UNIV CONF ON A6R HASTB MGHT
28
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2uO 69 0175
2(10 69 0176
200 69 0177
200 69 0118
200 69 0179
200 69 QUO
200 69 0181
200 69 0182
200 69 0183
200 69 0184
200 69 0185
200 69 0186
200 69 0187
200 69 0188
200 69 0189
200 69 0140
200 69 0191
200 69 0192
TOHNSHEND A K REICHERT K A NOOWELL J H
STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PROVINCE Of ONTARIO K.EY
WORDS LAGOONS POPULATION-EQUIVALENT CONfINEPENT-HOUSING CONCENTRATIONS LAND-DISPOSAL OHIOATION-OITCH POL
LUTIUN-PCITENT1AL CONTROL
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 131-149 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HAST€ MSMT
DALE A C OG1LVIE J R CH1NG A C DOUGLAS M P
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS BOO COD OXIDATION-REDUCTION-?
OTENTlAL ODUR DISPOSAL LAGOONS IRRIGATION SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION
CURNELL UNIV CONF UN AGR HASTE MGMT ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 190-139
JONES D D DAY D L CONVERSE J C
FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATION DITCHES IN CONFINEMENT SHINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXYGEN-DEMAND BOO coo TO
TAL-SOL1DS OXIDATION-DITCHES CONFINEMENT SHINE
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 160-171 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON 1GR HASTE MGMT
MOORE J A LARSON H E ALLREO E R
STUDY OF THE USE OF THE OXIDATION DITCH TO STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COUP CLIMATE KEYWORDS BOD CO
D AIR-TEMPERATURE ROTORS SL4ITED-FLODR OXIDATION-DITCH BEEF COLO-CLIMATE
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 172-177 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
EDWARDS J 8 ROBINSON J B
CHANGES IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE NITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NITROGEN KEYWORDS
NITRIFICATION OENITRIFICATION REDOK-POTENTIAL ROTORS OKIOAT10N-01TCH POULTRY
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 ITS-IS". CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
FOREE G R 0 DELL R A
FARM HASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION DITCHi SETTLING TANK, LAGOON SYST
fM KEYHORDS HOGS DO BOO COO f>H EFFICIENCIES TOTAL.VOLATILE IFIXED SOLIDSOISPOSAL OXIDATION-DITCH
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 185-192 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AG» HASTE MGMT
RAOEMACHER J M RESN1K A V
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTR.OL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION
ALITY-ACT RESEARCH REGULATION FEEDLOT
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 193-202
NORTON T E HINSEN R H
CATTLE FEEDLOT HATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY
FACE-STORAGE FEEDLOT
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 201-216
KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION GROUMWATEK WATER-9U
CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGNT
KEYWORDS HYDROSRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTENSITY BOO RUNOFF SUR
CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
KEYWORD
GRUB W ALBIN R C WELLS 0 M HHEATCN R Z
THE EFFECT UF FEED. DESIGN, *ND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOIOTS
S BOD NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF RATION FEEOLOT-LAYOUT EFFECT DESIGN MANAGEMENT CONTROL
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 217-224 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
LOEHR R C
TREATMENT OF HASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLCTS-F1ELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS BOD COO AMMONI
A NITRATES NITRITES RAINFALL DIGESTION AEROBIC-STABILIZATION INTERMITTENT-LOADING POL ISHING-UNIT TREATMEN
T BEEF
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 225-2*1 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
OS1RANDER C E
HASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS NITROGEN HATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORTALITY DISPOSAL MAN
ASEMENT
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 242-2*4 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
LASALLE R M JR LAUNDER M
MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING CROSS-PROFIT COSTS DEHYDRATION A
NHYDROUS-AMMONIA
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 245-24B CORNELL UNW CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
WALKER J F POS J
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS HITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND L19U1D MANURE STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS ANAERUB1
C AEROBIC BOD MORTALITY FEED-CONVERSION AERATOR POPULATION-EQUIVALENT LAYER OXIDATION-DITCHES STORAGE
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1964 249 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
MEEK A M MERRILL H G PIERCE R A
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE STOR.A
CE ODOR SLATTED-FLOORS POISONOUS-GASES AGITATION FREE-STALL-HOUSING PROBLEMS PRACTICES
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 2S4-2S9 CORNELL UftlV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
SOBEL A T
MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPOR-DILUTION RANKING
THRESHOLO-OOOR-NUMBER OOOR-INTENSITY-INOEX PANEL MEASUREMENT
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 260-270 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
6URNETT U E OONOERO N C
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH OECCMPOS1TION AND ODOR GENERATION
KEYWORDS ODOR-PANEL AEROBIC-BACTERIA ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA AMMONIA HYDROGEN-SULFIDE SULFUR-BACTERIA URIC-AC!
0 OLFACTDRY-THRESHOLD-TEST ODOR-INTENSITY-INDEX THRESHOLD-ODOR-NUMHERS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969.271-291 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE MGMT
GUMERMAN R C CARLSON P A
CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ODOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOIL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIUE SOIL-MOISTURE SOIL-PUTS
R DETENTION-TIME REMOVAL-MECHANISM REACTION-TEMPERATURE REMOVAL
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 292-302 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
EBY H J UILLSQN G 6
POULTRY HOUSE DUST, ODOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL
Y DUST ODOR REMOVAL
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 303-309
KEYHORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAO-FILTEKS CLOGGING PGULtR
CORNELL UNIV CONF Or. AGR WASTE MGMT
29
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2UU 69 0193 WARD J C JEX E M
CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOO PH REDOX-POTENT1AL DISSOLVED-SOLIOS FO
AMING COLLOIDAL-PROPERTIES COAGULATION ACTIVATION-ENERGY VOLATILE-SOLIDS CHARACTERISTICS CATTLE
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 310-326 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH WASTE MGMT
200 69 0194 TAIGANIDES E P WHITE K K
TYPICAL VARIATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS BOD OXYGEN-
DEMAND WARBURG MEASUREMENT
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 327-335 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
MORRISON S M GKANT D W NEV1NS M P ELMUNU G K
ROLE OF EXCRETEU ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS CATTLE BIOOEG
RAOATION ASSAY RESIDUES CHLOROETRACYCLINE
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 336-339 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
EL-SABBAN F F LONG T A GENTRY R F FREAR D E H
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARBOHYDRATES INSULATIO
N VENTILATION MINERALOGY MOISTURE NUTRITIVE-VALUE CORRELATION-ANALYSIS LITTER
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 340-346 CORNELL UNIV CONF.ON AGK HASTE MGMT
SOBEL A T
REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR MOISTURE-CONTENT WEIGHT VOLUME HUMIDITY REMO
200 69 0196
200 69 0197
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 347-362
CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE MGMT
200 69 0198 BINIEK J P
TANOARD" (>ROOUCTION vs ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFFICIENCY ODORS SUALITY-S
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 363-368 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
200 69 0199 OKEY R W RICKLES R N TAYLOR R 6
!S!;*IWE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS CATTLE EFFLUENT
BOD COD ODOR AERATION NITROGEN COST-ANALYSIS ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL CLARIFIER TECHNIQUES
ANIMAL NASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 369-387 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 69 0200 LINTON R E
ISPCSA°NOMICS °F POWLTRY M*NWtE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASH LAND-USE LAND-0
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 388-392 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 69 0201 MCEACHRON L W 2WERMAN P J KEARL C 0 HUSGRAVE R B
ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS ROTATION
S SOIL-TYPES LAND-DISPOSAL CONTINUOUS-CORN ECONOMIC DAIRY
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 393-400 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 69 0202 CASLER G L
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COSTS ODOR VALUE FERTIL
IZER LABOR LIQUID-MANURE DAIRY
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 401-406 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 69 0203 ALLEE D J CLAVEL P
HANISMSULP REGUL*TE POULTItY CONFLICT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ODOR GOVT COMMUNICATION REGULATORY-MEC
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 407-414 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 69 0423 FWPCA
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-DATA NITR4TE BOD RU
NOFF LEGISLATION WATER-QUALITY DISPOSAL STORAGE POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS SEDIMENT GR
ANTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT
USOI FWPCA, MISSOURI BASIN REGION , KANSAS CITY MISSOURI 256 P
200 69 0424 RESNIK A V RADEMACHER J M
ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF-A MAJOR WATER OUALITY CHALLENGE KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOD POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION EUTROPH
2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, USDI FWPCA , PAPER 1
200 69 0425 DAGUE R R
ANIMAL HASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF MANAGEMENT IOWA RE
TENT I ON PROBLEM
2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER 2 14 P
200 69 0426 GRAY M W
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY RECREATION I EGA
L-ASPECTS FEEOLOT MANAGEMENT
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER 3 38 P
200 69 0427 SMITH G E
MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEEDlot WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NUTRIENT CATTLE FERTI
LIZER COSTS MANAGEMENT DISPOSAL
2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USOI-FWPCA, 'PAPER 4 8 P
200 69 0428 LIPPED R I
DESIGN FOR FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD NUTRIENTS
POLLUTANTS DESIGN MANAGEMENT
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA PAPER 6 9 P
200 69 0429 SMITH G E
CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITROGEN HETHEMOGLOBIN LE
ACHING FERTILIZERS
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USOI-FWPCA,PAPER 7 16 P
200 69 0430 NORTON T E HANSEN R W
CATTLE FEEOLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQUID-WASTE PROCEDURE
EQUIPMENT FEEOLOT HYDROLOGY
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER 8 26 P
30
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R03QHN M F
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF HATER POLLUTION' CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT
LAGOONS LESAL-ASPECTS SUGAR-bEETS IRRIGATION SALTS FERTILIZERS PROCESS!NGPROBLEMS
2 ND COMPENDIUM Of ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FHPCA, PAPER 9 L6 P
200 69 0*J3
200 69 0482
200 69 0516
200 49 0517 '
200 69 0518
200 69 0519
200 69 0520
200 69 0521
iOO 69 05Z2
200 69 052}
200 69 0524
200 69 0525
200 69 0526
200 69 0127
200 49 0528
200 69 0529
200 69 0510
ZOO 69 0531
JENSEN £ T
AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF HATER POLLUTION
A RESEARCH SOURCE
2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL MASTE MGMT, USDI-FHPCA
KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LIVESTOCK GRANTS FUPC
PAPER 10 11 P
SMITH T R
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON HATER CUAL1TY
NITROGEN EFFECT
2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL MASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER U
KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOFF PESTICIDES ALGAE
11 P
XlTiEL S A MINSHALL N 6 MCCOY E OLSEN R J CRABTREE K T
THE EFFECTS OF FARM HASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL HATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATEK NUTRIENTS NITRATES MIT
RITES POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS WELLS SUPPLEMENTAL-IRRIGATION FERTILIZERS FISHKILL EUTROPHICATION ALGAL-GROWTH
DEOXYGENATION EFFECTS POLLUTION
ASAE ANNUAL MEETING PAPER NO 69-428 PURDUE U Z*P 1969
UMV OF HISC EXT SER
PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CATTLE HOGS
POULTRY ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL-ASPECTS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION
UNIV EXTENSION THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN NOV 6-7 1969 129 P
BLACK R J KEHft HO
OUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION POPULATION O.UANTITES CHAR.
ACTERISTltS
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND 6Y-PROD MGMT CONF NOV 6-7 l»6» 17-21 UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION
MCCOY E
HEALTH-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS BACTERIA COL1FDRMS ENTEROCOCCI ADSORPTION SILT-LOAM-SOU HEALTH-PRObLEHS
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION P 22-2* NOV 6-7 1969
EVANS 0
AESTHETICS AND ODORS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIDE ANAEBOBIC-CONDITIONS DOOR-THRESHOLD AESTHETICS
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND 8Y-PROP MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION P ZS-Z4 MOV 6-7 1969
ERDMANN A A
DEAD-ANIMALS ANO HOW THEY CONTRIBUTE TO POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS DEAD-ANIMAL-OISPOSAL RENOE
RING-PLANTS POLLUTION
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF
SCHRAUFNAGEL F H
WATER-QUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN
ROBLEMS
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF
BRAY R H
FUTURE-TRENDS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF
WISCONSIN EKUNStQN P 2T-Z9 NOV 6-7 1969
PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FLOW LAND-DISPOSAL
WISCONSIN EXTENSION P JO-J2 NOV 6-T 1949
WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE HOGS ODOR
MlSC EXTENSION P 31-35 NOV 6-7 1969
BEATTY M T KERRIGAN J E PORTER W K
WHAT AND WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-WASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN WISCONSIN KEYWORDS
SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION GEOLOGY SOILS POPULATION WATER-QUALITY WISCONSIN
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF HISC EXTENSION P 24-57 NOV 6-7 1969
8ERGE 0 I BRUNS E G BREVU T J BROOKS LA
CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COSI INVESTMENT STORAGE-
TANKS DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF wise EXTENSION P ss-69-NCv 6-7 1969
BARTH C
ENGINEERING-RESEARCH ON FARM-ANIMAL-MINURE KEYWORDS DOORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-MANAGEMENT RESEARC
H .
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGHT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 70-79 NOV *-7 1969
DUMELLE JO
NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON »NIMAL-WASTE-OISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RESEARCH
PRDC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF HI2C EXTENSION P 60-31 NOV 6-7 1969
KERRIGAN J E . . • - - .--'•''
WATER-RESOURCES-CENTER RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTES AND WATER-QUALITY KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION WISCONSIN R
ESEAftCH
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF. UNIV OF HISC EXTENSION P 82-65 NOV 6-7 1969
SKINNER J
THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS ODOR LAND-USE GOALS POPULATION
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE ANO BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 86-90 NOV 6-7 1969
YANGGEN DA
INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL STATE ANO LOCAL ACTION-PR.OGR.AN& TO SOLVE ANIMAL-WASTE-OISPOSAl PROttLEHS KEYWORDS
GDVI-PROGRANPROGRAMS PROBLEMS
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 91 NOV 6-7 1969
HALL F E ......
THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN FARH-ANIKAL-WASTE ANO THE BY-PRODUCT MAN
AGEMENT KEYWORDS FWPCA WATER-OUAL1TY-STANDARDS MANAGEMENT
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROO MGMT CONF, UNIV CF HISC EXTENSION P 92-9S NOV 6-7 196.9
DENSMORE J . - . •
TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM THE SOU-CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS SCS SUHFACE-RUNOFF
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 96-97 NOV 6-7 1969
31
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iUO lit 0532 HUOVER K H
COST-SHARIN5 UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL-CONSERVATION-PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT WISCONSIN
PKOC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 98-100 NOV 6-7 1969
Hit! 69 0533 FRANCOS T G
THE REGULATORY ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL-RESOURCES KEYWORDS LEGISLATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT WISC
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 101-10* NOV 6-7 19(>9
200 6S 053* TUSS J
COLUMBIA-COUNTY PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUf ION-ABATEMENT ODOR ZONING NITRATES PROGRAM
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE ANU 8Y-PRUO MGMT CONF, UNIV Of- WISC EXTENSION P 10S-107 NOV 6-7 1969
200 69 05J5 JOHNSON J
i*E THE PROBLEMS IN WALHORTH-COUNTY KEYWORDS ZONING LAND-USE REGULATION WATER-POLLUTION EDUCATION
PROBLEMS
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 108-110 NOV 6-7 1969
200 69 0536 VANDEBERG G
ROLE OF UNIVERSITY-EXTENSION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES WATER-POLLUTION ROLE
PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 111-113 NOV 6-7 1969
200 69 0537 VILSTRUP R H
WHEHE 00 WE GO FROM HERE KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF wise EXTENSION P 114-115 NOV 6-* 1969
200 69 0539 US OEPT INT FWPCA
PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS CATTLE HATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOT-POLLUT10N-CONT
ROL ANIMAL-PRODUCTION FEEDLOT-REGULATION
MISSOURI BASIN REGION FWPCA USOI FEBRUARY 1969 40 P
200 69 0540 CLAYTON W
INDUSTRY AND THE EN/1RONMENT-FEEDLQT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOSYSTEMS POLLUTIDN-AB
ATENENT MANAGEMENT
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL ,P5-7, FEB 69
200 69 05*1 JESSEE R S
FEEOLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR CATTLE POLLUTION
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P7-8, FEB69
200 69 0542 RAOEMACHER J M
ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GRQUNDHATER FISH-KILL WELLS OVERVIEW
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED MAT POLL CONTROL, P7-9, FE H 69
200 69 0543 JOSEPH C B '
INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMICS GROUNDWATER RUNO
FF CONTROL
PKOC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P9-10, FEB 69
200 69 0544 BADALICH J P
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MINNESOTA PERMITS IN
VENTORY _
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED" WAT POLL CONTROLf Pll-12, FEB 69
200 69 0545 ROZ1CH F J
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION COLORADO WATER-OUALIT
Y-ACT INVENTORY
PROC ANIMAL WASTE HGMT CONF. FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P12-14, FEB 69
«
200 69 0546 MAYES J L J
THE KANSAS ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WATER-O.UALITY-CONTROL
ODOR PERMITS KANSAS CONTROL PROGRAM
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL , PIS-IT, FEB 69
200 69 0547 0 BRIEN T FILIPI T A
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-
STORAGE CONTROL FEEOLOT RUNOFF
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL ,P18-19. FEB 69
200 69 OS4S EVANS C E
RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS IN NORTHEASTERN C
OLORADO AND EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS NITRATES BOO ODOR RUNOFF AMMONIA RESEARCH MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED HAT POLL CONTROL, P20-22, FEB 69
200 69 0949 MINER J R
THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPHENT CON
TROL
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P23-24. FEB 69
200 69 OS50 TURN6ULL R
HOW TO GAIN PUBLIC SUPPORT KEYWORDS RUNOFF POLLUTION-ABATEMENT CATTLE
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P24-23, FEB 69
200 69 0551 BADALICH J P
MINNESOTA FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULATION ADMINISTRATIVE
-AGENCIES FEEDLOT CONTROL PROGRAM
PROC ANIMAL HASTE MGMT CONF, FED MAT POLL CONTROL, P25-26, FEB 69
200 69 0552 BARKER B
STATUS, PLANS, C NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS REG
ULATION LEGISLATION ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES CATTLE CONTROL PROGRAM SOUTH DAKOTA
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P26, FEB 69
32
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200 69 0593
2UO 69
200 69 0555
200 69 0556
200 69 05S7
200 69 0558
200 69 0559
200 69 0560
200 69 0561
200 69 0562
200 69 0563
200 69 0564
WILLEMS D
STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEULOTS KEYWORDS REOULATIONS POLLUT
ION-ABATEMENT MONTANA S PROGRAM CONTROL FEEOLOTS
PROC ANIMAL HASTE MGMT.CUNF, FED HAT POLL CONTROL. P27, FEB 69
CROCKETT B
MISSOURI S ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT AOMtNI STRATIVE-AGENC I ES CATT
LcMISS-QURIMANAGEMENT
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P27, FEB 69
GRAY M w
STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS REGULATION LEG1SL
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P28, FEB 69
FILIP1 T A
STATUS REPORT-NEbRASKA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF AOMIN I STRAT IVE-AGENC
IES CATTLE CONTROL PROGRAM
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL P29, FEB 69
PETERSON N L
= S PROGRAM T0 CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS REGULATIONS ADMINIS
RUNOFF CATTLE NORTH-DAKOTA 5 PROGRAM CONTROL
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P30, FEB 69
ROZICH F J
COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEY
WORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION CATTLE ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES COLORADO S CONTROL PROGRAM
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P30-31 FEB 69
SCHLIEKELMAN R J
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES CATTLE FEEDLOT CO
NTROL I OWA
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED HAT POLL CONTROL, P31-32. FEB 69
RESNIK A V
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULATION MANAGEMENT
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL. P33-3*, FEB 69
PETERSON N L
^INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE CONFINE
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P34-35 FEB 69
MCNABB C G
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF. FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFINEMENT PENS PROBLEM
PROC ANIMAL HASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P35-36 FEB 69
MATTHEW F L
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUNOFF REGULATION LEG1
SLAT ION PROCEDURE
PROC ANIMAL WASTE NGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P37-38, FEB 69
SCHMID L A
RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BYPRODUCTS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RESEARCH CATTLE
CONTROL
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P38-39, FEB 69
200 69 0565 BERNARD H
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VIEWS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT CATTLE ADMINISTRATIVE
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P*0, FEB 69
200 69 0566 BOOENHAMER S H
DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION POLLUT ION-ABATEMEN
T MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P«0,FEB 69
200 69 0676 MCCALLA T M V1ETS F G JR
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS HUNOFF GROUNOHATER MICROBI
AL BEEF FEEDLOTS
PROCEEDINGS POLLUTION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM MAY 23 1971 2«PP
200 69 0696 ROBBINS J W D KRIZ G J HOWELLS D H
BUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-HATERS DISCHARGE LAGOONS NITRATES PHOSPH
ORUS COLIFORMS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO TOX1CITY ANTIBIOTICS SHINE
ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 63-706 CHICAGO 42P DEC 1969
200 69 0706 MOORE J A BATES D W
HANDLING, STORAGE. AND TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS KEYWORDS STORAGE-TA
NKS DISPOSAL LABOR TREATMENT-FACILITIES SLURRIES STRUCTURAL-DESIGN HANDLING STORAGE TREATMENT DAIRY BEEF
CONFINED
ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 69-935 9P CHICAGO DEC 1969
200 69 0708 BOBBINS J W 0 KRIZ G J HOWELLS D H
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE HASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOD COO TEST-PROCEDURES RUNOFF HAT
ER-OUALITY RUNOFF TOXICITY STABILIZATION CORRELATION-ANALYSIS SHINE
ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 69-928 27P CHICAGO DEC 1969
200 69 0756 JEDELE D G DAY D L
SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FACILITIES SPECIFICATI
ONS MANAGEMENT
ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 69-934 4P CHICAGO DEC 1969
33
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KEYWORDS LAGOONS RUNOFF POLLUTANTS P
ZbO 69 1102 BOPANDIKAR M V
MICROBIOLOGY OF A HASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY OXIDATION-LAGOONS
BACTERIA EFFICIENCIES LAGOONS MICROORGANISMS ORGANIC-LOADING PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA PONDS VIRUSES BACTERIAL-
REMOVAL VIRAL-REMOVAL
ADVANCES IN MATER POLLUTION RESEARCH PROCEEDINGS FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATER POLLUTION RE
SEARCH CZECHOSLOVAKIA APRIL 21-29 1969 7 P 32 REF
200 69 1116 MOORE J A
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADING CATTLE HOGS SH
EEP FARM-WASTES HATER-POLLUTION-SUUKCES WATEK-OUALI TY HASTE-DISPOSAL MINNESOTA NITKOGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASS
IUM AEROBIC-TREATMENT hATER-POLLUTION-CUNTRCL
HATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL WRSC BULLETIN 13 MATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENT
ER UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 1969 f 29-3* 2 TAB
200 69 1117 ANON
r HATEK POLLUTION OY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNUAL MEETING OF MINN
ESOTA CHAPTER SOU CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-EFFE
CTS EUTROPHICATION NUTRIENTS ALGAE FISH-POPULATION HATER-PQLLUTION-CONTROL FARM-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES S
EPTIC-TANKS RECREATION-HASTES WATER-QUALITY
* WRSC BULLETIN 13 MINNESOTA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 1969 79 P
200 69 116T TAIGANIOES E P
AGRICULTURAL HASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION HASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURAL-WASTES SUBSIDY
CHEMICALS CONFINEMENT-PENS MUNICIPAL-WASTES MANAGEMENT URBAN-RURAL-INTERFACE
FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION PROCEEDINGS 24TH ANNUAL MEETING SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA COLORADO
STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS AUG 10-13 1969 P 90-92 2 FIG
200 69 1185 BINIEK J P
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBICIDES HATER-PULL
UTION-CONTROL FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL LIVESTOCK FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-TREATMENT PERCOLATION MANAGEMENT
FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION PROCEEDINGS 24TH ANNUAL MEETING SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA COLORADO
STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS AUG 10 13 1969 P 102-106 1 TAB 10 REF
200 70 005* OORNBUSH J N
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA
OPULAT10N-EOUIVALENTS FEEDLUTS LOCATING CATTLE SOUTH DAKOTA
CROC SOUTH DAKOTA AGR AND WAT QUALITY P 37-46, 1970
200 70 01U BACHE 0 H
SHINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS COSTS STORAGE-CAPACIT
Y OOOR OXIDATION LEGISLATION SLATTED-FLOORS LAND-DISPOSAL
AMERICAN PORK CONFERENCEi PAPER, DES MOINES IA MARCH 3 1970
200 70 0214 SWADER F N
RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COO FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS N P K RUN
OFF EFFLUENT PRECIPITATION FEEDLOTS HATER-POLLUTION
PROCEEDINGS, CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AC WASTE MGMT 1970 270P
200 TO 021! STECKEL J E
MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYMORDS SOIL-WATER LYS1METER PLOW-FURROM-COVER APPLIC
ATION-RATES NUTRIENTS POULTRY
REL OF AG TO SOIL C WATER POLLUTION 1970 P30 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 70 0216 MIELKE L N ELLIS J R SWANSON N P LORIMOR J C MCCALLA T M
GROUNOHATER DUALITY AND FLUCTUATIONS IN A SHALLOW UNCONFINEO AQUIFER UNDER A LEVEL FEEDLOT KEYWORDS NITRAT
E DISCHARGE GROUNOHATER FEEDLOT
REL OF AG TO SOIL C. WATER POLLUTION 1970 P31-40 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 70 0217 HILEMAN L H
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKANSAS KEYWORDS HATE
R-POLLUTION SOIL-TESTS NUTRIENTS SALTS IONS NITRATES POULTRY-LITTER ARKANSAS
REL OF AG TO SOIL L HATER POLLUTION 1970 41-47 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 70 0218 DAY 0 L
REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES WITH IN-THE-BUILOING OXIDATION DITCHES KEYWORDS LAGO
ON BOD ROTORS DENITRIFICATION OXIDATION-DITCH COAGULATION
REL OF AG TO SOIL C, WATER POLLUTION 1970 77-94 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH WASTE MGMT
200 70 0219 OKEY R W RICKLES R N
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORDS CATTLE BIOLOGICAL
-TREATMENT BOO PHOSPHORUS CAPITAL-COSTS INSTALLATION-COSTS INCINERATION DESIGN DISPOSAL
REL OF AG TO SOIL t WATER POLLUTION 1970 85-97 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH WASTE MGMT
200 70 0220 MCKENNA M F CLARK J H
THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEEDER-HOG ENTERPRISES
KEYWORDS STORAGE-CAPACITY FERTILIZERS STORAGE-TANKS VALUE ECONOMICS HANDLING SPREADING HOG
REL OF AG TO SOIL £ WATER POLLUTION 1970 98-110 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 70 0221 OVERMAN A R HORTENSTINE C C WING J M
LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER WATER-POLLUTION SPRINKL
ER-IRRIGATION DISPOSAL DAIRY
REL OF AG TO SOIL t HATER POLLUTION 1970 123-126 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT
200 70 0222 FRINK C *
THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION CORN NITRATE UREA
NITROGEN DAIRY
REL OF AG TO SOIL C HATER POLLUTION 1970 127-133 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 TO 0223 Jj*^5|NJT^ANsFORMATijNS*AND%LANT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT-MASTES T
0 SOIL KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION NITRATE AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE INCUBATION FEEDLOT SOIL
REL Of AG TO SOIL I WATER POLLUTION 1970 207-214 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
34
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200 70 022". SHANSON N P MlELKE L N LORIMOR J C
HYOROLOGIC-STUOIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEOLOTS IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS RUN
OFF EVAPORATION INFILTRATION EROSION MANURE-PACK FEEDLOTS NEBRASKA
REL OF AG TO SOIL i WATER POLLUTION 1970 236-232 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT
200 70 0225 WALKER U R
LEGAL-RESTRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYWORDS ODORS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES LEGISLATION COMMON-
LAM
REL OF AC TO SOIL C WATER POLLUTION 1970 233-241 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGHT
200 70 0226 SCHULTZ D A
A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-HASTES TO SURFACE-WATER POLLUTION
KEYWORDS N f K WATER-QUALITY NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER NUTRIENT-LOSSES METHOD POLLUTION
REL OF AG TO SOU 6 WATER POLLUTION 1170 251-262 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AM HASTE MGNT
200 70 0227 ZWEKMAN f J ORIELSMA A 6 JONES G 0 KLAUSNER S 0 ELLIS D
RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS Of DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROTATIONS FERTILIZER
NTENSITY INFILTRATION DAIRY
REL OF AG TO SOIL t. WATER POLLUTION 1970 263-270 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR H1STE HGMT
200 70 0232 WELLS 0 M GRUB H ALBIN R C MEENAGHAN C F COLEMAN E A
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION CONTROL POLLUT
ION FEEOLOTS
PRESENTED 5TM INTERNATIONAL WATER POLLUTION CONF JULY-AUG 70 PER1AMON PRESS LID SPP. 71
200 70 0234 NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOD COO DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT TREATMENT DISEASE
HEALTH OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHING-GUTTER NUISANCE BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT BUILDINGS POPULATION-EQUIVALENTS LAGO
ONS AERATION TOX1CITY
PRDC OF SYMP, THE INST OF WAT POLLUT CONTR UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE 1970, 1*8 PACES
200 70 0235 JONES K B C RILEY C T
ORIGINS AND NATURE DF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK PLANNING ORIGINS H
ATURE ' ,
PROC OF SYMP FARM HASTES,UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER UP 7-1* 1970
200 70 0236 COWAN D
ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK RIVER-AUTHORITIES
INTENSIVE-FARMNATURE
PROC SVMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 2, P15-18 1970
200 70 0237 BERRYMAN C
THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL FERTILITY KEYHOROS
DISPOSAL SLURRIES COMPOSITION FERTILITY IRRIGATION ANAEROBIC NUTRIENTS PROBLEM DISPOSAL SOIL
PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 3, P 19-23 1970
200 70 0239 VENN J A J
THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIES TDXICITY HEALTH G
ASES PROBLEM
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER *, t 2*-29 1970
200 70 0239 BARTROP T H C
FARM WASTES PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION DISEASE BACTERIA
HEALTH NUISANCE PROBLEMS
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER t, P 33-37 1970
200 70 02*0 FISH H
WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS LEGAL ASPECTS BOD UK
LAW RUNOFF QUALITY SOURCES RIPARIAN-WATER POLLUTION DISPOSAL
PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE. PAPER 6, P 38-»3 1970
200 70 02*1 SIMPSON J R HIBBERD R L
SEWERS AND SEHA6E TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAPITAL-COST UK BOD PO
PUlAT ION-EQUIVALENTS SEWAGE LOADING-RATES MOGOEN-FORMULA
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER It P **-5l 1970
200 70 02*2 BARRETT F
MINIMIZING THE HASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERSE-OSMOSIS AERATION
TREATMENT EQUIPMENT STERILI2ATION ADSORPTION CHLORINATION RECIRCULATED MATER DISPOSAL
PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER », P S7-65 1970
200 70 02*3 RILEY C T
MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOD UK FERTILISERS SLUDGE CHEMICAL PROPER
TIES LAND-USE POULTRY PROBLEMS
PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 4, P 66-72 1970
200 70 02** POINTER C G
MINIMIZING THE HASTE PROBLEM WITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SHINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN FAKROWING C
LEANING
PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 10 P 73-80 1970
200 70 02*5 COOPER M M
MINIMIZING THE HASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT-PENS UK PROBLEM C
ATTLE
PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 11 P 81-83 1970
200 70 02*6 HELLER J B
BUILDING DESIGN KEYwTflOS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STORAGE UK SLATTED-FLO
ORS LIVESTOCK DESIGN
PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 12, P »<.-93 1970
200 70 02*7 GLERUM J C OE JONS APS POHMA H R
BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA COSTS HOUSING D
ESIGN
POOC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPEK 13 P 94-100
35
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200 70 0248 SMITH R J HAZEN T E MINER J R
PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED HASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EOUIPMENT OXIOATION-DITCH FLUSHING-CUTTER SLUR
RIES RECIRCULATED-WATER DESIGN ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 14 P 101-105 1970
200 70 0249 QUICK A J
LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF (-ARM WASTES 1 PLANNING AND CHOICE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EfFECTS MANAGEMENT CO
HPAHISON DISPOSAL STORAGE
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 15 P 110-115 1970
200 70 0250 PAYNE J I
LAND DISPOSAL. ANB STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EOUIPMENT SLURRIES COSTS
IRRIGATION DISPOSAL STORAGE HANDLING DISTRIBUTION
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 16 P 116-121 1970
200 70 0251 ROBINSON K BAXTER S H SAXON J R
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOO COO OXIDATION-DITCH SHINE E
OUIPMENT TREATMENT
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 17 P 122-131 1970
200 70 0252 BAINES S
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METHANE MIXING 600 PH 0
IGESTIDN ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
PROC SYMP FAKM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 18 P 132-137 1970 UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION
200 70 0253 SCHELTINGA H M J POELMA H R
TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES OXIDATION-PITCH PAS
VEER-DITCH AEROBIC-TREATMENT BOD COSTS TREATMENT
PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 19 P 136-148
200 70 0320 N J TASK FORCE
AGRICULTURAL-WASTES IN AN URBAN-ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODUR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARCH-NEEDS PUBLIC-RELA
TIONS
PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 256 P NEH JERSEY ANIMAL WASTE TASK FORCE
200 70 0321 RETRUM R
WASTE-DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION, POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDERING-PLANT ODORS SEWAGE LAGOONS AERATION
COSTS DISPOSAL POULTRY
PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 64-79 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE
200 70 0322 BRADY N C
FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 B9-98 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE
200 70 0323 HERR G H
AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIOUID-HANOLING SHUO MOISTURE-CONTENT RESEARCH
PROC AG HASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRUN SEPT 1970 109-117 NEH JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE
200 70 0324 LOEHR R C
DISPOSAL OF SOLID AGRICULTURAL-WASTES - CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES KEYWORDS RESEARCH-NEEDS RSFEED1NG LAND-0
ISPOSAL DISPOSAL
PROC AG HASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 126-134 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL WASTE TASK FORCE
200 70 0325 REED C H
RECYCLING ANO UTILIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE-HASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS NITROGEN-CYCLE
RECYCLING
PROC AG WASTE IN AN URbAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 135-139 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL WASTE TASK FORCE
200 70 0326 LUKE G W
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT OOOR WASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RESEARCH-NEEDS
PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 140-141 NEH JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE
200 70 0498 WITHEROH J L SCALF M R
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIENT KANSAS SPRINKLER
-IRRIGATION CONTROL FEEOLOTS
ASAE TEX SECTION 6TH ANNUAL MEETING 9P SEPT 1970
200 70 0670 LOEHR R C
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FARM
-MANAGEMENT OXIDATION-PONDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA ANAEROBIC SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS HASTEHATER-TREATMENT RUNOFF F£
RTILIZER NITRATES POULTRY SHINE CATTLE ODORS INCINERATION DRYING PHOSPHOROUS DISPOSAL
PROC OF THE 9TH ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL t HATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING CONF, VANOEKBILT UNIV SCHOOL OF EN
G TECH RPT 22 JUNE * 1970 P 185-198
OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG ABATTOIR HASTEWATER KEYHORD OPERATING-COSTS EFFLUENTS ACTIVATEO-SL
UDGE BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO LABOR PRE-TREATMENT MANAGEMENT INDIANA ANAEROBIC HOG
PROC 25TH INO HASTE CONF, ENG EXT SEK NO 137 PURDUE U PART 2PP612-616 MAY 1970,
200 TO 0698 ^J^c"eJ|STICS ANO EFFECTS"^" CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWO RD FISHKILL OISSCLVEO-UXYGEN DIVERSION-STRUCT
URES SEDIMENTATION BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO ALGAE CONFINEMENT-PENS IMPOUNDMENTS ALGAL-BLOOMS CHARACTER!*
TICS EFFECTS RUNOFF
PROC 25TH INO HASTE CONF PART 2 P855-664 MAY 1970
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASH KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORCED-DRYING OXIDATIO
N-PONDS ODOR RUNOFF POULTRY ECONOMICS INVESTMENT PROBLEMS DISPOSAL
PROC POULTRY H4STE MGMT SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS Pl-5 JUNE 1970
r»iUSBT r r MORGAN N 0 MARTIN R D EBY H J
BIOOEWAMTION OF POULTRY MANURE FROM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVAE PROTEIN BIOOEGRAD
PROCNPOULTRY'HASTE MGMT SEM u GEORGIA ATHENS Pt-12 JUNE 1970
200 70 0715
200 70 0716
36
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200 70 0717 KEIM J K
PpUULTRYNGMMJGEMENTrTATICIN ^ 'T$ REL4TIONSHI" r° WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS 600 SEWER MUNICIPAL-WASTES
PROC POULTRY kASTE MGMT SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS P13-15 JUN 1970
200 70 0718 HAKM C
PROC%GULTRY'>u^rFlMr»?0^uSINrCPLANTS KEYWDK[)S BOO POULTRY BACTERIA INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
PKOC POULTRY WASTE M&MT SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS P16-22 JUN 1970
2C.O 70 0719 WILLIAMS 0 J
LE FERTILIZE^EFEEO?I'O'NG F"°M THE USE °F POULTRV LIT'E« ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE PASTURE POULTRY C»TT
PrfOC POULTRY WASIE MCMf SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS P23 JUNE 1970
'
ioo 70 0727 SHEFFIELD c w KALEEL R T
MoRMwTENw« UKES KE"ORD """""-EFFECTS DENITR.FICATION EUTRO
CANALS MTMn^n™ E^FE^S NAGE-WAT ER NITRATES WATER-MANAGEMENT PEAT PHOSPHATES DIKES
PROC 25TH 1:40 HAST6 CONF PAKT 2 P904-913 MAY 1970
ZOO 70 0728 SHAKT P HCKINNEY R E
S5MM5tN?*S«'l2?mi?!!o sJSSw^^ISM!1 n"KET K£ri*ORD "ROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT AERAT.ON c
ODORLESS PORK v*Te°-SLUDGE 8IDCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEHAND ROTORS ODOR ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS CONCRETE-SLATS
PROC 25TH I NO WASTE CONF, ENG EXT SER NO 137 PURDUE U PART 2PP757-760 MAY 1970
200 70 0737 KOELL1K6R J K MINER J R
^
PROC 25TH IfcO WASTE CONF, ENG EXT SER NO 137 PURDUE 0 PART IPP*7Z-*BO MAY 1970
200 70 0747 OASUE R R
2UO 70 0715 SHEFFIELD C W SEVILLE 8
""KfER-tRj^ON^SBS SUOSURFACE-ORAINS S
TY RETENTION FLORICA ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DAIRY-INDUSTRY 8IOCMEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO 1URBIDI
PROC 25IH IND WASTE CONF PART J P114-9U MAY 1970
200 70 1050 8ERRY P S
TRANSCRIPTS OF THE SPEECHES NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW NOVEMBER 1970 P 183-207
200 70 1053 MIOOAUGH P R
N-SoRCESART, AC»»rn METH°DS FW """T'"6 fECAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTIO
o rc"s-"ISs "«"^""-J»«'""^"^
COMPLETION REPORT OWRR PROJECT A-019-S DAK1 APRIL 1970 1* P
1200 70 111J LOEHR R c SCHULTE 0 0
2l,V2?6ri?L^D SUCK WA5T" KEYWOROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WASTES PILOT-PLANTS
FLOCCULATION DISSOLVED-OXYGEN BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND AEROB
OES.GN-CRITERIA MArHEMAMCAL-MODEL ! S5
"" W*SI6 TRE*™ENT LACOONS KiNS*S tITY MISSOURI JUNE 23-2S 1970 P 2^-258
200 70 111* HART S A
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A SUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LAGOONS ORGANIC-LOA
DING INFILTRATION EVAPORATION PERCOLATION AERATION OXYGENATION DOORS SPR NKLER-IRR CATION AEROBIC-CONDI T I
S«S fN*f«OBIC-CONOITIONS 8IOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT AERifEU-lAGOONS AEROBIC-CONDI TI
1 IA» "5 MF SVMP°SIUK f°" "STE ""TMENT LAGOONS KANSAS CITY MISSOURI JUNE 23-2S 1970 P 320-JJ*
200 70 HIS LOEHR R C
CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS
°
SUPPLY SOURCE AND CONTROL
200 70 1118 LAW JR J P WlTHEROW J L
!AnRyS«i'In, r,A.TIAG,E'lfN? PRO»LE"& IN ARI° REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION-SOU
"in «J5Soi:s^KTi^s?NNro^ii?^ns^EsF^;!^;i??EfSu^^iiTf EVAPORUION SAUNiiy »«"-«*r,sit,s;^i.iS!:
FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION HATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES 13030 UYV t 6» OCT 1970 105 P
200 70 1199 MUEHL1NG A J
JDL?D^L^slw!TnESo,NDGSUOTTEB-FELr^S fARM-AST« "*"*«""< "STE-DISPOSAL HOGS LAGOONS IRR.GAT.ON
IAL R
37
TB|?"loSF "'eWuKl'Sie*!,?!;1!!1,;!""1"- REP°RT 3" °REGON 5t'TE «N«««ITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMEN
-------
200 70 1175 BRINCK C^W^ 0|SPOS4L KEyWUROS WATER-LAW KEGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT HA
MONTANA AGRICULTURE FOCUS ON IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT COLLS&E OF GREAT FALLS DEC 3 * 1970 P 41-43
200 71 0374 QWE K£4N By paLLurluN KEYWUROS ENV1 RONMENT-OUALI TY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING COSTS INDUCEMENTS
PESTICIDES
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FE6 1971 UES KOINES 1-6
200 71 0275 CLUSEN MRS 0
THE CITIZENS-VIEW OF POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT
33RU ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DCS MOINES 7-13
200 71 0276 DOUGLAS P
THE SPORTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TDXICITY BIOLOGICAL-CONCENTRATION
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MCINES 15-22
200 71 0277 STANEK G
THE FARMERS CONCERN KEYWORDS PESTICIDES WATER-POLLUTION PANIC-PUWER MIS-USE RESISTANCE
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES KOINES 23-29
POPULATION GROWTH-RATE SHOULDNT GET ALL THE DLAM6 KEYWORDS FERTILITY CITIES RESOURCES
33RO ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FES 1971 OES KOINES 31-39
POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTkOPH ICAT ION TOXICITY WATER-
SUPPLIES FERTLILZEKS
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FAR* INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES *0-48
200 71 0280 UPHOLT w M
PESTICIDES KEYWORDS DDT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES
33RD ANNUAL. NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 40-48
200 71 0261 TAIGANIDES E P
LIVESTOCK-WASTE KEYWORDS COPROLOGY 8YPROOUCIS PRODUCTION
33RO ANNUAL, NATIONAL F4«M INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES MOINES 57
SEMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHEDS VALUE BENEFITS
33RO ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 67-76
ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTHOL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENV IRONMENTAL-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS CONTROL
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES MOINES 77-85
200 71 0284 COCHRAN ^{J^^.^,.,^,,,,,, KEmRDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONSERVANCY-DISTRICTS I
OWA LEGISLATION
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 87-9}
200 71 0285 POLLUTION-CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO SHOULD MAKE THEM KEYWORDS INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS LEGISLATION CONTROL
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 85-99
200 71 0286 .g^^s FRQM URB4N POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMENT-CELLS MICHIGAN PU
MfMNG CONTROL
33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES MOINES 101-107
200 71 0**0 L||HLJA*pECTS pERUININ(. ^ ENmONMENm REGULATIONS IN PORK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS NUISANCE-LAW ACTUAL-DA
MAGES PUNITIVE-DAMAGES LAWSUITS WATER-POLLUTION ZONING LICENSING PORK-PRODUCTION
AM PORK CONGRESS MARCH 3,1971 OES MOINES IA 103-111
200 71 0*83 MNER^J ^.^^^ ,.„„„,_„ H[TH mIRONMENTAL QUALITY-STANDARDS KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY ODOR POLLUTION
-CONTROL STANDARDS
AM PORK CONGRESS MARCH 3,1971 DES MOINES IA 96-102
200 71 0,63 ELLIOT L F ^"c'uLTuk" KEVliOROS DUST ALLERGENS ODORS "STItlOB SMOKE
PROC EXPLORING NEBRASKA S POLLUTION PROBLEMS SYMPOSIUM ARTICLE NO 31275 APRIL 22 1971
200 7! 0586 «}«E%|eOLOTS AND ALT£RNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LI VESTOCK-.WASTES WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
SEMINAR, CORVALLIS. OREGON JULY 197! P65-76
200 71 0593 HANSEN EH MW|MHgNT KEYWOR05 SUTUTES LAWS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEO. SLATION MANAGEMENT
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MSMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR Pl-205
200 71 OS9* CAMPBELL J P ...iiui HASTES KEYWORDS LAWS PERMITS CDOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULATIONS FERTILIZER EP
IMPROVED CONTROL Or ANlnALWfcSIC* *
JROC^^SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P7-9
^200 71 OS95 OOMINICK 0 0 MD ,HE ENV1RONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION EPA MANAGEMENT
JROC NA? SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 KARRENTON VIR Pll-H
38
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200 71 059e> earn w s
SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEDLDTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA USOA LAMS
P*UC NIT SYM ANI WSSTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P17-1B
iOO 71 0597 SCHtclESOW V F
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN ANDMANAGEKENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF ODOR SUTUTES LAM
S PERMITS FEEULOTS FEDEKAL-WATER.-9UAL1TY-ACI REGULATIONS DESIGN MANAGEMENT
PROC NAT SYN AN I WASTE MG1T SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P19-25
200 71 0598 CONKAC K D
MODEL STATE STATUTE FCK ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATION PERMITS CIVIL-L
AH INSPECTION FEEOLOTS EFFLUENT-STANDARDS CONTROL
PKOC NAT SYM AN I HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTGN VIR P28-32
200 71 0599 OENNISTUUN R H
THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDLOTt HASTE CONTROLi PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES PE
RMITS LAWS LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT U5U6 PERMIT-APPLICATIONS MINNESOTA PROBLEMS
PROC NAT SYH AMI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P33-35
200 71 OtOO GOWDY ft R
STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES LAWS LIVESTOCK FEED
-YAHD-ACT OKLAHOMA PERMITS MANAGEMENT
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P37-39
200 Tl 0601 HEATH M S
PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES LAWS
NORTH CAROLINA CONTROL
PRUC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 KARRENTCN VIR PM.-4J
200 71 06O2 LAMSON L G
STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT VIRGINIA MANAGEMEN
T
FROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTDN VIR P45-47
200 71 0603 BERNARD H DENIT J D ANDERSON 0
EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES AND ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY KEYWORDS TREATMENT CONFINEMENT-PENS
AERATUR DIGESTION-TANKS SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS ZERO-DISCHARGE BIO-FILTER MANAGEMENT
PROC NAT SVM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P69-93
,200 11 01.01, DALE A C
STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY RUNOFF ENV1RONMEN
TAL-SANITATION FERTILIZATION ODORS FIELD-SPREADING TREATMENT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
PROC NAT SVM ANI WASTE MANAGEMENT SEPT Tl WARRENTON VIR P85-9S
200 71 0605 VIETS F G
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF CROUNDWATER-FERTILITY SOIL-PROPERTIES LAND-SPR
6AD ING ZONING CATTLE
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE NGMT SEPT 71 HARRENTOh VIR P9T-105
200 71 0606 LOEHR R C
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY MANAGEMENT
PROC NAT SYH ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT Tl WARRENTON VIR P107-110
200 71 0607 MUEHLING A J
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEMENT-PENS SWINE MANA
GEHENT
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARKENTON VIR Plll-119
ZOO 71 0608 YECK R G &CHLEUSENER P E
RECYCLING OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS REUSE FERTILIZATION NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITROGEN
PROC NAT SVM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P121-127
200 71 0609 TAYLOR J C
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION LEGAL-ASPECTS REFE
EOING POULTRY-LITTER INTER-AGENCY-COOPERATION LIVESTOCK
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MG»T SEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P129-131
200 71 0610 SCHWENGEL F
MATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER KEYWORDS RUNOFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE CONGRESS
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGHT SEPT U WARRENTON VIR P133-13S
200 71 0611 BYER.LY T C
U S D A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMEMT-SUPP
CRTS MATER-RESOURCES-DEVELOPMENT SCS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P139-H1
200 71 0612 SWACKHAMER G L
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS CR.EDI
T LOANS FINANCING ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY F4RH-CR6D!T-SYSTEM ASSISTANCE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P143-HS
200 Tl 0613 MACKENTHUN K M
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ACMIN1STRATIV6-AGENCIES GOV
ERNKENT-SUPfCRTS EPA WATtR-RESOURtES-OEVELCPMNT ASSISTANCE CONTROL
PROC NAT SYM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P147-149
200 71 061". ARMSTRONG A E
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SMALL FIRMS IN SOL
VING PROBLEMS RELATIVE 10 ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS SMA
LL-BUSIN6SS-ADM1NISTRATION PROGRAMS ASSISTANCE DISPOSAL
PROC NAT SYM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P151-152
200 Tl 0615 VATES J C
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION ANO IMPROVEMENT OFIRR1GATIQN SYSTEMS KEYWORDS AOMIN1STMTIVE-A
GENCIES GOVERHKENT-SUPPORTS COMMUNITY DITCHES SCS ASCS ASSISTANCE SVSTEHS
PROC NAT'SYM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P153-1SS
39
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200 71 0616 LAST U G
THE LAKE MENDCJTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS ASCS SCS REAP
P*OC NAT SY« ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 UARRENTON VIR P163-167
ZOO 71 0617 WESLEY R L
THE HOLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES LAGOON
S RE-USE CU-GPEXTENSION-SERV1CE VIRGINIA
PKOC NAT SYM ANI HASTE KC-MT bEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P169-171
200 71 061B MCMUNN E M
COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL ACTION KEYWORDS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY POLITICAL-ASPECTS EDUCAT
ION KNOWLEDGE
ANIMAL nASTE MGMT PKOC NAT SYM ANIMAL WASTE MGMT WARRENTON VIR SEPT 71 P173-175
200 71 0619 ANON
REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS ECONO
MIC-FEAblblLITY EXTENSION-SERVICE EPA
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 UARKENTON VIR P179-135
200 71 0620 ANON
RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPOR
TS REAP USDA
PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE "GMT SEPT 71 UARRENTON VIR P1B7-188
200 71 06*0 PRATT G L JOHNSON 0 W BUCHANAN M L
HANDLING LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING SEPARATION SETTLING BASINS
RUNOFF HANDLING LIVESTOCK
NORTH DAK UNIV REPORTS ON ENVIR OUAL VOL4 N02B P22-24 MAR-APR 71
200 71 0641 BROMEL M C
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTERIOLOGICAL-ANALYSIS N
ORTH-DAKOTA SALMONELLA CLOSTRIDIUM SHIGELLA FISHKILL OXYGEN-DEMAND
NORTH DAKOTA UNIV REPORTS ON ENVIR OUAL VOL4 N02B P60-61 MARCH-APRIL 1971
200 71 0642 SWAOER F M LQEHR R C LAWRENCE J E LUC ING TON 0 C SPLITTS TOSSER 0 f
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS HATER-QUALITY PESTICIDES
SURFACE-RUNOFF 6UTROPHICAT ION WASTE-TREATMENT LIOUIO-WASTE LAND-SPREAD INC
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR HRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1471 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 1-172
200 71 0643 PEDERSON R W
AGRICULTURE S RESPONSIBILITIES IN A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ECOSYSTEMS
AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MGMT P 1-5
200 71 0644 DENIT J D
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1471 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 6 - 11
:200 71 0645 PIMENTEL 0
PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEYWORDS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICALS ECOSYSTEMS CONTK
OL
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON ACR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 12 - 14
(200 71 0646 OGIESBY R T
FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNOFF
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 15 - 19
1200 71 0647 DOWNING D L
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-HASTES HATER-PO
LLUTION PROBLEMS
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 20 - 24
1200 71 0648 LATHHELL 0 J REID H S BOULDIN D R
FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER-REQUIREMENTS CROP-RESPONSE FERTILI
ZATION
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 25 - 35
bOO 71 0649 KLAUSNER S 0 ZWERHAN P J SCOTT T H
LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-RUNOFF EUTROPHlCATIO
N DISPOSAL
AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES ANO GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 36 - 46
200 71 0690 PENDLETON R F DEHEY J E
GUIDELINES FOR MINIMIZING PESTICIDE POLLUTION KEYHOROS PESTICIDE-DRIFT HATER-tlUAL J TV PHYTOTOXICITY
AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES ANO GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 47 - 51
200 71 0651 "{Jj^°"STEEHANOL,NC IN THE UNITED KINGOON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION HASTE-TREATHENT HANDLING UNITED
AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 52 - 53
200 71 0652 LOEHR R C TREATMENT I FUNDAMENTALS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TR EATMENT ANAER081C-BIOOEGRAOATION TREATMENT
AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 5* - 62
40
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JCO 71 G6i3 LOEHR K C
LICUID hASTE TREATMENT II UXIDAIIQN PUNOS AND AERATED LAGOONS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TRtATMENT DISSOLVED-OXYGE
N TREATMENT OX I OAT IC1M-PUNDS LAGOONS
AGRICULTURAL HASTES PKINCIPL6S AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACT1CALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UN1V CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 63 - 71
ZOO 71 0654 LUEHR R C
LIOUID HASTE TREATMENT III THE OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT DISSOLVEO-OXYGEN TREATMENT
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 72 - 78
ZuO 71 06t>5 LAWRENCE A w
ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS METHANE-BACTERIA FARM-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
AiRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PHACT1CALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 79 - 92
200 71 0656 LAWRENCE A W
CHLORINATION OF WASTEHATER EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DISINFECTION WATER-TREATMENT PUBLIC-HEALTH TERTIARY-TREATM
ENT CHLORINATION
W*STES PRINCIPl-ES *N0 GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
2(10 71 06i7 LUOINGTON D C
SOLIDS DESTRUCTION OR SEVERE TREATMENT KEYWORDS INCINERATION SOLID-WASTES CHEMICAL-DEGRADATION
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACMCALSOLUUONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 102 - 106
200 71 0658 SOBEL A T
MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION REMOVAL
MANAGEMENT"1" ««STES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACMCALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
200 Tl 0659 TUTM S J SOLD 6
COMPOSTING KEYWORDS ARTIFICIAL-USE HUMUS AEROBIC-CONDITIONS COMPOSTING
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACMCALSOLUTIONS 1s POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SOIL-INJECTION SOIL-F
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES fOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 130 - 136
200 71 0662 GUEST R W
WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS LIOU1D-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATMENT CONVENTIONAL-HA
NDLING HANDLING ALTERNATIVES
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 137 - 141
200 71 0663 YOUNG R J
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS DISPOSAL-METHODS FEDERAL-
REGULATIONS SYSTEM
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE
MANAGEMENT P 142 - 149
200 71 0664 CROWLEY J W
ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS REGULATIONS WASTE-DIS
POSAL CATTLE HEALTH SAFETY LEGAL ASPECTS PUBLIC-HEALTH-AGENCV
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
* MANAGEMENT P 150-156
200 71 0665 EVERINGHAM R
WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-UISPOSAL-FIELOS SEPTIC-TA'NK ODORS LIOUID W
ASTES MANAGEMENT DAIRY
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 157 - 160
200 71 0666 JOHANSON K J
PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS DUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS SETTLING-BASINS DISP
OSAL DISINFECTION RUN-OFF TREATMENT
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 161 - 166
200 71 0667 RUSSELL P
FOOD PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-LAGOON ACTIVATED-SLUDGE IRRIGATION CHEMICAL-OEGR
AOATION TREATMENT
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE
MANAGEMENT P 167 - 172
200 71 0669 DAY 0 L BRYANT M P JENSEN A H MEISTED S W
ANIMAL AND HUMAN METABOLIC WASTES KEYWORDS BOD PE METABOLIC-WASTES
PROCEEDINGS FIRST AUERTON CONF SPEC PUBL NO 21 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE UNIV OF ILLINOIS P23-25 APML 1
971
200 71 0703 SWANSON N P GILBERTSON C B
FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAMPLING FEEDLOTS RUNO
FF SETTLING-BASIN WEIRS FLOWMETERS MANAGEMENT PROBLEM
ASAE ANNUAL MEETING PAPER NO 71-522 WASH ST U 6P JUNE 1971
41
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ZOO 71 0705
PAINE M I) WITZ J A BUTCHBAKER « F MCCROSKEY J E
A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY WITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS
UDEL-STUDIES ENERGY-TRANSFER METABOLISM NUTRITION SIMULATION-ANALYSIS BEEF
PROC ASAE OKLA SECTION FALL MEETING 21P 1971
BACON C M
MATHEMATICAL-MODELS CATTLE M
200 71 0709 WITHEROW J L SCALF M R
BCEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUTION REGULATIONS CONTROL
RAINFALL FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
EPA WATER OUAL DF-F KERR WAT RES CENTER ADA OKLA 10P 1971
200 71 0733 BUTCHBAKER A f CARTON J £ MAHONEY G W A PAINE M D WETMORE A
ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES CONFINEMtNT-PENS Dl
SPOSAL FARM-LAGOONS WASTE-DISPOSAL COST-COMPARISONS WASTE-STORAGE DESIGN-CRITERIA ALTERNATIVES MANAGEMENT
ASAE SW REG MEETING PAPER NO SWR71-403 SEUUOYAH ST PARK OKLA 20 P 1971
i!00 71 0740
200 71 0762
'200 71 0763
200 71 0764
200 71 0765
200 71 0766
200 71 0767
200 71 0768
200 71 0769
200 71 0770
200 71 0771
200 71 0772
200 71 0773
200 71 0774
200 71 0775
200 71 0776
HULTGREN J P HAZEN T E
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT
RIA TRAINING ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS LIGHT-INTENSITY TEMPERATURE ODOR
ASAE MID-CENT MEETING PAPER NO MC71-101 ST JOSEPH 15P 1971
KEYWORD ANIMAL-BEHAVIOR DESIGN-CRITE
YECK R G
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS OOURS ECONOMICS DRYING RUNOFF CATTLE SWINE P
OULTRY AERATION HYDRAULIC-STRUCTURES AEROBIC-LAGOON ANAEROBIC-TREATMENT
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV Pl-360 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
BAYLEY NED 0
ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUTRIENTS PATHOGENS
WASTE-DISPOSAL ECONOMICS
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1971 P 6-7
KOTTMAN R M GEVER R E
FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-WASTES NUTR IENT-RE8U1REMENTS
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P9-18 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
CATH W S
ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION FED
ERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS PROBLEMS MANAGEMENT
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P21-22 1971
STEWART R E
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY TOWARD URGENT SOCIAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
AIR-POLLUTIONPROBLEMS
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P23-24 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
CURRY N H
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING DESIGN ENGINEERING
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P25-26 mi ASAE PUBLICATION paoc-271
SCHOLZ H G
SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-OI
GESTION SWINE DEHYDRATION DRYING LIQUID-WASTES POULTRY SYSTEMS
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P27-29 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
NORDSTEDT R A BARRE H J TAIGANIDES E P
A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-MODELS MATHEMATICAL-MO
DEL WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL OPTIMIZATION NUTRIENTS STORAGE DISPOSAL
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P30-33 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GROUNOWATER RUNOFF BOD IRR1GAT
ION-SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P34-35 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS CATTLE LITTER FAR
M-WASTES HANDLING CZECHOSLOVAKIA
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P36-38 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
TURNBULL J E HORE F R FELDMAN M
A LAND RECYCLING LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD CLIMATE KEYWORDS
CONFINEMENT-PENS ODOR CATTLE LIQUID-WASTE AIR-POLLUTION SYSTEM COLD-CLIMATE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P39-43 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF°ANDURUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNUFF BOD CO
?ROCT1NTERMS?MUU«STOCKN2ASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P44-47 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
MA'NAGEM'ENT"OF BARNLOT^UNOF^TO' IMPROVE DOWNSTREAML«ATER OUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IKRIGATION CHEMICAL-
ANALYSIS BOO NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS HATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P48-50 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
tuANtnN N P MIELKE L N LOR1MOR J C MCCALLA T M ELLIS J R
TRANSPORT Of POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY, DURATION, AND RECU
RRANCE KEYWORDS RUNOFF FUNGI COLIFORM CROP NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT
™ INTES SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P51-5S 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
C'HA'R'ACTER'ISTICS OF MAN'URIELA>CCUM'ULATIONS IEMOVEO FROM ouTooonlSSSiveo* BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COD
PS6-S9 1,71 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
42
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2UO 71 0777 MORRISON S R LOFGKEEN G P BOND T E
P«OC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P60-61 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0778 MANGES H L SCH»ID L A MUKPHY L 5
PHORUS^CHSPCiAL FEEDLO/"1""0' V"4STES KEVNORDS RUNOFF LAGUON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATION COO NITROGEN PHUS
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P62-65 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0779 BUTCHBAKE; A^F GARTUN j E__ MAHONEY G H A
MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWOKOS FARM-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-DISP
-PFN< KUNOFF PACIFIC-NOKTHHEST MIDHEST SOUTHERN-HIGH-PLAINS SOUTHWEST COMP
SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK
200 71 0780 HEGG R 0 LARSUN R E
IERA"ONE PATIERN °f BEEF C4TTLE ON SUTTED fLMRS "YUOROS FEED-LOTS CONFINEMENT-PENS OXIDATION-LAGOON
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P70-72 1971 ASAfc PUBLICATION PROC-271
2UO 71 0781 SCHULTE D D LOEHM R C
NS4«PTIIONOFASALYSI4R'!'R"TMlNrE4™ENT ""^ KEYHOR()S MODEL 'HOSPHORUS BOD DUCK AERATED-LAGOON WATER-CO
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P73-76 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
WO 71 0782 NOROSIEDT R A BALDHIN L » HORTENSTINE C C
SDLG^UNSEA^^OBSIc"AGOONRNrTR4GENNTDA°U?AIRV """ "**" ^°^ »«I«L«-IRRI6.T,0« LAGOON CATTLE B
PROC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P77-80 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271
200 71 078J BRESSLER G 0 BERGMAN E L
, I0
INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P81-8* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0784 TURNER D 0 PROCTOR D E
NITRSGENC*DlSpSsAL "^ U'SPDS4L SySTE" "YHORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINEMENT-PENS ROTATION
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P85-88 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0785 CARLSON L 5
^mo-GEN'pOT'S MECRyoORG:N?SH!S RECY^LETLE """ KEYM°ROS ^10-WK PHOSPHATES PROTEINS BOD COD
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P89-91 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271
200 71 0786 JONES K B C
^L^Hr^'^H8""--4'"1----"----"- * BASKALLV URBAN sociErv KEYMORDS PUUL
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P92-9* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-Z71
200 71 0787 TAIGANIDES E P STROSHINE R L •
'SoS^OOR "^ 4N'M4L PIIODUCT10N *ND "MESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND COD
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P95-98 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0788 KILLRICH T L MINER J R
LpoiLTK{0:ATER!fofLUTtoNFLAi-1uUsESTOCK ™ ™l™ "^^ "V"°RDS °D°RS "G.L-.SPECTS SW.NE CATTLE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P99-101 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0789 JOHNSON J 8 CONNOR L J
,
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P102-10* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271
200 71 0790 HARTUNG L D HAMMOND E G MINER J R
POujTIo"T12jNr CARB°Nn CO"POUN°S I" A SHINE-BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AIR-
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P105-106 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0791 NOROSTEDT R A TAIGANIOES E P
?R"sia?5ieN*L^K!!SLTU^6rss^u,"*s:e^N?c5TRgtDi"16 OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KE^°ROS ^^ ™*"»™ *
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P107-109 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0792 WHITE R K TAIGANIOES E P COLE G D
nn^HISviSn?IiFinfT^N,OF MAl-OOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOGRAPHY ANA, YTICAL-TE
«T« ?YM lYD;°«N-ION-CONCeNTRATIOM AMHO AERATION SULFUR HYDROCARBON DAIRY
INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE I P110-113 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0793 HILLSON G B
«O'C"?!;T« ?S2R?,!;R?? POULTRY HOL)SES KEYWORDS DOORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AMMONIA CONTROL
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P1U-116 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 079* HASHIMOTO A G tUOINGTON 0 C
?MAUDAT?ESuu>RR?EsFROM CONCENTHATED CHIC«N "ANUKE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN MICROFLORA AMMONIA POULTR
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P117-121 1971
200 71 0795 8ROMEL M LEE Y N BALDWIN B
S-IisiFTpA?6^^*^,*1?0^6515""" TR*NSP" BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAGOON KEYWORDS FAR
» ggi'tKXSS mrM0ATNS^^!D^oS;0Lfu^E^:,E^^GAN1SMS CATTLE E-COLI -^'^-HEALTH-HAZARD R-
PROCEEDIMGS INTERNATIONAL^SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES UHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1971 P 122-1
43
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200 71 0796 MIDOAUGH P R KOUPAL L R PIERCE R I TIEDE J E ZERFAS J M
DIFFERENTIATION UF RUMINAMT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES UF HATER POLLUTION BY USE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA
KEYWOHUS RUNOFF COLIFORM "ICKCORGANISMS STREPTOCOCCUS NITROGEN CATTLE SHEEP GOATS LAGOON
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U PL26-128 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0797 HAMILTON H E ROSS I J aEGIN J J JACKSON S W
GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FEED MICROORGANISMS MICROB1AL
CATTLE GROWTH-RATE HYUROGEN-IUN-CONCF.NTRAT IUN POULTRY
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P129-131 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0798 MCCALLA T M ELLIOTT L F
THE ROLE UF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT UF ANIMAL HASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS PATHOGENI
C-BACTERIA CROPS ODORS NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FEEOLOTS
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P132-13* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 07S9
200 71 0800
200 71 0801
200 71 08U2
200 71 0803
200 71 0804
200 71 0805
200 71 0806
200 71 0807
200 71 0608
200 71 0809
200 71 OS10
200 71 0811
200 71 0812
200 71 0813
200 71 0814
200 71 0815
SEWELL J I
AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS KEYWORDS L IOUID-WASTES PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P135-137 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
GRIMM K LANGENECGER G
MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIOUID AND MANURE KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES PUMP-T
ESTING HANURE-CONSISTANCY MANURE-PUMP METHOD
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P138-141 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
STALEY L M BULLEY N R WINOT T A
PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS CATTLE IRR
IGAT10N BOD ACI01TY POTASSIUM SODIUM-CHLORIDE AMMONIUM CHARACTERISTICS SLURRIES
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P142-U5 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
TAIGANIDES f. P WHITE R K
AUTOMATED HANDLING, TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF BASTE WATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION UNIT K£
YWOROS ODORS OXIDATION-TREATMENT OUST AEROBIC-DIGESTER WASTE-SLUDGE BOO HANDLING RECYCLING
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P146-148 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
SMITH R J HAZEN T E MINER J R
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATED HASTE WATER KEYW
ORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS CUD SETTLING-BASIN SLUDGE HYDRAULIC-TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SWINE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P149-15J 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2T1
JONES E E W1LLSON G B SCHWIESOW W F
IMPROVING WATER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE REMOVAL KEYWORDS SWINE VELOCITY SEOI
MENT-TRANSPORTEFFICIENCY
PRQC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P154-158 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
GALLER W S DAVEY C B
HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING WITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTING CARBON NITROGEN G
REENHDUSES GRAINS CATION-EXCHANGE POULTRY SAWDUST
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P159-162 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
•
WILLSON G B
COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE MAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS COMPOSTING DAIRY
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P163-165 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
ROBBINS J W D KRIZ G J HOUELLS 0 H
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROK FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTION COLIFORH BOD COO TOTAl-0
RGANIC-CARBON OUAL1TY PRODUCTION
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P166-169 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
MINER J R WOOTEN J H DODD J 0
WATER HYACINTHS TO FURTHER TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS AEROBIC-LAGOON OXIDATION-LAGOON NITR
OGEN PHOSPHORUS COO HYACINTHS TREAT
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P1TO-173 1971 ASAE PUBLICATigN PROC-271
ELMUND G K MORRISON S M GRANT 0 W
ENZYME FACILITATED MICROblAL DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOTHANURE KEYWORDS BOD AKINO-ACID HICRDBI AL-U.EG
RAOAT10N ENZYME DECOMPOSITION
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P174-17S 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
TAIGANIDES E P WHITE R K STROSHINE R L
WATER AND SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN BOO WASTE-TREATMENT SOI
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P176-179 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
BOO ANALYSIS OF SWINE HASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBIOTICS SEWAGE LAGOON
PROCNINTER SYlTuVESTOCK HASTES. OHIO STATE U P1BO-182 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
MEYER R C HINDS F C ISAACSON H R HINESLY TO.
PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES SWINE SLUDGE-DIGESTION ENTS
PROCU|NTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P183-18* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING OF MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT ODOR DRYING
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P185-189 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
UYROLVSIS OF LIVESTOCK'SASTE" KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS POULTRY SWINE ODOR
WA^'oHIO STATE U ,1.0-1*1 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
BOYD J S
ZINDEL H C
T C SHEPPARD C C
POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY
INTER ™i5 LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U PH2-19* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271
FIEGAL C J
44
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iOO 71 0816 MURR5S W H M
ECONOMICS OF UAST6 DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS FERTILIZERS NUTRIEN
TS. ECONOmC-F£ASI8ILlTY CONFINEMENT
P*CC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK HASTES. OHIO STATE U P195-196 1971 A$*E PUULICATION PROC-271
2UO 71 0817 JORDAN H C
MARKETING CUWERT6D POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALUE BY-PRODUCTS CDMPO
STING
PKOC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P197-198 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0816 J HOBGOOD P
DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS OEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-PRODUCTION CROP-RESP
ONSE TRENCHES DISPOSAL
PROC INTER SYM LWEStCCK. WASTES, OHIO STATE U P2JS-238 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0829 MCCASKEY T A ROLLINS G H LITTLE J A
WATER OUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID. AND DRY DAIRY HASTE KEYWORDS WA
STE-WATER WATER-QUALITY CATTLE ODOR BOD AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF DISPOSAL
PROC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P239-2*2 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0330 AORIANO D C PRATT P F BISHOP S E
FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF H AND SALT FROM LANO-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS NITRATES LEACHING
AMMONIA SALTS DEVITRIFICATION CHLORIDES CATTLE DISPOSAL
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P2<>3-?»6 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0831 H1LEMAN L H
EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOU CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTI
LJZATION CROP-RESPONSE SALINITY EFFECT PROPERTIES
PROC INTER if* LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U PZ*7-2*8 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PKOC-271
200 71 0832 CONCANNON T J CENETELL1 t J
GROUNOWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SALINITY FERTILUATIO
N SAMPLING BIOINDICATORS GROUNDWATER
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P249-2J3 1971 ASAE CUbLICATION PROC-271
300 Tl 0933 HENSLER R F ERHAROT W H WALSH L M
EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
S CATTLE EFFECT SYSTEMS CYCLING
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P25*-257 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 083* BARTLETT H 0 MARRIOTT L F
SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL UF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD HASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION NASTE-STORAGE ANALYSIS CATTLE
DISPOSAL LIQUID
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P258-260 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2J1
45
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200 71 0635 STEUAHT T 4 HCILWAIN R
AEROBIC STORAGE OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD AERATION AEROBIC-CONDITIONS HASTE-ASS1HILATIVE-CAPAC1TY POULTR
Y WASTE-STORAGE STORAGE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P261-262 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0836 DIESCH S L POMEKOY b S ALLIED € R
SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEPTOSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWOKD PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA AERATION
CATTLE AERualC-CONDITIUNS «ASTE-STORAGE OK[CAT[ON-DITCH DETECTION LEPKSPIRES
PSOC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE (j P2A3-266 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRClC-271
200 71 0837 CONVERSE J C ' DAY D L PFEFFER J T JONES B A
AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIOUID SHINE MANURE SYSTEMS KEYWORD BIOOEGRADAT
ION HVDROCEN-SULFIOC ORGANIC-ACIDS OX[0*TION-REDOCT[ON-POTENTI*LS CONTROL ODORS LIOUID SHINE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIU STATE U P267-271 1971 A$AE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0838 CHANG A c DALE A c BELL J »
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFI CATION OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES KEYWORD NITR
IF1CATION NITROGEN-CYCLE DIGESTION DEN 1 TR.IF IC1TION D«IRY
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P2T2-27* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0639 TEN HAVE P
AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN OF FARM WASTE KEYWORD DEN1TRIF1CATION ACTIVATED-SLUDGE COSTS SLURRY AER091
C
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P2T5-27B 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 08*0 BARTH C L POLKOWSKI L B
LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, AERATION-CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FARM-LAGOONS SLURRY
AERATION STROAGE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P279-2S2 l»?l ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0841 OGILVIE J R DALE A C
SHORT TERM AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FGR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION HASTE-STORAG
E CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANU AERATION OAR1Y
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P283-2B5 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2T1
200 71 oe*2 WESLEY R L HALE E B PORTER H C
THE USE OF OXIDATION PONDS FOR POULTRY PROCESSING WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-HASTES ODOR POULIRY
DISPOSAL
PROC INTER SYN LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE L, P286-2B7 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271
200 71 08*3 HILL 0 T SMITH R E
ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE 1IME FOR AEROBIC WASTE OtSESTORS KEYWORD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AMEOCBIC-OIGE5TION L
At-TIME B10CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEHANO TIME-CONSTANT
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P288-290 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 OS** TAYLOR J C
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES LEGISLATION
HfOUUlOHY RECYCLED
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P291-292 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 OB*S ANTHONY W B
CATTLE MANURE AS FEED FOR CATTLE KEYWORD RECYCLING ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY MICROORGANISMS NEHATOOES FEEOLOTS WA
SFELAGE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, UH10 STATE U C29J-296 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 08*6 BULL L S REID J T
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POULTRY ANIMAL-PATHUL
OGY COLIFORMS NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS COSTS AIR-DRIED-CHICKEN-MANURE-ADM
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT ANO POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1971 P 297-300 7 TAB U REF
200 71 08*7 FONTENOT J P WEBB K E HARMON B W TUCKER R E MOORE W E
STUDIES OP PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYC
LING CATTLE NUTRI TICNAL-REOUIREMENTS 4N1MA(.-PATHOLDGV VALUE BBOI LEH-L 1TTER
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P301-30* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2TI
200 71 08*8 FLECAL C J llNOfl H C
DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE DPW AS A FEEDSTUFF IN POULTRY RATIONS KEYWORD RECYCLING NUTRITIONAL-REOUIRCHE
NTS DEHYDRATED-POULTRY-WASTE
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P304-307 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 08*9 BUCHOLT2 H F HENDERSON M E THOMAS J W ZINDEL H C
DRIED ANIMAL WASTE AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FDR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYCLING POULTRY NUTRITIONAL-REOU1REME
NTS PROTEIN-SUPPLEMENT
PROC INTER SVM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P30I-310 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2M
200 71 0850
200 71 9891
ZOO 71 0852
200 Tl OIS3
HOOGETTS B
THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN THE FEED QF LAYING HENS KEYWORD RECYCLING COSTS DRYING
RESPONSE IRRIGATION DAIRY
PROC INTER SVM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P311-J13 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
SMITH L H GOER ING H K GORDON C H
NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECV
CLINO DRYING CATTLE SHEEP NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS CHfMlCAL-OEGRAOATION LIGNINS CELLULOSE WOOO-MASTEi
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1471 P )l*-31* 8 TAB S REF
CALVERT C C MORGAN N 0 EB.Y H J
BIODEGRADED HEN MANUHE AND ADULT HOUSE FLIES THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO THE SHOWING CHICK KEYWORD RECYC
LING INSECTS LARVAE DRYING NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P319-32D 1471 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271
WILKINSON S It STUEOEMANN J A WILLIAMS 0 J JONES J 6 OAWSOM ft H
RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL MIES AND EVIDENCE OF tftf COW HEALTH P
RUBLEMS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS RECYCLING BROILER UTTER FESCUE-PASTURE
PROC^INTER SYMLUVESTCCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P121-32* 1971 ASAf PUBLICATION PROC-271
-------
2(10 71 085* GOODRICH P K MONKE E J
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHUSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMOVAL SPRINKLER-IRRIG
4TIUN LEACHING CLAY-LOAM PHOSPHORUS-RADI 01 SO TOPES MOVEMENT
PROC INTEK SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P325-3Z8 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-Z7I
200 71 0655 KOELLIKER J K MINER J R BEER C E HAZEN T E
TrtEATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOUN EFFLUENT BY SOIL FILTRATION KEYWORD ANAEROfl[C-LAGOON-EFFLUENT TREATMENT S
OIL-FILTRAflON
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P329-J33 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 08S4 OVERMAN A R HOUTENSTINE C C KING J H
GKOWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY HASTES KEYWORD FERTILIZERS SLURRY NUTR1E
NT-REMOVAL LEACHING CROP RESPONSE
PKOC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P334-337 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRQC-271
200 71 0857 LAKSEN V AXLEY J H
NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FILTER AMMONIA LEACHING
SEWAGE-DISPOSAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE li P338-340 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271
200 71 0858 GRAVES R E CLAYTON J T LIGHT R G
RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT Of DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD SLURRY
SCREENS AERATION RECYCLING COLIFORMS TRANSPORT
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P3«l-3»* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0899 CLERUM J C SLUMP G POELNA H R
THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PARTS OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SEDIMENTATION OEwATERING
SEPERATION PIG
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P3<>S-3*7 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 0860 ROSS I J BEGIN J J MIDDEN T M
DEHATER1NG POULTRY MANURE BY CENTRIFUGATION KEYWORD CENTRIFUGAT10N OEWATEH1NG POULTRY MANURE WASHING
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P348-3SO 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRQC-271
200 71 0861 HOLMES L M DAY 0 L PFEFFER J T
CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEQUS SOLIDS FROH. OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIOUOR KEYWORD RECYCLING CENTRIFUSATIQN
HOGS NUTRIENTS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROTEINS AERATION OXIDATION-DITCH
PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P351-35* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271
200 71 1033 FARRELL J »
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FARM-ANINALS UREA A
CTIVATED-CARBON CHLOR1NAT10N DSN1TRIF1CATION INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT AIR-POLLUIION NITRIC-AGIO
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON NITROGEN IN SOIL AND WATER HESPELER ONTARIO CANADA MARCH 30-31 1971 14 f
3 TAB 2 FIG 13 REF
200 71 1094 BORDEAUX JR A F
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUt ION—iOCIO-ECONOH1C ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION. ECONOMICS SURFACE-MATERS TECH
NOLOGY FERTILIZERS CONSERVATION INSECTICIDES FARM-WASTES NITRATES FARM-PRICES COSTS WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER
-TREATMENT DDT REGULATION KENTUCKY AGRICULTURE
PRESENTED AT THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL CONFERENCE IWWERSllY OF KENTUCKY LEXINGTON JAN 5-7 1171 .
P 1-T 6 REF
ZOO 71 103* OOROUGM H «
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE KENTUCKY RUNOFF
FARM-WASTES SURFACE-WATERS INSECTICIDES TOXICITY SOILS OAIRY-INOUSTRY EROSION FERTILIZERS LIVESTOCK AIR
-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SEDIMENTATION TOBACCO-INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY
PRESENTED AT THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL CONFERENCE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEXINGTON JAN 5-7 1971
P 8-13
200 71 1096 BARFIELD 8 J HAMILTON H E ROSS I J
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS OEHYORAlION LAND-USE PROIEtNS EROSION TECHNOLOGY WASTE-DISPOSAL
LAGOONS KENTUCKY INSECTICIDES ODOR LIVESTOCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WASTES AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION COMPOSTING MICROBUL-OISPOSAL
PRESENTED AT THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL CONFERENCE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEXINGTON JAN 5-1 19TI
P B-13
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL KA
STES PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CONFERENCES PUBLIC-HEALTH RIVERS SEWAGE BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND SOLID-HASTES AM
MONIA NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS NITRATES PHOSPHATES SLUDGE-TREATMENT DISSOLVED-OXYGEN BACTERIA FUNGI PROTOZOA FER
MENTATION BACTERIOPHAGE NUTRIENTS FUTERS-EOUIPMENT OXIDATION LAKES WISCONSIN ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ALGAE EU
TROPHICATION BtOOEGRADATION PLASTICS PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS
LIVERPOOL JULY 13-15 1971 12 P U REF
200 Tl 123*. TOETt 0 M
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS WATER-P
OLLUTION-EFFECTS FARM-WASTES OKLAHOMA CYANOPHYTA CHLORELLA IONS PHYTOPLANKTON NITRATES NITROGEN-FIXATION A
LGAE CONDUCTIVITY CHLOROPHYLL PIGMENTS DISPERSION RUNOFF HEDLOTS LEHNA
PROCEEDINGS OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE VOL SI 1971 P 30-35 2 TAB 4 FIG 11 REF
200 71 1252 DAVES J H LARSON T E HARMESON R H
NITRATE POLLUTION OF HATER KEYWORDS WATER'POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDHATER SURFACE-WATERS NITROGEN-COMPOUND
S ILLINOIS HYDftOLOGIC-CYCLE FERTILIZERS INDUSTRIAL-HASTES DECOHPOS1NG-ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-WASTES OOMEST
IC-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRECIPITATION-ATMOSPHERIC WATER-QUALITY CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS SOILS SOIL-HATER SEEPAGE SOR
PTION CROPS NITRATES
FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION PROCEEDINGS 24TH ANNUAL MEETING SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA COLORADO
STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS AUG 10 13 1969 P 94-102 6 TAB 8 FIG 6 REF
200 T2 1010 GILBERTSON C 6 ET AL
. PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT AIR-PO
LLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-DISPOSAL RUNOFF FEED-LOTS
NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCOLN
NOV 29-30 1972 133 P 2 TAB 98 REF
47
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200 72 1011
200 72 1012
200 72 1013
200 72 1014
200 72 1013
200 72 10 it
200 72 1017
200 72
200 72 1019
200 72 1020
200 72 1021
200 72 1022
200 72 1023
200 72 1024
YECK R C
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDWATER RECYCLING LIVESTOC
K AIR-POLLUTION WATEK-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION RUNOFF HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-TREATMENT ODOR NEBRASKA LI
VESTOCK-HASTE-HANAGEMENT-RESEARCH
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 5-10
KLE1S K H
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYHOROS RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES MANA
GEMEMT AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-STORAGE' HASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING NITROGEN NUTR
IENTS CONFINEMENT-PENS SOIL US-DEPARTMENT-CF-AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 11-15 1 TAB
ELLIOTT L f
POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOU.-CONTAMINATION F
ARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS ODOR SURFACE-WATERS GROUNDWATER LIVESTOCK SPECTROSCOPY CHROMATOGRAPHY NITRATES OX10AT
ION SOIL-PROFILES NEBRASKA KANSAS ' _
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 23-28 28 REF '
WITTMUSS H
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT FARM-HAS
TES LIVESTOCK FEED-LOTS RUNUFF IRRIGATION NITRATES NEBRASKA KANSAS NORTH-DAKOTA MOUNDING
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
IN NOV 29-30 19T2 P 31-35
N1ENABER J A
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL .SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF DRAINAGE FL
UMES TERRACING NEBRASKA RUNOFF-CONTROL-SYSTEM DEBRIS-BASIN HOLDING-POND DISPOSAL-AREA
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW ' NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 39-45 18 REF
ELLIS J K • .
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL HASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-HASTES RUNOFF THERMAL-PROPERTIES
. NUTRIENTS NITRATES PHOSPHORUS AMMONIA PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA WATER-POLLUTION PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-P
ROPERT1ES BIOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES ANIMAL-PARASITES APINO-ACIDS WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTION-POTENTIAL HASTE-MA
NAGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR1 CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 49-53 29 NREF
FARLIN S
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT NUTRITION NEBRASK
A MISSOURI IOWA MINNESOTA GAINS ANIMAL-PERFORMANCE MOUNDING COLO WARM-SLOT-HOUSING
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO.
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 57-59 5 REF
OLSON E A
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NEBRASKA ECONOMICS OXIOAT1
ON-LAGOONS HOGS WASTE-DISPOSAL VENTILATION FARM-HASTES OOOR FEED-LOTS CATTLE HOGS INLETS-WATERWAYS NEBRA
SKA-LIVESTOCK-FEEDERS-ASSOCIATION OEPARTMENT-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL VOLUNTARY-WASTE-CONTROL REGULATORY-
WASTE-CONTR'OL REGULATORY-WASTE-CONTROL AMERICAN-SOIL-CONSERVATION-SOCIETY
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 63-66
KREJCI H
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES
RUNOFF ODOR CATTLE HOGS LAGOONS SURFACE-HATERS NEBRASKA AIR-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS AGRICULTURAL-RESEARC
H-SERVICE OEPARTMENT-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REPORT NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION kINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 69-71
MCCALLA T M SCHUMAN G E
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION F
'EEC-LOTS OOOR RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES NITRATES GROUNOW
ATER ABANDONED-FEEOLOT-RECLAMATION
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION
NOV 29-30 1972 P 75-79
CROSS 0 E
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYHOROS fARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R
ECYCLING WATER-POLLUTION APPLICATION-METHODS IRRIGATION SOIL-MANAGEMENT PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-PRO
PERTIES RUNOFF GROUNOWATER EFFLUENTS NITRATES CENTRIFUGATION CONDUCTIVITY PHYTOTOXICITY CATTLE HENS TURKE
YS MlCRONUTRIENTS
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 83-89 14 REF
SHANSON N P •
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FEED-LOT H
ASTE-DISPOSAL NEBRASKA FARM-HASTES POLLUTANTS CATTLE GRAVITY IRRIGATION RUNOFF EFFLUENTS INFILTRATION EN
VIRONNENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY UNIVERSITY-OF-NEBRASKA-FI ELD-LABORATORY SOIL-CONSERVATION-SERVICE BUFFER-STR
IPS FIELD-DISPOSAL MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARCH-CENTER •>••'• •
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT!RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN ' NOV 29-30 1972 P 93-97 4 REF :
GUBERTsoN c e ,.-..-
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-PROPERTl
ES FEED-LOTS COL I FORMS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA LAGOONS MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL DEGRADATION RUNOFF CATTLE C
ATONIC-NUTRIENTS MOUNDING MICROBIAL-PROPERTIES
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 101-103 29 REF ' ,
BOND T E
HASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF1 HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASKA RECYCLING PQLLU
TANTS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS NUTRIENTS OXIDATION WASTE-TREATMENT TRANSPORTATION
HOUSED-CONFINEMENT MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARCH'-CENTER '
PROCEEDINGS : LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUCIN EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 107-110 1 TAB '
48
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200 72 102S SPLINTER W E
OTHER RESEAKCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING CONFINEMEN
T-PENS AQUATIC-ANIMALS HOGS CATTLE FILTERS NEBRASKA PAUNCH-MANURE HORSES
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LU NOV 29-30 1972 P 113-114
iOO 72 1026 K1NNEY JR T B
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RESEARCH
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LM NOV 29-30 1972 P 117-119
200 72 1027 TEETER H M
HCGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS PHOGRAM-PLANNING-KEVIEH
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
IM NOV 29-30 1972 P 121-124
200 72 1028
200 72 1029
200 72 1030
2UO 72-1054
200 72 1089
200 72 110U
200 72 1152
200 73 1062
200 73 1062
200 73 1063
200 73 1093
200 73 1189
300 1077
GREGORY KEITH I
AREA DIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARCH-CENTEK AKRICULT
URAL-RE SEARCH-SERVICE
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 125-126
OTTOSON HOWARD W
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOUS MARKETING WASTE-DISPOSAL ODOR
FEED-LOTS CONFINEMENT-PENS NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL-RS5EARCH-SERVICE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY LAND-AP
PLICATION
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO
I.N NOV 29-30 1972 P 127-129
JONES R W SLONEKER J H INGLETT G E
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL fEEO FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-LOTS WASTfc-OISPOSA
L AMINO-ACIDS PROTEINS FILTRATION CENTRIFUGATION ILLINOIS FRACTIONATING
PROCEEDINGS 18TH ANNUAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES P 267-269 3 TAB 17 REF
MCGHEE T TORRENS R L
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FE6DLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT FARM-WASTES
FEED-LOTS CATTLE WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMA
NO SEWAGE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATMENT
PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 16TH ANNUAL GREAT PLAINS WASTE WATER DESIGN CONFERENCE OMAH4 NEBRASKA MARCH 28 1972
UPS TAB 4 FIG 13 REF
PAY I) L HARMON B G
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AER08ICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS RECYCLING FEEDS SWINE FARM-WAST
ES AEROBIC-CONDITIONS WATER NUTRIENTS OXIDATION-LAGOONS PROTEINS ODOR-CONTROL RATS WASTE-MANAGEMENT
PAPER NO 72-954 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15
1972 10 P 7 TAB 5 FIG 21 REF
SEWELL J I ALPHIN J M .
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON THE OUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY FEEDLOTS LAGGO
NS TENNESSEE FARM-WASTES ON-SITE-INVESTIGATIONS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES LAND-USE NITRATES PHOSPHATES DISS
OLVED-OXYGEN COLIFORMS BACTERIA
PAPER PRESENTED AT SOUTHEAST REGION MEETING CF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS AND SOUTHERN
SECTION SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA RICHMOND VIRGINIA FEB 14 1972 8 P J TAB 7 REF
MAHONEY G W A BUTCHBAKER A F FRYHEAR J I
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FALL WINTER PERIOD K
EYWOROS CATTLE WINDBREAKS OXIDATION-LAGOONS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT FARM-WASTES PRODUCTIVITY FEEDS CROWOIN
G SLOTTED-FLOORS WEIGHT-GAIN
PAPER NO 72-426 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 65TH ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-30 1972 18 P 1 TAB i fIG 6 REF
FERRELL C L GARRETT W N
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CALCIUM NUTRIENT-REO
UIREMENTS WASTE-DISPOSAL CALIFORNIA RATION DIGESTION-STALLS FORCEO-AIR-OVENS 0ICESTIBILJTY
PROCEEDINGS WESTERN SECTION AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 24 1973 P 415-419 5 TAB i REF
PARKER H W ALBUS JR C J SMITH G L
COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS CATTLE FEEOLOTS W
ASTE-OISPOSAL RECYCLING ELECTRICITY FARM-WASTES GASES FUELS FERTILIZERS BY-PRODUCTS SODIUM-CHLORIDE PYROLY
SIS MUNICIPAL-WASTES RETORT CHAR POLLUTION-ABATEMENT
PAPER 43 B-RV AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 74TH NATIONAL MEETING NEW ORLEANS MARCH 12 197
3 4 TAB 5 FIG 17 REF
MASSie JR J R PARKER H W
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STtDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING SOL
ID-WASTES OXIDATION TEMPERATURE ENERGY BY-PRODUCTS ECONOMICS TEXAS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION DRYING
PYROLYSIS CONTINUOUS-REFUSE-RETORT MUNICIPAL-REFUSE AGKICULTURAL-CROP-WASTES CHAR-PRODUCT FUEL
PAPER NU 43A AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 74TH NATIONAL MEETING NEW ORLEANS MARCH 12-15
1973 31 P 12 FIG 3 REF
SM1TH L M CALVERT C C MENEAR J R
DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FDR.SHEEP KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ARSENIC SHEEP NIT
ROSEN FEEDS GROWTH NUTRITION CHEMICAL-CKOPERTIES RECYCLINS POULTRY-MANURE-SUPPLEMENTEO-DIETS FEEU-ADOITIV
ES DIGESTIBILITY SOYGEAN-OIL-MEAL
PROCEEDINGS 1973 MARYLAND NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND THE M
ARYLAND FEED INDUSTRY INCORPORATED AND THE AMERICAN FEED MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION MARCH 1S-16 1973 P 3
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS CATTIE
NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SILAGE MISSOURI MONTANA
MONTANA AGRICULTURE FOCUS ON IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT
COLLEGE OF GREAT FALLS DEC 3 4 1970 P 44-46
STEWART B A MATHERS A C
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FEED-LO
TS FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION CATTLE NITRATES POLLUTANTS SOIL-PROFILES WASTE-DISPOSAL
WATER SALT LEACHING SOIL-CONDITIONS CROPLANDS
CONTRIBUTION FROM SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION RESEARCH DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE US DEPA
RTMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN COOPERATION WITH THE TEXAS AGRICULTURAL
49-
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HOb /UON
Ii?MA^ , c?Ec*!t ION UF FEEOLDTS DWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUT ION-CONTROL WASTE-OIS
STiNDiRns llPF-Ii? Bl^S! "'"-POLLUTION-SOURCES WATER-POLICY AUMIN 1StRATIVE-AGENCIES REGU
CTS WA"E-UISPOSAL FARM-WASTESUTION'mtEMENT ADMINISTRATION CATTLE POULTRY WATER-FOWL ANI
NEBRASKA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL COUNCIL LINCOLN 2 P
300 24 1204 ANONYMOUS
l^TL^OH.o'ctAp-p^r"1^^'' '""""-..GMT »"« FARM-WASTE*1
300 30 1205 ANONYMOUS
SPRING WATER 8Y CATTLE KEYWORDS TENNESSEE WATER-POLLU
RIPARIAN-RIGHTS WATER-flUALITY SPRING-WATERS SPRINGS LEGA
"EMEDIES RELATIV£-RIGHTS
300 46 1207 ANONYMOUS
ST>ESLIMPURES°WATFRT,/*STES KEVMORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
STES IMI>t"OS«I- FARM-WASTES DECOMPOSING-ORGANIC-MATTE
UUilRY DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS NUISANCE-WATER-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS P
303 KENTUCKY 207 197 SW 20 254-261 1946
300 49 1210 HABEEB W R
REATION BOATING SWIMMING FSH
49 ALR 20 253-314
™,?? ; STREAM KE¥V(ORDS J^ICUL-DECISIONS DAMAGES WATER-POU
°EPRECI4TION ECONOMIC-RENT WATER-UTILIZATION ODOR TREES CROPS REC
300 53 1206 ANONYMOUS
ENTLpUBL'lC-HEALTH*WASTIEr'l'NDSlTR^l"AWA?e "ATER-POLLUTION STREAMS WATER-POILUT ION-SOURCES POLLUTION-ABATEM
DICIAL-DECISION WATER-SUPPLY wnr J Llrco nn., l"*TEft*ou»1-''Y CHEMCONTROL SEWAGE ORGANIC-WASTES LEGISLATION JU
DELAWARE CODE ANNOTATED TITLE 16 SECTIONS 1301-1}02TR9U DYE"STUFFS SLAUGHTER-HOUSES
300 62 0754 ANON
NOTES ON WATER POLLUHON WASTE WATERS PROM PARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRR1CATION *OD NITROGEN WASTE-DIS
OEPT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH JUNE 1972 4 P
300 64 1110 VEATCH J 0 HUMPHRYS C R
BULLETIN FROM MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT5 *ATEj~JLOOM TOXIC-ALGAE RECREATIONAL-USE
300 65 0053 ANON
FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS D!SPOSAL EOUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCRAPERS SPREADERS HA
MECHANIZATION LEAFLET 8 MINISTRY OF AGR, FISHERIES AND FOOD DEC 1965
300 65 0739 CHIUSTY H BROWN J R MURPHY L S
300 65 0757 IRGENS R L DAY D L
OR TREATMENTMSWIN°F ^^^ "ASTE KEyV*OROS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COO AMMONIA NITRATE PHOSPHATE 00
ILLINOIS RESEARCH U ILL AGR EXP STA FALL 1965 P14-15
300 67 0701 GRAY M w
ATTLE LAGOON IRRIGATION * YWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA SOU COLIFQRM FISHKILL STREPTOCOCCUS C'
ENVIR HEALTH SERVICES KAN ST OEPT HEALTH 14P MAR 67
300 67 0710 BLACK S A
FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS CONFINEHENT-PENS BOD COO RUNOFF FERTIUZER ECONOMICS FEEOLOT 0!SPO
THE ONTARIO WAT RESOURCES COMMISSION PUB NO 28 36P DEC 1967
300 67 0711 ENGBERG R A
CATTLE NITRATE*0 "" *eLL "*T6R KEYWOROS blEl-'- °*TA FEED-LUTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOLATING-WATER PUMPING
NEBRASKA WATER SURVEY PAPER 21 LINCOLN 17P OCT 1967
300 67 1249 ANONYMOUS
"STROLTtER-POLjunON^T^ WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WATER-POLLUTION-
NCIES LEGAL-ASPECTS PERMITS STANDARDS WATER-Pnmm™ Sn,,J?cc AOMIN'STRATION REGULATION ADMINISTRATIVE-AGE
EEP FARM-WASTES FARMS »'»™*RDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES TREATMENT-FACILITIES PUBLIC-HEALTH CATTLE SH
OF HEALTH ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES TOPEKA KAN
300 67 1250 STEWART B A VIETS JR F G HUTCHINSON G L KFMDCD L. n
U S OEPARTHENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE DEC 1967 206 P 25 TAB SI FIG 13 Uf
fin
-------
300 67 1253 MCKINNEY R E BELLA R
HATED QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREAT
MENF HOGS FARM-LAGOONS SETTLING-BASINS SUIL-CISPOSAL-F]ELDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT DISPOSAL ENV1RONMENTAL-ENGIN
EER1NG SLUDGE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STURAGE HOG-FARM-UASTES
KANSAS HATER RESOURCES RESFAHCH INSTITUTE PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT CONTRIBUTION NO 24 KANSAS UN
IVERSITY LAWRENCE 1466 38 P 12 TAR 21 FIG 13 REF
300 63 02!>6 ABBOTT J L
USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENEFICIAL-USE
BULLETIN A-55, AGH EXPT STAI AND COOPERT EXT SfRV, UNlV ARIZ
300 68 0352 SCHHIESOW W F BRODIE H L EBY H J
DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SWINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANKS SOIL-OI
SPOSAL FLUSHING-GUTTERS DISPOSAL SWINE STREAM-POLLUTION
LHIV OF MARYLAND WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER COMPLETION REPORT 11PP 1970 OWRR PROJ A-004-MD 1
300 68 U702 ANON
BUFFALO UKE PRDJECJ BAN0AU C01JJ\ITYjJIXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFAli BACTERIA UU.IFOAH5 STREPTOCOCCUS LAKE
RECREATION TEXAS
U S DEPT INT FwPCA KERR WAT RESEARCH CENTER ADA OKLA 3TP 66
30U 68 0741
300 68 0749
.00 68 10<>3
300 68 1122
300 68 1123
300 68 1202
300 68 1209
300 69 0001
300 69 0002
300 69 0003
300 69 0004
300 69 0005
ANON
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FRUMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACILITIES AND GUIDELINE
S FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SEALED EVAPORATION AND RETENTION PONDS KEYWORDS COLORADO CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOTS
FARM-WASTES COLORADO DEPT OF HEALTH, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL COMM DENVER RULES GUIDELINES EVAPORATION
APRIL 10 1968 U P 3 FIG
DAY D L CONVERSE J C
ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORD
ROTOR-AERATION SWINE
ILL RESEARCH. U ILL AGR EXP STA S68 P16-17 1968
JONES 0 D
OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PENS AMMONIA FOAMING
MADLEIGH C H
HASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
AGRICULTURE FORESTRY AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICALS FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES FARM-WASTES FARM-MANAGEMENT ORGANIC-WA
STES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FOREST-MANAGEMENT SEDIMENT-LOAD MICROORGANISMS FARM-ANO-FORESTRY-WASTES
DEPT OF AGRICULTURE MISC PUBLICATION NO 1065 MARCH 1968 112 P 4 TAB 1 FIG 139 REF
WITZEL S MCCOY E ATTOE 0 J POLKOWSKI L B CRABTREE K T
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTILIZERS ESSENTIAL-N
UTRIENTS NITRIFICATION CROPS TOXICITY SOIL-POROSITY IRRIGATION GROUNOWATER RUNOFF FROZEN-GROUND SOIL-EROS
ION WATER-POLLUTION DENTRIFICATION PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS ALGAE AQUATIC-PLANTS NITROGEN-CYCLE FARM-WASTE G
ROUND-WATER NITRATES EUTROPHICATION WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES AGRICULTURAL-WATERSHEDS
TECHNICAL COMPLETION REPORT WATER RESOURCES CENTER UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON DEC 1968 65 P 15 TAB 12
FIG 27 27 REF
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK. WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF HATER KEYWORDS WATER-R6
USE STOCK-WATER DOMESTIC-ANIMALS FARM-WASTES POTABLE-WATER SOLID-WASTES URINE WATER-POLLUTION AERATION AER
OBIC-TREATMENT COAGULATION FILTERING-SYSTEMS FILTRATION FLOCCULATION OXIDATION WASTE-STORAGES WASTE-UATER-
TREATMENT WATER-PURIFICATION WATER-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT
RESEARCH PROJECT TECHNICAL COMPLETION REPORT TO OFFICE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH WASHINGTON D C DEC 19
68 24 P 11 TAB 2 R6F
OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICIDE POLLUTING POND
OF ADJACENT LANDOWNER KEYWORDS ALABAMA HATER-POLLUTION INSECTICIDES RAINFALL CATTLE PONDS STREAMS FEDE
RAL-GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES RAIN LEGAL-ASPECTS JU01CIAL-UECIS IONS WATER-POLLUT10N-EFFECTS WAT
ER-POILUTION-SOURCES POLLUTANTS WATER-WELLS DAMAGES REMEDIES REGULATION
294 F SUPPLEMENT 400-405 S D ALA 1968
ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILITY FOR CATTLE WASTE
RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-WATER-POLLUTION DAMAGES KANSAS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES FARM.-WASTES POLLUTI
ON-ABATEMENT SURFACE-RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL REMEDIES LEGAL-ASPECTS JUDICIA
L-DECISIONS LIVESTOCK STOCK-WATER WATER-SUPPLY HATER-NELLS
436 P20 816-S2B KAN 1968
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAER
081C ODOR OXIDATION-DITCH SPACE-REQUIREMENTS LEGAL-IMPLICATIONS SHINE HOUSING MANAGEMENT
DEPT OF AG ENGR COLLEGE OF AC UNlV UF ILLINOIS AUGUST 1969 91 P 232 REF
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE DEPTH SLUDGE MANAGEMENT
INLETS OUTLETS LOADING-RATES SOLIDS TEMPERATURE SWINE MANAGEMENT LAGOONS
COOP EXT SERVICE, UNIV OF ILL AUG 1969 AENG-B77
CDNFINEMENTJSWINE HOUSING - SPACE REOUIREMENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEASON MANAGEMENT PERF
ORMANCE CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING REQUIREMENTS
COOP EXT SERVICE, UNlV OF ILL AUGUST L969 AENG-B74
CaNFlNEMENTJSWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCEO-CONCRETE WOOD METAL
DIMENSIONS SPACING FAILURE DURABILITY CORROSION CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING
COOP EXT SERVICE, UN|V OF ILL AUG 1969 AENG-875
SHINEIWASTEJMANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-CHEMICALSBIOLOGICAL-PROPE
RT1ES ANTIBIOTICS NITROGEN POTASH BOD COO NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER-VALUE SWINE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES
COOP EXT SERVICE UNIV OF ILL AUG 1969 AENG-87A
51
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300 69 0006 MUEH.ING A J
SWINE WASTt MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOK TREATING HCG WASTES-FACT SHEET
0"11"6 5LUOGE ooo"s "
300 bV 0007 MUEHUNG 4 J
300 69 0062 DIGUE R R KLINE K J
™?ENTr;ASAGEM-ENTECATTLE°7 "*"" KEyWU"OS "N"««NT-PE« 0,SPUS»L LAGOUNS RUNOPF STORAGE BOO CUD
ISO HAT ReSOU RES INST KEPT 69-* USOC CLEARINGHOUSE PB190830JUNE 30 1969 195 P
300 69 0093 DAGUE R R PAULSON W L KLINE K J
/ul^^NT^^^^^^.P^^^^OG^^cSST;^"5 "«-»•»" »»« —
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEER.NG "To^dTY REPORT NO 69-2 1,6, 37 P
300 69 0300 ANON
3UO 69 0317 SULLIVAN R J
300 69 0*67 FOSNAUGH J STEPHENS E R
S°BEL * T LUUINGTON 0 C HASHIMOTO A G BURNETT
ODORS
300 69 0631
AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST DEPT HEALTH APR 1969 Pl-106
300 69 0632 BURNETT \t E
AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST OEPT HEALT^A'PR''^^-!"''' '°UES UETERM""*TION ODOR CHICKEN
300 69 0633 SOBEL A T BURNETT W E
THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHir..* y..,
^^r^^^^^^^^^^^^- ~s «»««—"
300 69 063* BURNETT W E
AIR>OrFlNi[ RiPORf'NEW^ORrsrDEP?HEiuHDAPRCl90p*0-*tU''"DIO><1DE "UwIs'p'wL'M'v* C»R8°N-DI°'"'"E "V°
300 69 0635 LUOINGTON CMj^ SOBEL A T HASHIMOTO A G
DIOXIDE CHICKEN DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR-STRENGTH METHANE AMMONIA CARBON
AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST OEPT HEALTH APR 69 P*7-6*
300 69 0636 BURNETT W E
PAMICULATE MATTER KEYWORDS C.RCULAT.ON GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHYF, LTM.,AM POULTRV.0(JST OOOR^NEL M(mC()l.
AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST OEPT HEALTH APR 69 P6S-70
300 69 0637 BURNETT W E DONDERO N C
SOUDF,LTR»T,ON TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANK- COMPOUNDS AMMONU HYDROGEN-SULFIOE SOU-COLUMN
AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST DEPT HEALTH APR 69 P71-86
300 69 0638 BURNETT W E GORMEL B
DOR CONTROLS TREATMENT °S POULTRr *MMONIA-HYDROGEN-SULFIDE CARBON-DIOXIDE CHLORINE 0
AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST DEPT HEALTH APR 69 P87-97
300 69 0735 BUTLER R G
Tlw"|OeMl"lcI!"SS5MN"HlN"slLSI!TE0!Sf .Eyt
-------
300 69 1061
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEUIMG OPERATIONS HASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK CONFINEME
NT-PENS W4TER-POI. LUT ION-SOURCES CATTLE TREATMENT-FACILITIES WATER-POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-WATER-TRE
ATMENT WATER-POLLUTIUN-CONTFIUL REGULATION PERMITS STATE-GOVERNMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES LEGISLATION LE
GAL-ASPECTS POULTKY ORGANIC-WASTES ADOPT ION-OF-PRACTICES WASTE-WATER-01SPOSAL
IOWA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION DES MOINES 1969 3 P
ENFORCEMENT OF HATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES ADMINISTRATIVE
-AGENCIES POLLUTION-ABATEMENT WATEKCOUR$ES-LEGAL SURFACE-WATERS GROUND-WATER WATER-SUPPLY WATER-REUSE WAT
EK-SOUKCCS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FARM-WASTES SEKAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT WATER-USERS WATER-OUALITY S
TANDAROS WILDLIFE-CONSERVATION OIL-INDUSTRY SALINE-WATER-INTRUSION TOXINS SEDIMENTS UN-SITE-INVESTICATIONS
HYDROLUGIC-CYCLE
OKLAHOMA LAW REVIEW VOL 22 NO 3 1969 P 317-3*5 180 REF
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL
NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NITROGEN PUBLIC-HEALTH SOIL-LEACHING GROUNOWATER SOIL-PROFILES WAT
ER-TABLE SURFACE-RUNOFF FARM-WASTES AEROBIC-CONDITIONS INCUBATION LAKE-EUTRCPHICATION SOIL-PHOSPHORUS ALFA
LFA-BROMEGRASS SPRING-THAWS FERTILIZER-NITROGEN
REPORT 1969 WATER RESOURCES CENTER UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MAOISON 79 P
300 69 1125
300 69 1180
300 69 1203
300 70 0008
300 70 0909
300 70 0(910
300 70 0073
300 70 020*
300 70 0205
300 70 0206
300 70 0207
300 TO 0206
300 70 0209
300 70 0210
ALLREO E R
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-WASTES ORGANIC-WAS
TES MINNESOTA B10CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND FARMS POLLUTANTS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES EUTROPHICATION LIVESTOCK-
WASTE-DISPOSAL BROILER-FARMS LIVESTOCK-HASTES-COMPARISON FEEDLOTS MANURE-PRODUCTION FOOD-PROOUCTION-HASTES
PROJECTED-L1VESTOCK-FARMS WASTES-MANAGEMENT
WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS--SDURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL WRSC BULLETIN 13 HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENT
ER UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 1969 P 42-28 3 TAB 2 FIG
WELLS D M CQLEMAN E A GRUB W ALBIN R C MEENAGHAN G F
CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUNOFF PRECIPITATIO
N WATER-POLLUTION IRRIGATION PERCOLATION WASTE-STORAGE PONDS MANAGEMENT BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND NITROG
EN AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION FIELD-CROPS GERMINATION TEXAS CATTLE FLUSHING
CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY INTERIM REPORT NO 1 TO TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD WRC69-7 TEXAS TECH UNIVERS
ITY WATER RESOURCES CENTER AUSTIN NOV 1969 3* P 11 TAB 6 FIG
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA WATER-POLLUT10N-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL •
AST6-DISPOSAL WATER-DUALITY WATER-OUAlITY-CONTROL WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES REFUSE SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS GASOLIN
E OIL-WASTES FARM-WASTES CATTLE SHEEP HOGS SEWAGE-DISPOSAL STREAMS RIVERS PUBLIC-HEALTH-ADMINI STRATIVE-A
NORTH DAKOTA CENTURY CODE ANNOTATED SECTIONS 61-01-12 THRU 61-OL-14 AS AMENDED SUPPLEMENT 1969
JONES D D DAY 0 L DALE A C
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWOKOS OXIDATION-LAGOONS AERATION BOO OXIDATION-DITCH IRRIGATION
TREATMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 737
nAY o L JONES D D CONVERSE J C
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES - TERMINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOD COD ODOR OXIDATION-DITCH LOADING-RA
TES MANAGEMENT
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT REPORT JULY 1970 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 97 P
GILBERTSON C 8 MCCALLA T M ELLIS J R CROSS 0 E WOODS W R
THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF, SOLID-WASTES AND NITRATE-MOVE
MENT ON UNPAVED-BEEF-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS EFFECT CHARACTERISTICS SOLID-WAS
TES NITRATE-MOVEMENT
PUB SB508 NEBR AG EXP STATION JUNE 1970 23 P
LEVI 0 R HOLSTEIN J C
STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS DAMAGES MISSOURI
UNIV OF MISSOURI GUIDE 851 FILE AG ECON 3 3 70 7M
POULTRYDPOLLUT?ON PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CORN NUTRIENTS POUL
RESEARCHLREPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 55PAGES MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
7INHFL H C FLEGAL C J
lirannuCTION KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS DISEASE
RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP4-7 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
POULTR?NMANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION AGITATION COMPRESSE
RESEARCHaREPORTHUTLFARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP8-9 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
DnneDTcnu L S WOLFORD J
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF CORN KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES SOIL
-TESTS PH MICHIGAN EFFECT CHICKEN
RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP10-15 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
cuonnnnK T C BOTD J S Z1NOEL H C
n«YING ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY COSTS DRYER-OPERATION
RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PPU-20 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
FLEGAL C J ZINDEL H C
THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION DIETS FEED-EFFIC
1ENCY DPW POULTRY-HASTE
RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP21-2B MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
FLEGAL C J ZINDEL H C
THE RESULT OF FEEDING DRIED-POULTRY-WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG-PRODUCTION AND FEED-CONVERSION KEYWORDS 01
ETS FAT POULTRY EGG-PRODUCTION FEED-CONVERSION
RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP29-30 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
53
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300 70 0211 FLEGAL C J HNUEL H C
EU^HKKNErSjNDDHAUGH-ScZETE^ BODY-WEIGHT. EGG-WEIGHT. SH
T <= rev., UEHTUKATED-POULTRY-WASTE PRODUCTION BODY-WEIGHT EGG-WEIGH
RESEARCH REPORT ,17 fMH SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY !,70 PP31-33 HICH,GAN STAT£ UNWERSITY
300 70 0212 FLEGAL C J COAN H C MNDEL M c
TE Ta i»««-«« °« TH6 TAST£ OF THE RESULIINS E6GS
M.H.CH REPO.T ,„ F4BM SCI£NC£ Ms^ESEJuly „„ rm_M mcHiGAN STATE
300 70 0213 THOMAS J M
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RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE HSU-AES JUIY 1070
300 70 OJ83 LEVI D rt
MISSOURI COLUMBIA, A& ECON PAPER 1970-6
300 70 OJ84 ANON
COSTS «»TCft-POLLUT10N ECONOMIC
i"«s "»»•«"« "-H
!0 „. w FIG , ,„
300 70 0,85
I LIT«"URE REV,« KEYWOROS OOMEST.C-AN
300 70 0414 VIETS F G
NO 330
CONHNEHENT-PENS ORCU^T^S OOO«S AHHONI.
300 70 0455 SPAHR S L
'lSi»«;SP?S"L "ROBLiM *EVW°RDS °UOR MSES LACOONS «»«CH-NEEOS
RESEARCH 12 4 . P 4-S, FALL 1970
300 70 047S BRAIDS 0 C SOBHAN
ILLINOIS RESEARCH* * * NIT(UTES SLUDGE*"" C"°PS NECESS4KY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS IRRIGATION CORN RE60-CANAR
300 70 0487 ST AMANT P p BECK
WAT OUAL MGT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS OCT 1970 1
300 70 0488 Olm.CH B . FREEH,, L „ US°' "^ 13"° °" J«« »•»•
rnccnAli L K
REG^r:;nSv?i'"-!--^r400--"-"-««-"»
300 70 0489 DEA $ J USD1 FWQ* U03° DYr J"NE 1969
300 70 0490 EVANS N A """ ^ n"° OYY JUNE »»'•
AREAS t
45-55
300 70 0491 BAIN R C JR MARLAR J T
S£l-CUU*CONTR"oJSBLEMSBLEM5 'N 'NUND-SI N« KEYWORDS
NAT OUAL MGT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS.USDI OCT 1,70 57-77
300 70 0492 CYWIN A REY G ,,.»«,
DISTILLATION OF MAST6WATERS A WATER-RESniinrt tn. BERNARD H -
Sii1*^ D'STII-LATION ARID-REGIONS """"" FOR »*ID-REGIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT-REUSE
WAT SUAL MGT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS,USDI OCT 1970 8S-94
300 70 0592 FRINK C R
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL «cvunOn«
7FB( MITflHRCM DunenunBn* ....._-.wi "rua*L KEYWORDS ENVIRHUME UT* i _em.«.. _._. ._ ,
NUTRIENTS FERT1LI
300 70 066S DUGAN G L GOLUEKE C G DS«Ai n u ,
PHOTOSYNTHETIC RECLAMATION OF AMICULTURA? in?in RIXFORD C E
UNIV OF CALIF SANITARY ENGR Ml LMOMrSSt 1°RL "R^V^'"iSJ^ J™™>* »l"E ««LAMAT,ON
300 70 0743 ERICKSON 0 B PHAR PA
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING-COMMERCIAL FESDLDTS lu ..„«.,
KANSAS COST GUIDELINES F«DIOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRRIGATION FEED RUNOFF
NUMBER C-418 COOP EXT SERVICE KANSAS ST U 30P APRIL 1970 30 p
54
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300 70 1000
300 70 1036
300 70 1054
300 70 108*
300 70 1101
300 70 1192
300 70 1201
300 70 1247
300 70 12*8
300 71 0099
300 71 0671
HoEHLING A J
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL
tlOliS FEED-LOTS bUI LD ING-DES ION SLDTTEO-FLOORS FARROW ING-MOUSE CONSTRUCTION-METHODS NURSURY-BUILDING FINI
SHINS-BUILDING SOW-CONFINEMENT HUG-PRODUCTION-SYSTEMS
REPORTS OF THE TWELFTH ANNUAL SWINE DAY DEC 1970 P 17-23 8 FIG
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE KAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES FERT
ILIZERS CHEMICALS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HATER-POLLU
TION-EFFECTS IRRIGATION-PRACTICES LEACHING CONFINEffcNT-PENS DOMESTIC-WASTES SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS HASTE-0
ISPOSAL EUTROPHICATIQN WASTE-ASSIMILATIVE-CAPACITY SALINITY SALINE-SOILS SALT-TOLERANCE SEDIMENTATION SE
OIMENT-CONTROL SOU-CONSERVATION
CORNELL LAW REVIEW VOL 55 1970 P 7*0-760 111 REF
MURPHY L S GOSCH J W
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION IRRIGATION N1TROG
EN FARM-WASTES FERTILIZERS AMMONIUN-COMPOUNDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES NITRATE-MOVEMENT FEEDLOTS
PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT OHRR PROJECT A-016-RAN MARCH 1970 56 P 13 TAB 19 FIG 38 REF
APPELL J R wENOER I MILLER R D
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATER CAS STEAM SULF
UR ORGANIC-MATTER PROCESSING FURNACE FUELS URBAN-REfUSE CELLULOSIC-HASTES CARBON-MONOXIDE
TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT-25 BUREAU OF MINES SOLID HASTE PROGRAM U S DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR MAY 1970 S
P 3 TAB
OtvIS E GLOYNA E
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE OH ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALSAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACTERIA OXIDATION-LA
GUOMS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA AUTOGOMISTIC-EFFECTS AXEMIC-CULTURES OIEOFF-RATES AFTERGROWTH BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE F
IELO-STU01ES GREEN-ALGAE LABORATORY-STUDIES
FWPCA GRANT 16050 DDL TECHNICAL REPORT EHE-70-06 CRWR-55 MARCH 1970 U2 P 1** TAB 9 FIG 60 REF
FISH6ASJPOTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY PATHOGENIC-8ACFE
R1A PSEUOOMONAS FISH OYSTERS CKABS CLOSTRIDIUM SALMONELLA SHICELLA E-COLI BIO INDICATORS BULLHEADS WHITE-
PERCH MYCOBACTEKIUM AEROMONAS STAPHYLOCOCCUS PASTELjRELLA LEPTOSP1RA
1970 7 P *0 REF
CHAFFER R E BADGER o o
IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL POLLUTION-AB
ilFMFNT WATER-MANAGEMENT-APPLIEO WATER-OUALITV-ACT ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS LAGOONS HATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS W
ASTE-01SPOSAL COST-SHARING LEGAL-ASPECTS SOCIAL-ASPECTS FERTILIZERS BENEFITS ARID-LANDS DRY-SEASONS HASTE-
DILUT10NS STABILIZATION DISSOLVED-SOLIDS OKLAHOMA TEXAS RETURN-MONETARY PROFIT WATtR-UTILIZATION PRODUCT I
VITY STREAMS LEGISLATION CATTLE WATER-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT
OKLAHOMA CURRENT FARM ECONOMICS V 43 NO 1 MARCH 1970 P 3-11 J TAB 19 REF
YARDS ACT KEYHOROS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION HATEft-POLLUTION-CONTROL SURFACE-DRAINAGE SURF
("uATERs'suRFACE-RUNOFF HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES LIVESTOCK POLLUTANTS WATER-QUALITY-CONTROL DOMESTIC-AN
TMALS AGRICULTURE LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGISLATION
OKLAHOMA STATUTES ANNOTATED TITLE 2 SECTIONS 9-20B 9-210 SUPPLEMENT 1970
n?«Bn<:Al$nF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYHOROS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTION-ABATEMENT HATE
> anil LIT I ON UNLIMATE-DISPOSAL REGULATION ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES LIQUID-HASTES ORGANIC-WASTES SOLID-WASTES
POLLUTANTS HASTE-WATER-OISPOSAL LEGISLATION LEGAL-ASPECTS FARM-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS HOGS CATTLE CANNER
IES INDUSTRIAL-PLANTS FOODS POULTRY LIVESTOCK
OREGON ADMINISTRATIVE RULES COMPILATION CHAPTER 3*0 SECTIONS *3-005 THRU *3-02S 1970
DITTMAN D HARRIS P '
iiurttnCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS TEXAS HATER-9UALIT
Y LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT POULTRY HASTES SOLID-WASTES CATTLE HOGS SHEEP WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM
TEXAS'HATER QUALITY BOARD AUSTIN TEXAS UTO 30 P 5 TAB 10 REF
«« Of NITRATE BY AN ALGAL SYSTEM KEYHOROS REMOVAL NITRATE ALGAL-SYSTEM
AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATER STUDIES REPORT NO 13030 ELY 1S2PP APRIL 1971
lf OF HATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES. PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR CRYING KEYHOROS POULTRY OOOR H
»
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300 1 0412 POULTRY
300 (1 0412 PENN iTOTE UNIV PROG KEPORT 312 APRIL 1971
JOO 71 0457 WOODING N H
f!n!2i?TF?FFFF?nFMT?ATopL«ST I'S^\ ,c«°, ?J™ ?QUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SO
TES DISPOSAL «E«T«ENT-FACILITIES LAGCONS PERMITS PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATION SEPTIC-TANKS LIOUID-WAS
EXT SEH SPEC CIK 154 PENN ST U UNIV PARK 12P
300 71 0466 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES REPORT JAN 1971 p 55 11 TAB 26 FIG 6 OFF
MILLER WILLIAM D INFILTRATION RATES AND &ROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS K
EYWORDS NITRATES RUNOfF INFlllRartnu r.Dnnunu.Tcn cnl, nJIliuirc cvtTc.1 ,-ie . f"DLaTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS K
SOIL ORAINA&E-SYSTEM CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS IONIZATION CATTLE
RATE-OF-CONCENTRATION
300 71 0477 MILLER 6 F
?lRM?SAnON"EPo"TI^pSFM:ritnt
-------
300 71 0625
300 71 0626
300 71 062T
300 71 0628
300 71 0629
300 71 0630
300 71 0639
SHEPPARO C C FLECAL C J DORN D * DALE J L
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATJR6 TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS FECES ANAL
YSIS DRYING-TEMPERATURE PROTEIN POULTRY-WASTE
POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P12-16
ESMAY M L SHEPPARO C C
DRYINS OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENTILATION AIR-CONTAMINATI
ON POULTRY
POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P17-27
BUCHOLT2 H F HENDERSON H E FLEGAL C J ZINOEL H C
DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR FEEOLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS FEED-EFFECIENCY RECYCLINS POULTRY-*
ASTE CATTLE
POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P2B-31
VARGHESE S
NEFF M
GOME! M
FLEGAL C J
ZINDEl
POL1N 0
H C
THE METABOLIZEAbLE ENERGY VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION DIET POULTRY
POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P32-4*
FLEGAL C J DORN 0 A
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTES OPW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SCWL LAYING HEN
S-A PRELIMINARY REPORT KEYWORDS NUTRIENT OEHYORATEO-FECES EFFECTS POULTRY
POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 1*2 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P45-48
A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY DR E J BENNE KEYWORDS PROTEIN OEMYDR
ATION CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS MOISTURE-CONTENT POULTRY
POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCIENCE MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P49-63
BEER C E K06LL1KEK J K
USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWO
ROS IRRIGATION OEN1TR1FICATION TREATMENT-DISPOSAL APPLJCATION-RATE WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-
DEMANO NITRATES AMMONIA SOIL-FILTRATION LAGOON GROUNOWAUR-SYSTEMS
COMP REPORT IA STATE WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, OFFICE WAT RESOURCE RESEARCH AGRHT NO 14-31-001-3
215 1SWRRI-41 IOWA STATE UNIV AMES P1-J2
300 71 0672
300 II 0673
300 71 067*
300 71 0675
MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY GAS CHROMAT05RAPHY KEYWORDS AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE HYDROGEN-SULFID
t MEASUREMENT CHROMATOGRAPHY
AGR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV Pl-6 FINAL RPT ARS-USOA COOP AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42
AWM 71-0*
OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE MEASUREMENT ODOR
ASR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV 21PP FINAL RPt ARS-USDA COOC AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42
AWM 71-04
LUDINGTON 0 C SOBEL A T GORMEL B
CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE CONTROL MANAGEMENT
AGR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV P1-15FINAL RPT ARS-USDA COOP AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42
AWM 71-04
KORMEL B SOBEL A T LUOINGTON D C
llwnFB CAGE DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS DOOR AIR-ORYING-MANURE CASE
AGR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV P1-1SFINAL RPT ARS-USOA COOP AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42
AWM 71-04
300 71 0677 *[J9N_OLLUT,ON POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES BIOCHEMICAL-OXY
r=« n»AND FEEDLOTS WASTE-TREATMENT ECONOMIC RUNOFF AEROBIC-TREATMENT SHEEP SWINE POULTRY
Tuf BOLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY FINAL REPORT MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITU
TE KANSAS CITY MISSOURI NOV 1971 P 1-2Z4
300 71 0689
MANAGEMENT FOR FEEOLOTS KEYWORD NEBRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS
MT FOR FEEOLOTS EC71-795 u NEBRASKA EXT PS-U mi
OF ASTE MGMT FOR FEEOLOTS EC71
300 71 0692
300 71 0697
300 71 0700
EFFECTHOF FEED PROCESSING ON DIGESTIBILITY Of ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEOLOTS MICROFLORA AMMONIA S
MANHATTAN Pl-9 1971
KRIZ G J
B J W D HQWELS 0 H
ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOONS WASTE-DISPOSAL SA
13020DGX
AUG 1,71
^
loOf MIWSIo!! SERVICE COLORADO STATE U 13P OCT 71
300 71 0704 MJJJ°NNJ JNIMAL N»STE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVERNMENT-AGENCIES COSTS
tool ExTsER'oREGON ST U CORVALLIS CIRCULAR 763 15P 1971
300 71 0732
LEGAL-ASP
^ScISNtvsTfM5 FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRY-INUUSTRY AEROblC-TREATMEN
? "U-T«"MENT SOLID-HASTES EFFLUENTS TERTIARY-TREATMENT TRICKLING-FILTERS ENTERIC-BACTERIA FLOW-CHARACT
U MASS AMHERST COMP REP FY72-7 ,971 1, P
57
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300 71 0744
3UO 71 0745
300 71 0752
300 71 1008
300 71 1035
300 71 1055
300 71 1056
300 71 1057
300 71 1058
300 71 1081
300 71 1098
300 71 1100
CROSS B 5 RENEKER K W
ANIMAL SLAUGHTERING MO PROCESSING KEYWORDS REGULATIONS BY-PRODUCTS SOLID-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-HASTES WASTE
WATER
NAT INU POL CONTROL COUNCIL SUB-COUNCIL REPORT FEB 71 14P
CROSS B S
ANIMAL HASTES
WASTES
NAT INO PUL CONTROL CUUNCIL STAFF REP FEB 71 15P
HAMILTON W A
KEYWORDS INDUSTRIAL-HASTES FLOW-CONTROL
TERRACES BY-PRODUCTS RENDERING ANIMAL-PROCESSING-
VALLICOTT 0 R
ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN GESIGN OF FEEDLUT HASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
ITERIA CONSTRUCTION-COSTS COST-SHARING STANDARDS RUNOFF GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
USUA SOIL CONS SERVICE LINCOLN NEB 2P 1971
KEYWORD DESIGN-CR
ANON
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL RUNOFF WATER-POLLU
TION SOIL-CONTAMINATION FARM-WASTES CATTLE ODOR GROUNOWATER TERRACES SEOIMENTATION IRRIGATION WATER-TABLE
NITRATES NEBRASKA
COOPERATIVE EFFORT OF NORTHERN PLAINS BRANCH SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION RESEARCH DIVISION ARS USDA AND TH
6 OEPTS OF AGRONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION LINCOLN 4 P 2
ALDRICH S R USCHWALD M R FEHRENBACHER J B
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 8UALITY KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT FA
RM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION FARM-MANAGEMENT CRQP-PRODUCTHJN-TECHNOL06Y ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NO 46 MAY 1971 P 7-24 6 TAB 6 FIG
ANON
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 197L KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USERS PLANNING PROJEC
TS LEGAL-ASPECTS BOTTOM-SEDIMENTS GEOCHEMISTRY HYDROLOGY CONIFEROUS-FORESTS RIVERS LAKES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYG
EN-OEMAND DISSOLVED-OXYGEN MANAGEMENT LIVESTOCK-WASTES WATER-QUALITY EDUCATION EUTROPH1CATION PHOSPHATES
WATER-PDLLUTION-CONTROL CHLORINATEE-HYDROCARBON-PEST1C IDES MODEL-STUDIES TUBIF1CIDS PHYSICOCHEMICAL-PROPE
RTIES GASES POLITICAL-ASPECTS ATTITUDES ENVIRONM
ANNUAL REPORT NO 7 MAINE UNIVERSITY WATER RESOURCES CENTER 1»71 18 P
HARL N E BALDWIN R A HUBLY 0 W
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS UF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWORDS PERMIT-SYSTE
M ECONOMIC-EFFICIENCY WATER-OUALITY WATER-RESOURCE-INVESTMENT IOWA MODEL-STUDIES COST-ANALYSIS WATER-ALLOC
ATION-POLICV COMPETING-USES LEGAL-ASPECTS LINEAR-PROGRAMMING COST-ALLOCATION EVALUATION
COMPLETION REPORT ISWRfU-43 IOWA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE AMES NOV 1971 261 P 27 TAB 7 FIG 122
RE.F
CROSS f K CAVIN L M
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASIN KEYWORDS FISHKI
LL WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS SAMPLING HABITATS FEEDLOT-POLLUTI ON UPPER-NEOSHO-RIVER-BASIN NOCOMIS-ASPER NOTR
OPIS-RUBELLUS NOTURUS-NOCTURNUS NOTORJS-PLACIDUS NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS NOTROPIS-CAMURUS
COMPLETION REPORT OWRR A-026-KAN1 1971 50 P 7 TAB 6 FIG 16 REF
JOHNSON J D STRAUB C P
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF ANO GROUNDWATER FLOW IN CVERFER
TIII7.ATION OF SURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS MATHEMATICAL-MODELS WATERSHEDS-BASINS NUTRIENTS NITROGEN PHOSPHOR
US STREAHFLOW SEWAGE-TREATMENT EFFLUENTS ANNUAL-WASTES FERTILIZERS PRECIPITATION-ATMOSPHERIC SOILS WATER-P
OLLUTION-SOURCES MODEL-STUDIES MINNESOTA SNOWMELT TREATMENT-FACILITIES NITROGEN-FIXATION DEMITRIFICATION
WRRC BULLETIN 35 OWRR PROJECT B-012-MINN1 MINNESOTA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 197
I 176 P 65 TAB 58 FIG 78 REF
APPELL H R Fu Y C FRIEDMAN S YAVORSKY P M WENUER I
CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES WOOD
LIGNINS WATER TEMPERATURE CATALYSTS SOLVENTS CONVERSION OIL SOLID-WASTES LOW-SULFUR-OIL URBAN-REFUSE CARBO
N-MONOXIDE LIOUIO-FUELS WASTE-PRODUCTS CONTINUOUS-REACTOR SUCROSE
BUREAU OF MINES REPORT OF INVESTIGATION 1971 RI 7560 DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR 1971 20 P 10 TAB 3 FIG
ANON
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM A9UATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS A8UATIC-PLANTS FISH POULTRY MINK SWINE
RUMINANTS FEEDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL SEWAGE-TREATHENT ANIMAL-HUSBANDRY FISH-PROTEIN
CENTER PUBLICATION NO 71-3 COASTAL PLAINS CENTER FOR MARINE DEVELOPMENT SERVICES WILMINGTION NORTH CAROLIN
A AUG 1971 113 P
DEGOEIJ J J M
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRON-ACTIVATION-ANAL
YSIS CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HEAVY-METALS SEP
ARATION-TECHNIQUES IRRADIATION SEDIMENTS CATTLE BIRDS FOODS PLANTS MARINE FISH TOXICITY MILK WATER-ANALYSI
S MARINE-ANIMALS SALMON HERRINSS COMMERCIAL-FISH AUTOMATION BIOLOGICAL-SAMPLES METHYL-MERCURY PH1NE-RIVER
SEALS-ANIMALS
REPORT NO IRI-133-71-17 1971 21 P 1 TAB 12 FIG 10 REF
300 71 1106 ANON
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL SEDIMENTS FARM-WASTES NUTRIENTS PHOSPHORUS ALG
AE NITRATES HATER-REUSE SALINITY PESTICIDES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL OXIDATION-LAGOONS DEHYDRATION RUNOF
F RADIOACTIVITY FALLOUT 6IOCONTROL INSECT-CONTROL IRRIGATION PREOATION PARASITISM INSECT-RESISTANCE INSE
CT-ATTRACTANTS PRECIPITATION-ATMOSPHERIC GENETICS EROSION-CONTROL AIR-POLLUTION TREES
AGRICULTURE INFORMATION BULLETIN NO 351 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON U C APRIL 1971 48 P
300 71 1107 ANON
HATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART t KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICALS CHEMICAL
-WASTES FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES MISSOURI KANSAS RUNOFF FERTILIZ5RS PESTICIDES WASTE-
p|SPOSAL NITRATES LEACHING SALTS "SOCUTED-COST^ElJTROPHICAnON LEGAL-ASPECTS SOCIAL-ASPECTS NUTRIENTS BO
AND WATER POLLUTION 92NO CONGRESS 1ST S
ESSION
APRIL 2 1971 P 2515-3U8 206 TAB 64 FIG 420 REF
58
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JOO Tl 1119 TSAO G T
TREATMENT OF AUUEOUS AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR CLEAN HATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS 0
XYGEN 4BSORPTICIN FOAMING AERATION C YTOLOG ICAL-STUOI ES FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
NT HALOORF-AEKATOR CELL-GKOWTH WHEY
COMPLETION REPORT ISWRRI-33 IUHA STATE HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE AMES APRIL 1971 34 P 27 FIG
12 REF
300 71 1126 BEYERS R J BRISBIN I L CULEMAN 0 C GENTRY J B GIBBONS J N
SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENT CYCL ING-NUTRIEN
TS RADIOACTIVITY-EFFECTS HATER-POLLUT ION-EFFECTS ECOSYSTEMS THERMAL-POLLUTION RADIOECQLOGY SOUTHEAST-US MI
CROORGANISMS bASS ECOLOGY SNAKES POULTRY AOUATIC-LIFE RODENTS ACUAT IC-HABITATS AOUATIC-PLANTS AMPHIBIANS T
UKTLES PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS RESERVOIRS STREAMS SOIL-UATER-PLANT-RELATIONSHIPS ABSORPTION
AUG 1S71 4JO P
300 71 1230 NiODOY P 0 HARPER J P COLLINS R K HILLS S 0 HEIOAft F A
CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRAT ING-SCREEN HYDRAULIC-TRANSPORT ULI IMATE-OISP
OSAL AEROBIC-LAGOON-TKEATMENT RECYCLED-WASHWATER DIMENSIONAL-ANALYSIS LIVESTOCK-WASTE PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT RECYCLE LIVESTOCK-HASTE
PROJECT NO 130*0 DKP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL LABORATORY MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY EAST LANS
ING MICHIGAN JUNE 1971 110 P
, 300 71 1245 DUFFER H K KREIS R 0 HARLIN C C JR
EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF ON WATEH QUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL AMMONIA DISSOLVED
-OXYGEN RUNOFF ORGANIC-HASTES NUTRIENTS PHVTOPLANKTON MACROBENTHOS LIGHT-PENETRATION BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOTS
ZUOPLANKTON SOLIDS-CONCENTRATION EFFECTS IMPOUNDMENTS
ROBERT 5 KERR WATER RESEARCH CENTER ADA OKLAHOMA 53 P 7 TAB 13 FIG 9 REF
300 71 12*6 ANONYMOUS
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS HATEK-POLLUT ION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLUTANTS NON-STRUCT
URAL-ALTERNATIVES PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS HATER-LAH LEGISLATION REGULATION FARM-WASTES LAVESTOCK MANAGEMENT F
INANCING MISSOURI-RIVER RIVER-BASINS TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE
MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PILOT STEERING TASK GROUP KANSAS CITY MO JUNE 1971 45 P 2 FIG
300 71 1257 BUTCHBAKER A F CARTON J E MAHONEY G U A PAINE M 0
EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS BEEF-WASTE WASTE-HANDLING-AL IE
RNATIVES HASTE-TREATMENT-ALTERNATIVES ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-HANDLING-COSTS FEEOLOT-DESIGN POLLUTION-CONT
ROL BEEF-HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES GRANT NO 13040 FXG OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OKLAH
DMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER OKLAHOMA NOV 1971 322 P
300 71 1261 DIETRICH R A
INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIES OF SUE KEYWOR
DS FEED-LOTS CATTLE ECONOMICS SIZE REGIONAL-PRODUCTION-CHARACTERISTICS TRANSPORTATION-RATES LEAST-COST-SH
IPMENT-ROUTES FEED-GRAINS
PROJECT NO HM-2489 IN COOPERATION WITH THE US DEPT OF AGRICULTURE TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STAT
ION SEPT 1971 55 P 39 TAB 8 FIG
300 72 1003 ANON
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION FA
RH-WASTES LAGOONS RUNOFF WASTE-DISPOSAL PACIFIC-NORTHWEST-US WASTE-MANAGEMENT SITE-SELECTION MANURE-MOUND
U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION X SEATTLE WASHINGTON APRIL 1972 63 P 6 TAB 35 PIG 8 REF
JOO 72 1052 HUTCHINSON R E HOFFMAN R A JEFFREY R f
EFFECT OF ANIMAL HASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GRCUNOwATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SO
URCES GROUNDWATER FARM-WASTES NITROGEN MAINE ON-SI TE-INVESTIGATIONS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES POULTRY PATH-0
F-POLLUTANTS SOIL-PROPERTIES RATES-OF-APPLICAUON INFILTRATION-RATES DATA-COLLECTIONS POULTRY-MANURE
PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT OWRR A-020-ME1 MAINE WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER ORONO SEPT 1972 38 P
21 TAB 8 FIG
300 72 1070 E8Y H J SINGH V P
PERIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-DISPOSAL LASOONS KEYWORD
S RECYCLING NUTRIENTS WASTE-WATER LAGOONS ALGAE BACTERIA SEWAGE OXIDATION CLIMATIC-ZONES PROTEINS FARM-W
ASTES INDIA HASTE-DISPOSAL-LAGOONS SEASONAL-GROWTH
PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT NO 142 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE US DEPT OF AGRICULTURE APRIL 1972 8 P
2 TAB 2 FIG
300 72 1085 KREIS R 0 SCALF M R MCNABB J
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS CATTLE CONFINEMENT-PENS RAINFALL
-RUNOFF-RELATIONSHIPS POLLUTANTS FARM-HASTES NUTRIENTS BIO-CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CHEMICAL-OXYGEN DEMAND
COLIFORMS STREPTOCOCCUS FEEOLOT MANURE-WASTES WASTES-CHARACTERISTICS SOLIDS TOTAL-ORGANI S-CARBON
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REPORT NUMBER EPA-R2-72-061 SEPT 1972 43 P 10 TAB 2 FIG 26 REF
300 72 1146 ANON
FEEDLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PROTEINS DIGESTIBILIT
AGRICULTURE AT OSU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER OKLAHOMA SUMMER 1972 1 P
300 72 1157 CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE COMMITTEE
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN MANAGEMENT POLLUTI
ON MANURE-UTILIZATION NITROSEN FARM-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION WASTE-T
REATMENT HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL DEHYDRATION INCINERATION ZONING REGULATIONS LEGAL-ASPECTS EQUIPMENT
FERTILIZERS CANADA COMPOSTING CANADIAN-LEGISLATION DEAD-BIRD-DISPOSAL
CANADA 1972 97 P 9 TAB 4 FIG
300 72 1170 BRODIE H L
POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER-POLLUT ION FARM
-WASTES HOGS PERCOLATION FLOOD-IRRIGATION WASTE-DISPOSAL NITROGEN CHEMICAL-OXVGEN-DEM'ANO PHOSPHATES CHLO
RIDES SULFATES MARYLAND
TECHNICAL REPORT NO 13 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER AGRICULTURAL ENGINES
RING DEPARTMENT COLLEGE PARK JULY 1970-JUNE 1972 25 P 6 TAB 1 FIG 21 REF
300 72 1182 ZINDEL H C CHANG T S CARTER G R
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING HET AND DRIED POULTRY FECES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION P
OULTRY BACTERIA CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS RECYCLING INCUBATION MICHIGAN
JOURNAL ARTICLE NO 5928 MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY EAST LANSING 1972 4 P 2 REF
-------
300 72 1260 LIN S
NONPUINT RUKAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS MATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES ER
OSION SEDIMENT FARM-WASTES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL ILLINOIS DOT SOIL-CO
NSEK VAT ION-METHODS
ILLINOIS STATE MATER SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION URBAN* ILLINOIS 1972 36 P 20 TAB 4 F
IU 84 KEF
300 72 1264 SWEETEN J M
PRINCIPLES OF FEEOLOT ODOrt CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC-BACTERIA M01STU
RE-CONTENTS TEMPERATURE WASTE-TREATMENT POULTRY LAGOONS WASTE-DISPOSAL ODOR-CONTROL ODOR-MEASUREMENTS OD
UR-INTENSITY OOOR-OUALITY
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE TEXAS A M UNIVERSITY DEC 1 1972 8 P * REF
300 73 1009 WHITE R K
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS RUNOFF
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND NITROGEN WATER-OUALI TV CLIMATES RAINFALL WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIGATION OHIO
PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NO 393X UNITED STATES OEPT OF INTERIOR DEC 1972 33 P 5 TAB 1* FIG 5 «EF
400 64 0335 CULPIN C
EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRINKLER- IRR IGATION Ml
XING EOUIPMENT DISPOSAL
CHEMISTRY £ INDUSTRY FEB It, 1964 350-353 3 KEF
400 64 0358 HHEATLAND A B BORNE 8 J
TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS BOD VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER ENGLAND IRRIGATION
TREATMENT
CHEMISTRY t INDUSTRY FEb 29f 1964 357-362
400 64 0379 WILEY J S
A REPORT ON THREE MANURE-COMPOSTING PLANTS KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-DECOMPOSITION AMMONIA SOIL-CONDITIONER
COMPOST SCIENCE 5 SUMMER 1964 15-16
400 65 0332 ANON
HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOLUME PUMPS TANK-SPRE
ADERS
HOARD S DAIRYMAN 109 NOV 25. 1965 1254-1255 1280-1281
400 65 0356 REED C H
FURROW MANURE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY APPLICATION-RATES PLOW-FURROW-COVER DISPOSAL
POULTRY DIGEST 24 1965 278
400 65 0439 SCHEFFERLE H E
THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC HATTER NITROGEN B
ACTERIA POULTRY-LITTER
JOUR OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY VOL 28 NO 3 PP412-420 1965
400 65 0485 BRADLEY M RUSSELL W
POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEOAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-OF-GAIN POULTRY-LI
TTER CATTLE-FEED
FEEOSTUFFSt VOL 37. NO 8, P $9-60, 1969
400 65 1127 SMITH G E
WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES MISSOURI MATER-SUPPL
Y WATER-WELLS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
HOARDS DAIRYMAN V 110 NO 18 SEPT 25 1965 P 1048-1049 3 FIG
400 65 1141 GRUNOMAN J E
NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MISSOURI WATER-POLL
UT10N-SOURCES NITRATE-CYANOSIS
MISSOURI RURALIST FEB 27 1965 P 24-25
400 65 1142 LEBEDA D L DAY 0 L
WASTE CAUSED AIR POLLUTANTS ARE MEASURED IN SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS VENTILATION SWINE-WASTE TOLERANCE-LE
VELS GAS-CONCENTRATIONS THRESHOLD-LEVELS
REPRINTED FROM ILLINOIS RESERCH FALL 1965
400 66 0088 RILEY C T
POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZERS HANDLING POULTRY
DISPOSAL
AGRICULTURE 73 1966 110-112
400 66 0354 GIBSON E A
SALMONELLOSIS IN CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS SALMONELLOSI S CATT
LE
AGRICULTURE 73 1966 213-216
400 66 0380 EBY H J •
TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT KEYWORDS ORGANIC-WASTES VOLUME ORGANIC-MATTER GRASS-BELTS POLLUTION-CONTROL
COMPOST SCIENCE 7 AUTUMN 1966 7-10
400 67 0336 GIBSON E A
DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND DISPOSAL
AGRICULTURE 74 1967 183-188
400 67 0359 LINN A
WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM KEYWORDS OXIOAT I OH-OI TCH ODOR AEROBIC-BACTERIA ROTOR PROBLEM
FARM QUARTERLY WINTER 1966-67 56-59 115-116
400 67 1226 t WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS EU
TROPHICATION IRRIGATION MANURE FEED-LOTS
JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION NOV DEC 1967 P 228-231 4 TAB 26 KEF
60
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400 68 0015 ANON
FEEDERS AVQID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWOHOS LAGOON POND FURROW-IRRIGATION PUMP
SOIL CONSERVATION 34 4 MOV 1968 84-86
400 68 0032 BULLARO H E JK
NATURAL FILTERS fOR AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-I RKIGAT ION EFFLUENTS ORGANIC-HASTES DILUTION
HAST6-HATEB-DISPOSAL BACTERIA ORGANIC-MATTER FILTERS
SOIL CONSERVATION 34 4 NOW 1968 75-77
400 68 0033 UNDERWOOD C
in?!G?,Tlc2 "ITH Alm*L WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SEWAGE-DISPOSAL EFFLUENT HOGS BASIN
SOIL CONSERVATION 34 4 NOV 1968 61-62
400 68 0038 SMITH G R ABBOTT F D
PONUS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS HATER-QUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNOFF SOIL SCS SDLIO-W
SOIL CONSERVATION 37 4 NOV 1968 78-79
400 68 0101 VAN DAM J PERRY C A
???i!!E MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PkOOUCT FORMS KEVHOROS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PROCESSING-PLANT PACK
AbING BULK MANAGEMENT-COSTS
CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE 22 12 DEC 1968 12-U COMPOST SCIENCE V9 N2 PP26-27 SUMMER 196B
400 66 0229 WILLIAMS H R
«»TER-SU»LJTY MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-SHED-PROTEC
McNT *
WATER C SEWAGE WORKS 115 OCT 1968 463-464
400 66 0«49 RILEY C T
WASTES fROM THE POULTRY INDUSTRY KEYWORDS ENGLAND POULTRY
AGRICULTURE V75 NB PP374-76 AUG 1968
400 69 0016 ANON
5liI«'inmL«? FEE"l-OTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNDWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SOIL-CONTAMINATION NI
TRATES AQUIFERS DENITRIFICATION WATER-TABLE PERCOLATION FEEOLOTS
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 18 6 DEC 1969 14-15
400 69 0039 WILMORE R
LABOR DISPOSAL0" °'SPOSAL K£Y"OROS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION
FARM JOURNAL 93 6 AUG 1969 26C-26D
400 69 0419 MILLER B F SHAW J H
P°ULm "**IU(IE BV DIPTER» "DWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM HASTES MUSCA OOMESTI
POULTRY SCI VOL 48 NO 5 1969 PP1844-1855
400 69 1045 CAMPBELL F R WEBBER L R
T° ™E Fe«T"-UATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NUTRIENTS WATER-POLL
n. NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS RUNOFF FARM-HASTES PRODUCTIVITY AQUATIC-PLANTS
E ~UN TAR 10
JOURNAL OF SOIL AND HATER CONSERVATION VOL 24 NO 4 AUG 1969 P 139-141 2 TAB 2 FIG 9 REF
400 69 1225 WADLEIGH C H BRITT C S
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEVELOPMENT WATER-POL
ic "ON EUTRQPHICATION GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS SOIL-CONSERVATION INDUSTRIAL-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTES FERTILISE
,LZU Si DES SOIL-EROSION ANIMAL-WASTES ECONOMICS NITROGEN WATER-CONSERVATION SOIL-RUNOFF LIVESTOCK
JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION VOL 24 NO 4 OCTOBER 1969 P 172-175 4 REF
400 70 0022 GILIILAND J
o fYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYHORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY-AERATION SYSTEM
LACUQNS
POULTRY DIGEST 29 341 330-331 JULY 1970
400 70 0029 FA1RBA1RN C B
S!mES.!°!iVI51f.HANURE *S CATTLE fEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE POULTRY-MANURE CATTLE-FEED
POULTRY DIGEST 29 341 331 JULY 1970
400 70 0046 JONES K B C
E*jMi?t?JL°ISPOSAL " *MENITY 'N0 G°OD NEIGHBOURLINESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BUILD'ING-COOES NOIS
c NUISANCES DISPOSAL
GREAT BRITAIN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE 77 4 165 APRIL 1970
400 70 0068 HANNAH H N
„„..,. DEFEN*ES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS KEYHORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POULTRY NUISANCE
POULTRY DIGEST, P 601, DECEMBER 1970
400 70 0069 ANON
CONNECTICUT REQUIREMENTS FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS REGULATIONS POLLUTANTS CONNECTICUT DISPOSA
POULTRY DIGEST, P 583, DECEMBER 1970
400 70 0070 MARTIN W P
VAlUE*SDtsPOs"'AL"NASTE DI5(>OSM-'HEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS FERTILIZERS MANURE-
JOUR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION 2» MARCH 1970 43-45
400 70 0091 LUDINGTON D C SOBEL A T
MOISTURE OOORSASES "ANURE ODORS "DWORDS POULTRY AMMONIA HYOROGEN-SULFIDE CHROMATOGRAPHY ORANIC-ACID5
POULTRY DIGEST SEPT 1970 P445-446
61
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400 TO 0092 ANON
SEEK DATA IN FEEDICT RESEARCH KEYWORDS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEOLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOO CATTLE POPULATION-EOUIVA
LENTS TERRACESRESEARCH
SOUTH DAKOTA FARM C HONE RESEARCH 21 2 P22-27 SPRING 1970
400 70 (1097 P4RSUNS R A PRICE F FAIRBANK W C
POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EQUIPMENT COSTS FLUSHING-GUTTER MICRO
ORGANISMS ODORPOULTRY LAGOON-DESIGN
PUULTRY DIGEST, 29 344 , P485-488. OCT 1970
401) 70 0101 CHARLES 0 U
SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS SALT RATION POULT
RY
PUULTRY DIGEST SEPT 1970 431
400 70 Otll HERR G H
UNDEK-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS LAGOONS DISPOSAL A
ERAUON AEROBIC DRYING STIRRING LIOUID-UASTES ODOR-PROBLEMS
POULTRY DIGEST, 29 344 P476-479, OCT 1970
400 70 0113 RIOLEN S f JOHNSON H S
LOCATING A POULTRY ENTERPRISE KEYWORDS NEIGHBORS ECGS
PUULTRY DIGEST, 29 344 , P495-496, OCT 1970
400 70 0268 ANON
MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE DISPOSAL U1TIMATE DISPOSAL WASTE STORAGE FACILITIES FARM WAST
ES STACKING
HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL lit OCT 1970 PP1028.1067
400 70 0308 HARTMAN R C
DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES SIOTTED-FLOOR VENTILATION
POULTRY DIGEST DEC 1970 P 580-583
400 TO 0351 FAULKNER c
DAIRY-SET-UP FOR 200 COWS KEYWORDS LAGOON COSTS FREE-STALL-HOUSING EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON
POWER FARMING JANUARY 1.970 38-39
400 70 0357 AODISON J N
FROM THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFICATIONS SURVEY
AGRICULTURE 77 11 NOV 1970 534-536
400 70 0419 ANDERSON E 0
TURNING WASTES INTO PROFITS KEYWORDS HASTE TREATMENT POULTRY DRYING ODOR CONTROL WASTE STORAGE
FARM OUARTERLY VOL 25 NO 6 NOV-DCC 1970 PP48-49.8S
400 70 0577 SOBEL A T
BLOCK DRYING UF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN
COMPOST SCIENCE VOL 11 N03 1970 P28-29
400 70 0579 RUSSELL J
OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE ODORS, MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS HOGS SMART-PORK-FARM 0X1
CATION-DITCHES ODORS HANDLING
FARM JOURNAL 94 8 H-10 AUC 70
400 70 1132 GERSTNER J
THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK
THE FURROW SEPT OCT 1970 P 1-2
460 70 1133 ANON
POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING FARM-WASTES LEGAL-ASPECTS LI
VESTOCK
THE FURROW SEPT OCT 1970 P 4
400 TO 1176 FRINK C R
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES NUTRIENTS SEHAGE-T
REATMENT FERTILIZERS FARM-PRACTICES
COMPOST SCIENCE NOV DEC 19TO P 14-15 7 REF
400 71 0262 BERGE 0 I
WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL CATTLE WASTE STORAGE HASTE UTILIZATION ODOR
HANDLING
HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL 116 MARCH 25 1971 PP353i3B3
: 400 71 0264 BATES D W
HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE DUMPS FARM-WASTES CATTLE HA
NDLING-METHODS SLURRY
HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL 116 MARCH 10 1971 PP27)
WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST FACTORS CAPITAL INV
CSTNENTS MANAGEMENT
HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL 116 APRIL 10 1971 PP420
400 71 0293 SMITH W M
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITV EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH KEYWORDS EGGS EFF
ECTS POULTRY FARM-WASTES DOT PHOSPHORUS PROTEINS CONFINEMENT-PENS OYSTERS CALCIUM FEEDS AMINO-ACIOS WHEAT
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EGG-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUPEN CHICKEN-HOUSING COW-MANURE
POULTRY DIGEST MARCH 1971 P 136-137
400 71 0 94 MNUR6 MIT|S IN ,NTEG(UIEO FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CALIFORNIA FLY-CONTROl
POULTRY DIGEST P6B FEB 71
62
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400 71 02V5 ANON
PUULTKYCDIGtSTH pL"" L*YEl< "^^ KEYWORDS POULTRY bflU N-IRELAND ODOR OX IUATION-D ITCH
4uU Tl 02V7 HARTMAN » C
PUULTKY""GESTAA" °Vl:R U6El> P" K6¥WORDS "ULTRY FSRH-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE
400 71 029B OLSON t A
NrNASANAlINGNf "$T6S IU PKEVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATEK-DISPCSAL WASTE-MANAGED
NEBRASKA FAKMER APRIL 1171 P 18 20 22
400 71 0305 LAURA R 0 IDNANI M A
of,I?!IIJI^r^Fo6,c!T?': OESS'"T10N ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION MIC
RUB1AL DECOMPOSITION ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION EffECT
CURKENI SCI VOL 40 NO 7 1971 PP158
400 71 03U9 WILLSON G B
POULTR^ "lGESTLJpl32-3«EJULy*nT °°MS KEYWORDS FILTERS OUST MATER-SPRAY CONTROL POULTRY ODORS
400 71 0311 BKESSLER GO
KeYHORDS 1EROB't ANAEROBIC STORAGE OOORS MANOUNG
M HASTES POULTRY WASTE DISPOSAL DRIED POULTRY WASTE DIETS WASTE T
KCMinC'XIKtl.TLLbU
POULTRY DIGEST VOL 30 351 MAY 1S71 PP231-233
400 71 0329 HARKOLO T :
INCI^"TION "«TE '««T«NT DISPOSE HATCHERY
4UU 71 0339 JOHNSON C '
NLOISPOSAr*y "ANURE PROBLE>'S KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED WATER HOGS OXIOAT ION-DITCH FLUSHING-GUTTER COLLECTID
HOG FARM MANAGEMENT 8 1 , P 23-25128, JAN 1971
4UO 71 034S ANON
?SuLTRYXDIG6S?? p4U?jSNU«YAi,71EVHORDS ('01"-TRY"'">OST1NG MIXING DISPOSAL
4UU 71 0350 ADOLPH R H
!f,.^™U "
POULTRY DI
41/0 71 0*35 VIETS F 0 JR
,.™ "*NURE KEMOVAL TO AVOID FLY BREEDING KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA POULTRY ODORS FLY
POULTRY DIGEST, P 29, JANUARY 1971
•
' C*TUE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL AIR POLLUTION WASTE DUMPS WASTE
AG SCI REVIEW VOL 9 NO 1 1ST OUAH 1971 PP1-8
400 71 0446 CHUMNEY R 0
400 71 0*56 SKINNER J L
TRY TO KEEP ODORS UNDER CONTROL KEYWORDS ODORS CONTROL
POULTRY DIGEST P16 MARCH 71
400 71 0*63 ANON
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS CHEMICAL POULTRY CHARACTERISTICS
POULTRY DIGEST PP439-441 SEPT 1971
400 71 0*65 CALV6RT C C '
FEED ADDITIVE RESIDUES IK POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS AOOI T I VE-RE S I DUES POULTRY
POULTRY DIGEST PP"3»6-3<)8 AUC 1971 .
400 71 0504 ANON .
SS,S,,TTS! E!?I?**T1NG POUL'"tY MANURE KtYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILISERS EOUIPMENT COST DEHYDRAT ING-POULTRY
POULTRY DIGEST , P l*3i MARCH 1971 : •
400 71 0505 FEREBEE DC
S!i.iri?!MENT"ltE*R">IS OF Tulll'eYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSYCHHOMETR ICS CONTROLS TURKEYS
POULTRY DIGEST P 110-112 MARCH 1971
*UO 71 0568 FAIR BANK W C BRAMHALL EL
D!*?NG"*D D1SI>OS*L Bv "ENOiRine KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ART IFICAL-USE HASTE-DISPOSAL DISPOSAL REN
POULTY DIGEST VOL 30 NO 358 DEC 1971 PP600-601
400 71 OS7S OSTRANDER C E
63
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4i,j 71 U6fc6 >l*l! (.
•::t. P^CCuSS CJ'JVtiUS CATTLE RUMtN TC FEEUSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE HASTE-TREATMEN1 SUSPENOEO-SOL IDS FARH-WAS
TEi FEEC.STUFF
FcElSTUFFS VCL 43 \0 2R JULY 10 1971
"I.- 71 U7JI TURKS!* C 0
ijISPUSIiV, DF APICAL »AiT£S KEYhOROS FARM-HASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER DISPOSING
C-tCPS A'.', jCILS Feo^uASY H71 P 10-11
••'-•'j 71 0753 VA\ CM" J PffMY C A
f'tNuRE CAN bL P".C;CESSfu »NO SCLl. AT «, PKOF1T KEYkCKD FEEOLOT CATTLE MAHKET-VALUE WASTE-DISPOSAL REUSE
IHE OKACTICING NUT* I 110;
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4UO 72 1173 ANON
NEW ODOR CONTROL PKDDUCT KEYWORDS ODOR HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTA
SSIUM ASH CUTLf. FARM-WASTES AIR-POLLUTION HASTE-TREATMENT OKLAHOMA
CALF NEWS V 10 NO 7 JULY 1972 P 22
4GO 72 1179 AMON
THE PK1CC TAG TO STOP FEEDLUT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETTLING-BASINS LAGO
ONS IRRIGATION NUTRIENTS RUNOFF DIVERSION-STRUCTURES TERRACES-AGRICULTURAL MISSOURI INSTALLATION-COSTS 0
PEKAT1NG-COSTS CATTLE
BEEF u H NO 8 APM 1972 P 6-7 4 TAB
400 71 1007 ANON
F€EUESS SCOLOEO FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOMICS CATTLE F6EDLOT
S HASTE-DISPOSAL FeRTILUER IEXAS IRRIGATION RETENTION-PONDS PLAYA-LAKES
BEEF VOL 9 NO 7 MARCH 1973 P 43 66 1 FIG
<>00 73 1063 CARMAN U H
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES SOILS EUTROPHIC
AT1QN LIVESTOCK AGRICULTURE FARM-WASTES FARM-ANIMALS FERTILIZERS FEED-LOTS ALGAE PLANKTON NUTRIENTS CIRBO
N-OIOXIUE HELLS LAKES BALANCE-OF-NATURE
CROPS 1 SOILS VOL 25 NO 9 AUG-SEPT 1973 P 14-19
400 71 1068 ZUROHSK! T
MEM FEEOLOT CUNCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-LOTS NUTRIE
NTS FEEDS ECONOMICS BACTERIA REFEEOING COHMEL FARH-ECOLO&Y-COMPANY FQOO-ANO-DRUG-ADHIN1STRAT10N COWOOMIN
IUM
FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT VOL 15 NO « HUG 1973 P 26 1 FIG
400 73 1073 B1ELBY D H MILLER 1 H WEBBER L R
NITRATE CONTENT Of PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYHOKOS NITRATES FARM-HASTES LYSIHETERS CORN SLUR
RIES WASTE-DISPOSAL GROUNDUATER SOILS POULTRY IRRIGATION OENI TRIFICATION ONTARIO PERCOLATES GUELPH-SANDY-L
0AM '
JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION VOL Z8 NO 3 MAY-JUNE 1973 f 124-126 4 TAB 3 REF
400 73 1140 ANON
ANOTHER POSSIBLE PROCESS FOR MANURE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT FERTILIZERS AMMONIA
CALF NEWS V 11 NO 1 JAN 1973 P 38
400 73 114? ANON '
FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING FEEDS EQUIPMENT CALIFORNIA FEED
S
CALF NEWS V 11 NO I JAN 1973 P 28-29 52
400 73 1158 SWANSON N
DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EH KE1WOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-01 SPOSAL HATER-
POLLUTION-CONfRUL IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS FLOOD-PROTECTION DIKES SUMPS BASINS NEBRASKA CATTLE SOIL-CONSERVATIO
N-SERVICE RURAL -ENVIRONMENTAL- ASS I STANCE- PROGRAM
REPRINTED FROM NEBRASKA FARMER FEB J 1973 P 13-15 1 FIG
400 73 1168 ELAN H L
CALIFORNIA HASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYHORUS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING EFFLUENT NITRATES
SALTS LEAKAGE PUMP RECYCLING DAIRY-INDUSTRY CALIFORNIA WASTE-VtATER-lRRIGAT ION FERTILIZERS FARM-HASTES
HOARDS DAIRYMAN V 1 IB NO 5 MAR 10 1973 P 311 362 3 FIG
tOO 73 1178 CONVERSE J C
OOOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYHORDS OOOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSIRY CONFINEMENT-PENS H
ASTE-STORAGE OXIDATION-LAGOONS GASES TOXICITY VOLATILITY AERATION VENTILATION ANHEROBtC-BACTER IA
HOARDS DAIRYMAN V 118 NO 13 JULY 10 1973 P B19
100 7} 1181 MEAOE T L
SALMON THAT NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA KEYHORDS RECIRCUL*TED-wATE* SALMON RHODE-ISLAND CONTROLLEO-ENVIRONME
NT TOXIC-HASTES DEN I TR IF 1 CAT ION-COLUMN
THE AMERICAN FISH FARMER V 4 NO 5 APR 1973 P 9-10 3 FIG
•00 7) 1183 ANON
CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYHORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS CATTLE EFFLUENT
HASTE-DISJOSAL IRRIGATION-SYSTEM FERTILIZERS ALFALFA ARIZONA
CALF NEWS V 11 NO 3 MAR 1973 P 52-53 68-69
iOO 7} 1191 MANTHEY E H
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MAN? PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS RELOCATION FARM-HASTES FEED-LOTS A
RIZONA CATTLE RETENTION-POND f LY-PARAS1TES BIOLOGICAL-FLY-CON1ROL PRECONDITIONING FEEOIUO-OUT-ANO-F IMISM
ING
FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT V 13 NO 8 ADC 1971 P 34-44
iOO 68 1299 HART S A TURNER M t
HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATION PONDS DESIGN-CR
ITEKIA ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL DOORS MOSQUITOES INSECT-CONTROL SUBSURFACE-HATERS INFILTRATID
N BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAHD AGRICULTURAL-WASTES MANURE-STA9K I 2AT ION-POND LIVESIQCK-MANURE-CHARACTERISTI
CS POND-LOADING-RATES PONO-APPEARANCE-AND-LCCATION SLUDGE-DIGESTION SLUDGE-OI SPOSAL
ADVANCES IN WATER OUAL1TY IMPROVEMENT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS AUSIIN TEXAS 1968 P 457-463 2 TAB 6 REF
HADLEIGH C H BRITT C S
INTRODUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAN WATER KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEDLOTS HASTE-PRODUCTION F
ERT1LUER
AS PRAC AND MAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 XIX-XXVI1
JOHNSON H P MOLDENHAUER H C
POLLUTION BY SEDIMENT SOURCES AND THE DETACHMENT AND TRANSPORT-PROCESSES KEYWORDS SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT SO
IL-EROSION
AG PRAC AND HAI QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 3-20
HOLT It f DOWDY R H TIMMONS D R
CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN HATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS WATER- POLLUTION CLAYS ORGANIC-MATTER SEOIHE
AG PRAC AND HAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 21-34
SOO 70 0386
500 TO 0387
500 70 0388
65
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5UO 70 0389 ANDAf ER-M»N»GE«ENl FOK MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWORDS SOIL-EROSION SEDIMENT-YIELD EROSION-CONTROL
AC PRAC AMU MAT QU4L ISU 1970
5UO 70 0390
QF pHUSpHaRUS IN HATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER DETERGENTS SEWAGE PHOSPHORUS
AG PRAC AND WAT CUAL ISU PRESS 1970 63-71
SOU 70 03V1 ,KOF SU[L AND FERTILIZER-PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TU WATER-POLLUTION KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES GROUNOWATE
R
AS t>KAC ANO HAT DUAL ISU PRESS 1970 72-93
SOURCES-OF-NITKOGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATER INFILTRATION NITRITES
AG PRAC AND WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 94-124
0 0393 ^Uf."*^ oFJNITROGENAlNESOaS KEYWOROS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING MICROORGANISMS CHE
MISTRY SOILS
AG PRAC ANO UAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 125-141
0 0394 |!*!|J[£,JE!|_M4NAGEH6N£E£*™|J0|JLUTION_COMT!(OL KEyWOROs NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION SOILS NITRATES MAN
AGEMENT
AG PRAC ANO WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 142-158
CHEMISTRY ANO METABOLISM OF INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELDRIN INSECT-CONTROL TOXAPHENE PARATHlO
N CHEMISTRY INSECTICIDES
AG PRAC AND UAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 167-182
?HEHPESTIC"DE BURDEN IN WATER ANO ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DDT SOURCES CONCENTRATIONS WATER-POLLUTION R
UNOFF PESTICIDE
AG PRAC AND WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 163-193
$00 70 0397 TIMMONS F L FRANK P A DEMINT R J
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL HATER FROM CONTROL OF A8UATIC AND BANK WEEDS KEYWORDS 2-4-0 AQOATIC-W
EEOS RESIDUES CONTROL
AG PRAC AND WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 194-208
PESTICIDES AND PEST-MANAGEMENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWOROS PgST-CONTROL APPL1E
D-CONTROLS PESTICIDES PEST-MANAGEMENT
AG PRAC AND HAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 209-223
500 70 0399 "J H ' 0-SPREAD MANURE AS SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS RUNOFF BOO CO
D LAGOON-EFFLUENT LAGOONS FEEULOTS
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, ISU PRESS, 1970 231-240
I!ANUREAOECOHPOSITIONFANDEFATE ^BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOILS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERTILIZER COMPOSITION Ml
CROQRGANISMS DECOMPOSITION SQILS
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 2*1-255
500 70 0401 RNFORMATIONS ANO FATE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYWOROS DISPOSAL MICROORGANISMS OXIDA
TION-DITCH ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LAGOONS AERATION DESIGN-CRITERIA DECOMPOSITION
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 256-264
500 70 0402 ORMN|SH5 OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY WATER-TRANSFER BACTERIA
VIRUS FUNGI DISEASE
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 265-285
500 TO 0403 HANACEMENT T0 MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UTILIZATION DISPOSAL
LAGOONS MANAGEMENT
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 286-297
500 70 0404 IgMJ^HJ AGRICULTURAL_POUUTANTS WITH SROUNOWATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ZONE-OF-SATURATION WATER-TA
BLE STANDARDS MOVEMENT
AG PRAC ANO WAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 303-313
500 70 0405 ^TRaN^OJ^^^^OHUCH^G^^ ^ EUTR()()HICATION KEVWROS NIIROSEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRATE'RUNOFF GROUNOWAT
ER EFFECTS EUTROPHICATION
AG PRAC ANO WAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 314-330
500700406 «M^L0« 16RICUL ^""POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WATERS KEYWORDS RECREATION FISH PEST
ICIDES EFFECTS
AG PRAC ANO WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 331-343
500 70 0*07 8AUMANN E R ^J!*",,* TH£ f£AS,BIUTY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED WASTE-TREATMENT KEYWOROS TERTIARY-TRE
ATMENT BOO NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS ALGAE CHLOROPHYLL EFFECTS RUNOFF
AG PRAC AND WAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 34*-362
500 70 0*08 H^ES_NSWE(_TS KeYyORDS WAm.POUUT,ON PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES NUISANCE PUBLIC-MEN
66
ASEPRACEA*0 MAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 365-376
-------
500 70 040") TIMHONS J F
ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS DUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES MEASUREMENT ECONOM
AS PRAC AND WAT CiUAL ISU PRESS 1970 377-389
5UG 70 0410 RAOEMACHER J M
"STRESS "J§R;;SiM"ON F6EOL°TS REGISTR"'°N «««"»"» WASTE-MANAGEMENT
500 70 0411 BERNARD H
SG'PRTAND^AT SUALG?SUSPRE!S^?^ 3SA:ER.7PULLIJTION "*T"-««"TY ™« STANDARDS ENVIRONMENT
500 71 1072 PETERSON J R MCCALLA T M SMITH G E
IL-SROFHErLAGOONS^A^ScEM?1^^^?. DWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIGATION NITKATES SO
CAL-PROPERTIES p2«I?l wn»«T?J« ?r FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION ODOR LEACHING CHEMI
-SLUDGE PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES MICROBI AL-COMPUSITION CROPS TOXICITY HUMAN-WASTES PLANT-YIELDS DIGESTED
FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY £ USE 2ND EDITION SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1971 P 557-596 27 TAB I FIG
iOO 71 1254 ANONYMOUS
N??ROGENEF?S?Sr «irS?»!'UN CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOSYNTHET IC-BACTERIA
500 71 1255 JENSEN R MACKEY D R
1'" ' "*"* """ FEE"-LOTS "«"-««» N»TER-POLLUT,ON-SQURCES
600 66 0471 MOORE J A HART S A
ING WINTER NDRYINGTPOULTRYY1NG °* POULTRV MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS SUBLIMATION FREEZ
PACIFIC COAST REGION ASAE PAPER NO PC 68-121
600 69 1005 CRAWFORD R E
600 69 1004 STEWART R E BAILEY JR £ M
WMeMl..-,: K?YH°RDS "TTLE TEMPERATURE-CONTROL HUHIOITV HYPOTHALHUS C
C-TEMPERATURE "ESPIRAT ION-RATE THERMAL-ENVIRONMENT HYPOTHALMIC-HEATING RECTAL-TEMPERATURE HYPOTHALMI
EN6"
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SOU 71 0100 CROSS 0 E MAZURAK A P CHESNIN I
ANIMAL WHSTE UTILIZATION FOK POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICATION RUNOFF PERCOLATION
ASAE PAPER "IQ 71-906 23PP CHICAGO DEC 1971
bud 71 0271 GUfcRING E LIPHER R I MANGES H L
GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CROP-RESPONSE GROWTH-
CHAMBERS RATCS TREATMENTS
ASAE PAPER NU MC-71-104 17 PAGES
600 71 0272 PERSON H L MINER J R
A DOSING-SIPHUN FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN DATA E8UIPMENT TEST
-PROCEDURES FLUSHINli-GUT TERS
ASAt PAPER MC-71-105 22 PAGES
600 71 0288 ALLEN J B MC WHUKIER J C
FIELD CHOP IRRIGATION WITH OXIDATION POND EFFLUENT KEYWORDS MISSISSIPPI IRRIGATION OXIDATION-POND
PAPER 71-246 AMER SOC AGRIC ENGRS 26 P
600 71 0493 ROUblNS J W 0 KRI2 G J HUWELLS 0 H
NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FKOM ANIMAL PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COLIFORMS RUNOFF BOO TOC DISPOSA
L NITROGEN!
ASAE PAPER NO MC-71-102 20 PAGES
600 71 0494 IFfADT C N OESHAZER J A
A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE CONFINEMENT
HOUSING KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES ODORS VENTILATION AMMONIA EFFECTS VENTILATION-SYSTEMS SWINE
AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-103 9 PAGES
600 71 0495 LIPPER R I MANGES H L GOERING E
CONTAMINATION Of SURFACE WATERS FROM PLOWED-IN FSEDLOf MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISPOSAL FEEOLOT-MANU
RE
AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-803 4 PAGES
600 71 0496 KOELLIKER J K MINER J R
DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION MASS-TRANSFER NITR
OG£N BALANCE DESORPTION LAGOONS
AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-804 21 PAGES
600 71 0497 HAYES H F
DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS
AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-805 15 PAGES
600 72 1001 MULKEY L A SMITH R E
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR TRICKLIN
G-FILTERS FLOW-RATES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND FARM-WASTES HOGS FEEDLOTS INCLINED-PLANE CONTACT-TIME ORGA
NIC-REMOVAL PSYCHODA-FLY-LARVAE DESIGN-EQUATIONS
PAPER NO 72-952 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC U-15
1972 16 P 2 TAB I FIG 14 REF
600 72 1002
600 72 1004
600 72 1031
600 72 1071
600 72 1074
600 72 1076
600 72 1148
USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR SUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULATION CLEAN-AIR-AC
T FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK MEASUREMENT QUALITY FEED-LOTS INTENSITY PRIMARY-OOOR-LIST SYRINGE-OILUT ION-PROCE
PAPER NO 72-441 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-30 1972 3 TAB 19 REF
BARTH C L HILL D T POLKQWSKI L B
CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES PHYSICA
L-PROPERT1ES AIR-POLLUTION DAIRY-INDUSTRY FARM-WASTES CATTLE WASTE-STORAGE AMMONIA HYDROGEN-SULF IDE ODOR
-INTENSITY-INDEX LIQUIFIED-WASTE-HANAGEHENT OOORANTS VOLATI LE-ORGANIC-AC1B ACETIC-ACID PH
PAPER NO 72-950 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15
1972 17 P 2 TAB 9 FIG 24 REF
ELECTRIC" IN-HOUSE DRYING^ POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL
-PROPERTIES MOISTURE FERTILIZERS WASTE-DISPOSAL NEW-YORK IN-HOUSE-DRYING HIGH-RI SE-POULTRt-HOUSE C1RCULAT
pSpER*NO Tl-806SI«JllCANRSOC?ETSSOF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-lS
1972 12 P 3 TAB 9 FIG ''.
peDcnij u t MINER J R HAZEN T E MANN A R
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS HOCS WASTE- TREATMENT
F«M"ASTES FEED-LOTS IOWA AERATED-LAGOONS OXIDATION-LAGOONS EFFLUENT NUTRIENTS BACTERIA FUNGI SLIME ODO
R PUMPING MAINTENANCE WATER-flUALITY HASTE-TRANSPORT WASTE-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS ROTATION-BIOLOGICAL-CONTACTO
PAPERSNON?2-4UEAMER?cSNLSOCIETtNo2GAGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE*
27-30 1972 30 P 2 TAB 8 FIG 6 REF
SPRli"lN6 CATTLE FO^RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS^KEmRDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR-CONDITIONING TENP
;;::SSMI1!S!te«Is«iiT»HS"«;ie5M55Stliw?5i;M"i.T2 ANNUAL «ET,NG HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-30 1972 UPS TAB 1 FIG
StrHS FEATURE HIoS-PRESSURE EXTRUS lON^'c^CKENSxCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-TREATMENT
REC?C NG TEMPERATURE REsluRE noismE-CONTENT EXTRUSION THERMAL-DESTRUCTION URIC-ACID CHEMICAL-CHANGES
Dbv«irAl-|-HANKFS STERILIZATION FLASH-VOLITAHZATION MICROS! AL-URGANISMS
pJ«R NO Tl-tSS MMI CAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-30 1972 22 P 1 TAB 6 FIG 17 REF
SAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY"SELF SEALING^KEYHORUS GROUNDWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES INFILTRATION-RATES
27-30 1972
10 P 2 TAB 1 FIG 10 REF
1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
68
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600 72 1149
fcUO 72 1150
600 72 11S1
600 72 1153
600 72 1154
60O 72 1156
SbHELL J |
MANU*E SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOFF GROUNOWATER SLU
RRIES IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS CATTLE FARM-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS
PAPER NU 7J-443 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING MOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-10 l<>72 13 P 7 FIG 5 HEF
BATES D W
ObSERVATlONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-STORAGE STALL-BARN SOLID-ALL
EYS SLATTED-ALLEYS LtUUIU-MANURE-SYSTEMS STACKING-SYSTS« LIOUlO-STQRiGE-SYSTEW «eOOING FREE-StlLL-BARM
PAPER NO 72-413 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
2P-30 1972 3 P
NAbBEN K
IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES KEYWORDS VENT1LAT
ION VIH.U5-PNEUMONUi-IN-Bf.f.F-CATTLE-FOGGlNG VELOMETER-TEST
PAPER NO 72-449 AMERICAN SOCIETY UF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-30 1972 7 P
PAINE M D WITZ J A BUTCHBAKER A F BACON C M NCCROSKEY J E
MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION Of ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS MATHEMATICAL-MODELS ENE
RGY SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS FARM-WASTES CATTLE ANIMAL-ME1ABOLISM BIOENERGETICS
PACEK NO 72-510 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-30 1972 25 P 2 TAB B FIG 26 REF
PONTIF J NIPPER W A LOYACANO A F
WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA
KS CLIMATES CATTLE FEED-LOTS SHELTERS FANS
PAPER NO 72-425 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
27-30 1972 23 P 7 TAB 6 FIG 6 «EF
BRAUD J
KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES LOUISIANA WINDBREA
1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
CRAMER C 0 CONVERSE J C HSU T S
SttPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS SEEPAGE FARM-WASTES CAT
TLE SOLID-HASTES ORGANIC-MATTER NUTRIENTS NITRCGEN CUD BOD PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES VOLAML
ITY DEGRADATION-DECOMPOSITION OAIRY WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE WISCONSIN MANURE-STACKING BEDDING STEAM-
DISTILL AT ION-METHOD
PAPER NO 72-442 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 MEETING 1972 23 P 8 TAB IV FIG 15 REf
AL 2AKRI A S FREY A L
ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN IOWA SEWAGE-SLU
DGE-TREATMENT FREEZE-THAW-TESTS EXTRACTION EiCHERICHIA-COLI RECYCLING WASTE-TREATMENT BAC1LLUS-MECATERIU
M BltRET-REACTION
PAPER NO 72-5EI AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15
1972 18 P 3 TAB 19 REF
REOOELL 0 L LYERLY P J HEFNER J J
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS CULTIVATION CROP-
YIELD NITRATES FORAGE SALINITY FARM-HASTES CATTLE WASTE-DISPOSAL TEXAS GROUND-WATER IRRIGATION AOUIFER FE
RTILIZERS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS
PAPER NO 72 960 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS 1972 14 P
7 TAB 2 FIG 9 REF
MANGES H L MURPHY L S GOERING E H
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEULOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE FEED-LOTS RUNOF
F RATES-OF-APPLICAUON IRRIGATION CORM-FIELC SOIL-PROPERTIES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM SODIUM SALINI
TY GREENSBERG-SILITY-CLAY-LUAN PLANT-POPULATION FORAGE-YIELDS
PAPER NO 72-961 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15
1972 12 P 1 TAB S FIG 6 REF
BUTCHBAKER A F MAHONEY G M A CARTON J E
CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL CA
TTLE TEMPERATURE 6EEF-HOUSING-SYSTEM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS MOISTURE-DEFICIT AERATED-LAGOONS MANAGEMENT SITE-
SELECTION
PAPER MO 72-410 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 65TH ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE
27-30 1972 35 P 1 TAB 10 FIG 28 REF
BOORAM C V HAZEN T E FREDERICK L R
EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS HOGS CAtTLE tOHA FARM-WASTES CON
FINEMENT-PENS LAGDONS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS EFFLUENTS NUTRIENTS ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTANCE SALTS WASTE-DISPOSA
L IRRIGATION TOXICITY WATER-POLLUTION CORN-FIELD SOIL-CONTAMINATION HASTE-QUALITY CLARION-WEBST6R-SOIL TI
LE-DRAINEO-GRASS-PLOTS PLANT-TISSUES
PAPER NO 73-239 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1973 ANNUAL MEETING UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEX
1NGTON JUNE 17-20 1973 19 P 17 TAB 1 FIG 16 REF
FftECKS 0 A GILBERTSON C 8
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTFS KENTUCK
Y FEEDS DIGESTION VOLATILITY SHRINKAGE POROSITY CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES VQLUMETP.K-ANHLY
SIS SIEVE-ANALYSIS DENSITY WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE SOLIDS MOISIURE-CONTENT CHEMICAl-UXYGEN-DfMAND E
NG1NEERING RATION DRYING-RATES
PAPER NO 73-442 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF APRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 66TH ANNUAL MEETING UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEX
INGTON JUNE 17-20 1973 24 P 6 TAB 6 FIG 20 REF
SWEETEN J M ALLEN M S RiEDOElL D L
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL GROUNOWATEK
PBLLUTANTS AQUIFERS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT FERTILIZERS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES
CATTIE FEDDERS INFORMATION PUBLICATION NO L 109* TEXAS A M UNIVEHSITY COLLE&E STATION TEXAS 197
3 * P
700 ia 0330 BELLA R A
CONFINED S«1NE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ROTOR-DESIGN OXYGEN-TRANSFER SHINE DISPOSAL
MS, THESIS DEPT CIVIL ENGR KANSAS UNIV 15TP 1968
700 69 0712 JEX E M
CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS BOD HYDROGEN-IUN-CUNCENTRAr ION REOOX-POTF.N11 AL C
HARACTERISTICi
MS THESIS COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS 70P JAN 69
600 72 1163
600 72 1169
600 72 1177
6DO T2 1262
600 73 1065
600 73 1075
600 73 1147
69
-------
700 69 1067 NjjRDSTEOT R STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL MSI
E-STORAGE AlS-POUUTION LIVESTOCK FEED-LOTS FERTILISERS NUTRIENTS NITRATES EFFLUENT DIFFUSION SCHEDULING-*
DISSERTATION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 1969 101 P 25 TAB IT FIG
23 REF
TOO 70 0231 *jJJ*}J;F^Nce OF FEEO tou,TivES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS BOD
LAGOON ZINC COPPER CHLOROTETRACYCL I NE FECAL STREPTOCOCCUS COD VS ADDITIVES SWINE
MS TMESIS OEPT BIOLOGICAL AND AGRIC ENGR NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNlV 72P 1970
700 70 10*6 HUDSON B^L ^^ ^^^ „„„„„» ,N DELAHA(IE 4NO APPROPR. »" ""fl""1- «J" TJ""g
N KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT POULTRY WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCt S B10CHE
MICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND INDUSTRIES DELAWARE SEWAGE-DISTRICTS TAXES S!W*«-»S!E"HENTS
M S THESIS OWRR B-003-OEL3 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD ECONOMICS DELAWARE UNIVERSITY JUNE 1970 1
2 P 4 TAB 26 FIG 40 REF
TOO 70 1066 oLLUT By SW,N£ pROOUCr,ON OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT ««TE-01SPOSAL HYDROGRAPHS HOGS NORTH-C
AROLINA NUTRIENTS LAGOONS SOILS HUNOFF INFLUENT VACTERIA SURFACE-WATERS WATER-P OLIUT ION °»«'N»« "*"?* .,
FARM-WASTES HYOROLOGIC- SYSTEMS SAMPLING BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO NITROGEN PHOSPHATES B10DEGRAOAI ION ORGAN
PH"O*THESISSDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY 19
70 440 P 48 TAB 51 FIG 57 REF
700 70 1109 SCARBOROUGH J H^ L4GOON T«.TIN6 SWINE HASTES KEYWORDS «|«;-»««! J HOM ^i«°B't-°!"" ««
SLURRIES CONFINEMENT-PENS FARM-MANAGEMENT WASIE-TREATMENT SAMPLING BIOCHEM ICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO CHEMICAL-OXY
"" NITROGEN SEDIMENTATION WATER-POLLUT ION-SOURCES
ODOR OXIDATION-LAGOONS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT ...,, rn,,Cre .nr laTn 05 B • TAB
M S THESIS DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY STATE COLLEGE AUG 1970 92 P B TAB
24 FIG 44 REF
700 70 1256 OOOORICH J PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOU-CONTAMINATION »I^»«D-SOI
LS ISOTHERMS DENI TR IF I CATION WASTE-WATER-POLLUTION ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES INSTRUMENTATION EFFLUENTS RACIOA
CTIVE-TKACER S^UHONS SClSmtATOR AUTOMA? IC-DATA-COLLECMON SANOY-LOAM-LAND-OI SPOSAL INFLUENT MOVEMEN
JH^'THESIS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING PURDUE UNIVERSITY 1970 135 P 3 TAB 57 FIG *» *
EF
700 71 1120 jjlLGIN A AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STREAMS KEYWORDS NEW
JERSEY SATER-POLLUT ION-SOURCES POLLUTANTS PHOSPHATES NITRATES SURFACE-RUNOFF LEACHING SEWAGE-DISPOSAL CH
EM1CAL-WASTE DOMESTIC-WASTES FARM-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FERTILIZERS NITROGEN-CYCLE NUTRIENTS NITRIFICA
??flS DEeS5JoS?S2"!MN?"MTwY!l!: MtioWlciTICN •it.NCf-OF-MTime B IOCHEM, CAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND M,DDLESE.-COU
fl
!rrrHES?SEOE!lRTMtENTV SOUS »NO CROPS RUTGERS UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL NEW BRUNSWICK NEW JERSEY MARCH
1971 113 P 1 TAB 29 FIG 60 REF
700 72 1048 gQELIKER J J ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONCENTRATION KEYWORD
S ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS IRRIGATION CHEM CAL-OXY6EN-DEMAN1) DENI TRIF ICATICN NITROGEN APPLICATION-RATES PHOS
PHOWS LMOONS ?M"M$TM SSsTE3»Te«-TSeiTMHT WASTE-REUSE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SOILS HOGS WASTEW.TER-D
PHPSSTHESISDOWRRLt-021-IA6"oEpI"MENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 1972 203 P 6
6 TA9 11 FIG 60 FIG
TOO 72 1049 J*"BS J J QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWOR
n^ ?c™nM?cs IATER^SALITY-CONTROL POLLUTANTS AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF SEDIMENTS PHOSPHORUS IOWA WATER-MANAGE
S NT!A?PU " "T "-POuiTloN-souScEt°cLos?-^LYS,s CULTIVATION NISHN.BOTNA-R.VER-BASIN M.NIMUM-TILLAGE
PH 0 THESIS OWRR B-015-IA2 IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 1972 208 P 58 TAB 5 FIG 129 REF
70
-------
SECTION IV
AUTHOR INDEX
71
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
AtKOTT F 0
ABBOTT J L
ABSHIRE R
ADAMS 0 F
ADAMS J L
'ADO I SUN J N
'AUOLPH R H
AIMIANO D C
.AL ZAKKI A S
ALBIN K C
[ALBRIGHT J L
'ALBUS JR C J
iALDRICH S R
.ALEXANDER R H
ALLEE D J
lALLEN J 6
ALLEN W S
ALLREU E ft
ALPHlN J M
•ALVERSON R H
'AL-TIHIMI A A
AMEKIYA M
'AMENTA J S
JAMMERMAN C B
ANDERSEN J H
jANOERSON U
.ANDERSON U F
ANDERSON E D
ANDEKSON J1 H
400 68 0038
100 68 0370
100 n 1162
300 68 0256
100 71 0722
100 69 0310
100 65 0066
400 70 0357
100 70 03*0
400 71 0350
100 71 0*50
200 71 0830
100 67 0230
200 66 0139
600 72 1163
100 69 0071
100 71 0758
ZOO 69 0165
ZOO 69 0163
200 70 0232
300 69 1180
300 71 0538
600 70 0255
600 70 0258
200 66 0126
200 73 1082
300 71 1035
100 71 0454
200 69 0203'
600 71 0288
600 73 11*7
200 66 0154
200 69 0178
200 71 0636
300 69 1125
600 70 0098
200 72 1108
100 71 0721
100 65 0066
500 70 0339
100 70 0034
100 73 1190
200 64 0750
200 71 0603
200 71 0821
400 70 0415
400 72 1166
100 69 0373
100 70 0013
200 66 0119
100 70 0065
100 70 0085
100 70 1051
100 71 0348
200 69 1117
200 71 0619
200 71 0620
1300 1105
300 62 0754
300 65 0053
300 68 0702
300 68 0741
300 69 0300
300 69 1060
300 69 1061
300 69 1103
300 70 0384
300 70 0385
300 71 0677
300 71 1008
300 71 1055
300 71 1098
300 71 1106
300 71 1107
300 72 1003
300 72 1146
400 65 0332
400 68 0015
400 69 0016
400 70 0069
400 70 0092
400 70 0268
400 70 1133
400 71 0294
400 71 0295
400 71 0313
400 71 0349
400 71 0463
400 71 0504
400 71 1131
400 71 1134
400 71 1135
400 71 1136
400 71 1139
400 71 1143
400 71 1172
400 71 1174
400 72 1032
400 72 1130
400 72 1171
ANONYMOUS
ANTHONISEN A C
ANTHONY W 6
ANTONIE R L
APPELL H R
APPELL J R
AKIAIL J 0
ARMSTRONG A E
ARMSTRONG 0 E
ASAE SPONSOR
ATOMIC-ABSORPTION
ATTOE 0 J
AXLEY J H
BACHE D H
BACON C M
BAOAL1CH J P
BADGER 0 D
BAILEY J W
BAILEY JR E M
BAIN K C JR
BAINES S
BAKER 0 H
BALAKRISHNAN S
BALDWIN B
BALDWIN L B
BALDWIN R A
8AMESBERGER W L
BARF1ELO B J
BARKER B
BARR H t
BAARE H J
BARRETT f
BARTH C
BARTH C L
BARTLETT H 0
BARTROP T H C
BATES 0 M
BATEY T
BAUMANN E R
BAXTER S H
BAYLEY H S
BAYLEV N 0
BAYLEV NED 0
BEATTY M T
BECK L A
BEER C E
BEGIN J J
BELKO J
BELL J M
BELL R G
400 72 1173
400 72 1179
400 73 1007
400 73 1140
400 73 1145
400 73 1183
100 70 1251
300 26 1204
300 30 1205
300 46 1207
300 46 1208
300 53 1206
300 67 1249
300 68 1202
300 68 1209
300 69 1203
300 70 1201
300 70 1247
300 71 1246
500 71 1254
200 71 0821
100 70 0418
100 70 0723
100 71 0751
200 66 0146
200 6B 0725
200 69 0171
200 71 084!
200 69 0056
300 71 1081
300 70 1084
200 71 0811
700 70 0231
200 71 0614
500 70 0405
200 66 0115
•SP100 71 1221
100 70 0021
100 71 0571
200 66 0116
300 68 1122
200 71 0857
200 70 0114
200 71 0705
600 72 1153
200 69 0544
200 69 0551
200 71 0819
300 70 1192
600 69 1239
600 69 1006
300 70 0491
200 70 0252
100 69 0361
200 71 0618
200 71 0795
200 71 0782
300 71 1056
100 69 0310
200 71 1096
200 69 0552
100 69 0360
200 71 0769
200 70 0242
200 69 0525
600 70 0469
200 71 0840
600 72 1002
600 72 1004
200 71 0834
600 70 0080
200 70 0239
200 69 0706
400 71 0264
600 72 1150
100 73 1069
100 64 0474
100 70 0102
500 70 0407
100 68 0381
200 70 0251
200 71 0825
100 70 0027
100 70 0367
100 70 0365
200 71 0763
200 69 0523
300 70 0487
100 70 0458
200 71 0855
300 71 0639
200 71 0797
200 71 0860
100 68 0296
200 71 0838
100 70 OOB4
100 70 0094
100 71 0682
100 71 0729
200 71 0824
BELLA R
BELLA R A
BELtO T R
BENOUEN T H
BENNE E J
8ERGE 0 I
BERGMAN E L
BERKOwITZ J
BERNARD H
BERNARD L R
BEROZA M
BERRY E C
BEKRY G
BERRY P S
BERRYMAN C
BERTRANO A R
BETHEA R M
SEVILLE B
BEYERS K J
BHAGAI S K
BHATTACHARYA A N
81ELBY 0 H
BIGGAR J W
BILGIN A
BINIEK J P
BISHOP S E
BISSONNETTf. G K
BLACK C A
BLACK R J
BLACK S A
BLACKMAN W C
BLETNEK J K
BLOODGOOD D E
BODENHAMER S H
BODY U A
60LINO J A
BONO T E
80URAM C V
BOPANDIKAR M V
BORDEAUX JR A F
BOKONER R H
BORNE B J
BOULOIN D R
BOUHER H
BOWMAN M C
BOYO J S
BOYLE H C
BRADLEY H
BRAOLEV N W
BRADY N C
BRAIDS 0 C
BRAMHALL E L
BRATILER J M
BRAUD 4
BRAY R H
BRESSLER G 0
8REVIK T J
BRIUGHAN U 0
BRINCK C W
BR1SB1N I L
BRITT C S
BRODIE H L
BROMEL M
BROMEL M C
BRCJOKEft R B
BROOKS L A
BROWN C M JR
BROWN J K
BROWN R L
300 67 1253
700 68 0330
100 70 0270
200 66 0438
300 71 0630
200 69 0524
400 71 0262
400 71 0267
200 71 0783
300 71 0412
100 6V 0736
100 70 0051
200 69 0160
200 69 0565
200 71 0603
300 70 0492
500 70 0411
200 66 1112
100 70 1090
200 66 0132
100 67 0041
200 70 1050
100 73 1069
200 70 0237
100 71 0509
100 72 1188
200 70 0755
300 71 1126
100 69 0030
100 65 1079
100 66 0422
200 66 0145
400 73 1073
100 66 0063
700 71 1120
200 69 0198
200 69 11(5
100 71 0450
200 71 0830
100-71 1212
500 70 0391
200 69 0517
100 70 0083
300 67 0710
100 65 0378
100 73 108*
100 71 0588
200 69 0167
200 69 0566
100 73 1069
100 71 0441
100 71 0462
100 73 1263
100 70 0014
200 66 0125
200 71 0777
200 72 1024
600 73 1065
200 69 1102
200 71 1094
100 62 03(2
100 70 0019
400 64 0358
200 71 0648
100 68 0461
100 70 1090
200 71 0815
300 70 0208
100 70 1230
400 65 0415
100 71 0441
100 71 0462
100 73 1263
200 70 0322
300 70 0475
400 71 0568
100 70 0413
200 69 0170
600 72 1154
200 69 0522
100 70 0025
100 70 0107
200 71 0783
300 71 0412
400 71 0311
200 69 0524
200 66 0135
200 70 1175
300 71 1126
400 69 1225
500 70 0386
300 68 0352
300 72 1170
200 71 0795
200 71 0641
100 70 0678
200 69 0524
200 66 0126
300 65 0739
300 71 0099
72
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
b
-------
EL-SABBAN F F
CL-SHARKAHI F M
ENGBERG R A
EPPS E A
ERR K E
ERUMANN A A
ERHARDT W H
EKICKSON A E
ERICKSON D B
ERICKSON L E
ESMAY M L
EVANS C E
EVANS D
EVANS M R
EVANS H A
EVERINGHAM R
EVERSOLE J S
FAIR J F
FA1RBA1RN C B
FAIRBANK M
FAIRBANK W C
HAN L T
FARLIN S
FARRELL J B
FASSBENOER C A
FAULKNER G
FE4STEK J P
FEHREN8ACHER J B
FELOMAN M
FENG T H
FENSTER H E
FENTON R L
HEREBEE 0 C
fERRELL C L
FETH J H
FILIPI T A
FINA L R
FINCHER G T
FINSTEIN M S
FISH H
FLEGAL C J
FLETCHER D W
FUEHRENBACH J
FOERSTER E L SR
FOGG C E
FOLTZ V D
FONTENOT J P
FOREE G R
FORSYTH R J
FOSNAUGH J
FOX J 0
FRANCOS T G
FRANK P A
FKANTSI C
FKASER C
FREAR 0 E H
FRECKS G A
FREDERICK L R
FREEMAN L R
FREY A L
FRIAR OEM
FRIEDMAN S
FRINK C R
FRITSCHI E M
FROBISH L T
FROST U V
FKUS J D
FRYREAR J 1
FU Y C
FUJITA T
FUNG D V C
100 70 0*13
200 69 0196
100 TO 10*0
300 67 0711
100 73 1128
100 69 0693
100 70 0064
200 69 0520
200 71 0833
200 71 0827
300 70 0743
100 67 0104
100 70 0738
300 71 0626
200 69 0548
200 69 0519
100 72 1224
300 70 0*90
200 71 0665
100 65 1091
100 67 1258
400 70 0029
600 72 1148
200 66 0128
400 70 0097
400 71 0568
100 70 0736
200 72 1017
200 71 1033
100 72 1199
400 TO 0351
100 73 1190
300 71 1035
200 71 0772
200 69 0168
500 70 0394
100 71 1236
400 71 0505
200 73 1062
100 66 1080
20O 69 05*7
200 69 0556
100 66 0506
100 67 0302
200 66 0120
200 66 1112
100 70 0023
100 69 0736
200 70 02*0
100 70 0020
200 71 0815
200 71 0848
300 70 0205
300 70 0209
300 70 0210
300 70 0211
300 70 0212
300 71 0623
300 71 0625
300 71 0627
300 71 0628
300 71 0629
100 55 0328
100 69 1231
200 66 01*8
200 71 0770
100 6* 03*5
100 65 1079
100 66 0*22
200 66 01*5
200 Tl 0847
200 69 0180
100 65 0344
300 69 0*67
600 72 1076
200 69 0533
500 70 0397
100 71 07*2
100 73 1088
209 69 0170
200 69 0196
600 T3 1075
500 TO 0*00
600 73 1065
300 TO 0*88
600 72 1163
100 70 0*13
300 71 1081
100 71 0*53
200 70 0222
300 70 0592
*00 70 1176
100 71 1232
300 71 0513
100 60 1078
100 71 0576
200 T2 1152
300 71 1081
100 71 0303
100 TO 0026
AUTHOR INDEX
FUNK J M
FWPCA
GAL6RAITH H
GALLER U S
CARMAN U H
GARNER G B
GARRETT W N
GARRIGUS U S
CARTON J E
GASSER M
GATES C 0
GEHRT A J
GEHRT K M
GELOREICH E
GELDREICH E E
GENETELLI E J
GENTRY J B
GENTRY R F
GEORGE K M
GERRY R W
GERSTNER J
GEYER R E
GIBBONS J
GIBBONS J M
GIBSON E A
GILBERT B N
GILBERTSON C B
GILBERTSON C B ET
GILLHAM R M
GILLILANO J
GITAY H
GIVENS R L
GlERUM J C
GIOYNA E
GOAN H C
GOD IN P
GOER ING E
GOER ING E H
GOER ING H K
,
GOFF 0 E
GOLD B
GOLDBERG M C
GOLDHAFT T H
GOLUEKE C G
GOMEZ M
GOODRICH P
GOODRICH P R
GOODRICH T 0
GORDON C H
GORDON H P
GORDON V L
GORDY J F
GORMEL B
GOSCH J M
GOULDEN C E
GOWAN U
GOMDV B R
GOYAL S M
GRAMMS L C
GRANT D W
GRANT K E
GRASS L E
GRATTO C
GRAVES 9 B
GRAVES R E
GRAY M H
100 66 0506
200 66 0120
200 69 0*23
100 71 0*68
200 71 0805
400 73 1063
300 71 0590
200 73 1062
100 71 057*
100 71 1047
200 71 0733
200 71 0779
300 71 1257
600 72 1262
100 71 1213
100 63 0289
100 72 1222
100 71 1213
100 70 1217
100 62 0382
100 71 0*8*
200 69 0163
200 71 0832
300 71 1126
100 70 0025
100 70 0*13
200 69 0196
300 71 0590
100 68 0502
400 70 1132
200 71 076*
100 68 0077
300 71 1126
400 66 035*
400 67 0336
100 72 1215
100 71 0318
100 71 0573
100 72 1129
200 71 0703
200 71 0776
200 72 1023
300 70 0010
600 73 1075
AL200 72 1010
100 68 0*52
100 69 0052
400 70 0022
100 71 0307
600 72 107*
200 70 0247
200 71 0859
300 70 1101
300 70 0212
100 68 0296
600 71 0271
600 71 0*95
600 72 1177
100 70 03*2
200 69 0169
200 71 0851
100 73 1086
200 71 0659
500 70 0392
100 69 0707
100 72 0746
300 70 0668
300 71 0628
700 70 1256
200 71 085*
100 71 1212
100 70 0342
100 70 1090
100 71 1092
200 69 0169
200 71 0851
200 70 0687
100 70 0270
100 68 0036
100 71 067*
300 69 0631
300 69 0638
300 71 067*
300 71 0675
300 70 1059
100 6* 1200
100 71 121*
200 TO 0236
200 Tl 0600
100 TO 002*
100 71 0261
100 71 0273
200 69 0195
200 71 0609
200 71 0282
600 69 1239
200 71 027*
200 69 0166
200 71 0858
200 «i9 0426
GREENE L H
GREGORY KEITH E
GRIFFIN H L
GRIFFITH C C
GRIMM K
GROSSMANN E D
GRUB M
GRUNDMAN J E
GUEST R M
GUGGOLZ J
GUMERMAN R C
GUTHRIE R K
GUTIERREZ J
HABEEtt U R
HADCJEH A V
HAEFELE E T
HALE E B
HALE M f
HALL f E
HALVURSON H 0
HAMILTON H E
HAMILTON W A
HAMM U
HAMMOND C M
HAMMOND E G
HANNAH H W
HANSEN C M
HANSEN E H
HANSEN E L
HANSEN R M
HANSON L 0
HAREIN P K
HARKNESS R E
HARL N E
HARLIN C C JR
HARMESON R H
HARMON 8 G
HARMON B M
HARPER J P
HARRIS P
HARROLD L L
HARROLD T
HART S A
HARTMAN R C
HAKTUNG L D
HASHIMOTO A G
HAZEN T E
HtALO H R
HEATH M S
HE&THCOTE » G
HECKER J F
HEFNER J J
200 69 0555
300 67 0701
100 68 0036
200 72 1028
200 68 0*34
200 68 0726
100 70 0585
200 71 0800
290 71 0813
100 63 0436
100 69 0071
200 69 0165
200 69 0183
200 70 0232
300 69 1180
300 71 0538
600 70 0254
600 70 0255
600 70 0258
400 65 11*1
200 71 0662
100 71 0569
200 66 0587
200 69 0191
100 71 0722
200 64 12*1
300 49 1210
200 66 01*4
200 71 0285
200 71 08*2
200 66 0123
200 69 0530
100 65 026}
100 73 103*
200 71 0797
200 71 1096
600 72 1076
300 71 07*5
200 70 0718
100 68 0442
200 71 0790
400 70 0068
100 58 0580
200 71 0827
200 71 0593
100 68 0442
100 69 0353
200 69 0182
200 69 0*30
300 71 0700
500 70 039*
100 70 0018
100 69 0035
300 71 1056
100 70 0299
300 71 12*5
200 71 1252
100 69 0361
200 72 1089
200 71 08*7
300 71 1238
300 70 12*8
100 70 1195
200 71 0774
400 71 0329
100 60 0059
100 63 0338
100 64 0371
100 65 0346
100 70 068*
200 66 0123
200 TO 111*
500 68 1259
600 68 0471
400 70 0308
400 Tl 0297
400 71 0315
200 71 0790
200 71 079*
300 69 0631
300 69 0635
100 6* 0*7*
100 66 0*37
100 69 0095
100 69 0096
100 69 0105
100 70 0102
100 71 0576
100 Tl 0582
200 TO 02*8
200 Tl 0740
200 Tl 0803
200 Tl 0855
400 T2 1071
600 73 1065
200 71 0660
200 71 0601
100 70 0048
100 73 1155
600 72 1169
74
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
HEGG K 0
. HCIOAK F A
HELLICKSON M A
HELLMAN L
HtNDERSON H E
HcMDEKSDN J M
HE1SLER R F
HERMANSON
HERO G H
HtRRICK R 8
HIBBEHD R L
H1BBS 0 M
H1CK6Y J L S
IIJLEMAN L H
HILL (J T
HINDS F C
MINES N M
HINESLY T 0
HOBGUOO P
HUOGEN G 0
HUOGETTS B
HODGSON A S
HUOGSUN G C
HOFFMAN R A
HULMES L U
HCJLSTEIN J C
HOLT R F
HOOVER K H
HOKE F R
HCMTEUSTINE C C
HOTTLE G A
HOWELLS D H
HUMELS D H
HOWES J R
E N
HSU T S
HUBLY D W
HUDDLESTON
HUDSON b L
HUFF C B
HULTGREN J f
HUMENIK f J
HUMPHRY; c R
HUNGATE R E
HUNT L M
HUNTER J E
HUTCHINSON G L
HUTCHINSON R E
UARBU R
IUNANI M A
IFEAUr C N
INGLETT C E
IR5ENS R L
ISAACSON H R
JACKSON S M
JACKSON M A
JACOBS G B
JACOBS J J
JANSE J F
JANSEN L M
JAHOKSKI N A
JEOELE D G
JEFFREY E A
JEFFREY R F
JENSEN A H
JENSEN E T
JENSEN R
JESSEE R S
JEX E M
JUHANNES R F
200 71
600 70
300 71
100 70
100 71
200 71
300 71
100 62
100 70
100 71
200 71
100 69
100 70
200 70
400 70
100 73
200 70
100 64
100 62
200 70
200 71
201) 71
600 72
ZOO 71
300 70
100 70
200 71
200 71
100 70
200 71
100 71
100 71
300 72
200 71
300 70
100 70
500 70
200 69
200 71
200 70
200 71
200 71
200 71
200 69
200 69
200 71
600 71
300 71
100 63
100 68
200 66
600 72
300 71
100 71
700 70
100 62
200 71
200 71
300 64
100 55
100 72
100 71
100 67
100 68
100 69
300 67
300 72
200 66
400 71
600 71
200 72
100 65
100 66
200 66
300 65
200 71
100 70
100 73
200 71
200 70
200 66
700 72
100 70
100 71
100 62
100 59
200 69
400 71
100 65
300 72
100 69
100 69
200 71
200 69
500 71
200 69
200 69
600 69
700 69
100 71
0780
0098
1238
0691
0312
0849
0627
0292
0021
0571
OS33
0095
0363
0323
0111
1165
0241
0345
0480
0217
0831
OB43
1004
0912
1036
0408
0612
0323
0064
0850
0748
1223
1052
0861
0073
0417
0388
0532
0772
0221
0782
0856
1099
0696
0708
0807
0493
0697
0436
0044
0136
1156
1056
1038
1046
0382
0740
0811
1110
0328
1215
0257
0076
0730
0103
1250
1052
0129
0305
0494
1030
0263
0478
0133
0757
0812
0260
1034
0797
0720
0140
1049
0083
0451
0480
0459
0756
1144
0378
1052
035)
0361
0469
0432
1255
0541
0193
1160
0712
0571
JOHANSON K J
JOHNSON C
JOHNSON C A
JOHNSON 0 W
JOHNSON H P
JOHNSON H S
JOHNSON
JOHNSON
J
J B
JOHNSON J D
JUHNSUN T H
JOHNSON H H
JOHNSTONE 0
JONES B A
JONES B A
JR
JONES 0 D
JONES E E
JONES G 0
JONES J 8
JONES J H
JONES K B C
JONES P H
JONES R W
JORDAN H C
JOSEPH C B
KABLER P H
KAOA J M
KALEEL R T
KAMPELMACHER E
KANG S F
KATZ S E
KEARL C D
KEETON L L
KEHR M Q
KEIM J K
KELMAN S
KEMPER M 0
KERRIGAN J E
KESLER K P
KINDELL J M
KING D R
KINNEY JR T B
KLAUSNER S D
KLEIS R W
KLINE K J
KLOMP G
KLOPFENSTEIN
KNIGHT D M
KOELIKEK J K
KOELLIKER J K
KOHLER G U
KOLEGA J J
KOON J
KOTTMAN R M
KOUPAL L R
KRAFT A A
KRAFT D J
KREIS R D
KREJCI H
KRIZ G J
KRONE R B
KUMAR M
KUTZ F W
LAAG A E
LAAK R
LANE T H
LANGENEGGEK G
T J
200 71
400 71
100 65
100 65
200 71
100 64
100 69
500 70
400 70
200 69
200 71
300 71
100 70
200 71
100 71
200 71
100 68
100 68
100 69
100 71
100 71
200 69
200 69
200 69
300 68
300 70
300 70
200 71
200 70
200 71
200 66
200 70
200 71
400 70
200 69
200 72
200 66
200 71
200 69
100 62
200 64
100 67
200 70
100 71
100 70
100 72
200 69
600 70
600 70
200 69
200 70
500 70
100 67
300 67
200 69
200 69
200 66
100 71
200 69
200 72
200 70
200 71
200 72
300 69
300 69
200 71
100 71
100 69
700 72
100 70
200 70
200 71
300 71
600 71
100 71
200 69
100 63
200 71
200 71
100 70
100 69
200 70
300 71
300 72
200 72
100 69
200 69
200 69
200 71
200 71
300 71
600 71
-------
LUWMAN 8
LOYACAUO A F
LUUINGTON 0 C
LUEBS K E
LUKE G M
LYERLY P J
MACARTHUR J
KACDONALD F U
MACKENTHUN K M
MACKEY 0 ft
MACKSCJN C J
MADDEN J M
MAHOMEY C W A
MALIK 0 0
MANAGEMENT GUIDE
MANES J 0
MANGES H L
MANN A R
MANTHEY E W
MARLAR J T
MARRIOTT L F
MARTIN J D
MARTIN R 0
KARTIN M J
MARTIN W P
MASSIE JR J R
MATHERS A C
MATSON W E
MATTHEW F L
MAYES H F
MAVES J L
MAYKOSE V B
MAZURAK A P
MC WHURTER J C
MCALLISTER J S V
MCCALLA T M
MCCARTNEY M G
MCCASKEY T A
MCCLURE W H
MCCLURO C A
MCCOY E
MCCROSKEY J E
MCEACHRON L W
MCGHEE T
MCGHEE T J
MCILWAIN R
MCKELL C M
MCKENNA M f
MCKIE 8
MCK1NNEY R 6
MCMANUS J A
MCMUNN £ W
100 69 0086
600 72 115*
100 71 067*
200 66 01*3
200 71 06*2
200 71 0657
200 71 0661
200 71 079*
3QO 69 0631
300 69 0635
}00 71 067*
300 71 0675
400 70 0091
100 73 1087
200 70 0326
200 71 0828
600 72 1169
200 71 0813
100 66 0*73
100 71 1232
200 71 0613
500 71 1255
200 66 01*2
300 70 0206
200 71 0773
200 68 0760
200 71 0733
200 71 0779
200 72 1152
300 71 1257
600 72 1262
200 66 0129
COM300 72 1157
100 71 0*6*
200 71 0778
600 71 0271
600 71 0*95
600 72 1177
600 72 1071
400 72 1138
400 73 1191
300 70 0*91
200 71 083*
600 70 025*
100 70 0028
100 70 0082
200 70 0716
100 71 0291
400 70 0070
500 70 039*
200 73 1083
200 70 0223
200 71 0826
300 1077
300 71 070*
200 69 0563
600 71 0*97
200 6* 0759
200 69 0546
100 71 0683
600 71 0100
600 71 0288
100 70 0578
100 71 0318
100 71 0573
100 72 1129
200 69 0676
200 70 0216
200 71 0583
200 71 0775
ZOO 71 0776
200 71 0798
200 72 1020
300 70 0010
500 70 0*00
500 71 1072
100 68 0011
100 71 0*60
200 71 0829
200 66 01*5
300 71 0*12
100 65 033*
200 66 0116
200 69 0*82
200 69 0518
300 68 1122
200 71 0705
600 72 1153
200 69 0201
ZOO 72 105*
100 72 1235
200 71 0835
100 70 0340
200 70 0220
100 70 0110
200 70 0728
300 67 1253
500 70 0401
100 69 10*2
200 71 0618
AUTHOR INDEX
MCNABB C G
MCNABB J
MEEK A M
MEEK 8 U
MEENAGHAN G F
MELSTED S W
MENDEL V E
MENEAR J R
MERKEL J A
MERRILL W G
MESSER J H
MEYER R C
MIDDAUGH P R
MIDDEN T M
MIELKE L M
MIELKE L N
MILLER A L
MILLER B f=
MILLER M H
MILLER R U
MILLER R W
MILLER fc 0
MILLER WILLIAM 0
MILLS K C
MINER J R
MINER J R EO
M1NSHALL N E
M1TTEE
MIYAHARA A Y
MIYAZAKI S
MOAWAO S K
MOHSENIN N M
MOLDENHAUER W C
MOLINA J A E
HONKE E J
MOORE J A
MOORE J 0
MOORE M E
MOORMAN R JR
MORGAN N 0
MORRIS G L
MORRIS W H M
200 69 0562
300 71 0590
300 72 1085
400 73 1181
200 69 0188
600 69 1239
200 70 0232
300 69 1180
300 71 0538
600 70 0255
600 70 0258
200 71 0669
100 70 001*
200 66 0125
200 73 1093
100 69 0096
200 69 0188
100 71 0*76
100 71 0572
200 71 0812
200 70 1053
200 71 0796
200 71 0660
100 72 1097
200 70 0216
200 70 022*
200 71 0775
200 73 1189
200 69 0173
300 71 0*77
400 69 0419
400 73 1073
300 70 108*
100 70 1090
100 71 1092
300 71 0515
300 71 0269
300 71 0*66
100 69 oioe
100 66 0506
100 67 010*
100 67 0302
100 69 0096
100 69 0105
100 70 00*9
100 70 0102
100 70 0228
100 70 1227
100 71 0*47
100 71 0576
200 6* 0759
200 66 OIZO
200 66 1112
200 67 073*
200 69 0549
ZOO 70 0248
200 70 0737
200 71 0*83
200 71 0788
200 71 O790
200 71 0803
200 71 0808
200 71 0855
500 70 0399
600 71 0272
600 71 0*96
600 72 1071
300 71 0*86
100 69 0061
100 70 00*2
200 69 0*82
300 72 1157
100 71 0*61
100 71 1223
100 70 10*0
600 70 0080
500 70 0387
300 70 0*75
200 71 085*
100 70 0678
200 66 0123
200 66 0128
200 69 0178
200 69 0706
200 69 1116
200 71 0823
500 70 0*03
600 68 0*71
600 70 0098
100 70 0*18
200 71 08*7
100 65 0*70
100 70 0028
100 70 0082
100 70 1090
200 70 0716
200 71 0852
200 66 0117
200 66 0152
200 71 0816
MORRISON J L
MORRISON S M
MORRISON S R
MOUM S G
MUEHLING A J
MULKEY L A
MURPHY L S
MUKTHY G K
MUSGHAVE R B
MYERS E A
N J TASK FORCE
NABBEN M
NARAYAN R S
NATZ D
NEFF M
NELSON 0 K
NELSON G L
NEVINS M P
NEWCASTLE UPON
NGUODV P 0
NICHOLS « S
NICHOLSON H P
NlENABER J A
NIGHTINGALE H I
MILES C F
NIPPER H A
NOOWELL J H
NORDSTEOT R
NOROSTEUT R A
NORTON T E
NURNBERGER F Y
NYE J C
0 BRIEN T
100 69 0081
100 67 1258
100 71 0273
200 69 0195
200 71 0809
100 70 001*
200 66 0125
200 71 0777
600 72 107*
100 69 0707
100 70 0685
200 70 1159
200 71 0607
300 69 0001
300 69 0002
300 69 0003
300 69 000*
300 69 0005
300 '69 0006
300 69 0007
300 70 1000
600 72 1001
100 71 0681
200 71 0778
300 65 0739
300 70 1059
600 72 1177
100 71 0572
200 69 0201
200 66 012*
200 70 0320
600 72 1151
100 72 1188
400 71 0686
300 71 0628
100 70 1211
200 69 0166
100 71 0273
200 69 0195
TYNE 200 70 023*
300 71 1238
100 65 1219
100 69 0061
100 70 00*2
200 66 0116
500 70 0396
100 72 1129
200 72 1015
100 70 10*1
200 70 0687
600 72 115*
200 68 072*
200 69 0175
700 69 1067
200 71 0769
200 71 0782
200 71 0791
ZOO 69 0182
200 69 0*30
600 69 1160
2UO 66 01*2
100 71 0588
200 69 0547
0 CALLAGHAN J R 100 71 0688
0 CELL R A
0 DONOGHUE P A
OGELSBY N C
OGILV1E J R
OGLESBY R T
. OKEY R W
OLECHOWSKI G C
OLSEN R J
OLSON E A
OMTVEOT 1 T
OUU URINE MEAT
QRR H L
OSCHWALD W R
USTRANOER C E
OSWALD W J
OTTOSON HOWAKO
UVERBV L R
OVERMAN A R
OWENS j o
OMENS T R
200 69 0180
J 100 71 0688
100 64 0343
200 69 0176
200 71 0841
200 71 0646
200 69 0199
200 70 0219
200 71 0818
100 69 0736
100 70 0021
100 71 0571
ZOO 69 0*82
300 69 10**
300 69 1124
200 7Z 1018
300 71 0689
400 71 0298
200 68 0760
EGGS 100 71 1221
100 71 0187
100 71 0266
300 71 1035
200 66 0122
200 69 0185
200 71 0651
400 71 0575
100 72 07*6
300 70 0668
U 200 72 1029
100 60 1078
200 70 0221
200 71 0856
100 72 1224
2 (JO 68 0*34
200 68 0726
76
-------
AUTHUH INDEX ,
LinlNb ' K
.'•INGS U J
PACKI-.lt R A
(•Al^l H II
G L
PAKKE* U F
PAKKEX II N
J L
R A
PARSU A A
PARSUNS
PARSUNS
PATEL J 0
PAUISCH G D
PAULSON U H
PAULSUN U L
PAYNE
PAYNE
PAYNE J
PEAKALL
C G
f A
0 H
PECK J M
PCDERSUN R U
CENOLETON H f
PtRRV C A
PERSON H L
PtTERS D C
PETERSON J K
PETERSON M R
PcTERSON N L
PETERSON R t
PETERSON S A
PFEFFER J T
PFOST H B
CHAR P I,
PIATT c
PICKENS L G
Pl£RCt R A
PIERCE R L
PINENTEL D
PITTWAN 0
PLOTKA 6 0
PUELMA H K
POINTER C G
POL IN 0
POLKOWSKI L 3
POLLOCK K 1
POL SON A
POMEROY 8 S
PUNTIF J
PONT IN R A
PORTER H C
PORTER M K
POS J
POWERS W L
PKATT G L
PRATT V F
PRICE D R
PRICE F
PROCTER 0 e
PROCTOR 0 E
PRYOR H J
OUARLES C L
QUICK A J
OUISENBERHY J H
RADEMACHER J M
RALL 6 0
RANKIN J 0
READ B JR
REODELL D L
100 (v'j 0066
100 t-J 0714
100 M U70t
iOll 71 OM3
POO 71 U779
3011 71 1257
60!) 72 1193
500 7J 0400
IUJ 64 01U8
200 73 10B2
200 73 1083
200 69 0173
100 69 0035
400 70 0097
100 67 0448
100 64 0690
100 71 057V
300 69 0093
li/0 66 0474
600 72 1076
2UO 70 0250
100 70 1111
100 69 0373
100 69 0374
100 70 0013
200 71 0643
200 71 065U
400 68 0101
400 71 0753
600 71 0272
600 72 1071
500 70 0398
50Q 71 ^072
300 71 0590
200 69 0557
200 69 0561
100 70 0691
100 68 0306
200 71 0837
200 71 0861
300 71 0692
100 71 0462
300 70 0743
100 67 0302
100 71 1092
200 69 0188
200 71 0796
200 71 0649
300 70 1248
100 69 0693
100 70 0064
200 70 0247
200 70 0253
200 71 0859
200 70 0244
300 71 0628
100 71 0261
200 66 0116
200 71 0840
300 68 1122
600 72 1004
100 71 0686
100 71 0307
200 71 0836
600 72 1154
100 68 0381
200 71 0842
200 69 0923
100 71 0187
100 71 0266
100 71 0729
20O 69 0187
200 71 0824
100 Tl 0681
100 69 0039
100 69 0098
200 71 0640
300 68 llg)
100 Tl 045b
200 71 0830
600 72 1031
400 70 0097
100 69 0030
200 68 O694
200 68 1187
200 71 O7B4
100 64 0072
100 70 0047
100 70 0025
200 70 0249
200 66 0129
200 69 0181
200 69 0424
200 69 0542
500 70 0410
100 70 0362
100 69 0416
100 71 0476
200 71 0828
KEDDF.ll D L
HMCt f N
RFC!) C H
KEEO M J
KEICHERT K A
REIU J I
REIU H S
RE IHAN K
KEKEKS R G
RENEKER K N
KESNIK A V
HETRUH R
REY G
RICHTER J
RtCKETTS RALPH
RICKLES R t
KIC-ACIO REAGENTS
R1DLEN S F
RHtY C T
RIXFORD C E
RDBBINS J
ROB61NS J H D
RU8ECK GO
ROBERTSON A M
ROBERTSON L S
ROBINSON J 0
ROBINSON J J
ROBINSON K
'ROBOHN w F
ROB SON C M
RODRIGUEZ J G
.ROKLICH G A
ROLLER U L
RCLLINS G H
RCLLO C A
ROSENFELD R. S
ROSS E
ROSS I J
ROZICH F J
RUF J A
RUNDLE H T A
RUSSELL J
RUSSELL P
RUSSELL W
RUSZLER P L
SALTER P J
SAUNOERS R H
SAVAN M
SAXON J R
SCALF M R
«00 72 1169
600 73 1147
100 71 0695
200 66 0130
200 69 0172
200 70 0325
400 65 0396
100 6« 0011
200 69 U175
200 71 0846
200 71 0648
400 71 1196
100 71 1038
300 71 0744
200 69 0181
200 69 0424
200 69 0560
200 70 0321
300 70 0492
*00 71 1137
100 65 0378
200 69 0199
200 70 0219
9L100 71 1221
400 70 0113
100 6< 0337
100 70 0112
200 70 0235
200 70 0243
400 66 0088
400 68 0449
300 70 0668
700 70 1066
100 69 0060
200 69 0696
200 69 0708
200 71 0807
300 71 0590
300 71 0697
600 71 0493
100 69 0375
100 71 0468
300 70 0207
200 69 0179
200 71 0824
100 73 1088
200 70 0251
200 71 0829
200 69 0431
200 69 0167
100 70 0570
500 70 0409
100 69 0316
200 71 0829
100 63 0436'.
100 71 0312
100 71 0461
100 68 0043
100 69 0108
100 73 1034
200 71 0797
200 71 0860
200.71 1096
600 72 1076
200 69 0545
200 69 0558
100 68 1229,
100 65 0067
400 70 :0979
200 71 1)667'
400 65 0489
100 69 0040
100 67 0041
100 71 0569
100 71 Q742
200 70 0251
200 7) 0825
200 7Q 0498
200 70, 0698
200 71 0709
300 72 1089
SCARBOROUGH J H 700 It 1109
SCARBROUGH J H 100 7} 0304
SCHAEFER ML 100 71 5972
SCMEFFERLE H E 100 65 0503
100 66 0290
400 65 0439
SCHEFFtRLE HENRI ETTA100 65 0699
SCHELT1NGA H M J 100 66 0347
SCHLEUSEN^R P E
SCHLIEKELMAN R J
SCHMII) L A
SCHMISSEUR M E
SCHMITZ F L
SCHNEIDER D I
100 69 0355
200 66 0156
200 70 0293
200 71 0608
200 49 0559
200 69 0164
200 69 0564
200 71 0778
200 66 0126
100 68 0090
100 71 0464
SCHUfNBUKS R »
SCHOLZ H G
SCHRAUFNAttEL F H
SCHULTE D 0
SCHULT2 0 A
SCHUMAN C E
SCHUAKTi M A
SCHMEN&El F
&CHMIE&OH M F
SCHW1ESQH HILLUH f
SCOTT 0
SCOTT T W
SELL J L
SELTZER W
StKELL J I
^
SHAEFFER J R
SHAFFER R E
SHANNON 0 M F
SHARMA R H
SHAW F R
SHAH J H
SHEFFIELD C M
SHEPPAAO c c
'i .
SHEPPARU C C EL)
SHERMAN H
SH1NDALA A
SIMPSON E C
SJHPSON * R
SINGER R H
S1NSH 1 P
SI MO* P
SINSH V P
SKIHNEH J
SKINNER J L
SL6TTEN 0
SLIHGER S J
SLWEKER J H
:SMART,P
iHAUS.R J
SMITH G E
';
SMITH G L
SMITH G R
SMITH L M
-
SMITH R E
SMITH H J
SMITH S M
SMITH T. R
SMITH U M
SMYSER C F
SNOETEN80S G H
SOBEL AT
SOBHAN-ARDAKANI M
SPAHR S L
SPLINTER H E •
SPLIT! S TOSSER D F
ST AMANT P P
STALEY L M
STANEK G
STEAO F M
STECKEL J E
STEELE J H
STEELMAN C D
STEFAKQVIC H P
100 67 0901
200 71 0768
2UO 69 0521
200 70 1113
200 71 0781
200 70 0226
100 71 0589
290 72 1020
200 66 0438
200 71 0610
ZOO 71 0597
200 71 0804
300 66 0392
300 71 0584
100 73 1088
200 71 0649
100 69 0058
100 69 0707
200 71 0799
200 72 1108
600 72 1149
200 71 0286
300 70 1192
100 1>9 0364
100 69 0714
100 65 1091
400 t>9 0419
200 70 0727
200 70 0755
200 71 08 15
300 71 0621
300 71 0625
300 71 06Z6
300 70 0204
100 73 1165
100 71 0304
100 71 1039
200 70 0241
100 71 0443
100 TO 0024
100 70 0570
300 72 1070
200 69 0529
400 71 0456
100 71 0443
100 70 0027
200 72 1030
200 70 0728
100 72 1235
200 69 0427
200 69 0429
200 71 0279
400 65 1127
500 71 1072
200 73 1082
400 68 0033
100 70 0342
200 69 0169
200 71 0851
200 73 1093
200 71 0843
600 72 1001
200 70 024B
200 71 0803
ZOO 64 0759
200 69 0433
400 71 0293
IOQ 69 0376
100 70 0110
100 69 0376
100 70 0110
100 71 0674
200 66 0121
200 66 0143
200 69 0189
200 69 0197
200 71 0658
300 69 0631
300 69 0633
300 69 0635
300 71 OtTl
300 71 0673
300 71 0674
300 71 0675
400 70 0091
400 70 0*77
600 72 1031
300 70 0475
300 70 0455
200 72 1025
200 71 0642
300 70 0487
200 71 0801
200 71 0822
200 71 027T
100 67 1218
200 70 0215
200 66 0118
100 70 0420
100 70 002T
77
-------
STEPHENS 0 F
STEPHENS E R
STCVENSON F J
STEWART B A
STEWART R f
STEHAXF T A
STEWART T B
STOMBAUSH U P
STORK E J
STRATTON F E
STRAUB C P
StROSHINE R L
STUART U G
STUBBLEFIELD T H
SrUEOEMANN J A
SULLIVAN R J
SURBKOOK T C
SUZUOK1 I
SHACKHAMER C L
SNAOER F N
ShANSON N
SMANSUN N P
SWEETEN J M
SHITHENBANK C
TAEU8ER C
TAIGANIUES E P
TAKAMUA G
TAN K H
TANAYAMA S
TASK GROUP 2610P
TAYLOR A H
TAYLOR B
TAYLOR G S
TAYLOR J C
TAYLOR R B
TAYLOR R J
TEAGUE H S
TEETER H M
TEN HAVE P
TEH
THE MICROBIOLOGY
THOMAS J W
THOMAS R E
THOMPSON 0 I
THOMPSON P D
THORPE V A
THYGESON J R
TIEDE J E
TIEDJE J M
TIETJEN C
riLLSON S A
riHMONS 0 R
r L
T1MMONS J f
TOETZ 0 W
TOML1NSON r E
TUKRENS R L
TOTH S J
TUMEK B A
TOHNSHEND A R
TRAVIS 0 0
TSAO G T
200 68 0760
300 69 0467
500 TO 0393
100 67 0076
100 68 0730
100 70 0031
200 70 0223
200 71 0826
300 1077
300 67 1250
200 71 0766
600 69 1006
200 71 0835
100 70 0023
100 69 0316
100 70 0017
100 69 0679
300 71 1058
200 71 0787
200 71 0810
100 71 1212
200 66 0150
200 71 0853
300 69 0317
200 71 0815
300 70 0208
100 71 0303
200 71 0612
200 70 0214
200 71 0642
400 73 1158
200 70 0216
200 70 0224
200 71 0703
200 71 0775
200 72 1022
300 71 0301
JOO 72 1264
600 73 1147
100 71 1216
ZOO 71 0278
100 64 0474
100 66 0437
100 69 0057
200 69 0055
200 69 0194
200 69 1167
200 71 0281
200 71 O769
200 71 0787
200 71 0791
200 71 0792
200 71 0802
200 71 0810
200 71 0814
100 73 1184
100 71 0509
100 71 0303
100 67 0079
100 71 1039
400 67 1226
100 70 0570
200 66 0131
200 71 0609
200 71 0844
200 69 0199
100 69 0416
100 69 0316
200 72 1027
200 71 0839
100 65 0699
OF 100 65 0699
200 71 0849
300 70 0213
300 71 0624
100 70 0299
200 66 0438
100 71 0444
100 68 0287
100 71 1221
200 71 0813
200 71 0796
200 71 0827
200 66 0155
100 70 0064
100 70 0417
500 70 0388
500 TO 0397
200 71 0283
500 70 0409
200 71 1234
100 71 1197
100 72 1235
200 72 1054
200 71 0659
100 69 0360
100 70 0083
200 69 0175
100 71 0681
300 71
AUTHOR INDEX
TUCKER 0 E
TUCKER T C
TURMAN E J
TURNBULL J E
TURNBULL R
TURNER D 0
TURNER M E
TUSS J
UNDERWOOD C
200
100
200
200
200
200
400
100
500
200
400
71 0847
73 1162
68 0760
71 0772
69 0550
71 0784
71 0731
69 0346
66 1259
69 0534
68 0033
UNIV OF W1SC EXT SER200 69 0516
UPHOLT M M 200 71 0280
US DEPT INT FHPCA 200 69 0539
USDA-ARS AN SCI DIV 300 71 0511
UTLEY P H
VALLICOTT 0 R
VAN 0AM J
VANOEBERG G
VANDERHOLM 0 H
VANDONSEL D J
VARGHESE S
VEATCH J 0
VEIRS C E
VELEBIL M
VENN J A J
VERDU1N. J
VICKERS A F
VIETS F G
VIETS f G JR
VIETS JR f S
VILSTRUP R H
MAOLEIGH C H
UAGNER G H
WAGNER W 0
WALKER J P
WALKER K C
WALKER U R
WALSH L M
WALTER H G
WARD D
HARD J C
WARNER A F
WATSON S
WATTS A B
WEBB H J
WEBB K E
WEbBER L R
WEBSTER N W
WEETH H J
WEHBY A J
WEIBEL S R
UEIUNER R B
WEINBERGER L
WE I SHE IT H
WELCH F M
WELLER J b
WELLS D M
HELLS G D
HENUER I
HERNER J A
HESCOTT R B
HESLEY R L
HETMORE A
WHEATLANO A
UHEATON R Z
WHITE C
100 71 0441
300 71 0752
400 68 0101
400 71 0753
200 69 0536
100 70 0458
100 71 0484
300 71 0628
300 64 1110
200 71 0586
200 71 0771
200 70 0238
500 70 0390
200 69 0163
200 71 0605
300 70 0414
100 67 0076
100 68 0730
100 69 0103
100 71 0589
200 69 0676
400 71 0435
300 67 1290
200 69 0537
100 68 1121
300 68 1043
400 69 1225
500 70 0386
500 70 0393
100 70 0691
100 71 0187
100 71 0266
200 69 0187
100 68 1121
200 70 0225
200 71 0933
100 71 1212
300 71 0591
200 69 0193
600 69 1160
200 66 0140
100 70 1037
100 73 1164
100 62 1220
200 71 0847
100 66 0063
100 68 0452
100 69 0052
100 71 0507
200 68 0724
200 69 0174
400 69 1045
400 73 1073
200 66 0134
100 71 0257
100 71 0572
100 69 0375
100 69 0375
200 69 0158
600 72 1148
200 69 0056
200 70 0246
100 64 0071
100 71 1038
200 69 0165
200 69 0183
200 70 0232
300 69 1180
300 71 0538
600 70 0255
600 70 0298
300 71 1238
300 TO 1084
300 71 1081
300 70 1104
100 70 0362
200 71 061T
200 71 0842
200 71 0733
100 70 0089
400 64 0358
100 69 0071
200 69 0163
200 69 0183
100 70 0581
HH1TE R K
WHITLEY J R
WILEY J S
HILKE J T
WILKINS R J
WILKINSON S R
WILLAROSON L S
MILLEMS D
WILLIAMS D J
WILLIAMS H R
WILLIAMS J B
WILLIAMS R J b
WILLRICH T I
WILLSON G B
WILMORE R
WINOT T A
WINC J M
W1THEROW J L
WITTMUSS H
WITZ J A
W1TZ R L
WITZEL S
WITZEL S A
WOLFORD J
WOOD A J
WOOD J M
WOODING N H
WOODS U R
WOOTEN J W
YANGGEN 0 A
YATES J C
YAVORSKY P M
YICK R 6
YIH R Y
YORK L R
YORK M U
YOUNG R H F
YOUNG R J
ZAULATZKY H
ZALFA A A
ZALL R R
ZERFAS J W
ZINOEL H C
4UKOWSKI T
{HERMAN P J
100 69 0057
ZOO 69 0194
200 Tl 0792
200 71 0802
200 71 0810
200 71 0814
300 73 1009
SOO 70 0406
400 64 0379
100 68 0090
100 69 0061
LOO 69 0045
100 71 0509
200 70 0720
200 71 0853
600 69 1239
200 69 0553
200 70 0719
200 70 0720
200 71 0853
400 68 0229
100 67 0041
100 70 1233
100 70 0102
200 66 0137
200 71 0788
500 TO 0399
200 69 0192
200 71 0793
200 71 0804
200 Tl 0806
400 71 0309
400 69 0039
200 71 0801
tOO 71 0(22
200 70 0221
200 71 0856
200 70 0498
200 70 1118
200 71 0709
200 T2 1014
200 71 0705
600 72 1153
100 69 0058
300 68 1122
100 65 0334
100 66 0090
100 69 0061
100 70 0042
100 71 0261
100 71 0571
200 66 0116
200 69 0482
300 70 0207
100 70 0362
100 69 0445
300 71 0457
100 71 0318
100 71 0573
100 72 1129
200 71 0776
300 70 0010
200 71 OS08
200 69 0329
200 71 0615
300 71 1081
200 71 0608
200 71 0762
200- 72 1011
100 71 1216
100 70 0020
100 70 0018
100 73 1184
200 TO 0715
200 71 0663
100 68 0306
100 69 1042
100 72 1193
200 Tl 0796
100 70 0020
200 71 0815
200 71 0848
200 71 0849
300 70 0205
300 TO 0208
300 70 0209
300 70 0210
300 TO 0211
300 TO 0212
300 71 0622
300 71 0623
300 71 0624
300 71 0627
300 71 0678
300 72 1182
400 71 0327
400 T3 1068
200 69 0201
200 70 022?
200 Tl 0649
78
-------
SECTION V
KEYWORD INDEX
79
-------
KEYWORD IMuEX
Ivl. LI 01 OS
luu CO O044
i . 6V OOVii
I,.1.1 6'V Ol'J-.*
l.o 7J lilt
^,L b6 ol'Sl
J. J 7i 1H*
J-. 71 Hie.
i-oo /2 1004
10U 70 O2t.0
ioa 7o O4lo
/Ol. 71 07V4
i 00 71 0801
too 71 I2il
2~J 6C oljtt
^OU 64 1240
1o.i od Hi 1
/OU 70 02-j)
io.i 71 1013
2oJ 66 JU'*
200 Cj(J 1187
<,.;i Jo 0241
<.'oo 70 O6d7
ijo 70 J7-SLOI),,L-
ACTI VAT£D-SLOUoC
ACIIVATlU-SLUDGE
ACIIVATfcU-SLUIlut
ACF|VATED-SLUOi;E
ACHVATEU-SLUuGE
ACHvAnni-iENfcrtCiv
ACTUAL-OAmstS
200 71 0944
i(J(l 69 U5J1
ioo 69 0552
2o'J 69 0556
200 69 D5i7
ii/J 69 0558
to') 69 0565
2i/0 70 1050
tOO 71 OS11
iOO 71 0613
200 71 0614
200 71
200 71
*,H?n*,l>,ri^,u **>»V,IAII KlVt* tCULUGY LJWWATUfiY AMNUAL Kt"pURr"j«7i KEYhUKOS HOItUN^UIRifNT-iuu'uj", tMt,"
•.LUwjlAimw I,,L LFI-LCTS 0. VOLUME- n.NO SU^ACE-ARtA OH IKE ^ATt OF ACCUMULATION OF SULIOS [n l.ijuUR
UIL AMO T5UUHOUS COMPONENTS' IN STD.IEiJ i;AIHY MANURE KEYWORDS
OF riCrfGtjRGANlsxs IN FHESH CHICKEN N.ANOKE U.JOER AEROBIC ANO ANAEKOBIC CONDITIONS
•tin OF CATTLE M/vNunt FOX FEED ** AfMtJUJBic FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FAHM jAsrts i
AMMJNIA l>€SOR»-T|j;4 FROK CUhiCE-rt TRATEt) CM1CKCN MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITRCoiN "ICRUF
PUVPIlC CHAHAClERISllCi, UIOLOGICAL \H\i ClltMltAL PROPtRrirS OF DAIRY MANURE SLORRIfS K
UETERKIP-.AI IUN Oe ^6RCUP.» IN FOUD I'RUUOCTS AND uIULOStCAL TLUIOS bt AERATION t FLAHLtSS
jESIi.^ CRlTtRIA FOR AHAERUBIC LAGOONS F0« SWlnE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWURDS CUD BOtl TEMP
IHfc PHYSIDLUSY OF THE I.ULIFORM GKjUB (•.EYWUHLS bACTEKIA CPLIFOKHS POLLUTANTS SANMARY-C-
WATER POLLUTION FROM L.ANU rlUNOFF KtYWllROS rtUNUFF WATER-POLLUI ION INFILTRAUON iEDIMtNIS
t OF FARM WASTES KEYnUHOi U1SPOS4L LOGOUT AtHATION ACTUATtC SLUDGE LURMti
IN JniJUSIKY KtYtiOROS NlTtlJG£i» INDUSTRY FERTILUErtS WA TER-POLLOftON AMMONIA'FAR
CATTLF MA.-.U.(E TRHATMfcNI TtCHNlUUES KCYWUK.lS LAGOONS CUD liOD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE »U, AFf .t,,,] BY FEti) AL-OITIVES KEYWQRl.^ CUPPER iINC ANTIH
THE INFLUENCE OF <-£EU ADU1TIVES ON TH£ BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR ihlNC WAS
FFCAL-KESUlUES. FROM FtEL- AuDITIVES POULTRY KLYWORDS POLLUTANTS 01ET5 ANTIB1UIICS UII>>
fECAL-RESlUOEi HM FEED AOO I Tl V6S—S« |.c inL LL'i«iL, rUfUftc ^EW I HEfJ-^ IE uF -»tf [ KClcviMf" tjT AL ftkllt Er 11 Oiu nt-\ i ^
ADMINISTRATIVE-AGE 0 S D A ItCHHICAL ANO FINANCIAL ASSISI^MCE PHLGRAMS KL»jnan<"'AH
-ASE rcCHrtlCAI. AXO FINANCIAL ASSISfANCt
ADJITlVtS
AUJITIVES
AOKlNISTftil 1UN
'
ANIMAL FELOLUTS KcY«C-IE. REGOLAT10M FUR THE R .ISt'-lTlCIN UF FEhuLOTS KtYWOROS NEdrl .SKA WATER-PULlUTtON-
_-AG£ AGRICULTLWAL ANO KELATEO WASTES CUNTKc'L KEYWOHOS «AST6-CISPOSAL KA.VSAS
'2U2 •SiS!!!!*!!"-^! °™*£ w'^^l^tt1^ SwliSii"^1." *««">«" "KiMTioN
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEoING OPtRATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
ENFURCfMENI OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS In OKLAHOMA KtYWORDS OKLAHOMA WAI EH-POLLUMON-SOURC
DISPOSAL UF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLL1-TIO
RULES FUR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTt WATtX DISPOSAL KEYI,0*DS IOWA FARM-wASftS I
HEALTH-PRUbLEMi KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFURMS ENTEROCoCCI ADSURP1ION SILT-LOAM-SUIL HtA
MINIHUJNC THE WAiTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM I:t VtliEIABLt PRJCtSSING KEYWOROS COD UuO RCVtKi
THE MANAGEMENT AND D4SPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FAKH-WASCES MANAGEMENT FAkh-.HANAlr
ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOD uUCK A{HA
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LDNi I'.LAJO tOCK «ASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FA*>)-WAS
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A OUtSTIONABLE THEATMENl SYSTEM KhYkURDS FAitM-WASTES OXIUAIION-IA
FARM -ASTt DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAERUbK-LASOONS LAN.l-DISP
CANADA ANIMAL WASTt MANAGEMENT GUJDE KEYitOftDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT A,4o TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
CLIMATE AND THE SELFCIIUN OF A bEtF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSHM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FbED-LOTi
AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF rtlOLTRY-MANUSE KEYWOROS AERATION xINOHOW-METHUD »RE
SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWORDS D COO CATTLE NITRU
AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-HASTE KEYWORDS bCtl COD VS FS AERATIOJ LOAUING-RAHS RE
-------
2- J
7(1 02 J«
7U 02EIU1ES & *»"" "IRE MANUREKtY-OUDS t, COD CATTLE NITRO
nr ^"PUST IN A HUG FATTENING FARM OXIUATION VAT KEY.OHDS Ac
EDLlJr "SIE Ke»-«R^ CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEKOBIC
tl K6Y1"UKU NIIR0514 LAGUON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC
MSSILN
CA&tD LAYf
AEROBIC Mninrir»c,n n
F«S ANlSI? OFFARM
UNDER-
WHY S
OXIDAT ON OI1CH
MIC?OB SLOG ML
ALTERNATlES FOR
COMPOSTING DAIRY COW lt
ir "LI"T1UN TtJ THE "ISPUSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVtNT POLLU
Mtl "SI6S KEVl"Wl'S "ROliUCIION TRANSPUR TATIO,. MANAGED
Wl™ UXIUA"UN BHCHES ANb LIUUIO MANURE STORAGE TANKS
TE "EYWOKU DEN I TR I F I CAT ION ACTI VATEO-SLUOGE C
D1SI>OSA'- DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIDATION-DIT
00" PROBI-EHS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS
CKEYVE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN
OSAL OF ANIMA<- "ASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
PRINCIPLES nF FFFnnr nn ,„ AEROB'C-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN DOORS C
*H ?P NG THE MNU» jRnS?"«"!?»0J;on!yHOROS A'*-p"'-LUT ION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC
LABOR FREE MANjRFni«n^E,CvEn^R°5 0* '"AT "UN-DITCH OOOR AEROBIC-BACTERIA ROTOR PROB
OXIDATION t??CH ?s r^?, ?L««nN?*DS BOATING-AERATOR OOOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI
THE ilCROBln, n?v L tin.^l l'° S°ORCE «ri(OROi OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
NVESMG?? ™? L F,JUrhI,on/OULTRY LITTEK "YkOKOS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES
HE DUES? §N OF POULT.S N»?«*,Y^S'">OSTING """l-TRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OEGRA
PRELIMINARY RF^ui^nJ I «nS!S U?DE" CA«S-«STRAC t KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
ANIMAL wis?P SANirf«?«, NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KEYWORDS
HEOUCTIoS W N??JSr^ JrJ^JS*?? B°D C°° °° fH """-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
AlSifED LAWON TRE^ME£? PP ,SiJ'??s IN SW1NE LA600N E"LUENT BY BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICA
ANIMAL MANURE LlGoSIsrQnc^?nS.l$r*ND °UCI< "*STES KEV"OkOS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
COMPOSTING KEYin^ to??t?r ?N*BLI TREAT«N' SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OX ItAT ION-LA
AEROBIC STORAGE 2! Jnii^?Ji i5i*«USE HUMUS A«"B'C-CONDITI ONS COMPOSTING
S^SlVAL lm olT?CT?ON al , »?nR!,.KEYWOR° AER*T'ON AEROBIC-CONDITIONS WASTE-ASS1MRAT
* 'ArH06ENI
A REPORT ON THREE u
A^ a u E H ? T
}
SOU-NI
F NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS
'
CLOSEU
««A'ED-LAGOONS ANAERJBIC-LASOONS LANO-DISP
n T ! ; ?
sssi? H r r i D
ALTERNATIVES FOX THE ' RESIDUE
KE»«0«OS FEED-VALUE S.INE AEROBIC-TREATMENT
°? <
TREATMENT OF FwS w«?II
f S?
S rs
POLLU"DN "EYhORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI
81
-------
200 71 0816
100 71 0813
ZOO 72 1054
300 67 1253
3uO 68 1123
300 69 0001
300 69 1180
300 71 0*57
300 71 0677
300 71 0732
300 72 1157
400 70 0022
600 72 1001
100 71 1212
300 70 110'.
100 66 1080
100 65 0331
200 69 0519
300 70 1101
.400 70 0357
200 71 0844
luO 68 0036
•200 69 0188
3uO 70 0206
400 65 0332
100 68 1121
200 71 0645
300 68 1043
300 71 1107
200 73 1083
100 70 1211
200 72 1019
200 72 1028
200 72 1029
100 71 1197
200 68 1186
200 71 0820
200 71 0829
200 72 1054
300 71 1107
400 71 1196
700 72 1049
100 70 1233
200 69 1167
'300 68 1122
300 71 10B1
500 68 1259
100 70 1194
100 70 1227
200 70 1118
,200 71 1094
200 71 1095
1300 68 1043
300 70 1036
,300 70 1201
300 71 1035
'300 71 1106
400 69 104S
400 73 1063
100 69 0707
300 69 0317
200 71 0661
200 69 0186
600 72 10T4
,300 71 0626
200 71 0846
300 71 0671
300 71 0673
300 71 0674
300 71 0675
100 66 10SO
100 71 0729
100 72 1188
'100 73 1087
'100 73 1184
200 69 0157
200 69 0516
200 70 0114
200 70 1050
200 71 0772
.200 71 0783
.200 71 0790
200 71 0791
200 71 1033
200 71 1095
'200 71 1096
200 72 1010
200 72 1011
200 72 1012
200 72 1013
200 72 1019
200 72 1020
200 73 1083
300 69 0300
300 70 0205
300 70 038?
•300 70 0414
300 71 1106
300 72 1003
300 72 1264
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AESOBIC-TREATMENT
AEKOBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEKOBIC-TREATMENT
AEHOBIC-TREATMENT
AEROGENES
AEKOMONAS
AEROSOLS
AESTHETICS
AESTHETICS
AFTERGROWTH
AGE
AGENCIES
AfiENT
AGITATION
AGITATION
AGITATION
AGR1CULTORAL-CHEMI
AGRICULTURAL-CHEMI
AGRICULTURAL-CHEMI
AGRICULTUHAL-CHEMI
AGKICULTURAL-CROP-
AGRICULTURAL-ENGIN
AGRICULTURAL-RESEA
AGRICULTURAL-RESEA
AGRICULTURAL-RESEA
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGKICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-WATER
AGRICULTURAL-WASTE
AGRICULTURAL-WATER
AGRICULTURAL-WASTE
AGRICULTURAL-WASTE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AIR
AIR
AIR-CIRCULATION
AIR-CONDITIONING
AIR-CONDITIONING
AIR-CONTAMINATION
AIK-ORIEO-CHICKEN-
AIR-ORYING
AIR-DRYING-MANURE
AIR-DRVING-MANURE
AIR-ORYING-MANURE
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
KEYWORD INDEX
ECONOMICS UF HASTE DISPOSAL FROH CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS
THE ECONOMICS OF SWINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBIC-TRE
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIOUES TO FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS
WATER QUALITY CHANCES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATM
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF MATER K
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBI
CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
DISPOSAL OF LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPR I
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAC6 TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRY-INDUST
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN K
SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SwINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUHAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATED-W
AESTHETICS AND ODORS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULF IDE ANAEBOBIC-CONDITIONS ODOR-THRESHOLD AE
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWQRDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT
FRON THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS BA IRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC
REGULATORY ASPECTS Of RECYCLED LIVESTOCK ANP POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD ADMINISTRATING
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE J»E-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS .OF MANURE HANOLIN6 IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
POULTRY MANURE HANDLING 8Y INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A
HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEYWORDS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL
WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
CONTINUOUS SOLIO WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO
ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC WATEK SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGI
IROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FKOM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
AREA DIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK, SOILS MARKETING HAS
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
COSTS OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINED CATTLE FE
WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID, »ND DRY DAIRY
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEDLOT RUNOFF- KEYWORDS,
WAT6K POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUT ION-SOURC
AGRICULTURAL HASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
CONVERTING ORGANIC HASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICUITU
HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS W,ASTE-TREAT*ENT STABILIZATIO
REV EM OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
AGR CULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-HASTES
HATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYHOROS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO
MRICULTUKE AND POUUTION--SOC 10-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTIO
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU
AGR CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS
AIR POLLUTION ASPECTS OF ODOROUS COMPOUNDS KEYWORDS AIR ODOROUS ,,.„,.„,„., „..,., cn
ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO
MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING CROSS-PROF T
SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYHOROS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR-
DRY ' NG OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYHOROS ODOR ENVIRONMENT »1»-VENUUTI
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL
SEMSvAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR DRYING KEYKO
OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF AMMAL MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-ORYING-MANURE
?o"ROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE
UNDER CAGE DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR AIR-ORYING-MANURE CAGE
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER--A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY/MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST
IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT
ENRICHMENT OFTHE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
AN MAL S$Tf HmCMMT IN HAWAII KEYHOROS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK ""TE-DISPOML MSIM
AN MAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOO COD DO PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
PROCEEDINGS OF FARM AN MAL HASTE AND BY-PRUDUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM-
SHINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN!
I LAND RECYCLING LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLO
So VING RTHECpOU^TRY°MANURENpR5flLB* ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHWUTION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY
IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN A SHINE-BUILDING ATMOSPHERE «™°«S vSSSSs £
METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF MALOOORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS C
N T^EN IN INDUS^R? KEYHORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS HATE ?-™-LUTION AMMONIA "«
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYHORDS
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH KEYHOROS LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES-
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOHATER R
LIVE STOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYHORDS RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
OF AU WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION soi
OF AN MAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
OF A S WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
SOL D WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYHORDS CATTLE FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPO
" OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS UN BEEF CATTLE KEYHOR
oNA
ENSlNMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRUNMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUMON-CO
CATTLE FEEULOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS °«'2^ fill il.S Slc?« I12n»?r
PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC
82
-------
400 71 0435
400 71 1143
4uu 71 1144
40U 72 1173
OOJ 11 1002
e>OU 72 1004
700 69 1067
200 71 0766
300 70 0385
100 71 0582
loO 70 0025
100 70 0027
2oJ 69 01T8
300 71 0621
300 71 0626
300 68 1202
400 71 0293
100 69 0096
100 72 1188
100 72 1188
300 70 0395
100 70 1040
100 68 0730
loO 69 0081
1UO T3 1162
200 64 1241
200 69 0169
300 66 0739
300 67 1250
400 73 1183
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
100 65 0075
100 65 0334
100 69 0030
100 70 1040
10'J 70 1251
100 70 1237
200 68 1187
200 69 0433
200 69 0526
200 69 1117
200 Tl 1097
200 Tl 1234
300 64 1110
300 68 1122
300 TO 0487
300 TO 0666
300 70 1101
300 Tl 1106
300 T2 1070
400 73 1063
500 TO 0407
300 TO 0487
100 70 1194
100 69 1198
200 69 0482
300 Tl 0099
100 69 1198
100 68 0306
loO 69 06T9
100 63 0338
100 65 0503
100 65 0699
200 66 0139
600 TO 0258
TOO TO 1109
JOO TO 0342
100 Tl 06B1
200 Tl 0583
200 66 0127
200 69 OOT8
100 Tl 1228
200 TO OT*7
200 Tl 0662
200 Tl 0733
200 T2 1016
100 69 0096
100 69 0105
100 T2 1188
300 69 0467
100 TO 036T
200 Tl 0792
200 Tl 0809
200 64 1241
200 T2 1016
200 T2 1030
JOO Tl 062*
400 Tl 0293
600 T2 1163
100 65 1219
100 66 1080
100 69 OOST
100 69 0103
100 69 0105
100 69 06T9
100 69 OTOT
100 TO 0031
100 TO 103T
100 TO 1051
AM-POLLUriON
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AU-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTIDN
AIR-POLLUTIONPROBL
AIR-POLLUTION-EFFE
AIK-OUALITY
AIR-SAMPLFR
AIr(-TEMP{««TURE
AIR-TEMPERATURE
AIR-VENTILATION
AIR-VENTILSTION
ALABAMA
ALBUMEN
ALCOHOLS
ALCOHOLS
ALOEHVDES
ALORIN
ALEXANDRIA-EGYPT
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
ALHALFA
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
ALFALFA-BROMEGRASS
ALFALFA-BROMEGRASS
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALSAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE-STRIPPING
ALGAL-CONTROL
ALGAL-GROWTH
ALGAL-GROWTH
ALGAL-SYSTEM
ALGEA
ALKALINE
ALKALINE
ALKALINITY
ALKALINITY
ALKALINITY
ALKALINITY ,
ALKALINITY
ALKALINITY
ALKALIS
ALKALI-SOILS
ALLERGENS
ALLEYWAYS
ALPHA-FACTOR
ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVES
AMERICAN-SOIL-CONS
AMINES
AMINES
AMINES
AMINES
AMINO
AMINO
AMINO-ACIO
AMINO-AC1DS
AMINO-ACIDS
AMINO-ACIDS
AMINO-ACIDS
AMINO-ACIDS
AMINO-ACIDS
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
SUMER
SOME
KEYWORD INDEX
IMfUvELyT^2 «??2iE?nSF C*TTLE FEEDLOT ""-LUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIQ
CONFINEMENT FFtnTJr S2n<*TE KEYWOROS AIR-POLLUTION SAGEbRUSH FARM-WASTES ODOR
NS- OOM ?LrEn? D»nn ,?T' C°NS' *N° TM>S KEYW°R°S RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION
US1MG SunR ^J^LQlJS ^y,5cy?°RUS °°OR ""IE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
S!f Jil nhJJi ? JN *'R OUALITY STANDARDS KEYWOROS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA
2iVyi?0u2S$!°^ COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS.
n* "»S™ STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W
p2f=,*-,£ROF.E!SION*L S°CIETy TO"ARD URGENI SOCIAL PKQ6LEMS KEYWORDS TEC
N«nr, rn nil?? E PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW
BACTR A rn2EM2.?EniClA2IMAL SUARIERS FOR "MFORT AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS AIR-Q
EFFEC? SF ««« nJ IS7JN POULTRY HOUSES AN° "TS RELATIONSHIP TO 6GG HATCHA8ILITY KEYW
STUDY OF THE u« HF f« n»,nE*-InA,""> C°L° EXPOSURE AND STARVATION^ VANILMANDEL 1C ACID
POULTR? %SLLUT|EM «I«.S?i°AIlON °ITCH T° STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COLD CLIMAT
DRYING OF PninlSS MA«,« , "ESULTS KEYWORDS ODOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED
OwUs » fin,??(n *?.?« ??*i? A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENTILAT I
SOD?UM EG? \Hfl ?I II! ^.t? i'TY SF UNITEO SIATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI
IDENTIFIED mf, n! EF,«SUAh'IY "O-^OOUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
U|NT F Icil ™ nr SJHM?/ CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWOROS ODOR ORGA
SEN? F ell SN OF »H rill!"! ^EEDLOT °DORS KEY"OR« AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT
CKEM?STM IliS «?TA2n, i« IILf FEEDLQT ODOKS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT
S nl n??ii s" °F INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELORIN INSECT-CONTROL
< ««?l L i?I!S BY ALOA*-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS
TE "OLLUTION OF GROUNUHATER KEYWORD FERTILISER FEED-LOTS
TRY'UTTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO
n T« an n AV*'«-ABILITV IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS
n? rIt»,TET0c"ST°"A KE¥140ROS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
NITRAE n yA?!? *B»IS^™E?II,UPON "'"STIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWOROS CATTLE
0 ST*.lluMON « Si«!«S S FERTII-IJEKS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE
CONFRNEMji? ?« JJI**,!!5 AN° QIHER "ATER POI-LUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID
'lS loll nlflles Jin n*, «I!!?RDS FAR"-"»NAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
WFECt OP Siimiit «r?nol *,2S SRM*TIO"S °F SDIL N1TR°GEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION S01L-NI
nt*in«, iS * "WM OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS
ISS «?m hr??^ A"??INS BYWORDS OOOR BOO COO E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA
D? Sl?iv iS*,n.S iCTI°NS FR°M LA600NS "SED FOR CATTLE KEYWOROS OXIDATION-LAG
Si n»?*» URf «Y "-AGOONIN6 KEYWOROS BIODEGRADAT ION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-DI
* ES BY ALG»«-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS
htKES KEY«ROS AMMON!A EUTROPH ICAT ION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER-
n«nnID F ' SH H4ItHtRIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
rri?!,,2I nSS L,2F DAIRY MANURE KEY«0ROS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE
SfSEARCH n2\S*I!? a"*iIIV KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF
iv ^,?=, I L" WASTE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALOAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE
? n2UIS E?!!"SOURCES EfFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU
S^ 52=IEIY F°" APPLIEO BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
2M?E^iMNOL06v DF * POND R«EiviNG ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
m ?f,IIir?LSEn KEY1-I QUID-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATME
.f2R °PEN BEEF FEEO'-0TS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES
PRU8L6MS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWOROS
l«« ™.«\S°NFINEM6NT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWOROS ODOR ORGA
IDE FlJ!?l22 SF »F« ?S?f?IS«°F S^NE-BUILDINC ODOR KEYWORDS ODOft-THRESHOLD CHROMAT
D6NT F CAT ION Cf Him n* rn^D "El*OT OOORS BYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT
NITROGEN AND?AM^n!r?hS,£D?R! *EY*|Q"OS »»'NES IDENTIFICATION ODORS
CHROMATDaRAPHAC YneSr 2?ri?,i E fEC" OF YOUNB FIGS R«EIVINS A PKOTE1N-FREE DIET AND 0
8«VMI FACILITATES XIr5i£*I!°Sc?E HA"-OOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG
PHYSIOLOGY OF TH! ftuip*, o«nin?E,C°MPaSIIION OF C*tTU FEEDLOTMANURE KEYWORDS BOO AMINO
CHARACTERISTICS OF Ml*u £!?«*. HS^OTOS RU'1INA'1'" "ROTOIOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL ftto Funt J!J,A«° RlJNOff KEYWOKOS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
FEEDING DEHYDRATED PQ^Tflv yiS«TtS MA"URE KEYWORUS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS F??Qh*?,?iSIrrT° DAIRV COWS KEY"0RUS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIOS NITR
ACT VMED SLUOGE A! A ?nl,irIYn|SS"PRODUCTION "'•BUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
NITRATES 'IN THE ENVlJoMFN? C«.2LJ52"!" KEYliOROS BACTERIA PROTEINS iMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS SS!?i«5FS??2S NITROBEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERT1L1IAT ION NITROG
THE MENACE OF NoSfais ?1«5 V« JIf*"* REylEW KEYI*ORD5 NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
NITROGEN EN»ICHS?i? ne JnlcJS *N'"AL UNITS KEYWOR°S EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM
AMMONIA A^lS^ls ?D«.n«45! Si'!" By A«0RPT10N Of AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE F
NITROGEN LOSSES FBnM?rjSr^IS °F SWINE-eu> "-OING ODOR KEYWOROS OOOR-THRESHOLO CHROMAT
A ME?"2 F§"?HE ?SEAtMFjt'nc HJIS" IMPO"N"ME^S KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR
VOLITILIZAT10N ANntjRTeJr??,™'^1- W"SIES T0 CONTROI- AMHONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS
•N?TRO«N IN S2Rt2SL?i«S }«««.?£ ?ITRO«N FRDM "»>NE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT
POLLUTION POTMTIil n?
-------
KEYWORD INOEX
• 3UO 69 1180 ANAEKOBIC-UIGESTIO CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
300 72 1157 ANAtKUBIC-OIGESTIO CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
5JO 68 1259 ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO
60U 70 0254 ANAEROBIC-OIG5STIO AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N MOUSeFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB
oOO 70 0258 ANASROBIC-DIGESTIO GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES COD COMPOST
600 71 0496 ANAEROBIC-DIL-ESTIO DESOKPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
7oO 70 1109 ANAERD8IC-UIGESTIO AN EVALUATION UF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
loO 67 0230 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION AND POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROB
100 67 0233 ANAERUBIC-LAGOONS EFFLUENT-DUAL ITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO
100 69 0095 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON BIO-OXIDATION OF SWINE-WASTE BY THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES AN
2UU 68 1186 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
200 68 1187 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE
iOO 71 0667 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON FOOD PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-LAGOON ACTIVATED-SLUDGE IRR1G
200 71 0855 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON-E TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOON EFFLUENT BY SOIL FILTRATION KEYWORD ANAEROBIC-LAGOON-EF
300 71 0319 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS FARM WASTE DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LANO-DISP
300 71 0700 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
5oU 70 0401 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYWORDS DISPOSAL M
600 72 1262 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION CF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS
200 71 0762 ANAEROBIC-MEATMEN LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
300 71 0*86 ANAEROBIC-TREATMEN FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIDATION-DIT
100 69 0071 ANALYSIS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI
100 71 0303 ANALYSIS METABOLIC FATE OF UBIQU1NONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL
100 73 1164 ANALYSIS SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN
200 66 0153 ANALYSIS POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL
200 66 1112 ANALYSIS CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTICN-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNG
200 71 0781 ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOO DUCK AgRA
2oJ 71 0811 ANALYSIS BOD ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBI
200 71 0826 ANALYSIS CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEOIOT WASTE
200 71 0834 ANALYSIS SUbSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIOU1D MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA
200 71 0861 ANALYSIS CONCENTRATION PF PROTEINACEOUS SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR KEYWORD RECYC
300 69 0634 ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF GASES ENCOUNTERED IN A COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS' ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
300 71 0412 ANALYSIS THE INFLUENCE OF ASHED POULTRY MANURE ON SOILr SNAPBEANSi AND TOMATOES KEYWORDS CROP
300 71 0538 ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF BASTES FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEECLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF OUALITY-CO
300 71 0625 ANALYSIS THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CKUOE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K
300 71 0697 ANALYSIS ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON
400 71 0267 ANALYSIS WASTE MANAGEMENT WH»T DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F
100 70 1233 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIO LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
100 71 U32 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQ WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
100 72 1199 ANALYTICAL-TECHNI8 IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
100 72 1222 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIO PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA
100 72 1235 ANALYTICAL-TECHN18 BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIOUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-
100 73 1034 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIO TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE
200 71 0792 AN4LYTICAL-TECHNIO CHROMAT06RAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF MALODORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMAT06
300 72 1052 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQ EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
200 70 U13 ANEROBIC-CONDITION AERATED L4GOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
200 70 1113 ANEROBIC-CONDITION AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONO ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
200 69 0186 ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING GROSS-PROFIT
100 69 0057 ANIMAL THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM
100 69 0265 ANIMAL PENICILLIN BY THE POUND KEYWORDS ANIMAL PATHOLOGY DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS DISE
100 66 1229 ANIMALS ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
100 70 0023 ANIMALS ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS
100 70 0023 ANIMALS ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS
100 70 0024 ANIMALS PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS ROOEN
100 71 0572 ANIMALS AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A
200 64 1240 ANIMALS THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFURMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
300 1105 ANIMALS RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
200 71 0740 ANIMAL-bEHAVIOR PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE
200 67 1243 ANIMAL-CONFINEMENT THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
400 71 1131 ANIMAL-DENSITY FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE
500 71 1255 ANIMAL-DISEASES DISEASES OF FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-DISEASES CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WATER-
100 69 0376 ANIMAL-FEEDSTUFFS EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY-LITTER AND ANIMAL-F
300 71 1098 ANIMAL-HUSBANDRY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC OKttANISMS KEYWORDS AOUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO
300 70 0213 ANIMAL-METABOLISM ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY ANU DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL-
600 72 1153 ANIMAL-METABOLISM MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS
100 70 1051 ANIMAL-PARASITES POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR
100 71 1232 ANIMAL-PARASITES WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
200 72 1016 ANIMAL-PARASITES CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
200 71 0845 ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY CATTLE MANURE AS FEED FOR CATTLE KEYWORD RECYCLING ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY MICROOR6ANISMS-NE
200 71 0846 ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL
200 71 0847 ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY STUDIES OF PROCESSING! NUTRITIONAL VALUEt AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINA
200 72 1017 ANIMAL-PERFORMANCE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
300 71 0745 ANIMAL-PROCESSING- ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FLOW-CONTROL TERRACES BY-PRODUCTS RENDERING
200 67 1243 ANIMAL-PRODUCTION- THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTES
200 69 0539 ANIMAL-PRODUCTION PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS CATTLE WATER-POLLUTION FEEOL
100 69 1042 ANIMAL-WASTES THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN WATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES
100 70 0019 ANIMAL-WASTES CONTROL OF ODORS FHOM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST ODOR-PANEL MASK ING-AGENTS D
100 70 1217 ANIMAL-WASTES APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
100 71 1212 ANIMAL-WASTES EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
100 72 1215 ANIMAL-WASTES AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES HE
200 67 1243 ANIMAL-WASTES THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
300 46 1207 ANIMAL-WASTES FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
400 69 1225 ANIMAL-WASTES CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-DEV
400 70 1176 ANIMAL-WASTES ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES
400 72 1166 ANIMAL-WASTES HOW MUCH MANURE P6K ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
500 71 1254 AN HAL-WASTES ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
100 70 051 AN MA[-WASTES-WILD POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALKUNIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON IDS SOUR
Lrn 71 1196 ANIMAL-WASTES-WILO CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
100 72 99 JN mionCS-PESTIC IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
Joo 7? 0514 AN TIBIOTICS-BEEF FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND ANTIBIOTICS-BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION DISE
loo 19 III" iNNuiL-COST CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COST I
«0 ?! 1058 ANNUAL-WASTES DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PRElilCT THfc ROLE CF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA
III 67 0336 ANTHRAX DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND
,00 71 0795 ANTIBIOTIC ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG
fnn II 0343 ANT SlOTICS BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-WATER
no 69 olll IEJ B OT CS PENICILLIN BY THE POUND KEYWORDS ANIMAL PATHOLOGY DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS OISE
™n AO llol MNT BOT CS QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SwINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-WATERS DISCHARGE LAGO
Inn ?? MM ANT B OTCS BOO ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEtO ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIbl
III « llll 12? S OT CS SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEtT KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-CHEMIC
III ?? IIM ANT B OTCS ANIMAL WASTE REUSE NUTRITIVE-VALUE ANO POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW
loo n 0512 ANne'Sncs FECAL-RESIOUIS FROM FEED ACDITIVES POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS UIETS ANTIBIOTICS MTR
84
-------
0857
1033
1099
1016
100 TU 1.251
1UO 71 0576
10J 71 1214
U>0 71 1067
100 70 1237
200 64 0750
200 64 0759
200 69 0134
200 49 0190
2UO 69 0548
200 70 0223
2C.O 71 0793
ZOO 71 0794
200 71 0830
200 71
200 71
200 11
200 72
300 65 0757
300 67 1250
300 6B 0749
300 69 OOOT
300 69 0300
300 69 0631
300 69 0632
300 69 0633
300 69 0635
300 69 0637
300 70 0414
300 71 0639
300 71 0672
300 71 0692
300 71 1145
400 64 0379
400 70 0091
400 71 1136
400 73 1140
6UO 71 0494
6PO 72 1004
300 69 0638
100 71 0589
100 68 0306
100 68 0730
2UQ 71 0801
300 71 0269
500 TO 0393
300 TO 1059
300 71 1126
2UD 69 0519
200 6<> 0138
500 71 1254
100 68 0306
100 71 0261
100 71 030*
100 71 0758
200 64 0750
200 66 D139
200 66 01-52
200 69 0055
200 69 0187
200 70 0237
200 70 0252
200 70 0670
200 TO 0687
200 71 06*5
200 71 08L4
300 69 0001
400 71 0305
400 71 0311
100 65 03S4
200 69 0190
400 73 1178
200 71 0652
KEYWORD INDEX
AIRBORNE 4MMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWOHDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATIDN NITROGEN ALGAE WATER-
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWORDS ODORS COO CONFINEMENf-PENS
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL HASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES HATER-POLLUTION
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILUED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALWONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWOHOS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
LASOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI
STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDtOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS 8IOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CHEMICA
TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM »EEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS-FIELO RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN
RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION ANO MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEOLQT
NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ANO PLANT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATT
CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM
AMMONIA OESORPTION FROM CONCENTRATED CHICKEN MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN M1CROF
FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N ANO SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS
NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS ANO SOIL KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FILTE
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
CHAKACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES ANO RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOD COD AMMONIA N
DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID
ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PE
SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-CASES FROM STORED SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS ODORS CARBO
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE «YWOR
ODORS, GASES, AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH
QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS 5»s:e™°?"c
THE QUANTITATIVE OETEKHtNAUON OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE
GASES AND ODORS FROM UNDILUTED ANO DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS OOCR-STRENGTH METHA
SOIL FILIATION TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AMMONIA HYDHOGEN-
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL T*
AMMONIUM PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF M'** "•*!"" ft PLAINS
AMMONIUM INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS, TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
AMMONIUM CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SOILS KEYWORDS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION }"*"« IWCH{H6
AMMONIUM-COMPOUNDS NITRATE ACCUMULATION_IN KANSAS GROUNOWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES S^UNDWATER FERT LIZATION
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AKMOrilA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AHMOMA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
nllKAIC HbWnUhA I IW1 I r* l\Mll*M* unwulumx I bn i*fc—»-- ,..— - - eilCU
AMPHIBIANS SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOSY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIRENEN
ANAEBOBK-CONDITIO AESTHETICS ANO OOORS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIOE ANAE80BIC-CONDITIONS ODOR-THRISHOLO «
ANAERCeiC 06SI6N CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC UGCQNS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL DWORDS COB BOO TEMP
ANAEROBES ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA "*"OIOA FUNG ™"°*
ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES- KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE BUR
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES DAIRY BULL, SWINE,ANO POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUO
STATE OF fHE ART REVIEW TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS .^"'"i °?:
HANDLING ANO DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FE60LOT WASI6 KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC
LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK BASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC P^IRY "?. '
CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COO BOO ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF*
ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LlvESIOCK KEYWORDS COD BOO COST NUTR
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGE*
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITN OXIDATION DITCHES ANO LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FJRM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAl HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG ABATTOIR WASUWAT6R KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF
ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS METHANE-BACTERIA FARM-LAGOONS AN
PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
SWINE HOUSING ANO WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH R'EVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERObl
RETARDING EFFECT OF DESSICATtON ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS
WHY STIRRING MANURE REDUCES ODORS KEYWORDS AEROBIC ANAEROBIC STORAGE ODORS HANDLING
ANAEROBiC-BACTERI* CHEMICAL. ANO flIOLOGICAl REACTIONS FROM LAGOONS USED FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LA&
ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA MICROBIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED HITH DECOMPOSITION AN
ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA DOOR CONTROL MAY UE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
ANAEROBIC-SIOOEGRA LIOUID HAST6 TREATMENT I FUNDAMENTALS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-BIODEGRAOAT
iOO 6* 1200 ANAER08IC-CONDITIO PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTH"AITE
100 68 UZ9 ANAER08IC-CONOITIO ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
100 73 1034 ANAER08IC-CONDITIO TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATIOH SYSTE
--- ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO ANIdAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
ANAERCBIC-CONDITia TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS-FIELO RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT
ANAEROBIC-CONDI![0 Pt&GERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL E6U1PMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F
ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T
ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO REDUCTION OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT «Y BIOLOGICAL DENITRlFICA
ANAEROS1C-CDNOITIO ANIMAL MANURE LASOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA
ANAEROSIC-CONOITIO SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY
ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL ANO PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
ANAEROBIC-CONOITIO SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY OAIRY SWINE ttUD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF
ANAEROttlC-OIGESTlQ TREATMENT Vf LWESTOCK-VtASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYWORDS BOD COD ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION ANO POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANA6ROB
ANAEH08IC-DIGESTIO INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN
ANAEROB1C-DIGESTIO ANAEROBIC LAGOONS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN ANO APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAER
ANAERQBIC-OIGESna TREATMENT OF OAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIODEGRAOATION ALGAE BOO ANAEROBIC-DI
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION, BCD COD NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC-DIG
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TRE«!MENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWOROS FARM-WASTES 01SP
ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL CF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO SWINE WASTES, CHARACTERI2ATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KtYWQROS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B
ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILtTEO ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO FEEDLOT HASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY
ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE TIME FOR AEROBIC WASTE DIGESTORS KEVWQRU ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AN
ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
200 69 0157
200 69 0184
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200 TO 0728
200 70 0737
200 70 1114
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600 73 1065
700 72 1048
100 65 0346
100 65 0378
100 67 0230
100 67 0446
100 68 0500
100 69 0030
100 69 0259
100 71 1228
200 68 0724
200 69 0164
200 69 0168
200 70 0755
200 71 0768
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200 71 1099
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100 72 1215
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300 72 1260
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200 71 0612
200 71 0613
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300 71 1107
100 65 1219
100 66 1080
300 70 0385
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100 69 0316
100 73 1087
100 71 1221
300 71 1055
100 70 0023
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300 70 1101
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ANtlMGTICS
ANI 1-f-UAPlNG-lliLNT
APPAL ALII I AN-MUUNT A
APPAKENT-IHGESTIHI
APPEARANCE
APPLICAI HIM
APPLICAt ICM-MFTHUU
APPLICATIUN-MUHOO
APPLICAUUN-R1TE
APPLILATIUN-RAIES
APPLICAI ICN-RATtS
APPLICATION-RATE
APPLICATION-KATES
APPLICATIUN-KA1ES
APPLIED-CUNTRULS
APPLYING
AQUATIC-ANIMALS
AQUATIC-HAblTATS
AQUATIC-INSECTS
AQUATIC-LIFE
AQUATIC-LIFE
AQUATIC-MICROBIULO
AQUAT IC-MICROUIULO
AQUATIC-MICROORGAN
AQUATIC-PLANTS
AQUATIC-PLANTS
AQUATIC-PLANTS
AQUATIC-PLANTS
AQUATIC-PLANTS
AQUATIC-SYSTEM
AQUATIC-WEEDS
AOUATIC-HEEO-CONTR
AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS
AQUIFER
AQUIFER
AQUIFER
AQUIFERS
AQUIFERS
AQUIFERS
ARABLE-LAND
AREAS
AREATRENDS
ARID-LANDS
ARID-LANDS
ARID-REGIONS
ARIZONA
ARIZONA
ARIZONA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
ARKANSAS
ARSANILIC-ACID
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ARSENIC-COMPOUNDS
ARTIFICAL-USE
ARTIFICAL-USE
ARTIFICIAL-RECHARG
ARTIFICIAL-USE
ASCS
ASCS
ASH
ASPECTS
ASPECTS
ASPECTS
ASPECTS
ASSAY
ASSESSMENT
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
ASSOCIATED-COSTS
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONI
ATMOSPHERIC-AMHONI
ATMOSPHERIC-WHS
ATOMIC-ABSOmiON-
ATTITUDES
ATTRACTION
AUCALIGENES-FAECAL
AUGER
AUTOCLAVES
AUTOGOMISTIC-EFFEC
AUTOMATIC-OATA-COL
AUTOMATION
AUTOMATION
AUTOMATION
AUTOMOBILE-EXHAUST
AVAILABLE-HATER-CA
AVIAN
AXEMIC-CULTURES
BACELLUS-COLI
BACILLUS-MEGATERIU
6ACILLUS-THURINGIE
KEYWORD INDEX
LAKLY LXPFRIMtNTS AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEVH
LAGtn LAYLR PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH UXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DMAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
THL APPARENT-DIGESTIBILITY OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN IN TOPLAN OR IEO-POULTRY-MANURE KEYWO
LAGOONS FUR LIVESIOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF
AMAI-HUH1C LAGOONS CONS IUERAT IONS IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAER
APPLICATION UTILIZATION ANO DISPOSAL OF LIVESTUCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
CRUP YIELDS FKOM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
USL 01- SUIL TO TREAT ANAERCBIC LAGOCN EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP
GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FCR DISPOSAL OF LIOUIO MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN
MuVtMEUTS UF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATER LYSIMETER PLOW-
USING SDIL FILTXATIUN TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GRUUNOH
FUKHOW MANURE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY APPLICATION-RATES PLOW-FURROW-COVER DISPOSAL
SPRINKLER APPLICATION CF ANAEROB1CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
PESTICIDES AND PEST-MANAGEMENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION ANO MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWOROS
A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
OTHER REScAKCH NEEDS KEYhOKUS FARK-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
SAVANNAH RIVErt ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-HEOUIREMEN
SOME EFFECTS OF ORGANIC KASTES ON AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED HABITATS KEYWOROS LAGO
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON MATER USES KEYWORDS BOO COD DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN
RECOVERY UF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM HIGH DUALITY SURFACE WATER KEYWORDS
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TU RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
NITRATES IH THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWOROS AOUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO
SAVANNAH RIVEK ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 197L KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN
AGRICULTURES CO.NTR IBUT ION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N NU
FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWOROS WATER-DUALITY WATER-POLLUTION HATER-QUALITY-MANAGE
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL WATER FROM CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND BANK WEEDS KEYWOR
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWOROS
LIOUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWOROS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-L
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY ANO NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG
FERTILIZERS AND FEECLOTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNOHATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FCR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-HASTES STORAGE ULT1MATE-D1SPO
LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULIURAL LAND KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWOROS HATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ
CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-OUALITY SO
IMPLICATIONS OF NATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
DISTILLATION OF WASTEWATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOR ARID-REGIONS KEYWOROS EFFLUENT-REUS
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWOROS
PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-UTTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA
FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWOROS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWOROS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS
DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM POULTRY-LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, ANO CROPS KEYWO
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A
DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWOROS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-BYPRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE WASTE-DISP
DEAD BIRD DISPOSAL BY RENDERING KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE HASTE-BIS
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWOROS HATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
COMPOSTING KEYWORDS ARTIFICIAL-USE HUMUS AERUBIC-CONOIT10NS COMPOSTING
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OFIRRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD
THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPOR
NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS OOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOIS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS L
ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE
FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
ROLE OF EXCRETED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT WASTE KEYW
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A
U S D A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENC
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FDR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE
TECHNICAL ANO FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOMINIST
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT CFIRRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
NITROGEN COMPOUNOS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW
THE INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY DI
EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON THE PIG KEYWORDS EFFECTS ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONIA PIG
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION C FLAMELESS
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYHCRDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
ATTRACTION UF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWOROS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
PROPERTIES ANO PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWOROS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP
TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING Of ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES S01L-CONTAMINAT
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW
THE EFFECTS OF FARMYARD MANURE ON MATR1C SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A SANOY LOAM SOIL KEYW
ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM HELIOTHIS-ARMIGERA ANO ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIDS NITROGEN
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSI5 IN CATTLE MANURE ON HCUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWOROS
-------
jiUO 64 124O
1100 65 050 J
•100 65 0694
•luO 66 0290
jlOO 70 0049
JIUJ 70 1217
I1UO 71 0291
1100 71 0451
•100 71 0476
•tlUO 71 0722
1H BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATOR
KEYWORDS NICRCBIOL06Y BACTERIA FARM-HASTES
S "RYNEFORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER
RENOV»T'°" »S * FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP
TV KEVHOR°S "ACREATIUN
EFFECTS OF MSLHPLE SSE ON uiJ^'S,^, ,"MPARATIVE f«OUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A
SALMONELLA JN THE LAYrSc MFN I 5.?^hiTY °F HIGH MOUNI*1N WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
KEYWORD INOEX
BACTERPROCEEUINGS
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIAL
"C^AL^T,1 T^
EJSSiJSStr ESKeKS^K^
BACTERICIDES A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT Of AN**!? !.?TC? T °°S F°R «IE«IN« F«AL POLLUTION KEYWORD
BACTERIODACEAE ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES Kslw^nt ?Jn, IJ?!" T° CONTROL »WON1A AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS
BACTERIOOES-FRAGIL ISOLATION OF AMERoli! wlmol ISM! 22 J"LTURES SOU-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
BACTERIOLOGICAL-AN WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PftlSItF »??•?!!» CULIURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
BACTERIOLOGICAL-AN BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A «CT SJ OF ?£J iJiEJ KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
°«'"° •"—•-• -- -- ^u""* uh * SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTERl
MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK
BACTERIA COLIFORMS
: ! " °
BACTERIOPHA6E
BACTERIUM-COLI
BAGGING
BALANCE
BALANCE-OF-NATURE
BALANCE-OF-NATURE
BARLEY
BARNYARD
BARNYARD
BARNYARD
BASAL-DIET
BASE-FLOW
BASIN
BASINS
BASINS
BASS
BATCH-SYSTEM
BAYER
BAYER
BAYER
BAVER-29493
BAYS
BEDDING
BEDDING
BEDDING
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
BEEF
bEEF-CATTLE
bEEF-CATTLE
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOB ADDtlcn B AfTm m, «~ ---- --...,,.,-,.,„ wwta nunn^ uMbitn*
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM SROne icSUn £1ERICLOSY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KE^oSS? c^rVP^5 6ACTERI* COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
sEi»^
EOTlS
00 YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU
MAV4"?AH RIVER ECO|.06Y LABORATORY
bEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF, SOLID
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLJES
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES
POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS
IN FREE-
HANDLING
PRESERVATION „,
OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS
FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEOLOTS
ariss Sc^^:rsS?STiislh?s!i-ii[i5;"H!;L" «"°M* 'AN«"UBTC-EBND,T
HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF nlfav *Sn c C TTLE FEE1"-OTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR
A MATHEMATICAL SliuLATldS"J BKF AN?SiJI A REiff?.C*IIIE H4STES '" CONFINED SYSTEMS K
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE P^?^ «w « POTENTIAL KEYWORDS HATHEMATI
BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - CXIDATl^N Dl?r« JII nL"'™ EMPHAStS °N BEEF CATTLE KEYWOR
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT iII?F Ep!2rDn, C°° BCD TS TVS PH DQ TEMPERATURE
CA* Dnor,nrT,r,>, ™~i --.. !??!. ^EEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB
n
-- - RUNOFF WASTl-STORAGE WAST
1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTR1ENT-REOUIREMEN
SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS
FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
.-— FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
• MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
• MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
GREAT SOUTH "'" ' — —
AND
ANIMAL M»N"RES IN COLD CLIMAT
• — •~»*.w*&«ijWi^ ur occr r
GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WAST
FFF4^!"1 °F BEEF-""1-E WASTE WAUR
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT ftUNOFP nw UAT
BEEF-CATTLE-WASTES OXIDATION DITCH l'< A CONFlEfMF4J
BEEF-FEEDLOT BEEF-FEEDLOT OPERATIoS? li ONTAHln
BEEF-HOUSING-SYSTE CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF I «
BEEF-WASTE EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE Ffeni ST
KB"—-B|re» S^JgBWS
BEHAVIOR SLOPING FLOORS FOR RFff-r«TTIc
BENEFICIAL-USE THE SPORTSMANS »?„"""""
»NAEROBIC-OIGESTION GASES COD COMPOST
4N»ER08IC-DIGEST ION GASES COO COMPOST
- "EUSE KErHO*DS 600 COD PH SEPTIC-TAN
'""OUNOMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL
KEVWOROS F»R"-HASTtS CONFINEMENT-PENS OX
ST°"AGE TRE»THENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE
SYSTEM m»°™S CLIMATES FEED-LOTS
ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS
ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS
5 PEST1CIOES «««E DEGRADATION RAD
UIS(>OS*1- CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FLOORS
87
-------
KEYWORD 1NOCX
100 67 1218 BENEFITS FUTUKE WATER UUAL1TY DESIGN KEYWORDS HA TER-OUAL 1 T V WAT ER-PCLLUT ION WAT ER-CUAL I TY-MANAGE
200 71 0202 BENEFITS SEDIMENT EVEKYBODY 5 POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEOIMENTAT ION SCS WATERSHED
200 71 028J BENEFITS ECONOMICS UF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEVWOROS STANDARDS COALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B
300 70 1192 BENEFITS IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUALITY LANS FOR THE FEEDLOI INUUSTRY KbYWCRDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
500700*0-) BENEFITS ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEVWOKOS WATER-QUALI TY COSTS BENEFI TS CUAL I TY-LEVELS EXTERNAL I T I ES M
100 72 11V5 BIU4CCUMULATION IMPROVED PKUCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
100 U 1199 BIUASSAY IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE CETERMlNA 11 ON UF OXYTE 1RACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
luo 72 1215 BIOASSAY AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES , KE
500 71 1254 BIOASSAY ISOLATION UF ANAEKOBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
100 65 0263 BIOCHEMICAL REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZAT ION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE
10J 66 0*37 BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FARH ANIMAL EXCRETA KEVWOROS LIVESTOCK GASES 8IOOEGRADAT [ON BIOCHEMICAL
100 (,« 1229 BIUCMEMICAL-OXYGE.M ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
100 70 10*0 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS I 4 OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS
100 70 1051 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWOKOS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIUS SOUR
100 71 0666 B1UCHEMICAL-UXYGEN CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE *f^9*°«|;D BIOCHEMICAL
100 71 10*7 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT BEEF BUILDINt, KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX
100 71 121* BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-HASTES WATER-POLLUT ION
100 72 07*6 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN RECYCLING SYSTEM fOR POULTRY WASTES KEYHORli NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC
00 72 1193 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN CHARACTER 1ST 1CS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYHOR
IJO 72 1235 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLCT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-
100 73 lie* HScHEMicA^SxYGEN AN^L iASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
200 6* 0750 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN LAGOONINS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI
200 6* 0759 BIOCHEMICAL -OXYGEN STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCMEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CHEHICA
200 69 0696 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-WATERS DISCHARGE LAGO
2uO 70 0687 BIOCHEMICAL-UXYGEN OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG'ASATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF
200 70 0728 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WAST6-T
200 70 0755 MIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN FEEDLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-D1 SPOSAL
200 70 1113 BlOCHtMiCAL-OXYGEN AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT PF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
200 70 111* BldCHEM CAL-OXYGEN ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A CUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA
200 71 0821 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN AN OXIDATION DITCH FOR THE MAILING AMD TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTtS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE
200 71 08*? B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE TIME FOR AEROBIC WASTE OIGfSTORS . KEYWORD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AN
200 71 1099 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
200 72 105* BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS
300 69 0733 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND KEYWORD SETHING-
300 49 1125 B UCMEMICAL"-OXYG!N ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK.WASTES FARM-W
soo 69 i so BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN CATTLE FEEULOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
300 70 038* B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
300 It 0677 B OCHEM CAL-OXV«N THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
300 71 1055 B §CHEM cJt-omlN ANNUAL REPORT OF ACT VITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
300 7^ (Sol I ScniS CAt-ixYGiN STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS *"Ef P°"U"°N """ J'J"-"""
500 68 1259 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STA8ILIZATIO
600 69 160 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN CHARACTERIST CS OF CATTLE FEEOLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNL'FF OISS
600 72 001 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR S-INE WASTE KEYWOKOS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
700 70 0*6 BIOCHEMICAL-«VGEN AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC
700 70 1066 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR
7UO 70 109 B OCHEM "t-5x«eN IN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SW|NI WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE! HOGS A
700 71 U20 B OCHM CAL-OXVGM SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NI.RATE CONTAMINATION IN SUME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
100 72 122* BIOCHEMICAL-TfSTS FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
200 6* "o I ScSIS sm "i PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
100 69 0373 BOCONTROL ARTHROPOD-PREUATORS OF IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL
200 71 0276 B OCONTROL THE SPORTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TOX1CITY 8IOLOG
300 71 1106 B OCONTROL MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
140 66 Sii? I SoE^wiTION pSSpERflE? OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES BIOOEGRAOAT1ION B.UCH6MICAL
100 69 0030 BIOOEGRAOATION TREATMENT 'UF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIOOEGRAOAT °* "«« ?°° ANAEROBIC-.OI
100 TO 0028 B100EGRADATION HOUSEFLY LARVAt BIODEGRAOATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS
100 71 0273 B ODEGRADAT ON ROLEOF EXCRETED CHLORTETRACYCLINE IN MODIFYING THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IN FEEOLOT WA
200 66 0112 BIOOEGUMT ON REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL .REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR BIOO
200 69 0056 BIODEGRADAT10N PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KfcYWORDS
200 69 0193 B OOEGRADAT ON ROLE OF EXCITED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION UF FEEOLOT WASTE KEYW
200 70 0716 B ODEGRADAT ON BlOUEGRAOATlON OF POULTRY MANURE HRCM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA
200 70 111! B ODEGRADAT ON CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS WA
200 71 082* B ODEGRADAT ON AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LUUIO AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS BIODEGRADAT10N NITRIF1C
200 71 0837 B OOEGRADAT ON AERATION 'Wl TH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS OODRS EMITTED FROM LICUIO SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS K
200 71 1099 B ODEGRADAT ON SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
700 70 1066 B ODEGRADAT ON WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT nASTE-DI SPOSAL HYOROGR
600 72 1153 B OENERGETICS MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS
100 70 1217 B OINDICATORS APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
200 71 0832 B 0 ND CATORS GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATEK-POLLUTION SA'
loo 70 ll" B 1° \HO ""Ss FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES V6CTROS-BIOLOGY
100 65 033* BOLOG CAL CHEMICAL AND B OLOGICAL REACTIONS FROM LAGOONS USEO FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAG
100 66 0063 B OLOG CAL SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS .PESTICIDES SEWASE DEGRADATION RAO
So 69 M" B OLOG "t "isiCAL AW BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION CF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY
100 71 034B B OLDGICAL BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS
200 027* B 0 S' cit-CONCENT ?HiL?PORTSMANS. vIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT 8. OCONTRCL BENEFICIAL-USE TOX.CITY BIOLOG
»00 73 1191 BIOLOGICAL-FLY-CON MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOP. CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWOKDS
100 71 1232 B OLOG CAL-OXYGEN- WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
200 70 07*7 B otflG "t-PROPERT ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEECLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT DESIGN-CRITER
200 72 1016 B OLOG CAL-PROPERT CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
fflS 71 1221 B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES OETERM CATION OF MERCUKY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUICS BY AERATION C FLAMELESS
Jno 7J 1199 B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE OE FERPINATION OF CXYTETRACYCL INE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
Sn « llll S OLOG C»L-slHPL« AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN blOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
no « lilt B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES PEPSIN DIGESTIBIL TY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA
inn 7? UOO B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE OUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTKO
I™ 7 }}« BDLDG CAL-SAMPLES ISOLAT ON OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
tnS Ji J«t R \OLDS CAL-SYSTEMS KECYCL NG AND UTILIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE-WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYnOROS BIOLOGKAL-SYST
2SS IJ «lll S mSc clt-TR6ATME AEROBIC-PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE KEYHORUS BOD CUD COSTS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT OXIOAT
100 SS ?n!n R StSc cJ^TREATME STABILIZATION OF DAIRV WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTFRI AL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS
™ ln f»? I \DLOS cit-TRE»TMl AWICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE «VUW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
° F KYWORDS WASTE-WATEK-TREATMENT LAGOONS PD
DL -
« ,™ B OGIcL-TREATME LAGOONS AND OX OAT I ON PONDS LITERATURE REVIFW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATEK-TREATMENT LAGOONS PD
SS IS i?»S S StSS ML-TRMTSI THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE
v™ Jo o«? R 10LOG CAL-TREATME ENGINEERING-RESEAKCH ON FARM-ANIMAl-MANUR£ KEYWORDS ODORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-
RS « ??o2 2 o^as clt-mirKE SICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION CC.NO KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY o
R^QG CAL-TREATME THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONCHLALLV FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD
B \DLal cit-TREATME FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LM TEO-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOO COD DO ODCR COSTS tCUIPMENT
B IDLal ciL-mATME FEEOLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL
FF KEYWORDS
„ ?n« B OLOG CAL-TREATME APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIUUES TO FEEDLOT *UNCFF KEYWORDS
I ?It ! StnGlcit-ml"! "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
«„„ ... .--• ---- -TREATME A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WAiTE 01 5PU51L »T»iei" IBiyuLyii^u ific ncuoe ur ...cr. «.
300 S? } ?o S mSfi clt-T»E»THE TREATMENT OF AOUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOK CLEAN WATER ANO FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD
300 ?1 ,\\, »ininr CAL-TREATME CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBR»TING-SC«EEN HYDRAUL1C-TRANSP
l°° ?J 02M 5 Ot06 Ml-I««t5I AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEULOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
1240
1100
1086
1086
iOO 69 0056
100 65 1219
100 71 1092
3uO 72 1085
2uO 64
300 71
600 72 1163
400 65 0485
100 66 0479
ICO 71 1221
1UO 71 1223
100 72 1215
100 '73
100 73
300 70 1101
300 4* 1210
100 62 0292
1UO 62 0480
100 63 0338
100 64 0474
1CJO 65 0075
100 65 0334
100 65 0346
100 65 0376
100 66 0347
100 66 0473
100 66 0906
100 68 0087
100 66 0106
100 68 0337
100 68 0381
100 69 0030
100 69 0035
100 69 0037
100 69 0071
100 69 0259
100 69 0353
100 69 0355
100 69 0360
100 70 0051
100 70 0089
100 70 0369
100 70 0458
100 70 0585
100 71 0273
100 71 0318
100 71 0574
1UO 71 0682
200 66 0115
200 66 0116
200 66 0117
200 66 0133
200 66 0134
200 66 0135
200 66 0138
;200 66 0139
200 66 0144
200 66 0152
200 66 0156
200 69 0055
200 69 0074
200 69 015T
200 69 0160
200 69 0162
200 69 0163
200 69 0164
200 69 0168
200 69 0176
200 69 0177
200 69 0178
200 69 0180
200 69 0182
200 69 0183
200 69 0184
200 69 0187
200 69 0193
200 69 0194
200 69 0199
200 69 0423
200 69 0424
200 69 0425
200 69 0428
200 69 0430
200 69 0548
200 69 0708
200 70 0214
200 70 0218
200 70 0219
200 TO 0234
200 TO 0240
200 TO 0241
200 TO 0242
200 TO 0243
200 TO 0251
200 TO 0292
200 TO 0253
200 70 0717
200 TO 0718
200 71 0669
200 71 07TO
BIUMASS
BIOSPHERE
rilOTRUL-BTB-183
BIO-CHEMICAL-OXYG
bIROS
BIROS
BIURET-REACTION
BLOAT
BLOOD
BLOOD
BLOOD
8LOOU
BLOOD
BLUOO-XANTHOPHYLL
BLUE-CREEN-ALGAE
BOATING
BOO
BOD
BOO
BOU
BOD
BOD
BOU
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOU
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOO
BOO
bOD
BOO
BOO
bOO
bOD
BOD
BOU
BOD
BOU
60(1
BOU
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOD
BOO
BOO
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOU
BOO
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOO
BOO
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOO
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD .
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOD
BOO
BOD
RESULTS °f A NCVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING
KEYWORDS
Thl EFFECT nf ftl°nl,tr ^^ "™ VA"IOUS LEVELS OF «K MANURE ON THE P MENTATION OF I
BACT^Rl^L? FfHr}? nt I'??cHENS V*R1°US LEVELS OF CD* "ANURE °N ™E PIS*ENT*nON OF I
TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK «»a£
A^«LESis?E4NALri!T?L5fT^E FEEDLCTS T° REOUCE "A'E° """IS CHORDS RUN^r ft°"
OX SlnON-DITCH TflF*Ii?«A re ?2^J L.^.r"0"05 POLLUTION BCD COD NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC-DIG
FARM-WAS?^ KFvJ™nI anJ ?nnS iNE.*AStES KEYNORDS SLURRIES BOD COO ODORS EQUIPMENT L
THE feACTFRfAl fnJn^inS nc ^ H?LL*ND 4<*°BIC-TREATMENT NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OXYGiNATION
IMPACT If i*iT?PnV,,AI »n?MN IN°°C" pOl"-TRY-LAGOON KEYWORDS E-COLI BOO MICROORGANISM
TREATLSr S« iJn m«oS^IJTANTS °N "IER USES KEY«ORDS BOD COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
TREATMENT, USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION noon
iwTiSl^S"^^?^^ EX"EHENT "Y^"«G LCA80RATORY-r«?RS?TEM;«rTiRE SLuS
BOD fadl PRS2lMf JnJ Srm?l£ ^AGCON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA
Of E«?52?cn rufSRTcS»LZ 6ROI|E«S AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BOD PROBLEMS POULIRY GR
ff Im ?n y2c5«°RISIRl?!£L12E '" MOO"=Y"*5 THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IN FEEDLOT WA
'E.^VEM£NT ON BEEF FEE°i-OTs KEYWORDS coo BOO oo SOIL-C
n ,, n T= BEEf BUlLD1N(; KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOD COO COSTS
RE * STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE HE
PHSC, r n rn/EYklOR°S "ONOMICS bOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FARM
'°
SWNF
AEROBIC
n KEVklORDS SLOTTED-FLOOR AERATION BOD COD COLLECTION P
TW° "KOBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYW
cn. "*1*"" STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS 600 LABORATORY TE
M,,.«?«I!?ER2?IC LAGOONS FD" SW"«E M»"U« DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COD BOD TEMP
HF n,,?Em?I,T?CHNiaUES KEYIIORDS LAGOONS COO BOO ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF A
nF ?VSnlS SIS?.{NS.IHEU EFFECTS ON W*«R QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOO POU
URE '°^ E"°M CO"f"*EO LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOD COST NUTR
?*STES KEYWOR°S SWINE COST BOO NITROGEN NI TROGEN-BALAN
*'MAI- W*STES KEY"0»DS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
KEYl*ORos OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH
nF AM i,« c 8°U COD °° PH XATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
2n ?nIE,RB0n,,TInn.SI*NDAROS °N IHE RE8UIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES
?n.TU?2r SS.;?1"*1- "SIE "EATHbNT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE
J?RcI?! STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION
£P nT.'nJIi™ *N° AN*EROfllC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B
DISPOSL OF nY ?AT? C I^rcc'a41- MANUR£ IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON
FELD TES?£ nf n.InflmS nttr16!,*" *ER4IED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS BOO COD OX
ST5o? £F TH*F iiw JS JiiV TCH" 'N CUNFINEME*T SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXYGE
fl*° MSTt SlS?n«r JVI.S {?,*,! 2c °ITCH T° ST«>LIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COLO CLIMAT
CATTLE FEED?0? SA?« o,1.'?l™U2iE,S UTIL1ZING * "ODIFIEO PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH, SETTLIN
THE EFFECT a? FFFn n?^triTr^n°RULCCy BYWORDS HYDROGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS 1NTEN
TREATMENT n? y«f« «niC«JcAN? "*N»GEHENT "N THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
«!« LMM PERFO^.N?? T2EDL«AuItE FE"LUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT
CHARACTER^ST?^ nF ISSIn,,? c^,S,?i™ OXIDAT'ON DITCHES AND L10UID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
TYPICAL SiRlIT?n2t ASrnn^cS2LUII°N °F CATUE MANURE KEY"0»OS BOD PH REOOX-POTENTIAL
mimE KoJJJ??? nFC?2?I!RE2.i?c™E ME»SUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND OF ANIMAL -ASm KE
2 ND CoSplSS?S^nl ANIMli 2i«?*S? OISPOSAL «Y SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD
ANIMAL WASTE RUNnFF!2^nS2Ifc!ANAGEMENT KEYWOR°S RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-D
AN SAL SAST!S - S Sim? ^?,,^InS SUALITr CHAL>-ENGE KEYWCRDS RUNOFF BOO POLLUTANT-IDE
DESIGN FUR FEEDLSr 2«RF 2^2?.,?RU°LEM KEYk(OROS »00 CCO HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
n,i!i ?TV S!r»nTo; ""TORY AND CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-R
SSK S=!=HHi2r SaaS
89
-------
JOO 71 0773
-------
^UO 7J 1062
JOO 71 0269
JOO 71 0610
40J 71 0293
luu 7) 11VO
IUU 71 1221
luu 69 OJ73
100 70 0340
100 70 1041
IOC 70 1237
200 73 1062
300 70 018?
400 71 029*
400 71 0350
400 72 113»
4oJ 73 1145
4oU 73 1160
6uO 69 1239
600 72 1074
100 70 0017
'luu 71 1212
101) 70 0094
300 72 1157
300 72 1157
2- "STES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
MPERATURE REGULATION IN CATTLE KEYWORDS CATTLE TEMPERATORE-CONTROL HUMID
M.M.rr c 5LURWIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC
MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F
THF rnJrSrnfr nURE*nJEN' KEYHORI:S LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP
THF £2«m,n?t n! luc ?n *2 ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTt DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
rV?EF
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
200 66 010 69 0541
200 69 0543
•200 69 0544
200 69 05*5
2UO 69 0546
200 69 0547
200 69 0549
iOO 69 0550
200 69 0552
200 69 0554
200 69 0555
200 69 0556
20U 69 0537
200 69 0558
200 69 0559
200 69 0561
200 69 0562
200 69 0563
200 69 0564
200 69 0565
200 69 1116
200 70 0054
200 70 0219
200 70 0245
200 70 0670
200 70 0719
200 70 1175
200 71 0593
200 71 0605
200 71 0664
200 71 0665
200 71 0705
200 71 0709
200 71 0762
200 71 0771
200 71 0772
200 71 0773
200 71 0776
200 71 0779
200 71 0782
200 71 0764
200 71 0786
200 71 0788
200 71 0769
200 71 0795
200 71 OT96
200 71 0797
200 71 0801
200 71 0806
200 71 0814
200 71 0819
200 71 0820
200 71 0823
200 71 0826
200 71 0829
20U 71 0830
200 71 0833
200 71 0834
200 71 0836
200 71 0840
200 71 0846
200 71 0847
200 71 0851
200 TZ 1015
200 72 1018
200 72 1019
200 72 1021
200 72 1022
2uO 72 1023
200 72 102*
200 T2 1029
200 T2 1030
200 T2 105*
200 72 1192
200 73 1062
200 73 1082
200 73 1083
200 73 1189
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CAITLE
CATTLE
CATILE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
COPROPH4GY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH
MULE OF THE RENUERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC
PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA A$ RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIOUIO-W
CATTLE FEELUOT RUNOFF NATUXE AND BEHAVIOK KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO
CATTLE FEEULOT WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEOLCTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION
THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
ECONOMICS UF «ATE« POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOO COO DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLIO WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE
CATTLE MANURE- REUSE THROUGH WASTELAGE FEEDING KEYWORDS FEEDS PERFORMANCES WASTELAGE
CHARACTERISTICS UF AQUEUUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOO PH REDOX-P01ENTIAL
HDLt OF EXCRETED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEEOLOT WASTE KEYW
RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL 8Y SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD
MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEECLOT WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NU
PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM-
FUTURE-TRENUS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE
PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS CATTLE WATER-POLLUTION FEEDL
INDUSTRY AHO THE ENVIRONI»ENT-FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOS
FEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C
INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FiEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOHI
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION Ml
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO
THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS W»
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDlOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS
THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN FEEULOT PCLLUTION CONTROL KEYWCROS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-*
HOW TO GAIN PUBLIC SUPPORT KEYWORDS RUNOFF POLLUTION-ABATEMENT CATTLE
STATUS,PLANS,6 NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH 0*
MISSOURI S ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ADMINISTRA
STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FeEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS
STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A
STATUS UF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS
COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION C
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUN
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN
RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BYPRODUCTS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VIEWS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS HASTE-TREATMENT CAT
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS PCLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADI
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD
MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE UF POULTRY LITTER ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LAWS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LE61SL
CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PtNS RUNOFF GROUNOWATER-FERTILI TV SOIL-
ADVISORY GKOUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE
WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-OISPOSAL-F1ELDS SEPTIC-T
A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY KITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATHtHATI
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUTION ft
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS COOKS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS
A LAND RECYCLING LIOUID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLO
MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS FEED
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS REMOVED FROM OUTDCOR,UNPAVED, BEEF CATTLE FEEDl
EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TRE
MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS -SPRINKLER-IRRIGAT
A FARM SCALE DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE
THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MODERN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOCI
LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LECAL-A
ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG
DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE O
GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FEED MICRO
PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY MANURE SLURRIES K
COMPOSTING DAJRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C
PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORUS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL UUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING
COSTS OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINED CATTLE FE
BEEF WASTES AND THE OXIDATION DITCH TODAY AND TOMORROW KEYWORDS AERATION CATTLE 800 W
CHOP PRODUCTION AMD SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFEC'EO BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEOLCT WASTE
WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FRUM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID. AND DRY DAIRY
FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO
SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA
SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEPTCSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD PATHOGENI
LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, AERATION-CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FA
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN KANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL
STUDIES OF PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINA
NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CAT1LE WASTES KEYWORDS
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RL.NOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE PANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FK.UM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEECLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYhUKDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROltlNS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FRCM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORUS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEDLOT RUNCFF KEYWLWOS
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING MO THERMAL ENV1RDMENT DURING A FAL
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL
COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYRCLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SUL10-WASTES COSTS
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE KETORT-FEASIBIL I TY STUIJY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F
92
-------
)00 1077
100 HOS
100 30 1205
iGO 64 1110
IOO 67 0701
)00 67 0711
iOO 67 1249
!UO 68 1202
iOO 68 1209
tOO 69 0062
ICO 69 1060
ICO 69 1061
IOO 64 1180
iOO 69 1180
)00 69 1203
Jl/0 70 0208
)j'J Tit 0384
iOO 70 041*
300 70 07*3
100 70 1192
3uO 70 12*1
300 70 12*8
300 71 0*66
300 71 0915
300 71 0384
300 71 0624
300 71 0627
300 71 0692
900 71 0700
)00 71 1008
)00 71 1100
100 71 1246
JbO 71 1261
300 72 1085
300 73 1009
••00 66 0354
•00 68 0015
• 00 68 0101
•00 70 0092
tOa 71 0264
WO 71 0686
4UO 71 0753
WO 71 1131
".00 71 1172
400 71 1174
400 71 1196
4UO 72 1032
400 72 1136
400 72 1166
400 72 1173
400 72 1179
400 73 1007
400 73 1068
400 73 1158
400 73 1183
400 73 1191
500 71 1255
600 69 1006
600 69 1160
600 72 1004
600 72 1074
600 72 1148
600 72 1149
600 72 1153
600 72 1154
600 72 1156
600 72 1169
600 72 1177
600 72 1262
600 73 1065
600 73 1075
600 73 1147
300 71 0938
100 71 0307
400 65 0485
400 70 0029
100 72 1235
300 71 0466
100 69 0416
100 66 0087
400 71 0262
100 67 0230
100 68 0036
500 71 1254
200 66 0136
200 71 0851
400 71 1134
300 70 1084
300 71 1119
100 70 0342
100 72 1222
200 71 0860
200 71 0861
200 72 1021
200 72 1030
100 72 1199
300 67 1250
100 64 1200
100 69 1198
100 71 0454
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE •
CATTLE-CONFINEMENT
CATTLE-EGRET
CATTLE-FEED
CATTLE-FEEO
CATTLE-FEEDLOT-RUN
CATTLE-LOAO
CATTLE-SLURRY
CATTLE-WASTE
CATTLE-HASTE
CATTLE-HASTES
CAUSATIVE
CELLULOLYTIC-BACTE
CELLULOSE
CELLULOSE
CELLULOSE
CELLULOS1C-MASTES
CELL-GROWTH
CELL-MALL
CENTR1FUGATION
CENTRIFUGATION
CENTRIFUGATION
CENTRIFUGATION '
CENTSIFUGATION
CENTYRIFUGATION
CEREAL-CHOPS
CER100APHNIA
CCTRITUS
CHANGE
KEVtiQHD INDEX
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED KITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES
RULE ANO REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA HATER-POLLUTION
LSA«ET««?linL^INJUNt:TION T° "REVENT PQ1-'-UTION OF SPRING MTER i? CAT?LE I"wSSoS
LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOCM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKlLL LAKES
m^ NITRATETH^r,S0!UCULTURE K£Y"°ROS RUNa" RA1NFAU BACTERIA BOO COUFORMMSHK
IrIir.V?nI«, i.rt ?c'NTWELL H*TER «»«UROS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL
AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
I"ILITy °F UNITE° STATES F°" "EGIIGENT APPLICATION 0' INSEetJci
f« c UE. C°MPA"lf F"° L°T OPERAT0RS A*° "TILE OWNERS JOINT LIAB L
n rro! LE FEEOLCT WASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF
cn» rntl, L «iSOEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
Icsnl'nJ ~SUUJ'ON SIUOY KEy"ORU* CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
-feeOLOr POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
".2F-i! ER« * >" SOEMEAN°K KEYWORDS NDRTH-OAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
ANIMAL WASTE KE.YWOROS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO
T«e Ir?I"S?iSS S!UiLE-*N W*TER VOLUWE THO AN1H*L "ASTES PROf»-E KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW
cl>ElfhC1PING CO*MERC'4L FEEDLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRR
ni««. iS ?4Jf? BUA^ITY LANS *°" THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
iie?i « 5liNI>USTRIES 'N TE*AS AS *ELATED TO WATER OUAL1TY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS
J = r!, „*!, „ TES *ND GROUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
FECAL RESIDUES FROM LARVICIOES—POULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA BORON
llcl, ?E^LATIC"JS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANO MANAOEMEMT DECEMBER 1970 K
n!f?I £,,DEI?YI> ATEO Poljl-m "STE TO DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIDS NITR
DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A PRCTEIN SOURCE .FOR FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS FEED-IFFECIENCY R
EiF,!eJn?f. F?E5=P595E5SING ON DIGESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEOLOTS M
LIVESTOCK HASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL ANO CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R
DETERMINATION ON, MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTL6 FEEOING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOM
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RU.40FF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES
SALMONELLUS1S In CATTLE KEYWORDS PA1HOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS
CATTLE FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON POND FUR
MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PROOUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR
SEEK DATA IN FEEOLOT RESEARCH KEYWORDS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEDLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOO CATTL
HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DUMPS FAR
NEW PROCESS CONVERTS CATTLE RUMEN TO FEEDSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-TREATMENT SUSPEN
MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND SOLD AT A PROFIT KEYWORD FEEDLOT CATTLE MARKET-VALUE WAST
FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE
OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
LIOUIO HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AflUIFEH CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEEO-L
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAHS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES
HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEOING IN NORTHERN CALfFORNIA KEYWORDS
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
NEW ODOR CONTROL PROOUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXVGEN NITROGEN
«ln«JC!,.J[?!LI0 STOI> FEE°l-OT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM
on „;,.,. I CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
;2.I?U. AVE T0 MOVE IH °* CAN vou LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WA'ST
ESS. US ENT IN ARIZONi KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS
DISEASES OF FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-DISEASES CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WATER-
HYPOTHALAMIC TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN CATTLE KEYWORDS CATTLE TEMPERATURE-CONTROL HUMID
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEEO-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF OISS
CORRELATING OIL ANO ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS
SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEEO-LOTS AIR-
DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYwOROS GROUNOWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES I
MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWOROS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF
MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWOROS
WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FCR BEEf CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L
SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUrtE APPLICATIONS KEYHORDS APPLICATION-METHODS '
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYHORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
CLIMATE ANU THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYHOKDS CLIMATES FEEO-LOTS
EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL ANO PLANT TISSUE KEYWOROS
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FCR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULT1MATE-DISPU
CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES F*OM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF QUALITY-CO
ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM HELIOTHIS-ARMIGERA AND ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES
POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE
BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLCT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-
INFILTRATION RATES ANO GROUNDWATE* QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYWORDS BOD COD VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES REGRES
WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE Tl-f CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS
CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION ANO POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROb
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT CF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP
NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIKY CATTL iisTsl KE?W0"S
FEED EM TRASH, CUT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE BRUSH-CONTROL FARM-WASTES RECYCLING PR
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERA?^ SEW«£-"uDGE OIL
15 v TRSTD?GEt?iI?L!TYSSFCr!;FM^i r'ST,ES FOR CLEAN WATER ANO FOR "i"i»u[ PROTE!N PR
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY-TREATED FECES KEYWORDS DIGFSTItlN CCOMCUTIT ink
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR AMKAL PROTE1NSKEYMOROS D?GES? "" umflON ISImi
OEWATEKING POULTRY MANURE BY CENTRIFUGATION KEYWUHD CENTRIFUGATION DEWATERING POULTRY
SSLi2It?,*0ni?r,»?ISllW"OU$ S°LIOS FMM """"ION DITCH ««$ ilOuol " YwS«0 °R CYC
RECoilSl of AN M!L Ittn *™* r^5*1 UF LlvesroCK hASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROC CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FAKM-WASTES CATTLE FFFn I
IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK "" PRODUCTS "ic
DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER F1ELUS AND CORRALS IN THF Mln
"S«S"I«0CSJ?S!?.LNF«?USKDSS"*N AN° M'°SE "A^A SoR.NG THE SStOcS"^ STHW H °
CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER luAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISLATION
-------
J200 66 0139
jlCO 62 0480
'100 71 0758
,200 66 0134
\1
-------
100 64 1200
/iii M 1234
joo ri 026*
iv.< n i2ii
H;il 71 12 )h
?oo n OBIO
300 11 1170
luo 62 1220
LbU 63 10&4
100 TO 1111
300 71 1055
lui) 6J 028<»
IOU 71 0451
100 71 1232
200 70 0242
2
-------
,-UO 69 0157
^UJ 69 0160
*UO 69 0164
*UO 6<) 0167
iOO 69 0176
201) 69 0177
20U 69 0178
200 69 0100
iOO 69 0184
!UO 69 0199
2UO 69 0*25
200 69 0706
iOl) 70 0214
200 70 023*
-------
^00 Tl 0610
* 1167
2uO 70 02*4
200 70 0245
200 70 06TO
200 70 0728
200 70 1115
200 71 0603
200 71 0605
200 71 0607
200 71 0733
200 71 0763
200 71 O77Z
COMMUNICAIION
COMMUNl TV
COMPARISON
COMPARISON
COMPETINb-USLS
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
COMCOSUIOH
COMPOSITION
COMPOST
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING-PROCESS
COMPOUNDS
COMPRE5SED-AIK
COMPUTER-MODELS
COMPUTER-MODELS
COMPUTER-PROGRAMS
COMPUTER-PROGRAM
CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATIONS
CONCENTRATIONS
CONCENTRATIONS
CONCRETE-SLATS
CONDEMNATION
CONDITIONERS
CONDITIONS
CONDUCTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITY
CONFERENCES
CONFERENCES
CONFINED
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFJNEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONf INEMENT-HOUSIN
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS'
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
COMF1 NEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-CENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
KEYHUKC INDEX
cc"*i/Mic«rian is THE KEY 10 SUCCESSFUL ACTION KEYWORDS COMMUNICATION rtCHNOLUGY PULIT
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FUR IHE CONSIftUC11 UN AND IMPROVEMENT OFIKRIGATION SYSTEMS KfYWOKO
COMPARISON UF MEDIA FOR ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE AND SHIGtLLAE FRUM FfCAl SPECIMENS Kt
LAND DISPUbAL llf,0 STORAGE CF FARM HASIES 1 PLANNING AND CMCICE tjF SYSTEM KEYWORDS df
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECOWSK. I C. IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF wATEK ALLOCATION KEY*
POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES PUULTKY ENVIRONMENT At EFFEC
EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION OH BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND UF STEER EXCKEtA KEYWORDS il
THi PSUBLfcM OF DISPOSAL OF FAKM PASTES WITH PAK1ICULAK REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOU f
MANURt DECOMPOSITION ANU FATE OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SC1LS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FEHIIL
KECUCIIUN UF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FARM OXIDATION VAT KEYWORDS AE
THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO CUMPCJSTIN
AEttOBlC-DIGESTIONt COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYHOKDS AERATION WINDROW-METHUD PME
INVESTIGATIONS OH FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE DEGRA
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOI
THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCUB MIXTURES
DESIGN ANU OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOK COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD 000* WAS1
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BCD CCO SLUHK1ES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
MACERATION. FUR DISPOSAL CF DEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EQUIPM
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION KANAGEM
CDMPUST1NG KEYWORDS ARTIFICIAL-USE HUMUS AEROBIC-CONDITIONS COMPOSTING
MICH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING KITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN
COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C
MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILISERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MAKKET-VALU
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERT1LI2ERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS UENE
FAKM HASTE DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATEU-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LAND-DISP
CANADA ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PROUUCTION DESIGN M
MAXI-MUING FUR MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL
AEKOBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROtt
GAS PROOUCTIUN FROM BEEF CATTLE MASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES ODD COMPOST
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE'S FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT
FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNO
PCULTHY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A
A COMPUTER PROGK-AM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL UF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWUKOS COMPUTER-MOD
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TRE
MODELING FEEOLOT KUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS cou DISCHARGE HYOROCRAPHS CONCENTRATION s
RAPID CONCENTRATION OF STRONGYLE EGGS FROM EQUINE FECES FOR IN VITRO STUDIES KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON Ih£ GAS CONCEnTRATIQN IN A PART- SLATTED PIGGERY KEYWORDS EFF
A KAP1D AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT
STATUS REPORT ON HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL HASTES IN THE PROVI
THE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN HATER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DOT SOURCES CONCENTRATION
ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEHOB[C-TREATMENT WASTE-T
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MARtK S
D€HAURING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEWATEIUNG VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD
GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC ANU ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE L1PNOLOGY CF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASIES KEYWORDS
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES ANU RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPCSAL CF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOIS SURFACE-RUNOFF DI5S
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES HATER-QUALITY SO
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
HANDLING) STORAGEi AMD TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
IDENTIFICATION OF CASES IN A CONFINEMENT SWINE bUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGA
TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOI
POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION
LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI
BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AMD FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE DISPO
SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEECLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTEO-FLOORS
MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABOR IN FREE-STALL AND LOOSE HOUSING KEYWORDS CATTLE CONFINEME
HATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAY ASSIST UITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO
OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION UITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K
FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATIUN DITCHES IN CONFINEMENT SwINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXVGE
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CDNF1N
ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEK061C-TREATMENT COSTS
CONFINEMENT SHINE HOUSING - SPACE REQUIREHENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE'SEA
CONFINEMENT SHINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS RE1NFORCED-C
STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FASH ANIHAL WASTES IN THE PROVI
HATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
INFLUENCE UF SPACE ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYH090S CONFINEMENT-PENS WEIGHT-GA
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS UITH OXIDATION D11CHES ANU LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT 6EEF BUILDING KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOD COD COSTS
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWCROS ODORS COD CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS USING SOLID-STATE CONTROLS KEYHORD CONFI
CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PKOPEfUlES OF PIG MANURE KEYHORC FEED BIOCHEMICAL
OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT BEEF HUJLUING KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-PDLLUTANTS GL
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINEME
THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU
GUIDELINES TO LANO REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN
POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLUTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS SILAG
HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTATING SW1N6 KEYwCRD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-OUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS RESULAT
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUN
AGRICULTURAL WASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURE
MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES ShINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS
MINIMIZING THE rtASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL CUSTS CCJNF tMEftEMT
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T
CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FAXK-HaSTES MITHUGEN-COMPOLINDS MA
EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES AND ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY KEYWORDS TR6MM.E
CATTLE FEEULOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNCFF G8CUNDWATER-FERTIL1TY SOIL-
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORUS RUNOFF IRHIC-H IGN-POACl ICES FIfcLD-iPREADING CONFINEME
ALTERNATIVES FOR HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES
ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES -CONFIMEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT
A. LAND RECYCLING UOUJC PANURE SYSTEM FOR A LAR5E-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLO
-------
200 n U779
iOO 71 0760
200 7L 0784
200 71 0786
,200 71 0603
'200 71 0819
MENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
COVFINEMENT-PENS
Ca.\FINEMtM-P£NS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CUNFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINMENT
CO.NGRE5S
CONIFEROUS-FORESTS
CONNECTICUT
CONSERVANCY-DISTRI
CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION
CONSTRUCT
CONSTRUCTION-COSTS
CONSTRUCT ION-METHU
CONSUMPTION
CONSUMPTIVE-USE
CONTACT-TIME
CONTAMINATED
CONTAMINATION
CONTAMINATION
CONTAMINATION
CONTENT
CONTINUOUS -CORN
CONTINUOUS-FLOW
CONTINUOUS-REACTOR
CONTINUOUS-REFUSE-
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
KEYWORD INDEX
EVALUATION OF bEEF FEEDICT kASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TRE
THE WASTE PATTERN W BEEF CATTLE CN SLATTED FLOORS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS COHfINEHENT-PEN
A FARM SCALE UAIKV HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE
THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MOCERN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLV URBAN SOCI
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING
COSTS Ot MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINEO CATTLE ft
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
WASTE-INDUCED PKOBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEEU-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CROP-PROOUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE I.ASTE KEYHOROS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMMONIA N
FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWCROS CONFINEMENT-PENS BCD CCD RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO
RULES ANU GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROML1VESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
ROTOR AERATION OF SHINE HASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PS
SWINE HOUSING AND HASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEH KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PtNS AEROBI
MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FESDLCT WASTES KEYWORDS CONF1NEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF
SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HCG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND KEYWORD SETTLING-
RULES FOR CONFINEO FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN fOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYHOROS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTIO
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL HASTES KEYWOKDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K
FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATEH-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLCT KEYWORDS
SODIUM ESG-SHELLS EFF-OtlALlTY EGG-PRDUUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LCTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-HASTES CATTLE
CONFINEMENT FEEDING PrtOS, CONS. AND TIPS KEYHOROS KUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION
HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS
ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES OAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGCON TREATING SWLNE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS bOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL DOOR ST
WATER POLLUTION ANU THE FARMER KEYWORDS RUNOFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE CO
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USER
CONNECTICUT RtaulREMENTS FOR LlflUlO MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS REGULATIONS POLLUTANTS C
CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS EMYIRONMENTAL-SANI
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU
DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SOI
ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FDR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
THF ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO AMMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
THF EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRRIGATED-AGR1CULTURE IN THE COLORADO-RIVER-BASIN
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FCR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATER AND HUMAN-INFECTION KEVW
GROUNDHATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN BARNYARD GRCUNOWATER CONTAMINATION
AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEY.OKOS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION
SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOH1N
BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN KANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITRD6EN
ECONOMIC RETURN FRCM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR HAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS
CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TC OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULIU
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO
POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES PUULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SWINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL K
GASES AND ODORS FRCM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IDEM
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISLATION
CON1ROL OF ODORS THKOUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS OOCRS POULTRY HATER-CONTENT CONTR
POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYHOROS SILAG
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL, CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL UF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PROVl
THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM tiff CATTLE
NDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLCT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOM1
THF KANSAS ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS MA
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION HAS
THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-*
MINNESOTA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULAT
STATUS.PLANstt NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SCUTH OA
STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS
STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS .KEYWORDS
STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A
STATUS OF NOHTH UAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FRDM A.MIMAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS
COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION C
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYHOROS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-ACENCIES
RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FtEDLUT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BYPRODUCTS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWQKOS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI
CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEOLDTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATI
HATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEULOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILISER NUTRIE
ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS SOALS EMVIRONMEMAL-OUALITY COSTS B
POLLUTION-CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO SHOULD MAKE THEM KEYWORDS INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS LEGISLA
AGRICULTURAL-BENEFITS FRCM URBAN POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATHEN
IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL HASTES K6YHORUS LAWS PERMITS ODOK LOCAl-GOVERNMENTS REGULA
MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR INIML WASTE CCNTKOL KEYWORDS Lf.CAl-ASPECTJ STANDARDS RffiULATI
PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS RESULA
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOMINIST
PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KIYWORCS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL
ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION CRYING SO
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-OILUTION *
METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF MALOOORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS C
CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM
COSTS OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS CF WATE-i POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINEO CATTLE FE
AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS OOORS EMIUtO FRCM LICUIO SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS K
AGRICULTURAL AND RELATEC WASTES CONTROL KEYHOROS HASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTKOL OF HATER POLLUTION FRBHLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS'JOINT LtA&ILI
HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD CO RIVERS WATER-8UALITY STREAM
THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
98
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
300 70 0*90
SCO 70 1192
SCO 70 12U1
!uO 71 0301
00 71 0674
00 71 0700
00 71 0309
uO 71 0456
00 71 1135
500 70 0397
<>UO 73 1181
1UO 65 0470
300 69 0638
400 71 OSOi
100 70 0013
300 70 0491
200 70 0747
200 71 3662
300 71 1061
100 Tl 0695
200 68 0760
100 71 1214
200 71 0811
700 70 0231
200 71 0281
100 70 0023
200 66 0115
200 66 0147
200 66 0148
300 67 1250
200 69 0173
200 70 0222
200 71 0778
300 70 0204
300 70 0475
4uO 73 1073
600 72 1177
600 73 1065
100 70 0421
300 67 1250
200 69 0196
200 69 0708
300 69 0004
100 66 0290
100 70 0019
200 66 0151
200 66 01S2
200 66 01S6
300 70 0743
400 71 0267
400 71 0267
400 71 0904
100 65 0366
100 66 0347
100 70 0047
11/0 70 0340
100 70 0342
100 70 0368
100 70 0510
100 70 1194
100 71 0574
100 71 0680
100 71 1047
200 69 0157
,200 69 0186
ZOO 69 02OO
200 69 0202
200 69 0427
200 70 0114
200 70 0234
200 70 0235
200 70 0243
200 70 0245
200 70 0246
200 70 0247
200 70 0250
200 70 0253
200 70 0321
200 71 0274
200 71 0283
200 71 0610
200 71 0816
200 71 0818
200 71 0819
200 71 0820
200 71 0839
200 71 0846
200 71 0850
200 71 1094
200 73 1062
300 69 0006
300 70 0206
300 70 0384
300 71 0704
400 66 0068
400 70 0097
400 70 0111
400 70 0151
400 70 0357
400 71 0267
CONTROL
CONTROL
CUNTKOL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTRUL
CONTKOLLEO-ENVIROH
CONTROLLING
CONTROLS
CONTROLS
CONTROL-OF-FLIES
CONTROL-PROBLEMS
CONTROL-SYSTEMS
CONVENTIONAL-HANUL
CONVERSION
CODLING
COOLING
COPPER
COPPER
COPPER
COPROLOGY
COPROPHAGCUS-BEETL
COPROPHAGY
COPROPHAGY
COPROPHAGY
CORES
CORN
CORN
CORN
CORN
CORN
CORN
CORN-FIELD
CORN-FIELD
CORN-ROOTWORM
CORRALS
CORRELATION-ANALYS
CORRELAT10N-ANALYS
CORROSION
CORYNEFORM
COST
COST
COST
COST
COST
COST
COST
COST
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
'N RETU"N-FLOW FROM IRRIGATED AREAS A DEMONSTRATION-PROJECT KEYWORDS
«IER aUALITY L»"S FOR IHE "EDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
«?* CT KEV"°ROS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
n n.n»R S "*6 CONfINED ""I"4"- FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULAIION FEDE
LVESnr? w??TR nr^cJ" ?4NURE MAN«CEM*N T KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-ORY1NG-MANURE
LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL ANO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
TRY ?nLKffp"nl;n^Y H°USE EXHAU" OD°RS KEYWORDS ALTERS DUST WA? ER-IpRArCON?ROL POUL
TRY TO KEEP OOORS UNOER CONTROL KEYWORDS ODORS CONTROL
ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE HOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS
2!?2iS ¥S.TE«?nESc«»*S«CUtTU**L "TER FROM CCMTROL of "UATIC AND BANK WEEDS KEYWOR
rShJSm i ?*J nrn°c*EVEk SEE ™E SE* KEYuaRUS REC IRCULATED-WATER SALMON RHODE-ISLAND
nnnJ ?hLING 0°°RS FROM C'TUE fEEOL°TS «OSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DES GN-CRITERI
P nALc W STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING ANO OISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS- EOUIPM
oo?Lf RMn"AnTES KElflREE-STALL-HOUSING EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON
FROM THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC
WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KtYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F
-------
500 70 0409
JUO 71 1056
/UO 69 0199
200 70 1113
100 71 10b6
700 72 1049
ZOO 69 0158
200 71 0733
100 71 0828
JOO 70 1192
300 71 0752
100 73 1162
100 70 1090
100 65> 1091
400 71 0315
400 73 1063
400 73 1068
400 71 0293
400 72 1138
200 71 0617
100 63 1064
3oU 70 1104
600 «9 1006
*00 71 0612
100 64 0345
100 69 0037
100 71 0582
100 71 0571
200 71 0775
200 71 0856
300 71 0412
300 1077
100 70 0417
100 70 1227
200 68 0724
200 71 0798
200 71 1252
300 49 1210
300 68 1122
500 71 1072
luO 62 1220
200 71 0828
200 72 1029
300 7( 1035
300 71 1035
100 70 0048
100 70 0340
100 70 1037
200 71 0648
200 71 0826
200 71 0828
200 71 0831
200 71 0833
200 71 0853
600 71 0271
JOO 69 0174
600 72 1169
100 70 0024
200 72 1152
100 65 1079
100 68 0502
600 72 1169
700 72 1049
100 70 0018
100 71 1212
300 70 1101
500 71 12S4
500 71 1254
100 69 1198
300 70 04S5
200 69 0162
200 71 1234
200 71 0833
100 73 1162
300 71 1126
400 72 1166
300 71 1119
200 71 0771
100 67 0713
100 65 0346
100 67 0713
100 69 0030
100 69 0445
100 71 0450
200 66 0134
200 68 0694
200 69 0056
200 69 0167
200 69 0201
200 69 0202
200 69 0522
200 69 0524
200 69 0706
200 70 0221
200 70 0222
200 70 0227
200 71 0665
200 71 0782
200 71 0792
200 71 0806
COSTS
CUST-ALLOCATION
COST-ANALYSIS
COST-ANALYSIS
COST-ANALYSIS
COST-ANALYSIS
COST-BENEFIT-K4TIO
COST-COMPARISONS
COST-COMPARISONS
COST-SHARING
COST-SHARING
COTTUN
COUMAPHUS
COUMAPHUS-ORAL-DRE
COM
CONDOMINIUM
COWMEL
COW-MANURE
COW-TOILET
CO-OPEXTENSION-SEU
CO-HAL
CKABS
CRANIOTOMY
CREDIT
CREEK-MATER
CRITERIA
CRITERIA
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROPLANDS
CROPS
CROPS
CROPS
CROPS
CROPS
CROPS
CROPS
CROPS
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-PROOUCTION-TE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-UTILIZATION
CROP-YIELD
CROSS-INFECTIONS
CROWDING
CRUDE-PROTEIN
CRUDE-PROTEIN
CULTIVATION
CULTIVATION
CULTURES
CULTURES
CULTURES
CULTURES
CULTURE-MEDIA
CURRENTS-WATER
CURRENT-TECHNOLOGY
CUTLOCK
CVANOPHYTA
CVCLING
CYCLING-NUTRIENTS
CYCLING-NUTRIENTS
CYCLING-NUTRIENTS
CYTOLOOICAL-STUDIE
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
D
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
KEYWORD INDEX
ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES H
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF MATER ALLOCATION KEYMO
RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED NET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD
AEKATEU LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-HAS
AN ANALYSIS OF IHE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYHO
ECONOMICS UF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS WATER-OUAL1TY COST-BENEFIT-RATIO ENV1RONMEN
ALTERNATIVES FUR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES
DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE 8V DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TRIAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLCT WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS
COUMAPHUS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS
TOXICITY OF UKOPPINGS FRCM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
IF COW MANURE BREAKS DOWN DOT KEYWORDS COW DDT
NEW FCEDLOI CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
NCW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS tFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS
THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ADMINISTRAT
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
USH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY
HYPUTHALAMIC TEMPtKATURE RtOULATION IN CATTLE KEYWORDS CATTLE TEMPERATURE-CONTROL HUM10
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 10 FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE
BUVINE-SALMONELLOSIS ASSOC IATED' W I TH CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATER AND HUMAN-INFECTION KEYW
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-OUAlITY-ACT BOD PHOSP
CRITERIA NEEDED TO DESIGN ANIMAL OUARTERS FOR COMFORT AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS AIR-8
EFFECT OF METHOD Of MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELDS, NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES
TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS 4FFECTEO BY RAINFALL INTENSITY,
GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY WASTES KEYWORD FERTIL
THE INFLUENCE OF ASHED POULTRY MANURE ON SOIL, SNAPBEANS, AND TOMATOES KEYWORDS CROP
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER F6EOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES
ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILISERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO
AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN
THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS
NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATERS
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FRCM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
DISPOSAL OF 6EEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PKOOUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA I THE ROLE OF ORGANIC
FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE
NITROGEN N AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYWORDS FERT1LIZER-REOUIREMENTS CR
CROP PRODUCTION AND SOU ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE
DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P
EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SC1L CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW
EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO
RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0
GROWING COKN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR
THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL OF LIOUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER NITRA
CROP YIELDS FRUM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUkE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS ROOEN
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS CF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POUtTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
SALMONELLA SPP AND SEROIYPES OF CSCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALWORM CO
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER CUALITY UF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS-
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BECOMES A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS ODOR GAS6S LAGOONS RE
THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY CF A PLND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYNOKDS FERTILIZATION CRO
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHCSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCARECUS SOU KEYWORDS
SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABCRAIORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYhCRCS bORUN NUTRIENT-HE4UIRENEN
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
TREATMENT OF AOUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD
TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS
SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWOROS D COD CATTLE NITRO
LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF
SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWORDS C COD CAT1LE NITKO
TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIODEGRAUATION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-lil
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALAND EFFLUENT
NITRATE AND SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND-WATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS CF 1 WO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYW
THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NCVEL B1CLCGICAL PROCESS FUR TREATING DAUY WASTES KEYWORDS
AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AERATICN TtMPERATURE ODOR COO LOADIN
ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FO* D«UY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST
FUTURE-TRENDS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE
CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COST I
HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER WATE
THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION
RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROT
WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPT1C-T
MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKltK-URIGAT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF HALQDOKS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG
COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C
100
-------
200 11 0836
ZOO Tl OBiO
400 6". 0358
4UU 71 0731
cUO 72 1156
100 6i 0344
100 68 1229
200 69 oiaa
100 70 OJ84
4UO 65 0332
400 70 0357
100 68 1229
ijO 70 1040
100 70 1090
100 70 1Z27
100 11 1214
too 72 im
ICO 73 1087
200 68 1187
iOO 70 0755
201) 71 060*
iOO 71 1095
300 46 1208
JOO 71 0732
400 73 1168
41,0 73 117S
6C.U 72 1004
6UO 72 1148
100 65 0331
200 66 0135
200 69 0552
JUG 70 0054
300 46 1207
300 49 1210
'300 68 1202
• 3uO 68 1209
300 70 0073
300 46 1207
400 68 0038
, 100 6-4 1200
' 1UO 6-4 1200
1 200 71 0841
: 200 64 1241
100 71 IZ13
300 67 0711
600 71 0272
IOO 71 1039
200 66 1112
300 72 1052
100 72 1222
100 71 1213
100 62 1220
100 7G 1111
2UU 11 0216
200 71 0280
200 71 1094,
300 72 1260
400 71 0293
400 71 0315
500 70 0395
400 70 0396
. 200 69 0520
1300 72 1157
;200 T2 1015
' 200 TO 1050
' 100 Zt> 1204
'400 65 0439
200 71 1252
300 46 1208
100 71 1120
200 71 0809
300 71 0514
400 71 0305
500 TO Q4QO
500 TO 0401
200 Tl 0828
300 64 1110
100 64 1200
100 66 0063
IOO 67 0501
200 66 0587
200 TZ 1023
600 12 1156
JOO 11 0629
100 70 0020
200 71 0848
300 70 0211
400 71 0504
100 65 0470
100 71 0748
200 69 0055
290 69 0186
200 70 0715
iOfl 71 06S1
2(jfl 71 06S6
200 11 0766
200 71 07B3
200 71 1096
300 70 0204
300 70 0209
KEYWORD INDEX
CMRY NITROGEN TRANSFORM*!]ON CURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFICAT10N Of DAIRY CATTLE Hi
DAIRY THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING CRIED POULTRY WASTE IN THE FEED CF LAVING HENS KEYWORD RECYC
DAIRY TREATMENT Uf FIRM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS bOD VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-HATER
DAIRY DISPOSING UF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES OAUY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER OISPO
DMHY SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZE* PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
DAIRY-CATTLE THE COLLECTION Of MANUrtE FROM HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLATTEC-FLOOHS OX
OAIKY-CAtTLE ANAEROBIC LAGOOM TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
OAIHY-CATTLE PROBLEMS ANC PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS Of MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
OURY-CAtTLE tHE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOIUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PC
DAIRY-CATTLE HOW WB HANDLE HOUID-KANUHE KEYKOROS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL
OAtRY-CAtTLE FROM THE AtS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC
LiAIRY-INDUSTRY ANAEROBIC LAGCON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
UAUY-INCUST*Y STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES liY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS
DAIRY-INDUSTRY COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS
DAIRY-INDUSTRY AGSICULTUR4L LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
DAIRY-INDUSTRY THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
UAIR.Y-INUUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS OF M1LMNO CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FRO* NEW YCRK. STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR
DAIRY-INDUSTRY ENRICHMENT UF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
OA1RY-INDUSTRY THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANASE
DAIRY-INDUSTRY FEEDLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISFOSAL
DAIRY-INDUSTRY STATUS OF OAIKY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT ANO H/kNAGEMEKT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUS!*
DAIRY-INDUSTRY HIULOGJCAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL CUA11TY KEYWORDS
DAIRY-INDUSTRY SHEEN V MCCLQUD ACTION TO ENJUIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WA16R-PO
DAIRY-INDUSTRY CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-INDUS!
DAIRY-INDUSTRY CALIFORNIA WAiTE PONOS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGAT1UN-STORAGE-PONOS LEACHING
DAIRY-INDUSTRY ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
DAIRY-INDUSTRY CORRELATING UIL ANO OOORCUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS
DAIRY-INDUSTRY DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS GROUNDWAFER-POLLU1ION FARM-WASTES I
DAIRY-MANURE DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES REURCULATEO-W
DAIRY-MANURE TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOD LABORATORY TE
DAKOTA STATUSfPLANS.E NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH OA
DAKOTA POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS
DAMAGES FAIRES V OUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
DAMAGES MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOK PULLUTION Of A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D
DAMAGES UWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF 1NSECTICI
DAMAGES ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY fEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI
DAMAGES STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS OODR NOISE LAWSUITS OAHA
DAMAGES-LEGAL-ASPE FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
DAMS PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONOS KANSAS WATER-QUALITY-ACT OAHS *UNO
ClAPHNIA PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF E5THWAITE
OAPHNIIDAE PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLACOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE
DARIY SHORT TERM AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FDR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRRI
UASYTRICHA PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUNEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI
DATA A COMPUTER PR06RAM FDR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
DATA IHE NITRATE HAZARD IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS HtLL-REGULATIONS PERCOL
DATA A DOSING-SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-HATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN
DATA-COLLECTIONS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
DATA-COLLECTION CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO
DATA-COLLECTIONS EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TC SOILS ON SURFACE ANO GRCUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
UATA-1NTERPRETAUQ PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FDR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA
DATA-PROCEDDING A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACT^RIA ENTERIC-
DOT WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
DDT POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLQRINATEO-HYCROCARBON-PESTICIOES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
DDT THE SPDRTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TOXICITY BIOLOG
DDT PESTICIDES KEYN3R05 COT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES
DDT AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTI ON—SOCIO-6CONUMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SO
ODT NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES UF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ
DOT SODIUM EGG-SHtLLS EFF-OUALITY EGG-PHOUUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
OOF IF COW MANURE BREAKS DOWN DDT KEYWORDS COW DOT
DOT CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN OUT DIELDRJN INSECT-CONTROL
DOT THE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN WATER ANO ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWCROS DDT SOURCES CONCENTRATION
OEA.O-ANIHAL-OISPOS DEAD-ANIMALS AND HOW THEY CONTRIBUTE TO POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS DEAD-AN
DEAD-BIRD-DISPOSAL CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
OE&RIS-»AS1N DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R
DECISION-MAKING THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
Dftl-SIONS OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GIMUN6 STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
DECOMPOSING THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN bUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC
OECOMPOSING.-CRGANI NITRATE POLLU1ION Of WATER KEYWORDS WAIER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GRDUNUWATER SURFACE-WATERS
DECOMPOS1NG-ORGAN1 GREEN V MCCLDUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
OECOMPO.SING-ORGANI SOURCES Of PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM ANO NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOKi CENTRAL NSW JERSEY STR
DECOMPOSITION ENiYME FACILITATED MICROBlAt DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOTMANURE KEYWORDS BOD AMINO
DECOMPOSITION FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES ANO ANTIBIUTICS—bEEF CATTLE KEYWORUS DECOMPOSITION DISE
DECOMPOSITION RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS
DECOMPOSITION MANURE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE Of BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOILS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERT1L
DECOMPOSITION MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE Of DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN NATES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL M
DEEP-TILLAGE DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANWU 91 DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS OEEP-T ILLAtiE COST-COMPARISONS tSOP-P
DEFINITIONS LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATEH BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTXOPH1CAMON ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES
DEFORESTATION PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AUB C.IDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITt
DEGRADATION SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RAD
DEGRADATION INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSTING POULTRY-MAKURtS KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OEGRA
DEGRADATION HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND M-THYL KERCAfTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGH4DATIO
DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE ANO SUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-P»OP£HU£S
DEGRADATION-OECONP SEEPAGE LOSSES ANO FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORCS
DEHYORATEO-FECES THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTES OPW DN THE PERFORMANCE
DEHYORATED-PDULTRV EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING OEHYORATED POULTRY WASTE O1 QUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS DU
DEHYDRATED-POULTRY DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE OPW AS A FEEDSTUFF IN POULTRY RATIONS KEYWORD RECYCLING NU
DEHYDRATED-POULTRY THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYORATED-PGULtRY-WASTE ON PRODUCTION! FEEO-EFFICIENCY, SOOY-WEI
DEHYORATING-POULTR COST OF OEHYORATINS POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELf-LlFE FERTILIZERS EOUIPMENT COST OEH
DEHYDRATION CONTROLLING DOORS FROM CATTLE FEECLCTS AND MANURE OEHYCKATIUN OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG
DEHVORATION THE ELIMINATION OF OODR FROM THE EFFLUENT GASES OF CHICKEN HANURE DRYING PLANT KEYWORD
DEHYDRATION MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
DEHYDRATION MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER, POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING OROiS-PHOfIT
DEHYDRATION OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC
DEHYDRATION ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-1REATMEN
DEHYDRATION MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INC1NERAI1UN RE
DEHYDRATION SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AMD ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY
DEHYDRATION. SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR ORY
DEHYDRATION ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES K6YWQKOS OtHYCRATION LANO-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
DEHYDRATION POULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS ANU SOLUTIONS KEYwORlS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO
DEHYDRATION THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS, OEHYORAU
101
-------
30J 71 062b
300 71 0630
300 71 1106
. 300 72 1157
JUU It Hal
400 71 0313
oOO 71 0*97
300 53 1206
7uJ 70 10*6
1^0 65 0263
lufl 66 0437
100 71 0304
iUO 71 0787
300 72 1085
300 70 0*«
100 65 026)
1UO 6i 1219
100 70 0021
100 70 0050
200 69 0179
200 70 0218
200 70 0727
200 70 0737
200 71 0818
200 71 0824
iOO 71 0827
200 71 0830
1.0(1 71 0838
iOO 71 0839
200 71 1033
300 70 0*87
300 71 0639
300 71 1058
400 69 0016
400 73 1073
400 73 1181
600 69 1239
700 70 1256
700 72 10*8
300 70 0208
600 73 1075
100 71 1Z28
200 70 1115
300 66 U22
300 68 07*1
100 70 0019
200 69 0*82
200 72 1018
200 72 1019
300 49 1210
300 68 0741
100 70 009*
300 69 0002
300 70 0*86
100 68 0500
100 70 0*58
100 71 0582
100 71 0721
100 71 0729
210 66 0138
200 69 0163
200 69 01B3
200 69 0*26
200 70 0219
200 70 0244
200 70 02*6
2DO 70 02*7
200 70 02*8
200 71 0597
200 71 0767
200 71 0822
300 69 0006
300 71 0590
300 72 1157
600 69 1005
600 71 0272
100 62 0*99
100 65 0366
100 69 0353
100 71 0266
100 71 1232
200 69 0756
200 70 0241
200 70 02*7
200 70 07*7
200 70 1113
200 71 0733
200 71 07*0
300 71 0*86
300 71 0752
300 72 1003
400 70 0092
500 68 1259
50O 70 0*01
200 69 0*23
200 70 0252
600 72 1001
200 69 0159
600 71 0*96
100 70 0026
DEHYDRATION
DEHYDHAT I UN
DEHYDRATION
DEHYCMAT I ON
DEHYDRATION
DEHYDRATION
uErtYURATIOM
DELAWARE
UF.LAWARE
OEMANO
DEMAND
DEMAND
DEMAND
DEMAND
CEMINEKALIZATION
DEVITRIFICATION
DEMTRIHCATION
DEVITRIFICATION
UENITRIF1CATION
DENITRIFICATIUN
DENITRIFICATION
DEVITRIFICATION
UEMITRIFICATIUN
DfNITRIFICATION
OENITR1FICAT10N
DENITRIFICATION
OENITRIFICATION
DENITRIFICATICN
DENITRIFICATION
UENITRIFICATION
DENITRIFICATION
UENITRIFICATION
UENITKIFICATION
DENITRIFICATION
DENITRIFICATION
OENITRIF1CATION-CO
DENITRIFICATION
DENITRIFICATION
DENITRIFICATION
DENSITY
DENSITY
DENTRIFICATION
DENTRIFICATION
DENTKIFICATIUN
DENVER
DEODORANTS
DEOXYGENAT10N
OEPARTMENT-OF-ENVI
DEPARTMENT-OF-ENVi
DEPRECIATION
OEPT
DEPTH
DEPTH
DESALINATION
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-CRITERIA
DESIGN-DATA
DESIGN-DATA
DESIGN-EQUATIONS
DESIGN-STANDARDS
DESOftPUON
DETECTION
KEYWORD INDEX
THE METABOLIZEABLE ENERGY VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION
A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY OR E J BENNE KEYWO
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGSICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN H
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING WET AND DRIED PCULTRY FECES KEYWORDS
TYPES OF MANURE DRYERS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION EOUIPMENT
DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING KASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC
REKOVAL OF PLANt NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS HASTE
PROPERTIES Of FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES BIQOEGRAOATION BIOCHEMICAL
STATE OF THE ART REVIEW TREATMENT ANU DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL OXV
IMPACT UF FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTIOM AND PROCESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS SOI
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS
DISTILLATION OF WASTEWATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOR ARID-REGIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT-REUS
REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE
NITRATES IN THE EmVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AERATION, AND SOIL PH ON SCIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AN
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLDI
CHANGES IN COMPOSITION UF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES WIIH IN-THE-bUILOING OXIDATION DIT
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE
REDUCTION OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY BIOLOGICAL OENITRIFICA
THE ECONOMICS OF SWINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBIllTY AERUBIC-TRE
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIQUID ANO SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS BIODEGRADATION NITRIFIC
A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE WATER RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM
FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N ANU SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSEO MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFICATI ON OF DAIRY CATTLE MA
AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN OF FARM WASTE KEYWORD DENITRIF[CATION ACTIVATEO-SLUOGE C
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR
NITRATE-REMOVAL FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATER KEYWORDS ALGAE CALIFORNIA OENITRIFICATION
USING SOIL FILTRATION TU REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAOOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOM
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MOOEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND SROUNBWA
FERTILIZERS AND FEEDLOTS - WHAT RCLE IN GROUNOWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO
NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES L.YS
SALMON THAT NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER SALMON RHODE-ISLAND
DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
SPKINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROB1CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
DRYING ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP
CONTROL OF NITROGEN FRUN ANIMAL MASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS H»
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE ANO SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACU
CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST DOOR-PANEL MASKING-AGENTS D
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD SROUNOwATER NUT
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FKOM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
MEASURE ANO ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
THE INFLUENCE Of AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT
THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRRIGATED-AGRICULTURE IN THE COLORADO-RIVER-BASIN
ANAEROBIC LAGOONS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAEH
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN ANO OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA
CRITERIA NEEDED TO DESIGN ANIMAL O.UARTERS FOR COMFORT AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWOROS AIR-C
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER ODOR RUNOF
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR MAST
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGCONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWOROS COD BOD TEMP
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION
THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, ANO MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
DESIGN FOR FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY ANO CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-P.
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD
MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SWINE ODOR CONF1NEMENT-CENS
BUILDING DESIGN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN OASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILOlNGS STO.
BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITlRI
PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWOROS DISPOSAL ECUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANOMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWOROS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OES1
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PASVE6R OXIDATION DITCH ON A LARGE
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DE
THE MISSOURI APPROACH TO ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LAGOONS DESIGN IRRIGATION M
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN N
FACILITY DESIGN KEYWOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-MASTES
A DOSING-SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN
MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS DESIGN-CRITERIA SI
LIOU1D HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE ODOR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT CF SWINt WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOD COD ODORS EQUIPMENT L
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS V.ITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWOKUS LABORATORY-ANIMALS HASTE-WATER-TREA
SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC
SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP
BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL OESIGN-CRITERI
ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTF MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT UESIGN-CRITER
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-MAS
ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEBLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE
FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWQRDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITEKIA DISEASES OXIDATION-DIT
ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLOT MASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION MA
SEEK DATA IN FEEDLDT RESEARCH KEYMORUS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEDLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOO CATTL
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATION
MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYWORDS DISPOSAL N
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-0
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-CAT* METH
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING F1LTE? FOP SHINE MASTE KtYHOROS WASTt-TRtATMtNT AEROBIC-TREATM
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION—NOW AND IN THE YEARS AHEAD KEYWOROS LEGAL-ASPECTS UESIGN-STA
OESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
A RAPID A'ID SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT
102
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
2uo 71 0836
100 72 119?
200 66 0144
200 69 0191
100 67 0079
500 70 0390
300 69 0632
300 69 0633
2(/0 66 QUO
200 66 0141
200 66 0142
200 71 0859
200 71 0860
100 64 0474
100 64 0345
IbO 70 0570
500 70 0395
300 70 1101
100 70 0367
300 70 0204
300 71 0621
3UO 71 0622
300 71 0628
100 71 0273
100 71 0513
100 60 1078
100 66 0422
100 66 0479
100 69 0066
100 69 0361
100 70 0020
100 70 0413
100 73 1086
100 73 1068
200 66 0129
300 70 0209
3OO 70 0210
300 71 0511
300 71 0512
400 71 0327
700 69 1067
500 71 1072
100 65 1079
1OO 71 0462
200 73 1062
200 73 1093
300 70 0213
300 72 1146
100 69 0045
100 65 0263
100 66 0422
100 68 0044
100 68 0306
100 66 0306
100 70 0342
100 70 0413
100 71 0261
100 71 0304
100 72 1215
100 72 1222
200 64 1241
200 69 0074
200 69 0184
200 70 0252
200 71 0838
30O 70 0206
300 71 0466
600 73 1075
200 66 0146
200 66 0147
200 69 0170
200 73 1062
100 65 0066
100 6$ 0378
200 66 0148
200 71 0603
200 70 0727
400 73 USB
100 73 1034
300 69 0633
300 70 0492
400 68 0032
300 71 1238
300 69 0004
300 69 0635
200 64 1241
100 71 1213
200 64 1241
100 63 1064
100 67 0104
200 69 0696
200 70 0216
100 72 1224
400 Tl 1196
100 62 0292
100 68 0036
100 69 0265
10O 69 0265
200 70 0234
200 70 0238
DETECTION
DETECTION-LIMITS
DETENTION-PO.NDS
DETENTION-TIME
DETERGENTS
DETERGENTS
DETERMINATION
DETERMINATION
UEWATERING
OEWATEKING
OEWATERING
DEHATERING
DENATURING
DIAPHRAGM-PUMP
DIARRHEA
DIELOR1N
DIEOFF-RATES
DIET
DIET
DIET
DIET
DIET
DIETARY-ANTIBIOTIC
DIETHYISTILBESTROL
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIFFUSION
UIGESTED-SLUOGE
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
OIGEST1BIL1TY-COEF
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION
DIGESTION-COEFFICI
OIGESTION-COEFFICI
DIGiSTION-COEFFICI
DIGESTION-STALLS
DIGESTION-TANKS
DIGESTION-TANKS
DIGESTION-TANKS
DIGESTION-TANKS
DIKES
DIKES
DILUTION
DILUTION
DILUTION
DILUTION
01MENS10NAL-ANALYS
DIMENSIONS
DIOXIDE
DIPLOCOCCUS
OIPLOCOCCUS-PHEUHO
D1PLODINIUM-ECAUDA
DIPTEREX
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE-HATER
DISCHARGE-WATER
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE
EFFECTS °N "ATER OMLI1Y
n ,nr REMOVAL IN SOME SO"- SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYDROGEN-SULFIDE SOIL-
riiti? re '!*OGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN W4TER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS
WAL TATIVE 06 ERMINA^n^ni'T^'"'5"1""-1" KEV"°RDS NIJTRIE»TS FERTILIZER DETERGE""
THF QUiNT^ATlIc ni?JIi? E OOOR SUALIIY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWOROS GAS-CHROMATO
DEwa?FAmr ?! rEc£ IE£,,ocATi°N OF THE OOOR STRE*GTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE
iliii! CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS OEWATER1NG VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD
? . L S1 ?Lf j§s.:F; -" B '---» EJ j ESSS sssssiS
THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AMD LIOUID PARTS UF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SED1MEN
OEWATEKING POULTRY MANURE BY CENTRIFUGATION KEYWORD CENTR IFOGATION OEWATERING POULTRY
PROPERTIES ANU PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS NDIAPHRACM-PU^
ANO0?^,45^!60 "UH C°NIAH""TEO CREEK-WATER AND Hul^NFEC? ON KE W
»prI£n'Rc °LE IN FLV CONTRUL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY 0V 1
«EIA??LipSM.OF. INSECT'CIUES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELDRIN INSECT-CONTROL
NTROGEN ANU AMIMn 5r?n« ^ T ^ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT
BnnR?uv n*,??.,J?i 'N ™E FECES OF YOUNG PIGS ""SWING * PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND D
pom J«Y PMMM? ™ DPR°!LE"S AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET OOOR CO
«RlJ E«FRl«IJ?i .RESEA"CH RESULTS KEYWORDS OOOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED
THE MFT^nf ?P?T,?,:AL^rHIGAN STA" DIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYW
ISlf nJ !'S™pEAnLr EnERGV VALUE °F DRIED " <""•"» "STE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION
F?fA, »PN TOPLAN OR1ED-POULTRY-MANURE KEYWO
nc mcr ? <" F0« RUMINANTS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT DIG
HENS V4RIOI)S LEVELS OF COW MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION OF E
°F PROTEIN 1NTAKE »ND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0
,rnn MAV ASSIST W1TH "4STE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO
IH! Rfl,,? np°^2n,^UnTRY"1"SIE AS ' F«DStUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATI
I«?MA, yil™ »pMEp'2BTDRIED~POlJLTRY~''*STE TU LAYING HENS DN EGG-PRODUCTION AND FEED-CON
* u^fn,,.? «l NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW
rpn inUE| ™OM FEE° AOOITI«S POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS DIETS ANTIBIOTICS NITR
AN?? PQUiTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DI SPOSAl DRIED-POULTRY
H?mJi i»n Lt2lr h.cJpIE,!TO"AGE ANO LAND DIS(>OSA>- SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES StWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG
N,,T« ,ltlSOf! °f DIFFERENr LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITRCGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
CQNT NUFil iprJn mr HP r!l5° F"AL COLLECTIC"« APPARATUS AND INDICATOR METHOD FOR STEERS
MuJi^«n £ ° UE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL
DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS
" *,??. ?JpnSnB'UITr °F POUl-TRY AI"D DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL-
nIrcJfED,E^rIC1ENTLY 6Y ANIM»LS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PROT
DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRA
p*,«r " IENTS BV MEANS °F AEROBIC STADILUATION OF SLUDGE KEYWOROS WASTE
n2 InM*^ OF,PEANUT H
-------
20. i
luo
Jo.l
J656
0666
1051
1234
M 0<>J')
70 O2os
M 05 11
JuO 71 0514
ji/o 70 040,?
100 69 0416
LUO /U 004?
11)0 7J 1164
?00 66 0X13
2uO 6r 1243
300 10 1104
JuO 71 0496
40J 67 Oi36
100 t>H 0036
LOO 71
2vO 71
<:00 71
luO 70
200 71
UO 60 0059
100 65 0067
100 65 0331
100 6!) 0366
100 65 0470
100 66 0063
10!) 66 0478
100 68 0106
100 66 0306
100 68 0431
luO 69 0416
100 TO 0049
100 70 0051
100 70 0065
100 70 0089
100 70 0112
1UO 70 0368
100 70 OSLO
100 70 0578
100 71 0507
100 71 0680
100 71 0683
100 71 1229 '
100 71 1228
200 66 011S
200 66 0122
200 66 0124
200 66 012S
200 66 0126
200 66 0127
200 66 0126
200 66 0129
200 66 0130
200 66 0131
200 66 0138
200 66 0139
2CO 66 0149
200 66 0151
200 66 0152
200 66 0154
200 66 0155
200 68 0724
200 69 0055
200 69 0172
200 69 0174
200 69 0176
200 69 0165
200 69 0423
200 69 0425
200 69 0427
200 69 0706
200 70 0219
200 70 0221
200 70 0234
200 70 0235
200 70 0236
200 70 0237
200 70 0237
200 70 0240
200 70 0242
200 70 024J
200 70 0245
200 70 0246
200 70 0247
200 70 0248
200 70 0249
200 70 0250
70 0253
70 0321
70 0324
200 70 0670
200 70 0715
200 71 0612
200 71 0614
200 71 06*0
200 71 0649
200 71 0666
200 71 0733
2UO 71 0769
200 71 0778
200 71 0784
200
200
200
UlSCASF.
DISEASE
UlSfASE
DISEASE
DISEASES
DISEASES
DISEASES
DISEASES
DISEASES
DISEASES
DISEASES
DISEASE-HAZARD
DISINFECTION
DISINFECTION
DISINFECTION
DISINFECTION
DISOLVEU-OXYGEN
DISPERSION
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
KEYWORD INDEX
FARM HASTES PUOLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS DOOR LEC1SLAT1
INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUT ION AIR-POLLUTION, SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS 01
INMAI wASTt RFUSE NUTR I Tl VE-VALUI AND POTENTIAL PR06LEMS FROM FE60 ADDITIVES A REVIEW
FEU? miOttS F»UM HORMONE AND ANT.fll OTICS~«EF CAfTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION OISE
DISEASE TRANSMISSION OF WATER-HORN ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY NATE
« triinv Of V1MF 0 SEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
R U fill iSSSSieilch wSStF e»TTLI FKDlOli KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR
SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN
HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT
?" HP"? SANDAL WASTES ON SATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
FI™wti KKKSS is KJSKIKS sit \
E ST N I , S S* E ENTS ,H e-J-NpTOcFARM-WASTEyO,SPOSALoDKEYWOROSE^
u IM 2 7 Nr PALTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOO UK FERTILIZERS StU
y!u y > «r rSp IIsTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT
2,'n'K Jr SflVrN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO
AND MNSRE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERI
USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F
1 PLANNING AND CHOKE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EF
n l«n AD STORAGE CF FARM
T E s P
° b
i I S L N VMJBSIiL^iKkL-lSKi .RMS'
?SkHNIci? AND FINANCIAL ASS STANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE
USs Ao£U?STRATION PROGRAMS 0 PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANC TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO
L?veST5cK 21!" KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING SEPARAT
L OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER UUALITY KEYWORDS FtRTIL IZATION SURFACE-R
OF DUCK MSTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS DUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS S
W«?E""IGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLIU-WASTES
"STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL 0^ ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-N.OD
DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOfF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO
A F«S "S" oSlKY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE 'PR INKLER-IRftlGATION CONFINE
1Q4
-------
200 71 0826
iji/ n o32ii
200 71 0829
20U 71 0830
'200 71 0834
2vO 71 0842
200 71 0851
300 46 120ft
3UU 65 0053
JUv> 6> 0710
JJU 67 1253
JuU 68 0352
300 69 0062
300 70 0*55
3u3 70 0592
iUO 71 0*57
JOO 71 0486
30CJ 71 0697
JOO 71 0700
400 64 0335
400 65 0356
400 66 0088
400 67 0336
400 69 0039
400 69 0*19
<<00 70 00*6
400 70 0069
400 70 0070
400 70 0111
400 71 0267
400 71 0329
400 71 0339
400 71 0349
400 71 0446
400 71 0568
500 6B 1259
500 70 0400
SCO 70 0*01
500 70 0403
600 71 0271
600 71 0493
600 71 0*95
700 68 0330
200 72 1015
2uO 71 0663
ZOO 69 0160
300 71 0319
400 71 0731
200 66 013*
100 69 L231
100 70 0051
100 70 1237
200 70 1113
200 71 0653
200 71 0654
200 71 1099
200 72 uoa
300 71 1055
300 71 1245
IOO 70 1237
200 69 0193
300 70 1192
600 69 1160
100 73 1087
300 70 0*92
100 62 0382
100 67 0079
100 69 0081
200 66 0124
200 TO 0250
300 JO 038*
300 46 12O8
100 68 0106
200 71 0615
400 7Z 1179
100 TO OOS1
100 71 O31B
200 69 OOT*
ZOO 69 OOT8
200 69 0157
200 69 0143
200 69 0166
200 69 0180
200 70 0234
300 69 0093
600 70 0098
100 66 0296
400 69 0419
100 70 1233
300 1105
300 67 1249
300 63 1122
300 68 1123
300 70 0389
300 TO 1201
100 67 0079
lao 70 1217
100 71 048*
200 71 1252
300 46 1208
KEYWORD INDEX
DISPOSAL CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED bY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLt HEEDLOT HASTE
DISPOSAL • DISPOSAL DF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS OEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P
DISPOSAL WATER UUALITY OF RUNOFF FRCM GRASSLAND APPLIED HlTH LIQUID. SEMI-LIQUID. AND DRY DAIRY
DISPOSAL FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS
DISPOSAL SUBSUKFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA
THE: USE OF OXIDATION PONDS FOR PCULTRY PROCESSING WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-W
RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES ANO EVIDENCE 0
GREEN V MCCLOUO ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES HATER-PO
FAHMYAKD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
FURK ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOO COO RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO
WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM
DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SwlNE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYHOROS SE
MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF
ANIMAL WAilE DISPOSAL BECCME5 A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS ODOR GASES LAGOONS RE
PLANT NUTRIENTS ANO ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBL1C-HEALT
DISPOSAL OF LIUU10 HASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI
FAR1 ANIMAL-HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIOATION-DIT
HOLE Of ANIMAL HASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON
LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL ANO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
EQUIPMENT FOR. DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPR1
fUHRUW MANURE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY APPLICATION-RATES PLOH-FURROW-COVER DISPOSAL
POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERt A PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER
DISPOSAL Of FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND
LABOR, FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS FLOATING-AERATOR OOOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI
DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM W
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND 100U NSIGHBDURLINESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION bU
CONNECTICUT REQUIREMENTS FOR LICUID MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS REGULATIONS POLLUTANTS C
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE 01SPOSAL-ME05UK KEYWORDS H f K SO IL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F
UNDER-CAGE MJNUKE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS
WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F
DISPOSAL OF HATCHERY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA
FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REC1RCULATEO WAUR HOGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSH!
MAXI-MIXING FOR MANUKE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL
BASIC, POINTS TO CONSIDER IN MANUKE DISPOSAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS DISPOSAL
DEAD BIRO DISPOSAL BY RENDERING KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ART IF 1CAL-US.E WASTE-DI5
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILUkT 10
MANUKE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOILS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERTIL
MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS ANO FATE OF OECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN MATE* KEYWORDS DISPOSAL M
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT
GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL C«
NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COLIFORMS RUN
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATERS FROM PLOWEO-IN FEEDLOT MANUftE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES 01
CONFINED SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ROTOR-DESIGN OXYGEN-TRANSFER
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYHOROS HAT6R-OUALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS 01SPOS
OISPOSAL-REQUIREME EFFECTS DF HATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES
DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS FARM WASTE DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LAND-DISP
DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHOROS FARM-HASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER D1SPO
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC OAIR.Y MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYH
POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATICN PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND. NEW YORK KEYWORDS
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS HOD COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYHOROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-HAS
LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT II CXIDATION PONDS AND AERATED LAGCQNS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATM
LIQUID HASTE TREATMENT IU THE OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT DISSOLVED-OX
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS HATER-POL
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CN THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYHOROS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USEH
EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF ON WATER CUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYHOROS RESERVOIR FISHFILL
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIB FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD* BOD PH REOOX-POTENTIAL
IMPLICATIONS OF HATER OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYHORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNDFF KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS
OIST1LLABLE-NITROG ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERt WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
DISTILLATION DISTILLATION OF HASTEKATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOH ARID-REGIONS KEYHORDS EFFLUENT-REUS
DISTRIBUTION TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFCRM BACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS KEYWORDS
DISTRIBUTION SOURCES DF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYHORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS
DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FRCM POULTRY-LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS. SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO
DISTRIBUTION ENGINEERING PBUBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING DI
DISTRIBUTION LAND DISPOSAL MO STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING ANO DISTRIBUTION KEYHORUS EQUI.PM
DISTRIBUTION THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYHORDS COSTS WATER-PO
DISTRIBUTION-SYSTE GREEN V MCCLOUO ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES HATER-PO
DITCHES OXIDATION DITCHES FOR HASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS HCGS bOD ROTORS FUAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY
DITCHES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION ANO IMPROVEMENT OFIHRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD
DIVERSICN-STKUCTUH THE PRICE TAO TO STOP FEEOLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL-AREA
DISPOSAL-METHODS
DISPOSING
DISSOLVED
DISSDLVEU-OXYGEN
OISSOIVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLYED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-CXTGEN
01SSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-SOLIDS
DISSDLVED-SOLIDS
OISSOLVEO-SOLIDS
OISSOLVEO-SOLIDS
00
00
DO
00
00
00
DO
DO
DO
00
DO
DOG
OOMESTICA
DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
DOMESTIC-WASTES
DOMESTIC-HASTES
DOMESTIC-HASTES
DOMESTIC-WASTES
DOMESTIC-WASTES
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS BOO COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
RUNOFF. SOLID WASTES. AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS COO BOD 00 SOIL-C
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEMATION AERATION LASOC1N OXIDATION-DITCH
OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF CXIDATIUN DITCH RDTCRS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD 00 PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION
ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AEKATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS EQUATION
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEE* OXIDATION DITCH, SE7TLIN
FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURKIES 800 COD 00 ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT
HVBRQLOG1C ASPECTS OF FEEOLCT WASTE CONTROL KEYHORDS BCD CO RIVERS WATER-QUALITY STREAM
BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COC BOD TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE
A NEW APPROACH TO CAGE WASTE DISPOSAL IN A CANINE LABORATORY KEYWORDS DOG FLUSHING
DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT HASTE DISPOSAL FARM W
LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS. FROM AGRICULTURAL LANO KEYWORDS WATtR-POLLUTlDN-SDUftC
RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEbLUTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA H&TER-POLLUUON-
AGRICULTURAL, AMD RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYKURCS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DUMESTIC-ANIM1LS HASTES FERTIL
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE OISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC AMMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKIAHUMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
SOURCES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS IN HATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER tUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTl/M SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS
NITRATE POLLUTION, OF WATER KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GRDUNtWATER SURFACE-WATERS
GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE Flow KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-HASTES UATER-PO
105
-------
KEYWORD INUFX
it,u 70 1036
7 71 1120
3UU 3D 1205
300 70 0209
1UO 62 0212
100 70 1194
100 70 1233
100 73 1069
200 71 02S4
i'OO 72 1015
700 70 1066
200 70 0727
300 71 0466
luO 71 1I9T
100 72 122*
200 70 0727
60J 69 1239
400 71 032T
100 69 0086
100 70 1051
300 70 0206
100 6* 0371
1UO 68 0237
100 68 0337
100 70 0017
100 70 0050
103 70 0107
100 70 0348
100 73 1184
200 68 0724
200 70 0670
200 TO 0716
200 71 0606
200 71 0640
200 71 0658
200 71 0661
200 71 0762
200 71 0768
200 71 0783
200 71 0813
200 71 0815
iOO 71 0851)
200 71 0851
200 71 0852
200 73 1083
300 71 0623
300 71 062*
300 71 0673
300 71 067*
400 70 0029
400 70 OU1
400 70 0415
*00 70 OS 77
400 72 U30
600 43 0*71
600 72 1031
600 73 1075
300 71 0625
100 68 0502
100 69 0364
300 70 0213
100 73 1263
300 70 1192
100 63 0289
200 66 0144
200 71 0666
200 71 0781
200 66 0117
300 64 1110
100 73 112a
200 70 1113
400 70 0268
400 71 0435
300 49 0004
100 71 1223
100 73 1165
200 49 0192
200 71 0583
ZOO 71 0777
200 71 0793
200 71 0802
300 70 0414
400 71 0309
100 A3 0436
3UO 53 1206
100 69 1231
100 71 0454
300 71 1126
200 69 0201
30O 71 0677
500 70 0409
100 69 1231
100 70 1194
100 Tl 121*
200 66 0115
200 66 0148
200 66 0153
200 68 0434
20O 68 0726
200 69 0157
DOMESTIC-WASTES
DOMESTIC-WASTES
OOHESTIC-WATER
UPW
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE-EFFECTS
URA1NAGE-SYSTEM
DRAINAGE-HATER
URAINAGE-WATER
DRAINAGE-HATER
DRAINS
DRIED-POULTRY
AGRICUtTLWt THt UNSEEN FOE IN THE kAK ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POUUMO
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND MTKATE COM AMINAT ION IN SOME CENTRAL NEU JERSEY SIR
SUMNER V OUELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION Of SPUING WATER BY CATTLE KEYwOKOS
THE UTILIZATION Of POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS llEWYDRUI
AGRICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF 000 DISEASE LAND DRAIN
KEVICW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT1ON
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AMD PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS uATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSIOIM CONS
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT UF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE «
WATER POLLUTION; BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE
INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNOwATEH QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEULOTS IEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUfXOPHICATION At'* I CULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
FACTOMS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE HATER
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATtK LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE
DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR MTKATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT
RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL OK ISO-POULTRY
URieD-POULTSY-MANU THt APPARET4T-DIGEST1BILITY OF ENERGY AND PKOTEIN IN TOPL«N ORIED-POULTRY-MANURE KEYwO
DRUGS POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALHOMOS SOUR
DRYER-OPERATION ORYING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO
CRYING THIN-SPKEADING OF SLURHIED-MANURES KEYWORDS ORYING LAYERS MOISTURE-CONTENT SOL1DS-PER
DRYln/C METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWOKOS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE
ORYING A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-OISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOD N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT
ORYING AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FDR BOMB CALORIMETRY KEYWORDS LYOPHILI2.E
DRYING TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD!
DRYING DRYING POULTRY MANURE 1NSI05 THE POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MANURE
ORYING AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEAHCH-NEEOS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EOUIPNEN
ORYING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
ORYING GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONF1N
DRYING ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL Of ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
DRYING BIODEGRAOATION OF POULTRY MANURE FR.OM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA
DRYING POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION DOORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY
DRYING HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL ORYING SEPARAT
DRYING MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION RE
DRYING ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO
DRYING LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
DRYING SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY
DRYING SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY
DRYING THKOUGH-CIRCUtATION DHYING OF MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MO ISTURE-CUNTENT OD
DRYING OKVING POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY
DRYING THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING DRIED POULTRY WASTE I* THE FEED OF LAYING HENS KEYWORD RECYC
DRYING NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED ANO CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS
DRYING BIOQEGRAOEO HE.'I MANURE ANO ADULT HOUSE FLIES THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO THE GROWING CH
DRYING CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO
DRYING ECONOMICS OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE OPW tS A FEED INSREOIEMT OH A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS
DRYING FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIDS MTR
DRYING OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS ORYING POULTRY AIR-ORYING-NANUKE
DRYING CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-ORVING-MANURE
DRYING DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE
DRYING UNDER-CAGE MANUK.E ORYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSIS ECONOMICS
DRYING TURNING WASTES INTO PROFITS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT POULTRY DRYING ODOR-CONTROL WAST
DRYING BLOCK BUYING OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN
ORYING THE OPCCO DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING CRYING. FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
DRYING ACCELERATION OF NATURAL CRYING OF POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS
ORYING-COSTS ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
DRYING-RATES THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
DRYING-TEMPERATURE THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CKUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K
DRY-MATTER MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POL/LTRY-l[TTEK MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN
DRY-MATTER LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-DRYING TEMPER
DRY-MATTER ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY Of POULTRY ANO DAIRY-HASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANINAL-
DRY-MATTER-DISPEST CHRONIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTR1C
DRY-SEASONS IMPLICATIONS OF WATER CUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
DUCK TREATMENT OF LONG-ISLAND DUCK FARM WASTES KEYWORDS CHLORINATION COLIFORMS TREATMENT DU
DUCK TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES ANO THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER DUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU
DUCK PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS DUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS S
DUCK ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOD DUCK AERA
OUCKS DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS PCULTRY OUCKS SOU COLIFORMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PLA
DUCKS LAKE TERMINOLOGY MATER BLCOM KEYWCROS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE OUCKS COLOR FISHKHL LAKES
DUCKWEED USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT ANO ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-WATER-TR
DUCK-WASTES AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
DUMPS MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UlTIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F
DUMPS THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO
DURABILITY CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS HEINFORCEO-C
DURSBAN EFFECT OF UURSdAN IN THE DRINKING WATER OF CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOO OURSBAN CHOLIN
DURSBAN FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING UUKSBAN 0-0 DIETHYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLGRO-2-P
DUST POULTRY HOUSE OUST, ODOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAO-FILTE
DUST AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS DUST ALLERGENS ODORS PESTICIDES SMOKE
OUST FEEDLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR DUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP
DUST CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS OOCRS UUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM
OUST AUTOMATED HANDLING, TREATMENT ANO RECYCLING OF WASTE WATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT
OUST THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS 6ROUNOW
DUST CONTROL ^ POULTRY HOUSE EXHAUST OOCRS KEYWORDS FILTERS DUST HATER-SPRAY CONTROL POUL
OUSTS POULTRY UUST ORIGIN AW COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
DYE-STUFFS POLLUTION OF STREAMS K6YK08DS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
ECOLOGY POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS
ECOLOGY SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISIATION
ECOLOGY SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1471 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REGUIREMEN
ECONOMIC ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR UAIMY CATTLE (UNLIKE KEYWORDS F
ECONOMIC THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
ECONOMIC ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES K
ECONOMICS POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH SAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS
ECONOMICS REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
ECONOMICS THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT OF FAP.M ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR $T
ECONOMICS "OLE OF THE RENDERED IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC
ECONOMICS POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER bAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL
ECONOMICS ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINEME
ECONOMICS ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLQT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
ECONOMICS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COO 00 PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLIUTION SOIL-CON
105
-------
200 69 05*3
200 69 1185
200 70 Oil*
100 70 0220
2(JO 70 0235
200 70 0498
ZOO 7O 0715
ZOO 71 OT42
200 71 0763
2M 71 076*
2UO 71 109*
200 72 1018
2io 73 10B3
300 67 0710
300 70 0384
300 70 0743
300 71 0623
300 71 070*
300 71 1261
400 69 1225
*00 70 0111
*00 73 100T
*00 73 1068
7UO 70 10*6
700 72 10*9
200 69 0198
300 71 105&
200 70 07*7
JuO 71 0612
200 71 0*19
200 71 0816
JOO 71 0818
100 TO 119*
}00 *9 1210
200 69 05*0
2OO 71 0643
200 71 06*5
300 71 1124
200 69 0535
200 69 0536
200 69 0537
200 71 0416
300 Tl 1055
100 68 0307
100 TO 0020
100 70 0027
100 70 0691
100 71 0*60
100 71 046B
100 71 0571
100 71 0681
200 69 0183
200 69 0*33
200 71 0831
200 71 0833
300 70 0010
300 70 0207
300 70 0211
300 71 Ot«
*00 71 0305
100 55 O328
100 63 0436
100 65 0066
100 65 03TT
LOO 67 0041
100 69 OOS7
100 69 0108
100 69 0316
100 70 0420
100 70 0421
ZOO 66 0760
200 69 0482
200 69 1117
200 70 02*9
200 70 0727
300 48 1202
300 68 1209
100 70 0*8B
300 70 1036
300 71 0671
300 71 0629
300 71 1245
400 71 019)
400 71 1139
500 70 040S
500 70 0406
500 70 040T
600 70 025$
600 71 0*9*
100 65 0331
100 68 1229
200 66 0123
200 69 0160
200 69 1102
400 65 0*65
100 70 1230
100 65 0067
100 67 0230
100 68 0381
100 69 0445
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMIC-EFFICtENC
ECONOMIC-EFFICIENC
ECONOMK-FEASIBILT
ECONOHIC-FEAS161L1
ECONOMIC-FEAS1BHI
ECUNOMIC-FEASIBILI
ECONOMIC-FEASIblLl
ECONQMIC-JUSTIFIU
ECONOMIC-RENT
ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMS
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EfFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECT
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
EFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCY
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
KEYWORD INDEX
INDUSTRY S HOLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONONI
ECONOMICS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI
SWINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO
THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LI8UID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE
ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORO RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPRCACH IP DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODOHS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT
FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-HASTES NUTRIEN
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOC10-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS 5U
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF AN!M»L HASTE; MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARH-WASfES WASTE-OISPO
FAKM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS CONFINEMENT-PENS »Ct COO RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO
THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL FEEQLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS la*
ECONOHICS OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE OPW AS A FEED INGREDIENT OR A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS
PLANNING ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVERNMENT-AGENC
INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOM
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESQURCE-OEV
UNOER-CAGE M4rtURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES DOOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS
FEEDERS SCOLOEO FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM
NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC
ECONOMICS OF WATER OUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VS ENVIRONMENTAL OU*LHY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFflClEN
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO
ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT OESIGN-CRITER
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL W4STE DISPOSAL SYSTE
REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERN
ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS
THE ECONOMICS OF SWINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBK-TRE
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EOT SOPH I CAT I ON PROftLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPH1CATION
MEASURE ANO ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
INDUSTRY AND THE ENVlRONMENT-FEEDLCT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOS
AGRICULTURE S RESPONSIBILITIES IN A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ECO
PESTICIDES ANU PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEVMOROS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL
SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABCRATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH-COUNTY. KEYHOROS ZONING LANU-USE REGULATION WATER-POL
ROLE OF UNIVERSITY-EXTENSION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES H4TER-POLLUT
WHERE 00 WE GO FROM HERE KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL ACTION KEYWORDS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY POL IT
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DuSlNG FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
EFFECT SOIL TEMPERATURE PHCSPHORUS MANURES
EFFECT Of DIETS CONTAINING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON OUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS DU
EFFECT OF STRESS ON SWINE HEAT AND COLD EKPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANILMANDELIC ACID
THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS
EFFECT OF TYPE OF HOUSING AND LITTER ON PRODUCTION OF BROILERS KEYWORDS EFFECT LITTER
EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON THE GAS CONCENTRATION IN A PART- SLATTED PIGGERY KEYWORDS EFF
EFFECT OF METHOD OF MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELDS, NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES
EFFECT OF FEEOLOT LAGODN WATER ON SOME PHYSICAL ANO CHEMICAL CROPERTIES OF SOILS KEYWO
THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER OUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF
EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW
EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO
THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF, SOLID-WAST
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD CF CORN KEYWORDS CHEM1C
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYDRATEO-POULTRY-WASTE ON PRODUCTION, FEED-EFFICIENCY, BOOY-WEt
EFFECT OF FEED PROCESSING ON DIGESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEDLOTS M
RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSKATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF CHLQRTETRACYCLINE FEEDING ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FERMENTA
POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FAKM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME ANO SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI
THE EFFECTS OF FARMYARU MANURE ON MATRIC SUCTIUNS PREVAILING IN A SANOY LOAM SOIL KEYW
THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM
EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OKYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI
EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON THE PIG KEYWORDS EFFECTS ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONIA PIG •
SOME EFFECTS OF ORGANIC WASTES ON A8UAT1C INSECTS IN IMPCUNOEO HABITATS KEYWORDS LAGO
EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS ANU MITE PREOATION ON CORN ROOTWORM POPULATIONS IN MINNE
HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GE5TAT1NG SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT
WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS ANO CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU
LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 1 PLANNING ANO CHOICE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EF
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE
OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECT1C1
ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS ANO CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI
THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON 1RR1GATED-AGRKULTURE IN THE COLORAOO-RIVER-BASIN
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN. THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WHT6R-POLLUT10
REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR DRYING KEYWO
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTES DPW ON THE PERFORMANCE
EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF ON HATER OUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
HOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WINO FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WAIERS KEYWORDS R
EFFECTS OF SURFACE-RUNOFF ON THE FEASIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED WASTE-TREATMENT KEY
EFFECTS OF MANURE-DEPTHS ON RUNOFF FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE-FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS RAINFAL
A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS UF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-IANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATEB-Vi
ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH, SETTLIN
MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0
POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-
LAGOONS ANO OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATHENT LAGOONS PO
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMP)
CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION AND POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROB
WASTES FROM PIG-PRODUCTION UNITS KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUENT BOO LININGS SECOND
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALAND EFFLUENT
107
-------
200 69 0199
200 70 0214
2OU 70 0221
3OO 69 0006
400 68 0033
400 71 1172
400 73 1168
400 73 1183
600 72 1071
TOO 69 1067
TOO TO 1066
100 66 0341
100 69 0077
100 69 0030
100 69 0035
100 69 0037
luO 71 1228
100 T2 1193
1OO 70 1237
200 66 0135
200 66 0149
200 69 0168
200 TO 0687
200 72 1021
200 72 1022
300 71 04*7
300 71 0732
300 Tl 1063
400 6B 0032
600 73 1065
7uO TO 1256
100 67 0233
300 TO 04S2
200 71 0598
100 TO 0021
100 66 0479
100 Tl 1221
100 72 1199
100 T3 116*
200 66 0129
300 TO 0204
400 TO 0111
400 Tl 0293
100 TO 0025
100 Tl 0266
500 TO 0210
400 Tl 029)
100 Tl 0266
400 Tl 0293
400 Tl 0293
300 TO 0211
600 69 1239
600 73 1065
100 70 1211
100 TO 1211
100 TO 1211
200 T3 1082
100 TO 1211
100 68 0106
TOO TO 1256
200 66 0141
200 66 0142
200 66 0587
100 68 1121
100 66 0422
100 69 0364
100 T3 1088
200 73 1083
600 T2 1153
200 Tl OT05
'100 58 0580
200 Tl OT66
200 Tl OT6T
600 73 1075
100 73 1069
400 64 0358
400 66 0354
400 67 0336
400 68 0449
500 71 1254
100 65 0699
100 Tl 1212
100 Tl 1213
100 T2 1224
200 TO 1053
300 TO 1101
300 Tl OT32
500 Tl 1254
100 71 1212
100 72 1224
200 69 0518
200 71 0812
200 64 1241
500 71 1254
200 68 1244
300 71 1053
200 66 0115
200 69 0158
200 69 0516
200 69 0536
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENT-QUALITY
EFFLUENT-REUSE
EFFLUENT-STANDARDS
EGG
EGGS
EGGS
EGGS
EGGS
EGGS
EGGS
EGGS
EGGS
EGG-HATCHABILITY
EGG-PROOUCTION
EGG-PRODUCTION
EGG-PRODUCTION
EGG-QUALITY
EGG-QUALITY
EGG-SHELLS
EGG-WEIGHT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-GROUNDI
ELECTRICAL-NETWORK
ELECTRICAL-POTENTI
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRIC-CURRENTS
ELECTRIC-POWER-COS
ELECTROMAGNETIC
ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
ELUTION-WATER
ENDRIN
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY-TRANSFER
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
ENGLAND
ENGLAND
ENGLAND
ENGLAND
ENGLAND
ENRICHMENT
ENTERIC-BACTERIS
ENTERIC-BACTERIA
ENTERIC-BACTERIA
ENTERIC-BACTERIA
ENTERIC-BACTERIA
ENTERIC-BACTERIA
ENTERIC-BACTERIA
ENTERIC-BACTERIA
ENTEROBACTER
ENTEROCOCCI
ENTEROCOCCI
ENTERVIRUS
ENT001NIUM-SIMPLEX
ENUMRATION
ENVIROMENTAL-5ANIT
ENVIRONM
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
KEYWORD INDEX
RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD
RELAT UNSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOO COD FERTILIZERS
LAND-DISPOSAL OF DA RY-FARP-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER KATE
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OX I CAT ION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS Of
IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER- 1RR IGATION SEWAGE-DISPOSAL EFFLUENT H
OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
?AUFORNlA WASTE PDNUS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGATICN-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING
CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR
AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN THE WEST-OF-SCOTLA
F«i-wi TE-DISPOSA! IN RELATION TO CATTLE KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATI
TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS blODEGRAOAT ION ALGAE BOD ANAER08IC-DI
IR!AT«NT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD coo PH SEPTIC-TAN
IHErpoVLUTlON CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY-ACT BOD PHOSP
!L{!RNA?IVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP
RAC?ERISnCS OF MILK NG CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR
POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
FUTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE
^MUANG ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A
AEROBIC DIOESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON
DF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG AbATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF
S umiZAl?°N AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
nl«« Of LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI
CLOSED SYMEMSFoS ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRY-INOUST
npStLOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDWA
EATURM FRTERS FuVAGR CULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS SPRINKLER- IRR IGATION EFFLUENTS ORGAN
EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
CUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO
OF WASTEWATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOR ARID-REGIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT-REUS
f S?ATUTE FOR ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI
MANURE APPLICATION? AERATION, AND SOIL'PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AN
NCE Of GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY 01
T?ON OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS
J«ScEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
f,» ?N ?HE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN
u«« MFTA^ISM STUPES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO
PUU m"uLLUTl'UN PROBLEMS AND SCLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO
' '
« tr« r
SHnLEFF-QUAuTY EGGpRuocToNBUMENUH WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
l CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY HOUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY KEVW
n,iYFR PERFORMANCE N PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS.
Sp.m T (IF FFEDING OR ED-POULTRY-WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG-PROOUCTION AND FEED-CON
?HF[L! EFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
PFRFDR^NCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
co1 A s- 5SK SKtlK "= KSESKS SSStSSSiK!
pSJlNT ALS AND OOMEST C WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGI
?I!cE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS
POTENTIALS' !ND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGI
DITCHES FOR WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS bOD ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY
? POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CUNTAMINAT
nnFMmSTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS OEWATERING E
REMOVAL OF MO STURE FROM PtUllKY w j ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS OEWATERINO E
HYDROGEN SUL? DE MD ME?HYL MRC»PT»NS REMOVUS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO
pm ?UT mN FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
AND ENERGY YAtuE OF PEANUT HULL AND WOOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEE
nF ?N!RGY AND NITR06EN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPER
; r T
° t !HS AOFE MRLwHOENEYWORDS MATHEMM,
^ "r IX^^^S^^^X^K^U&
IL[ TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OESI
Of RMION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
POTATOES UN PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS UAIRY HOGS BOO VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER
tS CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS
OF f ARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES tISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND
fOnM THE POULTRY 1NCUSTKY KEYWOKOS ENGLAND POULTRY
ANAEROBES KEYWORDi ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
LQGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTEK KEYWORDS MICRCBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES
SUPPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICRUORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTER]A ENTERIC-
TING THE CONCENTRATIUN OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
lL WATER QUALITY ANALYSES UF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD
EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORliANlSMl KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-B.CT
-------
200 69 0537
iuo 7O 032?
200 TO 0326
200 71 0275
3uO 71 0626
300 71 1035
300 71 1106
500 70 0336
500 70 0411
100 63 0436
100 63 0436
100 71 045*
200 66 0760
100 70 1037
100 72 1224
20!) 71 0740
300 6T 12i3
300 70 0592
300 70 1192
300 71 0732
200 72 1012
200 72 1022
200 72 1029
200 69 0161
200 71 0283
200 71 1095
300 71 1035
200 70 1050
200 71 0604
200 71 OZ74
2UJ 70 1050
100 71 0569
200 71 0809
100 73 1155
200 71 0594
200 71 0595
200 71 0596
200 71 0613
200 71 0619
200 64 1241
100 72 1224
ZOO 69 0146
100 69 0353
100 70 0168
100 71 0266
200 66 011S
iOO 66 0128
200 66 0148
200 66 0154
200 69 0056
200 69 007ft
200 69 0172
200 69 0423
200 69 0430
200 70 0234
200 70 0242
200 70 0248
200 70 0250
200 70 0251
300 65 0053
300 72 11S7
400 64 0335
400 70 0097
400 71 0313
400 71 0504
40O 73 1145
600 71 0272
100 70 1195
100 70 1233
20O 69 0429
200 69 0431
200 69 043)
20O 70 0224
200 71 0282
200 71 1095
200 71 1096
300 11 1260
400 71 1196
300 71 1106
500 70 0389
600 72 1163
•300 68 1122
100 69 0096
100 72 lias
300 70 0385
100 64 1200
100 69 0693
100 69 0693
200 66 0154
100 64 1200
100 68 1121
100 69 0679
100 69 1231
100 70 1194
109 70 1251
100 71 1039
100 71 1197
2UO 69 O424
200 69 0429
200 69 0482
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL-CON!
ENmQNMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
WNVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENV1RONMENTAL-ENGI
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONNENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONNENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-PROT
ENVIRONMENTAL-PHOT
ENVIRONMENTAL-PROT
ENVIRDNMENTAL-QUAL
ENVIROIYMENTAL-QUAL
ENVIRONMENTAL-DUAL
ENVIRONMENT4L-QUJL
ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN!
ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN I
ENVIRONMENT-DUAL IT
ENVIRONHNETAL-EFFE
ENZYHATIC-EVALUATI
ENZYME
ENZYMES
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPIOIN1UM-E.CAUOATU
EQUATIONS
EQUATIONS
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION :
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION-CONTROL'
EROSION-CONTROL
ESCHERICHIA-COLI
ESSENTIAL-NUTRIENT
ESTERS
ESTERS
ESTHETIC-EFFECTS
ESTHWA1TE-WATER-EN
ESTROGEN
ESTRONE
EUROPE
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
KEYWORD INDEX
MHEKE 00 ME GO FROM HERE KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USOA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRQNME
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT ODOR HASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RE
THE CITIZENS-VIE* OF POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT
DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENTILATI
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CO
INTRODUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAK WATER KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEDLOTS
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI
POULTRY OUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
POULTRY OUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISLATION
HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTAT1NG SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE
WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY .LAWS FOR THE FEEOLQT INDUSTRY KtYWOROS CONTROL POLLUTION-
CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD , ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-1NOUST
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-QEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS
THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DOORS WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-MANAGEM
ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OP AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DUALITY KEYWORDS
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN!
STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS OAIRY-INDUSTR
WHAT 00 WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN1
ENZYMATIC EVALUATION OF PROCESSES FOR IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR RUMINANT FEEDS
ENZYME FACILITATED MtCROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEOLOTMANURE KEYWORDS BOD AMINO
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRU INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAWSPERMITS ODOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ANO THE ENVIRONMENT K«VWX»OS ,OOORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E
SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RiGULATION FEEDLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOM1N1ST
REPORTS ANO RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS. KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERN
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTC20A BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCT1
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL 8ACTEHIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
ANALYSIS FQR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS EQUATION
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE HASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES bOD COD ODORS EQUIPMENT L
AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EQUIPMEN
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL OOOR ST
MACERATION FOR DISPOSAL OF DEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EQUIPM
ROLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE ANO DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC
FARM-WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OX IOAT ION-PITCH FAMl
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY HASTES KEYWORDS
QXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K
SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW-FURROW-COVER METHOD
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS. RAINFALL-RUNOFf EQUIPMENT OSSIGN-D
CATTLE FEEOLOT HATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQ
FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOD COO DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT
MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERS
PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH f
LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EQUIPM
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COO OXID
FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
CANADA ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRt
POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EQUIPMENT COSTS FL
TYPES OF MANURE DRYERS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION EQUIPMENT
COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILIZERS EQUIPMENT COST DEH
FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING FEEDS EQUIPMENT
A DOSING-SIPHDN FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL-LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO MATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITRDG
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON MATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF
HYDROLOGIC-STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEOLQTS IN EASTERN NEB
SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
LAND AND WATER-MANAGEMENT FOR MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWORDS SOIL-EROSION SEDIMENT-YIELD
ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AM]NO-ACIDS NITROGEN
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS OOOR ORGA
IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION OOOR CATTLE FEED-LOT
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYH
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN ANO MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHHAITE
IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE EStBOUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K
IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE CURING THE ESTKQUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K
FARM-HASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIDATICN-PlTCH FAMI
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAODCERAN ANO M1066 FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWA11E
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS HUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENT! KEYWORDS EUTROPH1CATION AMMONIA NITR
POLLUTION ANO EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTRQPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER-
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT(UN AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF-A MAJOR WATER QUALITY CHALLENGE KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOD POLLUTANT-IDE
CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO MATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTKCPHICATI ON EROSION NITROG
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT
109
-------
200 69 0527
200 69 111'
ZJO 70 OJ2T
200 71 02J9
2oO 71 0606
200 Tl 06*2
200 Tl 0649
200 Tl 1099
JOO 64 1110
31/0 68 1122
300 69 1125
300 70 0491
300 70 0592
300 70 1036
300 71 0591
30U 7L 1065
300 71 1107
400 67 1226
400 69 1045
400 69 1225
400 73 1063
500 70 0405
TOO 71 1120
200 66 0149
100 69 0040
100 69 0376
100 69 0714
100 72 1199
300 Tl 1056
100 71 1232
200 TO 0224
200 TO 1114
200 70 1119
200 71 0777
300 68 0741
400 70 0351
100 69 0103
100 69 0361
100 69 0364
100 69 0693
100 70 0112
200 66 D129
300 71 0514
600 T2 10"JI
200 66 0141
200 66 0142
200 Tl 0619
500 TO 0409
100 71 O464
600 T2 1163
600 T2 1076
100 62 O3B2
100 65 0075
100 69 O360
100 Tl 1212
100 71 1213
100 72 1224
209 64 1240
200 TO 1053
200 Tl 0795
300 TO 1104
100 Tl 04B4
200 69 0756
400 TO 0268
100 69 03TS
400 Tl 0267
100 73 1155
100 64 0072
100 69 0045
300 69 0004
100 68 0306
200 66 0148
300 71 1106
200 66 0154
1DO 63 1064
100 65 1091
600 72 1154
ICO 63 0436
100 66 0437
100 TO 0413
100 TO OMB
100 T2 1097
100 T2 1186
200 69 0541
200 69 0347
200 Tl 0819
400 69 0419
400 Tl 1135
100 TO 1199
100 Tl 1039
300 26 1204
300 67 1249
300 69 1129
100 66 0479
300 68 10*3
200 Tl 1033
400 T3 1063
200 Tl 0612
400 73 1068
100 Tl 121*
EUTROPHICATIUN
EUTRQPHICATION
EUTKDPHICATIUN
EUTROPHIC&TION
EUTROPHICAT10N
EUTRDPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHIC4TION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICITION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHIC4TION
EUTRQPHICiTION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPHICATION
EVALUATING
t VALUATION
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON
EXCRE7A
EXCRETA
EXCRETA
EXCRETION
MXCREUON
EXCRETION
EXCRETION-DATA
EXHAUST-FANS
EXPELLED-WATER
EXPELLEU-WATER
EXTENSION-SERVICE
EXTERNALITIES
EXTRACTION
EXTRACTION
EXTRUSION
E-COL 1
E-COL 1
E-COLI
E-COL 1
E-COL 1
E-COLI
E-COLI
E-COLI
E-COLI
E-COLI
E-COLL
FACILITIES
FACILITIES
FACTOR
FACTORS
FAECEL-LIQUOR
FAECES
FAECES
FAILURE
FAILURES
FALLEN-STOCK
FALLOUT
FAMILY-FARM
FAMOPHOS
FANNIA-CANICULARIS
FANS
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARM
FARMS
FARMS
FARMS
FARMS
FARMS
FARflWASTES
F»RM-AND-FORESTRY-
F ARM-ANIMALS
FARM-ANIMALS
FARM-CREOIT-SVSTEM
FARM-ECOLOGY-COMPA
FARM-INCOME
KEYWORD INDEX
WATER-RESOURCES-CENTER RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTES AND WATER-OUALI TV KEYWORDS EUTROPHIC
HATE* POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EfFECIS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 14*6 ANNU
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH MATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DC
POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILISE** KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTHOPHICATI
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N OOORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY
AGRICULTURAL NASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTIC»LSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS HATER-
JSSDOISPS»L OF SiNURE IN RELATION TO MATER DUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-R
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS HATER-POL
LAKE TERMINOLOGY HATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EJTRDPHICATION ALGAE OUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS OOHESTIC-ANIMAIS WASTES FERIIL
AN MAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W
WATER-OUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN INLAND-SINKS KEYWORDS SALINITY EUTRQPHICATION PVRAMI
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPHICAT
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES OUR1NO FISCAL YEAR 19T1 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL
PHOSPHORUS t HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATEK-POLLUTION-SOURC« SE
AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS SUTROPHICATION NU
MNSEMIN6 RESOUR«Sy»ND H*THTHNTTO-» flUALIT* ENVI1TONHEKT KEYWORD* wmR-RETUUHCF-OEV
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
FFFECrS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYOROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY
EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY-LITTER ANO ANIMAL-F
EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS
IMPROVED PKOCeDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHK
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOM1C IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYHO
WASTE LATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASU-WATER-TREA
HYDROLOG1C-STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEDLOTS IN EASTERN NEB
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA
£A}« DUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-DUALITY SO
ffJofo? SANURE MANAGEMENT -IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR BUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP
RU!ES INS ADELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
-SET-UP FOR 200 COWS KEYWORDS LAGOON COSTS FREE-STALL-HCUSIN6 EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON
OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCREfA KEYWORDS SI
VALUE OF OXIDATICN-OITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SMINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT
ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEH-DRYING TEMPER
T^N AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K
TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION
MA^LIS* STUDIES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE CISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO
RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND ANTIBIOTICS-BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION DISC
S-HOUSE ORYiNG OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS P»RT I KEYWORDS OEWATERING E
Of *Q STURE FROH POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS OEWATER1NC E
AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERN
ASPECTS KEVWORDS HATER-QUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M
OF B?LE ACIDS FROM RAT FECES CONTAINING CHOLESTYRAMINE KEYWORDS EXTRACTION
T SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROSEN
til EMPERAI£RE HIGH-PRESSURE E.XTRUSION OF CHICKEN EKCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR
E DISTRIBUTION Of COLIFCRM BACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODEO ANIMALS KEYWORDS
wJsTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS ODOR BDD COD E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS, ALGA
SicT6R?AL-PuPULATIDN OF AN INDOOR POULTRY-LAGOON .KEYWORDS E-COLI BOD MICROORGANISM
OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
ER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
RACieRmcL WATER OuiLIIY ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG
MSH AS POTENT AL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-B10LOGY
mPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS
MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT F»C
NG KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL U1TIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F
RURL-U AS A HcTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY SOIL-EROSION COLIF
WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST f
™! FATE OF SOLUBLE MUC1N IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
I ND^E ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SORGUUM NIT
?HE POTENTIAL DIOESTIB LITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION G»A
CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSW - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCtO-C
™«RS!?c JI|ESTION FA LURES KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUOOE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE tun
SuLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
MRS-WAST? MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIOATION-PITCH FAMI
ToSlCITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
TOX CTY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L
POULTRY OUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTHY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
PRATIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES B100EGRAOATION BIOCHEMICAL
VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASIE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT DIG
ENRICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEED 8Y ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES T
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS
IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLIUTION ODOR CATHE FEEO-LOT
FEEOLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARH LAGOONS ODOR C
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING
OIGEST Of* OF POULTRY MANURE BY OIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM W
ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BEOIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHQ
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
OH O STOCK FOOD COMPANY V SINTLIN5 STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W
LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARMWASIES WASTE
WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WA.TER-POILUTION-EFFECTS
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL S»STE
NEW FEEOLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARH-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
110
-------
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100 65 0699
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ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SO
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
IN OXIDATION DITCH FOR THE HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOHATER R
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE ANO SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYHORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEOLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FEO ARSANILIC ACIP KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-HASTES SWINE DIETS
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
TOXICITY TU HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FEO CATTLE KEYWORDS
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-HASTES
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
TOXICITY OF DROPPIN6S FROM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER--A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN HATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES
POLLUTION AND EUTROPH1CAT10N PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLANDi NEW YORK KEYHORDS
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES SY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONOS KEYWORDS
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINUY ANO NITRATE CONTENT ANO TRENDS BENEATH URBAN ANO AG
COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS
AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHICS LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER-
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES ANO LIOUIO MANURE STORAGE TANKS
LIVESTOCK WASTES - ANNUAL LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS LITERATURE LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES
RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT 6EEF BUILDING KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THUS INEIENS1S IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTUKAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF. SOLIOS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYHQRD5
CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FAftHS KEYWOR
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-
TECHNIOUES FOR SAMPLING ANO HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAYING HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION OF E
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FRQM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TR
SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOW IN
FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING OURSSAN 0-0 OlETHYL 0-3 5 4-TR1CHLORO-2-P
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
CHROMIC OXIDE ANO CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTR1C
CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYHORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RONQ
CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION
THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
TECHNICAL ANO LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE
PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM-
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTKDL POLLUTION KEYHORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORSANIC-LOAOI
HATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS t QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FAMM-HASTES OXIDATION-LA
CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE HATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS WA
HATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-OUALITY SO
METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA
ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT
FUTURE PROSPECTS FDR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-WASTES NUTRIEN
TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS
EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TRE
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ANO RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES [N A WASTE LAG
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL
NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMIC&LLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS
NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOU KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FILfE
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION--SOCIQ-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS DEHYURATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON TH£ LIMNOLOGY OF A PUNO RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MINAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-AND-OEVELDPMENT LIVESTOCK
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER ANO SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
111
-------
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200 72 1021
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200 72 1028
200 72 1029
200 72 1030
200 72 1054
200 72 1089
200 72 1108
200 72 1152
200 73 1062
200 73 1082
200 73 1083
200 73 1093
200 73 1189
300 1077
300 1105
300 26 1204
300 46 1207
300 46 1208
300 62 0754
300 67 1249
300 67 1253
300 68 0741
300 6B 1043
300 68 1123
300 68 1209
3UO 69 1044
300 69 1060
300 69 1061
300 69 1103
300 69 1124
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300 69 1203
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300 71 0677
300 71 1008
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300 71 1107
300 71 1119
300 71 1246
300 72 1003
300 72 1052
300 72 1070
300 72 1085
300 72 1146
300 72 1157
300 72 1170
300 72 1182
300 72 1260
300 72 1264
300 73 1009
400 69 1127
400 65 1141
400 69 1045
400 70 0268
400 70 0308
400 70 1132
400 70 1133
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FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM'HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FARM-HASTES
KEYWORD INDEX
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-T
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
EDUCATION ACTION ANO REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RESEARCH
AREA OIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-L
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AER08ICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURINO A FAL
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL
COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPO
DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL HASTES
RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
FAIRES V OUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
NOTES ON WATER POLLUTION WASTE WATERS FROM FARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRRIGATION BOD
AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROML1VESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT L1ABILI
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS Of SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUT10N-SOURC
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GRCUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY KEPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL ANO CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEHAGE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATEK-POLLUTION-CO
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
CATTLE FEEOLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION MA
EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
PERIOCIOITY OF THE SLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS
FEEDLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PROT
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING WET ANO DRIED POULTRY FECES KEYWORDS
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ
PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES
WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES MISS
NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS
AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU
MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UITIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F
DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES SLOTTED-FLOOR VENTILA
THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-WASTES
POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING
HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DUMPS FAR
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITY EGtt-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
BROODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE
MANAGING SWINE HASTES TO PREVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATER-DISP
RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL DRIED-POULTRY
NEW PROCESS CONVERTS CATTLE RUMEN TO FEEDSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-TREATMENT SUSPEN
DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER D1SPO
FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE
FEED E« TRASH, CUT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE BRUSH-CONTROL FARM-WASTES RECYCLING PR
FEEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AKMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-WA
REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED
HOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE
A LOVELY NEW SCENT FOR MANURE KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION SAGEBRUSH FARMTWASTES ODOR
CONFINEMENT FEEDING PROS, CONS, AND TIPS KEYWORDS RUNOFF wATEk-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION
LIQUID HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEEO-L
NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODCR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES
THE OPCCO DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS
MONFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FOR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PLASTICS TILES
NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEEL-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEK NITROGEN
FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
112
-------
400 73 1068
400 T3 IOT3
400 73 1140
400 73 11*5
400 73 1168
400 73 1178
400 73 1103
400 73 1191
500 71 1072
500 71 12&5
600 69 1005
600 71 0495
600 71 0496
600 71 0497
tOU 72 1001
600 72 1002
60U 72 1004
600 72 10)1
600 72 1071
600 72 1076
600 72 1148
600 72 1149
600 72 1153
600 72 1154
600 72 1156
600 72 1169
600 72 1177
600 73 1065
600 73 1075
600 73 1147
700 69 1067
700 70 1066
700 70 1109
700 71 1120
700 72 1048
100 68 0077
200 70 0244
300 70 1000
300 70 0210
100 71 0303
100 71 0682
700 70 0231
100 73 1263
100 73 1190
200 66 0136
100 62 0382
300 71 0512
300 71 0513
300 71 0514
300 71 0515
100 68 0044
100 69 0714
100 70 0023
100 70 0034
100 70 1051
100 71 1232
100 72 1215
200 64 1240
200 66 0155
300 71 0625
200 70 1050
200 71 0765
200 71 0767
300 68 1202
300 71 0301
300 71 0689
300 71 1107
200 71 0663
200 71 0597
100 71 0312
100 69 0108
100 69 0361
100 70 0418
100 71 0572
100 71 0748
100 71 0668
200 66 0115
200 71 0797
300 70 0204
300 70 0743
300 71 0692
400 71 1135
100 60 1078
100 71 0751
200 70 0719
400 73 1191
100 64 0343
100 66 0506
100 67 0104
100 67 0302
100 70 0738
100 71 0573
100 71 0798
200 64 0759
200 66 0115
200 66 0125
ZOO 69 0181
200 69 0182
200 69 0426
200 69 0430
FARM-WASTES
FAKM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTFS
FARM-WASTES
FAAM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FAKM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FAKM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FAKM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTE-DISPOSA
FARROWING
FAKROWING-HOUSE
FAT
FATE
FATTY-ACID
FECAL
FECAL-DRY-MATTER
FECAL-EXCRETION
FECAL-MATERIAL
FECAL-POLLUTION
FECAL-RESIDUES
FECAL-RESIDUES
FECAL-RESIDUES
FECAL-RESIDUES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FECES
FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL-REGULATION
FEDERAL-WATER-OUAL
FEOES
FEED
FEED
FEED
FEED
FEED
FEED
FEED
FEEO
FEEO
FEED
FEED
FEED
FEEDING
FEEDING
FEEDING
FECDING-OUT-ANO-FI
FEEOLOT
FEEOLOT
FEEDLOT
FEEOLOT
FEEOLOT
FEEOLOT
FEEOLOT
FEEDLOT
FEEOLOT
FEEDLOT
FEEDLOT
FEEDLOT
FCEDLOT
FEEDLOT
KEYWORD INDEX
NEW FEEOLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
NITRATE CUNT6NT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS
ANOTHER POSSIBLE PROCESS FOR MANURE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-fREATMENTFERT
FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING FEEDS EQUIPMENT
CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING
?™?,£«IRSl ?*V BE * B'° CONCERN «YWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
£S« ?,, ^ ,/£ "'""* BYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
MOVE TU NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG
c!Mf^S OF,FEEOLOT C»TTLE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-DISEASES CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WATER-
£nC«I!Y °,f,*lM BYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATERS FROM PLOWEO-IN FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DI
DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAERCBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA
CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR
2MnL"JSTE P°NOS EfFECrlVE<-» SELF SEALING KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES I
-t?ucE.5^ 1RRIS»TIt"< SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF
MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY HETABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS
?«IE?/N°«cUMMER SHELTE" FOR BEEF ""I-E IN LOUISIANA KEYWOROS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L
SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS SOLIB-WASTES STORAGE ULT1MATE-OISPO
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DOOR W
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEH JERSEY STR
SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
F,*R?-H*STE-D'S''US*I- 1N REL*T'°I* '<> CATTLE KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATI
Si^Si. 56 E W*STE PROBLEW *"™ P'SS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SWINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
1*1 RE,SVLT OF FEEOINS ORIED-POULTRY-WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG-PRODUCTION AND FEED-CON
METABOLIC FATE OF U81QUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL
AERATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MANURE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE KE
J!!Eni?FLUENCE Qf FEEO ADO«T'VES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SWINE WAS
CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTRIC
NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESIUM IN SHEEP KEY
ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERL1FE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP
TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS KEYWORDS
FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS DIETS ANTIBIOTICS NITR
FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEEO ADDITIVES—SWINE KEYWORDS HAZARDS GROWTH-RATES DIETHYISTILBES
FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND ANTIBIOTICS—BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION OISE
REcl°UES FRCM L»RV'<:iOES—POULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA BORON
SfS ION °F POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
.»! N ° CULTURE "Eou FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS
ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS AM HALS KEYWORDS
£n!l?Mj?n!!XIR«T!ON *N° °U*NT«"»"°" OF TOTAL L1PIOS AND LIPIO FRACTIONS IN BLOOD AND
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS SOUR
^n5n!.«TER FR°M SIMIAN PP»I"*TE FACILITIES KEYWOROS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
!HE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIOUIO-W
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CRUDE PRCTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K
InfcLnc*tT^TlUJL "»" THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWOROS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWO
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OESI
??»« »rrKr!« II?,'f !,iiJB^'IY °F U""TE° ST*TES FOR N"LIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI
Hill i5EN£'" REGUt*TI*e CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULATION FEOE
WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEDLOTS KEYWORD NEBRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MA
?iII?.!SV ' N CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWOROS AGRICULTURAL-C
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS WATER-8UALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS OISPQi
^m.rT^in'^c^I*1''1''6 '" LIVESr°« FEEO>-OT DESIGN ANOMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF
REDUCTION AND ESTERIF1CATION OF CHOLESTEROL AND SITOSTEROL BY HOMOGENATES OF FECES KEY
EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT
ENRICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEEO 8Y ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARVwIsTES T
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING pSulTRV UTTM TO I
THE ELIMINATION OF ODOR FROM THE EFFLUENT GASES Of CHICKEN MANURE DRYING PLANT KEYWORD
CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEYWORD FEED BIOCHEMICAL
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL OOoisT
GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWOROS FEED MICRO
POULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED 01 ET SoO* CO
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWOROS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRR
EFFECT OF FEEO PROCESSING ON DIGESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEOLOTS N
ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS FEEOLOTS
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWOROS ARSENIC FAKM-WASTES SWINE DIETS
ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA
FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE OF POULTHY LITTER ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS KEYH°R°S FESCUE '
BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWOROS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-HATER
CATTLE FE6DLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWOROS 800 COO FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE
MODELING FEEOLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS COD DISCHARGE KYMOGRAPHS Co5«STRA?i™S
SALMONELLA INFANTIS IN CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWOROS SALMONELLA INFANTIS FEEOLOTRUNO
MODELING FEEDLOT POLLUTION I ANALOG SIMULATION KEYWORDS RUNOFF MODELING FEEDLOT
METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEABLE SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC
STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO CHEMICA
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLUKR1ES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FLOORS
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUT ON LEGISLAMON G
CATTLE FEEOLDT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWOROS HYDROGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS NTEN
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-DUAL
CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWOROS RAINFAtL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIQ
113
-------
200 69 05
-------
2UO 73 1093
300 1105
300 71 1096
400 71 U2V3
403 71 1134
400 71 1172
4UO 72 1130
400 73 1068
400 73 1145
400 73 1145
600 73 1075
400 71 0686
200 73 1093
300 71 0511
ll<0 71 0461
203 69 0187
300 70 0210
300 71 0627
1UO 70 0014
200 66 0123
300 70 0209
300 71 0621
3UO 71 1261
200 71 0769
200 72 1022
100 62 1220
100 63 1064
100 66 0730
100 70 1227
100 71 1197
100 72 1097
100 72 1129
100 72 1168
100 72 1235
100 73 1087
200 68 0726
200 69 1185
200 70 1175
200 71 0773
200 71 0776
200 71 0760
200 72 1010
200 72 1011
2UO 72 1014
200 72 1015
200 72 1017
200 72 1016
200 72 1019
200 72 1020
200 72 1021
200 72 1023
200 72 1024
200 72 1025
200 72 1028
200 72 1029
200 72 1090
200 72 1054
200 73 1189
300 1077
300 67 0711
300 69 1180
300 70 1000
300 71 0700
300 71 1008
300 71 1261
300 72 1003
300 72 114fc
300 72 1264
300 73 1009
400 65 1127
400 65 1141
400 67 1226
400 70 1133
400 71 1131
400 71 1134
400 71 1136
400 71 1137
400 71 1139
400 71 1144
400 71 1174
400 72 1032
400 72 1138
*00 72 1171
400 72 1173
400 72 1179
400 73 1063
400 73 1068
400 73 1140
400 73 1145
1400 73 1158
400,73 1183
400 73 1191
! 500 71 125S
' 600 69 1005
: 600 69 1160 '
600 72 1002
600 72 1071
600 72 1074
600 72 1149
600 72 1153
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS •
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDSTUFF
FEEO-ADUITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEtO-CONVERSION
FEED-CONVERSION
FEED-CONVERSION
FEED-EFFECIENCY
FEED-EFFICIENCY
FEED-EFFICIENCY
FEED-EFFICIENCY
FEED-EFFICIENCY
FEED-GRAINS
FEED-LOT
FEED-LOT
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS '
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEEO-LCTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
n* r
KEYWORD INDEX
CEHYDKATEO POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FDR SHEEP
! 0 ^^---^"-"-"-----^""^SA^r^^Esrp
THE OPCCU SR«B «Pv£n»nc Jr^? S°URCE KEYI(0*°S OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
THE OPCCU DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMFNT
HOW.N^L^^M" I!ANURI " F«° KEYWORD MC?"lSs"«S".m!T«TTL!
SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES RFCVfl INT. FEfn« EnnlD.cuT
THEFcoF?^ PRQ'
-------
600 72 115*
6SO 72 11T7
600 72 121)2
6U'J 73 11*7
700 69 1067
200 69 0164
101) 69 0301
2bO 71 0600
100 73 l\VO
1GO 72 1215
loO 55 0328
luO 70 03*2
100 70 0*18
1UO 73 103*
200 6* 12*0
200 6* 12*1
2uU 69 0169
2u3 71 1099
*UO 71 0305
100 73 103*
1UO 70 0025
100 73 1162
2uO 70 0237
200 70 0720
20U 71 0278
100 62 1220
100 65 1219
200 70 0222
2UO 71 060*
200 71 0608
200 71 06*8
200 71 06*9
200 71 0660
200 71 0831
200 71 0832
200 71 0833
200 71 083*
300 70 1059
100 60 0059
100 68 00**
100 68 0730
100 70 00*2
100 71 0721
200 66 01*9
200 66 0151
200 66 0153
200 66 0155
200 69 0157
200 69 0186
200 69 0202
200 69 0*27
200 70 0226
200 70 0227
200 70 0*98
200 70 0670
200 70 0716
2UO 70 0719
200 71 059*
300 67 0710
*00 71 0731
*00 73 1007
500 70 0386
500 70 0390
500 70 0*00
100 62 1220
100 65 0377
100 65 1079
100 66 1080
100 67 0079
100 67 04*8
100 68 1121
100 69 0060
100 69 0061
100 69 10*2
100 70 0051
100 70 0365
100 70 0*17
100 70 0510
100 70 1037
100 70 1041
100 70 119*
100 70 1233
100 71 1039
100 71 1197
100 71 121*
1UO 73 1069
200 69 0173
200 69 0200
200 69 0201
200 69 0*23
200 69 0*29
200 69 0*31
200 69 0*82
200 70 021*
200 70 0220
200 70 02*3
200 71 0663
200 71 0616
200 71 0817
200 71 0653
FEtD-LCTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-LOTS
FEED-RAT ION
FEED-VALUE
FEbO-YARU-ACT
FEMUR-DEPOSITION
FERBAM
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
I-ERMENTOR-SAMPLING
FERTILITY
FERTILITY
FERTILITY
FERTILITY
FERTILITY
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
MERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
KEYWORD INDEX
WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FCK BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LUIS FARM-WASTES L
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS
SULID HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-OISPO
ANALYSIS OF AMIMAL HASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ODOR W
SWINE WASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT
STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES
NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESUIM IN SHEEP KEY
AUTOMATED COMUUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN blOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE FEEDING UN BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FERMENTA
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY-TREATED FECES KEYWORDS DIGESTION FERMENTATION CO
ENKICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEED BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES T
TECHNIQUES FOK SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA CCLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-e
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PKOTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCT1
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS
TECHNIOUES FUR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY HOUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY KEYH
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS
THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
POPULATION GROWTH-RATE SHQULDNT GET ALL THE BLAME KEYWORDS FERTILITY CITIES RESOURCES
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION
STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAIRY-INOUSTR
RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE FERTILIZATION NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITR06EN
FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYWORDS PERTILIZER-REOUIREMENTS CR
LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER DUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-R
UTILIZATION UF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-BYPRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE WASTE-OISP
EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW
GRDUNDHATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA
FFFfCT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO
SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNOWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNOWATER FERTILIZATION
THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN
THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS OOUR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
AGRICULTURE S EFFECT ON NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNUWATER KEYWORD FERTILIZER FEED-LOTS
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER DOOR RUNOF
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIOUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING Of HOGS KEYWOR
POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNI8UES VALUE ANAL
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-*
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING OROSS-PROFIT
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LICUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST
MANAGEMENT OF AN MAL FEEDLCT HASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NU
A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC
RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROT
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
BIOOEGRAOATION OF POULTRY MANURE FROH CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS DOOR POULTRY DRYING LARV*
«EOlSc "oBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE OF POULTRY LITTER ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P
IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAWS PERMITS DOCK LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA
FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOO COD RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO
DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER DISPO
FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOH
INTROOUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAN WATER KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEDLOTS
SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORUS IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NUTHIENTS FERTILIZER DEIERCENIS
MANURE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SC1LS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERTIl
MATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS KATER-POLLUT10N-SOURCES
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-HATTER FERTILIZERS SOI
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITRCGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
SOURCES OF NITROGEN ANB PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZE**
INDUN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF HATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUNDWATER POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS PESTI
SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNlMORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K
THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN WATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES
MPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS 600 COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS WATER SALIN
ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILIZERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO
CATTLE. SWINE AND CHICKEN CANURE CHALLENGES WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS KEYWORDS COSTS FER
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC
RFtfEM OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY'oN EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHCCATION
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
NS"lENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ASKICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
?HE DIsJoSAToF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOUS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
USE OF POULTRY MANURE FOR CORRECTION OF ZN AND FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS KEYWORDS FER
THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT
ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-0
CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITR06
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED bY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GHOUNOWATER NUT
RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOU COD FERTILIZERS
THE ECONOM CS OF STORING. HANDLING AND SPREADING OF IIOUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE
MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOO UK FERTILIZERS SLU
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS HATER-OUAlITY-ACT FERTILIZERS DISPOS
ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWOHCS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS
MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTKIENTS POULTRY MARK.ET-VALU
RECYCL NG BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0
116
-------
200 7t 085^
zuo TI oast,
200 71 103i
Zu'iS 71 109V
2vj3 Tl 1095
iuD 71 125J
20fl 73 1082
201) TJ 1189
300 65 0739
Jl/0 6^ 025«>
3oU 66 1043
3UC 68 1122
300 70 05«
3uO 70 1036
300 70 105")
300 70 ill!
300 71 C591
31.0 71 lOifr
300 7t 1157
300 72 126C
«cQO 65 1121
4UC 66 DOBS
00 f>t 0016
*00 69 10*5
*.00 6<1 1225
«OU 70 0070
400 70 1176
400 71 050*.
400 71 1174
400 71 1196
400 7 i« 1231
100 70 1W4
3DO 71 124$
100 68' 1121
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
f£a.TILU6RS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FEIIILlZEfli
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
F6«TIL!Z£RS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILISERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FEKTILJZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FE«TILI2£HS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
= ERTIL LZEF.-M TRO6E
FERTILim-NITHQGE
FERTILIZER-REQUIRE
FERTILIZER-VALUE
FERTILIZERS
FERTL1LZERS
FESCUE
FESCUE
FESCUE-PASTURES
FIELDS
FIELD-CAPACITY
FIELD-CROPS
FIELD-OISPQSAJ.
FIELD-NO i STUM-CAP
FIELD-SPREADING
FIELD-SPREADING
FIELO-SPReADING
FIELD-SPREADING
FIELD-STUDIES
FIELD-STUDY
FILTERING-SYSTEM
FILTERING-SYSTEMS
FILTERS
FILTERS
FILTERS
FILTERS
FILTERS
FILTERS
FILTERS
FlLTEftS-eOUIP«£Nr
FILTH-FLIES
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FINANCING
FINANCING
FINANCING
FINISHING-BUILDING
FISH
FISH
FISH
FISH
FISH
FISH
FISH
FISM
FISH
FISH
FISHERIES
FISHERIES
FISHFILL
F1SHKILL
KEYWORD INDEX
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYHORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO
GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION KITH DAIRY HASTES KEYWORD FERTIL
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS HATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUT ION— SOC ID-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OLALITY KEYWORDS
NITRATE POLLUTION CF HATER KEYWORDS HATSR-POLLUT JON-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-HATERS
COSTS FDR LARGE 5C9LE CONTINUOUS P>ROLYSIS OF 501,10 HASTES KEVHOMU SOLID-HASTES COSTS
A FEEQSR LUOKS "I AMIMAL WA5IE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f
NITRATE AND HATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE
USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENE
HASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES MATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYHOROS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS HASTES FERTIL
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE HAH ON POLLUTION KEYHOROS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUT10
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNOHATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GRQUNOWATER FERTILIZATION
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER OUAHTY LAWS FOR THE fEEOCOT INOUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL PGLLUTION-
AGRICULTUH.AL POLLUTION OF THE GREAI LAK65 BASIN KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPH1CAI
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOHA
CANADA ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
PtGNPOIwr RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS MATER POLLUTION RURAJ. AREAS FERTILIi
KHV NITRATES IN HATER. SUPPLIES KEYWORUS N1TRAIES fEEO-LOIS FERTILIZERS f ARM-HASTES MISS
POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER
THE FARM ROLE IN MATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEOIHENT FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTID
FERTILIZERS AND FEEDLCTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNCWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO
AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU
CONSEHV1NG RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A 8UALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOJL-PKCPEKriES SOIL-SURVEYS F
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION NITRATES
COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILIZERS HUtPMENT COST OEM
L1CUIU HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES fE£0-L
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HUH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
THE OPCCO DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES MASTS-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
ASR1CUHUKE A«0 ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ?HD10SYNTHeilS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
ANOTHER POSSIBLE PROCESS FOR MANURE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT FERT
CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS 1RUIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING
CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEO-LGTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYHOROS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-OtSPOSAL IRKIG
DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY OOOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS A.PPL tCAT IOH-MEIHOOS
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYHOROS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTINATE-D1SPO
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR M
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEH JERSEY STR
It SOIL J-ROFUES AND DM TRANSFQRNATICNS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SGIL-NI
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS
FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYHORO.S FERTILUER-REQUIREMENIS CR
SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SHINE HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAl-CHEMIC
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART t, KEYWORDS AGRICUL1UHAL-C
POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTROPHICATI
FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE OF POULTRY LITTER DN PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE HASTE-
RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALC FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0
DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE HID
THE EFFECIS OF FARMYARD MANURE ON MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL KEYW
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLCT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AEflATION, AND SOIL PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORM! I IONS AN
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPI
STATUS OF DAtRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT A«0 KAKASEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAlRIT-IWJUStR
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY
SUINE WISTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES F IELTJ-SPREAC1N6 CDNFSNEME
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTER1C-8ACT
ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILK1NS PARLOR. WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDM ILINS INDUS
CONTROL OF OOORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYHOROS ODORS DUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROM
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYOROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A
POULTRY HOUSE DUST, ODOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAD-F ILTE
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOIS HASTE-01SPOSAL
WATEB-aUALtfY RE CU [REGENTS »\0 RE-USE OF trASTEHATEK EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS NUJHIENT-RENOV
NATURAL FILTERS FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTtS, KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION EFFLUENTS ORGAN
CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE EXHAUST ODORS KEYWORDS FHTERS DUST WATER-SPRAY CONTROL POOL
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIES BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER CUALtt* OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESIION FILTRATION ANALYTICA
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FASCAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE HATER
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS HATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L
A FEASIBILITY STUDY Of A LIVESTOCK. WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
REVIEH OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATIUN PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTRDPHICATION
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SY5TE
FEEOLOT WASTS MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
EOUIPHENT AW FACILITIES FCR MODERN KETKOOS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
HATE* POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
«F-rTlS«t*SJi5«J[^L "LIUTANTS 0" »»«K USES KEYWORDS BOD COD DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
(NFeCTlONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREUUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A
?T«» "S IOM f H6*CURY IN f000 WUCTS AMD BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLUBELESS
!1£UL 2V5S" FEEDLOT *UNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND CHEHICA
Sr?^r^N!L?L?*!!t6ES F0" POLLUT10N OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
• im.!2 EN i*C VECr°RS Of HU(**N «*CTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES veCTRfli-BlOLO&Y
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED PROM AOUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS AOUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO
S«IJ!iNJIIOM °N "EWURY >N-S»MPUS FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WATERS KEYWORDS R
""
nc ««• EUIROPHICATION PROBLEMS KlYMDRDS EUTHOPHICATION
WAT» cm f ,5m£L2T RUN°" °N "*'" OUALITV OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL
WATER POLLUTION FJ)0N LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
117
-------
2UO 67 1243
200 69 0*82
^00 71 06*1
300 64 1110
300 67 0701
300 71 1057
100 71 0742
100 70 1051
100 71 07*2
IOO 70 1237
200 69 05*1
iOO 69 05*2
200 69 05*3
100 70 119*
100 71 07*2
200 69 1117
300 71 1098
100 66 1080
S.GO 70 0393
600 72 1076
100 65 1091
200 66 0119
2LO 66 0130
400 69 0039
200 70 1113
300 68 1123
300 72 1170
*00 73 1158
100 70 0691
100 71 0567
2UO 70 0755
300 69 0093
200 66 0121
200 71 0703
300 70 0*68
300 71 0732
600 70 OOBO
300 71 07*5
100 69 0052
100 72 122*
600 72 1001
200 72 1015
100 68 0296
300 69 1180
100 69 0058
100 70 0089
200 70 023*
200 70 02*8
300 68 0352
400 70 0097
*00 71 0339
600 71 0272
600 72 1071
100 70 0570
100 71 03*8
400 71 0350
100 6* 0371
100 67 0501
100 71 1092
100 73 1165
300 71 0515
*00 71 0294
400 73 1191
300 71 0477
100 68 0106
100 70 0089
200 69 0193
300 68 07*9
300 69 0006
300 71 1119
600 70 0098
200 69 0192
200 70 0222
200 6* 1240
300 70 1247
300 71 1100
500 71 1254
100 70 1051
*00 71 1172
400 73 1068
100 70 1111
300 69 1125
100 69 0045
600 72 1169
600 72 1177
ZOO 73 1062
200 70 0715
300 68 1043
IOO 71 1039
200 70 1050
300 68 1043
200 72 1030
100 69 0364
600 72 1163
200 66 0124
600 68 0471
200 66 0121
600 72 1150
200 69 0188
*00 70 0351
FISHKILL
FISHKILL
FISHKILL
F1SHKILL
fISHKILL
FISHKILL
FISH-DISEASES
FISH-HATCHERIES
FISH-HATCHERIES
FISH-HATCHERIES
FISH-KILL
FISH-KILL
FISH-KILL
FISH-KILLS
FISH-MANAGEMENT
FISH-POPULATION
FISH-PROTEIN
FIXATION
FIXATION
FLASH-VOLITALUATI
FLIES
FLIES
FLIES
FLOATING-AERATOR
FLOCCULATION
FLOCCULATION
FLOOD-IRRIGATION
FLOOD-PROTECTION
FLOORING
FLORA
FLURICA
FLOW
FLOWABILITY
FLOWMETEKS
FLOW-AUGMENTATION
FLOW-CHARACTERISTI
FLOW-CHARACTERISTI
FLOW-CONTROL
FLOW-NET
FLOW-RATES
FLOW-RATES
FLUMES
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING-GUTTERS
FLUSHING-GUTTER
FLUSHING-GUTTER
FLUSHING-GUTTER
FLUSHING-GUTTERS
FLUSHING-GUTTER
FLUSHING-GUTTER
FLUSHING-GUTTERS
FLUSHING-GUTTER
FLV
FLY
FLY
FLY-BREEDING
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-PARASITES
FLY-PUPAE
FOAMING
FOAMING
FQAMING
FOAMING
FOAMING
FOAMING
FOAMING
FOAM-PAO-FILTERS
FOLIAR-APPLICATION
FOODS
FOODS
FOODS
FOODS
FOOD-ABUNDANCE
FOOO-ANO-ORUG-ADMI
FOOD-AND-ORUG-AOMI
FOOD-CHAINS
FOOD-PRODUCTION-HA
FORAGE
FORAGE
FORAGE-YIELDS
FORCEO-AIR-OVENS
FORCED-DRYING
FORESTRY
FORESTS
FOREST-MANAGEMENT
FOREST-MANAGEMENT
FRACTIONATING
FREEZE-ORYING
FREEZE-THAH-TESTS
FREEZING
FREEZING
FREEZING-POINT
FREE-STALL-BARN
FREE-STALL-HOUSING
FREE-STALL-HOUSING
KEYWORD INDEX
THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORC GROUNDWATER NUT
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTEftI
LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES
WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOO COLIFORM FISHK
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI
INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR
INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
FEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C
ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNDUATER FISH-KILL
INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTRDPHICATION
INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A
WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS AQUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SCILS KEYWORDS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING
HIGH-TEMPERATURE H[GH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR
TOXICITY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FEO HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY 'LARVAE KEYWORDS
BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT
DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE 6Y PLOW-FURROW-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES L
LABOR FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODCR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FRUM SURFACE SPREAD SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS
00 YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE HAST
THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS
BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL FLORA OF SEAGULL DROPPINGS IN JERSEY KEYWORDS BACTERIAL FLORA SEA
FEEOLOT HASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL
HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOO 00 RIVERS WATER-QUALITY STREAM
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SgLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAM
THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRR1GATEO-AGRICULTURE IN THE COLORADO-RIVER-8ASIN
CLOSED SYSTEMS FOK ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRV-INDUST
FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FLOW-CONTROL TERRACES BY-PRODUCTS RENDERING
NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLON-N
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R
A NEW APPROACH TO CAGE WASTE DISPOSAL IN A CANINE LABORATORY KEYWORDS DOG FLUSHING
CATTLE FEBDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
REUSE OF WASH WATER FOR CLEANING CAGEU LAYER HOUSES KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER STORA
TREATMENT) USE, MO- DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR
FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOD COD 00 ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT
PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F
DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SWINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SE
POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EOUIPMENT COSTS FL
FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED WATER HOGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHI
A OQSING-SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
MANURE MITES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY 0VI
BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS
SCHEDULE MANURE REMOVAL TO AVOID FLY BREEDING KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA POULTRY ODORS FLY
THIN-SPREADING OF SLURKIED-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS MOISTURE-CONTENT SOLIOS-PER
INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OEGRA
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLV LARVAE KEYWORDS
FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING DURSBAN 0-0 OIETHYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLORO-2-P
FECAL RESIDUES FROM LARVICIDES--POULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA BORON
MANURE MITES IN INTEGRATED FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CALIFORNIA FLY-CONTROL
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS
BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF ANIMAL WASTES TO NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS POULTRY FLY-PUPAE NUTRIENT
OXIDATION DITCHES FOR WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS BOD ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY
TREATMENT) USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR
CHARACTERISTICS OF A8UEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOD PH REDOX-PUTENTIAL
ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PE
SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DE
TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD
BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COD BOD TS TVS PH DO TEMPERATURE
POULTRY HOUSE OUST) DOOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAD-FILTE
THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COL1FOBH GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNC1 PHOTOS
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS SOW
OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SCURCE KEYWORDS UXIDATION-LACQUNS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLOKINATED-HYUROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-N
THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION CM
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC
WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOCDLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEN THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-L
LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-DRYING TEMPER
ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTE1.N KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF HASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01
ACCELERATION OF NATURAL DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP
OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
DAIRY-SET-UP FOR 200 COWS KEYWORDS LAGOON CCSTS FREE-STALL-HOUSING EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON
118
-------
100 7(1 1041
100 70 0042
300 68 1122
1UO 66 0007
100 73 1155
200 73 1083
luO 67 0079
<:00 73 1082
300 7V 10U4
100 71 0461
100 68 0043
2UO 70 0320
10J 65 0699
200 66 0132
200 71 0775
200 71 10VS
500 70 0402
5UO 71 1254
600 72 1071
3UO 70 1084
200 66 0130
400 68 0015
500 71 1254
500 71 1254
100 70 0678
100 70 1194
200 69 0160
200 69 0432
200 69 0526
200 69 OS30
500 70 0411
200 66 0125
200 68 0725
200 72 1017
300 26 1204
100 71 046B
200 66 0137
200 69 0055
300 70 1084
100 66 0437
100 70 0085
100 70 0578
100 70 0685
100 71 0314
200 64 1240
200 69 0074
200 70 0238
200 70 0246
200 73 1082
300 68 0749
300 70 0455
300 71 1055
400 73 1178
600 70 0258
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
100 73 1155
100 70 1111
100 72 1188
300 69 0631
300 69 0632
300 69 0636
130 69 0363
400 65 1142
100 63 1064
200 69 0055
200 66 0129
300 71 1106
100 66 10BO
300 71 1055
200 64 1240
300 70 0384
200 69 0523
200 66 0155
300 69 1180
100 73 1088
100 71 1236
200 64 1240
200 69 0528
200 71 0283
200 71 0796
200 71 0770
200 71 0789
100 70 0065
300 71 0704
200 70 1050
200 71 0610
200 71 0611
200 71 0613
200 71 0614
200 71 0615
200 71 0616
200 71 0619
ioO 71 O620
300 71 0752
400 69 1225
200 69 0203
200 69 0529
100 69 010B
FRESNO-CALIF
FROZEN-GROUND
FROZEN-GROUND
FS
FUCOSE
FUEL
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUMIGATION
FUMIGATION
FUNDING
FUNGI
FUNGI
FUNGI
FUNGI
FUnGI
FUNGI
FUNGI
FURNACE
FURROHS
FURROH-IRRIGATION
FUSIFORM IS
FUSOBACTERIA
FUTURE
FUTURE-TRENDS
FHPCA
FHPCA
FHPCA
FHPCA
FHPCA
GAINS
GAINS
GAINS
GARBAGE-DUMPS
GAS
GAS
GAS
GAS
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASOLINE
GASOLINE
GASTRO-INTESTINAL-
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHKOMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHV
GAS-CHROMOTOGRAPHY
GAS-CONCENTRATIONS
GENERAL-CHEMICAL-4
GENERATION
GENETICS
GENETICS
GEOCHEMISTRY
GEOCHEMISTRY
GEOGRAPHICAL-REGIU
GEOGRAPHICAL-REG10
GEOLOGY
GERMANY
GERMINATION
GESTATION
GLACIAL-DRIFT
GLUCOSE
GOALS
GOALS
GOATS
GOVERNMENTS
GOVERNMENTS
GOVERNMENT-ACTION
GOVERNMENT-AGENCIE
GOVERNMENT-FINANCE
GOVERNMENT-F I NANCE
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT
GOVT
GOVT-PROGRAMPROGRA
GRAIN
n
TRANSPORT
KEYWORD INDEX
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT ANO TRENDS BENEATH URBAN
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYHOROS FERTILIZER N P K "?"ENV-L1»E
AE ISSicUoiMHiiJ! SS"f!T?,JN2.5VSIMI!*" WATERS KEY"°RDS »«*'«-•!""* I»"H « u
AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYHOROS gOO COO VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES REGRES
"UC1N IN ™E "STRO INT6STINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
""CRT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO
PHQSPHORUS "* "»»« SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS
M,.«=^T"H)OUS PYROLySlS OF SOLID WASTES KEYHOROS SOLID-HASTES «!?$
fr B N REFUSE T0 OIL KEVW°ROS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEHAGE-SLUOGE OIL HATE
fUN GAT 0« Z JlM^ nl US0!"" UTTER ltEVW"»OS POULTRY "EKFORMANCE MORTiu" SEIGHT-S
AP! ?*„}£?.? »Rf«fE,°F BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS FUMIGATION BROILER LITTER
*S* SVrln AhrnAS"f 'N AN """""ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARC
TH6 MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-HASTES
F°" MICROBI*L """"ION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS SOSS 8 1 00
POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPINS CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY
S^'fK F°R *"UI° ""ECOLOGY KEYHORO"SICROSJG!N?SMS wl El-Jo!
° "ATER-BORN ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY WATE
S?*?RS?!S *EYW1ROS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOToI
ET^™rE-JS F°R TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SHINE HANURE KEYWORDS
"™™ oHir-PourTu?-\-rniK-Rr«ORDT-FowKis-w-BArreftu-Hoii> POUITR
JEFU" T° °'L KEVMOIIDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEHAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE
, H*WRE 8V "I-CW-FURROH-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROHS FLIES L
*WOI° PQI-LUT10N BV "SING HASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON POND FUR
« . '"0"" KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOU-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
THE FUTURE OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REUSE OOOR POLLUTION FUTURE MANAG
R«i6!, NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTRUPHlCAT ION PR08L6HS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
fpofj, T WATE" OUtLITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES
*5"I£y V£E *S * SOURCE OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI
NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE
Irrr, 2L!c° IHE FEDER4L HATER-POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN FARH-ANIMAL-WASTE ANO
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUAL 1TY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI
oh0!",1?? FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FLOORS
POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEOLOTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS SILAG
ni?n c?J2 6E ENT *ND *NIM»L PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
2S12,J OCK FOOD COMP*NY * SINKING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON THE GAS CONCENTRATION IN A PART- SLATTEO PIGGERY KEYWORDS EFF
PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE HASTES BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOO
?i SSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEHAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE
PROPERTIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES BIODEGRADATION BIOCHEMICAL
DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE KEYHOROS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES
COLLECTION ANO DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES KEYWORDS N-IRELANO GASES SLURRY DISPOSAL
GASES ANO ODORS FROM STORED SHINE HASTES APMONIA MANURE METHANE CARBON-DIOXIDE HYDROGEN
GASES AND ODORS FROM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IDEN
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYHORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE HASTE KEYHORDS OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH
If!? JROBLEM ON THE FARM AN'M4>- HEALTH KEYHORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE
?n«S 2S» FfJ« erEYc°ROS' H*N4GE''ENT "STS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO
COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYKOLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS
R2TSR AERAJi°N °f S"INE "STES KEYHORO OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEHENT-PE
A«in^ «SJ,ETUi! ^ BECDM6S * "ORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYHOROS OOOR GASES LAGOONS RE
iK™ L??PSRT ° 4CTIVI11" DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USER
ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYHORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
cnn, ?S? ni '°N f*°M BEEF CAItLE "ST6S KEYHORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES COO COMPOST
«X£ ?£ Sf- W*IERS * MISDEMEANOR KEYHOROS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYHOROS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYHORDS
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYHOROS CHLORINATED-HYOROCARBON-PEST ICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PEST!
IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYHORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT
ODORS, GASES, AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH
QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR OUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMATO
PARTICULATE MATTER KEYWORDS CIRCULATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHYFILTER-PADS POULTRY-OUST 00
ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTE* IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYHOROS GAS-CHROM
WASTE CAUSED AIR POLLUTANTS ARE MEASURED IN SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS VENTILATION SHINE-
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYHORDS
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION HANAGEM
WATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAT ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CO
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER— A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
lE!l AS!!OM'CS °f CLEA"1 WAIER VaLUME TWO *NIH»L WASTES PRUFILE KEYHORDS COSTS HATER-PO
WHAT AND HHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-HASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN W
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS ANO PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYHORDS LIOUJO-M
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYHCROS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS ODOR LAND-USE GOALS POPULATION ^LLUTANTS SANITARY E
ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B
DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE D
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT ANO THE CONSERVAUON PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GRUUNDWATER
ORIGINS ANO IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUALItV STANDARDS FOR »NlS*L PRODUCTION FIRNS
AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYHOROS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION
PLANNING ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVEST-AG^C
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENV1RONMENTAL-SANI
WATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER KEYHOROS RUNOFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE Cn
U S D A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS A^mil^M VE-AGENC
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS ADMINIST
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL A*0 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ?n
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT WURIMTIONjvSTMS K^
THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PROJECT KtYHOROS ADMINISTRATI VE-AGENU ES GOVERNMENT-l
REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS AOMINISTRATI VE-AGENCI6S
RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS A£M XlsTRAH i!-A
ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT FAflf I Tec
CONSERVING RESOURCES ANO MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEv5o"s S"12-R«Suk« «w
-------
200 71 0806
. uu 71 0805
200 6* 1240
200 71 0826
200 69 0*23
200 69 0432
200 69 0526
2uO 70 0322
100 70 0561
200 69 0169
100 69 0045
100 70 1037
2UU 66 0149
100 70 1233
400 66 0380
200 70 0720
200 72 1022
100 69 1231
2CO 71 0805
600 72 1177
300 70 1101
200 69 0186
100 63 1219
100 66 1080
loO 68 0452
100 69 0052
100 69 0060
100 69 0081
100 69 1198
100 70 0372
luO TO 1041
100 71 1236
100 72 1097
200 69 0174
200 69 0181
200 69 0482
200 69 0542
200 69 0543
200 69 0676
200 70 0216
2oO 70 0221
200 70 1118
200 71 0770
200 71 0832
200 71 1252
200 72 1011
200 72 1013
200 72 1020
200 72 1021
300 67 1250
300 68 1122
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
300 70 1059
300 71 0269
300 71 0466
300 71 1008
300 72 1052
400 67 1226
400 73 1073
500 70 0391
500 70 0392
5UO 70 0405
600 69 1239
600 72 1149
600 73 1147
200 71 0762
300 70 0414
200 71 0605
200 68 1242
100 73 1164
300 72 1170
400 72 1166
600 72 1146
300 71 0639
300 68 1122
300 69 1103
600 72 1169
100 71 0450
100 70 0585
100 70 0260
200 73 1093
600 71 0271
200 71 0797
100 71 0257
300 71 OS13
400 73 1073
300 68 0741
300 70 0743
100 70 0023
300 71 1057
100 65 0366
200 66 0122
200 66 0123
200 69 0706
200 70 0220
200 70 0250
200 71 0640
200 71 0651
200 71 0662
GRAIN
GRAINS
GRAINS-CROPS
GRAIN-SOKC.HUM
GRANTS
GRANTS
GRANTS
GRAMTS
GRASS
GRASS
GRASSES
GRASSES
GRASSES
GRASSLANDS
GRASS-BELTS
GRASS-TET4NV
GRAVITY
GREAT-SOUTH-BAY-LQ
GREENHOUSES
GREENSbERG-SlLlTY-
GREErt-ALGAE
GROSS-PROFIT
GRUUHDWATER
GROUMDHATEK
GROUNOHATER
GROUNOWATER
GRCUNOWATER
GROUNOWATER
GROUNDWATER
GROUNDWATER
GROUNDWATER
GROUNDWATER
GRUUNOWATER
GROUNOWATER
GRUUNUWATER
GROUNOUATER
GROUNDWATER
GROUNDWATER
GROUNDWATER
GROUNDWATER
GROUNOWATER
GROUNOWATER
GROUNOHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNOHATER
GROUNOUATER
GROUNOHATER
GROUNUHATER
GRQUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNOHATER • '
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER ,
GROUNDHATER
GROUNOWATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATER
GROUNDHATERAEROBIC
GROUNOWATERS
GROUNDHATER-FERTIL
GROUNDHATER-MOVEME
GROUNDHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDHATER-POLLUT
GROUNUWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-SYSTEM
GROUND-WATER
GROUND-MATER
GROUND-WATER
GROUND-MATERS
GROWERS
GROWTH
GROHTH
GROWTH-CHAMBERS
GROWTH-RATE
GROWTH-RATES
GROHTH-RATES
GUELPH-SANOY-LOAM
GUIDELINES
GUIDELINES
HABITATS
HABITATS
HANDLING
HANDLING
HANDLING
HANDLING
HANDLING
HANDLING
HANDLING
HANDLING
HANDLING
KEYWORD INDEX
COMPOSTING DAIRY COH WASTES KEYWORDS AERUBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C
HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING MITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COL I FORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFURMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTE
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-0
AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE CF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI
NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE
FUNUING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRCNME
dRU'lLER LITTER ON WELSH COAL TIPS KEYWORDS GRASS
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE
THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRA
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYOROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT KEYWORDS ORGANIC-WASTES VOLUME ORGANIC-MATTER GRASS-BELTS P
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
RESEARCH NEEDS FUR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
POLLUTION AND EUTROPMICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND. NEW YORK KEYWORDS
HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING MITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN
DISPOSAL OF 8EEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
3ACTEKICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT
MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING GROSS-PROFIT
iMITrfATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWOROS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL MATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
GROUNOWATER CONTAMINATION KEYWOROS NITROGEN BARNYARD GHOUNOMATEK CONTAMINATION
NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLOW-N
RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUNOWATER POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWOROS FERTILIZERS PESTI
DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM PCULTRY'LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO
CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GRO
•STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTMASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS
THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL UF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNOWATER NITRA
FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOB ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION G
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL MATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT
ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF' THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNDMATER FISH-KILL
INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWOROS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI
CHEMICAL AND MICR08IAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEULOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR
GRCONOWATER QUALITY AND FLUCTUATIONS IN A SHALLOW UNCONFINED AQUIFER UNDER A LEVEL FEED
LANO-pISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER HATE
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWOROS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWOROS GOVERNMENTS GROUNOWATER
GROUNOWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA
NITRATE POLLUTION OF MATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATERS
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDWATER R
POLLUTION OF SIR WATER AND SOIL 6Y LIVESTOCK KEYWOROS AIR-PCLLUTIUN WATER-POLLUTION SOI
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION sot
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL CJF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER MATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS CN MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION
INKILTKATION RATES AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS, TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
IWJLTRATJON RATES AND GROUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEIDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS HE
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R
EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWOROS
PHOSPHORUS £ WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SE
NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FRCM MANURED LVSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS
BEHAVIOR'OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER-PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TO WATER-POLLUTION KEYWORDS PH
SOURCES-OF-NITRUGEN IN MATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-HATER INF
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA
DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAIN'S INSTALLATION NITRAT
MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWOROS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-OISPO
MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGAT
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNDM
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GKOUNOWATER-FERTILITY SOIl-
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWOROS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWOROS
HOM MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS CROUNOWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES I
USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDW
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUHE APPLICATIONS KEYWOROS APPLICATION-METHODS
NITRATE AND SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND-MATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD
BOD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY GROWERS AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BUD PROBLEMS POULTRY GR
GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IK FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWOROS
GROWING CORN IN GKOWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR
GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA INVOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FEED MICRO
DRINKING OF SULFATE-WATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS GROWTH-RATES SODIUM-CHLORIDE TOXICITY CA
FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES—SWINE KEYWORDS HAZARDS GROWTH-RATES 01ETHYIST ILBES
NiTRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS
RULES AND'GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF MATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL FE'EDLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRR
ATTRACTION OF COPROPHASOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS UN FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI
LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE ODCR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO
PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC
HANDLING, STORAGE. ANU TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LICUID HUG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE
LANII DISPOSAL AND STORAGE CF FARM MASTES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EOUIPM
HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING StPARAT
ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED KINGDON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-IREATMEN
WAStE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATME
120
-------
.200 71 0771 HANDLING
200 71 0802 HANDLING
300 65 00i3 HANDLING
3UU 70 0206 HANDLING
400 66 0088 HANDLING
400 70 0579 HANDLING
400 71 0262 HANDLING
400 71 0311 HANDLING
400 71 0264 HANDLING-METHODS
400 71 0575 HANDLING-SYSTEMS
400 71 032") HATCHERY
1OO 70 1237 HATCHERY-EFFLUENTS
100 70 0020 HAUGH-UN1T
100 73 1184 HAWAII
200 71 0806 HAY
100 69 0416 HAZARDS
21/0 68 1244 HAZARDS
200 71 0280 HAZARDS
300 71 0511 HAZARDS
300 71 0513 HAZARDS
400 65 0485 HAZARDS
iOO 64 1240 HEALTH
200 66 0115 HEALTH
200 66 0118 HEALTH
200 70 0234 HEALTH
200 70 0238 HEALTH
200 70 0239 HEALTH
200 71 0280 HEALTH
200 71 0664 HEALTH
200 71 0853 HEALTH
200 66 0127 HEALTH-AUTHORITIES
200 69 0518 HEALTH-PROBLEMS
300 68 0741 HEALTHi
100 72 1215 HEART
200 66 0143 HEAT-BALANCE
200 66 0136 HEAT-OF-COMPOSTING
6CJO 72 1074 HEAT-STRESS
300 71 1100 HEAVY-METALS
200 72 1021 HENS
100 70 0028 HEN-EXCRETA
100 71 1038 HERBICIDES
200 69 UBS HERBICIDES
300 71 0591 HERBICIDES
100 70 1111 HERRINGS
300 71 1100 HERRINGS
100 73 1155 HEXOSE
600 73 1031 HIGH-RISE-POULTRY-
100 73 1155 HISTOLOGY
100 64 0474 HOG
H/U 66 0442 HOG
100 71 0451 HOC
200 70 0220 HOC
200 70 0687 HOS
100 62 1220 HOGS
100 65 0378 HOGS
100 66 0347 HOGS
100 68 0106 HOGS
100 69 0353 HOGS
100 69 0714 HUGS
100 70 0102 HOGS
100 70 0367 HOGS
100 71 0576 HOGS
100 72 1224 HOGS
200 68 1186 HOGS
200 69 0157 HOGS
200 69 0180 HOGS
200 69 0425 HOGS
200 69 0516 HOGS
200 69 0522 HOGS
200 69 0756 HOGS
200 69 1116 HOGS
200 70 1159 HOGS
200 71 0819 HOGS
200 71 0822 HOGS
200 71 0861 HOGS
200 72 1018 HOGS
200 72 1018 HOGS
200 72 1019 HOGS
200 72 1024 HOGS
200 72 1025 HOGS
300 26 1204 HOGS
300 46 1207 HOGS
300 53 1206 HOGS
300 67 1253 HOGS
300 69 1060 HOGS
300 69 1203 HOGS
300 70 0208 HOGS
300 70 0384 HOGS
300 70 1000 HOGS
300 70 1247 HOGS
300 70 1248 HOGS
300 72 1170 HOGS
400 64 0358 HOGS
400 68 0033 HOGS
400 70 0579 HOGS
400 71 0298 HOGS
400 71 0339 HOGS
400 72 1166 HOGS
600 72 1001 HOGS
600 72 1071 HOGS
KEYWORD INDEX
TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS
AUTOMATED HANDLING, TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF WASTE HATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT
FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EOUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A
n2VnI?mU*?V?r £iS?OS*L ' Is THERE • PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER
OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE OOORS, MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS
u55TfrV^?LiNG WH*T ARE TH6 CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS
WHY STIRRING MANURE REDUCES OOORS KEYWORDS AEH08IC ANAEROBIC STORAGE OOORS HANDLING
HANDLING METHODS FOR LIOUIO MANURE ARE TESIEO KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-PUMPS FAR
POULTRY WASTE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY HANDLING-SYSTEMS
DISPOSAL OF HATCHERY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON OUALITY CHANCES IN SHELL EGGS DU
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C
A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HA/ARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC
PESTICIDES KEYWORDS DDT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES
ANIMAL WASTE REUSE NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW
FECAL-KESIOUES FROM FEED ADOITIVES—SWINE KEYWORDS HAZARDS GKOWTH-RATES DIETHYISTILBES
POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT
FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES 800 COO DO ODOR COSTS E8UIPMENT
THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE
FARM WASTES PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBIEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATI
PESTICIDES KEYWORDS DOT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES
ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE
RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0
CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING
HEALTH-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS ENTEROCOCCI ADSORPTION SILT-LOAM-SOIL HEA
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY HEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUEL
ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP
SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR BELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR-
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
APPLICATION UTILIZATION ANC DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
HOUSEFLY LARVAE BIOOCGRAGATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-OUALITY TEXAS
ECONOMICS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPHICAT
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORINATED-HYOROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DOOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP
CAN LIME AND CHLORINE SUPPRESS OOORS IN LIQUID HOG MANURE KEYWORDS LIME CHLORINE ODORS
REDUCTION OF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FAR* OXIDATION VAT KEYWORDS AE
THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF IIOUIO HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE
OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HCG ABATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-WASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYWORDS BOD COO ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10
AEROBIC-PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE KEYWORDS bOD COD COSTS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT OXIDAT
OXIDATION DITCHES FOR WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS 80C ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT CiF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOD COD ODORS EOUIPMENT L
EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS
POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION
NITROGEN AND AMINO ACIDS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND 0
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWORDS ODORS COC CONFINEMENT-PENS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION Of FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COO DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH, SETTLIN
ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COO HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND SY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS 'FARM-
FUTURE-TRENOS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE
SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS PULLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI
METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH ON A LARGE
CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEOUS SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION OITCH MIXED LIOUOR KEYWORD RECYC
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS UP ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL
UHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
WATER OUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM
FOUUNG OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUT ON UL
DRYING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS PCULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURC-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO
THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
EOUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEV.ORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTID
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER O.UALITY REPORT NUMiER ONE KEYWORDS
POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS
TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOSS BOD VOLUME WASTS-WATSR SIIBFirc UATCO
IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SEwIoE-OISPOSU EFFLUENT H
OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE ODORS, MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS
MANAGING SWINE WASTES TO PREVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATER-OISP
FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RECIkCULATED WATER HUGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLLSHI
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FUR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AERQalC-TRFATM
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AW TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE
121
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
100
000 M lO6b
7^0 70 1066
700 70 110')
7uO 7i 1048
200 71 0827
300 67 1253
300 70 1000
100 6b 007S
200 72 1015
100 70 0050
0355
66 OL56
200 64 12
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
luJ 6B 0036
JO'J 46 1207
t(10 67 0734
luO 69 0679
300 71 124>
100 70 0069
10(1 73 118*.
2JU 66 01**
200 69 0185
20(1 70 0219
it'll 70 0670
2uO 71 0617
2UU 71 0653
300 72 1157
4ug 71 0329
61,0 72 1001
2UO 71 0764
100 69 0045
2UO 70 0223
}UU 69 1044
300 69 1124
300 72 H8J
luO 70 0064
3ui) 72 1070
200 70 0687
100 70 0110
100 71 0484
200 li 0285
100 6% 0066
100 69 0360
200 71 0274
300 70 1247
100 67 U07S
100 67 1218
100 66 1229
100 70 1227
100 70 1230
200 70 0716
200 71 0647
200 71 0642
200 71 1033
200 71 1252
300 53 1206
300 66 1043
300 69 1060
300 69 1103
300 69 1203
3UO 70 1247
300 71 0744
300 71 0745
300 71 1100
400 69 1225
700 71 1120
200 70 1050
700 70 1046
200 71 1033
100 67 0302
100 64 0345
100 65 0346
100 68 0481
100 68 1121
100 70 0102
200 66 1242
200 70 0224
200 70 0227
200 70 1114
200 72 1022
300 71 0466
500 68 1259
500 70 0392
300 71 0269
300 72 1052
600 72 1146
100 66 0479
100 70 0014
100 70 0094
700 70 1066
700 70 1256
100 71 0509
300 70 0365
300 TO 0385
ICO 70 1194
300 69 0002
200 72 1016
100 68 0044
100 73 1034
100 73 1164
200 66 0132
100 68 1121
200 67 1243
100 62 1220
100 63 1064
100 65 1091
100 70 0570
100 70 1090
200 71 1094
200 71 1095
200 71 1096
300 68 1202
500 70 0395
IMMUNITY
IMPAIREO-WATfR-OUA
IMPOUNDING
IMPOUNDMENTS
IMPOUNDMENTS
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCIN6RAIION
INCLINED-PLANE
INCOME
INCUBATION
INCUBATION
INCUBATION
INCUBATION
INCUBATION
INDEX-COMPOUND
INDIA
INDIANA
INDICATORS
INDICATORS
INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS
INDOOR
INDOOR
INDUCEMENTS
INDUSTRIAL-PLANTS
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-HASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-HASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRY
INFANTIS
INFECTION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION-RATES
INFILTRATION-RATES
INFILTRATION-KATES
INFLUENCE
INFLUENCE
INFLUENCE
INFLUENT
INFLUENT
INFRARED-ANALYSIS
INGESTION
INHALATION
INHIBITORS
INLETS
INLETS-WATERWAYS
INOCULATION
INOCULATION
INOCULATION
INOCULATION
INORGANIC-COMPOUND
INORGANIC-POLLUTIO
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
°F ™E *E-USE OF ""HER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S
y« 0P,£LLUTI°N FRt"< AN1MAL W»STES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
Jin- PROBLEMS «^ORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER- 1RR IGATION
nc «cn nr°M ALK4LINE H4TER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT ION AMMONIA NITR
nU ?in ^nc°N "TER OUAL1TY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL
*lSPQSAL °F W4STES FROM MODERN ""'CULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR
'" "*"*" KEVHORUS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
r ANU"E 8Y "KINERAT10N KEYWORDS POULTRY HEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUEL
M4N4GEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE NORT
=n T GN °F *N ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWOKO
,,«™ F E TRE4™ENr ANU DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
c Hun N °R SEVERE T*EATMENT KEYWORDS INCINERATION SOLID-WASTES CHEMICAL-DE
LRE.?°V4Le KEyHC"")S DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION R!
r,2 Lr?ul! MAN»GEMEI"T GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
lin Sf.«* «?? "*STES KEVWOROS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA
FUTM« 2™«£rTj ICiaING FILTER FOR SklINE *ASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
Ifr 0" AN'MAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-WASTES NUTRIEN
»,DIGESII8IUTY CF "LLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRA
NS °RMATIONS 4NO pl-»NT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATT
c SFuMESc*c°,°N TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-N1
* S»n*C °RS °N MOVE(LEXING CAP'CITy ANO THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING LIGANDS OF WATER EXTRACT
AIR. POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYU
A ^INS ™E 'ERF°R"A"« OF OOMEiTic MIMLS - A LITEMTME »! l£ KEYW
RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICAt ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT ION
,ENoT:ANAER08IC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SUE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT
c *NU REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
2nD°c POULT!(Y FECES U^DEI1 CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
IN THFTillL*^MHfN?LING °F ANAER06IC «>CROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE
cnS uUIi^ HEN ' "LAMELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCEKA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN
ni r,n ""CROBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KtYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR BIOD
HE IMPACT Of AN S?r li«?«U5!a" KEYHORDS *UN6" WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
i.Tci SSFT 9F 4NIMAL «ASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
?nl ?,?SLTnTiSNc=ESULTING FRCM A«'CULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-sSuRCES
\ol\r\ly n? ™nll,fj*r 1*1MO HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
M^NURF il?c. 52n iu=? FRCM "UMAPHOS-FEO HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
II *N«ISEI!n?StE 'N FLV C°"TRU1- BYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY OV1
iin ln?,*??iTIVE f°* ™E CONTRUL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS
c POLLUTION-SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU
ArBCrIm?FDAGRICULrURES E"ECIS °N ^VIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
41 W4STES KEVhORl)S OEHVURAT10N LAND-USE PROIEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
HFM^T.v LI4B'LITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI
CHEMISTRY ANO METABOLISM OF INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELDRIN INSECT-CONTROL
123
-------
LuU TO 0028
^00 TI 0852
3UO TO 0205
)UO 71 1106
1UO TO 0570
300 11 1106
5JO 68 1259
5>UO 70 0195
300 71 1106
200 64 1240
200 71 0590
2i,0 71 OB22
400 69 1239
<00 70 0219
400 72 117'J
6JG 71) U469
700 70 1256
(JO 69 0196
400 72 1171
200 69 oi82
200 70 0227
tuO 72 1002
200 70 0236
IUO 72 1222
2JO 69 01S4
2GO 71 0609
200 69 0544
200 69 0545
2uO 69 0561
500 70 0410
LOO 67 05QI
100 70 0024
2uU 69 0544
200 69 0545
2UU 69 0546
200 69 OS24
200 70 0715
400 71 0267
6CO 72 1031
3UO 71 0466
200 70 0217
200 71 1234
2UO 69 0425
200 69 0559
200 71 0264
200 11 1017
30C 69 1061
3UO 71 1056
4UO 7J 1136
400 71 1172
600 72 1071
600 72 1163
600 73 1065
TOO TZ 104S
100 69 119B
300 71 1100
300 70 0490
300 70 04B8
300 67 1250
100 t>8 0077
100 68 0297
100 6B 1121
100 TO 0049
100 70 0051
100 70 0458
100 71 0681
100 72 1097
200 66 0115
200 66 0152
200 69 0176
200 69 0431
200 69 0541
200 69 0547
200 TO 0232
200 TO 0237
2UO TO 0250
200 TO OT37
200 70 1118
200 70 1159
200 71 0667
200 71 0778
200 71 O801
20O 71 0326
200 71 0850
200 72 1014
200 72 1021
200 72 1022
300 62 0754
300 67 0701
3UO 68 1122
300 69 1160
3UO 70 0008
300 70 0475
300 70 0743
300 70 1059
300 71 0590
300 n 0639
300 7L IOCS
300 71 1106
SOD 73 1009
INSECTS
INSECTS
INSECTS
INSECT-ATTRACTANTS
INSECT-CONTROL
INSECT-CONTROL
INSECT-CONTROL
INSECT-CUNTROL
INSECT-RESISTANCE
INSPECTION
INSPECTION
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION -COSTS
INSTALLATION-COSTS
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENTATION
INSULATION
INSULATION
INTENSITY
INTENSITY
INTENSITY
INTENS1VE-FARMNATU
1NTERLABORATORY-TE
INTERMITTENT -LOAOI
INTER-AGENCY-COOPE
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
INVESTIGATIONS
INVESTIGATIONS
INVESTIGATIONS
INVESTIGATIONS
INVESTIGATIONS
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENTS
IN-HOUSE-ORYING
IONIZATION
IONS
IONS
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IKON
IRRADIATION
IRRIGATED
IRRIGATED-AGHICULT
IRKIUATED-LANU
•IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
KEYWORD INDEX
HOUSEFLY LARVAE B10DEGRADATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS
aiQDEGRAOEO HEM MANURE ANU AOULT HOUSE FLIES THEIR MUTRltlOMftL VALUE TO JHE GROWING IH
INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-PCLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS 01
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT. ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE NAT ER-POLLUT ION-CO
MANURE MITES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY 0V]
MANAGING OUK ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WAfER-POLLUTION-CO
naSTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KtYrfORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO
CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF 1NSECI1C1UES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDI DIELORIN INSECT-CONTROL
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CD
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLlFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-fc
ttdOEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANE^AL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI
OESIGN, 'INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH ON A LARGE
DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN UF Ah ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD
THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FECDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
WHY DOES IT SMELL SO BAD KEYWORDS DOOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAM1NAT
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARB
HONFORr LOUKS AT TREATED MANURE FOR TRE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEEQ-LOTS PLASTICS TILES
CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER CUALITV HYOROLCGY KEYWORDS HYDRCGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTEN
RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROT
USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR OUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA
ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWOROS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOC FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA
TREATMENT OP WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS 1NAEROB1C-COND1T
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK .AND POULTRY HASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MI
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF 'POLLUTION FROM FEELiLOT WASTES KEYWOROS RUN
ALLIAMCE FOR ACTICIN KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGISTRATION INVENTORY WASTE-MA
INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL SV COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OESRA
PROBABLE SOURCES DF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS RDOEN
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY - KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MI
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO
THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS. LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA
CONSIOERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COST I
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC
WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DUES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS "COST ANALYSIS COST F
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
INFILTRATION RATES AND GRCUNDWATER CUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY CF A POND RECEIVING ANIKAL WASTES KEYWORDS
ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOO CUD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES
CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DIUJ.MAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWOROS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION HEYWD
FEEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-W<
OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT" AND TREATMENT OF SNINE MANURE KEYWOROS
ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIDS NITROGEN
EFFECTS Oh SWINE LAGOO.N EFFLUENT CF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPL1FIEU BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALCUSE R1VEB IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
SALINITY-CONTROL IN RETURN-FLOW FROM IRRIGATED AREAS A DEMONSTRATION-PROJECT KEYWORDS
THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRRIGATED-AGR1CULTURE IN THE COLURAOO-RIVER-BASIN
DISTRIBUTION UF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE M10
FARH-WASTE-DISPOSAL IN RELATION TO CATTLE KEYWOROS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATI
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF HATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION DF DEPTH AND AP
IMPACT CF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS BOO COD DISPOSAL IRRIGATION '
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGUON EFFLUENT DESIGN ANU OPERATION OF A. FIELD OISPOS
EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON SCME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS KEYW
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GrtOUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS.BOB COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOO COST NUTR
DISPOSAL OF OAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY 4ERATED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS 000 COD OX
MAJOR PROBLEMS QF HATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION
FEEDLUT POLLUTION SLIDE ShflK KfYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIflAL FEEDLGT RUNOFF KEYWCKOS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION HAS
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATI
THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F
LAND DISPOSAL A.
-------
KEYHORO INDEX
4uO 64 0358
400 67 1226
400 72 1032
400 72 1179
400 73 1007
400 73 1073
SOO 71 1072
600 69 1239
600 71 0288
600 12 1169
600 72 1177
600 73 1061
700 72 10*8
200 70 1118
2uO 66 0124
200 71 0607
300 70 1036
400 73 1166
200 71 0770
400 71 1174
-.00 73 1158
400 73 1183
600 72 1149
100 70 1041
200 68 1242
2uO 66 1244
400 71 1IV6
100 69 0105
100 70 0026
100 70 0110
100 71 0291
100 71 0307
500 71 1254
700 70 1256
200 64 1241
200 64 1241
200 64 1241
IfO 70 1237
200 66 0142
300 26 1204
300 30 1209
300 46 1206
300 49 1210
300 53 1206
300 68 1202
300 68 1209
100 65 0377
ICO 68 0337
100 69 0061
100 70 0042
200 70 0214
200 70 0226
300 70 0475
400 70 0070
100 67 0233
200 64 0759
ZOO 67 0734
200 67 1243
200 69 0543
200 69 0546
200 69 0553
200 70 0498
200 72 1013
200 72 1014
300 67 1249
300 68 1209
300 70 0743
300 71 1107
400 68 0038
100 62 0480
200 71 1094
200 71 1095
200 71 1096
300 46 1206
600 7S 1075
100 72 1215
200 71 0651
200 66 0120
200 66 0138
200 66 0139
200 69 0167
100 71 1213
100 71 1213
200 71 0618
300 71 0412
100 65 0067
100 70 0102
200 66 0115
200 66 0126
200 69 0202
200 69 0924
200 69 0706
200 70 0687
400 69 0039
400 72 1032
100 55 0328
100 65 0378
100 66 0478
100 70 0034
100- 70 0270
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRR1GA1ION
IRRIGATION
IRKIGAfI UN
IRRIGATION
IRKIGATIUN
IRRIGATION
IRKIflATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATIOU
IRRIGATION-EFFECTS
IRRIGATION-HEADS
IRRIGATION-PRACTIC
IRRIGATION-PRACTIC
IRRIGATION-STORAGE
IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS
1RRI GAT I ON-SYSTEMS
IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS
IRRIGATION-SYSTEM
IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS
IRRIGATION-WATER
IRRIGATION-WATER
IRRIGATION-WATER
IRRIGATION-WATER
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
ISOTHERMS
ISOTRICHA-INTESTIN
ISOTRICHA-PROSTOMA
1SOTRICHS
JOROAN-RIVER-MICH
JOULE-HEATING
JUDICIAL
JUDICIAL-DECISIONS
JUDICIAL-DECISIONS
JUDICIAL-DECISIONS
JUDICIAL-DECISION
JUDICIAL-DECISIONS
JUDICIAL-DECISIONS
K
K
K
K
K
M
K
K
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KENNEL
KENTUCKY
KENTUCKY
KENTUCKY
KENTUCKY
KENTUCKY
KIDNEYS
KINGDOM
KJELDAHL-NITROGEN
KJELDAHL-NITROGEN
KJELDAHL-NITROGEN
KJELDAHL-NITROGEN
KLEBSIELLA
KLE8SIELLA-PHEUMON
KNOWLEDGE
LAB
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABORATORIES
LABORATORY
LABORATORY
LABORATORY
LABORATORY
LABORATORY
KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS 800 VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER
«,, ™ «cvn K6Y1"-ROS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATEK-POLLUTION-SOURCES SE
? Tn Irnc «cS,SnTEED"L°TS CAmE """-WASTES °™« IRKIGATION LABORATORIES
FEEDER cuSfO ,nl ^EE°r°J RUN °FF KErW(JRDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
FEEDERS SCULOtO FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTF?
NITHATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FAR
SJSr-tESTJU.'^inll'SS* AS FE*IU1"RS «»w»os FARM-wAius SEWAG lis^E-oispsAL
FIE r CROP IR*IG!M™ \,\S££, RE"UCTICm «™ORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION
CROP Y?F?f% H,|S ,12n SL?,0?1 ^AT'U5i PON° EFFLUENT KEYWORDS MISSISSIPPI IRRIGATION 0X1
DISPOSAL OF HFFF c»ninr uicrcc hJ?SE/ANU"E APpL'CAT10NS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
EFFECTS 0? s2?« ffrnnS «r.S,lL°nI0,CROPUND KE™OI»°S FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
tPhECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KFYunon<;
SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATEO SWINE WASTES AS LlS??EO 8Y NITROGEN
SWINE
LIVKtt
Lloflin
«. n
Tn f,n« £2
?« E
'KLUI«t DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01
RU"OFF IR«IGATION-P*ACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEME
"'" °N •P°LLUT ION KE™°»°S AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
^ IH£ IEST *E™°ROS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING
N° IHE CONSeRV*TION PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GROUNOHATER
. BASIN T° ANO™eR "SWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-L
C*N YCU LE*"E EM KEVtlOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WAST
^OR" FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
rn nCISTEM *EC6IVINS LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF
n«r nALn*[J?«°F StLINIT¥ 4ND M 'RATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG
P?TUSrc«? Ln li^ic6 DR<;»'(ISHS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
S? S "EL4TED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC
n «,MCC rSunl;YrWiIH AStl "^l-UtlON LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
AMn 5?«l? «r?2,TI«S,°< SV"«-B"".DING ODOR KEYWORDS ODOR-THRESHOLD CHROMAT
Pe J^LnMc ° °R IHE OETeCT'0N *^0 ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM WXED CULT
nc ir*?? eLAE "°M R6NDEReu BV-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRIC
n? r^Smnc?*. 'f^"10" Of SALMONELLA^ AND SH15ELLAE FROM FECAL SPECIMENS KE
S ' US FK°H M6I-IOTHIS-AR«|SERA AND ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES
,KnIS°R05 ISOI-*T'ON CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
"2*^ORU5 1N S»TU«»TEO SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
"OTOi!OA "DWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOiOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI
^QTOZO* KEYWORDS «UMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
RSJSfU* KeYWORDS «UMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI
REMnv nf n,,p n iM°NID F'SH H4TCHER1« KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS OEWATERING E
'LIN6 STREAM "«HLUT?oS i? UWM"I?«IM™OC F!M K"W»S
' PREVENT DILUTION OF SPRING -ATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS
«no= cuc ° 6NJOIN 5EWA6E FL^W KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS Of DAMAGES-FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES DECISIONS °
OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI
T " N "
o n ,
T«
PHY mn nc T«
PHY! nin?v nf T«e
pSLLU?ION
n
u nt ,« «« *NO "QPS KETW0"OS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI
A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-DISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOD N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT
!;2iSE$ °F FeNN'^E «»ERSHED1 KE?w2RDS MRTKUER? J'U K
r = n, r,o 9PERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC
«« ip?iSnLn^RJeI° S°IL AN° NATEPl "OLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COD FERTILIZERS
*IO*jin SfrI«Fn"«I??2 ? CETERMININS THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC
i« IiE2.,SeuA^eShV?S^6IVES F1ELD CRDf>S NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS 1RRIGATI
ciii? ?J «n2 " DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F
STREAM muiT ™ «S2 ANJEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEOLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO
RE* U FEec"-OT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CH6MICA
R?;kEHS K6Yk(C"'OS F»«M-W«TES FEEDLCTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION
,„ cc*SIES °M "*TE" »ESOIJR«S ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
R2^.,INU«ISLSI.?SI;LUTION CONTRUL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI
U* »*Bn*? JlL^ILn^T PRDSRAM *<*»°*°S LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA
UATFB BniPMTlnw ?SS«nf ?* J^SLi" ION CONTR.°L PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE
IpPUMl^oS'u?!?!?!??!!.*^^^ 5* LIVESrU" *E™OR°S "R-Po!"??ONCWATlRlpO ""»" "if
*e»lfSNn?Ai lih fAJiSr/N° DISPOSAI- UF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
J™ \**.nl S he ANO REUTEO H4ST£S CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
ATKINSON V HEKINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEEL" LOT OPERATORS ANO CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI
w"{ERLpSLLSUT?LDrEn^?n"'C COMMERCIA1- fSEBLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CHUB ECMMICS M
=o.^? POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
PONDS STOP POLLUTION FKOM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-QUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNO
CAGE AND KENNEL WASTEWATE* KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOD TS TVS WAMcflJlSms CAG
?10 A"E"S KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION "oN^CsS
EFFECrS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYWORDS
V tinrn KE^OROS CEHYURATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
IH ««?T n2 S.*?I ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
iMlSK'SSsT?" S!ij;LIl!JrVf!lIKrD,l',SE?IiON,FO* TR"IU" """'^ IN»"OLSGUU SAMPLES KE
ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THC UNITED KlNGOON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYORATION WASTE-TREATMEM
0 S?SNA«?TR^2fFn.^JAJTLE |!EEOLOTS KEYWOROS BORAGE "TROGEnRGSN.C-wlTRMN^
DES1SN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGCONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COD BOC TFMP
CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNI8UES KEYWORDS LAGUONS CCD BCD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF I
AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COD LHiDlS
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGE*IC-BACTERU ENTE*?C-
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGSN C-BACTER A ENTER C
TSnNF"lN« OF5 IsHES'pOULT^MfN5?,,^ "J'^ "™ C^wSlcSISs'TlJSw 0 W? S m
125
-------
KEYWORD INDtX
10U 71 0303
200 60 0135
100 62 0480
1UU H 1232
lol) 70 OJfcS
300 TO 1101
luu 65 0503
100 65 0699
100 70 036')
ICO 71 121*
20U 66 0139
20J 66 0141
200 66 0143
200 66 1112
100 66 069V
200 72 HOB
luO 72 0746
2oi) 64 4750
00 rS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAG
LAbURATURY-A.JIMALb WASTE HATtK FROH SIMIAN PHIMATE FACILITIES KEYHORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
LABORATORY-STUDIES AIH POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE UF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYM
LAbORATORY-STUUIES BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYHOROS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT
LABORATORY-TESTS THE MICRObIOLOGY OF BUILT OP POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATOR
LAaORATORY-TEbTS THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT OP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOL05Y BACTERIA FARM-HASTES
LABORATORY-TESTS,! ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SHINE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS,TEMPERATURE SLUO
LASORATURY-TL'STS IUENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES UF H- 1,1-U1METHYIPKOPYNL -3.i-UICH10ROBEN2ANINE IN RAT A
LABORATORY-TESTS CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIUUES KEYWORDS LAGUONS COD BOO ACTIVATEO-SLUOCE RUNOFF A
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS OEWATfRINO E
DESTRUCTION OK CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY HtAT-bALANCE SOLID-FUEL
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTEKIA FARM-HASTES
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE (IN THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RONOFF KEYWORDS
RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC
LASOONING OF LIVESTOCK HASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYUROPOH1C CULTURE AND THEIR'ABILITY TO A
THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU
AEKOblC DIGESTION OF SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON 0*I CATIUN-OITCH
REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK HASTES WITH IN-THE-8UILDING OXIDATION Oil
TREATMENT Of FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGUON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES
REDUCTION UF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY UlOLOGICAL OEN1TRIFICA
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LAHS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISL
FEEOLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS OCGR DUST NITROGEN LAGUON tVAP
LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLUT WASTES KEVWUROS RUNUFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO
MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLEH-1RRIGAT
DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION BY USE 0
BOO ANALYSIS CF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED 8V FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBI
WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOD COLIFORM FISHK
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK UF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KCYMOR
USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REOUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOW
LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
CATTLE FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON PONC FOB
LABOR FREE MANOKE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGUON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI
DAIRY-SET-UP FOR 200 COHS KEYWORDS LACOON COSTS FKEE-STALL-HOUSINC EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON
THE INFLUENCE OF F6ED ADDITIVES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SHINE MAS
HOG-HASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS OUOR BOU COO E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA
TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWOHUS BIOUEGRADATION ALCAE BOO ANAEROBIC-DI
LASOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY. DAIRY SWINE BOO ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF
TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-WASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYHORDS BOO COO ANAER06IC-OIGESTIO
LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SHINE WASTE KEVHORDS FARMHASTES HASTE
ANAERObIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYHORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION BOD COO NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC-DIG
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOO COO ODORS EQUIPMENT L
CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SHINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF HASTE DISPOSAL K
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGUON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYHCRDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD I •
POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEDLOT OPtKATIUNS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR HATER-POLLUTION
SOME EFFECTS UF ORGANIC HASTES ON AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED HABITATS KEYHOHOS LAGO
LAGUONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYHORDS WASTE-WATEK-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO .
SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS KEYHOROS DOOR SULFUR-BACTERIA LAGOONS
ANIMAL-HASTES KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT POLLUTION-ABATEMENT DISPOSAL TREATMENT LAGOONS POLL
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT HASTE KEYHORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC
MACERATION FOR DISPOSAL CF HEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EOU1PM
HEUU1REMENTS FOR MICRODIAL REDUCTION UF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYHOROS LAGOONS DOOR BIOD
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGCONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS COD BOU TEMP
CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COO BCD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF A
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR
STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL HASTES IN THE PROVI
DISPOSAL OF'DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS ANU IRRIGATION KEYWORDS SOU COO OX
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF HATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION
fEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHCW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLL FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS
UUALITY OF EFFLUENT FRUM SHINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-HATERS DISCHARGE LAGO
MICRUblOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILISATION PONO KEYWORDS BIULCGICAL-TREATMtNT MICROBIOLOGY 0
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS It SOUTH DAKOTA KEYHORDS LAGOONS
FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITEu-KINGUUM SLURRIES dOD CUD DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT
THE PROBLEM 0V THE FARC ANIMAL HEALTH KEYHOHOS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGUONS SLURRIE
BUILDING DESIGN KEYHOROS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES UISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEY.OKOS DOOR SLUSHIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COD OXID
HASTE-DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION, POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDER1NG-KLAHT ODORS SEHAG
METHODS OF SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA
THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ACKINISTRAT
LIUUlC HASTE TREATMENT II OXIDATION PONDS AND AERATED LAGOONS KEYWORDS »EROttIC-TREATM
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOH CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FRCM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE ANU RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE* PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT
MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEECLCT HASTES KEYHORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOUNS RUNOFF
ANIMAL HASTE UISPOSAL bECOMES A MCRE DIFFICULT PRUBLEM KEYHOHDS ODOR GASES LAGOONS ME
IMPLICATIONS flF HATER QUALITY LAHS FOR THE FEtOLOT INDUSTRY KEYHOROS CONTROL POLLUTION-
DISPOSAL UF LIOUIO HASTES FROM PARLORS ANU MILK HOUSES KtYWOrfD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPM
THE MISSOURI APPROACH TO AMMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LAGOONS DESIGN IRRIGATION M
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION MA
PERIUCID1TV OF THE BLUE-ORtEN-ALGAE AND THEIK EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANUHE-DISPOS
PRINCIPLES OF FEEOLOT ODOR CONTROL KEVHORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEEO-LOIS FARM-HASTES AEROBIC
SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT UUOR SPRAY
UNDER-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS
DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES DAISY LAGOUNS RUNOFF FERTILISER DISPU
LIQUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TC ANOTHER KCYHUfcDS AUUIFER CATTLE FARM-HASTES FEEO-L
NEH ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
THE PRICE TAG TU STOP FEEDLCT RUN OFF KEYHORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-OISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS AND FIELD-SPREAD MANURE AS SOURCES C^ HULLUTANTS KEYWOKC.S POLLU
MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE CF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYHORCS DISPOSAL N
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYwO«US COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT
LAGOONS HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYHCRCS FAKM-JASTo SEWAGE WASTE-OISPOSAL IRRIG
LAGOONS DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FRCM ANAERC8IC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-.ASIES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
LABORATORY-TESTS
LAHQRATURY-TEST
LAUOKATORY-TESTS
LACTOftACILLUS
LAGGONS
LAGOON
LAGUUN
LAGOCN
LAGUON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOUN
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOUN
LAGOON
LAGUON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOON
LAGOONING
LAGOONING
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGUONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGUONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
126
-------
6UO 73 1065
7l/0 7U 1066
7l/00 73 1063
Mull 70 1195
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
luO 62 0292
10U 71 0756
21/0 70 1050
kOO 68 0724
200 72 1029
buO 71 0100
ICO 70 0083
100 71 0450
100 71 1228
200 69 0179
2uO 69 0200
200 69 0201
200 69 0521
200 70 0114
200 70 0324
300 71 0319
100 70 1037
100 70 0510
100 70 0458
100 73 1184
200 71 0605
200 71 0642
200 69 0200
200 69 0528
200 69 0535
200 70 0243
200 71 1096
200 72 1108
100 63 1064
LOO 70 1090
100 71 1092
100 73 1165
200 70 0716
200 71 0852
100 65 1091
300 71 OSIS
200 70 0240
300 70 0181
200 71 0593
200 71 0594
200 71 0595
200 71 0596
ZOO 71 0597
200 71 0599
200 71 0600
200 71 0601
200 71 0602
300 71 0584
iOO 71 0440
300 70 0073
200 71 0788
200 69 0187
100 64 0)71
200 66 0129
100 *S 0381
100 66 1080
100 67 0076
100 TO 1233
100 71 1039
100 71 1197
200 69 0429
200 71 0826
200 71 0830
200 71 0654
2uO 71 0856
200 71 0897
300 1077
300 70 1036
300 71 1107
400 73 1168
500 70 0393
500 71 1072
600 69 1239
7UO 71 1120
400 73 1168
300 71 1261
100 69 0095
100 70 1194
200 66 0150
200 70 0240
200 71 0664
LASUONS
LAIDUNi
LAUUO.'JS
LAGOON-UESIGN
LAGUUN-EFFLUENT
LAUOON-FFEDINC
LAGOON-FLORA
LAGOON-OPERATION
LAG-TIKE
LAKE
LAKES
LAKES
LAKES
LAKES
LAKES
LAKES
LAKt-ERIE
LAKE-EUTROPHICATiO
LAKE-EUTROPHICAT1J
LAND
LAND
LANO
LANDFILLS
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPLIC4TIUN
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-OlSPOStU
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL .
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-MANAGEMENT
LAND-NEEDED
UNO-REQUIREMENTS
LAND-SPREADING
LAND-SPREADING
LAND-SPREADING
LAND-USE
LAND-USE
LAND-USE
LAND-USE
LAND-USE
LANO-USE
LARVAE
LARVAE
LARVAE
LARVAE
LARVAE
MARVAE
LARVAL-MORTALITY
LARVICID6S
LAN
LAW
LAMS
LANS
LAWS
LANS
LAMS
LAWS
LAMS
LANS
LAMS
LAMS
LAMSUITS
LAWSUITS
LAM-SUITS
LAYER
LAVERS
LAYING-BIRDS
LAYOUT
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHINC
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEAKAGE
LEAST-COST-SHIPMEN
LEAST-SQUAHES
LEE-RI
LEGAL
LEGAL
LEGAL
KEYWORD INDEX
S"INE L*000>l EFFLUE,1T OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
=^
^
-
s c A- E ,
.»™T
P,,in-??I
°S
n cnrc RUNOFF KSYWCRUS LAKES MATER-QUALITY TEXAS
L«F ««nnv ^?Ci6TJ F0" *PPLI" BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS MATER-POL
ANN~UA Swiwt SB A?TI£?T?i2°S T?0"05 EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS MATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
.GSJcuLruRLA^^r!oS"^NT KE*NGR°S "HO'OWNTMH.S HATER-SoLLUHUN N ?R.T S RwMTM
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF HATER BOOIES KEYWORUS MATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOiPHO
lwl?tl0!";ii^,S»*!D,°N "'^FORMATIONS OF SOU NITSScS^lIiSoj SlIRIFIMTlSS sS?L-N?
»GR?CUL?URAL SNH «S[2!?.UN M°V6"e"T °f N'T«»TE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS
HANDLING Jin ,,t«n?RA nA6E tr° """" P°L1-urIt">l """OROS KUNOFF bOO DISEASE LANO DRAIN
«r «t S .S*ITL£ f"OLOT "*STE KEYWORDS CH*RACTE*ISTICS LANO ANAEROBIC
«n,,»«ie? ° ENYIRONM6NTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
«?vin!^!NTS F°R UISPOS»I- °F "-"H"" »*NURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN
L «tF ntr?n °S°S FAR"-"»"" CHOP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKEIING MAS
B«n,,,f nI»lrtn'SN/OR P01-LUTION ABATEMENT KEYHORDS LAND-APPLICATION RUNOFF PER
* PERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE
I" SOILS *ND WOUND-MATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL Of DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD
THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP
H*T" POLLUTIDN CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTtS IN 1HE PROV1
""'-TRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT
VARIOIJS L»NO DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F
TION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASf-FL
« , 0 f»TER-POLLUTION AIR-POUUTION ECONOMICS CO
n ""'CULTURAL-WASTES - CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES KEYWORDS RESEARCH-NEE
lrSJ?r$. ,L;SIcSteHS »«OBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LANO-BISP
««6!'SUrTVRE IHE PI(OBLEHJ *W T"E EFFfcCT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
?«5? 5K c M*NU*E CHALLENGES. WASTE DISPOSAL MEtHOOS KEYWORDS COSTS FER
I*Ec *N4E«cilIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA
oi E !" 'N "*"*" KETI<0'"'S FARM.MASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL MASTE-T
««UT1S? ^EY((OI»OS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GROUNOWATER-FERTILITY SOIL-
ern«nrt nl1^ "'«' P"-ES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS MATER-
2SSi L2Jn « ."*NU*E "'S1""*1- KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT
HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS ODOR LAND-USE GOALS POPULATION
•«f JMSnPf?"Lf"S "" "I-WTH-COUNTY KEYWORDS ZONING LANO-USE REGULATION HATER-POL
elr M«i?Sr Srol?, ? 5TE Pf(0f"-EMS «»*UULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGBNIC-BACTERIA BORON
.Pnnhrli?\ FREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS L
UTIN LEGH *SI>ECTS » -
ECTS «»«>RDS LAW LeGAt-PROCEOURE REGULATION
KEYNORDS STATUTES LAMS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEG1SL
-M^iM*L N*SI6S «TWORDS LAWS PERMITS ODOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA
,?{?! 5 !? C E SNV1RUNMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E
ST"*S STAT6 LANS KEVh0ltOS RU"0" REGULATION FEEOIOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA
"«l»l«NG 10 LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN ANOMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF
n,un£EN!,.L, V"T"" FEEOLOT, WASTE CONTROL. PROGRESS-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG
°^*HDMA "HVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES
I?«?ti;,i; !r,,''?i''U"ON CO"TR01- "O'^AHON IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULA
'* «Ii* T " '" AN""L "SIE """AGEMENT KEYHORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT V
«,PER!AINI"G I0 LIV«TOCK FEEULOr DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K
«ERIJ! M^«CTE2VIRUc''E"'TAL """"-ATIONS IN PORK-CROOUCTION KEYWORDS NUI
LAnM p«^IVe^E M E "'SSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS DOOR NOISE LAMSUITS OAMA
LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-A
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LI 1(1 ID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
"° * "
-Q
» pnnr *"'" "' ™ hASI6 «>ISPOS»L KEYWORDS POULTR.Y ODOR CLAYS CO
nHDnM«n* ?^i?l^'T?,/E1"ORDS "'DAIION-DITCH EFFLUENT BOO LININGS SECOND
lB £S ?,? « ? NATURAL WATER-A HEV1EW KEY.OROS NlfKOGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
NITRATE AMO OTHER HATEM POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NITRATES WATER-
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUt IDN-SOuSc
NUTS!^,sLisJIRLA!:S °RA!?,IN? -°OBLANO ANO F»R""»" «« MM"?« S"S K^LORD? $cu c
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LANC KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
CONTRlauTION OF FEAT1LI/6KS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORD^ T^TKOP^CATION EROSlSS NITRuG
CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE
FATE Of INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LANO-PISPOSEO MNUKES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURAUO SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT RfSo
GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAI*Y WASTES KEYWoSo JfSnP
NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL KEYWORD M^-WAMES sSlL ML \£
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED MTH LARGE AMOUNTS Of AMIMA^ Ll«-B«
a « r H S?
^
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS
A
ESw* S«K?IS ^"SSrS'.s^^.a sr^ju."^^ .KSSS* t
ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ANU AGRICULTUKAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE
127
-------
0788
1019
JjJ 46 120'
500 70 0408
tUO 71 07S9
100 05 0470
lou 69 1042
100 70 0228
100 70 1217
100 71 1228
.£00 68 1186
200 69 0157
200 69 0159
2jO 69 0163
2uO 69 0426
200 69 0431
200 69 0756
2,/j 70 0235
200 70 1050
203 7L 0591)
^00 71 0609
200 71
iuO 72
300 1105
300 26 1204
300 30 1205
300 46 1206
300 67 1249
300 68 1202
300 68 1209
300 69 1061
300 70 1192
300 70 1201
300 70 1247
300 71 0301
300 71 0704
300 71 1055
300 71 1056
300 71 1107
300 72 1157
400 65 0485
400 70 0068
400 70 1133
400 71 1137
400 71 1196
400 72 1166
300 69 0001
300 70 0383
100 69 0037
100 70 0084
100 71 0454
200 69 0157
200 69 0181
200 69 0423
200 69 0426
200 69 0432
200 69 0533
200 69 0544
200 69 0545
200 69 0546
200 69 0551
200 69 0552
200 69 0555
200 69 0558
200 69 0562
200 69 0563
200 69 0566
200 70 0114
200 70 0225
200 70 0236
200 70 0239
200 70 0241
200 70 0320
200 70 1050
200 71 0284
200 71 0285
200 71 0593
200 71 OS44
300 1105
300 53 1206
300 69 1061
300 70 0385
300 70 1192
300 7U 1201
300 70 1247
300 71 0457
3UO 71 0584
300 71 1107
300 71 12*6
1UO 70 1037
300 65 0739
200 71 1234
100 73 1128
200 71 0836
100 64 1200
300 70 1104
300 69 0007
100 68 0036
200 71 0440
iOO 71 0740
300 71 12*5
200 71 0851
LE3AL
LEiAL
LEGAL-ASPECT
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEliAL-ASPCCTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-IMPLICATIONS
LEGAL-PROCEDURE
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGISLATION
LEGUMES
LEGUMES
LEMNA
LEMNACEAE
LEPTCSPIRES
LEPTODORIOAE
LEPTOSPIRA
LETHAL-SITUATIONS
LEUCOSIS
LICENSING
LIGHT-INTENSITY
LIGHT-PENETRATION
LIGNINS
KEYWORD INDEX
FAIRES V DUPRL'E MATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-HASTES
LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES S.ILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N
ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DUALITY STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS
CONTROLLING OUOKS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTi AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG
THC PKOULEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN HATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-HASTES
RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN FRINGE KEYWORDS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT
APPLYING UACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATIQN
ALTERNATIVES FOK THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES OISP
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION—NOH AND IN THE YEARS AHEAD KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS OESIGN-STA
EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FCR TREATMENT OF AMMAL HASTES
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLCI HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-OUAL
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION
SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS DOOR TREATMENT FAC
UHIG1NS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK
THF LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
MODEL STATE STATOTE FOR ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL KEYHUROS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI
REGOLATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY HASTES KEYHORDS REUSE REGULATION
LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK ANO POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-*
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
RULE ANO REGULATION FUR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTL1NG STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPEH RIPARIAN HOC FARM KEYWORDS
SUMNEfl V OUELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING HATER BY CATTLE KEYHORDS
GKEEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TC ENJOIN SEHAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIHALS
OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF 1NSECUCI
ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OHNERS JOINT LIA81LI
RULES FOR CONFINED' FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYHORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
STATE AGENCIES REGULATING CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULATION FEOE
PLANNING ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVERNMENT-ACENC
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USER
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO
HATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN N
POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-
POSSIBLE DEFENSES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POULTRY NUISANCE
POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION HASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING
REGISTRATION IS REOUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
HOH MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYHORDS ANIMAL-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBI
PORK PRODUCERS ANO POLLUTION LEGAL ASPECTS KEYWORDS LAW LEGAL-PROCEDURE REGULATION
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS HATER-QUALITY-ACT BOO PHOSP
FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE OF THE ODOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED LIQUID POULTRY MANURE
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISLATION
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHOROS BOD COO 00 PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION C
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESICN-0
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-QUAL,
AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI
THE REGULATORY RDLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL-RESOURCES KEYHOROS LEGISLATION POLIU
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION HI
HOH TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO
THE KANSAS ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA
MINNESOTA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULAT
STATUS,PLANS,!. NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DA
STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS
COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, ANO NEEDS fOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOIOT POLLUTION C
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEOLOT REGULATION .KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN
DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM KEYHORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION
SWINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO
LEGAL-RESTRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYHOROS ODORS HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES
ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK
FARM HASTES PUULIC HEALTH ANO NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATE
SEHERS ANO SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYHOROS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACT IVATED-SLUOGE CAP
AGRICULTURAL-HASTES IN AN URBAN-ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARC
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYHOROS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS
POLLUTION-CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO SHOULD MAKE THEM KEYWORDS INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS LEGISLA
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHOROS STATUTES LAHS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISL
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK ANO POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD ADMINISTRATIVE AG
RULE ANO REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYHOROS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-HASTES L
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING TH6 PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEVW
IMPLICATIONS OF HATER DUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA MATES-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL HASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INOUSTRIAL-HASTfcS WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
DISPOSAL OF LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYHOROS AGRICULTURAL-C
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT UN THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
NITRATE AND WATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NIIRATE
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS
USE Of DUCKWEED FOR HASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TR
SURVIVAL ANO DETECTION UF LEPTOSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD PATHOGEN!
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAUOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHHAITE
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY
SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-GASES FROM STORED SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYHORDS ODORS CARDQ
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE UF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE Of MAREK S
LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TC ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK-PROOUCTION KEYWORDS NUI
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE
EFFECTS OF FEEDLUT RUNOFF ON HATER QUALITY OF 1MPOUNOMENTS KCVWORUS RESERVOIR FISHFUL
NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED ANO CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS
128
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
300 71 1061
100 62 1220
100 68 044Z
lUJ 70 0048
30j 71 1056
100 68 0381
200 64 1241
50'J 71 1254
100 58 0580
10J 59 0459
100 65 036o
ICO 68 0442
1^0 70 006S
200 71 0665
W"»ON KEYWORDS LTouIo MANURE H?o5esf
OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWOROS SLUDGE ODOR DISPJSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC
,T,rRESS °°°™ IN "MID ™ MANURE «V«SDS L Se CHLoIlM ODOR
!T-nr«BLeMS "E™0"05 POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION
«ol TT™ ,?°CERN D*Iltr FA*M "YWROS CATTLE SOU-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPTIC-T
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIQUID AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS B IOOEGRADATION NITRIFIC
SUBSURF!^Dn,«n^rLW4IER "^OVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING p5oSp5»TE "S^mSsM "iSi
AFBATRnS E,?iSn?o r °? LIUUI° MANURE KEYW°R° WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA
AERATION KITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIOUID SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS K
"" " ^
CAGED
nr
,.«
*
PANT
«r
fnp *S
»??„•«»,
M4N*Ge«NT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TRE
°IL KEYWOROS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES ACRICULTU
BYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIQUID-HANDLING SHUO MOISTURE-
"ITH OXIOATI°N DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
O-fUKROW-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES L
L'OUI° M*NU"E SVSTEM« f°* FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST
HANOLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-BISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA
DIGESTI°N FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
n ov1-6 S°UDS FROM OUTD°OR BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWOROS
=n«oT?cI*Y ANURE HANDLING S^TEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-UISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA
£5?,, ,RJ n 4N'MAL MiNlJRES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP
«En*nV l?c=°F LI«UI0-M»NUR6 DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYHOR
E OTR S^i IY HYORQI-°GY KEYWOROS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQ
PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUT IONS KEYWORDS WATER-
? n*TE SYSTEH F°R * L4R5E-SC»'-E CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD
*^R!SIST*NCE IRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG
tn MM.C OS;HO"US FR°M "R'CUl-TURAL LAND KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
N,J?n?*2URnJ^™ENTS *ND "ROCSSSING OF ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-W
C* TRATIQNS 1N SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY BIOLOGICAL OENITRIFICA
E F°OD pR°CESSING INDUSTRY KEYWOROS LIOUIO-WASTES INDUSTRI
KET"ORDS LIQUID-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATME
°f LIVESTO« **»STES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY
PRQC£SS FOR ""LE HASTES KEYWOROS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT
. TANKS KEY"ORDS UeUlD-WASTES PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES
n««TOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIOUID AND MANURE KEYWORDS L
D po, np ,'7SmJ iA' KEY«°«DS LITERATURE LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES
llr. nA^n7^TSiE?T RECOVERY »N° UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA
«»A^u?Ifc°uAL?L«ATTLE FEEDLOT "ASTE KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC
DS« tl'^ln «NJ^M£NI KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIOATION-DIT
2 5*? KEYV(0RDS ODQR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES
on,^ I1VE'VALUE AND POTENT'AI- PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW
n. « .n?,^JRY °eEP UTTER "E^OR" CORYNEFORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER
M««nN« HM fuc «cIRI LITTER "»TW«»I-S-AN EXAMPLE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S
1 PO»I«>ILI?,ESL EREvim" SOD N P^'SoistuS -CO^TEN
L1TTEI> KEYWORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-G
CF FIVE LITTER ""ER I ALS-ABSTRACT KEYWOROS POULTRY
°F ESCMER'CHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALWORM CO
F BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS FUMIGATION BROILER LITTER
cA^.UTIER °N PR°°UCTION OF BROILERS KEYWORDS EFFECT LITTER
S FEED FOR RUM'N*NTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRITIVE-VA
FACTDRS ON-p°l"-TRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWOROS NITROGEN CARB
rur ERJIL'"TION USINC "DULTRY LITTER BYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
InC«'C*i CONCEPIIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS
ncSon,UITER °N TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0
in FM» 2^,,,^^* MANURE KEY"OROS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP
BAcA* ?n«?!R?LTAn^E,°F PEAN°T HULL ANO WODO SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEE-
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY HOUSES ANO ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY
'' EER" ''TGCA
THE
n* mc
MFf,,?S?iLnR
ON
THE
n
FOR TRIIIUH MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
AGRICIJLTUR»I. ACTIVITIES KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
D f«H l, uSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS OAIRY-CATTLE SLATTED-FLOORS OX
RECOVf OF HAfTP?,^ SArJ?cSfTA KEYWOI "0 DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
AGR cm?uRA* in^MiT^nS nRC »«LICV ON EUT«OPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
LOSSES OF SlT«SrFNl2n Sun«In» !°D'ES KEYNOROS "TER-POLLUT ION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
LIVESTOCK wil?i! IZ,^ , ^22^5, «OH 'W^IMH. LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
L I VtilUCK HA 5ft 5 -. ANNUAL LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS LITERATURE lIUFtTnfK FABM UACTCC
- ' Ss Ss? I
s
n KtYWORCs
THE MI^ESDTl ?rFMrM?!SrreSeUF ENVI RONMtNTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS tNVIRONMENTAL-SANI
STATE o7 OKllHOMricT XE?I« ,MEE.^2'' WASTE COI»IROl-. PROGRESS-PROBLEMS KEYWOROS REG
ispECT5 DF RFrlr, ^ , tN«AL "ASTE "AI«A"MENT KEYWOROS REGULATION STATUTES
AiPtCTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES
129
-------
200 72 1010
200 li 1011
200 72 1012
<-00 72 1013
200 72 101*
200 72 1020
200 72 1024
2UO 72 1021
300 49 1210
300 65 0739
300 60 1209
30U 69 1061
300 69 1125
300 70 1201
SOU 7U 1247
300 70 1248
300 71 0689
300 71 1106
300 71 1107
300 71 1246
300 72 1157
400 69 1225
400 70 1132
400 70 1U3
400 71 1136
400 73 1063
400 73 1178
600 69 1005
600 72 1002
700 69 1067
300 63 1239
100 65 1219
200 71 0566
200 72 1011
300 46 1208
300 69 1125
300 69 1125
300 71 1055
300 71 1238
300 71 1238
300 65 0053
100 67 0233
200 66 0127
200 69 0056
200 69 0163
200 66 0135
100 68 0087
100 70 0369
200 69 0167
200 70 0241
300 69 0002
300 70 0009
200 71 06li
:00 71 0594
200 71 0765
200 70 0054
300 69 0002
200 66 0117
100 69 0364
100 69 0679
200 66 0152
400 71 1135
100 71 1232
600 72 1154
300 71 1081
100 71 1212
200 70 1050
100 72 1215
100 70 0017
200 70 0215
100 70 1233
200 66 0438
400 73 1073
100 69 0714
300 65 0053
300 71 1245
100 68 1121
100 69 119B
200 70 0720
100 73 1190
300 72 1052
600 72 1071
100 70 1111
2uO 69 0560
100 60 0059
100 62 0499
100 70 0228
100 70 0678
100 71 0507
200 66 0115
200 66 0127
200 66 0130
200 68 0694
200 68 1186
200 68 1187
200 69 0055
200 69 0163
200 69 0185
200 69 0423
200 69 0425
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK-MANURE-C
LIVESTOCK-POISONIN
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTE-MA
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LI»ESTOCK-WASTE-DI
LIVESTOCK-HASTES-C
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTE
LIVESTOCK-HASTE
LOADERS
LOADING
LOADING
LOADING
LOADING-PARAMETER
LOADING-RATE
LOADING-RATES
LOADING-RATES
LOADING-RATES
LOADING-RATES
LOADING-RATES
LOADING-RATES
LOANS
LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS
LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS
LOCATING
LOCATION
LONG-ISLAND
LOSSES
LOSSES
LOSSES
LOTS
LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA
LOW-SULFUR-OIL
LUMBERING
LUMBERING
LUNGS
LYOPHILIZE
LYSIMETER
LYSIMETERS
LYSIMETERS
LYSIMETERS
MACCONKEY-BROTH
MACHINERY
MACROBENTHOS
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESUIM
MAINE
MAINTENANCE
MALLARD-DUCK
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
KEYWORD INDEX
PKOCEEUINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTfc MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDWATER R
KEGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS KESEARCH-ANO-OEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
POLLUTION OF AIR KATES AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-PCLLUT10N WATER-POLLUTION SOI
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-?
POLLUTION OF AIK WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION $01
WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYwOKCS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-hASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKEIING HAS
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
NITRATE AND WATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE
ATKINSON V HERINGTGN CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIA8ILI
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES I
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
LIVESTOCK INOUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS
WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEOLCTS KEYWORD NEBRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MA
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWOKDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV
THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYWORDS WASTE-OISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-WASTES
POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING
FtEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-W*
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS.WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
FACILITY DESIGN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CQNTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES
USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR BUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO
NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WATER
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOWATER R
GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-H
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-H
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAH 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAULIC-TRANSP
CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAULIC-TRANSP
FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EOUIPMENf OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
EFFLUENT-DUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGCONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO
CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY HASTES KEYWORDS
DESIGN PARAMETERS'FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION
TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWOKDS BOD LABORATORY TE
AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYWORDS BOD COD VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES RECRES
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWINE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS.TEMPERATURE SLUD
AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COO LOADlN
SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE DEPT
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES - TERMINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOO COD ODOR OXIDATION
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE
IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAWS PERMITS ODOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA
ROL6 OF STATE DEPARTMENTS CF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEVHQ
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS
SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE «EPT
DUCK-PROCESSING HASTE KE-YWOROS POULTRY DUCKS BOO COLIFCRMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PLA
LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPER
NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR
ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COO SCO COST NUTR
ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYHOROS
HASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABCRATCRY-ANIMALS WASTE-WAIER-TR6A
WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYHOROS FtEO-LOTS FARM-HASTES L
CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TC OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER OUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENV1RONMENTAL-SANI
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FOR bOMB CALORIMETRY KEYWORDS LYOPHILIZE
MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATEK LYSIMET6R PLOW-
LOSSES OF NITROOEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTIUN-SOURC
SOIL CHEMICAL CHANGES AMD INFILTRATION KATE REDUCTION UNDER SEWAGE SPREADING KEYWORDS
NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES IYS
EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYHOROS
FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON WATER QUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KtYHOROS RESERVOIR FISMFIU
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND HUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOHARE KEYWORDS
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY C4LCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNSSUIM IN SHEEP KEV
EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT ANU TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
POLYCHLORINATEO B1PHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLURINATED-HYOROCARBON-PESTIC10ES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
ANIMAL WASTE MANASEMENT-SUESTIONS,AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULAT
THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN
MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS OESICN-CRITEKIA SI
RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN FRINGE KEYWORDS OOCfe LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT
THE FUTURE OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REUSE OUOR POLLUTION FUTURE MANAS
ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT PULLUTION-ABATEMENT DISPOSAL TREATMENT LAGOONS POU
MANAGEMENT OF FAR1 ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING
DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLCh-FUKROW-COVER KEYWORDS COOK SLURRIES.FURROWS FLIES L
THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FtR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL Oh DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-«ANAGc
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
THE EFFECT OF FEEDi DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAIMFAIL-RUNUFF EUUIPMENT DESIGN-0
ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BCD CCD HCGS SwINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
130
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
2uJ 69 J*i6
, jn 69 0«i7
<00 69 0«2H
IUO 69 0530
2 69 054J
20>j 69 OS'.B
ifjO 69 055".
20J 69 0965
2uO 69 0566
200 69 OT96
20U 6V 1167
too 69 ua;
200 70 02*6
EN BeEF "EDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-HASTES
F »GRICULTUR»'. I" PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWO
n E CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWORDS SOVERNMENTS GROUNDWATER
RU?°FF T° IHPRO»E DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-I
? ATDESE" CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR DUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP
ANU«F - I" ™E M*N«EHENT OF ANIMAL HASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS
EA ??TrtEAO S"'NE FINISM"«G BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE
*N*SEHENT RESEARCH *£««« KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES
PROG»*M KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-OEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
AN° RUNOFF KEYWORDi FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
F*R"-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC
T " A R"E»«H REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AER08I
CQNFIMFMUT nn LA600N^FA« SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT
«i»re««5I?5«;.SP*CE REOUIREM6NtS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA
nt ?lSn«NI«iSS5 F"°M ST°RED SWINE "STES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS OOORS CARBO
Mur2Mr£* lc ,?EE2LOT "ASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF
ann *«« ?L o.=^EST°CK °F THE PLAINS STATES "ITM EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KEYHOR
OOORS, GASESi AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH
LivEST0«ESi^F(>2i^rTp2^?TUDV KEYWOROS CATT" °«O-LOTS°F.RM-W«?ES H|STE-D!US|A"RUN
FARM IS^r lllif 2JS!?« L5TU°IES • TERHINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOO COD ODOR OXIDATION
T^E M*«S*,p7 ««nl?2 ?n !"! KEYI
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
1221
1022
1024
200 71 0800
100 65 0331
500 68 1259
600 72 1156
3JO 72 1157
400 70 0070
300 72 1065
100 66 0036
300 71 1100
300 71 1100
200 72 1029
4CJ 66 0101
2UO 71 OSir
300 49 1210
400 71 0753
300 72 1170
100 70 0019
100 65 1091
200 69 0078
tOU 71 0496
300 69 0004
200 70 1113
200 71 0705
iW 71 0769
300 71 1058
600 72 1153
100 71 0509
400 65 0439
100 70 0065
200 69 0189
200 69 0194
2UO 71 0773
300 71 0672
300 71 0673
500 70 0409
600 72 1002
100 71
200 72
200 72
100 72 1224
100 69 0057
100 69 0096
100 71 1221
300 71 UOO
100 71 1216
100 70 0027
200 71 0669
100 65 1079
100 66 0422
100 73 1190
100 73 1263
200 64 1241
200 71 0705
100 69 0690
100 71 0303
100 64 0072
300 69 0004
100 67 0448
100 69 0057
200 69 0164
200 70 0252
'300 69 0007
,300 69 0635
300 69 0735
300 71 0672
200 71 0655
300 70 0487
200 69 0429
100 65 1219
100 69 0690
100 69 0707
100 70 0017
100 70 0026
100 71 0441
100 71 0462
100 71 0571
100 71 0573
200 66 0122
200 69 0172
200 70 0226
200 71 0800
100 72 1199
100 72 1222
100 69 0707
100 72 1199
100 72 1222
300 71 1100
100 73 1155
200 66 0150
1OO 70 1237
200 71 0286
300 70 0207
300 71 0622
300 72 1182
500 71 1254
200 69 0676
200 71 0797
300 69 0300
300 70 0414
400 71 0305
MANURE-PUMP MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING IHE ABILITY TO PUMP SEX1-LIOUIO AND MANURE KEYWORDS I
MANURE-SCRAPER DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES REC1RCULATED-H
MAMUKE-STADILUATI HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STA6ILUATIO
MANURE-STACKING SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
MANUKE-UTILIZATION CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
MANURE-VALUE SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERT1ES SOIL-SURVEYS f
MANURE-WASTES CHARACTERISTICS Of RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEf CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS
MAXEK OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S
HAKINE DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
MARINE-ANIMALS DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DU1CH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
MARKETING CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS
MARKETING MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROMT PR
MARKET-VALUE MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALU
MARKET-VALUE MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION UF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
MARKET-VALUE MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND SOLD AT A PROFIT KEYWORD FEEOLOT CATTLE MARKET-VALUE MAST
MARYLAND POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE HASTtS KEYWORDS
MASKING-AGENTS CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST ODOR-PANEL MASK ING-AGENTS D
MASSACHUSETTS TUXICITY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
MASS-TRANSFER OXYCENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K
MASS-TRANSFER DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
MATERIALS CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCED-C
MATHEMATICAL-MOOEL AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-HAS
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY HITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATMEMATI
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS COMPUTER-MOO
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS
MATTER THE METAL COMPLEXING CAPACITY AND THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING UGANDS OF HATER EXTRACT
MATTER THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC
MEASURE AGRICULTURE POSES HASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION
MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO
MEASUREMENT TYPICAL VARIATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND OF ANIMAL HASTES KE
MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASiTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS KEVHORDS FEED
MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY GAS CHKOMATOGRAPHY KEYWORDS AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE METH
MEASUREMENT OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE ODORS KEYHORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE
MEASUREMENT ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS HATER-OUAL1TY COSTS BENEFITS DUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M
MEASUREMENT USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR KEGULA
MEAT DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION C FLAMELESS
MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEAR RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEAR HASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYHORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NE6RASK
MEMBRANES FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE HATER
MENACE THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM
MERCAPTANS IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINEMENT SHINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEVHORDS ODOR ORCA
MERCURY DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLAMELESS
MERCURV DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
METABOLIC-PATHWAYS IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES OF N- 1,1-OIHETMYIPROPYNL -3t 5-DICHIOROBENZAMINJE IN RAT A
METABOLIC-RESPONSE EFFECT OF STRESS ON SHINE HEAT AND COLO EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANHMANDEL1C ACID
METABOLIC-WASTES ANIMAL AND HUMAN METABOLIC HASTES' KEYWORDS BOD PE METABOLIC-HASTES
METABOLISM UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS Of POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
METABOLISM PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL AND MOOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYHORDS FEE
METABOLISM NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESUIM IN SHEEP KEY
METABOLISM CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY HATER RESTRIC
METABOLISM PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUHEN PRCTOZOA KEYHORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
METABOLISM A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF 8EEF ANIMALS-A REALITY HITH POTENTIAL KEYHOROS MATHEMATI
METABOLISM-CAGE AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T
METABOLITES METABOLIC FATE OF UBIOUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL
METABOLI2ABLE-ENER A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS HHEAT SORGUUM NIT
METAL CONFINEMENT SHINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-fACT SHEET KEYHORDS MATERIALS RE INjFORCEO-C
METHANE INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN
METHANE THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYHORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM
METHANE SHINE HASTES. CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B
METHANE ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM HASTES KEYHORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH
METHANE SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-GASES FROM STORED SHINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS OOORS CARBO
METHANE GASES AND ODORS FROM UNDILUTED AND DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR-STRENGTH METHA
METHANE SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND. KEYWORD SETTLING-
METHANE MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY SAS CHROMATOGRAPHY KEYHORDS AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE METM
METHANE-BACTERIA ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS METHANE-BACTERIA FARM-LAGOONS AN
METHANOL NITRATE-REMOVAL FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTEHATER KEYWORDS ALGAE CALIFORNIA DENITRIFICAT10N
METHEMOGLOBIN CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT ION EROSION NITROC
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
METHOD AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T
METHOD A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODOU KEYHOROS
METHOD AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FOR BOMB CACORIMETRY KEYHOROS LYOPHILUE
METHOD A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT
METHOD METHODS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF CHROMIC OXIDE IN BOVINE FEC
METHOD NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY USING FECAL COLLECTION APPARATUS AND INDICATOR METHOD FOR STEERS
METHOD EFFECT OF METHOD OF MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELDS) NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES
METHOD METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEABLE SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEVHORDS
METHOD METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-HASTE MATERIAL KEYHOROS ODOR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO
METHOD SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOH-FURROH-COVER METHOD
METHOD A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC
METHOD MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIQUID AND MANURE KEYHORDS L
METHODOLOGY IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
METHODOLOGY PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYHORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC*
METHOGEN A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYHORDS
METHOLCLOGY IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCL1NE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC-
METHOL-VALIOATION PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC*
METHYL-MERCURY DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
HETHYL-PENTOSE THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
METROPOLITAN-AREAS PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
MICHIGAN POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL-BENEFITS FROM URBAN POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMEN
MICHIGAN THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF CORN KEYWORDS CHEM1C
MICHIGAN EARLY EXPERIMENTS AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYW
MICHIGAN BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING HET AND DRIED POULTRY FECES KEYWORDS
MICROAEROPHILIC-VI ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
MICROBIAL CHEMICAL AND MlCROBIAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR
MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYHOROS FEED »1CRU
MICROBUL WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES HITH EMPHASIS UN BEEF CATTLE KEYHOR
MICROBIAL THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOH
MICROBIAL RETARDING EFFECT OF DESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS
132
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iibO 71 1072
203 71 0809
200 71 1096
100 73 1034
tul) li 1076
200 72 1023
1UJ 65 0501
100 65 0699
200 69 1102
tOO 71 0794
300 71 0692
2UO 72 1021
200 69 0173
luu 55 0328
100 69 0360
1UO 70 0094
100 70 0362
100 71 1213
200 66 0196
200,69 1102
2UO 71 0785
200 71 0795
200 71 0796
200 71 0797
200 71 08*5
200 71 1099
300 68 1043
300 71 1126
400 70 0097
500 70 0393
1500 70 0400
500 70 0401
200 64 1240
700 71 1120
100 64 1200
100 59 0459
ZOO 71 0779
100 70 1090
100 72 1199
200 64 1240
,300 71 1100
|100 66 1229
100 71 1221
100 72 1199
100 65 1219
200 69 0196
100 69 0037
700 72 1049
200 70 1050
300 71 1096
200 69 0544
200 69 1116
200 71 0599
200 72 1017
300 69 1125
300 71 1058
200 69 0158
600 71 0286
200 69 0554
200 72 1017
200 73 1189
300 65 0739
300 70 0073
300 70 0383
300 71 0590
300 71 1107
400 65 1127
4UO 65 1141
400 72 1179
300 71 1246
200 71 02T7
100 70 0421
100 69 0095
200 70 0252
200 70 1113
400 64 0335
400 71 0349
!00 66 0152
200 69 0166
200 71 0781
100 70 07J8
200 66 0119
100 69 0095
100 70 1233
200 71 0705
200 71 0791
200 71 0799
300 71 1055
300 71 1056
300 71 1058
600 71 0494
200 70 0241
100 64 0333
100 65 0503
10O 67 0041
100 69 0040
200 69 0196
400 70 0091
400 70 0577
'600 72 1031
MICROBIAL-COMPOSIT
KICROBIAL-DEGRAOAT
MICROBIAL-DISPOSAL
MICROBIAL-CKOMTH
MICROUIAL-ORGANISM
MICKOBIAL-PROPERTl
MICROBIOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY
MICROFLORA
MICROFLORA
M1CRUNUTRIENTS
MICRONUTK1ENT-OEFI
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICRO-ORGANISMS
MIODLESEX-COUNTY-N
MIDGES
MIOWEST
MIDWEST
MILK
MILK
MILK
MILK
MILKING-PARLOR
MILK-POULTRY
MILK-PRODUCTS
MINERALIZATION
MINERALOGY
MINIMUM-REMOVAL-EF
MINIMUM-TILLAGE
MINING
MINK
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MISCONCEPTION
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI-RIVER
MIS-USE
MITE-PRECATION
MIXED-LIQUOR
MIXING
MIXING
MIXING
MIXING
MODEL
MODEL
MODEL
MODELING
MODELS
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MOGOEN-FORMULA
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
MOISTURE
lyalr
KEYWORD INDEX
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES SEHAGE WASJE-OISPUSA1
ENZYME FACILITATED MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOTMANURE KEYWORDS loo
TFri!!,m,;ESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYHOKDS CATTLE FEEDLOTS M
»'LIZATION *ND DISI>°SAL Of LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
r "tTE FOR CORRECTI°* °f ™ A»u FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANT!! KEYWORDS FER
,^ S,«l ETR«YCLINE FEEDING ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FIHMENTA
"n2 .'c*Il?N °F *N INDO°R SOULTRY-LAGUON KEYWORDS E-COLI BOD MICROORGANISM
S F0AER4TION °" THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MUTURES
nn« .r B*CTERIA IN FECES °f SNINE KEYWOROS MICROORGANISMS PATTERNS SWINE
r5«5?S?S? £2" 10ENTIF¥'NG MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTWIC-
COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWOROS LITTIRLIFE FECAL -MATERIAL HfAT-OF-C
EFFECT OF
MIIWTH
,nS!!
°
FIFn
FOK CATTLE "STES KEYWORDS LIOUID-WASTES PHDSPHAT
RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG
RUM1NANT FK°M NOM-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE 0
«™ !" 8ACTEKIA "» SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWOROS FEED MICRO
wf n«eS?e « « LE KEyWORD RECYCLING ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY MICROORGANISMS NE
SUMMER CONFERENCE Of SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
i »RucA i?H *° A6IUCul-tul KEVXOROS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SAN1TARY-E
? c r * E *MHONn'M ANO NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE
N F°R MIBl« THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS
DETERMINATION OF OXYT6TRAC YCL I NE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
E COLIFORM wcw KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
25V2c I" SAMPLES F"OH ™£ °UTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWOROS MERCURY NEUTHO
S!*™6"1 °F Mll-KIIS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
RES AND TRENDS IN "'NNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W
HQ°EL T° PREDICI THE »0"- E OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA
^ROL KEYHOR°S WATER-OUALITY COST-BENEFIT-RATIO ENVIRONMEN
«TC Q)(IDATION POND EFFLUENT KEYWORDS MISSISSIPPI IRRIGATION OXI
A I^,MANAS!MENT "^O^S REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ADMINISTRA
^,' ALr|RF°RM*NCE KEY"ORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
SII OISPOS*L KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F
° F£RTILI2ERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE
»n °E ™E M1SSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS OAMA
«nnoA=S.?°LtUTION LEGAL *SPE"S KEYWORDS LAW LEGAL-PROCEDURE REGULATION
Sn?M,i,AP ?2 T ° ANIMAL WASTE NANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LAGOONS DESIGN IRRIGATION M
??ircl ? CuNTRaL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGR ICULTURAL-C
i c SUPPLIES KEYWOROS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS fARM-WASTES MISS
HUMANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-HELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS
J°P FEEOLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
rn ?* NT KEYWORBS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
ffff T< np «.S?,«ER2. KEYt"JROS PESTICIDES WATER-POLLUTION PANIC-POWER MIS-USE RESISTA
Bin nI?n?r,nA 2 APPLICATIONS AND MITE PREDATION ON CORN ROOTWORM POPULATIONS IN M1NNE
S? nc'SIJ" "" ™E Acrl VAT"-SLUOGE PROCESS KEYWOROS MODEL-STUDIES AN
Arn ™clr»c ^ARP WASTES KEYWORDS "CTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH
2S° TREATMENT °F LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWOROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
*,,,r SnS1-^5^ °F AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRI
G FOR MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL
° LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINES LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOO COST NUTR
u. m °XYGEN TR*NSFE* COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYWOROS EOUATION
ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOO DUCK AERA
»?n,Ekr^ F"OLOT POLI-UTION ' ANALOG SIMULATION KEYWORDS RUNOFF MODELING FEEDLOT
B OLOG CAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT
,Bi°:°;10ATION OF SWINE-WASTE BY THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES AN
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POUUT ON-SOURC
A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY WITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATHEMATI
METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF PALOOORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF LIVtST*CK WAS?°S KEYWORDS C
AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS KEYWORDS LIOUID-WASTES PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YCAK 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USE^
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF «ATER ALLOCATION KEYwS
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE CF SURFACE RUNOFF AN^ GRDUNDWA
A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILAHON SYSTEMS UPO* NH3 CO^CENT^AnONS IN
SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWOROS LEGISLATION OES1GN-CRI TEK1 A ACTIVATeo-sJuOM CAP
AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW MFTHnn «c
THE MICROBIULOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY MANURt KEYWORDS PH B.CU* A UKALlSlTV
THE EFFECTS OF FARMYARD MAKURE ON MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAIL ING IN A SANCY LOAM SOI
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION CF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITia" KEYWORDS NITRrirf r»
MOISTURE INCREASES MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ^0"" H?OROGEN-sSlFlSrCHKOMATOM
BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN MANUKE KEYWOROS DRYING POULTRY MOISTUKE CONTENT ODoS S?T*r^FN
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWOROS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCL NG FAR
T
»n ui«
AR
e«««
133
-------
KEYWOKO
I0j 6t 0371
100 65 037T
100 65 0691
1 j'j ba 0337
100 oS 0502
UJ 7u 0031
100 70 Ot>41
20k) 69 0163
iUO 69 0197
20J 70 0323
200 71 0703
2U1 71 0813
300 69 0633
Juvl 70 020S
3oO 71 0633
300 72 1264
400 70 0109
600 70 0080
600 72 1076
600 72 1169
60U 73 107*
600 72 126?
200 66 0141
100 71 0476
IUO 71 1212
200 69 0553
200 70 1175
200 73 1189
200 6* 1240
100 71 0*61
100 69 0374
100 70 1090
100 71 1092
200 69 0165
200 69 0187
500 68 1269
100 70 002t
200 72 1014
200 72 1017
200 72 1023
100 71 1212
100 71 0318
200 71 0854
500 70 0404
700 70 1256
200 66 0144
100 6* 03*3
*00 71 1139
100 71 0464
300 26 1204
100 68 0306
200 66 0140
200 73 1083
100 67 1218
200 68 1242
200 68 1242
200 66 1244
200 69 1117
200 69 1167
200 70 0717
200 73 1082
400 69 1225
200 69 0160
400 69 0419
100 70 0082
100 70 1090
100 71 1092
100 72 1199
100 72 1219
100 70 1111
300 70 1104
100 71 1212
100 64 0333
100 64 0474
IUO 6S 0377
100 66 0337
100 69 0061
100 70 0042
200 70 0214
200 70 0226
300 70 0475
400 70 0070
600 70 0254
600 70 0258
200 69 0169
200 70 1050
200 69 0158
300 67 12SO
200 70 1050
100 66 0506
100 71 0509
200 70 0235
100 72 1097
200 70 0224
200 72 1010
200 72 1011
200 72 1013
200 72 1014
200 72 1015
200 72 1017
MOISTURE-CONTtNT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
HOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENTS
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-DEFICIT
HOISTURE-OISTRIBUT
MOLD
MONTANA
MONTANA
MONTANA
MONTANA
MORPHOLOGY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY
HOSOUITOES
MOTILITY-FLASK
MOUNDING
MOUNDING
MOUNDING
MOUNTAINS
MOVEMENT
MOVEMENT
MOVEMENT
MOVEMENT
MPN
MUD
MUO
MUO-WATER-INTERFAC
MUNCI PAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL
MUNICIPAL
MUNICIPAL-REFUSE
MUNICIPAL-WASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTE-RE
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNINCIPAL-WASTES
MUSCA
MUSCA-DOMESTICA
MUSCA-OOMESTICA-L
MUSCA-DOMESriCA-L
MUSCLE
MUSCLE
MUSSELS
MYCOBACTERIUM
MYSTIC-WATERSHED
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NAOH
NATIONAL-ENVIRONME
NATIONAL-POLICY
NATIVE-GRASSES
NATURAL-RESOURCES
NATURE
NATURE
NATURE
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
NEOKASKA
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
THIN-SPKEAUING OF SLURRIEO-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS MOlSTURE-CnNTENT SOLIOS-PER
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND COUPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILISERS SOI
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-HASTES
A REVIEW OF POULTRY-HASTE-DISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BUD N P K HOISIUHE-CONTENT
MA.1URC-PRODUCTION OY BROILERS KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN
VOLITILI2AT10N AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FRUM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT
THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYHE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT
REMOVAL OF HATER FROM AMMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY COOR M01S TORE-CONTfcNT HEIGHT VO
AGKlCULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIOU10-HANOLING SHUD MOJSTURE-
FEECLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAM
THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING OF MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT UO
THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE
DRYING ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO
A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY OR E J BENNE KEYNO
PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC
SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS
FLOH PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL HASTE SLURRIES KEYUORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA
HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF 8EEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION CF A 8EEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM PCULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS OEHATER1NG E
THE MICROFLORA OF SOUTHERN OHIO POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FUNGUS PH BACTERIA MOLD POULTR
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON HATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEOIOTS KEYWORDS
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BRCILER LITTER KEYUORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-G
ARTHROPOD-PREDATORS OF IMMATURE OIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL
COUNAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS
EFFECT'OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILI2ATIO
A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
RUNOFF, SOLID WASTESi AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLCTS KEYWORDS COD BOD DO SOIL-C
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO
MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS WITH GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION 20NE-OF-
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYHOROS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAM1NAT
TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU
BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUO ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-HATER
HOW HEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE
RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS
OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STHEAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE BUR
DEWATERINC CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEWATERING VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD
CONTINUOUS SOLID HASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEVHORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPO
FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY HATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY-MANAGE
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC
HATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS"SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU
AGRICULTURAL HASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA
PROCESSING PLANT SANITATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD SEN
COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-HASTES COSTS
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV
EFFECTS OF HATER QUALITY STANDARDS GN THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES
DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM W
HOUSE FLY PUPAE AS FOOD FOR POULTRY KEYWORDS FEEDS NUTRIENTS MUSCA-DOMESTICA
COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYHOROS CHLORINATED-HYOROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTS
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTKOS-SIOLOGY
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON HATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYHORDS AERATION wlNOROW-METHOD PRE
PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG HASTES KEYHORDS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI
A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-CISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BUD N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT
SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIHORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYHORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC
RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COO FERTILIZERS
A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC
LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYHOROS 1RRIGATI
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEDLCT HASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB
GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES COD COMPOST
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYHORDS CATTLE
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY COST-BENEFIT-RATIQ ENVIRONNEN
DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYHORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOD COD FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE
THE METAL COMPLEXtNG CAPACITY AND THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING L1GANDS OF WATER EXTRACT
ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM HASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT, KEYWORDS
HYDROLOGIC-STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEDLQTS IN EASTERN NEB
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDHATER R
POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOI
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL Of LIVESTOCK WASTE KtVWOROS HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FAKM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
134
-------
i oil 12 101H
2JO 72 1019
200 n 1022
20U 11 1024
^i ^^ 1025
2uj 72 1029
30J 1105
300 71 06B9
3k/0 71 lUOh
4tO 71 1135
«uu 71 117".
0739
3uG 65 0757
300 67 0711
300 71 0099
500 70 0405
100 62 1220
100 67 0076
100 66 1121
100 69 1198
100 70 0049
100 70 1037
100 70 1041
100 70 1051
100 70 1195
100 70 1233
ICO 71 1038
100 71 1039
100 71 1197
100 71 1236
100 72 1097
100 72 1193
100 70 1237
2JO 69 0168
200 69 0174
tjj 69 0104
iuO 69 0462
200 69 0521
200 69 0534
200 69 0549
200 69 0696
200 70 0217
200 70 0670
200 70 OT27
200 71 0826
200 71 0830
200 71 1094
200 71 1099
200 71 1234
200 71 1252
200 72 1013
200 72 1014
200 72 1016
iOO 72 1020
200 72 1021
200 72 1108
300 1077
300 67 1290
300 68 1122
300 70 0414
300 70 0475
300 70 1059
300 71 0466
300 71 0639
300 71 1008
300 71 1106
300 71 1107
400 65 1127
400 65 1141
400 69 0016
400 70 1176
400 72 1166
400 73 1063
400 73 1073
.JEBRASKA
NEllRASK
NEORASK
NEoRASK
NEbRAbK
NEHRASK
NEURASK
NEBKASK
NEBRASK
NE6RASK
NtHRASK
NE6HASKA
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA-LIVESTOCK
NEEDS
NEIGHBORS
NEIGHBORS
NEIGHBORS
NEMATUDES
NETHERLANDS
NEUTRON-ACTIVATION
NEW
NEWTONIAN-FLUIDS
NEW-JERSEY
NEH-NEXICO
NEW-YORK
NEK-ZEALAND
NISHNABUTNA-HIVEK-
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATE
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
TITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
KEYWORD INDEX
EDUCATION ACTION AMD KEGULATCRY PROBLEMS UF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
RESEARCH NEEDS I-OR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT GF BttF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
HASTE-INDUCEO PROBLEMS UF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NE6RASK
CTHtR RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PRUTEINS RUNOFF FEEU-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CHOP-PRODUCT I UN LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS
RULE AMD REGULATION FOB THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
WASIE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEDLGTS KEYWORD NEbRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MA
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R
ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS
LIOUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TC ANOTHER KEYWORDS A6UIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEEO-L
NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEEO-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES
UO YUU HAVE TO MOVE EH UR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEEO-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WAST
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE KANAGEMENT KtYHORDS
AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWUROS POULTRY DISPOSAL DOOR COSTS DRYING EOU1PMEN
CONTROLLING ODORS FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG
AGRICULTURE-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EO.UIPMEN
LOCATING A POULTRY ENTERPRISE KEYWORDS NEIGHBORS EGGS
CATTLE MA.gUKE AS FEED FOR CATTLE KEYWORD RECYCLING ANIHAL-PATHOLOGY MICROORGANISMS NE
RtDUCTION OF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FARM OXIDATION VAT KEYWORDS AE
DETERMINATION UN MERCURY IN SAMPLES FRUM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE
FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHAitACTERISTICS SHEA
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALAND EFFLUENT
ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNOWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLOW-N
VQLITILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FRO* URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEOLOT
NITRATE ANL SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND-WATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EOUIPMENT DESIGN-D
GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND FLUCTUATIONS IN A SHALLOW UNCONFINED A8UIFER UNDER A LEVEL FEED
LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER WATE
THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION
NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS AND PLANT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATT
POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTROPHICATI
NITRATE AND WATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COO AMMONIA N
THE NITRATE HAZARD IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS HELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL
REMOVAL OF NITRATE BY AN ALGAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS REMOVAL NITRATE ALGAL-SYSTEM
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NITRATES WATER-
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITKATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AS
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POUUTION-SOURC
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-OUALITY TEXAS
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS SL
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS
CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON
THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER NITRA
TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT
WATER-UUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL
COLUMBIA-COUNTY PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT DOOR ZONING NITRATES PROGRAM
RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FRTJM CATTLE FEEDLOT
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-MATERS DISCHARGE LAGO
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE
CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE •
FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-WATERS
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND D1SPCSAL UF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLCTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES
DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW
LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS IRRIGATI
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GRCUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNOWATER FERTILIZATION
INFILTRATION RATES AND GROLNOWATER CUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOW
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWCHDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART A KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES MISS
NITRATES DANGER FOR HUCANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS
FERTILIZERS AND FEEOLOTS - WHAT RCL; IN GROUNUWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWCROS ANIMAL-fcASTbS WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NI1RATES
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTCS WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
AGRICULTURE ANT) ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCULATES FRCf MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS .NITRATES FARM-HASTES LYS
135
-------
4UO 1} 1168
5'JO 10 03*2
iOO TCI 039}
»0l! TO 0394
500 71 1072
t^J 64 123')
tua 72 116-)
700 69 1067
70J 71 112u
400 65 11*1
300 70 0010
3UO 70 1059
200 70 0720
200 71 1033
100 70 0021
100 70 0050
100 71 122C
2JO 69 0179
tUO 70 0223
200 70 0727
200 70 1115
200 71 0824
200 71 0627
200 71 063e
300 68 1122
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
400 71 0305
700 71 1120
200 71 OBU
100 72 1193
200 69 0184
200 69 0482
500 70 0392
500 70 0393
300 71 0512
100 63 033Q
100 64 0072
100 65 1079
100 65 1219
100 66 1080
100 67 0713
100 68 0044
100 68 0452
100 69 0071
100 69 0355
100 69 0364
100 69 0679
100 70 0049
100 70 0050
100 70 0367
100 70 0413
100 70 0456
100 70 1037
100 70 U94
100 70 1233
100 70 1251
100 71 0266
1UO 71 0318
100 71 0589
100 71 1039
100 71 1197
100 71 1214
100 72 0746
100 73 1069
100 73 1087
100 73 1155
100 73 1162
100 73 1184
200 64 0750
200 64 0759
200 66 0115
200 66 0120
200 66 0155
200 66 01S6
200 66 1112
200 68 0724
2UO 69 0162
200 69 0165
200 69 0170
200 69 0183
200 69 016S
200 69 0196
200 69 0199
200 69 0200
200 69 0429
200 69 0433
200 69 0521
200 69 1116
200 70 0222
200 70 0720
200 71 0608
200 71 0774
200 71 0775
200 71 0776
200 71 0777
200 71 0778
200 71 0782
200 71 OT84
200 71 0785
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRAIES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATE-CYANOSIS
MITRATE-MJVEMENT
NITRATE-MOVEMENT
NITRATE-POISUMNG
NITRIC-ACIO
NITRIHCATIOM
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRIFICATION
NITKIPICATIOT
NITRITES
NITRITES
NITRITES
NITRITES
NITRITES
NITRQFURANS
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
KEY.ORO INDEX
CALIFORNIA HASTE POMDS AHE PASSING THE TEST KEVMOKUS IRKIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING
SOUKCES-OF-NITKOGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-hATER INF
CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SCILS KEVhOROS NITRATES AMMUMUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING
FERTILIZER-MANAGEMENT FOR PULLUTI CN-CbNTRUL KEYWORDS NITRUGbl. PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-BASTES SEWAGE WASTE-OISPOSAL IRRIG
URA1N INSTALLATION FOR NITRATt REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NI Id AT
CRCP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUKE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
ANAL*1, li OF AUIHAL WASTE STORA .E •• .1: IANO DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEY.UrtuS FARM-WASTES ODOR W
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SUME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS. TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS
THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF. SOLID-WAST
N1TRATF ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNOHATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION
PKOttRESo REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KFYwORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAX
EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AERATION, AND SOIL PH ON SCIL NITROGtN TRANSFORMATIONS AN
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD I
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP
CHAN' ;S IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS A HO PLANT-GROWTH A{ AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CAM
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTfl.FRESH MATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS 06
CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS NA
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIOUII) AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS 61OOEGRADAT ION N1TRIF1C
A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE WATER RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR .REMOVING PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND OENITR1FICATI ON OF DAIRY CATTLE MA
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES F6RTIL
IN SOIL PROFILES AND UN TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYNURDS NITRIFICATION SUIL-NI
EFFECT uF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS
RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
THE ECONOMICS OF SHINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBIC-TRE
CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER HASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEK YORK STATE OAI«» FARMS KEYHOR
TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CUNOIT
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT
SOURCtS-OF-NITROGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDNATER SURFACE-WATER INF
CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SOILS KEYWORDS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING
FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS DIETS ANTIBIOTICS NITR
DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COO CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION.
A NOTE ON [HE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SCRGUUM NIT
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES SROUN
SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWCROS D COD CATTLE NITRO
THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORDS ' NITROGEN BARNYARD GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI
FARH-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COD HOLLAND AEROBIC-TREATMENT NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OXYGENATION
LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPER
NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLDI
NITROGEN AND AMINO ACIDS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND 0
VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS HASTE-TREATMENT DIG
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLIUTION-SOURC
AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPH1ES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER-
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUlU MANURE STORAGE TANKS
RUNOFF, SOLID WASTES. AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COD BOD 00 SOI.L-C
SOU MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN AMMONIA-VOLATILIZATION FEEDLOTS
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUC1N IN THE CASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES.IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONF1
STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEECLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO CHEMICA
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIUUID-W
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS SWINE COST BOD NITROGEN NlTROGEN-BALAN
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNG
GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORCS POULTRY CONFIN
THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT
THE VALUE OF HYDRQLYZEO AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORD
THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL Of POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARS
RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD
THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT
CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITROG
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF
WATER-QUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWOROS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAD!
THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWOROS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE FERTILIZATION NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITROGEN
MANAGEMENT OF BARNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWOROS SPRINKLER-I
TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY,
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS REMOVED FROM OUTDOOR,UNPAVEO, BEEF CATTLE FEEOL
FEEDLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR OUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP
LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO
MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM HASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGAT
A FARM SCALE DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE
A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FOR CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT
136
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600 71 &496
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NITROGEN
NITRJGEN
NITRUGFN
MTRUGfcN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
MITRUGEN
'(IMOGEN
Hi tRUGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NlTKUG£N
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
iVITROGEN
NlTRUGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN-BALANCE
KEYULML) 1NDE*
IHE UK RECUNCILIATIUN CF »C.r,E«
WATER AND SU1L lj*YGE''l DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK *,ASTtS KEYHCRDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN bOD
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYHOKDS MTROGErt INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS HATER-POLLUTION AMKON1A FAR
RE&TONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-HASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL
DEHYUKATEO POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PkOTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS
A FEEDER LUOKS «T ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f
NUTES ON HATER JOLLUTICN HASTE HATERS FROM FARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRRIGATION BDD
SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SHINE HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYHUROS PHYSICAL-CHEMIC
QUALITATIVL DETERMINATION CF THE UOCR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMATU
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYHOKDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
PLANT NUTRIENTS AMD ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS ENVIRONHEMAL-EFFECTS PU8LIC-HEALT
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GRCUNDHATER KEYHORDS NITRATES GROUNDHATER FERTILIZATION
INFILTRATION RATES AND GRCUMUWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTSi TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO DAIRY COWS KEYHOROS CATTLE DRYING AM1ND-ACIDS N1TR
LIVESTOCK HASTE DISPOSAL AND HATE* PO.LLUTIUN CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
CLOSER SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIKY-INDUST
UEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDHA
EFFECT OF ANIMAL HASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GHOUNDHATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYHUROS fARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN »
POLLUTION! LOADS IN PERCOLATE HATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SHINE HASTES KEYUDRDS
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS HATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-HASTES
THt DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN bUUT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC
AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYHORDS EUTHOPHICATION NU
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A CUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS HATER-KESQURCE-DEV
BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN
NEH DOUR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYHORUS DOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEEC-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
CHEMISTRY DF SEDIMENT IN HATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS WATER-POLLUTION CLAYS ORG
FERTILIZER-MANAGEMENT FOR POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYHORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATIDN KEYHORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA
EFFECTS OF SURFACE-RUNOFF ON THE FEASIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED HASTE-TREATMENT KEY
BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYHOROS COO 600 TS TVS PH DO TEMPERATURE
NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COLIFORMS RUN
DESORPT10N OF AMMOMA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYHOROS FARM-HASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A 'SOURCE DF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMI NO-AC IDS NITROGEN
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTES CMC CROPLAND KEYHORDS FA.«-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
WATER POLLUTION, BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYHOROS EFrLUENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SHINE HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAER06ICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CUNC
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT Of ANIMAL WASTES KEYHOROS SHINE COST BOD NITROGEN NITROGEN-BALAN
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS 01STRI BUT ION FERTILIZERS
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC*
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS HA
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNO
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS HICHOORGANISMS WATER-POL
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATi^.-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDHiTER SURFACE-HATERS
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAK ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WAT6R-POLLUTIO
NITROGEN-CYCLE
NITROGEN-CYCLE
NITROGEN-CYCLE
NITROGEN-CYCLE
NITROGEN-CYCLE
NITROGEN-CYCLE
NITROGEN-DEPOSITS
NITROGEN-DRAINAGE
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL HATFR—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER FARM-HASTES GROUN
NtTHOGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROS
RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION CF BlODEGHADABLE-WASTES IN THE SOIL KEVHORDS BfOLOGICAL-SYST
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND OEMTR1F[CATION OF DAIRY CATTLE WA
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEH JERSEY STR
NITRATES IN THE ENVIRGKENT KEYHOROS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
THE IMPACT OF ANIHAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-HASTES HASTES
NITROGEN-ENRIGHMEN NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE HATER BY ABSORPTION DF AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE f
NITROGEN-FIXATION. NITRATES IN THE EMV'.RCKEM KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
NITROGEN-FIXATION NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
NITROGEN-FIXATION. SQHE OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF t POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KfYMDROS
NITROGEN-FIXATION DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TU PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GRDUNDHA
NITRDGEN-FIXINC-B4 NITRATES IN THE EUmOMEM KEYWORDS NIIROCEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERT1LUAT1UN NITSOG
NITROGEN-FIXIMU-VA NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
NITROGEN-F1XINO-BA ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
NITRUGEN-LOSSES LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYHORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC.
NITROGEN-POLLUTION THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THt LAMB DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNDWATEK NITRA
NITROGEN-REMOVAL CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM AMHAL HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS HA
HITROGEN-RETENTIO.M UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROG6N BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
NlTROGEN-RETENTIOrt OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0
NOCOMIS'ASPER EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FR.OM FEEOLOTS. ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER Bill
NOISE STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS DAMA
NOISE FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GOOD NEIGHBCU*LINESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BU
NONDISTILLADLE-NIT ENRICHMENT DF THE ATMOSPHERE HUH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
NON-STRUCTURAL-ALT FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS HATER-COLLUIICM-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLL.U
PROPOSED ANIMAL HASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYHOROS REGULA
HATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR
STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FRCM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYHOROS
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RHER-SUKMER 19TO KEYWOKOS COL1FORMS BACTERI
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL KASTE-T
FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYkOHOS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-PCLLUTION-CONTROL
FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYHORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FKOC FEEOLOTS UN FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BkSI
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FRCM FEEOLU1S UN FISHES IN
NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEULOTS ON FISHES IN
NOTROPIS-RUBELLUS EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLUTS ON TISHES IN
FAHH HASTES KEYHOKOS DISPCSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOU COD CO ODOR COSTS EBUIPMENT
FAH« HASTES PUBLIC HEALTH «NU NUISANCE PR06LEMS OFF THE FARM KEYHORCS ODOR LEG1SLATI
POSSIBLE DEFENSES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POULTRY NUISANCE
LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYHORCS HATER-PCLLUT10N PESTICIDES SILTING FtRULUEKS POINT-SOURCES N
FARM HASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GCOt NtIGHBOURLINESS KtYWCRuS DUOR WATER-POLLUTION BU
LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TC ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IiV PCRK-PROUUCTION KEVHQRUS NU!
NUISANCE-WATER-LAH GREEN V MCCLOLO ACTION TC ENJOIN SEWA3F. FLOW KEYWORDS KtNTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATFR-PO
NURSURY-BUILDING EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FCX MODEKN METHODS OF SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
NORTH
NORTH-CAROLINA
NORTH-DAKOTA
NORTH-DAKOTA
NORTH-DAKOTA
NORTH-DAKOTA
NORTH-DAKOTA
NUTORUS-PLACIOUS
NOTRCPIS-CAMURUS
NOTURUS-NOCTURNUS
NUISANCE
NUISANCE
NUISANCE
NUISANCE
NUISANCES
NUISANCE-LAH
THE UPPER NCOSHU HIVtR BASI
THfc UPPER NEOSHO RIVER 8AS1
TH6 UCPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI
THE UPPER NEOSMO RIVER BASI
137
-------
100 71 1038
100 71 0751
100 72 0746
ZOO 69 0427
<00 70 049B
2UO 71 0857
300 71 0628
300 71 0629
100 65 0263
lU'J 68 0090
1UO 68 0370
100 68 1121
100 69 0259
10 0 69 0355
1UJ 70 0050
100 70 0082
100 70 0112
1UO 70 0372
100 70 0510
100 70 1230
100 71 0*53
100 71 0721
100 71 0688
100 71 1039
100 71 1212
1UO 71 1226
100 71 1236
100 72 1193
100 73 1069
100 70 1237
200 66 0146
200 66 0148
200 66 0149
200 66 0149
2UO 66 0151
200 66 0152
200 69 0423
200 69 0428
200 69 0433
200 69 0402
200 69 0526
200 69 1117
2DO 70 0214
200 70 0215
200 70 0217
200 70 0222
200 70 0226
200 70 0237
200 70 0727
200 70 1118
200 71 0763
200 71 0769
200 71 0816
200 71 0817
200 71 0833
200 71 0861
200 71 1099
200 72 1012
200 72 1016
200 72 1024
200 72 1089
300 69 0005
300 69 0062
300 70 0204
300 70 0208
300 70 0592
300 71 0477
300 71 0621
300 71 0622
300 71 1056
300 71 1106
300 71 1107
300 71 1245
300 72 1070
300 72 1085
400 66 0088
400 69 1045
400 70 1176
400 72 1179
400 73 1063
400 73 106B
500 70 0)90
600 72 1031
600 72 1071
600 72 1156
600 72 1169
600 73 1065
700 69 1067
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100 70 0042
200 TO 0226
100 73 1128
200 71 0827
200 71 0854
200 71 0656
300 70 0489
100 70 0047
200 71 0764
200 71 0846
NUTIRENTS
NUTRIENT
NUTRIENT
NUTKIENT
NUTRIENT
NUTRIENT
NUTRIENT
NUTKIENT
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENT-LOSSES
NUTRIENT-LOSSES
NUTRIENT-REMOVAL
NUTRIENT-REMOVAL
NUTRIENT-REMOVAL
NUTRIENT-REMOVAL
NUTRIENT-REMOVAL
NUTRIENT-REOUIREME
NUTRIENT -REOUIREME
NUTRIENT-REOUIREME
KEYWORD INDEX
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-DUALITY TEXAS
ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SHINE CATTLE P»
RECYCLING SYSTEM FOB POULTRY WASTES KEYHORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC B10CHEMIC
MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEECLOT WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NU
HATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNCFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE
HITROCEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FUT6
THE KETABOLIZEABLE ENERGY VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION
,ME EFFecIS Of CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTES OPW ON THE PERFORMANCE
REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS 8V MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE
WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS HEIRS
EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHOROUS IN ANIMAL MANURES KEYWOR
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION BCD CUD NUTRIENTS ANAERObIC-DIG
FARM-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD CCO HOLLAND AEROBIC-TREATMENT NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OKYGENATION
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOI
HOUSE FLY PUPAE AS FOOD FOR POULTRY KEYWORDS FEEDS NUTRIENTS MUSCA-DOMESfICA
CURRENT TKENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRJENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION
DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOT# KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE CRO
CATTLE, SHINE AND CHICKEN MANURE CHALLENGES WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS KEYWORDS COSTS FER
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER CUALITY KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-QUALITY
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER ODOR RUNOF
CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEYWORD FEED BIOCHEMICAL
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTHASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL
CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR
MANURING Of POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
UTILIZATION UF ANIMAL WASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MAN
ROLE OF THE RENOERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY CF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR
ECONOMICS OF LIOUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COO BOO COST NUTR
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-0
DESIGN FOR FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-R
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER 8UALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOf
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT
NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTE-UISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE
WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 196* ANNU
RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COD FERTILIZERS
MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATER LYSIMETER PLOW-
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA
THEN TROGEN-CYCLE> OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION
A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC
THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-OUAL1TY SO
ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT
A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CONPUTER-MQO
ECONOMICS UF HASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS
MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALU
EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO
CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEOUS SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIOUOR KEYWORD RECYC
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-AND-OEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
WASTE-INOUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS
SH?NE HASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SHINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAl-CHEMIC
MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF
fOutw POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SCLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO
DRYING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORUS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-MEALT
BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF AMMAL HASTES TO NUTRIENTS KEYWCROS POULTRY FLY-PUPAE NUTRIENT
POULTRY POLLUTION RESEARCH RESULTS KEYWORDS OOOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTIIATION FEEO
EARLY EXPERIMENTS AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYW
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS »GR ICULTURAL-C
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON WATER OUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL
PERIOCIOITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLCT KEYWORDS
POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PROBLEM KEYWORDS CCSTS rtUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER
AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU
ANIMAL HASTE OISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL NATER-POLLUTION NITRATES
THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS HATER-POLLUTlUN NITRATES PHOSPHATES
NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEEO KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORUS IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER CETERCENTS
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY OOOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYHORDS
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL HASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ODOR W
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC
A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOO OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-HASTES TO SURFAC
USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES KASTE-HATER-TR
A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE HATER RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO
GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION HITH DAIRY HASTES KEYWORD fERTIl
HATER-QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND RE-USE OF HASTEHATER EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS NUTRIENT-REMOV
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR
FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEVWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-HASTES NUTRIEN
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL
138
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RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0
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SAVANNAH SIVtK ECOLOGY liBJlUTORY ANNUAL REPOBf I9JI KEYWORDS 80RON Mml£Nr-KEQ>ROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FQR SHEEP KEYWORDS
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"M.*«iilt*;ltwiiinnNjiji« v«,utt. »w PM.WSIUTV OF BROILER Line* FOR KUMINA
, PBULTRYj.MMIf, DM-AS A' FEEOSTUFF IN POULTRY RATIONS KEYWORD RECYCLING NU
DRIED ANIKAL HASTE AS A PKOTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYCLING POUL1RY NU
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS CA1TLE FEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE
VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEED FDR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE ^EDS NU7R17JVE-VA
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARS
COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL. OF FARH HASTES KEYHOJ.C'5 N-1R6LANC GASES SLURRY D1SPOS«L
POULT*? BO; «-i«ft*NO ooon OXIDAMON-DI
, SPU ?H ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AN
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'-< SLUPSE ODOR DI&PPSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF frUILT OP POULTRY LITTER K6YWORGS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES
NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHEHE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION N1TROG
PROPERTIES OF FARM ANIMAL EUCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES BIQDESRAOAT1QN BIOCHEMICAL
INDIAN UTILUES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN
THE QlbESIIUtt OF POULTRY FEUS UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS DOOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
0»iU»T16N OIICHJS ffjV.WLSII D)i*(JS»V KEYWORDS HOGS BOO ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY
A KEVUH l»-POULW*-WlJTE-IH$roi4l POiSUHITIES KEYWORDS SOD N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT
IDENTIFICATION Of GASES IN A. CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGA
IHPROVFF-ENT IN THE COLLECTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN CIQMUM HYURJXIOE SUSPENSION KEVh
HOOSEFL* LARVAC alQOESHAOATICIfj CF HEN tUCHETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS
FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE CF THE OOOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED II8UID POULTRY MANURE
TREATMENT, USE. AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION DOOR
THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING Of POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES
CUKRENt TRiNOS.,IN FtyL*. WASH BI$MSU... XEYHOROS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK DOOR POPULATION
RAISING- LJ«tTPtKmi'M:<*»Mt.F*»NS(.,4Eywp«Cl^ QOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT
.MMCUUTWMU&Tr-MtEMCM>NtUI.'--K!nfUD.S POUUHY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EOUIPMEN
THE FUTURE Of FAftH ANIMAL WASTE HANAGEMtNT KEYWORDS REUSE ODOR POLLUTION f-uTURE HANlTG
CHANCING PRACTICES IN AGRICULTURE AND THEU EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS UDOR P
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS H1TH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUIO MANURE STORAGE TANKS
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUIO MANURE STDKAGE TANKS
SULFUR SACTSRIA IN REO LACOOMS KEYWORDS ODOR SUIFUR-BACTERIA IACOONS
AERATION Of LIttUID POULTRY MANURE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE HE
ANIMAL NASTI HAWJLrNS AND DISPOSAL IN CONFINEMENT PRCOUCTION OF SHINE KEYWORCS SYSTEM
HOW ENVWOWIWAI, MBBVtHS AFFECT FAUN EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILUER OW3S RUNOF
DESIGN AND OCiRATIQN OF A PHOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST
7H( DUPD5AJ. DF.ASBICULTUKAL HAST£ HEYWOROS WASTE-OISPQSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FE«LCT COORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
MANA6EMNT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECUNOMCS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL COOK ST
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS oooa POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO
WATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CHYS CO
DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLCU-FURROH-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROWS fLIES L
REgUIREMENTS FOR MICRDBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR BIOO
PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SwINE HASTES 8Y LASOONIN,! K6YWQROS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR CAS LAGOO
PROBLEMS OF CATTt-E FEEOIN6 IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
HYB«O«H iULfWJ AND KHHYV WRCAPIANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS DECRAC-AIIO
AS»0.»IC. aiGgjTIQN Of SUlHf WVTE, KE»HO»BS OXY&ENATION AERATION LACOON CX IDAT ION-C I FCH
o»»seiu7io*».e»p«i7iev.ijF O*IO*TJBN otrcn ROTORS FOR coNfiMEKtNf UVESTOCK BLIILBINGS n
DESIGN PAKAMITEftS FDA THE SJAMU2A1IU* OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION
SWINE HASTES, CNARiCTERIIATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B
AEKQ81C STORAGE OF OAUY CATTLt KANURE ' KEYWORDS AEBSTION TEMPERATURE ODOR COO LOAOIN
DISPOSAL OF MIRY CATTLE WASTES BY AERATED LASOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS 8DD COD OK
;-r?u!'ls *ND '.weilMS IN sow SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
POULTRY HOUSE. OUST,,-ODOR A(iD.THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAD-F ILTE
KMOVA.U OF Wi.rfR MOM AJM**V MklURJS KEYWORUS POULTRY CDOR MOISTURE-CONTENT WEIGHT VO
*|U'JI't*e(WOmCJ Op= »NIH*L, «*.«• DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET MO DKY TECHNIQUSS KEYWORD
KQNDMle eWllUHON.UFflOUIP MANWE SYSTEMS fOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST
WtO SHOUL-0 M6ULMI TOU».T*t CJWFUtT ?*OlitEI«S KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ODOR GOVT tOMHUNlCAT
FUTU«E-T««NOS IN 11 V«TOCK-PROOUCTION KfYKORDS WISCONSM WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE
THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWCBOi BOOR LAWO-USE COALS POPULATICN
COLUHaiA-COUNTV MQ6RAK KiYHOHOS. POLLUUON-ABATEMeMT OtCR iONtNC NIlRATES PROGRAM
FESDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KE»«q«05 KUNOFF FISH-KILL IRKCGATION FARM LAGOONS QOOR C
TH6 KANSAS ANIMAL M&T6 CONTROL PRQ5KAM KEYWORDS LEHSLATJON CATTLE INVEST HAT I QMS WA
RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT
SWINE-WASU HANACEHENI UWOItQS LIGAL-»iPEC1S DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC
SWINE MANURE - UA»IHTY OS ASSET KEYWORDS WATEH-POLLUTION «] R-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO
FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNlIfD-MNGUOH SLURRIES BOD COP DO OOOR COSTS EOUIPMENT
FARM WASTES P118UC..HI*UH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLAU
MINIMIiWS POULTRY WASTE PM»LE« KEiKQRCS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOD OK FERTILIZERS SLU
M1NWU1NG TH* WAStE PROBLEM WITH f.JfS KEYWORDS SLURKIES SwINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS
lMENI Of HI* HASTES.. KfyWOROS OOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COD OXID
-«*ST{& IN AN .URBAN-SNVIRONHEN1 JCEYWQ90S ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARC
.Rf«.»*C«-NE£OS Ktrutoi POULTRY aooa Lrouia-HANOLiNG SHUO HOISTURE-
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E "OH,CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA
n.. "NCEP-TION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T
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WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS LI6UIO-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AERDBIC-TREATME
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE OUHGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE
A LAND RECYCLING L10UID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD
FEEDLDT MANtKE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWQROS OOOR DUST NITROGEN LJGOON EVAP
SOLVING IHE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION HEYWWQS QOOH DRY
I^*SI«°! ?AR" *MIMAl PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS SOI
IDENTIFICATION OF CAMONYL CCdPOUNOS IN A SHINE-autLOIhC ATHOSPHERS KEYHORDS OODR ORG
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ODOR
ODOR
OOOR
OOOR
OOOR
ODOR
ODOR
OOOR
ODOR '
ODOR
OOOR
ODOR
ODORANTS
ODORLESS
ODOROUS
ODORPOULTRV
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
DOORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
DOORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
ODORS
KEYWORD INDEX
CHRDMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF MALUOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG
THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING OF MANURE IH SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT 00
PVROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
DRYING POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS CDOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY
HATER OUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIOUID, SEMI-LIQUIOt AND DRY DAIRY
LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, AERATION-CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FA
SHURT TEKH AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FOR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRJII
THE USE OF OXIOATION PONDS FOR POULTRY PROCESSING HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-*
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOHATER R
POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOI
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KtYHOROS
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER \MEHPOINT KEYWORDS
POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOI
HASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SMEEP CATTLE HOGS NE6RASK
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PROOUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D
LAKE TERMINOLOGY HATER BLCCM KEYWORDS EUTROPHiqATI0* ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMMONIA N
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBI
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KEYWOR
DOORS, GASES, AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH
QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMATO
THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE
ODOR CONTROLS bY CHEMICAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS POULTRY ANMONIA-HYDKOGEN-SULFIDE CARBON-
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES - TERMINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOD COD ODOR OXIDATION
STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS OAMA
POULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO
INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS ODOR HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS DI
ANlSn wl ?E 01 SpSsAL BECOMES A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS DOOR GASES LAGOONS RE
REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR CRYING KEYUO
POULTRY POLLUTION RESEARCH RESULTS KEYHORDS ODOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED
ECONOMICS OF DRIED POULTRY HASTE DPW AS A FEED INGREDIENT OR A FERTILIZER KEYHORDS
DR??S2 OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYHORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENT1LATI
SSo« C?GE SRY^G of POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR AIR-ORYING-NANURE CAGE
LIVESTOCK WASTE PISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
iil^AL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R
! REP^R? ON THREE MANURE-COMPOSTING PLANTS KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-DECOMPOSITION AMMON
WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ODOR AEROBIC-BACTERIA HOTOR PROB
L^BOR FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI
MM^LE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GOOD NEIGHBOURLJNISS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BU
B?5« SIJlNG OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYHORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN
WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS
nxlDATION OITCH IN CAGE LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY BOO N-1RELANO ODOR OXlOATION-OI
A^O^EL? NEW SCENT FOR MANURE KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION SAGEBRUSH FARM-WASTES ODOR
NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES
212 DOM iOHlML PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
SDOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
HUM^N AND ANIMAL HASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL 1RRIG
WHY DOES IT SMELL SO BAO KEYWORDS ODOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES
?MCL?S!o-PL*NE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
i^NG DDDR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA
CoiSfL^ING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS
€?E?TR?C IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
! COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
inAL?S?S OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ODOR W
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS
ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T
AIR POLLUTION ASPECTS OF ODOROUS COMPOUNDS KEYWORDS AIR ODOROUS
MULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EQUIPMENT COSTi FL
iirnnws FDR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BOO ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF
cSS?WLLl2G ODORS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG
CAN LIME AND CHLORINE SUPPRESS ODORS IN LIOUID HOG MANURE KEYHORDS LIME CHLORINE ODORS
OUDAT10N-DITCH TREATMENT CF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOO COO ODORS EOUIPMENT I
2lR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES,DETERMINATION OF MALODORS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPMIC AND 0
AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
e«es AND DOORS FROM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IOEN
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWORDS ODORS COO CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTR
*2?MA? WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-HANAGEN
THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE '
LWESTOCK PRODUCTION VS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFFICIEN
ENGINEERING-RESEARCH ON FARM-ANIMAL-MANURE KEYWORDS ODORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT HASTE-
tEGAL-RESTRAlNTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYWORDS ODORS HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES
WASTE-DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION, POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDERING-PLANT ODORS SENAG
A^TERNAn^ES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CON
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA
i?R POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS OUST ALLERGENS ODORS PESTICIDES SMOKE
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAMS REGULATION E
STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS OAIRY-INOOSTR
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS EUTROPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY
nonas AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO
W«?E «SAGEMMT ON" MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIELOS SEPTICM
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA TH! BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS DOORS NUT
UTIGAT"NEXI>ERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-A
CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AN
THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS
AUTOMATED HANDLING. TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF WASTE WATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT
COMPOSTING OAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C
AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIQUID SHINE MANURE SYSTEMS K
ROTOR AERATION OF SHINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-M
SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS OE
SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-GASES FROM STORED SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS ODORS CARBO
IDENTIFICATION OF FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AMINES IDENTIFICATION ODORS
SOIL FILTRATION TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AMMONIA HYDROGEN-
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW
140
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
JOU 71 0673
loj M 0704
4i/;) 70 00'* 1
*0'J 70 0579
400 71 0309
4oJ 71 0311
*u'/ 71 J3io
4(10 71 0456
500 68 12S9
6uJ 71 049> 72 1264
200 69 01B<
20J 0-y 01VO
600 72 1004
300 72 1264
200 71 0791
!!>•) 70 0019
201) 69 0190
3u-> 0189
301) 69 0635
IOC 69 0105
200 69 0919
JCJ 68 0741
100 71 1039
300 26 1204
300 73 1009
4uO 72 1171
300 70 1084
300 71 1081
2o'J 7u 1050
300 69 1103
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
200 71 0600
fOU 71 1234
300 69 1103
300 70 1192
300 70 1201
4uO 71 1196
4oO 72 1173
600 70 0469
200. 69 0190
300 69 0633
600 69 1160
100 70 0063
400 73 1073
100 64 1200
200 72 1108
300 69 1103
300 72 1052
400 71 1131
400 71 1131
200 70 0687
400 72 1179
luO 66 0381
100 70 0458
100 71 0729
300 69 0053
200 64 1241
200 71 0769
100 71 1228
400 70 0091
200 69 0169
300 70 1247
100 70 0416
100 70 0420
100 71 0909
200 71 0783
400 69 0439
100 69 0096
100 69 0908
200 71 0837
700 70 1066
100 69 0693
100 72 1222
200 71 0790
300 69 0632
3UO 69 0634
300 69 0637
100 71 0976
200 69 1102
200 69 1116
200 70 1114
100 65 0377
1UO 69 0086
100 69 1198
100 72 1239
300 70 1084
400 66 0380
400 68 0032
500 70 0388
600 72 1156
UUUKS
OUURb
ODUitS
ODORS
ODJKS
UUIIRS
l-DURi
Ul/jRS
IJCiQRS
UUOH-CONTKOl
UOQH-CONTKfJL
OOUR-CONHOL
ODOR-CONTROL
UDUR-INTeNSIIY
OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT QF ANIMAL MANURE ODOKS KEYWORPS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRY
*
UXIOAIIUN
CONTKOL OF
CAN
"""ONIA HYDROGEN-SULFIOE CHROMATOGR
MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS
BUS? «!«?&"« SS^TROL POOL
RECYCLED
SOURCE FROM
CJOGR-NUISANCE
OOUR-PAMtL
UOQR-PANEL
ODUR-PANEL
ODOR-PREVENTION
UUOR-PRUBLSMS
ODOR-OUALITY
OOlm-SIRENGTH
ODOR-STRENGIH
DOUR-THRESHOLD
ODOR-THRESHOLO
OF
OHIO
UH1U
OHIO
UHIO
UK
OIL
OIL-INDUSTRY
OIL-INDUSTRY
OIL-WASTES
OIL-WASTES
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
RULES ANU
NUTRIENTS
IM
- HASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILUAT1U
VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN
tS TO CONTROL AMMONIA ANL> OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS
'"iSciilK OrFEJiSlST^^^
CONTROL. OF MALOOORJ FROM'LAND SPRE.AP1NG OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS C
CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN
CIRCULATION GAS-Ch«l)NATOGRJPHYF|LTER-PAOS POULTRY-DOST 00
JYWOROS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
nc tc«n?,^ ° S*SIEM "LYES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS
MFAcTluCtfiuT nc t!2 ™™ ?, CONrRCL KEYWORDS AI R-pgLLUt ION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC
MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO
FROM UNDILUTED AND DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR-STRENGTH METHA
'« ^CON^ONENTS OF SWINt-BUlLDING. ODOR. KEYWORDS ODOR-THRESHOLO CHROMAT
KEYWORDS HYUROGEN-SULFIOE ANAEBOBIC-CONLUTIONS ODOR-THRESHOLD AE
•OR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL
7n-;.«i , J?G MODLA'*0 A(*» FARMLAND NEAR COSHUCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
COMPANY X GINTLING STREAK POLLUTION. aY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
i~nr,K<~.~T roS^ri, Ii* FEEDLOT KUNOFF KEYHQROS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES
LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FUR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEEU-LOTS PLASTICS TILES
"I OF UKB4N REFUSE TO OIL KEYWOKU5 RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUOGE OIL WATE
lcN?n4c'CMcASI!LT? ?U KEV"QK°S HECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU
FUTURE NEW THEOlJtS OF. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWOROS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAM
DF 'WATERS A M^MllSS,,"!5 "* OKLAHOMA lUYKOROi OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
Fomiur ne U.T«-« . - c?!u! N KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
STATE ScLlI™! ^ S?f.ME4NOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION
SO*E o«FRv.A?n«4 ™ 111 ,'£S IN ANIM4t "ASrE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES
ENFORCEMENT OF WAT R LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
OKLi»nMlIFFcnCvi?nJE!rTllAtiT^ LA"S F°R THE FEE^I-OT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYHOKDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HITH ANTI PCLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEcL ASPECTS PDLLUTION-AB
«. nnn. ""'^'•jjOUCT .KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-SI SPo!." FilS"oTs" «OONroxYGENLNlTSSG"
,Jl?if Ln r * KEYWORDS OOUR LITERATURE (NST«UMENTATIL)N PERCEPTION THEORIES
O-L-FA-CTC-RY-THRESH'SL VMr«iSi?TiT?« S^iwii.iiqS^F^He'ooS^MRMSTM'oF CH??KENTM?NURETH SoT"^*''
°N?JR!O EOUAn°N flEA?-FEEESLo{lapESAT^I[LLF^?l:SI SURF4CE RUNaFF «»««<» FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS
ONTAR 0 NITRATE COwU^l St «»rr,' ,SJ AR'C KEYWOROS *UNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE
ONTOGENY PR^kElsiSf CH!^ €R,C?hA'ES FR°K MANURED 1«IMTIHS- «YHORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS
ON-SITE-INVEST1GAT EFFFrr? nc Aroiri.i r,.o. CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE
OPEN-SHED
OPERATING-COSTS
OPERATING-COSTS
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATIONS
OPTIMIZATION
OPTIONS
ORANIC-ACIDS
ORCHARD
OREGON
.ORGANIC
ORGANIC
ORGANIC
ORGANIC
ORGANIC
ORGANIC-ACIDS
ORGANIC-ACIDS
ORGANIC-ACIDS
ORGANIC-CARBON
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC-GASES
ORGANIC-LOADING
ORGANIC-LOADING
ORGANIC-LOADING
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-MATTEK
cvcrcur /!»•»* - • — - -— —.__ „,, wwiinvt- ««iiu vnuvrpyn** ic* » t»I cnj isci nums*
tvcrcu. rSu^4RES K^WUR"S FEED-LOTS. PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE
MC I. I COMPARED KEYWOROS FEED-LUTS PfRFORHANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE
THE PR|CF ?!r ?n !J« «i P2N° °N HOC ABATfOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF
WASTES «nl S,J°.II?PrrEEULOT "UN 0fF «^OI10S FARM-WAST I WASTE-OISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
WASTES FROM PIG-PRODUCTION UNITS KEYWORDS OXIDATIONrOITCH EFFLUENT BOD LININGS SECOND
.TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENI OESIC,* AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA
uiJ" IISH 9F,* PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST
-CACJDA DHY«ini'nr'J n« !u2 ? Li 6 KEVHDRI'S OISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
CAUDA PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PRUTOZDA KEYWORDS RUMJNANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
WASTES
us! nl
SOME
THE
AIR
A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF AN|NAL HASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-MOD
« TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP
rucifr?4 ™! 9°SR5 KEWRDS POULTRY AMMONIA HYDROGEN-SLJLFIDE CHROMATOGR
~nf INnutrSfi, SfA«! lvUn°N 01li6SIIBli-ITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWOROS CATTLE
•° oi ?ATnJ t.SnJI'I,^.?0*05 M*6m INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEED BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES T
ON,AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED HABITATS KEYWORDS LAGO
AND THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING L16ANDS OF WATER EXTRACT
n« ..-;,- , LE" ECONQ'
-------
10U 72 1199
200 6T 12*3
tto 72 1001
200 66 0120
100 70 12J7
200 70 1115
?00 71 1252
3UO 5) 1206
10D 68 1043
!(J(I 69 1061
JUU 69 1125
300 70 12*7
300 71 1245
4UO 66 0380
<«0 68 0032
300 64 0632
100 66 0063
200 70 0235
600 72 1002
3UU 69 0002
1UO 71 1236
10U 71 1038
200 69 0542
100 70 0570
100 70 0342
100 66 0478
100 68 0106
100 70 1230
100 71 0*51
100 71 1221
200 66 0133
-------
4JO 71 1172
400 73 1178
600 72 1071
70U 70 110)
200 66 U152
21KJ 66 0154
200 70 0253
600 71 0288
2UO 70 0670
20U 70 0715
200 71 0653
200 66 0138
200 64 0176
200 70 0737
200 71 0837
200 71 0802
100 65 0263
100 66 0437
100 68 0106
100 71 0304
200 66 0134
200 69 0162
200 69 0166
2UO 71 0787
3uO 69 0006
300 71 1119
400 72 1173
100 69 0355
200 69 0074
2uO 69 0166
200 70 1114
100 69 1231
100 72 1235
200 69 0177
200 69 0194
200 71 0641
200 71 0825
700 68 0330
100 72 1199
300 70 1104
400 71 0293
100 65 0377
100 60 0337
100 69 0061
100 70 0042
200 70 0214
200 70 0226
300 70 0474
400 70 0070
200 71 0779
300 72 1003
400 68 0101
1JO 71 0751
100 70 1111
100 69 1198
100 72 1215
100 70 1040
200 69 0189
200 71 0277
600 69 1239
100 69 0707
200 64 1241
100 70 1237
100 63 1064
200 68 1244
300 71 1106
500 70 0395
300 69 0631
300 69 0636
100 69 0363
300 70 1104
100 69 0108
100 69 0416
200 70 0719
100 69 0353
200 70 0253
100 67 0713
200 71 0795
200 70 0238
100 67 1258
100 70 1051
100 70 1217
100 71 0484
LOO 71 1212
100 71 1213
100 71 1232
100 70 1237
200 68 1242
200 68 1244
200 69 1102
200 71 0798
200 71 0825
200 71 0836
200 71 1099
200 72 1016
200 72 1023
300 70 1101
300 70 1104
300 71 051S
400 66 0354
OXIDATION
OXIDATION
OXIDATION
UXIDATION
OXIDATION
OXIDATION
OXIDATION
UXIOATION
UX1DATlOft
UXIOATION
OXIDATION
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
PITCH
PITCH
PITCH
POND
POXDS
PONDS
PONDS
OXIDATION-REOUCTIU
KEYHORO INDEX
Jui^UNT'ftOLIHAYIBECAlT1[lG; t™?^*" «Y"OR" OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
A COMPARISON OF TH"REF t««2! In «™OROS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
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PAC1FIC-NORTHHEST-
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FATHOGEN1C
PATHOSENIC
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BACTERI
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HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE
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INSECTICIDES
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THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROB1CALLY T
SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEPTOSPIRES IN
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL HASTES T
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK HASTE
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF
FISH AS POTENTIAL V
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BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0
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143
-------
500 71 1072
200 66 0116
2oO 70 1053
100 67 1218
100 70 0018
200 71 0763
10J 69 0265
50U 70 0402
luO 70 1111
100 70 1217
100 70 1251
100 71 1039
100 71 1236
303 71 1126
300 71 1246
300 72 1052
100 70 0362
200 72 1025
100 69 10*2
2o'J 71 0669
luO 65 1079
20J 70 0727
300 71 0.584
300 71 0457
200 66 0124
200 69 0562
100 72 1222
200 64 1241
600 70 046?
4 THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEVWO
JniYCntoJ NATED BIPHENYLS «YWaROS CHLORINATED-HYDROCAReON-PESTIClOES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHDSPHO
STIcoE BURDEN IN WATER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DOT SOURCES CONCENTRATION
POLLUTION RESULTING FRCMAGH CULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
PoTtuTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RAD
uTFR SOLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
MLA?ION OF AGRICULTURE TO WOUNOwilM POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS PESTI
POLLUTION AND EUTROPHlCATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS ,IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-8UALIIY TEXAS
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER flUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF
!EG!LIR°STRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYWORDS ODORS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES
LHAT DO WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING
THE SPORTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TOXICITV B10LOG
CONCERN KEYWCRDS PESTICIDES WATER-POLLUTION PANIC-POWER MIS-USE RtSISTA
KEYWORDS DOT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES
MW AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS OUST ALLERGENS ODORS PESTICIDES SMOKE
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u» SASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS WATER-
IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS
.ruilKRF fHE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POUUTIQ
AGR CUttUR»t JStLU^ION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN. KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPHlCAT
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONNINT KEYNORDJ MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
3i?« SotLUTIM CONTROL LEOItLAUCN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART fr KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
KONPOINTRUWL SOURCES OF"AT«R POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILU
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV
CAMLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
PESTICIUES AND PEST-MANAGEHINT FOR MX I MUM-PRODUCT I ON AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWORDS
tfFtCrl OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WATERS KEYWORDS R
LSSAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATtR-COLLUTlON PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIIEKS POINT-SOURCES N
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FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUAL I TV-MANAGE
144
-------
10U 12 1111
100 70 UU
100 73 11*5
20J 71 06*5
500 70 0356
500 10 0199
ll.,j 63 0338
100 65 0503
100 66 047J
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1UO tl 0096
IClO TiJ 0031
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100 70 Q36'(
100 71 0*76
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70U 70 lObt
700 70 U56
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100 67 0713
100 68 0307
100 6B 0502
100 69 0071
100 70 0050
100 70 1199
100 70 1233
100 71 0488
100 Tl 1197
100 73 1049
100 73 1162
100 73 1190
ZOO 64 0724
200 69 0165
200 69 01B3
200 £9 0200
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200 69 0521
200 69 0696
200 69 1116
200 TO 0219
ZOO 70 0720
200 Tl 0608
it)0 Tl 077*
ZOO Tl 077*
200 71 077B
200 71 0761
200 7L 0608
200 71 0615
200 71 oeie
200 72 1014
2UO 73 1189
JOB 70 0992
100 71 0630
300 71 0700
300 71 1058
300 71 1106
300 72 1260
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PESTICIOE-TOXICITY
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PH
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PHOSPHATE
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PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATtS
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
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PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHUSPHATES
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PHOSPHATES.
PHOSPHOROUS
PHOSPHOROUS
PHOSPHOROUS
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PHOSPHCRUS
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PHOSPHORUS
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PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
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PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
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KEYWORD 1NDE«
IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOB THE DETERMINATION Of OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK BILK PRODUCTS CHIC
PULYCHLOlUNAfEQi BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLOKINATED-HYDKOCAReON-PESTIC IDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
FLY CONTROL AMD CHRONIC TOXIC1TY FROM FEEDING OURSBAN 0-0 DI6THYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLORO-2-P
PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEYWORDS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL
PESTICIDES AND PEST-MANAGEMENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWORDS
PESTICIDES AMD PEST-tUNA&EI'ENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWORDS
DIGESTION-TESTS UF LIVESTOCK-HASTES KBYWOKDS BOD COD CATTLE POU'LTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABDRATOR
TH£ INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF'1 ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY 01
TREATHEMT Uf BEEF-CATTLE WASTE KATES FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD COD t>H SEPTIC-TAN
IDENTIF ICATfON Of CASES IK A CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGA
VOLUILUATION AMU NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER S1HULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT
ISOLATION OF SALMUNELLAE FKDM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRIC
AUAERCblC DECOMPOSITION OF SwINE EXCRENSM KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS, TEMPERATURE SlUD
IH€ mROFLOKA OF SOUTHERN JHlC PCULTKY LUTE* KEYWORDS FUNGUS PH BACTERIA MOLD PDUlfS
ANlMlL fcASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS 800 COO 00 PH WAI EH-PCLLUT ION A1R-PGLLU1 ION SOSL-CUN
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED AMIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON
FARM HASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A WC.OIF1EO PASVEt* OXIDATION OlTCH, SETTLIN
CHARACTERISTICS OF AOUF.OUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOD PH REDOX-POTENTIAL
CATTLE FEEDLOT KATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWRDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIO
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARH WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH
THE EFFECT OF APPL I CAUON-flATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD Of CORN KEYWORDS CHEH1C
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEULQT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF OISS
BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COO BOO TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE
CORRELATING OIL ANU ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS
REQUIREMENTS Fo« MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS, BOOR BtOO
DETERMINATION UN MERCURY IN SAMPLES FkOM THE DJTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
LAND-DISPOSAL flF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUE.NT NITRUTE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER BATE
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS CUNFINEME.NT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMKQNIA N
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
ChEMICAi ANi) OETRirAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE SIVER IDAHO RUhCFF FLOUARE KEYWORDS
inATER POLLUMON RESULTING FRO* AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS wATtd-POLLUTiON-souRCES
WATER POLLUTION! FROM LAMD RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF KAIEH-POILUTICN INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
WATER POLLI/1ION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-QUiL I TV-ACT BOD PHOSP
ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILIZERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALfONID FISH HATCHERIE.S KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMQNIOS SOUR
LOSSES OF M TROGEN AMD PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL KUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-OUAL I TY TEXAS
NUTSItNTS IN STREAMS OKAINJNG WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
POLLUTION POTENTIAL DF SALXONID F | SH HATCHEKIES KEYkOKDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWMDS CXIOATIQU-LAGODNS FARM-WAS
A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FOR CAIILt WASTES KEYWORDS LI BU I D-WASTE S PHUSPHAT
THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MODERN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARWING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOC1
SUMMER CONFERENCE DF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
EFFECTS OF A6RICULTURAL LAND USE. ON THE OUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS
ANNUAL SEPOKT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-BE SOURCES HUTER-USER
POLLUTION LOADS !«, PERCOLATE .ATE* FRCM SURFACE SPREAD 5.INE WASTES KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
BEHAVIOR OF SDH AND FERTILIZER-PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TO WATER-PULLUT ION KEYWORDS PH
WAUR POLLUTION BY SWINE PBCDUCTJON OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-OISPOSAL HYDROGR
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOI L-CUNTAMINAT
*°V"" OF/HO&"**'IE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SLME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
ALTERNATIVES FUR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
THt POLLUTION POTfcNIIAt OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNDW
EFFECTS OF A5KICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON CUTROPHICAT ION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA
SOHE At*oeic OEcOKp-osniON paomms OF DAIRY CSTTLE MANUREKEVWOROS o COD CATTLE NITRO
EFFECT SDH TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORUS "AZURES •
MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POULTRY-UTTER COUTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN
ENGINEERING. ANALYSIS DF CATTLE FfEDlOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI
TREATMENT 1.HO DISPOSAL OF ANIWAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD1
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
LUSSES OF MITRCIGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS F30M A6HICULTUIUL LAND KEYWORDS WArER-PDLLUTION-SOURC
CHARACTER Z«T ION OF WtSIE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEY.ORO FffD BIOCHEMICAL
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM A&SICULTURAl LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FtRT
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEVWOHOS
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS
NUTRIT DNAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUI* PHOSPHCRUS AND MAGNESUIM ]W SHEEP KEY
;«iS;Vr ^LJ2=LA?2 ««UI«""TS FOR DISPOSAL OF LISUIO MANURE KEYWORCS POULTRY CONFIN
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT
IS! !>n C , *ee°' °esl&"' ANO KANASEMINT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
?H! If^??JCM°LJ2Ui;I!«;*Ktl*l OISPOS*L KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT
f o,S, f,S FARM WASTES W THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT
M*L6I1S K£TWRDS N"ER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL
.5?1*6 PROt'(jU!ON ""EAS KEYWURB SUHFAC6-WATER5 OlStHARGE LAGO
S TO CONIROL PCLLU1ION KEYWORDS PCLLU T ION-CONTROL OR6ANI C-LOADI
°ESION °F AN ECONOMlt»L,LY FEASIBLE ANIHAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD
iLI"r'ON U5'"5 P°UL™Y UU£S «^OWS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
n« K6Vll0*OS REUSE FERTILUATIUN NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITSOCEN
S F BAflNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWN5TREM WATER CUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLE R-|
nn«rf "at^""" ".0» SLOPING CATTLE FEEOLOTS *i AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY
LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL
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!N*SltOBlC L4G°°N 6"UU£NT KEVWORDS AEROBIC-LAGOON UX
Knm ™ i««T C°°* OMIM PRUIE™ POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY
ECONOMICS OF SWIN6 WASTE DISPCSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECCNCMIC-FEASlalL I TY AtRQBIC-TRE
CHARACffRISTICS OF «N)M4(. K4STES AND KUNOfF (CE«,OROS' CONDUCT! V (TV f ARM-wijlES ^NaFF TH
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL «ED-?OTS F
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS eMVlIoWM^iC-WFECTS pSI!lC^£»LT
A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF URIEL POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY OR E J BENNE K£YWO
LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUT lON^CONTROL KEYWORD FEtO-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
DEVELOPMENT OF A HATHEMETiCAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE CF SURFACE R^NOFF^D GMuSowA
^»Sn 2S SIS f*v"10N«NT K6YV.ORDS MNAGEMENT ENVUmfENT AtiRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-"
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTIL 17
PHOSPHORUS t WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATER-PDLLUT ION-SOURCES SE
AE9KULrUKES CONTRIBUTfO*! TO THE FERTtlUAIICN Of CANAL LIKE KETMRDS- EUlRQPHItATION NU
SODIUM EGC-SHEIU EFF-gUALJTY EGG-PMJDUC I I0f, ALBUMEN SOUIHERN WORKERS, REPORT RtSEARCH K
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACHE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-UISPOSA*. HOGS CATTLE
NEW OODR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS OOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
CHEXISMy OF SEDIMENT ]* KATE* KEYWRDS JVITROCEW PHOSPHCRUS WATEK-F-OtLUflOIV CLAYS 0«G
-------
•«.,) 70 U390
•>wu 7u 0394
'juo ra u4or
t.Ul) f2 1177
?uD ^^ 104B
fuu U 10V*
iUO 71 06
-------
KErwcmo INDEX
200 70 0054
2liO 72 1022
2UO 72 102".
300 1077
3UO 68 1202
3UO 4
-------
200 69 0517
200 69 0523
200 69 0528
100 69 0259
100 70 0112
200 69 0175
200 69 01BT
2UO 70 0054
200 70 0234
2UO 70 0241
300 69 0093
400 70 0092
200 70 0728
300 70 0383
200 71 0440
600 73 1075
100 67 0713
100 71 0681
100 67 1258
300 68 1123
200 69 0186
2UU 69 0200
300 69 0005
10U 71 0688
100 71 1039
100 71 1197
100 73 1069
200 68 0724
200 69 0482
200 69 1116
200 70 0720
200 71 0785
200 71 0801
200 71 0815
300 71 0269
300 71 0700
400 72 1166
400 72 1173
400 72 1177
100 71 1221
100 73 1069
100 70 006S
100 60 1078
100 63 0338
100 63 0436
100 65 0346
100 65 0503
100 65 0699
100 65 1091
100 66 0290
100 66 0422
100 66 0479
100 68 0011
100 68 0044
100 71 0461
100 69 0040
100 69 0364
100 69 0690
100 69 0707
100 69 0736
100 69 1231
100 70 0018
100 70 0024
100 TO 0026
100 70 006 5
100 70 0094
100 70 0107
100 70 0340
100 TO 036B
100 70 0570
100 70 098}
100 TO 1111
100 70 1227
100 70 1230
100 71 0187
100. 71 0266
100 71 0314
100 71 0348
100 71 0509
100 71 0674
100 71 0682
100 71 06-) 5
100 71 0729
100 71 0751
100 71 1092
100 71 1223
100 72 0746
100 72 1199
100 72 1222
100 73 1034
100 T3 1086
100 73 1164
100 73 1161
200 64 0750
200 66 0115
200 66 0117
200 66 0121
200 66 0122
200 66 0129
200 66 0130
POPULATION
POPULATION
POPULATION
PUPULATtON-EUUlVAL
PDPULATION-EUU1VAL
POPULATION-ECU I VAL
POPULATIDN-EUUlVAL
POPULATION-EOUIVAL
POPULATION-EMU I VAL
POPULATION-ECU I VAL
POPULATION-ESUIVAL
POPULATION-EQUIVAL
PORK
PORK
PORK-PKOOUCT10N
POROSITY
PORPEKTIES
PORPERTIES
POTAELE-WATEK
POTABLE-WATER
POTASH
POTASH
POTASH
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASS IUM-PERMANGA
POTATOES
POTENTIAL
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
MOULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
BY-PRODUCTS IN W
KEYWORD INDEX
QUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS
WHAT AND WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-WASTES
THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS OOOR LANO-USE GOALS POPULATION .„.„„.,, n,r
ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION BOD COO NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC -01 6
CURRENT TRENDS I,M FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION U5,°.DOR POPULATION
STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PROVI
CAGEU LAVE* PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS
F4RM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNI TED-KINCOOM SLURRIES BUD COD DO ODOR COSTS SOUIPMENI
SEw£RS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP
HYDKOLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD DO RIVERS WATEK-OUAL I TY STREAM
SEEK DATA IN FEEDLOT RbSEARCH KEYWORDS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEOLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOD CATTL
ODORLESS POHK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T
PORK PRODUCES AND POLLUTION LEGAL ASPECTS KEYWORDS LAW LEGAL -PROCEDURE REGULATION
LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK-PRODUCT I ON KEYWORDS NUI
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKE YWOROS D COD CATTLE NITRO
EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS KETWO
RECOVERY UF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM HIGH QUALITY SURFACE WATtR KEYWORDS
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING GROSS-PROFIT
THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-CHENIC
CHARACTER ZAT ION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEYWORD FEED BIOCHEMICAL
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR CUSMOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPH ICAT ION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN
THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTtR KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FOR CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT
PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY MANURE SLURRIES K
DRYING POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR URYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY
INHLTKATION RATES «NO GROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS, TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
ulsPOML OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTl
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLAMEIESS
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS
DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOO COD CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION
POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BUD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATOR
THE MICROS OLCCY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES
TOXIC TY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FEO HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
COR^EFORS BACTER U POULTRY DEEP LITTER KEYWORDS CORYN6FORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER
PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL AND WOOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEE
IHf INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY Di
THE IE«CH FOR NEW PALTRY LITTER MATERIALS-AN EXAMPLE Of COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION
ON OF POULfRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS OOOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
SNO RtuSE OF BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-G
AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY
LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEiE-ORYING TEMPER
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T
A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS
S^MONELLA IN WASTES PRODUCED AT COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS KEYWORDS SALMONELLA- ISOLATION
POLLUTION AND EUTROPH ICATI ON PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS
sSttolELl* SPV »NO S£ROTmS OF ESCHERICHIA COL1 ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALWORM .CD
PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALKONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS RODEN
A SSJlD AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MUED CULT
AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION
THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES
MYING POULTRY MANURE NSJOe THE POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MANURE
FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL- RANGELAND WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE
AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EQUlPNEN
SSSuRE M^TES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY OV1
BOD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY GROWERS AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BOD PROBLEMS POULTRY GR
pS?Y?2LORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORI NATED-HYDROCARBON-PESTIC IDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS HASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
FACED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS-
GASES AND ODORS fROM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IOEN
BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN BEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS
THFMFTAL COMPLEX ING CAPACITY AND THE NATURE UF THE CHELATING LIGANOS OF WATER EXTRACT
CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODCRS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTR
AERATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MAN.URE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE KE
CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS USING SOLIO-STATt CONTROLS KEYWORD CONFI
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD UOOR WAST
ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSI S IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF DURSBAN IN THE DRINKING WATER OF CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOD DURSBAN CHOLIN
RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC 6IOCHENIC
IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC*
TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAYING HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW MANURt ON THE PIGMENTATION OF E
SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWlN
FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC" TOXICI TY FROM FEEDING OURSBAN 0-0 DUIHYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLORO-2-P
LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IM SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY COMF1
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLUMRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DUCKS 800 CDLIFCRMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PL*
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS OOOR PUULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO
WATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY OOOR CLAYS CO
DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLOW-FURROW-COVER KEYWORDS COOR SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES L
148
-------
clIO 66 3136
200 66 0140
^00 66 01M
20U 66 Ol'tZ
21/0 66 Jl'iJ
2;,i> 66 01-.4
2uJ 66 Ul<>5
^uO 66 0147
^00 66 0146
200 08 0724
2'J'l 68 1186
200 69 0163
200 69 0172
200 69 0173
2uO 69 0179
2uu 69 1)166
200 69 0189
iOO 69 0192
2CO 69 0197
2uU 69 0200
200 69 0203
200 69 051o
200 70 0215
200 70 0243
200 70 0321
200 70 0323
200 70 0670
200 70 0715
200 70 0716
200 70 0717
200 fO 071H
20U 70 0719
200 70 6720
200 71 0606
200 71 0617
200 71 0661
200 71 0762
200 71 0768
200 71 0783
200 71 0786
200 71 07BB
200 71 0793
200 71 0794
200 71 0797
200 71 0805
200 71 0814
200 71 0815
200 71 0817
200 71 0821
200 71 0824
200 71 0831
200 71 0835
200 71 0842
200 71 0846
200 71 0849
200 71 0860
300 1105
300 46 1209
300 69 0631
300 69 0634
300 69 0637
300 69 0638
300 69 1061
[300 70 0204
1300 70 0206
'300 70 0208
300 70 0210
300 70 0213
JOO 70 0384
300 70 12*7
JOO 70 1248
300 71 0671
300 1 0412
300 71 0477
300 71 0515
300 Tl 0621
300 71 06Z3
300 71 0*26
300 71 0628
3UO 71 0629
300 71 0630
300 71 0673
300 71 0674
300 71 0677
300 71 1098
300 71 1126
300 72 1052
300 72 1182
300 72 1264
400 65 0356
400 66 0088
400 68 0449
400 69 0419
400 70 0022
400 70 006 B
400 70 0091
400 70 0109
400 70 0111
400 70 0308
400 70 0415
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY .
f
™ I
TU!?
KEYWORD INDEX
ON-SITE COMPORTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIF6 F6CAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP
UEWAHRING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS OEWATERING VACUUM SEWASE SLUD
REMOVAL Of MOISTURE FROM POULTRY HASTE 8Y ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS DEWATERING E
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS DEWATERING E
DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY MEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUEL
TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOO POU
VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRIT1VE-VA
CQPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH
ROLE OF THE RENDERER- IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC
GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIOUIO MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION
SPECIFICATIONS FOR "UlPMNt. FOR LIOUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW-FURROW-COVER METHOD
™L?«P?UlI?.VANbRE "" """"ION °f *" AND FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS KEYWORDS FER
CHANGES IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
"ANyRE CONSERVATION *EYI' WL'tKY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATER LYSJMETER PLOW-
MINIMU «b POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR 600 UK FERTILIZERS SLU
.Ao,Er,CJ, „? rAN° POLI-*JTI°'*' POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDERING-PLANT ODORS SEWAG
AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIO.UIO-HANOL ING SHUD MOISTURE-
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APtftfACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC
F«POUl-TIIV '"1I"JRE FROM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA
SANITATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOO SEW
SHNS PL*!M ' *EY«>R°S BOD POULTRY BACTERIA INDUSTRIAL-WASTE
RO" ™E uSE <"= POULTRY LITTER CN PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P
PAStURt • FSRtllUATIOl* USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-
ENT KEt»ORI5S EUTKOPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY
"" PCUUr10N ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ADMINISTRAT
»« L KEY»OR°S POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO
« E MANAaEM*NT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS OOOHS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
SULWlr ?2? Inn,?EvYI"'ATJON °F >-IV"TOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY
?»f ,,? ,l?Lr,UL, RTnMATE ("IOBLEH ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY
MTtrSr'nS «i«fl ?! OF MOOBUN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOCI
CONTRm nt nnnfj «n!S»Sf £'VE LIVESTOCK »ND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODOR'S LEGAL-A
AHMllh?A Se«J2??n 2? "ULTRY HOUSES KEYNtJRDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM
G»nwti «?«???! nr £T CO«ENTRATEO CHICKEN MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN NICROF
S*?M u.ri ul J ° U E" BACfER1A I" SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS -FEED MICRO
* Ulte «"«>""« »'T« SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN
K £"TES *EYN°RUS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
. KEYI*OROJ ODOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY
°UI>m "ANURt "tY»°R°S FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALU
E.HB ««Th^QR ™f "*"""-"« AND TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE
EFFECT nZSlre SI 2n ^l^l° *N° SOLID POUl-TR» «»NURE KEYWORDS 8IODEGRADATION N1TRIFIC
IfRnSIr ^S*Ir«°n/2™L'TI*V "•"'URE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW
THE uir SJ SI?S»?5n °BiI*Y **NUKE K|YWORO AERATION AtROB 1C-COND1TIONS WAStE-ASSIMILAT
JuflMT?v2 «2ii,2 ni ? ,?N°l f°* PCULTRY MOCESSIN6 WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-W
oMtD AN?MVf *l£l i^'S"!^?*?0" F0fl "Tt" BYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL
DEWA?F*?i? Lm 5Iv '"L* "9T£IN SUPPUMENT FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYCLING POULTRY NU
SULF S2i »e??,^I?LM*nUR6 BY CENTRlfUGAtlON KEYWORD CENTRIFUGATtON DEwATERING POULTRY
GRfL 2 «?r?mm l??in° TTH| *EGI SIR*T1 ON OF FEE01-tltS KSYWURDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
? ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
* ° l>mlCUlATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TM
mc ,Tim«£5nE=cQnNI6RE° 'N * COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
Jii«n, i Sv ? ¥ ?VE °OORS KEYI*OR°S POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNOS AMMONIA HYOROGEN-
2nIR?kL?YCCHEMIC*L "EA™ENt BYWORDS POULTRY AMMONI A-HYDROGEN-SULFIOE C»RBON-
5m?MT t" "€DING ""RATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
SSi,,L,«ION P«OI««M.AMO SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET DOUR co
Eu«?2UNi BY UD00" ""'C-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A
cAcf? /"WORDS. POllTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO
««n i^^T!!?r?9ULT"V"l
-------
400 70 0577
400 71 02V)
400 71 0294
400 71 0295
400 71 0297
400 71 0309
400 71 0327
400 71 0329
4UU 71 0349
400 71 0350
4UO 71 0463
*00 71 0465
400 71 057}
400 72 1130
400 73 1073
500 71 12S4
(,00 68 0471
600 72 1031
6oO 72 1076
700 70 1046
100 69 0374
100 69 0373
300 69 0636
100 69 0363
100 69 0360
100 65 1079
100 68 0502
100 69 OOB1
100 69 0376
100 70 0110
100 71 0476
100 71 0572
2tO TO 0217
200 71 0609
400 68 0439
400 69 0485
100 64 0333
luO 70 0691
200 66 0153
3UO 72 1052
40U 70 0024
109 67 0901
100 70 0013
200 73 1093
100 71 0748
200 69 0170
300 70 0209
300 71 0624
300 71 0625
300 71 0627
100 68 0337
100 70 0047
200 69 0188
100 69 0071
100 66 1080
100 70 0042
200 70 0214
300 69 1180
600 69 1005
200 71 1252
300 71 105B
300 71 1106
100 71 1221
400 73 1191
300 71 1106
100 70 0013
1UO 68 0090
300 46 1208
600 72 1076
100 64 0333
100 66 0341
100 69 0265
200 70 0687
200 71 0274
600 72 1002
100 71 1232
100 70 0047
100 65 0067
200 66 0124
200 66 0150
200 69 0174
200 69 0203
200 69 0425
200 69 0561
200 69 0562
200 70 0237
200 70 0238
200 70 0245
200 71 0703
200 71 0783
300 70 0455
400 67 0359
400 71 0435
100 70 0585
100 71 0572
200 69 0188
200 49 0521
200 69 0529
200 69 0539
200 70 0239
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
PCULIRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY-CROPPING*
POULTRY-DROPPINGS
POULTRY-OUST
POULTRY-HOUSES
POULTRY-LAGOUN
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-MANURE
POULTRY-MANURE
POULTRY-MANURE
POULTRY-MANURE
POULTRY-MANURE
POULTRY-MANURES
POULTRY-MANURE-REM
POULTRY-MANURE-SUP
POULTRY-ODOR
POULTRY-WASTE
POULTRY-WASTE
POULTRY-WASTE
POULTRY-WASTE
POULTRY-WASTE
POULTRY-WASTE-DISP
PRACTICES
PRACTICES
PRECIP
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION-ATMO
PRECIPITATION-ATMO
PRECIPITATION-ATMO
PRECISION
PRECONDITIONING
PREOATION
PREDATORS
PREDICTION-EQUATIO
PRESCRIPTIVE-RIGHT
PRESSURE
PRESSURE-BLOWER
PREVENTION
PREVENTION
PR6-TREATMENT
PRICING
PRIMARY-ODOR-LIST
PRIMATES
PRINCIPLES
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
K6YHORU INDEX
BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-UUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
MANURE MITES IN INTEGRATED FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CALIFORNIA FLY-CONTROL
OXIDATION LITCH IN CAGE LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY BOH N-IRELAND ODOR OX10ATION-D1
HRCODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE
CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSt EXHAUST ODORS KEYWORDS FILTERS OUST WATER-SPRAY CONTROL POUL
RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL DRIED-POULTRY
DISPOSAL OF HATCHEKY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA
MAU-MIXING FUR MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL
SCHEDULE MANURE REMOVAL TO AVOID FLY BREEDING KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA POULTRY ODORS FLY
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS CHEMICAL POULTRY CHARACTERISTICS
FEED ADDITIVE RESIDUES IN PUULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ADDITIVE-RESIDUES POULTRY
POULTRY WASTE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY HANDLING-SYSTEMS
THE OPCCO PRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT
NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
ACCELERATION OF NATURAL DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION UF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES POULTR
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC
ARTHROPOD-PREDATORS OF IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL
ARTHROPOD-PREDATORS Of IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL
PARTICULATE MATTER KEYnORtS CIRCULATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHYFILTER-PADS POULTRY-DUST CIO
(JDOR-TRANSPORT bY PART ICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROM
THE BACTERIAL-POPULATION UF AN INDOOR POULTRY-LAGOON KEYWORDS E-COLI HOD MICROORGANISM
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTEK NITROGEN BY SHESP KEYWORDS
MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS PDULTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN
DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM POULTRY-LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO
EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METhCDS UF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FRCM POULTRY-LITTER AND ANIMAL-F
ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENR1C
THE MICROFLORA UF SOUTHERN CH10 POULTRY LITTEK KEYWORDS FUNGUS PH BACTERIA MOLD POULTR
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER 10 A
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTEK MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA
REOULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION
THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC
POULTRY LITTEK AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-
AEKOBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRE
THF EFFfcCT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS
POULTRY MANUKE MARKETING KEYWORDS FtRHLUER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL
EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TU SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNUWATEH SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
DRItD POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE
INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OEGRA
INFLUENCE UF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS OIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED AN
DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS
THE ELIMINATION OF ODOR FRCM THE EFFLUENT GASES OF CHICKEN MANURE DRYING PLANT KEYWORD
THE VALUE OF HVDROLYZEO AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORD
THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATI
FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIDS NITR
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K
DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS FEED-EFFECIENCY R
A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-DISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOO N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANUKE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PREC I
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL HATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES CROUN
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC
RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TU SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOU COO FERTILIZERS
CATTLE FEEULOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
FACILITY DESIGN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF W4TEK-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES
NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GKOUNOWATER SURFACE-MATERS
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOCD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED AN
WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS MATER-LEVEL PREDICT10N-E9UATIONS WEIRS
GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TC ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
HIGH-TEMPEKATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR
AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRg
AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN TH6 HEST-OF-SCOTLA
PENICILLIN BY THE POUND KEYWORDS ANIMAL PATHOLOGY DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS DUE
OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG ABATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF
WHAT 00 WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING
USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR CUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODUR REGULA
WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEULOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPI
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF HASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01
PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL (IF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNOWATEft NITRA
WHO SHOULD REGULATE POULTRY CONFLICT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ODOR GOVT COMMUNICAT
ANIMAL HASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS RUN
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN
THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL f
THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE
MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT SCME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAN
SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BECOMES A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS ODOR GASES LAGOONS RE
WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ODCR AEROBIC-BACTERIA ROTOR PROB
THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO
BOD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY GROWERS AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BOD PROBLEMS POULTRY GR
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
HATER-QUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL
INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL ACTION-PROGRAMS TO SOLVE ANIMAL-WASTE-OISPOSAL
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH-COUNTV KEYWORDS JON ING LAND-USE REGULATION HATER-POL
FARM HASTES PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGIUATI
150
-------
200 70 0243
200 70 0715
200 71 0599
200 71 0647
200 71 0765
3UO 70 0204
300 71 OS 11
1UO 70 0367
200 69 0430
200 69 0563
100 71 0682
100 71 0680
200 66 0153
200 69 0055
3UO 70 IOB4
200 66 01 IT
400 68 0101
200 69 0431
100 67 044B
200 66 011S
200 66 0119
200 66 0121
200 69 0055
200 71 0281
200 71 0807
300 70 0211
300 72 1157
1UO 64 1200
2UO 72 1152
300 70 11V2
400 69 1045
400 71 1139
400 72 1166
300 70 1192
400 68 0101
100 70 0047
^00 69 0534
200 69 0546
200 64 0551
200 69 .1)552
200 69 095}
200 69 0555
200 69 0556
200 69 0557
200 69 0558
200 69 0566
200 71 0709
100 71 1213
200 71 0611
200 71 0614
300 1105
200 72 1027
300 69 1125
300 71 1055
100 64 0474
200 66 0115
200 66 0116
200 66 0121
200 70 0243
200 71 0831
300 71 0486
600 70 0080
100 65 1079
100 66 0422
100 71 0751
100 72 1222
200 66 0146
200 70 0716
200 71 0815
300 70 021J
300 71 0624
300 71 0625
300 71 0630
100 66 1080
100 70 0340
100 70 1037
100 71 1263
200 64 1241
200 66 0145
200 71 0785
200 71 0861
200 71 1096
200 72 1025
200 72 1030
200 72 1089
300 72 1070
300 72 1146.
400 71 0293
400 71 1134
400 71 1136
400 71 1172
600 72 1163
100 73 1088
200 71 0849
100 71 1213
200 64 1241
200 71 1099
500 71 1254
100 71 1213
200 66 0587
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
PROCESS
PROCESSING
PROCESSING
PROCESSING
PROCESSING
PROCESSING-PLANTS
PROCESSING-PLANT
PROCESSING-PROBLEM
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTIVITY
PROF I I
PROFIT
PROFITS
PRUGKAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGKAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAMM1NG-LANGUA
PROGKAMS
PROGRAMS
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM-PLANNING-R
PROJECTECl-LIVESTOC
PROJECTS
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEIN-INTAKE
PROTEIN-SUPPLEMENT
PROTEUS-VULGARIS
PROTOZOA
PROTOZOA
PROTOZOA
PSEUOOMONAS
PSEUOOMONAS
KEYWORD INDEX
MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL OUOR BOO UK FERTILIZERS SLU
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC
THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT, WASTE CONTROL, PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES INDUSTRI
HOLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIHAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWO
PUULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO
ANIMAL WASTE REUSE NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW
NITROGEN AND AMJNO AGIOS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND D
CATTLE FEEOLOI WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIQ
A RECOMKENOEO PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN
AEKATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MANURE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE KE
ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY ANO DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS TRANSPORTATION PROCES
POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDOE OIL WATE
DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DUCKS BOO COLIFORMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-FLA
MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION
INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES ANO FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
LIVESTUCK-WASTE KEYWORDS COPROLOGY BYPRODUCTS PRODUCTION
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTION COL1F
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING UEHYDrtATEO-POULTRY-WASTE ON PRODUCTION, FEED-EFFICIENCY. BODY-WEI
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE
PERFORMANCE OF HEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
ACKICULTUKtS CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU
MOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEULOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUO RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWOKDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORKS KEYWORUS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR
PRINCIPLES ANO PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR
COLUMBIA-COUNTY PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT OODR 2UNIN6 NITRATES PROGRAM
THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA
MINNESOTA FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULAT
STATUS.PLANS,! NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DA
STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS
STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEDLCT POLLUTION CONTROL PRGGRAM-EXTEMPURANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS
STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A
STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS
COLORADO S STATEMENT. STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION C
DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLUT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUTION s
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
U S U A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS AOMINISTRATIVE-AGENC
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO
RULE ANO REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS PROGRAM-PLAN*!NG-REV1EW
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W
ANNUAL REPORT UF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
PROPERTIES ANU PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWCROS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
PHYSICALt CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FARM WASTES BOVINE ANIMALS KEVWOR
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP
MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL DOOR BOD UK FERTILIZERS SLU
EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KF.YW
FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIDATION-01T
FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL ANU WUOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTtRS KEYWORDS FEE
ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA
ROLE OF THE RENOERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC
BIOOEGRADAT10N OF POULTRY MANURE FROM CAGED LAYERS KEYWOKOS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA
DRYING POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR URYINS PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY
ACCEPTABILITY ANO DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY ANO DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL-
FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TC DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AM1NO-ACI05 N1TR
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K
A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY UR 't J BENNE KEYWO
«J*?GE? "MPOUNOS "* NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORUS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORUS
CHROMIC OXIDE ANO CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTRIC
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORUS RUMINANTS PROTCZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRIT1VE-VA
A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FUR CATTLE WASTES KEYWORUS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT
CONCENTRATION OF PROTE1NACEOUS SOLIDS FRUM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR KEYWORD RECYC
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWOKDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
RECOVERY UF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYwOROS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SwlNE WASTES KEYWORDS
«?i?n,DiIIr2f IME,BLU6-GR«N ALtAE ANU THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANUKE-OISPOS
tnl?L°TcS*STE UIILI«° EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHE£P FEED-LOTS PHOT
SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K
! ul« A«UT POLLOTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE bRuSH-CCNTROL FARM-WASTES RECYCLING PR
n?T?OE?c0J CONflNe«NT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-WA
'J.'i1!!;?.'!" SOU"CE KE^0ROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
r ! £.!^Ce °F PROT6IN BYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN
« «JcE.!FFECT OF PROTEIN '"TAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION o
DRIED ANIMAL HASTE AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYCLING POULTRY NU
JuSS?nUIfS PROGRAM fOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
?«r!!,£ONf!"N" °F SOCIETY FOR »"'•'« BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTER C-
HYDROGEN SULF10I AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS KITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO
151
-------
1. .' 7t 110"
ICO 71 1213
KUH 72 1001
it,J 70 040?
1. . h& 1080
I. j 67 1213
«.'0 66 Oil a
2LJ 71 0656
:,.J 71 1093
100 40 1207
JOO 53 1206
l.u 67 124$
360 69 1044
3uJ 69 11)60
HU ti't 1124
300 70 OS92
2wu 71 0664
300 69 1203
2uO 71 0795
iOO 70 0520
100 69 1198
400 68 0015
400 73 1168
luO 64 0474
100 6!> 0067
100 72 0746
200 71 0286
300 67 0711
6UO 12 1071
100 58 0560
2uO 66 0122
200 66 0123
2UO 71 0799
400 65 0332
200 71 0000
2oO 71 l')440
300 70 0491
200 71 0814
200 73 1082
200 73 1083
»UO 72 1171
200 70 0240
200 71 OB07
6UO 70 0469
600 72 1002
100 72 1222
300 71 0538
500 70 0*09
200 69 0198
200 69 0517
100 70 1217
100 72 1215
700 70 1256
100 66 0063
100 71 0303
300 71 1106
300 71 1126
300 71 1126
100 67 0104
300 68 1202
400 71 1139
100 69 1198
100 70 0372
100 70 1233
100 71 031B
luO 73 1087
200 66 0120
200 68 0726
200 6« 0184
200 71 0709
200 71 0778
300 67 0701
300 68 0702
300 68 1202
300 73 1009
200 68 0434
200 66 1112
600 70 0255
200 69 0423
200 69 0428
200 69 0430
300 70 0010
300 72 10B5
600 70 0255
200 69 0182
200 69 0189
200 66 0144
200 69 0056
100 70 0458
300 68 0256
600 71 0271
100 70 0021
300 72 1052
600 T2 11T7
300 71 0466
300 69 0006
400 65 0485
100 64 0333
100 64 0072
PSEUL'uMU.US
PSEU03"ON4S-4e«UGI
"SYCHOCA-FLY-L4KVA
PUaLlC-StENClES
PUoLIC-HElLTH
PUOLIC-H61LTH
PUHLIC-HE4LTH
PUbLIC-HESLTH
PUBLlC-HESLfH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUrtLIC-HEALTH
PUULIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUbLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH-AGEN
PUttLIC-HEftLTH-ADMI
PUBLIC-HEALTH-HAZA
PUBLIC-RELATIONS
PULP-WASTES
PUMP
PUNP
PUMPIMG
PUMPING
PUMPING
PUMPING
PUMPING
PUMPING
PUMPS
PUMPS
PUMPS
HUMPS
PUMPS
PUMP-TESTING
PUNITIVE-DAMAGE;
PYRAMIU-LAKE-MEV
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
QUALITY
QUALITY
QUALITY .
QUALITY
QUALITY-CONTROL
QUALITY-CONTROL
QUALITY-LEVELS
QUALITY-STANDARDS
QUANT ITES
QUATIC-8ACTERIA
QUENCHING
RACIOACTIVE-TKACER
RADIOACTIVE ,
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
RAD10ACTIVJTY-EFFE
KAD10ECOLOGY
RAIN -.',
RAIN
RAIN
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL 1
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL-CONTROL
RAINFALL-INTENSITY
RAINFALL-INTENSITY
RAINFALL-RUNOFF
RAINFALL-RUNOFF
RAINFALL-RUNOFF
RAINFALL-RUNOFF
RAINFALL-RUNOFF-RE
RAINFALL-RUNOFF
RAINFALL-SIMULATOR
RANKING 1
RAPPAHANNOCK-R IVER
RATE
RATES <
RATES 1
RATES 1
RATES-OF-APPLICATI i
RATES-OF-APPLICATI 1
RATES-CF-APPC.ICATI 1
RATE-OF-CONCENTRAT
RATE-OF-FLOW !
RATE-OF-GAtN 1
RATIO '
RATION I
KEYWORD INDEX
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-6IOLOGY
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING M1CROORGAN1SMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
INtLINEU-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
COMFINtME-lT-HEARING OF TURKEYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSVCHROMETRICS CONTROL
LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N
ulTROGCN COMPOUNDS IN NATUK4L WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
FUTURE WATER 3UALITY DEilCN KEYWORDS ViATER-OUAL ITY WATER-PUILUTION WATER-&UAL I TV-MANAGE
HtHth ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLlC-HEALT
'CHLOK IKiATIUM dF WASTEWATER EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DISINFECTION WATER-TREATMENT PUBLIC-HE!
SUMMER COlFERtNCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORD MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
FAIHES V UUPREE WATER POLLUTION FHUM ANIMAL WASTED KEYWWM, ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES
POLLUTION UK STREAMS KEYNCHOS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUT I0fl STKEAMS SOURCES
AGRICULTURAL AND RELATtD WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS. WASH-01 SPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITRDSIN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SQIL-NI
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWCHDS NORTH-BAKU!A SOURCES WATER-POLLUT10N-CUNTROL
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTOKS OX MOVEMENT CF NITRATE N.n»,'U(,f.N IN SOIL PROFILES AND UN TRANS
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL HASTE UISPtJSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT
ADVISORY 5ROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE
FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS' NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG
AGRICULTURAL-WASTES IN AN URBAN-ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RfcSEARC
CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
CATTLS FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON PON.') FUR
CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING
PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CMAKACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS N 01APHRAGM-PUHP
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILl A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMP I
RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC (JIOCHEM1C
AGRICULTURAL-BENEFITS FROM URBAN POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMEN
THE NITRATE HAZARD IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL
A COMPARISON UF, THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT ANO TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES IN HANDLING. UCUIO MATERIALS KEYWORDS PUMPS ENGINEERING LIQUID
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS OOCR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE D1SPO
PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES 'KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC
AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS KEYWOKUS, IIQUIU-WASTES' PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES
HOW HE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL
MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SF.MI-LICUIO AND MANURE KEYWORDS L
LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TC ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS NUI
WATER-QUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN INLAND-SINKS KEYWORDS SALINITY EUTROPHICATION PYRAH1
PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
COSTS FOR LARGE iCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-HASTES WASTE-OISPO
MOMFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FCR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PLASTICS TILES
WA'TER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYW'KDS L
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTIUN COLIF
WHY DUES IT SMELL .50 BAD KEYWORDS ODOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES
USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOC FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA
CHARACTERISTICS' OF WASTES FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF 8UALITY-CO
ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS .WATER-QUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VS ENVIRONMENT*'. QUALITY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFFICIEN
QUANTITIES ANO CHARACTERISTICS OF FA«M ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION POPULAT
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPMOKUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES S01L-CONTAMINHT
SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RAO
METABOLIC FAFF, OF UBIQUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL
MANAGING OUP. ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
SAVANNA* RIVER' ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN
SAVANNAlH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTfU ENT-REOUIREMEN
MOOELINC FEEDLOT RUNOFt- POLLUTION KEYWORDS COO DISCHARGE HYOROGRAPHS CONCENTRATION S
OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF 1NSECTICI
HOW WEATNEK AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-HITS FARM-WASTES ME
CHEMICAL ANO DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOF-F FLOWARE KF.YWUKOS
DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEtOLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SWIACE -DRAINAGE GRO
LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WAT [ K-t'l'l I.UT ION-SOUR.C
RUNOFFl SOLID WASTES, AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS UK) HOD DO SOIL-C
ENRICHMENT -OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITH.OCEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
STOftMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FESDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAlNFA
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
TREATMENT OF HASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS-FI ELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONOIT
BEEF CATTLE F6EDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUI1CJN R
LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO
WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOD COLIFORM FISHK
BUFFALO LAKE PROJECT RANDALL COUNTY,TEXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA COLIFORHS
OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECIICI
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE F6EDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CAULS fEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINEME
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOUPCES SURFACE-RUNO
EFFECTS OF MANURE-DEPTHS ON RUNOFF FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RAINFAL
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-O
DESIGN FOR FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY AND CHAKACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-R
CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER DUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQ
THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF, SOLID-WAST
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLCT KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF MANURE-DEPTHS ON RUNOFF FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE-FEEDLQTS KEYWORDS RAINFAL
CATTLE FEepLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLCGY KEYwnrfDS HYDROGKAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INIEN
MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MAN'JRES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO
TREATMENT OF DUCK HASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KEYWORDS
USE OP SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA
USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYwoi-r; FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENE
GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS wlTrl UlFFUENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR
EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AERATION, AND SUIL PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AN
EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TC SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNUWATtR SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
INFILTRATION RATES ANO GKOUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DE
POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-
AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYHORCS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRE
A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SORGUUM NIT
152
-------
20'J 69 0183
2ou 73 1062
*00 /O 010-y
600 71 1075
200 69 0170
100 69 0071
100 69 03*1
tOO 72 10B9
100 70 1217
100 65 033*.
200 69 0191
lOu 71 1221
2oO 71 0616
2ou 71 O62'j
Jou 3U 1205
3oU 4V 1210
<:00 70 02*2
*UO 71 0439
100 6S> 0311
ItJ 69 0058
200 66 0135
200 70 02*8
*oJ 70 0097
*00 73 11B1
200 68 12**
3oO TO 0668
ioa M 0571
100 72 1199
. ;j 72 1215
100 69 1231
100 70 0051
100 71 1212
200 69 0*26
SOU *9 1210
300 6« 0702
-,oO 70 0*06
3OO 6* 1110
2oO 69 1117
600 69 1004
30J 69 0093
200 68 0725
?.o 71 0705
300 71 1238
200 71 08**
*00 71 0327
300 71 1238
100 65 0366
100 65 1079
100 72 07*6
100 73 1086
100 73 118*
200 70 0325
200 71 0802
200 71 08*5
200 71 08*6
200 71 08*7
200 71 08*8
200 71 08*9
200 71 0850
200 71 0851
200 71 0652
200 71 0853
200 71 0358
200 71 0861
200 72 1011
200 72 1012
200 72 1021
200 72 102*
200 72 1025
200 72 1030
200 72 1089
200 73 1062
200 73 1062
200 73 1083
200 73 1093
300 70 106*
300 71 0623
300 71 0627
300 71 1081
300 72 1070
3UO 72 1182
*00 70 1132
*00 70 1133
*00 71 113*
*00 71 1172
*00 72 1190
400 72 1171
400 73 1068
*00 73 11*S
400 73 1168
600 72 1031
600 72 1076
600 72 1163
2DO 69 0179
200 69 0193
700 69 0712
100 71 0261
100 71 1221
200 69 0553
300 70 0*75
HATIC.J
RATION
RATION
RATION
RATIUhS
RATION-COMPOSITION
HATS
RATS
REACREATION
REACTIONS
KEACTION-TEKPCHATU
KFA&EMTS
REAP
REAP
REASONAKLC-USE
REASQNABLF-USt
KEClrlCULATCO
HCCIRCOL«T:D-UATER
RECIRCOLATEO-WATER
RECIRCULATEO-WATER
RECIRCULATE3-WATER
HECLAIMED-WATER
RECLAMATION
RECOVERY
RECOVERY
RECOVERY
RECREATION
RECREATION
RECREATION
RECREATION
RELREATIOn
RECREATION
RECREATION
RECREATIONAL-USE
RECREATION-WASTES
ECURRecENERA
RECURRENCE-INTERVA
KEYWORD INDEX
THb EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL
SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS MKAINS
THE VALUE OF HYDROLYZED AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORD
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF .CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT
JU2ECICrED r?E° SOURCE fM" AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASHES KEYWORD? TREATMENT
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WAfER flUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
CH-M,rM A^'r^c'^ "EACnONS FROM LAGOONS U«° F°R BATTLE KEYWORDS OXIo"""™
LHCKICAL ASPECTS OF ODOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOIL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIDE SOIL-
SuI'^.^uiPfrV! MERCURY IN POOD PRODUCTS ANO BIOLOGICAL FLUluS BY AERATION I FLAMELESS
THE LAKE MENDCTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPOR
RtUJHMENUATIOMS UF NATIUIUL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS ADMIN ISTRATIVE-AGENCIE
M^.o,RcV.UJ'tbLcl?JVNCTIC"< T0 PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING WATER BY CATILE KEYWORDS
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FUR POLLUTION UF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D
MINIMIZING THf WASTF DISPOSAL PR03LEM IN VEGETAOLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERS
FLUSHING AWAY MA.NUKF. PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RLCJRCULATEU WATER MJGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHI
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SLPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATEO-W
R»^E,^r-"A^T!!AIfc'
-------
iuu 70 0324
200 71 0609
4UJ 73 1060
300 hi 1060
3uO tt 1203
300 71 1261
300 71 0515
4uj 71 1137
iuJ 70 0410
luO 68 0087
IUO 69 00-15
luj 70 10">1
2uCl 69 0181
200 69 0535
2iU 69 0540
200 69 0551
tQU 69 0552
ll)l> 69 0554
200 69 0555
200 69 0556
200 69 0559
2uO 69 0560
2UO 69 0563
200 70 1175
200 71 0595
200 71 0596
200 71 0598
200 71 0599
200 71 0600
200 71 0601
200 71 0609
200 71 0765
2uO 71 0819
200 71 1094
300 1105
3uO 67 1249
300 68 1202
300 69 1061
300 70 03113
300 70 1247
300 71 0301
300 71 0704
300 71 1246
400 70 1133
400 72 1166
600 72 1002
200 69 0557
2UO 69 0558
200 69 0566
200 71 0594
200 71 0597
200 71 0664
200 71 0709
300 71 0744
300 72 1157
4UO 70 0069
200 69 0933
200 71 0844
200 69 0203
200 72 1018
200 72 1018
300 69 0004
100 69 0060
300 30 1205
200 66 0150
400 73 1191
200 70 1050
300 30 1205
300 68 1202
300 68 1209
100 65 0263
200 66 0141
200 66 0142
200 69 0191
200 69 0192
200 69 0197
200 71 0658
200 71 0857
300 71 0099
200 69 0191
300 71 0745
400 71 0568
200 69 0520
200 70 0321
200 64 1241
200 66 0132
200 68 0724
300 69 0003
100 70 0368
200 69 0181
200 69 0432
200 69 0525
200 69 0326
200 69 0527
200 69 0548
200 69 0564
200 69 0565
200 70 0322
200 70 0323
200 71 060*
KEFEEOING
HEFEEUING
RfcFEtOING
KEFUSE
REFUSE
"*EGIONAL-PROOUCTIO
REGISTRATION
REGISTRATION
REGISTRATION
KElAeSSION-ANALYSI
REGKESSION-AN&L
REGRESSION-ANALYSI
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REuULATIUN
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATION
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS
REGULATORY
REGULATORY
REGULATORY-MECHANI
REGULATORY-WASTE-C
REGULATORV-WASTE-C
REINFORCED-CONCRET
RELATION
RELATIVE-RIGHTS
RELOCATION
RELOCATION
REMEDIES
REMEDIES
REMEDIES
REMEDIES
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL-MECHANISM
RENDERING
RENDERING
RENDERING-PLANTS
RENDERING-PLANT
REPRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
REOUIREMENTS
REQUIREMENTS
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
KEYWORD INDEX
DISPOSAL OF SOLID AGRICULTURAL-HASTES - CONCEPTS ANO PRINCIPLES KEYWORDS RESEARCH-NEE
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AW POULTRY HASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION
NEK FEEDLUT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED WANWIE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-OAKOT* SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
FOULING OF MATERS « MISDEMEANOR MY*0I»DS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THI •CITtce rflOINO SCITOOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECCNOM
FECAL RESIDUES FROM LARVICI08S—PpCfl,TWY, AND tATTLE 'KEYWORDS PAThOCENlC-BACTERIA BORON
REGISTRATION IS REOUlKEU AS GOVERNMENT HOVES fO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED
ALLIANCE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGISTRATION INVENTORY WASTE-MA
AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYWORDS BOD COO VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES REGRES
blO-OXIDATlON OF SWINE-HASTE til THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES AN
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY ATO NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG
FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE f (ft'ACTION' KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION G
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH-COUNTY KEYWORDS ZONING LAND-USE REGULATION WATER-POL
INDUSTRY ANO THE ENVIRONMEINT-FEEOLCT HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOS
MINNESOTA FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RESUIAT
STATUS.PLANS,S NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DA
MISSOURI S ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT AUMINISTRA
STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEBLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS
STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA . KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-SUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULAT
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVEIOPNK.'* WODEL FEEULOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN
ANIWAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERM ITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E
SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEDLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA
MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI
THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDUJT, WASTE CONTROL, PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG
STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES
PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULA
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION
ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS CF ISttCUttURU *NWOUEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHO
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF Et
-------
2uO 72 1026
3uJ 71 0621
2JJ 69 0549
>OJ 72 1012
2UO 70 0322
200 70 0320
2Ju 7U 0324
200 70 0326
3UO 70 0455
100 70 US*
100 70 1194
300 71 12*5
100 70 n<*4
3Uu 71 1126
100 69 0361
2UU 69 Ul-y5
5UO 70 0397
5UO 71 0511
100 70 lilt
100 69 0265
2UO 71 0277
200 71 0278
200 70 1050
UO 66 0479
600 69 1006
600 72 1074
20J 71 0650
200 71 0856
300 71 0412
200 69 0425
200 70 0755
400 73 1191
400 73 1007
200 73 1082
300 68 0256
400 71 1196
300 70 1192
Ilia 71 0461
100 68 0481
100 69 0035
100 70 0260
100 70 0678
100 70 0723
200 71 0608
200 71 0609
200 71 0651
300 71 0622
400 71 0753
200 70 0242
100 68 0337
100 68 0036
2UO 71 0617
300 70 0489
100 73 1155
400 73 11B1
100 63 1064
300 26 1204
300 26 1204
300 30 1205
200 70 0240
300 26 1204
300 46 1208
100 70 1194
100 71 1197
200 Tl 1099
300 110!
300 69 0093
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
300 71 1055
200 70 0236
300 71 1246
100 66 0341
100 66 10BO
100 70 0024
300 71 1126
200 69 0536
100 70 1194
200 71 0784
200 &9 0201
200 70 0227
600 72 1071
300 69 0006
400 6? 0359
100 60 0106
200 69 0177
200 69 017S
200 69 0179
200 70 0218
200 70 0728
600 70 0098
200 69 0166
300 68 0749
700 68 0330
100 70 11H
300 68 0741
100 55 0328
200 64 1241
100 73 1155
100 71 0273
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH-ANO-UEVEL
RESEARCH-AHD-DEVEL
RESEARCH-FUNUS
RESEAHCH-NEEUS
RESEARCH-NEEDS
RESEARCH-NEEDS
RESEAHCH-NEEUS
RESEARCH-POLICY
RESEARCH-STRATEGY
RESEKVOIR
KESEKVOIRS
RESERVOIRS
RESIDUE
RESIDUES
RESIDUES
RESIUUESREUSE
RESINS
RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE
RESOURCES
RESOURCE-ALLOCATIO
RESPIRATION
KESPIRATION-RATE
RESPUATORY-RATE
RESPONSE
RESPONSE
RESPONSE
RETENTION
RETENTION
RETENTION-POND
RETENUON-POiMDS
RETORT
RETURNS
RETURN-FLOW
RETURN-MONETARY
REUSE
REUSt
REUSE
REUSE
REUSE
REUSE
REUSE
REUSE
REUSE
REUSE
REUSE
REVERSE-OSMOSIS
REVIEW
RE-USE
RE-USE
RE-USE
RHAMNOSE
RHODE-ISLAND
RHOOIA-RP-9895
RIPARIAN-LAND
RIPARIAN-RIGHT
RIPARIAN-RISHTS
RIPARIAN-WATER
RIPARIAN-WATER
RIPARIAN-WATER
RIVERS
RIVERS
RIVERS
RIVERS
RIVEKS
RIVERS
RIVERS
RIVERS
RIVER-AUTHORITIES
RIVER-BASINS
RIVER-POLLUTION
ROCKS
RODENTS
RODENTS
ROLE
ROOTED-AQUATIC-PL A
ROTATION
ROTATIONS
ROTATIONS
ROTATION-B10LOGICA
ROTOR
ROTOR
ROTORS
ROTORS
ROTORS
ROTORS
ROTORS
MOTORS
ROTORS
ROTOR-AERATION
ROTOR-AERATION
ROTOR-DESIGN
RUBBER
RULES
RUMEN
RUMEN
RUMEN-L10UOR
RUMEN-M1CROFIORA
KEYWORD INDEX
REGIOMAL ADMINISTRATORS SUKFARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RESEARCH
?HE"'uNtIVERSmESN RR-ff'£AR1C«Rn?nTTS KEYWURDS °OOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED
IEGIUNAL f?vEi?nn< 2«TJ «M?c2I ?°tLUTIDN CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-A
ei.S, 7»r rh C STE M4N*GEMeNT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS fcNVlRONME
OSBECE .??^?^*?^''1..^?;"? L
ERD
™ PN
NLumvi: ujF nt n RE"°RT "7l KE™CRDS BORON NUTRIENT-REQU.REMEN
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AERDBlC-TRFATMf NT
IOIIC 'N «OIM'« "'CROblAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEE™?"*"! E ?I
»n« MTO?! CULTURAL WATER FROM CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND BANK WEEOS KEY«OR
U$E NUTR'"VE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW
pCUNnLS«r^?SCHLORI>'iTED-HYDROCARBON-|'ESIICIOES "oJ-CHAINS E ET
R? KFvSn«n? R°L«;?JM*L "^OlOCV DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS DISE
THE uENcoF GRlSEDH^VE F 0 H
-
3RQHTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY WASTES KEY^SS FERTU
AN!MALFWAS?EI °FAS^0P^LTR? MANURE ON SOIL' ™>"t™< "o TOMMO K YWOR^S CROP
FEE^OT SIIII ^ „ np?n. °tcvTiDN PROl!l-EM "YWOROS BCD COO HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
FEEOLOT WASTE IM FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL
F^nJ? ?rEn,h?^r°N S°LVES "ANV PRMLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYSo^S
COS?! FHR ?«p? «?I,e*rnlT? T° LEARN ™EU MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM
COSTS FDR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SQL ID-m<;TFS crisis
'5 FER"^'"«° "LTs'cOMPOMl" RAT » R TURNs" III
POLLUTIDN LAWS KFVyrun^ i crAt ACDCTTC on»,i,tinu no
R '"" """" '"^™? Ke^f ON^O °m ? o -
c KEV"ORDS "UULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT'S
1** R°LE F0" ""'CULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE WASTE W
*tJr*,r0* POSS1BLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD coo PH SEPTIC-TAN
EN MANU"E UN°ER AER06IC ANO ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
*™ ENT KEYWORDS REUSE ODOR POLLUTION FUTURE MANAG
FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS REUSE UTILIZATION
$E FE", L UAT lON^UTR^irpHOSPHORUS NITROGEN
AN° PUULIItr W»STES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION
INGOON ^VWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-TREATMEN
WASEi n HF
IKEATMENT UF lllf ?4J?Pf
GKUWTH or mclaa»ziNilH\ ,
?HE FUTURE OF F^SAi^
FEEDING viLUE OF ?AT?l t
KtbOING VALUE OF CATTLE
I CUL ORY°
ANIMAL WASTE WL I h
EARLY E*
o
'N
o=DSfJ8ILITles
" 8 M T
KEY"°*°s BOO N
Co 00 EV K
p K MOISTURE-CONTENT
INTESTINAL
*
OF
SUMMER CQN
RULE
* ?BI° ENJQIN SEt"GE FLOVl KEy""*OS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO
Ar*RrH r°UCy °" EUTROPHI CAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
n« *S? ^LTURAL IMO "EYWORUS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
S CnSCiEIV c°R APf>LIEO "»CTER10LOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-PUL
ASPEC nF «I^nREGi!IRATION DF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
W!T»! . u.cn! AST£ CONTROL KEYWORDS BOO DO RIVERS WATER-OUAL ITY STREAM
wi «c I 2 c^MEAN°R KeYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
"»" "
FOUL" c
""SpS.srs'ttirsissw^
ROLE OF EXCRETED CHLORTETRACYCLINt IN MODIFYING THE DKOwSsiuSS PMUUlH FEEOLOT WA
-------
loo n 1034
2DO 64 1241
300 71 £098
iOO 71 1354
100 62 0292
1^0 06 0506
100 67 0079
100 67 0302
IOC 68 0090
loo 6H 1121
100 69 0071
luO 64 live
100 70 00*2
ICQ 70 0083
100 7U 0372
100 70 0417
100 70 0458
100 70 0738
100 7O 1194
luj 70 1195
100 71 0318
100 71 0444
10U li 0571
loJ 71 0573
100 71 0721
100 71 0722
100 71 0729
100 71 1030
100 71 1039
IOC 71 1228
100 72 1129
200 64 0759
200 66 0115
200 66 0120
200 66 0139
200 67 0734
200 67 1243
200 68 0434
200 68 0694
200 68 0726
200 66 11B6
200 69 0182
200 69 0183
200 69 0423
200 69 0424
200 69 0425
200 69 0426
200 69 0433
'200 69 05* 1
'200 69 0942
200 69 0943
200 69 0544
200 69 0949
200 69 0947
200 69 0948
200 69 0949
20U 69 0550
200 69 0556
200 69 0557
200 69 0560
20U 69 0961
200 69 0962
200 69 0563
20U 69 06T6
200 69 0708
200 69 1185
200 70 0054
200 70 0214
200 70 0224
200 70 0232
200 70 0240
200 70 0498
200 70 0670
200 70 0715
200 70 0727
200 70 07*7
200 71 0586
200 71 0596
200 71 0997
200 71 0602
200 71 0604
200 71 0605
200 71 0607
200 71 0610
200 71 0640
200 71 0646
2oO 71 0703
200 71 0733
200 71 0762
200 71 0770
200 71 0773
200 71 0773
200 71 0775
200 71 0778
200 71 0779
200 71 0789
200 71 0796
200 71 1095
200 71 123*
200 72 1010
RUMEN-SAMPLING
KUMINANTS
RUMINANTS
RUMINANTS
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RU.lOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNUFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RU.VOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
KEYWORD INDEX
TECHNIQUES FOK SAMPLING AND HANDLINS OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SVSTE
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYHORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS A9UATIC-PLANTS FISH PO
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYHORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHQTOS
AGKICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF bOD DISEASE LAND DRAIN
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOD COD FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE
SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS
SALMONELLA INFANTIS IN CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS SALMONELLA INFANTIS FEEDLOT RUNO
JILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS WEIRS
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI
CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARf OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC
BEEF-FEEOLOT OPERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LANO-DISPOSAL BE
DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GRO
ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILIZERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA
MODELING FEEDLOT POLLUTION I ANALOG SIMULATION KEYWORDS KUNOFF MODELING FEEOLOT
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPH[CAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHlCATION
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
RUNJFF, SOLID WASTES, AND CITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEDLCTS KEYWORDS COO 600 DO SOIL-C
PROLONGED SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION OF A RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RUNOFF WATERS KEYWORDS SA
EFFECT UF METHOD OF MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELOSt NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES
METHODS OF REMOVING SETTL6A8LE SCLIOS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM E8UIPMENT DESIGN KtYWURO FERTILIZER OOUR RUNOF
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS A
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWCRDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLANO AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS
STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS 81OCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND CHEMICA
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA
CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COO BOD ACT IVATEU-SLUDGE RUNOFF A
CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLCTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION
THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINSME
THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL CF\ATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER DUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS HYDKOGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTEN
THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
2 NO COMPENDIUM Of ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-0
ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF-A MAJOR WATER QUALITY CHALLENGE KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOD POLLUTANT-lOE
ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOO COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEECLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-8UAL
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF
FEEOLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C
ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNDWATER FISH-KILL
INDUSTRY S KOLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MI
HUW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO
CONTROL DEVICES FDR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS
BF^FARfH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTtS FROM CATTLt FEEOLOT
THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN F6EDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-A
JSw ™ GMN JuBUC SUPPORT KEYWORDS RUNOFF POLLUTION-ABATEMENT CATTLE
5T»TU« REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGXAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A
STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FRCM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-CUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULAT
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FRO* F6EULOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUN
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN
rHFMIfAL AND HICROBIAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEL/LOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOO COD TEST-PR
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HER6I
POLLUTION POTENTIAL Of LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS
RELATIONSHrP OF AGRICULTLHE TO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COD FERHLIJERS
HYDROLOGIC-STUOIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FtEDLOTS IN EASTERN NEB
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATI
WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS L
WATER POLLUT ON CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS OE
ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE F6EDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT OESIGN-CRITER
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND ALTERNATIVES FUR WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WATER
SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEOLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL IPA
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANCMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF
STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT V
STATUS OF UAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT ANU MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS OAIRY-INDUSTR
CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GKOUNDWATER-FERTILITY SOIL-
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEME
WATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER KEYWORDS RUNCFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE CO
HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING SEPARAT
FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNO
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT SCME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS i MOISTURE-CONTENT SAM
ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FCR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORD \ RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GROUNUWATER
MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS FEED
MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS FfeO
TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY.
LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGAUO
EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTi-TRE
ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL UUALITY STANDARDS FOR ArtlMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS
DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANI FRCM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION 6Y USE 0
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY CF A PUND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES
-------
KEYWORD INOFX
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3 5
I
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ss
is
SB
UJOO
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RUNUFP
SS
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DISPOSAL
^ !!
iuj'Vl
ail
il
*0fr 69
*UO Tl
SSJ
075V -
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S5SJ
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Si
I
RUNOFF
HUNUFF
^ F : ' ?^ [ E "F '^
? r S :2 S h S2UL.S":5S^ 'ESS!
' *i'SR "^LUT ION CONTROL KETKORO FEEB-IBTS CATTLE RUNOFF
ff/K =S» ™H=™=i
«K CUlT^tS CwJil^utrON tl ?« «»tfl SSKJn^T"5 "*""* "»TER-00»UTY-AU DAMS RUNO
OlS^OSlitt OF iNIM.t NASTIS KByEnJnS k«JT'!?*2E r*^L L*KE K€yi<0«0S EUTROPHICAT ICJN NU
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Joo TO
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ss ?! us:
,; - ; r » .s
1656
SJSJ
SALINITY
s:t!S!«
UNSEEN FOE
)00 71
400 73
100 64
100 6*
100 67
100 67
109 69
100 69
100 70
100 TO
100 70
100 71
100 TI
100 71
1100
1181
034)
0349
0302
0376
0714
0026
0094
1217
0451
0)7J
1212
SALMON
SALMON
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
.SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
^BSs^K^^^^^---^
'WL °f fEELLOT 'LAGOON WATER UN iCJE PHYSICAL AMD CI4EM1CAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS. KEYHO
nniTr^ii. . ?? '""POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
1 ^, .,??v.rt"5 'N MI-AHOW. KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA KATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
.L POLLUTANTS. ON .ALB U58S . K6YKOKDS bUO COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L
ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS MAIER SALIN
ODr-iii cut ik '!» " "~AI6 CONTENT ANU TKENOS BENEATH URBAN AND AG
rKLBLcMS IM AR 10 .REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES1 ViATER-^UAL 1 TY SO
APPLICATION ON SELECTED SCIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYU
i UBCANic MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA
I INLAND-SINKS KEYWORDS SALINITY EUTROPHICATION PYRAMI
IE WAK OM ("OLLUTIOM KEYHORiiS AGRICULTURE! WATEK-PDLLUTIO
17 tNVIKijNM£\T AGRICULTURE WATEK-POLLUTION-CO
1 *"LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPfeCTS POLLUTlON-AB
PPLIC4TIONS KEYHDHDS APPLICATION-METHODS
KEYHDHDS FiRM-nAstEs KASTE-OISPOSAL CATIL
IE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROi MERCLfRY NEUTRO
HECIKCULATEu-hATEK SALMON RHODE-ISLAND
••"-"-•' MUD A,'
-------
100 71 1213
100 73 1164
200 66 0144
200 71 06*1
200 71 0795
200 71 0625
300 70 1104
400 67 0336
100 70 0110
100 70 0024
100 71 04*4
100 69 0736
100 71 1213
200 66 0118
400 66 0354
100 70 1051
110 70 1237
300 1077
400 70 0109
300 70 0491
200 69 0431
200 70 0217
200 71 0830
300 68 0256
300 71 1107
400 73 116$
600 73 106!
300 70 0490
300 70 1036
100 68 0090
100 69 1079
100 72 1097
100 71 0441
100 71 1221
100 72 1215
100 65 0075
100 69 0375
100 69 0690
•100 70 0013
100 71 04B4
100 71 0722
100 71 1212
100 71 1232
100 73 1087
200 71 0703
200 71 0832
300 71 0697
300 71 1057
700 70 1066
700 70 1109
100 72 1224
700 72 1048
700 70 1256
200 64 1240
100 60 0059
200 66 0127
,1BO 70 1237
600 69 1239
100 71 1213
700 70 1256
200 71 080$
700 69 1067
700 70 1256
SCO 65 0053
200 71 0858
200 69 0531
200 71 0282
200 71 0611
200 71 0615
200 71 0616
400 68 0038
400 68 0229
100 70 0089
100 71 0567
600 72 1148
300 Tl 1100
100 68 0011
300 69 0003
300 72 1070
100 68 0381
100 70 1195
200 69 0423
200 69 0432
100 72 1260
400 68 0224
500 70 0388
200 66 0134
200 66 0135
200 69 0433
200 71 0282
2M Tl OSS9
S71 1095
70 1036
71 1008
WO TO 1109
§*t 0168
TO OM9
44, 1100
tt 1121
-*B im
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLAE
SALMONELLAI
SALMONELLA-CONTAMI
SALMONELLA-ISOLATI
SALMONELLA-TYPHOSA
SALMONELLOSIS
SALMONELLOSIS
SALMONIDS
SALMON! CIS
SALT
SALT
3ALTON-SEA-CAL
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALT-BALANCE
SALT-TOLERANCE
SAMPLER
SAMPLES
SAMPLES
SAMPLE-PREPARATION
SAMPLE-PREPARATION
SAMPLE-PREPARATION
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SANDS
SANDS
SANDY-LOAM-LANO-DI
SANITARY-ENGINEER!
SANITATION
SANITATION
SAN-JOAQUIN-RIVER-
SAN-JOAOUIN-VALLEY
SARCINA-LUTEA
SATURATED-SOILS
SAWDUST
SCHEOULING-MOOEL
SC1NTILLATOR
SCRAPERS
SCREENS
SCS
SCS
SCS
SCS
SCS
SCS
SCS
SEA
SEAGULL
SEALING
SEALS-ANIMALS
SEARCH
SEASON
SEASONAL-GROWTH
SECONDARY-DITCH
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION-TANK
SEOIMENTCHALLAN6ES
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
MOIMfMTS
KEYWORD INDEX
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOMIN
TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS 800 POO
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS 8ACTERI
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEN-DEMAND SAL
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGV
DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND
ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRIC
PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS ROOEN
PROLONGED SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION OF A RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RUNOFF WATERS KEYWORDS SA
SALMONELLA IN WASTES PRODUCED AT COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS KEYWORDS SALMONELLA-ISOLATION
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IIENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT
SALMONELLOSIS IN CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUK
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LANO TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES
SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWOROS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS
WATER-QUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN INLAND-SINKS PtETHDRDS SALINITY EUTRUPHICATION FTRANI
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWOROS EROSION
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA
FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS
USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENE
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWOROS AGRICULTURAL-C
CALIFORNIA HASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGA1ION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING
EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
SALINITY-CONTROL IN RETURN-FLOW FROM IRRIGATED AREAS A DEMONSTRATION-PROJECT KEYWOROS
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWOROS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS WEIRS
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWOROS
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS
METHODS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF CHROMIC OXIDE IN BOVINE FEC
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
HOG-WASTE-01SPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS ODOR BOD COO E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA
RURAL-RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWOROS WATER-QUALITY SOU-EROSION COLIF
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T
INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED AN
RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS A
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAN
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA
ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER MSI
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOR06*
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LANO DRAINAGE WATER
SPRINKLER APPL CATION OF ANAEROB1CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COL1FORM GRCUP KEYWOROS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSUN
CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWOROS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWOROS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING WITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF DAIRY CATTLE MANU
TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM THE SOIL-CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS SCS SURFAC
SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWOROS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED
USD A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS ADHIN1STRATIVE-ACENC
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OFIRRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD
THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPO*
PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-OUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNO
THE FARM ROLE IN WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS WAtfR-POLLUTIO
TREATMENT, USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR
BACTERIAL ANO FUNGAL FLORA OF SEAGULL DROPPINGS IN JERSEY KEYWOROS BACTERIAL FLORA SEA
DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS GROUNOWATER-POLLUTION FARM-HASTES I
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY' IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
THE SEARCH FOR NEW POULTRY LITTER MATERIALS-AN EXAMPLE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION
CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE REQUIREMEnTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA
PERIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS
WASTES FROM PIG-PRODUCTION UNITS KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUENT BOO LININGS SECOND
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-0
AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWOROS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ
THE FARM ROLE IN WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWOROS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS HATER-FOLLUTIO
CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN WATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS HATER-POLLUTION CLAYS ORC
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYH
TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF
SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWOROS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED
THE SEPARATION OF SOLID ANO LIQUID PARTS OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SEDIMEN
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYWOROS
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWOROS FARM-HASTES HOGS A
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON
AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWOROS WATER SALIN
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITC
HATER POLLUTION FROM LANO RUNOFF KEYWOROS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
CHEMICAL ANO DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
158
-------
300 69 110)
300 71 1100
300 71 1106
500 71 125*
700 72 10*9
300 70 1036
*Uil 71 1196
300 68 1043
JOO 71 UB04
500 70 0387
1UO 70 1217
100 71 0*84
1UO 68 1121
SuO 70 0389
100 72 1224
200 71 1252
300 <»6 1207
600 72 1156
100 73 1164
200 66 0123
100 69 0714
200 71 0640
100 70 0270
300 71 1100
iOO 71 0859
100 65 0331
10U 69 0035
200 71 0665
100 65 0075
100 65 0366
200 66 0128
200 66 0131
200 69 1117
JUO 68 0352
300 71 0*57
100 6* 1200
100 71 1213
100 71 1213
100 69 1198
1*0 70 1237
20U 71 0640
100 71 0573
200 71 0703
200 71 0803
300 69 0739
300 71 0700
200 71 0666
300 67 1253
400 71 117*
*00 72 1179
100 69 0035
100 6* 0345
100 66 0063
100 70 1037
200 66 0140
200 70 0241
200 70 0321
200 71 0811
200 71 1099
300 S3 1206
300 69 1103
300 72 10TO
500 70 0390
500 71 1072
700 70 1046
100 TO 1217
200 TO 1053
200 Tl 0857
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
*00 66 0033
700 71 '1120
700 70 1046
100 Tl 0722
100 T2 1193
300 46 1208
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
400 67 1226
100 62 1220
600 72 1148
300 46 1208
300 TO 1084
300 Tl 1081
600 72 1163
100 68 1229
100 70 1230
200 Tl 0286
200 72 1054
300 67 1253
300 71 1058
300 71 1098
400 70 1176
200 70 0717
100 71 121*
200 66 0131
200 70 0236
300 69 0002
600 70 0080
600 70 0080
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENT-CONTROL
SEDIMENT-DISCHARGE
SEDIMENT-LOAD
SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT
SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT
SEUIMENT-WATER-INT
SEDIMENT-WATEH-INT
SEDIMENT-YIELD
SEDIMENT-YIELD
SEEPAGE
SEEPAGE
SEEPAGE
SEEPAGE
SEFTENBERG
SELECTION-CRITERIA
SELENITE
SEPARATION
SEPARAT10N-TECHNIO
SEPAHATIUN-TECHN1Q
SEPERATICN
SEPTIC-TA.NK
SEPTIC-TANK
SEPTIC-TANK
SEPTIC-TANKS
SEPTIC-TANKS
SEPTIC-TANKS
SEPTIC-TANKS
SEPTIC-TANKS
SEPTIC-TANKS
SEPTIC-TANKS
SERGENTIA
SEKRATIA
SERRATIA-MARCESENS
SESTON
SETTLEABLE-SOLIUS
SETTLING
SETTLING-BASIN
SETTLING-BASIN
SETTLING-bASIN
SETTLING-BASIN
SETTLING-HASIN
SETTLING-BASINS
SETILING-BASINS
SETTLING-BASINS
SETTLING-BASINS
SETTLING-TANK
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE-ASSESSMENTS
SEWAGE-BACTERIA
SEWAGE-BACTERIA
SEWAGE-DISPOSAL
'SEWAGE-DISPOSAL
SEWAGE-DISPOSAL
SEWAGE-DISPOSAL
SEWAGE-DISPOSAL
SEWAGE-DISTRICTS
SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS
SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS
SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS
SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS
SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS
SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS
SEWAGE-LAGOONS
SEWAGE-PONDS
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE-TREA
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SEWER
SEWERS
SEWERS
SEWERS
SHAPE
SHEAR-DIAGRAMS
SHEAR-STRENGTH
KEYWORD INDEX
WATER POLLUTION PROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEotilSrl
LAND AND WATER-MANAGEMENT FOR MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWoSoS SOIL-EROSIoS SEDtMtNT^IlJo
THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PARTS Of PIG SLURRY KEYw2Jo !»SeN
DISPOSAL Of DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS £FFICIENc!eJ
TREATMENT OF btEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS lol MO PH «mc-™
WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS e»TTLg SOIL-DISPOSAL-MELDS SEPUC-T
HOG-WASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOON1NG KEYWORDS ODOR BOO COD E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA
L13UIO HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE ODOR DISPOSAL DSS1GN-CR ITfilABttY?
MACERATION FOX DISPOSAL OF DEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS 0?SPOSAL iSjoONS SEPTlc-llNKl |S£lPM
DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SQI
WATER POLLUTION BY NUTkl ENTS--SOLRCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL P»PMS PRKENTEO !? ?SiS wSi
DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SHINE FEEDING FLOORS TO M1NJM ZE STREW POUUUM {JrioROS Si
DISPOSAL OF LIUUIO WASTES FROM PARLCRS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AERDB C TREATMENT SPR!
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCEKAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE UNTOGENV Of IS?H!A???
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICRoBxGANJ SMS KEYW^Rcl wIwCMle-MeTMU ENTERIC-
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGEN C-8ACTER A INTER C-
CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES DF PALOUSE KlvER IDAHO RUNCFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS ENTI"IC
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALKONIO FISH HATCHERIES £"^2$ S^RM? Mln-HA^RIES SALMON
«?MODfofIMN>SSl!Sr''StJT,P.>£;r!?0!SS TRE*»*NT OXIDATIONS D limit DRY?N§ S E"M™
METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEA8LE SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR 8EEF CATTLE FEtDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS
" " '
MANREMANAKEnnn
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A TOO HEAD SHINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES U5IN5 RENDWATE
SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STAb LI2ATION POND KEYWORD SETTL1NG-
PeRFBJSANCE4DFTEnuCKSPSAS^f^?»";DE2 ?C^UT10N "NTROL KEYwOW F^-LD^^TLE^UNOFF
PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS OUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS S
WATER 8UALITY CHANGFS IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM
LIQUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TC ANOTM6R KEYWORDS AQUIFER df TLE FA^WASTES JfiEO-L
THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-0 SPOSALFEEO-LOTS SETT
TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FO* POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD CDOPH SEPTIC TAN
BOVINE-SALMONELIOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK-MATER AND SSSA^EfcMSi K«2
POUU,oOFR.S ,Yn«, KY,DsKROOR
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
P6RIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT UN THE EFFICIENCY OF
HMNAS,AL».r1;S ""oSNlNTSllIHOMEI.Gws
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE ANO APPROPRIATE MUN C
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY «Y*S«OS »MC
BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER OUALITY ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL P§LLUT?"
NITROGEN REMOVAL fROM SEWAGK WATEKS BY PLANTS ANO SOIL KEYWORD FARM-W
FOULING OF »ATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-OAKOTA SOURCES "
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KtYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA
stis s^ KISS : siisissas si?sas! = : t "
PHOSPHORUS t WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GKOUNDWATER «ATER-P
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS w
DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS 6ROu5oS2?CR-
GREEN V MCCLDUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLUU KEYWORDS KENTUCKY
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING lEMPtRAToRE SEWAGE 5
«?mu3GS?uSGElAs"!$SUURC^^Lp2fTHO(U>S RE"YC''i: ^ «w:GE-"uSGESF:RAB"^AGR c U
159
-------
200 66 0127
100 6* 1200
100 65 1911
100 69 004!
1UO 69 0693
100 72 1215
100 73 ioae
too 73 11S5
LOU 73 1190
200 64 1240
iGO 66 0145
200 66 0147
200 69 1116
200 71 U796
200 71 0651
200 72 1024
200 Y3 1093
JOO 67 1249
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
300 70 0213
300 70 0384
300 70 1248
3uO 71 0677
300 72 1146
400 71 0504
10U 70 0020
400 71 U39
600 72 1154
100 71 1212
200 71 0641
JOO 70 1104
100 63 007!
600 73 1075
200 70 0323
100 64 1200
200 71 0859
600 73 1075
LOO 66 0341
100 6B 0077
100 69 0108
200 66 0146
200 68 072S
200 71 0>06
200 73 1189
100 65 1219
500 70 0408
100 TO 1031
100 73 1069
200 69 0518
200 69 0430
200 Tl 0705
100 62 0499
300 72 1003
600 72 1262
100 69 0040
300 69 0002
300 69 0003
300 71 1261
100 69 0308
600 72 1130
100 69 0033
200 69 0178
1UO 65 0344
200 66 0125
200 69 0188
200 70 0114
200 70 0246
300 53 1206
600 72 1071
100 69 0071
100 69 0353
100 70 0012
200 66 0133
200 68 0760
tOO 70 0306
200 TO 1159
200 72 1152
300 70 1000
ICO 63 0263
100 65 0366
100 68 0106
100 68 0306
100 68 1229
100 69 0333
100 70 0112
1UO 70 0369
100 71 0261
200 66 0135
200 66 0137
200 66 0140
200 70 0243
200 70 0252
200 70 0253
200 71 0803
300 69 0002
300 69 0006
3UO 70 0206
300 70 04T5
500 68 1239
SHEUS
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHfcEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHELF-LIFE
SHELL-EGGS
SHELTER
SHELTERS
SHIGELLA
SHIGELLA
SHIGELLA
SHOCK-LOADING
SHRINKAGE
SHUD
SIOIOAE
SIEVE-ANALYSIS
SIEVE-ANALYSIS
SILAGE
SILAGE
SILAGE
SILAGE
SILAGE
SILAGE
SILAGE
SILAGE-GAS
SILTING
SILTS
SILTS
SILT-LOAM-SOIL
SIMULATION
SIMULATION-ANALYSI
SITE-SELECTION
SITE-SELECTION
SITE-SELECTION
SIZE
SIZE
SIZE
SIZE
SKATOLE
SLATTEO-ALL6YS
SLATTEO-FLOOR
SLATTEO-FLOOR
SLATTED-FLOORS
SLATTED-FLOORS
SLATTEO-FLOORS
SLATTEO-FLOORS
SLATTEO-FLOORS
SLAUGHTER-HOUSES
SLIME
SLOPE
SLOTTEO-FLOOR
SLOTTED-FLOOR
SLOTTEO-FLOOR
SLOTTEO-FLOOR
SLOTTEO-FLOOR
SLOTTED-FLOORS
SLOTTEO-FLOORS
SLOTTED-FLOORS
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLU06E
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
KEYWORD INDEX
CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AMU DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE NEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADINO
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERIN AND MIOCE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS CF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS
THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY of CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION BRA
IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EKE K
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES HE
ObSERVATIGNS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE CASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS
NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCU1M PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESUIM IN SHEEP KEY
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORNS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-f
VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEEO FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRITIVE-VA
COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADS
DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE 0
NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS
WASTE-INOUCEO PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK
OEHYORATEO POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NOKTH-OAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY AND DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL-
THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS UATER-PO
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES
F-EEOLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PHOT
COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILIZERS E8UIPMENT COST OEH
EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON QUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS OU
HOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE
WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS 6ACTERIDLOGICAl IN
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE KED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTERI
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY
HOG-WASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS ODOR BOD COD E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIQUID-HANDLING SHUD MOISTURE-
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE
THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PARTS OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SEDIMEN
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLIUTION. AS EXPERIENCED IN THE WEST-OF-SCOTlA
FARM-WASTE-DISPOSAL IN RELATION TO CATTLE KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRICATI
EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MAM
POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS SILAC
COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f
NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG
LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES *
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS SOUR
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS
HEALTH-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS ENTEROCOCCI ADSORPTION SILT-LOAM-SOIL HEA
CATTLE FE60LOT WATER OUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIQ
A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY WITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATHEMAT1
MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS DESIGN-CRITERIA SI
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION WA
CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY
SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE DIPT
CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE REOUIREMENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA
INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOM
AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTESiDETERMI NATION OF MALOOOHS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND 0
OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA
TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD COO PH SEPTIC-TAN
STUDY OF THE USE OF THE OXIDATION DITCH TO STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COLD CL1MT
THE COLLECTION OF MANURE FROM HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLATTEO-FLOORS OX
SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FldORS
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SCME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
SWINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO
BUILDING DESIGN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOD COD ODORS EOUIPMENT t
CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SWINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL K
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS SLOTTEO-FLOOR AERATION BOO COO COLLECTION P
HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTATING SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT
DEEP P.IT SLAT-FIOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES SLQTTED-FLOOR VENTILA
METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED »Y CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE
LIQUID HANDLING Of POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE OOCR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC
OXIDATION DITCHES FOR HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS bOO ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE BUIL
ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOO COO ODORS EQUIPMENT I
CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWlNE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS,TEMPERATURE SLUO
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES DAIRY BULL. SHINE,AND POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUD
TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOD LABORATORY TC
PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOO
DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS OEWATtRING VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD
MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOD UK FERTILIZERS SLU
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH
TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SUE LOCATION SHAPE DEPT
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DC
POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A
LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS IRRIGATI
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO
1ft)
-------
100 63 0338
200 71 0812
500 68 1259
300 67 1253
500 68 1259
200 71 109-5
200 66 0120
100 6* 0371
100 65 0067
100 68 0077
100 69 0353
100 70 0085
100 70 0089
100 TO 0112
100 71 0266
100 71 1214
200 66 0115
200 66 0123
200 66 0126
2uO 66 0130
200 68 1187
200 69 0163
200 69 0172
2OO 69 0706
200 70 0234
200 70 0237
200 70 0238
200 70 0244
200 70 0245
200 70 0247
200 70 0248
200 70 0250
200 70 0291
200 70 0252
200 70 0253
200 71 0794
200 71 0799
2UO 71 0801
4OO 64 0335
400 67 0336
AGO 73 1073
600 70 0080
600 72 1149
700 70 1109
100 70 0578
200 71 0839
200 71 0840
200 71 0856
200 71 0858
400 65 0332
400 71 0264
200 71 0614
400 70 0579
200 71 0583
300 70 0385
300 71 1126
100 69 006T
100 69 1198
300 71 1058
100 71 0454
200 69 0516
300 70 1192
300 71 1107
300 71 0269
400 71 0293
600 72 1177
100 71 0257
200 71 0801
200 73 1082
200 69 0169
100 66 0063
100 67 0041
100 68 0307
100 70 0031
100 70 0049
100 70 0417
100 70 0421
100 70 0458
200 70 0223
200 70 0237
200 71 0787
200 72 1012
300 71 0412
300 71 0466
400 68 0038
100 69 0061
100 70 1233
200 64 1240
200 69 0157
200 69 0523
200 71 1095
200 71 12S2
200 72 1029
300 71 10S8
400 73 1063
400 73 1073
$00 70 0393
500 70 0394
SOO 70 0400
500 71 1254
SLUDGE-DIGEST ION
SLUDGE-DIGESTION
SLUDGE-DIGESTION
SLUDGE-DISPOSAL
SLUDGE-DISPOSAL
SLUDGE-TREATMENT
SLUGGING
SLURRIED-MANURES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRY
SLURRY
SLURRY
SLURRY
SLURRY
SLURRY
SLURRY
SMALL-BUSINESS-AOM
SMART-PORK-FARM
SMOKE
SMOKE
SNAKES
SNOW
SNOWMELT
SNOHMELT
SOCIAL
SOCIAL-ASPECTS
SOCIAL-ASPECTS
SOCIAL-ASPECTS
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM-CHLORIDE
SODIUM-CHLORIDE
SODIUM-CHLORIDE
SODIUM-PEROXIDE
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOU
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOUS
SOILS
SOUS
SOUS
SOILS
SOUS
SOUS
SOUS
sous
SOILS
sous
sous
THIN
SUL
,1 «, T™ n
IN RELATION TO CATTLE
"ASTES
KEYWORD INDEX
DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-HASTES KEYWORDS BOD COD CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGi-n
PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES
HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS y«TE-?REATMENTSTABLUAm
W^STE STABnIzA??SNEpni^C^INED HOS MASTE TREATMENT SmoUol FA^-ilsTE WAS E- «! S
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STIBTI !7iT n
"* 0" &PPL1ED BMTeRloiOC/SSSiSoSS! MUR-oSsM "SI ER- OL
FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA
HtSEVOR05 ORYING L*YERS "°I STURE-CONTENT SOLIDS-PER
K*Y«°«t>S SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPI
KEYWORDS SiLAGE EFFLUENTS MtlRBIFi. IDDITATI
KEY"OR" SLURRIES BOD 2oo ODoTs' ou PM "V
*6R'CULTURE KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES
RENO!'INN?ARMSW«TF m«n?IES £ROM M°°ERN «RICUI-TURE KEYWORDS AERATION DOOR
I AVFB P«pna«l"-?t ?5 L 1 ?* L kEyiF n« «
ON ?ip ?«» °L^Rr "ASTES Hl™ ^""tULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F
T« !A|TC S?n.*2i HA^rMEALTH "YWOROS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE
I« u«« .= S«LEM "'TH P'GS KEy«OI
-------
700 70 1066
700 70 1256
700 72 1048
400 72 1032
200 66 0587
900 71 1254
100 69 0416
200 66 0131
300 69 0637
400 64 0379
300 1077
100 70 1195
200 71 0284
200 T2 1022
300 70 1036
300 72 1260
400 69 1225
4UO 73 1158
100 66 1060
200 68 1242
200 69 0157
200 69 0516
200 71 1099
200 71 1096
200 72 1010
200 72 1011
200 72 1013
200 72 1020
300 1077
300 70 0205
300 71 1008
400 69 0016
500 71 1072
600 73 1065
700 70 1256
100 71 0318
300 68 0352
100 70 0299
2UO 68 1242
200 70 0670
200 71 0603
•200 71 0665
300 47 1253
300 70 1036
100 69 0)75
100 71 1197
200 71 0284
200 71 0646
300 68 1122
400 69 1225
500 70 0387
SCO 70 0389
500 70 0*9*
200 69 0191
200 71 0857
200 71 0661
200 71 0855
300 71 0639
2CO 71 0661
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
200 72 1021
100 70 1037
500 71 1294
100 71 1236
200 69 0191
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
200 71 0810
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
200 68 1242
309 68 1122
100 73 1069
200 72 1013
360 1077
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
500 71 1072
200 71 0605
300 72 10S2
400 70 0070
600 72 1177
400 69 1225
100 65 0377
400 70 0070
200 70 0217
200 71 0826
300 70 0207
300 71 0732
200 66 0587
200 69 0201
200 70 0215
200 71 1252
100 71 1236
100 72 1224
300 71 1126
200 71 0824
100 64 0474
100 65 0066
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOIL-ANALYSIS
SOIL-BACTERIA
SOIL-BACTERIA
SOIL-BORNE
SO IL-CLOGO I NO
SOIL-COLUMNS
SOIL-CONDITIONER
SOIL-CONDITIONS
SOIL-CONSERVATION
SOIL-CONSERVATION
SOIL-CONSERVATION-
SOIL-CONSERVATION
SOU-CCNSERVATION-
SOIL-CONSF.RVATION
SOIL-CONSERVATION-
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CORES
SOIL-DISPOSAL
SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEL
SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIE1.
SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEL
SOU-OISPOSAL-FIEL
SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEL
SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEU
SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIEL
SOIL-EROSION
SOIL-EROSION
SOIL-EROSION
SOIL-EROSION
SOIL-EROSION
SOIL-EROSION
SOIL-EROSION
SOIL-EROSION
SOU-EROSION
SOU-FILTER
SOU-FILTER
SOIL-FILTRATION
SOU-FILTRATION
SOU-FILTRATION
SOU-INJCCTION
SOIL-LEACHING
SOU-LEACHING
SOU-MANAGEMENT
SOIL-MICROORGANISM
SOIL-MICROORGANISM
SOIL-MOISTURE
SOU-MOISTURE
SOIL-NITROGEN
SOU-NITROGEN
SOU-OXYGEN-DEMANO
SOU-PHOSPHORUS
SOU-PHOSPHORUS
SOIL-PHYSICAL-PROP
SOIL-POROSITY
SOU-PROFILES
SOU-PROFILES
SOU-PROFILES
SOU-PROFILES
SOU-PROFILES
SOU-PROFILES
SOU-PROPERTIES
SOU-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOU-PROPERTIES
SOU-RUNOFF
SOIL-STRUCTURE
SOU-SURVEYS
SOU-TESTS
SOU-TESTS
SOU-TESTS
SOIL-TREATMENT
SOU-TYPES
SOIL-TYPES
SOIL-HATER
SOU-HATER
SOU-HATER-MOVEMEN
SOU-HATER-MOVEMEN
SOU-HATER-PLANT-R
SOLID
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
KEYWORD INDEX
HATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYHORDS EFFLUENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED sous KEYHORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-HASTES OOOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES
HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS HITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS UHlCH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SOI
SOIL FILTRATION TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AMMONIA HYDROGEN-
A REPORT ON THREE MANURE-COMPOSTING PLANTS KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-DECOMPOSITION AMMON
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED HITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL HASTES
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF HATER BODIES KEYHORDS HATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE HAR ON POLLUTION KEYHOROS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
NONPCINT RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS HATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS HATER-RE&OURCE-OEV
DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE HAST
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER FARM-HASTES GROUN
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISM!) IHkUULH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COO DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON
PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM-
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYHORDS
ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO
PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYHORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDHATER R
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOU BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL HASTES
INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS OOOR HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS DI
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R
FERTILIZERS AMD FEEOLOTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNOMATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO
HUMAN ANO ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEHAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG
EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYHORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT
RUNOFF, SOLID HASTES, AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS COD BOO DO SOIL-C
DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SWINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SE
HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY-RUNOFF WASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS HYDROLOGY WAST6-WATER-TREATME
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES ANO ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY KEYHORDS TREATME
WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPTIC-T
WATER OUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-TREATM
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYHORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
RURAL-RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS HATER-OUALITY SOIL-EROSION COLIF
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT
CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYHOROS SOU-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOU-EROSION CONS
FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOU-EROSION RUNO
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A 8UALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV
POLLUTION BY SEDIMENT SOURCES ANU THE DETACHMENT AND TRANSPORT-PROCESSES KEYWORDS SE
LAND AND WATER-MANAGEMENT FOR MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWORDS SOIL-EROSION SEDIMENT-YIELD
FERTILIZER-MANAGEMENT FOR POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION
CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF OOOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOIL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYDROGEN-SULF IDE SOU-
NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOU KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOU-FILTE
ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO
TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOON EFFLUENT BY SOU FILTRATION KEYHORO ANAEROBIC-LAGOON-EF
USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDH
ODORS ANO THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOU NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-MI
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES FEED-LOTS
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYHORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL
CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF OOOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOU SYSTEMS K&YWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIDE SOIl-
IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-N1
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOU PROFILES ANO ON TRANS
WATER AND SOU OXYGEN DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN (00
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOU NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIl-NI
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOUS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE ANO SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL.
MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOUS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYHORDS
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOU BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES
IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOU PROFILES ANO ON TRANS
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEHAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYHOROS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GROUNDWATER-FERTILITY SOU-
EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOUS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDHATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS
SOU AS AN ANIMAL-HASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYHOROS N P K SOU-PROPERTIES SOU-SURVEYS F
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT HASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS HATER-RESOURCE-OEV
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOUS AND CROPS KEYHOROS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-HASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA
CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTE
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF CORN KEYWORDS CHtMIC
CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-INDUST
HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS DEGRAOATIO
ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F
MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYHOROS SOU-WATER LYSIMETER PLOW-
NITRATE POLLUTION OF HATER KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-WATERS
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIQUID AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS BIODEGRABATION NITRIFIC
PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG HASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP
THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AND SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR
162
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
100 68 0500
100 70 1195
100 71 0261
200 66 0134
300 69 0002
300 72 1085
600 73 1075
200 69 0180
300 71 1245
100 64 0371
100 72 1129
600 72 1150
200 70 1159
200 66 0143
400 68 0038
100 70 1051
100 71 0688
100 70 1237
200 68 1186
200 71 0657
200 71 0733
200 71 0786
200 71 1099
200 73 1082
200 73 1083
303 68 1123
300 70 0010
300 70 1247
3uO 70 1248
300 71 0457
300 71 0732
300 71 0744
300 71 1081
600 72 1156
600 73 1147
100 70 1233
100 72 1188
100 73 1155
100 70 1040
100 71 1038
100 71 1236
700 70 1256
300 71 1081
100 72 1215
700 71 1120
'100 70 1111
300 70 0*75
100 64 0072
200 68 1242
200 71 1252
200 69 0432
100 67 0079
100 67 1218
100 68 0011
100 69 1042
100 69 1231
100 70 0024
100 70 0417
100 70 1051
100 70 1237
200 69 1117
200 70 0240
200 70 1118
300 1105
300 30 1205
300 53 1206
•300 68 1043
300 68 1122
300 68 1202
300 69 1060
•300 69 1061
'300 69 1203
300 70 1036
300 70 1201
500 70 0396
'200 69 0552
.200 70 0054
300 71 1126
200 71 0779
200 71 0779
600 70 0255
200 64 0750
400 70 0092
300 67 1250
300 70 1000
100 65 1079
200 73 1093
100 70 0014
300 69 0001
300 69 0004
200 69 0523
200 6? 0756
400 70 0357
100 70 1111
200 72 1013
500 71 1254
500 71 1254
100 72 1215
200 64 1240
100 69 1231
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOL1DSOISPUSAL
SOLIDS-CONCENTBATI
SOLIDS-PERCENT
FAM
FARM
EFFEC
THIN-
°ES1GN A"° APPLICAr'°N "DWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAER
0 i. TE^SY ^r^ir srSor0^
ASTE T"° »»<»'e-*N*WOBIC DMR? MANURE mAT^T*" ? M°l ££
HASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPf DFPT
FFT!RrSnFCL?F RA'NFALL RUN°FF FR°" * 8EEF CATTLE «""" KEYWORDS
UA!TC nr<™I! ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION niTru
'
SOLID-FUELS
SOLID-WASTE
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLUBILITY
SOLUBILITY
SOLUBLE-MUCINS
SOLUBLE-ORGAN IC-SO
SOLUTES
SOLUTES
SOLUTIONS
SOLVENTS
SOLVENT-EXTRACTION
SOMERSET-COUNTY
SONBIRDS
SORGHUM
SORGUUM
SORPTION
SORPTION
SOURCE
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOURCES
SOUTH
SOUTH
SOUTHEAST-US
SOUTHERN-HIGH-PLA1
SOUTHWEST
SOUTHWESTERN
SOUTH-DAKOTA
SOUTH-DAKOTA
SOUTH-PLATTE-VALLE
SOW-CONFINEMENT
SOYBEAN-PROTEIN
SOYGEAN-01L-MEAL
SPACE
SPACE-REQUIREMENTS
SPACING
SPATIAL-UISTRIBUTI
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
SPECTROSCOPY
SPHAEROPHORUS
SPIROCHAETES
SPLEEN
SPORES
SPORT-FISHING
TS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON KAT!R QUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESER
SPREADING OF SLURRI ED-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS HOI STURE-CGNTEN? Im n
^ £ £ "
"
POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-OUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNO
™«.V;r,V0JENIIAL OF SAL"ONI° e^» HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR
^"SnoN'paT^ATri!,:^^^
FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS
tHEESK*RECDSci?R.?t^EnJA^SE5ENI f°R ^''EN'^^l'eEOLOTS^KEYWORp1''RUNOFF^OLlO-WASTES6
IUMMFR enuFMphrc J^Sf.,??0"" "«T"»« LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOCI
COS?! FM L«rFC|r?rcS?SifIi n0? APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL
CDNT?Nun^ ?R°En SA
-------
200 68 1187
•.00 70 0022
H'JJ 71 0721
3uJ 6!> 0053
JuO 70 0220
JOO 30 120S
Juu 69 10**
300 69 112*
300 30 1205
100 6} 0067
1UO 66 0730
200 67 073*
2uO 69 0176
iOO 70 0221
200 70 0*98
200 70 0755
il/0 70 111*
200 7i 077*
200 71 0777
200 71 0782
200 71 078*
,tJJ 71 08*1
200 71 085*
'300 69 0300
'300 71 0*57
*00 6* 0335
*UO 68 0032
*00 68 0033
*00 69 0039
700 72 10*8
^00 66 012*
600 72 107*
100 63 0338
100 65 0263
luO 66 0*78
100 67 0233
100 68 00**
100 70 10*0
200 69 0708
300 70 1192
500 66 1259
*00 70 0268
600 72 1150
100 6* 03*3
600 72 1150
100 67 1218
200 69 0160
2UO 71 027*
200 71 0283
200 71 0*83
200 71 0598
200 71 0789
300 1105
300 67 12*9
300 69 1103
300 71 0752
500 70 0*0*
500 70 0*11
100 71 1221
100 71 1213
300 70 110*
100 71 1213
200 6* 12*1
300 71 058*
200 70 1050
200 71 0765
200 71 0767
300 67 12*9
3UO 69 1061
300 71 0301
300 67 12*9
200 71 0593
200 71 0596
100 70 10*1
100 71 1039
200 6* 12*0
200 71 0593
200 71 0595
200 71 0597
200 71 0599
200 71 0600
200 71 0601
300 71 058*
100 63 1064
300 70 108*
600 72 1156
100 69 0108
100 71 0*62
200 66 01*6
200 70 02*2
600 72 1076
100 67 010*
*00 70 0111
100 70 0031
300 68 1123
300 68 1209
100 60 0059
10(1 65 0366
100 68 0287
100 68 0337
SPRAYING
iPKAY-AERATION
SPREADERS
SPREADERS
SPREADING
SPRINGS
SPXING-THAHS
SPKING-THAWS
SPRING-HATERS
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPKINKLER-IRR1GATI
SPRINKLER-IRKIGAT1
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
MPKINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRR1GATI
SPRINKLEK-IRRIGATI
SPKINKLEK-IRRIGATI
SPIUNKLEH-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLING
SPRINKLING
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION
STACKING
STACKING-SYSTEM
STAGNANT-HATER
STALL-BARN
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
STANNOUS-CHLORIOE
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
STAPKYLOCOCCUS
STAPMYLOCOCCUS-AUR
STARCH
STATES-OF-UNITED-S
STATE-GOVERNMENTS
STATE-GOVERNMENTS
STATE-GOVERNMENTS
STATE-GOVERNMENTS
STATE-GOVERNMENTS
SVATE-GOVERNMENT
STATE-JURISDICTION
STATE-LEGISLATION
STATE-OFFICIAL
STATISTICAL-METHOD
STATISTICAL-METHOD
STATISTICAL-METHOD
STATUTES
STATUTES
STATUTES
STATUTES
STATUTES
STATUTES
STATUTES
STAUFFER-R-1JO*
STEAM
STEAK-DISTILLATION
STEER
STEERS
STEERS
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
STIRRED-TANK-INJEC
STIRRING
STOCKING-RATECATTL
STOCK-WATER
STOCK-WATER
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
KEYWORD INDEX
THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE
SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT DOOR SPRAY
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER DOOR RUNOF
rAKMYARU MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR
THE ECONOMICS OF 5 TO"I MOi HANDLING ANO SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE FOX CONFINED FEE
SUMNER V OOEIL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING HATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOU NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS
SUKNEB V OOELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING HATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMP I
AGRICULTURE S EFFECT ON NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER KEYWORD FERTILIZER FEED-LOTS
CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION
DISPOSAL UF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS ANO IRRIGATION KEYWORDS BOD COO OX
LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-HASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNDHATER HATE
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE
FEEDLCT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA
MANAGEMENT OF BARNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS SPR1NKLER-I
FEEOLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR OUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP
MULTlSIAlt LH.UUN SYSItHS HUH IKbtlHbNI U> UA1KY f/>KH Mlblb KEYWORDS SPR INKLER-tRRIffAT
A FARM SCALE DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE
SHORT TERM AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FOR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRRI
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KEVHOR
DISPOSAL OF LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS ANO MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPR1
EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRI
NATURAL FILTERS FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION EFFLUENTS ORGAN
IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI0d SEWAGE-DISPOSAL EFFLUENT H
LABOR FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI
SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01
SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR-
DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COD CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION
REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE
LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARMWASTES WASTE
EFFLUENT-QUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO
THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS
STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOO COD TEST-PR
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STAB1LIZATIQ
MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UITIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE f
OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA
BGVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-WATER
OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA
FUTURE WATER BUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUALITY-MANAGE
EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE RE8UIREMENTS FOR -TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING
ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B
HOW CAN PORK-PRODUCERS COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL 8UALITY-STANDAROS KEYWORDS WATER-QUA
MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI
ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS
RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
A6RICUUTURAL AND RELATED HASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
ROLf OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS WITH GROUNOWATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ZONE-OF-
ACCOMPL1SHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS ANO BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-B10LOGY
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K
THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN1
ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEVWO
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OESI
AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED HASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES I
STATE AGENCIES REGULATING CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULATION FEOE
AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED HASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LANS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISl
SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEDLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT ANO TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND ANO FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARV-E
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LAWS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISL
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT ANO THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANDMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF
THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT, WASTE CONTROL, PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REC
STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES
PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULA
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES ANO HORN FLIES Of MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE
SEEPAGE LOSSES ANO FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY USING FECAL COLLECTION APPARATUS ANO INDICATOR METHOD FOR STEERS
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAI, WASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MAN
MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERS
HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-VRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR
MODELING FEEOLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS COD DISCHARGE HYDROGRAPHS CONCENTRATION S
UNDER-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS
VOLITILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEOLOT
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF MATER K
ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LUT OPERATORS ANO CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI
THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN
LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE OOOR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE
A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-UISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOO N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT
164
-------
100 70 0020
'100 70 0083
100 70 0085
100 70 0*58
100 71 0472
1UO 71 0683
200 66 0119
200 66 0120
200 66 0152
200 61 0167
200 69 0185
200 69 0187
200 69 0188
200 69 0423
200 69 0706
200 70 0246
200 70 0247
2JO 70 02*9
200 70 0250
200 71 0769
200 71 0835
300 69 0006
300 69 0062
400 71 0297
400 71 0311
500 70 0403
600 73 1147
100 69 0030
200 66 0151
200 70 0114
200 70 0220
300 69 0007
100 70 0685
100 69 0058
100 71 0266
•200 69 0524
200 69 0706
200 70 0220
400 64 0335
400 65 0332
400 71 0262
100 70 0026
400 70 0109
100 62 0292
300 69 0093
100 69 1231
300 71 1058
100 69 1198
100 71 1212
300 1105
300 26 1204
300 30 1205
300 53 1206
300 66 1202
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
300 70 1192
300 71 1126
700 70 1066
100 69 1198
100 67 1218
100 69 0375
200 71 0807
300 66 0352
100 70 1217
100 71 0484
100 71 1213
200 64 1241
200 66 1112
200 71 0796
200 71 0825
300 67 0701
300 68 0702
300 72 1085
700 70 0231
200 70 1053
200 70 1053
100 70 0027
200 71 0840
200 69 0706
200 69 0166
100 69 0416
600 68 0471
200 69 1167
100 70 1233
200 70 0755
100 72 1224
500 68 1259
100 73 1184
100 72 1224
300 71 1081
200 69 0431
300 69 0735
300 72 1170
200 66 0587
100 69 0310
300 69 0632
100 69 0096
200 71 0792
200 71 0810
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE-CAPACITY
STORAGE-CAPACITY
STORAGE-CAPACITY
STORAGE-CAPACITY
STORAGE-PIT
STURAGE-PITS
STORAGE-TANKS
STORAGE-TANKS
STORAGE-TANKS
STORAGE-TANKS
STORAGE-TANKS
STORAGE-TANKS
STORAGE-TANKS
STORAGE-WASTE
STRAINS
STRAINS
STREAM
STREAM
STREAMFLOW
STREAMFLOW
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAMS
STREAM-CONCOURSE
STREAM-CONDITIONS
STREAM-POLLUTION
STREAM-POLLUTION
STREAM-POLLUTION
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS-eOVI
STREPTOCOCCUS-FAEC
STRESS
STROAGE
STRUCTURAL-DESIGN
STUDIES
STUDY
SUBLIMATION
SUBSIDY
SUBSOIL
SUBSURFACE-DRAINS
SUBSURFACE-HATERS
SUBSURFACE-MATERS
SUBTROPICAL-ENVIRO
SUB-SURF AC6-UR4IN*
SUCROSE
SUGAR-BEETS
SULFATE
SULFATES
SULFER-BACTERIA
SULfIDE
SULFIDE
SULFIDES
SULFUR
SULFUR
KEYWOKO INDEX
EF-FrCI,9F °1ETS CONT»'N"<6 OEMYDRATEO POULTRY HASTE ON QUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS DU
n^r^"?1"?1 °PERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE
DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES
USE Of SOIL TO TREAT ANAERCBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT OESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA
A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF A SLURRY COMPOUND KEYWORDS STORAGE BRITAIN
AN° CISPDS4L IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SHINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM
n«NIM*L *ASTES KErvl0llDS ECONOMICS 800 COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST
??n,,,n 21C,AIT!;EcFEEDLOIS """OK" STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA
LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COO BOO COST NUTR
°F DAIRY CAmE MANURE «™<»DS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COO LOADIN
MANA6E"ENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT
o»c PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS
UAun. ,ur E«iH"r2F ANIMAL "STE MAN4GEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EOUIPMENT DESIGN-D
SmPn 2r'JI??iGE'.tND TREATMENI Df OA1RY A"° 8EEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
KEYWOROS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO
? "ANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERI
US"*66 " FARM "STES l •""""ING AND CHOICE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EF
„ ° GE OF FARM «**TES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EQUIPM
SEL ° STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAC WASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-MOD
i 'OULTRY MANURE KEYWORD AERATION AEROBIC-CONDITIONS WASTE-ASSIMILAT
p ANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS- OE
,.AJILE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS- DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF
t * °VER DEEP P1T KEY»«»DS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE
2A?VRr REDUCES ODORS KEYWORDS AEROBIC ANAEROBIC STORAGE ODORS HANDLING
- GE ENT T° M1N""ZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT
I 6E ENT "" CATTLE "EDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-DISPO
n c D IRY "ANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIOOEGRADATION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-DI
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LICUID-MANURF. DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR
™i Irnin ,r ' UAB1LtTY OR ASSET KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO
THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING IT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
DM»? in! 2FJI?! ' HANDLING AND SHEADING OF LIOUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE
n?R P *P,m °f AC("CULTIJRAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRI
S»I?"7J2U5L KEV"°R°s DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL
A .l n «D 2 L™ E CHOICES BYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS
* ni ut? ^J^o F°R ™E O"601^1* AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED'CUfT
, r.iSn L ANURE KEYWROS HOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS
icocr?, CE M° "REAM '""'•'•UTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOO DISEASE LAND DRAIN
ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD DO RIVERS WATER-OUALITV STREAM
* . T"°;H!CATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS
nnet HATHEME"CAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA
nJ 2 !I5 *L FEAmES OF "LOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
«? J LE USE °N "TER 8UALITY OF H>SH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
F°R ™E RES'STR*TION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
V GINTLIMO STREA" POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARH KEYWORDS
nMl,nurN T° PREVErilT POLLUTION OF SPRING WATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
nSIT??.SI*TES LIAB"-ITY °f WITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI
OP yllH? * - IS!"6*"10" KE^ORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
AIn°!MEAN°'t Key"0ROS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
n OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
E"LOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIRWEN
,ST, WINE PROOUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYQROGR
DEIR1TAL fEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
.nn« ^ ' T DESIGN KErWOR°S WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY-MANAGE
* " 2 « ^ACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY SOIL-EROSION 'COL IF
°nCEFFLUENT FROM FARM ANIHU PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTION COLIF
FROM SWINE FEED"NG FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SE
GICAL pARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
° SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS
/0? IDENTIFY1« HICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-
EN PROTOZ°A KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI
"U2°fF N*TUR£ AND BEHAWII'« KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUT ION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO
°F RUMINANT FRO" NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE 0
ASPECTS °f AEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEN-DEMAND SAL
^c?, ° RICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOO COLIFORM FISHK
H«rBi nl RANDALL COUNTY, TEXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BAtTERIA COLIFORMS
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS
!!•!" AOOITIvES ON THE SIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SWINE *AS
SIIIJ OUALITr ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD
FC f «« *,IEL?t!ALI1I ANALYSES Of METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD
E "EAT *ND COL° EXPOSURE *ND STARVATION ON VANIIMANDELIC ACIB
' AERATIQN-CONDITIONEO MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FA
« rS.TR!AIMENT °F DA1RY AND 8EEF "TTl-E NASIES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
n f«I«NSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS E8UATION
° E DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
S«?AIU"ILM?RIr?GCOF PCULTRY MANURE ™ROU6H "KHANICAl AGITATION KEYWORDS
4.^ H^EMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA
AN° PHQ5PHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SDURC
IOE°B "STE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-OISPolAl
IMC
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF "iicAL BACTERIA BACmU IN
"
un,CREAIED 8Y AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION
D°Ln°Gr« *"E "" AN AN*ER08IC STABILIZATION POND KEYWORD SETTL1NG-
PER<;OLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS
.r AND "ETHYL "ER«PTANS REMOVALS WITH SOU COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO
IMPROVEMENT IN THE COLLECTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIOE IN CADMIUM .HYDROXIDE SUSPENMQN "flS
QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHRO«ATO
rS»nIIrnriTi0? °F G*SES 'N A """"EMENT S«INE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS OOOR SSw
CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF MALOOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG
HATER AND SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN JSS
165
-------
300 70 1084
100 71 1221
100 71 0413
200 69 0190
SCO 71 1254
100 69 0308
300 69 0634
400 73 1158
600 69 1239
200 69 0482
300 70 120k
100 69 0071
100 70 0372
100 69 1198
100 72 1224
200 66 1112
200 69 0531
200 71 0642
200 71 0649
300 68 1209
300 69 1044
300 69 1124
300 70 1201
600 69 1160
700 71 1120
200 69 0182
100 69 0103
400 64 0358
500 70 0392
100 69 1198
200 69 0696
200 70 1118
200 71 1094
200 71 1095
200 71 12S2
200 72 1013
200 72 1019
300 69 1103
300 70 1201
400 71 1196
700 7O 1066
100 69 0690
400 70 0357
100 70 1041
200 70 0326
100 70 1233
100 70 1237
400 71 0686
100 72 121S
300 49 1210
100 60 1078
100 65 0346
100 66 0478
100 69 0096
100 69 0361
100 70 0027
100 70 0064
100 70 0362
100 7O 0369
100 71 0683
100 71 07S1
200 66 0119
200 66 0133
200 66 0137
200 66 0138
200 66 0147
200 66 0151
200 66 0155
200 66 0156
200 69 0074
200 69 0164
200 69 0177
200 69 0425
200 69 0696
200 69 0708
200 70 0244
200 70 0251
200 70 06TO
200 70 0717
200 71 0607
200 71 0762
200 71 0768
200 71 0788
200 71 0790
200 71 0803
200 71 0804
200 71 0811
200 71 0812
200 71 0814
200 71 0818
200 71 0825
200 71 0837
200 72 1089
300 65 0757
300 68 0352
300 68 0749
300 69 0001
300 69 0002
300 69 0003
300 69 0004
SULFUR
SULFUR 1C-AC 10
SULFUR-BACTERIA
SULFUR-BACTERIA
SULFUR-BACTERIA
SULFUR-COMPOUNDS
SULFUR-DIOXIDE
SUHPS
SUMPS
SUPPLEMENTAL-IR«10
SURFACE
SURFACES '
SURFACE-DRAINAGE
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-RUNOFF
SURFACE-STORAGE
SURFACE-HATER
SURFACE-WATER
SURFACE-WATER
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-HATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURFACE-WATERS
SURGICAL-MODIFICAT
SURVEY
SURVEYS
SURVEVS
SUSPENDED-LOAD
SUSPENDED-LOAD
SUSPENDED-SOLIDS
SUSPENSION
SKIMMING
SWINE .
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SttNE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
KEYWORD INDEX
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL NATE
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLAHELESS
SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS KEYWORDS ODOR SULFUR-BACTERIA LAGOONS
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS
AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL HASTESiDETERMINATION OF MAUODORS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND 0
ANALYSIS OF GASES ENCOUNTERED IN A COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE NAST
DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT
THE EFFECTS OF FAKM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL HATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI
DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GRO
CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNG
TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM THE SOIL-CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS SCS SURFAC
AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS WATER-
LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER OUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-R
ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR
CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER OUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS HYDROGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTEN
NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE WATER BY ABSORPTION OF AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE f
TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS 800 VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER
SOURCES-OF-NITROGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDHATER SURFACE-WATER INF
CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES Of PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SHINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-WATERS DISCHARGE LAGO
WATER O.UALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYWORDS
NITRATE POLLUTION OF HATER KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-HATERS
POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS'KEYWORDS EFFLUENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HVDROCR
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T
FROM THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYHORDS ENVIRONMENT ODOR WASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RE
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALCONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
NEH PROCESS CONVERTS CATTLE RUMEN TO FEEDSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-TREATMENT SUSPEN
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS
LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SHINE BOO ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF
LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARHWASTES WASTE
IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINEMENT SHINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYHORDS ODOR ORGA
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIOUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT
EFFECT OF STRESS ON SWINE HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANILMANDELIC ACID
URINARY CREATIN1NE AS AN INDEX COMPOUND FOR ESTIMATING RATE OF STEROIDS IN THE DOMESTIC
DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA IN FECES OF SWINE KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS PATTERNS SWINE
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWINE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS,TEMPERATURE SLUD
ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM
ANIMAL HASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL DOOR ST
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS SLOTTEO-FLOOR AERATION BOO COO COLLECTION P
PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOO
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGOONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COO BOD TEMP
COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-W
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS SHINE COST BOD NITROGEN NITROGEN-BALAN
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGENAT10N AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH
SWINE HASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B
FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATION DITCHES IN.CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXYGC
ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SHINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-HATERS DISCHARGE LAGO
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SHINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYHOROS BOO COD TEST-PR
MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM HITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SWINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COD OXIO
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON
REDUCTION OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICA
SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEME
LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODOKS ECONOMICS DRYING RU
SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY
LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-A
IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN A SWINE-BUILDING ATMOSPHERE' KEYWORDS ODOR ORG
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE
IMPROVING HATER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE REMOVAL KEYWORDS
BOD ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBI
PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES SWINE SLU
PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
THE ECONOMICS OF SHINE HASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBIC-TRE
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEN-DEMAND SAL
AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIQUID SHINE MANURE SYSTEMS K
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMMONIA N
DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SHINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS Sb
ROTOR AERATION OF SHINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINENENT-PE
SWINE HOUSING AND HASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYHOROS CUNFINEMENT-PtNS AER08I
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SUE LOCATION SHAPE DEPT
CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE REOUIREMENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA
CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCED-C
-------
JOU 69 0005
300 69 0006
}00 69 0007
300 70 0334
300 71 0677
300 71 0692
300 71 1098
600 71 0*94
700 68 0330
700 70 0231
700 70 1066
100 70 0685
100 69 0095
400 65 1142
700 72 1048
100 70 0418
600 72 1002
100 69 0416
100 70 0458
200 71 0663
200 71 0772
400 70 0022
100 71 0683
100 71 0753
200 66 0115
200 71 0612
200 71 0615
200 71 0768
200 71 0833
300 69 0631
300 71 0704
300 71 0732
100 71 1228
600 72 1153
400 65 0332
100 64 1200
1 0 7O 1237
200 71 0274
200 70 1050
400 71 1196
700 70 1046
200 64 1240
100 73 1155
200 66 0145
300 71 1246
200 66 0153
200 69 0199
200 69 0203
200 69 0537
200 71 0618
200 71 0766
200 71 1094
200 71 1096
100 65 0503
100 65 0699
100 67 0501
100 68 0307
100 69 0364
100 70 0094
100 70 1230
100 71 0695
100 73 1087
100 70 1237
200 66 0138
200 68 0760
200 69 0165
200 69 0167
200 71 0740
200 73 1083
300 69 0002
300 69 0003
300 69 0634
300 70 1084
300 71 1081
300 72 1264
600 70 0080
600 70 0098
600 72 1074'
600 72 1076
600 72 1262
600 69 1006
200 72 1108
300 30 120S
300 71 0745
300 71 1008
400 72 1179
400 70 0092
200 72 1015
100 70 1230
200 71 0656
300 71 0732
500 70 0407
200 66 0135
100 55 0328
100 70 0034
100 71 0303
300 71 0412
100 71 0722
200 69 0708
600 71 0272
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SHINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE-CONFINEMENT
SHINE-WASTE
SHINE-WASTE
SHINE-WASTES
SYNTHESIS
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS
SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS
TANK-SPREAOEHS
TANYTARSUS
TASTE
TAXATION
TAXES
TAXES
TAXES
TAXONOMY
TCA-SOLUBLE-MUCIN
TON
TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE-CONTRO
TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE
TERRACES
TERRACES
TERRACES-AGRICULTU
TERRACES-RESEARCH
TERRACING
TERTIARY-TREATMENT
KEYWURD INDEX
SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS Pn
SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG HASTES-FACT SHEET
T^rn^rc4™"^'-""5 "<" STOREO S"'"E "«TES-FACT H ET IEYWORDS
WASTF
ne criye niccAee
u nc ft,t ?n r E SE
YNT^HAT?™ n? rSySLJ"4-!"0810 LA6°°N
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM
BY THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STlioTeTAN'
..-.2RE, MEASUH6D IN SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS VENTILATION SHINE-
ANAEROBICALLY tDCATCn tum.e ....*»*•.. ... ••_^«wii *nmi.
IN
ANIML n
HANDLING AND
MANAGEMENT m= Fi»
_-. . _._ ..~ .„«„.,,. AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA
COULD 8E ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
E"LU£NT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD 01SPOSA
- SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD
.NURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY
;°"SAL IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM
.-- FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC
EFFKT OF SAjuL HA«m*Ir°cv?Tch VEST°" "*STES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY
ODORS cJsfS Jm S.St ?£,?!!""! °N PLANT NUIRIENT CYCLING KEYHORDS FERTILIZATION CRO
PLANN NC IN?M»* SAC?? i^L " MATTER FROH HIGH DENS'TY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH
CinSFn
-------
lUd 73 1034
100 69 0714
loy 71 1038
'/60 73 1083
'300 68 0702
300 6,9 ueo
300 70 1192
300 7U 12*8
400 71 1134
400 71 1196
40u 73 1007
60U 72 1169
309 71 0466
1UO 70 1194
20U 69 0078
600 TO Q469
200 71 OH4
600 72 L.D76
600 69 1006
3UO 71 112ft
200 72 1016
100 Ti 1215
100 73 1164
100 70 0417
400 65 1142
200 69 0189
260 69 0190
400 72 1171
600 73 1069
200 71 0843
lOij 72 1219
100 72 1199
100 7) 1164
200 71 109}
600 71 0493
400 6$ 1142
100 67 121!
20X1 71 0807
300 72 108$
100 66 0473
100 69 0030
200 69 0074
200 69 0177
200 69 0180
500 70 0399
100 63 1064
100 65 1091
100 65 1219
100 69 OQ57
10.0 70 0418
100 71 0257
100 7,S 1087
200 69 0696
200 6) 0706
200 70 023*
200 70 0238
200 71 0276
200 71 0279
200 71 1099
300 64 U'lO
.300 68 1122
300 70 0385
'300 71 1100
400 72 1166
4UO 73
500 71
600 73 l<>65
300 64 1110
400 73 (181
300 69 1103
200 64 1241
100 70 0048
200 71 0740
100 72 1097
200 71 0775
200 71 0858
100 71 0680
200 69 0055
200 72 1024
300 71 1261
200 71 0808
100 63 0289
100 65 0263
100 69 0030
100 69 0035
100 69 0353
100 69 0707
100 70 0083
100 70 0421
100 71 0507
100 71 1228
200 66 0115
200 66 0133
200 66 0137
200 66 0139
200 66 0144
200 66 0152
200 66 0156
200 66 0438
200 68 1186
IJ78
1072
KEYWORD INDEX
TEST-TUbES TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANOI I HO OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SVSTE
TETRATHIONATE EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS
TEXAS CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS
TEXAS CONTINUOUS SOL 10 HASTE RETCRT»FEASIBI LI TV STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARN-WASTES WASTE-OISPO
TEXAS BUFFALO LAKE PROJECT RANDALL COUNTY, TEXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA COL I FORMS
TEXAS CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS PARK-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
TEXAS IMPLICATIONS OF MATER DUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
TEXAS LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS
IEXAS FEED EH TRASH, CUT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE BRUSH-CONTROL FARM-HASTES RECYCLING PR
TEXAS CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS ROLLUTION-AB
TEXAS FEEDERS SCULDEO FOR FAILING to LEARN THE IB MANURE ECONOMICS KEYHORDS FARM-WASTES ECQNON
TEXAS CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LAKGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-KETHODJ
TEXAS-HIGH-PLAIN} INFILTRATION RATES AND CROUNOWAT'ER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FtEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
THAMES-RIVER-ENGLA REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
THEORETICAL-ANAI.YS OXYGENATIUN CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K
THEORIES WHY DUES IT SMELL SO BAD KEYWORDS ODOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES
THERMAL-CAPACITY PYROLYSI5 OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALY$| J
THERMAL-DESTRUCTIP HI$H-TEMPE««TV*E HIGN-PRfSSUM EUTRUHON OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORD* FARM-WASTES
KYPQTHALAMIS TEMPERATURE. REGULATION 1* CATTLE HEYHCRPS CATTLE T
' 19M
,
THERNAL-P«OPERT|Ei CHARACTERISTIC.? Of ' ANIMAL WASTES AW «UNjQFF KEYWORDS CONCUCTU/ITf F
TN40C*gBAJ|IATE-PES.f AUTQtlATEp COMttUfTIMM VERSUS GMNS UBRRIE
THE SPORTSMAN; VIEW KEYWORDS .PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE toxicm AIOLOG
POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROK FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS N1IMTE EUTBOPH.ICA.TI
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL DUALITY KEYWORD*t * •
LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE BUCKS COLORjfliSH*iLL,M«s
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMJfSTlf-JNIWtS WAIVES 'FIRTH.
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFEjCTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS:- fi LITERATURE »EVI»H,KEYW
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT : «ETHO,RpS. MEMURYNEUTRO
MOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWOROS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOQS CATTLE i • I ,
OOOR CONTROL MAY BE A. BIO CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK f AM-WITES DAIRV.|NDUS3Ri CO
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES, IttOLGi WASTE-OISPOSAlTjaRIG^
EFFECTS OF WINE LAGOON EFFLUENT .OF THE SOIL AND P-UNT T»S$V« WMQRPt '• ' '(..<*•<.
LAKE TERMINOLOGY- WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTRQPH(CATION ALCAE DUCKS COLOR FUHKKL U«S
SALMON THAt NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA. KEYWORDS RECmCUCATfO**>T«R SAL»D»f AHQDHISL AND. f, ,: .
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORJI'OKIA^WA WATER-fOLlVtllW-WURC
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA'BACTERIA CATTli REPROQllCTI
SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CULTIVAIIONilN NORTHERN NIGERIA I THE ROLE Of ORGA&IC.
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES-OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PICS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEP CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS' . • .' j
TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY,
RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF DAIRY CATTLE NAMU
ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS TRANSPORTATION PROCES
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWOROS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
WASTE-INDUCED fROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOAS NEBRASK
158
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
200 69 0056 TREATMENT PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KEYWORDS
200 69 0162 TREATMENT THEORY ANO FUTURE OUTLOOK CF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE
20U 69 018* TREATMENT TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT
200 69 0706 TREATMENT HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF DAIRY ANO BEEF CATTLE WASTES JN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
200 69 07S6 TREATMENT SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC
20S ™ S5!5 ISpiI«H!l M*!!?..'!'*?16.5, KErwol'DS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOO coo DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT
200 70 02*2 TREATMENT MINIMIZING THE WASTE OISPOSAL PRObLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COO BOD REVERS
200 TO 0251 TRfcATMENT AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OOORSLURSlES AERATION USOONS BOO COO 0X10
200 70 0252 TREATMENT ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERJA SLUDGE SLURRIES OESISN-DATA HETH
200 70 02J3 TREATMENT TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES
!*2 l\ SJS! IJEiI«l!!I ct^M!"LDIS?H4llt;E 6UIDeLUES »•"> *" OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PE
300 69 06J8 TREATMENT ODOR CONTROLS BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS POULTRY AMMONIA-HYOROGEN-SULFIDE CARBON-
JOO TO 0008 TREATMENT if.*?!!1' TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS AERATION BOD OXIDATION
? = Slia T.c.T-I^T IRE*I?! ° FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS BOD VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER
t? Stlo »»!«!!? DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE OISPOSAL FARM W
*00 71 0329 TREATMENT UISPOSAL OF HATCHERY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT OISPOSAL HA
*°2 II St?= T.ltiu^T. A^MAL "ASU "»N»GEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT
200 69 0169 TREATMENTS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS LPON OISESTIBIL1TY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE
300 69 0735 TREATMENTS SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION PONO KEYWORD SETTLING-
600 71 0271 TREATMENTS GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR
202 IJ SfS; T.l.T.fllT ™,c=o... ^RICULTURAL-BENEFITS "o* «»»»i POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMEN
300 71 06J9 TREATMENT-DISPOSAL USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOW
200 69 0704 TREATMENT-FACILITI HANDLING, STORAGE. ANO TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K
300 67 12*9 TREATMENT-FACILITI AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
300 69 1061 TREATMENT-FACILITI RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
300 71 0*57 TREATMENT-FACILITI OISPOSAL OF LIOUIO WASTES FROM PARLORS ANO MILK MOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI
300 7l iS!S JJfiJUIUJ'^.ili DEJE»-OPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDWA
100 69 0037 TREATMENT-PROCESSE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY-ACT 600 PHOSP
300 *9 1210 TREES MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
300 71 1106 TREES MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
100 69 1198 TREE-BARK CHEMICAL ANO OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
200 Tl 0828 TRENCHES OISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P
200 66 015* TRENDS FARM-WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE .KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIDATION-PITCH FAMI
200 66 0135 TRICKLING-FILTERS TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE
}00 71 0732 TR CKL NG-F LTERS CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-INDUS!
600 72 1001 TRICKLING-FILTERS INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM
100 72 1215 TRITIUM AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
100 ™ Sno!! l\ «rcc Ao£.:'JE!!NiL **STeN*TEfl KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOO TS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAG
600 70 0098 TS BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COO BOO TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE
100 73 10*9 TUBER-BLACKENING MANURING OF POTATOES ON P£N SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS TE"P"»IURE
l*° I? !««! JnSir f n< A2hhiTI«»POTeNTIAL °F "t-''ONI0 F1SH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES fISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
300 71 1055 TUBIFICIDS ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
100 69 0035 TURBIDITY I?"™6"1 OF "EF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REuIE MWWOS %So COO " «PTIC-TAN
200 TO 0795 TURBIDITY FEEDLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 T2 1021 TURKEYS APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
*00 Tl 0505 TURKEYS CONFINEMENT-REARING OF TURKEYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSYCHROMTRicS CONTROL
300 Tl 1126 TURTLES """"J" R'V" E"LOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN
100 62 0480 TVS CAGE AND KENNEL WASTEWATER KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOD TS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAG
600 70 0098 TVS BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COD BOD TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE
100 73 116* TYPHIMURIUM SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES ANO EGGS FOLLOWIN
*00 70 0268 UITIMATE-OISPOSAL MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UITIMATE-01SPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F
100 70 0112 UK ^??E|!II TREN°S IN "RM "STE O'5"05*1- KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION
200 70 0235 UK ORIG NS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK
200 70 0236 UK ORIGINS ANO NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK-
200 TO 0238 UK THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGEN C LAGOONS SLURRIE
200 TO 02*0 UK WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE OISPOSAL KEYWORDS L
200 70 02*1 UK SEWERS ANO SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP
200 TO 02*3 UK MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS OISPOSAL OOOR BOD UK FERTILIZERS SLU
200 70 02*5 UK MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEVWOROS SLURRIES OISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEKENT
200 70 02*4 UK BUILDING DESIGN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES OISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILOINGi STO
100 72 1235 ULTIMATE-BOO BOO DETERMINATIONS ON FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-
200 69 0199 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD
300 71 1238 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAUUC-TwSsP
300 71 1257 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS
600 73 11*7 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-D1SPO
200 71 0651 UNITED ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED KINGOON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-TREATHEN
>100 70 119* UNITED-KINGDOM REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPH CAT ON
UOO 70 1233 UNITED-KINGDOM LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
'IOC 71 1214 UNITED-KINGDOM THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION
1200 70 023* UNITED-KINGDOM FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOO COD DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT
200 6* 12*0 UNITED-STATES THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA CCLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
200 69 OS36 UNIVERSITIES ROLE OF UNIVERSITY-EXTENSION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES WATER-POLLUT
!200 72 1022 UNIVERSITY-OF-NEBR RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
300 70 12*7 UNLIMATE-OISPOSAL OISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
300 71 1057 UPPER-NEOSHO-RIVER EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEOLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI
100 70 10*1 URBANIZATION STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY ANO NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC
100 70 0228 URBAN-FRINGE RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN FRINGE KEYWORDS OOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT
JOO 70 108* URBAN-REFUSE CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE
300 71 1081 URBAN-REFUSE CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWASE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU
200 69 1167 URBAN-RURAL-INTERF AGRICULTURAL WASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA
200 TO 0222 UREA THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION
200 Tl 1033 UREA NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLIUTION AMMONIA FAR
100 TO 103T UREAS NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS
100 TO 0260 URIC GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
169
-------
200 69 0190
600 72 10T6
100 71 0303
100 7} 1088
100 69 0693
100 TO 0027
100 70 1251
100 71 0303
100 71 1221
100 71 1232
200 66 0155
300 6B 1123
200 70 0322
200 71 0596
200 71 0599
200 71 0620
400 71 1172
200 72 1012
200 72 1028
100 64 0072
100 70 0028
100 70 0723
100 71 0680
200 69 0055
200 69 0172
400 -71 0262
500 70 0403
100 63 1064
700 70 1066
200 66 0140
100 60 0059
100 69 0086
100 70 0413
100 71 0316
200 66 0153
200 69 0202
200 70 0220
200 71 0282
200 71 0847
30g 49 1210
400 66 0088
100 70 0027
600 69 1160
200 69 0189
100 66 0506
200 66 0118
300 TO 1104
200 71 0804
600 72 1151
100 71 0683
100 71 0695
200 68 0760
200 69 0196
200 72 1018
300 70 0206
400 65 1142
400 70 0308
400 71 0297
400 71 0505
400 73 1178
600 71 0494
600 72 1191
600 71 0494
300 70 0385
300 71 1238
200 69 1102
200 71 0602
200 71 0617
100 71 0307
500 70 0402
100 71 0742
200 68 1242
200 68 1244
200 69 1102
200 71 0812
600 72 1151
600 70 0080
600 70 0080
100 71 0261
200 66 0134
200 66 0138
100 69 0363
600 72 1004
200 66 0135
200 69 0168
200 69 0193
600 69 1160
100 69 0103
400 73 1178
600 72 1156
600 73 1075
100 70 1211
100 65 0066
100 69 0363
200 69 0197
300 69 0006
400 64 0358
400 65 0332
400 66 0380
400 68 0101
URIC-4CIU
URIC-ACID
URI NARY
URINARY-NITROGEN
URINE
URINE
URINE
URINE
URINE
URINE
URINE
URINE
USDA
USOA
USDA
USOA
USDA
US-OEPARTMENT-OF-A
US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RES
UTILIZATION
UTILIZATION
UTILIZATION
UTILIZATION
UTILIZATION
UTILIZATION
UTILIZATION
UTILIZATION
U-S-DEPARTMENT-OF-
VACTERIA
VACUUM
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VALUE
VANILMANDELIC-ACID
VANT-HOFF-ARRHENUI
VAPOR-DILUTION
VARIATION
VECTOR
VECTROS-BIOLOGY
VELOCITY
VELOMETER-TEST
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION-SYSTEM
VETERINARY-DIAGONO
VIBRATING-SCREEN
VIRAL-REMOVAL
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRUS
VIRUS
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VIRUS-PNEUMONIA-IN
VISCOMETERS
VISCOSITY
VOLATILE
VOLATILE
VOLATILE
VOLATILEODOR-TRANS
VOLATILE-ORGANIC-A
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILITY
VOLATILITY
VOLATILITY
VOLATILITY
VOLTAGE
VOLUME
VOLUME
VOLUME
VOLUME
VOLUME
VOLUME
VOLUME
VOLUME
KEYWORD INDEX
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN
HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR
METABOLIC FATE OF UBlOUINONE-T KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CMEMICAt
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0
IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K
EFFECT OF STRESS ON SHINE HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON. VANILMANOEL1C ACID
AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER-
METABOLIC FATE OF UBIOUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS
WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-HATER-TREA
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS L10UID-W
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRONME
SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEOLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA
THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEOLOTi WASTE CONTROL. PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG
RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIE
OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
AREA DIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC
A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY" CHICKbNS U> tNtHbt I-HUH MbttS UtTWUHUS BTTETT~50RGUUB HIM
HOUSEFLY LARVAE 8IODESRADATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS
FEEDING VALUE OF CATTLE MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS REUSE UTILIZATION
ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS TRANSPORTATION PROCES
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM
SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW-FURROW-COVER METHOD
WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-HAS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT
TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR
DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEWATERING VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD
THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN
THE APPARENT-DIGESTIBILITY OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN IN TOPLAN DRIED-POULTRY-MANURE KEYWO
VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT DIG
RUNOFF, SOLID HASTES, AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLCTS KEYWORDS COO BOD DO SOIL-C
POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST
THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE
SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED
STUDIES OF PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINA
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0
POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PKOBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER
EFFECT Of STRESS ON SWINE HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANILMANOELIC ACID
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURfACE-RUNOFF DISS
MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO
CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOD COD FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE
HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGV
IMPROVING WATER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE REMOVAL KEYWORDS
IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES K
ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM
CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS USING SOLID-STATE CONTROLS KEYWORD COMF1
HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTATING SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARS
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF A-NINAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A
WASTE CAUSED AIR POLLUTANTS ARE MEASURED IN SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS VENTILATION SWINE-
DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-HASTES SLOTTEO-FLOOR VENTILA
BROODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORACE
CONFINEMENT-REARING OF TURKEYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSYCHROMETRICS CONTROL
ODOR CONTROL HAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES OAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN
IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES K
A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEVW
CLOSED SYSTEM HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAUL1C-TRANSP
MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0
STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT V
THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY AOM1N1STRAT
ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM HEL10THIS-ARMIGERA AND ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES
DISEASE TRANSMISSION OF WATER-BORN ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY HATE
INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS HATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC
MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0
PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES SHINE SLU '
IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES K
FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA
FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES DAIRY BULL, SWINE,AND POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUD
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC OAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEY*
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGOONS FOR SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COO BOO TEMP
ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEVHORDS GAS-CHROM
CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS
TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR ION
CHARACTERISTICS OF AOUEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOO PH REDOX-POTENTIAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS
NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE HATER BY ABSORPTION OF AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE f
ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO
SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS
ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTUKAL-ENGI
THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AND SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR
ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROM
REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY CDOR MOISTURE-CONTENT WEIGHT VO
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HUG HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS Dt
TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS BOO VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-HATER
HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL
TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT KEYWORDS ORGANIC-WASTES VOLUME ORGANIC-MATTER GRASS-BELTS P
MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR
17(J
-------
600 73 1075 VOLUMETRIC-ANALYSI
200 72 101B VOLUNTARY-HASTE-CO
•100 68 0087 VS
200 66 0121 VS
TuO 70 0231 VS
100 63 1064 V-C-13
100 70 1111 WADING-UIRDS
300 71 1119 HALDORF-AERATOK
200 69 0194 WARBURG
400 71 1131 WARM-BARN
200 72 1017 WARM-SLOT-HOUSING
200 71 0860 WASHING
1UO 71 1236 WASHINGTON
ICO 70 1237 WASHINGTON
100 65 0263 WASTE
100 66 0478 WASTE
100 68 0481 WASTE
100 69 0416 WASTE
100 70 0260 WASTE
100 70 0420 WASTE
100 70 1195 WASTE
200 66 0438 WASTE
300 69 0633 WASTE
400 69 0419 WASTE
400 69 0419 WASTE
400 70 0268 WASTE
400 71 0267 WASTE
400 71 0327 WASTE
400 71 0329 WASTE
400 71 0435 WASTE
100 71 0751 WASTELAGE
200 69 0171 WASTELAGE
200 71 0845 WASTELAGE
100 63 0436 WASTES
100 64 0474 WASTES
100 65 1219 WASTES
100 66 0437 WASTES
100 66 0473 WASTES
100 68 0306 WASTES
100 68 0381 WASTES
100 70 0413 WASTES
100 70 0418 WASTES
100 71 0569 WASTES
200 66 0140 HASTES
200 67 1243 WASTES
200 70 1118 HASTES
200 71 0665 HASTES
200 71 1099 WASTES
300 53 1206 HASTES
300 68 1122 HASTES
300 69 1060 WASTES
300 69 1129 HASTES
300 69 1203 HASTES
300 70 1248 HASTES
400 69 0419 HASTES
400 71 1139 HASTES
300 72 1085 HASTES-CHARACTERIS
100 72 1188 HASTES-GASES
300 69 1125 HASTES-MANAGEMENT
300 71 0744 HASTEWATER
200 70 0747 UASTEUATER-OISPOSA
700 72 1048 HASTEHATER-DISPOSA
200 70 0670 HASTEHATER-TREATME
200 70 0747 UASTEHATER-TREATME
300 70 0489 HASTEWATER-TREATME
700 72 1048 HASTEHATER-TREATME
200 71 0835 HASTE-ASSIMILATIVE
300 70 1036 HASTE-ASSIMILATIVE
200 71 0660 HASTE-BYPRODUCTS
100 68 1229 HASTE-CHARACTERIST
200 71 0709 HASTE-DILUTION
300 70 1192 WASTE-DILUTIONS
100 62 1220 HASTE-DISPOSAL
100 71 0266 HASTE-DISPOSAL
10O 71 1214 HASTE-DISPOSAL
100 71 1228 HASTE-DISPOSAL
100 73 1069 HASTE-DISPOSAL
100 73 1162 WASTE-DISPOSAL
100 73 1184 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 67 1243 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 69 0159 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 69 0522 HASTE-DISPOSAL
200 69 1116 HASTE-DISPOSAL
200 69 1167 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 69 1185 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 70 0720 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 70 0755 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 70 1159 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 70 1175 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 0660 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 0664 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 0733 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 0763 HASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 0769 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 0779 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 0834 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 1094 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 71 1096 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 72 1010 WASTE-DISPOSAL
200 72 1011 WASTE-DISPOSAL
KEYWORD INDEX
MANURE STACKING KEVHORSs WASTE ™S« W»TC n?con?*STE ™E»™E"T HASTE DISPOSAL FARM W
WASTE MANAGEMENT WHA? ools ?J ^DS?" K^v^^f.-""™!" "il'?*1!:?!?"0?*!: ""TE-STORAGE F
fsrisss s'san.i»B!s,vssa : I '
BBS saaujfrs^ja-as,':^ SB "I »'";"""°
SUMMER CONflRENCE Of SOCIETY FOR APPLl?n £^22? CATTLE SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPTIC-T
LTCi?^r,S,.Y!rf^
ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF Nl"lNG PmSS ««?«"«»!!««" *RIIFI"<-USE WASTE-DISP
BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMFNT BonrD?! JfJE5 KEVWOI><» ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS
IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUAIITY "« FOR ?ME «F.DLG? °?£S,,«UN'OFF "TTLE ««TE-OILUTION *
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL fr?lSlT«USTRV KEY"ORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS HlTHallSlT
!
s ^
r r? w-SPoSAL HASTE-T
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION--NOW AND IN tHf SE!« A«IiVIIiE$ KEV"ORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES
FUTURE-TRENDS IN L WESTOCK-PRQDUCTIoJ KSvJSSnt i?t(.^I?OR°S LE6AL-ASP6CTS OESIGN-STA
MANAGING LIVESTOCK nijTES TO CONTROL POLEu¥?SS KE?i««Sin, , "f ""OISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE
AGRICULTURAL HASTES « MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KtSSnSn* Snf? JOLLUT'ON-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADI
ECONOMICS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KErSoftH Sn, , HT?^"'!0. "STE-"I SfOSAL AGRICULTURA
PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE . F6RTILIZATION USING POmT.J ??T?JIM'P°ILUTION ECONOMICS HER6I
FEEOLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYHORD WA2TE-TREA?2«I I,n, nJ?? KEVWOI(0S FARM-HASTE WASTE-
METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HATER-LAH
UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEY.HORDS
ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTK??^ AND" Iri^m S?^" ARTIF'«L-USE WASTE-
ALTERNATIVES FOR HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN "OPER»HON KEYWORDS
-
KE>ltOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
,n, n - -
?? h?£I^L'TRE*™eNT «*STE-OI SPOSAL
i?JeE"ENT ""TE-OISPOSAL HOGS LA
2J'TS FEED-«-"S HASTE-DISPOSAL
" " ARTIF'«L-USE WASTE-DISP
RE
171
-------
200 72 1012
200 72 1014
200 72 1016
200 72 1019
200 72 1020
200 72 1021
200 72 1022
200 72 1023
200 72 1024
200 72 1025
200 72 1029
200 72 1030
200 73 1062
200 73 1082
200 7) 1083
200 73 1189
300 1077
300 1105
300 26 1204
300 62 0754
300 67 12*9
300 69 1061
300 69 1103
300 69 1160
300 69 1203
300 70 1000
300 70 1036
300 70 1192
300 70 1247
300 70 1248
300 71 0697
300 71 1008
300 71 1106
300 71 1107
300 72 1003
300 72 1157
300 72 1170
300 72 1260
300 72 1264
300 73 1009
400 70 0268
400 70 1132
400 70 1133
400 70 1176
400 71 0262
400 71 0264
400 71 0327
400 71 0435
400 71 0439
400 71 0568
400 71 0753
400 71 1137
400 71 117*
400 71 1196
400 72 1138
400 72 1166
400 72 1171
400 72 1173
400 72 1179
400 73 1007
400 73 1073
400 73 1198
400 73 1183
500 71 1072
600 69 1005
600 72 1031
600 72 1149
600 72 1150
600 72 1156
600 72 1169
600 72 1177
600 72 1262
600 73 1065
700 69 1067
700 70 1066
300 72 1070
400 71 0264
200 70 0326
300 71 1257
300 71 1297
100 72 1193
200 66 0117
200 69 0161
200 69 0525
200 T2 1016
200 72 1069
300 72 1003
400 71 0298
500 70 0410
600 69 1O05
600 T2 1071
500 70 0386
300 71 1081
600 73 1065
700 72 1048
200 71 OS02
200 66 0122
200 68 0724
200 69 0347
200 71 0658
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
UASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
UASTE-DISPOSAL
UASTE-DISPOSAL
UASTE-OISPOSAL
UASTE-OISPOSAL
UASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
UASTE-OISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
UASTE-OISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-OISPOSAL-LAG
HASTE-DUMPS
WASTE-HANDLING
WASTE-HANDLING-ALT
HASTE-HANDLING-COS
HASTE-IDENTIFICATI
NASTE-LOAOS
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT-F
WASTE-MANAGEMENT-S
HASTE-PRODUCTION
WASTE-PRODUCTS
WASTE-QUALITY
WASTE-REUSE
WASTE-SLUDGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
KEYWORD INDEX
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS
POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI
APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL
CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-L
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL
COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS fVROLVSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES
RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS
NOTES ON UATER POLLUTION WASTE WATERS FROM FARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRRIGATION BOD
AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO HATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS
ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CO
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION HA
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M
POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERT1LIZ
PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-HASTES
MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS HASTE-DISPOSAL UIT1MATE-DISPOSAL HASTE-STORAGE F
THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYHOROS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-HASTES.
POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES
HASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-HAS
HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DUMPS FAR
RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS' KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL DRIED-POULTRY
THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO
THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO
DEAD BIRD DISPOSAL BY RENDERING KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE WASTE-OIS
MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND SOLO AT A PROFIT KEYWORD FEEDLOT CATTLE MARKET-VALUE HAST
REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL HATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED
LIQUID HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-HASTES FEEO-L
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAHS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYHORDS
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEVHORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE
MONFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FOR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS PLASTICS TILES
NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEVHORDS ODOR HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN
THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT
FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES ECONOM
NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS
00 YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE HAST
CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYHOROS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES SEWAGE HASTE-DISPOSAL IRRFG
FACILITY DESIGN KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES
ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR
MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF
OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA
SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEVHORDS APPLICATION-METHODS
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL
CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS
EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYHOROS FARM-HASTES ODOR H
HATER POLLUTION BY SHINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR
PERIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS
HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DUMPS FAR
AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT ODOR HASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RE
EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYHOROS
EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYHORDS
CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYHOR
DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY OUCKS BOO COLIFORNS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PL*
THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-MANAGEN
ENGINEERING-RESEARCH ON FARM-ANIMAL-MANURE KEYWORDS ODORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT HASTE-
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLV PROCESSED SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION HA
MANAGING SWINE WASTES TO PREVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATER-OISP
ALLIANCE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGISTRATION INVENTORY WASTE-NA
FACILITY DESIGN KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATEH-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-HASTES
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SHINE MANURE KEVHORDS
INTRODUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAN HATER KEYHORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEOLOTS
CONVERTING ORGANIC HASTES TO OIL KEYHORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-HASTES AGRICULTU
EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYHOROS
SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC
AUTOMATED HANOLlNGi TREATMENT AND-RECYCLING OF WASTE HATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-HASTE MATERIAL KEYUORDS ODOH POULTRY HASTE-STORAGE OISPO
GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFJN
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHOROS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION HAS
MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYHOROS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION UASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION RE
172
-------
200 71 0662
iOO 71 0733
200 71 0769
200 71 0821
2UO 71 0822
200 71 082)
200 71 083*
200 71 0835
200 71 0836
200 71 0841
200 72 1010
2oO 72 1012
200 72 1020
300 67 1253
300 69 1180
300 71 0671
300 72 11S7
tOO 70 0261
400 70 0419
400 TL 1136
400 73 1198
400 73 1178
600 69 1009
660 72 1004
600 72 1150
600 72 1196
600 73 107S
700 69 1067
300 68 1123
600 72 1071
100 65 1219
100 70 0413
100 71 0266
100 71 0729
100 73 1184
200 t>a 1244
200 69 0161
200 69 0947
200 69 0963
ZOO 69 1185
200 70 0728
200 70 0747
200 70 0799
200 70 1119
200 70 1179
200 71 0642
200 71 0691
200 71 0779
200 71 0810
200 71 1033
200 72 1010
200 T2 1011
200 72 1012
200 72 1014
200 72 1017
SCO 72 1020
200 T2 1024
300 67 1293
300 69 1103
300 70 1192
300 70 1248
300 Tl 0677
300 71 1297
300 72 1197
300 72 1260
300 72 1264
400 70 0419
4OO 70 1132
400 71 0327
400 71 0686
400 71 1172
400 71 1174
400 72 1130
400 72 1171
400 72 1173
400 73 1140
500.68 1299
600 69 1009
600 72 1001
600 72 1071
600 72 1076
600 72 1163
600 73 1079
700 70, 1109
100 69 0060
200 71 0829
300 72 1070
400 64 0398
100 67 1218
100 69 1231
300 69 1061
300 70 1247
400 68 0032
400 71 0298
200 68 1244
400 73 1168
300 68 1209
700 70 1046
700 70 1296
100 68 1229
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
UASTt-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STOKAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGES
WASTE-TRANSPORT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTErTREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
'HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT ,
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT .
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT.
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT-AL
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT •
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-HATER
WASTE-HATER
HASTE-HATER
WASTE-HATER
HASTErWATER-DISPOS
HASTE-HATER-OISPOS
WASTE-UATER-DISPOS
WASTE-HATER-D1SPOS
HASTE-HATER-DISm
HASTE-HATER-DISPOS
HASTE-WATER-IRRlttA
WASTE-WATER-IRR1GA
HASTE-WATER-POLLUT
HASTE-HATER-POLLUT
HASTE-WATER-PpLLUr
HASTE-HATER-TREATM
KEYWORD INDEX
i i - £« "^E" ^?Rss:Hs^ERu?pg;!:s??ONNii!;Soa^AB??R
T73
-------
100 70 0299
100 70 1040
100 70 1227
100 70 1230
100 71 10*7
100 71 1228
100 71 1232
100 T2 1129
100 73 1128
100 73 1184
200 70 1113
200 70 1114
200 72 1054
200 72 1192
300 6B 1123
300 69 1061
300 71 0639
300 71 1119
400 71 1136
600 73 1147
700 70 1046
700 70 1109
100 66 1080
100 68 0461
100 68 0481
100 69 0416
100 69 0679
100 70 0031
100 70 0365
200 64 1240
200 66 0436
200 70 0242
200 72 1089
300 1077
300 68 0741
300 70 1084
300 71 1081
300 72 1260
400 71 0339
400 71 1135
300 69 1103
100 69 0061
100 71 1212
200 71 0282
300 71 1058
100 71 1212
300 71 1096
300 71 0466
300 71 1100
300 64 1110
400 69 1225
100 70 1211
200 71 0781
400 70 0109
100 71 0674
100 70 1194
300 1105
200 70 1175
300 71 1246
100 68 0090
200 70 0727
300 70 1192
700 72 1049
300 70 0384
300 1105
100 67 0076
100 62 1220
100 66 1080
100 67 0076
100 67 1218
100 68 1121
100 69 1042
100 69 1198
100 69 1231
100 70 0102
100 70 1037
100 70 1041
100 70 1051
100 70 1194
100 70 1195
100 70 1217
100 70 1217
100 70 1233
100 70 1251
100 71 0722
100 71 1038
100 71 1039
10O 71 1212
100 71 1214
1DO 71 1223
100 71 1236
100 72 1097
100 72 1193
100 72 121!
100 72 1224
100 73 10B7
100 73 1184
140 70 1237
200 66 0118
200 66 0120
HASTE-WATER-TREATM
HASTE-WATER-TREATM
HASTE-WATER-TREATM
HASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
HASTE-WATER-TREATM
WASTE-WATER-TREATM
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
WATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
WATER
HATER
WATER
WATER
WATER
WATER
WATER
WATERCOURSES-LEGAL
WATERSHEDS
WATERSHEDS
WATERSHEDS
WATERSHEDS-BASINS
WATERSHED-MANAGEHE
WATER-ALLOCATION-P
WATER-ANALYSIS
HATER-ANALYSIS
HATER-BLOOM
HATER-CONSERVATION
HATER-CONSUMPTION
WATER-CONSUMPTION
WATER-CONSUMPTION
HATER-CONTENT
HATER-DEMAND
HATER-FOWL
WATER-LAW
WATER-LAW
WATER-LEVEL
WATER-MANAGEMENT
HATER-MANAGEMENT-A
WATER-MANAGEMENT-A
HATER-MEASUREMENT
WATER-POLICY
WATER-POLLUTANTS
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-TR
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION-EF
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION-EF
WATER-POLLUTIQN-SO
HATER-POLLUTION-CO
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT ION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUT I ON-SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT 10N-EF
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-CO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
KEYWORD INDEX
HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY-RUNOFF HASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS HYDROLOGY WASTE-WATER-TREATME
STABILIZATION Of DAIRY WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS
AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK HASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO
OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT BEEF BUILDING KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP>
WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TRE*
BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS
USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-WATER-TR
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOHA FARM-WASTES L
USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDW
TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD
FEEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-WA
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE UlTIMATE-OISPO
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC
AN EVALUATION Of AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NOGS A
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARH-WASTES GROUN
RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW ROLE FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE WASTE W
RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW ROLE FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE HASTE W
A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C
NITROGEN LOSSES FROM'ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR
VOLITILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT
AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS WATER SALIN
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA CQLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E
SOIL CHEMICAL CHANGES AND INFILTRATION RATE REDUCTION UNDER SEWAGE SPREADING KEYWORDS
MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOO REVERS
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROML1VESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACU
CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE
CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICUITU
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILU
FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED WATER HOSS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHI
ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER GUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
SFniMFNT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDW*
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEVWO
INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO
LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCt-OEV
ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULIURAL-ENG1
ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOD DUCK AERA
SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS
CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTR
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL.
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU
W1LSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS WEIRS
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS OE
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
ECONOMICS OF WATER OUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN A6RICULTU
THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOtOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION-
NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS. NITRATES WATER-
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NITRATES WATER-
FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUALITY-MANAGE
WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS
THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN WATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES*
CHEMICAL ANO OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS
POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND. NEW YORK KEYWORDS
POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION
NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS ANO THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS.
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR
REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREAT10N
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER-
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS A
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND ANO FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-HASTES WATER-POLLUTION
EFFECT OF OURSBAN IN THE DRINKING WATER Of CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOD OURSBAN CHOHN
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS
CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYUOft
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
HEALTH ASPECTS ANO VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBL1C-HEALT
STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA
174
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
iUO 66 1112 WAFER-POLLUTION-SO CATTLE FEEOLOT KUNOFF NATURE AND 66HAV10R KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION tnn.ru c,,.t.re ..
3 f, iil! ™ BsilTsS ETsSFsSsKii If 1
200 68 1186 WATER-POLLUTION TECHNICAL AND LE6*L CONTROLS FoStHE OlSPOs" OFMml! MSTM M?ySJ« " " "*""
i » KB SSSSiL.
s i! is sssisir
in
ZOO 71 06*4 WATER-POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY AND PRODUCT 1V1T? MYMROS WATEH-WU??? WITH JnM »??™
ZOO 71 1095 WATER-POLLUTION BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVlRONMSmL mm 7?2 tcIiSSJ" "
a u is:? KTK5atK!su. sssiK^s-ira,!??7^" h s s d / £" -- "-- »««"
200 71 1234 KATER-POLLUTION-EF SOHE 08SERVATIONS ON THE LIWOLOG? OF A P§NO RECEI??NG ANlS!? w«5«°«iH«« WATE*-|>OL
!SS ?! IKi EJS:SK!!!S-M ^r^Sa^ S° r SIS 5 F S J i
!§S " IS?? KISS:BttK!S ST^ffiruS^KE^
is? 26 usj KSKiatsiir" 5»! KSc!1^^ s : « s r S ^ ------ jErsKV.^
i6o 30 U05 WATER-POLLUTION SUMMER V OOELL lSjUNC?ION TO ?««..? 5mr»??nl;«C? "* U'P" RIP*RI»" H06 FARM
ss n mi wtx^w &iisvK?i5S r? ' L j i A • 2¥ s'
?sg s IKS SBKSSKSS ssasfoT.'i s ; s S? : S .Tt K srs"
in
= ;« - -lK
|0°S Jg JiK SJSS:Stt»!S JSTSgSSS, BTSS Sffi."^ lS S ? SSs,S 3 1 ? ? j " &>SSX K
i I i illL
° } " ""
o T
ss ?} JBS KJsr-stsssso0 KfaJSK?B,,oi1'ss!aK ?ra!wri! i? « s H L ss Fs Fr?s
- •-------
L0
1% ?! JJ2 SSgSatSISSS ^.T^-JSi&S^T^ US? i S sS SS S i K
JOO 72 1003 WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FEEOLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS S«??2 «f?»!7 "* C*
JOO 72 1052 WATER-POLLUTION-SO EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIC^TO SOIlf ON SU|F«E WO MCUNOWATM «s?«^ ?«UIION "*
300 73 1009 WATER-POLLUTION STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-PO??U??nN ?A??^ til °R°S
400 65 U?7 WATER-POLLUTION-SO WHY NITRATES IN HATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERmimSFwS wi5?« SI«
400 65 11*1 WATER-POLLUTION-SO NITRATES DANCER FOR HUMANS. TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES F«M !!I?tt J?f
*00 67 1226 WATER-POLLUTION-SO PHOSPHORUS t HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORS M5SlIoM?lS"»TeI"J"u?lSJI:MSI"s SE
175
-------
400 68 0229
400 69 10*5
400 69 1225
400 70 0046
400 70 1176
400 71 1137
400 71 11*3
400 71 11*4
400 71 1174
400 71 1196
400 73 1063
4UO 73 1158
500 70 OJ88
500 70 0396
500 70 0404
500 70 0408
500 70 0410
500 70 0411
500 71 1072
500 71 1Z55
600 69 100S
600 73 1065
700 70 1046
700 70 1066
700 70 1109
700 71 1120
700 72 1049
100 70 1111
100 68 1123
100 66 1080
100 67 1218
100 67 1258
100 69 0375
100 70 1217
100 71 0453
100 71 04«4
100 71 0681
100 71 0722
100 71 1038
100 71 1039
100 71 1212
100 72 1097
200 66 0144
200 69 0158
200 69 0423
200 69 0426
200 69 0523
200 69 0708
200 69 1116
200 69 1117
200 70 0226
2UO 70 111B
200 71 0463
200 71 0642
200 71 0644
200 71 0650
200 71 077*
200 71 0829
200 71 1252
200 72 1108
300 30 1205
300 53 1206
300 64 1110
300 69 0093
300 69 1060
300 69 1103
300 69 1203
300 70 1248
300 71 1055
500 71 1056
300 73 1009
500 70 0409
900 70 0411
600 72 1071
100 69 0037
200 69 0181
200 69 0545
200 71 0663
100 70 1192
400 68 0038
200 69 0546
300 53 1206
300 69 1060
300 69 1203
300 70 1201
400 71 1196
TOO 72 1049
100 67 1218
!00 69 0530
MO 70 1237
200 71 0611
200 71 0613
300 71 1055
JUO 71 1056
400 69 1225
100 73 1263
100 68 1242
100 68 1123
100 69 1103
MO 71 1106
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION- SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-CO
KAFER- POLLUTION-CO
WATER-POLLUTION
MAT ER-POLLUr ION-CO
WATEK-POLLUTION-CO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER- POLLUTION-CO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION- SO
WATER-POLLUTION-CO
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION- SO
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATEK-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLLUTION-SO
WATER-POLYCHLOKINA
WATER-PURIFICATION
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-OUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-OUALITY
WATEH-QUALITY
HATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATEH-QUALITY
WATER-OUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATEK-OUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-OUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-OUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-OUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-OUALITY-ACT
WATER-QUALITY-ACT
WATER-QUALITV-ACT
WATER-QUALITY-ACT
WATER-QUALITY-ACT
WATER-QUALITY-ACT
WATER-OUALITY-CONT
WATER-QUALITY-CONT
WATER-QUALITY-CONT
WATER-QUALITY-CONT
WATER-QUALITY-CONT
WATER-QUALITY-CONT
WATER-QUALITY-CONT
WATER-OUAL1TY-MANA
WATER-OUALITY-STAN
WATER-REQUIREMENTS
WATER-RESOURCES-DE
WATER-RESOURCES-DE
WATER-RESOURCES
WATER-RESOURCE-INV
WATER-RESOURCE-DEV
WATER-RESTRICTION
WATER-REUSE
WATER-REUSE
WATER-REUSE
WATER-REUSE
KEYWORD INDEX
THE FARM ROLE IN WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTIO)
AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT tON NU
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GOOD NE IGHBOURLlNESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BU
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANWAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES
REGISTRATION IS REOUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED
A LOVELY MEW SCENT FOR MANURE KEYWORDS Al k-POLLUT ION SAGEBRUSH FARM-WASTES ODOR
CONFINEMENT FEEDING PROS. CONS, AND TIPS KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION
LltUIO WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-L
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES
DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS' RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WAST
CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN WATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS WATER-POLLUTION CLAYS ORG
IHE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN WATER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DOT SOURCES CONCENTRATION
MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS WITH GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ZONE-OF-
LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N
ALLIANCE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGI STRATION INVENTORY WASTE-MA
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND COALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVl
HUJAN JND ANIMAL 'WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWOpDS FARM-WASTES SEWASEWASTE-OISF-OSAL IRR1G
CATTLE KEYWOSOS ANIMAL-DISEASES CAiiLt i-btu-iuii FARH-HASTES WATER-
-
FACILITY DESIGN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POILUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES
EFF6CTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STK
ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
POLYCHLOR1NATED 8IPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORINATEO-HYOROCARBON-PESTICIOES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER--A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN
FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-8UALITY-MANAGE
RECOVERY OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM HIGH QUALITY SURFACE WATER KEYWORDS
RURAL-RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY SOIL-EROSION COLIF
APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-QUALITY
RELATIONSH PS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS
EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOUS KEYWO
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS *
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS
NUTRIENTS N STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN
SlTRAIE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS
TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU
REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY COST-BENEFIT-RATIO ENVIRONMEN
2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WftSTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESICN-D
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-CUAt
SHAT Uo WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-WASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN w
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOO COO TEST-PR
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI
WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS— SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU
A bALANCE-SHEET-METHOO OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO
HOW wSJoRl-PRODUCERS COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY-STANDARDS KEYWORDS WATER-QUA
AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS WATER-
ED RONMeNTAl. QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION
GUIDELINES FOR MIN MUING PESTICIDE POLLUTION KEYWORDS PESTICIDE-DRIFT WATER-QUALITY P
SAN«EMENT o? BARNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-I
WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LISUIO, AND DRY DAIRY
NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATERS
EFFECTS OF AGR CULTURAL LAND USE ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS
SUMNER V OOELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING WATEK BY CATTLE KEYWORDS
loLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS PELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLCOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES
HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD DO RIVERS WATER-QUALITY STR6AH
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WAUR-POLLUT ION-SOURC
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACT1VITES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES
eCONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI
i. COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS .
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY-ACT BOD PHOSP
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION C
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO
^EMAUoToF WMPONmS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS OISPOS
MPLICATONS OF WATER OUALTY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-OUALITV-ACT DAMS RUNO
THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA
POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES
fSuUNG OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL
MUUNG OF SlTeSs t M SOEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB
ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU
luTU^E WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUAL I TY-MANAGE
™ ROLE OF ™E FEDEP.A! WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN f ARM-ANIMAL-WASTE AND
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON
S si A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PRUttRAMS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENC
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONIROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOMIN1ST
INNUAL REPORT OF ACT VITIES'OURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
AN .ML MIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV
CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTRIC
THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN
I FEAsIllUTY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WAUR-POILUT ION-SOURC
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO
176
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
400 68 0229
300 69 1103
400 71 0309
200 71 0279
100 70 1194
100 70 1211
100 71 1212
30J 53 12U6
300 68 1209
300 69 1103
400 65 1127
100 69 0052
300 69 1044
3UO 69 1124
300 71 1008
400 69 0016
500 70 0404
500 70 0402
200 70 111S
200 71 0656
200 71 1094
300 68 1123
300 70 1192
300 69 1103
300 71 1055
300 70 0384
300 49 1210
300 70 1192
:100 70 1041
300 68 1202
300 68 1209
400 65 1127
400 65 1141
100 70 1217
700 70 1256
400 71 1139
100 70 1237
200 69 0197
100 TO 0014
200 72 1152
100 71 0461
100 68 0090
100 69 0061
•• 200 71 0703
100 72 1224
300 67 0711
100 72 1097
200 69 0482
200 69 0542
300 71 0269
400 73 1063
300 67 0711
100 66 0341
100 64 0072
400 71 0293
300 71 1119
100 65 1091
300 70 1104
100 71 1212
300 69 1103
100 67 1258
100 67 0041
400 71 1139
200 72 1152
600 72 1154
100 64 0333
100 73 1087
100 70 1233
400 71 1139
600 68 0471
100 70 0025
200 69 0522
200 69 0523
200 69 0527
200 69 0932
200 69 0533
200 71 1099
600 72 1156
300 69 0004
300 71 1081
200 71 0851
200 69 0171
100 73 1086
100 68 0287
200 71 0603
200 71 0811
700 70 0231
500 70 0404
100 TO 0102
200 69 0534
20O 69 0535
200 71 0440
200 71 0605
300 72 1157
100 66 0473
300 71 1245
500 71 1254
100 63 1064
500 70 0397
100 63 1064
HATER-SHEC-PROTECT THE FARM ROLE
HATER-SOURCES ENFORCEMENT D
WATER-SPHAY ... _. ,
POLLUTION - HOhl MUC
REVIEW OF NATIONAL
HATER-SUPPLIES
HATER-SUPPLY
HATER-SUPPLY
WATER-SUPPLY
HATER-SUPPLY
WATER-SUPPLY
WATER-SUPPLY
HATER-SUPPLY
WATER-TABLE
WATER-TABLE
WATER-TABLE
WATER-TABLE
WATER-TABLE
WATER-TABLE
WATER-TRANSFER
WATER-TREATMENT
WATER-TREATMENT
WATER-TREATMENT
WATER-TREATMENT
WATER-TREATMENT
WATER-USERS
WATER-USERS
WATER-USES
MATER-UTILIZATION
HATER-UTILIZATION
HATER-WELLS
HATER-HELLS
HATER-HELLS
HATER-WELLS
WATER-WELLS
HATER-ZONING
HAVES
HEATHER
MEEDS
HEIGHT
HEIGHT-CAIN
HEIGHT-GAIN
HEIGHT-CAINS
WEIRS
HEIRS
HEIRS
WEIR-GAUGES
HELL
WELLS
WELLS
WELLS
HELLS
HELLS
HELL-REGULATIONS
HEST-OF-SCOTLAND
WHEAT
WHEAT
WHEY
IN WATER-bUAL ITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEDIMENT
L^r^4WS IN °KbAH°M* ™" °"™»* "TER-pLn0N- 0
EXHAUST ODORS KEYWORDS FILTERS DUST WATER-SPRAY CONTROL POUL
„ ""("HEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTROPH1CATI
nn-«?L'CV °N EUTROPH ICAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION
.
; :
? 2
RUNOFF KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R
CONTROL OF NITROGEN .„„.-, .„
ffis^rjs^i^gaj?~jng™.-.Bai=iss^sa
uu r ur A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THF RFIICF nc UATED K
I OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION
REPORT'orAcnS?TiFllnM<,i*?Sc!^OKUH0"4 KEYW°R°s OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC
THE"ECUNOM?CS OF CLEAN II?!. 5^?ur'lC*L YEAR lm KE™°RDS HATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER
THE ECUNOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO
OF HA?FO mi!f?JS ?. ? .POLLUII°N Of * STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D
•i.iii«T?n« ni II. ,.t!S °* THE FEEOI-DT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION-
....... v UN,TED sumNL?lBHm'oF J2?.l!iT!}JI!.S0?!!N.T..*?9..T?»?? «NE*T« «"« *ND AC
ATKINSON V HERINSTON CATTLE COMPANY
HHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES
NITRATES DANGER FDR HUMANS, TOO RCIWURDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS MIT
FoS'SXnoN »S£ "USE SF JROI"R [ITTER --•""°l----A-?--T----^ eNV1ROHENT DURINtt * FAL
HER KEYWORDS *. _„.,„ „„,„-,.„„.
RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS
WASTE MANAGEMENT SCME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS ~Mni$.Tli«F~rnMTtNT till
THiTSKRjTEFESIiARDTm C^fE2I?:DT1°N=DF f*ECAL "CTMU BACTMlS'lM ^O^M"^ Im"
NITMT MN«£™I?l™< fi'-rJJnES «YHORDS HELL DATA FEED-LOTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL
ril AILr?NCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDHATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS
M^^swsSis^a^S^SSwSSSaS'
" NmA?I H^AED1V,NG^f:'Tu?Ey!!OROS """OSYNTHESIS WATER-POUU?ION N?mTES^HOSwS ES
WHITE-PERCH
WILDLIFE
W1LDLIFE-CONSERVAT
WILD-LIFE
WILTINC-POINT
WIND
WINDBREAKS
WINDBREAKS
WINDROW-METHOD
WINDS
WIND-EROSION
WINTER
WINTER
WIRE-FLOOR
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN
WOOD
WOOD
WOOD-WASTES
YEAST-FERMENTATION
YOLK-PIGMENTATIONS
WINTER AND
*"ECTS FEEOLOT
- -
CRQMD'N6 »NO THERKAL EMVIROMENT DURING A FAL
u^l;sfc•;iiis^^^
KEYWORDS HUD RA?N El" "
CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET
177
-------
KEYWORD INDEX
100 63 1064 373*2 TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND MORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS
100 72 1097 3-OAY-PUMPING-STUD NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDHATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS
178
-------
SECTION G
Interest Area
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
CATEGORIES OF ANIMAL INFORMATION
A. Environmental Effects
Management of Animal Production
and Confinement Operations
Characteristics of Animal
Wastes
D. Treatment Processes
E. Utilization and Disposal
F. General
Topic Area
1. General
2. Surface Runoff from Animal
Production Unit Operation
3. Surface Runoff from
Agricultural Watersheds
4. Groundwater
5. Odor
6. Air
7. Biocides
8. Vectors
9. Health
10. Aesthetics
1. General
2. Liquid Systems
3. Solid Systems
1. General
2. Physical
3. Chemical
4, Biological
5. Management's Impact On
1. General
2. Physical
3. Chemical
4. Biological
1. General
2. Land
3. Reuse
4. By-Product Recovery
1. Economics
2. Legalities
3. Institutional and Policy Needs
4. Overviews, Trends and Projections
5. Related Atricultural Operations
179
-------
Al
0034
(jubj
0102
Oil*
0199
0230
0239
0259
0278
um
02(16
Q30U
0365
0384
U414
t,<>5»
0154
0465
o<.oe
0520
0523
OW7
JS32
05.14
0*48
0595
Oc06
O607
0611
0612
0613
0617
0677
0725
0744
U777
0787
1003
1008
into
lull
1U13
1019
1020
1032
Iu37
1043
IU50
1063
1095
1106
1117
1118
1133
' 1147
1166
, 1167
1169
lie:
1246
1247
A2
0010
0037
0036
0062
0071
0093
0104
0120
0144
0160
0174
0162
0183
0218
0224
0232
0233
0255
0298
0302
om
0343
0352
0372
0375
0367
0399
0417
0424
042S
0426
0428
0429
0430
0433
0434
0443
044!
0482
A2
U493
0498
0!>06
OS.38
0-J39
0586
u5)l
0610
0640
0666
U6f>9
01.84
0644
U696
0657
•jo>e
0700
0701
0709
0726
0727
0733
0741
0759
0773
1,774
0/75
0766
0795
u7)6
uf!07
OdlO
Oc20
1.JI/S
1.109
1014
1021
lo?2
1051
1054
1..55
Iu57
Iu5d
1059
1060
1077
IJH5
1105
1107
1108
1112
1124
1137
1149
115b
1168
1177
1179
iieo
1181
1192
1193
1144
1195
1196
11V7
U01
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1209
1210
1214
1217
1218
1219
U23
1225
1226
1233
1234
12*5
1237
1243
1248
1250
1251
1252
1255
A3
Ob42
OOil
0061
OJ63
0076
0079
A3
0090
0100
0193
0217
0225
0226
0240
0^75
0276
0279
0282
0292
014 1
0349
030
U453
Oi84
04t)7
U4VO
0411
0-.95
Olid
0521
0->35
0547
0571
O5')l
OJ92
Ot05
0610
0616
0641
0643
0644
U648
U649
Ob79
(J6t»9
U697
0701
0702
0721
U734
J,736
0754
07S9
0801
OL29
UD34
11/15
1016
1033
1U38
1J39
Iu42
1044
1045
1049
lubi
1059
1066
10PO
1103
HOT
HUB
1110
1111
1120
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184
-------
SECTION VII
ABSTRACTS OF BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES
185
-------
0001 - Cl, Dl, El, F2, F4
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGE-
MENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW,
National Pork Producers Council; Illinois Univ.,
Urbana. Coll. of Agriculture.
Arthur J. Muehling.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, College
of Agriculture, University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, August 1969. 91 p, 232 ref. A. Eng.-
873.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, *Hogs, 'Confinement
pens, "Aerobic treatment, "Anerobic digestion,
Odor, Economics.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, "Housing, Space
requirements, Slotted floors. Methods of disposal,
Legal implications.
Current and past research in swine housing and
waste management is reviewed and summarized.
The author utilized 77 references in Part I of the re-
port on swine housing studies. Research on produc-
tion units, space requirements, slotted floors, and
economics of swine housing systems is presented in
summary form. Recommendations for future swine
housing research are made. 155 references were
utilized in Part II of the report on waste manage-
ment studies. Properties of swine wastes, treatment
and return of swine wastes to the land, other
methods of disposal, gases and odors, and legal im-
plications of waste handling are summarized.
Recommendations for future research in waste
management are made. Six fact sheets available
from the National Pork Producers Council, DCS
Moines, supplement the research review. (White-
Iowa State)
0002 - D4
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC
LAGOONS,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Arthur J. Muehling.
Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il-
linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p.
A tlNCj-o/Y.
Descriptors: *Hogs, 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic
conditions, 'Lagoons, Size, Sites, Construction,
Shape, Depth, Odors, Sludge, Water pollution,
Temperature, Intakes, Outlets, Grading, Manage-
ment, Mixing, Organic matter. Stabilization.
Identifiers: 'Loading rates, 'Location, Solids,
Wind action. Gas bubbling, Volatile solids.
Anaerobic lagoons were First adapted for the
storage and treatment of hog wastes because of
their low initial cost, ease of operation, and lack of
serious alternatives. They have not always been
successful, for sometimes they release objectional
odors, they can pollute surface and underground
water, they sometimes do not decompose the
manure adequately, and in time they are apt to nil
up with sludge. This fact sheet gives advice as to
loading rates, size and location of anaerobic
lagoons. Attention is given to the construction
us loading rates, restriction of solids, and
iclequate mixing. (White-Iowa State)
3003 - Bl
:ONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE
REQUIREMENTS,
Ilinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
;ineering.
VrthurJ. Muehling.
:ooperative Extension Service, University of Il-
inois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p.
tEng-874.
)escriptors: 'Size, "Seasonal, 'Temperature,
'Ventilation, Farm wastes. Hogs, Confinement
pens, Management, Performance, economics.
Identifiers: 'Space requirements, Method of feed-
ing. Number of pigs per pen, Heat stress.
As confinement housing has changed to include
total enclosure of feeding and sleeping are* under
roof, the minimum space requirements recom-
mended for pigs in confinement have been
reduced. These recommendations indicate the
minimum amount of floor space per pig necessary
to prevent a significant reduction in pig per-
formance and to maintain a reasonable degree of
cleanliness in the pen. The fact sheet lists space
requirements for different weight ranges of hogs.
These recommendations are based on research that
has considered the more important factors affect-
ing space needs. The factors discussed in the fact
sheet include size of animal, season (as related to,
temperature), ventilation, method of feeding, level
of management, and number of pigs per pen.
(White-Iowa State)
0004 - Bl
CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED
FLOORS,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Arthur J. Muehling.
Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il-
linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p.
AEng-875.
Descriptors: 'Construction materials, 'Reinforced
concrete, 'Metals, Farm wastes, Dimensions, Cor-
rosion, Failure, Durability, Depth, Height, Length,
Reinforcement, Hog.
Identifiers: 'Slotted floors, 'Wood, 'Spacing, Ex-
panded metal, Farrowing, Feed wastage.
This fact sheet lists wood, concrete and metal as
being effective for slotted floors. Advantages and
disadvantages of each type are given, as well as
dimensions that should be used. Expanded metal
and steel straps are both discussed as to their effec-
tiveness for slotted floors. The amount and kind of
reinforcing to use in concrete slats is given. Recom-
mended spacing and advice for farrowing on
slotted floors is also given. Pens with totally slotted
floors remain consistently cleaner than those par-
tially slotted. In general, the larger the pig the wider
the slat that can be used without sacrificing clean-
ing efficiency. (White-Iowa State)
0005 - C2, C3, C4, C5
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT - PROPER-
TIES OF SWINE WASTES, '
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Arthur JT Muehling.
Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il-
linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p.
AEng-876.
Descriptors: 'Firm wastes, 'Physical properties.
'Chemical properties, 'Biological properties.
Hogs, Antibiotics, Nitrogen, Potash, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand.
Nutrients, Animal physiology, Biological treat-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Daily production, •Fertil&er value.
Phosphoric scid, Population equivalent, Feed ra-
tion'Solids.
An understanding of the properties of swine wastes
is necessary to develop an adequate system of
waste management. The properties of swine wastes
as classified by this fact sheet are physical, chemi-
cal, and biological. The physical and chemical pro-
perties may be affected by the physiology of the
animal, the feed ration, and the environment. The
quality of feed influences the amount the hogs will
est and the chemical composition of the wastes.
The physical properties of daily production and
amount of solids are listed by this fact sheet
fertilizer value of swine manure is shown and the
amounts required to obtain certain pounds per acre
of nitrogen, potash, and phosphoric acid are told.
Average values for BOD, COD and population
equivalent are listed as biological properties of
swine manure. (White-Iowa State)
0006 - D4
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT - OXIDATION
DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Arthur JTMuehling.
Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il-
linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p.
AEng-878.
Descriptors: 'Costs, 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs,
•Design, 'Rotors, Effluent, Volume, Storage, Ox-
ygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Aerobic bac-
teria. Organic matter, Calibrations, Foaming,
Microorganisms, Odors, Dissolved oxygen, Color,
Anaerobic bacteria. Sludge.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Rotor capacity, Rotor
immersion, Rate of flow. Configuration, Detention
time.
There has been considerable interest in aerobically
treating hog wastes in an oxidation ditch because of
the need for a low-odor method of manure storage
and treatment. This fact sheet gives guidelines as to
design shape, capacity and loading, rotor capacity
and immersion, liquid depth and rate of flow.
Operational procedures are given as well as a
discussion of problems that may arise. Solutions to
the problem of foaming include vegetable
-------
Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Aeration,
•Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand. Or-
ganic matter, Sludge disposal, Oxygenation, Hogs,
Cattle.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Aerobic lagoon.
Livestock waste properties, Biochemical proper-
ties, Aerobic treatment, Irrigation system.
This report emphasize! the aerobic method of
storage and treatment of livestock wastes primarily
becuase of the low level of odors associated with
aerobic treatment. An introduction to the theory of
aerobic treatment is presented along with several
laboratory experiments on swine, dairy cattle, and
poultry wastes. These laboratory experiments
verified the use of the aerobic method for livestock
wastes. Two methods of aerobic treatment were
studied and the results summarized. These were
(A) the in-the-building oxidation ditch and (B) the
aerobic lagoon (oxidation pond and aerated
lagoon). Recommendations are made as to opera-
tor convenience, capacity, and design of the dif-
ferent systems. (White-Iowa State)
0009 - A5, D4
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STU-
DIES-TERMINATION REPORT,
Illinois Univ., Urbana Agricultural Experiment
Station.
D L Day, D.D.Jones, and J.C. Converse.
HEW Project No EC-245. July 1970. 97 p, 75 fig,
1.4tab,7ref.
' Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Chemical oxygen demand, 'Odor, Hogs.
Identifiers: 'Livestock oxidation ditch. Loading
rates. Ditch mixed liquor, Optimum aerobic
degradation, Aeration rotors. Operating cost,
Feeding value of oxidation ditch solids.
This report deals mainly with results from laborato-
ry tests and field trials of oxidation diches. Dif-
ferent loading rates were studied, and solutions to
the problem of foaming were discussed. Most of the
work was done with swine although laboratory tests
were made with beef and dairy animals. Some
research was done to determine the feeding value
of oxidation ditch solids. The oxygenation capacity
of rotors was discussed. A laboratory study of the
minimum aeration for odor control was made using
set design criteria. (White-Iowa State)
0010 - A2, Bl. Cl
THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL DENSITY AND SUR-
FACE SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RU-
NOFF. SOLID WASTES AND NITRATE MOVE-
MENT ON UNPAVEP BEEF FEEDLOTS,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Agricultural Experiment
C B Gilbertson, T. M.McCalla, J.R.Ellis, O. E.
Cross, and W.R. Woods.
Publication SB508, June 1970. 23 p, 5 fig. 7 tab, 23
ref.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships,
•Chemical analysis, 'Farm wattes. Chemical ox-
ygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand, Cattle,
Laboratory tests, Detention reservoirs. Nitrates,
Phosphorus.
Identifiers: 'Dry matter removed (DMR), 'Dry
matter feces (DMF), Volatile solids. Feedlot slope,
Cattle densities. Soil core samples, Feedlots.
The objectives of this study were to determine the
effect of feedlot slope and cattle densities on: (I)
The quantity and quality of runoff resulting from
rainstorms and snowmelt, (2) Downward move-
ment of pollutants into the soil profile on unpaved
feedlots. and, (3) Amount of solids accumulation
on the feedlot surface. Pairs of feedlots with 3, 6,
and 9% slopes were installed. Ten and twenty cattle
were placed in each pair of feedlots, which allowed
200 and 100 sq. ft. of area per animal. Volumetric
measurement of runoff resulting from rainfall and
snowmelt were made and samples of each runoff
occurrence were taken to the laboratory for analy-
sis. Laboratory analyses included pH. electric con-
ductivity, total solids, non-volatile solids, total
nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus.
COD and BOD. Soil cores were taken to depths of
14 ft. below the feedlot surface and adjacent buffer
strips to determine downward movement of con-
taminants into the soil profile. Solids accumula-
tions on the lot surface were removed twice.
Weights of material removed were recorded and
composite samples were taken to the laboratory for
analyses. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0011 - B3. F5
THE SEARCH FOR NEW POULTRY LITTER
MATERIAL - AN EXAMPLE OF COOPERA-
TION BETWEEN EXTENSION, RESEARCH
AND INDUSTRY,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Poultry Science.
Milton Y. Dendy, M. J. Reed, and M. G.
McCartney.
Poultry Science, Vol 45, p 1666,1968.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Physical pro-
perties. Performance, Agricultural engineering.
Waste treatment, Pollutants.
Identifiers: 'Litter materials. Pine bark. Pine bark
and chips. Pine stump chips. Rice hulls, Poultry in-
dustry, Extension Poultrymen.
In the fall of 1966 a litter shortage was brought to
the attention of the Extension Poultrymen during
an industry meeting. The Extension Poultrymen
took the problem to the research people in the De-
partment of Poultry Science and the Department of
Agricultural Engineering at the University of Geor-
gia, and a project was started to test (I) the physi-
cal properties and performance characteristics of
materials usable as litter in poultry houses, and (2)
bird performance on several materials available in
Georgia were tested, including pine shavings and
pine sawdust, the two materials most commonly
used. Results obtained indicate that some of the
materials such as pine bark, pine bark and chips,
pine stump chips and rice hulls are about as suita-
ble for poultry litter as pine shavings or pine saw-
dust. (White-Iowa State)
0012 - A8
CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SWINE-
FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS
OF WASTE DISPOSAL,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Entomology.
R.C.Dobson.andF.W.Kutz.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 63, No 1,
February 1970.6 fig, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, Disposal,
Lagoons, 'Insect control. Vectors, Entomology.
Identifiers: 'Control of house flies, 'Waste disposal
systems. Collection pit. Slotted floor.
Four swine-finishing units were equipped with dif-
ferent waste disposal systems to determine their ef-
fectiveness in preventing development of the house
fly, Musca domestica L. Each unit was completely
screened to prevent contamination from outside
sources. No insecticides were used. One of the 4
was a standard shed-type house used as a control.
The other 3 units were equipped with new and im-
proved waste disposal systems. Results from 2 yean
of study indicate that house fly production in and
around swine-finishing units can be greatly reduced
by using 1 of the 3 improved methods of waste
disposafdescribed. (Miner-Iowa State)
0013 - A8, B3
INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE-
REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIP-
TERA LARVAE AND SELECTED ANTHROPOD
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Entomology
and Parasitology.
John H. Peck, and John R. Anderson.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 63, No 1,
February 1970, p 82-90.11 fig, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Larvae, 'In-
sect control, 'Entomology, Vectors.
Identifiers: 'Manure removal, 'Diptera larvae,
•Arthropod predators, Sampling, Control of flies.
The effects of weekly manure removal, monthly
removal, and no removal on populations of fly lar-
vae and sleeted predators (Acarina: Machrocheles
muscaedomesticae Scopoli, Fuscuropods sp. (un-
described), Parasitidae; Coleoptera: Staphylinidae,
Histeridaw, Hydrophilidae; Diptera: Ophyra leu-
costoma (Wiedemann) were studied for a full fly
season at each of 2 northern California ranches.
Third-instar larvae of the house fly, Musca
domestica L., the false stable fly, Muscina stabu-
lans (Fallen), and Calliphoridae were most abun-
dant in 1 -week-old manure; those of the little house
fly, Fannia canicularis (L.), the coastal fly, Fannia
femoralis Stein, and the black garbage fly. O. leu-
costoma, reached greatest numbers in 2- to 3-
week-old manure. Unremoved manure had the
least numbers of dipterous larvae, with the excep-
tion of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). All
predators studied were most abundant in un-
removed manure. Abstention from manure
removal favored the predators; monthly or bi-
weekly removal favored the dipterous larvae.
(Miner-Iowa State)
0014 - Bl
INFLUENCE OF SPACE ON PERFORMANCE
OF FEEDLOT CATTLE,
California Univ., Davis; and Agricultural Research
Service, Davis, Calif.
S. R. Morrison. V. E. Mendel, and T. E. Bond.
Transactions of the ASAE. Vol 13, No 1, January
I970,p 145-147. 2fig,2tab,9ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Performance,
•Confinement pens.
Identifiers: 'Space. 'Influence. 'Weight gain, Feed
efficiency.
Two tests in the Imperial Valley of California in-
volving 74 heifers indicate that space allotments
below 40 sq. ft. per head are likely to reduce the
body weight gains and feed efficiency of feedlot
cattle, and hot weather may accentuate the
decrease. There is evidence suggesting that animal
performance may be less even at 40 sq. ft. than at
60 sq. ft. per head. Tests with larger pens and more
animals are desirable to establish the relation
between gain and feed efficiency and pen space per
animal. The range of space tested should be great
enough to provide sufficient data to aid in desig-
ning feed lots for maximum profit. (White-Iowa
State)
0015 - Bl. E2
CATTLE FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY
USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION.
Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
Soil Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, November 1968,
p 84-86. 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Ponds, 'Fur-
row irrigation, Lagoon, Water pollution, Nebraska,
Water Quality Act. Costs. Loess.
Identifiers: 'Tractor driven pump, Soil Conserva-
tion Service, Feedlots.
Two brothers in Franklin county Nebraska have
implemented a system that avoids pollution while
fertilizing and irrigating their land. Solid wastes are
hauled to the field from their 5 feedlots covering
four acres. The rest washes down with every rain
and is caught in a farm pond in a natural draw. In
the bottom of the pond a lagoon-type pit was dug so
187
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there will always be some water available to keep
wastes in suspension. From here the suspension is
pumped to nearby fields by a tractor driven pump.
If it doesn't rain they pump water from their irriga-
tion wall into the pond and out again onto the land.
(White-Iowa State)
0016 - A4
FERTILIZERS AND FEEDLOTS — WHAT
ROLE IN GROUNDWATER POLLUTION.
Agricultural Research, Vol 18, No 6, December
1969,p 14-15.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soil contamination,
•Fertilizers, 'Nitrates, Water pollution, Nitrogen,
Nitrites, Aquifers, Colorado, Denitrification,
Water table. Percolation.
Identifiers: •Feedlots, South Plane River Valley.
No significant contamination of the water table
with nitrate from farm fertilizers or extensive cattle
feeding operations was found in preliminary ARS
studies in northeastern Colorado. But studies in-
dicated that substantial amounts of nitrate could
eventually reach the water table under heavily fer-
tilized irrigated fields and under feedlots. ARS soil
scientists measured nitrates in 129 soil cores drilled
to bedrock or the water table and in 75 samples of
groundwater taken with the cores in Colorado's
South Plane River Valley. The investigators found
that, on the average, the kind of land use did not ef-
fect the nitrate concentration of water entering the
bottom of the holes where the cores were taken.
The surface may contain more pollutants than
water deeper in the aquifer. (White-Iowa State)
0017 - C2
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION
OF FECES FOR BOMB CALORIMETRY,
School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Tex.
Hubert G. Lovelady, and Emmett J. Stork.
Clinical Chemistry, Vol 16, No 3,1970, p 253-254.
1 tab, 2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Laboratory tests, Energy, Odor,
•Farm wastes. Drying.
Identifiers: * Bomb calorimetry, Lyophilize.
As a preliminary to bomb calorimetry, weighed,
homogenized fecal slurries are prefrozen and lyo-
philized. Advantages of this method over the
method of drying in a vacuum oven include: more
moisture is removed from the sample initially, dry-
ing time is reduced from 48h to 16 h, grinding is
eliminated and objectionable odors are eliminated
during sample processing. (Christenbury-lowa
State)
plates for detection of Eseherichia coli (Migula)
Castelani and Chalmers and Salmonella spp.,
respectively. Five species of Salmonella found
within the lesser mealworms were identified as S.
Heidelberg Kauffman, S. worthington Edwards and
Bruner, S. saint paul Kauffman, S. typhimurium var
Copenhagen Kauffman, and S. Chester Kauffman
and Tesdal. Forty-eight serotypes of E. coli were
recovered from within 251 lesser mealworms.
Twenty-six of these serotypes are known pathogens
for man or animals. (Miner-Iowa State)
0018 - C4
SALMONELLA Spp. AND SEROTYPES OF
ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE
LESSER MEALWORM COLLECTED IN
POULTRY BROODER HOUSES,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Entomology,
Fisheries and Wildlife.
Philip K. Harein, Ernesto De LasCasa, B. S.
Pomeroy, and Mabel D. York.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 63, No 1,
February 1970, p 80-82. 3 tab, 20 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Salmonella,
•E. col i, Cultures.
Identifiers: 'Isolated, 'Brooder houses, Liner,
Mealworms. Pathogens.
Adult Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) were col-
lected from the litter of poultry brooder houses in
1967 and 1968. One thousand of the lesser meal-
worms were individually surface disinfected,
mascerated, and cultured in thioglycolate en-
richment broth at 37 degrees C and streaked on
cosin methylene blue agar or brilliant green agar
0019 - AS, Dl
CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL
WASTES,
W. E. Burnett, and N. C. Dondero.
Transaction of the ASAE, Vol 13, No 2, p 221 -224,
231, March 1970. 3 ng, 5 tab, 15 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor,
•Chemicals, Costs.
Identifiers: 'Odor panel, 'Masking agents, 'Coun-
teractants, Deodorants, Digestive deodorants, D-
indices.
A matching-standard method was successfully used
for the evaluation of the ability of commercial
odor-control chemicals to mask or eliminate the of-
fensive odor of poultry manure when added
directly to the waste in both loboratory and field
tests. The method enables one to find the most ef-
fective chemicals in a systematic and relatively
time-saving manner. The method provides informa-
tion on the lowest concentration of chemical neces-
sary to obtain a desired effect. Masking agents and
counteractants were found to be the most effective
odor-control products, deodorants were moderate-
ly effective, and digestive deodorants were least ef-
fective. The cost in some field trials was estimated
to be 63 cents per 450 gal. of liquid manure.
Further research is needed on the effect of re-
peated applications of odor-control products on
soil, so as not to harm the soil for other purposes.
(White-Iowa State)
0020 - C5, E3
EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING
DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON QUALI-
TY CHANCES IN SHELL EGGS DURING
STORAGE,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
L. R. York,C. J. Flegal. H. C. Zindel, and T. H.
Coleman.
Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 2, p 590-591, March
1970. I tab, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dehydra-
tion, 'Diets, Eggs.
Identifiers: 'Haugh unit, 'Qaulity changes. Color
and odor observations, Waste feeding, Manure
utilization. Dried poultry wastes.
Eggs from 32 Leghorn-type hens on each of four
diets were used. All the birds were 10 months of
age and had been on the experimental diet for three
months. The diets used were (I) control, (2) con-
trol with 10% DPW. (3) control with 20% DPW.
and (4) control with 30% DPW. One-day-old eggs
were stored at room environment to accelerate the
changes that occur during storage. Room tempera-
ture varied from 22 degrees C to 25 degrees C and
relative humidity varied from 50% to 68%. Eggs
were gathered on five consecutive days and held
for storage periods of 10. 20, 30, 40 or 50 days.
Physical and microbiological examinations were
made at the beginning of the trial and at the end of
the designated storage periods. The results of this
experiment indicate that including 10, 20, or 30%
dehydrated poultry waste in the diet of hens had no
significant deleterious effect on the quality of shell
eggs as measured by Haugh units, storage weight
loss, color, odor, and/or microbial content. (Miner-
Iowa State)
0021 - E2, E3
EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION. AERA-
TION, AND SOIL pH ON SOIL NITROGEN
TRANSFORMATIONS AND ON CERTAIN SOIL
TEST VALUES,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Soils.
R. J. Olsen, R. F. Hensler, and O. J. Altoe.
Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol
34, No 2, p 222-225, March-April 1970. 2 fig. 2
tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrification, 'Denitrification,
•Farm wastes, 'Aeration, Soil tests, Rates of appli-
cation.
Identifiers: N recovery, Field moisture capacity,
•Soil nitrogen transformations, Soil pH, Nitrate
production.
Nitrate production under aerobic conditions was
directly related to rate of manure application,
period of incubation and soil pH, but was stopped
under anaerobic conditions. Average recovery by
chemical analysis of N applied as manure to a
Plainficld sand at relatively high rates and incu-
bated for 37 weeks was 77% for aerobic conditions
and 24% for anaerobic conditions. The addition of
manure tended to increase soil pH and the contents
of organic N, available P and exchangeable K, Ca,
and Mg, particularly at the higher rates. They also
increased the field moisture capacity of a Plainfield
sand. However, on an acid Ella loamy sand the two
highest rates of manure caused a reduction of the
values for field moisture capacity, apparently the
result of formation of a waxy material that tended
to repel water absorption. (Miner-Iowa State)
0022 - A5, D4
SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE
LAGOONS,
DeKalb AgReaearch, Inc., III.
JayGilliland.
Poultry Digest, Vol 29, p 330-331, July 1970. I fig.
Descriptor*: 'Firm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Sedimen-
taitation, 'Aeration, Anaerobic conditions, Aero-
bic conditions, Odors, Sulfide», Methane, Con-
struction costs. Operation and maintenance. Cost
analysis, Erosion, Waste water treatment.
An aerated lagoon system was designed to treat the
1780 cu. yds of manure produced annually by two
30,000-hen automatic environmental controlled
laying houses, instead of relying on spreading the
manure on the land. A 100 ft by 200 ft lagoon with
a 12 ft. depth and a two-to-one side slope was con-
structed at a cost of $900, having an estimated 10
year life. A six nozzle irrigation sprinkler run by a
centrifugal irrigation pump with a 5 hp motor pro-
vides aeration at a cost of {2.20 per day. Water is
drawn from just below the surface and sprayed into
the air in order to reduce odors. The methane and
hydrogen sulfide gases generated by anaerobic ac-
tion on the lagoon bottom are dissipated by aerobic
bacteria near the top and their odor eliminated.
This method has been demonstrated to be a low
costs disposal, low cost upkeep system particularly
suited for this job. (Lowry-Texas)
0023 - Cl
ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES
TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS,
Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton.
G. Truman Fincher, T. Bonner Stewart, and Robert
Davis.
The Journal of Parasitology, Vol 56, No 2. April
1970, p 378-383. 2 tab, 20 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Insects, 'Habitats,
Animal, Intermediate hosts.
Identifiers: 'Beetle species. Pit traps, Feccs,
Woodland habitat. Swine pasture, Dairy pasture.
Beetles were attracted to pit traps baited with the
feces of one of 12 different animals in 3 habitats.
188
-------
Comparison of the 3 habitats showed marked dif-
ferences in beetle fauna. Most dung beetles were
captured in traps baited with swine feces. Swine
and opossum feces attracted 57.7% of all beetles
captured and 74.8% of the Phanaeus species which
are the major intermediate hosts of swine spirurids
in southern Georgia. Captured beetles comprised
12 genera with more than 18 species. (White-Iowa
State)
0024 - A9, C4
PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON
A POULTRY FARM,
Punjab Agricultural Univ., Hissar (India). Dept. of
Veterinary Bacteriology and Hygiene.
S.M.Ooyal, and I. P.Singh.
British Veterinary Journal, Vol 126, No 4. p 180-
, 184,1970,2 tab, 17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Salmonella, 'Poultry,
*Farm, Domestic animals, Rodents, Reptiles.
Identifiers: Salmonellosis, Transmission, Cross-in-
fection.
This study was undertaken to determine various
sources of Salmonellae on a poultry farm. Pigs,
sheep, and cither domestic animals were checked,
as well as rats, sparrows, birds, and wall lizards.
Eight Salmonellae types were isolated from
poultry, pigs, rats, wall lizards, and house sparrows.
S. anatum was isolated from all these sources and S.
Stanley from rats and poultry, indicating the possi-
bility of cross-infection due to multiple foci of Sal-
monella infections. Rodents, free-flying birds and
lizards were considered as. important sources of
Salmonellae. (White-Iowa State)
0025 - A9. BJ. ^_
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY
HOUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG
HATCHABILITY,
Pennsylvania Univ., University Park. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
C. L- Quarles, R. F. Gentry, and 0.0. Bressler.
Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 1, p 60-66, 1970. 8
tab, ISref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Bacteria. •Poultry.
•Fertility, Eggs. .
Identifiers: *Egg contamination, Egg hatchabflity,
Air sampler, T-itter houses, Litter nests, Wire
floors, Roll-away neit. -
This study was designed to determine if there was
any relationship among poultry house contamina-
tion, egg contamination and hatch ability. A high
density sloping wire floor system, was compared
with the conventional litter floor system. Rates of
egg production and fertility were similar in both
systems. Litter houses averaged 9 times as many
bacteria per cubic foot of air as wire floor houses.
An attempt was made to study the level and trans-
mission of coliform type bacteria as related to type
of house and nest used. Hatchability of eggs in wire
flood pens was superior to eggs from litter floor
pens. Fungal contamination of air was approxi-
mately the same for both systems. (White-Iowa
State)
- C4
JtAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE
DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SAL-
MONELLA FROM MIXED CULTURES AND
POULTRY PRODUCTS,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Food Tcchnolc-
Sanitl Y. C. Fung, and Allen A. Kraft.
poultry Science, Vol 49, No 1, p 46-54,1970.1 fig.
7t»b,7ref.
Descriptors: 'Isolation, 'Salmonella, 'Poultry,
•Cultures, Farm wastes.
Identifiers: Poultry products, Motility flask, Con-
centrations, Strains.
This report deals with results obtained using a new
rapid method of Salmonellae detection and isola-
tion in mixed cultures, turkey and chicken
products, and whole eggs. The paper describes a
simple system,combining biochemical and physical
properties of Salmonella, which can detect small
numbers of Salmonella in the presence of large
numbers of competitive organisms. Motility multi-
layered agai flasks were used in the test. Typical
complete Salmonella reactions were obtained in
the control flask as early as 17-36 hours of incuba-
tion, as compared with 48-96 hours by conven-
tional methods. This system has the potential as a
simple and rapid method for large scale screening
test for Salmonellae in a variety of commercial
food products. < White-Iowa State Univ)
0027 - C5
EFFECT OF STRESS ON SWING: HEAT AND
COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON .
VANILMANDELIC ACID OUTPUT IN THE
URINE,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Nutrition.
M. P. Stefanovic, H. S. Bayley, and S. J. Stinger.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 30. No 3, p 378-
381,1970.1 fig, J tab, Uref.
Descriptors: 'Hogs, Air temperature, 'Urine,
Amino acids,'Farm wastes.
Identifiers: Vanilmandelic acid output, Starvation,
Metabolic response.
Tests were performed on 3 Yorkshire pigs in which
they were subjected to normal conditions, extreme
temperatures of 5 and 33C, and finally starved for
10 days at 20C. The urinary excretion of 3-methox-
y - 4-hydraxymandelic acid (VMA) was measured •
when the pigs were housed in cages maintained at a
room temperature of 20C. Observations of the
VMA content Was also ntade at times the pigs were
under the stress conditions. The pigs increased in
weight from S to 30 kg. during the 70 day experi-
ment Under normal temperature they excreted 10
mg of VMA per 24 hours. This increased to
between 20 and 30 mg when the pigs were exposed
to the low temperature. Exposure to the high tem-
perature resulted in an excretion of 20 mg pef day,
but- starvation caused a rapid decline to 3 mg per
day. The excretion returned to normal values very
rapidly when the animals were refed. These obser-
vations are discussed in relation to those made by
other authors with other species on the effects of
stress oh the release and metabolism of
catechotaraines and their excretion in the, urine,
and it is suggested that the urinary output of VMA
offers a convenient method of measuring
physiological response to stress in the pigs. (White-
0028 - A8, B3, E4
HOUSEFLY LARVAE: BIODEGRADATION OF
HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS,
Agricultural Research Service,Beltsville, Md.
C. C. Calvert, N. O. Morgan, and R. D. Martin.
Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 2, p 588-590, March
1970.2 tab,} ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Manure,
'Poultry, Insects, Waste treatment. Ultimate
disposal. Waste disposal, Odor.
Identifiers: House fly, Hen, Fly eggs, Manure treat-
ment, Waste utilization.
This report presents the results of experiments to
establish the concentration of fly eggs that can be
used to process hen excreta mow efficiently, and a
means of separating th« house fly pupae from the
processed hen excreta and to simplify their collec-
tion. Within four days after seeding with house fly
pupae the odor of the manure became unobjec-
tionable. After eight days the excreta was reduced
to an essentially odorless and friable material. The
separated pupae were utilized as a protein source in
the diet of growing chicks. (Miner-Iowa State)
0029 - E3
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED,
NAAS, Cambridge.
C. B. Falrbairn.
Poultry Digast, July 1970. p 331, Vol. 29, No.
341.
Descriptors: •F*rm waste, *rsanure, *poultry,
drying.
Identifiers: Manure feeding, poultry manure,
nutritional value.
fresenta data on th« nutritional value of dried
poultry manure with and without litter. The
energy value for dried litter i« 500 calories
par pound which is ifcout on« third that for
grain. Protein value was .inilar to cereal. It
vat ahown to b« luitabie for Inclusion In inten-
»iv» beef rations. (Miner-Iowa state)
0030 - D4, E2
TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY
LACOON1NG,
Washington State Univ.,Pullman.
Surinder K. Bhagat, and Donald E. Proctor.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
41,NoS,!969,p7o5.795.9fig,7tab,6ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Farm lagoons,
•Btodegradation, Algae, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Anaerobic digestion, Aerobic treatment.
Chemical oxygen demand. Storage capacity, Ef-
fluents; Construction. •
Identifiers: 'Dairy manure. Total solids, Volitile
solids, Non-degradable solid.
Because of high solids content of dairy manure
waste, anaerobic lagoons can be used satisfactcr iy
as a primary waste treatment. Average removals of
BOD, COD, TS, and VS above 86 percent can be
accomplished with an applied loading of 70 Ib
VS/day/IOOO Cu. Ft. (1120 g/day/cu. m.). An
anaerobic lagoon can act as a sedimentation, flota-
tion, and anaerobic digestion process unit while
simultaneously providing long-term storage for
non-degradable solid residue. The effluent from the
anaerobic lagoon retains most of the nutrients
present in the raw manure waste and thus has fertil-
izer value. The effluent has organic matter which
can be oxidized. The effluent can be applied to a
field or subjected to further treatment. The secon-
dary treatment can be an aerated lagoon, oxidation
ditch, or an oxidation pond. The results of the
batch type aerobic treatment indicated that an ef-
fluent BOD at 20 mg/l can be achieved by a 24-hr.
aeration period. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0031 - C2, C3
VOLATILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF
NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMU-
LATED CATTLE FEED LOT CONDITIONS,
Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo.
Soil and Water Conservation Research Div.
B. A. Stewart.
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 5, No
7, p 579-582. July 1970.1 fig, 7 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrification, 'Cattle, 'Soils, Ara-
monia. Nitrogen Moisture content. Depth. Chemi-
cal oxygen demand. Farm wastes. Urine.
Identifiers: 'Feed lots.
Virtually all the recent growth in cattle feeding has
been in feeding units of 10,000 head or more in
which cattle are confined in pens allowing 6 to 20
sq meters per animal. Animal wastes resulting from
these large feeding operations cause concern in
many areas. Disposal of the accumulation of solids
wastes i$ difficult and in some cases run-off from
these lots has caused pollution of streams and
lakes. Feeding operations can cause high nitrogen
concentrations in the underground water supply.
There are large differences in the amount of nitrate
found under feed lots! sortie contain large amounts,
other nearly nitrate free.'both at shallow and deep
depth. The objectives were to simulate some feed
lot conditions and study the nitrification and
189
-------
volatilization weights of nitrogen added as cattle
urine to soil in an attempt to determine some of the
factors governing nitrate accumulation under feed
lots. Urine accounts for about half of the nitrogen
excreted by cattle. When urine was added every
two days to an initial wet soil at a rate of 5 ml per
21 cm sq, less than 25% of the nitrogen was lost as
ammonia and about 65% converted to nitrate.
When urine was added every 4 days to initially dry
soil, essentially all the water evaporated between
the urine additions, and 90% of the nitrogen was
lost as ammonia. These findings suggest that the
stocking rate and other management factors should
be considered in pollution of the unit. (Hancuff-
Texas)
0034 - C3
A RAPID EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICA-
TION OF TOTAL LIPIDS AND LIPID FRAC-
TIONS IN BLOOD AND FECES,
Pittsburgh Univ., Pa. Dept. of Pathology.
J. S. Amenta.
Clinical Chemistry, Vol 16, No 4,1970, p 339-346.
8 fig, 19ref, 1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Lipids, 'Laboratory tests, Chemical
analysis, Farm wastes.
Identifiers: 'Feces, Plasma, Lipid fractions, Clini-
cal laboratory. Cholesterol.
E2
FILTERS
FOR AGRICULTURAL
An analytical system for plasma lipids suitable for
use in the large and small clinical laboratory is
presented. Lipids are extracted into a chloroform-
methanol solvent and concentrated into a
chloroform phase by a wash with an aqueous CaCI2
solution. This extract is used to estimate total lipids
and (after separation by thin-layer chromatog-
raphy) the major lipid factions. A single acid
dichromate reagent is used for all quantification of
fecal lipids. Lipids in other body fluids can be con-
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sprinkler irrieation "eniently analyzed with this flexible method.
•Organic wastes, 'Waste water disposal, Air pollu- (Christenbury-fowa State)
tmn U/a*** *u*lt..*: **j_ **« ' r"
0032 -
NATURAL
WASTES,
Soil Conservation Service. Washington D C
W.E. Bullard, Jr.
^Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, November 1968,
tion. Water pollution. Odor. Effluents. Sewage ef-
fluents, Dilution Decomposing organic matte. In-
sects, Mites, Bacteris, Fungi. Algae, Nitrites
Nitrates,J)etergents, Phosphates. "«™».
Microscopic or-
, Cheese factory
, . ceMO™ of f"" products are find-
«n *£?! "If"" producte of *** operations
generally can be returned to the land with less
hazard to the environment than when discharged
into streams. By completing the natural cycle of
growth, death, and decay on the land where crops
are produced they make use of a legion of
disposer organisms in the soil capable of decom-
posing organic wastes on site. When sprayed on
grass or crops, the effluent serves the dual purpose
of imgating and fertilizing the field, thus, agricul-
ture has the potential means of disposing of its own
wastes and preventing or reducing environmental
pollution. Numerous examples are given of return-
ing sewage treatment effluents, pulp and papermill
effluents, and cheese factory waste waters, among
others, to the land by sprinkler irrigation. The prin-
ciple behind these successful operations is'that of
getting material produced from the land back onto
*" 1^L*hls,re ""y can •* U8ed a**"11 in produc-
tion. (White-Iowa State)
0033 - E2
IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL WASTE,
Soil Conservation Service, Hermiston, Oreg.
Clarence Underwood.
Soil Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, November 1968,
p 81-82. 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Irrigation,
•Sewage disposal, Effluent, Soil conservation.
Odor, Fertilization, Lagoons, Sprinkler irrigation,
Nitrogen, Waste dilution, Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Soil Conservation Service, Velocity-
controlled water outlets. Holding basin.
Two brothers purchased a civilian housing facility
from the Umatilla Army Depot and converted the
57 units to hog production. Wastes from the 22,000
hog per year facility are flushed into a gutter,
through a sewer system and into the first of two
lagoons. A second holding basin allows additional
settlement and dilution of solids. From here it is
pumped to irrigate about 500 acres of land. The
brothers estimate that their system puts about 5
pounds of nitrogen per acre on a field each time it
is irrigated. The crops are fertilized, little odor is
noticeable, and no water pollution has been de-
tected. (White-Iowa State)
0035 - AS, Bl, Dl. E3
TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE
WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE,
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo.
G. L. Pratt, R. E. Harkness, R. G. Butler,}. L.
Parsons, and M. L. Buchanan.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 4, 1969, p
471-473.2 fig, 3 tab, 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Septic tank,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de-
mand. Hydrogen ion concentration. Effluents,
Aeration, Dissolved oxygen. Turbidity, Aluminum.
Identifiers: 'Settling tank, 'Slatted floor. 'Reuse,
Total solids. Volatile solids. Aluminum sulfate.
Removing solid materials from wastes that have
been washed from a livestock barn with water can
be accomplished in several ways. In trials at the
North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station set-
tling tanks were evaluated. Treatments of overflow
from the settling tank by aeration and chemical
coagulation were compared with settling only. The
equipment consisted of an 8x8 foot animal shelter
with a steel-slatted floor. Manure was washed from
under the floor to a settling tank. A secondary
treatment tank was installed to receive overflow
from the settling tank, A pump end holding tank
was used so that the effluent from the secondary
treatment tank could be used in washing the floor
under the steel slats. Aeration and treatment with
alum did not upgrade the waste water sufficiently
to make the water odorfree. It was also colored.
Other treatment will be needed to remove the odor
before the water can be suitable for reuse in wash-
ing the building. (White-Iowa State)
0036 - A9, E3
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE
RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE IN-
CIDENCE OF MAREK'S DISEASE,
Delaware Univ., Newark.
G. W. Chaloupka, R. W. Lloyd, J. F. Gordy, and L.
M. Greene.
Poultry Science, Vol 47, p 1660,1968.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Condemnation,
'Poultry, 'Disinfection, Public health. Pollution
abatement, 'Diseases.
Identifiers: 'Marek's disease, Broiler house. Litter
re-use. Leucosis, Immunity, Causative agent.
Four different studies involving several trials have
been conducted at the University of Delaware Sub-
station in which the performance of broilers grown
on re-used litter, was compared to those grown on
new litter. These studies over a period of several
years have shown that broiler condemnations due
to leucosis have in most instances been lower for
the broilers grown on re-used litter. This substan-
tiates the findings of many field studies and by at
least one private research farm. These results
would indicate that a failure to clean out and disin-
fect the broiler house before placing each new lot
of chicks is not a primary factor in increasing the
incidence of Marek's disease. It is not known
whether these results are due to developing a par-
tial immunity due to contact with the causative
agent in the litter at an early age, or whether the
causative agent is destroyed in some way in the
reused litter. (White-Iowa State)
0037 - A2, F2
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLA-
TION,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Condensation of report NA68-304 available from
ASRE, St. Joseph, Mich. 49085, $0.50. Agricul-
tural Engineering, Vol 50, August 1969, p 468-470.
8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution,
'Legislation, Water pollution control. Water
Quality Act, Biochemical oxygen demand
Phosphates, Effluents.
Identifiers: 'Treatment processes. Aerobic oxida-
tion pond, Aerated lagoon. Oxidation ditch,
Minimum removal efficiencies, Water quality
criteria.
Agricultural production facilities must consider
waste disposal as an important aspect of their
operations. Waste treatment and disposal facilities
are becoming important parts of agricultural
production facilities. They must be evaluated
whenever expansion or establishment of new facili-
ties U underway. Highly efficient secondary treat-
ment processes perhaps including nutrient removal
and disinfection may be necessary for discharging
waste waters to surface water*. The need for and
cost of these processes should cause a re-evaluation
of the comparative costs of handling, treatment,
and disposal of agricultural wastes as a solid. Land
disposal is another alternative. When agricultural
wastes are handled to avoid polluting surface
waters, other types of pollution must be avoided.
Mere transferral of pollution from one sphere to
another will no longer be tolerated. These are
among the aspects which this paper deals with
(White-Iowa State)
0038 - A2, Bl, E2
PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS.
Soil Conservation Service, Salina, Kans.
George R. Smith, and F. DeWitt Abbott
Soil Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, Nov 1968 n 78-
79.2 fig. *
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water Quality Act,
Ponds, Kansas. Water pollution, Dams, Runoff,
Soil, Sprinkler irrigation.
Identifiers: 'Feedlou, Soil Conservation Service
Detention ponds, Kansas State Department of
Health, Solid waste, Liquid waste.
In compliance with the Federal Water Quality Act
of 1965 and a 1967 Kansas State law a northwest
Kansas feedlot is retaining and disposing of animal
wastes in a non-pollutional manner. The 14,000
head beef feedlots U located at the headwaters of a
subdrainage area of Hackberry Creek. The feedlot,
covering 100 acres, drains into two intermittent
natural draws. Each draw hast a pair of detention
ponds. One collects solid wastes, and below this *
second pond holds drainage from the first pond.
Pipes with slide gates provide controlled drainage
of liquids from the solid-waste ponds into the liquid
waste ponds. The dami were built to state health
department standards to contain 3 inches of runoff
190
-------
from the feedlot. The excess water from the lower
ponds will be used for irrigation. The ponds are flat
bottomed to facilitate removal of solid wastes.
(White-Iowa State)
0039 - D4
LABOR-FREE MANURE DISPOSAL,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
Rex Wilmore.
Farm Journal, Vol 93, No 8, August 1969, p 26C-
26D. 1 Hg.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Lagoons,
Aerobic bacteria, Effluent, Sprinkler irrigation,
Storage capacity, Water pollution, Odors, Efficien-
cies, Slurries, Oxygen, Organic matter, Pumps,
Labor, Costs, Management.
Identifiers: 'Floating aerator, Suspended solids,
Volatile solids.
Research at Purdue University indicates that a
floating aerator in a lagoon can provide a low cost
system that promises to avoid pollution dangers
and saves labor. Manure is dumped into the lagoon
once each day although it is better to have it con-
tinuously trickle in. Extra water is added to bring
the solids content down to 2% or 3% for top effi-
ciency. The aerator, a big doughnut-like float with
an electric motor on top driving an impeller, runs
continuously The impeller forces a spray of slurry
up over the float, mixing air into the lagoon, so
aerobic bacteria can break down manure without
odors. Periodically a small pump pulls out some of
the mixed slurry and sprinkles it through a 'big gun'
type nozzle onto grassland. The irrigation lowers
the lagoon, which allows more water dilution and
removes the suspended solids that won't decom-
pose. Other advantages include low labor cost as
compared to pits and spreaders, and minimal
management. Its biggest disadvantage might be
getting the manure into the lagoon each day.
(White-Iowa State)
0040 - B3
PHYSICAL AM) BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS,
Purdue Univ.. Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Animal
Sciences.
Paul L. Ruszler, and James R. Carson.
Poultry Science, Vol 47,p 1712,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, 'Absorption,
Moisture, Particle size, Laboratory tests. Waste
water treatment. Waste treatment, Water pollution
effects.
Identifiers: 'Litter materials. Field conditions, Pe-
anut shells. Pine bark, Ground cobs, Wood
shavings, Cane pomace.
The usefulness of peanut shells, pine bark, ground
cobs, wood shavings and cane pomace as litter
materials in rooster production was evaluated
under laboratory and field conditions on the basis
of their physical properties and effects on the birds
during a 14-week growing period. When the
amount and rate of moisture exchange was com-
pared, it was found that all five materials differed
significantly. When ranked by grams of moisture
absorbed per gram of dry weight, cane was highest,
followed fay shavings, cobs, shell, and bark. The
materials with the smaller particle sizes absorbed
less total moisture in both growing house and
laboratory tests. The same materials rated low in
breast blister incidence, but without statistical sig-
nificance. (White-Iowa State)
0041 - Cl. E2
THE EFFECTS 6f FARMYARD MANURE ON
MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A
SANDY LOAM SOIL,
National Vegetable Research Station, Wel-
lesbourncf England).
P. J, Sailer,G. Berry, and J. B. Williams.
Journal of Soil Science, Vol 18, No 2, 1967, p 318-
328. 3 fig, 2 tab, 25 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soils, 'Soil moisture,
Field capacity. Wilting point. Equations.
Identifiers: 'Soil matric suctions, Ryegrass, Availa-
ble-water capacity, Moisture characteristic.
Soil matric suctions under a crop of ryegrass on far-
myard manure-treated and untreated plots were
determined over a total period of 24 weeks from
March to November. The soil moisture charac-
teristic of each plot was determined five times
throughout this period, and for each plot and on
every occasion a linear relationship was found
between moisture content and log matric suction.
A formula was derived to account for the seasonal
changes in moisture characteristic • and it was then
possible to obtain matric suction values from the
soil moisture contents obtained from twice-weekly
sampling of each plot. Although differences
between available-water capacity of the manured
and unmanured plots were small throughout the 6-
month period of sampling, the soil matric suctions
of the manured plots were almost always lower
than those of the unmanured plots. The lower suc-
tions prevailing in the manured soil could be a fac-
tor contributing to the higher yields of ryegrass ob-
tained from the manured plots as compared with
those obtained from the unmanured plots. (White-
Iowa State)
0042 - A3, E2 .
STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERA-
TIONS,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison.
Neal E. Minshall, Stanley A. Witzel, and Merle S.
Nichols.
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division,
Proceedings of ASCE, Vol 96, No SA2, April 1970,
p 513-524. 2 fig. 5 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, 'Runoff,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash, Wisconsin, Water
pollution. Nutrients, Precipitation, Rates of appli-
cation. Corn, Frozen ground.
Identifiers: 'Nutrientlosses, Collection tanks.
In order to obtain information on the amount of
fertilizer materials lost in runoff water from farm
lands under cultivation, eight plots, 10x40 ft. in
size, were established on the University of Wiscon-
sin Agricultural Experiment Station Farm near
Lancaster, Wisconsin. Investigations involving fer-
tilizer and manure applications and tosses in sur-
face runoff were begun in 1966 and were continued
through 1969. Each plot was completely sur-
rounded by a galvanized metal border which
prevented surface runoff from entering or leaving
the plots, located on a 10% to 12% slope. Runoff
was collected in a trough at the lower end and tun-
neled to a measuring tank. Manure was applied at
the rate of 15 tons per acre in the winter and spring.
Later corn was planted in 30 inch rows pn the con-
tour. Up to 20% of N, 13% of P, and 33% of K
nutrients in winter applied manure, on frozen
ground, may be lost under conditions favoring max-
imum early spring runoff. Nutrient losses in surface
runoff from plots having manure applied in the
summer and incorporated into the soil were less
than from check plots, which received no manure.
(White-Iowa State)
0043 - E3
FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BROILER
LITTER,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Dept. of Animal Sciences.
Ernest Ross.
Poultry Science, Vol 47, I9«8, p 1711-1712.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Fumigants,
Broods, Performance, Mortality, 'Waste treat-
ment.
Identifiers: Weight gains. Feed conversion, Reused
litter. Litter, Methyl bromide.
A series of experiments was conducted to compare
the performance of broiler chicks reared on fresh
and reused wood shavings litter. In addition, the ef-
fect of methyl bromide fumigation of reused litter
on subsequent chick growth, feed conversion and
mortality was studied. Non-fumigated fresh and
reused litters served as controls. Methyl bromide
fumigation reduced the total bacterial population
of reused litter. This reduction, however, did not
result in any significant improvement in body
weight gains, feed conversion or mortality. The
performance of the chicks reared on the fumigated
litter was similar to that of chicks reared on reused
litter and slightly superior to that of chicks reared
on fresh wood shavings litter. The mortality o f
chicks reared on fresh litter was slightly lower than
in the groups on the reused litters. (White-Iowa
State)
0044 - B3. D4, E3
THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER
CAGES,
Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Poultry Science.
J.R. Howes.
Poultry Science. Vol 47, p 1682,1968.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic
conditions, Odor, Aerobic bacteria. Fertilizer,
Nitrogen, Stabilization, 'Waste treatment
Identifiers: 'Absorbent substrate, 'Cage operation,
* Inoculation, Control plots.
A series of small experiments were carried out
under cages with and without concrete floors, using
various absorbent substrates for poultry feces.
After an initial buildup period, the feces and sub-
strate was inoculated with aerobic bacteria and
aerobic conditions maintained by disturbing the
surface cake at intervals. These experiments led to
a field trial without any absorbent substrate at a
large cage operation in south Florida, which has
now been in operation for 18 months. Odors and
flies have been largely eliminated except in control
plots and spraying for fly control greatly reduced.
The bulk of the fecal pile was less than half the
volume of the control plots due to stabilization of
nitrogen and water losses. Feathers were digested if
they were incorporated into the fecal pile and the
resulting material was a homogenous, odorless fer-
tilizer which has been used in urban gardens and on
golf greens. (White-Iowa State)
0045 - C5
THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLU-
LOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES,
University of New England, Armidale (Australia).
Dept. of Agronomy.
R.J.Wilkins.
Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol 73, No 1,
1969, p 57-64. 1 fig, 6 tab, 35 ref.
Deicriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cellulose, 'Digestion,
•Incubation, Grasses, Forages, Sheep. Nitrogen.
Carbohydrates, Organic matter. Analytical
techniques.
Identifiers: 'Potential digestibility, 'Digestibility
coefficients, 'Cellulose digestibility, Duration of
digestion. Rumen, Ryegrass, Cocksfoot, Cailide
Rhodes grass, Samford Rhodes grass, Lignified and
cutinized tissue.
The potential digestibility of cellulose is defined as
the maximum digestibility obtainable when the
conditions and duration of digestion are not limit-
ing factors. Techniques for measuring potential cel-
lulose digestibility were examined and the relation-
ship between potential digestibility and in vivo cel-
lulose digestibility was explored for a range of
grasses. Cellulose digestibility was found to reach a
maximum value after 5 days incubation in vitro. No
further cellulose was digested when the residues
191
-------
from an initial incubation for 6 days were incu-
bated with a lecond rumen liquor inoculum. The
.values measured after a tingle incubation of 6 days
'duration were similar to cellulose digestibility coef-
ficients measured by the suspension of ground
forage samples in nylon bags in the rumen for 6
days. Plant factors appear to limit further digestion
and the residue from prolonged digestion in vitro
consisted only of lignified and cutinized tissue.
Potential cellulose digestibility measured by either
of the above techniques was higher than cellulose
digestibility in vivo. The difference varied between
forages and when the difference was large, the
digestibility of cellulose in faeces was high. It is sug-
gested that measurements of the potential digesti-
bility of cellulose in feed and faeces may be of use
in estimating the digestibility of grazed herbage.
(White-Iowa State)
Farm wastes, Fertilizers, Crop response, Deficient
elements.
Identifiers: Organic fertilizers, Nigeria, Organic
manures.
Soil acidity, incipient potassium deficiency, and a
deficiency of one or more trace elements were
limiting factors in three trials of long-term soil fer-
tility changes under continuous cultivation in the
Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria. The effectiveness
of organic manures is explained largely or wholly in
terms of these factors, since no evidence has yet
been found to suggest that the addition of organic
matter as such is of value. (Christenbury-lowa
State)
0046 - AS. A10. F3
r'AItM WASTE DISPOSAL-AMENITY AND
GOOD NF.IGHBOURLINESS,
K. B.C.Jones.
Great Britain Ministry of Agriculture, Vol 77, No
4,p 165-167, April 1970.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Building codes.
Identifiers: 'Noise, 'Nuisances, 'Legal action.
Solid refuse.
A general picture of waste pollution in England's
country-side is shown by comparing today's
production and disposal with that of yester-year's.
Nuisances that are annoying to both farmers and
city-dwellers are described. The rights and liabili-
ties of both farmer and city-dwellers are outlined.
(Miner-Iowa State)
0047 - F4
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CAT-
TLE FEEDLOTS,
Queensland Univ., Brisbane (Australia). Dept. of
Animal Husbandry.
W.J.Pryor.
Australian Veterinary Journal, Vol 46, No 4, April
1970, p 173-177. 2 tab, I fig, 17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Animal diseases, 'Costs,
Profit, Nutrient requirements. Silage, Sorghum,
Wheat, Performance, Water pollution control
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Feelot management, Feed-
ing systems, Green chop.
It is believed the emergence of a large feedlot in-
dustry will be dependent primarily on two factors,
the first being the availability of cheap feed and the
availability of store cattle at a price which will per-
mit a margin after they have been lot fattened, and
the other, the introduction of a satisfactory na-
tional system of carcass grading and identification.
A description is given of the principles involved in
the management of feedlots with special reference
to conditions operating in northern Australia. The
importance of concentrate to roughage ratios and
protein and mineral requirements are stressed. Dis-
eases have played only a minor part in feedlot
management in Australia thus far, and it is sug-
gested that the veterinarian can play a more useful
role in supplying sound advice on economic feed-
ing and management. (White-Iowa State)
0049 - D4, E2
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC
LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A
FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND APPLICATION
RATE,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
I K. Koelliker, and J. R. Miner.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 13, No 4, p 496-499, July-Au-
gust 1970.3 fig, 4 tab, 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Denitrification, 'Nitrogen, 'Irriga-
tion, Farm wastes, Chemical oxygen demand,
Lagoons, Nitrates, Nitrites, Ammonia, Bacteria,
Treatment, Disposal, Anaerobic conditions, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Nitrogen balance, Nitrobacter,
Nitrosomonaa, Lagoon effluent. Application rates.
This paper reports the findings from a study where
lagoon effluent was applied to soil for final treat-
ment. The active soil profile appears to offer great
potential as a final treatment media for partly
treated animal wastes. Anaerobic livestock-lagoon
effluent sprinkled on grass-covered soil profile
reduced the COD, phosphorous, and nitrogen con-
centrations 95, 99, and 80 percent, respectively in
3 months. Loading range was 13.9 to 30.5 hi. of
lagoon effluent. Removal of COD was attributed to
biological activity and physical filtration in the
upper inches of soil. Phosphorus reduction resulted
from chemical activity of the clay fraction near the
soil surface. Nitrogen reduction was attributed
primarily to dentrification in the soil profile. It was
recommended that if nitrogen reduction is a goal in
waste water disposal, a rather wet schedule should
be followed. The applied waste water should con-
tain some organic load so that a substrate will be
provided for the denitrifying bacteria. (Christenbu-
ry-lowa State)
0048 - E2
SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CUL-
TIVATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA. I. THE
ROLE OF ORGANIC MANURES,
R. G. Heathcote.
Experimental Agriculture. Vol 6, No 3, p 229-237,
1970. 13 tab. Href.
Descriptors: 'Trace elements, 'Limiting factors,
0050 - Bl, F4
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL
WASTES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Industrial Water Engineering. Vol 7, No J1, p 14-
18, November 1970. 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Lagoons, Drying,
Nutrients, Disposal, Inorganic compounds,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Nitrification, Denitrifica-
tion, Confinement pens, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Holding tanks, In-house ditches, Oxida-
tion ditches, Separation of wastes, Composting,
System.
Due to confinement feeding of livestock it has
become doubtful from the profit standpoint to
recycle manure by applying it to land. There has
been an increase of 120% in the number of cattle of
feed in the last IS years. Laws are being considered
which make it mandatory to reduce the pollution
potential of livestock waste. The nine most feasible
systems for animal waste disposal are discussed.
These systems utilize either holding tanks, in-house
ditches, separation of wastes, or drying and com-
posting. These systems will remove most of the or-
ganic-oxygen-demanding material but not the inor-
ganic nutrients. Land disposal has been effective
for disposal of phosphorous. However land disposal
for nitrogen may not be adequate. Two techniques
for reducing the nitrogen load in animal waste is
through ammonia release and the nitrification-
denitnfication cycle. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0051 - A3
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS
ON WATER USES,
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla.
James P. Law, Jr., and Harold Bernard.
Transactions at the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Volume 13, No 4, p 474-478, July-
August 1970. 3 tab, 23 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Irrigation, 'Salinity,
'Pollutants, 'Fertilizers, 'Water pollution sources,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de-
mand, Disposal, Livestock, Agricultural chemicals,
Aquatic life, Water quality, Fish, Dissolved oxygen,
Aesthetics, Recreation, Pollutant identification.
Identifiers: 'Agricultural pollutants, 'Aesthetic
value, Total salt, Primary contact recreation.
Secondary contact recreation.
This paper discussed the water pollution potential
of agricultural sources. Animal wastes, irrigation
return flows, fertilizer application, and pesticides
are the primary sources of agricultural pollutants.
The water-quality criteria for water supplies are
discussed as related to agricultural contaminants.
Data is presented for the desirable and permissible
limits of concentration for the various contami-
nants. Agricultural is responsible for a major por-
tion of the total salt in many rivers and streams.
Data is given for the proposed safe limits of water
salinity for livestock. The impact that agricultural
pollutants has on fish, other aquatic life, and wil-
dlife is discussed. Examples are cited where pollu-
tants have adversely affected fish and wildlife. Now
is the time to build the cost of clean water into all of
our operations. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0052 - A4, C3
NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUND-
WATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science
R. W. Gillham, and L. R. Webber.
J Water Pollut Contr Federation, Vol 41, No 10 p
1752-1762, Oct 1969.11 p, 10 fig. 2 tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle. 'Leaching,
'Water pollution sources, Path of pollutants.
Water pollution effects, Nutrients, Groundwater
movement. Nitrogen, Waste water (Pollution).
Identifiers: Cattle wastes, Feedlot wastes.
A zone of nitrogen-contaminated groundwater as-
sociated with a barnyard was studied to determine
the quantity of inorganic nitrogen reaching the
groundwater from the barnyard. From piezometric
potential and hydraulic conductivity measure-
ments, quantitative flow nets were drawn per-
mitting groundwater discharge calculations. An in-
crease from 2 to 15 mg/l inorganic nitrogen oc-
curred in the groundwater as it passed beneath the
barnyard. This resulted in a contribution of 4.4 Ib
(2.0 kg) of inorganic nitrogen made by the bar-
nyard to the groundwater during the 5-month study
period. The concentration of nitrogen was related
to the direction of groundwater flow and was de-
pendent on the presence of conditions suitable for
the leaching of nitrogen and the dilution potential
of the local groundwater flow system. The surface
topography proved to be a poor indication of the
direction of groundwater flow. (Knapp-USGS)
0053 - B3
FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING.
Ministry of Agriculutre, Fisheries and Food, ton-
192.
-------
don (England).
Mechanization Leaflet For Farmers and Growers,
No 8, December 1965.6 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Disposal, 'Equipment,
Operations, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Machinery, 'System, Loaders,
Spreaders, Scrapers, United Kingdom.
This leaflet describes the more important types of
equipment and working methods used at present in
the United Kingdom for farmyard manure
handling. Loading and spreading equipment are
discussed. Recommendations are made as to the
most efficient methods of combining the available
men and equipment into an operating system for
manure disposal. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0054 - Al, F4
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK
FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA,
South Dakota State Univ.. Brook ings. Dcpt. of
Civil Engineering.
James N. Dronbush.
Sponsored by the SDSU College of Agriculture and
Biological Sciences, und the College of F.nginccr-
ing. Proceedings South Dakota Agriculture and
Water Quality - A Symposium on Water Pollution,
1970, p 37-46,4 tab, 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'South Dakota, 'Runoff, 'Pollutants,
Farm wastes, Lagoons, Cost sharing. Locating, Cat-
tle.
Identifiers: 'Pollution potential, 'Population
equivalents, FcedloU.
The overall pollution problem for livestock feeding
operations may not be as critical in South Dakota
as has been assumed. Certain climatic factors ap-
pear favorable, nevertheless, fccdlots poorly
locitcd with excessive drainage may be expected to
cause problems especially to lakes. General prinic-
plcs are available as guide lines for construction to
control pollution and cost sharing is available.
Although research can be expected to provide
greater related knowledge, there appears to be lit-
tle excuse for delaying the program of active
feedlot pollution control particularly with all
planned new construction for expansion of the
feeding industry. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0055 - F4
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE! DISPOSE ANIMAL
WASTES,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
E.PaulTaiganides.
Purdue University, Engineering Extension Service,
Bulletin No 133, p 542-549, 1969. 1 fig, 4 tab, 10
ref. (Proceedings 24th Industrial Watte Con-
ference).
Descriptors: 'Transportation, 'Disposal,
•Management, Farm wastes, Lagoons, Production,
Anaerobic digestion, Aerobic treatment.
Biochemical oxygen demand. Gases, Dehydration,
Odor.
Identifiers: 'Generation, 'Processing, 'Utilization,
Waste management, Anaerobic lagoons. Gas
production, Composting.
The development of a 'waste management
technology' analogous to the new patterns of
animal production and in harmony wiUrour need to
keep our natural resources from being polluted it
not an impossible mission but rather a challenging
mission whose resolution it requiring of engineers
and scientists the same ingenuity that has been
shown in developing modern methods of produc-
tion of consumer goods. This paper discusses the
changes and trends in the components of animal
waste management. The discussion is divided into
five areas: waste generation, waste transportation.
waste processing, waste utilization and waste
disposal. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0056 - D4
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING
DAIRY WASTES,
AUis-Chalmen Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee,
Wis.
Ronald L. Antonie, and Fred M. Welch.
Purdue University, Engineering Extension Service,
Bulletin No. 135, p 115-126, 1969. Proceedings
24th Industrial Waste Conference.
Descriptors: 'Equipment, 'Aerobic conditions,
•Biological treatment, 'Biomass, Farm wastes,
Aeration, Microorganisms, Biodegradation,
Chemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: 'Loading
Contractor, Field test.
rate, Rotating Biological
Field testing of a device called the 'Rotating
Biological Contractor' or 'RBC' is the subject of
this paper. The device consists of a series of discs
which are mounted on a shaft and rotated while
partially submerged in the waste to be treated. A
microbial film develops on the surface of the discs.
The rotation of the discs carry the microorganisms
into the air for aeration so that they can carry on
aerobic activity. The field tests have shown that the
RBC can effectively treat waste from a dairy plant.
Varying weather conditions have no apparent ef-
fect on RBC effectiveness. RBC characteristics of a
large microbial population, flexible aeration
capacity, little maintenance, low power require-
ments and predictable performance make the RBC
an attractive process for biological treatment of
dairy wastes. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0057 - AS, A6, Bl
THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN
ANIMAL UNITS,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept of Agricultural
Engineering.
E. Paul Taigonidei, and Richard K. White.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 3, 1969, p
359-362,367.2 tab, 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Gases, * Effects, Car-
bon dioxide. Oxygen, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide,
Methane, Lethal limit, Toxicity, Cattle, Hogs,
Poultry, Ventilation, Treatment
Identifiers: 'Concentrationi, Storage pits, Pit
cleaning, Lethal situations.
The paper begins with a description of noxious
gates and it is noted that animal deaths have oc-
curred as the result of an accumulation of these
gases. The gases, their properties and charac-
teristics listed, are carbon dioxide, ammonia,
hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other gates. Ox-
ygen it listed to show its indispensability inside a
confinement building. Animal response to menac-
ing concentrations of these gases is described. A
table lists different properties of the noxious gases
and their physiological effects on the animals.
Possibly fatal concentrations are noted, along with
the potentially lethal situations which may bring
about these concentrations. Among these situa-
tions are ventilation breakdowns, pit stirring and
pit cleaning:. Finally, the control of noxious gases is
emphasized. Preventive measures, moderating the
effects of noxious gases, and treatment of affected
animals are all discussed. (White-Iowa State)
0058 - B2, E3
REUSE OF WASH WATER FOR CLEANING
CAGED LAYER HOUSES,
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
R. L. Witt, G. L. Pratt, and J. L. Sell.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 6, p 807-
812, November 1969.7 fig.
Descriptors: 'Recirculated water, Farm wastes.
Poultry, Storage tanks, Equipment, Odor.
Identifiers: Flushing gutters, Manure.
A liquid manure handling system was designed for
a poultry house. Manure is collected in concrete
gutters beneath the cages. A flushing process is
used to clean the gutters. A wooden scrape is
forced down the length of the gutter by pressure ex-
erted by water that had been added behind the
scrape. The water was collected in an outside pit
for reuse. This system has been effective for reduc-
ing the total quantity of water required for cleaning
the poultry house. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0059 - F4
THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK
MANURE,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
S. A. Hart.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 3, p 78-80, 1960. 4
fig, Itab, 13ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Disposal, 'Manage-
ment, Storage, California, Dehydration, Livestock,
Fertilizers, Value.
Identifiers: *Composting, 'Sanitation, Processing.
House fly, Musca domestica, Carbon to nitrogen
ratio, Production.
Manure management will seldom be a profit-mak-
ing part of the farming enterprise. In most cases the
cost of proper handling will exceed the value of the
manure as a fertilizer or soil amendment. Even so,
manure handling is as necessary a chore as is feed-
ing or animal care. Through proper manure
management the net cost of handling the manure
can be minimized and the sanitation requirements
of the farming operation fulfilled. The procedures
of systems engineering are applicable to the
management of livestock manure, and can be
stated as the specific operations of: (a) gathering
and cleaning up the manure, (b) storing or
processing it, and (c) utilizing or disposal of it.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0060 - A4, F3
RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUND-
WATER POLLUTION: A REVIEW,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
J. W. D. Robbins, and G. J. Kriz.
Trans Amer Soc Agr Eng, Vol 12, No 3, p 397-403,
May-June 1969. 7 p, 2 tab, 97 ref.
Descriptors: 'Agricultural engineering, 'Ground-
water, 'Pollutants, 'Farm wastes, Agriculture, Pol-
lution abatement. Farm management, Waste water
(Pollution), Pesticides, Insecticides, Herbicides,
Bibliographies, Saline water, Irrigation water,
Waste water disposal. Waste disposal. Water pollu-
tion, Water pollution control, Water Pollution
sources.
Identifiers: Ground water quality, Pollution control.
Groundwater is a water resource and a potential
medium for receiving wastes. Agricultural enter-
prises produce wastes that can lead to rapid
degradation of groundwater. Agricultural en-
gineers are responsible for evaluating agricultural
groundwater pollution problems and recommend-
ing control and abatement measures. The purpose
of this paper is to orient agricultural engineers on
groundwater pollution problems caused by agricul-
tural practices in 3 general areas: (1) evaluation of
groundwater as a receiving medium for agricultural
wastes; (2) characterization of the source of the
pollutants; and (3) delineation of the types of solu-
tions needed for agricultural groundwater quality
problems. Agricultural groundwater pollutants
reviewed are animal wastes, fertilizers, pesticides,
plant residues, and saline waste water. (USER)
193
-------
0061 - A3
SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES
OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering. Slate of Wisconsin.
S. A. Wit/el, Neal E. Minshall, M. Starr Nichols,
and John Wilke.
Transaction!! of the ASAE, Veil 12, No 3, 1969, p
.1J8-34l.4tab.3fig.5ref.
Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, 'Nutrients, Fertil-
izers, Farm wastes. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassi-
um. Wisconsin, Agricultural watersheds,
Discharge, Soils, Topography, Geology, Cover
crops, weirs. Precipitation, Snow.
Identifiers: 'Runoff sampler, Fennimore, Wiscon-
sin.
The paper describes the soils, geology, topographic
features and cover of a 330 acre watershed near
Fennimore, Wisconsin. The watershed was subdi-
vided and wiers were placed with semi-automatic
runoff samplers to sample winter runoff water The
amount of commercial fertilizer as well as manure
that was applied was determined. The runoff sam-
ples were analyzed and the amount of nutrients lost
was calculated from the wier calibration. The
amount of runoff during the winter of 1967 was
about twice the 29 year average. The nutrients lost
in surface runoff were much greater than those in
the base How of southwestern Wisconsin streams.
In a year of average runoff, assuming nutrient
losses directly proportional to runoff, the losses
would be 2 Ib. nitrogen, 0.6 Ib. phosphorus and 4
Ib. potassium per acre. (White-Iowa State)
0062 - A2, Bl, Dl
MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEEDLOT
WASTES,
Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst, Ames.
Richard R. Dague, and Kenneth J. Kline. Iowa
State Water Resources Research Institute Report
No 69-4, Iowa University, Project Completion Re-
port, June 30, 1969. 195 p, 99 fig, 20 tab, 19 ref, 4
append.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens,
•Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, Lagoons,
Water pollution control. Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Feedlot wastes, Waste management.
The effects of hydrologic factors on the control of
runoff from open feedlots were studied. Manage-
ment and treatment techniques are discussed and
evaluated. Rainfall, runoff, and streamflow are the
primary factors to consider in managing cattle
feedlot runoff. The nature, volume, and rate of
delivery of runoff are directly related to rainfall.
Storage requirements depend upon the volume of
runoff, whereas the retention pond discharge rate
should be proportional to streamflow. Terraces and
retention ponds will reduce the pollution from cat-
tle feedlot runoff. Application to land appears to be
the most practical method of disposal for both the
solids and the liquid. When applied to agricultural
land, the waste has some economic value. Reten-
tion ponds may not remove sufficient amounts of
suspended solids, BOD, COD, and nutrients to pro-
vide safe effluents for disposal to streams. (Knapp-
USGS)
Radioactive wastes. Air pollution effects.
Identifiers: 'Contaminants, Biological contami-
nants.
Pesticides, industrial and municipal wastes,
radioactive materials, microbes, and other poten-
tial pollutants are coming in contact with our soils
in ever increasing amounts. This article discusses
certain sources of soil contaminants and outlines a
few of the research techniques being used in an at-
tempt to understand their behavior in soils.
Agricultural chemicals may become harmful pollu-
tants if improperly used. Sewage and industrial
wastes make up the bulk of contaminating sub-
stances produced by our society. Waste disposal is
related to biological contamination of water sup-
plies by bacteria and viruses. Radioactive con-
tamination and some air pollutants come into con-
tact with the soil. The movement of some of the soil
pollutants is discussed. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0063 - A3, A6, A7, A9
SOIL POLLUTANTS: THEIR ORIGIN AND
BEHAVIOR,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology.
D. E. Elrick, J. W. fiiggar, and L. R. Webber.
Journal Soil Water Conservation, Vol 21, p 7-11,
1966. 3 fig, 26 ref.
Descriptors: 'Pollutants, *Pesticide residues,
'Degradation (Decomposition), Farm wastes, Pol-
lutant identification, Effluents, Pesticides, Sewage,
Domestic wastes, Disposal, 2-4-D, DDT, Chlorides,
0064 - C5
URINARY CREATININE AS AN INDEX COM-
POUND FOR ESTIMATING RATE OF EXCRE-
TION OF STEROIDS IN THE DOMESTIC SOW,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind.
R. E. Erb, S. A. Tillson, G. D. Hodgen, and E. D.
Plotka.
Journal Paper No 3644, Purdue University Agricul-
tural Experiment Station. Journal of Animal
Science, Vol 30, No I, p 79-85, January 1970. 5
tab, 20 ref.
Descriptors: Farm wastes, Urine, Hogs, Livestock,
Animal physiology.
Identifiers: 'Steroids, 'Creatinine, Index com-
pound.
During two experiments urine was collected form
36 yearling sows to estimate rate-of-excretion of
creatinine and to evaluate its use as an index com-
pound. Excretion rate averaged 205 mg/hr. and
1.35 mg/hr./kg live weight for Experiment I as com-
pared to 201 mg/hr. and 1.38 mg/hr./kg live weight
for Experiment II. Measurement of urine volume
for 48-hr, allows estimation of creatinine excretion
rate of sows with coefficients of variability of 7-8%.
In comparison, the coefficients of variability were
18 and 13%, respectively, for 12-hr, and 24-hr.
periods. These experiments show that the ratio,
microgram steroid per mg urinary creatinine is an
accurate method for expressing rate of excretion of
steroids in urine. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0065 - F4
AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS.
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 4, No
12, p 1098-1100, December 1970.2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollutants, 'Wastes
identification, 'Environmental effects, Water pol-
lution sources.
Identifiers: 'High intensity fanning, Contamina-
tion, Plant emissions, Government action.
Increasing concentration and intensity of agricul-
tural activities necessary to the development and
prosperity of (he economy, are responsible for
many new environmental issues. Primary sources of
pollution resulting from agricultural practices can
be grouped as: animal wastes, wastes from
processing of raw agricultural products, rural
domestic wastes, and sediment from land; also
plant nutrients from fertilizers, inorganic salts and
minerals resulting from irrigation, pesticides,
aeroallergens and infectious agents contribute to
the problem; paniculate and gaseous substances
derived from the combustion of wastes and natural
plant emmissiom add to the problem. A brief
description of these sources and some possible
solutions are presented. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0066 - B2, C2, D4
THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AND SURFACE
AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF
SOLIDS IN INDOOR MANURE DIGESTION
TANKS,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln.
Ali A. AI-Timimi, W. J. Owings, and John L.
Adams.
Poultry Science, Vol 44, p 112-115, 1965. 3 tab, 4
ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Digestion
tanks. Volume, Least squares method, Overflow,
Lagoons, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: 'Surface area. Dry matter, Hen weight.
Feed consumption, Egg weight.
Ten stainless steel tanks were utilized to form four
volume and two surface area allowances. Leghorn
type pullets were placed in eight inch cages over
the tanks and their manure was allowed to accumu-
late in liquid for 20 weeks. At the end of each 2
week period, dry matter determinations were made
and hen weight, feed weight and egg production
were recorded. The dry matter percentages were
put on a 3.5 cu. ft/bird basis and the changes in per.
cent dry matter from one period to another were
calculated. Cubage and surface area per bird
seemed to have no significant effects on the rate of
digestion of the solids in the tanks. Periods and the
interaction between treatments and periods were
highly significant. Although the manure output is
influenced by factors such as hen weight, feed con-
sumption and egg weight, none of these factors
showed any significant effect, because of the
uniform distribution of the hens assigned to the
treatments. Liquid overflow was inversely related
to the surface area per bird. At least 3.5 cu. ft of
water per bird is needed to provide for biennial
cleaning. (White-Iowa State)
0067 - Bl, Dl
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR
PROBLEM,
Wright Raine Ltd.
W. T. A. Rundle.
Journal and Proceedings of the Institution of
Agricultural Engineers, Vol 21, p 134-139,1965.5
fig, 5 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurries, Sludge,
Sprinkler irrigation. Pumping, Storage tanks.
Labor, Volume, Rates of application.
Identifiers: "Field spreading. Vacuum tanks.
Mechanical agitation.
Equipment and methods of manure disposal used in
handling manure slurries are described. The equip-
ment is broadly divided into two categories includ-
ing mobile trailer type equipment and pumping
equipment. Several examples of each are given. Ta-
bles list the waste production and labor required
for each system ai a function of volume handled. A
digester is also described, which reduces the
volume of material put in by 20%, and produces a
sludge with no smell. It is suggested that the cost of
this operation would be prohibitive. A discussion
follows centering on problems and solutions to
problems which have arisen from the systems
discussed. (White-Iowa State)
0068 - Bl. F2
POSSIBLE DEFENSES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS,
Illinois Univenity.
H.w. Hannah.
Poultry Digest, p. 601, December 1970.
De«criptor»i '1*9*1 aspects, tarn «eete>, poul-
try.
Identifiers! Nuisance complaints.
H.W. Hannah has outlined six possible defenses
that may be used by poultrymen against nuisance
complaints. Then include that the plaintiff is
overientitiva and/or does not have the facts
correct. The poultrynan nay claim that he was
194
-------
there first and/or that the araa i» zoned for
agricultural use. Th« poultryman may clain that
he hat considerable Investment In the operation.
The poultryman may claim that the condition!
will improve if granted additional tine.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0069 - BZ. 12, FZ
CONNECTICUT REQUIREMENTS FOR LIQUID MANURE
'DISPOSAL.
Connecticut Public Health Department
Poultry Digest, December 1970, p. 583,
Descriptors: "Connecticut, "regulation, "liquid
wastes, farm wastes, pollutants, wastes disposal,
water pollution.
Identifiers; Liquefied nanure.
The Connecticut Public Health Department has set
forth requirements that poultrymen and others
must follow. Liquefied manure should be spread
on level fields so that it does not come within
200 feet of any watersupply. Ho liquefied ma-
nure should be applied to frozen or snow-covered
ground. No liquid manure should be applied when
ground is saturated with rainfall or groundwater.
Ho more than 5,000 gallons of liquid manure per
acre should be applied at any one time. The
fields should be given a rest period so that di-
gesting of organic material can occur in the
soil. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0070 - E2
SOILS AS AN ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Soil Science.
William P. Martin.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 23, p
43-45, March-April 1970.18 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, *Sails, Nitrogen,
Phosphorous, Potassium, Soil water, Water pollu-
tion. Soil contamination, Soil surveys, Nutrients,
Fertilizers, Soil properties, Value, Soil chemical
properties, Soil physical properties, Soil erosion,
Sedimentation, Minnesota.
Identifier!: Waste disposal medium.
Pollution of the soil-water complex occurs mostly
because we have no other medium for waste
disposal. The author discusses the various reactions
which can be expected in soil with respect to
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The im-
nortance of erosion and sedimentation control is
also pointed out. It was stressed that considerable
additional information is needed if we are to max-
imize the use of the soil as a waste disposal medium
in such a way as to minimize pollution. We must
manage our natural resource! to accomodate our
waste disposal needs with a minimum of pollution
and still produce nutritious food in adequate
amounts for our rapidly increasing population.
(White-Iowa State)
0071 - A2, Bl, C5
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE
FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION,
Texas Technological Coll., Lubbock. Dept. of Civil
wTrab™* C. Albin, D. M. Wells, and R. Z.
Whcaton.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 12, 1969, p 490-492, 495. 2
tab, 5 fig, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Cattle, 'Water pollu-
tion sources, Runoff, Precipitation, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Biochemical oxygen demand, Slopes,
Surfaces, Feeds, Silage, Management, Design,
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Ration composition,
Feedlot layout, Waste accumulation.
Incorporating both engineering and biological
aspects, this report contains an analysis of data and
suggests management and design practices that
could reduce materially the pollution contributed
by the confined land area where feeder cattle are
maintained. The study was conducted in two
phases. The first phase was concerned with the
waste accumulation on the feedlot surface as in-
fluenced by ration. The second phase of the project
was concerned with determining the quality of
liquid runoff as related to the rations fed to cattle,
as related to the time of accumulation of the
manure pack. For the first phase, ration composi-
tion, its effect on quantity of excretion, and
changes in the accumulated wastes are looked at.
For the second phase, the effects of precipitation,
surfacing material, land slope, depth of waste accu-
mulation, feedlot layout, and ration composition
are evaluated. Nitrogen, phosphorus and BOD
were used as measures of pollution. (White-Iowa
State)
0072 - E3
A NOTE ON THE UTILISATION BY CHICKENS
OF ENERGY FROM FAECES,
Queensland Univ., Brisbane (Australia). Dept. of
Animal Husbandry.
W. J. Pryor, and J. K. Connor.
Poultry Science, Vol 43, p 833-834, 1964. 2 tab 2
ref.
Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Energy,
Wheat, Sorghum, Nitrogen.
Identifiers: 'Metabolizable energy. Bomb
calorimeter. Ration.
Four groups of male chickens aged 22 days which
had been on a trial to determine the metabolizable
energy of grain sorghum, were allotted at random
two to each treatment. Two groups were fed
crushed grain sorghum. The remaining two groups
were fed a ration consisting of 80% crushed gram
sorghum mixed with 20% ftces resulting from a
previous wheat trial. All four rations contained a
standard broiler mineral and vitamin supplement.
The results showed that the feces had a metaboliza-
ble energy value of approximately 30% of the feed
from which it originated. (White-Iowa State)
0073 - F2
STOCKMEN'S LIABILITY UNDER THE MIS-
SOUR1 NUISANCE LAW,
Missouri Univ., Columbia.
Donald R. Levi, and John C. Holslcin.
Science and Technology Guide, Published by the.
University of Missouri-Columbia Extension Divi-
sion; File: Ag Econ 3 3/70, 7M. p 381-584, (Mar
1970).
Descriptors: 'Legal aspects, 'Regulation. Farm'
wastes, Missouri.
Identifiers: 'Pollution laws, "Nuisance law, 'Legal
procedure, •Liability, Lawsuits, Stockmen.
There is no one thing a livestock operator can do
and gain absolute protection under the nuisance
taw. Thus, it is imperative that you attempt to
prevent such lawsuits from arising. This implies
that those who follow a 'good neighbor' policy arc
Ic«» likely 'to be sued. Try to avoid causing your
neighbors discomfort. This guide only discusses
some general principles affecting the civil liability
of feedlot operators under the nuisance laws. If you
are faced with potential air or water pollution
problem, dont hesitate to disucss it with your attor-
ney. (Christenbury-Iowa Stutc)
0074 - D4
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
B'fleering.
. D. Jones, J. C. Converse, and D. L. Day.
Proceedings of C1GR (Commission Internationale
du Genie Rural), p 204-211,1969.7 fig, 2 ref.
Descriptors: *Oxygenation, 'Aeration, 'Foaming,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Farm wastes. Swine,
Lagoon, Dissolved-oxygen, Aerobic treatment,
Odor, Gases; Liquid wastes, Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Total solids, Load-
ing rate, Defoaming agent, In-the-building treat-
ment.
An oxidation ditch for in-the-building treatment of
swine waste was evaluated. Odorless aerobic treat-
ment could be obtained under the self-cleaning
slatted floors of a confinement building by connect-
ing the ends of the liquid-manure gutters and ad-
ding a rotor aerator. The results indicate that load-
ing rates of 6 cu. ft. or less per hog are not suitable
for in-the-building, oxidation-ditch treatment.
Loading rates of 8 cu. ft. per hog were most
satisfactory. Oil was used as a defoaming agent
when required. No foaming was encountered at
loading rates higher than g.S cu. ft. per hog pro-
vided sufficient oxygen was supplied. The mixed-
liquor, 5-day BOD of swine waste was reduced
from 40,000 to 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams per
liter. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0075 - Bl, C3, D4, Fl
HOG WASTE DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING,
Illinois Dept. of Public Health, Springfield, III. Div.
of Sanitary Engineering.
Charles E. Clark.
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division,
Proceedings of the American Society of Civil En-
gineers, Vol 91, NoSA6,p 27-41, December 1965.
5 tab, I fig, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Farm lagoons. Odor,
Scum, Gases, Bubbles, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Chemical oxygen demand, Coliforms,
Sampling, Depth, Volume, Septic tanks, Dissolved
oxygen, Costs, Nutrients, Chlorophyta, E. coli, An-
tibiotics, Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, 'Hogs.
Identifiers: 'Lagoon supernatant, Shock loading,
Surface area. Farrowing house, Feeding house.
Total solids. Volatile solids, Enterococcus, Penicil-
lin, Algal population.
The material presented consists of on-site observa-
tions and test results obtained from samples col-
lected from an operational farm lagoon in Illinois.
The program centered on this lagoon since others
around it had failed. The system itself is described
and possible solutions given as to why it does work.
Chemical properties or the lagoon supernatant and
the raw waste are compared. On the basts of obser-
vations made during this program, the most likely
problem will be process failure caused by antibiotic
effect, temperature change or shock loading. Stu-
dies are underway concerning the harvesting and
feeding of algae from the lagoon. Operational
problems as well as costs are evaluated for the total
system. Finally, a practical system Is suggested for
the disposal of hog wastes. (White-Iowa State)
0076 - A3, A4, C3
NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS
UNDER FIELDS AND FEEDLOTS,
Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo.
Soil and Water Conservation Research Div.
B. A. Stewart, F. G. Viets, Jr.. 0. L. Hutchinson,
andW.D. Kemper.
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 1. No
9, p 736-739, September 1967.2 fig, 1 tab, 1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrates, 'Farm wastes,
Groundwater, Water pollution. Water table. Soils,
Irrigation, Fertilizers, Precipitation, Corn, Hydrau-
lic conductivity, Carbon, Oxidation-reduction
potential, Alfalfa, Ammonium compounds
Colorado.
Identifier!: Feedlots, Soil cores, Groundwater pol-
lution. South Platte. ^
Agriculture's effect on nitrate pollution of ground-
water was investigated in the South Platte valley of
-------
Colorado. The valley is intensively fanned and con-
tains many concentrated livestock feeding opera-
tions. A water table, generally between 3 and 20
meters below the surface, underlies much of the
area. The average total nitrate-nitrogen to a depth
of 6.7 meters in the profiles for the various kinds of
land use was: alfalfa (13 cores), 70; native grass-
land (17 cores), 81; cultivated dry land (21 cores),
233; irrigated fields not in alfalfa (28 cores), 452;
and feedlots (47 cores), 1282 kg. per hectare.
Croundwatcr samples often contained high con-
centrations of nitrate, and those obtained beneath
feedlots contained ammonium-nitrogen and or-
ganic carbon. (White-Iowa State)
0077 - Bl, F4
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL IN RELATION TO
CATTLE,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, London
(England).
J. Gibbons.
Water Pollution Control, Vol 67, No 6, 1968, p
622-626,2 tab, 4 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Disposal (Wastes), "Waste treat-
ment, 'Cattle. 'Livestock, 'Farm wastes. Costs,
Silage, Effluent. Economic impact. Digestion,
Drains, Groundwuter, Streams, Buildings, Con-
struction.
Identifiers: 'Farm waste disposal, 'Farm waste
production. 'Cow cubicles, 'Dry-land farm.
•Silage effluent. *Wel farms, Population
equivalents of farm waste. Farming patterns, Solid
systems. Organic irrigation. Slurry handling. Cubi-
cle-housing/law labour system, Storage.
Changes in the pattern of farming and consequent
effects on the nature of manure disposal problem
on farms are discussed. Modern systems of dairy
farming, including the special impacts of
widespread production of silage, and the growth of
the cubicle system of housing are examined. The
consequent effluent disposal problems arc evalu-
ated. Design of disposal systems must lake into ac-
count: animal waste quantity estimates and the
population equivalents of these farm wastes. Also,
a vital factor in design requirements is evaluation of
the changing patterns of farming. Waste treatment
and disposal are discussed from the viewpoints of
solid systems, handling organic irrigation methods,
and slurry handling methods. The factors affecting
storage requirements and capacities are analyzed.
An important consideration in most systems is to
keep the volume of contaminated liquid to a
minimum and this is a vital factor in building
design. Silage effluent treatment is given special at-
tention because of the serious pollution problem
which it can create. Special efforts are required to
keep silage effluent from entering drains, streams,
or groundwatcn. Proper system design must con-
sider land use, the type of existing facilities, the
scale of enterprise, and type of livestock. Economic
and technical considerations jointly should under-
lie the final design decisions. (D'Arezzo-Texas)
0078 - D4
OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION
DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT
LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Don D. Jones, Donald L. Day, and James C.
Converse.
Purdue University, Engineering Extension Service,
Bulletin No. 135, p 191-208. 12 fig, 5 ref
Proceedings 24th Industrial Waste Conference.
Descriptors: 'Dissolved oxygen, 'Oxygenation,
Farm wastes, Equipment, Odor, Mass transfer,
Theoretical analysis.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Alpha factor.
The oxidation ditch is one of the most successful
methods for treating the staggering volume of
animal manure that is being produced at the
present time. The purpose of this paper is to
present the oxygenaupn capacities of five aeration
rotors tested at the University of Illinois. The rotors
were tested in actual field installations with clean
Up water in the ditch and the livestock removed.
The parameter studies were blade immersion,
blade design, rotor speed, and gross power require-
ments. There is little or no difference in oxygena-
tion capacities between the angle iron bladed rotor
and the rectangular plate rotor. The increase in ox-
ygenation capacity is almost linear with depth of
immersion or rotor speed. (Christenbury-lowa
State)
0079 - A3, C3
SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
IN WATER SUPPLIES • TASK GROUP RE-
PORT.
Journal of the American Water Works Association,
Vol 59, p 344-366, March 1967. 8 tab, I fig, 64 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Phosphorus, Farm
wastes, Eutrophication, Great Lakes, Distribution,
Fertilizers, Ammonia, Nitrates, Nitrites,
Phosphorus, Compounds, Domestic wastes, Deter-
gents, Industrial wastes. Nutrients, Fuels, Water
treatment, Rivers, Runoff, Drainage water, Sedi-
ment transport, Cultivated lands. Water fowl. At-
mosphere, Rainfall, Nitrogen fixation.
Identifiers: 'Fertilizer consumption, Concentra-
tions, Urban runoff, Dustfall, Historical trends.
The results of this survey have indicated that
nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are contributed
to water in significant quantities from a variety of
man-made and natural sources. Data taken from a
small scale were extrapolated to large areas of the
country. This brings attention both on the sources
of most significance as well as on the sources for
which additional information is most needed. The
estimation of nutrient contributions from various
sources is presented in tabular form. The complete
elimination of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients
from surface water supplies does not appear
economically feasible because the sources are so
widespread. Therefore, appropriate efforts must be
made to cope with many of the problems that have
been created, and increased effort must be devoted
to the development of better methods for preven-
tion of algal growth in reservoirs. A more concen-
trated effort by the water utility profession to
reduce the detrimental effects caused by eutrpphi-
cation of water supplies is recommended. (White-
Iowa State)
0080 - C2
FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE
SLURRIES,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
Mahesh Kumar. H. D. Bartlctt, and N. N.
Mohsenin.
Paper presented at the 1970 winter meeting Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago,
Dec 8-11, 1970, Paper No 70-911. 28 p, 7 fig. 2
tab, 26 ref.
Descriptors: 'Slurriel, 'Viscosity, 'Viscometers,
Firm wastes. Viscous flow, Temperature, 'Flow
characteristics, Moisture content, Shear strength.
Identifiers: Shear diagrams, Flow behavior indices.
Dilution, Pseudoplastic flow, Apparent viscosities,
Newtonian fluids. Total solids.
The flow properties of animal waste slurries were
studied with the use of a coaxial cylinder-type
viscometer to determine shear diagrams, flow
behavior indices, viscosity indices and apparent
viscosities in relation to dilution, temperature and
sawdust bedding content of the slurries. The
viscosity of manure slurry decreases with increase
in dilution. Flow is Newtonian for total solid con-
tent-below five per cent. Addition of sawdust
decreases the viscosity of slurries. Viscosity of fresh
manure decreases with increase of temperature.
Manure slurry of four to six percent total solids
content is a good compromise between excessive
volume of handling and power requirement.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0081 - Bl, C3, C5, E2
DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM
POULTRY LITTER IN BROILER CHICKENS,
SOIL, AND CROPS,
Salsbury Labs., Charles City, Iowa. Dept. of
Biochemistry.
Joseph L. Morrison.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol
17,p 1288-1290, November 1969.5 tab, 27 ref.
Descriptors: 'Arsenic, 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry,
Soil, Crops, Assay, Alfalfa, Cloven, Correlation
analysis, Groundwater, Pesticides.
Identifiers: 'Poultry litter, 'Arsenical feed addi-
tives, Hydrolized feather meal, Poultry tissue, Rox-
The effect of the presence of organoarsenicals from
feed additives in poultry house litter was in-
vestigated with respect to the distribution of ar-
senic in chickens raised on this litter, to the dis-
tribution of arsenic in soil fertilized with this litter,
and to the distribution of arsenic in crops raised on
soil fertilized with this type litter. Although mea-
surable amounts of arsenic (15-30 ppm) were
found in the litter, the arsenic content of soil and
crops was unaffected by the use of poultry litter as
fertilizer. Similarly, the arsenic content of birds was
unaffected when raised on this type litter. (White-
Iowa State)
0082 - C4, E4
HOUSE FLY PUPAE AS FOOD FOR POULTRY,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
C. C. Calvert, R. D. Martin, and N. O. Morgan.
Journal of Entomology, Vol 62, No. 4, August
1969, p 938-939,2 tab, 2 ref
Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Organic matter.
Proteins, Poultry, Foods, Nutrients, Soybeans,
Laboratory tests.
Identifiers: 'House Hies, Pupae, Fats, Waste utiliza-
tion.
A study was conducted as a part of the waste
utilization program to determine if the larvae of the
house fly could be used to produce protein and fat
from human wastes. Due to the difficulty of collect-
ing sufficient larvae for this experiment, fly pupae
were used. Pupae were obtained from • culture that
had been maintained at the Beltsville Fly Control
Laboratory for 60 generation and held at -10LC
until needed. The pupae were dried, ground in •
small Wiley mill and analyzed for protein, fat, ash,
moisture and other substances. The composition of
the amino acid indicated that the protein was of a
quality similar to meat or fish meal. In two separate
2 week tests, day old chicks were fed one of two
formulations containing fly pupae as a protein and
fat source. The results indicate that the fly pupae
provided enough protein of sufficient quality to
support normal growth of chicks during the first
two weeks of life. This study is preliminary and
more work is required before a valid comparison
can be made with the soybean meal now used. It is
conceivable that the house fly could be used to
convert waste materials into usable, high quality
nutrient supplements and thereby assist in alleviat-
ing some of the problems of organic waste disposal.
(Ooessling-Texas)
0083 - Al, F4
BEEF FEEDLOT OPERATIONS IN ONTARIO.
Department of Energy, Mines and Resources,
1*6
-------
Burlington (Ontario). Canada Centre for Inland
Waters.
A. R. Townscnd,S. A. Black,and J. F. Janse.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol 42, Part I, p 195-208, February 1970. 3 fig, 10
tab, lOref.
Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Farm mangement,
•Farm lagoons, 'Runoff, Seepage, Waste storage.
Waste disposal. 'Farm wastes.
Identifiers: 'Cattle feedlots, 'Animal housing.
•Manure storage.
The beef feedlot industry in Ontario is described
with respect to its environmental pollution
problem. Approximately 100,000 cattle are on On-
tario feedlots with an eitimated 300 heat or less per
feedlot. Four different types of housing and the as-
sociated handling of animal wastes as well as types
of pollution from the feedlots is discussed. Animal
waste storage should be designed to provide six
months capacity and lot runoff storage facilities
should be sized to hold the winter snow melt and
spring rains until proper waste disposal. The report
concludes that feedlot waste disposal will continue
to be storage and land disposal rather than treat-
ment and effluent discharge. The three main causes
of pollution have been feed storage seepage,
feedlot runoff, and land disposal runoff. This report
recommends aeration systems such as rotors,
aspirators, surface mechanical, and diffused air
tubing for odor control. (Waid-Texas)
0084 - A5, B2, C3
FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE OF
THE ODOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED LIQUID
POULTRY MANURE,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology.
R.G.Bell.
Poultry Science. Vol 49, No 4, p 1126-1129, July
1970.4 fig, 7 ref. Ontario Dept of Food and Agr No
695-04 Research Council of Canada No A5730.
Descriptors: •Poultry, 'Legislation, 'Odor, Farm
wastes, Liquid wastes, Gas chromatography.
Identifiers: Fatty acid content. Odor potential.
An attempt was made to find a correlation between
odour and the concentration of volatile fatty acids
in stored liquid poultry manure. Using both gas
chromatographic and column partition chromato-
graphic analysis procedures a relationship between
the odour and the fatty acid content of stored liquid
poultry manure was observed. A total fatty acid
content of 0.1% is suggested as a maximum level to
be deemed acceptable for new installations and
0.2% as a minimum level for the initiation of
prosecution which may be contemplated for exist-
ing facilities. (Christenbury-lowaState)
0085 - A6, B2
DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lon-
don (England).
Agriculture. Vol 77, No 9, p 431-432, September
1970.
Descriptors: 'Gases, Farm wastes. Storage pits.
Slurries, Accidents, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Bacterial decomposition.
Gases from slurry pits can be dangerous to animals
and concentrations fatal to man can occur. During
storage and bacterial decomposition of the slurry
causes a breakdown in organic matter and the
release of gases. Recommendations are given that
should help prevent accidents. (Christenbury-lowa
State)
0086 - Cl . EJ
THE APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN
IN TOPLAN DRIED POULTRY MANURE,
The University Department of Agriculture, Read-
ing 1 Thornber Bro«. Ltd., Nytholnroyd, Halifax.
B. LoMun, and D. H. Knight.
Aniul production, vol. 11, No. 2, 1969, p. 276.
Dascriptorat *Diet«, *fam wastes, *poultry,
organic matter/ nitrogen, copper, energy, barley,
sheep value.
Identifiers! 'Digestibility trial, -dried poul-
try manure, dry matter, crude protein, starch
equivalent, feed stuff.
A digestibility trial was carried out to study
the apparent digestibility of £»•?• components of
dried poultry manure, these being dry matter,
organic Batter, energy, nitrogen, and copper.
rive diets vere made consisting of various pro-
portion! of dried poultry manure and barley, in-
cluding pure dried poultry manure and pure bar-
ley. These diets were each given to 4 castrated
•ale sheep (20 in all), in a randomised block
design for a ten-day experimental period. The
apparent digestibilities of Topian dried poultry
manure were determined by actual measurement
fron the pure dried poultry manure diet, and by
extrapolation from the other diets. The value of
Tc-plan dried poultry manure was examined in
terns of digestible crude protein, metabolizable
energy and starch equivalent, and the value of
the Toplan dried poultry manure as a feeding
stuff for various classes of form livestock
was examined in relation to the Agricultural
Research Council's recommendations. (White-Iowa
state)
0087 - D4
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF CATTLE WASTE,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
g'neering.
. D. Jones, B. A. Jones, Jr., and D. L. Day.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 11,1968, p 757-761. 18 fig, 2
tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Biochemical
oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Aero-
bic treatment, Sludge, Aeration, Digestion, Regres-
sion analysis. Waste treatment.
Identifiers: 'Loading rates, 'Aerobic digestion,
Dairy cattle, Beef cattle, Volatile solids, Fixed
solids. Digesters.
The effectiveness was studied of the aerobic
digestion process in the treatment of dairy and
beef-cattle wastes. Waste from livestock being fed
a high-concentrate ration was added in varying
loading rates to laboratory aerobic digesters. This
experiment indicates that, in the future, less
emphasis should be placed on COD, VS, and FS
and more on the measurement of BOD, which is a
better indication of microorganism activity. BOD
reductions of 70,60, and 76 percent and total VS
reductions of 20,15, and 0 percent, respectively
were obtained for loading rates of 125, 150, and
200 ml. from dairy cattle. Similar results were ob-
tained using beef cattle waste. Under conditions
similar to those prevailing in this study, significant
reductions in biodegradable organic concentra-
tions can be obtained. (White-Iowa State)
0088 - Fl
POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL . IS THERE A
PROBLEM,
C.T.Riiey.
Agriculture, Vol73, 1966,p 110-112.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, Costs, Nutrients, Farm
wastes, Fertilizers, Value, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: Muck, Handling, Removal.
The cost is examined associated with removal of
poultry manure from the house to the disposal
point. It is costing the poultry farmer a shilling per
bird per year to remove the muck. The fertilizer
value of poultry manure should not be overlooked.
Farmers dispose enough manure that would be
worth 160 units of nitrogen, 160 units of
phosphorus and 70 units of potash if applied to a
crop. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0089 - C1.E1
TREATMENT. USE, AND DISPOSAL OF
WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE,
Water Pollution Research Lab., Stevenage (En-
gland).
A. B. Whcatland, and B. J. Borne.
Water Pollution Control, Vol 69. No 2, p 195-208.
February 1970. 12 tab, 21 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Animal wastes,
•Wastes disposal, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste water
disposal, 'Waste water treatment, 'Biological
treatment, 'Sludge disposal, 'Sludge treatment,
Odor, Aerobic treatment, Incineration, Filtration,
Hogs, Cattle, Poultry.
Identifiers: 'Manures, 'Vegetable washings.
With the trend toward larger concentrations of
more animals on smaller areas of land nearer popu-
lation centers, and the trend of the food industry to
require washing and packing of vegetables on the
farm, the farmer is faced with new problems in
waste and waste water treatment and disposal.
Values for quantity of excreta, solids, BOD, COD,
PV, organic carbon, and total nitrogen are given
for cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, and man. Recent
experimental work on animal waste treatment and
disposal is discussed. The problem investigated was
odor control during storage and spreading of pig-
gery slurry by means of aeration. Problems which
occurred included foaming and bulking of the slur-
ry. The treated supernatant was to be recycled for
use in washing the animal pens. Possible future
methods of treating animal wastes include incinera-
tion, wet oxidation, and disposal at sea. Several
analyses of vegetable washing waste waters are
presented, giving volumes, pH, solids, BOD, COD,
PV. Due to the variable nature of the processes in-
volved in vegetable preparation, the actual degree
of contamination of the waste water cannot be pre-
dicted accurately. Treatment includes minimizing
the quantity of waste water to be treated, and pri-
mary, biological and sludge treatment and disposal.
Primary treatment includes screening and sedimen-
tation. Biological treatment can be by lagoons,
aerated lagoons, oxidation ditches, extended aera-
tion, conventional activated sludge, contact sta-
bilization, spray irrigation, biological filtration, or
high rate filtration. Sludges can be conditioned, de-
watered and disposed at sea or on land. (Makela-
Texas)
0090 - A3
WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
S. A. WitzeT, J. T. Wilke, and F. L. Schmitz.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 11, No 6, 1968, p 883, 886. 3
fig, 1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Nutrients, 'Sampling, Farm
wastes. Weirs, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Water levels, Pollutant identification.
Identifiers: Prediction equations, Wilschwitz sam-
pler. Water stage recorder.
The sampler was developed for the purpose of au-
tomatic collection of water samples from the Hood
runoff of small watersheds. It was intended to be
used for measuring plant nutrient contained in ru-
noff and not for determining suspended sediment
loads. The installation of the Wilschwitz sampler in
conjunction with a weir and water stage recorder
provides an inexpensive means of obtaining runoff
samples at various stages. The unique feature of the
sampler is that it operates without auxiliary power.
Details of the sampler's construction and operation
-------
are given in the article. Data gathered with this
sampler are to be used in developing prediction
equations relating the rates and amounts of runoff
to the plant nutrients lost. If such correlations can
he made, equations may be programmed to esti-
mate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
or other elements that may be anticipated in the
" surface water runoff. < White-Iowa State)
0091 - A5, C3, C5
MOISTURE INCREASES MAM'RE ODORS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering
D.C. Ludington.and A.T. Sabcl
Poultry Digest, September 1070, p 445-446. I fig, 2
tab, 1 pic.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, Air pollution.
Poultry, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Waste dilu-
tion, Chromtography, Organic acids. Pollutant
identification.
Identifiers: Masking agents, Counteractants,
Deodorants. Organoleptic test.
Studies of handling livestock wastes have shown
that increased dilution facilitates faster settling of
manure solids; thus requiring constant agitation for
efficient removal of solids. Despite some apparent
handling advantages of diluted animal wastes, other
considerations such as lack of odor control, quanti-
WASTE CONTROL,
Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst., Ames.
Richard R. Dague, Wayne L. Paulson, and Kenneth
J. Kline. Iowa
State Water Resources Research Institute Report
No. 69-2, Iowa University, 1969. 37 p, 13 fig. 10
tab, 7 ref. OWRR Project A-022-IA.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens,
'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, Lagoons,
Water pollution control. Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Feedlot wastes. Waste management.
The hydrologic factors that require consideration
when designing systems for the control of cattle
feedlot runoff are considered. A discussion of
several methods of controlling feedtot wastes is
presented. Significant conclusions: (I) A signifi-
cant reduction in water pollution from cattle
feedlot run off can be accomplished by employing
relatively simple and inexpensive runoff control
facilities. The size of such facilities can be deter-
mined using established techniques for hydrologic
and water quality analyses; <2) Using procedures
similar to those described herein, it would be possi-
ble for control agencies to establish the minimum
size of runoff control facilities for each region or
major stream basin for each of several possible ulti-
mate runoff disposal practices; and (3) Caution
U of material ,„ be handled, aVaila'b'.iitV'ofTa'ier ih°uld be ?"?*d in, "PP1*!"* the term 'P°Pula;
for dilution, and certain pollution may combine to llon e1ulval«n' to cattle feedlot wastes. Any use of
preclude handling as liquid waste. Odor strengths "" '"*" "" '"' """ "" '""""" "'
of animal manures have been measured using liquid
dilution and vapor dilution. Agitation of liquid
manure causes odors to be released and their
strength to increase rapidly. A combination of ga.s
chrnmotographic and organoleptic techniques
have hecn used to determine the chemical com-
pounds responsible for the offensive odor of accu-
mulated liquid poultry manure. Organoleptic tests
indicate that the organic acids, mercaptans and sul-
fides are especially important malodorous com-
ponents, in addition to the odorous gases ammonia
and hydrogen sulfide. An organoleptic test was
developed for evaluating over 40 commercial odor
control products to use with liquid waste. Masking
agents and Counteractants were found to be the
most effective. The better procedure for con-
trolling air pollution is to prevent the formation of
odors rather than attempt to control. A manure-
handling system that incorporates moisture
removal apparently has some merit. (White-Iowa
State)
0092 - Bl
SEEK DATA IN FEEDLOT RESEARCH.
South Dakota State Univ., Brooking*
South Dakota Farm and Home Research. Vol XXI,
No 2, Spring 1970, p 22-27. 2 tab, 8 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'South Dakota,
'Design criteria. Cattle fertilizers. Biochemical ox-
ygen demand, Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Farm terraces. Population
equivalents, Constituents.
This is a preliminary report of research aimed at
coming up with information that can be used by
livestock producers, governmental agencies and
persons concerned with commercial feedlot design
and construction. Some advantageous conditions
for feedlot expansion in South Dakota are
discussed. Pollution constituents in animal waste
and runoff quantities are considered in malting
some general recommendations as to the design or
layout at a feedlot. Six sketches are utilized in
presenting some do's and don't's in feedlot design.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0093 - A2, B2, C2
HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF
FEEDLOT
the term must consider the fact that the fraction of
the total waste that enters water is extremely varia-
ble from one location to another and is heavily de-
pendent upon the quantity and time variation in
precipitation, the cattle density on the feedlot, and
the topographic characteristics of the lot.
0094 - D4
THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE
COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-
GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology.
R.G.Bell.
Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, Vol
IS, No I, pi 1-16,1970. 5 fig. 2 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Poultry,
Laboratory tests. Odor, Salmonella sp.. Tempera-
ture, Depth, Microorganisms, Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Composting, Corncob mixtures,
Canada, Microbial activity.
The influence of the rate of aeration on 1.5m
colums of composting mixtures of 2 parts poultry
manure and I part ground corncob was in-
vestigated. The results indicate that the optimum
aeration rate for the production of a stable sanitary
compost was 4 liters of air/m2/min for every 10 cm.
of composting material up to a maximum depth of
about 2.4 m. A detailed discussion of the materials,
methods and results is presented. (Christenbury-
Iowa Stale)
0095 - D4
BIO-OXIDATION OF SWINE WASTE BY THE
ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Ronald E. Hermanson. Thamon E. Hazen, and
Howard P. Johnson.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 12, No 3. 1969, p 342-348. 5
fig, 1 tab. 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Activated
sludge, 'Model studies. Anaerobic conditions.
Farm lagoon, Regression analysis. Least squares
method. Biochemical oxygen demand. Aeration,
Settling basins, Nitrogen, Temperature, Effluent,
Dissolved oxygen. Hydrogen ran concentration.
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Extended aeration, BOD-reduction ef-
ficiency, Mixed liquor. Aeration tank, Suspended
solids.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the
extended-aeration, activated-sludge process of
swine waste treatment. Two objectives were: (1) to
develop a mathematical model for the BOD-reduc-
tion efficiency of the process, and (2) to verify the
model and evaluate its coefficients by conducting
experiments with a laboratory-scale plant. The
components of the activated-sludge treatment
plant were as follows: (1) an aeration tank; (2) an
aeration system; (3) a sedimentation tank; and (4)
a mechanism for returning settled activated sludge
to the aeration tank. The experimental model was
comprised of an aeration tank and a sedimentation
tank made of Plexiglas, with two galvanized sheet
metal sedimentation tanks as alternates. Three
capacities were required in the sedimentation sec-
tion to provide suitable detention times over the
range of flow rates used. The following conclusions
resulted from this research. (I) Effluent from an
anaerobic lagoon is sufficiently constant to be a
practical influent substrate for model studies. (2)
Excessive solids loss because of denitriftcation can
be avoided by proper design of the sedimentation
tank, provided the flow rate does not vary widely.
(3) The mathematical model satisfactorily pre-
dicted the BOD-reduction efficiency of an ex-
tended-aeration, activated-sludge plant, ai
evidenced by the reasonably high multiple r2
(0.92) and the low standard error (2.6 percent) of
the experimental regression equation. (4) The
aeration tank of an extended-aeration activated-
sludge plant for the treatment of the effluent from
an anaerobic swine lagoon designed according to
the equation developed. (White-Iowa State)
0096 - AS, A6, C3
IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINE.
MENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE,
Iowa Slate Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
Sineering.
. A. Merkel, T. E. Hazen, and J. R. Miner.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol l2,No3. 1969, p 310-313 and
315. 5 fig, I tab, Href.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Odor, 'Gases,
Confinement pens, Sulfur compounds. Ammonia,
Amino acids, Porteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Or-
ganic acids, Solubility, Hydrogen ion concentra-
tion, Chromatography, Alcohols, Sulfides, Sailing,
Absorption, Condensation, Pollutant identifica-
tion.
Identifiers: Acid-forming, Methane-producing,
Manure storage pit, Amides, Amines, Carbonyls,
listers, Mercaptans.
In addition to the already known fixed gases, CO2,
CO, H2S, NH3, CH4, etc., the environment within
a confinement swine unit was found to contain a
complex mixture of volatile organic intermediates.
These intermediates are important in the charac-
teristic odor resulting from the storage of manure
and are suspected as heing important in animal and
building performance. Consideration of physical as
well as organic, biochemical phenomena indicated
that the important intermediate products of
anaerobic manure decomposition include organic
acids, amines, amides, alcohols, carhonyls and sul-
fides. Qualitative chemical analysis confirmed the
presence of these homologous groups, except for
organic acids that were decomposed upon forma-
tion by the high pH maintained within the manure
storage pit. To identify individual compounds
within the swine environment, concentration of the
volatile gases was required. Selective absorption,
liquid salting and selective condensation were each
used in an effort to separate and concentrate the
homologous series. Once separated, the series were
subjected to chromatographic analysis for separa-
198
-------
tion and identification. Physiological odor in-
vestigations have been conducted to indicate the
important compounds in the specific odors in swine
buildings. Work to date indicates that the major
odor constituents are from the amine and sulfide
groups. Further work is under way to separate
these compounds. (White-Iowa State)
0097 - B2, D4
POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN,
California Univ., Davis. Agricultural Extension
Service.
Robert A. Parsons, Fred Price, and W. C. Fairbank.
Poultry Digest, Vol 29, No 344, p 485-488, Oc-
tober 1970.6 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, * Poultry, 'Lagoons,
•Design criteria, 'Odor, Cleaning, Recirculated
water, Costs, Anaerobic conditions, Anaerobic
bacteris, Aerobic conditions, Aerobic bacteria,
Aeration, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Flushing gutter, Macerated chicken
carcasses;, Floating debris, V-trough, Washout
system, Overload, Malfunctions, Gutter design,
Thiopedea roses.
This paper deals with lagoon design criteria for
poultry manure. A lagoon is a satisfactory means of
poultry manure disposal. The lagoon should be
used only in rural areas that are tolerant of varied
but dilute odors of farm production. Overloading is
about the only cause of lagoon malfunction. Size
requirements, construction, flushing system, and
lagoon operation are discussed. (Christenbury-
lowa State)
0098 - Cl, D4
BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION
DITCH,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
J. A. Moore, R. E. Larson, R. O. Hegg,and E. A.
Allred.
Paper No 7331 in the Scientific Journal Series,
Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; and
Paper No 70-418, American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, July 1970.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Chemical ox-
ygen demand, Biochemical oxygen demand. Ven-
tilation, Rotors, Foaming, Temperature, Hydrogen-
ion concentration, Dissolved oxygen, Nitrogen,
Ammonia, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Beef cattle, Loading
rates, Solids.
The oxidation ditch has been used in Minnesota for
two years for treatment of beef cattle wastes. It has
been operated as a batch system with various load-
ing rates and environmental conditions. Results are
evaluated on the basis of BOD, COS, TS, TVS, pH,
nitrogen, temperature of the waste, and odor and
foam control. Waste management systems are em-
ployed by beef operators to meet certain objec-
tives. These objectives may vary widely depending
on such factors as management, labor require-
ments, climate, size and nature of operation, land
availability, soil type and geologic formation and
population density. No one waste system is best for
all operations. Each system has advantages and dis-
advantages to offer for any given operation. The
oxidation ditch offers the following characteristics:
very low odor level, waste storage eliminates ru-
noff, volume reduction of solids, reduction of pol-
lution strength, concentration of some elements,
necessity of continuous operation, one of more ex-
pensive treatment systems, and a buildup of solids
oh the bottom. Based on the results obtained from
21/2 years of research the authors feel that the ox-
idation ditch does have a place in treating beef cat-
tle waste from confinement operations. (White-
Iowa State)
0099 - D4
REMOVAL OF NITRATE BY AN ALGAL
SYSTEM,
California State Depl. of Water Resources,
Fresno. San Joaquin District.
Randall L. Brown. En-
vironmental Protection Agency - Water Quality
Office, Water Pollution Control Research Series,
April, 1971, 132 p, 58 fig, 27 tab, 59 ref. EPA Pro-
gram 13030 ELY.
Descriptors: Agricultural wastes, Water pollution
control, 'Biological treatment, 'Nitrates, Treat-
ment facilities, Algae, 'Waste water treatment,
'Algal control, 'Aquatic weed control, California.
Identifiers: 'Algae stripping, Scenedesmus, Algal
growth. Algal harvesting, 'San Joaquin Valley
(Calif).
An algal system consisting of algae growth, har-
vesting and disposal was evaluated as a possible
means of removing nitrate-nitrogen from subsur-
face agricultural drainage in the San Joaquin Val-
ley of California. The study of this assimilatory
nitrogen removal process was initiated to deter-
mine optimum conditions for growth of the algal
biomass, seasonal variations in assimilation rates,
and methods of harvesting and disposal of the
algal product. A secondary objective of the study
was to obtain preliminary cost estimates and
process design. The growth studies showed that
about 75 to 90 percent of the 20 mg/1 influent
nitrogen was assimilated by shallow (12-inch cul-
ture depth) algal cultures receiving 2 to 3 mg/1 ad-
ditional iron and phosphorus and a mixture of 5
percent CO2. Theoretical hydraulic detention
times required for these assimilation rates varied
from 5 to 16 days, depending on the time of the
year. The total nitrogen removal by the algal
system, assuming 95 percent removal of the algal
cells, ranged from 70 to 85 percent of the influent
nitrogen. The most economical and effective algal
harvesting system tested was flocculation and
sedimentation followed by filtration of the sedi-
ment. The algal cake from the vacuum filter, con-
taining about 20 percent solids, was then air- or
flash-dried to about 90 percent solids. The market
value for this product as a protein supplement was
estimated to be about S80 to $100 per ton. Miner-
Iowa State)
0100 - A3, A4, Bl, Cl, E2
ANIMAL WASTE UTILIZATION FOR POLLU-
TION ABATEMENT,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
O. E. Cross, A. P. Mazurak, and L. Chesnin.
Preprint, presented at American Society of
Agricultural Engineers 1971 Winter Meeting
Chicago, Illinois, December 7-10, 1971, Paper no
71-906.23 p, 8 fig, 9 ref. OWRR B-003-NEB (3).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Rates of ap-
plication, "Furrow irrigation, Surface runoff,
Groundwatcr movement. Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium, Electrical conductivity, Crop
response, Nutrients, Percolation. Sudangrass,
'Path of pollutants, Pollution abatement.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot wastes, Runoff losses. Sur-
face runoff pollution.
Beef feedlot manure was applied to plots at levels
of 0,40,120 and 260 tons dry matter per acre. The
manure was disk plowed into the soil at 4, 8, and
12 inch depths. A sorghum-sudan forage was
seeded at three plant populations, a 'low,' 'medi-
um,' and 'high' density and was furrow irrigated
according to standard irrigation techniques. Data
was documented as to: pollutional potential of sur-
face runoff water, pollutional contribution to un-
derground water supply, physical and chemical
changes in the soil, irrigation techniques, and crop
response. The conclusions are the result of one
year's test. Nitrogen and sodium displacement did
not pollute the surface runoff water. The transport
of potassium restricted the runoff to irrigation
uses only. However, the underground water was
not affected by the plots and retained its potable
quality. Additional information is required to
establish irrigation techniques; however, to date
conclusions are: (1) the initial intake rate of water
into the soil increases as higher manure loadings
are applied, (2) the basic intake rate is higher on
areas plowed 8 inches deep as compared to areas
plowed 4 or 12 inches deep, and (3) the basic in-
take rate increases with tune elapse after applica-
tion. The application of manure increased the crop
yield with the exception of the 260 ton application.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0101 - B3, E3
MANURE MANAGEMENT • COSTS AND
PRODUCT FORMS,
Los Angeles County Agricultural Extension Ser-
vice, Calif.
J. Van Dam, and C. A. Perry.
California Agriculture, Vol 22, No 12, December
I968,p 12-13.2tab.2fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Marketing,
'Costs, Volume, Profit, Management.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Processing plant.
Stockpiles, Packaging, Bulk, Pulverizer, Product
forms, Delivery, Removal.
A study to determine the actual cost of removal
and disposal of manure from a beef feedlot in Los
Angeles County was completed by the Agricultural
Extension Service. Manure was prepared for mar-
keting in three basic forms and sold under four
pricing conditions. Manure processing, packaging
and marketing began with the mounding of the
manure in the corrals followed by its removal to a
compost stockpile. Manure was allowed to cure in
a compost pile at least six months before
processing. The manure could then be marketed
unprocessed as composted manure; marketed
processed as composted bulk; and marketed
processed as composted packaged manure. The
combined fixed and variable costs per cubic yard
amounted to IO.S cents for the unprocessed
product, 65 cents for the processed bulk and $1.88
for the packaged processed form. The weighted
average price received per cubic yard was J 3.80 for
the packaged, $2.40 for the processed bulk, and
$1.40 for the unprocessed bulk manure. A
livestock feedlot operator can probably make a
profit from the sale of manure. (White-Iowa State)
0102 - Al. Bl. F2
POLLUTION CONTROL • FEEDLOT OPERA-
TIONS.
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
J. R. Miner, E. R. Baumann, T. L. W illrich, and T.
E. Hazen.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol 42, No 3. p 391 -398, March 1970. 1 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Pollution abatement.
Waste disposal. Reservoirs, Waste treatment. Cat-
tle, Sewage treatment. Farm wastes. Iowa, Hogs,
Poultry.
Identifiers: • Feedlot, Population equivalent.
The increase in labor cost and a shortage of person-
nel has caused an increase in feedlot population.
The result has been a concentration of livestock
waste level. Techniques of feedlot waste systems
design are reported, and methods of collecting and
disposing of the waste are discussed. These cattle,
swine, and poultry feedlot operations are similar.
Types of flooring and methods of cleaning are
discussed. Treatment and disposal of the waste are
commented on, including tank storage and hauling,
anaerobic lagoons, aerobic lagoons, surface irriga-
tion systems and oxidation ditches. The limiting
factors of various treatments in relation to feedlot
waste are reported. Zoning regulations are sug-
gested as a partial solution to nuisance complaints
which are generated by concentration of livestock
in feedlots. (Hancuff-Texas)
199
-------
0103 - A6, C2
NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE
WATER BY ABSORPTION OF AMMONIA
VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo.
Soil and Water Conservation Research Div.
G. L. Hutchinson, and F. G. Viets, Jr.
Science, Vol l66,No39Q4,p514-5l5,Oct 1969. I
fig, ltab,6ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Surface water, * Absorp-
tion, 'Ammonia, Eutrophication, Water pollution
sources, Nitrogen compounds, Nutrient cycling,
Fertilization, Colorado, Precipitation (Atmospher-
ic), Lakes, Streams.
Identifiers: 'Nitrogen pollution, 'Cattle feedlots,
Seeley Lake (Colo), Nitrogen (Total), Nitrogen
(Inorganic), Nitrogen enrichment; ,,,'. ...
A method is described for estimating nitrogen *H-'
richment of surface waters resulting from
volatilization of ammonia from cattle feedlots and
its subsequent absorption into lakes and streams.
Rates of ammonia absorption into dilute sulfuric
acid (0.01 normal) measured near feedlots were as
much as 20-fold greater than controls; estimated
annual absorption (in kilograms/hectare) of 73 at
site about 0.4 kilometers west of 90,000-unit
feedlot can be compared with 3.9 at control site
with no feedlots or irrigated fields within 3 milome-
ters and no targe feedlots or cities within 15
kilometers. Ammonia absorbed by surfaces of
natural waters are apparently about half that esti-
mated by method described. That a large feedlot
can enhance nitrogen enrichment of aqueous sur-
faces at some distances is suggested by evidence
that a fivefold increase in distance from a feedlot
decreased mean ammonia absorption rate by ap-
proximately one-half. Absorption rates from
smaller lots were approximately 25% of large one,
but above fourfold greater than control. Authors
believe that wide fluctuations in ammonia absorp-
tion rates reflect the moistness of feedlot surfaces,
rapid drying enhancing volatilization and absorp-
tion. Authors conclude that such feedlots are sub-
stantial sources of'nitrogen pollution for nearby
surface waters. (Eicbhorn-WiSconsin)
0104 - A2
MODELING FEEDLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering; and Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
J R. Miner,R.I. tipper,and L. E. Ertckson.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 10, No 4, p 497-
501.1967.5 tab. 8 fig, 7 jef. .
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Chemical
oxygen demand, 'Model-studies, Cattle. Water
pollution, Hydraulic models, Discharge, Depres-
sion storage, Hydrognurtis, Hydrology, Rainfall in-
tensity. Simulated rainfall.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot. ?Stirred tank with,injection
model, Concentration, Nonsurfaced lot, Concrete-
surfaced lot, Soil Cover complex number.
Most emphasis of this paper was on quality aspects
of feedlot runoff; however a brief discussion of
possible hydraulic models is given. Three concen-
tration models are described and their ability to
predict feedlot runoff water quality is shown. The
three are, the stirred tank concentration model,
stirred tank with injection concentration model,
and the series-stirred tanks with injection concen-
tration model. The three concentration models
provided progressively better data representation
as their complexity increased. Two experimental
cattle feedlots especially designed for runoff in-
vestigation were used in the study. Associated with
the feedloti were rainfall simulation and measuring
equipment, and runoff measuring and proportional
sampling facilities. One lot was concrete surfaced,
the other had concrete only around feed bunks.
Tempered by good judgement, feedlot models can
be used to help predict organic concentration of ru-
noff from a feedlot. When an improved hydraulic
model is developed, it can be combined with either
of the single, stirred tanks to provide a single
feedlot model to predict overall water-pollution
potential. (White-Iowa State)
AMMONIA M&'AMwte: COMPONENTS OF
SWINE-BUIUPING ODOR,
Iowa State Univ.. Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
I R. Miner, and T. E. Hazen.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 6,1969. 3 p.
Descriptors; "Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Odors, 'Am-
monia, Atmosphere, Anerobtc digestion, Proteins,
Anino acids. Isolation. Cbetnicalpropertiei,.Den-
sity, Physical properties. Absorption, Chromatog-
raphy, • • •:.•.;,'.•••,• ••'•,• • •• ••'..•'•
. Identifiers: "Amines, »0dor thresholds, Concen-
tration, Boiling points. Dissociation constants, De-
tection, Animal chambers.
This paper represents another step in defining the
atmosphere wrthin the swine confinement building.
Ammonia: and the closely related amines are
known to be produced during the decomposition of
both animal and vegetable proteins. Research work
involving gases over decomposing manure indicate
amines, ammonia and sulfur containing compounds
are probably important constituents of the swine
odor. The paper outlines the formation of ammonia
and amines, and gives threshold odor levels for
them in air. Physical and chemical properties of the
different amines are given as well as methods of
isolation and detection. Experimental data was
taken from two animal chambers which provided
substantial control over environmental conditions.
The measured concentrations of ammonia were
less than the threshold odor levels, indicating one
of two explanations must be true; (a) Ammonia is
not an important component of the hog house odor
or (b) the odor producers are additive in effect and
ammonia can be perceived at concentrations below
its threshold when combined with other odorous
compounds. Chromatographic analysis was used
for detection of the different amines. (White-Iowa
State)
0106 - D4
OXIDATION DITCHES FOR WASTE
DISPOSAL,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering. .
Donald L. Day.
International Journal Of Farm Building Resources,
No 2;December 3,19$8, p 2-7.9 frg, 9 ret,
Descriptors:''Farm Wastes, 'Hogs, 'Biochemical
oxygen demand, ''Rotors, Foaming, Sludge, Ef-
fluent, Odors,Carbon dioxide,Oxyjen, Depth, Dis-
solved oxygen, Electric. power, Electric power
costs. Volume, Velocity,-
Identifiers; 'Oxidation ditch,' Population
equivalent, Suspended solids, Slatted floors, Ex-
tended aeration.
The oxidation ditch is an efficient low-cost process
for the treatment of municipal waste. It has several
aspects that . •
In this drying system droppings are removed at a
very low moisture level, cutting weight of material
to be handled by two-thirds. Eight 3000-cfm circu-
lating fans ar* mounted about 22 ft, apart directly
below 2 tines of water troughs that run the full
length of the house. Fans are about 10 in. above the
manure; air velocities over the droppings are about
250 to 750 fpm. A spike-tooth harrow is pulled
daily through the accumulating droppings to stir
them and to draw partially dried droppings into the
high-velocity airstream. From the pit the droppings
go either to truck or manure spreader or to a ham-
mermill to be finely ground and bagged. The
amount of water .removed daily to prevent excess
humidity and to dry the manure .ranged from 6-9
gallons per hour. These results are from a dock of
3246 pullets and cockerels at 22 weeks in a 30-ft.
by 100-ft, environment-controlled laving house.
(White-Iowa State I
0108 - C4, C5
EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER
EXCRETA, ' . ' • ' .'.'"'
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept of Agricultural
Engineering.
K. C. Mills, B. F. Parker, and L J. Ross,
Transaction! of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 1, 1969, p
I33.2ref. - . ••• •• r
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Biochemical
oxygen demand, Feeds, Silage, Drains, Pastures.
Oxidation, Aerobic treatment. Sampling, Testing.
Identifiers: 'Feed composition, Steers, Alsterbere
modification, Winkter method. : *
The objective of the study on which the nape/ is
based was to determine some of lh« effects of
animal-feed composition of the rate of aerobic
breakdown of animal waste. If differences in fate of
aerobic breakdown occur because of feed compoti- •
tion, these differences should be proven by con-
ducting biochemical o*ygen demand tests on the
wastes from snimals on different feed. Thus excreta
for BOD tests wen obtained from three groups of.
steers being fed on all grain, grain and siUce, and
on pasture, The data for the pasture- had much
greater variability from week to week. Data on alt
tests are available in the original thesis and ASAE
paper No. 67-930. If was concluded that the com-
position of animal feed will change the biochemical
oxygen demand of animal excreta. This fact should
be considered when designing aerobic systems for
treating animal wastes. (White-Iowa State)
0109 - B3, C5
SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE,
Georgia Univ., Athens.
O.W.Charles.
Georgia Poultry Tips, August 1; 1970. Poultry
Digest, September 1 970, p 43 1 .
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Moisture
200
-------
content, Water consumption, Strain, Salts, Car-
bohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Water pollution
sources.
Identifiers: 'Ration, Water intake, Uric acid.
Excessive moisture in poultry manure may be due
to a number of factors, among which is a tendency
for certain strains of birds to produce higher per-
centage of moisture in the fecal material than other
strains. Water represents by far the largest portion
of fresh poultry manure. Reports of several
researchers are cited as to moisture content and
differences in strain. It was found that moisture
content of the droppings of low water consuming
strains was only 50%, while moisture content of
droppings in the high water consuming strain
reached 71%. Excessive amounts of salt and a con-
cept of balance in the ration are also discussed as
causes of excessive moisture. (White-Iowa State)
0110 - C4
ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM
RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY
LITTER CULTURED IN ENRICHMENT MEDIA
INCUBATED AT ELEVATED TEMPERA-
TURES,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences.
C. F. Smyser.G. H. Snoeyenbos, and Barbara
McKic.
Avian Diseases, Vol 14, No 2, 1970, p 248-254, 6
tab, 13 ref. US Public Health Service Grant UI
00159-05.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Salmonella, 'Incubation,
Farm wastes. Isolation, Temperature, Hydrogen
ion concentration, Indicators.
Identifiers: 'Enrichment media. Poultry litter,
Rendered bynproducts. Plating medium.
Three enrichment media incubated at 42 plus or
minus 1C were compared for isolating Salmonellae
from rendered animal and marine by-products, and
two of the media were compared for poultry litter.
Salmonellae were recovered from 317 of the 755
rendered samples and from 203 of the 235 litter
samples examined. Selenite brilliant-green
sulfapyridiae (SBC sulfa), dulcitol selenite
uilfapyridine (OSES), and tetrathionate brilliant-
green (TBO) were equally effective. Each en-
richment incubated at the elevated temperature
was significantly more effective than TBG incu-
bated at 37C for isolating Salmonellae from fish
meal. Essentially no difference was noted between
brilliant-green (BG) agar and brilliant-green
sulfadiazine (BGS) agar as a plating medium. The
pH of the enrichment media at the termination of
incubation could not be used as an indicator of the
presence or absence of Salmonellae. (White-Iowa
State)
0111 - A5, D2
UNDER-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM
SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS,
Cloitterdale Farms, Ephrata, Pa.
Glenn H.Herr.
Farm Service Bulletin, July-August, 1970. Poultry
Digest, Vol 29, No 344, p 476-479, October 1970.
4 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odors,
•Aeration, 'Disposal, Economics, Aerobic condi-
tions. Forced drying, Liquid wastes. Drying,
Lagoons, Anaerobic bacteria, Costs, Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Stirring, Odor-causing bacteria. Semi-
dry manure.
This paper deals with the problems and their solu-
tions encountered by a commercial poultry farm
with odors and waste management. The various
systems that were tried unsuccessfully are
discussed. Their solution was one developed by Dr.
Glenn Bressler and co-workers at Pennsylvania
State University for drying the manure. The system
employs a stirring device and forced air to keep the
manure aerobic. The manure is dried to one-third
its original weight which has eliminated many of
their disposal problems. The cost of the system is
discussed. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0112 - F4
CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE
DISPOSAL,
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lon-
don (England).
C.T.Riley.
Water Pollution Control, Vol 69, No 2, p 174-179
February 1970.3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Animal wastes, 'Farm wastes. Cattle,
Hogs, Poultry, Odor.
Identifier!: 'Manure. 'Populationequivalents.
Much emphasis has been placed on farm waste
disposal in the past five years. Reasons for this in-
clude the increased size of livestock units, nearness
of units to consumers, recent legislation on river
pollution control and. water resources, and reaction
from the public and farm workers to flies and odor
associated with animal wastes. In 1967, the total
volume of excreta produced by livestock in the
'United Kingdom was 121 million tons, with a popu-
lation equivalent of 136 million. Much of this
excreta is spread on the land by ranging animals.
The remainder must undergo some form of disposal
by man. The wastes can be handled in any of four
basic methods. (1) as a solid, it is stored and spread
on land once or twice a year. (2) as a semi-solid, it
is spread daily. (3) as a slurry, it is handled by
vacuum tanker, stored, and spread. (4) as a liquid.
it is washed by water to a storage tank and spread
by spray irrigation. The trend is toward solid or
semi-solid handling. Factors affecting disposal
method include land availability, land area, volum
of excreta, soil type, crops to be grown, and cli-
matic conditions, especially rainfall. More empha-
sis is now placed on planning of waste disposal be-
fore starting farm projects. Odors can be
eliminated by aeration of wastes in the tanker be-
fore spreading or spraying on the land. (Makela-
Texas)
0113 - Bl
LOCATING A POULTRY ENTERPRISE,
Illinois Univ., Urbana.
,S. F. Ridlen, and Hugh S. Johnson.
Illinois Monthly Poultry Suggestions, July 1970
Poultry Digest, Vol 29, No 344, p 495-496. Oc-
tober 1970.
Descriptors: 'Locating, Farm wastes, 'Poultry
Eggs, Water pollution control. '
Identifiers: 'Enterprise, Neighbor problems.
The chief characteristics that should be evaluated
in selecting the location of a poultry enterprise are
discussed. These include land cost, tax rate, water
supply and topography; electricity, labor, feed
supply and transportation should be considered;
human population, zoning, acceptance of poultry
by local people and relationship to market are im-
portant. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0114 - Al, Bl. Fl, F4
SWINE MANURE1- LIABILITY OR ASSET.
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind »»«•••
David H. Bache.
Paper presented at the American Pork Conference,
°me8> "' March 3' 4' and 5- I97°- "3 £
Poultry, Lagoons, Odor, Oxidation, Legislation.
Identifiera: 'Ansel*. 'Liability. Slutted (loom. Land
disposal, Innovators penally. Pollution abatement
grants.
Swine manure ii a very modest asset on crop farms
and it can be a major liability on those production
units with no crop land base. A literature and
research review gives cost* and economic value of
different manure treatment systems through the
past ten or fifteen years. Conclusions reached in-
clude: there » no waste disposal problem with a
pasture iy»tem, there is no economically feasible
alternative to the spreading of solid manures,
smaller swine production units will probably find
that lagoon disposal is the optimum technique for
handling hog wastes, and larger production units
will be shifting to the use of slatted-floors, under
floor manure forage, and liquid disposal systems.
Public concern and legislation is discussed. (White-
Iowa State)
0115 - F4
MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St.
Joseph, Mich. _
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, May 1966, 161 p. Michigan
State University, ASAE Publication No. SP-0366.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Management, 'Public
health, 'Water pollution sources, 'Livestock,
•Waste disposal, 'Slurries, 'Lagoons, 'Biological
treatment, Waste storage. Physical properties,
Odor, Distribution systems, Irrigation, Labor, En-
vironmental sanitation, Sludge treatment, Incinera-
tion, Feeds.
Id ^tifiers: Feedlot runoff. Production, High densi-
ty systems. Handling, Slatted floors. Materials,
Handling, Liquid manure, Equipment design,
Waste management, Oxidation ditches, Compost-
ing, Kjeldahl nitrogen, Coprophagy.
The National Symposium on Animal Waste
Management had three main objectives: (1) To
delineate the problem of managing animal waste,
(2) To evaluate our current technology in the
management of our farm wastes (technology in the
farm waste management was divided into methods
of handling, treatment, utilization, and disposal)
and (3) To stimulate and give new direction to fu-
jture research in solid wastes management. Fifty-
;one papers were presented representing eighty-
nine professionals - from industry, campus and
government; from manufacturing, research, exten-
sion and regulatory agencies; as animal scientists,
bacteriologists, economists, engineers, and sanitari-
ans. The last three pages of the publication are
devoted to ASAE recommendation (ASAE R292):
Uniform Terminology for Rural Waste Manage-
ment. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0116 - C2, C3, C4
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOG-
OF FARM WAS™
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
S. A. Witxel. E. McCoy. L. B. Polkowski.O. J.
Attoe, and M.S. Nichols.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP-
1 10 tebi " ref USDI No
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Waste disposal, 'Cat-
tle, 'Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical ox-
ygen demand, Anaerobic conditions, Aerobic con-
ditions, Hydrogen ion concentration.
Identifiers: 'Lagoon flora, 'Population
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Economics 'Cn««
Water pollution, Ai, pollution. Confinement £ ,'
Storage capac.ty, Fertilizers, Swine. Cattle;
Thi, report characterizes pollutants derived from
farm animal (Bom) waste. Wastes were collected
from dairy bulb, dairy cows, and beef cattle The
20]
-------
wastes were analyzed for volume, impended lolidi,
percent BOD and COD. Further analysis show the
effects of treating manure on yield and recovery of
N, P, and K by corn plants. The data indicate that
high concentration! of bacteria (dead or alive),
volatile solids, BOD and COD are found in waite
from bovine animali. The itudy indicated that
reduction by lagoon retention, settling, aerobic or
anaerobic digestion docs not remove sufficient
amounts of volatile solids, BOD and COD to pro-
vide safe effluent for disposal in streams. Indica-
tions are that liquid manure handling by farmers
may be the most feasible approach for waste
disposal. (See also W7I-01992). (Christenbury-
lowa State)
0117 - Cl, F5
DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE,
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla.
Graver L. Morris.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 15-
18.6tab,6ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Coliforms,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical analysis.
Identifiers: 'Evisceration, Long Islands ducks.
Waste loads.
Objectives of the study were (a) to measure and
evaluate duck processing plant waste loads and (b)
to observe plant operations for possible reduction
in total water use by redistribution or by reuse of
certain waters presently discharged to watte after
one use, or by a combination of redistribution and
reuse. Study of two duck-processing plants located
on Long bland provides data pertaining to water
use, waste loads, and general operation. The
finished product is a high-quality duck of con-
siderable delicacy. Water UK in duck-processing
plants seems high when compared with water used
in chicken processing. Means of reducing the
amount of water used are discussed.
(Chriitenbury-Iowa State)
0118 - A7, A9, C4
HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL
ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES,
Public Health Service.
W. M. Decker,and J. H. Steele.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 18-
20. I2ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Zoonoses, 'Salmonel-
la, 'Mycobacterium, 'Diseases, Water pollution
sources. Public health.
Identifiers: 'Pathogenic organisms, Brucella, Lep-
tospira.
The diseases contracted by man from animals are
discussed. Q fever, Anthrax, Salmonellosis, Tu-
berculosis, Brucellosis, and Leptospirosis are the
major diseases examined. The source of the disease
and the means by which man contracts the diseases
are presented. Other pathogenic organisms arising
from animals are mentioned.
(Christenfaury-Iowa State)
0119 - A«
BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES,
California Univ., Berkeley.
John R. Anderson.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management. ASAE Publication No. SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 20-
23.35 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Domestic wastes.
Confinement pens. Livestock.
Identifiers: * Filth flies, 'Livestock-husbandry
operations, 'Fly populations. Livestock production
methods. High-density confinement.
This report discusses the effects on fly populations
as affected by changes in livestock production
methods. Field research has indicated that the
foremost cause for the prodigious number of flies
today is the recent widespread occurence of low-
area, high-density concentrations of animals in all
phases of livestock-husbandry operations.
Although recent changes in livestock husbandry
have created serious fly problems, the possibilities
for constructively managing manure to avoid or
reduce the production of flies under today's tow-
area, high-density confinement of animals appear
much better than with previous technologies.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0120 - A2, C2, C3, C4
STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE
FEEDLOTS,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
J. R. Miner, L. R. Fina, J. W. Funk, R. I. Lippei,
and O. H. Larson.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 23-
27.8 tab, 9 fig, Href.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Detention reser-
voirs, 'Farm waste, Waste storage, Nitrogen com-
pounds. Organic waste, Rainfall intensity,
Conforms, Streptococcus, Chemical oxygen de-
mand. Bacteria.
Identifiers: Rainfall duration, Feedlot runoff, Bac-
teriological activity, Kjeldahl nitrogen. Pollution
potential.
Runoff characteristics from two experimental cat-
tle feedlots were studied. Runoff was high-strength
organic waste containing large quantities of
nitrogenous compounds. The nitrogenous matter
was being transformed continuously by bac-
teriological activity. More organic matter and Kjel-
dahl nitrogen were found in the runoff (a) with
low-intensity rainfall, (b) with moist conditions
preceding rainfall, and (c) during warm weather.
Cattle feedlot runoff was a concentrated source of
bacteria that normally are used to characterize
water quality. Hydrologic characteristics of feedlot
waste contribute to their stream-pollution poten-
tial. A detention pond seems feasible to prevent
some of the slugging nature of the material. Divert-
ing all rainfall not falling directly on the feedlot sur-
face around the entire facility and maintaining lots
so their litter remains as dry as possible were help-
ful in minimizing stream pollution potential.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0121 - C2
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL
MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.T.Sobel.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 27-
32. Stab, 8 fig, Href.
Descriptors: 'Physical properties, Bulk density,
•Farm wastes, Liquid wastes, Particle size,
•Poultry, 'Cattle.
Identifier*: Volatile solids, Fixed solids, 'Flowabili-
ty, Freezing point, 'Production.
This paper is concerned with various physical pro-
perties of chicken and dairy cow manure that have
a relationship to handling. The properties are con-
sidered mainly from the standpoint of both fresh
and diluted manure. The information reported was
obtained from analysis concerned with the physical
properties of animal manures and represents a sum-
mary of those properties which are specifically re-
lated to handling, These properties are: (a) basic
physical composition, (b) particle density and bulk
density, (c) production, (d) particle size and dis-
tribution, (e) dilution, (f) settling rate, (g)
suspended and dissolved solids, (h) flowability, and
(!) freezing point.'(Christenbury-IowaState)
0122 - Bl, Cl, Dl
METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE
MATERIAL,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Poultry
Science.
C. E. Ostrander.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management. ASAE Publication No SP-
0366. Michigan State University, May 1966. p 32-
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastes, Waste
storage, Waste disposal, Odors.
Identifiers: 'Handling, High-density systems.
Processing, Methods, Collecting.
This paper reports on manure handling methods
employed in high-density poultry operations.
Operations include: collecting, removal, storing,
loading, spreading, processing and disposal. (See
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0123 - B2, C2. Fl
PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
fineering. ?
. A. Hart, J. A. Moore, and W. F. Hale.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 34-
38. 22 fig, 2 tab, 5 ref. Public Health Research
Grant EF-265.
Descriptors: 'Pump testing, 'Slurries, 'Farm
wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Performance, Waste
dilution. Efficiencies, Centrifugal pumps.
Identifiers: Handling, Capacity, Positive displace-
ment. Diaphragm, Input horsepower. Selection
criteria.
The purpose of this report was to analyze the per-
formance characteristics of the different kinds of
pumps under various conditions. Five pumps,
representing centrifugal, positive displacement.
and diaphragm types were tested. A pump was al-
ways tested with water first. Fresh manure was then
mixed with the water to form a slurry. This was
kept well mixed both by recirculation by the pump
and by continuous mixing of the storage tank.
Some 300 individual runs were made in testing the
five pumps with three manures at various speeds.
Dilution was more important than kind of pump,
thin slurries being most satisfactory. Practical and
economic conditions are discussed .relating to
pump selection, (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0124 - B2. C2
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND
DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, Pa.
Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
E. A. Myej*.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 38-
41.1 tab, 2 fig, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Sprinkling, 'Distribution systems,
'Sewage disposal. Farm wastes, Freezing, Winter,
Distribution Patterns.
Identifiers: Deflector stationary sprinklers. Year-
round irrigation.
This paper presents some of the problems encoun-
-------
tered which may be considered in the design, instal-
lation, and operation of irrigation syitemi for
animal-waste disposal. The system used to dis-
tribute waste water at Penn State is first explained
briefly. Then the problems encountered are
discussed under the headings: pumping, pipe
system, and irrigation heads.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0125 - Bl. C2 '
SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE
FEEDLOTS,
California Univ., Davis,
S. R. Morrison, V. E. Mendel, andT. E. Bond
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Wane Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Farm mutet. ConflMaunt
pens. Performance, Disposal. -"••"•
identifiers: 'Slatted floor, 'Sloping floor
•Feedloti, Weight gain*, Cattle behavior. Feed em-
Limited test! on doping floors for cattle fetdlot* in-
dicate that slope* up to 7 deg do Mot depreu weight
gains or feed efficiency. A slope of about 3 deg is
sufficient for removal of most of the manure but
unless some flushing arrangement ii employed
manure will build up near the feed bunk Stalls'
have little value in preventing thii build-up A slat-
I0:*"?.'!"th,!.i?.w!!.!?d.of *• ** *"ow*
Descriptors: Cattle, 'Farm wastes, 'Farm manage-
ment, Project planning, Environmental sanitation.
identifier*: Loafing ihedi. Liquid manure, »Health
authorities, Alleyways, Holding tanks.
Stall housing, an acceptable practice, produces
manure which require! special handling. The
method of handling and disposing of manure in a
sanitary manner depends on climatic conditions
and management practices. Disposal of animal
wastfi is par! of the livestock enterprise and should
be charged to thii operation. As animals and peo-
ple get closer together in heavily populated areas,
disposal of animal wastes in a sanitary manner
becomes increasingly important. Close working
relationships with state health departments ii ei*
•entjaj. Additions) reuarch U needed concerning
contamln»tion of underground
for processing beef
atiwl «q«'pn>ent for
Urge hoUbi: tanks. (Christenbury.lowa State)
0128 - El
°F DEAD
of Agricultural En-
D*vi|'
flneering.
J. A. Moore, and W. C. Falrbank.
National Symposium on Animal
ASAE Publication No SP-
49 "jiiaTT" ""*" '""y^ Mty 19M- p47-
0126 - B3
MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABOR IN
FREE-STALL AND LOOSE HOUSING,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind.
W. E. Schmisseur.C. M. Brown. Jr., J. L. Albright,
W. M. Dillon, and A. C. Dale.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. p 43-
45. 3 tab, 17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Disposal,
Labor.
Identifiers: 'Materials handling, 'Free-Hall,
* Loose housing. Bedding. .
In the winter and spring of 1964-65 Purdue Univer-
sity conducted two 6-month studies in Lafayette
and Cuzco, Indiana, comparing free-stall to loose
housing. For one free-stall comparison, 20 stalls
were place in one-third of the area of each of two
pole-type barns. The remaining areas were used for
loose housing. Ninety cows were divided Into four
individual lots. Each free-stall unit housed. 20 cows,
with 25 cows in loose housing. All four lots were
treated and handled similarly. Straw was used as
bedding. Daily work sheets showing time used to
bed the cows, scrape alleys, pounds of bedding
used, and the pounds of manure removed daily
were kept on all groups. Two pole-type barns were
also used in the other free-stall comparison. One
barn was used for loose housing; the other con-
tained 32 free stalls; 26 animals were housed in
each barn. Sawdust was used to bed all animals for
half of the experiment; straw was used for the rest
of the experiment. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0127 - Bl, Dl, El
CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND
DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
E. H. Davis.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 45-
The de
v«ti«H< "!«* of *• Pr««">'nary in-
vestigation hi the final design of the second
chopper.type macerator ha. lid to the develop?
Sv^».fna*l*tllf?Ct?tl dead-blrd ">»««tor
%2? /or **t>oni of the macerated poultry are
duMussed and evaluated. Slurry system^ lagoon.
heated sepnc twks. artificial combing and Ulin
0129 - C2
Station. Dept. of
'-"D. Malik, and Ramon
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366. Michigan State University. Mav I Qfifi n 40
51.10 tab. i»uu,p*»-
Waste
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, '
For many poultry operations, attempts to solve the
Can «
concentrating on methods of obtaining
•- •"• droppings to a manageable level
FURROW-COVER METHOD,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J
Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 52-
53. I tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Waste
diiposal. Odor, Slurries, Furrows. Soil disposal
fields.
Identifiers: 'Waste management, 'Plow cover.
Liquid manure, Flies.
The diipoial of liquid manure by the plow-furrow-
cover technique appears to be an excellent conser-
vation method. The upper soil layer is used as the
disposal medium; there is no opportunity for flies to
breed or even feed. In a closed handling tyitem
there are no detectable odors. With this method
from 1 to 2 in. of slurry is deposited in a plowed fur-
row 6 to 8 in. deep. Immediately after deposition, a
single-bottom plow covers the manure, making the
next furrow; this can be done in one or two opera-
tions. Depositing and completely covering 2 in. of
ilurry, equivalent to 225 tons per acre, hai been
very successful. This paper describes the develop.
ment of the method, the initial disposal programi.
and the proposed experimental program to deter-
mine the maximum rate of disposal on a limited
land area. (Christenbury- Iowa State)
0131 - E2
DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE
SOIL,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale; and Ohio
State Univ.. Columbus.
J. H. Jones, and O. S. Taylor.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 53-
55.1 tab. 2 fig, 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Septic tanks, 'Sewage
disposal, 'Conductivity, Soil diiposal fields,
Sewers, Construction, Absorption, Rural areas.
Identifier!: 'Soil absorption, 'Soil clogging,
Household wastes.
Generally the most satisfactory method of dispos-
ing of human excreta and household wastes in rural
areas is the septic tank soil sbsorption system.
While studies show that this is a safe system of
household wastes disposal, many systems are mal-
functioning; a high percentage of these failures is
due to soil absorption difficulties. Thus the utility
of the system depends on the size of the absorption
field, the waste load, soil conditions, and the con-
struction and installation of the absorption field.
This paper discussed the criteria that should be
used when designing a septic-tank system. The fac-
tors affecting the satisfactory operation of the
system are presented. Construction and installation
practices are examined. Conditions affecting soil
clogging are presented along with conductivity vs
cumulative outflow graphs.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0132 - C4, D4
REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL REDUC-
TION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Bac-
teriology.
Edward C. Berry.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
e ASAE p«W'cation No SP-
University- May 1966> p 56-
0130 - £2
DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLOW-
Descriptors: .Farm wastes, 'Lagoons
•B,odegradation, 'Sewage bacteria Odor, ASaero-'
b.c condrtions. Aerobic conditions. E. coli Bac
203
-------
teria, Fungi, Aclinomycetes, Protozoa, Algae.
Identifiers: 'Chemical environment, 'Physical en-
vironment, Phage, Fermentor, Facultative,
Microaerophilic, Inoculation.
The cardinal principle on which all sanitation
reduction work is based is to provide an environ-
ment in which the micro-organisms can bring about
conversion of undesirable material to a non-offen-
sive and stable state in the shortest possible time.
To bring this about it is necessary to consider (a)
the wastes we want reduced and their end products
and (b) the organisms that we want to perform this
chore for us. The micro-organisms involved _ in
manure reduction are to be found in the following
groups: (a) bacteria (aerobic, anaerobic,
microaerophilic, facultative or obligate), (b) fungi,
(c) actinomycete, (d) protozoa, (e) algae, and (0
phage. Each organism finds its optimum environ-
ment under fairly restricted environmental condi-
tions. This paper gives examples of the most com-
mon micro-organisms and the effect the environ-
ment has on their activity.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0133 - D4
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE,
Illinois Univ., Urbana.
R. L. Irgens, and D. L. Day.
Laboratory study is reported in more detail in
'Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research', II:
(I) 1-10, 1966. R. L. Irgens and D. L. Day.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 58-
60. 8 fig, 3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Aerobic treatment,
'Aeration, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical
oxygen demand, Oxidation.
Identifier!; Swine waste, Waste collection pits,
Slotted-floor, Oxidation ditch.
From the remits of these tests, it was calculated
that for aerobic stabilization of the waste, about 6
cu. ft. of tank volume per pig would be required
and approximately 1.2 Ib 02 per Ib of BOD (0.6S Ib
BOD per 125-lb pig per day), or 2500 cu. ft. of air
pen Ib of BOD at 3 per cent efficiency of oxygen
utilization. The aerobic process for treating swine
waste is odor-free and does not attract flies. The
only gas that is produced is carbon dioxide which to
a large extent will remain in solution as bicar-
bonate. The organic matter that is not oxidized to
carbon dioxide and water is converted to stable
solids, which are easily dewatered and dried on a
sand bed. The effluent has a low BOD and is free
from ammonia. It seemed feasible to develop an ox-
idation ditch inside a swine production bulding
I slatted floors.
ate)
IU0UVII Ulivn iiiaaw • i
utilizing self-cleaning sla
(Chriitenbury-lowa Stati
0134 - B2, D4
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO
AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE
TREATMENT SYSTEMS,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering; and New Holland Machine Co.,
Pa.
N. W. Webster, and J. T. Clayton.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 61-
65.2 tab, 14 fig, 20 ref. USDI water research act of
1964 (Public Law 88-379).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic conditions,
•Aerobic conditions, 'Aeration, Sedimentation,
Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: 'Dairy manure, Aerators, Aeration
tanks, Sedimentation tanks. Systems, Volatile
solids.
Two aerobic waste-treatment systems were
designed and tested for use in treating dairy
manure. The systems were combinations of aera-
tion and settlement for the purpose of reducing the
pollution capabilities of the waste and to make it
possible to use the treated effluent for transporting
the fresh waste. The system utilizing anaerobic pri-
mary settlement and secondary aeration system
was selected as the best suited for agricultural use.
A system using primary aeration with secondary
settlement did not operate satisfactorily.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0135 - Cl, D4
TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE
STABILIZATION COMPONENT,
Massachusetts Univ, Amherst.
D. O. Bridgham, and J. T. Clayton.
Manage Farm Animal Wastes, Amer Soc Agr Eng,
St. Joseph, Mich, pp 66-68,1966. 3 p, 6 fig, 3 tab, 9
ref. OWRR Project A-009-M ASS.
Descriptors: 'Trickling niters, Filters, 'Waste
treatment. Sewage effluents, 'Farm wastes. Ef-
fluents, Settling Basins, 'Cattle, 'Dairy industry.
Wastes, Biochemical oxygen demand, Pollution
abatement.
Trickling filters are an effective means of reducing
the polluting qualities of dairy manure and a possi-
ble means of treating effluent for discharge or
recirculation. Loading rate and waste temperature
have a great effect on the quality of the effluent.
Nine points were plotted for this experiment and
labeled according to average BOD of the effluent
under respective conditions. Assuming a linear
relationship between points, a topograph was
drawn for various qualities of effluent. With bub-
bling aeration, a 1000-lb cow would require 334 cu
ft of storage and treatment volume for 6 month* of
operation between sludge removals. An aeration
tank, 134 cu ft in volume, was operated at 95 deg F.
The estimated size for 70 deg F operation was 200
cu ft. Experiments support Webster's value for siz-
ing primary sedimentation tanks of 200 cu ft per
cow for biannual sludge removal. Test results show
the volume of trickling filter required per cow to
meet specific temperatures and effluent qualities.
Experiments suggest a sedimentation tank volume
of about 114 cu ft per cow instead of the 248 cu ft
actually used. Therefore, a trickling filter system
would require from 346 to 391 cu ft of tanks per
cow to produce an effluent BOD of 200 ppm.
0136 - D4
ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY
MANURE,
Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Agricultural Engineer-
ing.
J. R. Howes.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 68-
69.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic
conditions, Microorganisms, Peat, Cellulose, Aero-
bic treatment.
Identifiers: 'Composting, Fecal material, 'Litter,
Heat of composting, 'Litterlife.
Although composting dates back to antiquity, the
composting of poultry litter in situ is new. A culture
of 46 species of micro-organisms was mixed into a
base of peat and various mineral*. This active mix-
ture was spread at the rate of 1/2 Ib. per sq. ft. on
poultry litter that was at least 6 in. deep and con-
tained an appropriate balance of cellulose and fecal
material, water used to clean the house interior
was added to the liner and then mechanically
mixed to initiate aerobic action. After heat of com-
posting had subsided, birds were placed on the
litter. This process is relatively inexpensive. It over-
comes problems associated with obtaining and
disposing of litter; provides odor and fly-free en-
vironments; permits birds to be safely replaced on
the same litter shortly after diseased stock has been
removed or the houses flooded; permits humidifi-
cation of poultry houses; keeps dust to a minimum
and enables house interiors to be washed, thus in-
creasing sanitation and equipment efficiency.
(Christenbury - Iowa State)
0137 - B2, Cl, D4
PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES
BY LAGOONING,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
T. L. Willrich.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 70-
74.2 fig, 7 tab, 14 ref. U. S. Public Health Research
Grant EF00410.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic conditions,
'Design criteria, 'Performance, Lagoons, Anaero-
bic bacteria, Chromatium, Rhodothece, Odor,
Gases. Sludge.
Identifiers: 'Sludge accumulation, 'Swine wastes,
'Waste treatment lagoons, 'Anaerobic lagoons.
Micro lagoons, Lagoon feeding. Gas production.
Odor production.
A brief history of lagooning at Iowa State Universi-
ty U presented. The design and problems associated
with operation of the lagoon are presented. Data
was taken over a period of 8 yean to arrive at
recommendation! for construction of lagoons. Fac-
tors discussed include: detention times and sludge
accumulation*, loading rates, lagoon performance,
gas production, odor production, micro-lagooning,
lagoon feeding, and design criteria. The recom-
mended design criteria are: (I) For anaerobic
lagoons which will receive fairly uniform and
frequent (one-a-week or less) loadings: allow a
minimum of 1 cu. ft. of lagoon water volume per
pound of total animal weight confined in » hoc-
finishing building, plus additional lagoon volume
for sludge storage. (2) For lagoons which will
recieve non-uniform and intermittent loading:
allow a minimum of two cu. ft. of lagoon water
volume per pound of total animal weight confined
in a hog-finishing building, plus additional lagoon
volume for sludge storage.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0138 - B2, Cl, D4
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC
LAGOONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL,
Nebraska State Dept. of Health, Lincoln.
David R.Curtis.
Proceedings National Symposiun on Animal Waste
Management, ASAE Publication No SP-0366,
Michigan State University, May 1966. p 75-80. 5
fig, 5 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anat/obic conditions,
'Chemical oxygen demand, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Odor, 'Hydrogen ion concentration.
Lagoons, Temperature, Oxidation-reduction
potential. Alkalinity.
Identifiers: 'Kjeldahl nitrogen. 'Volatile acids.
'Swine waste. Anaerobic lagoons.
On-site investigations were conducted at 10
sketch of the plan and elevation views, chemical
data on samples collected at various times during
,the study, and a typical cross section of the lagoons
showing how solid* have accumulated. The tem-
peratures in the lagoons ranged from 70 to SO F,
with temperature* of 75 F and above more
prevalent. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP)
data indicated that anaerobic condition* were
present at all time* in the lagoons. Chemical
analyses have proved to be effective diagonostic in-
204
-------
struments in evaluating the probable cauie of ob-
jectional odors from lagoon installations. The
determinations of greatest significance were pH,
Kjeldahl nitrogen, volatile acids, alkalinity, BOD
and COD. Design criteria for hog lagoon installa-
tions for Nebraska are given. Operational
procedures are outlined that should improve the
chances for successful lagoon operations.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0139 - Dl
CATTLE-MANURE TREATMENT
TECHNIQUES,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
R. W. Agnew,and R. C. Loehr.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 81-
84. Ifig.Jtab, lOref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Lagoons, • Anaerobic
digestion, 'Aeration, Activated sludge, Solid
wastes, Runoff, Chemical oxygen demand,
Biochemical oiygen demand, Laboratory tests, Al-
kalinity.
Identifiers: • Waste characteristics, 'Polishing unit,
•Anaerobic lagoons, 'Aeration systems, Settled
solids. Solids handling. Solids disposal, Runoff con-
trol. Volatile acids, Kjeldahl nitrogen.
The characteristics of commercial lagooning
operations were discussed. It was pointed out that
there was a need for extensive planning in the
design and operation of lagoons. It was suggested
that a combination of an anaerobic lagoon and an
aeration unit may be most practical for most instal-
lations. Data was presented and discussed concern-
ing the characteristics of anaerobic lagoons, aera-
tion systems, and the settled solids. A potential
treatment facility was proposed and discussed as to
the cost, colids handling, solids disposal, efficiency,
and runoff control. (Christenbury-lowaState)
0140 - D2
DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY
VACUUM FILTRATION,
Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, N.Y., and
New York State Dept, of Health, Albany.
E. A.Cassell, A. F. Warner, and G. B. Jacobs.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 85-
91. 5 tab, 9 fig, 32 ref. N.Y. State Dept. of Health
(Contract No. C-l 8768).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sludge treatment,
•Poultry, 'Dewatering, Laboratory tests. Sewage
sludge. Filtration, Municipal wastes.
Identifiers: 'Sludge conditioners, 'Vacuum nitra-
tion, Chemical-sludge conditioners. Conditioner
dosage, Liquid requirements, Solids demand.
The sludge conditioning and vacuum filtration
characteristics of sewage sludges and chicken
manures were found to be vastly different. Most of
the sewage sludges were dcwatered with FeC13,
FeCI3 and lime conbinations, cationic polyelec-
trolyte, and non-ionic polyelectrolyte sludge condi-
tioners. None of these effectively promoted the de-
watering of chicken manures. On the other hand,
the anionic polyelectrolyte effectively dewatered
chicken manure, but not the sewage sludges. The
anionic polyelectrolyte can reduce the specific re-
sistance of chicken manures by as much as a factor
of 15 and produce filter cakes with as high as 25
percent total solids. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0141 - D2
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY
WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS (PART I),
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Otis E. Cross.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No Sf-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 91-
Dewriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dewatering, 'Electro-
osmosis, Laboratory tests, Cathodes, Poultry.
Identifiers: Moisture distribution. Expelling water.
This investigation was designed to determine the
effectiveness of expelling water from poultry excre-
ment by the electro-osmosis phenomena. Three
factors were selected as being the most critical:
amount of electric current, time, and distance
between electrodes. Twelve plastic tubes were
placed in a horizontal position. Each tube was 2 in
ID and 65 cm. long. The piston-type anode was car-
bon and maintained constant pressure upon the ex-
crement sample by means of a weighted-lever ar-
rangement. The cathode was a 1 mm. copper
screen. The tests were conducted with three sample
lengths: 40, 25, and 10 cm. The electro-osmosis
phenomena produced a 57 percent decrease in
moisture content. The amount of expelled water
was. a function of current flow, time, length of sam-
ple, and moisture content of the sample.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0142 - D2 . .
REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY
WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS (PART J).
Michigan State University, East Lansing. Dept of
Agricultural Engineering.
F.v. Nurnburgcr, C. J. Mackson, and I. Davidson.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. p 93-
95.7 fig. . '
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Electro-osmosis, 'De-
watering, Poultry.
Identifiers: 'Joule heating,. 'Gravity flow, Current
flow.
This investigation was undertaken to study the ef-
fects of various electrode materials on the liquid
expelled from chicken excrement by the process of
electro-osmosis. It utilized the effects of joule heat- •
ing and gravity flow. The results from using 5, JO,
15, and 20 v d-c were that 20 v d-c gave the ben
results. Of the three materials used, stainless steel
gave the best performance, copper was the poorest,
and steel was intermediate. The maximum
moisture-content reduction was 4.8 percent wb
based on 22 hr. of operation at 20 v. This was not
sufficient to reach a pelletable level from the initial
value of 80 percent wb. The cost of the electric
energy used was 12.7 cent per gallon of liquid
removed based on the rate of 2 cent per Kw-hr
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0143 - D2, E4
DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY IN-
CINERATION,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A. T, Sobel, and D. C. Ludington.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. D 95-
u8' ?KU5i4^' n ref" N-X: State Depwtment of
Health (Contract No C18965).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Incineration. Poultry.
Laboratory tests. Heat balance. Natural resources.
Identifiers: •Combustion, 'Solid fuels. Volatile
solids, Mass balance. Fixed carbon. Ash, Heat of
combustion, High heat valve. Low heat value
Energy balance.
The volatile solids in chicken manure represents
considerable energy. Incineration is a process
which utilizes this energy for destruction ofthe or-
game portion ofthe manure. The application of ex-
isting combustion theory to the incineration of
chicken manure is difficult beacuse of lack of basic
property information and the variability of the
material. The incineration process is very depen-
dent on the moisture content of the manure. A
laboratory incinerator has been constructed to in-
vestigate the incineration process. Initial trials of
the incinerator have been restricted to partially
dried manure. Considerable information has been
obtained. Future application of incineration will
depend on cost factors and possible air pollution
hazards. A mass and heat balance for a typical in-
cineration trial is given in an Appendix to the
paper. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0144 - A2, Cl, Dl
TREATMENT OF DUCKWASTES AND THEIR
EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY,
Virginia State Water Control Board, Richmond.
R. V. Davis, C. E. Cooley, and A. V. Hadder.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. p 98-
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Coliforms, 'Poultry,
'Oysters, 'Water quality, Salmonella, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Environmental effects, Settling
basins.
Identifiers: 'Rappahannock River, Pilot pond,
Earnhardt Farms, Inc., MPN (Most probable
number), Raw wastes, Duck run.
Early in 1963 a six-month study was undertaken to
determine the effect of coliform organisms in the
treated wastes from two duck farms on water quali-
ty in an oyster-producing and recreational area of
the Rappahannock River near Urbanna, Virginia.
Before tj|e treatment facilities were installed, water
quality in the area was questionable for recreation
purposes and was restricted for direct marketing of
shellfish. Treatment consists of alternately used
earthen settling basins, for removing solids, fol-
lowed by 4-day retention earthen basins. These
remove essentially all settleable solids and reduce
the most probable number of coliform organisms
per 100 ml. by 90 to 95 percent. On the oasis of
data collected from the river, restrictions from the
public oyster beds were lifted. Satisfactory recrea-
tional water quality now exists throughout the area,
except very near the discharges.
(Christenbury-lowa Stale)
0145 - E3
VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEED FOR
RUMINANTS,
Virginia Polytechnic Ins!., Blacksburg; Cornell
Univ.. Ithaca, N.Y.; and Kansas State Univ., Man-
hattan.
J. P. Fontenot, A. N. Bhaltachanya.C. L. Drake.
andW.H.McClure.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366. Michigan Stale University, May 1966, p ] 05-
I OK.. 7 lab. 11 ref. •
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Sheep,
'Cattle. 'Feeds, Proteins, Metabolism, Ruminants,
• Feeding rates.
Identifiers: Nutritive value. Broiler litter. Digestible
protein, Digestible energy, Metabolizable energy,
Total digestible nutrients. Carcass grade. Rate of
gain.
Information has been presented concerning the
nutritive value of broiler litter for ruminants. The
litter wimples analyzed contained an average of 32
percent crude protein, dry basis. In autoclaved
litter, true protein accounted for 45 percent of the
total nitrogen. In metabolism trials with wethers, 25
and Stt percent uutoclaved peanut-hull and wood-
shaving broiler litters replaced corresponding
amounts of u corn-hay ration. There were no sig-
205
-------
nifkiint differences in digestible protein, digestible
energy, metaholizahle energy, and TON content
between kinds and levels of litter. Average values
were 11.7 percent. 2440 kcal per kg, 2181 kcal per
kg. and 59.K percent, respectively. It was found in
Omening trials lhat rate of gain and carcass grade
were not significantly different for beef steers fed
mixtures containing 25 percent ground peanut-hull
or wood-shaving broiler litter than for those fed a
conventional fattening mixture.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0146 - E3
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTE AS FEED
FOR RUMINANTS.
Auburn Univ.. Ala. Dept. of Animal Science.
Aw. hrudy Anthony
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management. ASAE Publication No SP-
OJ66, Michigan Slate University. May I966.p 109-
112. UtatO.tref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, *Catlle, 'Chemical
analysis. Feeds, Siluge, Nutrients. Amino acids.
Vitamins.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot manure. *Steer\, 'Digestion
coefficients. 'Average daily gain. Manure, Carcass
data.
Analysis of feedlot manure showed it to be a valua-
ble source of vitamins and ammo acids. Washed
manure was mixed with a concentrated feed and
successfully fed to steers. When unwashed manure
was combined with a concentrated mixture or with
silage and fed to steers, animul gain and feed effi-
ciency were nol improved. Fresh feedlot manure
proved to he a valuable ration component when it
was either washed or autoclaved. Fresh feedlot
manure was blended with coastal bermudagrass
hay to make a palatable and nutritious low-
moisture silage. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0147 - Bl, E3
COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE
IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS,
Texas Tech. Univ..Lubbock.
R. M.Durham.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May I 966, p 112-
114. 6 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feeds, 'Livestock,
Poultry. Cattle, Calfishes, Sheep, Swine, Eggs.
Identifiers: 'Coprophagy, 'All-concentrate ration,
Feedlot steers, Digestion coefficient.
This paper reports observations of coprophagy in
cattle consuming an all-concentrate ration and the
feeding of rations containing manure from these
cattle to poultry, cattle, swine and catfish. The all-
concentrate ration was composed of 89% ground
milo, \0% cottonseed meal and 1% vitamin-
mineral supplement. The manure was ground in a
hammer mill without prior drying and mixed with
other ration ingredients for feeding. Coprophagy
has been observed in cattle consuming limited
quantities of the all-concentrate ration. All-con-
centrate cattle manure has been successfully fed to
growing pullets and laying hens. The all-concen-
trate manure has been fed to feedlot steers with
generally favorable results to limit feed consump-
tion. Catfish can make rapid gains on feedlot
manure if care is taken to prevent oxygen deple-
tion. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0148 - E3
ROLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE AND
DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Triangle E By-ProductsCo., Harrisonburg, Va.
E. L. Foerster, Sr.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste'Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 114-
117.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Cattle, Chemi-
cal analysis, Economics, Disposal, Equipment,
Digestion tanks. Nutrients.
Identifiers: 'Rendering, 'Fallenstock, Protein con-
tent, Coprophagy.
Mr. Foerster gives a general history of the render-
ing industry in the United States. He explains the
role of the industry in disposing of fallen animals.
He gives an analysis for a typical product from a
rendering plant. Some data is presented concerning
the economics of the rendering process. Through
cooperation, the rendering plant can provide a use-
ful and efficient service in disposing of fallen stock.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0149 - D4
EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE
GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND
THEIR ABILITY TO ACT AS CHEMICAL FIL-
TERS
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.; and
Maryland Univ., College Park.
Harry J.Eby.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366. Michigan State University, May 1966, p 117-
120. 6 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hydroponics, 'Ef-
fluents, Nutrients, Municipal wastes, Lagoons,
Grasses, Aquatic environment, Root development,
Light penetration.
Identifiers: Plant-nutrient removal percentage. Fer-
tilizer value. Nutrient extraction potential, Surface
The possibility of using hydroponics as a means of
removing nutrients from sewage-treatment plants
and lagoons is discussed. Several grasses were stu-
died with rye and tall fescue showing the most
promise. Data a presented in graph form showing
the plant-nutrient removal percentages. Two ap-
pendices are given. Appendix I shows the projected
yield capabilities of the various forage grasses with
the nutrient-extraction potential based on laborato-
ry-scale sampling. Appendix II shows the method
for computing the size of the hydroponic system
required for any given volume of effluent.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0150 - Bl, Fl
PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN
ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE
MANAGEMENT,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
Thomas M. Stubblefield.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 120-
122. Href.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Legal
aspects, Relocation, Area development. Odor,
Arizona.
Identifiers: 'Cowtowns, 'Feedlots, Metropolitan
areas, Manure.
Problems associated with locating large numbers of
cattle near metropolitan areas are discussed. The
particular problems with large feeders in Arizona
and their solutions are presented. Feedlot manure
selling for as high as $5 per ton in the 1940's now is
a liability costing $1 to SI.SO per ton to remove. It
has been advantageous for the feedlots to relocate
near farming areas for more efficient disposal of
the manure. To circumvent problems with re-
sidential areas, 'cowtowns' are being developed.
(Christenbury-lowa State) •
0151 - B2. Dl El, Fl
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-
MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT
FINISHING OF HOGS,
Illinois Univ., . Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
Richard P. Kesler,
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366. Michigan State University. May 1966. p 122-
125.6 lab, 2ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Swine, 'Disposal,
•Economics, 'Annual cost, Lagoons, Storage
capacity, Size, Nutrients. Ultimate disposal. Liquid
wastes.
Identifiers: Manure, Total lagooning, Hauling and
spreading. Recovery rate. Fertilizer nutrients,
Salvaged nutrients.
Manure is a valuable by-product of the hog indus-
try. This manure must be disposed of on the land to
obtain its inherent value. Factors that should be
considered in choosing a manure disposal system
are (a) amount of manure that is produced, (b) fer-
tility content of the manure and its value as a
replacement for commercial fertilizer, (c) disposal
costs of each system, and (d) availability of
cropland on which to spread the manure. An exten-
sive economic analysis of three disposal systems is
presented: (I) Total hauling and spreading, (41)
Total lagooning, and (III) Partial hauling and
spreading and lagooning. Three sizes of hog opera-
lion were considered in the comparison: 500,1500,
and 2500 head. (Christenbury-lnwii State)
0152 - B2, Dl, El, Fl
ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL
FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK.
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
W. H.M.Morris.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 126-
I3l.6tab. I fig, I6ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cost analysis,
•Disposal, 'Value, 'Nutrients, Chemical oxygen
demand. Biochemical oxygen demand. Cost com-
parison. Economic feasibility. Economics, Anaero-
bic conditions. Aerobic treatment. Liquid wastes,
Irrigation.
Identifiers: 'Production model, Losses in storage.
Value of manure, Utilization, Oxidation ditches.
Some of the problems in estimating the costs and
returns from handling manure have been discussed.
Removal of the manure from the livestock produc-
tion areas has not been discussed. In general, the
scale and efficiency of the operation and preven-
tion of dilution of the manure determine if the
manure can be spread in the fields at a cost equal to
or less than the value of the nutrients used by the
crop. Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of manure
in special low-cost facilities designed for use on the
farm seem to be practical solutions. No profitable
method of industrial utilization of livestock manure
can be foraeen. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0153 - E3
POULTRY MANURE MARKETING,
Pennsylvania SUM Univ., University Park.
Herbert C.Jordan.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366. Michigan State University, May 1966, p 132-
133.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, • Marketing
techniques. Fertilizers, Poultry analysis. Value,
Economics.
Identifiers: 'Bagging,'Processing.
206
-------
A survey was conducted between 1961 and 1963
concerning marketing poultry manure. Information
concerning the following topics was collected:
General, Bagging Manure, Processing, Supplemen-
tal Mixture, and Marketing. Cost associated with
bagging and minimum analysis (nitrogen.
phosphoric acid, potash) is given for bags ranging
from 2.5 to 80 pounds per bag. A summary of the
data is presented pointed out that fresh manure is
worth about $5 a ton to the soil ($20 per ton on a
dry weight basis). Poultry manure used as an or-
ganic soil conditioner is and perhaps will remain
the greatest and most common use of poultry
manure. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0154 - F4
FARM-WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN
NORTHERN EUROPE,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
E. P. Allred.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University. May 1966, p 133-
136. I fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Northern Europe, Family-size farm,
Oxidation ditches, Disposal practices.
Farmers throughout most of northern Europe are
faced with many of the same waste-disposal
problems as those confronting American farmers.
Methods and equipment used for waste disposal are
discussed with emphasis on the 'family-size' farm.
Those individuals working with oxidation ditches
are quite optimistic with its performance. When
one compares rural waste-disposal practices in Eu-
rope with those in America, there are noticeable
differences in both equipment and methods. Sur-
prisingly the greatest differences occur, however,
in the people themselves and their attitude toward
rural waste disposal. (Christenbury-lowu State)
0155 - B2, C5, E2
PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS
AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES,
Forschungsanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft, Brunswick
(West Germany).
Cord Tictjen.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management. ASAE Publication No SP-
0366. Michigan State University, May 1966, p 136-
140. 3 tab, 9 fig, 12 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Liquid wastes,
•Nutrients, Urine. Nitrogen cattle. Swine. Fertil-
izers.
Identifiers: 'Guile, 'Plant response. Plant
nutrients, Manuring, Feces.
To produce guile (liquid manure) from cattle feces
and to apply it for manuring, the grassland has for a
long time been the common way of disposal of
animal waste in the Alpine foreland. New labor-
saving barn arrangements, tools and implements
promote the practice of guile utilization both for
grassland and cropland. It was learned by field and
pot experiments that guile can exert a strong in-
fluence on plant growth. The physiological efficien-
cy of guile nitrogen is several times higher than thut
of nitrogen in common barnyard manures. Range
of variation is great depending on guile processing
and composition. Quality of manure, its contents
and ratio of plant nutrients depend on kind of
animals, individual properties of animals, feeding
dilution by water or other additives, barn arrange-
ment, collection and storage facilities. It is recom-
mended that animal excrement be processed to a
standardized manure - a full guile that can be
characterized by its ratio of plant nutrients.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0156 - D4
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL
WASTES,
Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat, Arnhem.
Henri M.J.Scheltinga.
Proceedings National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-
0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 140-
143. 7 tab, 3 fig, 10 ref.
Descriptors; 'Farm wastes, 'Activated sludge,
•Biological treatment, Swine, Laboratory tests,
Nitrogen,Cost, Biochemical oxygen demand
Identifiers; 'Nitrogen balance, 'Holland, 'Oxida-
tion ditch, Nitrification, Bio-industries.
This paper discussed treatment of farm wastes in
Holland. Chemical and mechanical treatment
alone have not proven satisfactory. Laboratory and
full scale treatment experiments have been con-
ducted. Aeration, anaerobic decomposition, ac-
tivated sludge treatment, and oxidation ditch ex-
periments have been performed. Foaming has been
experienced in some tests. Nitrification and
nitrogen balance for farm wastes are discussed. The
cost associated with the treatment facilities were
considered. (Christenbury- towa State)
0157 - F4
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
R. C. Loehr, Editor. In: Animal Waste Manage-
ment, Proceedings Cornell University Conference
on Agricultural Waste Management, January 13-
15,1969.414 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Cattle, 'Water
pollution, 'Air pollution, Soil contamination. Rates
of application. Poultry, Sheep, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Dissolved ox-
ygen, Hydrogen ion concentration. Oxidation
Lagoons, Lagoons, Aeration, Soils, Moisture con-
tent. Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash,
Economics, Legal aspects, Legislation, Water
quality act. Water table. Odors, Rotors, Aerobic
conditions, Anaerobic conditions, Digestion, An-
tibiotics, Irrigation, Oxygen, Rotations, Hydrology.
•Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Land disposal,
•Feedlots, 'Confinement, Population equivalent,
Slatted floors. Decomposition.
The increase in high density confined animal
production operations in the past decade has led to
a number of environmental quality problems, such
as air and water pollution. The 1969 Conference
attempted to bring knowledgeable individuals from
many disciplines together to mutually discuss vari-
ous aspects and potential solutions to the animal
waste management problem. Forty-six papers, re-
ports, and speeches are presented in the
proceedings. Such diverse topics as hydrology,
economics, odor measurement, lagooning, aerobic
digestion, and land disposal are presented.
Research and studies in many fields are reported
(White-Iowa State)
0158 - F3
REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
Zurn Industries, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Leon W. Weinberger.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings, Cor-
nell University, Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 1-3,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution
•Water quality, 'Cost-benefit ratio, Water pollu-
tion control. Environment, Waste water treatment
Identifiers: 'National policy. National misconcep-
tion.
Dr. Weinberger expresses three personal view-
points dealing with national policy on water pollu-
tion control, cost benefit analysis in water pollution
control, and finally comments on the greatest myth
or misconception in water pollution control. This
national misconception being that we do not know
how to solve the problems of water pollution con-
trol. Dr. Weinberger asks everyone to speak out
and be heard on the way that you want to have our
environment. (White-IowaState)
0159 - F4
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION-NOW AND
IN THE YEARS AHEAD,
Office of Science and Technology, Washington,
D.C.
Donald R. King.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 4-8,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment, Legal
aspects. Research and development, Design stan-
dards. Waste treatment, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Agricultural Pollution, Resource con-
servation, Waste uses, Land planning.
The report points out several avenues that warrant
research attention; among them the following: (1)
The potential benefits to control which may result
from changing the character of animal wastes. (2)
Information is needed on present control ap-
proaches to make them more generally applicable.
(3) The tremendous volume of animal wastes
produced necessitates the development and appli-
cation of new and more effective treatment and
disposal methods. (4) Additional attention to
potential uses for animal wastes would be desirable.
(5) Land use planning also warrants emphasis. (6)
Additional information also will be needed on the
relationships of wastes to agricultural production
which can be used to assist in establishing stan-
dards. (White-Iowa State)
0160 - A2, Bl, Dl, Fl
EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
ON THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT
OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Washington, D.C.
Harold Bernard.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 9-16. I tab, 2 fig, 5 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, * Legal aspects, 'Water
quality act, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical
oxygen demand, 'Water quality standards, Mu-
nicipal wastes, Industrial wastes. Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: FWPCA, Animal feedlot, 'Disposal
requirements, 'Waste treatment standards. En-
vironmental backlash. Interstate waters.
Changes that have taken place in water quality
standards are discussed. The purpose of the stan-
dards is to: (a) provide an engineering base for the
design of waste treatment works by municipalities
and industries without uncertainties in waste
disposal requirements in interstate waters, (b)
Serve as a clear public (local) policy statement on
the use or uses to which specific segments of in-
terstate waters may be put after due consideration
of all the factors delineated above. The effect of
these changes in standards is discussed with rela-
tion to the treatment of animal wastes. Future mu-
nicipal B.O.D. loads and their subsequent treat-
ment costs are brought out. It is mentioned that the
FWPCA is interested in receiving proposals to
demonstrate new or unique treatment and control
techniques for animal wastes, especially in con-
junction with an on-going operation. Only with the
cooperation and leadership of the industry itself
can techniques be developed to meet the various
207
-------
water quality standards and enable the industry a
growth unimpeded by any environmental backlash.
(White-Iowa State)
0161 - Bl, F3
THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
Raymond C. Loehr.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 17-22. 5 ref
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odors, Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Animal production, 'Waste manage-
ment. Environmental quality. Interrelationships of
animal production, Study and research.
There is a woeful lack of understanding of the in-
terrelationships between various aspects of animal
production and waste management. It is to this
point and to these relationships that this paper is
addressed. The long term approach for animal
production must be based upon not only optimal
production of the product, but also on management
of the entire production scheme such that it is con-
sistent with the maintenance of acceptable environ-
mental quality not only to the animals, and to the
producers, but to society as a whole. The problem
of animal waste management is actually many
problems. It consists of technical, economic, social,
educational, and perhaps above all, a communica-
tions problem. The talents of individuals from
many disciplines are needed to produce better solu-
tions to the problem. We need to initiate more stu-
dies that will take an overview of the animal
production operation, feasible waste management
systems, and their interrelationships. These studies
should develop information that can be used as pre-
dictive and/or decision making tools to anticipate
and minimize problems that may result. Herein lies
the greatest challenge of animal waste manage-
ment. (White-Iowa State)
0162 - Dl. F4
THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF
ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA
AND THE UNITED STATES,
Toronto Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
P. H. Jones.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969,p 23-36. 2 tab,27 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Biological treatment, 'Oxygen, Water
pollution, Nitrogen, Odors, Carbon, Waste water
treatment, Aeration, Aerobic treatment, Anaero-
bic digestion.
Identifiers: Pollution potential, Waste charac-
teristics, Integrated farming. Aerobic composting.
This paper presents some of today's theories on
waste treatment and their effectiveness, both so-
cially and physically. The paper tells of the pollu-
tion potential and characteristics of animal waste,
as well as some of the waste treatment objectives.
Theoretical formulas are presented for the in-
troduction of oxygen into an aqueous system, and
the reduction of BOD. Potential solutions to the
waste treatment problem are listed and sum-
marized as follows: integrated farming, anaerobic
holding, aerobic systems, complete treatment,
anaerobic digestion, drying and incineration, and
aerobic composting. Research needs are given, as
. well as a look to the future for what may be possi-
ble. (White-Iowa State)
0163 - D4
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZA-
TION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLUR-
RIES BY AERATION,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
Dept. of Environmental Sciences.
Albert F. Vickers, and Emil J. Genetelji.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 37-49.7 fig, 6 tab, 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic
treatment, 'Biochemical oxygen demand. Dis-
solved oxygen odor, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Aerobic stabilization, Manure slurry,
Ultimate disposal, Loading parameter, Suspended
solids.
It hits been determined in this research that aerobic
stabilization basins are not suitable for the
complete treatment of slurries of poultry manure.
However, the aerobic stabilization basins do pro-
vide satisfactory pretreatment prior to ultimate
disposal. This treatment provides sufficient sta-
bilization of the manure to eliminate nuisance
problems when ultimately disposed of on land. The
critical loading parameter determined in this bench
scale system is a volume loading of 60 cubic feet of
aeration basin per pound of applied BOD in the
manure slurry. The average BOD reduction in the
unsettled effluent was 87% with an average solids
destruction of 53%. Foaming difficulties were en-
countered after the critical loading parameter
determined was exceeded. (White-Iowa State)
0164 - Cl, D4
SWINE WASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION,
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhat-
tan.
Lawrence A. Schmid, and Ralph I. tipper.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969,p 50-37.4 tab, 2 fig, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion,
Swine, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical ox-
ygen demand, Methane, Odor, Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Digester, Waste digestion, Feed ra-
tion.
Laboratory and field tests were undertaken to show
the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion as a possi-
ble solution to swine waste treatment. The. follow-
ing conclusions are made from the study: (1) The
waste characteristics can be related to pounds of
waste per unit pound of live weight. (2) If organic
removal is the desired objective, it can best be done
by solids removal from the fresh wastes resulting in
COD reductions of 90%. (3) Mixing is required in
the anaerobic digestion phase to disperse the fresh
waste. (4) Normally, the efficiency of anaerobic
treatment can be increased by increasing the solids
retention time. (5) Results have shown that con-
ventional anaerobic digestion cannot be practiced
on raw undiluted hog wastes which include the
urine. (6) Digestion only for liquifaction does not
require the close environmental control required to
stimulate growth of methane bacteria. (7) Design
for the objective of waste liquifaction for the pur-
pose of reuse as flushing water, ultimate disposal on
land, and ease of handling can be one answer to the
problem of handling and treatment of wastes from
confinement feeding of swine. (White-Iowa State)
0165 - B3, C5, D4
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID
WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Texas Technological Coll., Lubbock. Dept of Civil
Engineering.
D. M. Wells, R. C. Albin, W. Grab, and R. Z.
Wheaton.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 58-62.4 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Moisture content.
Cattle, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Aerobic stabilization, 'Composting
process.
This is a progress report on research being con-
ducted on the aerobic stabilization of solid beef
feedlot wastes and is concerned with the compost-
ing process and with the effect of feed, manage-
ment, and climate on waste stabilization. Two
general areas were reported in the paper, one con-
cerned with composting in open air piles and the
other with composting in a specially built drum
type digester. Forty per cent reductions in volume
and 20% losses in dry matter were noted. The most
rapid rate of stabilization, seemingly takes place
during the first few days of the process, with a
steady decrease in the rate of stabilization occur-
ring with time. (White-Iowa State)
0166 - C3, D4
ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFI-
CIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
John J. Kolega, Gordon L. Nelson, and Quintin B.
Graves.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 63-75. 9 fig, 4 tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Equations, Oxygen,
Dissolved oxygen, Oxygenation, 'Model studies.
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Rotor aerator, 'Oxidation ditch, Ox-
ygen transfer.
The laboratory method described presents a
technique for use in the engineering design and
analysis of a horizontal rotor aerator system in
livestock waste management. This procedure can
be used to obtain quantitative prediction equations
to estimate the oxygen transfer coefficients for a
selected range of operating conditions. Once the
prediction equation for a given system is
dcvelpped, it can be further used to evaluate new
applications provided the parameters fall within the
range of the predicted equation developed. An
equation for estimating the oxygen transfer coeffi-
cients per revolution of rotor was obtained with a
model rotor aerator using distilled water as the
liquid. Rotor aerator performance curves illustrat-
ing how the prediction equation can be used in
livestock waste system design and management
were also developed, (White-Iowa State)
0167 - AS, C3, D4
AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE
MANURE,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. School of Civil En-
gineering.
Don E. Bloodgood, and C. M. Robson.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 76-80. 2 tab, 1 fig, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Aeration, Tem-
perature, Odor, Chemical oxygen demand, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: Dairy cattle, Loading rates, Kjeldahl
nitrogen. Degradation, Volatile solids.
Laboratory tests with seven liter, aerated con-
tainers were performed in 4C and 24C rooms.
Loading rate of 60, 80, 100, and 120 grams of wet
raw dairy manure per day were used at both tem-
peratures. Conclusions were made from the results
of the experiment as follows. (1) The amount of
leading does not influence the degree of degrada-
tion that takes place. (2) The tests indicate a
decrease in volatile solids of 20 per cent at 4C and
208
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42 per cent at 24C. (3) Appreciable amounts of
material with a COD are removed in the aerobic
storage process. (4) The Kjeldahl nitrogen concen-
tration of material remaining after aerobic storage
is higher after the storage period. (5) Foaming is a
real problem in the aerobic storage of manure from
dairy cattle. (6) Aerobic storage of manure from
dairy cattle has promise of minimizing the odor
problem encountered in the spreading of unaerated
material after storage. (White-Iowa State)
0168 - B2, C3, C4, D4, E3
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL
MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS . TEMPORA-
RY EXPEDIENT OR LONG RANGE SOLUTION,
Massachusetts Univ., Amhcrst. Dept. of Civil En-
?Sneering.
. T. Clayton,and T. H. Feng.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 81-87. 6 fig, I ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment,
•Anaerobic digestion, 'Effluents, Cattle,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrates, Hydrogen
ion concentration, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Sedimentation tanks, 'Degradation,
Volatile solids.
The pilot scale manure treatment system studied
was an adapted composite of two aerobic-anaero-
bic dairy manure treatment systems. It was
designed to process the waste of one mature dairy
cow, together with the water necessary to flush the
manure from the barn. The system consisted of a
2000 gallon primary sedimentation tank, a 1000
gallon aeration tank, and a 200 gallon final sedi-
mentation tank. The effluent was collected and
analyzed at three different points in the closed
system. Graphs of total solids, volatile solids, pH,
BOD, and nitrate content versus time are given for
the three effluent collection points. The overall ob-
jective was to design a system the effluent from
which could be used as a flushing and transport
medium for subsequent cleanings of a dairy cow
housing facility, or be discharged into a water
course. (White-IowaState)
0169 - C3, D3
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS
UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Animal Husbandry Research Div.
L. W. Smith, H. K. Goering, and C. H. Gordon.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 88-97. 10 tab, 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Digestion,
Sheep, Orchardgrass, Alfalfa, Ruminants, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: Sodium hydroxide, Sodium peroxide, In
vitro fermentation, Chemical treatment.
Sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxide treatment
of orchardgrass and alfalfa cow feces resulted in
large decreases in the cell wall (CW), cellulose, he-
micellulose, and lignin contents. Treatment with
sodium chlorite changed composition little except
for a large reduction in lignin content. True CW
digestibility was increased several fold by each
treatment as measured by an in vitro fermentation
technique. Corn silage rations containing 25% of
the total dry matter (DM) as either untreated or
3% sodium peroxide treated orchardgrass feces
were consumed equally well as an all corn silage ra-
tion by sheep. Lower intake was observed for a
corn silage ration which contained 50% similarly
treated feces also on a dry matter basis. Digestibili-
ty coefficients for the various components of the
feces portion of the rations were calculated by dif-
ference. Addition of 3"* sodium peroxide to feces
increased average DM, 29; nitrogen, 25; CW, 55;
cellulose, 41; and hemicellulose, 90 digestibility
units over that of the untreated feces. Neither con-
centration nor molar ratios of ruminal volatile fatty
acids changed due to the inclusion of treated or un-
treated feces in rations for sheep. (White-Iowa
State)
0170 - E3
THE VALUE OF HYDROLYZED AND DRIED
POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMI-
NANT ANIMALS,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
T. A. Long, J. W. Bratzler, and D. E. H. Frear.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, I969,p 98-104. 12 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feeds, 'Nitrogen,
Poultry, Cattle, Sheep, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Hydrolyzed poultry waste, Rations,
Feedlot performance. Digestion coefficient, Car-
cass characteristics.
Information was presented concerning the value of
heat treated poultry waste as a source of nutrient
for ruminant animals. In a metabolism trial,
whethers were fed a semi-purified ration in which
the nitrogen was supplied by hydrolized poultry
waste, cooked poultry waste, or soybean oil meal.
The digestion coefficients for crude protein dif-
fered significantly (PA.05) between all rations.
Nitrogen excreted in the feces was significantly
lower for the soybean oil meal ration than for the
poultry waste ration. No other significant dif-
ferences were observed. It was found in a fattening
trial with steers that rate of gain, feed efficiency,
and carcass grade were not significantly different
for beef steers fed rations in which the supplemen-
tal nitrogen was supplied as soy bean oil meal,
hydrolized poultry waste or dried poultry waste.
Rate of gain was higher (PA.05) for the steers fed
the ration containing urea. The treated poultry
waste rations were readily consumed by the steers
and no undesirable effect on carcass characteristics
were found. (White-Iowa State)
0171 - E3
CATTLE MANURE: RE-USE THROUGH
WASTELAGE FEEDING,
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Au-
burn.
W. Brady Anthony.
In: Animal waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969,p 105-113.9tab, 1 fig, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Feeds, Per-
formances, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Wastelage, Yeast fermentation.
Manure collected daily from a concrete floor of a
pen housing steers was blended with a fattening
feed in the ratio of 2:3. The wastelage system was
developed for more flexibility. Wastelage is the
combining of fresh manure with ground grass hay
in the ratio of 57:43 with storage in a silo until fed.
Five conclusions were drawn from the study, (a)
Fresh feedlot manure can be mixed with concen-
trate and fed successfully to cattle with a considera-
ble saving in feed used per unit of beef produced.
(b) Wastelage represents a flexible system of
removing manure daily, blending it with hay, and
storing as silage, (c) Elimination of pollution from
steer feedlots can be obtained through use of the
wastelage plan, (d) Yeast can be produced on
fluidized and aerated manure. About 68% of
manure dry matter appears recoverable in the yeast
fermentation product, (e) Feedlot manure properly
handled is a valuable product for conversion to an
animal feed. (White-Iowa State)
0172 - E2
SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR
LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW-
FURROW-COVER METHOD,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brnuswick, N J
Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 114-119. 8 fig.
Descriptors: 'Slurries, 'Disposal, Farm wastes
Poultry, Waste water disposal.
Identifiers: 'Plow-furrow-cover, Utilization.
A condensation is presented of experimental work
that was done on land application of poultry
manure slurries. Several pieces of equipment and
different operations were looked at. Most incor-
porated a single bottom 16 in. plow operating 7 in.
to 8 in. deep. Manure was deposited in the furrow
and then covered. Tank trailers and commercial
liquid manure tanks were used to transport and
funnel the slurry into the furrow. General per-
formance specifications for plow-furrow-cover
equipment is included. (White-Iowa State)
0173 - C3. E3
USE OF POULTRY MANURE FOR COR-
RECTION OF Zn and Fe DEFICIENCIES IN
PLANTS,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of
Agronomy.
B. F. Miller, W. L. Lindsay, and A. A. Parse.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 120-123. 2 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, Poultry,
Iron, 'Corn, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Micronutrient deficiency, Zinc.
A greenhouse study was conducted with corn on a
soil deficient in available Zn and Fe. Fifteen fertil-
izer combinations including N,P, Zn, Fe, poultry
manure and poultry manure ash were used.
Adequate K was supplied by the soil. The results of
this study are interpreted as showing that poultry
manure is beneficial for the correction of Zn and
Fe deficiencies. This benefit is supplementary to its
value as an NPK fertilizer. Furthermore, the or-
ganic fraction of poultry manure is important in
rendering Zri and Fe more available to plants. This
beneficial effect is greater in the case of Fe than
Zn, but it is significant in both cases. The findings
of this study support the hypothesis that manure
and other organic wastes may either supply or give
rise to natural chelating agents that aid in the solu-
bilization of insoluble micronutrient elements in
soil and thereby render them more available to
plants. (White-Iowa State)
0174 - A2, A4, C3, E2
THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND
DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science.
L. R. Webber, and T. H. Lane.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 124-130. 3 tab, 1 fig, 13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, 'Ground-
water, Nitrates, Water pollution sources, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Nitrogen pollution. Crop utilization.
Pollution control.
Segments of research are presented that lead to the
preparation of guidelines outlining the cropland
requirements for the utilization anddisposal of the
nitrogenous compounds in liquid manures. The ob-
jective in land spreading was two-fold: (a) to apply
the waste at such rates that the practice will be
nitrogen utilization for crop production at optimum
use-efficiency; and (b) to apply the waste at such
rates that the practice becomes primarily one of
disposal while not contributing to environmental
pollution (air, water, soil). Tables show the dif-
209
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ferent rates of application and how the nitrogen is
removed. Recommendations are given as to how
much land is required for crop utilization and pol-
lution control for different livestock operations.
{White-Iowa State)
0175 - Dl
STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL
WASTES IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO,
A. R. Townshend, K. A. Reichert, and J. H.
Nodwell.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, I969,p 131-149.14 tab,3fig.9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, * Water pollution con-
trol, Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Lagoons, Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: * Population equivalent, 'Confinement
housing, Pollution potential. Concentrations, Land
disposal, Oxidation ditch.
Farm animal waste problems of the agricultural in-
dustry in Ontario are concentrated on the liquid
manure water pollution control facilitiei presently
serving swine, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and poultry
confinement housing operations. It is concluded
that based on present technology and economics,
the approach to animal waste disposal in Ontario
for the forsecable future should continue to be one
of storage and land disposal rather than treatment
and effluent discharge to water courses. The status
report estimates the pollution potential of farm
animal wastes; outlines the present methods of han-
dling liquid manure from confinement operations;
tabulates animal waste characteristics, loadings,
and population equivalents; gives field data and ex-
periences on typical water pollution control facili-
ties; and concludes with guidelines on the selection,
design, and operation of farm waste systems.
(White-Iowa State)
0176 - D4, E2
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY
AERATED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A. C. Dale, J. R. Ogilvie, A. C. Chang, and M. P.
Douglas.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969,p 150-159. 11 fig.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoon,
•Sprinkler irrigation, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Chemical oxidation demand, Oxidation-reduction
potential, Odor, Irrigation, Waste water treatment.
identifiers: Dairy cattle.
The system studied the aerobic type using a lagoon
for storage and treatment but relying solely on sun-
light and algae for oxygen. A mechanical surface
aerator was used to supply oxygen and for mixing.
An overhead sprinkler irrigation system was used in
conjunction with the treatment lagoon. The liquid
was applied to cropland (grassland) beside the
lagoon. Perameters measured included BOD,
COD, total solids, volatile solids, pH, and total gal-
lons of influent and effluent; temperature, DO, pH
and oxidation-reduction potential of the mixed
liquor; distribution of effluent by irrigation; and
odor associated with the area. Tentative conclu-
sions were reached as a result of work to date: (a)
The system is odorless, (b) The system provides a
place to dispose of wastes at all times, (c) Nutrients
are saved and are returned to the land, (d) With
proper operation, runoff into streams and ditches is
minimized, (e) Pollutional characteristics of all
wastes are greatly lowered, (f) Cost of installation
and operation do not appear to be excessive, (g) A
relatively small amount of labor is required.
(White-Iowa State)
0177 - B2, D4
FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATION DITCHES IN
CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDINGS,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Don D. Jones, Donald L. Day, and James C.
Converse.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969,p 160-171, IS fig, 1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Rotors, Ox-
ygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand,
Chemical oxygen demand, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers; 'Oxidation ditch, 'Confinement
buildings, Total solidi, Volatile solids.
Tests it the University of Illinois were conducted
using two buildings with oxidation ditches. Deten-
tion time, rotor speed, rotor immersion, and load-
ing rates were varied. Oxygen demand, solidi, BOD
and COD were measured periodically and plotted
by a digital computer. Problems with foaming and
ammonia odor were encountered, but solved by al-
tering the liquid depth and rotor immersion. Ap-
parently the velocity of the waste in the ditch seems
to be the controlling factor in oxidation ditch
operation. Adequate velocity and oxygenation oc-
curred when the immersion of the aeration rotor
into the waste was equal to approximately one-
third of the liquid depth. A liquid volume of 200 to
250 cubic feet of ditch volume per foot of rotor
length served to maintain a velocity that prevented
solids from settling in the ditch. With sufficient
gutter volume to give 50 days detention time, the
aerobic digestion process can reduce the 5-day
BOD of hog waste from approximately 35,000 mg/1
to around 3000 mg/1. (White-Iowa State)
0178 - D4
STUDY OF THE USE OF THE OXIDATION
DITCH TO STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL
MANURES IN COLD CLIMATE,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
;j. A. Moore, R. E. Larson, and E. R. Allred.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969,p 172-177.3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Climates, 'Air tem-
perature, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical
oxygen demand, Cattle, Rotors, Stabilization,
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Slatted floor.
When loaded at the rate of one animal per 210 cu.
ft. of liquid it appears that the oxidation ditch can
be operated in cold weather. From results of this
trial it can be projected that the oxidation ditch can
successfully function to contain and provide
minimal treatment to beef cattle wastes in cold cli-
mate with the pollutional threat stored until spring.
At that time the liquid which is too polluted to be
discharged to a waterway might be applied to a
receptive soil media for further treatment. The
results of a summer operation at a loading rate of
one animal per 140 cu. ft. of liquid, indicate that
the system achieved an 87% reduction of 5 day
BOD. Additional treatment will be required how-
ever, because the BOD of the slurry was 22,000
mg/1 at the end of the test period. Results indicate
that the oxidation ditch system can be used to treat
beef waste in climates which experience extended
periods of sub-freezing temperatures, although
digestion is minimal at these temperatures. Some
foaming resulted but was not a limiting parameter.
Normal operation has resulted in a low odor level.
Sludge buildup was not a problem with an annual
cleanoutcycle. (White-IowaState)
0179 - C3, D4
CHANGES IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINU-
OUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NITROGEN,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
J. B. Edwards, and J. B. Robinson.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 178-184. 5 fig, 2 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, Poultry,
Aeration, Nitrification, Denitrificalion, Oxidation-
reduction potential, Rotors, Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Nitrogen loss, 'Oxidation ditch.
The objectives were (a) to study the nitrogen trans-
formation in continuously aerated liquid manure,
.{b) to determine the most efficient means of
eliminating nitrogen from waste (for situations in
which sufficient land is not available to meet
guidelines for pollution control) and (c) to deter-
mine what steps must be taken to prevent losses of
nitrogen from liquid manure (for situations in
which crop utilization is an integral part of the
.operation, and sufficient land is available). The
study was limited to liquid poultry manure and this
•report deals, in a preliminary way, with changes in
nitrogen components in such waste continuously
Derated in both laboratory units and in an oxidation
ditch. The results show that the mechanical rotor as
operated was not capable of maintaining strictly
aerobic conditions in the ditches for more than a
few days. In spite of thii, odor did not become a
problem. From the limited data obtained, the ox-
idation ditch appears to be a useful device for con-
trolling the ultimate nitrogen content of the
.manure before land utilization. By encouraging the
nitrification-denitrification sequence nitrogen can
be removed and, presumably, by inhibiting nitrifi-
cation, nitrogen could be conserved. (White-Iowa
State)
0180 - B2, D4
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES
UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEE OXIDATION
DITCH, SETTLING TANK, LAGOON SYSTEM,
Farmland Industries, Inc.
Gerald R. Force, and Richard A. O'Dell.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 185-192.7 tab, 6 fig, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Lagoons, 'Ef-
ficiencies, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Hydrogen-ion
concentration, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Settling tank, Total
solids, Fixed solids, Volatile solids.
The system studied was two buildings, capable of
holding 10 sows and litters apiece, located over ox-
idation ditches. The ditches emptied into a settling
tank which in turn emptied into a lagoon. Measure-
ments of dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, BOD,
COD, various solids determinations, various
nitrogen determinations, and bacterial quantitation
were taken and presented in 7 tables and 5 graphs.
The data indicated that the oxidation ditch itself
operated at approximately 50% efficiency under
optimum operating conditions. The total system
ditch, settling tank and lagoon appeared to operate
between 70 and 90 per cent efficiency, depending
on the research parameter studied. (White-Iowa
State)
0181 - F4
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL - A
PROFILE FOR ACTION,
Federal Water Pollution Control Federation, Kan-
sas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
John M. Rademacher, and Anthony V. Resnik.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 193-202.17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Legislation, Groundwater, Water Quality
Act.
210
-------
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Animal production.
Research, Regulation.
This paper set the stage for the presentation of
technical papers which followed at the Cornell
University Animal Waste Management Con-
ference. The background of animal production and
examples of the pollution problem were given. Fac-
tors causing the problem of animal waste disposal
were discussed as well as accomplishments to date.
These accomplishments included Federal laws to
control pollution. A profile for action was
presented as a model for action. The essential ele-
ments were Re-education, Research and Regula-
tion. He states that we have neither adequate
knowledge for control nor full cooperation and in-
volvement of all levels of Government and the
private sector to solve the problems resulting from
feedlot operations. More attention must be given to
feedlot location and research devoted to the in-
stitutional problems of animal waste management.
There must be an organized and coordinated, inter-
disciplinary approach to animal waste disposal
(White-Iowa State)
0182 - A2, C2, C3, C4
CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER QUALITY
HYDROLOGY,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
T. E. Norton,and R. W. Hansen.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management; 1969, p 203-216. 2 tab, 14 fig, 14
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, *Hydrographs,
•Water quality, Rainfall simulators, Rainfall inten-
sity, Biochemical oxygen demand, Runoff, Al-
kalinity, Water pollution control. Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot runoff, 'Hydrology charac-
teristics, Surface storage, Effective depth, Over-
land flow.
The hydrologic and quality characteristics of runoff
waste water resulting from precipitation on cattle
feedlots are presented. The. overall objective of the
study was to determine if the hydrology charac-
teristics could be correlated with the quality
characteristics through a modification of the flat
plate model of overland flow. Once this correlation
was established, the results were used to predict the
quantity and quality of the runoff from existing
feedlots. The field equipment consisted of rainfall
simulation equipment and a sample collection and
control device. Runoff was collected and analyzed
from a 28 sq. ft. plot in 18 separate runs on 13 dif-
ferent feedlots. The pollution characteristics of
BOD, dissolved solids and alkalinity were corre-
lated with an effective depth of overland flow. The
correlation method and equations developed were
used in an example of BOD prediction. (White-
Iowa State)
0183 - A2, Bl, C5
THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POL-
LUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Texas Technological Coll., Lubbock. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
W. Grub, R. C. Albin, D. M. Wells, and R. Z.
Wheator.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 217-224.5 fig, 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Runoff,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Composition of wastes. Ra-
tions, Feedlot layout, Waste accumulation.
Incorporating both engineering and biological
aspects, this report contains an analysis of data and
suggests management and design practices that
could materially reduce the pollution contributed
from the small but densely populated feedlot area.
The composition and quantity of wastes is looked
at. The type of ration and changes in accumulated
wastes are discussed in relation to the former top-
ics. The effects of precipitation, surfacing material
and slope, depth of waste accumulation, feedlot
layout, and ration composition are discussed with
°f
0184 - C3, C4, D4
TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CAT-
TLE FEEDLOTS - FIELD RESULTS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
Raymond C.Loehr.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1 969, p 225-24 1 . 8 fig, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Anaerobic
conditions. Alkalinity, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Chemical oxygen demand, Ammonia,
Nitrates, Nitrites, Rainfall, Water pollution,
Digestion, Waste water treatment. •
Identifiers: •Feedlots, 'Aerobic stabilization,
•Polishing unit, 'Intermittent loading, Volatile
acids. Volatile solids, Total solids, Turbine blower.
Results are presented from a field demonstration
study to investigate an anaerobic-aerobic treatment
system for beef cattle feedlot waste water, some of
the management aspects of such a system are
discussed, and data are presented on the quality of
runoff from beef cattle feedlots. The demonstration
system consisted of a 40,000 gallon anaerobic unit
which overflowed into a 15,000 gallon aerobic unit.
Aerobic stabilization was accomplished by means
of a turbine blower and a simple diffuser system.
The effluent from the aeration unit flowed to a
polishing unit which provided for separation of the
residual solids. The ability of this system to reduce
the pollution from feedlot runoff was demon-
strated. The system was able to absorb shock loads
of waste that were periodically scraped. into the
anaerobic unit. The results of the study showed that
frequent addition of wastes to the system, frequent
mixing of the anaerobic unit, and removal of only a
portion of the contents of the anaerobic unit
materially assisted the satisfactory performance of
the unit and the maintenance of equilibrium condi-
tions. The individual units have been shown to
function adequately with a minimum of attention.
Further treatment would be required before the ef-
fluent could be released to a receiving stream.
(White-Iowa State)
0185 - F4
WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
Charles E. Ostrander.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management. 1969, p 242-244.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Nitrogen, Mortality
Water pollution effects, Incineration, Storage'
Odor, Disposal, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Compost, Nuisance, Pollution hazard
Residential areas. Neighbors.
The immediate concern of the author was the im-
provement and the prevention of further destruc-
tion of our environment. He spoke of the mag-
nitude of the agricultural waste problem indicating
the greatness of the technological and economic
aspects. The importance of animal waste aa a
source of organic nitrogen was pointed out, as were
the dangers of inorganic nitrogen. Methods of han-
dling and storage were brought out. The problem of
disposing of mortality cases and possible solutions
was discussed. Stress was placed on the creation of
a favorable image of agriculture in the eyes of the
public. (White-Iowa State)
0186 - D2, E3, Fl
MANURE CONSERVATION,
HUPSI Corp., Wabash, Ind.
Robert M. LaSalle, Jr., and Mark Launder.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 245-248. I fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, Poultry.
Potash, Air-conditioning, Cross profit, Costs,
Dehydration, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Phosphoric acid, Anhydrous am-
monia, 'Manure conservation.
Tests were conducted in the fall and winter of 1967
on a proposed system of manure conservation.
Poultry manure was stabilized and used as a fertil-
izer rather than going through a bio-degradation
process. Troughs were placed under the chickens
and a weak phosphoric acid solution flowed by
gravity under subsequently lower cage levels and
finally into a sump from which it was pumped to the
upper most levels. Droppings were immediately
stabilized, denatured, and deodorized upon falling
into the solution. Additional treatment consists of
buffering to reduce the acidity to the proper value
for fertilizer and adding potash to increase the
potash values to that commensurate with the
nitrogen and phosphate analysis for commercial
use. Buffering can be done with anhydrous am-
monia or potash so that either the nitrogen or
potash values are augmented. By these means con-
trol is available to bring the final product to any
desired fertilizer analysis. An analysis of 10-3-2 can
command a price of $61.60 per ton with a gross
profit of 414.50 if dehydration is used. By
refrigerating the solution flowing under the
chickens, the chicken house is completely and per-
fectly air conditioned. (White-Iowa State)
0187 - AS, B2, D4
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS
WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID
MANURE STORAGE TANKS,
Guelph Univ., (Ontario). Dept. of Poultry Science.
J. P. Walker, fuidJ.Pos.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 249-253.3 Fig, 1 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Per-
formance, Anaerobic conditions, Aerobic condi-
tions, Mortality, Odor, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Feed conversion.
Aerator, Population equivalent, Egg production.
The hen housed egg production, feed conversion
and mortality performance of caged layers in a pen
with oxidation ditches was slightly better than that
of caged layers in pens with liquid manure, storage
tanks. The odor in the pens with oxidation ditches
was leas offensive than in the pens with anaerobic
storage. Aerators, however, should be installed out-
side the pen area. The tank design is very important
from the standpoint of liquid circulation, and
clean-out. A drain to a sump hole for cleaning is es-
sential. The foaming problem, while controlled by
commercial anti-foaming agents, limits the practi-
cal application of aerators for poultry until a more
economical means is found. Cage systems that do
not need dropping boards (eg. full stair-steps)
should be used; this would eliminate shock loading,
reduce odors and labor requirements. (White-Iowa
State)
0188 - A6, Bl, Dl
PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME
SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN
211
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NORTHERN EUROPE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Animal
Science.
A.M. Meek, W.G. Merrill,andR. A. Pierce.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management. 1969. p 254-259.4 fig. 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Storage,
Odor, Disposal, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Handling system.
Slatted floors. Poisonous gases, Agitation, Free-
stall housing.
Dairy manure handling systems and operations
were visited in Scotland, England, Denmark and
Sweden. The various types of systems consisted of
under-building and outside-underground storage
facilities with some type of pump or shuttle agita-
tion system. Many incorporated steel or concrete
slatted floors with manure storage pits underneath.
Problems of odor and poisonous gases were
discussed. A list of 15 safety points for the preven-
tion of gas problems was given. Symptoms of gas
poisoning were also listed. (White-Iowa State)
0189 - AS, C3
MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH
OF ANIMAL MANURES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.T.Sobel.
In: Animal Waste Management. Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 260-270.6 fig, 4 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, Poultry,
Anaerobic conditions, Pollutant identification,
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Vapor dilution, 'Threshold Odor
Number, 'Odor Intensity Index, Liquid dilution,
Panel, Batch condition, Odor strength, Ranking.
Strength is a characteristic of an odor that can be
measured. In contrast to characteristics such as
quality and occurrence which rely only on in-
dividual opinion, strength allows associating a
number with an odor. This can be very valuable for
comparing manure handling systems as to odor
production. Measurement of odor strength is
usually accomplished by determining the mag-
nitude of dilution required so that the odor is just
detectable (olfactory threshold). The human nose
is utilized as the detector. The application of the
measurement of odor strength to animal manures
was attempted in the laboratory. The method of
liquid dilution and the method of vapor dilution
were investigated. Vapor dilution looks at the
odors arising from the manure while liquid dilution
is concerned with the odors in the manure or the
odor potential of the manure. Fifteen conclusions
and observations were made as a result of the stu-
dy. (White-Iowa State)
0190 - AS, Bl, C3, C4
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE AS-
SOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AND
ODOR GENERATION,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science.
William E. Burnett, and Norman C. Dondero.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 271-291. 18 fig, 1 tab, S3
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor, Aero-
bic bacteria, Anaerobic bacteria, Ammonia,
Hydrogen sulfide, Sulfur bacteria, Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Olfactory threshold test, 'Odor Inten-
sity Index, 'Threshold odor numbers, Uric acid,
Odor panel, Volatile organic acids.
Changes in the microbial and chemical composi-
tion of batch lots of 'dry' and liquid' poultry
manure during decomposition were related to the
production of offensive odors. The decomposition
of uric acid by both aerobic and anaerobic
uricolytic bacteria appeared to be related to the
formation of significant quantities of ammonia. The
number of sulfate-reducing bacteria, including
Desulfovibrio species, increased during the course
of decomposition of liquid poultry manure. These
organisms were implicated as producers of some of
the hydrogen sulfide in liquid poultry waste. There
were apparent correlations between an increase in
odor intensity of liquid manure with increased
storage time and the concentrations of volatile or-
ganic acids, ammonia, and sulfides. (Miner-Iowa
State)
0191 ,- AS, D3
CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ODOR REMOVAL IN
SOIL SYSTEMS,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
R. C. Gumerman, and D. A. Carlson.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 292-302.6 fig, 1 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Hydrogen sul-
fide. Soil moisture, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Soil filter, 'Removal mechanism, De-
tention time, Reaction temperature.
On the basis of the data presented, it was found
possible to postulate mechanisms which describe
the removal of hydrogen sulfide species on soil in
both wet and dry conditions. Removal of high con-
centrations of hydrogen sulfide from moving air
streams is performed much more efficiently by dry
soil than wet. Inter-related parameters which in-
fluence the removal of hydrogen sulfide by dry
sterile soil are detention time, reaction tempera-
ture, amount of hydrogen sulfide entering, concen-
tration of hydrogen sulfide, and the total flow rate.
A method of design optimization is presented
which determines for a given concentration and in-
fluent gas temperature, the total flow rate at which
the maximum removal of hydrogen sulfide per unit
time results. It is felt this design optimization-
method should be restricted to air streams contain-
ing only hydrogen sulfide, until further research
delineates the removal mechanism for other
odorous gases. (White-Iowa State)
0192 - A5, A6, D2
POULTRY HOUSE DUST, ODOR AND THEIR
MECHANICAL REMOVAL,
Harry J. Eby.and G. B. Willson.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 303-309.1 tab, 5 fig, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor,
•Dusts, Filters, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Foam pad filters. Clogging.
Tests of plastic foam pad filters as a method of
trapping the odor carrying dusts from a poultry
house exhaust fan air stream have shown that foam
pads of 10 to 40 pores per square inch are effective.
However, the tests show that such pads become
clogged with dust in about 6 to 9 hours of opera-
tion. Vacuum cleaning and water washing methods
of cleaning for continued use were ineffective and
the high initial cost of the foam filter material were
deemed to make this method impractical. Tests of a
device in which the exhaust air is deflected tangen-
tially across a 1/2 inch mesh screen showed that
such methodsyvould remove at least a portion of
the odor carrying dust. These were also deemed im-
practical in that the filter ability would appear to be
a direct function of the relative humidity and as
such would be the least efficient when low relative
humidity within the poultry house would make the
dust problem the greatest. Other methods of possi-
ble filtering techniques were discussed. (White-
Iowa State)
0193 - A3, C2, C3, C4, D4
CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUEOUS SOLU-
TIONS OF CATTLE MANURE,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
John C. Ward, and E.M.Jex.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 310-326. 5 fig, 4 tab, 25 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Aqueous
solutions. Biochemical oxygen demand, Dissolved
solids. Hydrogen ion concentration. Foaming, Ox-
idation-reduction potential, Coagulation, Waste
.water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Volatile solids, 'Colloidal properties.
Activation energy.
The primary objective was to investigate the aque-
ous characteristics (biochemical oxygen demand,
conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential,
coagulation and colloidal properties, dissolved
solids, volatile solids, and foaming) of solutions of
cattle manure containing the combined urine and
feces present in samples from cattle feedlots. This
information could then be used in the design of
facilities for treating runoff from cattle feedlots. It
was assumed that treatment of this runoff would
probably be by means of lagoons used to capture
the runoff, and that these lagoons would be artifi-
cially aerated. In this type of aerobic treatment, the
biochemical oxygen demand is satisfied in much
the same way as in a stream. Formulas were
developed and explained and 25 references were
utilized. (White-Iowa State)
0194 - C4
TYPICAL VARIATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN
THE MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND
OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
E. Paul Taiganides, and Richard K. White.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 327-335. 2 tab, 7 fig, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Oxygen demand, Temperature, Hogs,
Cattle, Poultry, Sheep, Pollutant identification,
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Warburg, 'SewageSeeding, 'BOD ox-
ygen probe, Dilution effects.
Tables and figures were presented to emphasize the'
inherent variability in the parameters used in mea-
suring oxygen demand. Reliable values of oxygen
demand are essential because they are used as
design parameters in waste treatment plants. Past
and present experiments are being done with large
numbers of replicates for each experiment to deter-
mine a reliable range of values for the various ox-
ygen demand parameters of animal wastes. BOD
was expressed in milligrams of oxygen required per
gram of total solid matter (mg O2/g TS) since
values' reported in ppm or mg/l are useless because
of the large variability in solid content of the waste
and the high dilutions needed for the BOD test.
Three methods of determining the .BOD of animal
waste were tested. These were the standard test,
the BOD oxygen probe and Warburg. Effects of
temperature and seeding with sewage were also ex-
plored. (White-Iowa State)
0195 - C5, D4
ROLE OF EXCRETED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODI-
FYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF
FEEDLOT WASTE
212
-------
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of
Microbiology.
S. M. Morrison, D. W. Grant, Sister M. P. Nevins,
and Keith Elmund.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 336-339. 1 tab,2ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Antibiotics, Cultures,
Cattle, Confinement pens, Biodegradation, Pesti-
cide residues, Assay, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: 'Chlortetracycline, 'Biological sta-
bilization, Feedlot, Manure decomposition,
Microbial decomposition, In situ manure.
The results presented in this paper are derived from
studies on the process of biological stabilization of
feedlot manure and the acceleration of the sta-
bilization process. It is a specific study on some
microbial inhibitions which may be playing a role in
the biodegradation of feedlot waste. Samples of
manure were taken from pasture, in situ manure
from feedlot pens, and stockpiled manure from a
feedlot. Cultures of the filter-sterilized manure ex-
tract gave rather conclusive evidence that the sub-
stance causing growth inhibition in the extracts was
Chlortetracycline residue in the excreted manure. It
was calculated that 75% of the, ingested antibiotic
was excreted in the feces. Temperature tests' in-
dicate that during the winter months biodegrada-
tion of manure is not only inhibited by cold tem-
peratures but also by the persistence of the an-
tibiotic residue and the continuous deposition of
antibiotic containing fresh manure. (White-Iowa
State)
0196 - C3, E3
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON
POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of
Animal Science.
F. F. El-Sabban, T. A. Long, R. F. Gentry, and D.
E. H. Frear.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, 1969, p 340-346. 4 tab, 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Nitrogen,
Carbohydrates, Insulation, Ventilation, Mineralo-
gy, Moisture, Correlation analysis, Nutrients,
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Litter composition, 'Nutritive value,
Dry matter, Crude protein, True protein, Ether ex-
tract, Crude fiber.
A study was conducted to determine the chemical
composition of poultry waste (litter and manure),
relevant to its possible utilization as a source of
nutrients. Litter samples were obtained from 33
broiler houses and 22 laying houses. Fresh manure
was secured from S houses having layers in cages.
The dry matter content was determined and sam-
ples were analyzed for crude protein, true protein,
crude fiber, ether extract, and total ash. In addi-
tion, twelve mineral elements were determined.
Poultry litter was found to contain considerable
amounts of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and car-
bohydrates. Various factors such as bird type, bird
density, kind of litter base material, litter depth,
and poultry house conditions (ventilation, insula-
tion, and house temperature) were all found to af-
fect the proximate components of poultry litter. If
poultry waste is to be utilized for its nutritive value
for plants or animals, it is recommended that each
batch be chemically analyzed before use. Although
a limited number of sample: was available, varia-
tion in composition was sufficient to warrant their
individual analysis. (White-Iowa State)
0197 - D2
REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL
MANURES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.t.Sobel.
Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cornell
University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 347-362,1969. S fig, 2 tab, 12 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Moisture
content. Odor, Weight, Volume, Humidity, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Equilibrium moisture content, 'Rela-
tive humidity, Handling characteristics, Volatile
solids. Drying times. Thermal removal.
The removal of water from animal manures
changes the handing characteristics of the manure,
reduces the weight and volume to be handled, and
reduces the offensive odor of the manure. Water
can be removed from manure by mechanical, ther-
mal, and absorptive means. Mechanical methods
such as direct pressing present the difficulty of the
removed water containing considerable volatile
solids. Thermal removal was investigated from the
standpoint of utilizing a thin layer, unheated air,
and very low or 'static' air velocity. The equilibri-
um moisture content of chicken manure is com-
parable with other agricultural hygroscopic materi-
als. Equilibrium moisture content values are
presented for temperatures 70, 90, 110F. Drying
times for chicken manure under these conditions is
in terms of days. Drying times are greatly in-
fluenced by sample variation. Effects of humidity
on drying time are significant but sample variation
has an effect similar to a plus or minus 15% relative
humidity change. Moisture loss from a 'deep' layer
of manure is less than that from a free water sur-
face. (White-Iowa State)
0198 - F4
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VS. ENVIRON-
MENTAL QUALITY • AN IMPASSE, '
Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C.
Natural Resource Economics Div.
Joseph P. Biniek.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management,p 363-368,1969. 14 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Economic efficiency,
Water Quality Act, Air pollution, Odors, Water
pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Livestock production, 'Production ef-
ficiency, 'Environmental quality, Quality stan-
dards, Public conern, Economic development.
The possibilities of merging the two objectives of
production efficiency and environmental quality
are explored. To establish a basis for merging the
two objectives, the author discusses environmental
quality, quality standards, and public concern.
Secondly he reviews the changing concepts of
economic efficiency and illustrates these changes
by discussing four stages of economic develop-
ment. The discussion is concluded with a section
devoted to the merging of the two objectives, en-
vironmental quality and production efficiency. An
impasses can be averted, but it will require new
> modes of thought, and constructive responses to
new situations. (White-Iowa State)
0199 - Al, Bl, D2, D4, Fl
RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE
DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY
TECHNIQUES,
Resource Engineering Associates, Inc., Stamford,
Conn.
Robert W. Okey, Robert N. Rickles, and Robert B.
Taylor.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 369-387, 1969. 5 fig, 17 tab, 11
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Cattle, 'Cost analysis.
Effluent, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical
oxygen demand. Odor, Aeration, Nitrogen
Denitrification, Ultimate disposal. Incineration,
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Wet systems. Dry systems, Effluent
standards, Clarifier systems, Biological conversion.
Solids conditioning system. Scrubbing system, An-
cillary system.
The report presents the basic elements required for
the design of two waste treatment facilities to han-
dle the wastes from feedlots carrying 500, 1000,
5,000, 10,000. and 25,000 animals. The plants
were designed to meet specified liquid and gaseous
effluent standards. The standards selected are be-
lieved to be consistent with present and projected
effluent requirements. It should be noted that some
water courses may not be able to assimilate ef-
fluents of the quality discussed here. The two
systems designed and costed in this work employed
on one hand more or less conventional liquid waste
treatment procedures; the other employed in-
cineration and treated the undiluted animal waste
as delivered as a solid waste, i.e., sludge. The
capital and operational cost of these systems were
computed and related to the number of animals
and the gain anticipated in the feedlot. A waste
treatment cost in terms of animal-years and per
pound was then obtained. Five conclusions were
reached as a result of the study, among them, that
wet systems are more expensive to own and operate
than systems designed to handle solids. (White-
Iowa State)
0200 - E2, E3, Fl
THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE
DISPOSAL,
New York State Coll. of Agriculture, Ithaca.
R. E. Linton.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 388-392,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Economics,
•Land use, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potash, New York, Disposal, Waste water treat-
ment. ,
Identifiers: 'Land disposal, 'Cost calculations,
•Waste management. Transportation costs, Cat-
skill resort industry.
This study was initiated in response to the general
problem of conflicts over rural land use, particu-
larly those involving farm operations. More specifi-
cally and as a notable example, the study dealt with
the problems of conflict between poultry and other
land uses. The problem of land use conflict related
to waste management was approached through the
aspect of recognizing the internal costs to farmers
of some of the alternatives in waste management.
As a result of the study one particular pattern of
manure disposal seemed to justify serious con-
sideration and was singled out for discussion and
cost calculations. This pattern included some
means of land spreading as a practical and accepta-
ble disposal method. Comments were made about
the value of poultry manure in replacing commer-
cial fertilizer, and this value is discussed as a means
of at least partial disposal cost recovery. (White-
Iowa State)
0201 - E2, Fl
ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND
DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE
MANURE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
L. W. McEachron, P. J. Zwerman.C. D. Kearl, and
R. B. Musgrave.
Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cornell
University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 393-400,1969.11 tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, »Fertilizers, 'Rota-
tions, Cattle, Economics, Soil types, Disposal
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Land disposal. Continu-
ous corn, Lima silt loam. Manure hauling and
spreading, Total digestible nutrients.
-------
Census of Agriculture data are presented to in-
dicate that dairy cattle manure could well be
disposed of on the land. Farm cost accounting data
are presented to indicate that cost per ton of haul-
ing and spreading averaged J1.92 for farms with
free stalls and about 140 cows to $3.18 for those
with stanchions and 65 cows. Percent yield in-
crease on crops grown per ton of manure applied
range from .4% tor oats to 6.6% for alfalfa. These
percent yield increases were generalized without
regard to mineral fertilization and applied to War-
ren's (1968) yield data for the state of New York at
various farming levels. Without a charge for haul-
ing and spreading dairy cattle manure crop yield
returns ranged from $1.42 per tone to a deficit of
$0.26. (White-IowaState)
0202 - AS, B2, Fl
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID
MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY
BARNS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
George L. Casler.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 401-406, 1969.3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Economics, 'Value,
Cattle, Costs, Odor, Fertilizer, New York, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Liquid manure system, 'Labor dis-
tribution, 'Labor requirements, Dairy cattle, Free
stall barns.
The purpose was to evaluate liquid manure systems
in free-stall dairy barns primarily from an economic
viewpoint. If a liquid manure system is to be
justified, such justification will have to be based on
other advantages in addition to increased manure
value and reduced labor requirement. The primary
other advantage is the possibility of not hauling
manure at periods of peak labor demand for plant-
ing and harvesting crops. However, to actually reap
the benefits of improved labor distribution, a
dairyman needs a reasonably long storage period
and must very carefully plan his cleaning schedule.
In addition, the very unpleasant odor created at the
time the storage tank is emptied precludes the use
of a liquid manure system in areas where neighbors
would object to this odor. It appears to the author
that the air pollution or odor problem is much more
serious with a liquid manure system than with daily
apreading. (While-Iowa State)
0203 - F2, F3
WHO SHOULD REGULATE POULTRY CON-
FLICT PROBLEMS.
Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Coll. of Agricul-
ture.
David J. Alice, and Pierre Clavel.
In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor-
nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste
Management, p 407-414, 1969. 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Technology,
Local governments, State government, Odor, Com-
munication, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Regulatory mechanisms, Industry
committee, Political resources. Waste management
technology, Conflict, Resolution of problems.
Economic and social theory applicable to conflict
situations, such as those that arise downstream or
downwind from poultry houses, has some ability to
indicate directions for administered solutions to
these problems. Based upon such theory, related
research and a case'study of a number of ways in
which rural communities have dealt with situations
of stress between components of the community,
the outlook for regulatory devices is appraised. An
informal voluntary industry committee approach is
found to be as effective in bringing together neces-
sary technical expertise and social regulatory
mechanisms as any other approach which the
limited resources of many rural communities can
support. It is suggested that because of a shortage
of administrative and political resources many rural
areas will resist effective resolution of conflict
problems due to agricultural wastes until finally
controls will be imposed by essentially urban
oriented units of government. (White-Iowa State)
0204 - F4
POULTRY POLLUTION: PROBLEMS AND
SOLUTIONS.
Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, East
Lansing.
Research Report 117, Farm Science, July 1970. S3
pages.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dehydra-
tion, Eggs, Nitrogen, Diets, Feeds, Odor, Water
pollution, Air pollution. Soil contamination. Dis-
ease, Insects, Standards, Land use, Septic tanks.
Sludge disposal, Digestion, Ventilation, Rates of
application. Corn, Nitrate, Chemical properties,
Drying, Moisture content, Nutrients, Taste.
Identifiers: Environmental quality, Indoor lagoons,
Laying hens. Feed conversion. Egg production.
Dehydrated poultry waste. Feed efficiency.
The report contains eleven articles with an in-
troduction and a table compilation of properties of
poultry waste that were analyzed. Reports on in-
door septic handling of poultry manure and effect
of application rate of chicken manure on corn
yields are presented. A large part of the report
deals with drying and feeding poultry manure to
laying hens. Results of feeding dehydrated poultry
waste to laying hern and its effect on egg produc-
tion, feed conversion, body weight, egg weight,
shell thickness, Haugh score, egg taste, and quality
changes during storage are presented. Acceptabili-
ty and digestibility of poultry and dairy wastes by
sheep is also reported. Bacteriological procedures
and current research being carried out at Michigan
State University conclude the report.
(White-Iowa State)
0205 - F4
INTRODUCTION,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Depf. of
Poultry Science.
H. C. Zindel, and C. 1. Flegal.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 4-7.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Odor, Water
pollution, Air pollution. Soil contamination.
Technology, Nitrates, Nitrites, Disease, Insects,
Treatment, Disposal, Standards, Land use.
Identifiers: 'Environmental quality, 'Confinement
production, Animal management. Facility design.
The introductory remarks explain that agriculture-
related pollution is but one part of a large national
problem; so it must be considered together with
municipal, industrial, marine and all other types of
pollution in developing an integrated plan for im-
proving the quality of our environment. The
volume of livestock wastes produced a a function
of the degree concentration and the size of in-
dividual production units. Animal wastes are of
concern in water, air, and soil pollution. Examples
of the increasing numbers of livestock and poultry
being produced are given. New and improved
technology is needed to handle the wastes from
these animals. Problems discussed concerning pol-
lution are: disease, odor, soil contamination, and
insects. Four areas of emphasis are given that en-
compass the elements of a program for controlling
animal wastes, (See also wf 1-03555) (White-Iowa
State)
0206 - AS, B2, D4
POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR
SEPTIC TANKS (SO-CALLED INDOOR
LAGOONS'),
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
J. A. Davidson, and C.), Mackson,
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 8-9.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Septic
tanks, 'Sludge, Sludge disposal. Digestion, Odor,
Ventilation.
Identifiers: 'Indoor lagoons, Laying hens, Com-
pressed air agitation, Paddle wheel agitation. Floor
space.
The report details the UK of shallow water filled
tanks for the disposal of poultry manure. The ex-
periment was carried on for S yean, during which
time several variations were used. The original ex-
periment consisted of a tank 10' x 24' x 2* deep in a
pen 20' x 24'. The tank was filled with 18" of water
and all droppings were caught in the tank. The
second year, compressed air was used to agitate the
material. Approximately 9 inches of sludge was
cleaned out after 11 months of operation. Flies
were no problem. Successive experiments used dif-
ferent amounts and methods of agitation. Each
year the sludge accumulation was cleaned out with
a septic tank service truck. Indoor septic tanks (in-
door lagoons) covering 112 the floor space can han-
dle the droppings from 300 laying hens for at least
11 months. This means one annual cleaning. This
method could be used in cage operations.
(White-Iowa State)
0207 - E3
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION RATE OF
CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF
CORN,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of
Poultry Science.
L. S. Robertson, and John Worford.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 10-
Detcriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Chemical
properties, 'Rates of application. Hydrogen ion
concentration. Phosphorus, Potassium, Sou tests.
Corn, Crop production, Michigan, Nitrate; Mag-
nesium, Carbon.
Identifiers; 'Plant food content, Huron County
Michigan.
The report begins by giving an indication of the
magnitude of the poultry manure problem in
Michigan. Tables showing the chemical charac-
teristics and plant food content of chicken manure
are presented. The effect of high rates of manure
application upon soil test results are shown. The
application of 46.4 tons/acre of manure signifi-
cantly increased the levels of phosphorus, potassi-
um, magnesium, nitrate, and percent of carbon in
the soil. At the same time, the pH level was reduced
from 7.7 to 7.1. An experiment involving different
rates of poultry manure application, one fertilizer
application, and no treatment was used to deter-
mine the effect of chicken manure on com grain
yield. The use of commercial fertilizer did not in-'
crease corn yields. Previous field management
made this result expected. The use of several rates
of manure has not greatly affected the yields. The
use of 46.4 tons/acre tended to decrease corn
yields slightly. It is not known at the present time
whether this apparent depression it real. The data
suggest that a tremendous iuantity of chicken
manure can be incorporated into the soil without
any opportunity for damage to a corn crop.
(White-Iowa State)
0208 - D2
DRYING ANIMAL WASTE,
214
-------
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
T. C. Surbrook. J. S. Boyd. and H. C. Zindel.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing.
July 1970, p 16-20. 5 tab, 1 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Cattle,
•Hogs, 'Drying, Moisture content, Nutrients, Bulk
density. Costs, Screens, Electric power.
Identifiers: "Dryer operation, Hammemnill, Drying
chamber, Fuel consumption.
The report gives details and test results from a
machine used for drying animal waste. Production
figures for the drier while processing different
1 kinds of animal excreta are given. Details of the
drier operation are described. Initial moisture con-
tents ranged from 72 to 82 percent. The machine
incorporates inclined shaking surfaces and screens,
a hammermill and temperatures from 200 to
HOOF. The drier successfully processed dairy,
beef, swine and poultry excreta. Costs to produce
one ton of the dried product are given. A table
gives projected numbers of animals which the
machine might serve. Density and nutrient levels of
the dried excreta are listed. Odors were less intense
than that of fresh excreta. (White-Iowa State)
0209 - E3
THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY WASTE AS
A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
C. J. Flegal, and H. C. Zindel.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 21-
2g.Stab,2lref
SL/IKU>I «<«•*•"«•"»
Weight, Mortality.
Identifiers: 'Feed composition, Dehydrated
poultry waste, Significance, Feed efficiency.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the
nutritional value of dehydrated poultry waste
(DPW) for growing chicks from I to 28 days of
age. The four-week mean body weight of Leghorn-
type chicks was not influenced when up to 20 per-
cent of the diet consisted of the DPW. Diets which
contained levels of 10 and 20 percent DPW, when
fed to broiler-type chicks, resulted in a reduction in
four-week mean body weight; 3 percent DPW had
no influence on the four-week mean body weight.
Food efficiency was inversely related to the level of
DPW in the diet; i.e., the higher the level of DPW,
the poorer the feed efficiency. However, in the trial
in which broiler-type chicks were used, added fat
placed in the diet which contained 20 percent
DPW improved weight gain and feed efficiency. It
is suggested that the DPW used in these trials was a
low energy product. (White-IowaState)
0210 - E3
THE RESULT OF FEEDING DRIED POULTRY
WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG PRODUC-
TION AND FEED CONVERSION,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science,
C.J. Flegal. and H.C. Zindel.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 29-
3uT2tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Poultry, Eggs, Feeds,
Diets, Corn, Lipidi, Calcium, Phosphorus.
Identifiers: 'Egg production, 'Feed conversion,
Dried poultry waste, White Leghorn layers.
Four replicates of eight birds each were fed one of
thirteen possible diets which were presented in
tabular form. The 416 White Leghorn type layers
were on test for 139 consecutive days. Each hen
was confined in an individual cage having a floor
area of 8 x 16 inches. The percent egg production
on a hen housed bash and kilos of feed per dozen
eggs produced are also presented in tabular form.
These data are presently being statistically
analyzed to determine the differences, if any,
between the various treatments. It appears that
hens receiving control rations containing 10, 20,
and 30 percent dried poultry waste have respec-
tively lower production and higher feed require-
ments per dozen eggs. (White-IowaState)
0211 - E3
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED
POULTRY WASTE ON PRODUCTION, FEED
EFFICIENCY, BODY WEIGHT, EGG WEIGHT,
SHELL THICKNESS AND HAUGH SCORE,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
C. J. Flegal. and H. C. Zindel.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experimental Station, July 1970, p 31 -
33. 3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Poultry, 'Dehydra-
tion, 'Diets, Feeds, Eggs, Lipids, Efficiencies, Per-
formance, Weight, Protein, Nitrogen.
Identifiers: 'Production, 'Feed efficiency, Body
weight, Egg weight, Shell thickness, Haugh score.
Significant difference.
In this egg production experiment, one replicate of
18 twenty-six-week-old Leghorn type pullets was
placed on each of five different rations. The rations
varied from 0% to 40% dehydrated poultry waste
(DPW) plus fat. The production trial was con-
ducted for 366 days with the birds in individual
cages on a 15-hour-per-day light schedule. Protein-
nitrogen supplied in each of the rations was calcu-
lated to be equal. The highest percent egg produc-
tion resulted in those birds which received 10%
DPW in the ration. Although production varied
from 61.62% to 53.16% production, there was no
significant difference in hen housed production.
Feed efficiency again was inversely proportional to
the amount of DPW in a ration, with the best effi-
ciency having 0% DPW in the ration. However, an
addition of animal fat to the ration resulted in a
slight improvement in feed efficiency. It is also in-
teresting to note that those birds which received
more than 10% DPW in their diet did not increase
in body weight comparable to the control ration.
The egg weight became smaller as the percent of
DPW was increased in the diet. These differences
were not significantly different. Although there
were slight differences in shell thickness, again
there were no significant differences due to the diet
in any of these rations. All of the experimental ra-
tions had a significantly higher Haugh score than
the control diet. The Haugh scores ranged from
67.7 to 76.8. (White-Iowa State)
0212 - E3
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED
POULTRY WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON THE
TASTE OF THE RESULTING EGGS,
Mkhigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
C. J. Flegal, H. C. Goan.and H. C. Zindel.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Service, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 34-
38.2tab.9ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dehydra-
tion, Diets, Eggs, Evaluation, Taste, Control.
Identifiers: 'Dehydrated poultry waste. Taste test,
Consumer Preference Panel.
Poultry feces, from caged layers, were collected
and dried. The resulting product was designated as
dehydrated poultry waste (DPW). DPW was fed at
dietary levels of 10, 20 and 30 percent to Single
Comb White Leghorns in individual wire cages. A
cage-type laying diet was used as a control. The
diets were fed for four months before any eggs were
collected for taste panel evaluation. Eggs from
each treatment group were hard-cooked and
prepared for a Consumer Preference Panel. The
eggs were evaluated on the basis of taste difference
and then ranked for preferred taste. The dietary
levels of DPW fed had no significant (pA.05) effect
on the taste of eggs. Panel members were unable to
detect any consistent taste difference for the DPW
and control eggs. Two thirds of the time, panel
members liked the taste of the DPW eggs over the
taste of the control eggs. In each ranking test, panel
members preferred the control eggs over the DPW
eggs. (White-Iowa State)
0213 - E3
ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF
POULTRY AND DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
J. W. Thomas.
In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU
Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 42-
44. 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Sheep,
•Cattle, Protein, Nitrogen. Animal metabolism,
Digestion, Cellulose, Lignins, Fiber. Diets.
Identifiers: Total digestible nutrients. Dry matter.
Digestibility, Soybean meal. Nutritive value.
Dried poultry and dairy wastes as about one third
the total mixed ration were readily accepted by
sheep. The complete ration was about 60% digesti-
ble with a TON value of about 56. The digestibility
of the poultry feces was more than that of the dairy
feces. Protein of these wastes was less digestible
than that of soybean meal but had a biological
value equal to that of soybean meal for growing
sheep. (White-lowaState)
0214 - F4
RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL
AND WATER POLLUTION.
Cornell Univ.. Ithaca. N.Y.
Proceedings, Cornell University Conference on
Agricultural Waste Management, January 19-21,
1970. Ithaca, 1970. 270 p.
Descriptors: 'Soils, 'Farm wastes, "Fertilizers,
Croundwater, Precipitation, Potassium, Poultry,
Cattle, Hogs, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Phosphorus,
Phosphates, Rates of application. Nutrients, Ef-
fluent, Aquifer, Ammonia, Soil contamination,
Water pollution. Water table, Oxidation lagoon, Ir-
rigation, Aeration, Biochemical oxygen demand.
Chemical oxygen demand. Odor, Biological .treat-
ment, Costs, Denitrification, Nitrification, Sludge,
Storage, Nutrient requirements, Florida, Nebraska,
Surface runoff, Infiltration.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Oxidation ditch. Slotted
floors, Aerator, Spreading, Land disposal.
The 1970 Conference attempted to bring
knowledgeable individuals from many disciplines
together to discuss various aspects of the problem.
It was designed to serve as a mechanism for trans-
mitting new research findings to those interested in
this area and to demonstrate that agriculture is
aware of its potential contributions to environmen-
ference played a useful role in providing communi-
cation across disciplines. Thirty-two papers are
published in the proceedings dealing with all areas
of agricultural pollution. (White-lowaState)
0215 - B3. E2
MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN
SOIL.
Ruto*r> Unlv«r>ity.
J. E. St*ek*l.
taUtionshlp of Hqrlcultur* Co Soil and H«t
-------
Pollution; Proc«edingi, Cornell university Con-
ference on Agricultural Haste Management, 1970,
p. 30.
Dticriptorit *Fvn wastes, 'poultry, soils, soil
water, lysineteri, depth, precipitation, potas-
sium,, calciun, oagne'siun, sodium, nitrate, chlo-
rine, sulfates, phosphates, rates of application.
Identifiers! *Plow-furrow-cover
Poultry manure was Plow-Furrov-Cover (PFC) ap-
plied at depths of 6 to 7 inches into Freehold
-sandy low (20% clay in the B horizon} on June 6
1966. The application rates were 0, IS, 30 and
40 tons of water-free equivalent per acre. 'Soil
water samples were taken with suction Iriimeters
of depths of 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 inches.
Chemical analysis of the water has included de-
terminations of the contents of K, Ca, Mq, Na,
NH4-K, NO3-M, NO2-N, cl, SO4 and 104. Analytical
data was presented from samplings of October 4,
1969 (391 days and SO inches of rain after PFC).
The October 14 sampling indicated Increased ele-
ment concentrations were again increased, even
at the 49-inch depth. Data were presented on the
amount of elements dissolved in the soil water
for each of the 5 depths' studied, and for the
total in the 9 to 48-inch soil depth.(White-Iowa
state)
0216 - A4, A9, C3
S52S?ro!!rATHl QUALITY AND VLVCTV\.
^
Lorimor.andT. M. McCalla. '
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
Rochester. January 19-21. 1970, Ithaca. 1970. p
3 1 -40. 2 tab, 4 fig, 13 ref. *
Descriptor* •Farm wastes, •Cattle, •Ground-
water, 'Nitrate, Aquifer, Discharge. Aquifer
characteristics, Effluent stream, Groundwater
recharge, Transmissivity, Water level fluctuations,
Ammonia, Nebraska, Soil contamination, Observa-
tion wells, Water table, Infiltration.
Identifiers: 'feedlot, Plat te River Valley. •
The quality was investigated of the groundwater In
the proximity of a level feedlot on a permeable soil
with fluctuating, high water table. At the feedlot
site, the aquifer consists of 30-35 feet of high qua4i-
ty gravel having a coefficient of tra«smissibility in
the range of 90.000-120,000 gallons per day per
foot. Aquifer recharge occurs as a result of direct
precipitation and interflow from the valley uplands.
SU observation wells were installed in the vicinity
of the feedlot as well as six water level measuring
wells. Two recording wells, constructed of 4-inch
diameter aluminum irrigation pipe, were jetted into
the gravel aquifer. The water table depth at the
feedlot varies with the season. Groundwater level
changes reflect major rainstorms within hours after
the event. The maximum groundwater elevation
under the feedlot was approximately 2 feet below
the soil surface. Soil cores were taken to determine
the quantity of nitrate which could move into the
water table. Low levels of nitrate were found below
the first foot. Ammonia was present in only
moderate amounts below 3 feet (A30ppm) and
rapidly decreased in concentration with increased
depth to the water table. Analysis of the core sam-
ples indicated that downward movement of nitrates
and other forms of nitrogen in the soil wa^ minor.
The 12-15 inches of manure pack decreased the ac-
tual penetration depth of rhc nitrogen into the
profile. Some samples exhibited levels of nitrate
that exceeded Public Health standards (lOppmj.
This may have been due to the application of an-
hydrous ammonia prior to the first irrigation.
Generally, the nitrate analysis showed relatively
low nitrate level in the profile.
(White-Iowa State)
0217 - A3, A4, A9, E2
POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
EXCESSIVE POULTRY UTTER (MANURE) AP-
PLICATION IN ARKANSAS,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Agronomy.
Leslie H.Hileman.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural- Waste Management,
Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p
41-47.9 tab, 1 fig, 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Poultry, Water pollu-
tion, Soil contamination. Rates of application, Soil
tests, Phosphorus, Potassium magnesium, Suits,
Ions, Nitrates,
Identifiers: •Poultry litter, Mono-valent ions. Di-
valent ions,
There is an estimated one million tons of poultry
manure or manure plus litter produced from 390..
million chickens and turkeys grown in Arkansas an-
nually. The waste manure-litter is being returned to
the soil often at rates exceeding 10 tons per acre
annually. The data presented indicates that soil pol-
lution and related problems may occur. These
problems can be considered As: (1) excess soluble
salt, (2) chemical imbalance with particular
reference to K and the mono-valent to di-valent
ratio, (3) excessive nitrate production and occumu •
lation to toxic levels in forage and farm water sup-
plies, and (4) forages deficient in magnesium for
adequate animal nutrition. Further studies are
needed to understand the mechanisms by which
these conditions are carried out in the soil medium
so that effective measures can be taken to prevent
soil and water pollution. (White-Iowa State)
0218 - A2, 04
REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF
LIVESTOCK WASTES WITH IN-THE-BUILD-
ING OXIDATION DITCHES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
D.LDay.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
' ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
Roeltester, January 19-21, 1970. Ithaca, 1970, p
77-84. II fig..1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Oxidation lagoon. Ir-
rigation, Aeration, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Odor, Aerobic treatment. Labor, Rotors, Denitrifi-
cation, Coagulation, Effluent.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Slotted floors, Aera-
tor, Clarifier.
A low-odor, low-labor, system of managing
livestock wastes from animal to field is discussed.
The system consists of (1) a confinement building
for livestock, with self-cleaning, slotted floors; (2)
an oxidation ditch beneath the slotted floors; (3) a
nonoverflow of mixed liquor from the oxidation
ditch, and (4) irrigating equipment for removing
surplus liquids and solids from the lagoon and dis-
tributing them on nearby land when convenient for
the operator. This system greatly improves the
quality of the waste water, but without further
treatment the waste Water would probably not meet
quality criteria for the receiving water. Thus the
main advantages of the system are: low labor, low
bdor, low stream-pollution potential, and operator
convenience. (White-Iowa State)
0219 - B2, D4, Fl
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN
ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL M /vSTK
DISPOSAL SCHEME,
Resource Engineering Associates, Wilton. (, onn.
R.W.Okey.andR.tfRickles.
In: Relationship of Agriculture To Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
Rochester, January 19-21, I'J70, Ithaca, 1970, p
85-97. 11 tab, 4 fig, 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Biological
treatment, Treatment facilities, Capital costs,
Operating costs, Installation costs, Sludge, Cen-
trifugation, Devitrification, Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Incineration, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemi-
cal oxygen demand.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot, Population equivalent, Waste
management, Clnrifer, Transport system.
Based »n earlier work, a complete system for the
capture, transport and treatment of the wastes from
a /5,0'Ki animal lot was presented. System capital
costs ure seen to be about $1.00 • $2.00/ton, and
operating costs are around $3.00 - $4.00 per ton of
wet waste. These costs result in a cost/lb gained of
less than half a cent to about a cent. The costs for
the least expensive system are an order of mag-
nitude below feed costs. The installation costs are
in the order of $15.00 to $40.00/animal or less than
the capital cost as the least expensive confinement
scheme. Economic feasibility is a combination of
many things. One of the most important is the
relevance of a particular item when all the costs are
considered. The costs of waste treatment at
feedlots would appear to represent roughly the
same fraction of the total costs as seen in other in-
dustries. (White-Iowa State)
0220 - B2, Fl
THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING
AND SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE
FOR CONFINED FEEDER HOG ENTERPRISES,
M. F. McKenna, and J. H. Clark.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Man Demerit,
Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca. 1970 p
98-110. 12 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Storage
' capacity. Chemical analysis, Fertilizers, Storage
tanks, Value, Soil contamination, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium, Nutrient requirements.
Linear programming.
Identifiers: 'Spreading, Seasonal application.
Disposal costs.
The main hypothesis made.at the outset of the stu-
dy, that the economically optimal storage capacity
would be affected by the density of hogs per acre
and the crops under cultivation on the farm was
supported. Of these two factors it was found that
the ratio of hogs per acre was thr. more significant.
For a spreading operation with the relatively high
fixed costs associated with spreading, farms with
smaller herd sizes were seen to encounter signifi-
cantly higher spreading costs per hog than farms
with larger herds. In some cases the extent of these
costs will be sufficient to cancel out the positive
value of the manure as a replacement for commer-
cial fertilizer. It would therefore appear that signifi-
cant savings might be realized if hog operators were
to enter rental or custom arrangements for manure
spreading. The overall conclusion reached in the
study was that for Ontario conditions a land utiliza-
tion program for the liquid manure supply does
represent an economic means of handling the
animal waste management problem,
(White-Iowa State)
0221 - E3
LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY FARM WASTE,
f lorida Univ., Gainesville. Dept of Agricultural En-
gineering.
A. R. Overman,C. C. Hortenstine, and J. M. Wing.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management
Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970 p
123-126. 3 fig, 2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Dairy industry,
216
-------
Effluent, Nitrogen, Phosphates, Soil contamina-
tion, Oroundwater, Water pollution, Florida, Sprin-
kler irrigation, Rates of application. Nitrate, Oats,
Waste disposal.
Identifiers:' Dairy cattle, Land disposal.
Wastes from 160 cows in a new milking barn at the
University of Florida are collected in a 20,000-gal-
lon holding tank and removed daily. An open im-
peller pump is used to deliver effluent to sprinkler
guns which apply 1/4, 1/2, and 1 inch per week.
The plots were seeded to oats, with no mineral fer-
tilizer added. Measurements were taken to deter-
mine effectiveness of the oats in utilizing nutrients.
Groundwater samples were extracted weekly at
depths of 30,45, and 60 cm. for chemical analysis.
Results are reported for nitrate and
orthophosphate content. It is concluded that the
soil plant system can be effective in renovation of
waste water farm animal operations. Removal of
nitrogen and phosphorus is greatly enhanced by
plant growth. Nutrient removal was found
adequate up to an application rate of 1 inch per
week effluent with solids content of about O.I IS
percent. It appears that a more intense application
rate could be used. (White- Iowa State)
0222 - A4, C3
THE NITROGEN CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM,
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New
Haven.
C. R. Frink.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Watte Management,
Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p
127-133.4fig, 1 tab, Href.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrogen cycle, Farm
wattes, Nutrients, Fertilization, Foliar application,
Corn, Silage, Efficiencies, Nitrate, Groundwater,
Ureas.
Identifiers: 'Nitrogen conversion, Yield. Foliar fer-
tilization.
Analyses of nutrient cycling on dairy farms in the
Northeast have shown that significant quantities of
nitrogen may be lost to groundwater. Calculations
of the efficiency of nitrogen conversion on these
farms revealed that losses to the environment in-
creased dramatically as farm size decreased. Milk
production was not affected by the increased
nitrogen imported onto the farm while yields of
com silage increased only slightly. Thus, the total
nitrogen imported onto the smaller farms could ap-
parently be reduced without seriously reducing
productivity. In addition, losses to the environment
during cycling of the required amounts of nitrogen
can be reduced by foliar applications to the grow-
ing crop, selection of varieties with high yield and
nitrogen content, increased plant populations, and
more extensive use of cover crops.
(White-Iowa State)
0223 - Bl, C3, E2
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND PLANT
GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING
LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT
WASTES TO SOIL,
Southwestern Great Plains Research Center,
Bushland, Tex,
A, C. Mathers, and B. A. Stewart.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p
207-214.8 fig, 2 tab, 3 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Nitrification,
Denitrification, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Car-
bon dioxide, Greenhouses, Laboratories, Carbon,
Rates of application, Incubation, Phosphorus,
Potassium.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Nitrogen transformations,
Pullman silty clay loam. Yield.
The objectives of these studies were: (1) to deter-
mine the decomposition rates and nitrogen trans-
formations of animal wastes when applied to soil at
various rates; and (2) to study the effects on plant
growth of applying large amounts of animal wastes
to soil. Studies were carried out with 0, 1, 2.5, 3,
10, and 20% rates of cattle feedlot waste added to
Pullman silty clay loam in both laboratory and
greenhouse tests. Three conclusions were reached:
(1) When feedlot waste was mixed with soil, evolu-
tion of C and transformation of N were rapid. In 90
days, about 50% of the C was evolved as C02 and
an equivalent amount of N was recovered as NH3
evolved, or as NH4.. and NO3- in the soil. (2)
Nitrification was influenced by application rate of
manure and moisture content of the soil during in-
cubation. (3) In a greenhouse study, one unit of N
from ammonium nitrate was equivalent to 2.4 units
of N supplied in feedlot waste.
(White-Iowa State)
0224 - A2
HYDROLOGIC STUDIES FOR EVALUATION
OF THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF
FEEDLOTS IN EASTERN NEBRASKA,
Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebr.
Norris P. Swanson, Lloyd N. Mielke, and Jeffery C.
Lorimor.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
Rochester, January 19-21. 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p
226-232.15 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Runoff,
Overland flow, Surface runoff. Infiltration, Water
pollution, Erosion, Evaporation, Discharge, Set-
tling basins, Precipitation, Slopes, Storage, Time,
Nebraska.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Mulch, Water stage
recorder, Manure pack, Intensity.
Four questions are discussed which arise as a result
of large numbers of cattle contained in feedlots in
eastern Nebraska. There were two primary objec-
tives of the research. First, the annual water
balance of the feedlots was to be defined. The
second objective was to characterize the water
leaving the feedlots in overland flow or by percola-
tion through the profile. The data collected provide
only rough comparison, but should serve to put the
probable runoff, erosion, and infiltration, or reten-
tion of water on a feedlot into perspective with the
better known hydrologic characteristics of cropped
tand. In eastern Nebraska, this can be summarized
as follows: (I) Infiltration on an established beef
feedlot appears to be restricted to water storage in
the manure pack, with very limited water move-
ment through the profile; (2) the runoff from a
feedlot, and hence the pollution potential, is a func-
tion of the area of the lot; (3) annual runoff from a
beef feedlot may be two or three times that of ad-
jacent cropland, and (4) despite increased runoff in
comparison adjacent cropland, the protective
mulch of the manure pack keeps erosion losses
below those of the cropland.
(White-Iowa State)
0225 - A3, Fl
LEGAL RESTRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL
POLLUTION,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, Blacksburg. Water
Resources Research Center.
William R. Walker.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste "
- • - - - -1,1970.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, •Farm wastes.
Water Quality Act. Legislation, Discharge, Petti-
odes. Riparian rights, Odors, Zoning.
Identifiers: * Agricultural pollution. »Common Uw,
State regulations. Federal regulations. Equity.
Trespass, Liability, Nuisance. Negligence, Strict
The basis is discussed for recovery under common
law for agricultural pollution. These include ac-
tions for trespass, nuisance, negligence, and strict
liability. However, agricultural pollution is not like-
ly to be effectively controlled with private litiga-
tion. The federal government has the necessary
legislation to play a leading role in agricultural
water pollution abatement and ft is designed to en-
courage the states to take a more aggressive role.
Public awareness of the seriousness of the pollution
problem in general is ever increasing. State laws
banning the use of DDT, and HEW decisions to
phase out the use of some of the persistent pesti-
cides would indicate that public pressure for action
in the field of agricultural pollution will be increas-
ing. Thus there would seem to be little doubt that
if agricultural pollution is to I
(White-Iowa State)
0226 - A3, C3
A BALANCE SHEET METHOD OF DETERMIN-
ING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICUL-
TURAL WASTES TO SURFACE WATER POL-
LUTION,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
David A. Schultz.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p
25 1-262. 8 tab, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Farm wastes,
•Nutrients, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Fer-
tilizers, Water pollution. Sediments, Pesticides, Re-
gions, Basins, Time.
Identifiers: 'Balance Sheet Method, Nutrient
losses, Biologic inputs.
To the extent that the data are accurate, the paper
presents a Balance Sheet Method that will show ex-
plicitly the quantity of nutrients contributed by
agricultural activities to a stream. From this, one
can determine the relative importance of agricul-
tural pollution given knowledge of the total amount
of nutrient pollution. Combining this information
with that available on water quality and contribu-
tions from other sources, a waste management as-
sociation will be able to more accurately determine
the share that the agricultural industry will have to
pay of the total cost of a program to maintain an
abundant quantity of good quality water for all
uses. Using this general method as well as modify-
ing and improving the procedure will aid- society's
efforts toward effective water pollution control for
all rivers and lakes in the United States.
(White-Iowa State)
0227 - C2, E2
RATES OF WATER INFILTRATION RESULT-
ING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY
MANURE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agronomy.
P. J. Zwerman, A. B. Drielsma, G. D. Jones, S. D.
Klausner, and D. Ellis.
In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water
Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
I< I97°- Ithaca- 197°- p
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Cattle, 'Infiltration,
Time, Corn. Alfalfa, Wheat, Rotations, Rainfall
simulators. Rates of application, Fertilizers, Sur-
217
-------
face runoff, Rainfall.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, Intensity, Plots, Mass in-
filtration.
Sixty randomly selected plot locations were subject
to infiltration tests with a rainfall simulator. Three
successive tests of one half hour each were applied
to the same plot. These results represent the effects
of fourteen years of past management on seed beds
prepared for corn. The rainfall rate was two and
one half inches per hour. A two-by-two factorial
and a two-by-four factorial experimental design
were utilized. The two-by-two comparisons in-
volved six tons of dairy manure plowed down ver-
sus no manure on continuous corn for grain at two
rates of mineral fertilization. Manure increased in-
filtration by 27 percent, heavy mineral fertilization
without manure on the last run resulted in a 60 per-
cent decrease in infiltration as compared to manure
with moderate mineral fertilization. The two-by-
four factorial study again involved six tons of
manure plowed down versus no manure on four
rotations: (1) continuous corn for grain, (2) corn-
oats-alfalfa-alfalfa, (3) corn-corn-oats-alfalfa-alfal-
fa, and (4) wheat-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa.
Manure did not significantly increase rates of infil-
tration. All rates of fertilization were very
moderate. Only rotation No. 4 gave a significant 16
percent increase in rate of infiltration.
(White-Iowa State)
0228 - A5, F3
RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN
FRINGE,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J. Ronala Miner.
Agricultural Engineering, Vol 51, No 12, p 702-
703, December 1970.
Descriptors: 'Odor, 'Pollution abatement, Farm
wastes, Pollutants, Legal aspects. Livestock,
Planning management.
Identifiers: Urban-fringe.
More people in this country demand more and
better-quality livestock production. However, the
population is extremely sensitive to water and air
quality. The livestock producer should recognize
that there will soon be no livestock production area
where environmental pollution is acceptable. All
livestock production enterprises must be planned
as though they will operate in the urban fringe.
Livestock production units can and do cause pollu-
tion of the air and waterways if improperly
managed. The most frequent complaint leveled at
urban-fringe livestock production is that of odors.
Through proper design and management the
livestock operations may be made acceptable to
the public. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0229 - F4
THE FARM ROLE IN WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT,
Soil Conservation Service, Beltsville, Md.
HollisR. Williams.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 115, October 1968,
p 463-464.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sediments, 'Fertil-
izers, Insecticides, Herbicides, Water pollution,
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act,
Channels, Cattle, Poultry, Pollution abatement.
Identifiers: Soil Conservation Service.
This article is based on information contained in an
address by Williams to the Federal Water Quality
Association. It is stated that three things find their
way from farm lands into waterways to form maior
pollution problems. These are sediment, agricul-
tural chemicals, and animal wastes. Sediment is the
most significant of the three. Sediment also adsorbs
phosphate and pesticides and carries them in
streams. The major source of sediment it farmland,
however, housing developments, new roads and
other construction produces extremely large quan-
tities of sediment. Four areas are mentioned which
need continuing attention to control the erosion
problem. The increased use of fertilizer it pointed
out along its pollution capabilities, Reward) ii Cur-
rently being done to study the behavior of rertil- •
izers, insecticides and herbicides on soils, water
and plants. The problem of animal waste is also
discussed. Four tools are pointed out a* being
necessary to achieve the goal of clean rivers ana
streams and successful control of pollution on far-
mlands as well as urban areas. (White-Iowa State)
0230 - Al, Bl, Dl, F4
CATTLE WASTES - POLLUTION AND POTEN-
TIAL TREATMENT,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dcpt. of Civil Engineer-
ing; and Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Environmental
Health Engineering Lab.
Raymond C. Loehr, and Robert W. Agnew.
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division,
ASCE, Vol 93, No SA4, p 55-72, August 1967. 2
fig, 9 tab, 29 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Water pollu-
tion sources, Rivers, Fishkill, Moisture content,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygCn de-
mand. Nitrogen, Anaerobic digestion, Oxygen de-
mand. Lagoons, Hydrogen ion concentration, Ef-
fluent, Aeration, Sludge, Runoff, Waste water
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Cattle production. Pollution
potential, Loading rages, Profit potential. Waste
characteristics, Total solids, Population equivalent.
Digesters, Anaerobic lagoons. •
The problem of cattle feedlot waste treatment and
the results illustrated in this paper can be sum-
marized as follows: The diversified family farm is
giving way to specialized large-scale factory-type
operations such as beef cattle feedlots. Farm enter-
prises which formerly were dispersed over large
remote land areas are now concentrated m small
areas, frequently near communities, and intensify
problems of waste disposal. Runoff from feedlots is
a significant problem and treatment systems must
be able to handle slug loads and flows without caus-
ing stream pollution. The profit potential and the
amount of concern of the feedlot operator for
adequate waste treatment will dictate the type of
system that will be practical and economical. The
quantity and the undesirable qualities of the wastes
from a beef feedlot are such that a combination
treatment system may be the most successful. A
combined anaerobic-aerobic lagoon «ystem has sig-
nificant potential. The effluent from an anaerobic
lagoon is potent and must receive further treatment
before discharge to a receiving stream. Even after
adequate removal of organics, the effluent may
pose a problem because of its color and its fertiliza-
tion capacity. (White-Iowa State)
0231 - C5
THE INFLUENCE OF FEED ADDITIVES ON
THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
ANALYSIS FOR SWINE WASTES,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of
Biological and Agricultural Engineering.
John David Ariail.
Master of Science Thesis, 1970. 72 p, 12fig,44ref.
OWRR Project A-048-NC (1).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Lagoons,
•Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen
demand, Water properties, Copper, Zinc, Wastes,
Lagoons, Manure, Waste water treatment, Waste
identification.
Identifiers: 'Swine wastes, Swine fecen,
Chlorotetracycline, Fecal streptococcus.
The influence of feed antibiotic, chlorotctra-
cycline, copper and zinc concentrations and sam-
ple dilution upon the standard 5-day biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD5) analysis was investigated
with swine feces, lagoon influent and lagoon ef-
fluent. The swine-growing center utilized for sam-
ple collection included a confinement facility with
concrete floors that were washed daily and an
unaerated overflow lagoon. The data indicated the
meun COD/TS ratio for fresh »wine feces to be 1.08
grams per gram, the BOD5/TS ratio to have u mean
of 0.33 grams per gram, and the VS/TS ratio ID
have a mean of 0.82. Thin study indicated that fora
100 Ib. hog. the daily COD in the waste was 0.64
pounds; BOD 0.31 pounds; total solids 0.48 pound*
and volatile solids 0.33 pound*. The membrane
filter technique outlined in Standard Methods for
the determination of the fecul streptococcus con-
tent of swine wastes was superior to the membrane
filter technique utilizing KF broth. (Miner-Iowa
State)
0232 - A2. G3, C5, E3
CONTROL OP WATER POLLUTION FROM
SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources
Research Center.
D. M. Wells, W. Grub, R. C. Algin, G. F.
Meenaghan.and E.Coleman.
Proceedings, Sth International Water Pollution
Research Conference, July-August 1970, Paper II-
38. 19 p, 20 tab. FWPCA Demr. Grant 1)040,
Texas Water Quality Board Contr. IAC (68-69).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Manure,
•Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nutrients,
•Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion, Irriga-
tion, Waste water treatment.
Identifier*: 'Feedlot runoff, Plant toxicity.
The objective! were to determine the charac-
teristics of solid and liquid wastes resulting from
cattle feedlot operations in the southwest U.S., to
determine the treatability of these wastes by aero-
bic and anaerobic treatment systems and to deter-
mine whether or not the wastes produced could be
used in a beneficial manner for the growing of cash
crops. The feedloti studied Included concrete-sur-
faced lots, dirt-surfaced loti, and controlled en-
vironmental chambers located on the Texas Tech
University campus. Among their conclusions were
that within reasonable limits, quality of runoff wai
not materially affected by type of ration fed or
quantity of precipitation, Treatment of runoff
resulting from precipitation on beef cattle feedlots
is not feasible by conventional treatment systems.
Direct application of runoff from concrete-sur-
faced lots was highly detrimental to the crops they
letted. Direct application of runoff from dirt lots
had an inhibitory effect on most crops tested ex-
cept Midland Bermuda grass. Storage of runoff In
unlined ponds may result in substantial pollution of
the groundwatcr in the vicinity. They concluded
that liquid systems for handling cattle feedlot
wastes were not feasible. (Miner-Iowa State)
0233 - A2, A4, Cl, D4, E2
EFFLUENT QUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC
LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT WASTES,
Kanios Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
39, No 3, March 1967, p 384-391. 6 tab, 12 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Lagoons,
Kansas, Biochemical oxygen demand, Odor, Dusts,
Groundwater, Surface waters. Water pollution,
Volume, Value, Soil environment. Temperature,
Biodcgradation, Anaerobic conditions. Mixing,
Depth, Stabilization, Organic matter, Color,
Nitrogen, Ammonia, Coliforms, Alkalinity,
Hydrogen ion concentration. Equilibrium, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Anaerobic lagoons. Popu-
lation equivalent. Slug load, Lagoon operation.
Biological system, Surface area/volume ratio.
Loading parameters. Volatile solids, Detention
times.
218
-------
Even under ideal equilibrium conditioni, the liquid
effluent from anaerobic lagoons treating livestock
and feedlot wastei could pollute a receiving body
of water. The quality of the effluent is decreased
during the startup operations. The effluent is high
in oxygen-demanding material, solids, and
nitrogen. Subsequent treatment units are advisable
to remove the solids and most of the oxygen-de-
manding material. Seasonal temperature variations
will alter the effluent quality. The settled solids that
need to be removed periodically from the anaero-
bic lagoon undergo considerable degradation, sta-
bilization, and concentration. They are less potent
than the entering untreated solids. However, their
quality is such that they should not enter receiving
waters. Land dispoial offers an acceptable method
of disposal for these solids. Anaerobic lagoons are
not the complete answer to avoiding the pollution
of natural waters by livestock and feedlot wastes.
When used in combination with subsequent units to
treat the effluent from the lagoons, anaerobic
lagoons may be useful component process for
livestock and feedlot wastes that have a high solids
content. (White-IowaState)
0234 - F4
FARM WASTES.
Proceedings of Symposium, Farm Wastes, The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control, The University
of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1970. 148 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Disposal, Legislation,
Slurries, Composting, Disease, Legal aspects,
Hazards, Toxicity, Public health, Odors, Costs,
Design criteria, Treatment, Adsorption, Reverse
osmosis, Confinement pens, Hogs, Equipment,
Microorganisms, Farm lagoons, Irrigation, Aera-
tion, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic treatment.
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de-
mand. Biological treatment.
Identifiers: Health, Public nuisance, Population
equivalents. Swine, Slatted floors, Oxidation ditch,
Flushing gutter, Systems, Oas production, United
Kingdom.
The two day symposium was attended by over 200
delegates including representatives from local
authorities, river authorities, universities, agricul-
tural colleges and research stations, nationalized
industries and consultants. The various Ministries
were well represented, with over 60 delegates.
Those attending included delegates from Canada,
Denmark, Eire, Holland and the United States.
Nineteen technical papers were presented. A
discussion of each paper is included. Four sessions
were conducted: An introductory session, 4 papers;
Problems off the farm, 3 papers; Minimizing the
waste problem, 7 papers; and Waste treatment and
disposal on the farm, 5 papers.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0235 - F4
ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, London
(England).
K. B. C. Jones, and C. T. Rilcy.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tync, Paper No I, p 7-14,
1970. Stab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Rain water,
Costs, Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Planning, Legislation,
Legal aspects, Economics, 'Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'United Kingdom, Washing-down
water. Nature of waste, Population equivalents,
Origins of waste.
Waste disposal is discussed in relation to popula-
tion expansion, diminishing acres, declining num-
bers of agriculture workers, economic pressures,
limited natural water resources, and legal pres-
sures. The origin and nature of the wastes that must
be disposed of is discussed. The trends in planning
and disposal patterns taking place were considered.
The costs associated with disposal were examined
in relation to the income produced. Food
processing waste has created some disposal
problems for farmers. The disposal problems
created by fruit and meat processing are discussed
in the last portion of the paper.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0236 - F3
ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES:
DISCUSSION,
Cowan, Douglas.
Douglas Gowan.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 2, p 15-18,
1970. 1 tab.
Descriptors: Farm wastes, Disposal, Legislation,
Discharge (Water), Sewers.
Identifiers: River authorities, Extensive farmer, In-
tensive farmer. United Kingdom, Public sewers.
Disposal of farm waste has become a major
problem. A wholehearted effort is needed to deal
with the problem, involving men, laboratories, and
money. Also the farmers themselves must lend
practical assistance. The law is there, and social
and economic pressures are unlikely to ease. Nor is
farming going to become less intensive, when this is
the only way to profit, and the increasing public de-
mand for food exists. All must combine to make
nun: that our inherent desire for increased water
resources and pleasant-looking and smelling
countryside facilities are one day realized.
(ChriHtenbury-lowa State)
0237 - E2
THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM
WASTES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE
TO MAINTAINING SOIL FERTILITY,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, Bristol
(England). Soil Science Dept.
C. Berryman.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 3, p 19-23,
1970. 4 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Disposal, 'Slurries, 'Fertility, Farm
wastes. Anaerobic conditions, Nutrients, Irrigation,
Value, Fertilizers, Wastedisposal.
Identifiers: 'Animal slurry, 'Composition, Organic
irrigation.
This paper reviews the effect of farm waste, par-
ticularly in the form of animal slurry, on soil fertili-
ty. Slurry can supply an important part of the NPK
requirements on the farm. The application of slurry
to land is the most convenient and practical
method of disposal, but problems due to a break-
down of soil structure can occur if an unsuitable
noil receives excessive applications of slurry. The
HOI! type is important when assessing the effect slur-
ry disposal will have on the fertility of soil,
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0238 - A9
THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM: ANIMAL
HEALTH.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Nor-
wich (England). Veterinary Investigation Service.
J. A. J.Venn.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 4, p 24-29,
Descriptors: 'Toxicity, 'Hazards, 'Diseases, Farm
wastes, Copper, Nitrogen, Potash, Lagoons, Slur-
ries, Animal diseases. Bacteria, Viruses
Pathogenic bacteria. '
Identifiers: United Kingdom, Toxic gases. Toxic
chemicals. Parasites, Contamination, Health.
Health hazards associated with farm wastes have
attained prominence with the development of in-
tensive systems of husbandry. Whilst certain of the
problems are unique to intensive systems, most of
them are not new. This paper is an attempt to in-
dicate some of them. An account ii given of certain
hazards to animal health arising from farm wastes,
notably slurry and toxic chemicals. Possible ways of
limiting these hazards are suggested. A discussion
of the paper follows.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0239 - A9, A10
FARM WASTES: PUBLIC HEALTH AND
NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM,
Chelmsford Rural District (Essex). Chief Health
Inspector.
T. H. C. Bartrop.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 5, p 33-37,
1970. 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Public health, 'Legislation, Farm
wastes. Odors, Diseases, Bacteria.
Identifiers: 'Publicnuisance, Noise, Rats, Flies.
All nuisances and public health problems are
preventable. To achieve this it is necessary to cou-
ple good siting and good design with good animal
husbandry. Failure to do this voluntarily must in-
evitably lead to stricter planning control and the
strengthening of public health law, for the develop-
ment of intensive farming has outstripped con-
trolling legislation. Agriculture, as an industry,
claims certain privileges, but it cannot claim the
privilege of causing a nuisance or a public health
problem. (Christenbury- iowa State)
0240 - A3, F2
WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIRE-
MENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE
DISPOSAL,
Thames Conservancy (England). Chief Purifica-
tion Officer.
H. Finn,
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 6, p 38-43,
1970.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legal aspects,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Water pollution
sources. Water quality control, Runoff, River regu-
lation, Riparian waters, Groundwatcr, Legislation,
•Disposal.
Identifiers: 'United Kingdom, River authority,
Common Law.
This article is concerned with the legal aspects of
pollution and how they apply to agriculture. The
ways in which farm waste can pollute water sup-
plies and means of limiting the pollution effects are
discuiucd. Large units located in close proximity to
urban areas present the most difficult problems.
Through cooperation between farmers and the
river authority, the pollution effects of farm waste
can be held at a minimum.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0241 - Fl
SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT,
Chartered Civil Engineers, London (England);
Ncwcastle-upon-Tync Univ. (England).
James R. Simpson, and R. L. Hibbcrd.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univcr-
Kity of Newcastle upon Tync, Paper No 7, p 44-51
1970. 2 fig, 2 tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Costs, 'Design criteria, 'Sewage
treatment. Farm wastes, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Legislation, Dissolved solids, Tertiary treat-
219
-------
mcnl, Sewers, Activated sludge, Capital cost.
Identifier!: River authority. Loading rate:, Mogden
formula. United Kingdom, Population equivalents.
Suspended solids.
The purpose of this paper is to aquaint those un-
familiar with sewerage and sewage treatment with
the general naturr: of the systems and processes.
References to more detailed descriptions of the
processes are included. Further, an attempt is made
to answer the questions, 'Why and to what extent
would u discharge with given characteristics affect
the design of the sewers and the sewage-treatment
works, and at what cost.' A formula for allocating
waste treatment cost to agriculture is discussed. A
discussion of the paper is included.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0242 - F5
MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL
PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING,
Electricity Council Research Center, Capenhurst
(England).
F. Barrett.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 8 D
57-65. 7 fig, 4 tab.
Descriptors: 'Apparatus, 'Adsorption, "Reverse
osmosis. Farm wastes. Desalination, Chemical ox-
ygen demand, Recirculatcd water. Aeration, Flota-
tion, Chlorination, Ultraviolet radiation, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Equipment, Ozone, Biological
treatment. Sludge disposal, Treatment.
Identifiers: 'Food processing. Sterilization, Ozona-
tion, United Kingdom, Vegetable processing.
This paper discusses possible mentods of treating
waste from vegetable processing plants. The results
obtained from a coagulation/flocculation unit have
been encouraging. An aeration lower complex has
been utilized for biological treatment. A pilot-scale
adsorption unit and a reverse osmosis unit have
been designed, built, and evaluated. A discussion
and the reply to the discussion follows on page 106-
109. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0243 - Bl, El, Fl
MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, London
(England).
C.T.Riley.
Proceedings of Symposium:'Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 9, p
66-72.3 fig, 5 tab, I ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Disposal,
Costs, Biochemical oxygen demand, Odor. Land
use, Sludge, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
tics, Fertilizers.
Identifiers: Composition, Hatchery waste. Broilers,
United Kingdom.
This paper is divided into two parts; first an assess-
ment of the industry and second an approach to
some current problems. Manure from cage layers
represents the major disposal problem in the
poultry industry today. The physical and chemical
properties of waste is given. In the main, poultry
waste has to be returned to the land in some form.
The disposal of manure from laying batteries is
discussed in relation to minimizing the poultry-
waste problems. Whether to handle the manure as
a solid or liquid is examined. A discussion and reply
to the discussion follows on page 106-109.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0244 - Bl
MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH
PIGS,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, London
(England).
C.G. Pointer.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 10, p
73-80. 7 fig.
Descriptors: 'Confinement pens, 'Design stan-
dards, 'Hogs. Farm wastes. Slurries, Odor, Clean-
ing.
Identifiers: 'Swine, Slatted-floor, Slurry systems,
Sow feeders, Fattening house, Farrowing, United
Kingdom, Manure handling, 'Ad-lib' feeding.
The first step towards minimizing the problems will
be in the choice of site for the new pig unit. The
larger the unit the more critical this decision will
be. Subsequently the management and housing
systems selected must be suited to the site. Systems
have been described in this paper which minimize
the problems. In existing problem units common
sense and discretion can often avoid acute situa-
tions developing. It is hoped that economic solu-
tions for these units will be evolved. In any event,
there is always likely to be some smell from a pig-
gery. A discussion and the reply to the discussion
follows on page 106-109.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0245 - F4
MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH
CATTLE,
Newcastle-upon-Tync Univ. (England).
M. M. Cooper.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Polution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 11, p
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurries, 'Disposal,
Cattle, Costs, Confinement pens.
Identifiers: 'Cubicle system, Cowtels, United King-
dom.
This paper discusses some of the changes talcing
place in the cattle industry and the requirements
for waste disposal. Many cattle producers require
confinement areas for cattle for at least part of the
year. Some of the systems being utilized for waste
disposal are discussed. A discussion and the reply
to the discussion follows on page 106-109.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
0247 - Bl, El. Fl
BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL,
Institutt voor Landbouwbedrijfsgebouwen,
Wageningen (Netherlands).
J.C.GIerum, A. P. S. De Jong, and H. R. Poelma.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 13, p
94-100. 3 fig, 3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Costscom-
parison, Cattle, Storage tanks, Slurries, Storage
capacity. Design criteria.
Identifiers: Mucking-out, Mixed storage, Separate
storage. Animal housing. Cubicle house.
In general, slurry systems are preferable to systems
for handling solids and urine separately. Special
reasons, for example difficulty in disposing of the
manure, can cause separate storage to be used. If
mixed storage is used the layout of the buildings
must be adapted to the specific requirements of this
system. Altering the buildings afterwards will
usually be very expensive. The high capital cost of
the slurry system will often be a drawback; this is
especially the case for cowhouses where a con-
siderable storage capacity is required. A discussion
and the reply to the discussion follows on page 106-
109. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0248 - D4, E3
PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED
WASTES,
. J. Smith, T. E. Hazen, and J. R. Miner.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 14, p
101-105. I fig, 1 3 ref. Grant EC 00283.
Descriptors: 'Disposal, 'Equipment, 'Oxidation
lagoons, Farm wastes, Design criteria, Confine-
ment pens, Management, Recirculated water.
Anaerobic conditions, Slurries, Sludge, Microor-
ganisms.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Flushing gutter,
Manure removal.
A full-scale study of the possibility of renovating
swine manure for use in manure transport was car-
ried out. Preliminary anaerobic treatment and set-
tling took place in a lagoon followed by secondary
treatment in an oxidation ditch. Measurements of
COD, BOD, nitrogen, solids and certain inorganic
salts were made during the period February to May
1969. Assessment of the results showed that the
system had considerable promise from the stand-
point of confinement house environmental im-
provement and labour reduction. A stable and sani-
tary effluent was obtained at all times which
showed no adverse effects upon the performance of
the animals exposed to it. Rainfall precluded useful
information being obtained concerning salt build-
up or toxicity in the treatment system. No toxicity
effects were apparent after continuous operation
for 20 weeks. The test wds terminated because of
mechanical failures. A discussion and the reply to
the discussion follows the paper on page 106-109.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0249 - Bl, E2
LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM
WASTES. 1. PLANNING AND CHOICE OF
SYSTEM,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, London
(England). County Dairy Husbandry Adviser.
A. J. Quick.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 15, p
110-115. I tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Effects,
Slurries, Planning, Management, Dry farming.
Storage, Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Systems, 'Comparison, Wash water,
Wet farms.
This paper deals with the immediate problems fac-
ing the dairy farmer who findi himself in the
economic squeeze, with the inevitable result that
he will intensify his dairy enterprise. At the mo-
ment there in no universal solution to his problems,
but they can be tackled, first by identifying the fac-
tors which will influence the choice of system (by
factors arc meant soil type, system of cow-housing,
and unit size) and second, by selecting the most
suitable system from the available alternatives.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0250 - B2, B3, E2
LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM
WASTES. 2. HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, London
(England). National Livestock Mechanization Spe-
cialist.
J. I. Payne.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 16, p
116-121. I fig, 2 tab, I ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Mechanical equip-
ment, 'Distribution, Slurries, Disposal, Treatment,
Storage, Costs, Cattle, Irrigation.
Identifiers:'•Handling. Removal. Solid manure. Or-
ganic irrigation.
220
-------
The mechanization aspect of applying farm effluent
to the bind is governed by the physical state of the
effluent, the stock housing system and the type of
farm on which the stock enterprise is situated. Con-
sequently three basic systems of handling manure
onto the land have evolved. These are handling it as
a solid manure, as a dense slurry, and as a diluted
slurry This paper discusses the equipment required
for each of the handling systems. In general, if the
manure can be kept solid the problems will be
fewer. (Christcnhury-lowa State)
0251 - Cl, D4
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES,
North of Scotland Coll. of Agriculture, Aberdeen.
Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit. .
K. Robinson, S. H. Baxter, and J. R. Saxon.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water' Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tync. 1970. Paper No. 17,
p. 122-131. 1 tab, 9 fig, 26 ref.
Descriptors: * Aeration, * Mechanical equipment,
•Aerobic treatment. Farm wastes. Odor, Slurries,
Ventilation, Farm lagoons. Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Hogs, Chemical oxygen demand, Microor-
ganisms, Dissolved oxygen. Laboratory tests,
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Oxidation ditch, Aeration lagoon.
This paper is divided into two main sections - a
review of existing commercially available methods
of aerobic waste disposal and an outline of the pro-
ject in Aberdeen for the study of pig-waste treat-
ment. The review is limited to a description of aero-
bic methods and nu specific attempt has been made
to compare the relative merits of these systems,
since a critical examination of some of them is one
of the aims of our project. The characteristics of
pig waste, its oxygen demands, and the influences
of copper on bacterial activity are discussed. The
factors influencing the growth and metabolic ac-
tivity of micro-organisms are outlined and the
problems of satisfactory methods of laboratory
determinations are emphasized.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0252 - D4, E4
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM
WASTES
West "f Scotland Agricultural Coll., Glasgow.
Dept. of Bacteriology.
Selwyn Baincs.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tync. 1970. Paper No. 18, p
'| 32-137. I tab, 20rcf.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion,
Anaerobic conditions, Anaerobic bacteria,
Microorganisms, Sludge, Slurries, Mixing,
Hydrogen ion concentration, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Digestion. Design data. Methane, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: Commercial applications, Gas produc*
This paper describes the effects of anaerobic treat-
ment and its application to farm wastes. A satisfac-
tory methane fermentation can be established and
maintained. The digested sludge is relatively inert,
free from nuisance and more amendable to de-
watering. The anaerobic digestion process also
reduces the risk of pathogenic organisms causing
human or animal diseases. The design and opera-
tion of an anaerobic treatment process is described.
Several reports from commercial installations are
included. (Christenbury- |OWa State)
0253 - D4, Fl
TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES,
Instituut voor Landbouwbedrijfsgcbouwen,
Wageningen( Netherlands).
H. M. J. Scheltinga, and H. R. Poelma.
Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In-
stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer-
sity of Newcastle upon Tync. 1970. Paper No 19, p
138-142. 3 tab, 3 fig,
Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Biological treatment,
•Aerobic treatment, Farm lagoon, Activated
sludge. Aeration, Slurries, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Sludge, €ost comparison, Waste water treat-
ment. ,
Identifiers: Oxidation ditch, Pasveer ditch.
This paper is related to biological treatment of farm
animal waste. Aerobic treatment is described. A
schematic of an oxidation ditch and an aeration pit
is included. The economic aspect of the oxidation
ditch versus the aeration pit is presented. A discus-
sion of the paper is Included.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0254 - D4, E3
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF
FEEDLOT WASTE,
Texas Tech Univ.. Luobock.
W. Grub, 1. D. Martin, and L. L. Keeton.
Paper presented at the 1970 Winter meeting Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago,
December 8- 1 1 , 1 970, Paper No 7t>909. 6 p.
Descriptors: *Anaeroblc digestion, 'Biological
treatment, Farm wastes, Moisture content, Aerobic
conditions. Oxygen requirements. Stabilization.
Nitrogen. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Composting, 'Carbon to nitrogen
ratio (C/N), H
Solid Waste that had accumulated on Southwestern
beef cattte fcedlots was aerobkally stabilized under
controlled conditions in enclosed digesters and in
open air piles. Conditions for stabilization were
determined and changes of physical, chemical and
biological characteristics Were established. The or-
ganic stabilization of beef feedlot waste by com-
posting is a feasible process. Organic beef feedlot
waste is compostable in specially designed digesters
or in exposed open Air piles, to a biologically stable
organic product, free from noxious odors and inset
infestation. Stabilized waste can De-stored in a wet
or dry state-without danger of heating, attracting
Insects, w canting noxWus odors. The time of sta-
bilization depends on the type o'f original feed
material, the condition1 of the waste at the start of
the composting period, and the management of the
composting process. CornpOstlng requires skilled
management ,10 obtain satisfactory results
(Chrlstenmiry-lpwa State )
0255 - A2j 83 •'
gram OIF ^f^E Dt*TH ON KVNOtt
FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock.
L. L. Keeton, W. Grub, D.M. Wells, G.F,
Meenaghan, and R. C; Albin.
Paper nresented at the 1970 winter meeting Amer-
tean Society Agricultural Engineers, Chicago,
December g-1 1, WO, Paper No70-9 10. 7 p, 2 tab,
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, •Rainfall-runoff
relationships, Farm wastes, Pollutants, Moisture
content, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical
oxygen demand, Waste water treatment. Water
pollution sources.
Identifiers: Feedlot runoff, Feedlot slope. Water
holding capacity.
With the increasing number of beef cattle in
feedlots M the Southwestern United States has
come a major water pollution problem. The effects
of manure accumulation on quantity and quality of
runoff from concrete and direct surfaced feedlots
for various precipitation rates were determined. A
' ? Sy, ^ PTF, pack hold« approximately
one-half Inch of rainfall per inch of manure depth
If runoff from a relatively dry mass occurs, large
quantities of suspended and dissolved pollutants
are carried off. Manure at 60 percent moisture
minimizes the pollutants removed during feedlot
runoff. The quality of feedlot runoff is primarily a
function of the moisture content of the manure, the
rainfall intensity, and the feedlot slope. (Christen-
bury-lowa State)
0256 - El, Fl
USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY,
Ari/ona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson.
J. L. Abbott.
Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative
Extension Service Bulletin A-55, The University of
Ari/ona. 3 tab, I fig, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, • Fertilizers, 'Rates of
application, 'Return (Monetary), 'Beneficial use,
Livestock, Arizona, Feedlots, Disposal, Costs,
Salts, Nitrogen,Organic matter, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Manure, Composting.
This publication discusses some important con-
siderations that should be taken into account con-
cerning the use of animal manure as a fertilizer. A
possible $90-per-acre return for a $20-per-acre in-
vestment is being overlooked by many Arizona far-
mers. The cost of applying manure is in the order of
$2 to $ 14 per ton up to a 40 mile haul. The fertil-
izer value of manure is at least $2 per tone for
available N and P. The value of organic matter
must account for the balance in cost. The greatest
value of manure may result from the indirect e'
fects of the organic matter contribution on the
physical condition of the soil and in maintaining the
availability of certain soil nutrients. The soluble
salts in manure commonly range from 5 to 10 per-
cent on a dry basis. Recommendations for manure
are seldom more than 5 tons per acre annually.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0257 - C5 '
DRINKING 0V SUI.FATfc-WATER BY CATTLE,
Nevada Univ., Reno.
H, J. Weuth, and J. E. Hunter.
journal Paper No 168. Journal of Animal Science,
Vol 32, No 2, p 277-2HI, 1971. 1 tab, 39 ref. West
Reg Research Project W-46.
Descriptors: 'Sulfatcs, 'Sodium chloride, Farm
wastes, Callk. Toxicity, Water, Growth rates.
Water pollution effects.
Identifiers: 'Drinking water, Sulfate water.
Hemoglobin.
This study was designed to characterize some of the
effects on cattle of drinking water contaminated
with a known concentration of sulfate. Nine grow-
ing Hereford heifers were offered as drinking water
either lap-water, 3,000 ppm Na sub 2 SO sub 4-
water or 4,110 ppm NaCI-water. The experimental
design was a 3x3 latin square with replicates. Ex-
perimental periods were 30 days. Total urine was
collected on the last 7 days with renal clearance ob-
servations being made on the sixth day. The season
was summer. The heifers drank less, ate less and
lost weight while consuming the sulfate-water. The
sulfate ion caused a relative diuresis. Percent urine
water of free-water intake was 33.8 with sulfate-
water, but only 22.1% with tap water. Total
hemoglobin concentration was unaffected by the
saline drinking waters, however, the sulfate-water
caused a 450% increase in methemoglobin concen-
tration and the development of 416.9 mg/100 ml of
sulfhemoglobin. The two nonfunctional
hemoglobins comprise 6.1% of total hemoglobin at
this time. Drinking the sulfate-water increased
serum sulfate concentration 63.1%, increased renal
filtration of sulfate 43.2%, but decreased renal
reabsorption of sulfate by 27.5%. Drinking sulfate-
water did not alter plasma calcium concentration
221
-------
or renal excretion of calcium. A specific toxic ef-
fect of drinking the Na sub 2 SO tub 4-waler was
not apparent, however, the adverse effects seen
were related to the sulfatc ion. Only a slight polypo-
lia and diuresis were observed with drinking of the
NaCI-water. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0258 - E4
CAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE
WASTES,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock.
C. F. Meenaghan, D. M. Wells, R. C. Albin, and W
Crub.
Paper presented at the 1970 winter meeting Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago,
December 8-11, 1970, Paper No 70-907. 15 p, 9
fig-
Descriptors: 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Gases, Farm
wastes, Chemical oxygen demand, Cattle, Carbon,
Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Alkalinity, Methane,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Waste treatment. Air
pollution. Pollution abatement.
Identifiers: 'Composting, *Gas production, Car-
bon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), Beef cattle. Car-
bonaceous material, Volatile acids.
A two-stage completely mixed isothermal digestion
system having a capacity of 30 gallons/stage was
fed wastes from a beef cattle controlled environ-
ment chamber. Gas production was monitored and
analyzed by a wet test meter and a gas chromato-
graph, respectively. Physical and bio-chemical tests
were also performed. This study indicates that a
completely mixed, two stage anaerobic digestion
system is technically feasible and can be used for
obtaining nominal treatment of beef cattle wastes.
Even with optimal conditions per stage such a
system will not be sufficient for complete treat-
ment. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0259 - Al, Cl, Dl, F4
ANIMAL WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca. Dcpt. of Agriculture; and
Cornell Univ., Ithaca. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Proceedings of the American Society of Civil En-
gineers, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Divi-
sion, Vol 95. No SA2.9 tab, 4 fig, 86 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion,
'Aerobic treatment. Dehydration. Environment,
Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Sheep, Diets, Odori, Rumi-
nants, Weight, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Waste water treatment. Confinement pens,
Digestion, Proteins, Moisture content, Physical
properties. Density, Chemical properties, 'Water
pollution sources, Waste dilution. Slurries,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Runoff, Ammonia,
Chemical oxygen demand, Oxygen demand,
Nitrates, Surface waters, Effluents, Coliforms, In-
cineration, Aeration, Farm lagoons.
Identifiers: 'Animal production, 'Population
equivalents, Fiber content, Manure production,
Nuisance potential, Fccdlots, Oxidation ditch.
Slatted floors.
A state of the art summary is presented on the con-
trol and management of animal wastes. Items
discussed include the magnitude of the problem,
pollution that has been caused by animal wastes,
feasible treatment processes, major problem areas,
and areas for future activity. Animal production
and their subsequent waste production, properties,
and characteristics are discussed first. The pollu-
tion and nuisance potential is then pointed out with
respect to population equivalents. Waste treatment
and disposal processes and systems follow. A sum-
mary and conclusion point out problems and what
direction should be taken in the future. The paper
was 86 references. (White-Iowa State)
0260 - C4, E3
GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH
CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC AND
ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Ocpt. of Agricultural
Engineering; and Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Dcpt. of Animal Science.
Sully W. Jackson. B. E. Langlois, and T. H.
Poultry Science. Vol 49. No 6, 1970. p 1749-1750.
I fig. 5 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Feeds. 'Farm wastes. Poultry,
•Aerobic conditions. Bacteria. Microorganisms,
Laboratory tests. 'Anaerobic conditions. Disposal.
Identifiers: Waste re-use. Uric acid. Ruminant
feeds.
Utilization of animal manure as feed not only
would provide a new source of protein for animals,
but also would help to reduce the pollution of the
environment. While use i»f such material as feed is
not permitted at this time, research is necessary in
order to determine the feasibility of using manure
as feed in the event it is made legal. This study was
made to determine whether microorganisms con-
tained in chicken manure could utilize constituents
of the fresh manure and increase in number during
aerobic or anaerobic fermentation. Results sug-
gested that fresh chicken manure contains sub-
strates capable of supporting aerobic but not
anaerobic growth of bacteria. (Hazcn-Iowu State
University)
0261 - D4
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL
WASTES (DAIRY BULL, SWINE AND
POULTRY),
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing; and Wisconsin Univ, Madison. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
Lome C. Grimms. L. B. Polkowski. and Stanley A.
Witzel.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 14, No I, January-
February 1971,p7-l 1,13. I0fig,4tab,7ref.
Descriptors: 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Farm wastes.
'Digestion, Laboratory tests. Sludge, 'Chemical
Oxygen Demand, Poultry. Cattle. Gases, Hydrogen
ion concentration, Alkalinity, Settling velocity.
Identifiers: Volatile solids reduction. Gas produc-
tion. Volatile acids. Dentition time.
Dairy bull, swine, and pultry wastes arc amenable
to anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digests for dairy
bull waste may be loaded at rates of 0.24 pound VS
per cubic foot per day with detention times
between 10 to 15 days for good reduction in
volatile solids and COD. Anaerobic digesters for
pultry waite should not be loaded at rates greater
than 0.18 pound VS per cubic foot per day with de-
tention times between 10 to IS days. Although sub-
stantial reductions may be achieved in volatile
solids, and COD, the ultimate disposal of the wastes
would still be a problem. If long term anaerobic
digestion were used it would allow storage until the
sludge could be spread on the land to obtain the op-
timum fertilizer value for land management. Of the
three wastes studied the specific resistance of the
poultry waste was the only value that was similar to
the specific resistance of anaerubically digested
domestic sludge. (Hazcn-lowa State University)
0262 - A5, Bl
WASTE HANDLING: WHAT ARE THE CHO-
ICES,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
O.I. Berge.
Hoard's Dairyman. Vol 116, March 25. 1971, p
353,383. ing.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste water treat-
ment. Waste disposal. Waste storage. Cattle. Odor,
Fertilizers, Value.
Identifiers: 'Waste handling, Waste utilization.
Waste disposal has long been a problem. Wastes
must be removed periodically for good sanitation.
For dairymen, the three major alternatives for han-
dling manure are daily spreading, stockpiling for
spreading when field conditions are more favora-
ble, and liquid storage with spreading under more
desirable conditions. All three systems depend on
the availability of land for spreading within a
reasonable distance of the cattle barn. No system of
manure handling has been devised which is not
likely to offend the nostrils of sensitive people
(Hazen-lowa State University)
0263 - D4
REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS
OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Microbiology; and
Illinois Univ, Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Roar L. Irgens, and H. Orin Halvonon.
Applied Microbiology, Vol 13, No 3, May 1965. p
373-386. 16 fig, 8 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: Chemical Oxygen Demand,
•Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 'Waste water
treatment, 'Sludge treatment, Sludge digestion.
Denitrification, 'Nutrients.
Identifiers: Digester supernatant fluid, Kjeldahl
nitrogen.
In the convential treatment of sewage, the solids
are normally disposed of by anaerobic digestion.
This leaves a considerable amount of plant
nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphate, as solu-
ble compounds which will eventually find their way
into the plant's final effluent, since the supernatant
fluid from the digesters is normally returned to the
raw sewage. In a recent investigation, we found
that, if the sludges were treated by an aerobic
process, a significant portion of the carbonaceous
matter was oxidized to carbon dioxide and water,
and the rest was assimilated into microbial
protoplasm. This process tied up the available
nitrogen and phosphorus so that practically none
remained dissolved in the suspending liquid. The
accumulated solids, consisting mostly of microbial
cells were separated very easily from the liquid
leaving a slightly colored supernatant fluid that was
water-clear, free from plant nutrients, and very low
in BOD and COD. The overall process was accom-
plished in a detention time not exceeding 20 days,
in contrast to anaerobic digestion which requires
from 50 to 70days. (Hazen-lowa State University)
0264 - B2
HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE
ARE TESTED,
D. W. Bates.
Hoard's Dairyman, Vol. 116, p 273, March 10,
1971, 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, Waste dumps,
•Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Storage tank, 'Waste
storage, Liquid wastes.
Identifiers: Barn heat.
Methods for handling liquid manure stored in a
large external tank over an extended period of
time were evaluated. The 150,000 gallon storage
tank was constructed at a right angle to the end of
a 60-cow tie stall barn. A cover of woven wire,
polyethylene and baled straw was used in winter;
the tank was uncovered in the summer. No con-
veyor system was installed, Waste heat from the
barn's ventilation system was exhausted into the
tank to prevent or reduce freezing. Pumps were
used to level and remove the tank's contents. Con-
clusions are: (1) Manure stored in a large tank can
be agitated and removed without difficulty under
proper management; (2) Manure deposited in one
end of a long tank will distribute itself sufficiently
under its own weight so a conveyor is not necessa-
ry ; (3) Waste heat from a barn's ventilation system
222
-------
is valuable in preventing freezing in an exposed
manure storage tank. (Hazen-lowa State)
0265 - Bl, C5
PENICILLIN BY THE POUND,
Margaret E. Duffy.
Environment, Vol 11, No 8, 1969. p 14-21. 2 fig,
40 ref.
Descriptors: 'Animal pathology. Disease re-
sistance, 'Diseases, Farm wastes. Beneficial use,
Poultry, Regulation, Feeds. Cattle.
Identifiers: •Antibiotics, Agricultural uses, Growth
promotion. Disease prevention. Hormones,
•Penicillin, Drugs, Side effects, Therapeutic value.
Hemorrhages, FDA.
Antibiotics, hormones and many other medicines
used to treat human sickness have found their way
into agriculture. The drugs are used to treat animal
diseases, to promote growth, to preserve food and
to protect plants. Far more antibiotics are used on
farms than in hospitals, and the growing reliance on
these and other medicines in agriculture raises a
host of problems. The most serious of these may be
the appearance of resistance in microbes to an-
tibiotic treatment. Most of the antibiotics used in
agriculture are added to the feed of cattle, pigs,
chickens and lambs in order to promote growth.
Antibiotics have had a greater effect on chickens
and pigs raised in a previously occupied and there-
fore unsanitary environment than those raised in
sanitized or new quarters. Prolonged feeding with
antibiotics has more than once been reported to
result in a decreased growth response in chicks.
Antibiotics do not promote growth in germ-free
animals. Some of the harmful side effects are: aller-
gic and toxic effects of drugs, alterations in
rnicrobial flora which can cause disease and the
development of resistant strains of micro-organ-
isms. Animals may accumulate antibiotics in blood
and muscle tissue when given antibiotics in their
feed. Hence, antibiotics may find their way into
meat products if animsls are slaughtered before an-
tibiotic residues have disappeared. (Hazen-lowa
Slate University)
0266 - A5, B2, C5
CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS
WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID
MANURE STORAGE TANKS,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Poultry Science.
). P. Walker, H. L. Orr, and J. Pos.
Poultry Science, Vol 50, No 2, March 1*71, p JO I-
501. I tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Con-
finement pens, 'Performance, Waste disposal,
Farm wastes, Waste treatment. Storage tanks. Slur-
ries, Aeration, Equipment, Nitrogen, Odor. Design
criteria.
Identifiers: Liquid msnure. Egg production, Egg
quality, Anti-foaming agent.
The increased size of poultry operations and the
spread of urban areas has created problems in the
disposal or utilization of poultry waste. These have
been aggravated by the increaaed use of the liquid
system of manure handling and Its resultant odors.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the per-
formance of caged layers housed In a pen utilizing
oxidation ditches in contrast to caged layers housed
in a pen with anaerobic liquid storage tanks. The
conclusion is that hen housed egg production, egg
quality, feed conversion and mortality performance
of caged layers in pens with oxidation ditches was
similar to that of caged layers In pens with liquid
manure storage tanks. The odor in the pen with the
oxidation ditches was less offensive than in pens
with anaerobic liquid manure tanks. Modifications
must be developed for oxidation ditches or other
more economical means developed for oxidizing
liquid poultry manure before it has practical appli-
cation. (Hazen-lowaState University)
0267 - Fl
WASTE MANAGEMENT...WHAT DOES IT
C.OST,
Wisconsin Univ.. Madison. Dcpl. of Agricultural
Engineering.
Orrin I. Berge.
Hoard '• Dairyman, Vol 1 1 6, April 1 0, 1 97 1 , p 420.
8 tab.
Descriptors: •Watte disposal, 'Cost comparisons,
•Farm wanes. Cattle, *Cosu, Cost analysis. An-
nual costs, Capital investment, Fertilizers, Value.
Identifiers: Cost factors.
This article Is an economic protection of the cost
factors involved in handling wastes by daily haul-
ing, stacking or liquid manure. Daily hauling
requires the least investment and liquid manure
systems the most. The annual costs for each of the
systems are much closer than the investment
figures. The cost of the waste handling systems may
be offset to a considerable extent by the fertility
value of the wastes. ( Hazen-lowa State University)
0268 - B3
MANURE STACKING.
Hoard's Dairyman, Vol IIS, October 1970 p
1028. 1067. 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Waste dumps,
•Waste storage, 'Farm wastes. Management,
Equipment.
Identifiers: Waste storage facilities.
The expense und problems involved with hauling
wastes daily and the cost of liquid waste systems
have caused agricultural engineers and dairy far-
mers to consider other ways of handling farm
wastes, one of which is stacking. Unlike liquid
waste systems, the amount of water that is mixed
with the manure must be kept to a minimum.
Another problem that may result with stacking is
thill tif runoff from the stack itself. There is not the
odor problem that exists in liquid systems. There
arc u number of stackers on the market; as it ap-
pears more dairymen will switch to stacking as a
disposal system. ( Hazcn-lowa State University)
0270 - A8, C4
RAPID CONCENTRATION OF STRONGYLE
fGGS FROM EQUINE FECES FOR IN VITRO
STUDIES^
Louisiana State Univ.. Baton Rouge. Dent, of
Veterinary Science.
Thomas R. Bello, and Virginia L. Gordon.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 3 1
No 12. p 2283-2288, December, 1970. 1 tab, 7 r*f.
Deicriptora: •Farm wastes. Laboratory test*. Ne-
*Sep""k>n tochnjquei> ?ouutti>t
"- Honei Ubo™tory proetdurw-
For in vitro studies, large numbers of strongyle eggs
in equine feces were suspended, sieved, sedimented
In water, and then floated in aucroie solution by
centrifugaUoB. The eggs wen prepared for culture.
by disinfecting with' 1.2 to 1.3* sodium
hypocholorite solution and washing in sterile
Tyrode's solution containing antibiotics. This rapid
concentration technique was 100.2 „ 2.2% effica.
u
r,
from 20 horses. (
0271 - E3
GROWING CORN
-lowa State)
GROWTH
Meeting American Society of Agricultural En-
gineers. Paper No MC-71 -104,17 p, 10 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, »Crop response,
Disposal, Laboratory tests, Plant tissues. Growth
chambers, Cattle.
Identifiers: Manure, Application rates. Contamina-
tion.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine
the effect on corn germination and early growth of
different manure loading rates and to compare the
effect of planting in manure mixed with soil against
placement of seed above a manure layer. Germina-
tion and early growth of corn in plant growth cham-
bers were adversely affected by applications of beef
feedlot manure at rates ranging from 33 to 17J
tons/acre, oven dry basis. The effects were dif-
ferent when manure was completely mixed with
soil than when applied u a layer under a soil cover.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0272 - E2, E3
A DOSING SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING
CLEANING WATER INTO FLUSHING GUT-
TERS,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
H.L. Person, and J. R. Miner.
Unpublished paper presented at the 1971 Mid-
Central Region Meeting American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Paper No MC-71-105, 22
p, lOHg, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Design data, Equip-
ment, Confinement pens, Test procedures,
Theoretical analysis. Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Flushing gutter, 'Dosing siphon.
Waste removal, Snifter.
An automatic dosing siphon has been designed.
built, and used for discharging water into Hushing
gutters. An explanation of how the device operates
as well as test data and design information are
presented. The automatic dosing siphon is easy to
design and build. The parts are commercially
available. If proper precautions are taken to ensure
that all Joints are airtight, the automatic dosing
siphon is a dependable device for discharging
cleaning water into flushing gutters. (Christenburg-
lowa State)
0273 - C3, C5
ROLE OF EXCRETED CHLORTETRA-
CYCLINE IN MODIFYING THE DECOMPOSI-
TION PROCESS IN FEEDLOT WASTE,
Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins. Dept. of
Microbiology.
O. Keith Elmund, S. M. Morrison, D. W. Grant,
andM.P.Nevins.Sr.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Tox-
icology. Vol 6, No 2, 1971,p 129-131.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Biodcgradation,
'Biochemical oxygen demand, Bactericidea, Tox-
iclty, 'Stabilization, Bioassay, Biological treat-
ment. Diets, Water pollution effects. Feeds. Cattle,
Ruminants, Pollutant Identification.
Identifiers: Feedlot wastes. Dietary antibiotic.
Rumen mteroflora, •Chlortetracycllne.
Quantitative btoassays of fresh feedlot manure
revealed that approximately 75 percent of the
dietary chlortetracycline was excreted. The an-
tibiotic concentration was 14 microgram g/gm of
fresh feedlot manure, and 0.34 microgram g/gm of
aged feedlot manure. Standard BODS values on
manure from control steers and manures from
steers receiving dietary chlortetracycline demon-
strated that antibiotic supplementation of animal
'" •"*; ?' mter°w>™ Participating in the
of feedlot manure. The effect of in-
u-bv-"i--«i«'-
Unpublished Paper. Presented 1971 Mid-(?entral
selects or a rnicrobial population reta-
223
-------
lively inefficient in the stabilization process and (2)
antibiotic supplementation apparently alters the
digestive processes in the animal, resulting in
manures which are less biodegradable as measured
by the standard BOD5 procedure. (Chriitenburg-
lowa State)
0274 - F4
POLLUTION, PESTICIDES AND THE PEOPLE •
- AGRICULTURE AND OUR NATURAL EN-
VIRONMENT.
Greater DCS Moines Chamber of Commerce, Iowa.
Agricultural Dept.
33rd Annual (Forum), National Farm Institute,
February 11 • 12,1971, Des Moines, Iowa,! 07 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Pesticides, •Sedi-
ment, "Water pollution effects, Fertilizers,
Economic!, Legislation, Water pollution control,
Benefits, Costs, Agriculture standards. Water
quality, Taxes, DDT, Population, Livestock, En-
vironment, Sewage.
Identifiers: Conservancy districts.
The proceedings of the National Farm Institute in-
clude papers concerned with the various aspects of
pollution and today's environment. Various pollu-
tants which are discussed include farm wastes, fer-
tilizers, pesticides, and sediment. In addition, other
papers report on population aspects, legislation,
economics of pollution control, and interest groups
concerned with pollution. A wide array of views
and potential control systems are examined.
(White-Iowa Stale)
0275 - A3, F3
THE CITIZENS' VIEW OF POLLUTION,
League of Women Voters of the United States,
Washington, D.C. Environmental Quality Program.
Donald Clusen, Mrs.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 7-13.
Descriptors: "Environment, 'Water pollution ef-
fects. Pollution abatement, Legislation, Govern-
ments, Research and development. Water quality.
Standards, Water Quality Act, Taxes, Agriculture.
The author attempts to give societies view of pollu-
tion while admitting that the role of spokesman is a
dangerous one. Trying to describe pollution or
what it is constitutes a problem as varied aa trying
to prescribe solutions. There is no national consen-
sus on environmental questions unless it is that *
problem exists and the time to deal with it is now.
An aroused public must insist that more be done,
and faster, to abate pollution. Equally important is
the preparation of a number of alternativei. Water
resource development must be viewed as an in-
tegral part of the national effort to protect and im-
prove the quality of man's environment. The
general public has demonstrated that they want
their money spent for pollution abatement. People
want to have a voice in the choices to be made,
they want to see some progress made, and they
want environmental concerns to have a higher pri-
ority - in government, business and agriculture.
(White-Iowa State)
0276 - A3, A7
THE SPORTSMAN'S VIEW,
National Wildlife Federation.
Phillip Douglas.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute.
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 15-22.
Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, Water pollution
effects, Conservation. Biodegradation, Recreation,
Diseases, Beneficial use. Toxicity, Solubility, Fish,
Birds, Biocontrol, Cultural control.
Identifiers: 'Biological concentration. Primary ef-
fects, Secondary effects.
Both sides of the pesticide problem are presented
in this paper. Pesticides, and in particular DDT,
have been used successfully to help control typhus
fever, malaria, and dutch elm disease among
others. These beneficial effects are sometimes off-
set by their harmful residues. The DDT molecule
combines four properties that are responsible for
its behavior in the environment: (I) toxicity to al-
most all animal life; (2) persistence; (3) mobility;
and (4) solubility properties. Many examples of
fish and bird fatality are pointed out as the result of
the accumulation of DDT. Ususally these are the
higher animals in carnivorous food chains. Twelve
steps or courses of action are recommended to help
alleviate the problem. (White-Iowa State)
0277 - A7
THE FARMERS'CONCERN,
Gilbert Stanek.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 23-29.
Descriptors: 'Wastes, 'Water pollution effects,
Dieldrin, DDT, Mercury, Pesticides, Insecticides,
Herbicides, Resistance, Research and develop-
ment. Education, Regulation.
Identifiers: 'Panic power. Mis-use, Tolerance level.
Farmers have four areas of concern in the environ-
mental pollution field. The first is 'panic power*
created by news media and other sources that cry
out in unsure, uninformed voices about the uncer-
tainties of pollution. The second area is mis-use or
the improper handling of wastes and pesticides by
farmers as well as non-farmers. The third area deals
with tolerance levels. What criteria should be usfed
and what levels should be set are questions which
remain largely unanswered. The fourth area of con-
cern to farmers is that they are a minority group.
We are warned that if the American farmers' effi-
ciency of production is jeopardized by banning of
pesticide usage, the consumer will suffer through
increased food prices because of reduced produc-
tion. Research, education and regulation are .key
steps to preserve our standard of living.
(White-Iowa State)
0278 - Al
POPULATION GROWTH RATE SHOULDNT
GET ALL THE BLAME,
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
Conrad Taeuber.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971. Des Moines, Iowa, p 31 -39.
Descriptors: 'Human population, 'Growth rates,
Fertility, Fecundity, Census, Cities, Water pollu-
tion effects, Natural resources.
Population growth characteristics of the United
States are pointed out. The growth rate is traced
from pre-war times to present, with projections
being made for future growth. Pollution and other
social ills are not primarily a result of our rate of
population growth. Changing standards and habits,
in activities, technology, and the style of life have
much more to do with the accumulation and
disposition of waste materials and pollutants than
dots the number of persons involved.
(White-Iowa Slate)
0279 - A3, A4, A9
POLLUTION . HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM
COMES FROM FERTILIZERS,
Missouri Univ, Columbia. Water Resource*
Research Center.
George E. Smith.
In: 33rd Annual (Forum), National Farm Institue,
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa p. 40-48.
Descriptors: •Fertilizers, 'Nitrofcn, 'Nitrate,
Nitrite, Nutrients, Fertility, Toxicity, Eutrophica-
tion. Phosphorus, Water supply, Water waits, Ru-
noff, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Photosynthesis,
Water pollution, Soil contamination.
Identifiers: Meloglobenemla, Nitrate accumula-
tion.
An objective view is given of fertilizer usage and its
role as a pollutant. First concern for pollution from
fertilizers was in connection with nitrate toxicity
(metogfobenemia) In human infants and tome spe-
cies of livestock. Most of the water involved came
from improperly constructed wells near livestock
or where low rainfall caused nitrate accumulation
in the soil from organic matters. Chemical fertil-
izers as well as city sewage, livcitock wastes, and
plant residues are all sources of nutrients which
may cause eutrophication. Nitrate may accumulate
in plant tissue to undesirable levels only under cer-
tain climatic and cultural conditions. A Missouri
study of water supplies indicated that most nitrate
contaminated wells were (I) in rural locations, (2)
shallow, (3) poorly (constructed, and (4) in areas
where livestock production is the main source of
farm income. There was a high degree of correla-
tion between the occurrence and the concentration
of nitrate in these wells and their proximity to
livestock feeding areas or to septic tank tile fiekls.
A final note is made of the corn farmer as an ecolo-
gist, whereby an acre of com will use 10.5 tons of
CO2 while producing 2.5 tons of plant material and
8 tons of oxygen - enough to support 12 people for
ayear. (White-Iowa State)
0280 - A7
PESTICIDES,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Pesticide Advisory Committee,
William M. Upholt.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute.
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa p 49-56.
Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, Diseases, Insecti-
cides, Public health, Toxicity, Pesticide residue,
Hazards, Poisons, Beneficial use, Water pollution
effects.
Identifiers: • Parathton, Malaria. Cancer.
Pesticides are discussed with three main anas of
emphasis. DDT is used as an example, but the prin-
ciples are intended to apply to pesticides generally.
The first area of emphasis is of the beneficial use of
DDT. Increased production and the control of
malaria are two main benefits. Human health
hazards from pesticides are next pointed out Death
and illness have been attributed to pesticide
poisoning. Currently the human health hazard that
is most controversial is the possibility of cancer or
birth defects from exposure to pesticide concentra-
tions. Environmental hazards are the last area of
concern. Biological accumulation and persistence
in the environment are two main problems. The
author suggest a drastic reduction in the use of
DDT as one solution. Pesticides are useful, but they
all carry some risk of damage to man or the en-
vironment. (White-Iowa State)
0281 - Al, Cl, Dl, El, F4
LIVESTOCK WASTE,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
E. Paul Taiganides.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute.
February 1971, Dei Moines, Iowa, p 57-66,1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Cattle, Poultry, •By-
products, Confinement pent. Water pollution ef-
fects. Odor, Organic matter, Moisture content. Ru-
noff, Ammonia, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Biological treatment. Drying.
Identifiers: 'Animal production, 'Coprology,
Feedlott, Production efficiency. Waste properties,
Population equivalent, Waste transport. Treatment
processes.
A short comprehensive review is given of the
changes in animal production and waste handling
224
-------
techniques. The transition from pasture to confine-
ment production has met the demand for agricul-
tural food and fiber. There has been a correspond-
ing increase in animal waste management
problems. This has given rise to what the author
refers to as coprology - manure science. Current
coprological technology includes knowledge of
manure characteristics, transport methods, waste
treatment and utilization schemes, and disposal
media. Disposal must be done in such a way and at
such a rate that nature will be able to assimilate it
without creating environmental problems.
(White-Iowa State)
0282 - A3
SEDIMENT: EVERYBODY'S POLLUTION
PROBLEM,
Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
Kenneth E. Grant.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971, DesMoines, Iowa, p 67-76, 1 tab, 8
ref.
Descriptors: 'Sediment, Water pollution effects,
•Sedimentation, Agriculture, Soil erosion. Right-
of-way, Soil, Farm waste. Water quality.
Watersheds, Flood damage, Value, Benefits, Soil
surveys, Research and development, Land manage-
ment.
Identifiers: Nonfarm sources, Soil Conservation
Service, Soil capability, Universal Soil Lou Equa-
tion, Wind Erosion Equation, Mulch tillage, Con-
servation Needs Inventory.
Sediment is the nation's largest pollutant. It is not
only a pollutant in itself, but a carrier of animal
wastes and chemical pollutants. Examples of the
enormity of the sediment problem are cited. Non-
farm sources of sediment are a serious and growing
problem. The fight against soil erosion has been
headed by more than 3000 local soil and water con-
servation districts in the United States. A Conser-
vation Needs Inventory indicates that 63% of all
privately owned land (cropland, pasture, range,
forest, other) needs some type of conservation
treatment. Examples of the effectiveness of conser-
vation treatment. Examples of the effectiveness of
conservation measures are given. Continuing
research and cooperation is needed between agen-
cies and the general public in the resource conser-
vation area. (White-Iowa State)
0283 - Fl
ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION CONTROL,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Economics.
John F. Timmons.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 77-85.
Descriptors: * Environment, 'Water pollution con-
trol. Economics, Natural resources, Standards,
Programs, Costs, Benefits, Watersheds, Agricul-
ture, Water pollution effects.
Identifiers: 'Environmental quality. Coals, Quality
standard. Suspended sediment. Production costs.
The paper suggests some ideas and method) that
appear useful in understanding and in resolving
some of the difficult but important issues emanat-
ing from three environmental quality questions.
Pint, what are the standards of environmental
quality that can serve as policy and program goals
and at the same time engender wide spread and
continuing public understanding and support.
Next, what are the costs, both monetized and non-
monetized, of both achieving and failure to achieve
the stated standards of environmental quality.
Thirdly, who pays the costs both with and without
achievement of the standards of environmental
quality and who gets the benefits. Since environ-
mental quality is a national issue, the author hat en-
deavored to identify and elaborate upon these
three major considerations in our quest for im-
provements in the quality of the natural environ-
ment. (White-Iowa State)
0284 - Fl
CURRENT CONSERVANCY LEGISLATION,
Iowa House of Representatives, Des Moines.
Dale M. Cochran.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 87-93.
Descriptors: 'Soil conservation, 'Legislation,
Wind erosion, Drainage, Soil erosion. Water pollu-
tion effects, Sediment, Rivers, Fertilizers. Pesti-
cides, Agriculture, Iowa.
Identifiers: 'Conservancy Districts, Des Moines
River, District soil commissioners, Non-farm •
sources, US Department of Agriculture.
The scope and content of Iowa's Conservancy Dis-
trict bill is explained in this paper. The bill resulted
after a review and study of drainage laws indicated
that Hood control, water pollution, recreation, soil
erosion, and others were closely related. Conserva-
tion efforts have become rather static for a number
of reasons, among them apathy, large operators,
and shifts to continuous row crops. The Conservan-
cy bill, as proposed, would regulate farm and non-
farm sources of erosion both by wind and water.
The local soil conservation district commissioners
would be in charge of soil conservation com-
pliance. Cost sharing would be available for those
required to comply. Failure to comply could result
in a court order requiring immediate compliance
and loss of any cost sharing funds that might have
been available. (White- Iowa State)
0285 - F3
POLLUTION CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO
SHOULD MAKE THEM,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Edwin T.Haefele.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971, DCS Moines, Iowa, p 95-99.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Pollution
abatement, Governments, Legislation, Environ-
ment, Taxes, Water pollution effects, 'Decision
making. • ,
Identifiers: Individual rights. Executive responsi-
bility.
Four lessons have been learned in the developing
history of our country to the problems of pollution
control. The first lesion is the necessity for legisla-
tive determination of policy. Most environmental
issues are not problems that can be solved but con-
flicts that must be resolved. Individual rights is the
second lesson. AD of us are exercising our in-
dividual rights to the detriment of all of us.
Rightfull use by each individual is the central core
of the problem of over use of common property
resources. The need for executive responsibility ii
the third lesson. The fourth lesson involves con-
necting the notion of individual right with that of
personal interest through the use of taxation and
prices as regulatory devices. (White-Iowa State)
0286 - Al, F4
AGRICULTURAL BENEFITS FROM URBAN
POLLUTION CONTROL,
Office of the Secretary of the Army, Washington,
D.C.
John R. Shaeffer.
In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute,
February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 101 -107.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage
treatment. Sewage, Benefits, Agriculture, Environ-
ment, Pollutants, Water pollution effects. Pumping,
Viruses, Diseases, Fertilizers, Irrigation, Michigan
Identifiers: 'Environmental vision. Waste manage-
ment. Treatment cells.
An environmental 'vision' is needed which encom-
passes the fact that the environment is a single in-
teracting closed system, and that pollutants are
potential resources out of place. Utilizing these
ideas, a pilot waste water management scheme for
Muskegon County, Michigan is outlined. Sewage is
first pumped to the surrounding countryside where
treatment calls convert the waste to an odorless
clear liquid by using all the forces of nature - air,
aerobic bacteria, gravity, sunlight, and time. The
liquid is then used as irrigation water and the soil
removes the remaining nutrients, heavy metals, and
viruses. An under drainage system picks up the
pure water and brings it to a stream. For 42 million
gallons of Muskegon County aewage a day, 10
thousand acres of land were needed. The costs for
the new system are less than bringing the existing
plants up to a secondary level of treatment.
(White-Iowa State)
0287 - Bl, El
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY
MANURE,
New Zealand Dept. of Agriculture, Christchurch.
P. D. Thompson.
New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Vol 116, No
I, January 1968, p 44-49.1 tab, S fig.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, Fertilizer, Oxidation
lagoons. Irrigation efficiency, Solid waste drying.
Market value. Weight, Chemical analysis. Larvae,
Waste treatment, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Cage, Broiler, Sewage sludge. Indoor
lagoon. Droppings, Offensive smell, Breeding
ground.
The disposal of poultry manure in its various forms
can cause problems by the spread of the urban set-
tlement. Disposal of poultry manure should be di-
vided into three stages: the collection of droppings;
the removal of the droppings; and the disposal or
processing. The volume of poultry manure per
1000 laying birds per week is approximately 32
cubic feet per ton with a moisture content of 70 per
cent. Approximately fifty acres of grassland is
required to dispose of the annual manure produced
from 2SOO deep litter layers or 20,000 broilers.
Sludge disposal is another method of handling
manure. To handle the manure from 1000 birds at
a dilution of 1:1, a holding capacity of 10 to 18
cubic feet per day is required. Most of these storage
tanks do not exceed 1000 cubic feet. The disposal
by irrigation is one of the common practices of
emptying these tanks. Still another method of
disposal is the lagoon. A newer method of disposal
is drying the manure. This method is expensive, and
therefore requires a-sure market to be practical.
Poultry farmers should realize the many profitable
alternatives for the disposal of manure. (Bundy-
lowa State)
0288 - E3
FIELD CROP IRRIGATION WITH OXIDATION
POND EFFLUENT,
Mississippi State Univ., State College. Dept. of
Agricultural and Biological Engineering; and Mis-
sissippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Sta-
tion.
J. B. Allen, and J. C. McWhorter.
American Society of Agricultural
Engineers. Paper No 71 -246. 29 p, 10 tab, 8 fig 12
ref.OWRRA-040-MISS(3).
Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Biochemical ox-
ygen demands. Furrow irrigation, Rainfall, Wheat
Soybeans, Sudangrass. Clovers, Alfalfa, Mississippi
crop yield, Nutrient requirements, Nitrogen 'Ir-
rigation efficiency,'Water reuse.
Identifiers: Test plot. Conform density.
Michigan The purpose of this 18-month study was to in-
vestigate the use of oxidation pond effluent for the
225
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irrigation of wheat, soybeans, sudax, alfalfa, and
sweet clover In Mississippi. The study was con-
ducted at the Agricultural and Biological Engineer-
ing Farm using effluent from a 2/3 acre oxidation
pond located at the farm. All plot! were furrow ir-
rigated. Thrw litigation treatments were uied; ir-
rigation with effluent, conventional irrigation, and
no irrigation. A total of 23.8 inches of irrigation
water was applied during the period from May 13,
1969 to October 29, 1970. The observed rainfall
during Oils period wai S1.95 inchet, and the total of
rainfall plus Irritation was 105.8 inches. At various
times during the first growing season, samples of
the effluent from the oxidation pond, the ground
witter beneath the ptots, and stream flow from
nearly sampling locations were collected for bac-
teriological and chemical analysis. The yield
responses to both types of irrigation were small,
probably because of a high ground water table at
the plot location. There were no large yield respon-
ses resulting from the nutrients contained in the ox-
idation pond effluent. These nutrients were not suf-
ficient to maintain a high level of crop production
(Bundy-lowa State)
0289 - D3, F3
TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK FARM
WASTES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Sanitary En-
gineering.
Charles D. Gates.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
35, No 12, December 1963, p 1569-1579. 7 fig, 2
tab, 16ref.
Descriptors: "Ducks. •Chlorine, 'Coliforms,
•Water management, *Chlorination, Farm wastes,
Water pollution. Biochemical oxygen demand,
Lagoons, Sludge, Waste disposal, Laboratory tests,
Microorganisms, Salmonella, Effluents, Shellfish,
Waste treatment, Oxidation lagoons.
Identifiers: Residual coliform densities. Un-
derwater lagoon, Most probable number.
The presence of year round duck farms in the
Moriches Bay area has resulted in pollution which
interferes with other legitimate uses of these
waters. A study was made and the results are re-
ported in this paper. The conclusion is that the suc-
cessful disinfection of duck farm lagoon effluents
by chlorination would require a number of addi-
tions to, and changes in, present treatment prac-
tice. These would include (I) a separate basin to
provide 15 minute contact time between the
chlorine and the settled effluent; (2) facilities for
adding the chlorine and thoroughly mixing it with
the effluent; (3) some means of dose and/or
residual control of the chlorination by the farm
operator; (4) some administrative means of ensur-
ing compliance with this required treatment.
ing
(Hi
lazen-lowa State)
0290 - C4
CORYNEFORM BACTERIA IN POULTRY
DEEP UTTER,
Edinburgh Univ. Dept. of Bacteriology.
H.E.Scnefferle.
Journal of Applied Bacteriology. Vol 29, No 1,
1966. p 147-160,2 tab, 57 ref.
paper discusses the characteristics and classifica-
tion of the coryneform bacteria isolated during the
investigation. The procedures for isolating and dif-
ferentiation of the various strains is discussed. The
actual counts of coryneform bacteria hi the region
10 to the 9th power • 10 to the 1 Ith power/g of
fresh mattrial did not appear to be related to the
physical condition! of the litter. Three hundred and
eleven strains of coryneform bacterial were ex-
amined and compared to those found in poultry
litter. (Haien-Iows State)
Descriptors: 'Bacteria, •Poultry, Farm wastes,
Hydrogen ion concentration, Laboratory
procedure, Decomposing organic matter, /N___ „.,
Bradegndation, Salt tolerance, Organic acids, 0293 - r4
Ureas, Vitamin B. Ammonia, Genetics, Classifica-
tion, Pollutant identification, Waste treatment
Identifiers: •Coryneform bacteria. Litter, Uric
acid. Biochemical characteristics. Growth factors,
Deep litter, Build up litter.
0291 - C4
COMPARISON OF MEDIA FOR ISOLATION
OF SALMONELLAE AND SHIGELLAE FROM
FECAL SPECIMENS,
Center of Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. Enteric
Bacteriology Unit.
C. Dunn, and W. J. Martin.
Applied Microbiology, Vol 22, No I, p 17-22, July
1971. 5 tab, 38 ref.
Descriptors: •Salmonellae, 'Shigellae,
•Pathogenic bacteria, Laboratory, Enteric bac-
teria. Bacteria, Isolation, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Transport media, Plating media, En-
richment broth media, Bacteria population. Clini-
cal specimens. Isolation rate, Recovery rate.
Five transport media, eight plating media, and
three enrichment broth media for the isolation of
salmoneilae and shigellae were evaluated. Eight
laboratories in widely separated regions of the
United States participated in this evaluation by sub-
mitting 490 fecal specimens in the transport media
provided. The results suggest that the newer trans-
port media may not offer any advantage over the
use of buffered glycerol-saline in the isolation of
these enteric pathogens. Shigellae were best iso-
lated by direct inoculation, whereas salmoneilae
were isolated in greater numbers after tetrathionate
(without Brilliant Green) enrichment with sub-
sequent culturing on the plating medium. The use
of a variety of plating media is recommended for
the recovery of a larger number of these enteric
pathogens. (Bundy-lowa State)
0292 - A3, A9
AGRICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND
STREAM POLLUTION,
John M. Henderson.
Proceedings of the American Society of Civil En-
gineers, SA6, Vol 88, November 1962. 4 tab, 11
ref, p 61-75.
Descriptors: •Water pollution sources, •Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, 'Drainage effects, Public
health, Waste water treatment, Zoonoses, *Farm
wastes, Waste identification, Diseases, Runoff,
Chemical properties, Physical properties.
Identifiers: •Human disease hazards, Organic pol-
lution. Health hazards, Waste characteristics.
Water-borne diseases. Population equivalents.
The inherent characteristics of organic pollution
contributed to agricultural land drainage by farm
animals ate Investigated as well as whether this
contribution can be a significant problem in stream
pollution. The nature of abatement measures is
outlined, together with their practicability and ef-
fectiveness? Human diseases hazards in water-
borne animal wastes are reviewed. (Christenbury-
lowa State)
SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH,
W. M. Smith.
Poultry Digest, March 1971. p 136-137.
A detailed discussion of bacteria found in poultry
litter is presented. The most frequently occurring
bacteria in poultry Utter is the coryneform. The
Descriptors: 'Eggs. •Effects, •Poultry, *Farm
wastes, DDT. Phosphorus, Proteins, Confinement
pens. Oysters, Calcium, Feeds, Amino acids.
Wheat, Sodium.
Identifiers: 'Egg shells, Egg quality, Egg produc-
tion, Albumen, Chicken housing, Cow manure.
The text gives summaries of papers presented at a
recent meeting of the Association of Southern
Agricultural Workers at Jacksonville, Florida.
Lighting eggs during incubation may hasten their
hatching. Egg production drops after six weeks of
feeding DDT at 1200 ppm; shell thickness and shell
weight are reduced about 10%. Wire-floor-reared
pullets were heavier at 4 and 20 weeks, laid better,
and lived better than those raised on titter. Oyster
shell strengthens egg shells. Caged hens require
more sodium in the ration than do those on litter.
(Hazen-Iowa State)
0294 - A8, C4
MANURE MITES IN INTEGRATED FLY CON-
TROL.
Poultry Digest, February 1971.p68.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Biocontrol, Mites, Farm
waste, Larvae, Environmental effects. Population,
Predatkm, Air temperature, Pollution abatement,
California.
Identifiers: *Fly control, Mesostigmatid, Thinoseis
spinosus, Fuscuropoda vegetans.
The manure mite is a biological control method in
which a predator population eliminates a fly
problem. Several species of mites have been found
in California as being associated with the poultry
industry. Some of the different mites being as-
sociated with flies on poultry ranches include
Mesostigmatid mite, Thinoseis spinosus, and the
Fuscuropoda vegetans. These mites do not get on
people or birds, but they stay in the manure. They
are most active in the winter, and can easily be seen
on the surface of the manure when it cools off. The
manure mite is a major predator on fly eggs. The
manure mite In itself will not control flies, but can
be used along with pesticides for control. (Bundy-
lowa State)
0295 - B2, D4
OXIDATION DITCH IN CAGE LAYER HOUSE.
Poultry Digest, July 1971. p 3 37.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm waste, Bacteria,
Odor, Foaming, Water circulation, Solids, Waste
treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Waste
water treatment, 'Oxidation lagoons.
Identifiers: 'Manure water mixture, Feathers,
Mechanical failure. Cage laying house. Oxidation
ditch.
An oxidation ditch under a laying flock presented
no major problems during a two year study. This
was a study made on a 936 bird caged flock in
Northern Ireland. The oxidation ditch is 68 feet
long with a channel width of 44 inches. The liquid
depth is maintained between 3 1/4 to '3 1/2 feet
deep for an approximate capacity of 1,8 cubic feet
per bird. Waste production of the birds averaged
254 pounds per day with a biological oxygen de-
mand of the fresh droppings of 40,860 parts per
million. This was a daily B.O.D. load on the ditch of
10.3 pounds. It was necessary to empty the ditch
completely when the solids content of the liquid
rose above the 30,000 ppm level - about twice a
year. Bacterial activity in the ditch during the first
cycle of storage was responsible for loss of 43% of
the total solids, 60% of the chemical and biological
oxygen demand, and 66% of the nitrogen. The
manure water mixture in the ditch was odorless.
(Bundy-lowa State)
0296 - Bl, F5
A NEW APPROACH TO CAGE WASTE
DISPOSAL IN A CANINE LABORATORY,
Veterans Administraton Hospital, West Roxbury,
Mass. General Medical Research Dept.
P.Godin.andJ. Belko.
226
-------
' Vo1 18> No 3- June 1968-
g, 2 ref. 4 fig,
,
ref.
Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Animal parasite.
Laboratory, Labor, Moisture content, Water pollu-
tion control, Equipment, 'Pollution abatement.
' Identifiers: 'Automatic flush waste system. Dog
cage wastes, Compactness, Flushing.
The need for the improvement of animal housing to
meet future standards prompted the design of a
new type of animal cage at the Veterans Adminis-
tration Hospital. This particular dog cage system
has been in use for 3 years, housing 29 animals in a
small area, yet meeting all the requirements for
good animal care. The cages are custom-installed
prefabricated fiberglass, featuring a central drain
that ties into existing public sewer lines. An auto-
matic flush system connected to the drain lines
reduces both odors and labor. The general condi-
tion of the dogs have improved, and the number of
parasites diminished with the way of cleaning. The
relative humidity rises to 57% in the' first hour after
cleaning, then maintains a level of 47-50%
throughout the day. This system may readily be
adopted to existing or new animal facilities. (Bun-
dy-Iowa State)
0297 - B3
BROODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT,
Roland C, Hartmin.
Poultry Digest, April 1971, p. 165-168.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastes. Structural
design, Ventilation, Waste storage.
Identifiers: Pit storage, Cages.
This article describes a brooder-growing house for
pullets. The building measures 36' X 390' and has
four 370* rows of double-decked cages on A-
frames designed for starting 38,000 pullet chicks
and rearing them until 20 to 22 weeks of age. The
cages are set up over a deep pit. Air is exhausted
from beneath the floor and brought in under the
caves. Heat is supplied by a hot water pipe running
down the center of each row of cages. (Parker-
ISU)
0298 - A2, Bl
MANAGING SWINE WASTES TO PREVENT
POLLUTION,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Agricultural Engineering
Extension.
E.A.Olson.
Nebraska Farmer, April 1971, p. 18, 20,22, 2fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Wastewater disposal.
Lagoons, Waste storage. Settling basins. Hogs.
Identifiers: 'Waste management, Nebraska Water
Pollution Control Council.
The management of swine wastes to keep them
from polluting our streams is one of the new
production problems facing the swine producer.
Site selection is especially important as related to
odor problems and sufficient space for waste han-
dling facilities. Runoff from swine lots! must not
reach streams. Therefore facilities must be built to
store and dispose of wastes. This article discusses
some systems and problems associated with swine
waste disposal. (Parker-ISU)
0299 — El, F5
HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY - RUNOFF
VVASTEWATER TREATMENT,
Robert S, Kerr, Water Research Center, South
Central Region, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Ada,
Oklahoma.
Richaid E. Thomas, James P. Law, Jr., Curtis
C. Harlin, Jr.
Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division
Proceedings of the American Society of Civil
Descriptors: 'Hydrology, 'wastewater treatment,
•soil disposal fields, runff, systems analysis,
water balance, water measurement, sprinkler
irrigation,
'Identifiers; 'Spray runoff, sprinkler application.
A 400-acre soil treatment system designed to
treat 3.8 mgd of wastewater from acannery
was selected for a research study. Four water-
sheds with a total area of 11.4 acres were ta-
strilmented to evaluate the hydrology of the
treatment system. The liquid measuring proced-
ures used In the 12-month study accountd for
83% of the total liquid applies. On a monthly
basU evaporative losses ranged from 9% to 35%
of tbe liquid accounted for; and deep toll perco-
lation ranged from 16% to JS% of tbe iiould
accounted tor, A change .la tbe aprey schedule
from B hr per day to 8 hr per turv&Tr*
ductlon In the treatment area uiei frojn Juns
through September suppressed but did not eli-
minate the effect of aummer weather on the
ratio of evaporative lossea to runoff. During
the 12-month study, evaporative processes ac-
counted for 18% of the liquid; 61% returned
to the surface stream as runoff: and 21% per-
colated through the soil. These value* were ob-
tallied during a relatively wet year; therefore.
evaporative losses could be expected to be reta-
Uvely greater In normal and dry years. (Park-
0300 — Al, Bl, F4
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVE-
STOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES
WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE,
The Ad Hoc Interdisciplinary Committee on
Feedlot Pollution of the Research Committee,
Great Plains Agricultural Council.
The Research Committee by the Ad Hoc Inter-
disciplinary Committee on Feedlot Pollution of
the Research Committee, Great Plains Agricul-
tural Council, July 1969, pp. 1-11,
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'livestock, odor, feed-
lots, air pollution, ammonia, sprinkler irriga-
tion, lagoon, mlcroblal, bacteria, runoff.
Identifiers: 'Great Plains, Composting.
Representatives of the ad hoc committee met In
Lincoln, Nebraska on February 10 to consider
the charge outlined by the Research Committee
of tbe Great Plains Agricultural Council: 'to
study the scope and nature of current research
on problems of feedlot pollution and to develop
recommendations for consideration by the re-
search committee at their next meeting." The
ad hoc committee set up its organization at
this meeting, outlined Its procedure, identified
sources of its information, and adopted the fol-
lowing resolution: "This Committee will be
concerned with waste management of livestock
of the Plains States with emphasis on beef
cattle." At Its second meeting on May 13 and
14, the ad hoc committee reviewed past and
current research in tbe United States. It Inven-
toried and discussed In detail the relevant re-
search activity In tb Great Plains. Problem
areas were Identified which, in the Committee's
opinion, have special significance for the Great
Plains and which appear to require additional
research emphasis. This report summarizes the
review of the national research effort and com-
ments on Its significance to research planners
In tbe Great Plains. Current research in tbe
Great Plains is outlined. Finally, this report
states the Committee's recommendations for re-
search emphasis in the Great Plains and for
the establishment of a standing commltteee to
implement interstate coordination of research in
waste management. (Bundy - ISU)
0301 - Bl, F2
STATE AGENCIES REGULATING CONFINED
ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
I. M. Sweeten.
Environmental Protection Agency Division of
Tcchn.c.1 n,,.~.:— open-File Report (TO 01 0
•State Governments, Regulation, Control, Feed
lots. Standards, 'Administrative agencies,
Identifiers: 'Regulatory control.
State Agencies that regulate livestock feeding
operations ind their responsibility with respect to
environmental problems are identified. The reader
will thus know which agencies should be contacted
about establishing a confined feeding operation.
improving or expanding existing feeding facilities,
and reporting nuisances arising from feedlots. The
information was collected by sending a letter to
each State solid waste planning agency requesting:
(I) the name and address of all State agencies that
should be contacted prior to establishing a con-
fined feeding operation; (2) the types and limits of
control exercised by these agencies. Tbe types of
Uiociei «xc.rtjng rejulatory control over animal
leedUVI operations uYeach State are summarized in
* table. Tbe iviilability of technical assistance in
designing feedlot and waste treatment systems is
included when specifically mentioned by the
respondent agencies. General observations regard-
ing nationwide control over animal feeding opera-
tions are made, (Bundy-Iowi State)
0302 - A2, A9, C4
SALMONELLA INFANTIS IN CATTLE
FEEDLOT RUNOFF,
Kansas SUM Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Bac-
teriology.
J. R. Miner, L. R. Pint, and Cheryl PUtt.
Applied Microbiology. Vol. 13, No. 3. May 1967, p
627.628,1 tab. 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, • Runoff, 'Pathogenic
bacteria. Microorganisms, Cattle, Salmonella, Pol-
lutant identification.
Identifiers; 'Feedlot runoff, 'Salmonella infantis.
Litter.
Ten isolates of Salmonella infantis (serologically
typed) were found in litter and runoff collected
from two experimental feedlots near the Kansas
State University campus. Pathogenic implications
are discussed relative to recreation water sites.
Agricultural runoff maybe a source of viable sal-
monellae. (Christenbury-ISU)
0303 - C4
METABOLIC FATE OF UBIQUINONE-7 tola-
thu and Identification of Metabolites la the Urine,
Liver, Bile snd Fetes,
Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka (Japan).
Biological Research Labs.
Takeshi Fujita, Shigeharu Tanayama, and Ziro
Suzuoki.
Jouin.il of Biochemistry. Vol. 69, No. I, 1971, p
tab., 17ref.
i i i
Descriptors: Radioactivity, Urine, Laboratory tests,
Chromatography, Chemical analysis. Chemical
properties.
Identifiers: 'Ubiquinone-7, Urinary metabolites,
Acid Chromatography.
The metabolic conversion of methpxy-UC-labeled
ubiquinone-7 was investigated in the rat following
intravenous injection. From urine two radioactive
metabolites were isolated and identified. The major
metabolite is a new compound whose structure is
2,3-dimethoxy.5-methyl-6 <3'.methyl)-l, 4-
benzoquinone (compound B) whereas the other
one is gamma-lactone of 2,3-dimethoxy-J.methyl-
6- (S'-carboxypentyl-S'-hydroxyO'-methyl)-! 4-
benzc-quinone (compound A). Compound B ac-
counted for about half of the urinary metabolites
and compound A a quarter. Both metabolites were
excreted as conjugates into urine. About 90% of
the hepatic radioactivity was identified as
unchanged ubiquinone-7. Chromatographic ex-
aminations indicated the occurrence of compounds
A and B in bile and feces, presumably as conju-
227
-------
gates. The main biotraniformation of ubiquinone-7
was thus proved to be oxidative shortening of the
side chain. The chain with 7 iioprenoid units was
eventually degraded to 3-carboxy-3-methylpropyl
group in compound B via 5-carboxypentyl-3-
hydroxy-3-methyl group in compound A, possibly
due to Beta-oxidation of the bitter. Metabolic con-
version of ubiquinone-7 to- ubiquinone-9 or
ubiquinone-IO was not recognized in the present
studies. (Hazen-I&U)
0304 - AS, Dl, El
STATE OF THE ART REVIEW! TREATMENT
AND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES,
Mississippi State Univ.. State College, and Soil
Conservation Service, New Albany, Mist.
Adnan Shindala, and James H. Scarbrough.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 118, No. 2. p 50-
57, February 1971. 2 fig, 4 tab. 44 ref.
Descriptors: *Odor, 'Waste treatment, *Waste
disposal. Chemical oxygen demand. Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution. Lagoons, Anaerobic digestion.
Disposal, Farm wastes, Cattle, Confinement pent.
Hogs, Biochemical oxygen demand. Alkalinity.
Design criteria.
Identifiers: Odor production. Odor control, En-
vironmental control. Swine, Characteristics, Load-
ing rates.
Confinement production of animals yields large
volumes of animal wastes which constitutes a tre-
mendous oxygen demand on natural streams if not
disposed of properly, Animal wastes disposal has
become one of the major problems facing the
livestock industry today. Among the many com-
binations of processes suggested for the treatment
of animal wastes, lagooning has received the widest
acceptance. The low cost of construction and
operation of lagoons has resulted in their wide
adoption for the treatment of all types of animal
wastes. If properly located, designed, constructed,
and maintained, anaerobic lagoons provide the
most economical means of treating and disposal of
swine wastes. Effluents from anaerobic lagoons are
offensive and must receive further treatment.
Anaerobic lagoons must only be used as an initial
step rather than a complete facility and must be fol-
lowed by other means of treatment prior to
adequate and safe disposal of the effluents. (Hazen-
ISU)
0305 - C3
RETARDING EFFECT OF DESSICATION ON
NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC
MANURES,
Indian Agricultural Research Imt., New Delhi. Div.
of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry.
R. O. Laura, and M. A. Idnani.
Current Science, Vol. 40, No. 7.1971, p 138. I tab,
3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Drying, Nitrification, Nitrogen com-
pounds, Nitrogen. Farm wastes.
Identifiers: Anaerobic fermentation, Microbial
decomposition. Nitrogen mineralization.
Nitrogen in organic manures of animal or vegetable
origin is com pie* in chemical nature due to its
presence in the form of proteinacedui compounds
which are largely insoluble in water. If such
nitrogen is to be transformed to mineral forms
which are easiy available to plants, the parent
materials must be subjected to the agencies of
decomposition in the soil. The effect of drying on
the quantity of nitrogen mineralized in an animal
manure, viz., dung spent-slurry is the object of an
investigation. Sun-drying of spent-slurry has drasti-
cally reduced the rate of njtrogen mineralization.
The reason may be irreversible desiccation of or-
ganic colloids of the manure on sun-drying and thus
their increased resistance to subsequent microbial
decomposition in soil. The conclusion is that apart
from the chemical composition of an organic
manure, the treatment given to it before applying
to soil should also be taken into comideration while
evaluating its nitrogen supplying power to growing
plants. The practical Implication is that to exploit
full potential of the benefits that can be obtained
from organic manures, they should never be sub-
jected to drying before applying. (Hazen-ISU)
0306 - D4, F5
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES,
Bergen County Sewer Authority, Little Ferry, N.J.
Stanley A. Peterson, and Herman R. Zablatzky.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
40, No 4. p 581-585, April 1968.2 fig, 5 tab, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Alkalinity,
Lagoons, Hydrogen ion concentration, Waste
water treatment. Sludge, 'Sludge digestion.
Digestion (Decomposition).
Identifiers: Isolation, 'Ammonium alkalinity,
Thickeners, Volatile acids, Oas production, Sodi-
um hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide. Calcium ox-
ide, Oas agitation.
Two separate incidents of digester failure are
discussed, along with the materials and methods
used to help them recover. Parameters of pH, al-
kalinity, CO2 content, volatile acids content, and
gas production were continuously monitored and
that data is presented in graphical form. Under-
concentration of feed sludge may lead to failure by
the depletion of alkaline buffering materials. Over
concentration of feed sludge allows buildup of am-
monium alkalinity to toxic levels. One of the essen-
tials of good digester maintenance is early diagnosis
of problems through close observance of the major
parameters. Ideal sludge concentration varies from
plant to plant and must be determined by the in-
dividual operator. (Lowry-Texas)
0307 - C4
ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM
HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA AND ITS
PERISTENCE IN ABIAN FECES,
Cape Town Univ., (South Africa). M. R. C. Virus
Research Unit.
HelaOitay. and A. Poison.
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 17, No. 2, p
288-290.1971.4 fig.
Descriptors: 'Viruses. 'Isolation. Farm wastes.
Birds, Laboratory tests.
Identifier*: 'Cattle egret, Procedure, Feeding
habits.
This paper describes the procedures by which a
granulosis virus was isolated. Feces of the Cattle
egret, Arboela ibis, that feed on the caterpillars of
the bollworm and the lucerne caterpillar were col-
lected and found to contain intact inclusion bodies
of granulosis virus but no polyhedra. The granulosis
virus was isolated from the bollworm caterpillars,
Heliothisarmigera. (Christenbury-ISU)
0308 - Bl
DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE,
Roland C. Hartman.
Poultry Digest, December 1970. p. 580-583. Fig. 7.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farmwastei, Ventilation,
Design data.
Identifiers: 'Slatted floor, Evaporative cooling.
This is a description of a slatted floor confinement
house for poultry breeding flocks. The building has
• 6 feet-5 inches ceiling height room above a 6 feet-
0 inch pit, all above ground level. Slats are made of
2 X 4's split to 1 7/8 inches X 1 7/8 inches. Fans
draw air from the pit area. The air enters through
continuous vent* near the ceiling pasting first
through an evaporative cooler made of a fogger
and cooling pad. INCHEShese units were built by
Pace/Setter Inc. on the high desert near Hesperia,
California. (Parker-ISU)
0309 — A5, B1.D2
CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE EX-
HAUST ODORS,
USDA Agricultural Research Service,
George B. Willson.
Poultry Digest, p. 332-334, July 1971. 2 tig., 1
tab., 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'odors, 'particle size, air
circulation, waste treatment, drying, wetting,
air pollution effects, waste.
Identifiers: 'Air filter system, water scrubbing,
masking agents, ammonia-like odor, respirator.
Filtering exhaust air from poultry houses will
reduce the odor. Pad-type filters were effective
In removing the dust and reducing trie odor,
but clogged too quickly to be practical. Baffle
impingement filters were evaluated for dust and
odor control. The effectiveness of removing the
dust and odor was Improved when the vanes
were washed clean. The study was conducted
at Unlontown, Maryland in three 12,000 bird
windowless caged laying bouses. The spray of
.8 gallons per minute per hen was required
for the best results. The water was recycled
through a storage tank to reduce the amount
of water required to operate the system. It was
concluded that water spray chambers can re-
duce substantially the odor exhausted from the
building/ Studies also showed there Is not a
direct relationship between dust and odor,
(Bundy-Iowa State),
0310 - A6, D3
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COLLECTION OF
HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN CADMIUM
HYDROXIDE SUSPENSION,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Coll. of En-
gineering.
W. L. Bamesberger, and D. F. Adams.
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 3, p
258-261, 1969. 2 fig, 3 tab, 11 ref. Grant No. AP-
00215 Division of Air Pollution, U.S. Public Health
Service.
Descriptors: 'Hydrogen sulfide, 'Oxidation,
Chemical reactions. Analytical techniques, Ions,
Laboratory tests, Efficiency performance, Colloid
suspension, Hydrogen ion concentration.
Identifiers: 'Cadmium hydroxide, Absorption
solution, Aspirator, Alkaline solutions, Jacobs
method.
The technique of collecting hydrogen sulfide at
ambient air concentrations in cadmium hydroxide
suspension, in use for more than 10 years, is re-
ported to prevent loss from sulfide oxidation. A
comparison of this procedure with bromine
microcoulometric titration and with calculations of
the anticipated hydrogen sulfide concentrations
produced in a laboratory gas dilution system
revealed an unpredictable and nonreproducible
loss of hydrogen sulfide as high as 80% during col-
lection of a 2-hour impinger sample containing
cadmium hydroxide suspension. Evidence is given
of the photodecomposition of cadmium sulfide in
the impinger and techniques are described to
reduce loss of sulfide during sampling and storage.
The suggested modification provides reproducible
hydrogen sulfide recoveries. Reliable quantitative
results were obtained. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0311 - AS. D4
WHY STIRRING MANURE REDUCES ODORS,
Pennsylvania State Univ., State College. Interna-
tional Poultry Industries Exposition.
Glenn O. Dressier.
Poultry Digest, p 60, February 1971.
Descriptors: 'Anaerobic condition, 'Air circula-
tion, 'Aeration, Anaerobic condition, Odors, Bac-
terial. Drying, Gases, Velocity, Movement, Air pol-
lution,'Farm wastes,'Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Sewerage gas, Anaerobic bacteria.
Anaerobic bacterial action is the orimary cause of
the offensive odors in manure. High velocity air cir-
228
-------
dilating over the dropping! hinder* the bacterial
action and reduce! the odor. However, the high
velocity air movement over the manure doei not
Mop the bacterial action underneath the surface.
To rid the odor producing gate* from forming, the
anaerobic bacteria mint be destroyed. By aerating
with fam and stirring several times daily, most of
the anaerobic bacteria are destroyed. This com-
bined operation destroys the odor as well as in-
creases the speed of drying the droplet*. (Bundy-
lowa State)
0312 - C4
REDUCTION AND ESTERIFICAT1ON Or
CHOLESTEROL AND SITOSTEROL BY
HOMOGENATES OF FECKS,
Moi.jeT.ort Hospital. Bronx, N.Y.
R, $. RosenfeU, and L. He|lman.
Journal of Lipid Research. Vol 12, Np 2, 1971, p
192-197.4 tab, 23 ref.
Detcripton: *Lipid, Microorganisms, 'Wane
treatment. Incubation, Aluminum compound,
Wutc water treatment, Acida.
Identifiers: 'Cholesterol, 'Sitosterol, •Feces. Free
iterols. Bile acid, Eitification.
Mixture! of cholesterol-1.2-3H and sitosterol 4-
14C have been incubated with sutpenskms of fecei
in order to compare the behavior of the phytoiterol
with transformations known to take place with
cholesterol under tbeie conditions. Within the
limitations of the study both labeled iterols were
esterified to the same extent, and reduction of the
delta 3 double bond to the saturated analogue
proceeded equally in both substances. After cor-
recting for procedural losses, the recoveries of 3H
and I4C from the incubations were always less than
the controls; this strongly indicates destruction of
aterol by feces microorganisms. (Bundy-lowa
State)
0313 - B3, D2
TYPES OF MANURE DRYERS.
Poultry Digest, p 338-340, July 1971.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastei, •Drying,
Capital investment. Moisture content. Dehydra-
tion, "Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Rotary dryers. Conveyor dryers. Vibrat-
ing conveyor dryers. Vibrating type conveyor,
Three paiadrum, 2 stage drying.
With the increase in demand for poultry manure
drying, several dryers operating on different princi-
ples have been put on the market. One type of
dryer subjects manure to 1400 degrees of tempera-
ture in a rotating drum. Another type dryer uses the
conveyor principle. The conveyor-type unit pulls
the manure back and forth through a unit with air
temperature! of 400 to 600 degrees. A modified
version of the conveyor type vibrates. This is a new
type expected to be on the market during the
summer of 1971. The temperature ranges from
1000 degrees at the start and drops to 400 degrees.
A three-pass drum method of drying utilizes hot gas
temperatures up to 1800 degrees, and allows 75
feet of horizontal travel in a 25 foot drum. A two
stage drying method is being promoted which will
reduce the drying cost. The first stage uses
mechanical stirrers on the manure aided by a high
velocity air current. This first stage reduces the
moisture without applying heat to the manure.
While the second stage process drys the manure
down to the desired moisture content. The two
stage process allows more manure to be dryed or
allows for a smaller dryer. (Bundy-lowa State)
0314 - A5, A6, C3, C4, Dl
GASES AND ODORS FROM POULTRY
MANURE: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY,
Merck and Co., Rahway, N.J. Quinton Research
Labs.
W. E. Burnett.
Poultry Science. Vol 50, No 1, p 61-63, January
197l.35ref.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, *Odor, *Oases, 'Farm
wastes, 'Bibliographies, Research and develop-
ment. Management.
This is a bibliography of 35 articles pertaining to
gases and odors from poultry wastes. The articles
are grouped into three divisions: (1) The
microbiology and chemistry of gas and odor
production; (2) Identification and determination of
gases and odors; (3) Odor control methods.
(Hazen-lowa State)
0315 — A7
IF COW MANURE BREAKS DOWN
DDT. ...
R. C. Hartman.
Poultry Digest. March 1971. pp. 109.
Descriptors: 'DDT, Farm wastes. Poultry. In-
secticides.
Identifiers:* Decomposition, DDT, build-up.
Cow manure reportedly breaks down DDT In
the soil in a tew weeks. The question Is raised
as to whether poultry manure will work as well.
Studies need to be made to determine whether
It is necessary to use fresh poultry manure to
degrade DDT, or whether processed manure can
do the same Job. (Hazen—Iowa State)
0316 - AS, A6, A9, C5
EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON
THE PIG,
Ohio Agriculture Research and Development
Center, Wopster. Dept. of Agricultural Engineer-
ing; and Ohio Agriculture Research and Develop-
ment Center, Wooster. Dept. of Animal Science
D. P. Stombaugh, H. S. Teague, and W. L. Roller
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 28, 1969 o 844-
847. 2 fig. 2 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Hogs, *Ammonia, Air pollution,
•Air pollution effects, Toxicity, Ventilation, Farm
wastes, Confinement pens. Odor, Gases, Growth
rates, Laboratory tests.
Identifiers: 'Response, Anhydrous ammonia. Feed
consumption, Fe*d efficiency. Concentration. Ex-
posure time.
Duroc pigs were subjected to four levels of am-
monia air contamination. Ammonia concentration
had a highly significant adverse effect upon feed
consumption and average daily gain. There was no
significant effect upon efficiency of feed conver-
sion. Corynebacterium and Pastcurella were iso-
lated from the ethmoid turbinatcs of two animals,
otherwise all gross, microscopic and bacteriologi-
cal observations were unaffected by ammonia con-
centrations. Frequency of coughing was increased
in animals exposed to the higher ammonia levels.
(Hazen-lowa State)
0317 - AS, A6, A9, Dl
°F ODOROIJS
Litton Systems, Inc., Bethesda, Md. Environmental
Systems Div.
Ralph J.Sullivan.
Available from the National Technical Information
Service as PB-1 88089, $3.00 in paper copy/$0 95
in microfiche. September 1969. 245 p, 3 fig 444
ref. Contract No PH-22-68-25. 8
Descriptors: »Odor, 'Air pollution effects, 'Clas-
sification, Air pollution, Air environment. Pollu-
tion abatement. Costs, Property values, Farm
"^^ Theoretical *«>**><*,
Identifiers: »Odor perception, 'Sources, Detector,
Nose. Description, Characteristics, Intensity, Ac-
ceptability, Public opinion. Allergies.
Offensive odors provoke people into complaining
about air pollution. They may cause both mental
and physiological effects such as nausea, headache,
loss of sleep, loss of appetite, impaired breathing,
and in some cases, allergic reactions. The most of-
fensive odors come from Kraft paper mills, animal.
rendering plants, chemical plants, petroleum
refineries, diesel engines, sewers and sewage treat-
ment plants, and metallurgical plants. The most
generally accepted method for abating most odor
pollution problems is incineration. Other methods
of control include: adsorption, chemical scrubbing,
containment, process changes, and masking or
counteracting the odors. The cost of abatement de-
pends on the odor pollution problem and the
source. The human nose is the only reliable odor
detector. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0318 - A2, A4, C3
RUNOFF, SOLID WASTES. AND NITRATE
MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEF.DI.OTS,
Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebr.; and
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
C. B. Cilbertwn.T. M. McCnll*. J. R. Ellis. O. E.
Cross, and W.R. Woods.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
43, No 3, Pan 1, p 483-493, Mar 1971. 11 p, 2 fig,
6 tan, 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution
sources, 'Path of pollutants, 'Confinement pens,
Runoff, Water quality. Nitrates. Groundwatcr, Sur-
face waters. Water pollution. Industrial wastes.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot wastes.
A study of the effect of feedlot slope and cattle
densities on the quantity and quality of runoff
resulting from rainstorms and snowhielt, the
downward movement of pollutants into the soil
profile on unpaved feedlots, and the amount of
solids accumulation on the feedlot surface revealed
that feedlots with 18.58 sq m/head yielded 5.6 met-
ric tons dry matter/day/ha, whereas those with 9.29
sq m/head yielded 7.6 metric tons/day/ha. Feedlot
slope had little effect. About 30 percent of the
solids were volatile. Runoff quantity and quality de-
pended more on rainfall than slope or cattle densi-
ty, but high-density lots yielded 130 to 170 percent
more winter runoff than low-density lots. Winter
runoff averaged 6.2 to 17.A metric tons/ha-cm,
with about 50 percent volatile. Nitrate movement
in soil after I yr was minimal. (Knapp-USGS)
0319 - D4, El
FARM WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.C. Dale.
Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University,
AE-80, Feb 1971. 10 p,*l tab. 5 fij, 34 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal,
'Lagoons, *OiMation lagoons. Aerobic condi-
tions, Anaerobic conditions. Algae, Organic
matter. Volume, Drying.Odor, Nitrogen, Aeration,
Hog*. Cattle, Poultry, Research and development,
Soil, Soil contamination.
Identifiers: 'Disposal systems, 'Land disposal. Ox-
idation ditches. Aerated lagoons. Composting, Re-
fccding. Anhydrous ammonia, Watte characteriza-
tion.
In this publication the present available alternatives
for animal waste disposal and criteria for selection
of these methods are presented. A brief literature
review tells of research being done in all areas and
aspects of animal waste disposal. Land disposal still
remains the most suitable and most widely used
disposal method. Research indicates that approxi-
mately 2SO pounds of nitrogen can be added to
each acre of soil without unduly polluting it. Other
methods of disposal discussed are aerobic, anaero-
bic, and mechanically aerated lagoons, as well as
oxidation ditches, composting, and drying. Recom-
229
-------
meVdations are made for the chemical treatment of
animal waste* to reduce odors while spreading.
(White-Iowa State)
0320 - F3
AGRICULTURAL WASTE IN AN URBAN EN-
VIRONMENT.
New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force.
Proceeding! of the Conference, 'Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment,' Atlantic City,
New Jersey, Sept 14-17, 1970. New Jersey Animal
Waste Disposal Task Force. 256 p.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Environment, Watte disposal. Cities, Grants.
Research and development. Legislation, Communi-
cation, Poultry, Cattle. Odor, Lagoons, Aeration,
Nitrogen, Moisture content. Aeration, Costs,
Sewage, Agriculture, 'Waste water treatment,
Waste treatment.
Identifiers: 'Urban environment, Land-Grant Col-
leges, Funding, Public relations, Refeeding, Land
disposal, Research needs. Biological systems,
Waste handling. Research funds. Recycling.
The groundwork for the conference 'Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment,' wai laid several
years ago when the New Jersey Animal Waste
Disposal Task Force was formed. Since its forma-
tion the Task Force has moved in four directions in
an effort to find a solution to the agricultural waste
problem. These have consisted of studying current
laws, making maximum use of available methods of
disposal, utilization and odor control, encouraging
research, and informing the public of the issues.
The conference was based on these four ap-
proaches. Various resources available to deal with
the problem were brought together and, con-
sequently the attitude of people of all levels of the
economy, both rural and urban, was determined;
additional resources were discovered; new interests
were created; better communications were
established; the latest technology was reviewed;
and a plan of action was developed. A resolution
passed by the delegates calls for a national con-
ference on this matter by appropriate Federal offi-
cials. The main purpose of the conference was to
find a way for rural and urban communities to
develop their economies and reach their full poten-
tials without becoming a nuisance to each other.
(White- Iowa State)
0321 - AS, D4, F5
WASTE DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION.
POULTRY PROCESSING,
Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. Engineering
Waste Disposal Plant.
Rowland Retrum.
Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey
Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 64-75, Sept
14-17,1970. 13 tab. 5 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, Water pollu-
tion, 'Waste water disposal, Sewage, Odor.
Biochemical oxygen demand. Organic matter, An-
nual costs, Aeration, Aerobic treatment, Anaero-
bic digestion, Lagoons. Dissolved oxygen, Conden-
sers, Incineration, Drying.
Identifiers: 'Poultry processing, Solids, Rendering
plants, Odor control. Chemical scrubbing. By-
products.
It is the author's intention to attempt to define the
problem of waste disposal and pollution with
respect to poultry processing, to describe efforts
now being made toward solution, to review cost ef-
fects, and to indicate promixing directions for ac-
celerated investigation. The problems considered
as the major pollution problems are feather litter,
water pollution, sewage treatment odors, and
rendering odors. Costs and other data are com-
puted for an 80,000 bird per day broiler processing
plant with a small associated rendering plant. Sug-
gestions arc made for decreasing the total waste
load while increasing income. Systems for reducing
the odor from both sewage treatment and render-
ing plants are explained. The odor problem is com-
plex and there are no pat solutions. Any solution
will be expensive. (White- Iowa State)
0322 - Fl, F3
FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTE
RESEARCH,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
N.C.Brady.
Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey
Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 89-98, Sept
14-17,1970.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Research and develop-
ment. Environment, Agriculture, Water pollution.
Foods. Domestic wastes, Industrial wastes, Proper-
ties, Waste disposal, Grants, Population, Legisla-
tion, Education, 'Costs.
Identifiers: 'Research funds. Agricultural waste
problem, Environmental quality. Intensive animal
agriculture.
Three basic assumptions are made on which to
establish a common ground. First the agricultural
waste problem is serious. Secondly, agricultural
waste problems are not extensions of those waste
problems facing municipalities and industry.
Thirdly, the solutions to the agricultural waste
problem require knowledge that we do not now
have. These assumptions lead to the fact that
research and adequate funding are badly needed.
The following are avenues that could be developed
far solving agricultural waste problems in an urban
environment: (I) Agriculture and its related indus-
tries must sec environmental pollution as a major
threat to themselves; (2) Agriculture should work
closely with state and Federal legislators to obtain
funding for direct application to State Experiment
Stations and USD A research agencies; (3) Greater
coordination between agencies is needed so that a
larger proportion of the Federal Water Quality Ad-
ministration's research funds can be used for
animal waste studies; (4) We must not ignore the
possibilities of reorienting research funds already
available, and; (5) The training and education of
professionals in agricultural waste management is
needed. (W hite-lowa State)
0323 — BI, CI, D2, El
AGRICULTURAL WASTE RESEARCH
NEEDS,
Cloisterdale Farms. Inc., Ephrata, Pennsylvania.
Glenn H. Herr.
Proceedings of the Conference, "Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment," New Jersey
Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, September
14-17, 1970. p. 109-117.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'poultry, 'liquid
wastes, 'moisture content, volume, odor, ultimate
disposal, toxldty, lagoons, sprinkler Irrigation,
pumping, annual costs, research and develop-
ment.
Identifiers: '"Shud," community relations, liquid
handling, hauling.
A poultry manure disposal method Is explained
which Cloisterdale Farms in Pennsylvania is
presently converting to. With 360.000 hens and
35-40 tons of manure to dispose of daily, a
liquid system consisting of lagoon, Irrigation
and hauling was soon found inadequate. One
house was then converted to a semi-dry system
in which "rakes" and airflow convert the 70-
75% moisture raw waste Into a 28-35% moisture
product. Its advantages include easier handling.
little or no odor, no restrictions on seasonal
disposal, DO great labor problem, and some as
yet un-established value. Remodeling and opera-
tional costs are given. It Is felt that a sizeable
volume of funds is needed to support practical
research in the waste disposal area. (White-
Iowa State).
0324 - El
DISPOSAL OK SOLID AGRICULTURAL
WASTES - CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and
Agricultural Engineering.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey
Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 126-134
Sept 14-17, 1970. 12ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Research and
development, Waste disposal. Drying, Dehydra-
tion, Incineration, Beneficial use, Environment,
Water pollution. Temperature, Moisture content.
Odor, Feeds.
Identifiers: 'Research needs, 'Land disposal,Com-
posting, Refeeding, Pyrolysis, Utilization, Waste
management.
The slate of development regarding suitable
disposal methods for agricultural solid wastes is in
an embryonic stage. A variety of techniques are
possible but little information exists on the broad
applicability of the techniques or on the detailed
design and use parameter for the techniques with
these wastes. Because of technical or economic dif-
ficulties, composting, drying and dehydration, in-
cineration, and pyrolysis have not found wide ap-
plication for animal solid wastes. Refeeding and
land disposal offer the greatest opportunities for
satisfactory disposal of animal wastes in the near
future. The important research needs in the area of
animal waste disposal include: (1) more thorough
investigation of promising techniques, (2) utiliza-
tion of non-traditional concepts, (3) evaluation of
feasible disposal methods as part of animal produc-
tion operations, (4) more and detailed cost infor-
mation, and (5) broad interdisciplinary approaches
and studies. (White-Iowa State)
0325 - E3
RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION OF
BIODEGRADABLE WASTES IN THE SOIL,
Rutgers-The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
Charles H. Reed.
Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey
Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 135-139,
Sept 14-17, 1970. 2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biodegradation,
Waste disposal, Water pollution, Nitrogen,
Nitrogen compounds. Nitrogen cycle. Research
and development, Conservation, Soil, Environ-
ment, Agriculture.
Identifiers: 'Recycling, Utilization, Biological
systems. Materials balance.
The survival of man depends upon the intelligent
use of agriculture with its inumerable physical,
chemical and biological systems and cycles. The
author emphasizes that all biodegradable organic
wastes could and should be recycled and utilized by
natural biological systems on specialized sites or
farms. The ability of soils to filter and degrade or-
ganic wastes and immobilize potential pollutants is
widely recognized. Plants are among the best
known converters of nitrogenous compounds to
non-pollutional materials. A figure depicts the
nitrogen cycle and how organic wastes are recycled
>by the soil. A chart is presented showing a program
for recycling biodegradable wastes. To achieve this
objective an interdisciplinary approach must be
taken, which will necessitate much research requir-
ing many tax dollars. (White-IowaState)
0326 - F4
AGRICULTURAL WASTE RESEARCH NEEDS,
Rutgcrs-The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J
Dept. of Agricultural Economics.
George W. Luke.
230
-------
Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural
Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey
Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 140-141
Sept 14-17, 1970.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, * Environment, Water
pollution, Grants, Population, Surveys, Waste
disposal. Volume, Odor, Livestock, New Jersey.
Identifiers: * Waste handling. Masking agents. En-
vironmental quality, Residential areas.
Aided by a grant from the State Department of
Health, the Department of Agricultural Economics
conducted a survey of livestock enterprises in four
agricultural counties in New Jersey to determine
the volume of waste, the methods of handling
waste, the cost of waste disposal, the attitude of far-
mers toward the problem of animal waste, and the
location of farms relative to residential areas. The
results of this survey are given and evaluated.
Between 600,000 and 1 million tons of waste are
produced and disposed of in the four counties an-
nually. The typical method of disposal it on the
land. Because the farms are small and confine only
small numbers of animals, the threat to environ-
mental quality is minimal. The closer to residential
areas the more meticulous the farmers are in han-
dling waste. Public agencies seeking to maintain
environmental quality should consider educational
programs emphasizing the most acceptable prac-
tices for the average size livestock farm.
(White-Iowa State)
0327 - E3
RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIKNTS,
Michigan Since Univ.. East Lansing. Dcpl. of
Poultry Science
Howard C. Xindcl.
Poultry Digest. Vol .111 (.LSI). M»y 1971. p 231-
233. 2 lab.
Descriptors: 'Cycling nutrients. Kami wastes.
Poultry, 'Waste treatment. Waste disposal. Diets.
Identifiers: 'Dried poultry waste. Recycled
nutrients.
The text gives results of tests in which dehydrated
poultry manure was incorporated into livestock
feed. The feed WOK given to while leghorn chickens.
beef ealllc, sheep, dairy cuttle, young ealves. and
goats. Tests on turkeys are just getting started.
Three testa on chiekenn given control ration*. 23*
DPW (dehydrated poultry waste), and 12.3%
DPW, gave the following results in production:
74.5*, 71.9%. 71.0% respectively. The conclusion
ii that the problem of smelly wnte is eliminated, a
valuable ingredient ii gained which release* com
and corn protein for other world uses, the cost per
dozen egg* or pound of gain b reduced, and an
easy-to-handle fertilizer product (5-3-1), organic in
nature and readily usable ii obtained. (Hazen-Iowa
State)
0328 - C5
EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACVCLINE FEED-
INC ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS,
Washington State Coll., Pullman. Dept. of Bac-
teriology.
R. E. Hungate, D. W. Fletcher, and I. A. Dyer.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 14, I95S, p 997-
1002.1 fig, 3 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Ruminants, 'Feeds. Laboratory
letts. Fermentation, Inhibition, Methane bacteria.
Microorganisms, Pollutant identification. Water
pollution effects.
Identifiers: Manometric experiments, Chlortetra-
cycline feeding.
Manometric experiments of short duration were
employed to measure the total ferpientation
products of rumen contents from chlortelracycline-
fed and control animals, both in the presence and
absence of additional chlotetracycline. Inhibition
by added antibiotic was greater in the control
animals, indicating that calortelracycline feeding
had altered the composition of the rumen microbial
population. Methane production was diminished by
the added chlortetracycline but this was probably a
secondary result from inhibition in the production
of the intermediates, hydrogen and formate. The
potential for microbial activity in the rumen con-
tents from chlortctracycline-fed steers was about
the same at in the controls. The rumen micro-or-
ganisms appear to be somewhat more sensitive to
chlortelracycline than to streptomycin. (Hazen-
Iowa State)
0329 - D2, F5
DISPOSAL OF HATCHKKV WASTES.
Harruld's Hatchery, Inc.. Wintcrville.Gu.
Tom Harrold.
Poultry Digest. Vol. Ml (.1511, May 1971, p 250-
Dcscriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Poultry. 'Waste
treatment. Incineration. Temperature, Disposal.
Identifiers: 'Hatchery waste disposal.
A description in given in this text of a method of
waste disposal which reduces waste to 39t of the
original and produces a product desired by
gardeners. This method is incineration. Five design
criteria arc given in considering incinerators for use
in disposal of hatchery wastes. They are (I) burn-
ing area; (2) operating temperature: (3) tempera-
ture control; (4) refractory materials; (5) stuck.
Maintenance of an incinerator is minimal und the
incinerator produces no odur and no smoke. The
powdery aah. composed mainly of calcium and
magnesium, produced is in demand by gardeners.
(Haxen-Iowa Stale)
0330 - C4, D4, E2
CONFINED SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dcpt. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
Robert A. Bella.
Master of Science Thesis, 1968. IS7 p, 37 ft* 47
ref. OWRR Project A-OI1-KAN (2).
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, *Pigs, Aerobic condi-
tions. Oxygen requirements, Wane water treat-
ment. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical ox-
ygen demand, Hydrogen ion concentration. Waste
disposal.
Identifiers: 'Swine wastes, 'Oxidation ditch Rotor
capacity.
The object was the evaluation of an oxidation ditch
for the treatment of swine manure. The oxidation
ditch was constructed as part of the foundation for
each building. Slotted floors permitted the manure
to discharge directly from the animal into the treat-
ment unit. Data were collected at weekly intervals
from September, 1966 to August, 1967. The data
indicated that the oxidation ditch could treat swine
manure without odor nuisances. These units were
able to reduce the soluble BOD to less than 10 mil-
ligrams per liter with a total effluent BOD of about
1,200 milligrams per liter. The effluent also con-
tained considerable salts in addition to the
suspended solids. It was necessary that the treated
effluent be discharged into cultivated fields rather
than being discharged into the adjacent drainage
ditch. A holding pond was used to store the
discharge of the treated effluent prior to spreading
on nearby fields. (Miner-IowaState)
0331 - Bl, D4
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dcpt. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
Curtis A. Johnson.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 8, 1965. p 110-112. 3 fig, II
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Septic tank.
Poultry, Fertilizers, Economics, Aesthetics, Effi-
ciencies. Dusts, Evaluation, Value, Lagoons, Water
pollution, Odor, Pumps, Methane, Anaerobic
digestion, Aeration, Effluent, Recirculated water,
Irrigation, Aerobic treatment. Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Scraper. 'Dairy cattle, Manure
production, Effectiveness, Push-button operation.
Potential, Fly production. Appearance, Noise,
Aerobic pond. Decomposition, Population
equivalents, Agitation.
Heated septic tanks, adapted to rccircutation of ef-
fluent, hold promise for efficient fluid handling of
manure and other dairy wastes with minimum tabor
costs and reasonable structural costs. Effluent from
a three chambered, heated septic is pumped to
manure gutters behind specially designed stalls.
The effluent provides enough pressure to force a
scraper the length of the gutter, thus pushing the
accumulated manure to the septic tank. General
design criteria are given. An evaluation scale is
developed for qualitative evaluation of various
manure handling systems. (White-Iowa State)
0332 - B2
HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID MANURE,
Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 109, November 25,1965, p
1254-1255.1280-1281.14fig, 1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Cattle, 'Storage tanks.
Slurry, Costs, Volume, Age, Construction,
Moisture content. Odor, Pumps. Electric power.
Impellers, Nutrients, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. 'Liquid manure system,
Free stall housing. Agitation, Tank spreader. Fly
breeding.
Five top dairymen are interviewed about their
liquid manure handling systems. All incorporated
storage tanks, and disposal on land with tank
spreaders. Different types of agitation and pumping
methods are explained. The systems ranged in cost
from $3250 to $7800. or from $35 to $52 per cow.
This included storage tank, agitation and pumping
equipment, and tank spreaders. Several spent up to
$6600 for concreting the barnyards. The tanks
varied in capacity from 18,000 to 75,000 gallons,
and were emptied as often as once a week to once
every two months. The need for added moisture is
discussed as well as fly and odor problems. Some
disadvantages are given, the major one being the
high capital investment. (White-Iowa State)
0333 - D4
AEROBIC DIGESTION (COMPOSTING) OF
POULTRY MANURE,
A. Livshutz.
World's Poultry Science Journal, Vot 20, 1964. p
212-215. I fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic
treatment, Aeration, Plastics, Plastic pipes, Width.
Depth, Length, Volume, Pressure, Moisture, Tem-
perature. Aerobic bacteria. Oxygen, Odor.
Hydrogen ion concentration, Moisture content.
Compaction. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Composting, 'Windrow method.
Plastic sheets. Pressure blower, Forced-air system.
Decomposition, Fly breeding, Carbon-nitrogen
ratio. Oxidizing atmosphere.
The article describes a windrow method of cdm-
posting in which a pressure blower forces air
through lateral 3/4 inch diameter pipes. The pipes
have four rows of about 15 holes, each one to two
mm. diameter. The windrow, up to 50 meters long
and 3 meters wide, is covered with a plastic sheet.
Nine advantages of the aeration system are given.
The plastic covering may eliminate turning of win-
drows, by preventing the upper layers of the com-
posting material from drying out. The carbon-
nitrogen ratio should be around 25-30:1 with a pH
of about 7. Optimum moisture should be about 50
231
-------
per cent. After about two weeks of composting, de-
pending on the material and climatic conditions,
the manure is sterilized, odorless and dry and can
be used profitably for agircultural purposes.
(White-Iowa State)
0334 - D4
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS
FROM LAGOONS USED FOR CATTLE,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison.
S. A. Witzel, Elizabeth McCoy, and Richard
Lchner.
ASAE Paper No 64-417. Transactions of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol 8,
p449-451,1965. 1 fig, 16ref.
Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Biochemical px,
ygen demand, • Anacrobics, Algae,Bacteria, Wajcf
pollution sources. Odor, Farm waste. Sludge, Solid
wastes. Decomposing organic matter, Lagoons,
Cattle.
Identifiers: Organic nitrogen, Bacteriological study,
Acrobicity. '
An experimental lagoon to receive the wastes as
liquid manure from six bulls was constructed. In an
experimental barn the manure from the bulls was
washed daily into two gutters 24 in. wide at the top.
The gutters had a capacity of 2000 gallons. The
gutters were flushed every seven days into a lagoon,
The circular lagoon had a 60 ft diameter at the lop,
a 40 ft diameter at the bottom and was 5 ft deep.
Liquid manure samples were taken from the barn
gutter and from the lagoon manure liquid and
sludge. BOD tests were conducted on all samples
and the percent BOD reduction from gutter to
lagoon was calculated. Other test* were made to
determine percent total solid* removal, organic
nitrogen content, pH values, and temperature. E>-
tvnsivc tests were made and reported on bacteria
content, both quantitative and qualitative. Five
conclusions of the study are mentioned. (Parlur-
lowa State)
0335 - B2, El
EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICUL-
TURAL EFFLUENTS, ,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, London
(England).
C.Culpin.
Chemistry and Industry, p 330-33), February 29,
1964. 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastn, 'Disposal, Effluents,
Slurries, Storage tanks, Silage, Distribution,
Methane, Mixing. Distribution systems. Sprinkler
irrigation, Pumps, Labor, Odor, Waste disposal,
Waste water treatment. '
Identifiers: Agitation, Vacuum pumping, Tanker.
Types and quantities of manure and other effluents
are described, as well as systems and equipment for
their disposal in Britain. Different storage methods
and meant of agitation or mixing are described.
Four distribution systems are discussed. These in-
clude either some type of sprinkler irrigation or a
tank wagon method. Labor requirements for both
distribution methods, as well as future prospects
are given, (White-Iowa State*
0336 - A6, A9, B2
DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT,
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheriei and Food, Nor-
wich (England). Veterinary Investigation Center.
E. A. Gibson.
Agriculture, Vol 74, 1967, p 183-188.
Descriptors: •Slurries, 'Farm wastes, •Salmonella,
Cattle, Hop, Infection, Incubation, Diseases,
Gases, Hydrogen lulfide, Ammonia, Carriers,
Waste water treatment, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Disease hazard, Anthrax, England,
johoes disease, Avian tuberculosis, Salmonella
dublin, Salmonella lyphimurium.
The possibility of spreading infection by the use of
slurry manure disposal techniques is discussed. It is
well known that many infections of farm live-stock
are spread in their excreta. Little ii known about
the effects of such spread as slurry on the land, but
under certain circumstances, the use of these
systems could increase the disease hazard. Sal-
monella infection and Johnes disease are discussed
In this respect, and anthrax and avian tuberculosis
are mentioned more briefly. It is suggested that ef-
fluents thought to contain salmonella should not be
put on (he pasture or fodder crops that will be used
for caale or sheej) within six months. The tame
prfuutjun »pphe» to .Jojmes disease, except that
fof> jujjf up b> til nu>ptj)« Plfil. fot period should be
f xt«ndcit Iff l*«|VJf months. These figures may need
10 pe redwd f» further knowledge and experience
ii gained. The nun-infectious hazards to animal
health include the liberation of toxic gases when
slurry is agitated or emptied. (White-Iowa Slate)
0337 - .81, 01. El, Fl
A REVIEW OF. POULTRY WASTE DISPOSAL
POSSIBILITIES,
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lon-
don (England).
C.T.RiJey.
Water Pollution Control, Vol 67, No 6, p 627-631,
1968. 5 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: "Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment,
•Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Costs, Waste
identification, Drying, Land use, Aeration, Load-
ing, Odor.
Identifiers: 'Poultry waste disposal, 'Bod/food in-
take relation. * Waste storage, 'Chemical and
physical properties (Waste), Heat drying,
Nitrogen. Phosphorus, Potassium, Pasvecr ditch,
Bubble-gun installation, Processing stations
(Poultry), Deep litter and broiler houses. Inedible
by-products, Shock load-
Waste disposal problems in the poultry industry.
contemporary poultry practice pnd related
developments in agriculture arc discussed, and
trends considered. Th« main types of waste are
analyzed; wattes from laying hens has higher NPK
values than any other Agricultural waste. A Na-
tional Agricultural Advisory service (NAAS) sur-
vey emphasized the'luck of knowledge, high cost of
waste disposal to egg producers and social effects
of. the current tendency tu increase livestock num-
bers-, and, (due to transportation costs) to group
..production unils near centers of consumption.
Analyst* is made of waste quantities and the cncmi-
cuJ and physical properties of the waste. A reliable
tiirreUuiqn appears to e»ist in BQD/food intake
relationship: Settling difficulties in treatment urc
noted. The relationships between disposal practices
und land.use* are examined. The major problems
arising from traditional methods of disposal are
analyzed, especially the storage und heal drying
phases. Traditional methods of sewage treatment
no longer appear suitable for poultry wastes. The
'Pusveur dilch' or 'bubble-gun type of installation
may he more suitable; however, the hijfh concen-
tration of waste remains a problem. The treatment
and disposal of wastes from deep litter and broiler
houses is troublesome mainly if local accumula-
tions become too large. This type of waste has the
highest nitrogen content of all agricultural wastes.
(D'Arczzo-Tcxas)
0338 - D4f E4
DIGESTION TESTS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Samuel A. Hart.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol 33. No 6, June 1963. p 748-757.7 fig. 2 tab. II
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waites, 'Poultry, 'Cattle,
•Sludge digestion, Stabilization, Hydrogen ion con-
centration, Alalinity, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Chemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen, Carbon, Or-
ganic matter, Sewage, Odor, Gases, Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Volatile acids, Digesters,
Gas production.
A laboratory test on the digestion of chicken and
dairy manures indicates the following: (I) Both
chicken and dairy manure would be stabilized
satisfactorily in high-rate digesters equipped with
adequate sludge-mixing equipment. (2) Dairy
manure, because of its high iignin content, will ef-
fect organic matter destruction of only 10-15 per-
cent. (3) The destruction of volatile matter ex-
pected from digesting chicken manure closely ap-
proxirrtates that of' njjupjcipjs/ sludge digestion. (4)
Operatjonaj parameters of pH, iljjulinity, volatile
acids, and the effect of temperature follow those
expected for municipal sludge digestion.
(5) Although nitrogen levels of chicken manure are
high, digestion does not cause loss of nitrogen, but
rather, through destruction of organic matter, it is
concentrated to 8 or 9 per cent in the digested
sludge. (6) BOD and CQD are best expressed in
terms of O2/mg VS for the high solids content of
manures and manure sludges. (7) COD on a mg
O2/mg VS basis increases upon digestion since
digestion is a reducing reaction. (8) In total,
digestion appears to have merit for stabilizing
chicken manure. Consideration would still have to
be given to final disposition since digestion does
not destroy the waste. (White-Iowa State)
0339 - B2
FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS,
Hog Farm Management, Minneapolis, Minn.
Cliff Johnson.
Hog Farm Management, Vol 8, No I, p 23-25 and
68, January 1971. 7Tig.
Descriptors: 'Recirculated water, • Disposal, Farm
wastes, Reclaimed water, Lagoons, Hogs, Odor,
Labor, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Flushing gutters, Oxidation ditches,
Siphon mechanism. Swine, Collection, Automatic
dosing siphon.
The flushing gutter system being experimented
with at Iowa State University is described. Two
variations of the flushing technique, one utilizing a
solenoid flushing mechanism and the other a
siphon mechanism, have been studied. In the First
case, water fills an overhead tank which trips the
solenoid causing a plug to lift and thus discharging
the tank's content!. For the siphon system, a tank is
fitted with 2 1/2 in. N-shaped trap pipe underneath.
As the tank Tills with water, enough water pressure
is built up to force the tank's contents down the
pipe into the gutter. The water is discharged rapidly
(ISO gal. in 62 sec.) through the 2 1/2 in. pipe.
Because of the water's force as it is flushed, no
dung in left in the gutter after flushing. The gutter is
flushed three times per day. Advantages of the
system include (I) reduced ventilation require-
ments, (2) less odor, (3) better feed efficiency, (4)
no ga» problem, and (5) no labor involved in
manure removal. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0340 - E3, Fl
FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO
WITH CHICKKN MANURE,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Agronomy.
Cyrus M. McKell, Victor W. Brown, Robert H.
Adolph, and Cameron Duncan.
Journal of Range Management, Vol 23, p 336-340,
1970. 2 fig. 6 tail, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Grasslands, 'Farm wastes.
Fertilizer*', Costs, Range management. Cost-benefit
analysis, Crop response. Phosphorus, California,
Proteins, Waste water treatment.
232
-------
Identifiers: 'Chicken manure, Payability, Range-
land fcrtili/er.
Where annual range lands arc close to the source of
supply, fertilization with chicken manure appears
to hold considerable promise in improving the
production of forage for grazing. Fertilized polls
were ready to be used earlier in forage of a higher
quality and palaUbility. Protein and phosphorus
were significantly higher in forage from fertilized
pints. Fertilizer value of chicken manure is equal to
equivalent rates of commercial fertilizer. There ap-
pears to be a slower release of fertilizer elements
from chicken manure than from inorganic fertil-
izer. Annual forage legumes do not appear to
benefit initially from the application of chicken
manure. In subsequent years following fertilization,
the legumes appear to thrive on the increased level
of available phosphorus. It was profitable for range-
land operators to fertilize with poultry manure pro-
vided they could get it for $3.10 to $4.35 per ton
applied. An average of 1,600 pounds of extra feed
was obtained for each ton of manure. (Christcnbu-
ry-lowa State)
0341 - A3
AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF
RIVER POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN
THE WEST OF SCOTLAND,
Clyde River Purification Board (Scotland).
F.J. Little.
Journal Proceedings of the Institute of Sewage Pu-
rification, 1966, p 452-454. I tab. 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution
sources, F.fflucnts, Cattle, Poultry, Hogs, Sheep,
Rivers, Silage. Biological treatment. Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Scotland, Dairy cattle. Silage liquor.
Sheep dips. Remedial action, Extended aeration,
R ivers (Scotland) Act 1951.
Different types of polluting effluents in Scotland
are discussed, and what action has been taken to
prevent river pollution. Agricultural effluents can
be divided into three groups - animal, vegetable,
and chemical, of which animal effluents pose the
greatest problem. Dairy waste is the most prevalent
effluent, while beef, sheep, hogs and poultry play a
minor role. Biological treatment here is in the ex-
perimental stage. Silage liquor has presented a
problem due to its high BOD. Chemical effluents
result from the use of sheep dips, herbicides, fertil-
izers, bactericides, and dairy detergents. Problems
arise from careless use of equipment rather than in-
tentional discharges. The problems tif disposal are
complex and require the patience and understand-
ing of both farmer and the general public. A discus-
sion follows the paper. (While-Iowa State)
0342 - C5
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY-
TREATED FECES,
Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. Animal
Science Research Div.
L. W. Smith, H. K. Goering, and C. H. Gordon.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 31, No 6, p 1205-
1209, December 1970.4 tab. 16 ref.
Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Chemical degradation,
Farm wastes, Ruminants, Fermentation, Cellulose,
Costs. Alkalis, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: 'Chemically-treated feccs, Cell wall,
Microbial responses, Oxidants.
Chemical treatment is a mean: for enhancing the
digestibility of the indigestible plant cell wall
residues in ruminant feces. Enhanced digestibility
was ascertained with detergent solubility methods
and in vitro rumen fermentation were obtained
through dried chemical degradation of meicellu-
losc, cellulose, and lignin and also through increas-
ing the accessibility of the remaining cell wall for
ruminal microbiul fermentation. Chemical treat-
ment of indigestible alfalfa or sudax fecal cell walls
resulted in greater than 90% digestion (chemical
degradation and microbial digestion). This experi-
ment was designed to point out some of the condi-
tions required for maximum chemical hydrolysis
and maximum cell wall utilization. Whether or rot
these conditions can be approximated in feeding
trials remains to be demonstrated. (Christenbury-
lowa State )
0343 - A2, A9
W.COglesby.
Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician, Vol
59, p 1 72- 1 74, February 1 964. 4 ref.
Descriptor*: 'Salmonella, •Cattle, Antibiotics,
Temperature, Animal diseases, Stagnant water,
Mud, Waste treatment. Diseases, Public health,
Water pollution effects.
Identifiers: *Feedlot, Diarrhea, Salmonella ty-
phimunum, Necropsy, Medication, Nitrofurazone.
An epizootic of a severe respiratory-enteric syn-
drome appeared in a feedlot operation of 1,000
head of cattle. Salmonella typrumurium was iso-
lated from the organs of 5 carcasses, 3 fecal
specimens, and from mud in a waterhole from
which the animals drank. Correction of hygienic
conditions, electrolyte supplementation.
sulfathuzole medication in the drinking water, and
intravenous antibiotics gave only mediocre
response. Individual dosing with a nitrofurazone
preparation and addition of nitrofurazone to drink-
ing water was successful in eradicating the disease.
0344 - B2, B3. Fl
THE COLLECTION OF MANURE FROM
HOUSED LIVESTOCK,
West of Scotland Agricultural Coll., Glasgow
(Scotland). Dcpl. of Farm Buildings.
R.J.Forsyth.
Journal and Proceedings of the Institution of
Agricultural Engineers, Vol 2 1 , p 1 29- 1 3 3, 1 965.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Water pollu-
tion control. Sludge, Storage capacity, Storage
tanks, Waste dilution. Construction materials
Costs, Slurries, Sluice gates, Electric power costs,
Rotors. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Oxidation ditch. Slatted
floors.
The paper describes collection and handling
methods for dairy manure in Scotland. Parlor
systems are scarce because of their large bedding
requirement. Slatted floors in conjunction with free
housing systems has proven highly satisfactory. Dif-
ferent slat types arc discussed and evaluated.
Under slat tanks or channels arc described as well
as criteria for dilution, storage capacity, and sluice
gates. The possibility of using the Pasvcer oxidation
ditch is introduced us a result of stringent pollution
regulation. Design and costs for the oxidation ditch
arc presented. A discussion follows the paper
(White-Iowa Stale)
0345 - A3, A9
BOVINE SALMONELLOSIS ASSOCIATED
WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK WATER AND
HUMAN INFECTION,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Coll. of Veterinary
Medicine.
C. M. Hibbs, and V. O. Foltz.
Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician. Vol
59, p 1 153-1 IJS.November 1964. 6 ref.
Descriptors: •Sewage, 'Salmonella, Cattle, Sewage
bacteria. Water pollution effects, Streams, Infec-
tion, Public health. Diseases, Waste treatment
Identifier!: Human infection, Nicropsy, Diarrhea,
Salmonella typhiinurium, Bacteriolonc examina-
tion. Water samples.
A case of Salmonellosis in calves, which may have
been associated with human infection, is discussed.
Salmonella typrumurium was isolated from two
calves, creek water and one human. Though the
ongin of the infection was not specifically deter-
mined, the findings indicated that untreated house
sewage may have been the source. The seriousness
of water pollution and some of its ramifications are
evident. An education program on water pollution
is recommended. (White-Iowa State)
0346 - D4
LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE,
California Univ., Davis.
Samuel A. Hart, and Marvin E. Turner.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
37, No 11, November 1965, p 1578-1596. 5 tab, 6
fig, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Cattle,
•Hogs, 'Lagoons, Stabilization, Biochemical ox-
ygen demand. Anaerobic conditions. Sewage,
Aerobic conditions. Odors, Volume, Sludge,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium. Chemical ox-
ygen demand. Ammonia, Physical characteristics.
Chemical characteristics. Hydrogen ion concentra-
tion, Alkalinity, Scum, Color, Opacity. Earth-water
interfaces, Infiltration, Anaerobic digestion, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Loading rates, 'Physical appearance,
Surface area. Total solids, Volatile solids. Volatile
acids. Fly activity, Crusting, Pilot lagoons. Materi-
als balance, BOD reduction, Sludge seed.
The need for more closely controlled tests of a
laboratory type concerning livestock manure
la.-xms prompted this study. Eight concrete ringed
pili-. lagoons four feet in diameter and seven feet
were used in the experiment. The units were fed
poultry, dairy and cattle manure during the two
year test. Chemical and physical properties were
monitored weekly and are presented in tabular
form. Infiltration from the packed earth bottom
was considerable. This hampered the accurate
determinations needed for a materials balance. Ap-
pearance, odors, and fly activity were noted. A sec-
tion tells how to use the knowledge gained from the
experiment. It is felt that with proper construction,
property loading rates, and proper operation.
lagoons can be expected to be satisfactory. (White-
Iowa State)
0347 - D4
AEROBIC PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE,
Riikszuivel Agrarischc Afvalwatcr Dicnst, Arnhem
(Netherlands).
H.M.J.Scheltinga.
Journal Proceedings of the Institution of Sewage
Purification, p 585-588,1966 I fig, 4 tab. 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Biological
treatment, Anaerobic digestion. Activated sludge,
Rotors, Nitrogen. Biochemical oxygen demand.
Chemical oxygen demand. Foaming. Nitrification,
Costs. Effluent, Laboratory tests. Ammonia, Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Loading rates. Reten-
tion time.
Model tests, laboratory investigations, and finally a
lull scale field experiment with oxidation ditches
were carried out in Holland, where an effective and
economical waste treatment system is being sought
A 50 per cent BOD reduction was obtained using
anaerobic decomposition in the laboratory. Initial
and final characteristics of the pig waste are given
before and after treatment in the oxidation ditch
Foaming was excessive from the start Nitrification
played an important part in eliminating the am-
233
-------
0348 — A8, B3
BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP
PITS,
Poultry Digest, P. 25, January 1971.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'biological treatment,
iarm wastes, disposal,
Identifiers: 'Fly control, fly breeding, deep pit.
Though fly control Is one o£ the reasons {or
building deep pit poultry bouses, some operators
nave bad serious fly problems when bouses were
put into operation. Later, U the manure is not
too wet, parasites and predators tttat are natural
enemies of flies become established. "Flies
were noticeably less of a problem la many deep
pit -cage houses this past year," observed
•Maine's Timely Topics' tor November, 1970.
"Flies have been controlled with aprays and/or
baits. However, many deep pit cage house own-
ers got by last summer with little or no spray-
ing. In all cases, the houses were two, three
or more years old." When tt becomes necessary
to remove manure, a partial cleanout Is pre-
ferable. Leave behind some of the fly's natural
enemies. (Christenbnry-Iowa State).
0349 — Bl, E2
MAX1-MDCING FOR MANURE DIS-
POSAL,
Poultry Digest, p. 12. January 1971.
Descriptors; TJlspasal, farm wastes, poultry,
pollution*
Identifiers: 'Composting, Maxi-mJxlng.
When a Connecticut poultryman was confronted
with a large quantity of manure and small
acreage, he mixed soil into the manure with a
bulldozer. The result was a composted mixture
In a few months, according the Connecticut
In a few months, according to the Connecticut
Poultry Notes. Haxl-mbdng Is the term used
to describe this disposal system using a maxi-
mum amount of soil. Monitoring and further
research are being- conducted to establish limits
before pollution and plant toxldty occur. Heavy
application of animal manure to land can cause
nitrate and nitrite levels In water high enough
to be hazardous to humans and ruminants.
(Cbristenbury-Iowa State)
0350 — A3, A8, Bl, C5
SCHEDULE MANURE REMOVAL TO
AVOID FLY BREEDING,
'California University, Riverside.
Eobert H. Adolph.
Poultry Digest, p. 29, January 1971.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'poultry, California,
anaerobic conditions, odors. . *•
Identifiers: 'Ply breeding.
Because January to June in California is the
peak period for fly breeding, Dr. Andrew Deal.
University at California,. Riverside, advises
against removal of manure from poultry houses
during that time, You are much better protected
from fly breeding buildup if the manure can
be kept dry. Wet manure is conducive to fly
breeding and the generation of putrid odors.
-------
Identifiers; Tank trailer, capacity, plow, solids
content, plow furrow cover, auger agitator.
The author reports on a research project to ex-
plore the feasibility of disposing of poultry ma-
nure in plowed furrows. A 750 gallon tank trailer
was equipped with an auger agitator operated
by an engine, and a center rear spreader and
chute. The chute was changed to the front so
the operator could see and control the amount
of poultry manure, at 22% solids, deposited in
the bottom of a furrow. Further refinement re-
sulted In pulling the trailer behind a single bot-
tom mounted plow, This achieved the objective
of depositing the manure in a previously plowed
furrow • covering the manure and opening the
next furrow In one operation. At present a
scheme Is being devised to mount tiie plow on
the tank trailer. (White-Iowa State).
0357 - Bl
MECHANICAL CLEANING OF COWSHEDS,
Agricultural Land Service, Leeds (England)
J. N. Addison.
Agriculture, Vol 77, No 11, November 1970 D
534-536. ' v
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Cattle, On-site data
collection, Age, Costs, Specifications, Depth
Width, Length, Slopes, Ponding, Maintenance"
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: "Dairy cattle, 'Mechanical cleaners,
•England, Continuous type, Shuttle type. Cow
sheds, Blades.
Twenty-one cowsheds on eighteen farms were sur-
veyed to establish the extent to which mechanical
channel cleaners had been installed, their age, con-
dition, costs, and reasons for their installation in
the first place. Problems with the mechanical
cleaners are discussed as well as design specifica-
tions. The cost per cow of the shuttle type cleaner
was found to be about 21 pounds and that of the
continuous type 18 pounds. (White-Iowa State)
0358 - C2, C3, Dl
TREATMENT OF FARM EFFLUENTS,
Water Pollution Research Lab., Stevenage (En-
gland).
A. B. Wheatland, and B, J. Borne.
Chemistry and Industry, February 29, 1964, p 357.
362. 5 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Hogs, 'Waste
water treatment, Surface runoff. Volume, Water
pollution, Biochemical oxygen demand. Cooling
water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Effluents,
Sewage, Filtration, Irrigation, Farm ponds, Silage,
Organic matter, Biological treatment, Septic tanks.
Identifiers: 'England, 'Dairy cattle, Pollutional
strength, Milking parlors, Permanganate, Recircu-
lation, Land disposal, Soakaways, Chemical treat-
ment.
Sources, volumes, and strength characteristics of
farm effluents are discussed. A major portion deals
with dairy and waste water effluents, coming from
milking parlors and holding pens. Chemical and
physical properties are listed in tabular form. Hog
wastes and silage liquor are mentioned briefly as ef-
fluent sources. Treatment methods discussed in-
clude disposal on land, discharge to a sewer,
biological treatment, septic tanks and chemical
treatment. Disposal on land may be accomplished
by use of tankers, soakaways, or irrigation. The use
of storage ponds facilitates the latter. (White-Iowa
State)
0359 - B2, D4, Fl
WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM,
Alan Linn.
Farm Quarterly, Winter 1966-1967, p 56-59 113-
116. 4 fig, 2 tab. '
Descriptors. 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Oxidation
'Aerobic bacteria, Labor, Odor, Fertilizer, Value,
Organic matter. Carbon dioxide. Water, Nitrogen
Ammonia, Nitrites, Nitrate., Phosphorus Potassi-
um, Hydrogen sulfide, Methane, Anaerobic bac-
teria, Aeration, Design standards, Volume depth
Foaming, Dispersion, Costs, Submergence!
Biochemical oxygen demand. Oxygen, Tempera-
ture, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Paddle wheels
Agitation, Circulation, Batch system, Continuous
system, Paddle wheel diameter. Slatted floors.
The oxidation ditch is described as an important
new breakthrough in manure handling. Advantages
of the oxidation ditch include savings in labor, han-
dling manure as a liquid, elemination of almost all
odor, and the preservation and concentration of
fertilizer nutrients. Basic design standards are given
for the ditch and paddle wheel. If the ditch is
managed on a continuous basis, 1 1/2 percent of
the ditch volume can be added as manure daily.
General management requirements and costs are
included. The paddle wheel with a I 1/2 to 3-hp
motor costs about $600. The ditch walls can be in-
corporated into the building's foundation Esti-
mated power costs are about $1.00 per hog and
$8.20 per 1000 pound dairy cow per year. Many
changes in confined livestock production through
""of,tne oxidation ditch are contemplated.
(White-Iowa State)
0360 - C4, D4
TOE BACTERIAL POPULATION OF AN IN-
DOOR POULTRY LAGOON,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Agricultural
Experiment Station; and Louisiana State Univ.,
Baton Rouge. Dept. of Microbiology; and Loui-
siana State Univ.. Baton Rouge. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering; and Louisiana State Univ..
Baton Rouge. Dept. of Poultry Science.
Leon J. Cabes Jr., Arthur R. Colmer, Harold T.
Barr, and Benjamin A. Tower.
"""" ""' " ' 1,No l,p54-63,1969.:
Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Oxidation
Noon, Microorganism,. E. cofi. Aeration,
Sampling. Conforms Bacteria, Pathogenic bac-
™Perature> "y^0*8" '<»> concentration,
Identifiers: •Laying house. •Bacterial counts, En-
terococci. Suspended solids, Manometric studieT
The study was concerned, first, with the enumera-
rZ'l± Ml??VIaild edification of the predomi-
nant bacterial flora of an indoor poultry waste sta-
ofSl 'a?T and.«ec«»<»y. »ith revaluation
?n .hi H.? i°.determine the «*•«*"«• most active
m the degradation process. Thelagoon consisted of
a pit 3 feet 6 inches deep x 13 feet wide x 88 feet
te'l ™ '•Wr which meiBured 14 feet *
100 feet. The standard plate counts of aerobic or-
ganisms present in the waste water of the lagoon
SWT* 'm tabular form- Total «**. pH«"3
BOD reduction data are also presented. The lagoon
was aerated with 200 feet of perforated pipe Jnkh
feed 4 cfm of air at 15 psi. It is felt that additional
State) U°ni mlght "* instituted- (White-Iowa
0361 - E3
VALUE OF
i
Illinois Univ., Urbana.
B. 0. Harmon, A. H. Jensen, and D. H. Baker
f Anilnal Science' Vo1 29' No '• P 136-
Descriptors: •Nutrients, Farm waste, Feeds, Value
' Amino
Identifiers: 'Excreta, 'Swine, Feed value, Oxida-
tion-ditch, Rats.
promote aerobic digestion was studied as a source
of nutrients. In four growth trials 132 weanling rats
were used to study the nutritive value of ammo
acids and energy contained in the oxidation-ditch
residue (ODR). The digestible energy decreased
linearly as ODR was added to the diet (Christen-
bury-Iowa State)
0362 - C4
DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA IN FECES OF
SWINE,
Missouri Univ., Columbia.
Gloria D. Rail, Arietta J. Wood.R. B. Wescott, and
A. R. Dommert.
Applied Microbiology, Vol 20, No 5. p 789-792
Nov "JS'l^fc,2 fy 12 ref- Public Health Service
grants RR-00390 and RR-00285.
Descriptors: 'Bacteria, 'Distribution, Farm wastes,
Patterns, Microorganisms, Pollutant identification.
Identifiers: 'Fecal samples. 'Swine. Freauencv.
Distribution.
samples, 'Swine, Frequency,
A new technique is described for evaluating bac-
terial cell distribution in fecal samples. Spatial rela-
tionships of cells within an area rather than number
of cells per unit volume or weight are measured by
this technique. Measurements of cell distribution
by this method indicated that bacteria occurred in
freshly voided swine feces as pure, discrete colo-
nies rather than as single cells distributed randomly
or uniformly throught the sample. (Christenbury-
lowa State)
0363 - C2, C3, AS
ODOR TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE
MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY
HOUSES.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science.
William E. Burnett.
Poultry Science, Vol 48, No 1, p 182-185, 1969. 1
fig, I tab, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor, Gas
chromatography, Volumetric analysis, Volume,
Filters, Nitrogen, Organoleptic properties, Ventila-
tion, Pollutant identification. Air pollution, Pollu-
tion abatement.
Identifiers: 'Paniculate matter, Odor transport,
Odor panel, Volatiles, Concentrations, Odoriferous
components.
The report investigates the concentrations of air-
borne paniculate matter in a high density poultry
house and the role of paniculate matter as an odor
transport mechanism. Paniculate matter collected
by high volume samplings, of a commercial poultry
house atmosphere revealed that the particulates
had a 'chicken house' odor. Gas chromatographic
analyses of the volatiles carried by the particulates
revealed the presence of a number of individually
odoriferous compounds. Large quantities of par-
ticulate matter are probably expelled from poultry
houses by ventilation fans. Whether paniculate
matter plays a significant role in ambient odors
from poultry houses should be investigated since
the paniculate! represent a retentive source of
odors. (White-IowaState)
0364 - D2
°N
- °f
y
D. W. F. Shannon, and W. O. Brown
Poultry Science, Vol 48,p 41-43. 1969. 1 tab,3ref.
Was!f8>. *Poultry- .
' Freeze
-------
from samples of fresh excreta differing in dry
matter and nitrogen content. The samples were
dried under the following conditions - feeze drying,
vacuum drying at 40C and drying in forced-air
ovens at 60C, 1OOC, and 120C. Nitrogen of the un-
dried and dried excreta was determined by the con-
ventional Kjeldahl method. The mean results often
energy determinations (%) on fresh excreta sam-
ples A and B were 804,753,2.51 respectively. The
energy losses are in agreement with other authors.
From the results of the experiment, the drying tem-
perature should be chosen depending on whether
the energy or nitrogen content is more important.
In the determination of metabolizable energy, then
the method giving lower energy errors would be
used. (White-Iowa State)
0365 - Al. F4
AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES
IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISES,
Department of Agriculture, Washington, O.C.
Science and Education.
Ned D. Bayley.
Water and Wastes Engineering. Vol 7, No 11, p F-
14 - F-16, November 1970.4 fig.
Descriptors: Farm wastes. Water, Water resources,
Pesticides, Salinity, Sediments, Water pollution
control. Fertilizers, Planning.
Identifiers: Soil spoiler.
The responsibility of agriculture in enhancing the
quality of the environment is colossal. This is
because agriculture, including forestry, involves
more natural resources than any other segment of
society. Wise planning in the use of land, water,
chemicals, and waste disposal techniques must be
demanded, and it must be done now. This paper
outlines some of the problems and difficulties en-
countered in dealing with agricultural pollutants.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0366 - B2, D4, E2
LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
Curtis A. Johnson.
ASAE Paper No NA 64-501. Transactions of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol 8,
p 124-126, 1965. 2 fig. 1 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Liquid waste, 'Order, 'Septic tanks,
•Water reuse. Farm waste, Sludge disposal,
Poultry, Ammonia, Disposal, Design criteria. Cost
comparisons. Effluents, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Recycling, Liquid-manure handling.
Ammonia odor, Congdon system.
"This article describes an integrated system concept
for liquid manure handling of waste produced by
laying hens in conventional commercial cage units.
The bird droppings in this unit collect in 8 inch
deep, 44 inch wide troughs formed on original floor
with 4 inch thick concrete blocks. The lower end of
each sloped trough is closed with a 2 inch x 6 inch
board. These boards are removed to empty the
troughs into a 24 inch by 24 inch trench running
across the end of the building below floor level.
This sloping trench empites into a 12 inch diameter
plastic pipe which conveys the waste to an un-
derground septic tank. From the third compart-
ment of this three-compartment tank the effluent is
pumped hack into the laying house to hydraulically
clean the troughs beneath the cages. The effluent
becomes increasingly concentrated. The effluent is
periodically pumped onto forest land and the
sludge is 'batch1 handled. This manure system pro-
vides: (I) Easy manure handling, (2) Few moving
parts (3) Little ammonia odor, (4) Low water
usage, (5) Simple manure disposal. f6) Low-cost
pit cleaning. (Parker-Iowa State)
0367 - C3, C5
NITROGEN AND AM1NO ACIDS IN THE
FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A
PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND DIETS CONTAIN-
ING GRADED LEVELS OF SOYBEAN OIL
MEAL OR CASEIN,
GuelphUniv. (Ontario). Dept. of Nutrition.
Kathleen H. Carlson, and H. S. Bayley.
Journal of Nutrition, Vol 100, No 11, p 1353-1361,
1970. Stab, 3 fig, 17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Amino acids, 'Proteins,
•Diets, Farm wastes. Hogs, Water pollution
sources.
Identifiers: Young pigs, Protein-free diets. Casern,
Soybean oil meal.
Thirty-two piglets were weaned at 14 days of age
and received a nutritionally complete diet; at 20
days of age they were allocated to either a protein-
free diet, or diets containing 7, 14, or 21* protein
from either soybean oil meal or casein. Feed con-
sumed between 21 and 31 days of age w»s mea-
sured and the feces voided were collected. The n-
butyl-N-trifluoroacetyl esters of the amino acids in
hydrolysates of feed and fecei were separated by
gas-liquid chromatography. The amounts of fecal
nitrogen and of each of the 13 amino acids of
metabolic origin were calculated directly from the
observations made on the protein-free diet and in-
directly by regression analyses of the outputs of the
piglets receiving the diets containing graded levels
of protein. The metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion
determined directly (111 mg. N.IOO g. feed con-
sumed) agreed more closely with other published
values than the indirect estimates obtained by
regressions. The direct values were used in calcu-
lating the corrected digestibilities of the nitrogen
and of the amino acids in the two protein sources.
The corrected digestibilities of the nitrogen and
amino acids in the casein were very high (97 •
100%), but were lower for the soybean meal. There
were significant differences in the corrected
digestibilities of the individual amino acids in the
soybean oil meal, which ranged from 82% for
alanine to 93% for glutamic acid. The level of in-
clusion of casein did not influence the corrected
digestibilities of the amino acids, but increasing the
level of soybean oil meal in the diet caused a signifi-
cant reduction in the corrected digestibilities of
isoleucine, leucine and praline. (Christenbury-
Iowa State)
0368 - Bl, El
AGRICULTURE WASTE RESEARCH NEEDS,
Cloisterdale Farms, Ephrala, Pa.
Glenn H. Herr.
Compost Science, Journal of Waste Recycling, Vol
11, No 5, Sept-Oct 1970, p 8-11. 4 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, 'Disposal,
'Prying, Odor, Costs, Equipment, Aeration,
Lagoons, Irrigation, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: SHUD. Neighbors.
The author is responsible for disposal of 17,000
plus or m inus tons of raw waste annually from a lay-
ing hen complex of 360,000 hens. Their problems
incidental to poultry 'SUDD' were: first - volume
accumulation of shud within houses, second -com-
munity relations - odor primarily; danger of soil and
water pollution secondarily. Third - ultimate
disposal, and, finally fourth - the unknown factor of
the possibility of, or the effect of, gas tpxicity to the
chickens and humans. Some of their attempted
and/or considered methods for disposal were the
use of: (I) lagoons; (2) irrigation; (3) sewage treat-
ment plant; (4) incineration; (5) burying; (6) haul-
ing and spreading; future consideration: (7) semid-
rying; (8) possible dehydration - which might lead
to: fertilizer products; re-feeding; or some other
uses. Their conclusion was that liquid handling
would not be the long range answer to their
problems. They concluded that some method of
dry or semi-dry procedure must develop as their
solution and as an industry solution. Mr. Herr
describes the system of drying the manure in place
and the cost of disposal of the simi-dried (30%)
SHUD. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0369 - D4
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWINE
EXCREMENT,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
O. E. Cross, and Alvaro Duran.
Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Journal
Paper No 2531.Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 13,
No 3, May 1970, p 320-322.11 fig. 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Laboratory tests,
•Anaerobic digestion, 'Hogs, Anaerobic condi-
tions, Temperature, Sludge, Biochemical oxygen
demand. Hydrogen ion concentration, Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: Swine, Loading rates. Volatile solids.
Detention times, Digesters.
This paper presents a laboratory analysis on the
anaerobic digestion of swine excrement as affected
by temperature and loading rate. The tests were
run for 15 days. The experiments were conducted
using ambient temperatures of 50,70, and 90 F. at
three loading rates. The loading rates were 3.2,1.6,
and 0.8 g. of volatile solids per liter of digester
volume per day. Volatile-solids content was deter-
mined daily during a 15-day test period. Moisture
content, total solids, fixed solids and pH were also
determined daily. A 5-day BOD test was per-
formed. None of the experiments reached equilibri-
um; however, it was possible to detect a tendency
of the system to approach equilibrium or to ap-
proach failure. The results showed that for a load of
0.8 g. at all temperatures the system indicated suc-
cess in the digestibility of the organic matter. At a
load of 3.2 g. at 70 F and 50 F the system tended
toward failure. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0370 - C3, E3
EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE
AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS IN ANIMAL
MANURES,
California Univ., Davis.
J. L.Abbott, and J.C. Lingle.
Soil Science, Vol 105, No 3, p 145-152, 1968. 3
tab, 5 fig. 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Phosphorus, Water
pollution effects, Nutrients, Organic matter,
iNitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Soil temperature. Plant
growth.
Identifiers: 'Animal manure. Available
phosphorus, Plant response.
Steer, dairy, sheep, and poultry manures, and slfal-
fi supplemented with monocaloftim phosphate
added to two slightly acid soils at the rate of 50
ppm. total P and supplied plant-available P to two
successive crops - turnips and tomatoes. Dry-
weight yield and total P in the tissues provided data
for evaluating plant-available P in the manures. In
the Sierra sandy loam at the medium soil tempera-
ture, uptake of P by turnips was greater from the
sheep, poultry, and alfalfa plus PO4 treatments
than from the dairy minure treatment. In the
Gridley clay loam at 15 deg C. soil temperature,
uptake of P by turnips was greater from the poultry
manure treatment than from the other treatments.
Soil temperature had no measurable effect on the
availability of manurlal P to tomatoes. At all soil
temperatures, P-solubilizing processes, including
mineralization of the organic P in both soils and
amendments, appeared to contribute to the P ab-
sorbed by plants. These processes appeared to con-
tinue during the second cropping period, notably at
the low (20 deg C.) soil temperature, after having
been previously cropped for 5 weeks and incubated
236
-------
for 3 weeks at 13 deg C. Manures yielded more
available P in the Sierra than in the Gridlcy toil.
From theie data, the HOAc-ioluble:nontoluble P
ratioi of manure! could not be said to have in-
fluenced the availability of manurial P to plants. On
an equal dry-weight basis, the overall effectiveness
of manures in supplying available P depended on
their respective total P contents: poultrySsheepSs-
teer — dairy. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0371 - B2, E2
THIN SPREADING OF SLURRIED MANURES,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Samuel A. Hart.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 7, 1964, p 22-28. 9 fig, 3 tab
21 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurry, "Drying, Cat-
tle, Hogs, Poultry, Moisture content, Viscosity,
Pumps, Bulk density, Volume, Nitrogen, Odor, Or-
ganic matter. Carbon dioxide, Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: "Spreading, "Thin . spreading,
•Fluidization, Liquefaction, Solids per cent, Fly
breeding, Slump, Layers, Layer thickness. Surface
area.
The purpose was to determine how thick a layer of
manure could be spread, day after day, layer upon
layer, and still prevent fly breeding or other sanita-
tion problems. Chicken and dairy manure was
fluidizcd to 10 to 20 percent solids, and then spread
in layers on two sets of six plots. The six plots in
each series were dosed with increasing thicknesses
of manure: from 1/25 to 1/4 inch for the chicken
plots; 1/20 to 3/10 inch for the dairy plots. A
specific plot received the same dose at each of the
47 applications. At a solids content of 85 percent,
fly breeding was prevented. A significant amount of
organic matter is lost during drying and storage, the
loss being related to the moisture content of the
plot. One-half of the nitrogen originally present in
the manure is also lost. The land area needed for
cumulative layering is not large - less than 200 sq.
ft. per cow and I sq. ft. per chicken. Odors can and
do occur in manure thin spreading, but can be
minimized by layering of fresh manure only
(White-Iowa State)
0372 - A2, A4, Cl, Dl, El
DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF
CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and
Agricultural Engineering.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division
ASCE, Vol 96, No SA6, p 1295-1309, 1970. 4 fig'
I tab, 26 ref.
Descriptor!: 'Drainage, 'Water pollution, 'Cattle,
Runoff, Groundwater, Nutrients, Biochemical ox-
ygen demand. Rainfall, Chlorides, Nitrogen, Am-
monia, Phosphates, Chemical oxygen demand.
Acid*, Water pollution sources. Water pollution ef-
fects. Bacteria, Retention, Waste disposal.
Management, Water pollution control.
Identifier!: 'Feedlots, Animal production, Cattle
wastes, Volatile acids, Land application.
The specialization of the livestock production in-
dustry established the trend of confinement feeding
and increasing animals per feeding operation. Un-
controlled waste discharges from these operation!
are a source of water pollution by excessive
nutrient!, microorganisms impairing recreation
waters, impurities in groundwater, contaminants
that complicate water treatment, and dissolved ox-
ygen depletion causing fish kills. Runoff from
concrete surfaced feedloti contain! higher organic
matter and nitrogen concentration! than runoff
from uniurfaced. Groundwater contamination
from nitrates ia significant during and after the lot
life. Absorption of ammonia volatilized from cattle
feedloti can contribute to nitrogen enrichment of
surface waters in their vicinity. In the midwest and
southwest, retention ponds with controlled
discharge and retention-evaporation pondi can
provide satisfactory control and treatment. Ap-
proved facilities in Kansas include runoff diversion
retention ponds for all waste water and runoff con-
tacting animal wastes and application of both liquid
and solid wastes to agricultural land. Enclosed
housing beef cattle production will minimize con-
0373 - A8
ARTHROPOD PREDATORS OF IMMATURE
DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY
DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA:
PART I,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Entomology
and Parasitology.
John H. Peck, and John R. Anderson.
Journal Medical Entomology, Vol 6, No 2, p 163-
167, May 31,1969. 4 tab, 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Diptcra, Farm wastes,
Biocontrol, Sampling, California, Seasonal,
Mosturc content, Animals, Mites.
Identifier!: 'Arthropod predators, Fly control,
Filth flics. Cohabitation, Poultry droppings. Preda-
tory fauna, Coleoptcra, Enumeration.
Arthropod predators occurring in manure at 2
Sonoma County, California, poultry ranches were
identified and studied. Seasonal abundance and as-
sociation with prey were determined for the follow-
ing major predators: Macrocheles
muscaedomesticae. Glyptholaspis confusa,
Fuscuropoda sp., Carcinops pumilio, Margarinotus
merdarius, Philonthus politus, P. sordidus,
Staphylinus maxillosus villosus, Mussina stabulans,
and Ophyra Icucostoma. (White-IowaState)
0374 - A8
ARTHROPOD PREDATORS OF IMMATURE
DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY
PARTIINGS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA:
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Entomology
and Parasitology. '
John H. Peck.
Journal Medical Entomology, Vol 6 No 2 o 168-
171, May 31,1969. 4 tab, 15 ref.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Diptera, California,
Seasonal, Predation, Mites, Mortality, Insect egos
Larvae, Light, Farm wastes.
Identifiers: 'Arthropod predators, Predation
potential. Media cohabitation, Pupae, House fly
eggs, Variance, Poultry droppings.
The feeding responses of 3 species of predaceous
Staphylinidae and 2 species of predaceous
Histeridae were studied by exposing them to eggs
larvae and pupae of Musca domestica and Fannia
femoralis. Studies of age-of-prey specific predation
by M. muscaedomesticae on immature M.
domestica showed that most mortality was inflicted
on eggs and first instar larvae. Predation rates were
determined for the above and 6 other predaceous
species; the following indices of predation potential
were computed for the 5 most abundant predators
Fuscuropoda sp. (adults) - 3.5, Glyptholaspis con-
fusa females - 4.4, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae
female; - 95.8, Carcinops pumilio (adults) - 97.0,
and Ophyra Icucostoma L3 - S 226.4. The potential
importance of the above predators is discussed with
reference to their seasonal and media cohabitation
with various prey species. (White-IowaState)
0375 - A2
RURAL RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM
POLLUTION,
Riibcrl A. Tuft Sanitary tinginccring Center, Cln-
cinniiii.Ohio. Cincinnati Water Research l.ab.
R. H. Wcidner, A. Ci.Christiansnn.S, R. Weihel
and (i.G. Robcck.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
41, No 3, p 377-3H4, March HIM. 10 tab ft fio 1
ref.
Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, *Watcr pollution,
Farm wastes, Storm runoff, Water quality, Acre-
age, Cultivated lands. Grasslands, Pastures.
Forests, Urbanization, Land use. Nitrogen.
Phosphorus, Soil erosion. Watersheds. Physical
characteristics. Slopes, Fertilizers, Pesticides,
Mulching, Flow measurement, Sampling, Flumes,
Conforms, Precipitation, Rainfall intensity, Time,
Corn, Regression analysis, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Chemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: Soil characteristics, Measuring flume.
The results of this work indicate that rural runoff is
a factor in stream pollution and that it must be con-
sidered when one evaluates the quality of any
stream or receiving body of water. However, there
also must be an awareness that there are some
means available for reducing this pollutional load.
This study showed that, despite an increase in the
amount of fertilizers and manure applied under im-
proved practices, there was a marked decrease in
the amount of pollutional load that came from
these watersheds as contrasted to the load from
watersheds using prevailing practices. Runoff, soil
loss, and microbial densities were considered.
(White-Iowa State)
0376 - C4
EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF
ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY
LITTER AND ANIMAL FEEDSTUFFS.
Massachusetts Univ. Amhcrst. Dept. of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences.
C. K. Smyser,andG. H. Snoeyenbos.
Avian Diseases, Vol 13, No I, p 134-141, 1969. S
tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Salmonella, 'Poultry, Bacteria, Farm
wastes. Microorganisms, By-products, Incubation,
Sampling, Frequency.
Identifiers: 'Poultry litter, 'Feedstuffs, Enrichment
broths, Selenite broth. Animal by-products. Feed
mills, Rendering plants, Tetrathionate broth. Sig-
nificant difference, Proteus.
A comparison of several different culture
procedures for Salmonella isolations, using
selenitu-brilliant grccn-sulfapyridine (SBG sulfa)
and tetrathionate brilliant green (TBG) as en-
richments was made with 198 litter samples of
which 161 were positive by one or more methods,
and with 371 animal feedstuff samples of which
111 were positive by one or more methods. All en-
richments were streak-plated after 48 hour incuba-
tion. SBG sulfa incubated at 43C was superior to
SBG sulfa at 37C, and to TBG at 37C with or
without pre-cnrichmcnt for the isolation of sal-
monellac from poultry litter and animal feedstuff!.
Significantly more samples of animal feedstuffs
yielded salmonellae from SBT sulfa at 43C than
from the other two media. More salmonella colo-
nies and fewer competing organisms were usually
obtained on BG agar plated from SBG sulfa at 43C
than from either SBG sulfa at 37C or TBG. SBG
sulfa appeared to be a more favorable enrichment
medium than TBG for isolating S. senflenberg; dift
ferences in the number of isolations among several
other serotypes were too small for comparison
(White-Iowa State)
0377 - E2
ANDECRore? °RGANIC MANURES ON SOILS
Reading Unh. (England). Dept. of Agricultural
A. H. Bunting.
237
-------
Proceedings Nutrition Society, Vol 24, No 1, p 29-
ii, 1965. 4 tab, 14ref.
Descriptors: 'Soils, "Crops, 'Organic matter. Fer-
tilizers, Farm wastes. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potas-
sium, Crop production. Nutrients, Wheat,
Potatoes, Sewage sludge, Calcium, Fertility, Tem-
perature, Moisture content, Soil structure.
Identifiers: "Farmyard manure, "Organic manures.
Mineral fertilizers, Sludge compost, Minor ele-
ments.
The paper reports on the effects organic manure,
and especially farmyard manure, has on different
soils and crops. The effects of organic manures on
cropn are often important, but they arc largely as-
sociated with changes in the supply of nutrients.
However, there is good evidence that on some spe-
cial soils, they have special effects on crop growth.
The paper then focuses on changes which take
place in the soil as a result of organic matter addi-
tion. Moisture content and soil structure are must
particularly affected. (White-Iowa State)
0378 - D4
TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK WASTE - A
LABORATORY STUDY,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Sanitary En-
gineering; and Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
E. A. Jeffrey, W. C. Blackmail, and Ralph Ricketts.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 8, No I, 1965, p 113-117,126.
6 fig, 5 tab, 17 ref. ,
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Lagoons, "Anaerobic
digestion, "Hogs, Aerobic treatment, Lagoons,
Cattle, Sheep, Aeration, Sludge, Domestic wastes,
Hydrogen ion concentration, Digestion tanks.
Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen de-
mand, Waste dilution. Nitrification, Manometers,
Design standards, Design criteria. Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: "Aerobic lagoon. Agitation, Volatile
solids. Total solids, Beuch scale aerators,
BOD/COD ratio. Detention time.
A study was made of the aerobic and anaerobic
digestion characteristics of livestock wastes. The
results obtained in the hog waste digestion studies
are compared to design criteria for domestic sludge
digestion units. Design loading conditions and
water requirements are calculated for using an
anaerobic lagoon for treating hog wastes. Design
requirements for an aerobic lagoon are also in-
dicated. It is concluded that disposal of hog wastes
by use of aerobic lagoons is prohibitive because of
the large requirements of both water and land area.
The use of anaerobic lagoons is feasible, but it is ac-
companied by the problem of eventually having to
dispose of the accumulated digested sludge. Future
studies should be made on the operation of series
lagoons. By using the first lagoon for settling and as
an anaerobic lagoon, the area requirement of the
second to serve as an aerobic lagoon would be
greatly reduced, perhaps to the point of practicali-
ty. (White-Iowa State)
0379 - D3, E3
A REPORT ON THREE MANURE COMPOST-
ING PLANTS,
Public Health Service, San Francisco, Calif.
John S.Wiley.
Compost Science, Vol 5, Summer 1964, p 15-16.3
fig.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes. Public health, Cattle,
Poultry, Organic wastes, Aerobic conditions,
Anaerobic conditions, Mositure content, Aeration.
Odor, Pathogenic bacteria. Screens, Nitrogen, Am-
monia.
Identifiers: "Composting, "Aerobic decomposi-
tion. Nuisance, Fly production. Windrow compost-
ing. Rotary drum compoiter, Soil conditioner.
The article describes three manure compelling
plants which process manure in a sanitary,
economical manner and use the product as a'soil
conditioner. One plant treats a mixture of feedlot
manure from 5300 steers and meat packing wastes
in long windrows which are turned six times during
the six week composting period. The other two
plants treat poultry manure in rotary drum corn-
posters. Each of these two plants treats wastes from
one million birds. The compost is sold as a humus
plant food. The three plants are interesting at-
tempts to process manures in a sanitary manner
and to utilize the resulting product for the benefit
of the soil. (White-Iowa State)
0380 - E2
TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT,
Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md.
Livestock Engineering and Farm Structures
Research Branch.
Harry J. Eby.
Compost Science, Vol 7, p 7-10, Autumn 1966. 2
fig-
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Volume, "Organic
wastes. Domestic wastes, Cattle, Poultry.
Nutrients, Value, Organic matter, Topsoil, Turf,
Water pollution. Percolation, Fertilizers, Filters.
Identifier!: "Waste production, "Crass belts,
•Composting, Population equivalent, Land
disposal. Pollution control.
The author advocates managing our millions of
tons of organic waste, both farm and municipal, in
such a way that grass belts would be planted along
the borders of streams and rivers. The organic
wastes would be worked into these areas in large
quantities to improve the quality of the soil. His
proposal is based on three factors: (I) Soil with a
high organic content holds more water than soils
with little organic content. (2) Incorporating or-
ganic matter into a clay soil improves its percola-.
tion rate as well as its water-holding capacity. (3)
Soil is a good bacterial filter. Thus the grass belts
would act as a means of stream and river pollution
control. The author feels that more research is
needed to find components of manure which would
have continuing industrial or commercial applica-
tions. Examples are given illustrating the mag-
nitude of the animal waste disposal problem.
(White-Iowa State)
0381 ~ D4
WASTES FROM PIG PRODUCTION UNITS,
Tay River Purification Board (Scotland); and
North of Scotland Coll. of Agriculture, Aberdeen.
Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit.
R. A. Pontin, and S. H. Baxter.
Water Pollution Control, Vol 67, No 6, 1968, p
632-638.4 tab, 4 fig, 11 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Hogs, "Activated
sludge. Foaming, Freezing, Rotors, Effluent,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Odor, Construction,
Rubber, Linings, Recirculated water. Operations,
Slurries, Sludge, Dissolved oxygen. Costs, Aera-
tion, Water pollution. Public health. Lagoons.
Anaerobic digestion, Filtration, Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: "Oxidation ditch. Slatted floor, Primary
ditch, Secondary ditch, Suspended solids, Layout,
Rubber sheeting. Continuous operation, Intermit-
tent operation, Land disposal, Composting, Ex-
tended aeration.
Methods for the disposal or treatment of the in-
creasing quantities of slurry from intensive pig
production units are outlined. The possible applica-
tion of the oxidation ditch for such treatment is
discussed and the results of experiments of a com-
mercial piggery are described. The authors con-
clude that the method offers the promise of an
economic solution but that further research is ur-
gently needed. (White-Iowa State)
0382 - C4
TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFORM BAC-
TERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED
ANIMALS,
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.
R. P.. Geldrcich, R. H. Bordner.C. B. Huff.H. F.
Clark, and P. W. Kabler.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1 Vol
34, No 3, March 1962, p 295-301. 4 tab, 24 ref.
•Descriptors: "Coliforms, "Bacteria, "B. coli,
•Farm wastes, Domestic wastes, "Temperature,
Cuttle, Hog, Sheep, Poultry, Membrane filters.
Variability, Water pollution, Surface drainage.
Identifiers: Detection, Enumeration, IMViC,
BALB, EC broth procedure, MPN test, Biochemi-
cal lusts, Correlation.
This investigation examined the reactions of 4512
human, 2339 livotock, and 1896 poultry coliform
strains isolated from 43 human, 32 livestock, and
28 poultry fecal samples. The EC procedure
showed a 96.3 percent positive correlation and the
BALB procedure a 95.3 percent correlation with
the conforms from fecal sources. These findings
suggest that the presence of EC or BALB positive
coliform strains in water or wastes indicate relative-
ly recent fecal pollution. An occasional shift in per-
cent positive correlation of the elevated tempera-
ture test for three human samples during a period
of one to three years was noted. The biochemical
tests comprising the IMViC typing classification
are cumbersome and do not present as close a cor-
relation with fecal origins of the coliform group as
other procedures. In view of the excellant reliabili-
ty of either the EC or BALB test for fecal coliform
bacteria, and taking into account the saving in time
and effort, the elevated temperature procedure
seems to be the method of choice. (White-Iowa
State)
0383 - F2
PORK PRODUCERS AND POLLUTION: LEGAL
ASPECTS
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
Donald P. Levl.
Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of Missouri
Pork Producers Association, January 16, 1970,
Columbia, Missouri. Agricultural Economics Paper
No. 1970-6. 15 p.
Descriptors: "Legal aspects, "Regulation, Farm
wastes, Disposal, Missouri, Maintenance, Waste
water treatment. Water pollution control.
Identifiers: "Pollution laws, "Lawsuits, Nuisance
law. Liability, Stockmen, Law.
Pollution of water and air by feeding operations is
becoming a very real problem. Whether this con-
stitutes a nuisance is a question of fact and depends
on the circumstances of each case. The relative in-
terests of the parties involved will determine
whether or not a given operation is closed down.
Even if one is legally allowed to continue in busi-
ness, the assessment of actual or punitive damages
may make it unprofitable to do so. There is no one
thing which farmer* can do to guarantee that they
be free from nuisance actions. Site selection,
proper maintenance, zoning and licensing may help
in some cases. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0384 - Al, Bl. F4
THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER:
ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administntkm,
Washington, DC.
For tale by Supt. of Documents, U. S. Oovt. Print-
ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price $1.00.
March 1970. Vol 2,85 p, 18 fig, 10 tab.
Descriptor!: •Animal populations. "Farm waste*.
238
-------
•Water pollution tourcei, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Coil analysis. Cattle, Sheep, Poultry, Hogs,
Livestock.
Identifier!: "Animal wastes, 'Clean water,
•FeedloU, Swine, Milk cows. Stream pollution.
A comprehensive view ii provided of the problem
of farm-animal wastes in the United Statei in rela-
tionship to pollution of water bodies. A framework
u established for estimating cotu of animal wastes
control to prevent water pollution. In many cases
animal wastes have proved to be significant pollu-
tion sources that resulted in fish kills and extensive
damage to the ecology of the streams. At the
present time, however, there is general agreement
that not all of the wastes need to be considered as
sources of water pollution. Therefore, it would
seem that entirely too much emphasis has been
placed on the gross possible costs of controlling
water pollution from animal wastes. A more
realistic base for use in developing programs for
water pollution abatement and control from animal
wastes is a series of sub-elements that can be inde-
pendently assessed to determine their pollution
potential, applicable control measures, and total
pollution control costs. Estimates are presented of
the locations, by states, of populations of cattle,
milk cows, swine, sheep, and poultry together with
discussions of water pollution control practices,
wastes discharge frequencies from feedlots, and cli-
mate effects.
0385 - A6.C5
AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PER.
FORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A
LITERATURE REVIEW.
Agriculture Research Service, Washington, D.C.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US
Government Printing Office. Washington, DC
20402 - Price $1.00. Agriculture Handbook No
380, Issued August 1970. 109 p, 666 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Domestic animals, * Air pollution ef-
fects, 'Toxicity, Pollutant identification, Air pollu-
tion, Atmsophere, Smoke, Pollutants, Physiological
Ecology, Legislation. Farm wastes. Laboratory stu-
dies, 'Reviews, "Bibliographies, Water pollution
effects.
Identifiers: Inhalation, Ingestion, Veterinary
diagonosis, Esthetic effects, Automobile exhausts.
The results of a Literature Survey to determine the
effects of air pollution on domestic animals is
presented. The term 'domestic animals' as used in
this report includes cattle, sheep, goats, swine, hor-
ses, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeons,
Japanese quail, does, cats, rabbits, and honey bees.
Chapters 2, 3, and 4 on air pollution, smoke, and
automobile exhausts provide a brief background on
the generalities of these pollutants and their effects
on domestic animals. Many of the specific air pollu-
tants found in the air, smoke, and automobile ex-
hausts are described in subsequent chapters, which
contain a brief introduction of the air pollutant, the
published results, a summary, and a bibliography.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0386 - F4
INTRODUCTION: ISSUES IN FOOD PRODUC-
TION AND CLEAN WATER,
Agricultural Research Service, BeltBvillc, Md.
Water Conservation Research Div.
Cecil H. Wadleigh, and Clarence S. Britt.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, In-
troduction, pxix-xxvii. I tab, 3 fig, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment, Cattle,
Poultry, Hogs, Ammonia, Fertilizers, Nitrogen,
Corn, Labor, Nutrients, Potassium, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Runoff, Fishkill, Effluent, Pesti-
cides, Coliforms, Nitrates, Eutrophication,
Phosphorus, Oxygen, Fish, Conservation, Lagoons,
Odor, Sprinkler irrigation. Water quality.
Identifiers; 'Waste production, 'Fcedlots,
Mechanization, Chicken litter.
The article introduces the subject matter and con-
tent of the book. A look is first taken at the in-
creased consumption of meat in this country. From
the total number of animals raited for slaughter an
idea is given of the amount and scope of the animal
waste disposal problem. To raise this large number
of animals the agricultural industry has relied on a
variety of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to in-
crease yields. Runoff from feedlots and agricultural
lands has caused cutrophication and associated fish
kills. However these are not the only nutrient
sources. Conservation practices are needed to
prevent water flowing through feedlots to run
directly into a water course. As such secondary or
even tertiary lagoons may be required. Recycling of
wastes should be the optimum means of disposal
Sound conservation farming is needed to assure
beneficial use of agricultural wastes and to effec-
tively protect the quality of water in our streams
and reservoirs. (White-Iowa State)
0387 - A2, A3, C2
POLLUTION BY SEDIMENT: SOURCES AND
TRANSPORT
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering; and Agricultural Research Service, Belt-
sville. Md. y/ater Conservation Research Div
H. P. Johnson, and W . C. Moldenhauer.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
I, p 3-20. 2 tab, 2 Tig, 59 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Sediments, 'Sedi-
ment transport, Bed load, Suspended load, Soil ero-
sion, Gully erosion, Sheet erosion. Rill erosion
Sediment yield. Watersheds, Iowa, Losses, Regres-
sion analysis, Specific weight, Streams, Yield equa-
tions.
Identifiers: 'Detachment, 'Erosion equation
Universal Soil Loss Equation, Correlation coeffi-
cient, Sediment delivery ratio. Reservoir sedimen-
tation.
The paper attempts to identify problems in the
sediment pollution area, define the present un-
derstanding of the erosion and transport process
and to indicate research needs. Gross erosion from
land, including both sheet and gully erosion, is
discussed, and empirical methods of quantitative
measurement are presented as well as research ap-
proaches. Primary sources of sediment yield infor-
mation are reservoir sedimentation surveys and
suspended load samplings. Finally a look is taken at
sediment in transport and its two components
suspended load and bed load. The science of ero-
sion and sediment transport needs to advance con-
siderably if it is to be sufficiently flexible for use in
detailed planning, (White- Iowa State)
0388 - C2
CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN WATER
Agricultural Research Service, Morris, Minn. Soil
and Water Conservation Research Div and Min-
nesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul.
R. F, Holt, R. H. Dowdy, and D. R. Timmons.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa
State University Press, Ames. Iowa, 1970, Chapter
2, p 21-34. 2 fig, I tab, 49 ref.
Descriptors: 'Sediments, 'Nitrogen. 'Phosphorus
Chemistry. Water pollution. Clays, Mineralogy,
Montmonllonite, Illite. Colloids, Clay minerals Or-
ganic matter. Ions. Ion exchange, Cation exchange
Amon adsorption, Oxidation-reduction potential!
Nitrification, Denitrification.
Identifiers: Preferential removal. Electrical charge
Surface area. Reduced layer, Surface oxidized
Sediment can be considered a major pollutant of
surface waters. However, its contribution to the
dissolved chemicals in lakes and streams is largely
unknown. The composition of sediment closely
resembles the soil from which it is derived but is
generally higher in silt, clay, and organic matter.
Chemical reactions involving sediment are essen-
tially the surface chemistry of their colloidal frac-
tions which is a function of their surface area and
electrical charge. AS a result, reactions with sedi-
ment can be divided into interactions with charged
ions and with neutral compounds. The chemistry of
sediments in situ can be surmised from studies of
submerged soils. Sediments carry relatively large
amounts of total nitrogen and phosphorus into sur-
face waters, but in both cases only a small propor-
tion of this total is readily available to the
biosystem. Sediments apparently have a high
capacity to remove phosphate from solution, but
without turbulence the release of phosphate from
bottom sediments will not support algal growth at
appreciable distances from the sediment. Available
inorganic nutrients, particularly phosphorus, are
rapidly taken up by the biosystem in natural waters.
They eventually become a part of the organic frac-
tion of the sediment and their release back to the
waters is not well resolved. (White-IowaState)
0389 - Bl
LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR
MINIMIZING SEDIMENT,
Iowa State Univ. Ames. Dept. of Agronomy.
Minoru Amcmiya.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa 1970 Chanter
3, p 35-45. 5 tab, 28 ref.
Descriptors: 'Land management, 'Water manage-
ment, 'Sediments, 'Soil erosion, Sediment yield.
Soil stabilization, Sediment transport. Energy dis-
sipation. Soil properties, Slopes, Farm manage-
ment. Infiltration, Storage capacity, Vegetation,
' Velocity, Flow, Mulching, Erosion control. Cul-
tivation, Runoff. Strip cropping, Terracing, Con-
tour farming.
Identifiers: Detachment, Universal Soil Loss Equa-
tion.
The most logical and direct approach to solving our
agriculturally related sediment problem is the sta-
bilization of the sediment source by controlling soil
erosion through the use of proper land and water
management practices. An understanding of the
factors affecting soil erosion by water is required in
order to effectively protect the soil. The Universal
Soil Loss Equation provides a framework for
discussing erosion control measures. A vegetative
cover or surface mulch is one of the most effective
means of controlling runoff and erosion, and is
discussed in some detail. A natural result of this
fact is the creation of tillage methods which leave a
mulch or crop residue on the surface. Examples of
their effectiveness in controlling soil erosion are
given. Contour farming, strip-cropping and terrac-
ing are slope modification methods for erosion con-
trol. Slope modification measures combined with
soil conserving tillage practices can be effective in
reducing soil erosion from cropped land. However,
to become widely accepted, such practices must fit
efficient farming operations and must be economi-
cally feasible. (White-Iowa State)
0390 - A3, E2
SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORUS IN WATER
SUPPLIES,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Dent, of
Botany.
Jacob Verduin.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
5, p 63-71. I fig,4 tab, 12 ref.
Descriptors; 'Phosphorus, 'Nutrients, Water pol-
lution, Fertilizers, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sewage Ef-
fluents. Phosphates. Carbon dioxide. Odor Taste
239
-------
Eutrophication, Water sheds, Tennessee Valley
Authority Project, Detergents, Farm wastes,
Lagoons.
Identifiers: 'Plant nutrients, N/P ratio. En-
richment.
The author gives data showing the marked increase
in total phosphorus concentrations in our streams
and lakes. Although there has been a large increase
in agricultural fertilizer use, evidence suggests that
approximately one-lhird of the phosphorus con-
tributions may come from agricultural watersheds.
In urban sewage effluents, detergents seem to con-
tribute about three times more phosphate than is
contributed by the organic matter in sewage. Con-
sequently, detergents would appear to be the most
significant single source of phosphates enriching
our waters today. The author contends that animal
and domestic wastes belong on the land as fertilizer
and soil improvers rather than discharging nutrient
rich lagoon and sewage plant effluents directly to
streams. As such, agriculture has a primary role to
play in the solution of the pollution problem. In the
problem of removing concentrated nutrients from
water, agricultural technology can make a major
contribution in the application of the living root
zone filter to the process of plant nutrient removal.
(White-Iowa State)
0391 - A3, E2
BEHAVIOR OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER
PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TO WATER
POLLUTION,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agronomy.
C. A. Black.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
6,p72-V3. IDfig, ltab,S7ref.
Descriptors: 'Phosphorus, 'Soils, Water pollution.
Phosphates, Fertilizers, Solubility. Or-
ganophosphorus compounds, Groundwater, Sur-
face waters, Aqueous solutions, Saturation, Dis-
tribution, Adsorption.
Identifiers: 'Orthophosphatc, Plant residues, Con-
centrations, Biologipal cycle, Phosphorite, Lang-
muir equation, Reaction capacity.
The principal objective of this chapter is to present
an account of selected aspects of the behavior of
soil and fertilizer phosphorus as a basis for un-
derstanding how phosphorus from these sources
may contribute to the phosphorus content of
waters in the soil and leaving the soil. Chemical and
geologic phosphorus cycles in the soil are traced.
The reactions and distribution of fertilizer
phosphorus in soil are described. The distribution
of both inorganic and organic phosphorus is
pointed out. (While-Iowa State)
0392 - A3, A4, C3, E2
SOURCES OF NITROGEN IN WATER SUP-
PLIES,
Geological Survey, Denver, Colo.
Marvin C.Goldberg.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
7, p 94-124.4 fig, 8 tab, 72 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrates, Groundwater,
Ammonia, Precipitation, Sediments, Denitrifica-
tion, Runoff, Ureas, Fertilizen. Drainage water. Ir-
rigation, Return flow, Water supply, Livestock,
Sewage, Infiltration, Industrial wastes. Algae,
Ponds, Farm wastes.
Identifiers: 'Surface waters, Geological sources,
Mineralization, Nitrogen sources. Well water,
Feedlots.
Water supplies can be categorized as surface.
waters or groundwaten. This paper examines
representative studies of nitrate entrance to both
types of water supplies, with summaries of some of
the many laboratory and field studies described in
the current literature. Some of the sources of
nitrogen entrance to water supplies include at-
mospheric, geologic, rural and urban runoff,
sewage, irrigation, animal wastes, and industrial
wastes among many others. Sources of major im-
portance to both surface and groundwater supplies
are pointed out and field or laboratory studies are
reported. (White-Iowa State)
0393 - C3, E2
CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SOILS,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agronomy! and
Missouri Univ..Columbia. Dept. of Agronomy.
F. J. Stevenson, and G. H. Wagner.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
8,pl25-14l.8fig,26ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrates, 'Ammonium
compounds. Fertilizers, Inorganic; compounds,
Nitrites, Microorganisms, Climates, Nitrification,
Denitrification, Leaching, Organic matter, Amino
acids, Lignins, Chemistry, Soils.
Identifiers: 'Fixation, Mineralization, Immobiliza-
tion, Volatilization, Amines, Pyrimidine.
This review emphasizes the complex nature of soil
nitrogen. Other than gaseous forms, the inorganic
N consists primarily as NH4 (..) and NO3 (-). Part
of the NH4 (..) is bound to colloidal surfaces and
behaves according to classical reactions of
exchange chemistry. Nitrate is free to move with
the noil water and is the form of N which is of
greatest concern from the standpoint of pollution
of water supplies. Many soils contain appreciable
amounts of NH4 (..) that cannot be utilized directly
by plants and microorganisms; this NH4 (..) is held
within the lattice structures of clay minerals. Less
than one-half of the organic N in soils can be ac-
counted for in known compounds (amino acids,
umino sugars, purine and pyrimidine buses, etc.).
The remainder may occur as part of the structures
of hurnic and fulvic acids. Part of the N added to
soils as fertilizers can be converted to organic
forms by chemical reactions involving NH3 (..) and
NO2 (-); this combined N is only slowly mineral-
ized and may persist in soil for prolonged periods.
Bacterial denitrification is an important factor
regulating NO3 (-) levels in natural soil and may
serve an a means of reducing the NO3 (-) content
of groundwater when land is used for the disposal
of nitrogenous wastes. (White-IowaSlate)
0394 - A3, El
FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT FOR POLLU-
TION CONTROL,
Minnesota Univ.,"St. Paul. Dept. of Soil Science.
W. P. Martin, W. E. Fcnster, and L. D. Hanson.
Miscellaneous Publication Paper No 1360 of the
Unjveriily of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment
Station, St. Paul. Agricultural Practices and Water
Quality, Iowa Slate University Press, Ames, Iowa,
1970, Chapter 9, p 142-158. 68 ref.
Descriptors: 'Fertilizers, 'Nitrogen, 'Phosphorus,
Nutrients, Phosphates, Soil erosion, Sedimentation,
Sediments, Soils. Water supply, Eutrophication,
Cultivation, Nitrates, Farm wastes, Wells, Water
pollution, Nitrification, Irrigation, Denitrification.
Identifiers: 'Pollution control, 'Fertilizer use,
Nutrient removal, Feedlots.
Nitrogen and phosphorus, as nutrient elements, are
important to both land and aquatic plants, and nor-
mally reach water supplies via land runoff in the
erosion debris. Fertilizer usages in the midcon-
tinent area are rapidly increasing to maximize
production and increase efficiency, and further in-
creases are expected. Fertilizer phosphorus quickly
converts to unavailable forms in mineral soils and
the evidence indicates that one of the ways of
reducing the level of soluble phosphorus in water
would be to effect soil contact such as by filtration
through the soil medium. Nitrogen fertilizer appli-
cation rates should approximate crop needs, which
for a given soil type and climatic zone are based on
production potential estimates for the crops to be
grown. Management recommendations refined
through the years for maximizing production are
not incompatible with the objective of reducing
nutrient contamination of natural waters. Further
research is needed on nutrient balances and reac-
tions in soils to maintain supplies at levels needed
for crop production. Water quality standards as
established by the federal and state water pollution
control groups should be compatible with the need
for maintaining adequate nutrients for efficient
crop production consistent with management pro-
grams designed to minimize losses to adjacent
water supplies. (White-Iowa State)
0395 - A7
CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF INSECTI-
CIDES,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Zoology and En-
tomology.
PaulA.Dahm.
Journal Paper No. J-6S09 of the Iowa Agriculture
and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames,
Iowa. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality,
Iowa State University Presi, Ames, Iowa, 1970,
Chapter II, p 167-182.6 fig, I tab, 62 ref.
Descriptors: 'Insecticides, 'DDT. *Aldrin, Diel-
drin. Insects, Carbamate pesticides, Insect control.
Metabolism, Qrganophosphorus pesticide*,
Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, Pesticide tox-
icity. Pesticide residues.
Identifiers: Toxaphene, Parathion, M alalhion, Car-
baryl, Metabolites, Arthropods.
Insecticides occur in the environment because of
purposive applications for peit control and because
of accidents and carelessness. The major problems
with insecticides arise from the contamination of
the environment and food and the development of
resistant arthropod-pot populations. The per-
sistence of insecticides in the atmosphere, water,
toil, plants, animals, and microorganisms is being
investigated. Alterations of insecticides occur
under both metabolic and nonmetabolic condi-
tions. Knowledge of the metabolism of insecticides
is prerequisite to their development and use for in-
sect control. Identification and lexicological assess-
ment of the metabolic products should precede
establishment of residue and other safety factors.
More basically, metabolism studies of insecticides
reveal intoxication and detoxication processes and
how these relate to physiological effects and
problems of resistance. With some insecticides, pri-
mary metabolic attack may form compounds
whose toxicity approximately equals or is greater
than the parent insecticide. Numerous non-
metabolic factors exert effects on the structure and
persistence of insecticides. The solubilities of insec-
ticides in soil and water are especially important in
relation to their movement and persistence in the
environment.. (White-Iowa stale)
0396 - A7
THE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN WATER AND ITS
SIGNIFICANCE,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Athens, Ga. Southeast Water Lab.
H. Page Nicholson.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter •
I2,p 183-193.3tab,32ref.
Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'DDT,Toxicity, Dieldrin,
Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, Aldrin, En-
drin, Heplachlor, Runoff, Water pollution, Indus-
trial wastes. Insecticides.
Identifiers: 'Environmental contamination. Con-
centrations, Sources, Parathion, Pesticide pollu-
tion.
Sources of pesticide polluted water include runoff,
industrial wastes, accidents and carelessness!
240
-------
Graphic examples of each are given to gain per-
spective about the potential for pesticide involve-
ment in water pollution. The significance of
chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides with respect to
water pollution is shown. Concentrations in some
lakes and streams has increased. A final section on
control of pesticide pollution gives ideas and
methods which should result in less water pollution
by pesticides. (White-Iowa State)
0397 - A7, F5
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL
WATER FROM CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND
BANK WEEDS, V
Agricultural Research Service, Denver, Colo. Crop
Research Div; and Agricultural Research Service
Laramie, Wyo. Crops Research Div.
F. L. Timmons, P. A. Frank, and R. J. Demint.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chanter
13, p 194-208. 4 tab, 31 ref. «-n«P««r
Descriptors: 'Herbicides, »2-4-D, • Aquatic weed
control, Dalapon, 2-4-5-T, Alligator weed. Copper
sulfate. Ponds, Pond weeds, Reservoirs, Irrigation
canals, Sprinkler irrigation. Furrow irrigation
Drainage, Water hyacinth, Runoff.
Identifiers: 'Herbicide dissipation, Drainage
ditches, Submersed weeds, Amitrole.Silvex.
The effectiveness of herbicides and the economics
involved in agricultural production have caused
their extensive use for weed control in and adjacent
to aquatic areas, especially on irrigation systems.
Greater use of herbicides in and around agricul-
tural waters may he expected. Maximum residues
of herbicides used for weed control in farm ponds
and reservoirs are low, ranging from a fraction of I
ppm to several ppm. In most case, these levels are
of short duration. The transport of herbicide
residues in irrigation water prevents extensive ex-
posure of any given irrigated area. The flowing
water may at times carry residues to areas where
their presence may be objectionable. While reduc-
tion in residue level varies with canal and herbi-
cide, many residues are dissipated after » water
How of 10 to 15 miles. In most cases, the dissipation
can be attributed to'dilution in water or absorption
by bottom mud. The concentrations of herbicides
found in irrigation water are unlikely to cause inju-
ry in crops. Where residues were found in crops fol-
lowing irrigation with water containing herbicides
the levels were generally much lower than
tolerances already established for the same or
similar crops. (White-Iowa State)
0398 - A3. A7
PESTICIDES AND PEST MANAGF.MENT FOR
MAXIMUM PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM
POLLUTION,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Zqology and En-
tomology.
Don C. Peters.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
14, p 209-223. 2 fig, I uh, 45 ref.
Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, Productivi-
ty, Water pollution, Climates, Insects, Control,
Biocontrol, Cultural control, C'hemcontrol,
Mechanical control, Insecticides, Cotton, Timber
management. Corn, Soybeans, Tobacco,
Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, 2-4-D, DDT.
Identifiers: 'Pest management, Natural controls.
Applied controls.
The author first discusses natural and applied con-
trols which man utilize, in an effort to reduce losses
caused by pots. Natural control can be subdivided
into climatic, udaphic, and biotic aspects. Applied
control* arc biological, cultural, legal, or chemical
practices. Hxamples of pest management in seven!
»rca» of production arc given. The role of agricul-
tural pesticide use and clean water is pointed out.
Suggestions arc given, both legislative and practi-
I — -«p otrpmolllauun 1"
pest control is to be achieved, more imaginative
research support will have to be found
(White-Iowa State)
0399 - A2, A3
LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS AND FIELD-
SPREAD MANURE AS SOURCES OF POLLU-
TANTS,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J. R. Miner, and T. L. Willrich.
In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, 1970
,lowa State University Press, p 231-240. 2 tab 25*
ref.
Descriptors: 'Pollutants, 'Confinement pens.
Farm wastes, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemi-
cal oxygen demand. Runoff, Liquid wastes,
Groundwater, Lagoons, Water pollution sources
Water pollution. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Pollution characteristics. Lagoon ef-
fluent, Feedlot runoff.
This paper deals with the pollution potential from
animal waste,. The pollution characteristics of
animal wastes and the surface water and ground-
water pollution potentials are discussed. Runoff is a
primary mode of transportation of the waste to the
water supplies. This pollution can be minimized
through proper management.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0400 - Cl, E2
MANURE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE OF
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOIL,
Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Neb • and
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
T. M. McCalia, L. R. Frederick,and O. L. Palmer
In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality 1970
Iowa State University Preu, p 241-255. 2 'fig, 11'
tab, 38 ref.
Descriptor,: Farm wastes. Disposal, Fertilizers,
Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic conditions'
Microorganisms, Storage, Water pollution sources'
Waste water treatment. '
Identifiers: Fertilizer value. Composition Break-
down, Decomposition.
This paper discusses the composition of animal
manure. Fresh manure contain, from 30 to 80%
water. The rest of, the constituents in manure are
inorganic and organic solids, liquids, and gases.
Manure contains all the inorganic nutrients needed
by plants. Roughly, 90% of the dry matter in
manure is organic waste material from animal
digestion of feeds. The microbial population of
animal waste is composed mainly of bacteria, fungi
actmomycctes, and protozoa. Significant decom-
position of manure may occur in the feedlot if al-
lowed to remain there long enough. Further
decomposition occurs when applied to the soil
Manure should be plowed under to minimize N
loss. Huge quantities of animal waste applied to the
land may result in accumulation of some organic
and inorganic constituent, in concentrations that
may become toxic to plants, particularly under
anaerobic decomposition conditions.
(Christenbury-lowa Stale)
0401 - D4
MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE OF
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER
Kansas Univ.. Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
Ross P.. Mc-Kinncy.
In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality 197o
Iowa Slate University Press, p 256-264 ti ref
criteria. Water pollution sources. Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: Oxidation ditch. Anaerobic lagoons.
Aerated lagoons, Oxidation ponds.
With regard to aqueous treatment systems for
animal manure, it is apparent that aqueous treat-
ment systems are not desirable for animal waste ex-
cept in special situations. The concentrated animal
wusles are not normally mixed with water and can
be handled best as solid wastes. Chicken houses
have been designed to handle the waste as solids.
However, confined hog houses have too much fluid
manure fur handling as solids. The oxidation ditch
has proven satisfactory for handling hog waste.
Treated hog manure must be returned to the soil
for final disposal. The soil is the ultimate acceptor
of all animal wastes. There is no reason that the ox-
idation ditch should not be satisfactory for treating
cattle manure. The biological treatment will reduce
only a small fraction of the total solids of the
manure. This treatment destroys the obnoxious
qualities and results in a material that is more
satisfactory for disposal.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0402 - A3, A9
S'oSJ?^£E TRANSMISSION OF WATER-BORNE
ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Veterinary
Microbiology and Public Health.
Stanley L.Dicsch.
In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, 1970,
Iowa State University Press, p 26S-28S. 93 ref.
Descriptors: 'Diseases, 'Animal diseases, 'Animal
pathology, 'Human diseases, Farm wastes.
Pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic fungi, Pathology,
Viruses, Water transfer. Human pathology,
Parasitism, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Disease transmission, Rickettsia.
An effort is made to indicate the potential
epidemiologic significance based on the variability
of the resistant characteristics of various kinds of
pathogenic organisms and their potential for water
transmission. The historical implication of water
and disease is briefly reviewed. The current
problems of disease transmission related to water is
discussed. To document water's role as a vehicle in
disease transmission, information gathered from a
literature review was used. Specific disease entities
are grouped by classification based on etiology of
the causative organisms. Infectious diseases of
animals and man caused by bacteria, Rickettsia,
viruses, fungi, and parasitic organisms are
discussed. (Christcnbury- Iowa State)
*: *Anaer<>bi': """ditions. 'Aerobic con-
, 'Lagoons. Farm wastes. Odor AQU
""lutums. Disposal. Microorganism.',
0403 - Bl
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO
MINIMIZE POLLUTION,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
i. A. Moore.
In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality 1970
Iowa State University Press, p 286-297. 35 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Management, Aero-
bic conditions. Anaerobic conditions Disposal
Tertiary treatment. Pollutants, Liquid wastes'
Lagoons, Sedimentation, Trickling filters Water
pollution sources, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Flushing gutter,. Composting, Aerated
lagoons. Oxidation ponds. Slatted floors, Screen-
ing.
Management of unimal waste can be broken down
into four separate functions: collection, storage
trea mcnt. and utilization or disposal. The option,'
available for cuch of these functions are described
CoUcction ,» divided into two types: wet or £The
remaining management functions depend on the
collection type used. Three bask* trea.mcM
pr»ccH«» developed by the Civil Service £l7c"
that apply t), ttl)lrnu| manurc are dcscribcdg.'rn£™
241
-------
arc: Primary treatment, Secondary treatment, and
Tertiary treatment. Almost all of the uHli/ation and
disposal of animal manures will he through land ap-
plication. The disposal systems that have been
proven arc presented. These include liquid manure
disposal as well us solid manure disposal.
f Christenbury-lowu State)
0404 - A4, C3
MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLU-
TANTS WITH GROUNDWATER,
Geological Survey, Raleigh, N.C.
Harry E. LeGrand.
In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, 1970, p 303-313. 2
fig, 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Path of pollutants, 'Farm wastes,
'Water pollution sources, 'Groundwater,
•Agricultural chemicals, Fertilizers, Pesticides,
Nutrients, Soil water, Soils, Seepage, Soil chemis-
try, Absorption, Soil mechanics, Water quality. Soil
properties. Water wells. Water table, Environmen-
tal effects. Water chemistry, Infiltration.
Identifiers: 'Agricultural pollutants.
The volume of groundwater polluted by plant
nutrients, animal wastes, and pesticides appears to
be small. Numerous small polluted zones of water
occur in the upper part of the zone of saturation.
Sufficient safeguards are available to minimize
groundwater pollution to the extent that good
agricultural practices should not be deterred. The
unsaturated zone above the water table attenuates
almost all of the foreign bodies that are potential
pollutants of the underlying groundwater. Chemi-
cal fertilizers, animal wastes, and pesticides vary
greatly in their tendency to degrade in ground en-
vironments. The following favorable environmental
factors tend to reduce the changes of pollution of
water from wells and springs: (I) A deep water ta-
ble, which (a) allows for sorption of pollutants on
earth materials, (b) slows subsurface movement of
pollutants, and (c) facilitates oxidation or other
beneficial 'die-away' effects. (2) Sufficient clay in
the path of pollutant* so that retention or sorption
of pollutants is favorable. (3) A gradient of the
water table beneath a waste site away from nearby
wells. (4) A great distance between wells and
wastes. (Woodard-USGS)
0405 - A3
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
ON EUTROPHICATION,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Oept. of Sanitary En-
gineering, and Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of
WsterChcmislry.
D. E. Armstrong, and G. A. Rohlich.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
23, p 3 14-330. 14 tab, 2 fig, 26 ref.
Descriptors: 'Eutrophication, 'Nitrogen,
•Phosphorus, Nutrients, Algae, Nitrates, Surface
runoff. Base flow, Percolation, Leaching, Drainage,
Farm wastes, Soil management, groundwater,
Wisconsin, Water supply.
Identifiers: 'Agricultural drainage. Lake metabol-
ism, Mobility, Paniculate form, Feedlots, Nutrient
sources.
The paper discusses nitrogen and phosphorus
transport in agricultural drainage since these are
the most important nturients involved in eutrophi-
cation. It is generally expected that inorganic
nitrogen is transported mainly as nitrate by per-
colating water, although the amounts of ammoni-
um and nitrate carried in runoff waters may be
highly significant in terms of the receiving water.
Similarly, the largest amount of phosphorus is like-
ly transported in paniculate form in runoff waters,
but the amount of dissolved phosphorus in runoff
water may be of equal or greater importance even
though lower in quantity. The contribution of
agricultural drainage to the nitrogen and
phosphorus status of waters is next examined. The
data presented suggest that agricultural land is an
important contributor of nitrogen and phosphorus
to water. About 60% of the nitrogen and 42% of
the phosphorus were estimated to come from
agricultural land. Nutrient budget estimations were
based on data obtained on a small scale and ex-
trapolated and thus have a low reliability. Nutrient
sources are numerous and generalizations as to
which source is the most important cannot be
made. The contribution of agriculture should be
reduced by improved and more efficient agricul-
tural management practices.(White-IowaState)
0406 - A3
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS
ON RECREATIONAL USES OF SURFACE
WATERS,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Zoology; and
Missouri Dept. of Conservation, Columbia.
Robert S. Campbell, and James R. Whitley.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
24,p33t-343.3tab, I fig,43 ref.
Descriptors: * Pollutants, 'Recreation, Lakes,
Streams, Algae, Pesticides, DDT, Return flow.
Sediments, Soil erosion, Fertilizers, Farm wastes.
Fish, Fish eggs, Turbidity, Nutrients, Dissolved ox-
ygen. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Quality Act,
Water quality.
Unquestionably many agricultural pollutants affect
recreation through alteration of water quality and
degradation of fish and aquatic life. The more seri-
ous polluting agents are eroded soil, agricultural
fertilizers, animal wastes, and pesticides. While the
problems relating to agricultural pollution are com-
plex, and the solutions will not easily be attained, it
seems reasonable that in many instances alternative
procedures can be developed. Pollution control
measures arc available which will allow continua-
tion of agricultural production and enhance and
protect water quality and recreation. While these
procedures may be costly to apply, the expenditure
should be judged in light of its contribution toward
the preservation of man's environment. Especially
in the instance of pesticide use, protection of water
quality may be requisite 19 protection of the health
of man from unknown long-term effects of pesti-
cides. Reduction and control of agricultural pollu-
tants are essential to develop and maintain a high
quality environment. Quality of life and quality of
environment are synonymous.
(White-Iowa State)
0407 - A3
EFFECTS OF SURFACE RUNOFF ON THK
FEASIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED
WASTE TREATMENT,
Iowa State Univ., Amen. Dept. of Civil Kngincuring.
Robert I1'. Haumann, and Sheldon Kclman.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Itiwa
State University Prow, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
25, p 344-362. 7 fig, I tab, 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, 'Sewage treatment,
Tertiary treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand,
Industrial wastes, Harm wastes, Pollutants, Fertil-
iser*, Nitrogen, Nitrates, Phosphorus, Phosphates,
Algae, Ivutrophication,' Water quality, Rivers, Iowa,
Corn, Discharge, Chlorophyll.
Identifier*: Industrial water pollution, Des Mnines
River, Packing plants.
The protection of the quality oi water in Iowa
stream* requires that attention be directed at the
various contributor* of (he significant pollutants.
Attention in currently being directed at municipal
and industrial wastes discharge*, since these enter
stream* through a point source and arc ca»ily con-
trolled. All such wastes must be given secondary
treatment prior to discharge to Iowa's streams. As
more stringent treatment requirements are de-
manded in the future, there is some question an to
whether nutrient removals from municipal and in-
dustrial wastes will be sufficient to protect the
stream. This .study indicated that during periods of
dry weather when light and turbidity conditions are
favorable for phytoplankton growth, the principal
source of the N and P required to support such
growth is derived from municipal and industrial
waste water discharges. Removal of N and P from
such waste water discharges will help reduce
phytoplankton growth. In periods of high stream
flow, when turbidity levels are high enough to be
unfavorable to phytoplankton growth, runoff from
urban and rural lands and channel erosion are
probably the principal contributors of N and P to
the stream. Removal of N and P from municipal
and industrial wastes during these periods will not
reduce nutrient levels significantly. Under the
latter conditions, tertiary treatment of municipal
and industrial wastes will be of less benefit until ru-
noff contributions of N and P are also controlled.
(White'lowa State)
0408 - A3, F2
LEGAL ASPECTS,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of Law.
N.William Mines.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
26, p 365-376. 26 ref.
Descriptors: 'Legal aspects, 'Water pollution,
Farm wastes, Pesticides, Sediments, Fertilizers,
Riparian rights, DDT. Water quality. Regulation,
Water Quality Act, Standards, Administrative
agencies, Pesticide residues, Soil erosion. Silting.
Identifiers: 'Point sources, Common law,
Nuisance, Feedlots, Registration.
The forec of the law has not been brought to bear
on agriculture as it has on other major sources of
water pollution. Agricultural pollution has thus far
been ignored because it is less visible and more dif-
ficult to correct than are wpslcs from municipalities
and industry. Currently only those types of agricul-
tural pollution that are obvious and subject to
direct control receive legal attention. As point
sources arc brought under control, agriculture's
more subtle contributions to water pollution will at-
tract regulatory concern. Public regulation of
agricultural pollution will take two primary forms:
(I) direct restrictions on the use of chemical inputs
t(» agricultural production, and (2) regulation of
land use patterns and practices. F.xamples of the
first type of regulation are prohibitions or limita-
tions on the use of certain chemical hiocides, fertil-
izers, and other additives. Land use regulations
seem very likely to be necessary to effect a
meaningful reduction in soil erosion. The ideal con-
struct might involve the employment of land-use
controls by a comprehensive watershed manage-
ment authority. If this does not come to pass, exer-
cise of such powers by other local districts such as
soil conservation districts, conservancy districts, or
drainage districts would be feasible, as would grant-
ing similar powers to the local pollution control
agency, (While-Iowa State)
0409 - Fl
ECONOMIC ASPECTS.
luwa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of ftconomics.
John K. Timmons.
Journal Paper No J-6469 of the Iowa Agricultural
and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa. Agricultural Prac-
tice* and Water Quality, Iowa Stale University
Pren, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 27, p 377-389. 9
ref.
Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Economics, Manage-
ment, Water quality control. Water resources.
Costs, Benefits, Standards, Measurement, Water
242
-------
Quality Act.
Identifieri: 'Quality leveli, 'Water tupplici quail-
ty, 'Water demand quality, Leatt eoit method, Ex-
ternalities, Public intervention, Water quality
management, Quality u>e.
The firm itep toward meeting water quality
management relating to water use within agricul-
ture in being taken through becoming aware of the
importance of water quality problemi. The need to
recognize the quality heterogeneities of water from
demand and supply orientation* in evident. The im-
portance of demand orientationH and requirements
i» paramount in specifying quality standards which
vary among uses, spatially and temporally. Supply
qualities mum be geared to qualities demanded by
uses. Least-cent method) are necessary in meeting
demand qualities In assigning benefits and costs to
water use*, the problems of externalilies, measure-
ment, and intervention are crucial. Economics with
its legacy of methods, theory, and its corps of
resource economists in a necessary part of the mul-
tidisciplinary approach in planning and in carrying
out relevant research necessary Tor education,
legislation, and administration of water quality
management. (Whitc-lnwa State)
0410 - F3
ALLIANCE FUR ACTION,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
John M. Kademachcr,
Agricultural Practiced and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter
28, p 390-396. 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution,
Agriculture, Fishkills, Pesticides, Sediments, Ru-
noff, Regulation, Zoning, Management, Waste
treatment, Dissolved oxygen.
Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Technical bane, 'Invento-
ry, Registration, Feed lot runoff, Animal waste
management, Quantities, Runoff strength, Popula-
tion equivalent.
The author chouses to look at animal wastes since
this pollutant lends itself to more classical solutions
than do other agricultural pollutants. He then '
pieces together the various interest* involved with
the animal waste problem. A technical base of in-
formation is required to establish effective con-
trols. The development of an inventory noting
animal production, concentration and location is
an essential element of the technical base for the
animal waste problem. Specific research and
development needs muit be delineated in ac-
cordance with the expected trends of the feedlot in-
dustry. Regulation! are needed to ensure feedlot
operators that measures they employ will guarantee
a reasonable tenure of operation. Zoning regula-
tion! may be necessary and desirable. Mandatory
registration should be an integral part of feedlot
regulations. A sound animal waste management
program encompasses prevention, reduction, treat-
ment, and disposal of animal wastes. No one treat-
ment process or system will be the solution for all
animal production units. A variety of management
and treatment systems will have to be developed. If
it is the public who must bear the cost, then agricul-
ture must have the courage to include waste treat-
ment as a part of its production costs.
(White-Iowa State)
0411 - F4
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND COALS,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
Washington, D.C. Agricultural and Marine Pollu-
tion Control.
Harold Bernard.
Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa
State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970 Chapter
29, p 397-407. 2 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Water quality,
'Standards, Environment, Research and develop-
ment, Management, Water Quality Act, Nebraska,
Water supply. Water utilization. Water sports. Pol-
lution abatement, Biochemical oxygen demand.
Sewage treatment, Firm wastes, Nutrients, Return
flow, Expenditures.
Identifiers: 'Federal Water Pollution Control Ad-
ministration, Agricultural pollution.
The article gives information as to the scope and
extent of FWPCA activities relating to the control
of agricultural pollution. Over $4 million has been
expended in 1969 and 1970 on research and
demonstrations involving pollution abatement from
pesticides, nutrient runoff, irrigation return flows
and feedlot operations. An example of criteria for
water quality standards is given. Recommendations
from a recent task force of seven cognizant Federal
agencies studying the agricultural pollution
problem are given. Data is presented indicating the
need Tor municipal, industrial and agricultural pol-
lution control. New techniques and systems must
be developed to increase the quantity of pollutants
removed from Ihcse sources before it reaches our
streams. (White-Iowa State)
,UENCI
0412 - _
THE INFLUENCE OF ASHED POULTRY
MANURE ON SOIL, SNAP BEANS, AND TO-
MATOES,
Pennsylvania State Univ., College Park, Agricul-
tural Experiment Station.
Charles A. McClurg, Ernest L. Bergman, and
Glenn O. Bressler.
Progress Report 312, April 1971, 9 p, 12 tab., 18
ref.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Crop response. Farm
wastes, 'Waste treatment, Fertilizers, Soil analysis,
Laboratory tests. Sampling.
Identifiers: 'Ashed poultry manure. Waste reuse.
Four experiments were conducted to determine the
'growth of snap beam (phascolus vulgaris L.) and
tomatoes (lycoperseon esculentum mill) In a
Hagerstown clay loam soil containing various pro-
portions of ground dried and/or ashed poultry
manure. Addition of uh significantly increased toil
pH, available P, and mllllequlvalents and percent
saturation of K, Mg, Ca In the soil, Germination of
bean seed in pot culture was severely restricted by
the amounts of ash and/or dried manure added to
the soil due to excessive concentrations of soluble
salts, however, pod yield increased with low levels
of ash and dried manure. Leaf analyses indicated
increased K and Mg and decreased Ca content
when ash had been added to the soil. Addition of
dried manure resulted in increased foliar content of
P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Al. There was no signifi-
cant reduction of stand or yield when snap beans
were grown under field conditions on toll to which
30t/acre ash had been added although maturity of
pods appeared to be slightly delayed. Foliar analy-
sis of beans grown in soil treated with ash showed
significant increases of K, Mg, B, Na in leaves,
while Ca and Mn decreased significantly. Applica-
tion of ash to field soils at a rate of 120t/acre
resulted in the death of all tomato transplants and
no weed growth. With 60t/acre a 45 percent
morality and consequent reduction of yield were
observed. Ashed poultry manure can definitely be
used in crop production but only in conjunction
with a soil test. (Hazcn-Iowa State)
0413 - E3
VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE AS
A FEED FOR RUMINANTS.
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park
F. F. El-Sabban, J. W. Brattler.T. A. Long, D. E.
H. Frear, and R. F. Gentry.
Journal of Animals Science, Vol 31, 1970 p 107-
111.5 tab, 16 ref.
Descriptors: 'Ruminants, 'Poultry, 'Digestion
•Diets, Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment, Nitrogen.
Animal metabolism. Livestock, Laboratory tests
Identifiers; Waste processing, Waste utilization,
Heat treated poultry waste.
Heat treated poultry waste was evaluated as a
source of nitrogen for ruminant animals. Poultry
waste was subjected to three different heat treat-
ments to produce autoclaved (APW), cooked
(CPW), and dried (DPW) products. In a sheep
metabolism trial, wethers were fed semi-purified
rations in which nitrogen was supplied by APW,
CPW, or Soybean meal. Digestibility coefficients
for dry matter and energy were not significantly dif-
ferent among rations, but that of protein was sig-
nificantly higher for the ration containing soybean
meal (control) than of the ration containing APW.
Urinary energy was significantly higher for the con-
trol ration than for the rations containing APW or
CPW. Fecal nitrogen was significantly lower for the
control ration than for the rations containing
poultry waste products, no other significant dif-
ferences were found. Twenty-five angus steers, di-
vided into four groups, were used in a 134-day
feeding trial, steers were fed finishing rations in
which all supplemental nitrogen was provided by
soybean meal, APW, DPW, or urea. Rate of gain
and feed rations in which supplemental protein was
provided by soybean meal, APW or DPW. Rate.of
gain was significantly higher for steers fed a ration
containing urea than those fed the ration contain-
ing DPW. Carcass characteristics and meat ac-
ceptability were not significantly different among
steers fed the different rations. Chlorinated
hydrocarbon compounds in backfat and liver ar-
senic were found in amounts less than I PPM.
(Hazen-Iowa State)
0414 — Al, F4
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF
CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS,
Investigations Leader, Northern Plains Branch,
Tort Collins, Colorado.
F. O. Viets.
Montana State University Symposium on Agri
culturally Related Pollution, February 10, 1970,
Bozeman, Montana, pp. 11-16. 1 tab.. 3 ref.
Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, confinement pens,
cattle, feedlots, groundwaters, odors, ammonia,
dust, nitrates, air pollution, phosphorus, micro-
blal,
The concentration of a large number of cattle
into a very small space has crested our prob-
lems of offensive odors In the air, runoff capa-
ble ol polluting streams and killing fish, perco-
lation of water to the water table making it
hazardous to drink, and mountains of manure.
Per capita beef consumption In the United States
has Increased about 3.5% a year over the last
20 years. At present, about 18 million cattle are
fed annually. The pollution from runoff Is an
enormous problem In humid areas. The writer
feels that adequate and economical solutions
are not in sight, and that the economics of pol-
lution control may force the cattle feeding In-
dustry into drier areas, even if grain must be
haujled from the wetter grain producing areas.
Air pollution from cattle feedlots Includes odors,
dust, and ammon'a. Of these, only dust is Ijeing
controlled to any great extent. Dust can be con-
trolled to some degree by sprinklers. As to deep
percolation, very little Is known. However, ni-
trates in groundwaters in Missouri have been
attributed to corrals. Other Instances where
wells are located close to feedlots, the water
from the wells are unsuitable for drinking. It
cannot be said that feedlots are polluting the
water table with nitrates; however, the water
under teedlots had an offensive odor and was
enriched In ammonium and soluble organic and
Phosphorus compounds. (Bandy - 1SU).
0415 - AS, D2
TURNING WASTES INTO PROFITS,
Earl D. Anderson.
Farm Quarterly. Vol 25. No 6, Nov-Dcc 1970 o
48-85. 1 fig. ' P
Descriptors: 'Waste treatment. 'Drying Poultry
Odor, Waste storage.
243
-------
Identifier!: Waste drying pit, Odor control, * Waste
reuse.
The manure drying pit is a new concept in on-farm
conversion or wastes to salable products. In the pit,
circulating Tans subject droppings to a continuous
flow of drying air at an average velocity of SCO feet
per minute. Also, the accumulated droppings are
stirred and exposed to the drying air by a winch-
drawn spike-toot- harrow. Periodically, the
droppings arc removed by means of a hinged
clcanout board attached to the harrow. The parti-
cally dried manure can be stored indefinitely
without developing an odor and without taking up
moisture from the surrounding air. Controlling
odors in the house provides a better environment
for the birds and the attendants. (Hazen-lowa
State)
0416 - A3, A9, C2, C4, E2
A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS
WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE
SYSTEM OF APPLYING CATTLE SLURRY
PASTURE,
Agricultural Research Council, Compton (En-
gland). Inst. for Research on Animal Diseases.
J. Deans Rankin, and R. J. Taylor.
The Veterinary Record, Vol 85, November 22
1969, p 578-581.3 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soil-borne diseases,
•Slurries, Dairy cows. Waste water disposal, Soil
contamination. Water pollution sources. Public
health. Pollutant identification.
Identifiers: Bacterial survival.
Physical and bacteriological examinations of 16
samples of cattle 'slurry' have been carried out. On
three occasions potentially pathogenic bacteria
were isolated, namely, one strain of Salmonella
dublin and two strains of haemolytic Escherichia
coli. Five strains of potentially pathogenic bacteria
survived for 11 to 12 weeks in slurry, although
none of them appeared to multiply. The system of
slurry disposal on pasture and its implications are
discussed. (Hazen-lowa State)
izers materially reduces the concentration of
phosphorus in runoff waters as compared to shal-
low incorporation. Phosphorus concentrations in
several lake* and streams are shown, (McCann-
BatteUe)
0417 - A2, C3
ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER,
Agricultural Research Service, Morris, Minn.
North Central Soil Conservation Research Center
Robert F. Holt, Donald R. Timmons, and Joseph J.
Latterell.
Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol
18, No 5, p 781-784,1970.1 tab, 37 ref.
Descriptors: 'Phosphates, 'Path of pollutants,
•Eutrophication, 'Leaching nutrients, Fertilizers,
Precipitation (Atmospheric), Runoff, Animal
wastes. Surface waters, Soil erosion. Nutrients, Al-
gae, Lake Superior, Water Pollution sources, Min-
nesota, Washington, Connecticut
Identifiers: Illinois River, St. Louis River, Black
River (Minnesota), Lake Washington (Washing-
ton), Linsley Pond (Connecticut), Lake Zoar
(Connecticut), Lake Minnetonka (Minnesota), Big
Stone Lake (Minnesota), Lake Crystal (Min-
nesota).
Natural and agricultural sources of phosphorus to
surface waters include percipitatkm, animal wastes,
fertilizers, and land runoff, the actual contribution
from these sources is shown to be quite low. How-
ever, the concentration of phosphorus required to
support profuse algal blooms is so low that the
limited amounts supplied are sufficient to exceed
this requirement Eroded soil delivers appreciable
amounts of phosphorus to surface waters, but the
soil materials capacity to sorb phosphorus results in
little tendency tor release of this source into the
water. Bottom sediments appear to be a sink for
dissolved orthophosphate that is supplied to sur-
face waters. Leaching of vegetation can supply
relatively large amounts of phosphorus to lakes and
streams. Deep incorporation or phosphatic fertil-
0418 — C5, E3
ENRICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE
FOR FEED BY ANAEROBIC FER-
MENTATION,
Auburn University.
J. D. Moore, W. B, Anthony.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 30. 1970, pp. 324.
Descriptors: 'Waste identification, Farm wastes,
Cattle, Toxidty, Amlno Ados, Feeds, Proteins,
nitrogen.
Identifiers: 'Organic Add Synthesis, Toxidty
trials.
It was determined that by fermenting cattle
manure under anaerobic conditions organic add
synthesis occurred and the pH of the fresh
manure dropped from 6.25 within 1644 hours
when Incubated at 37*C. By adjusting pH with
ammonia once every 24 hours for 3 days, the
apparent crude protein level as determined by
KJeldahl Nitrogen analysis, Increased from
16.99% to 43.26%. There was a net Increase in
amlne adds greater than 20%. Organic adds
(%DM> were acetic add, 7.20; proplonic add
1:27; butyric add, 1.34%, valeric add, 0.11;
and eactic add, 16.83%. From palatablllty tests
with lambs, rations containing either manure or
ammonium lactate were equal. In toxldty trials
using sheep, ammonium acetate was more toxic
than urea. Dosages were made Isonltrogenous
with urea at the level of 0.88 urea/kg body
weight, (Hazen • ISU).
0419 — A8, C5, D4, E3
DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE
BY DIPTERA,
Colorado State University, Department of Avian
Science, Fort Collins.
B. F. Miller. J. H. Shaw.
Poultry Science, Vol. 48, No. S, pp, 1844-1845,
1969.
Descriptors: 'Diptera, Farm wastes. Poultry.
Waste treatment. Waste disposal.
Identifiers: "Musca domestic, Musdna Stabulans.
Five spedes of Diptera were tested for their
ability to properly grow, develop, and reproduce
in fresh poWtry manure. Musca domestic* and
Musclni stabuUni were the two spedes found
to be the most promising. Musca, with Its high
biological potential, effectively reduces poultry
manure to a more stable product. This spedes
will develop from egg to pupa in five to six
days at 37'C. The larvae may be harvested by
spreading the manure thinly on a screen under
an intense light source. Because they are photo-
negative they will crawl through the screen
permitting collection below, If they are permitted
to develop to the pupa stage, the pupa can be
separated from the manure residue by flotation.
These larvae removed about 80% of the organic
matter from fresh poultry manure In five to six
days. The moisture content was reduced from
75 to 50% simultaneously. About 25 to 30 grams
of larvae was produced from each kilogram oi
fresh poultry manure. (Hazen • ISU).
0420 - C4
SOME EFFECTS OF ORGANIC WASTES ON
AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED
HABITATS,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, Dept. of En-
tomology., and Louisiana State Univ., Baton
Rouge. Dept of Microbiology.
C. D. Stcelman, and A. R. Cornier.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America.
Vol 63, No 2, p 397-400,1970.3 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: •'Water pollution effects, 'Organic
wastes, 'Aquatic insects. Habitats, Impounded
waters, Coliforms, Mosquitoes, Lagoons, Indica-
tors, Livestock, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Swine, Lagoon studies, Culex pipiens
quinquefasciatus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia
freundii, Escherichia intermedia, Aerobacter
aerpgenei, Coptotomus, Hydrous triangularis,
Chironomus plumosus, Chaoborus, Brachydeutera,
Musca domcstica, Psychoda, Hermetia illucens,
Stratiomys. Eristalis aeneus, Tabanus, Odonata.
The relative effects of organic waste pollution on
the aquatic insect fauna of a freshly dug livestock
waste disposal lagoon was studied. Introduction of
organic waste material from swine pens into im-
pounded aquatic habitat caused suppression of cer-
tain insect species. Decreases in aquatic insect
fauna paralleled the increase in the organic waste
concentration determined by changes in the num-
bers of coliforrn bacteria. The southern house
mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say,
began laying eggs in the lagoon when coliform
counts approximated 7000 organisms per rnilliliter
of lagoon water. Water suspensions of pure cul-
tures of coliforms Escherichia coli, E freundii, and
E intermedia were found to be more attractive as
oviposition sites (or C p quinquefasciatus than
water suspensions of Aerobacter aerogenes or
sterile water. The change in insect fauna in the new
lagoon during the 2-1/2 years' study was con-
sidered to be directly related to the change in the
organic waste pollution of the water. The data ob-
tained indicate the possibility of using aquatic in-
sects as biological indicators of water quality.
(Jones-Wisconsin)
0421 - E3
EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS AND
MITE PREDATION ON CORN ROOTWORM
POPULATIONS IN MINNESOTA,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dcpt. of Entomology
Fisheries and Wildlife.
H. C. Chiang.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 64 No 3
June 1970, p 934-936. 3 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Mites. 'Disposal. 'Prcdation. Farm
wastes. Laboratory tests, Soil treatment, Soil analy-
sis. Soil tests. Population, Corn (Field). Distribu-
tion patterns. Water pollution effects.
Identifiers: 'Corn rootworms, 'Predaceous mites.
Manure application. Soil test plots.
Manure was applied in corn plots in 1967 at the
rate of 50 tons per acre. The northern and western
corn rootworms, Diabrotica longicomia (Say), and
D. virgjfcra LcConte, populations in these plots
were reduced to about half the level of those in the
check plots. Quantitative observations of the
prcdaccous arthropods in the manured and the
check plots showed that the total populations of
ground beetles and spiders were not changed
because of the manure application. However, the
populations of mites, both prcdaccous and non-
predaccous. were 3 or more times as high in the
manured as in the check plots. On the basis of the
vertical distribution of these mites and of corn root-
worms, It was concluded that the prcdaccous mites
could be feeding on corn rootworms. The data sug-
gested thut predation by mites accounted for •
19.7% control of corn rootworms under natural
field conditions und a 63.0% control when manure
was applied in the field. (Hazcn-lowa State)
0422 - C2, C3. E3
PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT
HULL ANp WOOD SHAVING POULTRY LIT-
TERS,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ
Blacksburg. '
Asok Nath Bhattacharya, and J. P. Fontenot
Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 25, p 367-371
1966,5 tab, 20 ref. P '
Descriptors: 'Feeds, 'Peanuts, Diets, Animal
metabolism. Digestion, 'Farm wastes. Wood
wastes. Proteins, Metabolism, Amino acids
E44
-------
•Waste disposal.
Identifiers: Total digestible nutrient, Digestive
coefficients, Hulls, Shavings, Litter, Chemical
composition, Feeding trials.
Three digestion and metabolism trials were con-
ducted with 10 yearling wethers to study the
protein and energy value of autoclaved peanut hull
and wood shaving broiler litters, when each was
incorporated at levels of 25 and 50% in a corn-hay
basal ration. Apparent digestibility of crude
protein was not significantly different among ra-
tions. Crude fiber digestibility of the litter rations
was higher (P < .01) than that of the control ration.
Dry matter, NFE and energy digestibility were
lower (P < .01) when the litter level in the ration
was increased from 25 to 50%. (Hazen-Iowa State)
0423 - F4
2ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansai City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
June 1969. 256 p, 59 tab. 33 fig. 80 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships, Legislation, 'Water quality. Pollutant
identification. Disposal, Runoff, Grants, Cattle,
Land use. Fertilizers, Management, Economics,
Nutrients, Storage, Pollution abatement, Eutrophi-
cation. Design data, Erosion.
Identifiers: Feedlot wastes. Pollution potential.
Nitrate movement, FWPCA, Population
equivalents. Processing, Feedlot size, Feedlot ru-
noff. Basin-wide planning.
Twelve papers were presented at the meeting.
Major emphasis was placed on cattle feedlot pollu-
tion potential. Various aspects of the pollution
caused by animal waste were discussed. Sources of
pollutants and effects on water quality were
emphasized. History and characteristics of animal
waste pollution were discussed. Methods for
minimizing pollution and the economics of disposal
were considered. (Christenbury-IowaState)
• A MAJOR WATER
0424 - A2, A4, F3
ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF • A R
QUALITY CHALLENGE,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City. Mo.
A. V. Resnik, and Rademacher.
In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969, Paper No l.21p,26ref.
Descriptors: "Runoff, Farm watte. Legal aspects.
Eutrophication, Groundwatcr, Water quality.
Biochemical oxygen demand. Pollutant identifica-
tion. Water pollution control.
Identifiers. Feedlot runoff. Population equivalents,
Pollution potential.
An overview is presented of the causes and effects
of animal waste pollution on water quality. The ex-
tent of the problem as well ai the effects on surface
and ground waters are Ulustratcd with research
data. The present status of legislation in regulatory
control of pollution is discussed. Measures to
strengthen present regulations arc proposed,
(Christcnbury-lowa State)
0425 - A2, C5
ANIMAL WASTES-A MAJOR POLLUTION
PROBLEM,
low* Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R. R. Dogne.
In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Mtnagc-
mc.it. June 1969. Paper No 2. Up.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Biochemical oxygen
demand. Chemical oxygen demand. Hogs, Cattle,
Iowa. Runoff, Disposal, Management, Rainfall-ru-
noff relationships, Retention, Water pollution con-
Identifiers: 'Livestock wastes, •Characteristics,
•Fcedlots runoff. Population equivalents. Swine,
Site selection. Trends, Animal stocking rates.
The water pollution potential of livestock wastes is
discussed. The characteristics of animal wastes are
discussed. The major source of water pollution
from livestock is open feedlots. The control funda-
mentals that apply to open feedlots are discussed
Feeding facilities must be designed and operated
not only to optimize meat production but also to
minimize pollution. (Chri.tenbury.Iowa State)
0426 - A2, A4, Bl. F2
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT
WASTE MANAGEMENT, «•*•«*«
Kansas State Dept. of Health. Topeka. Environ-
mental Health Service*.
M. W. Gray.
In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969, Paper No 3. 38 p, 14 tab.
Descriptors: 'Legal aspects. Public health,
•Legislation, 'FUhkill, 'Rainfall-runoff relation-
ships. Farm wastes. Aquatic life. Water supply.
Recreation. Management. Biochemical oxygen de-
mand. Dissolved oxygen. Regulation, Cattle, Odor,
Retention, Kansas, Water pollution control. Water
pollution effects.
Identifiers: 'Waste characteristics. *Feedlot ru-
noff. Pollution potential. SHUD, Health aspects
Nuisances, Pollution control, Retention ponds,
the legal arid environmental implications of pollu-
tion from cattle teedlots is discussed. A table is in-
cluded that summarizes the fish kills that have been
attributed to feedlot runoff In Kansas. Chapter 28,
Article 18, of the Kansas State Board of Health
Regulations is included. The author discusses
methods for minimizing pollution of surface and
groundwater from feedlots.
(Christenbury-lbwa State)
0427 - E2
MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEEDLOT
WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL
PROCESS,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Water Resources
Research Center.
G. E. Smith.
In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969, Paper No 4. 8 p.
Descriptors: "Management, 'Farm waste,
•Disposal, 'Land use, Cattle. Fertilizers, Costs
nutrients, Waste disposal, Water pollution control.
Identifiers: Nutrient removal, Application rate.
Disposal of animal waste onto land is effective and
can increase crop yields. Attention must be given
to the condition of the waste and supplemental
nutrients added to insure a balanced fertilizer pro-
gram. Cost of land disposal may exceed returns in
terms of crop response, however land disposal can
minimize animal waste disposal costs.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0428 - A2, F4
DESIGN FOR FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE.
MENT - HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
R. I. tipper.
In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969, Paper No 6.9 p. 4 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. •R«inf»ll-runoff rela-
tions. 'Pollution abatement. Biochemical oxygen
demand, Runoff, Nutrients, Dissolved oxygen. Soil
structure. Irrigation, Nitrogen, Detention reser-
voirs. Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Fccdlots, Pollution potential, Kjeldahl
nitrogen.
The purpose is to illustrate the value of the cattle
feeding industry to the Mate of Kansas; to relate its
growth in the state to the emergence of a water pol-
lution problem; and to make an attempt to describe
the nature and magnitude of the problem in the
best perspective that can be achieved at this time.
Large-scale cattle feeding is a growth industry
suited to Kansas resources and one that the state
can ill afford to ignore. Efficient livestock produc-
tion methods have given rise to water pollution
problems. Pollutant concentration is approximately
twice as great from a concrete lot as from an unsur-
faced lot. Data is presented to evaluate the pollu-
tion potential of feedlot runoff.
(Christenbury-Iowa State)
0429 - A2, A3, A4, B1L C3
CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO
WATER POLLUTION,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Water Resources
Research Center.
O.E. Smith.
In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969. Paper No. 7, 16 p, 7 tab. 5 fig, 24
ref. PHS-FWPCA-USD1 - WP00533.
Descriptors: * Eutrophication, Fertilizers, Farm
wastes. Nutrients, Denitrification, Nitrification,
Ammonification, Leaching, Erosion, Nitrogen. Ru-
noff, Water pollution control, Groundwater, Septic
tanks. Management.
Identifiers: *Mcthemoglobin, Nitrate movement,
Feedlots, Residual accumulation. Soil cores.
Without chemical soil amendments the United
States would be a food importing nation. Despite
liberal fertilizer use. crops are removing more
nitrogen and minerals than are being added in soil
amendments. Many shallow wells in Missouri are
contaminated with nitrates as a result of leaching
from livestock feeding operations. The nitoate is
not associated with losses from fertilized farm fields
in most cases. There is little question that some of
the nutrients applied in chemical fertilizers are
moving into both surface and ground water, the
percentage is thought to be relatively small. It is
possible that nutrient losses may be less where good
fertilization practices are followed than on unfertil-
ized soils. (Iowa State)
0430 - A2, Cl
CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER QUALITY
HYDROLOGY,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
T. E. Norton, and R. W. Hamen.
In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment. June 1969, Paper No. 8, 26 p, 14 fig, 2 tab,
13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-Runoff relationships,
•Liquid wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand,
Farm wastes, Dissolved solids, Hydrogen ion con-
centration. Alkalinity, Equipment. Simulated rain-
fall. Hydrology, Hydrographs, Rainfall intensity.
Overland flow. Design data, Conductivity. Model
studies. Water pollution control.
Identifiers: • Feedlot wastes. Pollution potential,
Fccdlots, Prediction method, Procedure.
Runoff wastewatcr from cattle feedlots is con-
sidered; the overall objective was to determine if
the hydrology characteristics could be correlated
with the quality characteristics through a modifica-
tion of the flat plate model of overland flow. The
results of the correlation could then be used to pre-
dict the quantity and quality of the runoff from ex-
isting feedlots. The data demonstrated the fact that
the prediction method proposed requires ex-
trapolation of data beyond the observed values.
Therefore, additional information obtained from
245
-------
itudici of runoff from full-wok feedtots would be
advisable in determining the validity at this ex-
trapolation. (Chrislcnbury-ISU)
0431 - F4
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION
CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City, Mo.
Walter F.Robohn.
In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969, Paper No. 9.16 p.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, • Erosion, * Water pol-
lution sources, 'Pollution abatement. Runoff, Pol-
lutants, Sediment, Livestock, Legal aspects.
Legislation, Sugar beets. Farm lagoons, Fertilizers,
Salts, Irrigation, Ground water, Pollution identifi-
cation. Tailwater, Water pollution effects. Water
quality control.
Identifiers: "Population equivalents, Feedlots,
Slaughter, Processing.
This paper discusses the magnitude of the water
pollution abatement problem facing agriculture.
The major acitivity which is contributing to water
pollution is discussed. Sediment derived from land
erosion constitutes by far the greatest mass of all
the waste material arising from agriculture. The
fundamentals of pollution of interest to agriculture
are discussed. The control of pollution from
agricultural sources is severly handicapped by lack
of knowledge. It will take the combined efforts of
engineers, waste treatment plant operators, city of-
ficials, agricultural people and citizens in general to
solve the great national problem of water pollution.
(lowaState)
0432 - Fl, F2
AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF WATER
POLLUTION,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Charlottesville, Va. Middle Atlantic Region.
Eugene T. Jensen.
In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969, Paper No. 10,11 p.
Descriptors: 'Legislation, 'Grants, Farm wastes.
Nutrients, Sediment, Chemicals, Livestock, Water
quality control, Pollution abatement. Federal
Government, Disposal, Research and development.
Identifiers: 'FWPCA, Basin-wide planning.
Various aspects of water pollution are discussed,
including sources, types of pollutants, and methods
of pollution abatement. The role that the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration plays in
pollution control is discussed. Research grants and
contracts are awarded to support basic and applied
research projects relating to the causes control, and
prevention of water pollution. The need for clean
and usuable water demands that we build the cost
of clean water into all our operations.
(Iowa State)
0433 - A2, A3, Bl
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER
QUALITY,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Evansvillc, Ind. Lower Ohio Basin Office.
T. R. Smith.
In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment, June 1969, Paper No. 11,11 p, 9 ref.
Descriptors: Water quality control, 'Nutrients,
•Pesticides, Farm wastes. Silt, Erosion, Sedimenta-
tion. Runoff, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Al-
gae. Livestock. Water pollution effects.
Identifiers: Feedlots, Wabash River Basin.
The main sources of agricultural associated water
pollution in humid regions are: (I) silt from soil
erosion; (2) fertilizers, mainly phosphorus and
nitrogen compounds (3) pesticides; and (4) or-
ganic wastes from fcedlots. In arid region. Irriga-
tion return flows are a problem. This paper
discusses the effect of each of these sources can
have on water quality and suggests some prcvcnla-
tive measures. It is necessary that agriculturalists
plan to control pollutional effects on their activity.
(Christenbury-lSU)
0434 - A2, Bl, D2, E2
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CON-
TROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS,
Texas Tccnotogkal Coll., Lubbock. Dept of
Agricultural Economics.
T. R. Owens, and Wade L. Griffin.
In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage-
ment. June 1969, Paper No. 12,62 p, 31 tab. 2 Rg,
8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Economic feasibility, Rainfall-runoff
'relationships, *DbposaI, 'Cost comparisons.
Economics of Scalo, Farm wastes. Runoff, Design
criteria. Legal aspects, Costs, Biochemical oxygen
demand. Evaporation, Model studies, Hydrologies!
data. Equipment, Detention reservoirs. Odor,
Systems analysis, Oroundwater, Seepage, 'Water
pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Fcedlot size, Playa lake disposal, Open
field disposal. Overflows, Feedlot runoff.
The economic feasibility of various methods for
controlling or disposing of feedtot runoff is deter-
mined. The various design criteria were applied to
three different sizes of model feedlott: (I) 3000
head, (2) 10,000 head, and (3) 25,000 head. The
approach to the problem of water pollution from
feedkrts used here involved control of runoff by
establishing collection basins and subsequently
discharging the runoff to one of two disposal areas
or alternatively to hold the collected runoff until
natural evaporation emptied the system. In general,
evaporative discharge systems were considered in-
ferior to their mechanical counterparts because of
the lower degree of protection provided and the
rather extensive land requirements for construction
of the collection basin. (Iowa-State)
0435 - Al, F4
FHF. MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE
FEEDLOT POLLUTION,
Frank G. Viets. Jr.
Agricultural Science Review, Vol V, No I, First
Quarter 1971, p I-S. 2 rigs, 2 tub, 13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Waste clumps. I arm
wastes. Solid wastes. Air pollution, RunolV. Water
pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Fecdlot pollution. Solid waste
disposal. Soil pollution.
Steadily increasing demands for well-finished beef
und the apparent profitability of large integrated
feeding und slaughtering operations indicate that
feed lots will grow larger und not smaller. Cattle
feeding is moving from a small farm enterprise
toward an agricultural industry, This results in a
large concent ration of wastes on a small area. Mont
large operators arc making an effort to comply with
water and air pollution regulations. Because stream
and lake pollution from runoff is now prohibited,
engineers arc challenged to design facilities that
minimi/c runoff r.r dispose of it economically and.
hopefully, beneficially. Runoff control is much
more difficult in humid climates than in drier ones.
Underground water pollution appears to be mostly
u local phenomenon. Most of the unsolved
problems lie in the air pollution area. Offensive
odor and their control still await thorough applica-
tion of microbiological und chemical research.
Manure can he disposed of und used us a resource
if only u small portion of the land needed to
produce the feed is available for manure disposal.
/lining appears to IK- one of the best solutions to
I he fccdlot problem. (Ha/en-Iowa State)
0436 - A6, Cl, C2
POULTRY DUST: ORIGIN AND COMPOSI-
TION,
Auburn Univ.. Ala. Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion.
J. Koon, J. R. Howes. W. Grub, and C. A. Rollo.
Agricultural Engineering, Vol 44. No II
November, 1963 p. 608-609.4 fig.
Descriptors 'Dusts, 'Farm wastes. Poultry, En-
vironmental effects.
Identifiers: Environmental control. Dust composi-
jtion.
Dull is a major problem in poultry environmental
control as it impairs the operational efficiency of
equipment to u degree that its use becomes imprac-
tical. A study wut made to determine the composi-
tion of poultry dust and to establish the effects of
temperature on the dust produced. Slngk comb
H3W white Leghorn laying hens were exposed to
constant temperatures of SO, 60,70, 80,90. I OOF.
Broiler tests were conducted using vantress male
cross No. 50 arbor acres female Whiterock chicks.
Qualitative and quantitative dust samples were ob-
tained and tested. The dust from laying hen* con-
tained approximately 92% dry matter,, of which
60% wai crude protein. Fat analysis was 9%, cellu-
lose 4%. The remainder of the dry matter was ash
and hydrocarbons. The broiler dust was lower in fat
and higher in protein. Birds raised on litter have a
decline in dust production at 90F. Relative humidi-
ty for all environmental chambers was 60%.
(Hazen-Iowa Stale)
0437 - Cl
PROPERTIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA,
E. P. Taiganidcs, and T. E. Hazen.
ASAE Paper No. 64-315. Transactions of the
american society of agricultural engineers. Vol. 9,
p 374-376, 1966. 6 tab, 13 ref. Iowa Agricultural
and Home Economics Experiment Station Project
1433.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Physical properties,
•Chemical properties. Biochemical oxygen de-
mand. Chemical oxygen demand,' Livestock,
Disposal, Gases, Odor, Blodegradation, Fertilizers,
Value, Nutrients, Pollutant identification.
Identifiers: Population equivalents, Handling.
Data on the most important of the physical, chemi-
cal, and biological properties of poultry swine and
cattle excreta have been reported, analyzed and
discussed as to their value in the design of manure
treatment facilities. The distinction is made
between sewage and manure. Feed influences the
quantity of waste and Its chemical composition.
Little work has been done recently to determine
the physical properties of animals wastes. The daily
production of manure from farm animals varies
considerably, The questions Is raised if it pays to
collect and use animals manures as fertilizer. The
availability of manure handling devices and
disposal problem of wastes Indicates justification of
application to soils, Poultry manure has highest fer-
tilizer value, swine is next. The biochemical oxygen
(BOD) test in used to determine pollutional
strength of an organic waste in terms of the oxygen
demand that the waste will exert on a water body if
discharged into anatural watercourse in which
aerobic conditions must be maintained. The chemi.
cal oxygen demand (COD) test Is also used as an"
index of strength of waste. A comparison is made of
BOD and COD production mean values for man,
hens, swine, and cattle. There is a lack of informa-
tion on the composition of the gases, and on the
control of odors produced as a result of the uncon-
trolled biological degradation of manures. (Hazen-
Iowa State)
246
-------
0438 - Bl
Still. CHKMICAI. CHANGES AND INFILTRA-
TION RATK KKDUrTION UNDER SRWAUK
SPKKADINC.
Ki.hcrl A. Tuft Similar) (engineering Center, Cin-
cinnati. Ohitt.
R.I-:. Thomas. W. A. Schwartz. iind 'I. W.
llcndixcn.
Soil Science Society of America Proceedings. Vo!
3(1, 1 yftft, p 64 1 -C)4n. 1 1 fig, ,1 tab. I K ref.
Descriptors: 'Infiltration. 'l.ysimctcis. Waste
water treatment, Waste water disposal. Pcrmca-
liiin, Chemical oxygen demand. Anaerobic condi-
tions. Biochemical oxygen demand. Aerobic condi-
tions. Disposal, Laboratory tests.
Identifiers: •Soil-pore clogging. Applied sewage ef-
fects. Microbiul activity, Infiltration rule.
Laboratory and Held lysimeti-rs were used to in-
vestigate the situ »nd nature of soil-pore clogging
under sewage spreading I he site of clogging wax
located by determining with a seepage meter the
impedance profile at U.S-cm depth intervals. Soil
samples were analy/cd Cor siilfidti. iron, phosphate,
total organic matter, polvxaccharidc and polyuro-
nidc ti> evaluate poiuiihlc causative relationships.
The infiltration rate loss exhibited three phases:
Phase I. u klow reduction under aerobic conditions;
Phase II, a rapid reduction under anaerobic condi-
tions: and Phase III. 11 further gradual decline under
anaerobic coiuliiions. I he primary site of clogging
wax the 0-1 -em depth of noil. Although Mill'klc wus
an indicator of anaerobic conditions it was not a
primary cause of clogging. Accumulation* of the
other five measured constituents may contribute to
clogging in both Phase I and Phase II. Organic
matter was the only probable clogging agent to
decline an Vie infiltration rate was partially
recovered in a rest cycle. ( I la/en-Iowa State )
0439 - C4, D4
THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN
BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER,
'•UJinburgh Univ. (Scotland). School of Agricul-
ture; and F.dinbuigh Univ. (Scotland). Dc.pt. of
Bacteriology.
Henrietta K. Schcfferlc.
Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol 2X. No 3.
1965. p. 4 1 2-420. I tub. 6 ref.
Descriptor*: 'harm waste*. 'Decomposing organic
matter, 'Bacteria. Poultry, Aeorbk bacteria.
Nitrogen, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: *Uric acid decomposition, Corynuform
bacteria, Urcasc activity. Ammonia formation.
The decomposition of uric acid in built up poultry
litter appears to he brought about almost exclusive-
ly by the action of aerobic bacteria. Organism*
decomposing uric acid usually comprised about
one quarter of the bacterial population. There were
(trains of cnryne bacterium mid less frequently
strains of NOCARDIA. SIRICPTOMYCF.S. PSRU-
DOMONAS. AUCAI.KJl.NF.S, ami
ACHROMOBAl'TliR. Uric acid was converted to
ammonia b) MIIIIC nfthe organ!.* mx hut only to urea
by the majority. liydrnljsh tit uren to ammnnia
could be brought about h> strains of coryncbaclcri-
um, M ierococciis. Alcaliginen, Achromoh'nctcr,
nnd cylophaga which had no action on uric acid. It
is suggested that the iinimoniacal smell and high al-
kalinity of built up poultry litter result largely from
the decomposition of uric acid. The identity of the
bacteria concerned is discussed. (Hazen-lowa
State)
0440 - F2
LEGAL ASPECTS PERTAINING TO ENVIRON-
MENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK PRODUC-
TION,
Missouri Univ.. Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural
Economic*.
Donald R.Levi.
American Pork Congress - Proceeding*. Environ-
mental Quality Workshop. DC. Molne*. Iowa. Mar
3( 1971, p 103-111,
Dctcriptor*: •Farm wattes. "Legal aspects. Water
pollution. Air pollution, Public right*. Regulation,
Judicial decisions. Damage*. Zoning. Permit.,
Maintenance, Water pollution control.
Identifier*: Public regulation, Private regulation.
Nuisance*, Legal principle.. Lawsuits, Liability.
Actual damages. Punitive damages, Site selection.
Public and private regulation of both air and water
pollution is provided by pollution boards or com-
mh*ion» and through nuisance laws. Two lawsuits
are discussed so that the legal principle* involved
might help determine what courses of action will
help avoid such situations. In a nuisance law case
the complaining party may ask for (I) an injunc-
tion. (2) damages (either actual or punitive), or (3)
both an injunction and damages. The nuisances in-
volved may be either public or private. A plaintiff
may have a better chance if the rights of the public
are being affected. Methods of avoiding lawsuits in-
clude the use of zoning, site selection, licensing
proper maintenance, adequate facilities, and being
a'good neighbor* (White-Iowa State)
0441 - C3
METHODS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR
CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF CHROMIC
OXIDE IN ROVINE FECES,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Animal
Science.
P. R. Utley, N. W. Bradley, and J. A. Boling.
Journal of Dairy Science, Vol 54, No 7, p 1091-
1093. July 1971.1 tab. Href.
Descriptor*: 'Animal waste, 'Chromium,
'Nutrient, Chemical analysis. Laboratory, Indica-
tor*, Diurnal, Digeition, Suti.tical method. Time
*erie> analyii*. Diet.
Identifier.: 'Corn-urea diet, Blender, Chromium
oxide, Feces, Fecal recovery, Ground corn.
Fecal samples were prepared by four different
method* to observe the variation and per cent
recovery of added chromic oxide with each
method. Variation was greatest in the sample*
dried and ground with a Wiley mill and those
homogenized and analyzed wet. The standard er-
ror* of the sample* dried and ground with a hand
grinder and those homogenized and analyzed dry
were lower than those of the other two groups of
camples. The average per cent recovery ranged
from a low of 98.8% (homogenized, analyzed wet)
to a high of 100.2% (homogenized, analyzed dry).
The variation in chromic oxide concentration
tended to be greater in samples containing the
highe.t per cent moisture at time of analysis. (Bun-
dy-lowa State)
0442 - AS, B2, Fl
CAN LIME AND CHLORINE SUPPRESS
ODORS IN LIQUID HOG MANURE,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering,
C. W. Ham
_. W. Hammond, D. L. Day, and E. L. Hansen.
Agricultural Engineering. Vol 49, No 6, p 340-343,
June 1968.4 fig. g lab.
Descriptors: 'Lagoons, 'Anaerobic bacteria,
•Chlorination, 'Hydrated lime. Sand filler., Mosi-
ture content, Biochemical oxidation demand.
Chemical oxidation demand, Swine-, Air circula-
tion. Organic waile. Evaporation, Hydrogen ion
concentration, Odor.
Identifier*: 'Hog confinement building, Slatted
floors. Experimental farm. Liquid hog manure.
Liquid manure collected in pits beneath self-clean-
ing slatted floors support* anaerobic bacteria that
produce objectionable gate* and odor* in the hog
confinement building. Studies were instituted to
check the use of lime and chlorine for preventing
the production of these odors. The studies in-
dicated that hydrated lime reduced the production
of hydrogen sulfide, but to a lesser extent than the
chlorine. It did not prevent the liberation of am-
monia. The hydrated lime required to maintain the
desired pH would cost $0.62 per hog for 6 months
at $2.20 per 100 Ib. Chlorine treatment is an effec-
tive deterrent of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide,
methane and carbon dioxide. The cost of adding
enough chlorine to fill the chlorine demand is
about $6.40 per hog for 6 months, based on a cost
of JO.54 per gal. for the sodium hypochlorite.
Chlorine and lime were also effective in controlling
maggots and rodents in the building. Chlorine
seemed most effective. Sand-bed filtering was also
found effective in trapping solids and organic
matter. Fewer than 5 per cent of the solids
penetrated the sand to any significant depth, the
large.! portion being left on surface. (Brundy-lowa
State)
0443 - C4, D4
SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS,
Nebraska State Dept. of Health. Lincoln. Div. of
Environmental Engineering.
O. Sletten, and R. H. Singer.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
43, No 10, October 1971, p 2118-2122. 27 ref.
Descriptors: 'Lagoons, 'Sulfur bacteria. 'Pig-
ments, Oxidation lagoons. Farm wastes. Aerobic
conditions. Anaerobic digestion, Anaerobic bac-
teria. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Red pigmentation, Thiorhodaceae.
Widespread investigations demonstrate that vari-
ous genera of photosynthctic sulfur bacteria of the
family Thiorhodaceae are usually responsible for
red pigmentation in anaerobic caste stabilization
lagoon*. A number of these genera display only
' .light difference, in morphology. Further tax-
onomic study may reveal that such differences
represent nothing more than environmental reac-
tion* of a single genus. From observation* and ex-
perience relating to the photosynthetic sulfur bac-
teria, the author* concur with other investigators
on the possible practical role of these organisms in
anaerobic waste lagoon*. If the organisms arc not
naturally present in the lagoon, it ha. been recom-
mended that they be introduced into it by massive
.inoculation. Their practical value lies in their
potential ability to destroy reduced sulfur com-
pounds and eliminate or reduce offensive odors
(Parker-Iowa State)
0444 - A2, C4
PROLONGED SALMONELLA CONTAMINA-
TION OF A RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RU-
NOFF WATERS,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison; Medical School
Wisconsin State Lab. Hygiene. Madison.
D. G. Claudon, D. I. Thompson, E. H. Christenson,
G. W. Lawton, and E. C. Dick.
Applied Microbiology. May 1971, Vol 21. No 5, p
875-877. 2 tab, 11 ref. V
Descriptor*: 'Salmonella. Water pollution source*
'Recreation facilities. Runoff, Lakes. Beaches!
Sampling Bacteria, Tributaries. Streams, Bayou.
Sewage, Wisconsin.
Identifier.: 'Lake Mendota. Contamination. Wash-
water, Moore iwab, Madison (Wise).
In the summer and fall of 1968 various Salmonella
serotypes were isolated from a portion of Lake
Mendota. the major recreational lake for Madison
Wisconsin. The apparent sources of these orean-
nnu were a residential storm sewer and a Univmi-
ty of Wisconsin Experimental Farms' washwater
dram. Salmonellae were isolated with regularity
mTf* IWItmmin* beach loc«ted approximately 0.5
mile from these source*. (Parker-Iowa State)
247
-------
0445 - A2, F4
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL,
Lactose Co. of New Zealand Ltd., Kapuni.
J.M.Wood.
New Zealand Journal of Dairy Technology, Vol 4,
No 4, December 1969, p 238-242.
Descriptors: 'Dairy industry, 'Waste disposal,
•Water pollution sources, Legislation, Administra-
tion, Organic wastes, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Milk, Oxidation, Water pollution control. Water
pollution, Water temperature. Dissolved oxygen.
Identifiers: 'New Zealand, Water Pollution Act,
Effluent, Disposal
An increasing concern in the preservation of natu-
ral water resources, and their protection from pol-
lution is appearing in New Zealand even though the
problem has not reached serious proportions there.
This author has reviewed the New Zealand legisla-
tion with respect to this problem, especially the
Water and Soil Conservation Act of 1967. He also
reviews some aspects of river pollution and its
causes and effects. He finishes with a brief discus-
sion of some effluent treatment and disposal
methods, with particular reference to the dairy in-
dustry. (Parker-Iowa State)
0446 - El, F3
BASIC POINTS TO CONSIDER IN MANURE
DISPOSAL PROBLEMS,
Richard D. Chumney.
Poultry Digest, December 1970, p 608.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Waste
disposal, Regulation, Costs, Environmental effects,
Technology.
Identifiers: Recycling.
The greatest deterrent to future progress of the
U.S. poultry industry is the lack of technological
and managerial know-how for proper and efficient
disposal of poultry waste. In approaching the
problem the following points should be considered:
(1) Regulatory enforcement should not exceed the
present 'state of the art.' (2) The cost of waste
disposal must be included as a regular cost of doing
business. (3) New techniques for the recycling of
poultry waste into the soil and as feed supplements
is the best long range approach. (4) Every precau-
tion must be taken to protect our total environment
as we dispose of poultry waste. (Parker-Iowa Stale)
0447 - F4
LIVESTOCK WASTES,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J.R. Miner.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
43, No 6, June 1971, p 991-998. 60 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'W,aste disposal,
•Reviews, Waste treatment, Publications, Cases,
Odors, Soil disposal fields, Aerobic treatment,
Aeration, 'Reviews, Bibliographies.
Identifiers: 'Livestock wastes, 'Literature review,
Feedlot runoff.
This is a review nf the literature on research in the
area of livestock waste management and its in-
fluence on watei quality. Discussions include waste
treatment systems, waste characteristics, manure
handling systems, gases and odors, application of
wastes to cropland and cattle feedlot wastes. A
short review of sixty references in this area is given.
(Parker-Iowa State)
0448 - D4, E4
INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE
DISPOSAL SYSTEM,
Patel Poultry Farm, Boroda (India).
Jawahar D. Patel.
Poultry Digest, Vol 26, p 100-101, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Methane, 'Gases,
•Anaerobic digestion. Fertilizers, Odor, Tempera-
ture, Disposal, Poultry. Fuels.
Identifiers: India, Working details.
An anaerobic digester that converts poultry
manure into useful methane gas is being utilized in
India. Poultry manure gives 1.5 to 2.0 cu. ft. of gas
per pound in a short period of digestion and at a
temperature of 35 degrees C. 35.3 cu. ft. of
methane is equivalent to 2.2 kilowatt-hours of elec-
trical energy. The digested manure is a valuable
fertilizer because it supplies not only nutrients such
as nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, iron, cupper,
cobalt, maganese, calcium, magnesium, etc., in a
well-balanced proportion, but also most valuable
humus to plants for successful crop production.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0449 - Fl, F4
WASTES FROM THE POULTRY INDUSTRY,
National Agricultural Advisory Service, Guildford
(England).
C. T. Riley.
Agriculture, Vol 75, No 8, p 374-376, Aug 1968.
Descriptors: • Poultry, Reclamation, Waste
disposal. Nitrogen, Fertilizer, Protein, Moisture.
Identifiers: 'Refeeding wastes. Cage layers,
Broilers, Deep litter, Recycling.
Some waste materials normally produced by the
poultry industry are defined and their relative im-
portance is indicated. The increasing volume of
wastes produced and the economics of utilizing
these poultry wastes are discussed. (Dorland-Iowa
State)
0450 - A3, A4, C3
NITRATE AND SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND
WATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY
MANURE,
D. C. Adriano, P. F. Pratt, and S. E. Bishop.
Soil Science Society American Proceedings, Vol.
35,1971. p. 759-762, 3 fig, 3 tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution
sources, Ciroundwater, Salinity, Leaching,
Nitrogen, Ammonia, Irrigation, Pastures, Lagoon,
Application rate.
Identifiers: 'Dairy wastes, Chino-Corona Basin,
Feedlots, Well waters.
The NO3 - contents of soils and ground waters un-
derneath lands used for disposal of manures from
dairies in the Chino-Corona Basin were deter-
mined. Soil and water samples were taken from 15
holes drilled to the top of water table in sites
representing corrals, irrigated croplands, and
pastures used as disposal areas. Considerable
amounts of NO3- and salt were found in soil
profiles underneath the disposal areas, although the
magnitude was not as high as in profiles under cor-
rals. Average NO3- -N concentrations in waters
sampled from water tables were 26, 57,45, and 74
ppm for control (undisturbed), corral, cropland,
and pasture sites, respectively, exceeding the PHS
recommended limit of 10 ppm NO3- -N for safe
drinking water. Domestic well water* pumped from
deeper aquifers averaged 6 ppm of NO- -N. Con-
tributioni of NO3- -N to ground waters, as in-
dicated by deep soil samples, on a per unit area ba-
sis, tended to be: corralSpastureScropland. Existing
conditions in the study area need some modifica-
tions if acceptable quality of the ground waters is to
be maintained. (Bundy-lowa State)
0451 - A9, C4, D4
REDUCTION OF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST
IN A HOG-FATTENING FARM OXIDATION
VAT,
E. H. Kampelmacher, and L. M. Jansen.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
43, No 7, July 1971, p 1541-1545. 4 fig, 3 tab, 3
ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Oxidation ponds, Fer-
tilizer, Swine, Aerobic, Aeration, Bacteria, Ef-
fluent, •Salmonella, Samples, Confinement pens,
•Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Oxidation vats. Bacteria count. Hog-fat-
tening farm. Aerobic flora.
In recrnt years the number of large hog-fattening
farms, ulirre frequently thousands of animate are
fattened, lias increased greatly. On these farms, the
disposal or urine and fecei, which in such large
quantities can no longer be used for fertilization,
constitutes a serious problem. In order to deal with
it by means of purification, oxidation vats have
been constructed and oxidation ditches dug on
these farms. A description is given of experiment*
carried out with a small experimental oxidation vat
suitable for 160 hogs and installed on a hog-fatten-
ing farm in Wageningen by the Institute Landbouw
en Bedrijfsgebouwen. The study was performed to
determine whether bacteriological reduction in
general and elimination of Salmonella in particular
occur. The reduction of Salmonella in composts in
an experimental oxidation vat on a hog-fattening
farm was shown to be approximately 100-fold. A*
long as the excretion of Salmonella in the feces of
the hogs remain low, only small numbers of Sal-
monella bacteria will be sluiced out with the ef-
fluent, thus, the possibility of human and/or animal
infection in surface water may be regarded as very
slight. As soon as either the number of hogs or the
number of excreted bacteria, or both, increase*,
the plant can no longer adequately reduce the
number of lalmonellae to the extent that the ef-
fluent can be sluiced out into open water without
the danger of human or animal infection. There-
fore, it is recommended that adequate chlorination
of the effluent of such plants be considered. (Bun-
dy-lowa State)
0452 - A4, C3
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION,
Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science.
Robert W. Gillham, and L. R. Webber.
Water and Pollution Control, Vol 106, No 5, p 54-
57, May 1968. 5 fig. 1 tab. 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Oroundwater. 'Piezometry, 'Water
table, 'Surface-groundwater relationships, 'Water
pollution sources, Infiltration, Wastes, Hydraulic
conductivity. Subsurface drainagr, Transmistivity,
Head loss, Darcys law, Time la?., Nitrogen com-
pounds. Nitrates, Discharge measurement.
Discharge (Water), On-site data collections. Un-
derflow.
Identifiers: 'Hydraulic potential,Canada.
All inorganic salts of N are very soluble in water
and N in the nitrate form is particularly hazardous
for both humans and livestock. Barnyards and
feedlot* may be prime sources of inorganic N in
groundwater. A piezometric network was installed
radially throughout a barnyard for determination of
groundwater discharge out of the barnyard so that .
it could be correlated with the change* in the N
concentration of the water as it passed beneath the
barnyard. The active head of water in a given
piezometer was measured at different tines. Its
basic time lag, together with the geometry of the
piezometer, could be used to calculate hydraulic
conductivities from a large number of site*. These
were then used to construct a map of isopotential
lines indicating change* in hydraulic potential with
distance. A simplifying assumption was that
hydraulic potential did not vary vertically in the
water table to bedrock. Together with N measure-
ments at variou* depths to bedrock, the result*
showed that the barnyard contributed 0.00189 Ib
N/hr to the groundwater, or about 17.5 Ib N/yr.
This was considered surprisingly low, since the
manure of a single cow could produce 74 Ib N/yr.
(Casey-Arizona)
248
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0453 - A3, F3
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER QUALITY.
C. R. Frink.
Agricultural Science Review, Vol 9, No 2, Second
Quarter 1971. p 11 -25. 4 tab. 3 fig. 34 ref.
Descriptors: 'Cycling nutrient!, Water quality con-
trol, Fertilizers, 'Nutrients, Watersheds (Basins),
•Farm wastes, Surface runoff, Subsurface runoff,
Systems analysis, Farm wastes, Nitrogen, Nitrates,
Agricultural chemicals. Fertilizers, Phosphorus,
Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: 'Plant nutrients. Political units. Farm-
ing systems.
Nutrient yields to waterways were examined in
three wayt: direct measurements in watersheds,
analysis of farming systems, and calculations for
political subdivisions. Direct measurements in
watersheds have shown, for example, that agricul-
tural runoff supplied significant quantities of
nitrogen in the Potomac River Basin but was not an
important source of phosphorus. Farming systems
analysis was proposed to avoid the cost of a na-
tional water monitoring network. Such things as
various methods of fertilizer application were con-
sidered. And the possibility of sewage effluent to a
soil-crop filter rather than dilution in streams. The
calculations of nutrient sources for political units
should help us establish priorities in the expensive
process of providing clean water. We ought to
direct our efforts towards minimizing nutrient
yields from all significant sources, and ask how
much stopping the yields will cost society. The
author suggests that we abandon our preoccupa-
tion with obtaining the maximum yield per acre and
consider initead a system analysis of agricultural
practices that will maximize all benefits to society.
(Parker-Iowa State)
0454 - Al, F2, F3
SOCIAL ASPECTS OK ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallii. Air Resources
Center.
Robert M. Alexander.
Oregon Water Resources Research Institute, Cor-
vtllis. March 1971. 4» p. 31 ref. OWRR Project A-
999-ORB(l).
Descriptors: 'Social aspects, 'Resource allocation,
'Pollution abatement, 'Industrial wastes. Environ-
mental sanitation. Cost-benefit analysis, Market-
Ing, Economics, Feasibility studies. Diseconomies
of scale. Social values, Social change, Social needs,
Pollutants, Water pollution. Air pollution. Pesti-
cide toxkity, Radiation. Radioactivity effects.
Watte disposal, Pollution abatement. Judicial deck
sionl, Administrative agencies, Regulation, Per.
mitt.
The social aspects of environmental pollution
resulting from scientific and technological changes
in industry are examined. Specific side effect* stu-
died include air and water pollution, pesticide tox-
icity, and ionizing radiation. These are considered
from several economic and political viewpoints.
Social goals are broken down to determine the
degree of pollution abatement possible in view of
the costs involved. The extent to which society is
willing to bear the cost of controlling industrial pol-
lution, and who will bear these expenditures is
analyzed. The article examines the market
mechsnism, tide effects, and external cost*, con-
centrating upon the market mechanism and its role
in allocating resources. Alternative* an suggested
for dealing with the tide effects of pollution: (I) the
establishment and protection of rights by private
negotiation, (2) adversary proceeding*, measures
to •trengthen Judicial proceedings, and eourts M •
political force In fostering environmental quality
(3) regulation by licensing and permit Issuance
and (4) incentive programs baaed upon payments
or charges. The article concludes with • reassess-
ment of key social itcues In relation to a reordering
?I prio™tie,1 ** "* to flvor environmental quality.
(Reea-Florida)
0455 - El, F4
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BECOMES A
MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dairy Science.
S. L. Spahr.
Illinois Research, Vol 12. No 4. p 4-5, Fall t970.
Descriptor*: 'Disposal, 'Odor, Farm wastes. Ru-
noff, Illinois, EqiitHKBt, Farm lagoons. Gases.
Water pollution control, Storage pits. Waste treat-
ment.
Identifiers: Feedlot runoff. Oxidation ditch. Pollu-
tion potential. Uses, Research needs.
Many of the current systems of animal waste
disposal may create serious health and pollution
problems. Little knowledge is available to solve
many of the problems facing the livestock produ-
cers. Current technology and future research needs
for waste disposal arc discussed. (Christenbury-
fowa State)
0456 - A5, Bl
TRY TO KEEP ODORS UNDER CONTROL,
J.L. Skinner.
Poultry Digest, March 197 1 . p 1 1 6.
Descriptors: 'Odor, Farm wastes, Poultry,
Livestock, Management, Disposal, Public rights,
•Waste treatment.
Identifiers: 'Odor control, Public relations.
Four suggestions are given for managing conditions
related to odor problem*: (1) Reduce spillage and
overflow from watering systems. (2) Make sure
that manure removal systems actually remove
manure and do not leave unnecessary accumula-
tions in corners, adjacent to winch and drive
mechanisms, and around discharge elevators. (3)
Use only manure transport vehicles that do not spill
or leak on roadway*. (4) Avoid field spreading
manure near residences, close to road*, late in the
afternoon of still days or on weekends. (Hazen-
lowa)
0457 - B2, D4, E2
PARv
Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station,
University Park.
N.H. Wooding.
Special Circular 154 (1971), (2 p, 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Aerobic treatment,
•Sprinkler irrigation, Solid wastes, Effluents,
Treatment facilities, Lagoons, Milk, Irrigation
systems. Permits, Pennsylvania, Legislation, Sep-
tic tanks, Liquid wastes, 'Dairy industry. Cattle,
•Waste water treatment, 'Waste water disposal
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Milking parlor wastes.
Pennsylvania Clean Streams Law.
The problem of disposing of liquid wastes from
dairy operations is becoming increasingly impor-
tant in the light of current legislation. The Pennsyl-
vania Clean Streams Law and its effect upon this
disposal are discussed. The Clean Streams Law
requires a waste water disposal permit for any
facility that will discharge into surface or un-
derground waters, create • danger of polluting
these waters, or may be necessary for effective
regulation of the facility even though it doe* not
have a direct discharge. One of the major
problem* of a dairy operation is the disposal of
milking parlor liquid wastes. One method of treat-
ment is the use of aerobic lagoons, anaerobic
lagoons being unacceptable due to the production'
of odor*. Solid wastes and milk should be ex-
cluded to prevent overloading the system. The
wastewater from the lagoon can be disposed of
with a sprinkler-irrigation system. (Dortand-Iowa
State)
0458 - D4, E2
USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC
LAGOON EFFLUENT: DESIGN AND OPERA-
TION OF A FIELD DISPOSAL SYSTEM,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Dale H. Vanderholm, and Craig E. Beer.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 1 3, No 5, p 562-564, Sept-Oct
1970. I tab, 2 fig, 17 ref. OWRR Project A-021-IA
(3).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Anaerobic
digestion, 'Irrigation systems, Runoff, Farm
lagoon. Livestock, Pollutants, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Chemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen,
Odor, Storage capacity.
Identifiers: 'Land requirements, Livestock wastes.
The study was initiated to investigate the pertinent
variables involved and evaluate the performance of
an irrigation system for the disposal of livestock
waste. It was desired to determine irrigation rates,
frequencies, and quantities that would result in
satisfactory renovation of the lagoon effluent with
no detrimental effects. The results indicate, that for
waste-water irrigation, the tabulated rates for clear
water are too high and should be reduced, possibly
30 to 50 percent. The average COD removal was
97 percent. Smaller applications made more
frequently were the most efficient for COD reduc-
tion. 80 percent of the nitrogen is removed. 99 per-
cent of the phosphates were removed. This method
of waste disposal appears feasible. The results of
the study indicate an optimum level for the ob-
served soil and climatic conditions of about 2 in. of
lagoon effluent per week during the growing
season. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0459 - B2, E2
LIQUID MANURE FOR MIDWEST SWINE
PRODUCTION,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering. Liquid Manure for Midwest Swine
Production,
D.G.Jedele.
Transactions of ASAE, Vol 2. No 1 , 1 959. p 9- 1 0. 6
fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Swine, Septic tank,
Sewage lagoons. Liquid waste. Irrigation. Confine-
ment pens, Animal disease. Liquid wastes, Waste
disposal.
Identifiers: 'Tank wagon, 'Spreaders, Storage
tank. Material handling. Hand scraping.
With the trend of raising swine in confinement,
renewed interest in liquid manure disposal is being
created. The primary method used by Illinois swine
producers is the collection of liquid manure in
storage tanks, and then the disposal by tank wagon
on crop land. The finishing Doors are normally on
slopes varying from 1/4 inch per foot to one inch
per foot. The methods of cleaning floors range
from hand scraping followed by water rinsing to
high pressure water rinsing only. For hand scraping
combined with rinsing about 1/4 gal. of water per
hog is required. For high pressure rinsing about 1/2
gal. of water per hog is required. For computing
capacities for storage tanks, a minimum of 2 gal.
per hog per day is suggested. Up to this time most
spreading equipment is homemade. The spreader
used ranged from 6 ft. to 20 ft. spread per swath.
(Bundy-lowa State)
0460 - B3
LITTER
249
-------
Poultry Science, Vol SO, No 4, p 1200-1202, July
1971.2 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Air ventilation, 'Consumptive use,
'Efficiency, Disease, Chicken, Air contamination.
Identifiers: 'Mortality, Enclosed housing, Open
housing, White Plymouth Rock, Reused litter, Win-
dowlesstype housing, Marck disease, Leukosis.
There has been considerable interest in the use of
windowless-type houses for the production of
broilers in the South. It is of general agreement that
houses with fan ventilation are superior to the con-
ventional house with respect to growth, feed con-
version, mortality and condemnation of broilers to
market age. The results of tests run to verify the
hypothesis indicated that there were no real dif-
ferences in the performance of broilers grown in
open or enclosed housing or on new or old litter.
Therefore, under the conditions of this study it is
not possible to justify the cost of providing insu-
lated, fan-ventilated housing for broilers. Also,
since the type of litter did not affect condemnation,
it is similarly not justified to recommend the use of
new litter between successful lots of broilers from
the standpoint of mortality or condemnations.
(Bundy-lowa State)
0461 - B3
FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BROILER
LITTER,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Dept. of Animal Science.
E. Ross, and A. Y. Miyahara.
Poultry Science, Vol 50, No 4, p 1096-1100, July
1971. 4 tab, 12 ref
Descriptors: 'Bacteria. Poultry, Disease, Feeds,
Bactericide, Microorganisms.
Identifiers: 'Methyl bromide, 'Mortality rate,
Reused litter, Coccidia, Concentration, Weight
gain, Sterilized poultry litter, Broilers, Soil, Fumi-
gant, Build up litter.
The scarcity of conventional litter material in some
parts of the country is an increasing concern to
broiler producers/The effect of methyl bromide fu-
migation of reused litter on chicken growth, feed
conversion and mortality was investigated as a
possible solution. To test these effects 6 trials on
commercial broiler chicks were made. In 6 trials,
commercial broiler chicks were reared on fresh
wood shavings litter, reused wood shavings litter
and reused wood shavings litter that had been fumi-
gant with 1-10 kg. of methyl bromide/20.5 m.2 of
litter. Increasing levels of fumigant reduced the
bacterial count in the litter without achieving
sterilization and without otherwise affecting weight
tains, feed conversion or mortality. (Bundy-lowa
tate)
0462 - Cl, C5
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY USING FECAL
COLLECTION APPARATUS AND INDICATOR
METHOD FOR STEERS FED AD LIBITUM,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
P. A. Phar, N. W. Bradley,C. O. Little, L. V.
Cundiff, and J. A. Holing.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 33. No 3, p 695-
697, September 1971. 4 tab, 12 ref.
Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Nutrients, Analytical
techniques, Animal waste, Confinement pens. Cat-
tle.
Identifiers: 'Chromic oxide indicator, 'Fecal col-
lection apparatus, Pelleted ration. Ad libitum, Feed
trial, Crude protein. Crude fiber, Ether extract.
Gross energy coefficient, Steer.
Six 2-year-old steers weighing an average of 453 kg
were randomly assigned to a cross-over design to
study the effects of fecal collection apparatus on
the apparent digestibility of nutrients when a
complete, pelleted ration was fed ad libitum and to
compare total collection versus chromic oxide in-
dicator coefficients. Chromic oxide was mixed with
the ration prior to pelleting at the rate of 0.5%.
Fecal samples were taken twice during a 24-hr.
period and composited at the end of the 6-day col-
lection period for each steer. Sampling times
representing each 2-hr, interval were randomly as-
signed to days. Average daily feed intake was not
significantly affected by fecal collection apparatus.
There was no significant difference in crude
protein, crude fiber, ether extract, N.F.E. or gross
energy coefficients calculated by the conventional
and indicator methods; however, there was a sig-
nificantly (PA.OI) lower dry matter coefficient
when calculated by indicator method. When the in-
dicator method of estimating digestibility was used
to compare the effect of collection apparatus ver-
sus no apparatus on digestibility of nutrients, the
N.F.E. digestibility was significantly (PA.05) tower
in the steers without the fecal collection apparatus.
Coefficients of digestibility for dry matter, crude
protein, crude fiber, ether extract and gross energy
were not significantly (PS.05) affected by fecal col-
lection apparatus. (Bundy-lowa State)
0463 - C3, E3
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POULTRY
MANURE.
Poultry Digest, p 439-441, September 1971. 4 tab.
Descriptors: 'Chemical waste, 'Crop response, Es-
sential nutrients. Chemical analysts. Poultry, Or-
ganic acids. Rates of application, Nutrients.
Identifiers: 'Broiler houses, 'Micronutrients,
'Laying house. Wasted feed.
The value of poultry manure as a crop fertilizer has
been measured primarily in terms of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium. Very little considera-
tion has been given to the micronutrients content.
There are substantial amounts of calcium, magnesi-
um, and sulfur. The micronutrients includes man-
ganese, iron, boron, copper, zinc, and molyb-
denum. The mean calcium and magnesium con-
tents of broiler manure were 1,97 and 0.37%,
respectively, which were less than for hen manure
with calcium content of 3.42% and magnesium of
0.32%. With present knowledge of the require-
ments of most crop plants for micronutrients in-
dicates that, except in cases of extreme deficiency,
application of three to five tons per acre of broiler
or hen manure annually would maintain and
adequate supply of these elements. (Bundy-lowa
State)
0464 - Cl
EXTRACTION OF BILE ACIDS FROM RAT
FECES CONTAINING CHOLESTYRAMINE,
Mead Johnson Research Center, Evansville, Ind.
Dept. of Nutritional Research.
J. D. Manes, and D. L. Schneider.
Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 12, No 3, p 376-
377,1971.
Descriptor): 'Gas Chromatography, 'Rodents,
Chemical analysis, Laboratory animals, Laboratory
tests. Methodology, Test procedures. Analytic
techniques.
Identifiers: 'Bile acids. Gas-liquid Chromatog-
raphy, OV-2,J.
The fecal extraction procedure described by
Evrard and Janssen was inadequate for the
complete extraction of conjugated bile acids from
feces containing the bile acid sequestrant,
cholestyramine. As judged by gas-liquid chromato-
graphic analysis, substitution of 0.5 n HCI in ab-
solute ethanol for glacial acetic acid allowed for
complete recovery (98-104%) of three different
conjugated bile salts in the presence of the resin.
(Parker-Iowa State)
0465 - Al, C3, C5
FRED ADDITIVE RESIDUES IN POULTRY
MANURE
Agricultural Research Service, Belteville, Md.
C.C. Calve rt.
Poultry Digest, August 1971, p 396-398.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Feeds, 'Additives, Arsenic
compounds, Animal diseases. Farm wastes, An-
tibiotics, Environmental effects.
Identifiers: 'Feed additives, Residues, Growth
stimulants.
At this stage, very little is known as to the potential
hazard to the environment represented by com-
monly used feed additives. The amount of residues
excreted and the composition of that residue of
such additives as antibiotics, arsenicals, nitrofurant
and others are discussed. Studies are cited giving
the present state of knowledge on these residues
and their pollutional effects on the environment.
(Parker-Iowa State)
0466 - A4, C4
INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNDWATER
QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
TEXAS HIGH PLAINS,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Geoscience.
William D. Miller.
Environmental Protection Agency-Water
Quality Office, Water Pollution Control Research
Series Report, January 1971. 55 p, 26 fig, 11 tab, 6
ref. EPA Program 16060 EOS 01 /71.
Descriptors: 'Nitrates, 'Oroundwater, Water
quality,' 'Infiltration, Soils, Drainage, Seepage, Ru-
noff, Water pollution sources. Path of pollutants,
Water analysis.
Identifiers: 'Ogallala formation, 'Core chemistry,
Permeability, 'Texas High Plains, Geologic en-
vironment, 'Feedlot runoff.
Detailed field and laboratory studies of five
feedlots were conducted to determine field seepage
rates and distributive geometry of infiltrated ru-
noff. Practical field seepage rates at these sites
ranged from 2 to 20 feet/year. Dispersal rates of
ions in the groundwater zone varied from 45 to 400
feet/year. Nitrogen (NO3, NO2, NH4, Org-N) and
common chemical parameters (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl,
SO4, TDS, pH, and conductance) were determined
in cores and groundwater samples; based on
groundwater analyses from 80 Texas High Plains
feedlots, rates of concentration of NO3-N and Cl in
groundwater beneath feedlots range from 0.07 to
0.4 p.p.m. per year, and average 0.17 p.p.m. per
year. Laboratory determined constant head verti-
cal permeability of cores from 22 feedlot sites
revealed a range in values of .01 to .000001 cm/sec
for Ogallala sediments, .0001 to 10 to the minus
7th power cm/sec for near-surface material of
floodplains and feedpen-runoff surfaces, and values
of .000001 to 10 to the minus 8th power cm/sec for
playa clay. Factors related to runoff-infiltration
were correlated with groundwater quality, and it
was determined, that local surficial material and re-
• gional soils patterns are closely related to quality of
groundwater beneath feedlots. Direct correlation
of water quality does not exist with feedpen-runoff
slope, cattle load, and surface-area ratios of
drainage basin to collection system.
0467 - AS, C3
IDENTIFICATION OF FEEDLOT ODORS,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution
Research Center.
J. Fosnaugh, and E. R. Stephens.
Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (final re-
port). Grant No UIOOS31-02. p 1-24, April 30,
1969.3 fig, 2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Chromatography. lonization,
Laboratory tests, 'Odors, Chemical analysis,
'Farm waste. Organic compounds, Cattle, 'Pollu-
tant identification.
250
-------
Identifiers: • Feedlot odort. Field analyzing
technique, Ambient concentration, loniiation de-
tector, Trimethylimine, Aminei.
The proximity of cattle feedlots to luburban hom-
ing hai created loeil air pollution problemi which
in tome initancei have forced feedlots to ceaie
operation or to move. The principal objective of
this project wai to identify the odorant compound!
and to develop method! for their detection and
measurement. Several piece! of evidence point to
the light weight aminei as the principal offender!.
In particular, trimethylamine hat an odor threshold
below I ppb and cm be detected in feedlot air at
concentration! above thii. Other aminei, ammonia,
and perhapi other compound! may alio contribute
to the odor. Of the several analytical method!
tested gli chromalography and paper chromatog-
raphy showed the moil promise. Neither was
developed into routine u»e. (Bundy-lowa State)
0468 - A6, Bl
EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON THE CAS
CONCENTRATION IN A PART-SLATTED PIC-
GERY,
North of Scotland Coll. of Agriculture, Aberdeen.
Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit.
A. M.Robertson,and H.Galbraith.
Farm Building Research and Development Studies
May 1971.9 fig. 3 tab, 21 ref.
Descriptors: 'Gases, 'Hogs, 'Ventilation, Effects,
•Carbon dioxide, 'Ammonia, 'Hydrogen sulfide,
Air circulation, Wane storage, Storage tanki, En-
vironmental effect!, Temperature, Toxicity,
Animal physiology.
Identifiers: 'Gai concentration. Slotted floor,
Manure, Swine.
The concentrations of carbon dioxide, ammonia,
oxygen, and hydrogen lulfide were recorded over
the dung channel of a slatted floored houae for
growing/finishing pigs. Data was collected at ven-
tilation rates varying from 0.262 m cu/h kg to 1.2)4
m cu/h kg live weight and during emptying of the
channel. At summer ventilation ralea concentra-
tions of 7.6 ppm H2S, 9.1 ppm NH3 and 600 ppm
CO2 were recorded. Concentration of toxic gates
increased with volume of manure in the channel
and depended on the ventilation rate. At winter
ratei concentrations in excess of 20 ppm H2S were
recorded. (Parker-IowaState)
0469 - AS, C3
WHY DOES IT .SMELL SO HAD,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dcpt. uf Agricultural
Engineering.
Clyde L. Barlh.
Paper presented at the IU7() Annual Meeting
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, ASAE
70-416. 22 p, 5 fig. I tab, fiS rcf.
Descriptors: 'Odor, Farm wastes, Pollutants,
Strength, Temperature, Instrumentation, Measure-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Smell, Olfactory mechanism. Percep-
tion. Theories. Literature, Odor quality, Stimuli.
Researchers must learn more about manure odin
production and control. Many unanswered
problems fuce the farmer now. A review of per-
tinent literature clarifies the present status of the
knowledge of odor perception, and create* an
awareness of the pitfalls to be avoided in planning,
conducting and anuly/ing odor related research.
(Christcnhury-lowa State)
0470 - AS, D2
CONTROLLING ODORS FROM CATTLE FEED
LOTS AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERA-
TIONS,
Memphis Cattle Feeders, Inc.. Millington, Tenn.
Robert Moorman, Jr.
Air Pollution Control Association Journal, Vol 15,
1963, p 34-35.
Descriptors: 'Farm waslea, 'Odors, Legal aspects
Dehydration, Spraying, Disposal, Management.
Identifier!: 'Feedlots, Public relations.
This paper discusses various methods of odor con-
trol for cattle feed lots. The human and physical
conditions that exist which allow and cause odor
problems to ariie and become a community source
of trouble are discussed. These include a negative
attitude and a lack of understanding on the part of
the parties concerned. The odor problems can be
alleviated through cooperation and sincere effort.
The use of dehydration units have been only par-
tially successful. Public relations between feed lot
and the community are very important. (Christen-
bury-lowa State)
0471 - Bl. D2
ACCELERATION OF NATURAL DRYING OF
POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANI-
CAL AGITATION,
California Univ., Davis.
James A Moore, and Samuel A. Hart.
Unpublished paper. Presented Pacific Coast Re-
gion American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
1968. Paper No PC 68-121. 2 fig, 2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sublimation, Drying,
Moisture content. Till. Winter. Freeze drying.
Freezing, Equipment.
Identifiers: Relative humidity, Tiller drying, Natu-
ral drying.
Wet manure rather quickly becomes objectiontilly
odorous. One solution to the manure problem
would be an economical and efficient means of
reducing the moisture content. The concept of
sublimation was evaluated as a means of natural
drying of poultry manure. The use of a mechanical
agitator was incorporated into the system. The dry-
ing phenomenon that allows clothes to dry in
winter weather would not work with manure. The
tiller-drying to accelerate natural drying of manure
in summer was very effective. (Christenbury-lowa
State)
0472 - A5, B2, Cl
A VEAR IN THE LIFE OF A SLURRY COM-
POUND.
J.M.Kindell.
Agriculture, Vol 78. No 6, p 268-269, June 1971.
Descriptor!: »F«m waste. Cattle. Surface runoff,
Slope. Economic feasibility, Waste storage. Storage
capacity, Porosity, Odor, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Slurry compound. Slurry
disposal, Feed ration.
To eliminate the difficulty of spreading the slurry
compound from a dairy farm in northern Chilterns,
a storage tank to hold the full winter's storage of
slurry was built. The system was built for an opera-
tion of sixty Friesian milkers. The storage area. 90
ft. long and 66 ft. wide, was excavated to an
average depth of 2 ft. which produced sufficient
flinty clay material to form the tide and end walls.
The excavated clay was used to built a bank around
the area which would hold the slurry to a depth of
about 3 to 4 ft. The disposal system was reasonably
cheap to install, operate, and maintain and it
avoided the daily or weekly chore of manure
disposal in the winter. No smell, fly or other
nuisance arose during the period of storage in the
compound. On emptying, the smell, although
powerful, was of limited duration. The amount of
percolation into the subsoil appeared to be negligi-
ble on account of the clay-based subsoil forming
the floor of the compound. In calculating the
storage capacity of the slurry compound, it seems
prudent to be on the generous side. Half a cubic
yard per cow per week for the winter housing
period is a useful guide. (Bundy-lowa State)
0473 - F5
BOD OF CAPTIVE WILD ANIMAL WASTES.
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, La. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering.
F. W. Macdonald.and H. R. Davis.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 113, February
1966, p 64-67. 2 tab, 2 ref.
Descriptors; 'Biochemical oxygen demand
Animals, Animal wastes (Wildlife).
Identifiers: 'Wild animals. 'Zoo. Total solids. Cap-
tive animals. Primates.
The findings of an analysis of the animal waste from
a zoo are reported. The total solids and the BOD
per pound of animal are reported. The results of
this study may well serve as a guide in the design of
plant! for the disposal of wild animal wastes.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0474 - Bl, C2, C3, C5
PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARAC-
TERISTICS OF HOG WASTES,
E. P. Taiganidcs, T. E. Hazen, E. R. Baumann, and
H.P.Johnson.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 7, p 123-124, 127, 129, 1964.
3 fig. I tab.
Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Properties,
•Pump testing, Solid wastes. Performance. Pump-
ing, Efficiencies, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Waste identification.
Identifiers: 'Waste properties, 'Characteristics,
Volatile solids.
Hog wastes from a confinement hog production
unit were analyzed for daily quantity and physical
and chemical properties. The pumping charac-
teristics of the untreated hog wastei were deter-
mined with a diaphragm pump and a 6-inch auger.
The quantity and quality of the manure are affected
primarily by the size of the hogs, the type and quan-
tity of the feed intake, the quantity of the water in-
take and the air temperature. The daily quantity of
manure removed varies with the time of year. The
average total solids content of the manure was 18.5
percent and 13.6 percent during the hot and cold
months of the year respectively. The total nitrogen
of the manure was 7 percent of the total dry matter.
Results of the auger pumping test showed that
manure can be pumped with greater efficiency and
less power consumption than water. With the
diaphragm pump the maximum pumping capacity
for water is obtained at a higher pump speed than
for manure under similar conditions of operation.
The results of the pumping tests were presented
graphically. (Parker-IowaState)
0475 - E3
LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES
FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS,
O. C. Braids, M. Sobhan-Ardakani, and J. A. E.
Molina.
Illinois Research, Vol 12, No 3, Summer 1970, p 6-
7. 3 tab, 1 fig. v
Descriptors: Sludge. Sludge disposal, »Sewage
iludge, •Nutrients, Nitrates. Analysis, 'Field crops,
Crop production. Soil analysis, Leaching, Corn,
Sorghum. Lysimeters.
Identifiers: Digested sludge, Heavy metali. Reed
canary grass, Drain water.
Irrigation of cropland with digested sludge is seen
at a way of recycling the elements and reducing ul-
timate disposal costs. To learn more about this Sub-
ject, a study utilizing an existing lysimeter facility
was conducted. A digested sludge having .
251
-------
content of 2 to 4 percent by weight was obtained
from a sewage treatment plant. A 1-inch applica-
tion of sludge on an acre contains about 330
pounds of nitrogen, 180 pounds of phosphorus and
40 pounds of potassium. Corn, Reed canary grass,
and grain sorghums were grown with two levels of
sludge irrigation; 10 inches in 1968 and 7 inches in
1969. This level, without exception, produced
yields as good as, or better than, those obtained
with water irrigation and relatively high levels of
commercial fertilizer. In this test crop and leaf
analysis were made as well as soil analysis. The
drain water was also analyzed. One problem noted
was the increased concentration of nitrate-nitrogen
found in the water from the sludge-treated plots.
The nitrogen content of digested sludge appears to
be the first limiting factor to loading rate. (Parker-
Iowa State)
0476 - C4
THE MICROFLORA OF SOUTHERN OHIO
POULTRY LITTER,
J. Lovett, J. W. Messer, and B. Read, Jr.
Poultry Science, Vol 50, No 3, May 1971, p 746-
751.7 tab, 17 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Microor-
ganisms, Ohio, Chemical analysis, Analytical
techniques, Salmonella, Cultures, Coliforms, E.
coli, Molds, Fungi, Plants, 'Waste identification.
Identifiers: 'Microflora, Total count, Poultry litter.
Poultry litter from four Southern Ohio farms was
analyzed; the microflora was enumerated, and the
fungal population was classified to genera. At each
farm, litter was taken from several areas within the
poultry house. Composite litter samples were
ground in a Wiley mill. Three media and two incu-
bation methods were evaluated before deciding on
the total count procedure. TSA consistently
yielded greater counts than either PCA or STCM.
Litter pH and total bacterial and fungal counts in-
creased with litter usage to about one month, then
declined slightly and remained constant thereafter.
Coliform and Escherichia coli were constant
throughout the sampling period for all litter. After
one week of litter use, approximately 10 per cent of
the total microbial population was found to consist
of coliform. Twelve fungal genera were identified
from poultry feeds. A wider variety of mold genera
was isolated from litter. (Parker-Iowa State)
0477 - C4, D4, E4
BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF ANIMAL
WASTES TO NUTRIENTS,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Avian
Science.
B. F. Miller.
Final report, May 1971. 69 p, 9 fig, 10 tab, 36 ref,
append. Project no. HGW-PHS Solid Wastes
Research Grant EC-00262-02.
Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Lagoons, 'Chemical
analysis. Crop response, Anaerobic bacteria. Odor,
Aminp acid. Poultry, Cattle, Larvae. Incubation,
Organic matter. Soil structure, Economics,
Nutrients.
Identifiers: 'Feed analysis. Automated manure
handling. Caged laying. Crop yield. Plant nutrients.
Fly eggs were placed in fresh poultry manure under
different temperature (22 to 38C) and relative hu-
midity (19 to 80%) conditions to determine the
hatchability of fly eggs, growth of larvae, produc-
tion of pupae and physical changes in the poultry
manure. Moisture loss from the manure was
recorded daily. The inoculation rates varied from 2
g. to 5 g. fly eggs per 4000 g. of fresh poultry
manure. Fly eggs and larvae were also placed under
caged laying hens for the catabolism of the manure
as it was voided. Optimum yield of dry pupae was-
obtained with a combination of 3 g. fly eggs in 4000
g. of fresh poultry manure at 27C and relative hu-
midity of 41%. Moisture in the manure was
reduced from 78.5 to 55.0%. When relative hu-
midity was increased from 38 to 70% the yield of
pupae at 34 to 38C was significantly (PAO.OI) in-
creased. The combination of 2 g. eggs per 4000 g.
of fresh manure produced significantly (PAO.01)
heavier larvae. Hatchability of fly eggs in fresh
poultry manure varied from 50.5 to 87.0%. In com-
parison to fresh poultry manure, the manure
residue had less odor, contained less moisture and
was granular in texture. The fly larvae developed
well under the caged layers, reducing freshly
voided manure to granular material within a few
hours. (Bundy-lowa State)
0478 - D4
LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STA-
BILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE,
Minnesota Dept. of Health, Glenwood; Illinois
Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
R. L. Irgens, and D. L. Day.
Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Vol
11, No I,p 1-10. 1966. 6 fig, 7 tab. II ref.
Descriptors: 'Farmwastcs, 'Swine, Aerobic treat-
ment. Waste disposal. Chlorination, Waste treat-
ment, Oxygenation, Oxidation lagoons.
Identifiers: Aerobic stabilization. Swine waste
treatment. Aeration of wastes.
Pig waste was allowed to accumulate in a pit
beneath a slattered floor swine finishing building
for one week or one month. Samples of this waste
were brought to the laboratory for analysis and
aerobic stabilization. It was concluded that adding
raw waste continusouly to the aeration unit gave
the best results. The treated effluent had a BOD of
10 to IS p.p.m. and contained only a trace of am-
monia. Treatment by the aerobic process made the
swine waste virtually odorless and stable. About 6
ft. 3 of liquid was required to dilute the waste from
I SO Ib. pig at the beginning of the aerobic process
and 2500 ft. 3 of air was needed per pound of BOD.
However, the more efficient oxygenation obtained
with an aeration rotor in an oxidation ditch might
reduce the latter value considerably. It was esti-
mated that 36 KWh might be required per pig per
year for operation of the aeration rotor of an oxida-
tion ditch chlorination of diluted swine waste
eliminated a certain degree of odor and improved
flocculation and dewateringof the solids. The COD
of the chlorinated and filtered waste was reduced
72%. Chlorinated compounds of various types may
have similar effects. (Hazen-Iowa State)
0479 - A6, Bl
THE INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS,
Nottingham Univ. (England). School of Agricul-
ture.
D. R. Charles, and C. G. Payne.
British Poultry Science, Vol 7, p 177-187,189-198,
1966. 16 tab, 32 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, • Environmental ef-
fects. 'Air pollution, 'Air pollution effects.
Growth, Rates, Respiration, Performance, Produc-
tivity. Ventilation, Air circulation. Poultry . Am-
monia, Eggs.
Identifiers: 'Ammonia toxicity, 'Food consump-
tion. Ammonia concentrations. Respiration rates.
Food conversion efficiency.
A detailed description is given of studies done on
the effects of air pollution on white leghorn
chickens. The studies were done in two parts, one
on broilers and replacement chickens and the
second on laying hens. One hundred parts per mil-
lion by volume of ammonia caused reductions in
the respiration rates of adult hens between 7 and 24
percent. Broiler chickens from 28 days of age
tended to eat less food than those reared in am-
monia free atmospheres. At 100 p.p.m. of ammonia
their growth rate was significantly reduced.
Replacement laying pullets raised in ammonia con-
taining atmospheres from 11-18 weeks of age had
reduced food intake than those in ammonia free at-
mospheres. Pullets raised in atmospheres with high
ammonia concentrations matured up to two weeks
later than those in atmospheres free of ammonia.
Atmospheres of 105 p.p.m. of ammonia signifi-
cantly reduced egg production after 10 weeks ex-
posure. No effects were observed on egg quality.
Voluntary food intake was reduced and live-weight
gain was lower in ammoniatcd atmospheres. High
protein, vitamin, and mineral diet prevented the
onset of any deleterious effects of ammonia on egg
production, even though food consumption fell to
75 g./bird/day at 29 C., 43% humidity and 104
p.p.m. of ammonia when a low energy diet was fed
to hens in high ammoniatcd atmospheres. Their
production deteriorated rapidly. (Hazen-Iowa
State)
0480 - Cl, F5
CAGE AND KENNEL WASTE WATER,
National Institutes of Health, Bcthcsda, Md. Div of
Research Services,
N. A. Jaworski, and J. L. S. Hickcy.
This was reported as 'NIH Detergent for Mechani-
cal Washing of Laboratory Glassware and Animal
Cages' Sanitary Engineering Branch Project 136
(1955). Journal Water Pollution Control Federa-
tion, Vol 34, No I, p. 40-43, Jan, 1962. 1 fig. 5 tab
2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Waste water disposal, 'Biochemical
oxygen demand, Wustc water. Water analysis.
Animul wastes (Wildlife), Waste identification.
Waste dilution. Waste water treatment. Laboratory
animals.
Identifiers: 'Waste water production, Total solids.
Volatile solids. Composite samples, Cage cleaning
wastes. Kennel.
The National Institutes of Health is planning a
laboratory-animal colony in an unscwcred urea.
The waste water from the colony will require treat-
ment on the site. The waste water from cage clean-
ing and kennel cleaning is expected to represent a
large percentage of the total sewage of the colony.
A study of the volume and character of the waste
water of a similar animal colony to the one por-
poscd was made. Mechanical washers are used to
clean the cages. Each washer contains a 1,000-gal-
lon recirculaling wash water tank and a 500-gallon,
rccirculating, rinse water tank. Excess water over-
flows to the sewers. Samples of the overflow were
collected at 30-minutc intervals. These samples
were composited in proportion to the quantity of
waste water from each machine. The BOD IN THE
OVERFLOW WAS LESS THAN THAT IN THE
WASTE WATER DRAINED FROM THE
TANKS. The PH was 11.0 and the temperature was
140 to I60F of the waste water. The BOD, total
solids, and volatile solids of the wustc water from
hosing of the pens was approximately three times
per unit volume as that found in domestic sewage.
The waste water has a sharp, unplcasnat odor,
which might constitute a problem when it is treated
in a population area. (Hazen-Iowa State)
0481 - E2, E3, F5
RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW
ROLE FOR AGRICULTURE,
Agricultural Research Service, Phoenix, Ariz.
Water Conservation Lab.
Herman Bouwer.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 23,
1968,p. 164-168,2ftg, I tab, 22ref.
Descriptors: 'Irrigation, 'Water reuse, 'Waste
disposal. Sewage effluents, Water quality control.
Identifiers: 'Waste water renovation. Land
disposal.
This article discusses the use of land or soil to
dispose of and treat domestic, industrial, and
agricultural sewage and watte*. Several projects
are mentioned where this is being done on M ex-
perimental or trial bull. The major objectives may
252
-------
be sludge removal, groundwatcr renewal. Irrigation
or a combination of the three. The soil purifies the
waste. Nutrients are also supplied to plants if the
amount of effluent applied is not excessive. The
economics of land disposal is also discussed. A
more detailed description is given of the Flushing
Meadows Project near Phoenix. Arizona. (Parker-
ISU)
0482 - A2, A4, C5
THE EFFECT OF FARM WASTES ON THE
POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison; and Marathon County
Center, Wausau.Wis.
S A. Witzel, N. E. Minshall, E. McCoy, R. J.
Olsen, and K. T. Crabtree.
Paper No. 69-428 presented at the 19(9 Annual .
Meeting, American Society of Agricultural En-
gineers at Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indi-
ana June 22-25,1969.24 p. 2 fig, 4 tab, 14 ref. Pro-
ject No. OWRR B-004-WIS (12),
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Groundwater,
•Nutrients, 'Water pollution, Nitrates, Nitrites,
Potassium, Phosphorus, Wells, Supplemental ir-
rigation. Fertilizers, Fishkill, Eutrophication.
Identifiers: 'Groundwater pollution, Well con-
tamination. Algal growth, Deoxygcnation.
Natural surface waters are subject to enrichment
with the plant nutrients N; P, and K, and subsur-
face waters1 are often subject to pollution with
nitrate and nitrite nitrogen. A study was begun in
1963 to determine the sources and amounts of
plant nutrient losses from agricultural operations
and to locate any health hazards thst may result
from the disposal of farm animal wastes. Nutrient
losses in the base flow of southwestern Wisconsin
streams during the period of high winter runoff
totaled only 25% as much N and K and 10% as
much P a* in the surface runoff. Heavy manure ap-
plications in the vicinity of farm buildings or large
feedlot operation! can result in dangerously high
nitrate concentrations in farm wells. Heavy sup-
plemental irrigation combined with heavy nitrogen
fertilizer application may result in an increase in
the nitrates in ground water. Heavy annual appli-
cations of manure and/or fertilizer to large land
masses which allow more than 13.5 Ib. per acre of
nitrogen to pass beyond the root zone could raise
the groundwater to the toxic level of nitrates, as-
suming that all the nitrogen reaches the ground-
water and that the aquifer is static. (Dorland-Iowa
State)
HOW CAN PORK PRODUCERS COMPLY
WITH ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STAN-
DARDS, - '
lowu State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J.Ronald Miner.
American Pork Congress-Proceedings. Environ-
mental Quality Workshop, Des Moines, Iowa, Mar
3,197l.p98-I02.
Descriptors: 'Farm wuntes, *Hogs, 'Environment,
•Pollution abatement, Water quality. Standards,
Water pollution. Air pollution. Odor. Confinement
pens. Organic matter. Nutrients, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Eutrophlcution, Algae, Pathogenic
bacteria, Effluent, Irrigation, Storage, Waste
Identifiers: 'Environmental quality, Air contami-
nant. Stream quality, Wuste management, Manure
collection, Manure transport.
To prevent wuter and air pollution while maintain-
ing environmental quality Is a complex problem. It
becomes more complicated by trying to design
waste management systems which contribute
materially to our effectiveness as pork producers
with pollution control us a side benefit. A swine
manure management system might include a col-
lection device, a manure transport system, some
means of manure Murage and/or treatment, and
finally, a manure or effluent disposal system. In
some cases mure Ihun one of these components
may be included in a single component. Giving ini-
tial consideration tu the disposal scheme will help
determine decisions to be made concerning the
other aspects of the system. There is much remain-
ing to be learned relative to the control and mea-
surement of odors. Various odor levels can be
achieved by the judicious selection of manure han-
dling techniques. (White-Iowa State)
0484 - A3, C4
RELATIONSHIPS' OF SALMONELLAE TO
FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDI-
MENTS,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Ohio. Div. of Water Hygiene.
D. J. VanDonsel, and E. E. Geldreich.
Water Research, Vol 5, No 11, p 1079-1087,
November 1971.3 fig, 3 tab, 21 ref.
Descriptors: 'Indicators, "Salmonella, •Sediment-
water interfaces; Conforms, Sampling, Mud-water
interfaces, Water quality, Sediments, Pathogenic
bacteria, Streptococcus, Domestic wastes. Farm
wastes, E. coli,'Bottom sediments.
Identifier!: 'Bottom sampler, Resuspension, Bac-
terial concentration.
The use of bottom sampling in water quality in-
vestigations is presently limited; however, the
mud may serve as a concentrated and stable index
of the quality of the overlying water. Salmonellae
can be isolated from bottom sediments with far
greater frequency than directly from the overlying
water. Salmonellae were isolated from 19 percent
of the mud samples when fecal coliform density in
the overlying water .was between 1 and 200 per 100
ml; from 50 percent between 201 and 2000; and
from 80 percent over 2000. Fecal coliform to fecal
streptococcus ratios of the overlying waters in-
dicated that most of the isolated salmonellae
originated in domestic sewage, but there were
some positive samples with low ratios, which sug-
gests that their salmonellae came front livestock or
wildlife. Mud-water interfaces are not static
systems, sludge banks can shift to a new position
in response to currents, storms, and dredging
operations. The consequent recirculation of older
pollutants poses new problems in water quality
which must be considered. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0485 - E3, F2
POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Animal
Husbandry.
Melvin Bradley, and Walter. Russell.
Feedstuffs, Vol 37,.No 8, p 59-60, February 20.
1965.
Descriptors: Farm w'astes, Legal aspects, Feeds,
Missouri, Poultry, Hazards, Efficiencies.
Identifiers: Broiler litter, Bloat, Rate of gain.
This article reviews the literature on feeding of
poultry litter to beef cattle, discussing hazards and
legal implications and giving recommendations if
litter is used as a feed. Research is reviewed from
Texas, Arkansas. Georgia and Virginia. (Christen-
bury-To wa State)
0486 - Bl
FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Miner, J Ronald (Ed). North Central Regional
Publication 206. Special Report 67, May 1971. 44
p. 34 tab. 85 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Waste water
treatment, 'Management, Hydroponics, Incinera-
tion, Pollutants, Diseases, Design criteria. Anaero-
bic digestion. Aerobic treatment. Aerobic bacteria,
Zoonoses, Anaerobic bacteria. Farm lagoons.
Chemical properties. Physical properties,
Pathogenic bacteria. Environmental effects.
Identifiers: Composting, Oxidation ditches. Rumi-
nant digestion, Nonruminant digestion. Disease
transmission, Feedlot-runoff.
Current practices, technology, knowledge, and
research results are summarized as related to the
management and disposal or use of farm animal
watte* in the 13 states of the North Central Region
and other cooperating states. Among alternative
systems of management and treatments described,
attention is given to relative effectiveness .in
eliminating or minimizing detrimental environmen-
tal and ecological consequences. Detailed informa-
tion is included on the biology and biochemistry of
.waste treatments; characteristics of animal wastes.
including biological, physical, and chemical pro-
perties; aerobic, anaerobic, and combined treat-
ments of animal wastes; composting, incineration.
dehydration, and hydroponics; and actual and
potential productive utilization of animal wastes.
Needs for additional research are suggested.
(Chrtstenbury-lowa State)
0487 - A3, D4
NITRATE REMOVAL FROM AGRICULTURAL
WASTE WATER,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Fresno. Calif.; and California Dept. of Water
Resources, Fresno.
Percy P. St. Amant, and Louis A. Beck.
In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid
Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Scries.
13030 DY Y, 6/69. Oct l°70, USDI, Federal Water
Quality Administration, p 1-8. 1 tab, I fig.
Descriptors: •Return flow, •Nitrates, Water pollu-
tion. Desalination. Algae, Dcnitrification, Califor-
nia, Filters, Particle size. Anaerobic conditions.
Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: *Nilratc removal. Algae stripping. Pond
dcnitrification. Filter Jciiilrification. Mcthanol,
Bacterial dcnitrification, San Joaquin Valley.
The problem of disposing of irrigation waste water
from the San Joaquin Valley of California is a very
large one. The most serious potential pollutant is
nitrogen in the nitrate form. A waste water treat-
ment center at Fircbaugh. California has organized
and is carrying out research in the areas of
desalination, algae stripping, and bacterial
dcnUrifk-alion. Algae stripping simply involves
growing a crop of algae to remove nitrogen from
the wuter, and then harvesting the algae. Various
markets have been proposed for the use of algae.
Two methods of bacterial iknitrificatkm being ex-
plored are pond Jciiitriricution. and filter donithfi.
cation. The three denilrifiualion methods are com-
pared as to land requirements and project costs.
Kach is nearly the same in cost - around SIO per
aere foot, however the titgac stripping method
requires much more land. (White-IowaSlate)
0488 - Al, F5
THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY STANDARDS ON
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN THE
COLORADO RIVER BASIN,
Federal'Water Pollution Control Administration.
Boulder. Colorado River - Bonneville Basins Of-
fice.
Gary N.Dietrich, and L.Russell Freeman.
In: Water Quality Management Problems In Arid
Regions. Water Pollution Control Research Series.
13030 DYY. 6/«9, Oct 1970, USDI, Federal Watei
Quality Administration, p 9-15.
Descriptors: •Salinity, 'Water quality. 'Standards,
Colorado River, 'Irrigation, Evapotranspiration,
253
-------
Desalination, Flow augmentation. Consumptive
use. Water pollution effects.
Identifiers: 'Salinity criteria, Irrigation cycle.
Salinity-source abatement.
This paper discusses salinity criteria for the
Colorado River Basin. The problem faced in water
quality management in the Colorado River Basin is
one of improving existing mineral quality, or at
least, minimizing future salinity increases. Con-
sumptive use of water in crop production com-
plicates developing salinity criteria for the
Colorado River Basin. There are only two direct
approaches to implementing salinity criteria: the
regulation of consumptive water uses and the
desalination of waters whose salinity has been con-
centrated by consumptive use. Three salinity con-
trol approaches which do not necessarily depend
on the establishment of criteria are: the abatement
of salinity at selected sources including natural
sources, the augmentation of river (lows, and the
desalination of water for use.
(White-Iowa State)
0489 - E3. F4
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND RE-
USE OF WASTE WATER EFFLUENTS,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Washington, D.C.
Stanley J. Dea.
In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid
Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Series,
13030 DY Y. 6/69, Oct 1970. USDI. Federal Water
Quality Administration, p 37-44.1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Waste water treat-
ment, 'Water reuse, Effluent, Waste water. Water
Quality Act, Beneficial use, Water supply. Biologi-
cal treatment, Sewage effluents, Filters, Activated
sludge, Tertiary treatment.
Identifiers: 'Nutrient removal.
From the overall view of potential water supply
shortages in the United States, advanced waste
treatment has the greatest promise at locations
where the municipal waste water is presently
discharged into the ocean or other sinks, and is lost
for reuse. An advanced waste treatment facility for
turning waste discharges into potable water is
described for New York City. The most urgent
needs in sewage treatment technology include
modifications of 'conventional' processes and ad-
vanced or tertiary treatment. Advanced treatment
for the removal of nutrients, organic!, and inor-
ganics can be accomplished for about 26-30
cents/1000 gallons compared to II cents/1000 gal-
lons for secondary treatment. However, the
reclaimed waste water from advanced treatment
has economic utility and value fur reuse.
(White-Iowa Stale)
0490 - A3, F5
SALIMTY CONTROL IN RETURN FLOW
FROM IRRIGATED AREAS - A DEMONSTRA-
TION PROJECT,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural
Resources Center.
Norman A. Evans.
In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid
Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Series,
13030 OYY, 6/69, Oct 1970. USDI, Federal Water
Quality Administration, p 45-55.7 fig.
Descriptors: 'Salinity, 'Return flow, 'Irrigation,
Colorado River, Salt balance. Canal seepage. Deep
percolation, Evapotranspirstion, Electrical con-
ductance. Base flow.
Identifiers: Salt load.
The purpose of this paper was to summarize a
demonstration project which has been initiated in
the Grand Valley area of Colorado for the purpose
of showing that saline agricultural return flows are
controllable and that if improvements in water
management practices are applied, the salt load
returning to the river win be reduced. A discussion
is given on the mechanics of return flow. Six irriga-
tion companies, a power company, and a drainage
district combined resources to form a corporation
for the purpose of conducting the demonstration
and study. The first step was a before treatment in-
ventory of water and salt budget in the demonstra-
tion area. Canal seepage losses have been mea-
sured and a plan for lining certain sections is being
formulated. Many water flow measurements are
being made. Evapotranspiratkui estimates will be
made. Groundwater flow will be calculated from
hydraulic gradient and permeability data. Self-
monitoring the Colorado River will afford the final
evidence of positive benefit from reduction in canal
seepage. The reduced canal seepage should reduce
by 1/2 the volume of return flow, and affect a sig-
nificant reduction in salt load.
(White-Iowa State)
0491 - A3, A5
WATER QUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN
INLAND SINKS,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
Alsmeda, Calif. California/Nevada Basins.
Richard C. Bain, Jr., and John T. Marlar.
In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid
Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Series,
13030 DY Y, 6/69, Oct 1970, USDI, Federal Water
Quality Administration, p 57-77.8 Tig. 2 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Salinity, 'Sinks,
Eutrophkation, Fish, Dissolved oxygen. Tempera-
ture, Nutrients. Evaporation, Water level fluctua-
tions, Nevada, California.
Identifiers: Pyramid Lake (Nev), Salton Sea
(Calif), Total dissolved solids, Surface area.
The problems of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Sal-
ton Sea, California, arc similar in many ways and
arc common to other inland sinks. Salinity in-
creases and water level fluctuations attributable to
water and salt inflows and evaporation losses may
be controlled or abated through river basin and
water quality management schemes. Pyramid Lake
water levels and the rate of salinity increases can be
controlled by increasing the water supply to the
Lake. Salton Sea salinity and water level problems
can be better controlled by salt extraction, lower ir-
rigation efficiencies in nearby agricultural areas,
bulkheading on developed parts of the shore, and
possible future evaporation pond operation.
Eutrophication symptoms, advanced in the Salton
Sea and emerging in Pyramid Lake, are less easily
manipulated. Natural forces of deposition and con-
sumption of organic matter within these waters will
tend to limit nutrient buildup; however trapping
and predation effects alone will not eliminate algal
blooms. Control of eutrophication must'begin with
control or elimination of major nutrient sources. It
is clear that unless water quality control measures
are taken, both bodies of water will eventually
become aqueous deserts. Local, State and Federal
efforts are underway to preserve or enhance the
water quality and associated uses of these two in-
land links. (White-Iowa-State)
0492 - D2, E3, Fl
DISTILLATION OF WASTE WATERS: A
WATER RESOURCE FOR ARID REGIONS,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Washington, D.C. Office of Research and Develop-
ment.
Allen Cywin, George Rcy, Stanley Oca, and Harold
Bernard.
In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid
Regions. Water Pollution Control.Research Scries,
13030 DY Y. 6/69, Ocl 1970. USDI, Federal Water
Quality Administration, p 85-94. 14 rcf, 2 fig, I tab.
Descriptors: 'Distillation, 'Waste water treatment.
Effluent. Potable water, Water reuse. Water quali-
ty. Brackish water. Sewage treatment. Costs, Waste
dilution, Dcmincralization, Water resources.
Identifiers: 'Slowdown ratio. Salt removal. Mineral
content, Tula) dissolved solids.
The authors propose distillation of municipal waste
water for the production of low mineral content
water for industrial purposes, particularly for those
industries which require such water in large quanti-
ties. Distillation has previously been limited in arid
regions to applications using saline waters as a
fccdwatcr supply. The use of waste water may very
possibly result in less costly distilled water. A part
of the waste water renovation costs can be at-
tributed to pollution control. Dilution of tertiary-
treated effluents with a lower mineral content mu-
nicipal water can aha produce a product water of
acceptable mineral content. The lower concentra-
tions tif sulfatc and total dissolved solids in waste
water effluent* is also advantageous. Total treat-
ment costs for the processes involved arc given.
(White-Iowa State)
0493 - A2, Bl, C3
NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ANIMAL
PRODUCTION AREAS,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dcpt. of Agricultural
Engineering; and North Carolina State Univ.
Raleigh.
Jackie W. D. Robbins, George J. Kriz, und David*
H. HowelU.
Paper presented at 1971 Mid-Central Meeting
American Scociety Agricultural Engineers, Paper
No MC-71-102.20p.5 fig.4tab, lOref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nutrients,
'Coliforms, 'Runoff, Management, Phosphate,
Nitrogen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Bacteria,
Farm lagoons, Pollutants, Disposal, Hogs, Poultry,
Cattle, waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Total coliform, Fecal coliform, Swine.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC).
Twelve typical agricultural areas representing three
types of animal waste management techniques-
land spreading including pasture and drylot units,
lagopning and direct discharge into streanw-were
studied to determine the amounts of and factors
governing stream enrichment from iwine, dairy.
poultry and beef production operations. (Christen-
bury-lowa State)
0494 - A6, Bl
A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EF-
FECTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON
NHJ CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE CONFINE-
MENT HOUSING,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dcpt. of Agricultural
Engineering; and Nebraska Univ.. Lincoln. Dcpt
of Agricultural Engineering.
C. N. Ifcadi, and J. A. DcShazcr.
Paper presented 1971 Mid-Central Meeting Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Paper No
MC-71 • 103. 9 p, I fig, I tab, 2 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Model studies, 'Odors. 'Ventilation.
'Ammonia, Laboratory tests. Physical models.
Structural models. Hop. Air circulation, Statistical
models. Farm wastes. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Slotted floors. Airflow rates. Inlet
systems. Exhaust systems.
A plexiglass model 1/12 the size of an existing
swine building was used to determine the effect of
various ventilation systems upon the NH3 concen-
tration in the model. From this investigation, it was
found that as mure air exhausted below the floor
the concentration of NH3 above the floor
decreased. Also the inlet settings influenced the
concentration of NH.1 above the floor. (Christcn-
hury-lowa Stale)
0495 - A3, F2
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATERS
FROM PLOWED-IN FEEDLOT MANURE,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dcpt. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
R. I. Lipper, H. L. Manges, and Eugene Gocring.
Paper presented at the 1971 Mid-Central Meeting
254
-------
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Paper
NoMC-7l-803.4p. ^
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Confine-
ment pen*. Pollutant!. Runoff, Chemical oxygen
demand. Water pollution lourcci.
Identifiers: 'Feed lot manure, Plowcd-in.
When a four-inch layer of beef fccdlot manure wa»
completely covered with 2 to 3 inchci of soil in
small test plots, no organic contamination of water
on the soil surface resulted when plots were well
drained. Under conditions simulating standing
water on tight soil, COD of the water was very hich
(Chriatenbury-lowa State)
0496 - B2. C3. D4
DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAERO-
BIC LAGOON,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J. K. Koelliker, and J. R. Miner.
Journal Paper No J-6873 of Iowa Agricultural and
Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames.
Paper presented 1971 Mid-Central Meeting, Amer-
ican Society Agricultural Engineers. Paper No MC-
71-804. 21 p. 6 fig. 2 tab, 9 ret USD! Public Law
88-379, HEW EC 00283-02.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion.
Farm lagoons, BkxJegradution, Ammonia, Hogs,
Disposal, Temperature, Hydrogen ion concentra-
tion. Nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen compounds, Labora-
tory tests, *Mass transfer, 'Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Anaerobic lagoons, 'Nitrogen
balance. Ammonia desorption. Nitrogen transfor-
mations. Swine.
The loss of ammonia from an anaerobic manure
lagoon has been monitored by measurement of am-
monia concentrations in air surrounding the lagoon
and by a nitrogen balance for the same lagoon from
Nov. I "69 - Oct. 1970. Theoretical considerations
of desorption and data from the lagoon indicate
thai the nitrogen has to the air can be predicted.
An anaerobic lagoon may well be a nitrogen sink if
no liquid must be removed from it. The rate of am-
monia desorption from a lagoon surface is ac-
celerated by increasing alkaline pH, higher tem-
peratures, and increasing wind velocities.
(Chrislenhury-lowa Slate)
0497 - Dl
DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Mo.
Transportation and Facilities Research Div.
Herman F. Mayes.
Paper presented at the 1971 Mid-Central Meeting
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Paper
NoMC-71-805.15p,2fig,4ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Fertilizers, 'Dehydra-
tion, Disposal, Livestock, Economics, Marketing,
Economic feasibility. Operating, Storage, Operat-
ing costs. Operation and maintenance. Costs,
Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Dchydiator design.
Four large terminal livestock markets have been
dehydrating cattle and sheep manure since the
early 1950's. The dehydrated manure is being
merchandised as a specialty fertilizer. The design
features of these dchydratora. the operating
problems and some typical operating costs are
reviewed. These markets have shown that animal
wastes can be dehydrated and marketed. While a
profit may not have been realized from the sale of
this dehydrated manure, it may have been the
cheapest method of disposal. (Christcnbury-lowa
State)
0498 - A2, Bl, Fl
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE
FEEDLOTS,
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada,
Okla.
J. L. Witherow. and M. R. Scalf.
Mimeo, September 1970, 2 fig. EPA Program
Mimeo, Septemb
13040—09/70.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution
sources, Cattle, Surface runoff. Waste disposal
Waste water disposal. Waste water treatment.
Feed lots, Livestock, Confinement pens, Manage-
ment. ^ '
The nature and cause of water pollution from cat-
tle feedlots is briefly described. Current waste
management alternatives are dependent upon the
rational for land disposal. Two major research pro-
jects are described on irrigation with rainfall ru-
noff from the feedpen and on rates of manure
disposal on crop lands. Unconventional waste
management alternatives involve production
process change, reuse of waste through pyrolysis,
or refeeding and redesign of the production facili-
ties. (EPA abstract)
0499 - Cl, D4
MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA
AND MANAGEMENT,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dcpt. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
Harry J.Eby.
ASAE Paper No 61-935. Agricultural Engineering
Journal, Vol 43, p 698-701, 714-715, Dec 1962. 6
rig, I tab, 19 ret
Descriptors: 'Farm lagoons, 'Design criteria.
Water temperature, Sewage treatment, Aerobic
bacteria. Aquatic plants. Anaerobic bacteria. Al-
gae, Biochemical oxygen demand. Oxidation
lagoons. Sludge. Photosynthctk oxygen, Farm
wastes. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Site selection. Loading.
Criteria to be considered when designing a lagoon
for treatment of wastes produced by animals in
confinement is discussed. It mentions situations
where lagoons would not be feasible. Seven criteria
for site selection are given. The physical, chemical
and biological factors discussed include tempera-
ture, light, specific gravity, mixing, nutritional ef-
fects, pH effects, toxic effects, and interrelation-
ship of biological species. Also mentioned is the
algal-bacterial relationship. Design factors for size
and volume are given. The article concludes with
management problems encountered such as float-
ing debris, overloading, intermittent loading,
aquatic weeds and sludge build-up. (Parker-Iowa
State)
0500 - AS, D4
ANAEROBIC LAGOONS: CONSIDERATIONS
IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION,
Cornell Univ., Nhaca.N.Y.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers. Vol 11. p .120-122 and UO IVA8
2 fig, 4 tab, 14 rcf.
Descriptor*: 'Farm lagoons. 'Anaerobic digestion
•Design. 'Solids, Anaerobic conditions. Farm
wanles. Temperature, Gases. Biochemical oxygen
demand, Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Solids removal. Louding. Cias produc-
tion, effluent quality.
Design and application of unucrohio lagoons for
treatment at wastes from fiimi uiiimnls in confine-
ment is described. The purpose for anaerobic
lagoons u given in relation to iivrohiv lagoons and
other treatment sptoiis. The article proceeds to
discuss si/o requirements. Jouding restrictions and
mixing, omit natural and mechanical as required
Ouaiuiiivs a,,,] uua|i,y ,,r g.,s prtK|uc,jlin ar<;
discussed a* well a* temperature raUtioaahipt lo
gat production and other operating conditions, A
short analysis of effluent quality is presented. Solids
removal is discussed in some length. The article
concludes by mentioning some difficulties such *»
potent effluent, warm temperature requirements
and odon due to biochemical imbalance. (Parker-
Iowa State)
0501 - A8, D4
INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY CONTROL BY
COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURES,
Orange County Health Department, Santa Ana.
Roy E. Eastwood, Jimmy M. Kade, Robert B.
Schoenburg.and Harold W. Brydon.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 60, No 1 p
K8-98, Feb 1967.7 fig, 7 tab, 5 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Aerobic con-
ditions, Temperature, Degradation, Decomposing
organic matter, Aeration, Mixing, Larvae, Bulk
density. Volume, Moisture content. Nitrogen.
Identifiers: 'Composting, Fly problems. Fly pupae
Windrows.
Windrow composting of poultry manure was in-
vestigated during several months of the year.
Results obtained indicated that manure does not
have to be ground prior to composting. Bulking and
drying materials are not required in composting
poultry manure. Fly larvae were reduced in num-
bers during the composting process so that they
would not create a fly problem. Poultry manure
once composted is not suitable as an oviponition
site for adult flies and the subsequent development
of larvae. A twice-weekly turning schedule with a
manure spreader is desirable lo help prevent fly lar-
vae from pupiting and emerging by bringing them
into contact with the hot interior of the pile.
(White-Iowa State)
0502 - B2, C3
MANURE PRODUCTION BY BROILERS,
Maine Univ.,Orono. Dept. of Animal Science.
R.W.Gerry.
Poultry Science, Vol 47, p 339-340, 1968. 2 tab.4
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Feeds,
Moisture content, Calcium, Phosphorus, Proteins.
Identifiers: 'Manure production. Poultry litter.
Broilers. Dry droppings, Wood shavings, Crude
protein.
A test was conducted in which White Mountain x
White Rock cross broiler were reared to 53 days of
age and fed a modified New England College Con-
ference starting ration. Actual production of dry
matter which did not include the bedding or the
moisture in the litter was 867 kilograms per 1000
males, 658 kilograms per 1000 females, and 748
kilograms per 1000 mixed sexes. The average
amount of manure (litter) removed at the end of
the test period was 1602 kilograms per 1000 birds.
This litter included an average of about 500 kilo-
grams of wood shavings per 1000 birds and
analyzed 23 percent moisture. During the test
period there was a marked increase in crude
protein, calcium and phosphorus content of the
litter. (White-Iowa State)
0503 - C4
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP
POULTRY LITTER,
Edinburgh Univ. (Scotland). Dept. of Bacteriology
Henrietta Schefferle.
Journal Applied Bacteriology, Vol 28. No 3 p 403-
411,1965. 5 tab. 7 ref. .
Descriptors: 'Microbiology, 'Bacteria, Farm
wastes, Poultry, Odor, Fungi, Aerobic conditions
Laboratory tests, Alkalinity, Enteric bacteria, Lac-
255
-------
lobacillus, Hydrogen ion concentration. Tempera-
ture, Moisture content.
Identifiers; Litter, Coryneform bacteria, En-
lerococci.
The numbers of viable bacteria in built up poultry
litter were found to be 10 to the 10th power -10 to
the 11 th power/g fresh weight and appeared to be
little affected by factor* such a* age, temperature,
moisture content and pH. Counts for unused litter
and poultry droppings were lower. In built up litter
of high alkalinity coryneform bacteria were
predominant; micrococci occurred sporadically
and small numbers of nocardias, streptomycetes,
aerobic spore formers and streptococci were en-
countered. A variety of Gram negative bacteria
aUo occurred, the numbers of which appeared to
be controlled by alkalinity; they were less abundant
in litters where the pH and buffering capacity were
high. Strongly alkaline conditions also tended to
lower the fungal counts but had no effect on the
count of enterococci. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
0504 - D2, Fl
COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY
MANURE.
Poultry Digest, p 143. Mar 1971.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration. 'Costs,
Poultry, Equipment, Fertilizers, 'Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Shelf life.
Conventional dehydrating equipment is available
for drying poultry manure. However, the cost of the
processed manure is likely to exceed $20 per ton. A
two-stage drying process has been developed that
brings the cost down to S7.60 per ton for a product
with 10% moisture. The final product is a fine
powder, free of offensive odors, has shelf life and it
has the qualities required for sale as an organic fer-
tilizer. It contains 4 to 5% nitrogen, 3% phosphoric
acid, and 2.5*$ potash. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0505 - Bl, C5
CONFINEMENT REARING OF TURKEYS.
Amerine National Corp., Oakdsle, Calif. Hastings
Div.
Douglas C. Ferebee.
Poultry Digest, pi 10-112, Mar 1971.2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Ventilation, 'Management, 'Con-
finement pens, Farm wastes. Equipment, Hazards,
Poultry. Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Psychrometric chart, Overventilation,
Turkeys.
Some management functions that can lead to max-
imzing returns from turkey production are
discussed. To get the most out of any ventilation
system, whether it is positive or negative pressure,
knowledge of psychrometrics by the person doing
the ventilating U essential. It is possible to overven-
tilate a total confinement home or to undcrventi-
late it. Much can be gained from having ther-
mostats located outside where outdoor conditions
can be used to provide a better environment inside.
Good, not necessarily new, in-house equipment is
vital for optimum results from confinement
production. (Christenbury-lowa State)
0506 - A2, C2
CATTLE FERDLOT RUNOFF • ITS NATURE
AND VARIATION,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dcpt, of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
J. R. Miner, R. I. Upper, L. R. Fina.and J. W.
Funk.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
38,p 1582-1591,1966.8 fig. II tab, 12ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Bacteria,
Cattle, Simulated rainfall, Hydrographs. Chemical
oxygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand.
Nitrogen, Temperature, Pollutants, Water pollu-
tion sources.
Identifiers: Kjeldahl nitrogen, Feedlot runoff.
Suspended solids. Chemical quality, Most probable
number.
Runoff from cattle fecdloti is a high-strength or-
ganic waste produced during and immediately after
rainfall. These studies indicated that greatest pollu-
tant concentrations are obtained during warm
weather, during periods of low rainfall intensity,
and when the manure has been made soluble by
soaking with water. Correlations were developed to
predict runoff oxygen demand and nitrogen con-
tent based on these factors. In addition, the follow-
ing points were demonstrated: (1) Feedlot runoff is
a source of high concentrations of bacteria nor-
mally considered as indices of sanitary quality, and
(2) runoff from a concrete-surfaced lot was more
heavily polluted than that from a npnsurfaccd lot
under similar conditions. (Christcnbury-lowa
State)
0507 - El, F4
ANIMAL WASTES,
Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science.
L. R.Webber.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. Vol 26,
No 2. p 47-50, Mar-Apr 1971.21 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Pollutants,
Pollution abatement, Oroundwater, Farm lagoons.
Treatment. Anaerobic digestion. Aerobic treat-
ment. Management. Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Contamination. FeedloU, Waste
removal. Composting.
Some waste management problems resulting from
high-density confinement of livestock are
discussed. Treatment and disposal of the waste
material causes the most troublesome problems.
There are many systems in use, with anaerobic or
aerobic lagoon treatment more common. Man h»«
always used land as the ultimate disposal medium
for many kinds of waste. Agriculture finds itself in
the challenging position of being able to use or
dispose of vast quantities of animal wastes without
polluting the water, soil, or air. (Christenbury-lowa
State)
0508 - A5, A6, C3
AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science.
William E. Burnett.
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 3, No
8, p 744-749, Aug 1969. 6 fig, 2 tab, 21 ref. N.Y.
State Dcpt. of Health C-l 101 USDA. ARS 12-14-
100-9092(44).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollutant identifica-
tion. 'Odor, Air pollution, Cat chromatography,
Organic compounds, Organic acids. Aromatic
compounds. Poultry, Laboratory tests.
Identifiers: 'Malodor, 'Odorous compounds,
•Odor identification, Liquid poultry manure.
A combination of gas chromatographlc and or-
ganolcptic techniques was used to determine the
chemical compounds responsible for the offensive
odor of accumulated liquid poultry manure. The
volatile odorous substances were trapped and con-
centrated in short sections of gas chromatographic
columns held at -78C., separated by gal chro-
matography and identified by the correspondence
between relative retention time and the odors of
the peaks for the unknowns and authentic com-
pounds: Mcrcaptans, sulfidcs, and dlketones were
identified. Volatile organic acids and the nitrogen
hetcrocycles. indole and skatole, were also
identified, using direct injections of liquid manure
supernatant and standard gas chromatographic
techniques. The sulfur compounds, organic acids.
and skatole were implicated as important
malodorous components involved in air pollution.
The prevention of the formation of the malodorous
substances was suggested as the best means of con-
trol of air pollution from animal wastes. (Hazen-
lowa State)
0509 - C3
THE METAL COMPLEXING CAPACITY AND
THE NATURE OF THE CHELAT1NG LIGANDS
OF WATER EXTRACT OF POULTRY LITTER,
Georgia, Univ., Athens. Dcpt. of Agronomy.
K. H. Tan, R. A. Leonard, A. R. Bertrand, and S. R.
Wilkinson.
Georgia Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Series Paper No.
760. Soil Science Society of American
Proceedings. Vol 35. No 2. p 265-269, Mar 1971. J
fig, I tab, 23 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Organic matter, 'Or-
ganic wastes, 'Infrared radiation, dictation.
Analytical techniques. Chemical reactions.
Laboratory tests.
Identifiers: 'Poultry litter, • Infrared identification.
Infrared analysis, Organic waste products, Com-
plcxing agents. Chelating llgands.
The metal complexing capacity and the nature of
the chclating Icgands of organic matter extracted
from broiled house litter were studied by ion-
exchange equilbrium and dissolution method* and
infrared to exhibit a significant chclating effect On
the equations Cu2... 2n2.., Mg2.., and AI3... The
amount of organic matter complexed by one mote
of metal and the stability of metal complexes in-
creased with increasing pH in the cases of Cu-, Mg-
. and At- complexes. Infrared analysis revealed
spectograma of the ligands similar to those ob-
tained by polysaccharldes. Functional group
frequency vibration comparisons ar 3,500, 3,200,
1,610. and 1,400 cm-1 showed that the formation
of stable metal complexes involved carboxyc elec-
trovalent linkages and probably hydroxyl and/or
umlno coordinate linkages. (Hazcn-lowa State)
0510 - Cl, Dl, El
CATTLE, SWINE AND CHICKEN MANURE
CHALLENGES WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS,
Connecticut Univ., Storrs,
R.Laak.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 117. No 4, p 134-
138, April 1970.8 tab, 30 ref.
Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Cattle, Waste .water
(Pollution), Costi, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potash.
Fertilizers, Disposal, Pollution, Livestock, 'Hogs,
Poultry, Nitrogen compounds. Phosphorus com-
pounds, 'Farm wastes.
Identifiers: Chicken, Feedlots.
In the United States today approximately 0.66 bil-
lion Ibs per day of manure must be extensively
treated or destroyed. The trends in agriculture in-
dicate that more livestock will be confined in the
future, the concentration of the wastes increased,
and the volume of manure per animal slowly
reduced. Extensive data was collected and is
presented giving the general characteristics of fecei
and urine of cattle, swine, and poultry as well as the
quantitative consumption of feed, nitrogen,
phosphorous, and potash. The manure charac-
teristics are said to be changing and therefore the
treatment process principles must also be changed.
Costs and land requirements are given for manure
disposal and in extensive outline enumerates the
large variety of available disposal methods along
with each one's particular drawback. The average
cost of manure separation and final disposal must
be a1 fraction of $3 to J40 per ton. (Hancuff-Texas)
0511 - Cl, C5, E3
ANIMAL WASTE REUSE-NUTRITIVE VALUE
AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED
ADDITIVES-A REVIEW.
256
-------
Agricultural Research Service, Ucllsville, Md.
Animul Science Kc search.
ARS 44-244. Feh 1971. 56 p, 3 tab. I84ref.
Descriptors: *Karm wastes, * Additives, * Feeds,
Ruminants, Poultry, Cattle, Diets, Hazards, Hogs,
Biodegradation, Pathogenic bacteria, Larvicides,
Pest control, Organophosphorus, Nutrients.
Identifiers: 'Literature review, * Residues, Swine,
Hormones, Antibiotics, Disease control. Growth
adjuvants, Excretion data. Registration, Non-nutri-
tive.
This i* a report of literature on the nutritional value
of animal wastes and the potential problems that
may occur when compounds other than nutrient*
are added to animal feed. The non-nutritive feed
additives discussed arc as follows: Pellet binders,
flavoring agents, enzymes; Antibiotics, arsenicals,
nitrofurans, (low level feeding); Antifungals, larvi-
cidcs; Broad-spectrum, absorbable antibiotics
(high level therapeutic use); Chemicals used to
potentiate curative properties of antibiotics; Coc-
cidiostats, worming drugs, antioxidants; Carote-
noid sources, hormones; Reserpine, aspirin, and
tranquilizing drugs. (White-Iowa State)
0512 - C5
FECAl. RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES--
POULTRY,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Animal Science Research.
C.C.Calvert.
In: Animal Waste Reuse—Nutritive Value and
Potential Problems from Feed Additives—A
Review. ARS 44-224, p !4-l9,Feb 1971.
Descriptors: 'Additives, 'Feeds, 'Poultry, Farm
wastes. Pollutants, Diets, Hazards, Water pollution.
Identifiers: Antibiotics, Arsenicals, Nitrofurans,
Growth adjuvants, Soil pollution.
To keep pace with the increased demand for eggs
and poultry meat, the feed manufacturers and
producers have used more and more feed additives.
There is a concern with what these additives may
contribute to air, soil, and water pollution after
they have performed whatever function they may
have in the animal body. The nonnutritive feed ad-
ditives commonly found in poultry feed are
discussed. These include pellet binders, flavoring
agents, enzymes, antibiotics, arsenicals, and
nitrofurans; antifungal agents, coccidiostats and
worming drugs, antioxidants, carotenoid sources,
hormones, rcserpinc, aspirin and tranquiliy.ing
drugs arc being added to poultry feeds. (See also
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0513 - C3, C5
FECAL RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES-
SWINE,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Animal Science Research.
L.T. Frobish.
In: Animal Waste Reuse-Nutritive Value and
Potential Problems from Feed Additives—A
Review. ARS 44-224, p 19-27, Fcb 1971.
Descriptors: 'Additives, 'Hogs, 'Feeds, Farm
wastes, Hazards, Pollutants, Growth rates, Diets.
Identifiers: Swine,Diethylstilbcstrol.
This paper discusses the major feed additives as-
sociated with swine production. They are: an-
tibiotics, arsenicals, copper, nitrofurans, sulfona-
mides and hormones. Many compounds have been
used for the treatment of specific diseases in swine
hut when incorporated into the diet at low levels
may have growth promoting properties. There is lit-
tle available information on the metabolites of an-
•tihiotic degradation, their excretion, and possible
distribution in the soil and finally into plants. Ar-
sanilic acid is the most common arsenical com-
pound used in swine diets. There is very limited
data on excretion of many of the additives and their
subsequent effect on the environment.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0514 - C3, C5
FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND
ANTIBIOTICS-BEEF CATTLE,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Animal Science Research.
D. A. Dinius.
In: Animal Waste Reuse-Nutritive Value and
Potential Problems from Feed Additives-A
Review. ARS 44-224, p 27-32, Feb 1971.
Descriptors: Farm wastes, Cattle, Feeds, Diets
Degradation (Decomposition), Biodegradation.
Identifiers: 'Hormones, 'Antibiotics, Disease con-
trol. Concentrations, Implant, Excretion data.
The interest in hormones excreted by animals
which may be recycled through plants and back to
man or animals is with the natural and synthetic es-
trogens, androgens, and progestins. This discussion
deals only with these. Other hormones, such a» fol-
licle stimulating hormone and lutcinizing hormone,
may be present in animal excreta but they occur in
small concentrations and are readily biodegrada-
ble; thus, they are of little ecological concern. Cer-
tain antibiotics are frequently added to the high-
grain ratios commonly fed to finishing beef cattle.
A review summarising some of the research that
has been conducted with these antibiotics, particu-
larly in reference to the potential for recycling
through feedstuff's is presented. Plants will not ab-
sorb from the soil measurable quantities of the an-
tibiotics commonly fed to cattle.
(Christenbury-lowa State)
0515 - A8, C5
FKCAl. RESIDUES FROM I.ARVICIDES-
POULTRY AND CATTLE,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Animal Science Research.
R. W. Miller.
Also in Bulletin of the Entomological Society of
America as Larvicidcs for Kly Control - A Review,
by R. W. Miller, Vol 16, No 3, p I54-I5R, Sept
IU7(>. In: Animal Waste Reuse-Nutritive Value
and Potential Problems from Feed Additives-A
Review. ARS 44-224. p 33-41, Feb 1971. 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'l.arvicides. Larvae,
Pathogenic bacteria. Boron, Organnphosphorus,
Pesticides, Cattle, Poultry, Feeds, Pesticide
residues. Pest control.
Identifiers: Fly larvae. Feed additives, Residue*, Fly
control, Animal manures, Registration.
One of the host method* for control of flies is
through the use of lurvicides, applied either directly
to the manure, or as a feed additive. Research was
conducted a« early as 1928 on feed additives to
make the feccs unfavorable for the development of
horn fly larvae. In 1954, organophosphorua insecti-
cides began receiving a great deal of attention as
possible feed-additive larvicidcs for the control of
flies around both poultry and cattle operations.
Although a great deal of research has been con-
ducted on find suitable feed-additive larvicides for
fly control around poultry and cattle manure, no in-
secticides are registered for commercial feed-addi-
tive use with poultry and only one has a registration
for use with lactaling dairy cattle. Three insecti-
cides have registrations for feed-additive use with
beef cattle. (Christenbury- Iowa State)
0516 - F4
PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE
AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CON-
FERENCE.
Wisconsin Univ., Madison.
University Extension, The University of Wisconsin,
November 6-7,1969. 129 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Hogs,
•Poultry, 'Environment, Social aspects^
Economic, Political aspects. Psychological aspects.
Air pollution, Water pollution. Soil contamination.
Identifiers: 'Management conference.
This conference was held for technical and ad-
ministrative staff of local, state, regional and
federal agencies; for industries and for private
citizens who are concerned about or have a respon-
sibility related to the proper management of wastes
from farm animal enterprises in Wisconsin. It was
an introductory meeting at which the dimensions of
the problems were examined, research was
reviewed, some alternative manure handling
methods were highlighted, public agency roles
were outlined and two existing local programs were
described. Small group discussions explored future
program and research needs. (White-Iowa State)
0517 - Cl
QUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
FARM-ANIMAL WASTES,
Public Health Service, Chicago, III. Bureau of Solid
Waste Management.
Ralph J. Black, and William 0. Kehr.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, November 6-7,
1969,p 17-21.3 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution.
Population, Pollution abatement, Confinement
pens, California, Solid wastes, Dissolved oxygen,
Water quality. Hogs, Cattle, Poultry, Nutrients,
Sewage sludge.
Identifiers: Meat consumption. Livestock produc-
tion, Population equivalent, Land disposal.
The paper points out that an increased population
will require much more beef and poultry, thus in-
creasing the agricultural waste problem. Confine-
ment feeding is firmly established, and, while the
number of feeding operations is expected to
decline, the total production will be increased. The
importance of agricultural wastes is brought out in
a table showing quantities of solid wastes generated
in California. This is magnified by population
equivalent data which states that animal wastes
were equivalent in pollutional affect to 10 times
that of the nation's population. Data is presented
on quantities produced and the nutrient value of
animal wastes. It is economically unfeasible to util-
ize this waste for ita fertilizer value. The quantity of
animal wastes will increase, as will the management
problems associated with its handling, treatment
and disposal. (White-Iowa State)
0518 - A3,-A9
HEALTH PROBLEMS,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Bacteriology
Elizabeth McCoy.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, November 6-7,
1969. p 22-24.
Descriptors: 'Public health, 'Farm wastes, •Bac-
teria. Water pollution, Soil contamination,
Coliforms, E. Coli. Streptococcus, Soil, Loam,
Rates of application, Sampling, Cores, Adsorption,
Percolation.
Identifiers: 'Emerocci, Miami silt loam. Die-off.
Animal wastes contain enormous amounts of pollu-
tion bacteria. If it finds its way to surface or well
waters the water would be reported as 'con-
taminated.' Bacterial counts made on fresh feces
gave the following values: Coliform, 100,000 -
1,000,000/gm.; Enterococci, 1,000,000
10,000,000/gm. Experiments were done to trace
pollution bacteria in manure applied to'soil. Five
gallon pails (with bottoms cut out) were set to
257
-------
about three-fourtht of their depth in a Held of
Miami lilt loam. Appllcatloni of a manure/water
ilurry were made in 15, 30, and 80 toni per acre
amounti. Both typei of bacteria were adsorbed
with S98..» removal by 14 inchei. The soil acti at a
very efficient filter. (White- Iowa State)
0519 - AS, A10
AESTHETICS AND ODORS,
Wliconiin Dept. of Natural Reiourcei, Madlion.
Douglas Evans.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Wane and By-
product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, November 6-7,
1969, p 25-26.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, Aesthetics,
Anaerobic conditions, Hydrogen lulfide.
Identifiers: 'Odor threshold, Public nuisance, Odor
panel, Odor meaiurement.
The difficulty of evaluating the offenaiveneis of
odors is their subjective nature. Odors from farm
animal wastes, particularly anaerobically generated
are, In general, offensive, but the substances in-
volved and the thresholds of detection are little
known. Typical odor thresholds are given when
determined by a trained panel. A method is out-
lined for eliminating panel members inaensitive to
odors. More needs to be known about the type,
quantity and odor threshold of the varioua com-
pounds involved in farm animal wastes. From this
better methods of treating, storing, handling and
dliposing of wastei may be developed which will
reduce or eliminate the odor problem.
(White-Iowa State)
0520 - Al. Bl
DEAD ANIMALS AND HOW THEY CON-
TRIBUTE TO POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRON-
MENT,
Department of Agriculture, Madiion, Wit.
A. A. Erdmann.
In: Proceedinga of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wlaconain, November 6-7,
1969, p 27-29.
Descriptori: Transportation, Coats, Liveitock,
Legislation, Water pollution, Environment,
Wisconsin.
Identifier!: 'Dead animal diaposal, 'Rendering
plants, Slaughter plant scraps. Carcasses.
The article deacribes why dead animals are fait
becoming a pollution problem. Where once render-
Ing planti paid to pick up dead animali they now
charge livestock owners a fee for pick-up and
diaposal of livestock loues. The number of dead
animali being lent to rendering planti has
decreaied by about SO**. Some legislation concern-
ing the problem is encouraging. The author expects
the problem of dead animal disposal to increase in
the future. The problems of the rendering plant in-
dustry, such as added labor coats, collection costs,
and, perhaps most important, the inferior product
resulting from such operations, will probably make
it necessary to use a different method of disposal of
dead animals than is now followed.
(White-Iowa State)
0521 - A3, C3
WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madiion.
F. H. Schraufnagel.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 30-32
November 6-7,1969. 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Farm wastes, Water
pollution sources, Fiihkill, Fish, Dissolved oxygen.
Nutrients, Nitrogen, Nitrates, Phosphorus,
Eutrophication, Base flow, Ammonia, Coliforms,
Cattle, Wisconsin.
Identifiers: 'Land disposal, Concentrations,
Fcedlots.
Probably the biggest concern in Wisconsin about
pollution from farm animal wastei Is became of
their nutrients. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the
two significant nutrients causing eutrophication in
lakes and itreama. Land disposal is usually an effec-
tive way to prevent pollution except when wastei
are applied to frozen ground. Data from the
nutrient content of base flows generally indicates
that percolation through the ground eliminates
most of the phosphorus and nitrogen. The potential
for pollution from animal wastes is very great. The
likelihood of pollution from cattle will increase
with manure fluldization and water carriage
systems. The maintenance of water quality depends
on research and development of techniques to con-
trol the problem. (White- Iowa State)
0522 - F4
FUTURE TRENDS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUC-
TION,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Coll. of Agriculture.
Robert W. Bray.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 33-35,
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastei, 'Liveitock, Cattle,
Poultry, Hogi, Automation, Confinement pens,
Odors, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: * Liveitock numbers, Dairy cattle, Beef
cattle, Feedlots, Horses, Wane management.
The author summarizes the article by saying that
(I) livestock numbers will increase in the future
and (2) the most economical management systems
for all classes of livestock will result in larger num-
bers and more confinement in each livestock enter-
prise. Thus, the solid waste management or
disposal problems aasoclated with livestock
production In Wisconsin will become more com-
plex. The author gives his ideaa as to what changes
in production can be expected for dairy, beef,
swine, poultry, and other operations.
(White-Iowa State)
0523 - Al, Bl, F4
WHAT AND WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL
SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL WASTES
AND BY-PRODUCTS IN WISCONSIN,
Wisconsin Univ., Madiion.
M. T. Beatty, J. E. Kerrigan, and W. K. Porter.
In: Proceeding! of Farm Animal Waste and By-
product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 36-57,
November 6-7,1969.4 tab, 12 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Wisconsin, 'Spatial
distribution, Environment, Soils, Surface waters,
Groundwater, Land resources. Livestock, Cattle,
Hogs, Poultry, Population, Geology, Hydrology,
Precipitation, Standards, Water quality. Nitrogen,
Nitrates, Odor, Watersheds, Bedrock.
Identifiers: 'By-products, Earth resources. Soil as-
sociations, Critical situations.
Where and to what extent various kinds of critical
situations develop, depends on the interaction of
several components of the waste production and
management system. These include: the kinds and
amounts of wastes and by-products produced; the
spatial distribution of the sources; the proximity to
people; the physical environment- characteristics
of the soils, the landscape, the surface water and
groundwater systems, and; the uses and demands
on water and land resources. Numerous tables and
charts point up the importance of these com-
ponents. Seven critical situations, the problems and
locations involved, are then explained. They in-
clude livestock concentrations near urban areas.
large livestock concentrations, livestock in
watersheds with lakes, and livestock concentra-
tions on shallow soils over previous bedrock as well
as others. (White-Iowa State)
0524 - Bl
CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY
MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
0.1. Berge, E. G. Bruns.T. J. Brevik, and L. A.
Brooks.
In: Proceedings of the Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 58-69
November 6-7,1969. 10 tab, I fig, 1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Labor, Odor,
Investment, Storage, Storage tanks, Annual costs]
Value, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Urine,
Equipment, Wisconsin.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Manure disposal
systems, Hauling, Stacking, Manure handling.
Different methods of handling dairy manure and
disposing of it are discussed. Advantages and disad-
vantages are listed. The three basic systems include
daily hauling, stacking, and liquid manure storage.
Investment and annual costs are compared for the
three systems under similar stanchion and free stall
housing operations. Dairy manure is valued at
Jl.40/ton for its nutrient content. Various types of
handling equipment are discussed as well as a few
disposal methods. (White-Iowa State)
0525 - D4
ENGINEERING RESEARCH ON FARM
ANIMAL MANURE,
Wisconsin Univ., Madiion. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
Clyde Barth.
In: Proceeding! of Farm Animal Watte and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 70-79,
November 6-7,1969. 2 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biological treatment.
Disposal, Livestock, Anaerobic digestion. Waste
storage, Lagoons, Aerobic treatment, Watte dilu-
tion, Temperature, Rotori, Irrigation, Odor, Gases,
Identifiers: 'Waste management, Waste charac-
teristics, Anaerobic lagoon, Aerobic lagoon, Ox-
idation ditch, Composting, BOD removal. Land ap-
plication, Coprophagy, Chemical treatment. Solid-
manure waste.
The article reviews different treatment and disposal
methods which are currently being used or in-
vestigated. Anaerobic and aerobic lagoons are used
but are limited by temperature and odor problems.
The oxidation ditJi can be used for swine but its
use is uncertain for wastes from other livestock.
Composting, though effective, lacks a market for
its finished product. Land application continues to
be the most widely used type of livestock waste
disposal. Irrigation and plow-furrow-cover applica-
tions are a modification of land disposal. Chemical
treatment, dehydration, incineration, and
coprophagy are being studied, but no conclusions
have been drawn. Odor and gas production are
problems not well understood and difficult to con-
trol. Solid manure, because of the lack of problems
associated with its handling, deserves serious con-
sideration in any animal waste handling situation.
(White-Iowa State)
0526 - F4
NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL
WASTE DISPOSAL,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Chicago, III. Lake Michigan Basin Office.
JacobO. Dumelle.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
product Management Conference, University Ex-
Z58
-------
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 80-81,
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Research and
development, Grants, Algae, Air pollution. Water
pollution, Soil contamination, Nutrients.
Identifiers: 'FWPCA, Activated algae. Feedlots,
Oxidation ditch.
The article gives brief descriptions of research pro-
jects which the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration is helping to fund. One such project
under way in California is trying to determine the
practicability of producing and harvesting algae to
remove nutrients from agricultural drainage
waters. Other projects involve cattle feedlot runoff,
and dairy waste waters. Besides research on treat-
ment methods, some projects are trying to find out
how much nutrient runs off, and how much gets
into water. (White-Iowa State)
0527 - Al
WATER RESOURCES CENTER RESEARCH ON
ANIMAL WASTES AND WATER QUALITY,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Water Resources
Center.
J. E. Kerrigan.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 82-85,
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water quality,
Eutrophication, Research and development,
Wisconsin, Legislation, Water resources, Environ-
ment, Resources.
Identifiers: 'Water Resources Center, Water
research.
The function and goals of the University of Wiscon-
sin's Water Resources Center are pointed out. The
Center got its start from faculty committees formed
to study groundwater and subsequently lakes and
streams. It was then assigned state responsibility by
the legislature for the coordination and administra-
tion of an interagency water resources research and
data collection program. Lists of objectives and
functions of the Water Resources Center are given.
If Wisconsin is to have a well balanced research
program for water quality management, it is neces-
sary to direct the limited available financial support
to researchers with specially developed talents to
solve specific problems that merit consideration. A
generous amount of effort must be expended to
identify the real problems. (White-Iowa State)
0528 - F4
THERE'S HOPE AHEAD,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Poultry
Science.
John Skinner.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 86-90,
November 6-7,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Odor, Land use,
Population, Management, Poultry, Foods, Agricul-
ture.
Identifiers: Manure handling, Public relations,
Goals, Land use planning.
Examples are cited of problems which have been
turned into profitable industries; this can also be
done with animal wastes. The increasing urban
population will demand that animal wastes and
their associated odors be disposed of at least cost to
the meat consuming public. We must first dedicate
ourselves to finding answers to the animal waste
disposal problem. We muit have full realization
and appreciation of the cause, extent and con-
sequences of the problem by all concerned. Better
land use planning is needed as well as progressive
regulations and laws. Better public relations mutt
be created for all of agriculture and agriculturally
related industries. Emphasis is placed on realizing
the consequences of what we are doing today The
author proposes a goal of 'rendering inoffensive
those parts of animal waste and by-products which
are disagreeable to the public in general'
(White-Iowa State)
0529 - F3
INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL, STATE AND
LOCAL ACTION PROGRAMS TO SOLVE
ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
Douglas A. Yanggen.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product 'Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 91, November
6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Water pollution,
Agriculture, Environment, Government supports,
Cost sharing, Education. Regulation.
Identifiers: 'Government programs, Technical
assistance, Subsidy.
An introduction is given for following articles on
governmental programs' which include technical
assistance, cost sharing, regulation and education
at federal, state and local levels. Those included il-
lustrate the various techniques for influencing
private decision making. (White-Iowa State)
0530 - Bl, F2
THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL WATER POL-
LUT1ON CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN
FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND THE BY-
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Chicago, III. Great Lakes Region.
Frank E. Hall.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 92-95
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution,
Research and development, Federal government,
Disposal. Grants, Water pollution control. Lake
Erie. Water quality. Standards, Legislation.
Identifiers: *FWPCA. Animal waste disposal,
Agricultural practices, Feedlots, Enforcement ac-
tions, Water quality standards.
A discussion is presented stating how the programs
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion relate to farm animal wastes and by-product
managemeht. Examples are given of government
and in-house research activities. Mention is given
of those FWPCA supported activities that relate
directly to the control of pollution from farm
animals. These include pollution surveillance and
water quality monitoring among others. The author
feels that the moil significant recent accomplish-
ment in water pollution control is the establishment
of water quality standards. (White-Iowa State)
0531 - A3, Bl
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM
THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE,
Soil Conservation Service, Madison, Wis.
Jack Densmore.
In: Proceedings of Farm •Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 96-97
November 6-7,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soil conservation,
Surface runoff, Diversion, Grassed waterways, Ter-
racing, Waste storage.
Identifiers: 'Technical assistance, Soil Conserva-
tion Service. Farm waste disposal, Feedlot.
. Situations in which technical assistance from the
Soil'Conservation Service (SCS) might be useful
for reducing pollution from farm wastes are listed.
Although the list is not all inclusive it gives an idea
of assistance that can be obtained. An inventory
and analysis of existing and potential areas where
farm waste disposal may be a problem is needed.
Technical assistance is available from the SCS to
help on farm waste disposal problems, under the
following limitations: (1) where the solutions in-
volve techniques of soil and water conservation;
(2) with the priorities established from time to time
by local soil and water conservation district super-
visors; and, (3) within the limitations of available
man-power. (White-Iowa State)
0532 - Bl, Fl
COST-SHAHING UNDER THE AGRICUL-
TURAL CONSERVATION PROGRAM,
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Ser-
vice, Madison, Wis.
Kenneth H. Hoover.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 98-100,
November 6-7,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, *Cost sharing. Pollu-
tion abatement, Soil conservation. Water conserva-
tion, Sedimentation.
Identifiers: ASCS, 'Agriculture Conservation Pro-
gram.
Practices and objectives of the Agricultural Con-
servation Program (ACP) have been broadened to
include pollution abatement, provided such prac-
tices also result in soil and/or water conservation.
The Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service (ASCS) manages program funds of the
ACP. A list of components that ought to be in-
cluded in pollution abatement cost-sharing prac-
tices is given. Most practices receive cost-sharing at
80% of cost. Farmer acceptance and financial con-
tribution are needed to accomplish the stated ob-
jectives. (White-Iowa State)
0533 - F2
THE REGULATORY ROLE OF THE DEPART-
MENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
Div. of Environmental Protection.
Thomas O. Frangos.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 101-104,
November 6-7,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legislation, Water
pollution. Pollution abatement. Wisconsin, Water
quality, Regulation, Industrial wastes.
Identifiers: 'Department of Natural Resources,
Feedlots.
Statutes which point out the authority for Wiscon-
sin water pollution abatement are cited. Other
statutes are aimed at prevention and enforcement
of sporadic discharges into streams. Based on these
statutes, it is clear that the Wisconsin Department
of Natural Resources has adequate authority to im-
plement a program of pollution abatement aimed at
any source of pollution. Difficulties in implementa-
tion include tradition, procedures, and lack of staff
and funds. Any solution to the complex animal
waste problem will Involve a mix of programs, com-
bining- regulation, research, education, financial
assistance, voluntary actions by landowners and
possibly even tolerance on the part of the non-farm
population. (White-Iowa State)
0534 - Al, A3
COLUMBIA COUNTY PROGRAM,
259
-------
Columbia County Office, Portage, Wis.
Joe Tuss.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
ProducI Management Conference. University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 105-107,
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Nitrates, Water pollu-
tion. Air pollution, Odor, Pollution abatement.
Zoning, Wells, Wisconsin.
Identifiers: Feedlots, Livestock concentration.
The Columbia County Extension Service was
charged with formulating a IS man farmer commit-
tee to study the present situation in view of pending
proposed requirements of animal and agricultural
waste disposal. It will make recommendations for
preventing agricultural pollution in current
problem areas and in expanding agricultural enter-
prises. A joint program by Columbia County
Health Services, Zoning Administration and the
University Extension formulated a project to sam-
ple well water for nitrates. Over 800 wells have
been sampled, Forty-three percent of the high
nitrate problem is on farms with high concentration
of livestock. The public's demand for clean air,
water and environment can be met by programs
which involve the items of concern mentioned as
well as others. (White-Iowa State)
0535 - A3
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH
COUNTY,
Walworth County Zoning and Sanitation Office.
' Elkhorn.Wis.
James Johnson.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference. University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 108-110
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Water pollution,
•Zoning, Pollution abatement. Eutrophication,
Nutrients, Water resources. Land use, Lakes, Ur-
banization, Education, Erosion control, Land
development, Regulation, Wisconsin.
Identifiers: Problem areas, Soil capabilities.
Feedlots, Regional Plan.
Increased urbanization resulting in land use con-
flicts is the overall problem in Walworth County.
Wisconsin. As a result, the water resources are
deteriorating at an alarming rate. Eutrophication,
erosion and nutrient pollution are the major causes.
The Regional Plan, properly implemented will
regulate growth in such a way as to prevent many
problems before they occur. The Walworth County
Sanitary Ordinance was a pioneering effort in pol-
lution control which regulated urban growth
through the use of soil surveys. The Ordinance will
implement zoning by denning 'County Conserva-
tion Standards'; which are all of the recommended
conservation practices of the Soil Conservation
Service. Much can he accomplished with local
regulations, but education is essential to sell the
program. (White-Iowa State)
0536 - F3
ROLE OF UNIVERSITY EXTENSION,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Oiv. of Economic and
Environmental Development.
Gale Vandeberg.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 111-113,
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment, Educa-
tion, Universities, Research and development.
Regulation, Water pollution, Wisconsin.
Identifiers. 'University Extension, Adult educa-
tion.
The challenge to Extension lies in the broad and
continuous education of the public so that a pleas-
ing and healthful environment may be maintained.
The University Extension combined with the
technical, financial and regulatory resources of
other state and federal agencies has the resources
to reduce the animal waste management problem.
The University Extension staff has the responsibili-
ty to help various groups and the public to un-
derstand the problems and the alternatives; to help-
people who need to organize for action to do so;
and to help groups and individuals to know what
they can do. h'ow to do it, and what resources are at
their disposal. (White-Iowa)
0537 - F4
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Meat and
Animal Science,
Richard H, Vilstrup.
In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By-
Product Management Conference, University Ex-
tension, University of Wisconsin, p 114-115,
November 6-7, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment,
Wisconsin, Technology, Education, Research and
development, Regulation, Legislation.
Identifiers: Waste management, Waste utilization.
The author attempts to briefly summarize the ideas
and presentations made at the conference. He
points out that the waste management problem has
many dimensions, including environmental, social,
economic, physical, political and psychological.
There is an increasing concern for the quality of en-
vironment in Wisconsin. As such, research and
education are needed in many areas. Five specific
recommendations for continued emphasis in the
waste management area are made. Recommenda-
tions are also made for educational development.
(White-Iowa State)
0538 - A2, Bl, Cl, C5, El
CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES FROM
SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS.
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources
Center.
Knvironmental Protection Agency, Water Pollu-
tion Control Research Series, January 1971. 87 p,
I
3 fig, 23 tab, 72 ref, 1 append. EPA Program
3040 DEM 01/71.
Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Livestock, Quality con-
trol. Analysis, Cattle, Confinement pens, Feed
lots, 'Farm wastes. Southwest U.S., 'Agricultural
runoff, Solid wastes, Irrigation, Texas, Water
reuse.
Identifiers: 'Quality of runoff, 'I.ubbock (Tex).
Research was conducted on experimental feedlots
in Lubbock, Texas, to determine the charac-
teristics of wastes from Southwestern cattle
feedlots. The feedlots were generally operated in a
manner conforming to normal commercial practice
in the area. They were provided with collection
pits that allowed the quantity of runoff to be mea-
sured accurately. Samples of runoff were col-
lected routinely both during rainstorms and from
the collection pits. Manure samples were also col-
lected routinely for analysis. The quantity of ru-
noff per unit area of concrete-surfaced lots is sub-
stantially greater than the quantity per unit area of
dirt-surfaced lots. Concentrations of pollutants in
concrete-lot runoff are substantially higher than
corresponding concentrations in runoff from dirt-
surfaced lots. The quantity of solid waste derived
from cattle fed an all-concentrate ration is less
than half as great as the quantity derived from cat-
tle fed a 12 percent roughage ration. Additional
studies showed that all solid waste derived from
cattle feeding operations are readily compostible,
although the rate of composting is influenced to
some extent by the type of ration, moisture con-
tent of the waste on the feedlot floor, and other
factors. Agronomic studies indicate .that runoff
can be used for irrigation of crops, but extreme
caution is required in the application of runoff to
crops to prevent damage to them. (Dorland-Iowa
State)
0539 - A2, Bl, F2
PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City. Mo.
Kansas City, Department of the Interior, February
1969.40 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Water pollu-
tion control.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot pollution control, 'State
status reports, Animal production, Model feedlot
regulation, Animal waste management.
An objective of the conference was to review the
problem, as it exists today, of animal waste
management. Information was given on how to
conduct a state inventory of feedlots. A report was
given on the Kansas animal waste control program.
Control devices for animal feedlot runoff were
discussed. The results of some feedlot pollution
control research in Colorado and Nebraska was
given. Status reports of 9 state pollution control
programs were given, as well as model feedlot regu-
lation design. (white-Iowa Slate)
0540 - F4
INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Texas State Legislature, Austin.
W. Clayton.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February
1969. p 5-7. ''
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Regulation,
Pollution abatement, Ecosystems, Waste disposal
•Feedlots.
In assessing the significance of the various threats
to our water and air resources, two items should
be kept in mind: (1) no one can come to the en-
vironmental table with clean hands, and (2) a dis-
proportionate emphasis placed on one segment of
the problem may result in other areas going un-
noticed. Animal waste in general and feedlot waste
in particular pose significant environmental
problem s in the areas of (11 fish and other aquatic
life and recreational uses, (2) potable water sup.
plies and (3) land usage and esthetics. These en-
vironmental challenges can best be overcome by
means of an effective and active alliance between
the feeding industry and the responsible regulatory
agency. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0541 - F4
FEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
R.S. Jessee.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February
1969. p 7-8.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Fish-kill,
Irrigation, Farm lagoons. Odor, Cattle, 'Feed lots.
Water pollution sources. Water pollution control,
Iowa,. Nebraska, Missouri River Basin.
Identifiers: Flies.
A major source of pollution in the Missouri Basin
is agricultural waste from feedlots. There are over '
46,000 feedlots in Iowa and over 24,000 in
Nebraska. Over 4 million cattle were on feed last
year in Iowa. The wastes generated by 100 cows
are equivalent to 8 to 18 hundred people. Feedlot
pollution too often occurs as a slug load washed
into the stream after moderate or heavy rains.
260
-------
Twenty-eight slides show extreme examples of
water pollution from feedlots. They include slides
taken at the John Redmond Reservoir, where over
a half million fish were killed from cattle runoff.
Several slides of manure in feedlots depict condi-
tions before and after heavy rains. Also shown is a
feedlot with a diversion terrace, a large lagoon, a
secondary lagoon, and cropland irrigation; thus
the nutrient cycle is completed.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0542 - F4
ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION - OVERVIEW
OF THE PROBLEM,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
J. M. Rademacher.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conferences, Kansas City, Missouri, February
1969. p 7-9,4 ret
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Groundwater, Cat-
tle, Fish lull. Animal population. Runoff, Confine-
ment pens. Waste treatment. Wells, 'Feed lots,
Missouri River Basin, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Population equivalents.
The volume of animal wastes produced in the
United States is about ten times that produced by
the human population. Two billion tons of
livestock wastes are produced annually in the
U.S.A. This amount of waste production is
equivalent to that of a human population of 1.9 bil-
lion. There is evidence that animal wastes are a
major source of water quality degradation. Feedlot
runoff contaminates water supplies, destroys fish
and aquatic life in streams, and generally degrades
water quality. These wastes also have an effect on
ground water, of 6000 water samples analyzed in
Missouri, forty-two percent contained more than 3
parts per million nitrate as nitrogen. Public recog-
nition and open discussions constitute a major step
toward the solution to this major problem.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0543 - F3
INDUSTRY'S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION
CONTROL,
C.B.Joseph.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February
1969. p 9-10.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Waste
disposal. Runoff, Groundwater, Animal popula-
tions, Kansas, Economics, 'Feed lots, Water pol-
lution control. Water pollution sources, Industrial
wastes.
Identifiers: Industrial expansion. Beef consump-
tion.
In Kansas cattle in feedlots with over 1000-head
capacity have increased in excess of 700% and are
producing over half the state's total beef produc-
tion. In 1956, of the 182,000 head produced, only
30,000 head were produced in commercial feedlots
with a capacity in excess of 1000 head; however,
by 1969, the total production had risen to 766,000
head of which 486,000 were produced in feedlots
with over 1000-head capacity. With this rapid in-
crease in both the size and number of large
feedlots, the problems of pollution control have
become more pressing. Sites for new feedlots must
be chosen more carefully with respect to terrain
features and tax write-off incentives need to be ex-
tended to feedlot owners to cover the cost of
adequate control and disposal facilities.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0544 - Fl, F3
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY,
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Min-
neapolis.
j.p. Badahch.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February
1969. p 11-12.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Investiga-
tions, Runoff, Legislation, Minnesota, Waste
disposal, Confinement pens. Financing, Permits,
Topogn phy, 'Feed lots.
Identifiers: Inventory, Questionnaires.
The most important aspect of any feedlot invento-
ry is the financing necessary to undertake such a
project. Every government agency and private as-
sociation is under a limited budget and the object
of any study must be justified. Minnesota has
19,900 feedlots which makes personal investiga-
tions unpractical and necessitate'S'canvas by mail.
Some preliminary screening can be done by
questionnaire which could be sent to households in
rural areas. These questionnaires would not be ap-
plications for a permit, but would supply informa-
tion on whether investigation -for a permit would
be necessary. These questionnaires would primari-
ly determine the size of the operation, its location
and topographical features, and the type of waste
handling and disposal systems. Investigators could
be sent where it was necessary and determine con-
formity to regulations and permits issued.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0545 - F2
HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY,
Colorado Dept. of Health, Denver. Water Pollu-
tion Control Commission.
F. J. Rozich.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February
1969. p 12-14.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Investiga-
tions, Runoff, Legislation, Colorado, Waste
disposal; Confinement pens. Financing, 'Feed
lots.
Identifiers: Inventory.
With the passage of the Colorado Water Quality
Act of 1966, the Colorado State Agency gained ju-
risdiction over wastes discharged by feedlots in
the state. The first task was gathering more
specific information, such as ownership, acreage
involved in the various feedlots, the number of
animals fed, and the location of the facility. To
carry out the inventory an engineering technician
was employed for field surveys. The Milk, Food,
and Drug Section and local health units were asked
to complete a similar inventory as part of their rou-
tine inspections of dairy cattle facilities. Where a
possibility of water pollution was indicated, dis-
trict engineers were asked to follow up and discuss
this matter with the owner of the facility.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0546 - F2
THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL
PROGRAM,
Kansas State Dept. of Health, Topeka. Environ-
mental Health Services.
J. L. Mayes.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February
1969. p 15-17,1 append.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legislation, 'Water
quality control, Cattle, Investigations, Runoff,
Kansas, Waste disposal, Permits, Fish kill, Odor,
Retention, 'Feedlots, Water pollution control.
Identifiers: Flies, Slug flow.
With the increasing size and number of cattle
feedlots, the public has been aroused on the
problems of odor and fly production. This concern
was brought to the attention of the Kansas Depart-
ment of Health where the concern shifted to water
quality in 1959 when fish kills began occurring
downstream from a few feedlots. Field investiga-
tion of water pollution episodes revealed that the
'slug' flow of animal waste runoff can seriously
pollute receiving streams. These investigations al-
lowed the design of a control program which will
yield significant results. These regulations require
containment and control by irrigation practices of
all runoff from animal feedlot installations, with
the minimum retention of three inches of surface
runoff. A copy of these regulations is included.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0547 - A3, Bl, Dl
CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT
RUNOFF,
Nebraska State Dept. of Health, Lincoln. Water
Pollution Control Council.
T. O'Brien. andT. A. Filipi.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference. Kansas City, Missouri, February
-1969. p 18-19,1 fig, Iref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment.
Confinement pens, Cattle, Aerobic treatment. Ru-
noff, Farm lagoons. Irrigation, Waste disposal.
Waste storage, 'Waste water treatment, 'Feed
lots.
Identifiers: Anaerobic lagoons, Detention ponds.
The confinement feeding of livestock animals in
large numbers has produced one of the most per-
plexing and complex problems ever faced by en-
gineers, planners, and developers, not to mention
the livestock feeder himself. The problem includes
solid waste disposal, stream pollution, and air pol-
lution. Basically, it involves the controlling of
wastes from the animals in the confined feeding
operations. Several types of control facilities are
possible, detention ponds, anaerobic lagoons,
aerobic lagoons, and oxidation ditches. A deten-
tion pond is intended to hold surface runoff from
the feeding area and has the disadvantage of col-
lecting large amounts of water which must be
disposed of within a few days. Anaerobic lagoons
work best when wastes are added at a constant
rate which is difficult to maintain in a cattle
feedlot. An aerobic system appears to be the most
satisfactory with wastes scraped into bydraulically
flushing gutters and emptied into variable aeration
lagoons for treatment. (Dor land-Iowa State)
0548 - Al, F4
RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION
AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES
FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS IN NORTHEAST-
ERN COLORADO AND EASTERN NEBRASKA,
Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo.
Soil and Water Conservation Research Div.
C. E. Evans.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 20-22,
February 1969. Sref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes. 'Cattle, 'Nitrates,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Confinement pens,
Runoff, Coliforms, Ammonia, Odor, Absorption,
'Groundwater contamination. Water pollution
sources, 'Pollution abatement, 'Organic wastes.
Identifiers: 'Feed lots.
Livestock in the United States produce over 1 bil-
lion cubic yards of wastes per year. About three-
fourths of our beef cattle are finished in feedlots.
Some of these feedlots carry as many as 50,000
head, which presents a waste disposal problem
similar to a city of 600,000 people. Rains are very
efficient at picking up this material from feedlots,
resulting in introduction of material with a high
BOD into streams. Research was conducted to
determine ground water pollution. Feedlots had
the highest nitrate levels, but irrigated land
probably contributes more total nitrate due to
much larger acreage in irrigated land. There was a
rapid die-off of the coliform population in feedlot
soils, indicating little danger of ground water con-
tamination by coliforms. Ammonia losses in the air
261
-------
result in odor and increased ammonia absorption
by water surfaces around the feedlot.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0549 - F4
THE UNIVERSITIES' ROLE IN FEEDLOT POL-
LUTION CONTROL,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
I. R. Miner.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 23-24,
February 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Runoff, 'Universi-
ties, Confinement pens, Cattle, 'Pollution abate-
ment, Research and development, 'Feed lots.
Until feedlot runoff control is achieved in a
manner acceptable to the livestock producer, regu-
latory agencies and the general public, the univer-
sities must play an active role. One of the principal
contributions of universities toward solving the
feedlot pollution problem is to guide and stimulate
students through specific courses in livestock
wastes combined with the basic principles of other
scientific disciplines, such as civil and agricultural
engineering, microbiology, chemistry, agronomy,
and others. Extension education can be one effec-
tive method of alerting feedlot operators to the
problems of feedlot runoff and bringing to them
the currently available means of controlling or
abating these problems. It also allows for feedback
from feedlot operators to the university. A well-
designed research project should. (1) be of .interest
to one or more researcher, (2) be compatible with
available facilities, (3) stimulate growth on the part
of the scientist and allow him to provide training to
students, and (4) have some source of funding
available. The roles of research centers and stu-
dent training centers have been mutually benefi-
cial. A university can interact with society through
consultation of its staff with various individuals
and agencies. Such interactions are possible
because of the universities' reputation as an un-
biased source of objective recommendations.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0550 - F3
HOW TO GAIN PUBLIC SUPPORT,
Kansas City Star, Mo.
R.Turnbull.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 24-25,
February, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Runoff, Pollution
abatement, Cattle, "Feed lots.
On the pollution subject there are two extremes,
one group would stop doing anything that might in
any way pollute streams, such as use of commer-
cial fertilizer; while the other extreme insists they
will continue to do as they please. Between these
extremes are those people, both cattlemen and the
general public, who will be reasonable if they are
given the facts. The facts in the situation of feedlot
runoff pollution consist mainly of numbers.
Although not so at one time, we now have so many
cattle and other livestock in feedlots that we have
a problem. We must realize the number of cattle
on feed has doubled since 1950. These numbers as
simply as anything define the problem, and are un-
derstandable to the public. When they do un-
derstand this, they will be better prepared to give
public support for whatever is needed to solve the
problem. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0551 - F2, F3
MINNESOTA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CON-
TROL PROGRAM - STATUS REPORT,
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Min-
neapolis.
J.P.Badalich.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 25-26,
February 1969.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Legislation, Ad-
ministrative agencies, Legal aspects, "Regulation,
•Minnesota, "Feed lots.
Following the Big Stone Lake study, a joint ven-
ture by the Governors of Minnesota and South
Dakota, interest was generated in regulations re-
garding feedlot controls for the state as a whole.
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency is
charged under statute for the control of all wastes.
A 'preliminary draff of regulations was published
which caused criticism from many feeders and
various organizations. These reports and com-
ments should precipitate regulations that will be
reasonable and desirable. We then go through the
statutory procedure of public hearings, where we
hope to get the reactions of the people in industry
as well as the public at targe. The next step is for
the assistant attorney general to come up with the
findings of fact, conclusions, and order. The
Agency will then promulgate the standards, have
them published, and issued. Following this we will
set up specific rules, regulations and procedures,
and then go into an inventory type procedure. Any
regulation or standard proposed to the public or
any industrial or municipal group must be reasona-
ble, feasible, and practicable.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0552 - F2, F3
STATUS, FLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COM-
PREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CON-
TROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DAKOTA,
South Dakota State Dept. of Health, Pierre. Water
Pollution Control Section.
B. Barker.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 26, Februa-
ry. 1969.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulation, "Ad-
ministrative agencies, "South Dakota, Legislation,
Pollution abatement. "Feed lots.
A provision for promulgation of regulations to
control wastes associated with confined feeding of
livestock was included in the Plan of Implementa-
tion of the 'Water Quality Standards for the Sur-
face Waters of South Dakota.' The standards were
adopted by the South Dakota Committee on Water
Pollution on April 20,1967 and by the Secretary of
the U.S. Dept. of the Interior on August 7,1967. In
January, 1967, an Advisory Committee on the
Committee on Water Pollution and the State De-
partment of Health was formed to provide techni-
cal assistance in developing regulations. Proposed
regulations were discussed at a public meeting in
Pierre on December 9, 1968. The Committee on
Water Pollution will review feedlot waste disposal
information presented at the December meeting
and will prepare a regulation for the purpose of
holding public hearings. We are working with the
South Dakota Water Resources Institute and Civil
Engineering staff at South Dakota State Universi-
ty in developing a study on the effects of feedlot
wastes on our surface waters. Plans include an
education program to keep the industry informed
of proposals and obtain feedback from th< igricul-
tural community. (Schmitt-IowaState)
0553 - F3
STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA'S PROGRAM
TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL
FEEDLOTS,
Montana State Dept. of Health, Helena. Water
Pollution Control Section.
D. Willems.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 27, Februa-
*y, 1969.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulations, "Mon-
tana, Administrative agencies, Legislation, Pollu-
tion abatement, "Feed lots.
Montana does not have feedlot regulations but at •
this time is developing regulations. Most com-
plaints on feedlots are because of nuisance condi-
tions, thus, control of both air pollution and water
pollution seems essential. Development of a per-
mit system for feedlots, similar to the present
system for municipal and industrial waste
discharges is hoped for. The main concern at this
time is to have adequate control of new feedlots
and the prediction is that there will be many in the
state before too long. It looks as though much time
could be spent on controls for existing feedlots
with very little accomplishment.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0554 - F3
MISSOURI'S ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE-
MENT,
Missouri Water Pollution Board, Jefferson City.
B. Crockett.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 27, Februa-
ry 1969.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulation, 'Missou-
ri, Administrative agencies, Waste disposal, Pollu-
tion abatement, Cattle.
The Missouri Water Pollution Board believes the
agricultural pollution in Missouri can be controlled
through a program of education at this time. The
Board is cooperating with the University of Mis-
souri Extension Service and the Federal and State
Departments of Agriculture to educate the fanning
public for the control of agricultural pollution. In
May, 1968, the University of Missouri Extension
Service completed a revised agricultural inventory
for the Board on the stream basins of Missouri.
This study, to be updated every three years, in-
cludes land use data, fertilizer and pesticide usage
data, as well as animal and poultry production data
for each basin. The Missouri Water Pollution
Board does not plan to request legislation pertain-
ing to the registration of feeders and, and/or con-
finers at this time. (Schmitt- Iowa State)-
0555 - F4
•STATUS REPORT - KANSAS FEEDLOT POL-
LUTION CONTROL PROGRAM - EXTEM-
PORANEOUS REMARKS,
Kansas State Dept. of Health, Topeka. Environ-
mental Health Services.
M.W.Gray.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 28, Februa-
ry. 1969.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulation. "Kan-
sas, Administrative agencies, Fertilization, Cattle,
•Feed lots, Waste disposal.
As a result of research undertaken approximately
five yean ago at Kansas State University and the
University of Kansas, it was concluded that the
activated sludge type of treatment of wastes from
animal feedlot operations is not feasible from an
economic standpoint. Retention ponds and the use
of retained waste* for agricultural purposes wai
the key to our solution in Kama*. Although final
authority for pollution control rests with the De-
partment of Health, our problem* are approached
with the livestock sanitary commissioner's office,
the agricultural extension service, the county
agent, the consulting engineer, and the feeder. We'
are not seriously concerned from the standpoint of
ground water pollution by way of the, feedlot sur-
face or from retention facilities. We are more con-
cerned with the solid waste material, the manure*
that are cleaned from the feedlot surface and reap-
plied to agricultural land. The amount of nutrient*
262
-------
that can be applied per acre is directly proportional
to that which will be removed with the crop grown.
We strive for cooperation and understanding from
the animal feeding community, as this is essential
to our program. (Schim'tt- Iowa State)
0556 - F2, F3
STATUS REPORT • NEBRASKA FEEDLOT
POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM,
Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council, Lin-
coln.
T. A. Filipi.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 29, Februa-
ry, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulation,
•Nebraska, Fertilization, Administrative agencies.
Runoff, Cattle, 'Feed lots.
Water Quality Standards have been adopted and
are weU-known to all persons in the state of
Nebraska. Municipalities and industries have
taken care of their responsibilities and otter pollu-
ters must follow in the program. The problem of
pollution from the industry of agriculture, specifi-
cally feedlots, was brought to the attention of the
Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council by per-
sons living downstream from the feedlots. They
brought in evidence such as samples of water and
photographs which clearly convinced the Council
that serious pollution does occur and corrective
steps must be taken. A Feedlot Operators Commit-
tee was formed and assigned to prepare rules and
regulations relating to the registration of feedlots.
A voluntary survey regarding the size and location
of feedlots received better than 80% compliance.
The next assignment of the committee is develop-
ment of solutions within the economic possibility
of the industry. Research is carried on by the
University of Nebraska Extension Division work-
ing with the United States Dept. of Agriculture.
The greatest problem that confronts Nebraska
Water Pollution Control Council is that of answer-
ing questions of persons intending to set up feedlot
operations, since we have no guidelines for
Nebraska conditions. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0557 - F3
STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA'S PROGRAM
TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL
FEEDLOTS,
North Dakota State Dept. of Health, Bismarck.
Div. of Water Supply and Pollution Control.
N. L. Peterson.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 30, Februa-
ry, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulations, 'Ad-
ministrative agencies, 'North Dakota, Runoff,
Cattle, 'Feed lots.
Shortly after the state's new Water Pollution Con-
trol Board took office on July 1, 1967, they
requested the State Department of Health to
present to them as much information as possible
on pollution from agricultural areas and, if possi-
ble, draft a proposed preliminary set of rules and
regulations. The first draft was presented in Oc-
tober, 1967 and used Kansas proposed regulations
as a guideline. An Advisory Committee on Feedlot
Wastes was then established. It was composed of
Health Department personnel, representatives of
the Board, and representatives of the various cat-
tle raising and feedlot operators associations. This
Committee was to review and comment on
proposed regulations, discuss them with their con-
stituents, obtain comments, and recommend
changes. The Advisory Committee failed to obtain
many comments on the third draft of the proposed
rules and regulations and decided to withhold any
further action until a report on the Animal Waste
Management Conference in Kansas City on
February 20, 1969 could be obtained. Due to the
number of variable factors involved in feedlot
operation, the actual extent of pollution is difficult
to establish. Thus, there is a need for much addi-
tional research into the problem of feedlot pollu-
tion. Ultimately, rules and regulations will
probably be adopted. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0558 - F3
COLORADO'S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS,
AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM,
Colorado State Dept. of Public Health, Denver.
Pollution Control Div.
F. J. Rozich.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 30-31,
February 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulations,
•Colorado, Cattle, Legislation, Administrative
agencies, Runoff, 'Feed lots.
The extent of the problem of pollution attributable
to feedlot wastes is being determined not only by
the inventory being conducted, but also through
stream studies. After public hearings and much
discussion pro and con, the Colorado Water Pollu-
tion Control Commission adopted 'Rules for the
Control of Water Pollution from Livestock Con-
finement Facilities' on April 10,1968. Where it is
determined, through field inventory and sub-
sequent inspections, that a pollution problem does
or can exist, the feeder wUl be asked to comply
with the adopted rules. A Cease and Desist Order
will be issued and an injunction sought if the
feedlot operator fails to comply within a reasona-
ble time. All types of animals corralled or tethered,
including recreational horses, are included in the
rules. The pace of advancement of a pollution con-
trol program is governed largely by the amount of
monies and personnel available for such a project.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0559 - F3
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA,
Iowa State Dept. of Health. Des Moines. Environ-
mental Engineering Service.
R.J.Schliekelman.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 31-32
February, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulation, 'Iowa,
Cattle, Legislation, Administrative agencies. Ru-
noff, 'Feed lots. Water pollution control.
A study committee comprised of three Iowa Water
Pollution Control Commission members, two
agricultural engineers and the extension veterinari-
an from Iowa State University was formed in
November, 1966 to study the feedlot waste
problem and make recommendations for cor-
rective measures. During 1967 a permanent
Agricultural Advisory Committee was appointed
by the WATER Pollution Control Commission to
formulate tentative criteria for a permit system
and tentative standards for design of feedlot ru-
noff control systems. Four public hearings were
held in April, 1968 as a part of the procedure for
establishing regulations. The 'Proposed Cattle
Feedlot Waste Water Disposal Regulations''
defined a feedlot and described conditions under
which a permit for waste disposal is required. Ac-
companying tentative 'Requirements for Water
Pollution Control Facilities' described satisfactory
facilities for handling the feedlot runoff waste.
The rules and regulations were adopted by the
Commission in 1968 and referred to the Legislative
Departmental Rules Review Committee for final
approval. Objections were voiced and the rules
were disapproved. The Committee did recommend
and volunteered assistance in sponsoring legisla-
tion to permit a registration procedure. Demon-
stration grants have been requested from the
FWPCA to build model facilities, which it is felt,
would do more to prevent pollution from feedlots
than any other item not already undertaken.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0560 - Bl, F4
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
A.V.Resnik.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 33-34,
February,1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, •Confine-
ment pens. Regulation, Water pollution control
In the initial phase of confinement livestock feed-
ing, feedlots were, by design, situated where the
rains would scour the waste materials from the
lots, preferably into nearby draws and streams.
We know now that the highly concentrated organic
waste cannot and must not be discharged without
treatment into streams. The exact contribution and
the total effect of animal wastes on the water
quality of the Missouri River Basin is not known.
Prevention and control cannot wait while all the
data are collected and assembled. Feedlot runoff
pollution could be greatly reduced with a minimum
expenditure by utilizing known information. Regu-
lations are necessary to insure the feedlot operator
that the measure he is taking will guarantee a
reasonable tenure of operation. Uniformity which
concurrently allows for flexibility must be built
into the regulations, since there is no one model or
control device that will substantially alleviate
animal waste pollution. Possible control methods
include, (1) zoning of entire watersheds for
livestock production, (2) government built Tint
generation* plants of new concept and design, (3)
development of supplemental range feeding pro-
grams, and (4) composting a mixture of manure
and municipal garbage for use on a 'greenbelt'
separating the city from the animals.
(Iowa State)
0561 - F3
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE
PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT
WASTES,
North Dakota State Dept. of Health. Bismarck.
Div. of Water Supply and Pollution Control.
N. L. Peterson.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 34-33,
February. 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, Confine-
ment pens. Cattle, Pollution abatement. Regula-
tions.'Feed lots.
Feedlot wastes differ from municipal and industri-
al wastes in that they are not confined nor do (hey
have predictable flows. The wastes from feedlots
generally reach the stream only during periods of
runoff. The first step toward assessment of the
pollution problem might be to determine areas of
the state where most feedlots are concentrated and
what major or minor river basins have the highest
potential of being polluted at tiroes of feedlot ru-
noff. The next step might be to develop an inven-
tory of feedlots including data on location, topog-
raphy, number of cattle, and other characteristics
of the lot operation and management. Methods of
obtaining inventory information might be through
permits. County Extension Offices, farm associa-
tions, and perhaps through individual personal
contact. A state water pollution control agency,
adding pertinent weather data to this information,
should be in a position to access the pollution
potential, both individually and for each river
basin. Certainly much can be accomplished if the
state water pollution control agency makes a sin-
263
-------
cere offer of assistance and advice to individual
feedlot operators. Rules should be drawn up for
the purpose of assisting the state agency and the
feedlot operator to solve a mutual problem.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0562 - F3
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT
POLLUTION,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
C.G.McNabb.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 35-36,
February, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, Confine-
ment pens, Cattle, Pollution abatement,.Legisla-
tion,'Feed lots.
Cattle feedloti have been receiving an increasing
amount of attention from pollution conscious peo-
ple because of their growing number and size, they
can be seen and smclled, and our affluent society
is becoming more concerned with esthetic values.
Action is demanded and we must progress using
the best information available while trying to
secure additional data. A partial list of useful data
might include (() quantity and capacity, (2)
number of impoundments to catch runoff, (3) how
the solids and liquids are handled, (4) the slope and
length of slope, and (5) the soil type. Eventually
the data should help us determine what effect
feedlots have on the water quality of a basin. One
method of developing an inventory is to legislate a
permit requirement. A more desirable method is to
voluntarily work with livestock organizations to
gather information and set guidelines for pollution
abatement. However, at the present time much un-
certainty exists on the type of pollution abatement
facilities that are effective and feasible. An infor-
mation-education program is needed to create an
awareness of the pollution problem by the
livestock people. Awareness should precipitate
more cooperation with agencies involved as well
as initiate voluntary abatement programs.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0563 - F2, F3
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR
DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULA-
TION,
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology,
Rapid City.
F. L, Matthew.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 37-38.
February, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Regulation,
Pollution abatement, Cattle, Legislation, Confine-
ment pens, 'Feed lots, 'Model studies.
In the development of a feedlot regulation, other
alternatives should first be considered and the
need for a regulation firmly established. Next it is
necessary to establish general and specific objec-
tives for the proposed regulation. Alter establish-
ing objectives, restraints should be considered.
Budget and staff limitations will normally be the
most important restraints on the implementation
program. The last step is to establish evaluation
criteria which should include: (1) preventive or
corrective nature. (2) clear information about the
feedlot operators obligations, (3) enforceabQity
within staff budget restraints, (4) provisions for
appeal, (5) avoidance of discrimination, (6) control
of both new and existing facilities, (7) control of
construction and operation, (8) provisions cover-
ing ultimate disposal of wastes, (9) provisions for
periodic updating. (10) compatibility with existing
Federal, state and local laws, (11) definitions of
pollution and pollution parameters, and (12)
establishment of effluent quality standards and
specification of sampling procedures. When these
steps have been taken and necessary public infor-
mation programs are underway, the development
of the feedlot regulation and implementation pro-
gram plans can proceed. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0564 - F4
RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FEEDLOT
WASTE CONTROL,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering.
L.A. Schmid.
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 38-39,
February, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Research and
development, Byproducts, Pollution abatement,
•Feedlots.
Although research priorities cannot be neatly
separated since most of the categories are interre-
lated, certain areas should receive increased
research emphasis. Characterization of wastes
should be included in studies wherever possible.
The sanitary engineer's fundamental knowledge of
biological waste treatment and other processes is
sufficient that he can design a process, biological
or otherwise, based on a knowledge of the waste
characteristics. Biological treatment in a liquid
system of the manure scraped from a feedlot
I should not warrant a high degree of priority, since
most of the biodegradable solids have already
decomposed depending on the age of the manure
and the conditions involved. Return to the land ap-
pears to be the most favored method of disposal.
We know very little of the effect of the heavy
loading anticipated from large feedlot operation,
but somewhere there must be a balance between
rate of waste disposal, land destruction, and crop
production while satisfying the primary goal of
pollution control of both surface and ground
water. The next priority deals with either manage-
ment practice or processes that reduce the solid or
liquid waste that comes from the lot. Reuse of
wastes as feed material and other by-product
recovery schemes may require attention in the fu-
ture. (SchmiU-Iowa State)
0565 - Bl, F4
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VIEWS OF
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Washington, D.C, Div. of Applied Science and
In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 40, Februa-
ry. 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment,
Cattle, Pollution abatement. Administrative agen-
cies, Research and development. Water pollution
control.
The problem of the waste from animal feeding
must be considered not only as a pollution abate-
ment problem, but rather as an animal feeding or
an animal management problem in which waste
management is considered as an integral part of
the overall problem of making a profit from your
investment. The prime consideration is to max-
imiie profit taking into account the additional cost
of waste management. This could even mean
changing the feed to decrease the amount of
wastes produced or the quality to make it easier to
handle the waste products. The Office of Research
and Development of the FWPCA is anxious to
demonstrate new or improved techniques for han-
dling and treating animal wastes that reduce the
pollutional load to receiving streams or ground
water. Participation with industry can include up
to 70% of the total cost. The nation as a whole
desires pollution abatement to become an integral
part of our economy and expects a definite im-
provement in our environment. (Iowa State)
0566 - F3
DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE-
MENT ACTION PROGRAM,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Agricultural Extension
Div.
S. H. Bodenhamer.
In. Proceedings of Animal Waste Management
Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 40, Februa-
ry, 1969.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Regulation. 'Legisla-
tion, Pollution abatement, Water pollution control.
Many dynamic forces will affect the implementa-
tion of a desired animal waste management pro-
gram. Before attempting to initiate change, any so-
cial system should (1) define the situation to be
changed, (2> describe the desired situation. (3) list
what, needs to be"done to accomplish the desired,
and (4) describe the resources available and those
that are needed. A listing of the different au-
diences or interest group* can be helpful in prepar-
ing a message for them. Each audience will need to
see how the change will help them satisfy their
own needs for goods, services, and attitudes. De-
cide on what method is to be used to retch each
audience, as change is best brought about through
good communications and cooperation. Methods
may be influenced by the size of the audience and
their state of adoption. Those to affect or be af-
fected by animal waste management programs
must be involved in deciding what should be the
program. Cooperation is positively correlated with
the degree of involvement the parties to be af-
fected are involved in shaping the proposed action.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0567 - A9, C4
BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL FLORA OF
SEAGULL DROPPINGS IN JERSEY,
Jersey General Hospital, St. Helier (England).
J.Cragg. and Y.M.Clayton.
Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol 24, No 4. p 317-
319,1971. 12 ref.
Descriptors: 'Animal wastes (Wildlife), * Bacteria,
•Fungi, Waste identification, E. coli. Streptococ-
cus, Yeasts, Salmonella, Shigella, Seashores,
Sampling, Laboratory tests. Gulls.
Identifiers: 'Seagull, Mycology, Jersey.
In Jersey 166 fresh and 122 dried seagull droppings
were obtained and studied locally and in London
for the presence of bacteria and fungi of potentially
pathogenic nature. There were no salmonella or
shigella bacteria isolated from the two groups but
there was a high proportion of Candida albicans
obtained from the fresh material (21.7%) and only
1.6% from the dry faeces. Cryptococcus neofor-
mans and Histoplasma capsulatum were not found
in either the dry or fresh droppings. The normal
bacterial and fungal flora of the seagull was
established and it is considered that the C. albicaiu)
in fresh gull droppings would not materially in-
crease albicans infections in man. (Bundy-lowa
State)
0568 - Bl, F5
DEAD BIRD DISPOSAL BY RENDERING,
California Univ., Riverside. ,
W. C. Fairbank. and E. L. BnmhaD.
Poultry Digest, Vol 30, No 358, p 600401.
December 1971.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste. 'Chickens, 'Waste
disposal, 'By-products, Artificial use.
Identifiers: Rendering.
The reduction of dead poultry, and poultry
viscera, feathers, cockerels, and unmarketable
eggs to salable by-products is probably the most
nearly perfect disposal method for these wastes.
Rendering is a recycling process. Meat, bone, and
leather meal are used ra formulation of livestock
and pet foods. The rendered 'yellow grease' is
264
-------
used mainly by feed, soap, and chemical indus-
tries. Usually no payment it made to the poultry
supplier, but receptacles with tight-fitting lids are
supplied. Whole carcas*e> are cooked and fed
uniformly to a tapered screw ofl expeUer or press.
Dead whole poultry yield 50% recovery, 25% of
which is grease and 75% meal. The value of meal
(about 58% crude protein and 4% crude fats) is ap-
proximately four cents per pound. The value of
feed grade yellow grease is about seven cents per
pound. Restaurant grease, butcher shop
trimmings, and small animals can be blended to
provide sufficient volumes for continuous use of
the rendering plant cookers. A layer population of
several million bens is necessary to supply
adequate mortalities if there is DO other source of
compatible waste. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0569 - C3, Dl, El
ENZYMATIC EVALUATION OF PROCESSES
FOR IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL WASTES
FOR RUMINANT FEEDS,
Agricultural Research Service, Albany, Calif.
Jack Guggolz, R. M. Saunden. G. O. Kohlcr, and
T. J. Klopfenttein.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 33, No I, p 167-
170, July 1971.4 fig, I tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Enzymes, 'Biochemis-
try, 'Digestion, 'Biodegradation, 'Ruminants,
Cattle, Sheep, Degradation, Refuse, Cellulose,
TDN, Alfalfa, Forages, Lignin.
Identifiers: 'Onozuka SS, 'Agricultural residues.
Roughage, Hemicellulose, Reed canary grass,
Smooth bromegrast, Tall Fescue.
Agricultural residue high in cellulose and hemicel-
lulose are a potentially valuable source of energy to
ruminant animals, but low digestibility of the car-
bohydrates make some type of chemical or physical
modification necessary. A procedure has been
developed enabling one to correlate 'in vivo'
digestion of residues with 'in vitro' dry matter dis-
appearance. The procedure involves digestion of
the crop residue or forage with a crude cellulose
enzyme followed by protease digestion. 'Onozuka'
SS was found to be the most active cellulose and
was added at a rate of 750 milligrams per gram of
residue, and incubated at 40C for 72 hours. At the
end of incubation a series of procedures was fol-
lowed to separate and weigh the remaining residue.
Onne hundred minus the percent residue was
called 'total solubles after enzymes' (TSAE). The
correlation coefficient between enzymatic and 'in
vivo' results for alfalfa, reed canary grass, smooth
bromegrass, and tall fescue were 0.997, 0.876,
0.998, and 0.999 respectively. The procedure ap-
pears to predict dry matter digestibility with suffi-
cient precision to be of use to laboratories with no
access to donor ruminant animals. (Schmitt-Iowa
State)
0570 - A7, A8, C4
MANURE MITES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY
CONTROL,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Entomology.
J. G. Rodriguez, Pritam, Singh, and Bob Taylor.
Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol 7, No 3, p
335-341, 1970. 2 fig, 4 tab, 30 ref. Public Health
Service No CC 00207.
Descriptors: 'Farm , wastes, 'Insect control,
•Mites, Cattle, Poultry, Larvae, Oviposition, In-
secticides, Diazinon, Insect eggs, 'Waste treat-
ment, Toxicity.
Identifiers: 'Flies.
Glyptholaspis confusa (Foa) and Macrocheles
muscacdomesticae (Scopoli) generally attain their
highest populations in stock piles of cattle manure
in the fall and early spring. Their food during the
'fly-free season consists mainly of nematodes. In
poultry houses populations of M.
muscaedomesticae start building up in manure in
the summer. Fuscuropoda vegetans (DeGeer) at-
tains high populations in early summer and con-
tinues to build up as the season progresses until
late fall. Acarine control of the house fly in a
poultry house under semi-field conditions ranged
from 86 to 99%, depending in the mites involved.
Fourteen chemicals were tested in the laboratory
for toxicity to newly-hatched maggots of the house
fly and the adult, M. muscaedomesticae. Diazinon,
ronnel, Bayer 38156, malathion and dimethoate
were relatively toxic to the house fly maggot and
relatively non-toxic to the mite. Sugar-based baits
were used against the adult flies in the integrated
control program with promising results. (Parker-
Iowa State)
0571 - A3, Bl, E3
EFFECT OF METHOD OF MANURE HAN-
DLINC ON CROP YIELDS, NUTRIENT
RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering; and Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept.
R. R. Hensler, R. J. Olsen, S. A. Witzel, O. J. Attoe,
and W.H. Paulson.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 13, No 6, p 726-731,
November-December 1970. 10 tab, 26 ref. OWRR-
14-01-0001-858.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Crop production,
'Application methods. Runoff, Nutrients, Green-
houses, Waste disposal. Chemical analysis, Fertili-
ty, Soil chemical properties.
Identifiers: 'Nutrient recovery, Anaerobic liquid
manure, Aerobic liquid manure.
A study was made of the effect of type of manure,
method of handling, amount of bedding, drying
treatment, and rate of application on the fertilizing
value of cattle manure for corn and hay and on ru-
noff losses. Dairy and beef cattle manure was ap-
plied as fresh, fermented, aerobic liquid and
anaerobic liquid, both in greenhouse conditions
and in actual field tests. Testa were run to deter-
mine nutrient loss before application and nutrient
recovery by plants and runoff losses after applica-
tion. Results showed increased corn dry matter in
all cases of manure application with poorer remits
shown by the aerobic liquid than the other three.
Allowing manure to dry for one week before incor-
poration usually gave lower yields and lower
recovery values for N, P. and K. Total dry-matter
yields of corn were not greatly affected by increas-
ing amounts of bedding up to 8 percent, but at the
16 percent rate, yields were usually much lower.
(Parker-Iowa State)
0572 - A9, C4, E3. F2
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH
PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING
POULTRY LITTER TO ANIMALS.
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
PARAMETERS.
Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Div. of Microbiology.
James W. Messer, Joseph Lovett, Oopala K.
Murthy, Albert J. Webby, and Mary L. Schafer.
Poultry Science. Vol SO, No 3, p 874-881. May
1971.3 tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Disposal,
•Feeds, 'Public health. Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Besti-
cide residues. Microbiology, Health, Diseases, Sal-
monellac. Sewage, Bacteria, Arsenic compounds.
Identifiers: Food and Drug Administration,
Medicinals, Ultraviolet-light-activated substances.
Feeding studies on the utilization of poultry litter as
a feed additive for ruminants have demonstrated
satisfactory animal nutrition, thus, opening many
questions of public health significance. This study
examined the heat .resistance of salmonellae and
Arizona pathogens; whether heat treatment of
poultry litter would provide an effective barrier
against disease transmission; and determined the
levels of some medicinals, pesticides, and ultra-
violet light activated compounds in poultry litter.
Results showed that a heat process for the elimina-
tion of salmonellae and Arizona sp. may be feasi-
ble, since they are not highly resistant to heat. E.
Coli being less resistant to moint heat than sal-
monellae, were eliminated as an indicator of the ef-
ficiency of the heating process. With the exception
of arsenic, the concentration of pesticides and
medicinals present in the litters assayed in this
study were low. On the basis of the highest ob-
served values in litter, beef cattle and dairy cattle
fed 30% of their diet as litter would receive approx-
imately 46.0 mg of arsenic, 19.0 milligrams of uric
acid, 16.0 milligrams of nitrofurazone, 15.0 milli-
grams of furazolidone. and 1.4 milligrams of ul-
traviolet-activatable substances per day. The possi-
bility of higher levels and the unknown effect of
continuous exposure to low levels suggests the
present ban on the interstate shipment of poultry
litter for animal feed is warranted. (Schmitt-Iowa
State)
0573 - A5, D2
METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEABLE
SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE
FEEDLOT RUNOFF,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
C. B. Gilbertson, T. M. McCalla, J. R. Ellis, and
W. R. Woods.
Transactions of American Society of Agricultural
Engineering, Vol. 14. No. 5, September-October
1971. p 899-905, 19fig, 2 tab, II ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Runoff, Cattle, 'Set-
tling basins. Waste disposal. 'Feed lots, 'Waste
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Liquid storage. Continuous flow,
Batch system, 'Feedlot runoff.
Two experimental systems were installed to study
removal of scttleable solids from runoff. One
method, termed the 'batch' system, consisted of a
primary settling basin and a secondary basin. All
runoff from a given storm event was trapped
within the primary settling basin and detained to
allow the heavier solids to settle to the bottom of
the basin..The supernate was pumped from the pri-
mary basin into the secondary basin for longer de-
tention times. The other concept was termed 'con-
tinuous flow.' Runoff resulting from a storm
moved continuously through a series of porous
dams. The porous dams reduced the velocity of
flow sufficiently to allow the heavier particles to
remain in the settling channel while the liquids
flowed by gravity to a liquid storage pond. Results
of the 1-1/2 year study are: (I) The concentration
of chemicals and solids in runoff was highly varia-
ble for rainfall-runoff events; (2) Rainfall runoff
transported about 1.6 tons of solids per acre-inch,
while winter runoff transported about 10 tons per
acre-inch; (3) The batch system removed settles-
Me solids .efficiently; however, the system main-
tenance had considerable disadvantages; (4) The
continuous flow concept may be readily adapted
to many of the feedlots experiencing runoff
problems; (5) Settling of solids presents more of a
problem during cold weather. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0574 - D4
OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT
BBEF BUILDING, ^^
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept of Animal Science-
and minois Univ., Urbana. Dept of Agricultural
Engineering.
D. D. Jones, D. L. Day, and U. S. Oarrigua.
Transaction of the ASAE. Vol. 14, No. 5, Sept-
Oct 1971. p 825-827.6 fig. 2 tab, 1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Confinement pens.
•Oxidation lagoons, Aerobic bacteria. Costs, Cat-
265
-------
tie, 'Waste water treatment. Biochemical oxygen
demand. Chemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: •Beef cattle wastei.
Disposing of beef cattle wattes with an in-the-
building oxidation ditch it being studied by the De-
partments of Animal Science and Agricultural En-
gineering in an experimental beef-confinement
facility at the University of Illinois Beef Farm.
Wane from cattle consuming rations of high-
roughige and high-concentrate was studied during
a four month test period from March through
June, 1969. Field trials indicated that the in-the-
building oxidation ditch is a satisfactory method of
treating beef cattle waste. Loading rates of 53 cm
ft of oxidation ditch per 800 pound fattening calf
and 80 cu ft per cow and calf were used. The 5-day
mixed-liquor biochemical oxygen demand values
were less than 1,000 mg per liter and the superna-
tant BOD5s were usually less than 200 mg per liter.
The chemical oxygen demand values were ex-
tremely high (up to 55,000 mg per liter) due to the
high cellulose ration fed to the first group of
animals. There was some evidence that biological
activity was influenced by cold climates. Assum-
ing a daily BOD5 production of 1.3 pound per 1000
pound beef feeder and a power cost of 2 cents per
KWH, the aeration rotor operating cost would be
about 2.5 cents per 1,000 pound animal per day.
This would be about 1 cent per pound of gain.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0575 - AS, Bl, Dl, El
POULTRY WASTE HANDLING SYSTEMS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. Dept. of Poultry
Science.
C. E. Ostrander.
Poultry Digest, November 1971, p 529-532.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Odors, Drying, Aero-
bic, Anaerobic, Poultry, Oxidation lagoons,
Design, Effluents, Waste water disposal, Fertilizer,
Hydraulic structures. Waste management
Identifieri: Storage capacity, Plow-down applica-
tion. Laying cages. Deep pits.
The problems of waste management have become
increasingly important primarily because of in-
creasing in flock size, concentration of birds and
population migration to the country. There are
several waste handling systems, none of which is
adaptable to all situations. Some of the more popu-
lar types of waste handling systems are: (I) deep
pits which are capable of handling at least 6 to 9
months storage, (2) hydraulic systems with aerated
lagoon, and (3) oxidation ditches. Spreading of
slurry taken from the storage pits also creates
problems, if not handled properly. If liquid
spreaders are used, the spreaders should be en-
closed to reduce odors on public roads and on
other property. In the spreading of manure by the
use of plow-down application method, the material
is poured into the furrow followed up by plowing.
The soil being a very good filter, reduces the odors.
Regardless of the practice followed in handling
waste products, care should be taken to avoid a
poor image in the community. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0576 - A5, A6, C3
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS
AIR CONTAMINANTS, .... ,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
J. D. Pros, T.E.Hazen. and J.R. Miner.
Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 14, No. 5,1971. p
837-840,5 fig. 6 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, 'Chemical
oxygen demand, Air pollution. Ammonia, Con-
finement pens, Analytical techniques. 'Oxygen
demand.
Identifiers: 'Organic gases.
In an attempt to quantify the atmosphere of a con-
finement swine building according to odors, the
chemical oxygen demand analysis was modified
and used to analyze the atmosphere within the
building. Air was pulled through a 0.8 micron filter
to 3 culture tubes containing equal parts of 0.025 N,
K2Cr2oO7 and concentrated H2SO4. The volume i
of air was measured with a wet-test meter. It was
concluded that (1) the COD technique can be used.
as a quantitative measure of the organic gases
present. (2) the air COD values can be correlated:
with noticeable differences in odor level as de-
tected by the human nose, (3) the air COD
technique detected different gases when the pH of
the manure was above 7.0 than when it was below
7.0, (4) the air COD value rises sharply when the:
ventilation is turned off and drops sharply when it
is turned on again, <5) the air COD values are
lowest when the pH of the manure in the pits is in
the 6.8 to 7.2 range. The effect of absorbent tem-
perature on the air COD values and the sensitivity
of the COD technique to individual organic gases
need further exploration. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0577 - D2
BLOCK DRYING Of CHICKEN MANURE,
Cornell Univ.. Ithaca. N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.T.Sobel.
Compost Science, Vol 11, No 3,1 tab, 1970. p 28-
29.3fig.3rei'.
Descriptor!: 'Farm wastei. 'Drying, 'Poultry,
Moisture content. Odor, Nitrogen, *Waste treat-
ment.
Identifiers: Block drying.
;
Blocks of chicken manure were air dried to form a
storable product with minimum odor. Reductions
in weight, volume, nitrogen, and viable organisms
were obtained during the drying period and follow-
ing storage period. Due to moisture loss during
drying, the blocks experience a weight reduction
to 29 percent of the initial weight Shrinkage can
result in a volume reduction of approximately 50
percent. The reduction in viable organisms over •
3-3/4 period is substantial but a large number of or-
ganisms still exist. Nitrogen is lost during the dry.
ing and storage period. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0578 - Bl, El, Dl, F4
COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF FARM
WASTES,
Ministry of Agriculture (Northern Ireland).
J. S. V. McAllister.
Water Pollution Control, Vol 69, No 4, p 425-429.
1970.6 tab, 5 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Slurries, Sewage,
Aeration, Incineration, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand. Farm lagoons, Water pollution, Nitrogen,
Ammonia, Methane, Hydrogen sulphide.
Phosphorous, Waste water disposal, Watte water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Pig slurries, 'Poultry droppings, 'Cat-
tle excreta, Silage.
Improved farming techniques, suburban develop-
ment, and a wider realization of the necessity to
control pollution of the atmosphere and water sup-
plies have increased the problem of farm watte col-
lection and disposal. Generally, in Europe farm
wastes are collected in the form of a slurry but
disposing of this slurry is a problem. The use of this
slurry as a manure has certain drawback* and alter-
native methods of disposal such at drying, incinera-
tion, aeration treatment, or synthesis of feeding
stuffs are explored. (Ellis-Texas)
0579 - AS, D4, Bl
OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE
ODORS, MANVRE HANDLING AND POLLU-
TION,
John Russell.
Farm journal, Vol 94, No 8, p H-10, H-I5, August
1970. *
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogi, 'Waste treat-
ment. Activated sludge, Odors, Aeration.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Hog confinement.
Odor control, Smart Pork Farm. Lawrence (Kans).
The use of oxidation ditches is described in a swine
confinement system for 5000 head annually near
Lawrence, Kansas. Thousand head finishing
buildings have two oxidation ditches each with 4
rotors or wheels in each ditch. Organic matter
removal is in excess of 90 percent. Operating costs
approximate one dollar per head. Effluent is
discharged to holding ponds for evaporation
thereby eliminating all manure hauling. (Miner-
Iowa State)
0580 - B2
ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES IN HANDLING
LIQUID MATERIALS,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
C.M.Hansen.
Agricultural Engineering, Vol 39, p 346-551, Sept
1958.13 fig, 1 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, 'Pumps,
Hydraulic equipment. Liquid wastes, Liquids,
Pesticides, Spraying, Herbicides, Hogs, Nemato-
cides. Measurement, Centrifugal pump. Farm
equipment. Cattle.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Anhydrous ammonia,
Rotameter, Aqua ammonia, Liquid feeds. Helical
rotor pump.
Various methods of handling liquid fertilizer, liquid
feeds, pesticidei, nematocides, and liquid manure
are discussed with special emphasis given to the
type of pumps recommended for each. Anhydrous
ammonia is usually transferred by a bleeding
system or a vapor-return system. It is commonly ap-
plied to the soil by employment of the pressure dif-
ferential system. Aqua ammonia is transferred by
centrifugal pumps as are many herbicides. Pesti-
cides are recently being applied with air-blast
pumps which use both air and water as a carrier of
the pesticide. A most successful hydraulic pump for
handling soil fumigants has the nylon roller im-
peller. This pump needs to be flushed with
Kerosene or Stoddard solvent. The helical rotor
pump with a rubber or synthetic rubber stator is a
new pump for handling liquid manure in the semis-
olid form. By pumping semisolids. a Missouri
farmer is able to weekly flush the wastes from a
350-hog installation with only 2,500 gallons of
water. Dairy cow wastes are also a temisolid, as
56% of the 12-15 gallons per day water consump-
tion is excreted in the feces while only 13% is
excreted in the urine. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0581 - E2
BROILER LITTER ON WELSH COAL TIPS.
Colin White.
Agriculture. Vol 77, No 2, February 1970, p 49-51.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, Farm wastes, 'Coal mine
wastes. 'Land reclamation. Perennial ryetrua
Vegetation establishment. Germination. '
Identifiers: 'Broiler liner, Field trials, South Wales.
In South Wales large areas of land occur as gigantic
coal spoil tips. Interested local authorities are In-
creasingly concerned that disused dpi should be
landscaped. Presently, however, up to five years
may elapse before thli land is considered suitable
for return to agricultural use. The National poultry
laying flock produces 2,000,000 tons of fresh
manure per annum. This poultry manure has values
that may fit it well for use on derelick land. Tests
266
-------
and trials were arranged to tee if poultry manure
could ameliorate the hanh conditioni presented in
trying to eitabliih grew on coal tips. Hen battery
slurry wu fint contidered and uud in the fint ger-
mination teit. Italian ryegrass seed wu mixed with
the tlurry and applied to tip material. Germination
was only about 50%. Next the grata teed wai
placed on the tip material and then covered by
broiler litter. No loaa in germination wu found with
thu tecond method. Field tests were then made
tiling thii technique. The reiulti were utiifactory.
Further triali and observation* are being con-
ducted on tipi and restored opencait titei. (Parker-
Iowa State)
0582 - A6, Bl, Fl
CRITERIA NEEDED TO DESIGN ANIMAL
QUARTERS FOR COMFORT AND PRODUC-
TIVITY,
Iowa State Univ.. Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
T E. Hazen.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 32, No 3, p 584-
589, 197l.20ref.
Descriptors: 'Design criteria, Farm wastes,
Research needs. Air pollution effects, Farm
management, Confinement pens, Investment
economics, Temperature control.
Identifiers: Animal quarters, Air purity.
Several reasons account for the shortages in
livestock housing design. The most frequent reason
ii either the added construction or operating cost
necessary to obtain something better. Very little is
known about the chemical and biological environ-
ment systems and the quantitative effects they may
have on animal comfort and productivity. In this
respect, manure management is now under inten-
sive study because fecal and urinary wastes appear
to contribute most to the formation of undesirable
conditions. Reasonably adequate data are now
available on the treatment and disposal of wastes,
but acceptable systems are lacking for separating
the manure safely and efficiently from the animal
and surroundings. (Bundy-lowa State)
0583 - AS, A6, C3, D3
AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Coll. of Agriculture.
L. F. Elliot, and T. M. McCalla.
Proceedings, Exploring Nebruka's Pollution
Problems, symposium article No 31275; Journal
Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station,
April 22,1971. pi-6, 29 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Air pollution, 'Dusts,
'Odor, Aesthetics, Erosion control. Land manage-
ment, Weed control, Pesticide drift, Dusl storms,
Wind erosion, Pollen, Smoke.
Identifiers: 'Allergens, 'Fatty-acids, Aerosol drift,
Ragweed pollen. Stubble mulching.
The major atmospheric pollutants from agriculture
are dust, allergens, odors, pesticides, and smoke.
The reduction of these pollutants through Im-
proved management practices can be demon-
strated. Dust can be controlled by proper cropping
systems and management, Allergens can be
decreased by weed control. If the surface of animal
wastes is maintained aerobically, little or no odor
will exist. Problems in reducing odor production in
animal confinement units are discussed along with
known odor causing chemicals present In these
units. However, the control of odors by chemicals
are usually of short duration and the chemicals are
prohibitively expensive. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0584 - F2
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO
LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Agricultural Engineering Research Div.
W. F. Schwiesow.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House,
Warrenton. Virginia, p. 19-25,1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Runoff, Water Quali-
ty Act. Regulation, Odor, Permits, Water pollu-
tion, 'Feedlots.
Uniformity of livestock feedlot design and
management regulations is desirable so feedlot
operators in one state do not have an advantage
over operations in another state. Information is
being made available to governmental authorities
and other interested people in an endeavor to
assist in obtaining a degree of uniformity. Interest
in the quality of environment has led to many
requests for information on state regulations per-
taining to livestock feedlots. A summary of the
material received may be categorized as follows:
(1) regulations concerning feedlot construction, (2)
control through other existing regulations, such as
water quality standards or public health require-
ments, (3) no specific regulations that are con-
sidered applicable. Definitions for feedlots vary
from state to state. Some states define a feedlot as
any livestock confinement area where vegetation
suitable for livestock consumption does not grow.
Other states specify a minimum number confined
at any one time. In most states, a penalty is
charged for violation of regulations. Penalties
range from $10 to as high as $1,000 fine. All 50
states have water quality standards which have
been wholly or partly approved by the federal
government. Recently passed legislation on air
quality standards will cause the development of
additional regulation for feedlot construction and
management.
0585 - Bl, C4
•OD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY
GROWERS AND PROCESSORS,
Griffith (Llewellyn B.). Falls Church. Va.
C. C. Griffith.
Water and Sewage Works. Vol 117. No 1. p IIW/9-
IW/14. Jan-Feb 1970.1 fig, 3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wute. Poultry. Biochemical
oxidation demand, Organic matter.
dentifiers: 'Poultry processing plant, Broilers.
Live weight. Blood wute.
The BOD from poultry processing plants and
parameters by which it can be estimated with
meaningful accuracy are necessary when designing
facilities. Graphs plotted from the data consistently
produce a curve whose slope is upward as the size
of the bird processed is increased. The BOD load
cannot be expressed accurately in terms of produc-
tion units of either head count or trass live-weight
unless the average live-weight per bird processed is
considered. The available data Is not considered to
be sufficiently comprehensive to permit precise
calculation of BOD loads Imposed by the larger
birds of today, but it is adequate to raise a warning
flag which should alert those involved to the proba-
bility that treatment plants designed according to
the old criteria may be underdesigned by a factor of
two where 4 Ib. birds are being, or soon will be,
processed. (Bundy-lowa State)
0586 - A2, Bl
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND ALTERNATIVES
TOR WASTE MANAGEMENT, ™U"ATIVBS
control, 'Confinement pent, Manure lagoons. Set-
tling buins, Land management. Fertilizers, Storm
run-off, Nitrates, Groundwater, Incineration,
Waste water treatment, Coliforms, Cattle, Sheep,
Hogi, Design criteria. Pacific Northwest.
Daily waste production of domestic animals is 10
times the waste production of the human popula-
tion of the U.S. Per capita beef consumption has
risen 34% from 1950 to 1960, while meat con-
sumption overall has risen 15%. To meet the de-
mand, the number of beef cattle in the U.S. has
gone from 85 million head in 1945 to 108 million
head in 1965, a 27% increase. Prior to the advent
of large feedlots, wastes were relumed to the land
to aid in feed production, but many feed lots have
concentrated so many animals that there is not
enough land nearby upon which to spread the
wastes. Waste treatment facilities are now becom-
ing necessary to these operations. The most com-
mon are oxidation lagoons and ditches, although
incineration and composting are simulating con-
siderable interest. Sight selection guidelines, design
criteria, and waste management suggestions are
presented. The development of new techniques and
the utilization of known conservation practices can
and should be combined to achieve water quality
control as well as soil and water conservation.
(Lowry-Texu)
C.E.Velrs.
Oregon State University. Water Resources
r- WR
0587 - AS, Dl
HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MER-
CAPTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering.
D. A. Carlson, and R. C. Gumennan.
Proceedings of the 21st Prudue Industrial Waste
Conference, Extension Series 121, 1966. p 172-
191,14 fig, 3 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Degradation, 'Hydrogen sulfide.
Soil bacteria, Soil types, Odor, Sulfur bacteria,
Pseudomonas, Anaefobic conditions, Loam,
Sands, Clays, * Waste treatment.
Identifiers: 'Methyl mercaptan, 'Soil filters, Elu-
tion water, Sulf uric acid.
Recently, the soil siltntion principle has been in-
troduced and successfully applied to odors
emanating from sewage. On this basis, a soil filtra-
tion system was chosen to experimentally remove
hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan from air.
Soil columns 3-1/2 feet long were used over a
period of six to eight weeks. On concentrations of
15 mg/1 hydrogen sulfide and 775 mg/1 methyl mer-
captan, efficiencies approached 100%. Different
types of soil were used with artificially enriched
fertile loam soil being superior in degradative abili-
ty to clay, sand, and sandy lotm soils. No op-
timum soil depth could be established, since bac-
terial population was still increasing at the end of
the test period. It appears that a depth of 3.5 feet is
near the maximum necessary. The effect of gas
settling of the mercaptan gas upon entering the soil
columns was negligible. A back pressure of 1,5
inches of water existed in a moist fertile loam soil
at a flow rate of 0.35 cfm. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0588 - D4
BFTECT OT TEMPERATURE ON AEROBIC
OKOMPOSmON OF DAIRY CATTLE
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering,
£ C. Nye. A. C. Dale, and D. E. Bloodgood.
Transactions of the ASAE. Vol 14, No 3. p 545-48
May-June, 1971. t fig. 3 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Aerobic treatment
•Wute disposal. 'Livestock wastes, Rumlnanu
Sewage disposal. Oxidation, Cattle. umm*ntt-
Identifiers: Phenyl pyruvlc acid.
-Livestock wu,., 'Water ouanty
wastes, which are
267
-------
about 25% lignin and protein, and 25% undigested
feed and bacterial cells. A manure mixture of 2
parts feces and I part urine was fed into five
decomposition chambers at a rate of 90 grams per
6 liters per day. After 28 days, batch feeding
replaced daily feeding in the chambers which
ranged in temperature from 35 to 7SF. On the 74th
day the entire contents of the chambers were dried.
When semi-continuous feeding was stopped, the
solids concentration of the supernatant decreased
to a minimum of 4000 mg/l in the warmest
chamber. As this minimum was reached the pH
dropped from 7.8 to 5.7 in seven days. This may
have been caused by the formation of phenyl pyru-
vic acid as lignin was transformed to humos. In an
aerobic system with a detention period of 74 days
at temperatures above 6SF, a reduction in volatile
solids of 70 percent can be attained. In the same
type of system at 48F, only 45% reduction of
volatile solids is attainable. A definite change in the
rate of decomposition of volatile solids and COD
seems to occur between 48F and S6F. (Schmitt-
lowaState)
0589 - A6, C3
VOLATILIZATION OF NITROGEN-CONTAI-
NING COMPOUNDS FROM BEEF CATTLE
AREAS,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
L. F. Elliott. G. E. Schuman. and F. G. Vlets.
Soil Science Society American Proceedings, Vol
JS.p 752-755,1971.4 fig, lOref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Ammonia, Fertilizer,
Pasture, Crop response. Land use, Dust, Cattle.
Identifiers: 'Acid trap, 'Cattle feedlot. Distillable-
nitrogen. Temperature-dependent, Aliphatic
amines. Corn stubble.
The release of NH3 plus steam-distillable organic N
compounds to the atmosphere from a small beef
feedlot and a pasture was measured. Acid traps
placed next to the feedlot and 0.8 km from the
feedlot averaged 148 and 16 kg/ha per yr NH3 plus
steam-distillable organic N compounds, respective-
ly. The same traps averaged 21 and 3.3 kg/ha per
yr, respectively, or organic N compounds that were
not recovered by the 3 min steam distillation
procedure. Feedlot disturbances, such as manure
mounding, increased volatilization of N com-
pounds. Ammonia plus steam-distillable organic N
compounds trapped near a cattle pasture and
cropland averaged IS and II kg/ha per yr, respec-
tively. Organic N compounds not recoverable by
the 3-min steam distillation were very low in the
areas. Normally, steam distillation values represent
only NH3; however, in this case, other N-contain-
ing compounds were distilled over and titrated as
NH3. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0590 - Bl, Dl, El
THE MISSOURI APPROACH TO ANIMAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Missouri Univ.. Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R. M. George, M. R. Peterson, C. G. McNabb, J.
W. Robbini, and G. B. Garner.
Missouri Water Pollution Board and Extension
Division, University of Missouri - Columbia.
MP232/7l/IM.pl-65.2ltab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wa»te, 'Lagoon, 'Design ittn-
dardi, Aeration. Filtration. Oxidation, Watte
disposal. Irrigation, Design. Sprinkler irrigation.
Farm management. Swine. Cattle. Anaerobic bac-
teria. Soil disposal fields.
Identifiers: 'Soil-plant filter, System management,
Solid manure.
Livestock producer! have asked for guidelines on
animal waste management that will be feasible and
enduring. With these facts in mind, staff engineers
of the Water Pollution Board held a series of
meetings with staff members of the Extension Divi-
sion and Department of Agricultural Engineering
of the University of Missouri-Columbia, to develop
guidelines for disposal of waste from confinement
feeding operations. The information and design
guidelines are intended primarily for the use of per-
sonnel in agencies concerned with animal waste
management systems, including detailed informa-
tion on the components; that is, settling basin and a
detention basin. Lagoon systems were outlined giv-
ing component parts and sizing with some cost esti-
mates. Guidelines were also given for final waste
disposal, including tankwagons and irrigation from
pits and lagoons. The effects of these systems on
the surroundings were also discussed. (Bundy-Iowa
State)
0591 — A2, A3, F4
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF THE
GREAT LAKES BASIN,
Deputy Minister. Ontario, Department of Agri-
culture and Food.
Allen Cywin, David Ward.
Agriculutral Pollution of the Great Lakes Basin,
Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality
Office, combined Report by Canada and the
United States 13020, July, 1971. p. 1178, 4 fig.
SO tab, 22 ref. •
Descriptors: 'Farm Waste, runoff, nutrients, pes-
ticides, herbicides, chemicals. Fertilizers, eutro
phication. Waste disposal, chloride, nitrogen,
phosphorus.
Identifiers: 'Great Lake Basin, Canada, United
States.
This report is intended to be a State-of-the-Arl
document concerning abatement of pollution ol
the Great Lakes Basin, as specifically Influenced
by agricultural and related sources. It was com-
piled by technical personnel, from appropriate
fields in universities and governmental depart-
ments in Canada and the United States. Primar-
ily it relates to the identification of the Impact
of agricultural and related activities on the pol-
lution of the Great Lakes Basin, The major con-
stituents of these non-point sources of pollution
which were studied included: 1) runoff and
release of nutrients, pesticides, and herbicides
and degradation by-products as a consequence
of the application of agricultural chemicals; Z)
runoff of pollutants from animal and poultry
production operations and from associated ani-
mal waste management structures and lands
used for ultimate disposal; 3) sedimentation
resulting from current land use practices, in-
cluding land influenced by agricultural activi-
ties and by local, state and federal activities
on public lands, highways and parks. Also un-
der study was the scope of current planning.
advisory and regulatory functions of the United
States and Canadian Governments. The findings
of some of the basic research conducted to date
by both Nations, and the substance of the pro-
grams Is one* of motivating development of more
comprehensively effective and universally ap-
plicable methodology for the management of
wastes from agricultural and related activities,
and the amelioration of the invaluable water
resources throughout the Great Lakes Basin.
(Bundy - ISU).
0592 - A3, A9, C3. F3
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE
DISPOSAL, „ .
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station,
New Haven.
Charles R. Frink. .
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Cir-
cular 237, May 1970. lOp, I tab, 1 fig, Uref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste disposal, 'En-
vironmental effects, 'Public health. 'Nutrients,
•Connecticut, Sewage treatment. Fertilizers,
Nitrogen, Dairy industry. Phosphorus.
Identifiers: 'Plant nutrients.
Plant nutrients released to the aquatic environ-
ment permit the growth of abundant weeds and
algae and complicate present efforts to provide
clean water for Connecticut citizens. These
nutrient sources include domestic sewage, animal
wastes, fertilizers used on both farm and lawns,
and nitrogen oxides from high temperature com-
bustion. Although the economic return from the
plant nutrients in farm manure is marginal at best,
we can no longer afford the consequences of re-
garding manure simply as waste to be disposed.
Continuing efforts should be made to keep
adequate land area in crops. Methods of assessing
the human health hazard from the disposal of farm
wastes should be examined. Research on methods
for storage and handling farm manure should be
continued, with the ultimate aim at storage and
distribution system so that manure is applied to
growing crops and not to bare or frozen soil.
Research should be continued on new agronomic
practices to improve the uptake by the crop of the
nutients in the applied manure. (Parker-Iowa
State)
0593 - Fl, F4
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal
Waste Management, September 28-30, 1971. The
Airlic House, Warrenton, Virginia, 203 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Legislation, Cattle,
Lagoons, Oxidation lagoons. Waste disposal,
'Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: 'State legislation, Animal waste
management. '
This proceeding represents a record of the first
meeting that was ever co-sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Council of State Governments,
National Association of State Universities and
Land Grant Colleges, and National Association of
State Departments of Agriculture. The purpose: to
focus on a problem with which they all have an in-
terest and responsibility. There is no doubt of the
public concern in a cleaner environment, including
clean streams and waterways. At the same time,
food requirements increase with the growing
population and this has resulted in heavier concen-
tration of livestock and poultry production which
are contributing to the.pollution of our streams.
Thus it is the animal waste management becomes a
matter of public concern. Under such circum-
stances the farmer and rancher who raise livestock
and poultry are subjected to both Federal and
State laws and regulations. This symposium pro-
vided an opportunity for these different interest
groups to meet together and share experiences.
knowledge, and concerns and hopefully to come
up with recommendations that will help assure at-
tainment of our environmental objectives.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0594 - F3
IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
J. P. Campbell.
In: Animal Waste Management Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment. September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House.
Warrenton, Virginia, p. 7-9.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Permits, Local
governments. Regulation, Odor, Water pollution,
Fertilizers.
Identifiers: 'State laws.
The management of animal waste requires im-
mediate attention. Animal wastes in this country
are one of the significant sources of waste in our
agricultural industrial-commercial-domestic com-
plex. Fortunately, most of the waste is disposed on
the land and does not constitute an environmental
pollution threat. The problem stems from in-
creased demand for meat and the modern farming
techniques. Eighty to 90 percent of swine, poultry,
and broilers are raised in concentrated areas.
Where this production is in close proximity to ur-
ban, recreational, and other areas heavily used by
288
-------
people, problems of odors, insects, rodents, and
dust can arise. Stream pollution can be a problem
even in more remote areas. A successful attack on
the problem of animal wastes requires cooperation
among USDA, the Environmental Protection
Agency, State and local agencies, and private en-
terprises. The prevention of agricultural pollution
must be based on alechnology that has been
thoroughly tested and proved as (I) economically
feasible for producers, (2) safe with reference to
the quality of products, and (3J protective of the
public's rights to a clean environment.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0595 - Al, F3
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE
ENVIRONMENT,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Office of Categorical Programs.
D. D. Dominick.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p. 11-14.
Descriptors: 'Farms wastes. Odor, Local govern-
ments, Regulation, Water pollution, Feed lots,
Legislation, Water Quality Act.
In a report to the President in 1969, entitled 'Con-
trol of Agriculture - Related Pollution,' prepared
by the Department of Agriculture and the Office
of Science and Technology, it was indicated that
animaJ wastes resulting from confined livestock
feeding operations created one of the country's
three main agricultural pollution problems. The
other two pollution problems related to agriculture
are caused by irrigation return flows and sediment-
laden runoff. These feedlot pollution problems
could have been minimized if care had been taken
in locating the feedlot. Most states have long-
standing public health and nuisance laws that,
theoretically, govern livestock and poultry opera-
tions with regard to flies and other disease vectors,
odors, and dust. However, these statutes do not
address the whole spectrum of air, water, and land
pollution caused by feedlots. The Environmental
Protection Agency has recently set up a Rural
Wastes Section in the Office of Water Programs.
This section is devoted to agricultural pollution
problems, and will be addressing the overall
problems of animal wastes. It will be developing
guidelines for control, such as determining how
much treatment is necessary, and will be providing
direction in training and research.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0596 - F2
SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS,
National Association of State Departments of
Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
W. S. Cath.
In: Animal Waste Management; Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House.
Warrenton, Virginia, p. 17-18.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Runoff, Regulation,
Pollution, Stale governments, 'Feedlots.
Registration of new feedlots is a part of published
regulations. In some states existing feedlots are
required to register within a specified lime. In
other states, existing feedlots are not notified of
pollution potential and someone calls this to the at-
tention of the pollution control authority. When
this occurs, the control authority requires the
operator to register the feedlot and to provide the
necessary information. In some states feedlots
would not have to register because of the size
limitation but can registerif they prefer to do so. A
state has responded to the animal waste runoff
problem in one of the three following manners:
either, developed regulations concerning feedlots
construction, have control through other existing
regulations such as water quality standards or
public health requirements, or no specific regula-
tions are considered applicable at this time.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0597 - Bl, F2
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO
LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Agricultural Engineering Research Div.
W. F. Schwiesow.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p. 19-25, 1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Runoff, Water Quali-
ty Act, Regulation, Odor, Permits, Water pollu-
tion, 'Feedlots.
Uniformity of livestock feedlot design and
management regulations is desirable so feedlot
operators in one state do not have an advantage
over operations in another state. Information is
being made available to governmental authorities
and other interested people in an endeavor to
assist in obtaining a degree of uniformity. Interest •
in the quality of environment has led to many
requests for information on state regulations per-
taining to livestock feedlots. A summary of the
material received may be categorized as follows:
(1) regulations concerning feedlot construction, (2)
control through other existing regulations, such as
water quality standards or public health require-
ments, (3) no specific regulations that are con-
sidered applicable. Definitions for feedlots vary
from state to state. Some states define a feedlot as
any livestock confinement area where vegetation
suitable for livestock consumption does not grow.
Other states specify a minimum number confined
at any one time. In most states, a penalty is
charged for violation of regulations. Penalties
range from $10 to as high as $1,000 fine. All 50
states have water quality standards which have
been wholly or partly approved by the federal
government. Recently passed legislation on air
quality standards will cause the development of
additional regulation for feedlot construction and
management.
0598 - F2, F3
MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANIMAL
WASTE CONTROL,
Council of State Governments, Washington, D.C.
R. D. Conrad.
Council of State Governments, Washington, D.C.
Descriptors: 'Regulation, 'Legal aspects, 'Farm
wastes, 'Standards, Confinement pens. Permits,
State governments, Civil law, Effluents, Water
quality control, Inspection, 'Feedlots.
Identifiers: Effluent standards.
A model state statute for animal waste control is
presented in an attempt to develop an effective
legislative control. Operations which are in com-
pliance with the statute are presumed not to con-
stitute a nuisance. The statute establishes
minimum animal numbers in confinement for an
operation to be subject to the permit programs. It
also establishes thai permits shall be needed for
the operation and construction of a livestock
operation with more than the minimum animal
numbers. The statute designates how a permit may
be revoked, allowing the operator an opportunity
for a hearing. The state legislation should provide
protection to those in compliance from harassing
legal action and provide stability in administration.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0599 - F2
PROBLEMS,
Minnesota Dept. of Agriculture, St. Paul.
R. M. Dennistoun.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 33-35.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Regulation, Permits.
Livestock, 'Minnesota, Feedlots.
Identifiers: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency,
Permit applications.
Regulations for the control of waste from
livestock feedlots, poultry lots, and other animal
lots were developed and officially adopted in
April, 1971 by the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency. These regulations were developed to
comply with the specific policy and purpose of the
State of Minnesota in regard to solid waste control
as set forth be Minnesota Statutes. The Agency
has prepared 'Permit Application' forms which are
to be completed by each operator who plans to
'CONSTRUCT' AND/OR 'OPERATE1 A
LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT. POULTRY LOT OR
OTHER ANIMAL LOT. The application includes
those existing feedlots that are 'noncomforming'
lots, which means that they do not meet the stan-
dards or criteria of some solid waste regulations.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0600 - F2
STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Oklahoma Board of Agriculture, Oklahoma City.
B. R.Gowdy.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment. September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p. 37-39.
Descriptors: 'Farms wastes. Waste disposal.
Regulation, Permits, Feedlots, Livestock,
•Oklahoma, 'Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Feed Yard Act. Oklahoma. Board of
Agriculture.
The Oklahoma Legislature, in 1969. recognized
the potential problem of animal waste disposal and
enacted a 'Feed Yards Act,' with administrative
responsibility in the State Board of Agriculture. A
•feed yard' was defined as an area where more
than 250 head of livestock were being fed for
slaughter and in which there was no growing
vegetation intended for livestock feed. The law
requires the feed yard operator to (I) provide
adequate control of pests. (2) provide reasonable
methods for the disposal of animal excrement, (3)
provide adequate drainage from the feed yard
premise of surface waters falling upon the area oc-
cupied by the feed yard so as not to pollute any
stream, lake, river or creek, (4) provide adequate
veterinarian services to detect, control, and
prevent the spread of livestock diseases, (5) have
available for use at all necessary times, mechani-
cal means of scraping, cleaning, and grading feed-
ing yard prmises, (6) provide weather-resistant
aprons adjacent to all permanently affixed feed
bunks, water tanks and feeding devices, and (7)
conduct feed yard operations in conformity with
established practices of the industry as approved
by regulations adopted by the Board.
(Bundy-Iowa Slate)
0601 - F3
PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION
CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Inst of
Government.
M. S. Heath, Jr.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
269
-------
menl, September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House.
Warrenton, Virginia, p 41-43.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Regulation, Permits,
Waste disposal. Feed lots.
Identifiers: Proposals.
North Carolina is considering legislation on the
subject of animal waste control and management.
During the recently concluded 1971 legislative ses-
sion, a bill proposing a survey and planning
process leading to administrative controls was
considered but not approved. North Carolina,
within the past year, has developed three separate
proposals involving legislation on animal waste
management and control. The first proposal, a
draft bill cast in the familiar form contemplating
regulation through permits for all animal or poultry
producing units, never was formally introduced
for legislative consideration. The second proposal,
retaining the general rule-making power of the
original draft but substituting a survey and
planning phase for permit requirements, was in-
troduced very late in the 1971 legislative session
and died in committee. The third proposal, con-
templating a study of animal waste management
and control by the legislature's interim study com-
mission, was adopted. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0602 - F2
STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Virginia State Water Control Board, Richmond.
L. O. Lawson.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 45-47.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Runoff, Waste
disposal, Livestock. Feed lots, Legislation, 'Vir-
ginia.
Identifiers: Point source discharge.
The Virginia State Water Control Law, first
enacted in 1946, was amended by the 1968 and
1970 general assemblies to broaden and strengthen
the authority of the Water Control Board. The
Board's powers to regulate municipal and industri-
al waste discharge are well defined and the law
specifically spells out procedures for certification
of such discharge. The Virginia pollution control
law can be summarized as follows: (1) The present
state water control law applies primarily to point
source discharge. (2) Standards have been ap-
proved pertaining to non-discharging lagoons, and
the procedures for issuing these types of cer-
tificates are well-defined. (3) The present state law
does not adequately apply to diffuse sources of
pollution. (4) Legal procedures involving animal
waste have proved workable in the past. (3) There
has been excellent cooperation from the other
agencies in the state that are involved with animal
waste. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0603 - Bl, F4
EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES AND
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLO-
GY,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Office of Research and Monitoring.
H. Bernard, J. Denit, and D. Anderson.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 69-83,7 fig, 7 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Pollution abatement,
•Treatment. Confinement pens, Aeration, Aerobic
treatment, Biological treatment. Digestion tanks.
Disposal, Farm lagoons, Organic loading. Soil
disposal fields, Runoff, Feed lots. Oxidation
lagoons.
Identifiers: *Zero discharge. Bio-filter.
We have arrived at the 'age of the feedlot.' More
animals arc housed, more feed consumed, and
more meat produced in any given restricted locale
than ever before. In addition to the consumable
products, f eedlots now produce upwards of 1.3 bil-
lion tons of raw manure annually. Environmental
impact notwithstanding, under these situations the
physical problem of merely keeping the pens,
barns, or houses even reasonably clean can be
overwhelming. The Environmental Protection
Agency research effort is being directed at
developing and demonstrating an array of waste
management procedures which effectively 'close
the loop' against waste discharges. Essentially the
effort is to provide farmers with the ability to
apply the concept of 'Zero-Discharge' of waste
flows. Several possible solutions are presented, a
'spray-runoff' concept, an oxidation ditch, and the
•barriered landscape water renovation system.'
0604 - Bl, F4
STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREAT-
MENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
A. C Dale.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 85-95,6 tab. 3 fig.
Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Dairy industry. 'Ru-
noff, Environmental sanitation. Liquid wastes,
Fertilization, Odors.
Identifiers: 'Field spreading.
Dairy-cow herds are proportionately small,
averaging about 30 to 40 cows per farm. Although
the trend in size is upward, the rate of increase is
quite low, and it appears an average herd size of 70
to 80 cows may be reached about 1990. Dairyman
have generally done a good job of returning their
wastes to the soil. Sanitarians and other health of-
ficers that visit grade A dairys have probably had
some influence. Liquid handling is now being
readily accepted and adapted to the dairy opera-
tion, but handling the manure as a semi-solid is still
the preferred way. Typically farm acreages are
more than 1/2 acre per dairy cow, thus sufficient
land is available for adsorption and utilization of
the wastes produced without polluting the soil,
water or air. Runoff from outside feeding floors
appears to be the most difficult problem confront-
ing dairymen. Lagoons are the most satisfactory
method of intercepting such runoff, but the excess
supernatant must be irrigated onto land and not
permitted to overflow into water resources. Aera-
tion can be used to control odors emanating from
lagoons. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0605 - A3, A4, F3
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION,
F.O.Viets.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 97-105,2 tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens,
•Runoff. Groundwater, Fertility, Soil properties.
Identifiers: 'Land spreading. Zoning.
Per capita beef consumption in the United States
has increased 3.5% per year for the last 20 years.
This coupled with the apparent profitability of
large integrated feeding and slaughtering opera-
tions indicate that feedlots will grow larger and not
smaller. We have never experienced such a con-
centration of wastes on so small an area as some of
our high density feedlots. Because stream and lake
pollution from runoff is now prohibited, engineers
are challenged to design facilities that minimize ru-
noff or dispose of it economically and, hopefully,
beneficially. The solution to the problem is to
return the solid waste to the land in sufficient
amounts for near maximum production of crops
without waste of the animal feces resource. Un-
derground water pollution appears to be a mostly
local phenomenon. Widespread contamination of
aquifers does not appear probable. Most of the un-
solved problems lie in the air pollution area. The
significance of increased levels of ammonia in the
air to surrounding crops and lakes needs further
study. Only about one tenth of the land needed to
produce foodstuffs for cattle is needed for produc-
tive waste disposal. Zoning appears to be one of
the best solutions to the feedlot problem. Such
zoning should include provision for adequate land
for manure and runoff disposal.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0606 - Al, F4
POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
'Engineering.
R. C. Loehr.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment. September 28-30. 1971. The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 107-110.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Waste
storage, Eutrophication, Drying, Odors.
Identifiers: 'Field spreading.
In most areas of the United States, if an egg
producer does not have anywhere from 13 to 30
thousand birds under his control, he is not a major
egg producer. The major egg producers usually
have production complexes around three hundred
thousand birds. In the general commercial house
of today, the wastes are defecated through the
cages to pits below the cages. Anaerobic condi-
tions occur in the pits and when the wastes are
spread, odors are released. All alternatives in stor-
ing wastes include either aeration or drying com-
bined with land disposal. It is extremely unlikely
that the quality of aeration systems can be made
such that the resultant effluent can go directly into
any body of water. The place to put agricultural
wastes is back on the land. The problem of
nutrient control is another factor which requires
concern when investigating alternative approaches
for agricultural waste management. In the case of
nitrogen removal, ammonia released to the at-
mosphere is not the best approach because of the
environmental problem that can result when it
comes down. This demonstrates the need to deter-
mine overall rather than piecemeal solutions.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0607 - Al, F4
SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
A.J.Muehling.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 111-119,7 fig, 2 tab, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal.
Farm lagoons. Waste storage, 'Runoff, Irrigation
practices. Confinement pens.
Identifiers: 'Field spreading,' Pasture and
recycling.
In the 10 Corn Belt states where over 80% of the
hogs were sold in 1964, the number of farms
selling hogs declined 27% from 1959 to 1964, but
the number of hogs sold increased 6%. The adop-
tion of slatted floors has done much to influence
the trend toward confinement by reducing or al-
most eliminating bandcleaning and making it possi-
ble to pump and handle the wastes with mechani-
cal equipment. The confinement operator has all
the wastes confined, so he only needs to adapt a
suitable method of disposal to avoid pollution. Due
to high nutrient strength as well as high BOD con-
270
-------
centration, it appears swine wastes must be
returned to the soil. Due to dispersion, hogs on
pasture have a low water pollution potential unless
they have access to a stream. Swine production
systems using solid floors and bedding has high
pollution potential if part of the floor is uncovered.
The major problems with spreading liquid manure
from storage pits are the odors immediately after
spreading and danger from runoff if spread on
rolling land or frozen ground. Lagoons seldom pu-
rify liquid: so that they may be released into a
natural watercourse. Strong odors are associated
with anaerobic lagoons. Although oxidation
ditches are virtually odorless, the effluent is not
purified to pollution control standards. Hydraulic
manure removal minimizes odors but some type of
recycling system is normally required. Dehydra-
tion, incineration, and composting are not feasible
at this time. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0608 - El
RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Agricultural Engineering Research Div.
R. C. Yeck, and P. E. Schleusener.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 121-127,2 fig, 3 tab, 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Reuse, Fertilization,
Nutrition, Phosphorus, Nitrogen.
Identifiers: 'Recycling.
With much concern over upsetting the earth's
delicate ecological balance, we seek the ideal of
having all earthly activities fit into one mammoth
recycling system. The present system of animal
production is inefficient as it fails to take ad-
vantage of the feed value left in waste and the
wastes are considered an environmental contami-
nant. Land recycling is currently the best available
practice and will probably continue as a prime
method for recycle for several years. Some
recycling processes have feed as their only
product, some produce nonfeed by-products such
as methane gas, industrial chemicals, or water.
The actual feed value of a specific animal waste is
dependent on the waste used, the species to which
it is fed, and the process used. The total protein
output for any process will, of course, be limited
by the nitrogen that was initially in the animal
waste. Other constituents of value in animal watte
include calcium, phosphorus, starch, and struc-
tural polysaccharides. Addition of sodium hydrox-
ide or sodium peroxide increases the digestabuity
of wastes significantly. Ensiling mixtures of
manure and grasses seems to have much potential
as a refeeding process. Lagooning, hydroponics,
insect culture, earthworm culture, fish culture,
algae production, yeast production, and single cell
protein culture are other processes that might
prove to be acceptable economical recycling
processes. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0609 - F2, F3
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES,
Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md.
Bureau of Veterinary Medicine.
J. C. Taylor.
In; Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment. September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 129-131.4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Reuse, 'Regulation,
Legal aspects, Inter-agency cooperation.
Identifiers: 'Refeeding, Poultry litter.
The current Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
prohibits interstate commerce in adulterated or
mubranded foods and drugs. On September 2,
1967 the Food and Drug Administration published
Section 359, which is a formal statement of policy
under subchapter A, Title 21 of the Code of
Federal Regulation. This section states that the
FDA has not sanctioned and does not sanction the
use of poultry Utter as a feedstuff for animals
although it has been receded to Subpart B of Part
135, Section 133.104. This policy statement is con-
sidered to be a general statement applying to all
waste products proposed as a component of the
diet of animals. The reasons given are that wastes
may be expected to contain drugs and antibiotics
or their metabolites and that disease organisms
may be transmitted through the wastes. The Bu-
reau of Veterinary Medicine has received
authorization to contact representatives of the En-
vironmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, the National Institutes of Health, and
the Association of American Feed Control offi-
cials in an attempt to better coordinate the efforts
of agencies concerned with recycling wastes. The
three basic categories of information desired on
waste products submitted to the FDA for review
are (I) establishing nutritive value, (2) determining
safety to animals and (3) determining food from
these animals is safe for man.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0610 - A2, A3, A4, Fl
WATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER,
Congress, Washington, D.C.; and House,
Washington, D.C.
F. Schwengel.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 133-135.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Govern-
ment finance, Costs, Waste disposal, Pesticides.
Identifiers: Financial return.
The definition of pollution might be 'An unfavora-
ble alteration of our surroundings manifested by a
degradation of the physical, chemical, and biologi-
cal characteristics of the associated land, water
and air.' Agriculture is concerned with at least four
major sources of water pollution: sediment,
animal wastes, nutrient runoff from fertilizer use,
and pollution from pesticides. There are at least
two primary reasons that farm and non-farm in-
dustries have neglected certain aspects of waste
disposal. First, control measures demand an added
Investment without a commensurate financial
return, and second, changing production practices
have made it more difficult to dispose of wastes.
Despite the magnitude of agricultural pollution,
funding by Congress continues at a modestly in-
adequate rate. Only a little more than $100 million
a year will be spent on watershed development
projects during the next few years, whereas a
funding rate of $500 million annually is needed to
accomplish the objectives of minimizing agricul-
tural run-off, silting, and other sources of pollu-
tion. If we do not address ourselves to the agricul-
tural pollution problem, we will not achieve our
objectives. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0611 - Al, Bl, F4
U.&D.A. TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,
Department of Agricultural, Washington, D.C.
Science and Education.
T. C. Byerly.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 139-141.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen-
cies, 'Government supports. Water resources
development.
Identifiers: 'Agricultural Research Service,
Cooperative State Research Service, Economic
Research Service, ooil Conservation Service.
Three research agencies of the Department of
Agriculture provide technical and financial
assistance. These include the Agricultural
Research Service, the Cooperative State Research
Service, and the Economic Research Service.-The
Soil and Water Conservation Research Division of
the Agricultural Research Service is responsible
for such things as air pollution and water pollution
by feedlots. The engineering group of this division
is constantly seeking new structures that can con-
tain, divert, or reduce pollution. The animal
husbandry group looks into the possibility of
recycling waste as feed. The Cooperative State
Research Service administers about a million dol-
lars worth of funds annually throughout the states
on pollution control research. The containment,
diversion, reduction, and utilization of waste are
areas of concern. The Economic Research Service
is responsible for evaluation of alternate methods
of waste management and the evaluation of the
economics of scale, organization of fecdlot enter-
prises, and the efficiency of feedlot production.
Agencies that provide the bulk of technical
assistance as well as some financial assistance in-
clude the Soil Conservation Service, the Fanners
Home Administration, the Farmer's Cooperative
Service, the Agricultural Research Service, and
the Extension Service. The Soil Conservation Ser-
vice has information available for all problems in
the area of structure design. The Extension Ser-
vice is a very good information delivery system as
it is present in every county. (Schmitt-Iowa
State)
0612 - Al. Bl, Fl
PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL
WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS,
Farm Credit Administration, Washington, D.C.
G. L. Swackhamer.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 143-145.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Credit, "Loans,
Financing, Economic feasibility. Pollution abate-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Farm Credit System, Federal Land
Bank, Production Credit Association. Banks for
Cooperatives.
The Cooperative Farm Credit System is a private-
ly owned and managed system of credit services to
farmers, ranchers, and their cooperatives. It is
comprised of Federal Land Banks, Production
Credit Associations, and Banks for Cooperatives.
The funds used by the System are obtained from
the sale of bonds and debentures to private in-
vestors through a Fiscal Agency, and is regulated
by the Farm Credit Administration, an indepen-
dent agency. It appears desirable that some
guidelines for decisions involving pollution control
facilities be established, since the amount of credit
required to finance animal waste systems is sizable
and varies widely, and frequently, credit-worthy
farmers have encountered difficulty in financing
waste systems. Farm Credit banks have concluded
that cooperatives have more waste management
problems than individuals, relocation is often the
method of resolving pollution problems, expendi-
tures for waste disposal systems frequently lead to
cost overruns; both lenders and borrowers are
frequently ignorant of current laws and regula-
tions, no single method of handling animal wastes
is best in all cases, and amounts for pollution con-
trol are often intertwined with total credit requests
and may not receive adequate attention. Recon-
ciliation of social benefit-cost issues with private
investment-production decisions is producing new
considerations for both lenders and borrowers
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0613 - Al, Bl, Fl
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
271
-------
FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Office of Water Programs.
K.M. Mackenthun.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 147-149.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen-
cies, 'Government supports, Water resources
development, Federal Water Pollution Control
Act.
Identifiers: Solid Wastes Disposal Act.
In confined animal feeding, manure becomes a lia-
bility for both the operator and the public, as it is a
repository for diseases and pests and it is a
catastrophic polluter when it reaches a waterway.
Runoff from cattle feedlots can be toxic to aquatic
life, remove needed oxygen from the water, and
supply food for the development of nuisance
biological pests. The Environmental Protection
Agency has a number of grants for research and
demonstration and technical assistance activities
that are applicable to the control of animal feedlot
wastes. Grants are authorized under Section 6 (b)
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with
the prime objective to develop by the late 1970's
techniques for the complete elimination of point-
source wastes, as well as to develop and demon-
strate technology for the renovation of waste-
waters for reuse. Technical assistance is available
in the Office of Water Programs' Division of
Technical Support and in comparable support
groups within the ten regions of the Environmental
Protection Agency. Both the Solid Waste Disposal
Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
provide grants to assist state, interstate, municipal
and inter-municipal agencies and organizations in
development of plans and programs for solid
waste and water pollution control. Regional EPA
Administration should be contacted for Agency
assistance. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0614 - Bl, Fl
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PRO-
GRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL AND
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SMALL FIRMS
IN SOLVING PROBLEMS RELATIVE TO
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL,
Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C.
Office of Financial Assistance.
A. E. Armstrong.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 151-152.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen-
cies, 'Government supports. Water resources
development. Pollution abatement.
Identifiers: 'Small Business Administration.
It is the policy of the Small Business Administra-
tion to make, participate in, or guarantee loans to
small firms for any worthy business purpose,
which includes waste disposal of any kind. Con-
sideration is given to increasing loan amounts
requested to provide for acquisition and installa-
tion costs of waste disposal or waste treatment
facilities with the same approach being permitted
in respect to air and solid waste pollution. It is
possible for the SMA to launch new business
operations such as those in the processing or
recycling waste field, but they are very difficult to
handle. If an existing business wishes to purchase
or install recycling or reprocessing equipment this
would be treated as normal business expansion.
Since SBA is a lending agency, it is concerned
with credit criteria or requirements. As any other
lender, it is interested in the character of its bor-
rowers and in repayment ability, management
ability, capitalization, and collateral. For lending
purposes a business qualifies as a small business,
generally, if it retails less than SI million annually.
The classification of a manufacturing concern is
based on the number of employees and can range
from less than 250 to less than 1,500 depending
upon the industry. SBA is not empowered to make
any type loan or guarantee to agricultural enter-
prises, being limited in its activities to commercial
operations. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0615 - Bl, Fl
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CON-
STRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF IR-
RIGATION SYSTEMS,
New Mexico State Government, Santa Fe. Office
of State Engineer.
J. C. Yates.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House.
Warrenton, Virginia, p 153-155.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen-
cies, 'Government supports. Water resources
development, Pollution abatement.
Identifiers: 'Community ditches. Soil Conserva-
tion Service, Agricultural Stabilization and Con-
servation Service, Four Comers Regional Com-
mission.
Funds for programs relating to water supplies for
irrigation, and projects for the construction and
improvement of irrigation systems are from a trust
fund account established by the Congress of the
United States (Act of Congress 30 Slat. 484) in
1898 to the Territory of New Mexico. For that por-
tion of the Southwest that was acquired by the
United States from Mexico, the community ditch
is an institution peculiar to the native people, and
the customs governing community ditches are
written into law. Through the cooperation of the
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Ser-
vice, the Soil Conservation Service, the Four Cor-
ners Regional Commission, and local ditch or-
ganizations, nearly all ditches have been improved
through concrete ditch lining, plastic and concrete
pipelines and appurtenances for the distribution of
water, works for flood protection of irrigation
structures, construction of diversion dams, ditch
headings and sluiceways, and improvement of im-
poundment dams. In addition to grants and loans
to community ditches, the Interstate Stream Com-
mission has loaned to irrigation and conservation
districts about SI .8 million for lining ditches, level-
ing land, and undertaken similar conservation
practices. The success of the cooperative irriga-
tion systems improvement program may en-
courage others to seek acceptable Federal-State-
Local programs for animal waste management.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0616 - A3, Bl, F3
THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PRO-
JECT,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison.
D. G. Last.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airiie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 163-167,1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen-
cies, 'Waste storage. Government supports. Pol-
lution abatement.
Identifiers: 'Agricultural Stabilization and Con-
servation Service, Soil Conservation Service,
Rural Environmental Assistance Program, Lake
Mendota.
In 1966, the Lake Mendota Problems Committee
prepared a report entitled, "Report on the Nutrient
Sources of Lake Mendota.' Evidence was
presented showing 30% of the phosphorus which
entered the lake stemmed from runoff from
agricultural land on which manure had been
spread. Potential for this type of runoff was par-
ticularly high during the winter when snow cover
or frost made the soil impermeable. It was decided
lake improvement could be accomplished by
recommending methods for handling animal
wastes that decrease water pollution. Through the
cooperation of the Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Service, the Soil Conservation Ser-
vice, and the University of Wisconsin Extension
office, storage strhetures were built on a cost-
sharing basis for those livestock facilities needing
them. Despite the voluntary basis for this project,
it is felt the Rural Environmental Assistant Pro-
gram's stated goal: 'To improve the quality of life
for all people by preventing or abating environ-
mental pollution: providing the maximum public
benefit; and conserving the land and related natu-
ral resources,' has been accomplished
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0617 - Al, Bl, F4
THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION
ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ.,
Blacksburg. Cooperative Extension Service.
R. L. Wesley.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 169-171.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, •Adminis-
trative agencies, Lagoons, Anaerobic digestion,
'Vaste treatment. Water reuse, 'Virginia.
Cooperative Extension Service at Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University is quite
heavily involved in assisting the poultry industry
in Virginia with pollution abatement. Areas of
assistance with top priority include the design.
construction, and operation of waste disposal
systems for poultry processing and rendering
plants, and conduction of on-campus short cour-
ses at VPI and SU on pollution abatement. Poultry
processing waste is a suitable substrate for biologi-
cal degradation by both aerobic and anaerobic bac-
teria. The effluent from processing plants contains
the proper bacterial flora so that when subjected
to adequate liquid-solid separation procedures,
80% to 95% BOD removal can be achieved with
the use of a series of oxidation ponds or lagoons. A
grease and grit trap, an anaerobic digester, an
aerobic polishing lagoon, and/or a mechanical
aerator are the necessary ingredients for reliable
disposal. If human sewage is also involved, final
effluent chlorination is sometimes required. Tem-
perature and depth of the lagoon are two critical
factors for effective decomposition. At 10, 20, and
30 degrees Centigrade, 32, 89, and 96 percent of
the solids have been removed. Predominant bac-
teria that will appear in a lagoon are temperature
dependent as evidenced by the various colors
produced as the temperature changes occur. Addi-
tional processes will need to be added to the design
uv order for the treated effluent to be recycled.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0618 - Bl, F3
COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS-
FUL ACTION,
E. W. McMunn.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 173-176.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Communication,
'Technology, Waste disposal, Pollution abate-
ment, Political aspects, Education.
Developing new technology is important: but
knowledge is of little value until it is put to use.
And it will never be used unless it reaches the
minds of those who need to know. We spend rela-
272
-------
lively little time studying how to communicate in
an effective manner. Nun-farm people are increas-
ingly calling the tune where our vital interests are
concerned, due to population shifts. These people
no longer understand agriculture and many
'couldn't care less. Our job is to huild understand-
ing with non-farm people. Since the whole store of
knowledge is incomprehensible, we must choose a
few basic ideas and concentrate on these.
Questions we must decide include, (I) What,
really, is the message we wish to tell. (2) Why do
we want to tell it. (3) Who do we want to reach. (4)
Who should do the telling. (5) What 'vehicles'
must be employed to transport our message.
Something similar to a task force needs to make
these decisions where people with a common in-
terest unite to tell a story. This task force must
represent a wide range of interests, be aware of
human nature in planning communication strategy,
plan communications programs on the basis of
meaning to the people we're trying to reach, have
a relevant message and then deliver it in terms the
audience will understand. Certainly, the most im-
portant single clement must be a communications
plan. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0619 - F4
REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF
WORKING GROUPS.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30. 1971. The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 179-185.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen-
cies, 'Government supports. Economic feasibili-
ty. Pollution abatement.
Identifiers: Extension Service.
Six different subject categories were discussed by
various working groups of the National Symposi-
um on Animal Waste Management. Recommenda-
tions have been made for each subject category
and are as follows: (1) Information Programs - A
national agricultural-related pollution problem in-
ventory should be funded and carried out through
existing agencies; create a national data inventory
bank on waste management research; establish a
task force to develop a system for providing
animal waste management information to farmers
and to the public. (2) Education and Training Pro-
gram - The Extension Service should receive addi-
tional resources and be more concerned with
public affairs; formal education should be
emphasized both in the private sector and in
government agencies. (3) Technical Assistance -
An advisory committee with some legal status
should be established to advise legislators;
livestock and poultry producers should form a
common group to represent their interests. (4)
Financial Assistance - Tax credits should be al-
lowed for pollution abatement measures; reloca-
tion assistance should be available; cost-share pro-
grams should be expanded. (5) Research and
Development - On-farm field research should be
increased and supported financially. (6) Legisla-
tion and Regulation - Flexibility should be main-
tained; An ad hoc animal waste coordinating com-
mittee should be appointed in each state to im-
prove cooperation among all groups and develop
well-defined goals. (Schmitt- Iowa State)
0620 - F3
RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK
PRODUCERS FEDERATION.
In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of
'National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage-
ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House,
Warrenton, Virginia, p 187-188.
Descriptors: ''Farm wastes, * Administrative agen-
cies, 'Government supports, Pollution abatement,
Was'te disposal, 'Milk, 'Dairy industry.
Identifiers: 'Rural Environmental Assistance Pro-
gram.
The regulation of individual livestock operations
should be based on individual adherence to re-
gional waste management guidelines. Regional
guidelines should serve as national standards to be
enforced at the state level through an appropriate
state certification program. The development of
regional guidelines should be predicated on the
principle that an overall conservation plan is es-
sential for the individual farm or ranch enterprise
embarking on a pollution prevention program. It is
essential that animal waste management guidelines
become a part of a systematic approach to develop
an overall conservation plan because of the inter-
relationship of waste utilization, recycling, or
disposal, with overall farm operations, available
soils and appropriate vegetation. Each waste
management system must be tailored to the needs
of individual owners or operators within the capa-
bility of soils and plant cover at the site. A contract
arrangement between USDA and individuals is
most effective in assisting farmers to comply with
regional guidelines. An additional $200 million per
year over current REAP funding should be ap-
propriated for expenses of a program of research,
financial and technical assistance to agricultural
waste and pollution producing enterprises.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0621 - D2, E3, Fl
POULTRY POLLUTION: RESEARCH
RESULTS,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Agricultural
Experiment Station.
C. C. Sheppard.
Research Report 152 Farm Science, C.C. Shep-
pard, editor. 64 p. November, 1971.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. *Odor, 'Poultry,
Nutrients. Diets. Fertilizer. 'Waste disposal.
Analysis.
Identifiers: 'Dried Poultry waste, Air ventilation,
Supplemental protein. Feed efficiency.
The drying and feeding of poultry waste was
reviewed as to the economic value, nutrient value,
and the effects on animals fed dried poultry
manure. The topics include: (1) economics of dried
poultry waste as a feed ingredient or a fertilizer,
(2) feeding dehydrated poultry waste to dairy
cows, (3) the relationship of drying temperature to
total crude protein in dried poultry waste. (4) dry-
ing of poultry manure in a cage-layer house, (5)
dried poultry waste as a protein source for feedtot
cattle. (6) the metabolizeable energy value of dried
poultry waste, and (7) the effects of continually
recycling dehydrated poultry waste on the per-
formance of SCWL laying hens. A table presents
results of analyses of samples of dried poultry
waste. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0622 - C3, C5, E3
EARLY EXPERIMENTS AT MICHIGAN STATE
UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THE USE OF
CHICKEN MANURE,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
H.C.Zindel.
In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan
Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report
152 Farm Science. November 1971. p 2-3.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Nutrients,
Antibiotics, Diets, 'Waste disposal.
Identifiers: Fresh chicken droppings, Oven dried.
The original poultry science research at Michigan
State University involving the use of poultry
excreta as a feed ingredient was performed in
1954. Drs. David Libby and P. J. Schaible used
poultry manure in research involving antibiotics.
They reported that under clean battery conditions
no response was obtained from the drug in the
feed. However, when contaminated manure was in
the ration, the furazotidone exhibited a
pronounced growth response. In 1959. W. K.
Warden and P. J. Schaible conducted a series of
experiments in which fresh chick droppings were
fed to chicks daily in the presence and absence of
antibiotics. When fecal matter was fed to chicks
growth rate was depressed below that of the con-
trols, but this depression was not statistically sig-
nificant In 1961, J. D. Yates reported that fresh
hen feces added to the feed of chicks and poults
depressed growth, except in some groups which
received a high level of antibiotics. Heated (100
Deg Q fresh ben feces improved the growth rate
of chicks which received no antibiotics and turkey
poults which received Virgeniamycin in the ration.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0623 - E3. Fl
ECONOMICS OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE
(DPW) AS A FEED INGREDIENT OR A FER-
TILIZER,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
H. C. Zindel, and C. J. Flegal.
In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan
Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report
152Farm Science. November, 1971. p4-7.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, Drying,
Poultry, Fertilizer, 'Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Hens, Tractor and spreader, Dried
poultry waste. Recycling.
Several laying hen trials have been conducted
using dried poultry waste (DPW) in the diet. If
12.5% or 25% DPW of the total ration were sub-
stituted for the same amount of corn on a pound
for pound basis, basing the cost of corn at $60 per
ton and DPW at $20 per ton, a direct saving of
either $5.00 or $10.00 per ton can be realized.
respectively. Translating this into savings per
dozen eggs, a one cent per dozen eggs savings
would be accomplished for 12.5% DPW and a two
cents per dozen eggs savings on 25% DPW.
Manure disposal via the conventional method of
spreading on crop land versus that of drying pro-
vides some interesting facts and figures. A flock of
100,000 layers provides 4,563 tons of manure per
year (at the rate of .25 Ib./bird/day) or 12.5 tons
daily. If one assumed it takes 2 days or 16 hr. to
clean the house (s) each month (4 week period) and
deliver the wet manure to the field for spreading
with a tractor and spreader, or deliver to a dryer
site for processing, the following facts apply: wet
manure value for fertilizer: $2.39 ton; cost of
spreading wet manure: $11.96 tons. Difference of
$9.57 /ton is the loss to spread on the land.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0624 - E3
FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE
TO DAIRY COWS,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of
Dairy Science.
J. W. Thomas, and H. C. Zindel.
In: Poolty Pollution: Research Results, Michigan
Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report
152 Farm Science, November, 1971. p 8-11,2 tab.
4ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes. 'Poultry, Cattle, Dry-
rag, Amino acids. Nitrogen, Protein, 'Waste
disposal.
Identifiers: Laying hens. Dairy cattle. Dehydrated
poultry waste. Milk quality.
Investigators have found that several classes of
livestock could derive energy and nitrogen from
various animal manures. The digestive system of
the ruminant can convert various non-protein-
nitrogen sources into amino acids that are useful to
the animal. Of the nitrogen in poultry manure, 25
to 75% may be in various non-protein-nitrogen
forms. This non-protein-nitrogen in poultry
273
-------
manure may ilowly hydrolyze in the rumen and
form a very good lource of N (or ruminants.
Dehydrated caged layer feces was fed to milking
dairy cows to determine if it could serve as a
nitrogen energy lource. Consumption of the grain
mixture containing 30% dehydrated poultry waste
(DPW) was as great as that of cows fed normal
grain mixtures after the cows became accustomed
to the material The flavor of the mflk from DPW
fed cows was scored normal Dehydrated caged
layer feces was successfully used to furnish a por-
tion of the dietary protein and energy in the diet of
milking cows. Thus, products similar to that used
here could replace 15 to 20% of the dietary protein
of ruminants. (Bundy-Iowa state)
kwh costs between 1.3 to 2.0 cents). Removing ad-
ditional water from the droppings during winter
months may not be worth the cost, unless the un-
desirable threshold is imminent and dwellings are
near by. During hot weather conditions, removing
part of the fecal matter moisture immediately after
depositcould be critical in controlling odors. High
temperatures accelerate odor production; and hot
weather vaporization with energized panels could
be much more efficient in utilizing electrical heat
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0625- C3. D2
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERA-
TURK TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED
POULTRY WASTE,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
C. C. Sheppard, C. I. Plegal, D. Dora, and J. L.
Dale.
In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan
Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report
132 Farm Science, November, 1971. p 12-16. 1 fig,
2 tab, 3 ret.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Drying, Protein,
Poultry, Feces, 'Waste disposal.
Identifiers: Dried poultry waste. Commercial
dryer.
Benne from Michigan State University reported
laboratory analysis of 77 samples of poultry feces.
Fourteen of these were analyzed as a wet product
(as received from a poultry house) and 63 had been
dried in a commercial dryer, prior to the analysis.
The extreme variations in total protein on a dry
weight basis of the wet and dried samples are
given. The relationship between the temperature at
which the feces was dried and the resulting total
protein content of the dried poultry waste was in-
vestigated. The regression analysis of the data
shows there tends to be an invent relationship
between the heat and the resulting total protein.
The correlation of drying temperature to the
resulting total protein approaches significance.
The calculated coefficient was -0.284; -0.288
would indicate significance at the P - .05 level.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0626 - AS, A6, Bl, D2
DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-
-LAYER HOUSE,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, Dept of
Agricultural Engineering.
M. L.Eimay, and C. C. Sheppard.
In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan
Agricultural Experiment Station/Research Report
132 Farm Science, November, 1971. p 17-27, 2 fig,
3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, •Poultry, *D-
rylng, Environment, Air pollution, 'watte
disposal.
Identifiers: Partial drying, Cage-laying house, Air
ventilation.
Odor control is Important for today's poultry en-
terprises. Partial drying of the poultry excreta
within a fiw hours after deposit it one way to
minimize odor production and thus air pollution.
This Investigation dealt with the meant and related
economics of partially drying fecal matter la the
poultry house with supplemental electrical energy.
Over 2000 Btu of electrical energy were required
to evaporate each additional pound of water from
ulated over
0627 - E3
DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A PROTEIN
SOURCE FOR FEEDLOT CATTLE.
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of
Animal Husbandry.
H. F. Bucholtz. H. E. Henderson. C. J. Flegal, and
H.C.Zindel.
In: Poultry Pollution: Research Reaults, m«-»i
-------
Detcripton: *F«rm wastet, 'Poultry, •Odor,
•Oaiet, Ammonia, Hydrogen tulfide, Ou chro-
matography, Carbon dioxide, Moisture content.
Organic compound!, * Air pollution.
Identificn: 'Paniculate matter, Soil column*,
Odor panel, Soil filtration, 'Odor control.
The technological changes which have taken place
in livestock production in the latt few yean to pro-
vide economical meat, eggs, and mflk have
resulted in the concentration of animalt under con-
dition* of high deniity for greater efficiency. Thlt
change of management practice hu created
problemi in both waite ditpoul and the control of
odon from theie waiter These odon are particu-
larly obnoxioui when either the animal enterprise
or the land for disposal of manure U adjacent to
urban or retort developments. Results of a two
year research project dealing with the detection
and control of air pollution from high density
poultry management systems are summarized. It
covers such subjects as the determination of the
chemical nature of the odor of poultry manure; the
quantitative determination of odon and gases
from poultry manure; the role of paniculate matter
in air pollution; and odor control methods such as
soil filtration, water scrubbing, and chemical treat-
ment. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0632 - AS, C3
THE QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF
THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept of Food
Science.
W. E. Burnett.
In: Odors, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High
Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re-
late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York
Sute Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources,
Ithaca. New York, p 2-17, April 15,1969.6 fig. 2
tab, 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Poultry, Oat
chromatography, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Hydrogen
sulfide. Organic compounds, 'Air pollution.
Identifiers: Odor panel, Organoleptic techniques,
Liquid poultry manure. Odorous organic com-
pounds.
A combination of gas chromatographic and or-
ganoleptic techniques was used to determine the
chemical compound* responsible for the offensive
odor of accumulated liquid poultry manure. In ad-
dition to the odorous gate*, ammonia and
hydrogen sulfide, • number of odorous organic
compound* were identified, including the C2 to C3
organic acid*, indole, tkatole, dUcetonm, mercap*
tans, and sulfides. Of these, organoleptic tests In-
dicate that the organic acid*, mercaptana, and sul-
fides were Important malodorous components.
Skatole was also Implicated at an important
malodorous component, due to its characteristic
strong, fecal odor. Amines evidently play an Im-
portant role In the odor as well.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0633 - AS, B1.C3
THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF
THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN
MANURE
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y, Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.T.Sobel, and W.E. Burnett.
In: Odors, Oases snd Paniculate Matter from High
Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re-
late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York
Sute Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources,
Ithaca. New York, p 18-39, April 15,1969. 3 fig, 3
tab, 12ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, Waste dilu.
tion, Poultry, Ammonia, Moisture content, *Alr
pollution.
Identifiers: 'Vapor dilution, 'Liquid dilution,
Manure strength, Cage-laying hens, Olfactory
threthold test, Fresh manure.
Strength is a characteristic of an odor that can be
measured. In contrast to characteristics such as
quality and occurrence which rely only on in-
dividual opinion, strength allows associating a
number with an odor. The method of liquid dilu-
tion and the method of vapor dilution have been
investigated. Odor strength of animal manures can
be measured on a laboratory basis by the liquid
dilution and the vapor dilution methods. The vapor
dilution method looks at the odors arising from the
manure while the liquid dilution method is con-
cerned with the odors in the manure or the odor
potential of the manure. Odor wa* found to have a
higher strength from mixed manure than from un-
mixed manure. Odon arising from diluted or
'liquid* manure have an odor strength comparable
with the odon arising from undiluted manure,
However, the quality of the odor from 'liquid'
manure is very offensive compared with the am-
monia-like odor from undiluted manure. Reduc-
tion in the moisture content of manure reduces the
odor strength and the odor offsnslvenesi, The
odor strength for fresh manure by liquid dilution is
a dilution of the order 1000, This value can in-
crease to as high as 35,000 depending on condi-
tion!. Odor strength measurements by vapor dilu-
tion are only valuable for comparison purposes,
since odor production flow rates are unknown
values. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0634 - A6.C3
ANALYSES OF GASES ENCOUNTERED IN A
COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food
Science.
W. E. Burnett,
In: Odon, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High
Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re-
late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York
Sute Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resource*,
Ithaca, New York, p 40-46, April 15,1969.1 tab,
30ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, "Poultry. Ammonia,
Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Organic com-
pounds. Odor, Air pollution, Sufur dioxide, Hu-
midity, Temperature, * Air pollution.
Identifier!: Chemical detection.
Little is known about the concentration pf gases in
poultry houses. Past research has centered mainly
on the ammonia and carbon dioxide level* in
poultry confinement housing. Ammonia concen-
trations as high a* 100 ppm have been found hi
tome commercial poultry houses under the condi-
tions of reduced ventilation and reuse of litter.
Some facton which are believed to affect the con-
centration of gases in poultry buildings are tem-
perature, humidity, ventilation, bird population
and the manure management syitem, as well at
frequency of waste removal. A number of existing
techniquei for the measurement of industrial air
pollution are applicable to the analysis of gates en-
countered in commercial poultry houses. The wet
chemical (absorption) method of gas detection was
used to determine the concentrations of aliphatic
aldehydes, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and
ammonia in a commercial poultry house with fluid
waste handling. The average gas concentrations in
ppm were 0.032.6.98,0.0036, and 1.13 for aliphatic
aldehydes, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and
ammonia respectively. None of the gas concentra-
tion! were above the maximum allowable concen-
tration (MAC) for humans, but the level of H2S
was well above itt odor threthold of 0.13 ppm. As
the concentrations of gases showed considerable
variation from sampling to sampling, more work is
needed to correlate gas concentrations with such
f acton at temperature, ventilation rate and
manure management system.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0635 - AS, A6, C3
CASES AND ODORS FROM UNDILUTED AND
DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
D. C. Ludington. A. T. Sobel, and A. O.
Hashimoto.
In: Odon, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High
Density Poultry Management Systems as They Rw-
late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York
State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources,
Ithaca, New York, p 47-«4, April 15,1969.10 fig, S
ref.
Detcripton: Farm watte*, Poultry, Odor, Carbon
dioxide. Methane, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide,
Waste dilution, 'Air pollution.
Identifier!: Odor strength.
The odon and gases produced by and released
from chicken manure stored and handled in the un-
diluted and diluted state have been observed to be
considerably different. This difference was most
obvious when the stored manure was being moved
or agitated. More csset of air pollution attributed
to egg producing poultry farms have been reported
lince the diluted system of storage and handling
was put into practice. The release of some of the
gates and odon from stored chicken manure
under the undiluted and diluted state was in-
vestigated. Significant differences occurred
between the odor and gas production and release
by undiluted and diluted chicken manure. Carbon
dioxide release from the undiluted manure was
slightly greater than the release from diluted
manure. The difference may not be significant
The undiluted system released significantly
greater quantities of NH3 than the diluted syitem.
Chicken manure stored in a diluted state produced
significantly more H2S and NH3 than manure
stored in an undiluted state. The release of H2S
from the diluted system wat about twice that
released from the undiluted manure. Both release!
were well below threshold. The odor released from
the diluted manure, while the manure was
quiescent, was in general, more obnoxious than
that from the undiluted manure. When the manure
was agitated at the end of the tests, the difference
wat much more pronounced. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0636 - AS, A6, C3
PARTICULATB MATTER,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food
Science.
W.E. Burnett
In: Odon, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High
Density Poultry Management Systems as they Re-
late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York
State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources,
Ithaca, New York, p 65-70. April 15, 1969.1 tab,
10 ref.
Descripton: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Poultry, Gas
chromatography, Circulation, • Air pollution,
Identifiers: Odor panel, 'Paniculate matter, Filter
pads, Poultry dust.
Modern -commercial high density poultry houses
contain high concentration* of airborne paniculate
matter. Concentration* as high as 1.16 mg per
cubic foot of air have been reported. Regarding
quantities of particulate* produced, amounts at
high a* 1 Ib/day/1000 bird* have been reported.
The particulate matter consists of fecal matter,
feed, feathers, and epidermal fragment*, litter,
and dust brought into the poultry house by the
ventilation system. Particulate matter collected by
high volume samplings of a commercial poultry
house atmosphere revealed that the paniculate*
carried a 'chicken houte* odor, Oat chromato-
graphic analyses of the volatiles carried by the par-
ticulatet revealed the presence of individually
odoriferous compounds. Large quantities of par-
275
-------
ticulate matter are probably expelled from poultry
houses by ventilation fans. Whether paniculate
matter plays a significant role in ambient odors
from poultry houses should be investigated further
since the particulates represent a retentive source
of odors. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0637 - A5, C3, D2
SOIL FILTRATION TO REMOVE ODORS,
Cornell Univ.. Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food
Science.
W. E. Burnett, and N. C. Dondero.
In: Odors, Gases and Paniculate Matter from High
Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re-
late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York
State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources,
Ithaca, New York, p 7146, April 15.1969.3 fig. 8
tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, Organic com-
pounds, Poultry, Soil, Ammonia, Hydrogen sul-
fide, Filtration, 'Waste treatment, * Air pollution.
Identifiers: 'Soil filtration. Sou* columns. Liquid
dilution method. Odor panel, 'Odor control.
Modern, high-density poultry operations in which
there are accumulations of manure cause
nuisances in populated areas because of the foul
odors discharged to the atmosphere by forced ven-
tilation. The feasibility of removing poultry odors
from ventilation air by soil filtration was in-
vestigated. The soil column effectively removed
manure odors. Odors were removed by only 6
inches of soil under the conditions of test. The
ability of the soO to remove ammonia decreased
markedly as the soil dried. Soil columns remove
ammonia as long as the soil remains moist. Am-
monia breaks through those columns when dry.
The manured sofl removed more ammonia than the
untreated soil. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0638 - AS, Bl, Dl, D3, El
ODOR CONTROLS BY CHEMICAL TREAT'
MENT,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food
Sciences.
W. E. Burnett, and B. Gomel.
In: Odors, Gases and Particulate Matter from High
Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re-
late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York
State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources,
Ithaca, New York, p 87-97, April 15, 1969.5 fig, 1
tab. 12 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Odor, Poultry, Am-
monia, Hydrogen siutide, Carbon dioxide, "Waste
treatment, *Air pollution.
Identifiers: 'Chemical treatment, Mechanical con-
trol, "Odor control.
The various methods of odor control include
elimination by mechanical, physical, or chemical
means, and modification, usually by chemical
means. Chemical means was reviewed in an at-
tempt to eliminate or modify poultry manure
odors. The emphasis is on abatement of odor from
liquid management systems. Offensive manure
odors can be effectively masked by the use of an
effective masking agent dispersed in Mosquito
Larvae Oil in liquid poultry manure pits. Mosquito
Larvae Ofl appears to do an effective job in
dispersing the masking agent over the surface of
th<» ijqujd manure* Applications of S ml and 10 ml
of maldng agent to the tanks of liquid manure were
considered to be impractical because of the rela-
tively short time these additions were effective in
m..iring the odors, especially after the proportion
of manure solid* increased in the water.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0639 - A4, B2, C5. E2
USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POL-
LUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT
ENTERING GROUND WATER SYSTEM,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
C. E. Beer, and J. K. Koelliker.
Iowa State Water Resources
Research Institute, Ames, Completion Report ISW-
RRI-41, August, 1971. 32 p, 4 fig, 2 tab, 23 ref.
OWRRA-021-IAO).
Descriptors: 'Irrigation efficiency, 'Denitrifica-
tion, 'Nitrogen, 'Farm wastes. Chemical oxygen
demand, 'Nitrates, Ammonia, * Lagoons, Waste
treatment, 'Waste disposal. Anaerobic conditions,
•Waste water treatment, Application, 'Effluents,
Iowa, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical ox-
ygen demand, 'Phosphorous, Organic matter, 'Fil-
tration, Infiltration, 'Soil profiles. Sprinkling.
Identifiers: 'Soil filtration.
Swine lagoon effluent was applied to soil for final
treatment. The active soil profile appears to offer
great potential as a final treatment media for partly
treated animal wastes and cattle feedlot runoff. Ef-
fluent sprinkled on a grass-covered soil profile
reduced COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus concen-
trations 79-95, 40-80, 95-99 percent, respectively
over a 3-year period. Loadings ranged from 13.9 to
48.1 in. of lagoon effluent per May-October
season. Removal of COD was attributed to biologi-
cal activity and physical filtration in the upper
inches of the soil. Phosphorus reduction resulted
from chemical activity of the clay fraction near the
soil surface. Nitrogen reduction was attributed
primarily to denitrification deeper in the soil
profile. The organic matter in the soil served as the
carbon source for denitrification rather than the
lagoon effluent. Organic matter content of the
lower region of the soil profile was reduced and
nitrogen removal by denitrification decreased. For
disposal fields that are operated primarily for BOD
removal, about 24 in. per year can be applied in
most areas of Iowa. In areas where nitrate concen-
tration in the percolate is of concern, applications
should be limited to 600 Ib/acre of nitrogen per
season.
0640 - A2, A4, F2, F3
HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE,
North Dakota State Univ.. Fargo. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering and Animal Science.
G. L. Pratt. D. W. Johnson, and M. L. Buchanan.
North Dakota Farm Research, North Dakota State
University Reports on Environmental Quality, Vol
4. No 28, p 22-24. March-April. 1971.1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Treatment. 'Water
quality control. Oxidation lagoons, Aeration,
Disposal, Drying, Farm lagoons. Filtration, De-
watering, Separation techniques. Waste storage.
Confinement pens, Settling basins. Runoff.
Identifiers: 'Groundwater pollution, Feedlots,
SUtted floors.
Congress has been developing legislation since
1948 to prevent water pollution. The Federal
Water Quality Act of 1965 was the culmination of
this development. The act provided that states
could set water quality standards and administer
them. In 1967 the North Dakota legislature
adopted a comprehensive water pollution control
act These acts have necessitated research on
managing and disposing of livestock wastes. The
major phases of manure handling are collection,
storage, treatment, and disposal. Various methods
.of collection1, storage, treatment, and disposal an
listed with then- relative advantages and disad-
vantages. However, spreading on cropland has
been the standard method to dispose of livestock
manure for a long time. Research to date indicated
that it is still the most practical method for
preventing pollution. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0641 - A3, C4
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE
RED RIVER - SUMMER, 1970,
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept. of Bac-
teriology.
M. C. Bromel.
North Dakota Farm Research, North Dakota
University Reports on Environmental Quality Vol
4, No 28, p 60-61. March-April, 1971.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Conforms,
•Waste dilution, North Dakota, Cultures, Oxygen
demand, Treatment facilities, Salmonella, Clos-
tridium, ShigeUa, Fishkill.
Identifiers: 'Red River, Bacteriological analyses,
Coliform count.
Numerous surveys by state and federal agencies
from 1935-1969 indicate that the Red River has
become progressively more polluted as the mu-
nicipal and industrial population along its banks in-
crease. During the summer of 1970, from June 8
through July 28 an intensive biological and bac-
teriological survey of the Red River was un-
dertaken. Surface and bottom water samples were
collected from a boat with a Van Dorn water sam-
pler. Biological and chemical analysis on each
sample included the following determinations: dis-
solved oxygen, pollution, number of animals sen-
sitive to pollution, and total suspended solids. The
bacterial counts, especially the coliform counts,
were far over the 5,000/100 ml allowable by North
Dakota and Minnesota standards for potable or
recreational water. There was consistently present
a high concentration of bacteria in the Red River at
the Fargo intake averaging 500,000 bacteria per
milliliter of water. The dissolved oxygen level at
several sites was below the two-state standard (5
ppm) minimum. The presence of ShigeUa dysen-
teriae in the Wild Rice River when the coliform
count was very low (500/ml) is remarkable since
this form of ShigeUa is very rarely found in the
U.S. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0642 - F4
AGRICULTURAL WASTES: PRINCIPLES AND
GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS.
New York State Coll. of Agriculture, Ithaca.
Cornell University Conference on Agricultural
Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971
Syracuse, New York. 172 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Water quality control,
Pesticides. Eutrophication, Liquid waste, Surface
runoff, Dehydration, "Waste water treatment, Ox-
idation lagoons, Incineration.
Identifiers: Composting, Land spreading.
The purpose of this 1971 Conference was to take
the knowledge obtained from research and field
experience and convert this knowledge into infor-
mation which can be used to solve the problems in
agricultural waste management. Another benefit
of this proceedings may be. to point out areas
where the information is weak or missing. This
could be helpful in planning more appropriate
research in the future. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0643 - A3, F3
AGRICULTURES RESPONSIBILITIES IN A
CLEAN ENVIRONMENT,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conser-
vation, "Albany.
R.W.Pederson.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12.1971. Syracuse, New York, p 1-5.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollution abatement,
'Pesticides, 'Water law ecosystems, Contami-
nants, Water quality control.
Agriculture's responsibilities in the all-out effon
to achieve and maintain a clean environment are to
recognize and understand its relationahips to other
276
-------
facets of the economy, to seek still greater
knowledge on the 'hows' of waste management,
and to apply the principles and guidelines that lead
to practical solutions. Agriculture is an interlocked
part of our society and culture, and our environ-
mental problems are becoming more severe very
rapidly. The new New York Department of En-
vironmental Conservation has set goals of achiev-
ing greater effectiveness in correcting yesterday's
costly mistakes, and of preventing the future
degradation of our environment. Effective steps in
pollution prevention mean a substantial commit-
ment of manpower and financial resources, in-
dividual and corporate investments that aren't im-
mediately profitable, new attitudes, and environ-
mental conscience, and more government con-
trols. The Department of Environmental Conser-
vation's activities can affect land use by pesticide
controls, by water supply and sewage controls for
new subdivisions, controls over stream alteration,
and controls over industrial plant location through
permit issuance for water discharges and licensing
of new air emissions. The total ecological system
is very delicately interwoven and such things as
the domino effect of DDT poisoning can be a very
real threat to our ecology. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0644 - A3, F3
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND PRODUC-
TfvrrY
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Water Quality Office,
J. D. Denit.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 6-
11,2 tab, 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water quality con-
trol, 'Surface runoff. Lagoons, Eutrophicalion,
Water pollution sources, Water law.
World needs demand expansion of the already im-
mense American livestock industry. The problem
which now confronts the industry is the adverse
impact of production wastts on the environment,
particularly water quality. Due to the fragmented
nature of earlier studies, a definite pattern of
animal waste pollution has emerged only in the last
two years. Fish kills from feedlot-runoff in Kansas
in 1964 was an indicator of the twenty-four kills in
twelve states in 1969. The combination of produc-
tion oriented and traditional zero-cost, waste
management philosophies is now leading to severe
pollution problems. Anaerobic lagoons are
designed on raw waste strength instead of runoff
quality. Farmers have not been informed of state
Water Quality Standards or their responsibility in
meeting them. Even though organic waste loads
from lagoons are higher than raw domestic wastes,
the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are
of greater significance, because no industry is
more dependent upon a pure water supply than
agriculture. In conserving water quality, the
agricultural operator is engaging in notable self-
service and making an investment in survival.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0645 - A3, A7, F4
PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FU-
TURE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Entomology.
D. Pimentel.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
Kebruary 10-12, 1971, Syracuse. New York, p 12-
14,1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pesticides, 'Agricul-
tural chemicals, 'Pest control, Ecosystems, Water
quality control. Regulation.
One billion pounds of pesticides were applied in
the U.S. during 1970. Seventy percent was for
farm use and the remaining for public and govern-
mental use. Ninety-nine percent of the 200,000
species of plants and animals were non-target spe-
cies, but many of these were affected. The En-
vironmental Protection Agency has taken over the
responsibility of pesticide regulation from the
Dept. of Agriculture, In 1965, the overall return for
every dollar invested in insect control with pesti-
cides was 4 to 5 dollars, while the return per dollar
invested in bioenvironmental control was 30 dol-
lars. Development research in bioenvironmental
control is slow, tedious, and costly. Prescription
use of pesticides could have the advantages of ex-
pert advice, rapid distribution of new information
from government agencies, more accurate control
of the amounts used, and the establishment of a
precautionary public attitude. Some pesticides
would be banned and some applied only by state-
licensed custom sprayers. Aware of the insidious
destruction by pollution, the aim would be to keep
the advantage of technology, but reduce the as-
sociated environmental hazards.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0646 - A3, C3
FARM LAND RUNOFF,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Natural
Resources.
R.T.Oglesby.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 13-
19, Href.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Runoff, 'Nitrogen
compounds, 'Phosphorus compounds. Fertilizers,
Water quality, Eutrophication, Soil erosion, Water
pollution sources.
Agricultural wastes and many materials in agricul-
tural usage are translocated to Aquatic systems
where some of them cause significant problems.
Nitrogen, applied as fertilizer or from manures,
leaks, from agricultural activities in quantities suf-
ficient to promote nuisance algal growth in receiv-
ing waters where this element is a limiting factor,
and many, through accumulation in groundwaters,
constitute a health hazard as well. Large quantities
of phosphorous are lost in runoff, primarily
through erosion of soil-phosphorus, particles. The
significance of this form of phosphorus in stimu-
lating algal growth is nor fully understood but ii
probably not high. Organically bound phosphorus.
such as that occurring in animal wastes, may add
significant, amount* of this element in a form
available to plants. (Schmitt-IowaState)
0647 - C5, F5
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE FOOD
PROCESSING INDUSTRY,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Agricultural Experi-
ment Station.
D. L. Downing.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12,1971. p 20-24,6 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm > wastes, "Water pollution
sources, 'Liquid wastes, Waste water disposal.
Industrial wastes, Air pollution.
The food processing industry ranks fifth in the
U.S. in the volume of liquid wastes generated,
producing about 700 billion gallons annually. This
waste contains a high amount of suspended solids
of which only part is settleable; therefore, the na-
tional food industry ranks first in the amount of
suspended solids released to the environment. The
BOD5 of food-plant effluent it normally several
thousand ppm compared with a few hundred for
typical municipal sewage. The pH of food
processing wastes range from below 5.0 for
sulphur dioxide bleaching processes to about 12.0
for lye peeling of vegetables. Pigments in cannery
wastes are very difficult to degrade, often persist-
ing after passing through a municipal treatment
plant. Olive, pickle and sauerkraut brine range up
to 15% in sodium chloride content. Unlike some
industries where waste products can be utilized,
most solid wastes from canneries have to be
hauled to land-fill type operations. Transmission
of plant pathogens is a major reason wastes are not
normally spread on the cropland. Adding to the
waste problem is the fact that the food industry
uses about 50% of all package utilization. Air pol-
lution and noise pollution are still other problems it
will take much ingenuity to solve.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0648 - A3, Bl, F5
FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE
NUTRIENT LOSS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agronomy.
D. J. Lathwell, W. S. Reid, and D. R. Bouldin.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management.
February 10-12, Syracuse, New York, p 25-35, 6
fig, 2 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Fertilization,
"Nutrient requirements, Water pollution sources.
Crop response, Rates of application, Soil erosion.
Water is the transport agent for nutrients, organic
matter, and sediments from agricultural land. The
major now of runoff occurs in the spring when ac-
cumulated snow and ice melt. Experimental data
demonstrate that the major quantity of nutrient
loss occurs.during the spring runoff penod. The
major form of inorganic nitrogen in the soil is
usually nitrate, even if ammonium fertilizers are
added becuase of the universal occurrence in soil
of microorganisms which convert ammonium to
nitrate. The nitrate ion is completely dissolved in
the toil solution and moves wherever the soil
water moves. The nitrate may be leached into the
groundwater, into tile drains or into surface ru-
noff. To avoid these losses, moderate amounts of
fertilizer nitrogen should be added just before the
crop begins its period of minimum growth. It the
fertilizer is added too soon, some or most of it may
be carried off before the plant can take up the
nitrogen. Phosphorus fertilizer reacts rapidly with
the soil to form relatively insoluble products. The
major source of phosphorus loss from agricultural
land is associated with sediment loss. Therefore,
control of erosion is essential if phosphorus is to
be kept on agricultural land. All of the control
measures outlined above are economically feasi-
ble. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0649 - A3, Bl, E2
LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION
TO WATER QUALITY,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Soil Science.
S, D. Klausner, P. J. Zwerman. and T. W. Scott.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971. Syracuse, New York, p 36-
46,8 tab. 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Surface runoff,
"Fertilization, Soil erosion. Water pollution,
Eutrophication, "Waste disposal, Waste water
treatment, 'Nutrients.
Disposal on land is the most practical final place-
ment for farm manure, as it is a source of pUnt
nutruent and organic matter. Nitrogen in manure is
very mobile in a soluble form. Phosphorus
becomes 'fixed' and is removed largely by the
277
-------
physical removal of soil, organic matter, or
manure by surface erosion. Vegetation acting as a
sink for incoming nutrients as well as a control of
erosion are necessary for control of nutrient
removal. Incorporating the manure with the soil
shortly after spreading is an important considera-
tion as immobilization of nutrients increases and
odor and fly problems decrease. Winter spreading
causes numerous problems. Frozen soil is impervi-
ous to water and subject to runoff during thaws.
Spring applications of manure can pose a threat to
water quality if improperly managed. Late in the
spring, surface and subsurface flows of water are
no longer at maximum levels, thus decreasing the
pollution potential. Concrete evidence as to the
maximum rates of manure that can be applied
without causing a polltuion hazard under most soil
and weather conditions is non-existent. Continuing
research hopefully can answer unsolved problems
of economic means of handling animal wastes.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0650 - Bl
GUIDELINES FOR MINIMIZING PESTICIDE
POLLUTION,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Chemical-Pesticide
Program.
R. F. Pendleton, and 3. E. Dewey.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 47-
51.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Pesticides, 'Pesticide
drift, Pesticide toxicity, Water quality control,
Phytoloxicity.
The worst aspects of pesticides are usually the
most newsworthy. In order to retain the necessary
use of pesticides it is imperative to use all possible
means to minimize or prevent their becoming pol-
lutants. Pesticides when properly used are tools.
When they move off target or are otherwise mis-
used they become pollutants. They become par-
ticularly important as pollutants when they move
into water and cause either immediate toxicity to
organisms present, or, more seriously, are of a
persistent and accumulative nature and move into
the food chain. Many factors contribute to pesti-
cide drift; some physical, some climatic. The
smaller the droplet and the greater the wind, the
greater the drift. The choice of pesticides in-
fluence drift damage from toxicity, phytotoxicity,
illegal residues, and volatilization. Choosing the
right machinery for a particular job is most impor-
tant. In most cases a short-lived, biologically
degradable, non-cumulative compound may be
substituted for an environmentally dangerous
compound. Poor operational procedures and mis-
uses are probably the greatest contribution to
pesticide pollution, which can be greatly reduced
• through education programs involving pesticide
applicator safety and known principles of conser-
vation. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0651 - Bl
ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Poultry
Science.
C. E. Ostrander.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 52-
53.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration, 'Waste
water treatment, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic
digestion. Domestic wastes.
The poultry industry in England, Scotland, and
Holland is quite different from that in the United
States. There are many smaller operations in the
1,000 to 5,000 bird range, they have less
mechanization, and they look at quality dif-
ferently. However, one of the world's largest
poultry operations is located near Nottingham,
England and produces 60,000,000 broilers a year in
addition to maintaining 3,500,000 laying hens.
There is much interest in the United Kingdom in
dehydration of manure. This is probably due to the
fact that they can include dehydrated poultry
manure in commercial feed formulations. The
United Kingdom is very concerned about water
pollution as they depend on rivers for water supply
and do not want polluted effluent dumped into
them. Holland appeared to be putting fairly potent
effluent into drainage ditches. They have tried
natural lagoons, but low temperatures and lack of
sunshine prevented proper operation. Some are
converting to aerated lagoons. Other methods
being tried include the Floe-tower system, cen-
trifuging, anaerobic digesting, and aeration in ox-
idation ditches. They are concentrating livestock,
and waste problems are becoming more acute.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0652 - D4
LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT I. FUNDAMEN-
TALS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R.C. Loehr.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solution, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 54-
62,1 fig, 1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment,
•Anaerobic digestion. Pollution abatement,
'Waste water treatment.
Controlled and uncontrolled biological systems are
the major systems used to treat organic wastes.
The systems can treat liquid or solid wastes, can
be aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative, and can be
within controlled structures or unconfined on the
land. In biological systems microorganisms utilize
the biodegradable wastes for food. Synthesis or
'growth is affected by the ability of the microorgan-
isms to metabolize the wastes, the temperature
and pH of the system, and the presence of
adequate nutrients, trace elements, and toxic
materials. It is not possible to have a system in
which there is no net accumulation of solids with
time due to nonbiodegradable material. Bacteria
are the most important group of microorganisms
followed by fungi, whin re non-photosynthetic
multicellular plants. Algae are photosynthetic au-
totrophs, utilizing sunlight and inorganic com-
pounds to synthesize cells. In aerobic treatment
carbon is oxidized to mkrobial protoplasm and
carbon dioxide, while in anaerobic systems some
carbon is reduced only to methane. For optimum
nitrification a dissolved oxygen concentration of
about 2 mg/l is necessary. In general, microbial
reaction rates are doubled for every 10 deg C rise
in temperature of the waste system.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0653 - D4
LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT II. OXIDATION
PONDS AND AERATED LAGOONS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R. C. Loehr.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 63-
7l,3fig, 1 tab, 2ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoons,
•Farm lagoons, 'Aeration, 'Aerobic treatment.
Dissolved oxygen, 'Waste water treatment.
the simplest liquid waste treatment systems cur-
rently used. Bacteria and algae are the key organ-
isms in an oxidation pond, with the active bacterial
mass under 50 mg/l. In most oxidation ponds there
are ample algal nutrients in the influent carriage
water and resulting from bacterial metabolism to
produce excess, oxygen from algal growth.
Satisfactory performance depends on the balance
between the bacteria and the algae. Oxidation
ponds are organic matter generators, since alga]
cells are produced. Unless algal cells are removed
from the effluent of the pond prior to discharge,
little reduction in the ultimate waste load will have
occurred. Temperature affects the rate of metabol-
ism of microorganisms; thus, the rate at which the
pond can be loaded. Loading relationships should
be in terms of BOD5 per surface area per day, and
generally range from 20 to 50 pounds per acre per
day. An aerated lagoon differs from an oxidation
pond in that aerobic conditions are maintained by
mechanical means, with algae generally not
present. Dissolved oxygen should be maintained at
1-2 mg/l with the detention time from 1-10 days.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0654 - D4
LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT III. THE OX-
IDATION DITCH,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R. C. Loehr.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management
February 10-12, 1971. Syracuse. New York, p 72
2 fig, I tab, Iref. v '
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sewage treatment,
'Aerobic treatment, Oxygen demand. Stabiliza-
tion, Oxidation lagoons, 'Waste water treatment.
The oxidation ditch, or Pasveer ditch, is an aerobic
biological waste treatment system with a long
liquid detention time and adequate mixing. The
key components are a continuous open channel
and a surface aeration rotor, which mixes the ditch
contents and supplies oxygen. Untreated wastes
can be added directly to the ditch. The effluent
from agricultural wastes normally is not suitable
for discharge to surface waters, but is suitable for
land disposal. If sufficient oxygen is supplied,
odors are negligible. BOD5 reductions of 80-90%
can be obtained. Characteristics include low
capital cost, ease of operation, and minimum
maintenance. The total solids concentration can
range up to 4-6%. Because of long detention times,
the food to organism ratio is only from .03 to 0.1 Ib.
BOD per Ib. MLVSS (Mixed Liquor Volatile
Suspended Solids) per day. Velocities of 1.0 to 1.2
ft./iec. should be maintained to minimize settling.
The depth of liquid ranges from 15 to 30 inches
with rotor immersion one-fourth to one-third the
liquid depth. Livestock oxidation ditch effluent
must be kept in aerated holding units or disposed
of in a short time to avoid anaerobic conditions
and odors. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0655 - D4
ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREAT-
MENT SYSTEMS,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Environmen-
tal Engineering.
A. W. Lawrence.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agriculture Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse. New York, p 79-
92,6fii.3tab,18ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion,
•Methane bacteria, 'Waste water treatment,
'Farm lagoons, Pollution abatement.
Oxidation ponds and aerated lagoons are among The anaerobic process, one of the major biological
278
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wattewater treatment processes, is most effective-
ly applied in the treatment of concentrated wastes,
such as those from animal production exceeding
1% organic solids. The anaerobic process converts
organic matter to methane and carbon dioxide.
The methane can be vented to the atmosphere or
burned as a heat source. Microbiologically, the
anaerobic process is complex with many species
of microorganisms involved. However, the bac-
teria can be functionally divided into two groups,
acid formers and methane formers. The methane
producing bacteria are extremely sensitive to en-
vironmental change, A typical organic loading rate
for a completely mixed tank is .2 Ib. volatile solids
per day per cubic foot. Completely mixed systems
are quite expensive and require extensive operator
control, which makes them unattractive for
agricultural purposes. The lagoon is probably the
most widely used anaerobic process configuration
in agricultural waste treatment at this time. Attrac-
tions include low capital and operating costs and
minimal operating requirements. Anaerobic
processes can be designed by either the rational
approach which applies to completely mixed
systems or the empirical method which is used in
designing lagoons. (Schmitt- Iowa State)
0656 - A9, D3
CHLORINATION OF WASTEWATER EF-
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Environmen-
tal Engineering.
In- Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971. Syracuse, New York, p 93-
101.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disinfection,
•Chlorination, Water treatment. Public health,
Waste water treatment, Diseases.
Certain diseases caused by enteric pathogenic
microorganisms can be transmitted from infected
human and animal sources to susceptible human
copulations by water supply systems, Examples
include typhoid and cholera. Due to water supply
and recreational use of our riven, there is a trend
to require disinfection, or chlorination, of sewage
'and wastewater. Aqueous solutions of chlorine
can be prepared from either dissolution of gaseous
chlorine or the hypochloriie salts. Chlorine, as a
strong chemical oxidizing agent, inactivates the
key enzyme systems within the pathogenic
microorganism. The process of chlorination is
usually controlled by measurement of the chlorine
residuals and is called the orthotolidine test.
Pathogenic organisms are usually present in very
low numbers; therefore, indicator organism used
in wattewater is called the colif orm group, consist-
ina of bacteria of intestinal origin of warm-blooded
animals, the same origin as the pathogens.
Coliformi, however, have a longer survival time in
natural waters. Factor* affecting disinfection in-
clude temperature, contact time, concentration,
chlorine species present, pH, and type of organ-
ism Cost of chlorination is on the order of one
cent per thousand gallons of wastewater, with con-
trol of the process being straightforward and rela-
tively simple. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0657 - D2, D3, D4
SOLIDS DESTRUCTION OR SEVERE TREAT-
c'onieU Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
D C. Ludington.
In* Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12.1971. Syracuse, New York, p 102-
106.1 fig, 1 t«M ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste water treat-
ment, 'Incineration, 'Solid wastes, Pollution
abatement, Chemical degradation.
Identifiers: Wet-air oxidation process.
There are three basic processes which can be used
to destroy solid matter or convert solid matter into
liquids or gases. These three processes are (1)
biological, (2) chemical, and (3) thermal. A biologi-
cal process is one which utilizes bacteria to
decompose or break down solid matter. These
processes can only attack those solids which can
be biologically degraded. Biological processes can
be subdivided into two categories; aerobic which
require the presence of dissolved oxygen, and
anaerobic which takes place in the absnece of dis-
solved oxygen and produces offensive odors as
products of destruction. Total reduction for
biological destruction is 30-50%. Chemical
destruction of solids is a process which chemically
oxidizes the solid material in an aqueous solution
at high pressure and temperature and in the
presence of air but without a flame. The process,
also known as the wet air oxidation process,
operates at temperatures about 500 deg F and pres-
sures from 150 to 3000 psig and can effectively
convert all the volatile solids in solid material into
carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen. Thermal
destruction is the rapid oxidation at temperatures
1000 to 1400 deg F, near atmospheric pressure and
with a flame. Also known as incineration, this
process can convert all the volatile solids to gase-
ous products and heat. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0658 - D2
MOISTURE REMOVAL,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.T.Sobel.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 107-
114,7 fig, 1 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration, 'Dry-
ing, 'Absorption, Waste storage, Incineration,
Waste water treatment.
Removal of water from animal manures provides
many advantages for manure management
systems, including a reduction in offensive odor, a
reduction in weight and volume, and a change in
handling characteristics. The range of ideal
moisture content is 10-15%, since ammonia is
produced in the 75-15% range, and below 10%, the
manure becomes dusty. The possible means of
water removal are, <1) mechanical, (2) absorption,
and (3) thermal. Mechanical removal consists of
using pressure to force the water from manure.
Absorption is a functional method'of moisture
removal as long a sufficient absorption material
and air movement is provided. Thermal means of
moisture removal can be subdivided into dehydra-
tion and drying. Dehydration, the removal of
moisture at a temperature considerably greater
than ambient, must be accomplished in complex
equipment with the added cost of a fuel source.
Drying, the removal of water by evaporation at a
temperature slightly above ambient, is controlled
by, (1) environment, (2) configuration, and (3) air
movement. Thickness of manure should be 1/4
inch or less for drying with a maximum air flow of
800 fpm. Dehydration should be considered only if
there is a market available for the dehydrated
product, or if the cost is considered a treatment.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0659 - C5, D4
COMPOSTING,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick. N.J.
Dept. of Soils and Research.
S. /. Toth, and B. Gold,
In; Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 115-
120, 2 tab, 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Artificial use, 'Aero-
bic conditions, 'Humus, Thermophilic bacteria,
Carbon cycle, Decomposing organic matter.
Identifiers: 'Composting.
The production and use of artificial manures or
coposts for soil improvement practices is as old as
the art of agriculture. Composting can be defined
as the process involving the conversion of organic
residues into liqnoprotein complexes (humus) via
thermophilic organisms under optimum moisture
and aeration conditions. In the process, CO2 is
evolved and the temperature of the pile may reach
155 to 170 deg F. Air moisture, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium are necessary in-
gredients for composting. Unless sufficient
moisture is present the pile will dry out and
decomposition will cease. If too much moisture is
present or air is excluded, anaerobic conditions
are produced and obnoxious odors will result.
Microorganisms require nitrogen for their growth
so composts made from plant materials with less
than 2% total nitrogen will require the addition of
either organic or inorganic nitrogen. Small
amounts of additional phosphorus and potassium
may be needed, with 20 pounds of superphosphate
and 10 pounds of muriate of potash usually being
sufficient. Any materials containing cellulose can
be composted, the only exceptions being plastics
and resins with a closed ring structure. Charac-
teristics of ideal compost include dark color, inor-
ganic matter content of 80% or more, moisture
content between 10 and 20% total nitrogen from
2.5 to 3.5%, and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Due
mainly to low organic matter, garbage composting
in the United States has been largely unsuccessful.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0660 - E2, E3
UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES,
Agricultural Research Service, University Park,
Pa.
W. R. Heald, and R. C. Loehr.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University on
Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,
1971, Syracuse,New York.p 121-129,49ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. "Waste disposal,
•Water reuse. Fertilization, Artificial use, Waste
disposal.
Identifiers: Recycling.
Waste management can be thought of in three
categories: the prevention of, the recovery of, or
the disposal of wastes. Recovery, or recycling is
the return of wastes to its natural state, and along
with salvage, or utilization of wastes is potentially
the most efficient operation. The land will con-
tinue to be the ultimate disposal site for animal
wastes, and is considered a recycling process
when coupled with crop production. Benefits
other than nutrient value include increased infiltra-
tion capacity of the soil, and reduced soil erosion
resulting from better plant cover. Methods of
utilizing animal wastes are composting, energy or
methane production and ref ceding. Composting is
feasible but a market must be developed before
the process is financially attractive. In general, the
nutritive value derived from animal wastes incor-
porated in feed rations is greater if the wastes of
single stomached animals are added to the feed ra-
tion of ruminants and if the ruminant wastes are
treated chemically before being added to feed ra-
tions. Unknowns related to transmittal of drugs,
feed additives, and pesticides to the second animal
and to the agricultural product, such as eggs and
milk, remain to be classified. A variety of costs
must be developed before the value of utilization
and recycling can be determined.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
279
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0661 - A5, Bl, C3, D3, El
ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL,
Cornell Univ.. Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
D. C. Ludington.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 130-
136, Ifig, ltab,12ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Poultry, Ru-
noff, Water pollution, Air pollution, Air circula-
tion. Waste treatment.
Identifiers: "Odor control, Soil columns, Cages,
Plow-furrow-cover, Oxidation ditch. Chemical
treatment. Odor control costs.
The seriousness of odors produced from poultry
operations have increased .with changes to the
'modern' poultry house, Sources of odors around
a poultry operation includes: (a) ventilation air, (b)
loading areas and outside storage tanks, and (c) the
land after spreading. Controlling odors from these
sources can be accomplished to varying degrees
by different methods. The following list of odor
control methods is an attempt to put these
methods in perspective as to success of odor
removal. Ranking of odor control methods for the
various odor sources: (a) Ventilation air: (1)
adequately aerated liquefied manure, (2) moisture
removal (moisture content reduced to 30-40%
w.b.), (3) frequent (daily) cleaning, (4) chemical
treatment (if sufficient chemical is used, Ihis treat-
ment could be higher on the list); (b) Loading area
and outside storage tanks: (1) adequately aerated
liquefied manure, (2) moisture removal (30-40%)
(3) chemical treatment; (c) Land after spreading-
(1) adequately aerated liquefied manure, (2) plow-
furrow-cover or sub-surface injection, (3)
moisture removal, (4) frequent cleaning and
spreading (daily), (5) chemical treatment. The final
decision on an odor control method must be based
upon cost and the local situation. The local situa-
tion depends upon nearness of neighbors or degree
of odor control necessary. No matter how care-
fully the method is chosen, if good management
and good housekeeping are not followed, the
system will fail. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0662 - Bl, F4.
WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R7W. Guest.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 137-
141,2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Liquid wastes, Odor,
Waste storage, Storage capacity. Aerobic treat-
ment. Oxidation lagoons, Cattle, Poultry, Swine,
•Waste water treatment, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Semi-fluid material, Manure
spreaders.
Methods of handling agricultural manures are
changing. The reason-primarily because the
predominant form of the manure has changed.
Prior to ten years ago, more or less, straw or other
bedding was used which absorbed part of the
moisture in the manure. Not only has the form
changed, but also a drastic increase in the volume
of waste material to be handled in one location has
occurred. The conventional method of handling
manure is with the conventional manure spreader
(without modification), gutter cleaners, pit
scrapers and manure bucket loaders. To be suc-
cessful using the conventional method, dairy
manure and poultry manure must have dry matter
added, whereas swine manure can be spread
without added dry matter. Semi-fluid material is of
most interest because most of today's large opera-
lions use this method. The solution to handling
semi-fluid rests with three alternatives: (1) develop
equipment to handle it in this form. (2) change to
liquid by adding water, or (3) change the form to a
solid. The liquid handling is gaining popularity
because conventional mechanical pumping
methods may be used. The ease of storing liquids
is also an advantage for using this system. It ena-
bles an operator to store manure, thus reducing
labor. The treatment process must be considered,
however, in any of these systems to reduce odors
(Bundy-lowa State)
0663 - Bl, F2
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A
SYSTEM,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Poultry
Science.
R.J. Young.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management
February 10-12.1971, Syracuse, New York, p 142-
149.7 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water quality act
Landfijls, Farm lagoons, Incineration, Treatment,
Oxidation lagoons. Regulations, Fertilizers
Nutrients, 'Standards, 'Institutional constraints
Identifiers: 'Air quality standards. Land spread-
ing, Composting, Local regulations; State regula-
tions.
In analyzing the various methods for handling
animal wastes, each method must be considered
with the individual management application in
mind. It is also apparent that there are a number of
constraints and alternatives which must be taken
into consideration before a given system is
adopted. These constraints are the local, state and
federal regulations in regard to air and water quali-
ty standards, public health laws and environmental
protection regulations. The long-range con-
sequences of any action taken must be evaluated
so that the solution of one waste disposal problem
does not create another. High priority should be
given to the incorporation of animal wastes into a
cropping system to get the maximum uptake of
nutrients. If possible, recycling and reuse of
animal Wastes should be part of the management
system. The primary consideration is to be given
to source control. Examination of all of the feasi-
ble methods that meet the conditions of state and
federal regulations may show that the cost of
waste disposal for a particular product is far too
costly, and therefore a more economical
procedure may be a fhange in management prac-
tice which would prevent or significantly reduce
the amount of waste materials generated.
(Bundy-lowa State)
0664 - F3
ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL
COOPERATION,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept of Dairy Science.
J.W.Crowley.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 150-
156.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, Regulations, Waste
disposal, Cattle, Public health, Safety, Legal
aspects.
The idea of an advisory group can be illustrated by
experiences with advisory groups in other general
problems. In dairy production, the involvement of
various production groups, marketing groups, and
quality control agencies has a long history. There
have been occasions when one group formulated
ideas without due consideration of the needs or
responsibilities of the other group. Also, there
have been many questions or problems that
require immediate practical solutions but only
judgment or guesses are available. When this oc-
curs, the best judgment or guess results when all
groups involved discuss, debate, and finally com-
promise on the practical solution. The primary ob-
jective of the advisory committee is to develop
guidelines. These must be acceptable to all groups
that have enforcement responsibilities. The sug-
gestions in the guidelines must also be practical
and realistic; however, they cannot assure com-
pliance with regulations. The advisory committee
is essentially an Ad Hoc group; however, per-
manent structure is needed so that a representative
can request and get action for revision. The
guidelines are essentially an educational publica-
tion and should be continually up-dated as needs
arise. (Bundy-lowa State)
0665 - B2
R. Everingham.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
\;rence on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 157-
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Cattle, Confinement
pens. Soil disposal fields, Septic tanks, Odors
Liquid wastes, New York, Waste treatment.
Identifcers: 'Dairy wastes, Liquid-manure
spreader. Pit agitation, 'Syracuse (N.Y.).
^eW X°rk dairy farmer gives an account of his
100-cow free-stall hquid-manure-handling system
The system is located within a 15-minute drive to
downtown Syracuse, which makes him very aware
of the odor problems that a dairy operation might
cause. The liquid manure tank was designed on the
specifications of 1-1/2 cubic feet per animal per
day with enough capacity for two months. At the
time the pit was built, it was decided that a two-
month clean-out period would be sufficient but
after operating the system for awhile, it was recog-
nized that a four-month period would be better
This would eliminate having to spread the manure
during the summer months or the cold winter
months on frozen ground. Also, the specifications
of 1-1/2 cubic feet per animal per day should be in-
creased to 2. The equipment used to remove the
manure consists of an agitator pump and a 1400-
gallon liquid-manure spreader. In his operation
the spreading, especially in the summer, is the
most critical part of the operation. The operator at
this point feels the system is workable.
(Bundy-lowa State)
0666 - A2, Bl, F2
PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER
TREATMENT FACILITIES,
New York State Veterinary Coll., Eastport. Duck
Disease Research Lab.
K. J. Johanson.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solution, Cornel] University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 161-
166.3fig,3ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, Oxidation
lagoons. Settling basins, Waste water disposal,
•Waste treatment, Chlorine, Run-off, 'Treatment
facilities.
Identifiers: 'Pre-settling lagoon, Confined
buildings, 'Duck wastes.
The Long Island duck industry is presently com-
prised of 35 farms and processing plants, market-
ing approximately 7 million ducks a year. This
figure represents about 65% of the nation's ducks
with the majority going to New York restaurants
280
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and markets. A minimum of 6 gal. of water per
duck per day is necessary. Most farmers use
between 10 and 20 gal. of water per duck per day.
In the past, ducks were given free access to the
freshwater streams and rivers and their wastes
were carried out into the waterway, which caused
serious pollution. In order to curb this pollution,
the New York State Department of Health
required duck farmers to comply with a four-phase
program of water pollution abatement. The first
two phases of this program called for the removal
of ducks from open waters and providing facilities
that would remove settleable solids. The third
phase of the order called for the disinfection of the
waste effluent. The fourth phase called for
nutrient removal. Each farm involved in waste
treatment is issued an operating permit after the
system has been inspected and approved by the
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conser-
vation. The permit describes the approved facili-
ties and specifies what equipment is incorporated
into the system, such as the size* number and
capacity of aeration lagoons, settling lagoons,
chlorination tanks, pumps, and the number of
aerators to be utilized. These facilities cannot be
altered without prior approval of the New York
State Department of Environmental Conservation.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0667 - Dl, F5
FOOD PROCESSING WASTE WATER TREAT-
MENT.
Harnish and Lookup, Assoc., Newark, N.Y.
P. Russell.
In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines
for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con-
ference on Agricultural Waste Management,
February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 167-
172. 3 fig,2tab. Href.
Descriptors: 'Waste water treatment, Irrigation,
Lagoons, Activated sludge, Aeration, Water
management, New York.
Identifiers: "Food processing, Wastes, Spray ir-
rigation.
In the food processing sector of the agricultural in-
dustry, wastewater treatment and disposal is one
of the most significant problems facing today's
corporate management. In New York state alone,
over 100 food processing plants produce waste-
water equivalent to 5 million people. The problem
must be completely determined in order to provide
a proper wastewater management program. An in-
plant wastewater sampling program is essential to
determine wastewaler sources and characteristics.
A process flow schematic is also essential. To treat
the wastewater, preliminary treatment includes
screening, nutrient additions, pH control, and
equalization in many cases. In some cases, spray
irrigation is a very suitable means for wastewater
disposal from food processing operations. The im-
portant elements of a spray irrigation system are
adequate surface area and a soil which allows for
infiltration into the ground. In other instances
where a BOD removal efficiency up to 83% is
adequate, aerated lagoons have been employed
successfully in treating food processing waste-
waters. Methods including stabilization ponds,
filter, and chemical treatment are used when ad-
vanced treatment is necessary.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0668 - Cl, D4
PHOTOSYNTHETIC RECLAMATION OF
AGRICULTURAL SOLID AND LIQUID
WASTES-SECOND PROGRESS REPORT,
California Univ.. Berkeley. Sanitary Engineering
Sonton LJDugan, Clarence 0. Oolueke, William I.
Oswald, and Charles E.Rixford.
California University, Sanitary Engineering
Research Laboratory, Report No. 70-1, 165 p, 24
fig, 35 tab, 51 ref. US Public Health Service 5ROI
UI00566-03.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Waste water
treatment, Sedimentation, Oxidation lagoons.
Anaerobic digestion. Algae, Sludge, Methane, Or-
ganic loading. Hydrogen ion concentration. Tem-
perature, Centrifugation, Coagulation, Dewatering,
•Cost analysis.
Identifiers: Volatile solids, Grit.
A 36-week study was initiated to provide informa-
tion on the economics of treating animal wastes.
Chickens were chosen, mainly for convenience
take, as the waste producers to be studied, and
113-twenty week old leghorn pullets were placed in
cages. The treatment system used consisted of
inclined troughs under the cages which were
flushed with water from a flushing bucket, grit
removal, sedimentation, an oxidation lagoon for
the sedimentation tank supernatant, and an anaero-
bic digester for the solids. The systems approach
was used, and system balances were performed for
total solids, volatile solids, total unoxidized
nitrogen and energy for the chickens, sedimenta-
tion tank, digester, and algae. All balances were
performed from week 5 through week 36 except
for the digester, where operation was terminated at
week 24 and the solids dewatered, dried, and stu-
died for possible further reuse. An economic analy-
sis of an integrated system of 100,000 laying hens
revealed a cost of approximately 2 cents/dozen
eggs for a system based on the one tested. How-
ever, consideration of an extremely conservative
algae harvesting rate of 12 tons/acre/year at a price
of 3 cents/lb (dry weight) dropped the overall
waste handling outlay to approximately 1
cent/dozen. On this basis, additional studies were
recommended to aid in the implementation of
treatment facilities for animal wastes as soon as
possible. (Lowry-Texas)
0669 - A2, Bl
ANIMAL AND HUMAN METABOLIC WASTES.
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Council on Environmental
Quality.
Proceedings of First Allenon Conference,
December, 1970, Special publication no. 21, Col-
lege of Agriculture, Illinois University at Urbana-
Champaign, April, 1971, p 23-25.2 tab.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Water pollution,
•Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Sludge disposal,
Municipal wastes. Anaerobic digestion, Oxidation,
Fertilizers.
Identifiers: Pollution abatement, Population
equivalents.
Livestock needed to produce America's meat
supply also produce 2 billion tons of manure per
year. Undiluted livestock wastes are 100 times
more concentrated than municipal sewage. Pollu-
tants include plant nutrients, oxygen-demanding
components, infectious agents, color, and odor.
Aerobic bacteria thrive at Dissolved Oxygen levels
down to .3 ppm, but fish need about 4 ppm. Typical
BOD livestock population equivalents include
dairy cow - 12,200 pound hog — 2.5, and laying
hens — 0.10. The greatest potential for stream pol-
lution is feedlot runoff. Methods of abatement in-
clude diverting rainwater around lots, collecting ru-
noff in detention ponds, and putting roofs over lots.
Most odor nuisance can be avoided by incinerating,
composting, refeeding proteinaceoualsolids, or
anaerobically digesting. Farmland can be used to
dispose of digested sludge of municipal waste treat-
ment plants. Typical fertilizer contents of total
sludge (water and solids) are 5 per cent nitrogen, 3
per cent phosphorus, and .5 per cent potassium.
Land, not watercourses, should be the receptor of
livestock and municipal waste residues. (Schmitt-
lowa State)
0670 - Bl, Dl, El, F4
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and
Agricultural Engineering.
Raymond C. Lochr.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
43. No 4, p 668-678,2 fig, 2 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Treatment,
•Systems analysis. Runoff, Pollutant, Nutrients,
Aerobic treatment. Anaerobic digestion, Dentrifl-
cation, Nitrification, Effluents, Legal aspects.
Waste water treatment, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: Options, Land disposal, Oxidation
ditch, Pollutions! characteristics alternatives.
The various systems for treating wastes from en-
closed confined animal production operations are
discussed. There is no one process or waste
management system that will be adequate for all
animal production operations. Aeration systems
such as oxidation ditches are gaining acceptance
for waste handling and treatment. It is unlikely that
current liquid waste treatment systems for treating
concentrated animal waste water will produce ef-
fluents that can be discharged to surface water.
Land disposal is an integral part of feasible animal
waste treatment systems. (Christenbury-Iowa
State)
0671 - A5, C2, D2
REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL
MANURES, PART II: EFFECTS OF VELOCITY
ON AIR DRYING,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A.T.Sobel.
In: Agricultural Waste Management and As-
sociated Odor Control, Cornell University AWM
71-04, September 1,1971.10 p. 2 tab, 7 fig, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry. 'Drying,
Waste storage. Odor.
Identifiers: Air-drying manure.
Water can be removed from animal manures by
mechanical, thermal, and absorptive means. Ther-
3(removal was investigated by utilmnga Uun
layer of unheated air, and a very low or static air
velocity The equilibrium moisture content of
chSmalre i. comparable wit*, othe,^agricul-
tural hygroscopic materials. Effects of humidity
on drymS time are significant but *™gj>™™«
has an effect similar to a plus or minus 15% rela-
tive humidity change. Temperature, configuration
of manure, thickness, compaction, velocity of air,
and the biological state of the manure also affects
the drying rate. Exposure to drying on both sides
had an effect on 1/4 in. thick manure samples for
velocities less than 700 FPM, but the effect was in-
significant for 1/8 in. samples. Velocities greater
than 800 FPM did not appreciably reduce the dry-
ing time from that of the 800 FPM level. Drying
times for velocities 800 FPM or greater were ap-
proximately 1/3 that for 'static' conditions. The
time required to remove the last 0.9 percent of
water was approximately 8 hours at 'static' condi-
tions and 5 hours at the higher velocities.
(Schmitt-lowa State)
0672 - A6, C3
MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY GAS
CHROMOTOGRAPHY,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
D. L. Day.
In: Agricultural Waste Management and As-
sociated Odor Control, Cornell University, AWM
71-04, September 1,1971.6 p, 1 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Gas chromatog-
raphy, 'Ammonia, 'Carbon dioxide, Methane,
Mydrogen sulfide.
281
-------
Identifien: Varian Aerograph Model 200 Chro-
matograph, Porapak T, Porapak S, Porapak Q,
Porapak R, Carle T.C. detector.
A combination of gas chromatograph equipment
was sought to measure manure gases, specifically
ammonia. Previous work had used both thermal
conductivity and hydrogen flame detector! for
measuring methane, hydrogen tulfide, and carbon
dioxide. A setup using silica gel and molecular
sieve columns in series was considered undesira-
ble since the molecular sieve is suspected of per-
manently retaining C02. NH3. and H2O. Experi-
ments were conducted with a Varian Aerograph
Model 200 Chromatograph with T.C. detector with
a 1/8 in. X 8 ft. of 100-120 Porapak T column and a
Carle T.C. detector with 1/8 in. X 8 ft. of 50-80
mesh Porapak Q in series with 1/8 in. X 8 ft. of 50-
80 meih Porapak R. Ultimately it was found that
there was as much C02 in a cylinder marked at
123 pern NH3 and the balance N2 as in • CO2
cylinder marked as 0.49% C02. 20.8 O2, and
balance N2. This explained the identical elution
time for the NH3 and C02 cylinders. 123 ppm
NH3 was below the detection level for the gas
chromatograph setups. NH3 In the absence of CO2
was uiedln other tests. The thermal conductivity
and hydrogen flame detector chromatographs
were not very reliable for quantitative measure-
ment of ammonia in the 2,000 to 12,000 ppm con-
centration range; the threshold level appears to be
1* or higher. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0673 - AS, Cl
OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL
MANURE ODOR,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering,
A. T. Sobel.
In; Agricultural Waste Management and As-
sociated Odor Control. Cornell University, AWM
71-04, September 1,1971.21 p, 12 fig. 7 tab, 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Drying,
'Odor.
Identifiers: Air-drying manure.
I
The gat chromatograph can detect compounds to
10-12g of any material, but odorous compound*
below this level can be readily detected by the
human nose. Consequently, an odor panel waa
created and aaked to rate various manure samples
as to the presence of odor, and the offensivenesa
of the odor. A scale of 0-10 was used with zero
representing no odor and 10 representing a very
strong and offensive odor. Samples included
manure that was undiluted, diluted in various pro.
portions, and manure that waa dried to various
moisture contents. The use of • rating method
utilizing the human nose for odor evaluation pro-
vides valuable information for comparing manure
handling and treatment systems. Ratings for odor
presence and odor offensiveness are very similar.
Descriptive terms help in catagorizing odor*. Ol-
factory observation along with visual observation
produces a different rating in comparison with ol-
factory observation only. Visual observation may
introduce some bias. Since there is no right answer
to an olfactory test, the test must be set up and run
under conditions such that the results can be used
for comparison only. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
Attempts to mask, counteract, or oxidize odors
from manure have been largely unsuccessful. If
odors cannot be controlled once they have been
formed, an effort must be made to inhibit the
production of odors. To evaluate the success of ef-
forts to control odors a measuring device is
needed. A panel of humans rating odor presence
and offensiveness from 1 to 10 has been found the
best device for evaluation. Experiments were con-
ducted to check the influence of moisture removal
and manure removal on the odor offensivenesi of
the gases released from chicken manure. Remov-
ing moisture reduced the odor level. Diluted
manure always produced the highest offensive-
ness and undiluted manure the next highest. Daily
scraping which did not allow buildup of manure
was also a successful technique for controlling
odor. A manure management system which either
removes the manure from the building at least
daily without manure buildup or removes moisture
from the manure will cause a minimum amount of
air pollution. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0675 - D2
UNDER CAGE DRYING OF POULTRY
MANURE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering,
B. Oormel, A. T. Sobel, and D. C. Ludington.
In: Agricultural Waste Management and As-
sociated Odor Control, Cornell University, AWM
71-04, September 1,1971. Up, 7fig,7 tab.
0674 - AS, Bl, Cl
CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE
MANAGEMENT,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
D, C. Ludington, A. T. Sobel, and B. Oormel.
In: Agricultural Waste Management and As-
sociated Odor Control, Cornell University, AWM
71-04, September 1,1971.17p, 13 fig, 8 tab, 2 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Drying,
•Odor.
Identifiers: Air-drying manure.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Poultry. 'Drying,
Waste disposal, Odor.
Identifiers: Air-drying manure.
Various meana to achieve drying of poultry
droppings before they could mat together into a
solid mass were investigated. Fins made of dif-
ferent materials placed at various angles, screens,
and rotating pins were investigated, with air move-
ment at 3 to 4 cf m per bird. The moisture content
of manure from caged layers was reduced to 30%
by use of metal fins below the cages. Fins at more
than 45 deg. angles caught a low percentage of the
manure and thus, had small effect. Supplementary
fins at 30 deg. beneath the 45 deg. fins were not
(elf-emptying. Air circulation is of great im-
portance In fin drying of poultry manure. Vertical
fins will hold about 46% of the total manure when
the fins are placed 3/4 in. apart. Half-inch ex-
panded metal allowed too high a percentage of
freih droppings to pass into the pit to be a signifi-
cant benefit in the drying process. Routing pins
reduced the moisture content to about 50% but
something stronger than the 1/4 in. maple dowel 7
3/4 in. pins is needed. In these test*, drying took
place partially on the devices such as screens,
metal fins or spindles with significant additional
drying of the crumbled manure occurring in the
chamber pits because the devices prevented the
formation of a solid mass of droppings in the pit.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0676 - A4, C3, C4, CS
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL STUDIES OF
WASTES FROM BKEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Agricultural Research Service. Lincoln, Nebr. Soil
and Water Conservation Research Dlv.
T. M. McCalla, and F. O. Viett, Jr.
Proceedings: Pollution Research Symposium, May
23.1969. Typescript, 24 p. 14 tab, 77 re?
Descriptor*: 'Microorganisms, Chemical proper-
ties, Cattle, Farm wastes, Odor, Runoff, Confine-
ment pens,
Identifiers: Great Plains, Nebraska, Feedlot.
roughage ration and quickly shifted to a high-con-
centrate one. A high-concentrate ration has about
75% to 85% digestible material and 5% to 7%
minerals, resulting in 4 to 5 Ibs. of feces per animal
per day. Pollution of groundwater beneath beef
cattle feedlots appears to be determined by a
number of factors; namely, stocking rate, manure
removal, depth of water table, and soil texture and
structure. Indication! are that low ttocking rates
and frequent manure removal contribute to nitrate
leaching into the water table. Also, feedlott in
which the groundwater it relatively close to the sur-
face are more apt to contain nitrate in excess of 10
ppm than are feedlott with a deeper water table.
Beef cattle feedlots established on coarse-textured,
•andy foils may permit more movement of pollu-
tants to the groundwater than those established on
fine-textured clay sold. (Dorland-lowa State)
0677 — Al. Bl, Dl, El, Fl
THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF
THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEED-
ING INDUSTRY
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City. Ml*.
aouri.
The Pollution Potential of the Confined Livestock
Feeding Induatry. Final Report, Midwest Re-
search Institute, 429 Volker Bolevard, Kansas
City, MUwouri, November, 1971. pp. 1-224.
Descriptor*: 'Farm Waite*. Biochemical Oxygen
Demand. Cattle. Feedloti. Wa*te Treatment, Eco-
nomic, Runoff. Aerobic Treatment, Sheep, Swine.
Poultry.
Identifiers; Manure Handling Techniques.
The confined livestock feeding industry ha* been
studied In depth. Typical feedlot operation* have
been examined, livestock waste* have been char-
caterised, and waste management technique* and
treatment procenea have been evaluated. Animal
wait** are highly concentrated. Conventional
treatment proceises can be applied to these
waite*. but will not produce effluents suitable'
for atream discharge. Such treatment, therefore,
1* seldom feasible and rarely necessary if good
management practice* are followed. Animal
waste management I* aimed at returning the
waste* to the land, with essentially no effluent
reaching natural waterway*. Appropriate man-
agement practice* Include: 1) minimizing the
quantity of runoff by diversion of all water out-
ride the feedlot; 2) Controlling runoff emanating
from indde the feedlot; 3) detaining liquid run-
off fro mthe feedlot In pond* or lagoon*; 4) re-
turning the detained liquids to the land* a* re-
quired to prevent detention pond overflow; and
5) periodically removing mild waitet from feed-
lot* for ultimate diipoial on land. Such practice*
will be compatible with the Industry** economic
structure, acceptable to the InduatrV* manage-
ment, and effective in eliminating known pollu-
tion hazard*. Audlttonal research I* needed to
tnmire that tie synthetic chemical* used la lire-
stock feeding operation* are not harmful when
returned to the environment. (Bundy-ISU)
Chemical and microbial characteristics of beef cat-
tle waste are discussed along with some of the
possible microbial and chemical transformations
that reduce the disposal problem. The cattle
feedlot waste depends on the ration feed.
Generally, cattle In feedlots are started on a high-
0678 - F4
THE FUTURE OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
James A. Moore, and Donald B. Brooker.
Agricultural Engineering. Vol 51, No 7, p 414,417.
July 1970.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Water treatment,
•Water pollution control, 'Long term planning-,
Manure, Odor, Agricultural engineering.
Predicts the future development of livestock waste
management schemes. It includes a discussion of
future water quality requirements as well as the
necessity for odor control. The need for
mechanization as well as increased energy con-
sumption are discussed. (Miner-Iowa State)
282
-------
0679 - A3, C3
NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE
WATER IMPOUNDMENTS, .„.,..
San Diego State Coll., Calif. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering.
Frank E. Stratton.
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering DlvUion,
Proceedingi of the American Society of Civil En-
gineer*, Vol 95, No SA2, p 223-231,1969. 5 fig, I
tab, 3 ref.
Deicrlpton: 'Alkaline water. 'Nitrification,
•Nitrogen, Impoundments, Ammonia, AnilyiU,
Analytical technique!, Hydrogen ion concentra-
tion, Temperature, Wlndi, Effluent*. Lakes, Sur-
face waten, California.
Identifier*: Elfin Foieit Like (Calif), Oateoui am-
monia nitrogen, Degailflcatlon.
A method of eitlmattng the Ion of gaieoui am-
monia from alkaline water* coniliti of analyib of
(ample* from outdoor impounded water lubtoct to
mixing by wind, Another method involve* the we
of a floating cell and acid trap to determine am-
monia liberated from an impoundment. The field
teiu were conducted from June to September in
two imall California eutrophlc Impoundment*:
Elfin Foreit Lake with pH 9.5-9.8, and a pH 9.1 ef-
fluent pond at the Santee Water Reclamation. The
meuured rate of lou of ammonia nitrogen for the
Elfin Forest Lake wai 3.3 milligram! per iquare
foot/day, whereat that for the Santee pond, 9,1 mil-
ligram* per iquare foot/day. The determined valuei
eonitituted 14% and 22% of the predicted value*
for thete bailm, reipectively. (Wilde-Whconiin)
0680 - Bl, F3, F4
ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY AND DISTRIBU-
TIONOIANlMALWAm,
California Univ., Davit.
w 1 Clawton
Journal of Animal Science. Vol. 32, No. 4. April
1971.p«l«-«20,lttb,9ref.
Deicripton: 'Farm wa*te», Economic*,
Cropland. California. Waite management, •W««e
ditpoul. *Wa*te treatment. 'Feed lou.
No one method wfll latUfy the need for suitable
watte management la animal agriculture. Two
batic pathwYy. teem to be available for diapoial
of animal watte. The tint it utilization of all or
out* of the animal watte where a coil it incurred
and a value for the product («) it returned. The al-
ternative may be outright detinicuon or degrada-
tion of animal watte where a coat it incurred and
no return it evident. Acknowledgment mutt be
made of the fict that agriculture will be forced to
•too pollution and that the additional cott of thit
type of wtite management nay not be recovered
from wnte alone. Future research must help pro-
vide more methods of cleaning and transporting
animal wastes. Another approach is to study
methodi which wffl permit the effective growth
and fattening of animals la lee* confined anas
than is currently the case. By treating the removal
and distribution of animal waste* a* an expense to
the animal production industry, evaluation of
watte disposal methodi it Improved and a more in-
teOicent evaluation of alternative methodi may be
nude by the animal Industry. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0681 - C2, D4, E2
EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON
SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPER.
TIES OF SOILS,
Kama! State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agrono-
my, and Kantai State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
DavidO. Travii, W. L. Powert, L. S. Murphy, and
R. I. Upper.
Partially tupported by OWRR, Dept. of Interior.
Soil Science Society of America Proceeding*. Vol
33, No I. p 122-126. January-February 1971, 5 p, 7
fig,4 tab, !2ref.OWRR Project A-016-K AN (2).
Detcriptora: 'Farm waitei, 'Water pollution ef-
fectt, 'Path of pollutanti, 'Irrigation water,
•Waite water diipoial, Lagoon*, Saline toili,
Nitrate*. Salt*, Leaching, Soil water. Soil chemii-
try. Soil properties. Soil texture. Soil itructure.
Identifier*: Feedlot lagoon*.
Lagoon water from cattle feedlot runoff wai added
to unditturbed toil columni 42 cm long and 6.7 cm
In diameter. The infiltration rate of the lagoon
water Into the cotumni wa* meaiured and
recorded. After each run, the toll columni were
lectloned Into 3-cm Increment! and analyzed for
C», Mg, Na, K. and NH4 ion*. Alto the electrical
conductivity of a saturation extract from the top 15
cm of each column wai determined. Water flow in
the toil columni itopped for all toil* before two
pore volume* of filtrate could be collected. The
percentage* of Na, K, and NH4 ion* Increaied In
the turface increment* of the toil columni. The
electrical conductivity of the taturatlon extract* for
all toll* wai increased by more than 200% by ad-
ding the lagoon water to ths toil. The taturatlon ex-
tract of the treated toili had electrical conductivity
value* of between 2.80 and 5.05 mmhoi/cm. (K-
napp-USGS)
0682 - A5, D2, F2
AERATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MANURE; A
STABILIZATION PROCESS OB AN ODOUR
CONTROL MEASURE,
Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology.
R. O.BeD.
Poultry Science. Vol. 50, No. 1, January 1971. p
U5-158.3fis.9ref.
Descriptor!: 'Farm watte*. Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Odor. 'Aeration, 'Poultry. Anaerobic
digettioa, 'Degradation (Decomposition), Liquid
watte*. 'Watte water treatment
Identifier*: Fatty-acidt.
The offensive odor* aitociated with the itorage of
liquid manure* ire caused by the accumulation of
the by-products of the anaerobic decomposition of
fecal organic matter. A direct relationship hat
been observed between the concentration of one
such group of by-products, the volatile fatty acids,
and the odor quality of stored liquid poultry
manure. It we* suggested that a 0.1% fatty acid
content wa* an acceptable level for new facilities
and 0.2% was a minimum level for the initiation of
prosecutions under any proposed air pollution
legislation. Aeration, on purely theoretical
ground*, must be a means of preventing stored
liquid manure from acquiring a foul odor since
anaerobic*!* and the pretence of free oxygen an
incompatible. In practice it it now well ettabUshed
that aeration Is an effective way by which to con-
trol the odor of liquid manure. The present study
wa* undertaken to a*certain whether the fatty Mid
content remained a reliable odor assessment
criteria for aerated stored manure; and to observe
whether aa aeration rate sufficient to control odor
would result ia the ttabfliration of the manure. The
tatty acid content waa shown to provide a reliable
assessment of the odor quality of stored aerated
liquid poultry manure. For satisfactory odor con-
trol in the manure storage system containing 0.5(2
eu, ft. of water per hen It waa only necessary to
satisfy 37% of the daily applied BOD. Aeration as
used in the experimental system must be con-
sidered at an odor control meaiure and not a* a
stabilization process. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0683 - Bl, F4
ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE,
Purdue Unlvenity, Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of
Animal Science.
1. H. Conrad, and V. B. Mayroae.
Journal of Animal Science, VoL 32, No. 4, April
1971. p 811415. 22 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens,
•Swine, 'Odors, Farm management, Irrigation,
Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Aeration, 'Waste
wster treatment.
Identifiers: Slotted floor*.
Farmer-producer* are becoming larger and more
specialized. Aa eMimated twenty-five percent of
the hog.* are produced in total confinement and
another fifty percent of the hog* produced by large
producer* are in partial confinement during the
crowing and/or finiihiag period. A* confinement
feeding Increase*, concern about the volume of
wastes excreted doe* al»o. Some procedure* of
measuring and fact* about fecal production are
discussed. An ideal manure handling tyitem
should incorporate the ultimate In automation, ox-
idize volatile solids, require a minimum amount of
maintenance and be economical to operate. Waste
disposal systems discussed include; mechanical or
hand scraping and cleaning In conjunction with
total hauling and spreading, a combination of
scraping and flushing the wastes into a lagoon or
holding pit. a slotted floor over a pit. a slotted
floor over a pit with oxidation wheel, slotted floor
over a lagoon, slotted floor* over a pit with oxida-
tion wheel* and a lagoon, and the plow-furrow-
cover technique. Another problem with swine con-
finement is gas generation. Some of the gate*
generated are toxic while othen caute offentive
lion. Speculation into the future has com< s up
with this system, perhaps with slight modifica-
tions. as an acceptable one. Animals will be reared
in totally encloied building* on dotted floors.
Wattes will be fluthed by recycled lagoon water
into the lagoon which contains a floating aerator.
Effluent containing both liquid and «P«£<"jM
lolid* wttl be uied for crop irrigation. (Bundy
Iowa State)
0684 - A2, AS, Dl, El
CHANGING PRACTICES « AGRICULTURE
AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE ENVIRON-
Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. D«pt, of Agricultural
Engineering; and California Univ., Davis. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering. ......
Raymond C. Loehr, andSamuel A. Hart.
CRC Critical Review* in Environmental Control
Vol 1 ,' No I , p 69-99, February 1 970. 3 1 p, 7 fig. 9
tab, 67 ref.
Detcrlptor.: 'Review*. •Bibliographies, 'Water
pollution source*. 'Farm wa«ei>a*te treatment
Aesthetic*. Odor*. Sewage disposal, Disposal, Farm
management, Water pollution control, Environ-
ment, water quality, Air pollution. Urbanization.
Identifier!: Animal production waiter
This review empha«izet one facet of agriculture,
inimal 'production as an example of the change*
that have taken place in agriculture. The major
topic area* include: productivity increases, change*
in size of operation*, handling problem*, waste
characteristics, surface and groundwater quality,
land application of watte*, land runoff, odor
production, and waste management technique!.
Became farm* are located in relative isolation sur-
rounded by apparently unlimited land, air, and
water, contaminants generated by agriculture
usually would be sufficiently dilute or stabilized be-
fore potential problem* become real. Modern
developments in agriculture and growing recrea-
tional use of rural lands are tending to eliminate
this relative Isolation. The large livestock producer
is in the animal rather than in the crop-farming
business. He relies on commercially available feeds
.for a considerable portion if not all of his feeding
requirements, has a minimum interest in utilization
of the resultant manure in crop production, and
may not have adequate land of his own for satisfac-
tory disposal of the animal wastes. The outlook is
283
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for continuation of these trends in modern agricul-
ture and for an increase in the environmental
problems described in this review. No new facility
or expansion of existing facilities for agricultural
production should be considered without prior
planning which should include the probable en-
vironmental effects of the disposal or wastes from
the facility. (Knapp-USGS)
0685 - AS, A6, Bl, Dl
£A?5LAND ODORS FROM STORED SWINE
WASTES,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dcpt. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Arthur J.Muehling.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 30, No 4, o 526-
531, April 1970. 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Ammonia, Manure
•Oases, Odor, Methane, Carbon dioxide'
Hydrogen sulfidc, *Hogs.
Identifiers: Swine confinement, 'Manure odors
Storage pits.
One major problem arising from the storage,
handling, treating and eventual utilization or
disposal of hog wastes associated with confinement
hog systems is the inevitable presence of gases and
odors. The most important gases generated in a hog
confinement unit are thought to be carbon dioxide,
ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and a large
group of trace compounds such as amines, mercap-
tans, and skatoles. Under normal conditions in an
adequately ventilated confinement unit no noxious
gas reaches lethal or even harmful concentrations
for pits or humans. Critically dangerous conditions
exist when the oxygen content of the air diminishes
from the normal 21 to 10% or less. It is only under
special conditions such as during a ventilation
failure, or during rigorous agitation of the manure
pit that dangerous levels are reached. It may be
possible to apply the industrial methods of treating
odors; namely, dilution, absorption, adsorption,
masking, counteraction and burning to the control
or odors from stored manure. (Miner-Iowa State)
0686 - E3, F5
TO REEDSTUW CONVraTS CATTLE ««MEN
D. Natz.
Feedstuffs, Vol43, No 28. July 10,1971.1 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Suspended
solids, 'Waste treatment, 'Feeds.
Identifiers: Feeding trials.
A practical means of turning rumen content
(paunch) of slaughtered cattle into a valuable feed
ingredient it claimed by Or. Paul A. Stabler, a Min-
nesota medical doctor. The patented 'Stabler Con-
version Process' actually converts the paunch
material into two usable feed ingredients. One is a
concentrated liquid fed to hogs as a top dressing
over grain. The other is a dehydrated product
which is fed to cattle much like silage. Stabler'*
process tint separates the liquids and solids by
suction, then compresses the high moisture solids
to extract more liquid. The liquid* then go into a
holding for sterilization and processing. The solids
move into a revolving drum-type heating and dry-
ing unit when they are exposed to 2000 to 3000F
temperatures. The solids can then be pelleted if
desired. Stabler reported that the paunch, when
processed according to the prescribed methods,
will provide a minimum of 75% of the commonly
accepted nutritive requirements of beef cattle dur-
ing the finishing phase. He said that it has even
more potential as a pre-finishing ration - from
about 400 to (00 pounds. The cost to produce this
material in I960 was about $17.04 per ton. During
feeding trials conducted by Stabler, cattle gained
an average of 2.5 pounds per day on a ration of
which a major part was paunch products. Stabler
predicted that beef production nationally could be
increased by 25% by utilizing the rumen content of
animals as a feed product. (WaDin-Iowa State)
0687 - B2, D4, F5
OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON
HOG ABATTOIR WASTEWATER,
Steeg (Henry B.) and Associates, Inc., Indi-
anapolis, Ind.; and Wastewater Treatment Plant
Logansport, Ind.
C. F. Niles, and H. P. Gordon.
In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference
25th, May 5-7,1970, Purdue University, Engineer-
ing Extension Series No. 137, Part II, p 612-616,1
tab.
Descriptors: 'Waste water treatment, 'Operating
costs. Anaerobic conditions, Effluents, Activated
sludge, Biochemical oxygen demand, Labor, Pre-
treatment. Management, Indiana, 'Lagoons, 'In-
dustrial wastes.
Identifiers: 'Abattoir wastewater. Anaerobic
lagoons. Secondary treatment. Suspended solids.
The development of a design for an anaerobic.
pond for pretreatment of the wastewater from an
abattoir, design criteria and details of the anaero-
bic pond, and the operating techniques being used
m treating the effluent from the anaerobic pond
before discharge to the river are described. Some
information on operating results, labor require-
ments and power consumption are also included It
was estimated that processing 400 hogs per hour
on a one shift kill would result in a flow of 800 000
gal per day with a peak rate of 1400 gal per min. It
was further estimated that this wastewater would
contain 8000 pounds of BOD and 6650 pounds of
suspended solids per day. The effluent from the
lagoon was introduced into the activated sludge
secondary treatment step of the city sewage treat-
ment plant. For successful operation on a year-
round basis, a cover for the lagoon was considered
necessary. The cover was composed of straw and
grease and maintained temperatures year-round
above 80 degrees F. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0688 - C2, C3, C4, C5
CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREAT-
MENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Univ. (England). DepL of
Agricultural Engineering.
J. R. O'Callaghan, V. A. Dodd, P. A.J •
O'Donogbue, and K. A. Pollock.
Journal Agriculture Engineering Research. Vol 16
No 4, p 399-419. December 1971. 13 fig, 15 tab 8
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, Feeds,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen
demand. Solid wastes. Hydrogen ton concentra-
tion, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Potassium, Confine-
ment pens.
Identifiers: 'Total solids, Volatile solids.
The daily faecal and urinary production from in-
dividual pigs were measured over the live-weight
range 20-90 kg. Three different feeding regimes
were employed. Faecal and urinary production can
be expressed as a percentage of meal and water
consumed; the values are influenced by feeding
regime. The results from the study on individual
pigs were, in general, confirmed by a trial carried
out on groups of pigs. There was no significant dif-
ference in the quantity of manure produced by
hogs and gilts. Feeding regime was found to in-
fluence significantly the major properties of pig
manure. The properties studied included
biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen de-
mand, total solids, volatile solids,.nH and the
major nutrient elements, nitrogen, phos>horui and
potassium. No significant reduction in either ox-
ygen demand or volatile solids was achieved by
storing the manure in dung channels for periods of
up to 18 weeks. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0689 - A3, Bl, F4
WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEDLOTS
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Coll. of Agriculture
E. A. Olson.
Extension Service Bulletin, B.C. 71-795, (1971). 14
P, 15 fig.
Descriptors: *Fann wastes, 'Nebraska
Livestock, Runoff, 'Feed lots, 'Water pollution
control, 'Pollution abatement, Legal aspects
Guidance and information are provided to help
livestock producers develop faculties that will bv
proper wast* management, help prevent pollution
Careful selection of a new site for livestock
production facilities can help reduce potential
water and/or air pollution problems. Methods for
controlling and managing waste runoff for existing
or new lots are described. These techniques are
based on results of recent research on waste
management by USDA Agricultural Research Ser-
vice personnel and the University of Nebraska.
The Nebraska Water Pollution Control Act
requires that programs to control livestock wastes
°nl by December
0690 - Bl, Cl
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE
COLLECTION OF URINE, FECES, AND EX-
PIRATORY GASES FROM THE MATURE
CHICKEN,
Agricultural Research Service. Fargo, N. Dak.
Metabolism and Radiation Research Lab.
G. D. Paulson.
Poultry Science, Vol 48, No 4, p 1331-1336, 1969
3 fig, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Urine, 'Poultry
Sampling, Carbon dioxide.
Identifiers: Surgical modification. Poultry urine
collection. Metabolism cage.
An improved method for surgical modification of
the chicken and collection apparatus to facilitate
separate collection of urine and feces is described.
There was no mortality from surgery, and the
modified birds were normal, as evaluated by out-
ward appearance, feed and water consumption,
urine and feces excretion, and post examination of
sacrificed birds. A metabolism unit and a system
for collecting respiratory CO2 from the chicken are
also described. (Miner-Iowa State)
0691 - B3, C2
THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING
TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF
BROILER EXCREMENTS,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Dept. of Animal
Industries and Veterinary Science.
R. A. Peterson, M. A. Hellickson, W. D. Wagner
and A. D. Longhouse.
Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 2. p 439-443. March
1970.1 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Livestock, 'Poultry,
'Manure, Humidity, Air environment.
Identifiers: Broilers, Moisture content, 'Flooring
systems.
Experiments were conducted in part to determine
the effect of humidity and flooring type on the
moistuie content of excreta from broilers. The ex-
periments using broiler type chicks fed a high ener-
gy ration were conducted in four controlled 1.8 x
2.4 x 2.4 m environmental chambers. Relative hu-
midity was measured and maintained. The follow- •
ing types were used, (1) 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm. welded
wire (2) 1.3 cm. by 2.5 cm. welded wire and (3) 1.9
cm. flat wooden slats spaced 0.6 cm. apart. The
average moisture content was significantly less in
excreta collected under 1.9 cm. flat slats than col-
lected beneath either 2.5 x 2.5 cm. or 1.3 x 2 5'
welded wire floors. (Miner-Iowa State University)
284
-------
0692 - Bl, Cl
EFFECT OF FEED PROCESSING ON DIGESTI-
BILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS,
Kansas State Univ.. Manhattan.
RB.Pfost.
(1970) 21 p, 22 tab. 20 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, Feeds, Feed lots, Cat-
tle. Microorganisms. Ammonia, Hogs.
Identifiers: 'Daily gain. Daily feed. Starch.
Some degree of starch gelatinization improves the
feed efficiency for beef, swine and broiler feeding
enouoh to be economically feasible under typical
conditions in the United States. The utilization of
urea in ruminant rations can be improved by use in
combination with gelatinized starch. The results of
using a highly gelatinized product for feeding
swine appear interesting from a research stand-
point and may prove to be practical later. Much of
the past research which involved grain processing
is difficult to interpret because of the failure to
measure and report chemical and physical changes
which occurred during processing. Standardized
methods which are correlated with animal per-
formance need to be developed Protein availabili-
ty must be considered as well as starch availabili-
tv Future developments in equipment for
oroceasing must consider the economic costs
Couired to obtain desired levels or product
Change. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0693 - C5
IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ES-
TROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS
CYCLE OF THE EWE,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Animal
Sciences.
E. D. Plotka, and R. E, Erb.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 29, No 6, p 934-
939,1969. 2 fig, 1 tab, 27 ref.
Descriptors: Farm wastes, 'Sheep, 'Urine, Organic
compounds, *Chromatography.
Identifiers: Estrone, 'Estrogen, Pregnant ewes.
Estrone was identified in urine of the non-pregnant
ewe by comparing its behavior to crystalline stan-
dard estrone and by its failure to separate from
added 14C-estrone through solvent partitioning,
paper chromatography, successive thin-layer chro-
matography in different systems, gas-chromotog-
raphy, (CLC) on three columns, derivative forma-
tion and chromatography of the derivatives. The
highest average rate of excretion of estrone and es-
tradiol occurred during estrui averaging 394 and
479 ug./24 hr. as compared to the lowest rates of
20 and 17 ug./hr., respectively, the second day
after estrui. Expressing excretion rate as ng/mg. of
urinary creatine was highly correlated (r-0.97-
0 98) to total excretion based on total collection of
urine for 24 hours. (Miner-Iowa State)
0694 - A2, Bl
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION
TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO
PREVENT POLLUTION,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Coll. of En-
gineering Research Div.
Paper presented at the Eighth Texas Industrial
Water and Wastewater Conference, Lubbock,
Texas. June 6.1968.13 p.l fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Dairy industry,
•Waste disposal, Confinement pens. Runoff,
•Washington, Aerobic treatment, Lagoons.
Identifiers: Anaerobic lagoons, 'Monroe (Wash).
The Sanitary Engineering Section of the College of
Engineering Research Division was asked to con-
sider the manure problem at a dairy and milk
processing plant near Monroe, Washington.
Winter flooding and cost were two problems that
influenced the systems set up for the 230 to 240
cows. The final system consisted of scraping and
flushing the manure into a central slurry sump.
From here the manure can either be pumped to the
fields for disposal through a manure 'gun' or
pumped to one of three storage lagoons. Each
lagoon measures 115 feet by 115 feet by 18 feet
and all three can hold about 430,000 cubic feet of
material. (Wallin-Iowa State)
0695 - AS, Bl
CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILA-
TION SYSTEMS USING SOLID-STATE CON-
TROLS,
Agricultural Research Service, State College,
Miss. Farm Electrification Research Branch.
F. N. Recce, and I. W. Deaton.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol. 14, No. 6, p 1073-1075,
November-December, 1971, 3 fig, 2 tab, 7 ref.
'Ventilation,
treat-
Descriptors: 'Confinement pens, 'Vent
•Poultry, Temperature, Cooling, 'Waste
ment.
Identifiers: 'Solid-state controls. Humidity con-
troller, Variable-speed d-c motor.
Chickens, because of size, growth characteristics
and sensitivity to light, lend readily to manipula-
tion of production efficiency through confinement
housing. However, as with any livestock, the suc-
cess of confinement housing is dependent largely
on the ventilation system. The conventional
poultry-house ventilation system generally uses
multiple fans, usually low-pressure axial-flow
type, controlled by time clocks and thermostats, to
regulate ventilation rate and control house tem-
perature and humidity. The application of solid-
state voltage control devices, used to control the
speed of permanent split-capacitor, fractional-hor-
sepower motors, further refines the system by
providing resolution of the incremental steps of
the multiple-fan system. The application of varia-
ble-spefd, 1-hp and larger, d-c, elecjric motors
with solid-state control to poultry-house ventila-
tion systems appears to offer a method of solving
some of the current problems in ventilation
systems. By using a variable-speed, d-c motor and
an appropriate, solid-state power controller regu-
lated manually in summer and by means of dry-
bulb or dew-point temperature transducers in
winter, ventilation rate can be controlled in win-
dowless poultry houses over the entire range
necessary for optimum conditions throughout the
year. The system provides a method of reducing
the complexity of design and operation of ventila-
tion systems. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0696 - A2, Cl, C5
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE
PRODUCTION AREAS,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept of
Biological and Agricultural Engineering; and
North Carolina Water Resources Research Inst.,
Raleigh.
J. W. D. Robbins, G.I. Kriz, and D. H. Howells.
Paper No. 69-706 presented at 1969 Winter meet-
ing of the American Society of Agricultural En-
gineers Chicago, Illinois, December 9-12, 1969. 42
p, 21 fig, 4 tab, 21 ref. FWPCA Grant 13020DGX.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Water quality control,
•Surface waters, Discharge, Lagoons, Hogs,
•Nitrates phosphorus. Conforms, Biochemical ox-
ygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand, 'Toxici-
ty. Antibiotics, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: 'Effluent disposal. Land application,
Direct discharge, Automatic sampler. Feed addi-
tives.
Results are presented of the swine waste phase of
a study initiated to identify the amounts of and
factors governing pollutional loadings reaching
surface waters and to answer whether and under
what conditions animal wastes are a significant
source of stream pollution. Knowledge of these
factors is necessary to develop meaningful waste
control, treatment, and disposal requirements for
surface water protection. Results from representa-
tive swine waste management systems of lagoon-
ing, land disposal, and direct discharge to stream
demonstrated the superiority of land disposal in
controlling stream pollution. Discharge of lagoon
effluents or direct discharge into surface water is
unacceptable from a water quality standpoint. In
land disposal, care must be taken that good
management practices of soil and water conserva-
tion are followed to minimize movement of wastes
into streams. The amount of wastes applied per
unit area should be low enough to prevent excess
nitrate levels in groundwater. Toxic substances in
the wastes are a cause of difficulties in BOD tests
on lagoon wastes. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0697 - A2, A3, Bl, Cl, El
HOLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICUL
TURAL LAND RUNOFF.
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of
Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollu-
tion Control research Series, August 1971.114 p,
32 fig, 19 tab, 75 ref, 2 append. EPA Program
13020 DGX 08/71.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, •Agricul-
tural runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Farm lagoons,
Waste disposal, Sampling, Analysis, Disposal.
Twelve typical agricultural areas representing
three types of animal waste management
techniques-lagooning, direct discharge into
streams, and land'spreading including pasture and
drylot units-were studied to determine the
amounts of and factors governing stream pollution
from swine, dairy, beef, and poultry production
operations. More than 1500 stream and lagoon ef-
fluent samples were collected with an automatic
sampler developed for the study. The samples
were analyzed for bacteria, nutrients, and
degradable organic:. Hydrological and waste
management data were also collected. Study
results point to the superiority of land spreading
for the disposal of animal wastes. Good soil and
water conservation practices should be used to
minimize the movement of wastes into streams.
Higher rates of runoff result in heavier pollution.
The location of disposal areas away from streams
is important in controlling the amount of entering
wastes. Even when land disposal areas are poorly
located, the ai. ount of pollution entering streams
is usually low; and watershed factors, such as sur-
face culture and ease of erosion, are of primary
importance in governing the magnitude of pollu-
tion which reaches the streams. Direct dumping of
animal wastes, treated or untreated, into streams
is completely unacceptable and should be
prohibited. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0698 - A2, A9, Cl, Dl
CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS OF CAT-
TLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF,
Robert S, Ken Water Research Center, Ada,
Okla.
M. R. Scalf, W. R. Duffer, and R. D. Kreis.
In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference
25th, May 5, 6, and 7, 1970. Purdue University,
Engineering Extension Series No. 137, Part 2. p
85T-864,10fig,3tab,6ref. P
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Fishkill,
Cattle, Dissolved oxygen. Diversion structures
Sedimentation, Biochemical oxygen demand, Al-
gae. Confinement pens, Impoundments, 'Water
pollution sources, 'Agricultural runoff, 'Water
pollution effects. 'Cattle, 'Feed lots.
Identifiers: Algal blooms.
285
-------
Cattle feedlot capacity in the United States has
been increasing at about 10 percent annually in
recent years. Essentially, all this growth has been
SLi'iJL u"" of large scale fee
-------
ferent environment. The basic conceptual model is
represneted by a combination of three energy
reservoirs with energy flow between the reser-
voirs. These reservoirs represent digestion,
metabolism, and thermal activity. The model can
then simulate growth responses to energy intake
and environmental factors. The model can thus be
used to calibrate optimum values of the parame-
ters used in a simulation and thus show the most
economical feed ration or any other such factor.
The model should prove, after further calibration,
useful in feedlot situations. The present model and
optimization routines can now be used to predict
results of management decisions. (Dortand-Iowa
State)
0706 - Bl, F4
HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF
DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CON-
FINED SYSTEMS,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
J. A. Moore, «nd D. W. But*.
Paper No. 69-93), presented at the 1969 Winter
Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers at Chicago, Illinois. 9 p, 6 fig, S ref.
Deicriptors: 'Farm waitei, 'Storage tanki,
•Diipoul, Cattle, Treatment facilities Confine-
ment peni, Labor, Structural design, Slurries.
Storage, Wa»le dispoul, Waste treatment. Watte
water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Mechanization, 'Land spreading.
Gutter cleaners, Bedding, Slatted floors.
Increasingly complex systems for manure manage-
ment of livestock operations have been developed.
This complexity is mainly due to pressure from en-
vironmental concerns and the need to reduce labor
requirements in these operations. The develop-
ment of manure handling systems in dairy opera-
tions is reviewed. These systems range from hand
labor systems to the more modern gutter cleaner
where the system was completely mechanized to
reduce labor to a minimum with a corresponding
increaae in capital investments. Thcte systems are
all based on the liberal ute of bedding to absorb
the liquid from the wastes. The use of bedding in-
volves the cost of obtaining the bedding and keep-
ing il in place. Produced have begun to try to
reduce these costs by reducing the use of bedding.
Recently there has been an increaae in the use oi
storage tanks under the floor and the use of slatted
or partly slatted floors. If there was little or no
bedding in the manure it would spread itielf in and
out of the building storage tank, eliminating the
need for a mechanical distribution system. The
need to reduce odors and solids will bring about
more efficient treatment systems in the future.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0707 - AS, D3
A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF
ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA
AND OTHER ODORS,
Vineland Labs., Inc., NJ. Research Div.
William Seltzer, Stanley O. Mourn, and Tevis M.
Goldhaft.
Poultry Science. Vol 48, No 6. p 1912-1918,
November 1969.4 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: *0dor, 'Ammonia, 'Farm wastes. Air
pollution. Poultry, Hogs,Cattle, Bactericides.
Identifiers: Paraformaldehyde, Methogen. Odor
control. "Manure odors.
Discusses the use of flaked paruformaldehyde for
direct treatment of animal wastes to prevent or
eliminate the noxious gases from animal quarters.
Paraformaldehyde is a mixture of polyox-
ymethylene glycols containing 90-999
polymerized formaldehyde. Paraformaldehydc
liberates formaldehyde gas as it decomposes. For
many years ammonia gas has been used to neutral-
ize formaldehyde gas. This work is predicated on
using the principal in reverse. The action of the
flake paraformaldehyde on the animal wastes was
concluded to be both chemical and antimicrobial
and these combined actions make it of value in the
control of noxious odors and gases emanating as a
result of bacterial fermentation. (Miner-Iowa
State)
0708 - C3
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINA-
TIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
I. W. D. Bobbins, G. J. Kriz, and D. H. Howells.
Paper presented at the 1969 Winter Meeting Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineering, Chicago,
Illinois, December 9-12,19*9. Paper No. 49-9M. 16
p. 9 fig, 19 ref.
Deicriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand. Hogs, Runoff, Lagoons, Confinement
peas, Hydrogen ion concentration, Nitrates, Am-
monia, Bacteria, Chemical oxygen demand,
•Analytical techniques.
Identifiers: 'Total Organic Carbon, Fresh manure.
Total organic carbon measurements (using a
Beckmaa 9ISTOC analyzer) were made on awine
waste effluents to establish a rapid and accurate
auxiliary method to substitute for and/or comple-
ment the BOD test for determining degradable or-
ganic contents and/or oxygen demand loadings.
The standard BOD teat has very limited value for
characterizing (resh swine waste and swine waste
lagoon effluents although it baa considerable ap-
plicability for more dilute swine wastes in land
drainage. Toxic substances, high solids contents,
and/or the requirements for high dilations in
analyses are major factors in this regard. The TOC
analysis provides a convenient, rapid, and de-
pendable method for determining the amount and
strength of wattes entering streams through land
runoff from swine growing operation*. While the
TOC can be useful in characterizing raw swine
waste effluents, its utility for this purpose is
presently limited by difficulties common to the
standard BOD analysis. If a satisfactory relation-
ship with oxygen demand could be developed, the
TOC test would be a better pollution parameter
than BOD. Conjunctive use of BOD and TOC
parameters can be useful in characterizing twine
wattes and waste waters, particularly when toxic
materials and other factors limit the BOD test. The
degree of BOD/fOC variability is one indication
of wattewatcr consistency and the possible
presence of toxic materials. Also, the BODrTOC
ratio it nn indication of the ease of biodegradaUoa
aad/or the degree of stabilization. (Buady-Iowa
Slate)
0709 - A2, F3, F4
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE-
MENT PROGRAM.
Robert S. Ken Water Research Center, Ada,
Okla.
I. L. Witherow, and M. R. Scalf.
Mimeo, April 1971. 2 fig. 1 tab, II ref. EPA Pro-
gram 13040—04/71.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution
sources, 'Regulation, Cattle, Kansas, Texas,
Oklahoma, Feed lots. Livestock, Confinement
pens.
The Environmental Protection Agency's beef cat-
tle feedlot waste research has an objective to
develop technically and economically feasible
systems to abate the pollutional effects of con-
fined beef production. Surveys show that the
number of 1,000 head feedlots and the total
number of cattle on feed are increasing while the
number of small feedlots is decreasing. This
change is in conjunction with a shift of feedlots
from the midwest corn belt to the high plains area
and the Southwest. A breakdown by states is given
for the number of cattle on feed and the size of
feedlots. Pollutional damages from large feedlota
are cited. Implementing waste management
systems in Kansas, Texaa, and Oklahoma is by
recent laws and specific regulation adopted by
agencies of these states. The design requirements
are described. Lack of understanding by the
feedlot operator and the number of enforcement
personnel are major obstacles in implementation.
Pollution control and labor cost may result in total
environmentally controlled cattle feedlota becom-
ing common during this decade. (EPA abstract)
0710 - Bl, Dl, El
FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL,
Ontario Water Resources Commission, Toronto.
Dhr. of Research.
S. A. Black.
Water Management in Ontario Research. Publica-
tion No. 28, December 1967,36p. 1 fig, Stab, 44
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pent.
Feed lota, Runoff, Nitrogen, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Fertilizer,
Economics.
The theories and implications involved with the
processing, treatment and disposal of farm animal
wastes are described. Farm «"*'«•* wastes have
been contributing polluting materials to waterways
for many yean. The «*«nging nature of fanning in
the very recent yean, however, has increased con-
siderably the pollution potential of farm animal
wastes. Since this change is stfll in process, nn in-
tensive study into improving the methods and
facilities for the disposal of farm animal wastes is
wen justified, as the methods of disposal available
to the farmer may well control the location and
magnitude of his enterprise in the future. (Bundy-
lowa State)
0711 - A4
THE NITRATE HAZARD IN
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HOLT
COUNTY, NEBRASKA,
Geological Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
NebraEsk!bwlfier Survey. Paper 21. Univertity of
Nebraska, Conservation and Survey Division,
Lincoln, October 1967.18 p, 6 fig. IS ref.
Deicriptors: 'Farm waitei, Feed loti, Nitrates,
Wells, Well data, Well regulations. Percolating
water. Pumping, Cattle, Water pollution sources,
Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Infant feeding.
High nitrate concentrations in drinking water an a
potential health hazard and ihould be of concern
to the user. They not only render the water unsafe
for use in infant feeding but generally indicate that
the supply is contaminated. Reports of high-nitrate
water from several wells in northern Holt County
prompted the Lincoln, Nebrttka, office of the
U.S. Geotogic&J Survey to look into the problem -
to determine its seriousness, define causes, and
suggeit ways to cope with it. To augment the
analytical information already oa file, water sam-
ples were obtained from 71 wells for determination
of the nitrate concentration. Concentrations rang-
ing from O.I to 409 ppm (pant per million) were
found. In order to predict whether i certain weD it
likely to yield water containing nitrate derived
from a nearby source, the rate the well will be
pumped and the direction of groundwtter move-
ment need to be known. The greater the rate of
pumping, the greater the are* from which the
pumped water will be derived. A well iniide or
very close to a feedlot is likely to yield high-nitrate
water whether the rate of pumping is imaD or
large, whereas a well more distant from the feedlot
may need to be pumped heavily for the high-
nitrate water to be drawn into it. (Buody-Iowa
State)
287
-------
0712 — C2, C3, C4
CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE CHARAC-
TERISTICS,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Colorado
Graduate Student.
E. M. Jex.
Cattle Feedlot Waste Characteristics, Master of
Science Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado, January 1369, pp. 1-70, 17 flg,
13 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm Wastes, 'Feed Lots, Cattle,
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Hydrogen Ion Con-
centration.
This study was undertaken to investigate the
aqueous characteristics of cattle feedlot wastes.
There -.vere two areas of investigation: 1) Bio-
chemical oxygen demand (BOD) characteristics;
2) Conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, pH,
dissolved solids, volatile solids, coagulation and
foaming characteristics. The data and results
reported here represent laboratory analysis of
feedlot manure samples (combined urine and
feces sample from feedlot pens) diluted with
distilled water to varying degrees. A modifica-
tion of the classical first stage BOD equation
was developed which allows calculation of total
BOD versus curves which closely approximate
the experimental data. Equations were derived
from the van't Hoff-Arrhenius relationship per-
mit calculation of the BOD rate constant k and
the ultimate combined demand L at any tem-
perature. (Bundy • ISU).
0713 - C2, C3, C4, D4
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept'of Agricul-
tural Engineering. '•••n.™
A. C. Dale, and D. L. Day.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineer., Vol. 10. No. 4. p 546-548. 1967,11
tig, o tab.
Descriptors: 'Aerobic treatment, •Farm wastes
Biochemical oxygen demand. Cattle. Nitrogen
Phosphorus, Potassium, »Waste water treatment
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Volatile solids.
Additional information on aerobic decomposition
properties of dairy-cattle manure would be helpful
m designing Pasveer ditch dairy-production units
Information is needed on such characteristics as
(a) percent of the volatile solids that can be broken
down into carbon dioxide and water, (b) percent of
solids that will be left in the ditch, and (c) BOD of
the effluent An experiment was conducted with
the above factors in mind. The following conclu-
sions were drawn: (a) the greater the concentration
of dairy cattle wastes added to an aerobic
digestion chamber, the lower the breakdown of the
volatile solids; (b) approximately 50 percent of the
volatile solids will be decomposed in a retention
time of 18-1/2 weeks when the daily added wastes
amount to 1/2 percent of the volume. (Manure con-
tained 12.5 percent dry matter.) (c) Approximately
46 percent of the volatile solids will be decom-
posed in a retention time of 18-1/2 weeks when
dairy cattle wastes are added at a rate of 1 percent
of the volume of the aeration chamber daily, (d)
The effluent, as indicated by the 5-day BOD, of an
systems was reduced by more than 90 percent (e)
Salts are concentrated to some extent, but they did
not appear to retard bacterial action for the con-
centrations obtained. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0714 - C4
EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE
ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM
FECES,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Veterinary
Microbiology and Preventive Medicine.
R. M. Sharma. and R. A. Packer.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol 18, No 4, p
589-595, 1969. 6 tab, 25 ref.
Descriptors: 'Salmonella, 'Farm wastes, *Cul-
tures, Cattle, Hogs, 'Isolation.
Identifiers: Brilliant Green MacConkey Broth,
Tetrathionate Broth, Selenite Broth.
A study conducted on 300 fecal samples from a
cow and a pig, each artificially contaminated with
approximately four. Salmonella organisms revealed
that, of the three enrichment broths used in con-
junction with the three selective media, the max-
imum number of isolations were obtained with Bril-
liant Green MacConkey broth (BOMB), followed
by those obtained with tetrathionate (TTB), and
the least with selenite broth. The combination of
BOMB with Brilliant Green neutral red-lactose
agar (BGNRLA), and TTB with desoxycholate
citrate agar (DCA) gave an equal number of isola-
tions. Of the three selective media used in conjunc-
tion with the three enrichment broths, the max-
imum number of recoveries were obtained on
BGNRLA, followed by those on DCA, and least
number of isolations on bismuth sulfite agar (BSA).
The combination of selenite F broth-USA appeared
to be somewhat inhibitory for the growth of Sal-
monella organisms. Of the two selective media
combinations, the DCA-BGNRLA combination
yielded the highest number of isolations. The use of
all three selective media gave still better results.
(Miner-Iowa State)
0715 - F4
OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH
TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Dept of Poultry
Science.
R.J. Young.
In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management
Seminar, Athens, Georgia. June 23.1970. p 1-5.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration, Forced
drying, Oxidation lagoons. Odor, Runoff. Poultry,
Economics, Waste disposal.
As agricultural specialization, intensity, and
productivity increased, problems of disposing of
liquid, solid, and gaseous by-products greatly in-
tensified. In addition to the conflict of interest
over the environmental quality, is the mammoth
problem of disposal of large amounts of solid
waste which is not only extremely offensive but
has the potential to pollute both surface and sub-
surface waters. Investigations have been con-
ducted on disposal systems, identification and
control of odors, prevention of water pollution,
removal of nutrients, rcuulizanbn of ••'•ml
wastes either as fertilizers or feedstuffs, and new
methods of waste management which can become
economically part of the total production system.
As to odors, some m««n«n agents were slightly ef-
fective, although the best control was to prevent
the formation of the odor compound. The oxida-
tion ditch as wen as drying methods in treating
animal wastes were also evaluated.
(Bucdy-IowaState)
0716 - A8, D4
BIODEGRADATION OF POULTRY MANURE
FROM CAGE LAYERS,
Agricultural Research Service, Beluvflle, Md.
Husbandry Research Div.
C. C. Calvert, N. O. Morgan, R. D. Martin, and H.
L.Eby.
In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management
Seminar, Athens, Georgia, June 23,1970, p 6-12,3
tab, 2 ref.
Descriptors: Farm wastes, Waste disposal.
Poultry, Odor, Biodegradation, Larvae, Nitrogen,
Drying, Protein, Fertilizer.
Identifiers: 'Pupae meal.
An attempt has been made to degrade poultry
manure to a relatively dry and odorless product,
and at the same time produce some return over the
cost of the investment The work utilizes the com-
mon house fly to process and biodegrade manure
from caged laying hens. Two stages of the house
fly cycle - the larvae and pupae - are used. The
fresh manure was seeded with bouse fly tain, ap-
proximately 3 eggs/gm., and the eggs were allowed
to batch and the larvae were allowed to tunnel and
aerate the manure. The process results in
deodorizing a very obnoxious product, reducing
its moisture content and volume, and has
produced byproducts in the form of high protein
pupae meal and a potentially useful fertilizer
and/or sou conditioner. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0717 - Cl, F5
PROCESSING PLANT SANITATION AND ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO WASTE MANAGEMENT
Cagle's, Inc.. Atlanta, Oa.
J.K.Keim.
In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management
Seminar, Athens, Georgia, June 23, 1970. p 13-15.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Biochemical
oxygen demand. Sewers, Municipal wastes •
•Food processing industry. Water pollution
sources. Industrial wastes.
Identifiers: Processing plant sanitation.
In processing plant sanitation there can be no half-
way measures. There is no substitute for cleanli-
ness in a food preparation establishment The
problem has two main factors: the amount of pol-
lutants in the effluent, and the amount of effluent
itself. The blood during poultry processing creates
a big problem. The two largest sources of blood
are the bleeding alley and the contents of the
vacuum lung tank. Some plants still have a con-
tinous stream of water running over the floor while
others permit it to accumulate and then at cleaning
time push it into a gutter and wash it down to the
separator. The majority of the blood handled in
this way also ends up in the sewer, only a minor
amount being sufficiently solid to fail to escape
from the separator. If the plant is connected to a
city sewer, the chances are very great that the
charge is based on B.O.D. load. These charges
would soon pay for equipment to reduce the load-
ing. Relatively new cleaning systems utilize high
pressure and small volume and make the cleaning
operation more efficient (Bundy-Iowa State)
0718 - FS
WATER UTILIZATION IN PROCESSING
PLANTS.
Agncultoral Research Service. Athens. Oa.
Animal Products Lab.
D. Hamm.
ta: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management
' '
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Biochemical
*Food
Identifiers: 'Poultry processing plant
A poultry processing plant (PPP) today is a
ravenous user of clean water. Water usage per bird
processed more than doubled duringthe 8 year
period from 1957 to 1965 - up fromaS to 7 taUc*
avenge to a 12 to 15 gallon average. This mean, a
total of 28 Ibs of input or 36 Ibs water pe7^Sd o?
edible product Like all functioning biological
systems, a PPP uses water to transport, disperse
and to regulate temperature. Parts and wastes an
water framed; water scalds the bird, washes it to
disperse and transport wastes and debris; water
cools it; and water cleans up the budding and
equipment There are three general proMeni areas
insofar as water in and from PPP's are concerned
The problems are: (1) bow to cut down on volume:
(2) how to reduce total watte loading; and (3) how
to process the waste water before returning it to
the environment. Research is needed to find wavs
to reduce the quantity required in poultry
processing plants. (Bundy- lows State)
288
-------
0719 - A9, Bl, E3
FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE
USE OF POULTRY LITTER ON PASTURES,
GEORGIA Univ., Athens. School of Veterinary
Medicine.
D.J. Williams.
IB: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management
Seminar, Athens, Georgia, June 23,1970. p 23.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Poultry, Cattle,
Fescues, Pastures, 'Animal diseases, Fertilizer,
Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Fat necrosis, Dead fat.
Cattle grazing on tall fescue heavily fertilized with
poultry house waste may be developing a condi-
tion which tentatively has been called 'fat necro-
sis' or 'dead fat,' among other things. Postmor-
tems on cows snowed portions of the abdomen
area covered with this very hard, chalky fat and in
some instances this fat has completely closed the
tmall intestines and surrounded kidneys, shutting
off the urine process. Empirical evidence indicates
that grain supplement 4-6 weeks prior to parturi-
tion prevents the development of this condition.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0720 - A9, B3, E3
PROGRESS REPORT: PASTURE FERTILIZA-
TION USING POULTRY LITTER,
Agricultural Research Service, Watkinsville, Oa.
Soil and Water Conservation Research Div.
S. R. Wilkinson, W. A. Jackson, R. N. Dawson,
and D. J. Williams,
In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management
Seminar. Athens, Georgia, June 23,1970, p 24-29,
6ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal.
Poultry, Litter, Fescues, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Fertility,
•Animal diseases. Fertilizer.
Identifiers: Nitrate poisoning. Grass tetany.
Growing chickens and using the litter to produce
extra grass and beef has been profitable. This
practice has transformed the North Georgia
countryside from eroded red clay to lush green
grass by enhancing soil fertility, conservation, and
wise land use. However, in some pastures where
rates of litter applications have been high, animal
health problems such as nitrate poisoning, grass
tetany, and fat necrosis have appeared. The objec-
tives were to produce under controlled and
recorded conditions a tall fescue pasture heavily
fertilized with broiler litter for the purpose of stu-
dying cumulative effects of high rates of broiler
litter fertilization on selected soil, plant, and
animal parameters in a grazing ecosystem; includ-
ing the development of potential animal health
problems of nitrate poisoning, grass tetany and fat
necrosis. The research has not yet been
completed, but the trends indicate that each ton of
broiler house litter supplies about 60 Ibs. of N, 30
Ibs. of K, 30 Ibs. of Ca, 8 Ibs. of Mg, and is an im-
portant source of Zn, as well as micronutiients.
The application of 14 tons of broiler house litter
over a 363 day period has made some significant
changes in soil chemical properties. Broiler
manured fescue grass was consistently higher in
total N than inorganic fertilized fescue except dur-
ing the spring. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0721 - A3, A5, E2
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT
FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN,
Sperry Rand Corp., New Holland, Pa.
R. M. Alverson.
Agricultural Engineering, p 20-22, January 1971.3
lit
Descriptors: Farm wastes, Fertilizers, Odor, Ru-
noff, Nutrients, Equipment, 'Design, "Pollution
abatement, 'Environmental effects, 'Farm equip-
ment, Agriculture.
Identifiers: 'Spreaders, Environmental trends.
The two most prevalent environmental trends in
the U.S. today are the demands for 'clean' water
and 'pure* air. These trends have been precipitated
by both federal and state legislation. The Water
Quality Act of 196} (Public Law 89-234) was the
first major federal legislation to force states to set
minimum water quality standards and it
established the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration. Future design consideration will
include environmental quality concepts such as
noise and vibration reduction and increased
aesthetics. Future machines must also meet legal
requirements for environmental protection.
Design engineers should consider the trends of the
environmental movement in every country where
their products are sold. Legal rulings, if not
aesthetic values alone, may soon require that farm
equipment and procedures be non-polluting. For
.example, spreading manure on frozen or snow-
covered ground causes a potential water pollution
hazard. Odor problems with manure spreading are
also prevalent. When manure is spread on the
land, it may become mandatory to incorporate it
into the soil. Fertilizer spreaders, pesticide ap-
plicators and tillage implements also create un-
wanted sources of nutrients, toxic chemicals and
sediment. The environmental effects of these
machines must be considered in their design. (Bun-
dy-Iowa State)
0722 - C4
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY
TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF
STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS AN INDICA-
TOR OF FECAL POLLUTION OF WATER,
North Texas State Univ., Denton. Dept. of Biolog-
ical Sciences; and Clemson Univ., S.C. Dept of
Biological Sciences.
R. Abshire, and R. K. Guthrie.
Water Research, Vol 5, No 11, p 1089-1097,
November 1971. Stab, 16 ref.
Descriptors: 'Testing procedures, 'Sampling, 'In-
dicators, Streptococcus, Fluorescence, Water
quality. Sewage effluents, Runoff, Water pollu-
tion sources, Bacteria, Pollutant identification.
Identifiers: 'Fecal pollution. Streptococcus Fae-.
cab's, 'Bacterial indicators.
A slide method for use of fluorescent antibody
identification of Streptococcus faecalis is
described. This method permits S. faecalis of fecal
origin to be distinguished from those soil and
water forms which are able to reproduce in water.
and sewage. Reactions were specific as confirmed
by biochemical tests. Non-specific cross species
fluorescence was readily removed by adsorption.
Results indicate that this technique provides a
method which will be useful in those pollution stu-
dies which require rapid identification and quan-
titation of organisms indicating fecal pollution.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0723 - E3
FEEDING VALUE OF CATTLE MANURE FOR
CATTLE,
Auburn Univ.. Ala. Dept. of Animal Science.
W.Brady Anthony.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 30, No 2, p 274-
277,1970'. 6 tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Manure, Cattle,
Feeds, Reuse.
Identifiers: 'Cattle manure. Manure feeding,
Manure utilization. Feed supplement.
The objectives were to reappraise the feeding of
manure-containing rations to fattening cattle and
determine if cooking the manure improved it's
feeding value. Rations containing wet cattle
manure were readily consumed by fattening steers
and these rations supported gain essentially equal
to comparable cattle fed feeds without manure.
Cooking or washing manure before mixing it with
concentrate for feeding did not improve its feeding
value. Carcass data were similar for manure-fed
and other cattle. Wet manure collected daily per
yearling steer was about 13.5 kg. (3.12 kg. dry
matter) and about 6.6 kg. (1.52 kg. dry matter) was
consumed daily. The digestibility data do not
clearly indicate effective use of either manure ener-
gy or manure crude protein. However the data
show that manure did not impair digestibility and
actually saved concentrate dry matter used per unit
of gain. This indirect evidence strongly suggests
that.manure was utilized to an appreciable degree
for productive purposes. Feeding manure with con-
centrate did not completely alleviate waste disposal
problems. Only about one-half of the manure col-
lected daily was fed. The remainder of the daily
excretion had to be disposed of elsewhere. (Miner-
Iowa State)
0724 - B2, E2
GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR
DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE,
Quelph Univ. (Ontario).
L. R. Webber, T. H. Lane, and J. H. Nodwell.
In: Proceedings Eighth Industrial Water and
Wastewater Conference, June 6-7,1968, Lubback,
Texas, p 20-34.1 fig. 4 tab. 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Poultry, Confinement
peas. Phosphorus. Potassium. Nitrogen, Crops.
Landfills, Anaerobic digestion. Crop response.
Rates of application, Fertilization.
Identifiers: 'Stockpiling, Incineration.
An intensification in the trend to raise livestock
and poultry under high-density confinement hous-
ing has created problems in the disposal of liquid
manures. Research is underway to produce
guidelines that wfll assist producers in conforming
to the pollution abatement laws in Ontario. The ob-
jectives are: (1) to set forth the accessible areas
that producers must have for the utilization and
disposal of liquid manure without causing water.
*ir. or sofl pollution; and (2) to test and to evaluate
the guidelines by field and laboratory research and
make, where necessary, revisions in the
guidelines. Research has indicated that frequent
and heavy applications of manure have resulted in
a build-up in the sofl of phosphorus and potassium
without causing reduction! in crop yield or con-
tributing to the pollution of water supplied. A
nitrogen balance for Ontario conditions is
presented to show that crops of continuous com or
grass could be expected to utilize up to 300 Ib N
(from manure) per acre. Application rates greater
than 300 Ibs N/acre could lead to a depression of
crop yield and cause water contamination. (Bun-
dy-Iowa State)
0725 - Al, B3, E3
POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE
FEEDLOTS THROUGH USE OF MANURE AS
FEED,
Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Animal Science; and
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Au-
burn.
W.B.Anthony.
In: Proceedings Eighth Industrial Water and
Wastewater Conference, June 6-7,1968, Lubback,
Texas, p 59.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Confinement pens.
Cattle, Feeds, Feed lots. Silage, Grains.
Identifiers: 'Fresh manure, Wastelage.
Sanitation for cattle fed in confinement neces-
sitates a satisfactory and economical means of
disposing of manure. In initial tests, fresh manure
was blended with a concentrate and fed to cattle
from which it was collected. The blending ratio
was 40 parts of manure and 60 parts of grain.
Although the feeding of manure directly to the cat-
tle from which it was collected proved to be not
289
-------
only poitible but economically advantageous in
terrat of improved feed efficiency. Other ways of
feeding cattle manure were investigated. The mik-
ing and feeding of Wattelage evolved. Wastelage
it made by combining feedlot manure with grass
hay and itoring the mixture in a silo. (Bundy-Iowa
State)
0726 - A2, B2, Fl
ECONOMICS Or WATER POLLUTION CON.
TROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Agricultural
Economic!.
T. R. Oweni, and W, L. Griffin.
In: Proceeding! Eighth Induitrlal Water and
Waitewater Conference, June 6-7,1MB, Lubbock,
Texas, p 12-106.10 tab.
Detcriptori: 'Farm waitei, Cattle, Feed Ion,
Economici, Runoff, Rainfall, Deiign, Coiti,
Water pollution control.
Identifier!:'High Plain*.
One approach to the problem of water pollution
from feedlott involved control of runoff by
eitabllihing collection baiini and lubiequently
pumping the pollutant to an open land diipoial
area. A tecond tuggetted solution wti i collection
baiin of lufficient lize to hold polluted runoff until
natural evaporation emptied the ayatem. Data
from secondary source* were used to develop the
relationship between inches of precipitation and
resultant runoff. Subsequently, design criteria
were developed for various lizei of mechanics!
discharge and evaporative discharge collection
systems. The various dtiign criteria wen then ap-
plied to three different lizes of feedlots, a 3000
head lot, a 10,000 head lot and • 25,000 bead lot.
Budgets were developed for each lot and for each
system size and type, and total capital and annual
operating coats were computed. The itudiet as-
sumed that a part of the cost of operating any par-
ticular system would be the penalty imposed for
overflow on the bads of current law, this penalty
ranges from a minimum of $50/day to a maximum
of $1000/day. The analysis of rainfall data pro-
vided an estimate of the number of overflows ex-
pected with any size and type of system. Thus, the
cost of overflow was quantified by multiplying the
number of overflows by the appropriate penalty
rate. Finally, minimum cost systems providing
only minimum overflow protection were com-
pared with higher cod systems providing max-
imum overflow protection. Cost differences
between the two system i were then evaluated to
determine the increaie IB annual operating costs
associated with additional protection. (Bundy-
Iowa State)
0727 - A2, F5
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES
INTO FRESH WATER LAKES,
Orange County Pollution Control Dept., Orlando,
Fl*.
C. W. Sheffield, and R. T. Kaleel.
In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference,
25th, May 5,6, and 7,1970. Purdue University En-
gineering Extension Series No. 137, Part 2, p 904-
913,5 fig, 4 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Drainage effects, •Denitrificition,
•Eutrophication, Runoff, Nutrients, Bottom sedi-
ments, Drainage water, Nitrates, Water manage-
ment. Peat, Phosphites, Dikes, Canals, Nitrifica-
tion, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: 'Pumping discharge, Surface leeching,
Nutrient removal.
Agricultural business haa increased along with de-
mands for its products. In the United States most
winter and spring vegetable crops are grown in the
warmer climates of Florida, Texas, Arizona, and
California. To obtain crop growth needed for max-
imum production, land irrigation must be prac-
ticed. In Florida most of this firming is on peat soil
that was at one time lake bottoms. Land of this na-
ture is either developed naturally or reclaimed by
man through diking and canaling systems. The ef-
fects of agricultural discharges, on receiving waters
are discussed, including what is being discharged
chemically and how it changes the chemical,
physical, and biological characteristics of the
receiving fresh water lakes. The effects of
nutrient* into a lake are difficult to ascertain due
to the effects of other nutrient source* inch a*
sewage treatment plants, bottom recycling, rain-
fall, runoff, and surface leeching. However, there
i* a definite need to reduce turbidity, nutrients,
and solids concentration in pumping discharge.
(Dorland-Iowa State)
0728 - A5, Bl, D4
ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION: FROM CON.
CEPTION TO MARKET,
Smart (Paul) Hog Firm, Lawrence, Kans.; and
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
P. Smart, and R. E. McKinney.
In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference,
25th. May 5-7,1970, Purdue University. Engineer-
ing Extension Series No. 137, Pan 2, p 757-760,4
ret.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment,
•Waste treatment. Hog*, Aeration, Confinement
pens, Activated sludge, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Rotors, Odor, Anaerobic condition*.
Identifier*: 'Swine confinement, Concrete slat*,
Mechanical breakdown, Oxidation ditch.
The world is faced with an ever-increasing popula-
tion and an ever-increasing food demand. One of
the most critical food demands is for high quality
meat protein. It ha* been possible to meet the pork
need* without intensified animal growing. But the
future indicated that a change was needed. In the
summer of 1945, a project began to take shape that
was to result in • major hog growing operation
which would set the pattern for • new concept in
producing pork. It was proposed that • complete
animal confinement system be constructed near
Lawrence, Kansas, which would yield 10,000 mar-
ketable hogs per year. This confined hog system
was designed to provide the optimum environment
for the animals from conception to market. One
thing was apparent; no one had fully solved the
problem of manure disposal. Odor nuisances
created by hog manure, especially during removal
and spreading, required location i considerable
distance from other people, Biological concepts
employed in waitewater treatment systems pro-
vided the answers needed to solve the hog manure
disposal problem. The system employed a system
of aerobic treatment under slotted floors. (Dor-
land-Iowa State)
0729 - A5f Bl\ D3
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT
PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY
MANURE,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology,
R.G.BeU.andJ.Pos.
Transaction* of the American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, Vol 14, No 6, p 1020-1023, Nov.
Dec 1971,6fig,6ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, 'Poultry,
•Waste treatment, Runoff, Air pollution, 'Pilot
plants. Aeration, Operation, Design,
Identifiers: 'Composting.
A pilot plant for composting .poultry manure is
described. The composting unit consisted of a
closed cylinder mounted on a steel frame, fitted
with an internal rotor driven by an electric motor
through a power train. Air was supplied by a frac->
tional horsepower air compressor and was in-
troduced into the composter through three
manifold lines. Poultry manure can be composted,
but the real question is whether composting
reduces the pollution potential from poultry waste
The compost as discharged from the pilot plant
was dark brown in color, had a nitrogen content of
between 1.3 and 1.5 percent (dry wt. basis) a
moisture content near 50 percent and a strong
smell of ammonia. The compost did heat up which
was an indication that the material was not stabil-
ized. Even after being left unattended for several
months, compost piles did not develop objectiona-
ble odors nor was there evidence of appreciable
runoff during heavy rain storms. From these ob-
servations, it is concluded that composting does
reduce the pollution potential of poultry manure
and would,,therefore, be a satisfactory way to
treat manure prior to prolonged storage. (Bundy-
Iowa State)
0730 - A4, C3, El
AGRICULTURE'S EFFECT ON NITRATE POL-
LUTION OF GROUNDWATER,
Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collini. Colo.
B. A. Stewart, F. 0. Viets, Jr., and G. L.
Hutchinson.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 23,
No l,p 13-15, January-February, 1968,1 fig, 1 tab,
8ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrate, 'Water pollution, 'Fertil-
izers, 'Soil profiles, 'Groundwater, 'Agriculture,
'Wastes, Alfalfa, Grasslands, Feedlots.
Identifiers: Irrigated row crops, Domestic wells.
Contributions of fertilizers applied to soil and
wastes from concentrated livestock feeding opera-
tions to pollution of groundwater were studied in
the middle South Platte River Valley in Colorado,
Amounts of nitrate moving through 129 soil
profiles varied widely with land use, Average total
nitrate N to a depth of 20 ft in Ibs/acre was 1436
under feed-lots, 506 under irrigated row crops, 261
under dryland row crops, 90 under native grass-
land, and 79 under alfalfa. The average annual loss
of N to groundwater under irrigated row crops was
estimated at 25-30 Ibs/acre. Feedlots located near
homesteads had much more effect on nitrate con-
tent of water from domestic wells than did
cropped land. (Skogerboe-Colorado State)
0731 - Bl, C5, E3
DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Washington State Univ., PuUmani
D. O. Turner.
Crept and Sofli Magazine, p 10-11. February 1971.
Descriptor*: Firm waste*, Dairy industry.
Lagoons, Fertilizers, Runoff, 'Waste disposal.
'Wiahtaiton. »W«*te treatment. Waterreu*T^
Identifier*: Urban expansion.
Hjadltog waitet from dairy and beef operation* Is
difficult In Washington, a syitem wa* designed to
handle the wastes from approximately 400dalry
cattle. The location wu an alluvial flood plain
which wa* lubject to frequent and tevere winter
flooding. The wastes from the herd were scraped
and flushed to a transfer pump where they could
go directly to the field* or to the two winter
storage lagoons, each of which have a capacity of
one million gallon*. Waste material from the
I to silage com and ryegrats with a sprinkler.
Application was limited because of a thatch from
by the fiber content of the manure which allowed
surface runoff. Current recommendations are that
dairymen should have one acre of disposal land for
every two cows. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0732 - D4, E2
CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE
TREATMENT,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Water Resource*
Research Center.
J. T. Clayton.
290
-------
Completion Report FY 77-7, 1971 . 11 p, 22 ref.
Deieripton: 'Farm wastes, 'Treitment facilities,
Dairy industry, 'Waste treatment, Sub-surface ir-
rigation, Tertiary treatment. Cattle. Solid waitei,
water reuse, 'Waste disposal, Aerobic treatment.
Stationary sloping screens were used to remove up
to 75% of the solids in diluted dairy cattle manure.
Two bench-scale aerobic treatment systems were
then used to treat screened effluent. Two replicate
systems, one using distilled water and one using
'system final effluent to dilute incoming manure
were used to determine the effects of renovated
water reuse. BOD reductions greater than 95% and
COD reductions greater than 90% were obtained in
«]1 systems. No adverse effects of water reuse
were found. Phosphate level was not affected and
there was no appreciable build-up of fecal
colifonn or fecal streptococcus. A one-cow scale
modified activated sludge system was used to treat
120 pounds of manure and 66 gallons of dilution
water daily for more than six months. The final ef-
fluent was disposed of by a sub-surface irrigation
ivstem. Plastic nozzles were found satisfactory to
release the liquid to the soil, BOD and COD were
further reduced by about 93% in the tertiary treat-
ment system (sou). Best performance was ob-
tained in the two treatments in which activated
'sludge effluent was periodically applied to the soil.
0733 - A2, Bl, Dl. El
ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
FOR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
A F. Butchbaker. J. B. Carton, O. W. A.
alaboney, M. D. Paine, and A. Wetmore.
Paper number SWR 71-403 presented at 1971 An-
nual Meeting Southwest Region ol the American
Society of Agricultural Engineers, Sequoyah State
Park. Oklahoma. April 1-2, 1971. 20 p, 3 fig. 1 tab,
16 ref. FWQA Grant 13040 FXO.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff. 'Solid
wastes, Confinement pens. Disposal, Farm
lagoons, *Waste disposal. Cattle, Cost com-
parisons, 'Waste storage, 'Design criteria.
Feedlots.
Identifiers: 'Cattle feedlots, Runoff treatment.
Mechanical removal.
During the 1960'a, the number of fed cattle mar-
keted in the United States increased from 13 mu-
tton to 25 million. This increase in fed cattle
produced resulted in a corresponding increase in
waste production. Daily manure production of a
beef animal is about 6ft of his body weight. The
object waa to develop open beef feediot design
criteria to minimize pollution from runoff wastes
and to facilitate handling of solid and liquid animal
waste and to examine alternative feediot waste
disposal systems to determine minimum cost
systems for effective waste disposal. Six tyiums
of waste handling were investigated ; tractor loader
and dump truck, commercial loader and dump
tnick, tractor loader and pull spreader, commer-
cial loader and spreader truck, rotary scraper, and
an elevating scraper. Several types of runoff con-
trol systems were also Investigated; solids settling
and detention, solids settling and lagoon, detention
and lagoon, detention pond only, broad base de-
tention, and batch detention. The characteristics
of the solid waste material and the changes it un-
• ' g storage in a feediot wen also stu-
F-Iowa State)
0734 - A3, C5, Dl
TATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE PROBLEMS,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
R I Upper, J. R. Miner, and 0. H. Larson.
Paper presented at Oklahoma Cattle Feeders
Seminar, February 2-3. 1967, Stillwater,
Oklahoma. 9 p, 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lots. Runoff,
•Sprinkler irrigation. Water pollution, Cattle,
•Kansas, Coliforms, Water reuse.
Identifiers: 'Impounding.
Cattle feediot runoff became recognized as a
problem in Kansas during the late 1950's. In-
cidents of septic streams and fishkills were noted
immediately following rainfall in areas where no
known municipal of industrial waste discharges
existed, and where chances of insecticide and her-
bicide residues seemed remote. To study feediot
runoff, two experimental feedlots were con-
structed. One was entirely surfaced with concrete;
the other had concrete only around feed hunks.
Rather than wait for natural storms, simulated
rainfall was provided through six part-circle irriga-
tion sprinklers spaced at the periphery of the lots.
•The tint method for control of runoff to be stu-
died involves impounding the runoff water until it
can infiltrate adjacent land without producing
further runoff. New animal research facilities are
being planned at Kansas State University. Funds
are being sought to incorporate research systems
for processing total waste production from
animals reared in several covered pens with
concrete floors. Hopefully results will be used in
setting standards for cattle feedlots. (Bundy-Iowa
State)
0735 - C2, C3, C4, D4
SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE
IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND,
North Dakota Water Resources Research Inst.,
Fargo.
RobertC. Butler.
North Dakota Water Resources
Research Institute Report WI-22I-OII-69,
December. 1969. 35 p, 4 fig, 11 tab, 44 ref. OWRR
Project A-010-NDAK( I).
Descriptors: 'Anaerobic conditions, Biochemical
oxygen demand, 'Oxidation lagoons. Farm wastes,
'Bacteria, Waste water treatment, 'Anaerobic
bacteria, Photosynthetic bacteria, Microorganisms,
Chemical analysis.
Identifiers: 'Hog wastes.
This study relates the physical and chemical
characteristlci of the contents of an anaerobic sta-
bilization lagoon to the bacteria that are responsi-
ble for the stabilization of the waste. The lagoon Is
fed by effluent from a settling tank that receives
wastes from a hog barn. The lagoon operated as an
unheated digester and maintained a pH between.
7.2 and 8.1. The Redox potential varied from -370
to -403 millivolts. The mean concentration of
volatile acids was 403 mg/l. The average level of
BOD for the lagoon water was 566 mg/l. A BOD
loading of 3,250 pounds per acre per day did not
produce lagoon failure. Sulfate reducers were
grown on Postgate's Media E. Methane producing
organisms were detected. Photosynthetic organ-
Isms were grown on two different media.
0736 - A9, C4, Bl
SALMONELLA IN WASTES PRODUCED AT
COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS.
Rutgers • The SUM Univ., New Brunswick, N J.
D. J. Kraft, Carolyn Olechowski-Oerhardt, J.
Berkowitz, and M. S. Finsteln.
Applied Microbiology, Vol 18, No S, p 703-707,
November 1969.4 tab, 13 ref.
pics of freshly voided excreta from 91 poultry
houses were tested qualitatively for salmonella.
Twenty-six (29%) were positive. Of the 36 farms
tested, 18 showed positive samples. In a separate
quantitative study salmonella densities ranged from
less than I to over 34,000 per gram excreta (dry
weight). Those samples from floor and caged bird*
were comparable with respect to the incidence of
salmonella. As shown in a qualitative survey there
were distinct differences. High densities of the
pathogens were found in fresh excreta from caged
but not floor birds. It is concluded that the spread-
ing of these wastes could have disseminated sub-
stantial numbers of salmonella onto the soil
possibly lending to the contamination of water via
i surface run-off It is suggested that the recently
developed plow-furrow-cover method of manure
application may be advantageous in burying the
waste thereby preventing its transport by surface
run-off. (Hancuff-Texas)
0737 - C3, D4
REDUCTION OF NfTROGEN CONCENTRA-
TIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY
BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
l.K.Koelliker, and J.R. Miner.
In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference,
25th, May 5-7,1970, Purdue University. Engineer-
ing Extension Series No 137, Part 1, P 472-480, 6
tab. 11 ref. PHS Grant EC 00283-02.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes •Denitrification
•Biological treatment, Hogs, Liquid wastes, hi-
fluents. Nitrogen. Anaerobic conditions, Irriga-
tion, Lagoons. Aerobic conditions. Oxidation-
reduction potential, 'Waste treatment, Waste
Identifiers: Carbon source, Anaerobic lagoons.
Conventional schemes that treat .liquid animal
wastes are designed to reduce organic material^and
to reduce solids volume before ««•»*•£"*
Removal of nitrogen by such operations is IB£
cidental. If such lagoon effluent were released into
the environment, problems would anse «»«««
quantities of nitrogen remaining. Becausei of fcese
problems, or potential problems, willwngaUon
disposal of anaerobic swine lagoon e"™*"'1 ».
study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of
reducing nitrogen concentrations before
-------
nonlinear differential equations using analog com-
puter simulation. Since the feedlot runoff system
does not generally remain at steady state, a dynam-
ic model can represent the system more realisti-
cally than a static model. For a system of three
parameters, fitting data by an analog simulation
can be used effectively when high accuracy is not
required. However, for a complex system with a
large number of unknown parameters, the analog
simulation approach can be very tedious and time
consuming. The quasi-linearization technique is
shown to be a useful tool for estimating parameters
in a feedlot runoff system. The advantage of the
quasilinearization technique is that, if the process
converges, it converges quadratically. This
technique has been proved useful not only in
parameter estimation, but also in solving nonlinear
boundary value problems in partial and ordinary
differential equations. The quasilinearization
technique also has disadvantages; two of the most
important ones are the ill-conditioned problems
and the convergence problem. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0739 - A4, A9, C3
NITRATE AND WATER,
Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Soils.
M. Christy, J, R. Brown, and L. S. Murphy.
Science and Technology Guide, University of Mis-
souri Extension, Columbia, p 9808-9809, March
1965,2 fig. ttab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Nitrogen, Fertilizers,
Legumes, Missouri, Alfalfa, Livestock, 'Water
poOutioo sources, 'Nitrates, 'Public health.
Nitrates in some water supplies have caused con-
cern. A statewide survey showed that animal
manure!, inadequate sewage systems, and soil or-
ganic matter comprised the primary sources of
nitrate in water supplies. Even though nitrate has
been found in shadow wells all over the state, the
largest percentage of such wells have been found
in areas with greatest livestock numbers. Other
sources include the nitrogen from legumes and fer-
tilizers. Ponds usually have a low nitrate level. On
the other hand, water of springs contains nitrate,
thought to originate from natural soil leaching! and
bat guano deposits in nearby caves. The annual
flow of some large springs may contain many
times more nitrate-nitrogen than the total fertilizer
nitrogen used annually in Missouri. The reason for
concern is potential health hazards. Nitrate can be
especially hazardous to infants. One problem is
that boiling will not remove nitrates. (Bundy-Iowa
State)
0740 - Bl
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING
BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
rp. Hultgren, and T. E. Hazen.
Paper number MC 71-101 presented at the 1971
.Mid-Central Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph. Missouri,
April 16-17.1971.15p, 5fig, 1 tab, lOref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Animal behavior,
•Design criteria. Hogs, Training, Environmental
effects, Light intensity. Temperature, Photog-
raphy, Confinement pens, 'Odor.
Identifiers: Dunging behavior. Time-lapse photog-
raphy, Statistical analysis.
Each year in the United States, an increasingly
larger volume of hogs are produced in confine-
ment. Greater and greater emphasis is being placed
on the control of offensive odors. Pen and pig
cleanliness are important in odor control. Both are
largely dependent on defecation behavior and
fecei placement. A research project was initiated
to determine if pigs had a predictable defecation
pattern and what housing design factors might in-
fluence this behavior. Time-lapse photographic
observations on 180 pigs indicated that they spend
an average of 81.1 percent of each 24-hour period
sleeping, 7.6 percent standing, 10.0 percent eating,
0.9 percent drinking, and 0.4 percent defecating.
Tested for effect on the dunging behavior were 3
levels each of air temperature and lighting, and 3
locations of air placement When statistically
analyzed, the treatment differences were seldom
significant. The pigs developed some established
activity patterns, however, which provide a basis
for improved building design and sanitation. (Dor-
land-Iowa State)
0741 - A2, Bl, F2
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CON-
TROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM
LIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACILITIES
AND GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF
SEALED EVAPORATION AND RETENTION
PONDS.
Colorado Department of Health, Water Pollution
Control Commission, Denver, April 10,1968,11 p,
3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots, Confine-
ment pens, 'Colorado, Lagoons, Regulation,
•Water pollution control.
The Colorado Water Pollution Control Commis-
sion established rules for the prevention of water
pollution from livestock confinement facilities in
the state of Colorado. Guidelines established by
the commission are included. Some of them per-
tain to preliminary considerations, pond surface
area, pond storage volume, discharge and percola-
tion, and pond shape, pond fencing and main-
tenance, land disposal system, embankments and
dikes, pond bottom settling tank and biological
treatment. (Wallin-Iowa State)
0742 - A9, C4
INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS:
COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLA-
TION FROM FECES AND ORGANS OF BROOK
TROUT (SALVBUNUS FONTINALIS),
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Veterinary
Microbiology and Immunology.
C. Frantsi, and M. Savan.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, Vol. 28, No. 7, p 1064.1065,1971.1 tab, 4
ref.
Descriptors: *Fi*h diseases. 'Brook trout,
•Viruses, Trout, Fish, Bacteria. Fish hatcheries,
Fisheries, Pish management. Pollutant identifica-
tion.
Identifiers: 'Stress, Feces, Organs. Infectious
pancreatic, 'Necrosis virus.
When isolation of infectious pancreatic necrosis
(IPN) virus was attempted simultaneously from
feces and organs of brook trout, the virus was iso-
lated more frequently from organs than from
feces. However, the greater the degree of stress on
the fish, the closer the number of isolations from
feces appeared to approach that from organs, and
the virus was isolated from both organs and feces
of each of 10 fish accidentally exposed to tow ox-
ygen concentration for 4 days. The findings sug-
gest that masked viral and bacterial infections may
be detectable if fish are plaed under stress. (Dor-
land-Iowa State)
0743 - Bl, Fl
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMER-
CIAL FEEDLOTS IN KANSAS,
Kansas State Univ.. Manhattan. Cooperative Ex-
tension Service.
D. B. Ericksoa, and P. A. Phar.
Kansas State University, Cooperative Extension
Service. Number C-418, (April 1970). 30 p. 2 fig,
20 tab, 15 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Feed lots. Cattle.
Economics, Irrigation, Feeds, Runoff, Kansas,
Cost analysis.
Guidelines are provided on costs of financing and
constructing feedlots. The development of large
feedlots handling 10,000, 20,000 and 30.000 head
has been inspired by economic! of scale and very
favorable cattle and feed prices. The average in-
vestment for a 10,000 head capacity lot would be
about $43.15 per head, while for a 30,000 head
capacity lot the requirements drop to about S33.87
per head. The total feed and operating cost per
head for each size feedlot is: 10,000 head - $(5.36;
20,000 head - $83.89; 30,000 head - $82.24. The ex-
pansion of the large feedlots in Kansas will depend •
on the availability of feed, water, labor and cattle.
Some areas will have the capacity to expand faster
than others depending on existing grain production
and development of irrigation. Shipping grain a
considerable distance adds to cost of production.
Knowledge of the number of cattle and hogs to be
fed, crop production and the location of the mar-
ket that will return the greatest income to the cattle.
owners is necessary for an assessment of the local
potential for a feedlot. Expansion of the packing
industry areas where feeding is increasing creates
a greater opportunity for producers to sell their
cattle. (B undy-Iowa State)
0744 — Al, F3, F5
ANIMAL SLAUGHTER AND PRO-
CESSING,
National Industrial Pollution Control Council,
Washington, D. C.
S. S. Cross, H. W. Renaker.
Animal slaughtering and Processing National
Industrial Pollution Control Council, Sub-Coun-
cil Report February, 1971, 14 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm Wastes, "Industrial Wastes,
Air Contamination, Solid Wastes, Wastewater,
Regulation!, By-Products.
Identifiers: 'Rendering, Animal Processing
Wastes, Poultry and Animal Product*.
The United States poultry and animal products
Industries include approximately 7,500 establish-
ment*, The pollution problems of these Industrie!
cover the normal range of water, air, and
solid pollutants. Substances collected in the
process water include organic matter from
'blood, meat, or paunch contents, fats, oils,
grease, nutrients, and dissolved Inorganic solids.
The rendering industry considers objectionable
odors from edible and Inedible rendering opera-
tions as Its primary pollution problem. Ground
manure ii the principal solid waste from feed-
lot operations. New technology is needed to de-
velop* a standard water sampling procedure,
design a program to identify where nu-
trient losses are occurlng In processing opera-
tions, and design a program to study the ef-
fects of reduced water usage. The poultry and
livestock - based industries have long demon-
strated an awareness and a concern for envi-
ronmental problems and have voluntarily Initiated
programs to develop corrective procedures. Gov-
ernment policies should continue to encourage
and assist these Industries in the identification
and solution of major pollution problems.
(Schmitt - ISU).
0745 - F4
ANIMAL WASTES.
National Industrial Pollution Control Council,
Washington, D.C. Staff Report, February
1971.15 p.t fig, 2 tab, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Industrial wastes.
Flow control. Byproducts, Waste storage. Pollu-
tion abatement. Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: 'Animal processing wastes, Render-
ing.
Increased pollution from animal wastes is at-
tributable to two of the fundamental factors be-
hind most pollution problems - population in-
crease and the adoption of more efficient produc-
tion or processing methods. Farm animals produce
292
-------
over one billion tons of fecal waates and 400 mil-
lion tons of liquid excrement per year, with a
human population of BOD equivalent of over 2 bu-
Uon persons. Animal processing waates frequently
include blood, paunch contents, and clean-up
materials. Only about 40% of a beef animal
.lauahtered for human food is considered edible.
The rendering process, which Involves the cooking
of various types of carcass materials, is a signifi-
cant source of pollution. Remedial actions being
undertaken to deal with the animal waste problem
include construction of water diveraion structures
•round livestock feedlots and excrement collec-
tion in large storage tanks for later return to the
land Currently, research is under way to assess
the use of chicken Utter as • feed for ruminants.
Pollution control in the meat packing industry is
largely a matter of 'by-product recovery. Blood
recovery, paunch handling, edible rendering, in-
edible rendering, and clean-up are the five key
recovery processes. Completely enclosed animal
factories with complete control of inputs and out-
nuts are expected to become a reality in the not too
distant future. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0746 - D4, E3, Fl
RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY
Lake Tah'oc Area Council, Tahoe City, Calif.
O L Dugan.C.G.Golueke, and W.J.Oswald.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Voi.
44 No 3 p 432-440, March 1972, 3 fig, 2 tab. 9 ref.
EPA Grant 5R01 U100566-03.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Poultry, Nitrogen,
Laaoons, Pumping. Aerobic treatment. Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand.
Nutrients, 'Waste treatment, 'Algae, Costs.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Hydraulic manure
handling.
An integrated waste management system was
developed in which animal enclosure sanitation.
was integrated with waste treatment. It \vas a lar-
«e|y closed hydraulic system involving an anaero-
bic phase and an aerobic phase in which oxygena-.
Son could be accomplished either by the
nhotosynthetic activity of algae or by mechanical
aeration. When photosynthetic oxygenation was
used algae were harvested. The range of applica-
tion of the process is from small-scale to large-
scale operations. Algae reclamation would be.
practiced in large-scale operations and induced
aeration in smaller ones. An important operational
feature of the system is to keep the solids content
of the manure slurry to less than 3 percent, wet
weicht At concentrations of 3 percent or less, 70
oercent or more of suspended solids in manure
Hurries settle out of suspension in less than 30
min Pond depth should not exceed 12 in. (30.5
cm)! The indicated pond area per bird was 2 sq. ft.
(019 sq- 01.). An economic evaluation based on an
./•.muled system of 100,000 egg layers and the ap-
nlication of the low-loading, high-cost, and over-
Seiianed components used in the research in-
dicates that the waste-handling costs of the system
would be at the most, $0.02/dozen eggs. If the
value of the algal crop were credited to the opera-
tion the net waste-handling cost would be about
$0 01/dozen eggs. (Bundy-Iowa State)
perties, Control systems, Economic feasibility,
By-products, 'Feed lots. Cattle.
Identifiers: Population equivalents, Pollution
potential.
In the 32 leading cattle-feeding states there are
about 200,000 cattle feedlots. In 1967, the 22 mil-
lion cattle produced in these feedlots produced
about 200 million Ib/day (dry weight) of manure.
The control practices employed in a given region
or state may be necessary and effective in that
area but be unnecessary or ineffective in another,
area. The form of the wastes as they enter the en-
vironment may bear only a slight resemblance to
what they are like when fresh. The manure accu-
mulation on the feedlot surface is one waste-the,
runoff is another. The expressioifot animal waste
quantities in terms of human population
equivalents is very misleading, the important fac-
tor is the amount and characteristics of the materi-
al that actually enters the stream. The steps that
should be involved in solving feedlot waste
problems are: (1) Can the waste volume and/or
strength be reduced at the source. (2) Can the
physical,- chemical, and biological characteristics
of the waste be improved at the source. (3) Is it
possible and feasible to recover by-products from
the waste. (4) What systems will most economi-
cally accomplish the necessary degree of waste
control or treatment. Management of the manure
and the runoff are discussed. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0748 - A5, A6, C3, D4
THE ELIMINATION OF ODOUR FROM THE
EFFLUENT GASES OF CHICKEN MANURE
DRYING PLANT,
Loughborough Univ. of Technology (Ontario).
A. S. Hodgson.
Journal Agriculture Engineering Research, Vol.
16, No. 4, p 387-393, December 1971,3 fig, 1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor,
Dehydration, 'Drying, Feed, 'Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Pilot experiment. Waste gas.
Scrubber, Cyclone separator.
Practical means of reducing odor from a chicken
manure drying plant waste gas stream were in-
vestigated. The cause of the odor and possible
means of removal from the waste gas were stu-
died. Although odor removal was possible, the
cost is high. The problem should be considered
during the plant design stage. A chicken manure
drying plant must be designed initially with the
problem of effluent gas odor of primary im-
portance. For the plant studied, operation was
consistent with the operating manual. Recycle
rates were lower than expected which may in-
crease the odor problem. The odor in the gas
stream from the chicken manure plant is caused by
ammonium salts of carboxylic acids, free acids
and neutral material and possibly other material.
The drying of chicken manure must be accom-
plished in a system which does not produce gase-
ous effluent with strong odor. The ultimate result
of not considering the odor problem at the initial
design stage is to risk having the plant shut down
as a public nuisance. A closed system is probably
the only satisfactory method for overcoming this
problem. Modifications to a plant for odor removal
are difficult and expensive. (Bundy-Iowa State)
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Foaming, Rotor
aeration.
Laboratory tests on aeration of hog wastes in-
dicated that it might be feasible to develop an ox-
idation ditch in a confinement swine house. With
this method, self-cleaning slotted floors could be
used without objectionable gases and odors com-
ing from the gutter.- Eighty pigs averaging 120
pounds were used. The gutter was filled with tap
water, and 100 gallons of activated sludge from the
Urbana waste-treatment plant was added as an in-
oculum at the beginning of the test. The major
problem was foaming which began during the fifth
week of operation. On the basis of an electricity
rate of 2 cents per kilowatt hour, the power to
furnish the proper oxygen supply costs about a
half a cent per pig per day. During the second test,
a rotor with a 3/4-horsepower motor was used to
supply 0.9 pounds of oxygen per pig per day.
Foaming was not as serious as during the first test.
On the second test, an ammonia odor was very
evident in the building, and appeared to be coining
from the aerated waste. This odor subsided, how-
ever, during the ninth week and did not recur. Be-
fore the oxidation ditch can be unconditionally
recommended for swine confinement buildings,
several problems must be solved. The most im-
mediate of these is the control of foaming. (Bundy-
Iowa State)
0750 - D4
LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN
SOUTH DAKOTA.
South Dakota State Univ.. Brooltings. Dept. of
Civil Engineering.
J. N. Dornbush, and I. R. Andersen.
In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference,
19th, 1964, Part 1. p 317-325. 2 fig, 2 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Lagoons, Anaerobic
conditions, Aerobic conditions. Poultry,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen
demand, Ammonia, Nitrogen, 'South Dakota,
Waste water treatment
Identifiers: 'Dry solids, Volatile solids, Cages.
Current studies of lagoons in South Dakota have
elucidated some of the basic factors influencing
the design and operation of farm manure lagoons
in a northern climate. To serve as an economical
final method of disposal of farm manures, the
lagoons must maintain anaerobic biological action
and should be loaded on a volatile solids (VS) basis
as are other sludge digesters. A loading rate of five
to 10 Ibs of VS per 1,000 cu. ft. of lagoon volume
has been found satisfactory where winter condi-
tions result in storage of manures for prolonged
•periods. Mixing the lagoon contents to disperse
sludge deposits appears essential to avoid offen-
sive odors. An adequate water depth to facilitate
mixing is desirable and lagoon depths of five to
eight ft. warrant consideration. (Bundy-Iowa
State)
0751 - E3, F4
ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT
RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION,
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Au-
0747 - Bl
ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEEDLOT
WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R R. Dague.
In- Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference.
i«ih May 5-7, 1970, Purdue.University, Engineer-
in^ Extension Series No. 13*7, Part 1. p 25S-265. 1
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment.
•Design criteria, Runoff, Waste water disposal,
Waste water treatment, Waste disposal, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Biological pro-
0749 - AS, B2, D4
ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
Bnee ring,
. L. Day, J. C. Converse, and D. D. Jones.
Illinois Research, University of Illinois Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, p 16-17, Spring, 1968,4
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation, Aeration,
Hogs. Gases. Odors. Confinement pens. Am-
monia, 'Waste water treatment. Costs, Waste
4> Aprfl
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Swine, Cat-
tle, Feed fou/»Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Packing house wastes.
Livestock organic waste far exceeds the oraanic
waste output of the human population intte
Umted States. Livestock wasted tte converted
into a great resource but most waste management
research is concerned with humans However
some research has been done on using
293
-------
waste as a feed or feed component. Tests have
been made on the feeding of autoclaved poultry
manure (APW). cooked poultry manure (CPW).
and soybean meal (SBM) to wethers and steers.
Poultry manure has also been used indirectly for
chick feed. In Britain, the feeding of poultry
manure to sheep and cattle seems to have been
widely accepted. In addition to poultry, waste
management research has been carried out on pigs
and cattle. Dried pig feces have been inserted into
swine finishing rations and have been fed to swine.
Steer manure has been an acceptable component
of swine rations and in recent years has also been
used for cattle feeding. The feeding of steer
manure to cattle has proven satisfactory because it
(t) largely eliminated noxious accumulation of
manure in the feedlot, and (2) improved the effi-
ciency of the cow as a converter of feed to human
food. To avoid harvesting steer manure each day
to blend with the grain prior to feeding, the
wastelage concept was developed. Wastelage is
the conversion of feedlot manure into silage.
Manure may also be made useful for feed by yeast
fermentation or by lactic acid fermentation. (Bun-
dy-Iowa State)
0752 - Bl, Fl
ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SER-
VICE IN DESIGN OK FEEDLOT WASTE
MANAGEMENT FACILITIES,
Soil Conservation Service, Lincoln, Neb.
D. R. ValUcott.
(1970), 2 p.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Design criteria, Con-
struction costs. Cost sharing, •Standards, Runoff
Government supports.
Identifiers: *Feedlot runoff, 'Soil Conservation
Service, Runoff control.
The SoU Conservation Service works with fanners
and ranchers in the planning and installation of soil
and water conservation practices on their farms or
ranches and, since feedlot runoff control can be
effected by the installation of a system of conser-
vation practices, it comes within the scoop* of Soil
Conservation Service responsibility. Assistance to
the fanner or rancher comes from three sources:
the Extension Service, the Soil Conservation Ser-
vice, and the Agricultural Stabilization and Con-
servation Service for cost sharing where applica-
ble. The Soil Conservation Service has, based on
its knowledge in the design and performance of
certain conservation practices, prepared an En-
gineering Standard and Specification for what has
been termed 'Feedlot Runoff Control'. The stan-
dard has been prepared using what are considered
proven methods and procedures. It is anticipated
that improvements will be made as other methods
and procedures are proven to be sound. (Dorland-
lowa State)
0753 — E3, Fl
MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND
SOLD AT A PROFIT
Agricultural Extension Service. University ol
California, Los Angeles.
J. Van Dam, and C. A. Perry.
A Publication of the Dow Chemical Company,
The Practicing Nutrionlst, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp.
40 * 42.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feedlot, •cattle,
market value, waste disposal.
Identifiers: "Los Angeles County, Composting,
stockpiling, packing cost.
A study to determine the actual cost of removal
and disposal of manure from a bed feedlot
In Los Angeles County was made by the Agri-
cultural Extension Service, Manure was prepared
for marketing in three bade forms and sold un-
der four pricing conditions. Manure processing.
packaging and marketing began wltU the mound-
Ing of the manure In the corrals, followed by
its removal to a compose stockpile. Based on
the volumes of the different product forms
handled in the feedlot studied, the composted
unprocessed manure had the greatest market
potential. However, the processed bulk product
had the greatest net revenue based on net re-
turns, product form volumes and weighted aver-
age price, leu total costs. While this study was
not intended to determine the market for ma-
nure, It did determine that there was a market
(or various product forms - all within a com-
petitive price range, and it Is probable that
a feedlot operator can make a profit from
the sale of manure. (Bundy - ISU).
0754 - A3. Bl, Dl. El
WASTE WATERS FROM FARMS.
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Notes on Water Pollution No. 17, June, 1962,4 p,
Href.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Irrigation, 'Watte
disposal. Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen,
Biological treatment, 'Waste water treatment
Identifiers: 'Soakaways.
Disposal of waste waters from farms has become a
major problem as farmers have turned away from
bedding down animals. Methods of disposal sug-
gested include irrigation on land, soakaways,
discharge to a sewer, and biological treatment and
discharge to a stream. Silage liquor, herbicides,
and pesticides all create a disposal problem. Con-
sulting the local water quality authorities is usually
the best procedure before attempting to dispose of
liquors capable of water pollution. (Wattin-Iowa
State)
0755 - Bl, D4, E2
FEED LOT WASTE IN FLORIDA,
Orange County Pollution Control Dept., Orlando,
Fla.; and Soil Conservation Service, Orlando, Fla.
C. W. Sheffield, and B. Seville.
In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference,
25th, May 5, 6, and 7,1970. Purdue University En-
gineering Extension Series No. 137, Part 2, p 914-
918,1 fig.
Descriptors: 'Waste treatment, 'Biological treat-
ment, 'Waste disposal. Subsurface drains, Sprin-
kler irrigation, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic
digestion. Dairy industry. Cattle, Biochemical ox-
ygen demand, Turbidity, Retention, 'Farm
wastes, 'Feed lots. Costs.
Identifiers: Grit chambers, Polishing ponds, Sand
traps.
The problems associated with animal waste
disposal are becoming tremendous compared to
just a few years ago. An increased number of
animals has created a problem of wastes front
feedlots. It has been estimated that animal waste is
ten times that from human waste, or approximate-
ly 55 pounds of manure per person would be one
way of estimating the amount of manure from a
feedlot operation. Therefore, it could be assumed
that approximately two pounds per day of BOD as
runoff is associated per steer or cow. Various
methods of treating animal wastes from feedlot
operations were reviewed and the most practical
and economical means of treating the waste from
dairy and beef cattle was determined. Construc-
tion and maintenance costs for a waste treatment
facility for 800 dairy cows is presented. The treat-
ment method consists of a grit chamber followed
by an anaerobic pond, then an aerobic pond and a
polishing pond. The effluent is discharged through
a three to five acre sub-surface drain and a five
acre spray irrigation system. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0756 - Bl, F3
SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
D.G. Jedele, and D. L. Day.
Paper No. 69-934, presented at the 1969 Winter
Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers at Chicago, Illinois, 4 p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legal aspects,
•Design criteria, Hogs, Odor, Treatment facilities.
Water pollution. Water quality, Design standards.
Specifications. 'Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Odor control. Stream pollution,
Guidelines.
Producers of livestock are experiencing difficul-
ties in the design of waste treatment facilities.
These producers, motivated by a desire to avoid
lawsuits or a desire to be good neighbors, are hard
pressed to determine exactly how much treatment
and what type of treatment is needed to prevent
objectionable odors and stream and groundwater
pollution. Most references and guidelines contain
terms such as 'if you are not too close to your
neighbors' and 'they sometimes release objec-
tionable odors.' Producer! want to know such
things as how close is close and just how objec-
tionable are the objectionable odors. Producers
need to know their chances of being the object of a
lawsuit or producing runoff that will result in pol-
lution to water. Some type of guideline is needed
to tell a producer what type of treatment be needs
to satisfy his circumstances. (Dorland-Iowa State)
0757 — B2, C5. D4
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE
WASTE
Research Associate, University of Dllnoia, UP
bana.
R. L. Irgene, and D. L. Day.
In: Illinois Research, University of Illinois Ag-
ricultural Experiment Station. Fall IMS. pp.
14 - IS, 2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm Wastes. Aerobic Treatment,
Swine, Confinement Pens, Aeration, Biochemical
Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand.
ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, hydrogen Ion Con-
centration, Odor.
Identifier*: 'Moorman Swine Research Farm,
A laboratory investigation was made to deter-
mine: How well can swine waste, which Is
more concentrated than municipal waste, be
stabilized by aerobic treatment. How much
most the liquid manure be diluted to obtain
satisfactory results? How much air is required
for the process of aerobic stabilization? Aerobic
treatment of swine waste proved to be odor
free and did not attract flies. Carbon dioxide
was the only gas produced. The effluent had
a low BOD, 12 to 20 ppm which will not pollute
streams if discharged into them. Result! of
these experiments gave the following design
requirements for an aerobic treatment plant:
Volume In aeration tank or ditch — 6 cubic
feet per pig; quantity of air required — 2500
cubic feet per pound of BOD at 3 percent ef-
ficiency of oxygen utilization. In the laboratory
treatment system, results were more satisfac-
tory when small amounts of manure were added
dally than when large amounts were added
weekly or monthly. It was thus concluded that
odorless aerobic treatment could be integrated
with self-cleaning slatted floors so the pig ex-
creta would be deposited directly Into the treat-
ment plant. The manure collection gutters could
lie connected at the ends to make a continuous
channel and an aerator would keep the solids
suspended, circulate the liquid manure, and add
the necessary oxygen. Faculties to field • test
this method are being constructed. (Bundy-ISU).
0758 - B2, Dl, El, F3
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE
FEEDLOT WASTE, "*
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock.
R.C.Albin.
Journal of Animal Science, VoL 32. No. 4 Anril
1971.p803-«10.2tab,7lref. ' *'Ap™
Descriptors: •Farm wastes. 'Feed lot*, Cattle
Water pollution. Biochemical oxygen demand
•Waste disposal, 'Oxidation lagoon*. »WMte
294
-------
water treatment.
Identifiers: Liquid handling systems. Anaerobic
lagoons.
The exponential expansion of cattle feeding in the
United States during the last decade has created
many challenges, among which are the handling
and disposal of a by-product, feedlot waste. It can
be categorized as solid or semi-solid waste and ru-
noff water for most feedlots, or as a liquid suspen-
sion from confined feeding operations. The chemi-
cal and pollutional characteristics are variable.
Numerous handling and disposal systems are
available for management of cattle feedlot waste.
The disposal system for a commercial feedlot
could be characterized as a function of several
parameters, such as climate, type of ration and
cattle, feedlot surface, and cattle and human popu-
lation densities, with the solution stated in
economic equivalents. Final disposal of feedlot
waste has been on the land in most instances. The
oxidation ditch and a combination of aerobic and
anaerobic systems offer possibilities. Socio-indus-
try relationships might require ultimate disposal of
runoff and effluent into streams with dehydration
and/or incineration of the solid waste. Use of
feedlot waste as a resource material often un-
limited possibilities as a conservation approach to
feedlot waste management. The need for research
in feedlot waste management is urgent. Critical
evaluation* of handling and disposal systems for
cattle feedlot waste are needed in the areas of land
use, socio-legal-industry relationships, environ-
mental pollution, conservation and economics.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0759 - A2, Bl, Cl
STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT RU-
NOFF
Kama's State Dept. of Health, Topeka. Environ-
mental Health Services.
J. L. Mayes, S. M. Smith, and J. R. Miner.
Piper presented at the Fourteenth Annual Con-
ference on Sanitary Engineering, University of
Kansas, Lawrence, January 8,1964. 24 p, 4 fig, 8
tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots, Kansas,
Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical
oxygen demand, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Fishkill,
Cattle, •Agricultural runoff, 'Water pollution
soured, 'Water pollution effects.
During the investigation of water pollution com-
plaints and fiih kills, the Kansas State Department
< of Health has found animal feedlot runoff to be the
cause of a number of water pollution problems.
The principal problems have occurred in water
courses below feedlots where large numben of
farm animals, primarily cattle, are concentrated in
feeding areas. Water pollution studies of streams
polluted with feedlot runoff indicate that the t<-
noff ii characterized by a high biochemical oxygen
demand, high ammonia content, and heavy bac-
terial populations. The pollution problem is inter-
mittent since it occurs during the following runoff,
but it causes a severe slugging effect on the
stream. Serious depletion of the dissolved oxygen
content of the stream may occur, especially if the
stream ii small or the waste load is large. Present
knowledge does not allow a quantitative prediction
of the degree of pollution that can be expected
from a given feedlot operation on a given occa-
sion. This seems to be dependent upon a variety of
factors such as the size of the lot; (he cleanliness
of the lot when runoff occurs; general topography
of the area and the location of the lot with respect
to receiving waters; the amount of rainfall, its in-
tensity and pattern within the drainage basin; the
size of the receiving stream and the pollution con-
trol measures in use. (Bundy-Iowa State)
HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EF-
FECTS ON GESTATING SWINE.
Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Still-
water.
G. W. A. Mahoney, I. T. Omtvedt, D. F. Stephens,
E. J. Turman, and R. Edwards.
Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the
Southwest Region, American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, April 3-5, 1968, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, 14 p, 3 fig, 3 tab, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Confinement pens,
•Swine, Ventilation, Cooling, 'Temperature, 'En-
vironmental control.
Identifiers: 'Slotted floor, Farrowing, Control
chamber.
The objectives were to investigate the effect of
high ambient temperatures on swine prior to
breeding and during gestation on the cstrual cycle,
conception rate and subsequent embryo survival;
to attempt to determine the 'critical' periods of
temperature stress prior to breeding and during
gestation for subsequent testing; and to evaluate
the performance of the environmental chambers
constructed for this study. There was a definite
tendency toward reduced corpora lutea, fewer via-
ble embryo, lower survival rates and smaller emb-
ryos for the gilts in the heat stress chamber. The
differences were significant (p < 0.05) for reduced
viable embryo and survival rates for gilts stressed
1-15 days postbreeding. Rectal temperatures were
significantly higher for gilts in the heat chamber.
Also, six gilts, of the 32 in Trials 1 and 11. died due
to heat prostration. The environmental chambers
performed satisfactorily but needs some modifica-
tion and improved instrumentation and controls.
Humidity controls are needed to effects of en-
vironment with various high humidities and tem-
peratures can be investigated. Present modifica-
tions of the heating system are currently in
progress and should result in better control of high
temperatures and result in more uniform tempera-
lure, rather than the present 6 degrees variation, or
plus or minui 3 degrees above and below 102
degrees F. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0762 - F4
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
POLLUTION ABATEMENT.
Proceedings International Symposium on
Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22. 1971, American Society of Agricultural En-
gineers, St. Joseph, Michigan, 1971, ASAB Publi-
cation PROC-271,360p.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, Economics,
Drying, 'Aerobic treatment. Runoff. Cattle,
Swine, Poultry, Dust, 'Aerobic lagoons. Hydrau-
lic structures, Water pollution control, Waste
water treatment, Waste disposal, 'Pollution abate-
ment.
Identifiers: •Solid-liquid separation. Canada. Eu-
rope, 'Anaerobic lagoons.
The proceedings of the International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes includes approximately 100
papers. The topics include waste disposal systems,
beef feedlot systems, legal and administrative con-
siderations, characteristics, hydraulic transport,
composting, drying, economics, aerobic treatment
and storage, land disposal, refeeding. and solid-
bqnid separation. Contributions were received
from Canada and Europe, as weU as the United
States. Each paper attempted to demonstrate
techniques that allow the coordination of various
waste treatment units Into workable systems.
Research of more than 200 scientists from 30
states and 9 nations was reported. Some ware
rather novel approaches that might be several
years from acceptance and others an modifica-
tions of known technology with good prospects for
more Immediate acceptance.
(Buady-Iowa State)
0763 - F3, F4
ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAU-
TIFUL,
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
N.D.Bayley.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livest- jk Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p. 6-7.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Confinement pens,
Odors, Nutrients, Pathogens, Waste disposal.
Economics, 'Research priorites.
Along with the moving of animals from open range
to confinement pens came waste management
problems including odors, nutrients, and disease.
All of these should be managed in such a way to
make America more beautiful and a better place to
live. The highest item on research priorities should
be to find more and better ways to dispose of or-
ganic wastes on land. The next priority should be
to control odors from wastes. Very little is known
about this problem. A third priority for research
should be to look at the entire technology required
to deal with animal wastes. This would include
starting with the feed produced for the animal to
the disposal of the animal waste. Research must be
able to evaluate all costs and benefits - tangible
values such as outdoor recreaction and fish and
wildlife enhancement, secondary benefits that are
to some extent quantifiable, such as benefits to the
economy - local, regional, or natural and intangible
benefits we have not always considered, such as
the preservation of natural beauty.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0764 - F3
FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMALS
AGRICULTURE,
Ohio State Univ. Columbia. Coll of Agrigulture
and Home Economics,
R. M. Kottman, and. R. E. Oeyer.
'i: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971,p.9-18, Utah.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Economics, Income,
Agriculture, Livestock, Poultry.
Identifiers: Diet-health relationships.
The opportunity for U .S. animal agriculture to pro-
vide larger supplies of all animal products during
the next 30 years offers an exciting challenge.
United States animal agriculture will however,
face stiff competition from other food sources, but
such competition will assist the U.S. animal
agriculture by forcing it to remain progressive. To
remain competitive, United States livestock and
poultry producers, as well as processors of animal
products are chaDenged to: (1) produce continually
higher quality products on the farm with greater
eficiency; (2) develop and implement dramatic
new methods to control pollution and to utilize
waste resources; 0) develop new, low-cost, con-
venient and tasty foods from animal sources; (4)
encourage expansion of research designed to
eliminate current unknowns regarding diet-health
relationships; (5) DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT
NEW AND GREATLY EXPANDED PRO-
GRAMS TO EDUCATE CONSUMERS AS TO
THE HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL PROPER-
TIES OF ANIMAL FOODS; (6) substantially in-
crease industry-wide consumer marketing pro-
grams, especially zeroing in on the markets foi
protein, calcium, iron and other animal-derived
nutrients essential to human growth and health.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0765 - F3
ROLR OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF
AGRICULTURE IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT.
National Association of State Departments of
295
-------
Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
S.Cath.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceeding! International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p. 21-22.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Federal Govern-
ments, "State Governments, 'Local Govern-
ments, Regulation, Control, Research priorities,
Waste disposal.
State Departments of Health, Agriculture, and En-
vironmental Protection, and Livestock Sanitary
Commissions are some of the agencies that put
regulations and control on cattle, bog, sheep, and
poultry operations. The National Association of
State Departments of Agriculture, at their 1969
convention, in resolution form, urged that the
Secretary of Agriculture and the land-grant univer-
sities give a higher priority to waste disposal and
requested the Congress to provide additional
funds to carry out the necessary research. Also,
the State and Local Governments must develop
methods to prevent farm-urban confrontation on
the waste and pollution problem. In the practical
sense however, good regulatory enforcement of
livestock waste disposal can only proceed as fast
as the results of good research. Regulatory en-
forcement should never exceed the state of the art.
Livestock industries should not have to cope with
tnfair regulatory demands that cannot be met.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0766 - F4
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL
SOCIETY TOWARD URGENT SOCIAL
PROBLEMS,
Texas A and M Univ. College Station. Dept.. of
Agricultural Engineering.
R. E. Stewart.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p. 23-24. P
Descriptors: 'Technology, Engineering, Air pollu-
tion, 'Social needs, Environment, Urbanization.
Identifiers: 'American Society of Agricultural En-
gineers, 'Profesiional societies.
Today is an age of growing doubt and mistrust of
technology. Many of the benefit! technology has
brought to the West (and they are many) are being
downgraded by the increasing concern over pollu-
tion, ugly environment, exploited resources, and
disregard of human values. The engineer is in-
creasingly cast in the role of a mindless villain for
whom efficiency is measured only by dollar profits
and losses. The dilemma, as it appears to be posed
for the American. Society of Agricultural En-
gineers (ASAE) and the community of agricultural
engineers, is examined from the two viewpoints of
urbanization and environmental quality; both of
these factors represent urgent contemporary so-
cial problems. ASAE could help to reduce the
urban crisis by turning massive attention to rural
development, including redeployment of industry
into the countryside. ASAE could help to solve the
environmental problems by increased zeal in
working with the public on chemical pesticides,
wastes recycling, soil erosion, and wiser exploita-
tion of natural resources. Such effort must be sup-
ported'by the will of the people, as expressed
through the public budgets. The benefits of such
work should be at least equal to those derived
from the mighty efforts applied to outer space.
Moreover, this can be done without sacrifice of
any capacity for food production.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0767 - Bl, F3
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER,
N.H. Curry.
In: Livestock Waste Managmement and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p. 25-26.
Descriptors: 'Federal government. State govern-
ments. Budgeting, Design. Engineering,
•Research and Development, 'Planning, 'Pro-
jects, 'Project planning. Facilities, Bids.
Identifiers: Contractors.
The normal steps in the development process -
from project conception to new facilities operation
- for institutionally or corporately-owned research
and demonstration installations, as well as privat-
ley or corporately-owned waste treatment and
handling units used in production operations.
Some predictable problems and pitfalls are
discussed. Due to the long process of develop-
ment, many changes may be anticipated as the
project plans develop. These include: (1) a general
upgrading of the proposed quality of construction
and the incorporation of more sophisticated equip-
ment; (2) a better relation of the project facility
design with the statistical design and operational
procedures of the proposed experiments, or an im-
proved solution to practical problems in a produc-
tion facility (the time delay is not all bad); (3)
changes in research, administrative, and elective
official personnel; (4) project expansion or
development of interdisciplinary programs; (5)
continued construction cost inflation; (() competi-
tion for funds with other projects; (7) a tendency
of administrators in dealing with state legislatures
or congress to 'horse trade', or drop smaller pro-
jects in order to assure obtaining the 'big ones.'
This is not necessarily bad from an overall stand-
point - few administrators are promoted for think-
ing small - but this is faint consolation to the in-
dividual or group badly in need of a new facility.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0768 - D2
SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF
LIVESTOCK WASTES: A TECHNICAL AND
ECONOMICAL REVIEW,
H.O.Scholz.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p. 27-29,5 fig, 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biological treatment,
Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion, Swine,
•Dehydration, Drying, Liquid wastes. Poultry,
Wattes water treatment, Economics.
Identifiers: 'Humus manure.
Both biological decomposition and incineration-
result into a final product which ii not marketable.
On the other hand, dehydration followed by pul-
verization of livestock wastes offers the possibili-
ty of a product which can be bagged and sold as
soil amendment. It it even possible, under Europe-
an conditions, to have the returns from such a
system redeem the capital and operating cost of
the plant. Such a system has been designed and is
in operation in Europe. In this system, wastes are
homogenized and then conveyed to a rotary drum
drier. Moisture is removed, and the dried material
is conveyed to a cyclone and baged. Flue gas is
scrubbed by pumping fresh liquid manure from the
building into a vertnri scrubber. Manure, heated
through contact with the flue gas, falls, into a
storage tank which is also used to aid in reducing
the moisture content of the manure. The contents
of the tank are mixed thoroughly to increase the
evaporation surface area of the liquid. This mixing
also helps homogenize the manure before it is
pumped into the rotary drum. Wastes from
poultry, dairy cattle and swine need be treated dif-
ferently before the drying takes place. Different
designs incorporating such pretreatments are
described and illustrated with photos.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0769 - Bl, E2
A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES,
Florida Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Univ.,
Gainesville.
R. A. Nordstedt, H. J. Barre, and E. P. Taiganides.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p. 30-33,6 fig. 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Computer models.
Mathematical model. Waste storage, 'Waste
disposal. Optimization, Nutrients, Model studies,
•Scheduling.
Identifiers: 'Manure spreading. Tank wagon, For-
tran IV Language.
A model was developed for optimizing and studing
long-term scheduling decisions for removing
livestock wastes from storage and spreading them
on agricultural lands. The storage and land
disposal system was modeled as a multistage deci-
sion process. Dynamic programming techniques
were used to find the optimal disposal schedules
(time and quantities). The maximum quantity
which can be disposed in each time period is con-
strained by storage capacity, quantity of waste
generated and land area available for spreading the
wastes. An important feature of this model is that
most parameters are permitted to be functions of
time. Transport vehicle capacity, operation times,
and cost of labor are not as significant as fixed
storage cost, but they were sufficiently important
to merit consideration in the design and operation
of the system. Land availability and nutrient effec-
tiveness (as compared to inorganic fertilizers) as a
function of time were also significant. The model
is sufficiently flexible /or use as a decision tool in
the design of operational systems as well as for use
as a simulation tool in studying storage and land
disposal systems. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0770 - Bl
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
THE CONSERVATION PLAN,
Soil Conservation Service, Washington. D. C. En-
gineerincering Div.
C. E. Fogg.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p. 34-35,2 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Aerobic lagoons,
Liquid wastes, Federal Governments. Local
Governments, State Governments, Oroundwater,
Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand. Irrigation
systems, 'Waste disposal. Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: Anaerobic lagoons. Health agencies.
Waste management systems must provide for
utilization or disposal of livestock wastes without
pollution or surface or ground waters and without
objectionable odors. A sound system should (1)
divert clean water away from areas where
livestock waste* are concentrated, (2) provide
controlled drainage of runoff from such areas, (3)
PREVENT LEACHING OF CONTAMINANTS
INTO GROUND WATER, (4) collect polluted ru-
noff; and (5) treat or safely dispose of collected ru-
noff. Solid manure should be removed and
stockpiled until it can be taf ely spread on the land
or deposited in the land. Liquid manure resulting
from many dairy, swine and poultry operations as
well as polluted runoff from concentrated
livestock areas can often be disposed of by a water
spreading or irrigation system utilizing the soil and
plant cover for treatment. Nutrients in such wastes
are used by the plants or tied up in the soil pro-
vided amounts applied an kept within recom-
mended limits. Aerobic and anaerobic lagoons
used singularly or in combination often provide at
least partial treatment of liquid manure wastes.
296
-------
They are usually supplemented by application of
the effluent to the land by land spreading or irriga-
tion. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0771 - Bl, F4
TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CON-
CEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN
CZECHOSLOVAKIA,
Vyzkumny Uitav Zemedelske Techniky, Repy (C-
zechoilovakia).
M. Velebil.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p. 36-38,4 fig.. 2 tab., 1 chart.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Litter, 'Waste
disposal. Cleaning, Hogs, Economics.
Identifiers: 'Czechoslovakia, Barn cleaning,
'Slatted floor.
The technology and techniques of handling swine
and dairy manure are discussed. Results of labora-
tory and field research and experimentation,
theoretical analyses and conceptions, and
economical evaluations are included. Manure
removal from the stables and its application on the
field are described. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0772 - B2
A LAND RECYCLING LIQUID MANURE
SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINE-
MENT OPERATION IN A COLD CLIMATE,
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa (Ontario). En-
gineering Research Service.
f! E. Turnbull. F. R. Hore, and M. FeUmaa.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p. 39-43.2 fig., 6 tab.. 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Water pollution, Con-
finement pens. Odor, Cattle, Liquid waste. Air
pollution. Water reuse.
Identifiers: Sluice-gate recirculation system,
Plow-cover injector system.
A full-scale liquid manure system is described for
the confined housing of approximately MM dairy
cattle, 1,500 sheep, and 40,000 poultry situated on
• 2,800 acre animal research site adjacent to subur-
ban housing near the city of Ottawa. The system is
baaed on the established practice of recycling
animal wastes to cropland. Through design,
planning and management, the system cornea very
close to meeting presently accepted criteria for the
control of water, air and soil pollution. The system
contains a total of six-months storage capacity to
avoid the potential for water pollution from winter
land application of manure. Waste removal from
trench storage in cattle and sheep bams is assured
by uae of the European hydraulic flushing system,
and conventional scraping is used for poultry.
Manure ii held in storage under quiescent, low
odor conditions. When manure is agitated (or
removal from storage, some odor is produced at
the building site and a nuisance potential is
created. However, site planning makes this poten-
tial problem practically non-existent since
adequate space separation between the bams and
surrounding neighbors was provided. Enclosed
tankers control odors during transport and by ap-
plying the principle of rapid soil cover of manure,
• relatively odor-free method of land disposal is
achieved. The development of an inexpensive
hooded tanker outlet which directs manure
downward in a four-foot wide swath allows a trac-
tor and plow to straddle and cover the manure in
severs! seconds. Manure application rates do not
exceed presently accepted levels for soil pollution
control. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0773 - A2, C2, C3, C"4, C5
MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF
FEEDLOTS W*STIC FROM COMMERCIAL
South Dakota State Univ., Brooking!. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
J. M. Madden, and I. N. Dornbush.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement. Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p. 44-47,2 fig., 6 tab., 4 ret.
Descriptors: -Farm wastes, Feed lots. Runoff.
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen
demand. Phosphate, Cattle. "South Dakota, Path
of pollutants.
The objectives were to (1) determine the quantity
and quality of runoff from livestock feeding opera-
tions in South Dakota, (2) to relate the above infor-
mation to hydrological and geological considera-
tions in order to appraise the overall influence of
this runoff on specific beneficial uses of receiving
water. (3) determine the influence of spring runoff
as it occurs in northern climates, and (4) determine
the pollutions! characteristics attributable to the
suspended matter in the feedlot runoff in order to
extrapolate the effectiveness of proposed lagoon-
ing methods of treatment. Measurements have
been made on four commercial sired feedlots for
two years and an additional two lots for one year.
Runoff has been quantified and composite and
grab samples have been analyzed to determine the
BOD, COD, dissolved and suspended solids.
nitrogen forms, and phosphate content. The
results have been used in the development of
feedlot regulations and engineering standards for
the control of feedlot runoff. Suggestions are also
being made as to the type of treatment and
management practice which will reduce the pollu-
tion potential. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0774 - A2, B2, Cl
MANAGEMENT OF BARNLOT RUNOFF TO
IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
Center. Wooster.
W. M. Edwards, P. W. Chichester. and L. L.
Harrold.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p. 48-50,5 fig., 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Sprinkler irrigation.
Runoff, Chemical analyses, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Nitrogen, Phosphorus. Water quality.
Identifiers: 'Biological analyses.
Quality of runoff from a small sloping barnlot is
related to that of the larger farmland watershed of
which the barnlot is a 0.005 part Livestock waste
was allowed to enter the stream system for a two
year period, during which time the rate, volume,
and quality of runoff was measured at the barnlot
and downstream site. During the third year, barn-
lot runoff was diverted into a temporary storage
pit and subsequently distributed through a sprin-
kler system onto nearby pasture land. Under these
conditons no effluent from the barnlot was al-
lowed to enter the stream system. Continued
hydrologic and quality evaluations defined the ef-
fect of the barnlot runoff disposal system on
downstream water quality. Chemical and biologi-
cal analyses of runoff samples were made to relate
water quality to hydrologic performance. BOD
values for barnlot samples ranged from 10 to 420
mg/1 as compared to <1 to 40 mg/1 for stream
samples taken at the watershed outlet Concentra-
tions of nutrients (mg/1) in the liquid phase of the
barnlot runoff ranged from 10 to 70 total N, <1 to
1J N03 (-)-N. <1 to 30 NH4 (+)-N. 5 to 60 organic
N, and I to 10 P. Concentrations associated with
the 0.1 to 1.3% w/v solid material separated from
the runoff samples were <1 to 150 ppm N03 (-)-N.
100 to 2.000 ppm NH4 (+)-N, 10.000 to 40,000
ppm organic N, and 300 to 1,200 ppm P.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0775 - A2, Bl, C3
TEANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOP-
ING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY
RAINFALL INTENSITY, DURATION, AND
RECURRANCE.
Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebr. Soil
and Water Conservation Research Div.
N. P. Swanson, L. N. Mielke, I. C. Lorimor.T. M.
McCalla, and I. R.Ellis.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
• on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p. 51-55,4 fig., 4 tab.,» ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots. Runoff,
Cattle, Microorganisms, Rainfall, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, E. Coli, Bacteria, Fungi, Colifonn,
Crops, Path of pollutants,'Central U.S.
Identifiers: Rainfall simulator.
The pollution of surface waters by cattle feedlot
runoff is of serious concern in the midwestern
United States. Pollutants are transported in solu-
tion, in suspension, and as bedloads by feedlot ru-
noff. The pollutants may be chemicals, microor-
ganisms, organic materials, and soil sediments.
Research on a feedlot instrumented for continuing
runoff measurement and sampling, and research
using a rainfall simulator on runoff plots on 8- and
13-percent slopes in another feedlot indicate that
the pollution potential is not a direct function of
only the yield of runoff. In one experiment on an
8-percent slope, a simulated rain of 2.8 inches per
hf • provided runoff with initial rates of loss per
acre per hour of 4680 Ibs. of total solids, 1160 Ibs.
volatile solids, 11.6 Ibs. phosphorus, and 64.9 Ibs.
of organic nitrogen. Both the chemical contents of
runoff (conductivity, total N, NH4N, NO3N, and
COD) and the volume of solids decreased with
continuing runoff. Runoff samples contained ap-
preciable numbers of E. coli, Enterococci, total
bacteria, fungi, bacilli, and clostridium. Higher in-
tensities of rainfall provide added energy for in-
creased detachment and transport of solids which
adds to the pollution potential of each unit of ru-
noff. The chemical content of feedlot runoff is
compared with analyses of runoff from cropland
recently published by other researchers in the mid-
western U nited States. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0776 — Bl, Cl, C5
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANURE AC-
CUMULATIONS REMOVED FROM
OUTDOOR, UNPAVED, BEEF CATTLE
FEEDLOTS.
Agricultural Engineer, Lincoln, Nebraska.
C. B. Gilbertson, T. M. McCalla, J. R. Ellis,
and W. R. Woods.
Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University,
April 19 - 22, 1971. p. 56 - 59. 6 fig., 4 tab.,
8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle. Feedlots.
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen
demand, Nitrogen.
Identifiers: -Nebraska Field Laboratory, Unpaved
feedlots.
Manure management Is a necessary practice for
beef feedlot operators unless area provided per
animal Is great enough to eliminate significant
manure buildup on the feedlot surface. A study
was initiated in 1968 to determine the effect of
surface slope and cattle density on the quantity
and quality of manure accumulation on outdoor
beef feedlots. New feedlots with 3, 6, and 99fc
slopes were completed In July, 1968. Cattle were
placed In each pair of lots at densities of 100
and 200 sq. ft. per head. Results have shown
that considerable soil was mixed with accumu-
lated manure by normal cattle movement with-
in the lot. Dry matter removed from the lots
297
-------
averaged 2.3 times more for cattle densities of
100 iq. ft. per Head than for lots with cattle
densities of 200 sq. ft, per bead. Fcedlot dope
appeared to have little effect on the amount of
material removed. Approximately 30% of the
total solida removed was volatile. BOD and
COD values were highly variable. Further, each
ton of dry matter removed contained 24 to 34
pound) of N, (Bundy-Iowa State).
0777 - Al, B3, 01, El
FEEDLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A
DESERT CLIMATE,
California Univ., Davii. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
S. R. Morriion, O. P. Lofgreen, and T. E. Bond.
In: Liveitock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Liveitock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p. 60-61,2 fig., 2 Ub., 8 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Odor, Duit, Nitrogen,
Lagoon, Sludge disposal, Evaporation, Aerated
lagoons, Sprinkler irrigation.
Identifiers: 'Anaerobic lagoon, Imperial Valley
(Calif).
Manure management problem are somewhat dif-
ferent in deiert climate* from those in regioni with
higher rainfall, and in tome retpecti are leu
severe lince runoff it not likely to cadte itream
pollution. More utual problem! are impairment of
human environment due to duit, odors, and flies;
manure disposal without available cropland; and
cattle performance impaired by muddy lots in
winter and heat and dust in summer. To overcome
these problems in the Imperial Valley of California
a system using slatted floors, anaerobic pits, aera-
tion lagoons, and a sludge disposal area is under
investigation. Initial tests were done to determine
the effect of loading rate on decomposition of or-
ganic matter and nitrogen, and the surface area
required for evaporation of liquid wastes. Two
210-day tests have been completed using standard
feedlot practice* and animal* on a 90 percent con-
centrate ration. Reduction of organic matter
generally increased with decreasing loading rate,
with about 70 per cent being lost at 0X123
Ib/dsy/ft3. About 30 per cent of the nitrogen was
removed at this loading rate. A surface area of 50
sq. ft. per animal was sufficient to evaporate the
water from the waste. The cattle performed
satisfactorily on the slatted floors, which had also
functioned well in tests of a sprinkling system for
heat-stress relief. (Bundy-IowaState)
0778 - Cl, E2
LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT
TASTES,
:: I«M State Univ., Manhattan. Dept of Agricul-
":-:.- Engineering.
:-:. L Ifanges, I,A.Schmid,andL. S.Murphy.
: : Lfrestock Waste Management and Pollution
: ,: sent, Proceeding* International Symposium
. -. istock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
: 197l,p.«2-65,4fig.,l tab..4ref.
r .:;/ ptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Feed lots, Ru-
r:.:u, Lagoon, Rainfall, Nitrogen, Phosphorui,
C:.", Irritation, Chemical oxygen demand, Crop
.-^spouse.
Identifiers:'Pratt Feed lot.
The objective* an 1) to characterize itormwater
runoff from a feedlot, 1) to characterize manure
generated in a feedlot, and 3) to determine the in-
fluence of different lagoon water and manure
loading* on the soil, stormwater runoff from the
disposal area, and com yields. Analyses of runoff
from rainfall have shown a COD of 4,000 to 10,000
mg/1, nitrogen of 100 to (00 ppm., phosphorus of
40 to 500 ppm. and total salts of 5,000 to 6,000
ppm. Analyses are being mad* to determine the
concentration of other cations. Runoff from snow-
melt ha* had a pollution load several times that
from rainfall. During 1970, corn was grown on
plots which received 0, 2, 4, S, and 16 inches of
lagoon water. Each plot was replicated 4 times and
irrigated with wen water as needed. Forage com
yields were measured. During 1970, corn also was
grown on plots on which manure was plowed
down at rates of 0,10,20,40, 80,160, and 320 tons
per acre. Each plot was replicated four times and
irrigated with well water. The manure was relative-
ly high in nitrogen, calcium, iron and potassium
with lesser amounts of magnesium, phosphorus,
sodium and zinc. Plant population decreased as
rate of manure application increased. Forage
yields increased as rate of manure application in-
creased up to 10 tons per acre. Above 80 tons
manure per acre, com yield* were depressed.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0779 - B2. El
EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTE
MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES,
Oklahoma State Univ., Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering. Stillwater.
A. F. Butchbaker, I. B. Carton, 0. W. A.
Mahoney, and M. D.. Paine.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceeding* International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22 1971, p. 66-69,6 fig.. 2 tab., 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pacific Northwest
U.S., Waste treatment, Waste disposal. Cattle,
•Feed lots, Confinement pens, Runoff, Design,
Costs, 'Design criteria. Southwest U.S., Central
U.S., Computer programs.
Identifiers: Southern High Plains, Liquid flush
system, Slotted floor.
The objectives were: (1) to develop beef feedlot
design criteria to minimize pollution from runoff-
carried wastes and to facilitate handling of solid
and liquid animal waste*, and (2) to examine alter-
native beef feedlot waste disposal systems to ob-
tain minimum cost systems for effective waste
disposal Waste handling system* for beef feeding
operations were observed in the upper Midwest,
Southern High Plains, desert Southwest, and
Pacific Northwest The systems studied included:
slurry, solid, and runoff-carried waste handling
systems. The ultimate disposal of the waste
material was considered for each system. The
design criteria developed represents the state of
the art for most design considerations for confine-
ment feeding facilities and open feedlot facilities.
The results are presented in terms of flow dia-
grams and graphs comparing the various systems.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0780 - Bl, C5
THE WASTE PATTERN OF BEEF CATTLE ON
SLATTED FLOORS,
Agricultural Research Service, St Paul, Minn.
Livestock Engineering and Farm Structure*
Research Branch.
R. 0. Hegg, and R. B. Larson.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971 p. 70-72,2 fig., 4 tab..«ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastei, Cattle, Confinement
pens, Oxidation lagoons. Water pollution, Aerated
lagooai, Path of pollutants.
Identifier!: •Slatted floor*. High energy ration.
The distribution of waste* from beef cattle on a
slatted floor with respect to the location of the
feeding are* and the watering area was deter-
mined. Seven trial* wen run to determine the
waste pattern on a slstted floor over an oxidation
ditch at the University of Minnesota Experiment
Station at Rosemonnt, Minnesota. The tint four
trial* (MV) wen ran with the self-feeder and
watenr along the same tide of the flatted floor
, area. Trials (V-VII) were run with a waterer
against the wall opposite the self-feeder. Trials I
through IV show that approximately 60% of the
urine and 60% of the fecal matter were collected
on the half of the floor that was nearest the feeder
and the waterer. Moving the waterer to the op-
posite wall for trials V-VII changed the urine pat-
tern such that 62% of the liquid was collected on
that half of the floor nearest the new location of
the waterer. The fecal pattern also changed but not
to the extent that the urine pattern changed The
average daily collection of total dry solids ranged
from 3.1 to 5.2 Ibs/animal. The average total liquid
collected each day ranged from 1.3 gallons to over
4 gallons/animal The trials indicate that placing
the waterers and feeders in one area of the con-
finement unit tends to concentrate the wastes in
that area. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0781 - Bl, Dl
ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREAT-
MENT SYSTEMS,
D. D. Schulte, and R. C. Loehr.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University. April
19-22,1971. p. 73-76.9 fig.. 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Model studies,
Aerated lagoons, Phosphorus, Biochemical ox-
ygen demand. Water consumption, Waste treat-
ment. Ducks (Domestic), 'Dynamic programming.
Mathematical models.
In order to establish a rational basis upon which al-
ternative duck farm waste water treatment
systems could be evaluated, a mathematical model
was developed. This model provided a structure in
which the effect of the following items on the total
annual cost of wastewater treatment could be con-
sidered: (a) capital costs of land aad equipment;
(b) interest and amortization rate*; (c) operating
costs of equipment and chemical costs; (d) treat-
ment requirements for BOD, phosphorus, and
suspended solids; (e) treatment system design; and
(f) operational decision* inch as water use rate and
duck population. The efficiencies of three treat-
ment alternative*, (plain sedimentation, chemical
precipitation, and aerated Ugooni), wen
established through bench scale tests aad from
mathematical equations and published informa-
tion. Application of this model to a particular duck
farm demonstrated the feasibility of using analyti-
cal model* for agricultural waste management In-
formation avaialable from this kind of approach
provides a sounder basis for decision making. The
remits of this project, which wa* completed in
June of 1970, will be uied a* an example of how
mathematical models can be applied to problem*
of agricultural waste management.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0782 - A4, D4
MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR
TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE,
Florida Univ., Oaussville. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R. A. Norditedt, L. B. Baldwin, and C. C.
Hortenitine.
In: Liveitock Wests Management and PoUntioa
Abatement, Proceeding* International Sympoiium
on Livestock Wattei, Ohio State University. April
19-J2,1971. p. 77-10.7 tab.. 8 ref. *
Descriptors: *Farm wastei, •Sprinkler irrigation
Lagoons, Cattle. Biochemical oxygen demand.
Oronndwater, Water pollution, Aerobic lagoons!
NitrOMD.
Identfilers: •Dairy, Multistage lagoon*. Anaerobic
lagoon*.
The objectives are to (I) determine the design and
operational parameters for treatment of dairy farm
296
-------
waite by multiiUge lagoon systems in areas with
warm climates, landy will aod high water tablet,
(2) determine the groundwater pollution potential
from thii type of lyitem and any neceiiary cor-
rective measures, and (3) determine the effects of
the effluent from thii type of tyitem on a teenage
irrigated pasture. A multistage lagoon system has
been designed and constructed on a 600-cow dairy
farm. The system consists of one anaerobic and
two aerobic lagooni in a series arrangement. The
efflent from the third lagoon flows by gravity into
a 40macre seepage irrigation system in permanent
pasture. Influent and effluent of each lagoon is
sampled hi two week intervals. Test wells are
located at 15, SO and 100 foot intervals from the
anaerobic lagoon and at 15 and 100 foot intervals
from the second lagoon. Water is drawn from 30
sampling tubes in the seepage irrigated pasture at
three week intervals. Results from the tint five
months of operation indicate an average influent
BOD of 343 mg/1. at a flow of approximately
60,000 gallons per day. BOD reductions of 89%.
54% and 8% in the first, second and third lagoons
respectively, have been achieved for a total reduc-
tion of 93%. (Bundy-Iowa Slate)
0783 - AS, A6, D2, Fl
SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM
ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept.
of Poultry Science.
0.0. Bressler, and E. L. Bergman.
In: Liveatock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p. SI -84.3 fig., ] tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Anaerobic conditons,
Odor, Drying, Poultry, Bacteria, Economics,
Dehydration, Air pollution, Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Heater dryer, High velocity air, Time
clock, Two-stage system.
Poultry manure handling ia a two-pronged
problem, high moisture content and anaerobic bac-
terial activity causing obnoxious odors. The objec-
tives were I) to remove as much moisture as possi-
ble from the poultry manure inaide the poultry
house to lessen the weight of the material to be
handled; 5) to eliminate odors and flies; and, 3) to
develop an automatic system of manure handling
to eliminate manual labor. A two-stage drying
system achieving these objectives hat been
developed. Stage 1 drying occurs Inside the
poultry bouse by application of high velocity air to
the manure and stirring the manure frequently. In
this stage manure is dried to about 30% moiature,
which ia 1/3 of the original weight and it is relative-
ly free of obnoxious odors because odor producing
bacteria are destroyed. Movement of air at high
velocity (900 feet per minute) is accomplished by
operating continuously 20-inch fans spaced about
35 to 40 feet apart lengthwise to the manure bays
or pits inside the poultry house. Stirring is accom-
plished with a specially designed rake and cleaning
device which turns, chums, tumbles, and mixes
• the poultry droppings as they fall to the floor un-
derneath the birds. The dry, powdery product is
free of obnoxious odors, has sbeU life, and is In a
form acceptable for merchandising at an organic
fertilize'- Income now being received for this
product exceeds the costs of Stage I and 2 drying
methods. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0784 - Bl
A FARM SCALE DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
D. 0. Turner, and D. E. Proctor.
In; Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
I9-M. 1971, p. SS-IS, 4 He,, 4 ttb.. 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Cattle, Sprinkler ir-
rigation, Confinement pens. Lagoons, Nitrogen,
Rotations, Waste disposal. Waste storage, Crop
response, Washington.
Identifiers: 'Large annual rainfall, Plastic irriga-
tion pipe.
Livestock wastes from beef feed lots and from the
dairy cattle industry are produced in large quanti-
ties in small areas. A systems approach to waste
disposal has been developed by Washington Slate
University in conjunction with the Washington
State Department of Institutions' Honor Farm at
Monroe. This system uses a covered confinement
area to exclude excessive rainfall; a collection and
transfer system to move wastes from confinement
areas to storage lagoons; and pipeline and sprin-
kler systems to move wattes from confinement
areas or lagoons to areas of ultimate disposal by
field application. Animal waste from a herd of 210
mature Holateins is scraped. Hushed, and trans-
ported with minimum water into two 1,000,000-
gallon capacity lagoons where it is held in winter
storage for field distribution during the growing
season. The organic degradation and nutrient
recycling capability of soil as a receiver of wastes.
coupled with seasonal application, appears to be
the key to such waste disposal. Loading levels are
being defined under field conditions. Crops under
study are silage corn, cereal rye for greenchop,
and grass legume pastures, as these crops comple-
ment dairy operations and tend to recycle
nitrogen. Measurements are being taken of dis-
tribution patterns by the sprinklers, infiltration
rates, bacteria survival, nitrate-nitrogen concen-
trations in the forage and through the soil profile to
a 4-foot depth, BOD counts, botanical composi-
tion of forage stands, and crop yields.
(Bundy-Iowa State J"
0785 - E3
A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS
FOR CATTLE WASTES,
Babson Bros. Co., Elmhurst, m. Environmental
DlV.
L.O. Carlson.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
Descriptors: 'Farm waates, Cattle, Liquid wastes,
Phosphates. Proteini, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Chemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen. Potas-
slum, Microorganisms.
Identifiers: 'Babson Biochemical Process. Reac-
tion tower.
The Babson Biochemical Process accepts cattle
waites. such as liquid manure, and recovers un-
digested solids, at washed and cleaned paniculate
matter, from a counter-current classification
tower. The solids are peDctized into slugs two
inches in diameter and one-half inch thick The
remaining liquid, consisting of suspended solids,
dissolved solids, and some colloidal matter it
pumped to a Reaction Tower, Reaction Vessel,
,and Enzyme Vessel complex, wherein, bubbles
are formed at a function of the rate of mass
transfer, and is key to thii biochemical process
The residence time is a few hours with partial
recycle to keep enzymatic activity high. Recovery
of activity it very rapid, even after several weeks
in the endogeneous phase. The effluent it then
sent to a flocculatlon/coagulalion (PIC) system
where phosphates, proteins, polysaccharides!
metal iont, etc. are removed, dried, and fortified
« ttfftt.lUltm}n whlcl1 ta itow w *"«lw. Tke
Uquid effluent from the F/C vesselt it then de-
ionized and decolorized, and used for drinking
water, or partially de-ionized, and used for com!
flushing of manure Into a common pit.
(Bandy-Iowa State)
0786 - F3
THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MODERN IN-
TENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A
BASICALLY VRBAN SOCIETY,
Agricultural Development and Advisory Service.
London (England).
K. B.C. Jones.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 92-94.5 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waites, 'Animal populations.
Confinement pent, Poultry, Cattle, Biochemical
oxygen demand. Solid wastes, Phosphates,
Nitrogen, Water pollution, Regulations.
Identifiers: Council on Environmental Quality.
United Kingdom.
Intensive livestock production will continue to be
centered on those parts of the UK where the soils
and climate are most favorable and where workers
have the technical skills, and management the
financial and marketing abilities to succeed. It is
most likely that as now, these units will be in
lowland areas near big centers of population.
Wherever possible, correlation win be maintained
between size of livestock unit kept and area availa-
ble for manure spreading. In time, the law may
make this concept on obligation. Planning permis-
sion for non-agricultural development may be
refuted if it it too near an existing livestock unit.
Zoning may be more widespread. New develop-
ments already require the interests of vets,
neighbors, planning authority, river authority and
public health inspector to be met These interests
era achieving a better understanding of the
farmers needt and of each othera points of view.
(Bundy-Iowa States)
0787 - Al, C5, F4
IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONYL COM-
POUNDS IN A SWINE-BUILDING AT-
MOSPHERE,
Iowa State Univ., Amet.
L. D. Hartung, E.G. Hammond, and J. R. Miner.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p IOJ-106.1 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Atmosphere, Odor,
Swine, Organic compounds, Air pollution, Land
management
Identifier!: Carbonyl-free air, Button's equation,
•Carbonyls.
Prior ttudiet of swine-building atmosphere! have
identified amines, carbonylt and sulfur com-
pounds In these gatet. More detailed identification
work it being done to determine which compounds
of these three classes are responsible for odor.
This information should be valuable for eventual
odor-control technology. Carbonyls can be deter-
mined readily as the 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine
(2,4-DNPH) derivatives. A measured quantity of
swine-house gas was pulled through a reaction
column composed of a solution of 2,4-DNPH (in
2.5M H2SO4) on celite. The 2,4-DNPH derivatives
wen eluted from the column with hexane at the
end of the ran. Tentative identification wat by thin
layer chromatography (tic), which allowed quan-
titative measurement of those compounds present
in largest concentration!. In these cases, the
derivative wat leached from the tic material,
diluted to a measured volume, and the ultraviolet
absorption max wat measured. Carbonyls
identified to date and their concentrations when
measurable are: acetone (123 ppb by volume),
ethanal. butanal, methyl ethyl ketone (53 ppb)
pentanal, nonanal. (Bundy- Jowa State)
0788 - A2, AS, Bl, F2
IMPACT OF FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION
299
-------
AND PROCESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRON-
MINT,
Ohio State Univ., Columbui. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
E. P. Taiganides, and R. L. Stroihine.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 93-98.1 fig, 7 tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes. Biochemical oxygen
demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Odor, Waste
water (Pollution), 'Environmental effects.
Identifiers: 'Animal waste impact, Odor nuisance.
Sou oxygen demand.
A long-term study under the auspices of the
Agricultural Pollution Control Research Laborato-
ry at Ohio State University will attempt to
delineate the full impact of the world farm animal
industry, from birth to the point of consumption,
ultimate use, or death by decay, on the quality of
the natural environment. The impact from the
production of animals on USA farms was deter-
mined by using animal population figures from the
1969 U.S. Agricultural Statistics. Depending on the
geographic region, various assumptions were
made as to the amounts of manure which could
reasonably be expected to be discharged into natu-
ral water bodies or disposed on land or into air
resources. Assumptions on percentage of animals
in total confinement, pasture or partial confine-
ment were made to facilitate estimates of water ru-
noff and land disposal. Odor nuisance could only
be evaluated in qualitative terms by making as-
sumptions on the extent of urbanization at each of
the six geographic regions. A quantitative value
for the impact of by-products and wastes from
animal industries on the natural environment was
obtained using BOD, COD, fertility nutrients,
volatile solids, SOD (Soil Oxygen Demand) and
physical quantities. An attempt was made to com-
pare these values with values from other basic in-
dustries, such as car manufacturing and some
chemical industries. (Bundy- Iowa State)
0789 - F3
LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS,
.Iowa State Univ.. Ames. Dept of Agricultural En-
r. L. Wfflrich, and J. R. Miner.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p99-IOI.7ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Odor, "Legal aspects.
Water pollution, Swine, Cattle, Poultry, Missouri,
Iowa, Judicial decisions.
Identifiers: "Law suits, Odor nuisance.
Several livestock and poultry producers have
faced law suits from neighboring residents based
upon complaints of odor and water pollution. Such
public and private nuisance suits demand that
producers consider the possible effects of then-
site selection and waste management practices
upon neighbors. Cases concerning three beef
producers, two swine producers and a poultry
growing operation are considered in detail. The
physical features of the systems are described, as
wen as the operation of the facilities. Both swine
producers were utilizing confinement facilities
with manure storage facilities beneath partially-
slotted floors. In the Missouri case, both localized
water pollution and odors were found to have
'caused damages to two nearby rural neighbors.
Substantial punitive damages wen awarded. The
.case in Iowa involved odors and their influence on
neighbors located approximately 300 feet north of
the operation. The first hearing of the case
resulted in a hung jury. The poultry operation was
in north-central Iowa, about 900 feet east-
southeast of a farm home. The neighbors sought
[both damages and injunctive relief due to odors.
(Bnndy-Iowa State)
0790 - AS, A6. C3
ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRON-
MENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR
ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS,
Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C.
Farm Production Economics Div.
I. B. Johnson, and L. J. Connor.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement. Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 102-104.14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots, Runoff.
Cattle, 'Legal aspects, Water pollution control.
Federal Government, Local Governments, State
Governments, Control, Standards, Regulation.
Identifiers: 'Feed lot firms, Nebraska Pollution
Control Council.
The alternative measures of minimizing pollution
from animal wastes can be categorized as (1)
'voluntary control measures adopted by animal
producers, (2) individual legal actions, and (3)
statutes and regulations established by local,
State, and Federal Governments. Some individual
producers and producer groups have adopted
abatement technologies and taken other more
drastic measures such as shifting the geographic
location of their operations to minimize the pollu-
tion potential of their animal production opera-
tions. Certain animal production firms have been
defendants in legal litigations by plaintiffs seeking
to induce changes in the producers' animal
production activities. Animal production firms are
subject to different forms of private legal litiga-
tion, those being (a) trespass, (b) nuisance, (c)
negligence, and (d) strict liability. Several local,
State, and Federal Government agencies have ex-
isting statutes related to the management of animal
wastes. Governmental statutes have generally im-
plemented controls on animal production firms by
(a) direct regulations such as licenses and registry
requirements, (b) payments for installation of par-
ticular pollution control devices or lower rates of
property tax, and (c) by charges such as fines or
excise taxes for discharging excessive amounts of
animal pollutants. (Bundy- Iowa State)
0791 - AS, A6, Bl
METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF
MALODORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF
LIVESTOCK WASTES.
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R. A. Nordstedt. and E. P. Taiganides.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 107-109,9 ref, 1 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Odors, Meteorology,
'Air pollution, Model studies, Control, Waste
disposal.
Identifiers: Land spreading, Odor nuisance.
'One of the foremost problems in land disposal of
livestock wastes is the emission of malodorous
gases from these wastes and their transport into
populated areas through the atmosphere. There-
fore, malodors are a constraint on land spreading
of livestock wastes. Chemical treatment of these
wastes for abatement of malodors is usually quite
expensive. The applicability of meteorological
control to land spreading of livestock wastes, and
the development of an air quality model to predict
the odor nuisance potential from land spreading
operations were investigated. Simulations with the
air quality model have shown that meteorological
control of malodors from land spreading of
'livestock wastes is possible. The model is limited
'by the need for data on emission rates of
malodorous gases from various livestock wastes
as weD as die properties of these gases. Better
dispersal equations and experimental determina-
tion of diffusion parameters wiO also assist In ap-
plying the model to field conditions.
(Bnndy-Iowa State)
0792 - AS, A6, C3
CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OP
MALODODORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL
WASTE,
Ohio State Univ., Dept. of Agricultural Engineer-
ing. Columbus.
R. K. White, E. P. Taiganides, and G. D. Cole.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 110-113.5 fig. 2 tab. 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Chromatography,
Analytical techniques, Odor, Hydrogen ion con-
centration. Aeration, Sulfur, Organic compounds.
Cattle.
Identifiers: 'Anaerobic dairy wastes.
Recent trends toward large, confined animal
production units and the urban encroachment into
agricultural areas have brought into focus the
problem of odor nuisance from animal waste.
There is a need for identifying satisfactory
methods of controlling and abating the odor
nuisance from animal waste. Before control
techniques can be developed, an analysis of the
odors and an understanding of the physical.
chemical and biological conditions that help
generate them is needed. The objectives of this
study were: to separate and identify principal
odorous compounds emanating from dairy animal
wastes and to measure the effect of aeration on the
production of principal odors from dairy animal
wastes. Eight odorous compounds were tentative-
ly identified by comparing Kovat Indexes for the
principal odorous fractions separated by the gas
'chromatograph and the Kovat Indexes of known
'compounds. Also, an organoleptic evaluation of
'the odors was employed. The compounds tenta-
tively identified using the column selected for
hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds were
hydrogen sulfide, methanelbiol, methyl sulfidc,
diethyl sulfide, propyt acetate and n-butyl acetate.
.The amine compounds detected were
trimethylamine and etbylamine. Aeration
eliminated or diminished the production of the
principal odors identified. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0793 - AS, A6, Bl, D2
CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY
HOUSES,
Agricultural Research Service. BeHsville, Md.
Livestock Engineering and Farm Structures
Research Branch.
G.B.Wfflson.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 114-1 K. 2 fig, 1 tab. 4 ref.
Descriptors: > 'Farm wastes, Odors, Dusts,
Poultry, Filters, Ammonia, Control, Air pollution.
'Identifiers: Water spray system, Pad-type filter,
Dry filters. Burlap.
Odor and. to a lesser extent, the dust in ventilation
air exhausted from poultry houses constitute aa
aesthetic nuisance. Use of filters and water spray
chambers were evaluated for their effectiveness in
removing the odor and dust Three variations of
baffle impingement filters with and without a
water spray were tested. Dust removal efficiencies
'were determined by particle counts on filters
through which a measured quantity of air had been
drawn. Odor strength was evaluated organolepti-
300
-------
cally. The baffle impingement filters reduced the
odor although they only removed a negligible
amount of dust. Introduction of a water spray
ahead of the baffle improved the dust removal to
around 50% and practically eliminated the odor.
Control of odor and dust would enhance the
desirability of poultry houses as neighbors. Us* of
the water spray baffle impingement filters should
reduce air pollution complaints.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0794 - AS, A6, C3, D3
AMMONIA DESORPTION FROM CONCEN-
TRATED CHICKEN MANURE SLURRIES.
Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, N.Y.
Agricultural Engineering Research Div.
A. O. Hashimoto, and D. C. Ludington.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April
19-22,1971, p 117-121, J fig, 5 tab. 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, 'Am-
monia, Poultry, Hydrogen ion concentration.
Identifiers: 'Chicken manure, Pick's Second Law.
The purpose was to determine the parameters af-
fecting ammonia desorption from concentrated
chicken manure slurries and to develop an equa-
tion to predict the rate of ammonia desorption.
Analyses of variance were performed to determine
whether any correlation existed between the
desorption rate constant and the fraction of undis-
sociated ammonia, (Pu), temperature, air flow,
total and volatile solids, initial organic nitrogen
concentration and initial ammonia nitrogen con-
centration. Preliminary analysis indicates that only
Fu and temperature have significant correlation
with the desorption rate constant under the experi-
mental agitation rates and geometric ahape of the
reaction vessel. The desorption rate constant may
be predicted by an equation of the following form:
K/l-Fu - A (Tfl-Fu)B where: K- ammonia
desorption rate constant (hour-l); T • tempera-
ture (deg. F); Fu - fraction of undissociated am-
monia; A and B - constants. The amount of base
required to maintain the desired pH was recorded
to determine which pH range might be the most ef-
ficient in stripping ammonia. Below pH 10.0 there
is a direct relationship between the ratio of base
required to ammonia removed and pH. Above pH
10.0 the ratio is independent of pH.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0795 - A2, A9, C3, C5
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE
TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES
IN A WASTE LAGOON,
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept. of Bac-
teriology.
M Bromel, Y. N. Lee, and B. Baldwin.
In- Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April
19-22,1971, p 122-125.2 fig, 6 tab. 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Liquid wastes, Sal-
monella, Microorganisms, Cattle, E. coli, Public
health, Pathogenic bacteria, Transfer.
Identifiers: 'Public health hazard, R factors.
The incidence and pattern of antibiotic resistance
in bacterial isolates from liquid and solid bovine
wastes and from the Red River of the North were
determined by disc assay and tube dilution
methods. Subsequent in vitro mating experiments
were performed between the enteric members of
these two groups of isolates so that the patterns of
antibiotic-resistance trauifer could be elucidated.
Levels of antibiotics present in waste lagoon water
and river water were determined by microbiologi-
cal assay. Complete resistance to aureomycin, ter-
ramycin sulfamethazine and sulfaethox-
ypyridazine was shown by isolates of the genera
Salmonella, Proteus, Streptococcus and
Escherichia. Developing antibiotic resistance was
thown by isolates of the teaeral Shigella and Kleb-
siella. Drug sensitivity wai shown only by clot-
tridial iiolatet. Suecetiful transfer of multiple
dni| resistance to sulfamethazine, penicillin and
itreprouycin wai obtained from a Proteus ID. to
an Escherichia »p. Reiulta from the matingi of the
recombinaats with drug-sensitive typhoid and
dyientry organisms are reported. In some in-
stances. detectable levels of terrain ycin and aureo-
mycin were found in wine waters. The possibility
for drug resistance transfer between organisms in
livestock wastes and pathogens in public waters
was significantly high and constitutes a potential
public health hazard. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0796 - A2, C4
DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM
NON.RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF
WATER POLLUTION BY USE OF ENTERIC
BACTERIA,
South Dakota State Univ.. Brookingi. Dept. of
Bacteriology.
P. R. Middaugh. L. R. Koup.l. R. L. Pierce. Jr.. I.
B.Tiede.andJ.W.Zerfas.
In: Livestock Wane Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22, 1971, p 126-128. 1 fig. 35 ret.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Runoff, 'Coliforms,
Microorganisms, Bacteria. 'Streptococcus.
Nitrogen, Cattle. Sheep, Goats, Lagoons, Pollu-
tant identification.
Identifiers: *S. bovis. Fecal pollution.
Studies on methods for improving the land
disposal of animai wastes or on methods to
minimize storm run-off waste pollution of streams
or lakes would be aided if feed lot wastes in water
could be differentiated from non-ruminant or
human waste sources. A laboratory study was
based on the presence of a fecal streptococcus,
Streptococcus bovis, in feces of ruminant farm
animals, cattle, sheep and goats which have from 1
to 20 million cells per ml. of rumen fluid. In a
preliminary survey of fecal streptococci occurring
in lakes and riven and in municipal wastes and a
dairy lagoon the predominant organism was
Streptococcus faecalis and its varieties which
represented 90% of the fecal streptococci. S. bovis
constituted only 3% of the streptococci. The stan-
dard media uaed to cultivate gut bacteria were
highly inhibitory for S. bovis cells which were
added to water samples. An improved medium
with reduced sodium aiide, 0.02%. improved
.anaerobic culture conditions and the quantitative
collection of the bacteria on membrane filters led
to a selective method using a starch hydrolysis
overlay. The improved medium quantitatively de-
tected S. bovis bacteria added to river water sam-
ples and allowed their routine isolation. Of the iso-
lates, 92% were found to be Streptococcus bovis
and »% wen S. faecalis variety liquef aciens. To be
an effective pollution indicator. S. bovis must sur-
vive sufficiently to be readily detected.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0797 - .C4, E3
GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA
m SOLUTIONS or POULTRY EXCRETA,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
H. E. Hamilton. I. J. Ross, J. J. Begin, and S. W.
Jackson*
to: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
Poultry excreta contains nutrients that can be util-
ized as a livestock feed. Successful feeding trials
with untreated litter have proven the feasibility of
utilizing excreta as a feedstuff. Excreta from hens
fed a drug-free diet was blended and diluted with
water, iterilized, and placed in a fermentor
equipped with an indirectly driven agitator, auto-
matic pH controller, temperature controller, foam
controller, and sampling device. The solution was
then inoculated with rumen fluid from a steer
being maintained on a diet containing sterilized
chicken manure and fermented anaerobically for
48 hours. Samples were taken as the fermentation
process progressed and diluted and plated for
microflora counts. The colonies in the inoculated
tubes were counted after 7 daya of incubation.
Then was logarithmic growth beginning about
three hours after inoculation and subsiding about
ten hours after inoculation. High solids levels
decreased the maximum population and increasing
and/or decreasing the pH from that in the rumen
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Poultry. Feeds
>«--•—:
the maximum population.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0798 - B3, C5, D4
THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE
MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS,
Agricultural Research Services, Lincoln,
Nebraska.
T. M. McCalla, and L. F. Elliott.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22, 1971 . p 1*2-134, 2 fig, 3 tab. 28 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Feed lots.
Microorganisms, Pathogenic bacteria, Nitrogen,
Crops, Odors.
Animal wastes on feedlots may leave the feedlot
by mechanical removal, runoff, percolation
through the toil profile, volatilization, or decom-
posjtion. Of these mechanisms, micrabial decom-
position plays a major role in the rate and route of
manure loss. Laboratory and feedlot studies, at
Lincoln and Central City, Nebraska, indicate
mechanical removal of manure from the feedlot
may be necessary only after several years of accu-
mulation. The manure in the feedlot can be
mounded to provide a protected drained area for
the animals, and the manure serves as a compost
pile to aid in decomposition. The feedlot studied is
level with a high water table and limited runoff oc-
curs. Laboratory studies have indicated as much
aa 90% of the nitrogen and 50% of the carbon in
the manure and urine can be lost by decomposition
in a 4-month period. Soil microorganisms can be
managed to reduce odors and to dispose of animal
waites without pollution of surface or ground
waters. If the surface of the feedlot is aerobic,
many . odor-causing compounds can be
metabolized before they reach the atmosphere. It
may also be desirable to maintain aerobic condi-
tions at the feedlot surface for sanitary reasons.
Laboratory studies conducted at Lincoln showed
Salmonella ap. added to beef manure died rapidly
under aerobic conditions but survived under
anaerobic conditions. Feedlot soil atmosphere stu-
dies found high concentrations of CH4 and CO2.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0799 - B2
AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
1. 1. Sewel).
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Model studies. Liquid
301
-------
wsstes. Pumps, Slurriet, Design, On-tite tests,
Cittle, Mixing.
Few problem with agitation were encountered in
two full-scale field teiti of liquid manure lyitemi
at dairies. Adding water to the tanks immediately
after emptying greatly facilitated agitation. Ai the
quantity of watte hay. silage, and green chop en-
tering the pitt increased, agitation became more
difficult. Scraping manure into the tanki before
appreciable drying had occurred alao facilitated
agitation. Minimizing the entry of twine, wood
chips, and coarse hay into the pitt reduced
' downtime. While the results of the model studies
suggested that best agitation could be achieved in
pitt equipped with tide and center baffle*, effec-
tive agitation wat achieved in pitt conttructed
with cover support columns and without baffles.
As the model studies suggested, cover support
columns did not adversely affect agitation. In
designing liquid manure pitt where agitation dif-
ficulties are expected, center and side baffles
should be considered. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0800 - B2, C2
MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING
THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIQUID AND
MANURE,
Bayeritche Landetanstalt ue Landtccbnik,
Wcihcnstephan (Wett Germany).
K. Grimm, and O. Langenegger.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 1)8-141,145,9 fig, lOref.
Descriptors: •Farm wattes. Liquid wastes. Pump
testing. Measurement, Pumps.
Identifiers: Consistency factor, Manure pump,
Manure consistency.
A large number of pumps are on the market; some
are very well adapted to pumping liquid manure
and some lack several things which one could wish
for. A technical measurement for the capacity of
individual pumps to boost liquid manure it neces-
sary in order to put the individual pumps to work
at the correct place and to be able to plan liquid
manure installations. Tests havet shown that all
temiliquid and liquid manure mixtures may be
evaluated in a relatively simple way insofar as the
ability to be pumped ii concerned. Measuring
manure consistency by the ball method is
described. Thit method of measuring provides a
uniform prerequisite for testing pumps and
thereby makes an exact examination possible with
varied semi-liquid manure mixtures with different
contistencies. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0801 - A3, B2, C2, C3, C4
PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL
AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY
MANURE SLURRIES,
British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
L. M. Staiey, N. R. Bulley. and T. A. Windt.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livettock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 142-145.6fig. 2 tab.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes. Cattle, Irrigation,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Hydrogen ion con-
centration, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Am-
monium, Sprinkler irrigation, Watte disposal,
Design pumpt.
Identifiers: 'Dairy, Piping lotses.
A manure handling tyttem hai been designed to
permit a zero grazing management practice and
utilize above ground storage and sprinkler irriga-
tion methods of watte disposal. Manure from the
exercise yard and holding area it scraped into a
28S cubic foot below grade tump. From thit point
the complete system it operated by a 30 HP elec-
tric motor and Holz helical type manure pump.
The pump is uted for fOling the 100.000 US gallon
above ground storage tank; for agitation and mix-
ing within the tank and returning the slurry to the
sump for dilution if necessary, before pumping
through a 4 inch diameter aluminum irrigation
system to a standard No. 104 Rainbird sprinkler.
BOD, COD, pH, ammonia, organic and nitrate
nitrogen, total and ortho phosphate, sodium,
potattium, chloride, total volatile and tutpended
solids were determined at bi-weekly intervals for
(1) water inputs, (2) manure into and out of storage
and (3) water outflows from field drains. Sampling1
began June 2, 1970 and will continue throughout
the winter teaton. (Bundy- Iowa State)
0802 - A5, Bl, D4, E3
AUTOMATED HANDLING. TREATMENT AND
RECYCLING OF WASTE WAT8R PROM AN
ANIMAL CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION UNIT,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
E. P. Taiganides, and R. K. White.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceeding! International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April
19-22,1971, p 146-148,4 fig, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Confinement pens,
Oxidation, Odors. Dusts, Aerobic treatment,
Biological oxygen demand. Watte water treat-
ment. Water rente, Hogt.
Identifier!: "Automatic flushing. Flushing tankt.
Solids separator, Fuch't oxygenator.
Manure it flushed out by flooding the gutters of a
confinement building where 500 pigs are raited
from 20 to 220 Ibt. This way no labor it needed to
scrape the manure out plus no of f entive odort are
released into the building because of frequent
flushing. The flushed wastewater ia pumped onto a
screen which separates the solids from the liquid.
The solids are aerobicafly digested, deodorized
and stored before final disposal onto agriculturally
productive land. The liquidt separated at the
screen are discharged into an oxidation ditch.
Ditch effluent it clarified and the supernatant ia
pumped back into the building as flushing water.
Provisions to disinfect the recycled water for odor
and disease control are present in the system.
Ltboratory-tcale model wat tested to arrive at
maximum loading rates for odor control. Four
loading rates ruling from 3040 Ibs VS/IOOO
ft/day were tested. Preliminary remits show that
hourly loading it better than daily slug loading. All
loading rates can be effective, but the higher ratet
require closer tupervision. Odort given off are am-
monia-like at first but change to earthy or musky
inoffensive odors after the 6th day. Foaming wat
much greater with slug loading. However, the set-
tling characteristics of the slug-load unit were
better than hourly-loading. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0803 - D4, E3
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 7H-HEAD
SWINE-FINISHING BUILDING; TWO AP-
PROACHES USING RENOVATED WASTE
WATER,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept of Agricultural En-
gineering.
R. ]. Smith, T. E. Hazen, and I. R. Miner.
Ia: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Sympotium
on Livettock Wattes, Ohio State University, April
18-22,1971, p 149-1)3,7 fig, 2 tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm watte, Confinement pent.
Swine, Chemical oxygen demand, Settling, basin.
Oxidation treatment, Sludge, Water reuse.
Identifier!: 'Flushing gutter, Anaerobic lagoon.
Iowa State University had uted fresh water for
flushing manure from a confinement building but
difficulties in effluent disposal stopped this prac-
tice. Two lyitemi of watte water renovation wen
examined. Preliminary ttudiet showed that
adequate manure removal and reduced water ute
could be obtained by intermittent discharge of a
tank of cleaning water. Mechanisms for con-
trolling such discharge are described. The
presence of an open flushing guru.- in the pen area
wat found to affect defecation habitt very
favorably, alto the action of the pigs' feet im-
proved manure transport. The effect on the pigs of
exposing them to their renovated effluent was
unknown; hence, the first scheme included an
anaerobic lagoon followed by an oxidation ditch,
both external to the building. Total sludge return to
the oxidation ditch wat uted by incorporating a
settling tank. Conventional sanitary engineering
measurements were made at various points in the
cycle; these included oxygen demand, solids, vari-
ous inorganic ions and a membrane filter count of
colifonn density. Tests were started in January
1969, and it wat found that a stable, odorless ef-
fluent of lets than 150 mgjl BOD5 could easily be
obtained, even at low ditch temperatures.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0804 - B2
IMPROVING WATER UTILIZATION EFFI-
CIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE
REMOVAL,
Agricultural Research Service, BehsvOk, Md.
Agricultural Engineering Research Div.
E. E. Jones, 0. B. WDlson, and W. F. Schwksow.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings. International Sympoti-
um on Livettock Wastes, Ohio State University,
April 19-22,1971, p 154-158.11 fig. 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wattes. Velocity. Automa-
tion, Hogt. Water utilization.
Identifiers: 'Automatic hydraulic watte removal.
Flush tank.
One of the goals of the USDA Fannitead Water
Systems Research it to improve water utilization
efficiency in livestock sanitation. Reports of large
volumes of water being used to remove solids
from under slotted floors led to theoretical and
model studies of automatic hydraulic watte
removal in 1963. In 1966 certain principle!
developed from thete studiei were incorporated ia
a partically slotted floor swine building. A max-
imum design fluth volume of 3 gallons per pig (300
gallons) wat uted. Movie film analysis of watte
removal revealed that at much at 90% of the water
was discharged clear at the end of the gutter.
Reducing fluth volume to 160 gallons resulted ia
incomplete watte removal Major factors limiting
water utilization efficiency have been identified
and verified in design modifications. Unsteady
flow conditions and the modification of fluid pro-
perties by dissolved and tutpended solids result in
velocities about 30% higher than predicted by
Manning's formula. Above velocities of 3 fpt the
relationships between waste deposition, depth of
flow and duration of flow determine water utiliza-
tion efficiency. Automatic hydraulic watte
removal by making possible daily or more frequent
waste removal will provide • batter livestock en-
vironment at leu cost. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0805 - D4
HIGH KATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOST-
DIG WITH SAWDUST,
North Carolina State Univ.. Raleigh. Dept of Civil
Engineering.
W. S. GaUer, and C. B. Davey.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedincs International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 159-162,9 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Aerobic
treatment. Carbon, Nitrogen, Drains, Cation
exchange. Crop response. Watte treatment.
Identifiers: 'Composting, Sawdnst
302
-------
The feasibility of bi(h rate, thennophilic compost-
ing of animal wa»tci mixed with carbonaceous
materiali aad the affect of the compost on plant
growth were investigated. Poultry manure and
sawdust were initially selected in order to get the
proper moisture content and carbon to nitrogen
ratio (C:N). Each batch was characterized chemi-
cally in order to determine the moisture content,
the proper C:N and available phosphorus, potassi-
um, calcium, and magnesium. Sixteen batch stu-
dies were made using a 45 cubic foot rotating drum
approximately two-thirds full. The composting
mass was aerated continuously. The effects of
aeration, agitation, C:N, and moisture content
were studied. The pH, temperature, and oxygen
uptake were studied for each run. Mass balances
were made to determine nitrogen losses. Cellulose
degradation wai also studied. After removal from
the composter, cellulose degradation took place as
• fungus developed in the pile. The cellulose con-
tent decreased during the storage phase by over
25% in four to six weeks while the cation exchange
capacity rose from 33 milli-equivalents per 100
grams to 67 milli-equivalents per 100 grama.
Nitrogen losses for the properly run process
averaged about J.5%. The final product had a
buckish-white color and an odor resembling a
fresh humus soil. Greenhouse studies were made
using tomatoes, wheat, millet and greenbeans. The
plants were planted in soil compost mixture rang-
ing from 0% to 100% compost by weight.
(Bnndy-Iowa State)
0806 - D4
COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES,
Agricultural Reiearch Service, Beltsville, Md.
Livestock Engineering and Farm Structures
Research Branch.
Q.B.WUlson.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 163-165,4 fig, 2 tab, 4 ret.
Descriptor!: *Farm wastes, Aerobic treatment.
Cattle, Hay, Silage, Grains, Odor, Wsste treat-
ment.
Identifier*: •Composting.
Composting is a biological process for the
degradation of solid waste*. It has been used to
reduce municipal wastes to an odorless, stable
material that may be used as a soil conditioner.
The compost may be easily handled or stored.
Like other biological degradation processes, the
process may be either aerobic or anaerobic or a
combination. The aerobic process is faster and
produces more heat, which maintains the elevated
temperatures required. The aerobic process,
which seem* to have merit for treatment of farm
animal wastes, was studied. Wsste from the gutter
of a stanchion bam was used. Two types of
bedding, straw and wood sawdust, wen evalu-
ated. Several of the process parameters have been
investigated on a pilot scale with approximately
one-half ton batches and on a bench scale. These
parameters include air flow rale, moisture content,
temperature, pH, and agitation frequency. Dry
matter was reduced about 60%. The total weight
was reduced about 80%, including the effect of
lowering the moisture content from 75 to 50% dur-
ing the proceis. Volume wa* reduced 30 to 30% on
a loose basis. The final product his a faint musty
odor in a moist condition. It is odorless when air-
dried to about 10% moisture content
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0807 - A2, Bl, Cl, C5, El
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT ROM FARM
ANIMAL PRODUCTION HTIS,
Louisiana Tech Univ., Huston. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
I. W. D. Robbins, G. I. Kriz. and D. H. HoweOs.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 166-169,5 fig, 4 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Coliforms, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand,
Carbon, Lagoons, Runoff, Water pollution
sources. Water pollution control, Waste disposal.
Effluents from twelve animal production sites
representing three types of waste management
operations-land disposal, lagooning and direct
discharge into streams-were measured aad more
than 1500 samples were collected for analyses.
The water samples were analyzed for (a) bacterial
densities-total colifonni, fecal coliforms and
fecal streptococci; (b) degradable organics-
biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon,
total solids and volatile solids; and (c) nutrient*--
organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate
nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphate and
orthophosphate. Other measurements included
pH, conductivity, initial dissolved oxygen and
temperature. Site data were collected in order to
evaluate the pollutions! potential of each site and
the management factors determining the amount
of wastes that reached water courses. These data
included the number and size of animals, types
and amounts of feeds, types of waste handling
facilities and practices, waste retention or
drainage times, soil classifications, rainfall, tem-
perature, flow rates and some characterization of
wastes produced. Study result* point to the need
for and superiority of land disposal for animal
wastes to effectively control water pollution.
Direct dumping of animal wastes into streams is
essentially predictable by characterization of fresh
wastes and should be prohibited. Effluents fiom
waste lagoons were found to exceed raw domestic
sewage in strength and should not be discharged
without further treatment. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0808 - D4
WATER HYACINTHS TO FURTHER TREAT
ANAEROBIC LAGOON KFFLUENT,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J. R. Miner, I. W. Woolen, and J. D. Dodd.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings, International Symposi-
um on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University,
April 19-22,1971. p 170-173,4 fig. 7 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Water hyacinth. Aero-
bic treatment. Oxidation lagoons. Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Chemical oxygen demand, Waste
water treatment.
Identifier*: 'Anaerobic lagoon effluent.
Effluent from an anaerobic lagoon treating liquid
swine manure was pumped through a scries of four
pools, each ten feet in diameter. Water hyacinths
were grown on these pools in an effort to provide
further treatment The plants flourished, neces-
sitating weekly harvesting of one-fourth of the
growth. During the month of July 1970, nine
pounds of ammonia were added to the system in
the influent and less than one-fourth pound
discharged in the effluent. During this same
period, 21 pound* of COD were added and 2.6
pounds discharged. Extrapolating the system to a
per acre basis indicates ammonium nitrogen
removal to be in excess of 35 pounds per acre per
day, COD removal to exceed 100 pound* per acre
per day and phosphate, removal to exceed IS
pounds per acre per day. "Nitrate release wa* less
than 0.) pounds per acre per day. In one sample
weekly harvest (Aug. 14 - Aug. 21), 450 plant* with
a total wet weight of 90 Ibs. were removed from
two of the ponds having a combined area of ap-
proximately 160 sq. ft This corresponds to an in-
crease of over 17,000 new plant* per acre per day
and an increase in wet weight of over 2500 pound*
per acre per day. At a 4% dry weight conversion
factor, this equals 100 pounds of dry weight per
.acre per day. The system has performed satisfac-
torily showing potential as a means of removing
nutrients from partially treated animal wastes
which are not removed by currently used
processes. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0809 - D4
ENZYME-FACaiTATED MICROBIAL
DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT
MANURE,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of
Microbiology.
G. K. Elmund, S. M. Morrison, and D. W. Grant.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 174-175,4 fig, 7 ret.
Descriptors: "Firm wastes. Cattle, Feed lots. En-
zymes, Biochemical oxygen demand, Microbial
degradation, Amino acids, Proteins.
Identifiers: 'Enzymatic hydrolysis.
The cleavage of the macromolecular fraction is a
rate-limiting step preceding its oxidation or as-
similation during the initial microbial decomposi-
tion of cattle feedlot manure. Increasing the initial
rate of hydrolysis of the macromolecules may
stimulate the development of a microflora actively
involved in the subsequent stages of the decom-
position process. Methodologies have been
developed to evaluate and optimize conditions tor
enzymatic hydrolysis of manure substrates as well
as bioassay techniques to measure the resultant in-
creased rates of microbial activity. The results of
studies with proteolytic enzymes are presented as
a model system. Fresh manure from feedlot cattle
receiving a high concentrate ration was ex-
haustively dialyzed, lyophUized and ground in a
Waring blender.Jhe non-dialyzable manure com-
ponents contained 94 percent of the dry matter of
fresh manure. The material contained 275 mg/gm
protein of which 75 mg/gm was soluble protein.
After three hours incubation with Pronase B grade
(Calbiochem), essentially all of the soluble and
17.5 percent of the insoluble protein was
hydrolyzed. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the protein
fraction of feedlot manure appears to significantly
increase the initial rate of microbial oxidation of
the manure substrate. The results give promise to
the use of hydrolytk enzymes to facilitate the
overall rate of manure decomposition.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0810 - A2, C3. C4
WATER AND SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND OF
LIVESTOCK WASTES,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
E. P. Tsiganides, R. K. White, and R. L. Stroshine.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 176-179,7 fig, 4 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Sulfur, Carbon,
Nitrogen, Waste treatment, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Analytical techniques.
Identifiers: 'Soil oxygen demand, Winkler
method, Warburg respirometer.
The oxygen demands of animal manures placed in
a water environment were measured using the
standard BOD dilution-bottle technique and the
Warburg respirometer method, using leeded and
unseeded samples and incubating the samples at
temperature* ranging from 12 deg. C to 28 deg. C.
It was concluded that oxygen demand unite should
be reported in mg O2 per gram of total solid* (mg/g
TS) or as percent of TS. Seeding animal manure
samples with supernatant from aerated sewage
produced a significantly higher BOD curve than
for unseeded samples. Total BOD (56 daya at 20
deg. C) of animal manure constituted 40 to 50 per-
cent of the COD, but the 5-day BOD is less than 14
percent of the COD of the same Waste. Either the
303
-------
Winkler method or oxygen meter may be used
with similar accuracies in the measurement of dis-
solved oxygen in BOD bottles. Warburg
respirometer is a good apparatus to use to deter-
mine oxygen demand of animal wastes. A test to
measure the rate and ultimate oxygen demand of
animal manure incorporated into top soil is called
Soil Oxygen Demand (SOD). In the SOD test,
waste is placed in an air-tight Warburg flask con-
taining soil. As microbes decompose the waste,
oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is
released. The carbon dioxide is absorbed by a
solution of 40 percent potassium hydroxide which
is placed in a vial in the flask. The quantity of ox-
ygen consumed is determined by measuring
changes in the pressure in the flask and calculating
the change in quantity of gas, using the ideal gas
law. (Bundy-Iowa State)
0811 - C3, C4
BOD ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AF-
FECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of
Biological and Agricultural Engineering.
J. D. Ariail, F. J. Humenik, and O. I. Kriz.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 180-182.8 fig, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Swine. Biochemical
oxygen demand. Copper, Zinc, Sewage, Lagoons,
Analytical techniques, Feeds.
Identifiers: 'Feed antibiotics.
The effects of feed antibiotic, copper and zinc
concentrations, and simple dilution upon the stan-
dard BOD5 analysis lor swine wastes were in-
vestigated. Analyses were made on swine feces,
lagoon influent and lagoon effluent. Antibiotic
concentrations in the swine waste were found by
modifying the AOAC (1*65) microbiological
method for the assay of chlortetracycline in animil
feeds. The copper and line concentrations of
digested samples were determined with an atomic
absorption speclrophotometer. The amount of
each inhibitory substance present in the BOD bot-
tle for die various sample dilutions waa deter-
mined. The amount of metal or antibiotic present
wss related to the amount of organics. Therefore
all BOD dilutions that result in an acceptable ox-
ygen depletion have similar concentrations at or-
ganic! and inhibitory substances. Recommenda-
tions presented for the selection and determination
of the most reliable BOD5 data for animal waste
are different from commonly accepted criteria for
obtaining the statistically best BODS results for
domestic and industrial wantewater. The mem-
brane filter technique outlined in Standard
Methods for the determination of the fecal
streptococcus content of sewage and animal waste
is superior to the membrane filter technique utiliz-
ing Bacto-KF streptococcus broth.
(Bandy-Iowa State)
0812 - C4, D4
PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION,
Illinois Univ., Urbaaa. Dept. of Microbiology; and
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of VeUriun
Pathology and Hygiene.
R. C. Meyer, F. C. Hinds, H. R. Isaacson, and T.
D.Hinealy.
In: Livestock Waste Manag*"*"' Md Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971.p UJ.lS4.2fig. 1 tab, 6 ret.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Sludge digestion,
Viruses, Swine. Anaerobic digestion.
Link information is available on the effect of
anaerobic sludge digestion upon viruses. Labora-
tory anaerobic digesters of 1 liter capacity were set
dp in duplicate employing sludge obtained from
the local municipal sewage treatment plant. The
digesters were monitored and upon stabilization
after 4 to 5 days, they were seeded with 100 ml. of
a virus suspension containing 10 deg PFU/ml. of a
swine enterovirus. At tine intervals ranging from
1/2 hr. to 12 days 25 ml. samples were withdrawn
from each digester and pooled. The presence of in-
fectious virus in the respective samples was deter-
mined by the capacity of a 20 mL volume, upon
oral administration, to infect 10-14 day old germ-
free piglets. Fecal samples were collected from
each pig twice a day (A.M. and P.M.) on the 3rd
and 4th day post challenge and pooled. Feasible in-
fection of piglets by the indicator virus was deter-
mined by standard virologic procedures employing
diploid porcine kidney cell cultures; Virus, when
recovered from the piglets was identified by
seroiogic procedures as the test agent Virus could
not be detected or demonstrated by pig challenge
after the 4th day in the anaerobic digesters.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0813 - A5, D2
THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING Of
MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia. Pa. Dept. of Chemical
Eagjneering.
I. R. Thygeson, E. D. Qrossmann. and J.
MacArthnr.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971.nl »<-! 89.7 fig, 1 tab. 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Drying, Odor,
Moisture content. Waste treatment. Waste
disposal. Steam.
Identifiers: 'Superheated steam, Continuous con-
veyor dryer.
Treatment of livestock waste to produce a
biochemically stable and odor free product capa-
ble of use as a feed additive, soil conditioner, or
fuel is described. The process involves the drying
of a packed bed of wet manure extrusions in a
closed cycle system emptying superheated steam
as the drying medium. The prospective advantages
of this method of waste treatment include: (I) high
production rate per unit area of plant; (2) minimum
environmental pollution associated with the
process; (3) relative inseniitivity to changes m en-
vironmental and feed conditions; (4) capability of
treating the undiluted manure; (5) production of a
stable, odorless, tree-flowing solid convenient for
storing or transporting. Preliminary experimental
studies on the extrudability of the wet manure and
on the pressure drop and drying characteristics of
the packed bed indicate that the material can be
dried succelsfully in a through-flow system. The
steam was forced through the bed of wet extru-
sions in a laboratory-scale test apparatus which
permitted easy removal of the test section for
periodic weighing. The equipment was cspabte of
achieving the following limits oa the drying
parameters: bed depth of 9 inches; superficial
velocity of 1000 feet per minute; fluid temperature
of 350 deg F; superheat equivalent to 140 deg F.
Provision for pressure drop, flow, and tempera-
tun measurement was incorporated in the system.
(Bundy-Iowa State)
0814 - D3
PYROLYStt OF LIVESTOCK WASTES,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
RlTwhtte, and E, V. Tajganides.
In: Livestock Waste Management and PoDutlon
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971,p 190-191. Jflg. J tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Anaerobic conditions,
Poultry, Swine, Cattle, Thermal capacity. Odor,
Waste treatment, Incineration.
Identifiers: 'Pyrolysts.
Pyrolysis is the 'anaerobic' incineration of wastes
in contrast to combustion which might be termed
'aerobic' incineration. Pyrolysis is the chemical
decomposition of materials heated to high tem-
peratures in the absence of free oxygen. Animal
manures were heated to 800 deg C at a controlled
rate and in an airtight vicor tube placed inside a
standard muffle furnace. The released gases were
collected by displacing a brine solution and their
composition was determined by a standard burrett
gas analyzer. Quantities of gas produced and their
average composition are tabulated. Advantages of
pyrolyiis include the production of gases which
can be reclaimed (or heat energy and a dry and in-
nocuous residue product with reduced volume.
(Bundy-Iowa Slate)
0815 - D2
DRYING POULTRY WASTE,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering. .
T. C. Surbrook, C. C. Sheppard. J. S. Boyd, H. C.
Zindcl,andC.I.Plegal.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 192-194.4 fig, 4 tab, 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, Drying,
Proteins, Poultry, Potassium, Phosphorus, Tem-
perature, Time, Storage.
Identifiers: Pneumatic drying process. High tem-
perature drying.
Experiments were conducted to evaluate a com-
mercial poultry excreta drier and to minimize
nutrient losses in the resulting product. The output
of this machine was 340 pounds per hour of dried
poultry waste. Drying is a potential way of han-
dling poultry wastes from an economic stand-
point. The fiaal product, dried poultry waste, is in
a form which can be easily handled. Samples of
'dried poultry excreta show a wide (11-31 percent)
variation in protein content. From 50 to 65 percent
of the available protein remains in the dried
poultry wasu. Trials were conducted to relate
protein loss to the amount of heat as measured at
one point in the drier. In temperature ranges from
450 deg to 700 dcg F, there was a rang* of three
percent on a dry basis from the same unprocessed
waste. Generally speaking, the low range of tem-
peratures were loss destructive of protein. Then is
a relationship between protein loss and storage
time. This is not evident for 14 days or less storage
lime. Protein loss is evident for storage periods of
four to six months in commercial poultry houses.
' (Bundy-Iowa State)
0816 - Bl, Fl
ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM
CONFINED LIVESTOCK,
Purdue Univ.. Lafayette. Ind. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Economics.
W. H.M.Morris.
In: Livestock Waste Management sod Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 195-196.4 tab, 3 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Economic feasibili-
ty, 'Waste treatment. Aerobic treatment, Costs,
Fertilizers, Nutrients. Waste disposal. Oxidation
lagoons.
IdeaUfiers: 'Field spreading.
The costs of handling livestock wastes must be
considered in the framework of the total produc-
tion system, and this may change the location,
volume, consistency, and composition of the
waste. Furthermore, such items as slotted floors
and oxidation ditches often comprise a large part
304
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of the total cost of a building. Under U.S. condi-
tions, the cost of disposal of livestock wastes ex-
ceeds their value. No one system of disposal it the
leatt costly or the most profitable under ill cir-
cumstances, Factors such as the cost of labor and
of capital and availability of land in different
seasons determine the economically optimal
system. No profitable method can be foreseen for
industrial or domestic utilization of any significant
part of the livestock waste produced. It is ex-
pected that the producer will continue to use the
presently available systems of disposal for the
foreseeable future. Spreading on land, anaerobic,
and aerobic treatment and feeding all seem practi-
cal alternatives. The economic choice depends on
the species, the environment, and many other fac-
tors. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0817 - Bl, Fl, F3
MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY
MANURE,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept.
of Animal Industries.
H.C.Jordan.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971,p 197-198.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizeri,
•Nutrients, "Poultry, Market value. Byproducts,
Odor, Nitrogen.
Identifiers: 'Compost, Soil conditioner.
Surveys were sent to firms engaged in processing
and marketing poultry manure as a fertilizer or or-
ganic soil conditioner. The needs for a marketable
product are: (I) Total anaerobic microbe count
must be reduced through drying to control odor;
(2) Odor must be reduced to nil and then may be
mashed with a plesant odor for lawn and garden
trades; (3) Nitrogen in the form of urea and uric
acid must be stabilized so that it is not released
quickly and does not burn plants for lawn and
garden sale; (4) The product must flow through a
lawn spreader and be easy to handle for lawn and
garden trade; (5) The product must be stored in
bags without picking up water and giving off odor
for lawn and garden market; (6) Advertising and
sale must be done without 'poultry manure' in the
name of the product because of consumer or buyer
resistance, with the possible exceptions of indus-
trial sales and naming an organic product 'com-
posted poultry manure'. One may need to guard
against negative advertising of odors, diseases,
burning plants, and drawing flies.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0818 - Dl, El, Fl
THE ECONOMICS OF SWINK WASTE
DISPOSAL,
Environmental Research and Applications, lac.,
Wilton, Conn.
R. W. Okey, and S. Balakrishnan.
la: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 199-203, 5 fig,«tab, 26 ref.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Costs, 'Economic
feasibility, Aerobic treatment, Nitrification,
Dcnitrification, Waste treatment. Waste disposal.
Phosphorus.
Identifiers: Phosphorus removal.
It is desirable to codify and apply research
findings from several applicable disciplines and to
review the cost/effectiveness ratio ot waste treat-
ment procedures in the light of new pollution eon-
trot laws. The essential requirements of treatment
are considered to be the total stabilization of car-
bonaceous and nitrogenous materials with no crea-
tion of odors. Possible treatment methods include
(I) round disposal, (2) lagoon storage, (3) total ox-
idative treatment, (4) organic solids separation and
treatment of the liquid stream, (5) primary treat-
ment plus nitrogen and/or phosphorus removal
and/or dissolved solids removal. The costs for
waste treatment for a 5,000 animal swine system
ranged from $17,«00 for a 'solids separation prior
to oxidative conversion of ammonia' system to
$35,300 per year for a 'basic oxidation treatment
with nitrogen and phosphorus removal' system. If
total solids removal was required, the overall
management costs of either system would be 'i-
creased by $7,300 by adding a membrane system
to remove all the inorganics. In addition, a
satisfactory point of ultimate disposal must be
ound for the solid, which were separated out. For
small livestock systems, the cost per unit will be
increased slightly for most treatments.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0819 - Bl, Fl, F3
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OP ENVIRON-
MENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CON-
FINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS,
Oklahoma Slate Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of
Agricultural Economics.
D. D. Badger, and G. R. Cross.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 204-207.3 fig, 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens.
Costs, Regulation, Farm lagoons, Cattle, Hogs,
Oklahoma, Waste treatment.
Recently instituted air and water quality standards
and resulting State legislation have caused con-
fined animal feeding operators to invest con-
siderably more in construction and operation of
their production system. Approaches being used to
handle the animal waste and water runoff problem
include stockpiling of manure, land spreading, use
of oxidation ditches, and use of stabilization
ponds. B>ef wastes are handled mainly by scrap-
ing, loading, hauling, Had dumping. Costs for this
type of handling are 0.15 to 1.0 cents per pound of
gain for sizable feedlots. Hog operations are
generally either pasture, feeding flow-no lagoons,
slotted or solid feeding floor with adjacent lagoon,
or slotted floor with lagoon directly below. Pasture
systems had waste handling costs of 0.5 to 0.1
cents per pound of gain, solid feed floor-no lagoon
systems had costs of I to 0.2 cents per pound, nnd
totally slotted floors had labor costs of 0.5 to 0.)
cents per pound of gain. Implications are that site
selection will be much more critical in the future.
Increased use of zoning to keep incompatible
operations and urban areas separated will be
necessary. (Schmitt-Iowa state)
0820 - A2, Bl, Fl
COST OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS
OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CON.
FINED CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS FOR
THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
H. Y. Lee, and T.R. Owens.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio Slate University, April
19-22.1971, p 207-2(0.1 fig, 5 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Agricultural
runoff, Confinement pens, F«-ed lots, Costs, Tex-
as, Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Southern High Plains!
The Southern High Plains of the U.S. has wit-
nessed the rapid expansion of confined cattle feed-
ing operations. From lest than 500,000 head of fed
cattle marketed in 1959, the figure increased to
over 2.5 million bead by 1969 in the state of Texat
alone. Surplus feed grain supply, abundant feeder
cattle tupply, dry and mild climate, gentle terrain,
and an excellent transportation network con-
tributed to the development. Some of these factors
have .also contributed to serious water pollution
problems. An immediate solution to the problem
might be the utilization of collection basins to col-
lect feedlot runoff for subsequent discharge to an
open field or modified playa lake or alternatively
left for natural evaporation. The two runoff con-
trol systems are termed, respectively, 'mechanical
discharge systems' and 'evaporative discharge
systems'. Annual costs would range from $1,011 to
13,125 for 5,000 and 25,000 head lots, respectively.
This is an average cost of 8.2 cents per head of oc-
cupancy. Disposing of solid manure is still a major
problem with these systems. A 'modified environ-
ment system' consisting of concrete slotted floors
and a roof covering the pen area and collection pits
appears promising. This type of construction is
estimated at about $75 per head, compared with
$25 per head for a typical cattle feedlot.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0821 - B2, D4
AN OXIDATION DITCH FOR THE HANDLING
AND TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
R. C. Loehr, D. F. Anderson, and A. C.
Anthonisen.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 209-212,5 fig. 3 tab, 5 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration. 'Aerobic
treatment, 'Poultry, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Chemical oxygen demand, Waste storage, 'Waste
water treatment, 'Oxidation lagoons.
An oxidation ditch was used to handle and treat
poultry wastes from a cage layer operation. The
results showed that an oxidation ditch it a reasona-
ble alternative for handling, treatment and
disposal of poultry wastes where odor control,
liquid waste handling and reduction of the oxygen
demand are desirable or necessary goals in a
poultry operation. Mixed liquor should not be
disposed of in surface waters;, however, land
disposal is an acceptable disposal method. There
was no overflow from this ditch due to the high
evaporation rate. The ditch acted « »» aerated
holding tank. Total solids exceeded 8% when the
ditch was emptied after 274 days of operation.
BOD5 was 4200 tng/1 and total nitrogen was 3800
mg/1 when the ditch wat emptied in January 1971.
Balances on the system showed 53 percent total
solids. 62 percent volatile solids, S3 percent
BODS, 63 percent COD, and 31 percent of the
total nitrogen were lost over the 274 day run. The
original volume of the ditch was 1200 gallons. To
offset 2100 gallons of evaporation, a total of 2900
gallons of water was added intermittently. After
startup, the pH ranged from S.O to 6.5. Air flow in
the control chamber wat 3 to 5 cfm per bird for the
246 birds. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0822 - B2, D4
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT OF A PA8VHR OXIDATION
DITCH ON A LARGE BRITISH COLUMBIA
SWINI FARM,
Department of Agriculture, Abbotsford (British
Columbia).
T. A. Windt, N. R. Bulley, and L. M. Staley,
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
oa Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 213-216.1 tab. 7 fig. 11 rel.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Oxidation
lagoons, Hogt, Watte Storage. Biochemical ox-
ygen demand, 'Waste water treatment, Odor.
Identifiers: Paaveer ditch.
One 350 to 400 hog unit of a 25,000 commercial
305
-------
•wine enterprise wu equipped with * Patveer ox-
idation ditch. The ditch w» i capacity of 3,000
cubic feet and it approximately 220 feet long, 3
feet deep, and filled and maintained at a 22 inch
liquid level. Hogs were placed in the structure in
early June 1970. Foaming occurred about one
month after placement and wai controlled with an
antifoam agent. The oxidation ditch has given
complete odor control of the waste. The effluent
from the ditch is easily handled by most pumps for
final disposal. The cost of operating the 5 hor-
sepftwer rotor for the ditch was about 25 cents per
finished hog, at an electricity cost of 1.1 Cents per
Kw-br. The oxygen concentration in the ditch
measured at two-week intervals has varied from 3
to 6 ppm oxygen. The theoretical loading rate of
volatile solids was based on a value of 5.9 pounds
of volatile solids per day per 1000 pounds of live
weight. The BOD has ranged from 600 to 2,000
ppm in the oxidation ditch, compared with a BOD
value of 40,000 ppm for the raw 2aste. There
seems to be a cyclic nature to the quality of con-
tents in the oxidation ditch but this is not
completely understood. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0823 - D4, F4
BEEF WASTES AND THE OXIDATION DITCH
TODAY AND TOMORROW,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultursl
Engineering.
R. E. Larson, and I. A. Moore.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 217-219.4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Aeration, 'Oxidation
Ugoons, Waste storage, Cattle, Biological oxygen
demand, 'Waste water treatment.
The oxidation ditch can be operated at • batch
system for treatment of beef animal wastes in cold
climates. Ill role at a management system, how-
ever, will be limited to that of collection, odorless
temporary storage and partial treatment. Seconda-
ry and complete treatment of wastes will probably
be accomplished by land disposal. In areas with
below zero winter temperatures, a 'ditch* can be
operated successfully for a 150-day batch period.
After starting with a loading rate of 50 cu. ft. per
'animal, the solids concentration builds up to about
10-11%, which appears to be a maximum for suc-
cessful operation. An estimated 20-30% REDUC-
TION IN SOLIDS HAS BEEN ACCOM-
PLISHED. These reiulti aod the other measured
parameters Indicate the design criteria for use of
the oxidation ditch for beef systems wilt be very
critical and additional research it necessary. There
is also a need to study the interrelation between
ventilation system design and the efficient opera-
tion of the ditch. Solids handling, especially with
high roughage and whole grain rations, present
some unsolved problems. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
liquid manure continuously terated in 'fill and
draw' oxidation ditches have been monitored over
a number of 28-day storage periods over the last
two years. While BOD reductions were less than
had been expected on the basil of theoretical rotor
efficiency, losses of nitrogen caused by nitrifica-
tion-denitrification were very large and exceeded
50% of input as soon as active population of
nitrifien had become established. Solid manure
aeration was evaluated in a drum fined with an in-
ternal mixing rotor. The input consisted of equal
volumes of poultry manure and soft wood
shavings. The compost when discharged, after six
days retention within the machine, was dark
brown in color and had a strong but short-lived
odor of ammonia. Although not completely stabil-
ized, the compost could nevertheless be stored for
extended periods of time without developing ob-
jectionable odors. (Scbmitt- Iowa State)
0825 - C4, C5, D4
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROBI-
CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTE,
School of Agriculture, Aberdeen (Scotland). Bac-
teriology Div.
K. Robinson, I. R. Saxon, and S. H. Baxter.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 225-228.7 fig, 2 tab, < ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment.
Aeration, Chemical oxygen demand, Salmonella,
Streptococcus, Pathogenic bacteria, 'Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: "Staphylococcus.
The aerobic microbial degradation of swine wastes
was evaluated in field studiei. Studies on the in-
fluence of diet on the composition of waste as a
microbial substrate have shown the excretion of
Inhibitory levels of copper. Chemical analyses of
some of the soluble components ,have made it
possible to compare the rates of breakdown of
these components with changes in pH and the rate
of removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand. A
progressive and marked fall in oxygen solubility
occurs as the waste concentration increases.
Suspensions of Salmonella, Streptococcus, or
Staphylococcus were inoculated into aerating
urine cultures; these organisms survive for period*
exceeding 8 days. It is possible to produce *
biologically stable effluent, occasionally with a
satisfactory BOD, and a clean, odorless, residual
solid. Further work is needed to show how the
process of purification can be unproved and more
clearly understood. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0824 - D4
AEROBIC TREATMENT OK LIQUID AND
SOLID POULTRY MANURE,
Ouelph Univ. (Ontario).
J. Pos, R. 0. Bell, and J. B. Robinson.
In: Livestock Waste Management nnd Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 220-224.7 tab, 6 fig, 11 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoons,
Btodegradatten, Nitrification, Denitrification,
Aeration, Poultry, Waste storage, 'Waste water
trutntot*
Identifiers: •Compost.
Effects of aerobic treatment on liquid and solid
poultry manure have been evaluated In a number
of pilot studies. The changes in composition of
0826 - E2. E3
CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSES AS
AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE
FEEDLOT WASTE,
Southwestern Great Plains Research Center,
Bushland, Tex.
A. C. Mathers, and B. A. Stewart.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 229-234.2 tab, 6 fig, 3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Grain sorghum,
•Crop response. Soil tests, Leaching, Nitrates,
Cattle, Feed lois, Irrigation effects.
A field study was initiated In 19M to determine, the
effect of varying rates of cattle feedlot waste on
crop growth, nitrate content of forage, and accu-
mulation of nitrate, chlorides, and other con-
stituents in the soil profile. Rates of feedlot waste
were 0,10, 30,60,120, and 240 T/A applied to the
same plots annually. One treatment received 240
T/A the first year only. Commercial fertilizer
treatments of 240-0-0 and 240-50-50 tbs/A applied
annually were alto included to compare to the
waste treated plots. Wastes were spread and
plowed under in the spring. In 1969, the plots were
not irrigated prior to seeding grain sorghum, but
they were in 1970. Seasonal irrigations were ap-
plied as needed to provide adequate moisture for
plant growth. Soil samples were taken before the
experiment was started, at seeding times, and fol-
lowing harvests. Samples were analyzed for
nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, chlorides, and conduc-
tivity. Yield values and soil analyses concerning
the first two years of the study are presented and
discussed. (SchmitMowa State)
0827 - B2, D4
A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE WATER
RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING
PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM LIQUID
FEEDLOT WASTE,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
A. E. Erickson, J. M. Tiedje. B. G. Ellis, and C. M.
Hansen. '
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 232-234.2 fig. 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Nitrification,
Denitrification, Nutrient removal. Feed lots.
Hogs, 'Waste water treatment.
Identifiers: 'Barriered Landscape Water Renova-
tion System.
A Barriered Landscape Water Renovation System
(BLWRS) consists of an inexpensive impervious
water barrier installed below the surface of sand
soils. The barrier modifies the soil environment so
that an aerobic zone and an anaerobic zone are
formed in the soil. The liquid waste is spread on
the aerobic zone where the organic matter is
decomposed and the nitrogen compounds nitrified.
The nitrate is leached into the anaerobic zone
where denitrifkation takes place. The phosphate i*
removed from the system by adsorption on a
phosphate adsorber and in the soil The renovated
water, low in adsorption on a phosphate adsorber
and in the soil. The renovated water, low in
nitrogen, phosphate, and organic matter, seeps off
the edges of the barrier into the aquifer or the
water can be collected and, recycled. Anaerobic
swine waste was spread on this barrier. The total
nitrogen content of the wastewater was 440 ppm
and of the effluent less than 2 ppm. The avenge
phosphate content of the waste was 38 ppm and of
the effluent 0.04 ppm of phosphate. This simple,
inexpensive, nnd efficient way of disposal of
feedlot wastewater will also protect surface and
underground waters from contamination.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0828 - E2, Fl
DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP
FLOWING,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering,
D. L. Reddell, W. H. Johnson, P. J. Lyerly, and P.
Hobgood.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 235-231.4 fig, 4 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Deep Ullage, 'Cost
comparisons, Cattle, Crop production, Crop
response. Trenches, Waste disposal.
Four tillage techniques for deep plowing large
quantities of manure into the soil were evaluated
at Bl Paso and Pecos, Texas, during the summer of
1970. The soQ at Bl Paso is a sandy loam, with a
306
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tandy subsoil. The loU it Pecot ii • lilty clay
loam. Up to 900 toot of minure per Kit can b«
plowed under with a 30-inch moldboard plow at a
minimum coit of 4.5 cent* per ton. In landy toils,
the diik plow ihould be able to plow under at least
600 toni per acre with a minimum cost of 2.1 cents
per ton. The 18-inch plow Is limited to about 300
toot per acre. The trencher seems molt versatile
from the itandpolnt of high ratei and soil penetra-
tion depthi. The coiti wifl be high and in the order
of 50 cents per ton at the 900 ton level. The
complete mixing of manure and soil as done by the
trencher is Impressive. At this time, the water
quality program shows no serious pollution
problem for surface water runoff. The soil water
samples at the 4-foot depth indicate that denitrlfi-
cation is taking- place. The major groundwiter and
soil pollution problem would appear to be from
•odium chloride. (Schmltt- Iowa State)
0829 - A3, C3, C4, E2
WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM CRASS-
LAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID,
AND'DRV DAIRY WASTE.
Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Animal and Dairy
T?A°UcCaskey, 0. H. Rollins, and I. A. Little.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 239-242.1 fig, 5 tab. 4 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Return How, Water
quality. Cattle, Odor, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Agricultural runoff, "Water reuse, Waste
disposal.
Identifiers: •Field-spreading.
Dairy waste was applied to runoff plots to simulate
rates of application employed on Auburn Univer-
sity Agr. Bxp. Station: (a) irrigation of waste from
a holding tank; (b) spreading by • tank wagon, and
(e) conventional manure ipreader for applying
'dry watts'. Irrigation of liquid manure on grass-
land at 0.96 toms per acre (dry basis) once each 3
weeks hai been practiced with commercial equip-
ment for 21 months. There were no significant
odors, flies, or manure accumulation problems at
the disposal site. The application of 0.6 tons per
acre once or twice during a three-weak period by a
tank spreader for 19 months also did not cause any
problems. The application of watte by the conven-
tional method on permanent disposal sites at rates
greater than 3.2 tons/acre once each three weeks
resulted in marked accumulation of manure solids.
Rates exceeding those accomplished with one or
two applications per three-week cycle are not ad-
vised unless a cropping system Is need. The
average BOD5 was 147 mg/1 for runoff from grass-
land applied with an accumulative total of 34 tone
(dry bails) per acre as irrigated waste, 45 mg/1 for
22 tons/acre of semi-liquid waste, 87 mg/1 for 122
tons/acre dry waste, and 17 mg/1 for the control.
(Schmltt-Iowa State)
0830 - C3, E2
FATK 01 INORGANIC FORMS OF N -AND
SALT FROM LAND-DUPOSED MANURES
FROM DAIRIES,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of SoO Science
and Agricultural Engineering.
D. C. Adriano, P. F. Pratt, and S. B. Bishop.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 243-246.1 fig, 7 tab, I ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wattes, •Nitrates, •Leaching,
Ammonia, Denitrification, Salts, Chlorides, Cat-
tle, Path of pollutants, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: •Field-spreading.
Because land disposal without pretreatment ii the
most common method of disposal of cattle wastes
in Southern California, ssltt and nitrates in soils
and groundwaten must become important factors
in dairy waste management. Average nitrate-
nitrogen concentrations of 92, 74, and 66 ppm in
toll solutions at the 10 to 19 foot depth for corrals,
pastures, and croplands, respectively were found
in the Chino-Corona dairy area. Thete solutions
will eventually reach the underlying groundwater.
which at the time of sampling, had lower nitrate
concentrations. Reducing the present cow popula-
tion of 10 per disposal acre to about 3 per acre
would keep nitrate-nitrogen levels at lest than 10
ppm la toil solutions beyond the root zone, in soil
profiles under croplands and pastures. Under ex-
isting conditions, manure from 20 dairy cows had
about the same amount of salt at 3 acre-feet of ir-
rigation water. Maximizing ammonia volatilization
from manure before incorporation into the soil will
reduce the nitrate-nitrogen pool in the soil.
(Schmltt-Iowa State)
0831 - B2, E2
EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE AP-
PLICATION ON SELECTED SOU, CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,
Arkansas Univ., Fayettevllle. Dept. of Agronomy.
L. H. Hileman.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution'
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wattes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 247-248,5 fig.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Poultry, •Fertiliza-
tion, Crop response, Salinity, Sofl properties,
•Soil chemical properties, Saltt.
Identifiers: •Field-spreading.
Poultry manure, especially broiler litter, ia a valua-
ble by-product of the poultry industry. Long-time
ute by farmers hat indicated sofl Imbalance results
from continuous heavy applications. On a dry
weight basis, broiler Utter contains 4.11% nitrogen,
1.45* phosphorus, tad 2.11ft potassium. Broiler
Utter containing 26% moisture wat mixed Into the
upper 4 inches of Rutton tandy loam, Sharkey
clay loam, and Captra* tilt loam, at ratal of 5,10,
15, and 20 tons per acre for a greenhouse study.
Ky-31 Fescue wat planted but did not germinate.
A rapid rite in sod temperature and in pH waa
noted oo all soils. The ammonia relented may react
with the ton clay exchange capacity retnltlng in
high levelt of Ca, K, and Mg ioni in the tofl. con-
tributing to the soluble lalt level. Soil potaisium
levels Incrtaied greatly. High leveli of potaiiium
combined with ammonia inhibit the germination
and growth of most crop plants. Even at the 5-ton
rate, severe tall toxicity waa found on all three
toot three months after litter incorporation. Silt
problems can be determined by toil conductivity
measurement. (Schmltt-Iowa State)
waten due to heavy loadings of organic and inor-
ganic materials. Contaminants studied were total
organic carbon (TOO. NH4+. SO4. PO4, Cl, Na,
Mg, Ca, and K. Bacteriological analyses wen also
performed. Four loading rates, 0, 15, 30 and 45
tons of dry poultry lolids per acre were used in
field plots at well at laboratory toil columns.
Although TOC concentration levels were high in
the field plots, no significant difference could be
found between control and treatments. Nitrate
concentrations exceeded USPHS limits, but the
levels were not significantly different from the
control. Chloride concentration did not exceed
USPHS limits, mlfate concentrations slightly ex-
ceeded the limits. All fecal coliform tests were
negative. Sofl columnt provided a controlled
meant for studying the soil at an effective disposal
media for solid waste. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0833 - Bl, E2
EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS
ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Soil Science.
R. F. Rentier, W. H. Brhardt, and L. M. Walsh.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wattes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971. p 254-257,6 tab, 4 fig. 7 ret.
Descriptor!: *Farm wastes, •Fertilization, 'Crop
response, Aeration, Farm lagoons, Nutrients, Cat-
tle.
Identifiers: Plant nutrient cycling.
Fresh, fermented (stacked), aerobic liquid and
anaerobic liquid cattle manure handling systems
were compared with regard to plant nutrient
utilization by com. la greenhouse studies, dry
matter yields and recovery of nitrogen.
phosphorus, and potaiiium were about the same
for fresh, fermented, and anaerobic liquid
systems, but were significantly leu for the aerobic
liquid lytttm. Total corn yteldi and recovery of
nitrogen and photphoroi were not greatly affected
by oat straw and wood ihavlngt bedding rates up
to IK, but at the 16% rate, yields and nitrogen
recovery generally were significantly lower. Re-
gardless of the handling method, manure increased
corn yields in field studies. Yield Increases were
greatest for fermented and anaerobic liquid
manure applied In the spring. Runoff losses of
total nitrogen ranged from 3 to 24 pounds per acre
annually for winter applied manure as compared to
about 3 pounds per acre for non-manured soil and
spring-applied manure. The concentration of
nutrients in the runoff waa greater from the tod
compared to the fallow soils and greater for fertil-
izer compared to manure treatments.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0832 - A4, Bl, C3, C4, E2
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUB TO BIGH
ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N J.
DtpU of Environmental Sciences.
T. I, Concannon, and B. J. Qenetelli.
Inf Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Waitei, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 249-253,4 fig, 3 tab, 15 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Oronndwater, Water
pollution, SaUnhy, Poultry, Fertilisation, Bio-In-
dicators, Sampling, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: •Oroundwater pollution.
Four specific method! of ditpoting of organic
manures utilize toll at the ultimate disposal media.
These include lagooniag, sanitary landfllling, sub-
soil injection, and the PFC method. AD these
methods could cause serious pollution of ground
0834 - A3, AS, Bl, E2
SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID
MANURE,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept.
of Sofl Fertility.
H. D. Barttett, and L. P. Marriott.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 25S-260,2 tab, 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Waste disposal, Un-
derground watte disposal, Fertilization, Waste
iterate, Cattle.
Identifiers: FUtd-spreading.
The application of animal manure below the soO
surface provides a disposal method which
eliminates problems of odon, flies, and runoff.
Available equipment applies liquid manure four
iachei below the surface at approximately one gal-
lon per square foot, a rate approaching that of sur-
face spreading practices. The annual application of
15 tons of dairy manure per acre added approxi-
307
-------
mately 700 Ib. N to the toil each year. Even after
allowing for estimated crop removal and varioui
losses other than through leaching, a considerable
amount of N remained in the soil. Water soluble N
accounted for about 160 Ib. per acre in the 4 foot
profile; it was assumed some moved below that
level. The optimum rate of manure application is
not substantially greater than that which will
supply the maximum nitrogen required by any
crop, plus some allowance for losses other than
leaching. (Schmitt-Iowa
0835 - D4
AEROBIC STORAGE OF POULTRY MANURE,
Oreenmount Agricultural and Horticultural Coll.,
Muckamore (Northern Ireland).
T. A. Stewart, and R. Mcllwain,
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 261-262,2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Aerobic
conditions. Waste assimilative capacity. Poultry,
•Waste storage, 'Oxidation lagoons.
The use of an oxidation ditch, built directly un-
derneath a 936 bird set of California cages, to aero-
bically store poultry droppings has been in-
vestigated for the past two years. The 2-foot long
rotor is fitted with angle-iron type blades and is
driven by a 1.5 H.P. electric motor at a fixed speed
of 120 r.p.m. Droppings output of the birds during
the first year of operation averaged 245 Ib. per
day, giving a total solids loading of 59 Ib., of which
71% was volatile. The BOD of the fresh droppings
during this period averaged 40,860 ppm., which
was a daily BOD loading on the ditch of 10.3 Ib. To
avoid sedimentation, it was necessary to empty
the ditch when the solids content of the liquid rose
above 30,000 ppm. A nutrient budget at the end of
the first yearly cycle showed that 43 percent of the
total solids, 56 percent of the volatile solids, 60
percent of the COD and BOD and 66 percent of
the nitrogen entering the ditch were lost through
bacterial activity during storage. Foaming, floating
feathers, and mechanical failure of rotor bearings
were the main problems encountered. Electricity
consumption averaged 1 kilowatt per hour.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0836 - C4
SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEP-
TOSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE
MANURE, >
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
S. L. Diesch, B. S. Pomeroy, and E. R, Allred.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971. p 263-266,2 fig, 1 tab, 16 ref.
Descriptors: 'Pathogenic bacteria, 'Farm wastes,
•Aeration, Cattle, Aerobic conditions, Waste
storage, Pollutant identification, Oxidation
lagoons. Public health.
Identifiers: Leptospira pomona.
Leptospira pomona, a pathogen capable of infect-
ing both man and animals, was studied in »n ex-
tended aeration method of animal manure treat-
ment. A laboratory oxidation ditch model was
developed for studying leptospires at simulated
winter environmental conditioni. A fluorescent
antibody technique was developed and utilized for
detection of leptospires. Findings indicate that
pathogenic leptospires are capable of survival for
up to IS days in an aerated model oxidation ditch
and 11 days in effluent and sludge. These findings
do not determine the ability of leptospires isolated
from a manure environment to establish infection
of man and animals. There must be public concern
for potential contamination of the environment
and the development of health hazards because
shedding of leptospires may occur for long periods
of time in infected cattle. The disease is of major
economic and public health importance and
widespread in animal reservoirs. Treatment of
sludge and effluents by chlorination or other
methods is needed before discharge.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0837 - AS, B2, C3, C4, D4
AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUP-
PRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIQUID
SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J. C. Converse, D. L. Day, J. T. Pfeffer, and B. A.
Jones.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971,p267-271,4 fig,6tab, lOref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Odor,
Biodegradation, Hogs, Hydrogen sulfide. Organic
acids, 'Waste water treatment, Oxidation-reduc-
tion potential.
Five levels of aeration of a completely mixed
liquid swine manure system were studied to deter-
mine the effect on odors produced and to study the
degradation of manure under each system. Oxida-
.lion-Reduction Potential (ORP), pH, temperature,
and dissolved oxygen levels of the mixed liquor
were recorded daily. Analyses of the mixed liquor
and off-gas were performed. The average ORP (E-
cal) values for chambers 1 through 5 were +143, -
212, -344, -425, -482 mv, respectively. An average
D.O. of 4.68 mg/1 was maintained in chamber I
while measurable D.O. was only occasionally
found in chamber 2, and never found in the
remaining chambers. The total volatile acids con-
centration in chambers 2 and 3 was about 30 and 10
times less, respectively, than in chambers 4 and 5.
The average total sulfides concentration in the
mixed liquor of chambers 2 and 3 was about 22 and
3 times less, respectively, than in chamber 5. No
hydrogen sulfide was found in the off-gases of
chambers 1 and 2. Chambers 3, 4, and 5 bad an
average of 0.59, 5.78 and 21.57 mg/day as S
washed from the off-gates. If the ORP in the liquid
is maintained in a range from -300 mv to -340 mv
and the pH is in the range from 7.7 to 8.5 the
system will be relatively odorless when compared
to systems undergoing anaerobic degradation.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0838 - C3, D4
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING
AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFICA.
TION OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
A. C. Chang, A. C. Dale, and J. M. Bell.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 272-274,1 tab, 7 fig, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrification,
•Denitrification, Aeration, Aerobic conditioni,
Cattle, Nitrogen cycle, 'Waste water treatment.
Besides biodegradable material, livestock wastes
also contain large amounts of plant nutrients,
which cause pollution problems if they are
released to the environment without control. This
study investigates the fate of nitrogen during
anaerobic digestion of dairy cattle wastes and
seeks a possible way of removing nitrogen before
final disposal. The reduction of total nitrogen was
found mainly due to the volatilization of ammonia
during the aerobic digestion. Temperature has a
significant effect on the stability of the digested
wastes. For complete denitrification of the
digested dairy cattle wastes, acclimated sludge and
a sufficient supply of organic carbon are needed.
The amount of glucose required for complete
denitrification is 150 per cent of the amount
theoretically calculated. This results in a 90 per
cent reduction of total nitrogen. The amount of
manure slurry needed for complete denitrification
of digested dairy cattle manure is an equivalent of
149 mg COD per mg of oxidized nitrogen. With a
sufficient supply of organic carbon, the average
rate of denitrification is 13.26 mg of nitrogen per
hour. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0839 - D4
AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN OF
FARM WASTE,
Rijkszuivel Agrarische Afvalwater Dienst. Am-
hem (Netherlands).
P. Ten Have.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 275-278.1 fig, 7 tab. 1 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Denitrification,
•Aeration, 'Activated sludge, Aerobic conditioni,
Cattle, Hogs, Costs, Waste water treatment Slur-
ries.
One of the ways to reduce dung surpluses is the
exposure to aerobic biological breakdown. The
aim of this treatment is not only the reduction of
the suspended solids in the manure, but also of the
volume by producing effluents which are
discharged to watercourses. When using the ac-
tivated sludge process with a load of 200-300 g
BOD per cubic meter per day, the effluent BOD is
normally 50-100 ppm. The activated sludge settles
very well (Sludge, volume index mostly below 50)
so sludge levels greater than 10 Kg MLSS per
cubic meter can be maintained. The result is a tow
sludge load of less than 30 g BOD per Kg MLSS
per day. When pig slurry is treated, about 40 per-
cent of the original solids has to be removed ai
surplus sludge. With urine only, breakdown
reaches 75 percent. The surplus sludge must be
disposed but has a smaller volume, better de-
waterability, and lack of obnoxious odors. A Urge
part of the nitrogen is lost by denitrification, with
30 percent discharged with the effluent. Biological
degradation is only economically justified in The
Netherlands when agricultural use is impossible
within a range of more than about 10 kilometers
(Schmitt-Iowa Stale)
0840 - AS, D4
LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, A ERA-
TION--CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE,
Clemson Univ., S.C. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
C. L. Barth, and L. B. Polkowski.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Odor,
•Waste storage, Cattle, Farm lagoons, Aerobic
conditions, Waste water treatment, Slurries.
Identifiers: 'Surface-layer aeration.
Storage periods for wastes up to six months are
necessary to maintain the quality of water
resources and to complement schemes for inten-
sified livestock production. A preliminary in-
vestigation of the procedure of low volume, sur-
face layer aeration of stored, diluted dairy manure
was made. Air was introduced into the supernatant
of stored manure at various rates and depths. The
supernatant of properly aerated storage units was
characterized by higher oxidation-reduction
potential, dissolved oxygen, and pH than poorly
aerated and anaerobic storage. It also had lower
volatile organic acid, ammonia, BOD, suspended
solids and odor intensity. The sludge of the well-
aerated unit was characterized by higher solids
308
-------
concentration and * dlitlnct surface separating the
iludje and supernatant zonei. Low volume, sur-
face layer aeration effectively reduced odor
production, produced • scum-free surface and a
more concentrated sludge layer. Favorable ttonfe
conditioni were anoclated with ORP |r«ater than
-JO mv (Ec), D.O. greater than 1.0 mg/1 and pH
ireater than 8.0. An aerated depth of 20 to 24
Inchei wai deiirable. After sixty dayi itoraie,
about 83% of total volume, 11% of the COD and
79% of the nitrogen wai recovered.
(Schmittelowa State)
0841 - AS, B2, E2
SHORT TERM AERATION Of DAIRY CATTLE
MANURE FOR IRRIGATION,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
I. R. Ogilvie, and A. C. Dale.
la: Livettock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceeding! International Symposium
on Livettock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 283-283,4 fig, 12 ref.
Descriptor*: 'Farm waitei, 'Aeration, 'Odor,
Sprinkler irrigation, Watte storage. Cattle, Chemi-
cal oxygen demand, 'Watte water treatment
Short-term aeration reduces odors from dairy cat-
tle wattes. This wai demonstrated by ale of a 2
H.P. floating aerator in a 15 foot diameter, 42 inch
deep tank into which raw concrete yard manure
wat loaded in batch made to a maximum mixed
liquor total solid i content of 1.75 percent and a
COD of 17,600 rog/1. Daily irrigation removed the
excess liquid. The mixed liquor wai odor free at all
times, in the tank and on grassland. There it a con-
version of soluble organics to cell material, ai
about 80% of the soluble COD is removed. The
process requires very good mixing to prevent par-
ticles of roughage from settling. The mixing may
be performed by a turbine in a baffled vessel or by
a Kestener brush in a rectangular tank. Dilution of
the raw manure it necessary to allow treatment but
the extra two volumet of water are usually availa-
ble from rainfall, wathwatcr, or special addition.
The volume of treatment facility is much reduced
from the oxidation ditch. The input oxygen is the
same or somewhat reduced. In cold climates, this
process could be used with an additional aerated
lagoon to take the winter effluent.
(SchmiU-lowa State)
0842 - C5, D4, F2, F5
THE USB OF OXIDATION PONDS FOR
POULTRY PROCESSING WASTE DISPOSAL,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ.,
Blacksburg. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
R. L. Wesley, E. B. Hale, and H. C. Porter.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livettock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 286-287.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Poultry, 'Industrial
wastes, Oxidation lagoons, Odor, Virginia, 'Food
processing industry.
Poultry processing watte is a suitable substrate for
biological degradation by both aerobic and anaero-
bic bacteria. Several poultry processors in Virginia
have faced varying stages of court litigation in-
volving watte disposal. A team of specialists, in-
cluding a biologist, an agricultural engineer, an
agronomist, a sanitary engineer, a poultry
processing specialist and a member of the State
Water Control Board Staff were appointed by the
Dean of Cooperative Extension Service at'VPI to
at list a processor with his problems. This group
gathered the basic facts concerning the problems
at follows: (a) total hydraulic load; (b) BOD 5; (c)
total solids; (d) total dissolved solids; (e) D.O., and
(f) fecal coliformt. Tbete determinations were
made on raw effluent, treated effluent, and on the
receiving stream. A treatment system composed of
a grease and grit trap, a series of lagoons and natu-
ral aeration was developed. These lagoons cover 8
acres, have a capacity of 12 million gallons, and
provide a detention time of It dayi. Reductions
are at follows: (a) 97% BOD removal; (b) 87%
solids removal, and (c) fecal coliformi ait less
than 100/100 ml in the receiving atream. This treat-
ment cost approximately $30,000.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0843 - D4
ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE TIME POR
AEROBIC WASTE DIGKSTORS,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Agricultural En-
D. T. Hill, sad R. E. Smith.
In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 28B-290,5 f«, 2 tab, 5 ref.
Descriptor!: •Farm wastes, 'Activated sludge,
Anaerobic digestion. Time lag, Biochemical ox-
ygen demand, 'Watte water treatment.
Identif Jen: 'Acclimatization time. Time constant.
Extant circnmttanwci for many anaerobic twine
watte lagoons In present use often ensure
aperiodic effluents. The output from operating
anaerobic lagoons is unacceptable for receiving
streams. This research was conducted to establish
design criteria for an aerobic activated -sludge
reactor for use with the aperiodic effluents from
anaerobic lagoons. Objectives were to determine a
general prediction equation for the transient
operation time as a function of the off time of an
aperiodically operating treatment unit and to
determine the effect of a low-maintenance aera-
tion supply on the transient operation time of the
aerobic process. The use of maintenance aeration
was found to have no significant effect on the
value of the acclimatization time. Since there was
no solids removal during the study, acclimatiza-
tion time was defined as the time necessary to
achieve 63.6% BOD reduction in the liquid phase,
and is referred to as a time constant. The accli-
matization time ranged from 5.69 to 15.21 hours
between zero and infinity for values of down time.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0844 — E3, F2
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECY-
CLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY
WASTES
U. 3. Department of Health. Education and Wel-
fare Division ot Nutritional Sciences, Rockvflle,
Maryland.
J. C. Taylor.
Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April
19-22. 1971, pp. 291-292. IS ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'regulation, 'recy-
cling, administrative agencies, legislation, poul-
try.
Identifiers: 'Food and Drug Administration, Fed-
eral Regulations.
Section 3.89 ot the code of Federal Regulations
is a formal statement of policy or interpreta-
tion under Subpart A of Title 21. It states that
the Food and Drug Administration baa not sanc-
tioned and does not sanction the use of poultry
Utter as a feedstuff for animals. Poultry Utter
could contain drugs and antibiotics or their
metabolites and disease organisms may be trans-
mitted to other animals by using poultry Utter
In animal feed. Information thought useful for
FDA to consider before changing its policy In-
clude: 1) a description of the processing meth-
ods and analytical controls, 2) degree of uni-
formity of the product, 3) status of pathogenic
organisms or their toxic metabolites, 4) levels
of pesticides, drugs, heavy metats, or other sub-
stances shown safe for animal consumption, and
3) No harmful residues from drugs, pesticides
or other substances or from ttuer metabolites,
degradation products, or derivatives should oc-
cur in the edible tissues or by-products of ani-
mals consuming the product. At this time, FDA
does not Dave enough information to modify Its
regulation. (Schmitt • 1SU).
0845 - A9, E3
CATTLE MANURE AS PEED FOR CATTLE,
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Au-
burn. Dept. of Animal and Dairy Sciences.
W.B.Anthony.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livettock Wattes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 293-296,2 fig, 11 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Recycling. 'Cattle,
•Animal pathology. Microorganisms, Nematodes,
Feed lots. Feeds.
Identifiers: *Refeeding, Wastelage.
Manure from grain-fed steers was fermented by
lactic acid bacteria and about 16% of the dry
matter was converted to lactic acid. This lactic
acid was neutralized by anhydrous ammonia and
the final product contained 45% crude protein
equivalent. When blended with corn, the ara-
moniated manure was readily consumed by sheep.
Manure blended with ground corn in the ratio 1:1.5
(w/w) was a more efficient ration for finishing
slaughter cattle than a balanced ration containing
corn and supplement or corn, supplement, and
ground hay. All manure voided by yearling steers
fed in confinement was collected and made into
wastelage (57 parts manure. 43 parts ground hay).
The wastelage produced daily using the excreta
from one full-fed yearling steer averaged 51
pounds. A portion (6 Ib.) was fed to the steer that
produced the manure and the remainder (45 Ib.)
wat fed to a beef brood cow. Cottonseed meat
added to a corn-waatelage ration did not ap-
preciably increase animal gain. Spread of infection
of internal parasites and other common ailments of
feedlot cattle did not occur when manure wai fed
over a long period to cattle and sheep. Larvae of
common stomach nematodes did not develop in
wastelage. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0846 - E3, Fl
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE
FOR CATTLE, . ,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Animal
Science.
L. S. BuO, and I. T. Reid.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 297-300,7 tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling. 'Cattle,
•Poultry, Animal pathology, Conforms, Nutrient
requirements, Costs.
Identifiers: *Air dried chicken manure.
Chicken manure, as voided, contains about 75 per-
cent water and 4 percent nitrogen. 70 percent of
the nitrogen is derived from urinary sources and 30
percent from fecal matter. More than 60 percent of
the total nitrogen is in the form of uric acid, 9 to 10
percent in ammonium salts and the balance Is part
of the fecal material. The use of urea and ammoni-
urn salts by rumen microorganisms is well docu-
mented. Acceptability, intake, digestion, and
balance trials were conducted with dairy cattle and
steers to determine the value of air dried chicken
manure (ADM) as a source of nitrogen, calcium,
and phosphorus. The dry matter content of the
ADM as fed was 81.5% and the percentages of
crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus were 30.1,
7.6, and 1.2. reipectively. The grots energy value
wai 2688 Kcal per Kg ai fed. Payability wai not a
309
-------
icrioui diet problem ai long u the ADM contained
leu than 20% moisture. ADM may be uied »« the
tote icurce of lupplemental N for tteen and dairy
cows fed tow-protein baial diets. N, Ca, and F in
ADM are readily available and well utilized by the
animal. The economic advantages for producing
ADM in large quantities are significant at current
cost estimates. (Schmitt- 'Iowa State)
0847 - Cl, Dl, E3
STUDIES OF PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL
VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER
LITTER FOR RUMINANTS,
Virginia Polytechnic Io»t , Blacksbnrg. Dept. of
Animal Science.
J. P. Fontenot, K. E. Webb, B. W. Harmon, R. E.
Tucker, and W. E. C. Moon.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 301-304,5 tab. I fig, 16 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, 'Poultry,
Cattle, Animal pathology, Nutrients, Waste treat-
ment.
Identifiers: Poultry litter.
A possible public health hazard exists when
poultry Utter U fed to ruminants. The objectives of'
this research wen to develop a sterilizing method
which win destroy pathogenic organisms in broiler
Utter, to determine the effect of sterilizing
methods on the nutritional value of Utter, to study
variation in chemical composition of litter among
producers and to study the palatabflity of cattle ra-
tions containing litter. The use of dry heat at 150
degrees C for 4 hours or longer was the only
method which was consistently effective in
sterilizing broiler Utter. Autoclaving and the use of
beta-propiojactone or ethyjene oxide did not con-
sistently affect chemical composition of litter. The
use of dry heat at 100 or 150 degrees C resulted in a
substantial decrease in crude protein content.
There was loss of ammonia upon dry heating. In a
series of nitrogen balance trials with sheep,
nitrogen utilization was similar for Utter au-
toclaved for 40 minutes, dry heated at ISO degrees
C for 4 hours, or acidified to pH 6 and dry heated
at 150 degrees C for 4 hours. There was considera-
ble variation in the chemical composition of
poultry Utter samples obtained from different
areas. No substantial amounts of pesticide
residues were detected in broiler Utter or in tisane
from animals fed processed litter. There appears
to be adaptation to acceptability of litter by cattle.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0848 - E3
DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE (DPW) AS A
FEEDSTUFF IN POULTRY RATIONS,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
C. I. Flegal, and H. C. Zindel.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Waste*. Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971. p 305-307.7 tab, 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, 'Poultry,
Dehydration, Nutrients, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Eggs, Dehydrated poultry wastes.
Poultry excreta, from caged layers, was collected
and dehydrated. The resulting product of dehydra-
tion (DPW) was put into the diets fed growing
chicks and laying bens to determine its nutritional
value. The 4 week mean body weight of leghorn-
type chick* was not influenced when up to 20 per-
cent of the diet was DPW. When diets of 10 or 20
percent DPW were fed to broiler-type chicks, a
significant reduction in mean body weights
resulted at 4 weeks of age. Feed efficiency was in-
versely rented to the level of DPW in the diet. In
two laying experiments, involving leghorn-type
laying hens, incorporation of up to 20 percent
DPW did not influence egg production or feed effi-
ciency to produce egga. Egg quality factors were
not adversely influenced by adding np to 40 per-
cent DPW in the laying ration. Supplementation of
the diets containing DPW in one experiment with
calcium, phosphorus, methionine and energy had
little influence on the criteria measured. The taste
panel was unable to determine a difference
between eggs from hens fed the control diet and
eggs produced by hens fed diets containing 10,20,
and 30 percent DPW. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0849 - E3
DRIED ANIMAL WASTE AS A PROTEIN SUP-
PLEMENT FOR RUMINANTS,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of
Animal Husbandry.
H. F. Bucholtz, H. E. Henderson, I. W. Thomas,
and H. C. Zindel.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 308-310,6 tab, 4 nf.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, 'Poultry,
Dehydration, Nutrients, Ruminants, Proteins,
Feeds.
Identifiers: Dehydrated poultry wastes.
A 134 day feeding trial utilizing nine yearling
steers per group was employed in studying the
varae of dried poultry waste as a protein source for
feed lot cattle. The ration was comprised of 80%
corn silage and 20 percent shelled com on a dry
matter basis. Crude protein levels were adjusted to
12 percent of dry matter with one of the following
protein supplements; dried poultry waste (DPW),
1/2 DPW - 1/2 urea, 1/2 DPW - 1/2 soybean meal.
urea, and soybean meal. Average daily gain for the
respective rations was: 2.75. 3.03, 2.S8, 3.10, 3.35
pounds respectively. Gain differences were highly
significant. Feed efficiency values wen 10.43,
7.31, 8.14, 7.23, and 6.96 pounds respectively. The
relatively poor performance of beef animals fed
DPW may be related to the high proportion (32
percent) of product used in the ration. Digestibility
and nitrogen balance values for sheep indicate that
the animal manures can be successfully used as a
source of energy and nitrogen in ruminant rations.
From management and nutritional considerations,
dehydrated animal wastes must contain more than
25 percent crude protein to economically compete
with other supplemental nitrogen sources for rumi-
nants. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0850 - E3, Fl
THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING DRIED
POULTRY WASTE IN THE FEED OF LAYING
HENS.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Wor-
cester (England). Poultry Husbandry Advisor.
B.Hodgetts.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 311-313,9 tab, 12 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling,
•Dehydration, Poultry, Costs, Drying, Feeds.
Identifiers: Dehydrated poultry waste.
A farm trial was arranged to test the feasibility of
including artificially dried poultry waste in the
feed of a flock of 1800 caged laying hens. A flock
of 800 birds was maintained as a control. The
waste came directly from battery cages and was
dried in a rotary drum type dryer. After prelimina-
ry trials it was decided to use an inclusion level of
10% dried poultry waste. After 58 weeks of lay, no
real differences could be detected in terms of egg
yield, mortality or egg gradings. The flock receiv-
ing dried poultry waste consumed 0.27 ounces of
feed/bird/day less than the control Body weign.
checks showed them to be 0.21 pounds/bird heavi-
er at the end of the trial. The overall cost of the ra-
tion was reduced to S4.80 per ton by including
dried poultry waste. This trial indicated that for
the conditions prevailing it was technically, nutri-
tionally and economically feasible to recycle
poultry waste to the layers at a level of 10%.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0851 - Cl. E3
NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED
AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CAT-
TLE WASTES,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.
Animal Science Research Div. \
L. W. Smith, H. K. Ooering, and C. H. Gordon.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971. p 314-318.8 tab. 5 ref.
Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Recycling. Drying,
Cattle, Sheep, Nutrients. Chemical degradation,
Lignins, Cellulose, Wood wastes, 'Waste water
treatment
Studies were conducted to determine the extent to
which digestibility of manure plus urine aad hard-
wood sawdust (bam waste, BW) or manure alone
was increased by chemical treatments when
reused as feed for sheep. Dairy cattle wattes were
collected from a gutter cleaner. BW were (1) un-
treated or treated by adding and mixing either, (2)
3% tedium hydroxide, (3) 3% sodium peroxide, or
(4) 3% sodium chlorite with the wet wastes. All
were stored in plastic-sheet covered piles for 4
weeks before drying with forced hot air. The four
materials were ground through a 3/8 inch hammer-
mill screen and mixed as 83% BW, 10% cornmeal,
. aad 7% soybean meal. These were pelleted and fed
ad Ub in a completely randomized experiment for
30 days. During the last 7 days, consumptions and
digestibilities were measured. Dry matter digesti-
bilities were: untreated. 23.05; sodium hydroxide,
27.32; sodium peroxide. 34.63; and sodium
chlorite, 35.28. Cell wall digestibilities were: 9.67,
10.50,17.11, and 21.92, respectively. Digestibilities
of chemical treated feces were not increased to the
extent observed in nitro. The less than predicted
fiber digestibility may be the result of rapid
passage of fecal fiber through the rumen or less
than optimum treatment conditions.
(Schmitt-Iowa. State)
0852 - E3, E4
BIODEGRADED HEN MANURE AND ADULT
HOUSE FUE8: THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE
TO THE GROWING CHICK.
Agricultural Research Service, Behsvffle, Md.
Agricultural Engineering Research Div.
C. C. Calvert. N. 0. Morgan, and H. J. Eby.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceeding* International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971. p 319-320,6 tab, 4 ref. P
Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Recycling. 'Insects
•Larvae. Poultry, Drying. Nutrient*. Feed*.
Identifiers: House flies, Musca domestic*.
Initial studies demonstrated the feasibility of using
the house fly larvae to biodegrade or process
caged laying hen manure. Studies conducted on
the comparison of processed hen manure, fresh
dried hen manure; and soybean meal used these
materials to constitute 22% of the diet The materi-
als contained 2.7, 5.2 and 8.0% total Kjeldahl
nitrogen, respectively. Chicks receiving the two
types of manure in the three week growth studies
weighed 93 grama less than those receiving
soybean meal 22% manure does not support op-
timum chick growth. Newly emerged house fUes
contain about 69% moisture, and the dry material
310
-------
it 75% protein and 7% fat. Dried fround adult
home fliei were diluted with celluloie to brim the
protein content to 50% and tail mtterul was tub-
itituted in the chick diet of the growing chick. The
total amount of fly meal in the chick diet w»i 22%
•nd thit wai compared with 22% of 10% soybean
meal. The adult house fly meal lupporta |rowth
equally at well ai soybean meal during the tint
three weeka of the (rowing period.
(Schmitl-Iow. Slate)
0853 - A9. E3
RKCVCLING BROILER BOUSE LITTER ON
TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL
RATES AND EVIDENCE OF BEEF COW
HEALTH PROBLEMS.
Department of Agriculture. Watkiniville, Oa.
S. R. Wilkinson, I. A. Stuedemann, D. I. Williama,
I. B. Jonei. and R. N. Dawion.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 321-324,5 tab. 3 fig, 17 ret.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastea, 'Fertilizers, 'Crop
response. Nutrients, Cattle, Fescuea, Animal
pathology.
Identifiers: Grass tetany. Nitrate toxkity, Lipc-
matosis.
Ores* tetany. nitrite toxicity, and lipomatoaii
problems have occurred with beef grazed in tad
fescue pastures heavily fertilized with broiler
litter. Two Kentucky-31 fetcue pasture systems
were initiated in 1968 with one receiving 9.3 VI.T.
dry broiler house litter per acre per year, and a
control receiving • maximum of 202 Kg N per ha
per year from inorganic sources. These pastures
were treated ai ecosystems and changes in soil,
plant, and animal components were evaluated. Soil
from the surface 5 cm of the littered pasture had a
higher percent of the exchange complex saturated
with K, higher water soluble P and NO3, and a
lower C/N ratio. Plant samples showed increased
total N and potentially toxic levels of NO3-N ac-
cumulations during summer months in the forage.
PerloUne levels in fescue varied from a low in
early spring and fall (160 micro g/g) to a maximum
in August (830 micro g/g). Differential rates of up-
take of K/Ca/Mg during early spring resulted in
grats having K/Ca + Mg ratios greater than 2.2.
Fat necrosis waa detected by rectal palpation in 2
of 21 and 7 of 21 cowl after 1 and 2 yean of study
in the broiler littered fetcue anJ none in 1 of 24 in
the control herd. (Schmitt- Iowa State)
0854 - E2
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS
IN SATURATED SOILS,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
P. R. Goodrich, and E. I. Monke.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971, p 325-328.8 fig, 8 ref.
Descriptors: -> 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers,
•Phosphorus, Nutrient removal, Phosphorus
radioitotopei. Sprinkler irrigation, Leaching, Clay
loam, Path of pollutants, Saturated soils.
The irrigation of animal wastes containing high
concentration* of phosphate onto the soil was
simulated. Two different soils and three concen-
trations of radioactive phosphate were used to
dynamically trace the pollutant movement in satu-
rated soil. The sandy loam with its higher clay con-
tent absorbed up to four times aa much phosphate
at did the land used in toil study. Soils do have a
limited capacity to adsorb phosphate from solu-
tion. While this fact caa be safely ignored with
normal application! of phosphorus fertilizers, it
must be determined and considered in the design
of disposal fields for wastes where phosphorus
concentrations can be quite high. The rate of ab-
sorption may be slower than implied by most
literature references because the soil mass at any
depth is unlikely to react quickly in total to the
phosphorus influx. This was more true for the
finer textured soils than for the coarser ones
Although the finer textured soils adsorbed more
total phosphorus, the phosphorus front still
reached depths much quicker than if the toil be-
hind the front had been totally reactive. The
linearized diffusion equation also predicted a
much sharper adsorption front than was observed
with the two soils tested. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0855 - D2
TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOON EF-
FLUENT BY SOIL FILTRATION,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J. K. KoelUker, I. R. Miner, C. B. Beer, and T. E.
Hazen.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 329-333,2 tab, 6 fig, 5 ref.
Descriptor!: *Fann wastes, 'Nutrient removal.
Fertilization, Sprinkler irrigation, Farm lagoons.
Leaching, Phosphorus. Nitrate, 'Watte water
treatment, Filtration, Iowa.
Identifiers: Soil filtration. Anaerobic lagoon ef-
fluent.
In Iowa, anaerobic manure lagoon effluent can be
successfully treated and disposed of between mid-
April and early November by sprinkler irrigation.
To minimize the possibility of runoff, the applica-
tion rate should be less than half the suggested in-
filtration rate for clear water on the same soil. On
poorly drained soils, a total application of 2 inches
was the amount that could be applied at 0.40 inch
per hour without runoff. Soil filtration removed
from 79-93 percent of the COD, 90-97 percent of
the total P, and 4847 percent of the totat-N when
14.8 to 31.4 inches of lagoon effluent were applied
in one season to field plots. The total-N is the con-
stituent that likely will limit the amount of liquid
that should be applied in a aeason because of high
nitrate-N (130-190 mg/1 N) found in the tile
drainage with intense applications. 600 pounds per
acre of N per season is recommended. Fescue,
brome. and ryegrass have grown satisfactorily
where lagoon effluent was applied as long as the
soil did not remain flooded. Over a three year
period, measures of the chloride ion, an indication
of total salt content, show approaching equilibri-
um, the concentration in the tile drainage about
equal to that of the lagoon effluent.
(Schmitt-Iowa State)
0856 - E3
GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY
WASTE,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
A. R. Overman, C. C. Hortenstine, and J. M. Wing.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22.1971. p 334-337,6 tab, 9 fig. 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, Sprinkler irrigation,
Crop response, Fertilizers, Cattle. Nutrient
removal, Leaching, Slurries.
Identifiers: Dairy wastes.
The soil-plant system wai used as a sink for the
nutrients in dairy waste. Manure slurry of about
0.2 percent solids was applied to plants by sprin-
kler irrigation at various rates to determine growth
response curves. For oats the rates were 1/4, 1/2
and I inch per week, while sorghum received 0.1
and 2 inches per week. Ground water samples1
were collected periodically and analyzed for
nitrites and phosphates. Growth response of both
crops is described quite well by the Mitscherlich
equation, which emphasizes relative yield. Rela-
tive yields of oats were 40, 65, and 88 percent of
optimum for application rates of 114,1/2 and 1 inch
per week respectively. Maximum yield (green
weight) for oats was estimated to be 12.25 tons per
hectare (5 tons/acre), while the value for sorahnm-
iudan«rais was 90.7 tons per hectare (36.8
tons/acre). Oats grown with dairy manure measure
up to those grown with inorganic fertilizer in
chemical composition, palatability, and digestibili-
ty. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0857 - Dl
NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE
WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Agrono-
my.
V. Larsen, and I. H. Axley.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 338-340,6 tab, 17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nutrient removal,
•Soil filters, Denitrification, Nitrogen compounds,
Ammonia, Leaching, Sewsge disposal, Filtration.
Identifiers: Soil filtration.
The addition of 3000 pounds per acre of nitrogen,
50 tons of organic matter and 200 acre inches of
water per year to plants and soil was studied in
reference to changes in sewage as it entered the
soil and passed through the soil to a depth of 30
feet. At this depth these waters were returned to
the surface by pumps. By use of chloride as a
tracer, ground water dilution estimates were made
and a nitrogen balance sheet for the changes,
losses, and destinations of nitrogen throughout the
cycle was developed. The 65 ppm of N in sewage,
when applied at a rite ot 508 cm per year (200
inches per year), was reduced to 11 ppm of NO3-N
after the sewage has passed through 3 meters of
water unsaturated soil and 6 m of water saturated
soil. Denitrification and immobilization of nitrogen
were the two most important factors in nitrogen
removal when treatment rates were 11.7 to 23.7 cm
per week. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0858 - B2, D2, D4, E3
RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR
DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF
DAIRY CATTLE MANURE.
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Food and
Agricultural Engineering.
R. E. Graves, J. T. Clayton, and R. G. Light.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wattes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971,341-344.5 fig, 3 tab. 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurries, 'Screens,
Cattle, Aeration, Recycling, Coliforms, 'Water
reuse, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Bar screening.
Slurries of dairy cattle manure contain many solids
which form scum mats and sludges in holding
tanks and cause other problems during treatment.
A stationary sloping screen with a 0.02 inch bar
spacing used as a pretreatment step removed over
50% of the total solids present in manure slurries
ranging from 50:1 to 2:1 (water to wet manure by
weight). Two aerated treatment systems were stu-
died, one using settled screen effluent and the
other the entire screen effluent. Each system was
duplicated with one using recycled effluent in the
loading slurry and the other using fresh water. No
adverse affects on treatment operations were at-
tributed to recirculation. there was little dif-
ference in the effluents between systems. Concen-
tration of salts and minerals increased'in the recir-
311
-------
dilated systems which might cause problems
eventually. Population of two indicator organisms
did not increase in the recycled systems. Clogging
and damage to pumps and nozzles in irrigating
systems is reduced for the screened liquid. Storage
for intermittent application requires less volume,
and scum mats are eliminated from ponds by
screening. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0859 - D2
THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID
PARTS OF PIG SLURRY,
Instiluut voor Landbouwbedrijfsgebouwen,
Wageningen (Netherlands).
J. C.GIerum.G, Klomp.and H.R Poelma.
la: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 345-347,2 tab. 5 fig.
Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Slurries, 'Separation
techniques. Sieve analysis, Sedimentation, De-
watering, Hogs, Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Centrisieve, Decanter centrifuge,
Vibroscreen, Rotary vacuum filter.
Experiments designed to separate solid and liquid
parts of pig slurry were made with a centrisieve,
two decanter centrifuges, a rotary vacuum filter, a
vibroscreen, and a sedimentation silo. With the aid
of a centrisieve between 30 and 40% of the dry
natter could be removed from pig slurry with a
dry matter content of 5 to 8%. The separated
material has a dry matter content of 14 to 19%.
High demands are made on the homogenity and
supply of the slurry. The material separated by the
decanter centrifuge was quite dry, but the energy
consumption per unit capacity was very high. The
separation capacity of the vacuum filter equaled
that of the decanter centrifuge but had a lower
energy requirement. The separated material from
the vibroscreen continued too wet and the capaci-
ty was also low. The sedimentation silo showed
the biggest reduction of the slurry was initially
high (15-19%) and the storage time was long. The
centrisieve performed best based on results,
capacity and initial expense. The sedimentation
silo also performed well. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0860 - D2
DEWATERING POULTRY MANURE BY CEN-
TRIFUGATION,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
1.1. Ross, J. I. Begin, and T. M. Midden.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 348-350.2 fig, 1 tab, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dewater-
ing, Centrifugation, Waste water treatment.
Moisture content. Time, Temperature.
Identifiers: Imperforate basket type centrifuge.
Manure washing.
Poultry manure is excreted at a moisture content
of approximately 75 percent (wet basis) and can be
dewatered by centrifugation. Tests have been con-
ducted to determine the amount of fluid that can
be removed from fresh manure in an imperforate
basket type centrifuge. The variables investigated
include (1) time of centrifugation -1 to 12 minutes,
(2) centrifugal force • 2000 to 10,000 g, (3) initial
moisture content - 75% to 95% and (4) temperature
- 40 to 120 degrees F. As much as 40% of the water
can be removed from the manure at 75% moisture
content and as much as 70% can be removed at
95% moisture content. Time of centrifugation in a
bowl centrifuge for 1 to 12 minutes has little effect
on the percentage of water removed except at low
relative centrifugal forces (RCF) and high solids
concentrations. Increasing the RCF significantly
affects the percentage of water removed only at
high solids concentrations. Increasing the tem-
perature in the range of 40 to 160 degrees F in-
creases the percentage of water that can be
removed by centrifugation. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
0861 - D2, E3
CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEOUS
SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED-
-LIQUOR,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
L. W. Holmes, D. L. Day, and J. T. Pfeffer.
In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution
Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium
on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April
19-22,1971, p 351-354,8 fig, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, Aeration,
•Centrifugation, Hogs, Nutrients, Proteins, Water
reuse, Waste water treatment.
Biodegradation of swine waste in an under-the-
floor oxidation ditch produces a mixed-liquor that
contains minute, protein-rich particles. The 82.6
percent (dwb) portion of a swine ODML sample
that passed through a 200 - mesh screen contained
75.6 percent (dwb) crude protein. Centrifuged
samples of swine ODML contained a greater per-
centage (dwb) of crude protein and essential amino
acids than corn. Centrifugation is one possible
method of suspended solids concentration. The
solid bowl basket-type centrifuge used in pilot
plant trials was capable of concentrating the
proteinaceous solids in swine ODML from an ini-
tial value of 1.2% S.S. to a desired concentration
of 6 to 8 percent S.S. This represents a volume
reduction of 85 percent. This removes a substan-
tial amount of liquid that contains no measureable
amino acids. COD reduction closely followed S.S.
recovery values. Investigations into potential
health hazards to man and animal arising from in-
fection by pathogenic organisms in the manure will
need to be conducted before this method of
manure recycling may be advocated for common
use. (Schmitt-Iowa State)
1000 — Bl, El
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, FOR
MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MA-
NURE DISPOSAL,
Oregon State University. Corvallis. Agricultural
Experiment Station.
A. J. Muehllng.
Reports of the Twelfth Annual Swine Day, De-
cember, 1970, p. 17-23, 8 Eg.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal,
•Hogs. Feed lots.
Identifiers: 'Building design. Slotted Floors,
Farrowing house. Construction methods. Nursery.
building, Finishing building. Sow confinement.
Hog production systems.
The use of slotted floors in swine housing has
accelerated the use ol confinement housing In
hog production systems In the United States. Spe-
cific facilities which are necessary for swine
production and which successfully employ the
Blotted floors are described. Detailed instruc-
tions for constructing the farrowing house, nur-
sery building, and «nt«iiinfl building are given.
Concrete slotted floors appear to endure better
than wood or steel. However, manure probably
is worked through expanded metal better than
almost any other slotted floor material. All
types of slotted floor materials are considered.
The advantages of various construction mater-
ials and methods are discussed. Floor plans
and pictures depict the aatual building struc-
tures and give additional construction informa-
tion. (Dudley - East Central)
1001 — A5, A8, Cl, D4
INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FIL-
TER FOR SWINE WASTE,
University of Georgia, Athens, Agricultural En-
gineering Department.
L. A. Mulkey. and H. E, Smith.
Presented at 1972 Winter Meeting. American
Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, HI-
inois, December 11-15. W2, Paper No 72-952,
Order No. N172 - 952, 16 p., 2 tab., 1 fig., 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Waste treatment, 'Aerobic treat-
ment. Odor. Trickling filters. Flow rates, •Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Farm wastes, 'Hogs,
Feed lots.
Identifiers: 'Inclined plane, Contact time. Or-
ganic removal, Psychoda fly larvae. Design
equations.
Operating results of an aerobic inclined plane
trickling filter to treat swine wastes are re-
ported. The results indicate that this device can
be used as a component in a waste handling
system/ The organic removal is erratic due to
Psychoda fly larvae but a definite relationship
exists and the equation S/SQ = exp (—0.03L/Q)
(where s/so = BOD concentration ratio, L =
plane length in feet and Q = flow, rate in
gal/hr-ft) may be used as a design guide in
waste handling systems. Contact time for waste-
water and biological growth is determined by
to = 17.25 L/Q. Odor control was found to be
a desirable attribute of the system and actions
of macroorgonisms could aid in the transport
of organic solids across the inclined plane.
(Marquard - East Central)
1002 — A5, Cl, F2, F3
USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS,
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina,
Department of Agricultural Engineering.
C. L. Earth.
Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot
Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No.
72-441, 3 tab., 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Air pollution, 'Odor, 'Regulation,
Clean Air Act, 'Farm wastes. Livestock, Mea-
surement, Quality, Feed lots.
Identifiers: Intensity,' Primary odor list, Syringe
dilution procedure, Osometer.
Because problems with the production and con-
trol of animal agricultural odors are sure to
continue, tighter regulations governing odor in-
tensities will occur. Related difficulties are: (1)
Problems in establishing a list of basic odors,
(2) difficulty in measuring odor intensities and
in making objective odor quality measurements,
Regulations governing odor control vary great-
ly from state to state. Conditions and termino-
logy for odor control need to become more uni-
form. The status of odor regulations for each
state is given. (Dudley - East Central).
1003 — Al, Bl, El
CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVI-
RONMENT,
Environmental Protection Agency. Seattle, Wash-
ington.
Cattle Feedlots and the Environment, U. S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Region X, Seat-
tle. Washington. April, 1972, 63 p., 6 tab., 39
fig., 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Design criteria, 'Air
pollution, 'Water pollution. Farm wastes. La-
goons. Runoff, Waste Disposal, Pacific North-
west U.S.
Identifiers: Waste management. Site selection.
Manure mounds.
This Environmental Protection Agency booklet
presents comprehensive guidelines for the con-
trol and abatement of pollution originating from
cattle feedlot operations, Feedlot wastes should
be considered a natural resource capable of
being recycled. Proper site selection, feedlot
design, and management are needed to ac-
complish this. Site selection la the most im-
portant factor In minimizing water pollution,
Guidelines call for feedlots to be Isolated from
waterways and outside of a 10 year flood plain
Feedlot design should retain all wastes on the
premises until ultimate disposal. This may be
done by manure mounds, holding ponds, or
lagoons. Land disposal Is currently the only
industry-wide method acceptable for ultimate
disposal of feedlot wastes. (Marquard - East
Central),
312
-------
1004 — A5, C3
CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS
COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY,
MANURE,
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina,
and University of Wisconsin, Madison.
C. L. Earth, D. T. Hill, and L. B. PolkowsH.
Paper presented at 1972 Winter Meeting, Ameri-
can Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago,
Illinois, December IMS, 1972; Paper No. 72-950,
Order No. M172-950, 17 p., 2 tab., » lie., 24 ret.
Descriptors: 'Odor, 'Chemical properties. Phy-
sical properties. Air pollution. Dairy Industry,
•Farm wastes. Cattle, Waste storage. Ammonia,
Hydrogen suifide,
IndenOflen: 'Odor intensity index. Liquified
waste management, Odorants. Volatile organic
acid. Acetic add, pH.
Three common odorants were identified and
measured in stored dairy manure. A panel was
selected to Judge these odors which were pre-
sent in only one of three flasks per set The
odorous flasks represented various degrees of
aeration treatment. Results of the experiment
showed that odorous components derived from
lower aeration depths were the most difficult
to distinguish. An odor Intensity index (On)
was established from the experimental results.
Volatile organic add correlated best with the
On. Second best was hydrogen- suifide and
poorest was ammonia. (Frantz - East Central).
1005 — A2.B1.C5, El
FACnJTY DESIGN
Wilson Company, Engineers & Architects, Salina.
Kansas.
R. E. Crawofrd.
Presented at the Continuing Education Semi-
nar: Topeka. Kansas, January 23, 1969; Hutch-
Inson, Kansas, January 28, 1969, 14 p., 9 tab.
Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Runoff, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Design, 'Farm wastes, Livestock.
Hydrology, Precipitation, Waite treatment.
Waste storage, 'Waste disposal. Irrigation.
Identifiers: 'Waste management facilities.
Runoff control Is an integral part of feedlot
operation and cost. The principle steps are
collection, storage and/or treatment and ulti-
mate disposal. Biochemical oxygen demand.
chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxy-
gen data were taken to determine stream-
flow conditions due to feedlot runoff. Runoff
variables of size of feedlot. topography*, stream
location, and flow and precipitation patterns
were studied. At present the use of a retention
system appear! to be the most economical
solution to preventing stream pollution from
feedlot runoff. Two general plans involving
holding basins of ponds are examined in de-
tail. (Wetherill • East Central).
1006 — B1.C5
HYPOTHALAMIC TEMPERATURE
REGULATION IN CATTLE,
Texas AfcM University. College Station.
BE. Stewart, and E. M. Bailey, Jr.
Paper presented at 1971 Annual Meeting, Ameri-
can Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot
Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972. Paper No.
p.. 2 tab.. 10 flg.. 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Cattle, Temperature control. Hu-
midity.
Identifiers: 'Hypothalmus. 'Cranlototny, Can-
nalae. Respiration rate. Thermal environment.
Eypothalmlc heating. Rectal temperature, *Ly-
pothalmlc temperature.
It was theorized that routine access to the hy-
rothalamus by the means of In-dwelling can-
nulae would allow rapid testing of efficiency
In control of body temperature of cattle, A
semi-stereotaxlc method for cannulae installa-
tion was developed. The heat loss center of
two female beef calves was heated by RF
energy: some degree of correlation waa ob-
served between hypothalamlc temperature and
respiration rate. Animals were subjected to a
iteo change 1» thermal environment (78* to
98- with very Ugh humidity); rectal and hy-
pothalamic temperatures were found to be cou-
pled by the respiration rate, with marked in-
dividual differences. The approach appears to
have merits as a system for rapid lndentifica-
tton of heat tolerant breeds and individuals.
(WetberUl - East Central).
1007 — B1,F1
FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING
TO LEARN THEIR "MANURE ECO-
NOMICS",
Beef. Vol. 9, No. 7. p. 43, 6«, March. 1973, 1 flg.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Economics, Cattle.
•Feedlots, 'Waste disposal. Fertilizer. Texas.
Irrigation.
Identifiers: Retention ponds, Playa lakes.
in these excerpts from a speech given at U.S.
Department of Agriculture Southwestern Great
Plains Research Center, Bushland, Texas, feed-
lot operators are urged to familiarize them-
selves with the economics of animal wastes
used as fertilizers. The approximately one ton
of manure a steer produces while in the feed-
lot is viewed as a liability by most feeders.
Manure can be an economic opportunity for
the operator who takes the time and make!
the effort to turn it into a marketable com-
modity. (Wetherill - East Central).
1008 — Al, Bl, F4
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CON-
TROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF,
Cooperative effort of Northern Plains Branch,
Soil and Water Conservation Research Division,
ARS, USDA, and the departments of Agronomy
and Agricultural Engineering, Nebraska Agri-
cultural Experiment Station - Headquarters In
Lincoln. Nebraska. 4 p., 29 ref.
Descriptors: Feed lots. 'Wast* disposal, 'Run-
off. 'Water pollution, 'Soil contamination. Farm
wastes. Cattle, Odor. Groundwater, Terraces,
Sedimentation, Irrigation, Water table. Nitrates,
Nebraska.
Evaluation and control of soil and water pol-
lution from cattle feedtots and studies of the
factors affecting feedlot pollution potential are
the objectives of research studies Initiated at
Lincoln. Nebraska in 1868. Emphasis Is on
waterborne materials, but attention is also giv-
en to air transport and odor 'problems. Ter-
rain, water table, runoff, sedimentation, vltrate
concentrations, and climatic factors are studied
at four test sites: Soil core samples confirm that
flat feedlot* are not major contributors to
groundwtter pollution. Corn fields were in-
creased and no problems of nitrate or salt
accumulations were discovered after applica-
tion of runoff effluent to crops. Oxidation ditch
studies have shown that, with aerobic mainten-
ance of the ditch, odors are absent. Plans have
been completed for two additional research
sites. (Wetherill • East Central).
1009 — A2, Cl, C5
STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE
FEEDLOT RUNOFF
R. K. White.
Project Completion Report No. 393X. United
States Department of Interior, December, lira,
33 p., 3 tab., 14 flg.. 9 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, *Cattle. 'Farm
wastes, 'Feed lots. Runoff, Biochemical oxygen
demand. Nitrogen, Water quality. Climates.
Rainfall. Waste disposal. Irrigation, Ohio,
The extent to which downstream waters an
polluted by animal wastes from barnlot runoff
is studied. Sixty beef steers were placed In
a .42 acre unpaved barnlot with • U% south-
ern slope. They remained there from Novem-
ber to May. Barnlot runoff was discharged into
an Intermittent waterway through an H-ftame
Samples were collected in gallon bottles and
kept at V C. Results show runoff ocean with
a .5 inch rain. Biochemical oxygen demand
concentration and transport were higher la
winter and less In summer. Antecedent soil
moisture conditions significantly affect the
amounts of solids, biochemical oxygen demand.
and chemical oxygen demand In the runoff, with
increased amounts following dry periods. Run-
off can be reduced by utilizing grassed water-
ways or collection ponds and irrigation. (Mar-
quard - East Central).
1010 — Al, F4
PROCEEDINGS: LIVESTOCK WASTE
MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVHSW,
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, 133 p., November
29-30, 1972, 2 tab., 98 ref.
Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Farm wastes, •Man-
agement, "Air pollution. Water pollution, 'Soli
contamination, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste storage,
'Waste disposal. Runoff, 'Feed lots, 'Nebraska.
This multi-disciplinary team effort revealed the
objectives and priorities In fighting agricultural
pollution. Specific governmental and university
programs were pinpointed, outlined, and re-
viewed. The papers presented were, in most
Instances, rather general. (Frantz - East Cen-
tral),
1011 — Al, F3, F4
NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MAN-
AGEMENT PROGRAM,
Agricultural Research Service, BeltsviUe, Mary-
land. V.S. Department of Agriculture.
H. G. Yeck.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lots. Ground-
water, Recycling, 'Livestock, Air pollution, Wa-
ter pollution. Soil contamination. Runoff, Waste
dtopoYal!T Waste treatment, Odor. Nebraska.
Identifiers: 'Livestock waste management re-
search.
Farm waste research project areas are dis-
cussed in an overview. Some areas of researcn
receive adequate concentration while other topics
ilch « recycling farm wastes, are inadequate-
ly considered. Projects which need PerffP»JW{
include those seeking to control feedlot rnnoH
and odor due to land applications of farm
wastes. Researchers are urged to cooperate and
to work concurrently on related projects to
prevent land, air, and water pollution. Recent
outs into research allocations necessitate in-
creased teamwork. (Frantz - East Central).
1012 — F3, F4
REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MAN-
AGEMENT PROGRAM,
R. W. Klels.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 11-15, Novem-
ber 29-30, 1972. 1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Research and development. 'Live-
stock, 'Farm wastes. Management, Air pollu-
tion. Water pollution. Waste treatment. Waste
storage. Waste disposal. Recycling, Nitrogen,
Nutrients, Confinement pens.
Identifiers: 'Soil, U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture. Environmental Protection Agency.
Livestock waste management projects and ob-
jectives are listed for state agricultural ex-
periment stations. The primary purpose is to
enhance the total effectiveness of all participa-
ting agencies and Institutions while preventing
unnecessary duplication. Present efforts have
been building up, as have problems of waste
management, for fifteen years. Needed are
projections of not only economic costs, but
also of social and environmental costs. (Frantz -
East Central).
1013 — Al, F4
POLLUTION OF AIR. WATER, AND
SOIL BY LIVESTOCK,
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Lincoln. Ne-
braska.
313
-------
L. F. Elliott.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 23-28, Novem-
ber 29-30, 1972, 28 Tel.
Descriptors: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution,
•Soil contamination. 'Farm wastes, Feedlots,
Odor, Surface waters, Groundwaters, Livestock.
Identifiers: Spectroscopy Chromatography, Ni-
trates, Oxidation, Soil profiles, Nebraska, Kan-
sas,
Air, water, and soil pollution research projects
are discussed. Air pollution studies include at-
tempt* at developing compounds which caa
reliably Indicate odor*. While surface water
pollution from feedlots is no longer deemed
a major problem, research has been necessary
for the prevention of toil pollution and ground-
water pollution at feedlot sites. Sealants in
holding ponds and debris basins and manage-
ment practice! for land application of feed-
lot waste* are also being studied. (Frantz • East
Central).
1014 — A2, Bl, El
APPLICATION, UTILIZATION AND
DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE,
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Agricultural
Engineering Department.
H. Wlttmus.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education. Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 31-35, Novem-
ber 29-30, 1972,
Descriptors: "Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment,
•Farm wastes. 'Livestock, Feed lota. Runoff
Irrigation. Nitrates. Nebraska, Kansas, North
Dakota,
Identifiers: Mounding.
Disposal from unpaved, beef cattle feed lots
has the greatest pollution potential. Separation
»' »««<« •" refeedlng, <»)
protein production, (6) building blocks. (7) raw
material for oil. (8) methane production. Frantz-
East Central).
1015 — A3, B1.C5, E2
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF
RUNOFF SYSTEMS,
Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln. Nebras-
ka, U, S. Department of Agriculture.
J. A. Nienaber.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p, 39-45. Novem-
ber 29-30, 1972, 18 ref.
Descriptor*: 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lot*, Cattle,
•Runoff, Drainage, Flume*, Terracing, Nebraska.
Identifiers: 'Runoff control system. Debris basin.
Holding pond. Disposal area.
A runoff control system has been successfully
operated on two 1000 head feedlots. Designed
from the University of Nebraska Field Labora-
tory, the system consists of three components:
debris basin, holding pond, and controlled dis-
posal area. This system was proven superior
to the one-pond system for liquid and solid
wastes. Broad basin terrace* may be beneficial
in flood protection a* well a* In runoff con-
trol. Shallow debris basins are recommended
for minimizing waste odor*, Wooden dam*
with crushed rock release runoff from debris
basins. The suggested disposal area I* from
one half up to the full size of the feedlot Itself.
Rainfall, slope length, and size of operation are
among factors which affect runoff control de-
sign. Alternative runoff control systems and
their relative cost* are discussed. (Frantz • East
Central),
1016 — A3, C2, C3, C5, F4
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL
WASTES AND RUNOFF,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Ne-
braska,
J. R. Ellis.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education. Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 49-53, No-
vember 29-30, 1972, 29 ref,
Descriptors: 'Conductivity, 'Farm wastes, 'Run-
off, Thermal properties, Nutrients, Nitrate*,
Phosphorus, Ammonia, Pathogenic bacteria. Wa-
ter pollution, 'Physical Properties, 'Chemical
properties. 'Biological properties. Animal para-
sites, Amino adds. Waste disposal.
Identifiers: 'Pollution potential, Waste manage-
ment.
Chemical, physical, and biological properties
of farm waste* must be further studied to cor-
rectly determine the pollution and management
problems they present. The pollution potential
discharged into streams requires chemical analy-
sis of farm wastes, while design of runoff con-
trol structures lend* itself to determination of
physical properties. Further research is like-
wise needed In assessing life of microorganisms
In feces and In runoff control systems. Because
comparatively little information has been es-
tablished regarding the physical properties of
farm wastes, further research Is suggested In
characterizing feces, urine, and housed feed lot
wastes, especially regarding gross energy, freez-
ing point, and thermoconductlvlty. (Frantz -
East Central).
1017 — Bl. C5, Fl
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL
PERFORMANCE,
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Animal Science
Department.
S. Farlln.
Proceeding*: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review. Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln Nebraska, p. 97-89, Novem-
ber 29-30, 1971, S ref.
Descriptor*: 'Feed lots, 'Farm waste*. 'Wait*
treatment, Nutrition, Nebraska. Missouri. Iowa,
Minnesota,
Identifiers: 'Gains. Animal performance.
Mounding, Cold/warm dot housing.
Increasing animal performance, hence profits,
depend* upon feed lot modification* such at
mounding wastes In winter and decreasing cat-
tle density. Also, cattle with access to sheltered
lot* generally show Increased gain*, higher grade
carcasses, and higher dressing percentages than
cattle In open lot*. Additional research may be
the key to making more accurate estimate* on
the effects of housing and watte management
on return* from feeding cattle. (Frantz • But
Central).
1018 — Bl, Dl, El, Fl, F2
EDUCATION, ACTION AND REGULA-
TORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT,
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Department ol
Agricultural Engineering.
E. A. Olson.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, November 29-30, 1972, p.
6346.
Descriptors: 'Nebraska, 'Economics, Oxidation
lagoon*, Hogs, 'Wait* disposal, Ventilation,
Farm wattes. Odor. 'Feed lots, Cattle. Hogs,'
Inlets (waterways).
Identifier* i 'Nebraska Livestock Feeder* As-
sociation, Department of Environmental Control,
Voluntary waste control, Regulatory waste con-
trol, American Soil Conservation Society. Rural
Economic Agricultural Programs.
Problem* associated with shifting from volun-
tary waste control to regulations adopted by
the Environment Control Council are outlined.
Inspection* of feed lot* and investigations of
existing waste management systems are in
progress. Also outlined is the educational pro-
gram (Including economic factor* coordinated
by county extension agents, consulting engin-
eers and the DEC. Advised maintenance of pre-
sent systems and future research needs are
discussed in outline form. (Frantz - East Cen-
1019 — Al, Bl, E2, F2
PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MAN-
AGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK
FEEDER VIEWPOINT,
•Chairman of the Environmental Management
Committee of the Nebraska Livestock Feeders
Association; Chairman of the Nebraska Feedlot
Waste Control Advisory Committee.
W, Krejci.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education. Lincoln. Nebraska, p. 69-71, Novem-
ber 29-30, 1972.
Descriptors: 'Feed lot*. 'Farm wastes, 'Run-
off. Odor, 'Cattle, 'Hogs, Lagoons. Surface
waters, Nebraska, Air pollution. Legal aspects
Identifiers: 'Agricultural Research Service, De-
partment of Environmental Control.
Livestock feeders have sacrificed some of their
freedom for the Improvement of the environ-
ment. Arguments and recommendations are con-
sidered from the feeders' viewpoint. Filtering
runoff through fields is a suggested alternative
to concentration of runoff into holding pond*.
Also, swine wastes should be u much in gov-
ernmental focus as are cattle waste problem*.
More extensive data will be required to control
some feed lot runoff problems, but proper
management and further governmental and ed-
ucational cooperation will aid feeders. (Frantz •
East Central).
1020 — Al, E2, F3
POLLUTION OF AIR, WATER AND
SOIL BY LIVESTOCK,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebras-
ka.
T. M. McCalla, and G. E. Schuman.
Proceedings: Livestock Watte Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continu-
ing Education. Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 78-79,
November 29-30. 1972, '
Descriptors: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution.
•Soil contamination, 'Feed lots, Odor. Runoff.
"Waste storage, 'Waste treatment, 'Wast* dis-
posal, Livestock. 'Farm waste*, Nitrate*,
Oroundwater.
Identifiers; 'Abandoned feedlot, reclamation.
Although researchers have solved many prob-
lems, they have uncovered many area* which
require further research. A standard method
for defining odorou* compound* I* needed.
More reliable maintenance and sealants are
needed to prevent seepage Into ground water.
Experiments in land disposal should be carried
out for at least ten year* to assure long
range effects. (Frantt • East Central).
1021 — A2, Bl, El, F2
APPLICATION, UTILIZATION AND
DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES,
University of Nebraska. Lincoln. Agricultural
Engineering Department. . •™"""™
O. E, Croat.
Proceeding*: Livestock Watte Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Descriptors: •Farm waste*. Feed lota, 'Waste
disposal, 'Recycling. 'Water pollution, •Applica-
tion methods, irrigation, 'Soil management, Ph£
slcal properties. Chemical properties. Runoff
Groundwater. Effluent*, Nitrate*. CentrUngatton •
Conductivity, Phytotoxldty. Cattle, Hen.7 ToS
Identifiers; MlcronutrienU.
Research plan* for fourteen project* are given.
Research objectives and problems to be faced
314
-------
are dlscusied, current problenu Include wute
management, wute utilization, runoff control
systems, effluent disposal and effects of disposal
on agricultural land. (Frantz - Ext Central).
1022 — A2,A5,B2,F3
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DE-
SIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYS-
TEMS.
Airlcultural Research Service, Lincoln. Nebru-
ka, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Proceeding!: Livestock Waste Management Re-
view Nebruka Center for Continuing Educa-
tion, Lincoln, Nebruka, p. 93-97, November 29-
30, 1972, 4 ref.
Descriptors: 'Feed lot, 'Wute disposal, Nebras-
ka? 'Farm wutes. 'Pollutants, 'Cattle, Gravity,
Irrigation, 'Runoff, Effluents. Infiltration.
Identifiers: Environmental Protection Agency.
Buffer strips. Field disposal. Meat Animal Re-
search Center, University of Nebruka Field
Laboratory, Soil Conservation Service.
Current niearch should partially resolve feed
lot runoff problems, but the goal is set for
"zero pollution." New plans and objectives for
overland flow, buffer strips, feed lot floor de-
sign and topographical research are discussed.
These method* require researched proof of en-
vironmental acceptability. Proper distribution of
effluent is of major concern to the Soil Con-
servation Service. Odor, because of nuisance
suits, may be the greatest runoff problem. The
facilities ot the University Field Laboratory
and Meat Animal Research Center la aiding re-
search in several runoff control areu. (Frantt •
East Central)
1023 — Cl, El
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK
WASTE AND RUNOFF,
AaVculfttral Research Service, Lincoln, Nebras-
ka. U.SY Department of Agriculture.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Ha-
search Review, Nebraska Center of Continuing
Education, Lincoln. Nebruka, p. 101-103, Novem-
£,r M.30, 1472. » re*.
and disposal are listed In order to priority;
odors, nutrient or chemical control or adjust-
ment, treatment for reduction, land disposal,
re-use, and system selection. Housed livestock
research facilities at Nebraska's Meat Animal
Research Center are described and possible re-
search suggestion* are listed. (Frantz • East
Central).
1025 — Dl, El, F3
OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS,
University of Nebruka, Department of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
W. E. Splinter.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 113-114, Novem-
ber 29-30, 1972.
Descriptors: 'Firm wastes. Proteins. Runoff,
•Feed lots. 'Waste disposal. •Recycling. Con-
llnement pens, Aquatic animal*. Hog*. Cattle.
Filters, Nebraska.
Identifiers: 'Paunch manure, Horses.
While needs are being met In many research
fields, several areas will require Increased at-
tention. Alternate methods of recycling cattle
manure, the use of grass as a runoff filter,
and the treatment and disposal of twine, hone
and aquatic waste* should further be explored.
(Frantz • East Central).
Descriptors! •Farm
•Chemical properties, 'Feed lota, Collformi.
Pathogenic bacteria, Lagoons, Management.
•Waste disposal, Degradation, Runoff, Cattle.
Identifiers i 'Catonle nutrients. Mounding, Micro-
Dial properties.
Defining physical, chemical and mleroUtl char-
SSeristics h basic to current and future farm
waste disposal and runoff control. Tore* proj-
ects whose aims are determining physical and
chemical properties in relation to toe .mechanics
ofwaate disposal are discussed. Approximately
Sreeyears wUl be required to complete needed
research in these areas. (Frant* • East Central).
1026 — F3
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR'S SUM-
MARY,
Agricultural Research Service. North Central Re-
gion, PeorU, Illinois, U.S. Department of Agri-
culture.
T. B,. Klnney, Jr.
Proceedings: Livestock Waate Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p, 117-119, Novem-
ber 29-30, 1972.
Descriptor*: 'Farm waste*. Research.
The regional administrator encourage* research
efficiency by Increased cooperation among state,
federal and Industrial group*. Research priorities
must be Justly established and sound research
must be carried out on high priority prob-
lenu. (Frantz - East Central).
1024 — Bl, F4
WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF
HOUSED LIVESTOCK,
U S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural
Research Service. day Center, Nebraska, U.S.
Department of Agriculture.
Proceeding*: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review. Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 107-110, Novem-
£er JMOV 1972, 1 tab,
*: 'Shesp, 'Cattle, •Hog*. Nebraska,
B.CYUUV, Pollutants, Odor, Waste disposal,
{confinement Pens, 'Feed lot*, Nutrient*, Oxida-
tion. Waste treatment, Transportation,
Identifiers: 'Housed confinement, Meat Animal
Research Center.
Although farm wast* problem* an in great
need of research. Uveitock confinement provide*
numerous advantages: greater mechanisation
of chores, animal protection, and potentially
Increased production. Specific problem* related
to waste collection, treatment, transportation
1027 — F3
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR'S SUM-
MARY,
Agricultural Research Service, North Central
Region, Peorta, Illinois, U.S. Department of
Agriculture.
H. M. Teeter.
Proceedings: Livestock Wait* Management Re-
search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing
Education, Nebruka, p. 111-124, November 29-
30, 1*78.
Identifiers! 'Program Planning Review.
Researchers should be required to do fewer
review* and report* that could be don* through
the Program Planning Review. The Program
Planning Review plan* and evaluates research
program* and uses*** the quality and effective-
ness of research. (Franti -But Central).
High priority problems call for specific research
approaches. Shortage of funds necessitates con-
solidation of some programs and reduction of
others. Resources should be budgeted for effi-
cient research at all locations. (Frantz • East
Central).
1029 — F9
CONCLUDING COMMENTS,
Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Ag-
riculture, University of Nebraska. Lincoln.
H. W. Ottoion.
Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re-
search Review, Nebruka Center for Continuing
Education, Lincoln, Nebruka, p. 127-129, Novem-
ber 29-30. 1972.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Crop production.
Livestock. Soils. Marketing, Wute disposal.
Odor. Feed lots. Confinement pens, Nebraska,
Identifiers: 'Agricultural Research Service, En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Land application.
The livestock wute management conference
was * success. The conference was a bench
mark Inventory on which research in livestock
waste management may be planned in the fu-
ture. (Frantz - East Central)
1030 — C3, E3
RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED
FROM CATTLE MANURE ,
Northern Marketing and Nutrition Research Di-
vision, Agricultural Research Service, Peorta,
Illinois, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
R. W. Jonei, J. H. Sloneker, and G. E. Inglett.
Proceedings 18th Ainual Institute of Envtoon-
mental Sciences, P. 267-289, 3 tab.. 17 ref,
Descriptor*: 'Recycling. 'Farm wastes. 'Cattle,
•Feed lot*, Wut* disposal, Amino adds, -Pro-
tein*. Filtration, CeotrUugatlon, Illinois.
Identifiers: 'Fractionating.
In the United States over 10 million tons of
Ugh grade protein are produced MjutW.in cat-
tle manwe. Separating useful feed from fecal
wute has become a valuable proces. which
lower* feed costs and aid* in waste disposal,
Four methods for fractionating manure to re-
move undesirable constituents to produce nign-
prtMnteed"iK.nt are l"""^"^
may be refined to remove the residue frac-
tion, yielding a soluble fraction and «'"*«"•
Uon that contains 64% of the original nitrogen.
The feed fraction is higher in amino add con-
tent than corn or wheat. The average steer
MnuaUy Prooices 134 to $89 worth of feed
"action. Feed saving* alone could be u*edI to
properly . T. Sobel. and H. H. Davis,
Paper preienttd at the 1972 Winter Meeting oi
the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
Chicago, minds, December IMS. 1972, Paper
No. 72-806, 12 p., 3 tab.. 9 fig.
Descriptors: 'Poultry. Odor, Nutrients. 'Recy-
cling. 'Firm wute*. Physical properties, Mois-
ture. Fertilizers. 'Waste disposal.
Idantlflers: New York. 'In-house drying, High-
rise poultry house, Circulating fans, Exhaust
fans, Drying costs,
Forced air over manure removes water con-
tinuously In a high rise poultry house designed
to house 30,000 caged birds. The drying pro-
cess removu one-half of the wutes' total weight
and reduces odor by minimizing bacterial ac-
tivity. The dried manure is spread only once a
year, thus recycling nutrient* through cropland.
Design figures for a high-rise poultry house
' and operation coats for the drying system are
Included. (Frantz • Eut Central).
315
-------
1032 — Al, F4
NEBRASKA IS NO. ONE,
Calf News. p. 38-39, July. 1972, vol. 10, No. 7.
8 fig.
Descriptors: Teed lots, Cattle, *Farm wastes,
Odor, Irrigation, Laboratories, Percolation, Soil
analysis, Nebraska.
Facilities of the Agricultural Research Service
at the University of Nebraska were observed
by CALF. A well equipped laboratory was
found that supplies data which a computer
stores and disseminates. Field sampling sites
were examined. Runoff, air and water pene-
tration into the soil, irrigation, and cattle breed-
ing are only a few of the studies made through
use of these faculties. (WetherlU - East Cen-
tral).
1033 — A3, Dl, F5
NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY,
Ultimate Disposal Research Program, Advanced
Waste Treatment Research Laboratory, Water
Quality Office, Environmentaal Protection Agen-
cy, Cincinnati, Ohio.
J. B. Farrell,
Presented at symposium on Nitrogen in Soil and
Water. Hespeler, Ontario. Canada, March 30-31.
1971, 14 p.. 3 tab., 2 fig., 13 ref. (PB-213 731.
N.T.I.S.).
Descriptors: •Nitrogen, 'Industry, 'Fertilizers,
•Water pollution. Ammonia, Farm Animals,
Urea, Activated carbon, Chlorination, Denitrifi-
cation, Industrial wastes, Waste treatment. Air
pollution.
Identifiers: Nitric acid.
The extent of water pollution from industrial and
fertilizer production sources is examined. Ni-
trogen from industrial production represents
only a portion of the nitrogen distributed to
water. Nitrogen water pollution from Industrial
sources then is restricted to Isolated point
sources. Large tonnage processes produce nitro-
genous effluents in gaseous forms thus causing
air pollution and not water pollution. Small
tonnage production, however, can lead to large
quantities of nitrogen lost. Recovery is imprac-
tical because of the economies involved in sepa-
rating nitrogen from the wastes. Nitrogen may
be removed biologically by changing nitrogen
to ammonia or nitrates, then through chlorina-
tion, ion exchange, or FeSO« reduction can re-
move nitrogen entirely or convert it to a gas,
-------
1039 - A3, C3
NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING
WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR
COSHOCTON, OHIO,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Soils
Lab.
A. W. Taylor, W. M. Edwards, and E. C. Simpson.
Water Resources Research, Vol 7, No I, p 81-89,
February 1971.9 p, 3 fig, 6 tab.
Descriptors: 'Nutrients, 'Runoff, 'Forests,
•Farms, 'Ohio, Nitrogen, Nitrates, Phosphates,
Potassium, Data collections, Water quality. Path of
pollutants, Eutrophication, Appalachian Mountain
Region, Farm wastes, Statistical methods, Fertil-
izers, Leaching, Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Woodlands, Farm lands, Coshocton
(Ohio).
Nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium concentra-
tions were measured in streams draining woodland
and farmland watersheds at Coshocton, Ohio 1966
through 1969. Temporal variations in the nutrient
concentrations were much smaller than the
changes in the rate of streamflow. No relationship
was found between any nutrient Concentration ana
streamflow, and no seasonal changes in concentra-
tion were detected. Nutrient losses from farmland
were significantly greater than those from
woodland. The nitfate-N concentration in the farm
runoff was below 2 ppm except for one short period
when it rose to 10 ppm. The input of nitrogen in the
rain was greater than the loss in runoff from both
watersheds. The average concentration of
phosphate in runoff was 22 ppb (of P) from the
farm and 15 ppb from the woodland. The analysis
of the data shows that total nutrient losses cannot
be calculated meaningfully unless both hydrologic
and chemical data are available. The volume of
water flow is the most important variable in this
calculation. (Knapp-USGS)
1040 - D4, FS
STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES BY
ALGAI.-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDA-
TION PONDS.
Alexandria Univ. (Egypt). High Inst. of Public
Health.
F M. El-Sharkawi. and S. K. Mo'awad.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation.
VuH2. No l.p 115-12.V January 1970. 4 fig. 5 lab,
17 ref.
Descriptors: *Duir,y industry, 'Oxidation lagoons.
•Pilot plants. Alguc, Biochemical oxygen demand.
lliolotic.il treatment, Photosynthesis, Stabilization.
•Waste water treatment. 'Farm wastes.
Identifiers: 'Alexandria (Egypt). Pandorina. Solu-
hie organic solids.
A pilot-plant study of BOD reduction of milk
processing wastes is reported. A synthetic dairy
waste of 750 mg/l BOD was fed continuously to
rectangular concrete basins with sloping sides to
minimize sludging. The detention period was 10
days. An influent pH of 9.B was maintained to keep
the pH at a level conducive to algal growth. Tank
depth was important in maintaining balance
between the algal and bacterial fractions of the
system. The microflora showed plasticity in adapt-
ing to environmental variations. Pandorina con-
stituted a major member of the flora highly adapta-
ble to interaction with dairy wastes. Pandorina
could tolerate wide temperature variations (11 dcg
to 32 dcg C) at a constant depth of 75 cm. pther
organisms were responsive to specific conditions
and when the dominant groups suffered a aeripus
setback, the subdominanti flourished. Biochemical.
oxygen demand (BOD) reductions were 80 to 90
percent at a BOD loading rate of 220 Ibs/acre/day
f 246 kg/dia/day). (Aguirrc-Texas)
1041 - A4, C3
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OP SALINITY
AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS
»|NEATH USBAN AND AGRICULTURAL
AREA-FRESNO, CALIFORNIA,
Agricultural Research Service, Fresno, Calif.
Groundwater Recharge Field Station.
Harry I. Nightingale.
Oroundwkter, Vol t, No I,p22-28, Jan-F«b 1970
7 p,« fig, 5 tab, I ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Ground-
water. •California, 'Nitrates, 'Salinity, Water
wells. Aquifers, Irrigation water. Fertilizers, Ur-
banization, Statistical methods, Surveys, Conduc-
tivity, Farm wastes, Regression analysis.
Identifiers: Fresno (Calif). .
The salinity and nitrate content of well water for an
urban zone (Freino-ClovU, California) and the im-
mediate surrounding irrigated agricultural tone
were compared using dau for 1950 through 1967.
Time trends in these water chemical properties
were evaluated statistically by dividing the 18-year
period into three 6-year period*. Salinity of the
urban zone ground water has increased with time,
whereas that of the agricultural zone has fluctuated
considerably. Possible reasons for changes are
discussed. The nitrate content of well water from
both zonei hit increased with time, with water
from the agricultural zone showing the greatest in-
crease. (Knapp-USOS)
1042 - A3, C5, E2
THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLU-
TION IN WATER TREATMENT,
Pawtucket Water Dept., R.I.
John A. McManus.and Albert A. Zarfa.
Journal of the New England Water Works Associa-
tion, Vol. S3. No. 4, p 311-321,Dec. 1969. II p. 2
tab, 2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Animal
wastes, ' Fertilizers, Farm wastes. Water pollution
treatment. Legal aspects.
Identifiers:'Pawtucket (Rhode Island).
The main concern of the Pawtucket, Rhode Island
water supply system is the problem of pollution due
to farmers using animal wastes for fertilizer, Due to
the lack of large reservoir at the lowest end of the
drainage basin feeding the treatment plant, the
results of the animal wastes on the fields are severe
at the point of treatment. The drainage and the
seasonal usage of the water supply system are
described: The pollution problem is in part at-
tributed to one cattle company which hauled their
waste material Into the basin and deposited the
solid and liquid pastes in great quantities. Because
of the lack of dilution or detention time, high bac-
terial levels resulted. A schematic diagram of the
water treatment plant is shown and its capabilities
are described. The problem it that existing Mate
taw does not allow the prohibition of fertilizing
agricultural land with animal wastes, even if such
methods result in water pollution. (Grossman-Rut-
gers)
1043 - Al, Bl
WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE
AND FORESTRY,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Soil
and Water Conservation Research Oiv.
Cecil H. Wadleigh.
Dep Agr MUc Publication No 1065, Mar 1968.112
p. I fig, 4 tab, 139 ref, 4 append.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Water pol-
lution effects, 'Agriculture, 'Forestry, Agricul-
tural chemicals. Fertilizers, Pesticides, Farrn
wastes, Farm management, Organic wastes, Indus-
trial wastes, Forest management, Sediment load,
Microorganisms.
Identifiers: Farm and forestry wastes.
The sourcei and effects of waitet contributed to
air, water, and soil by agricultural and forestry
management practices are briefly discussed. The
major waste categories considered are radioactivi-
ty, chemical air pollutants, airborne dusts, sedi-
ments, plant nutrients, inorganic chemicals, or-
ganic wastes, infectious agents, allergens, industrial
and agricultural chemicals, and heat. A bibliog-
raphy of 139 entries is included. Appendices
discuss wastes adversely affecting agriculture and
forestry, research on waste management, and
problems in waste, management needing more at-
tention. (Knapp-USGS)
1044 - A3, E2
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVE-
MENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL
PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF
SOIL NITROGEN,
Wisconsin Univ. Madison.
R.J.Olsen.
Univ of Wisconsin, Water Resources Center, Re-
port 1969. 79 p. OWRR B-004-Wis.
Descriptors: 'Nitrification, 'Soil nitrogen, 'Public
health, 'Soil leaching, Groundwater, Soil profiles,
Water table. Surface runoff. Farm wastes. Aerobic
conditions, Incubation.
Identifiers: 'Lake eutrophication, 'Soil
phosphorus, Alfalfa-bromegrass, Spring thaws, Fer-
tilizer-nitrogen.
There is increasing evidence that agriculture is con-
tributing to the increase in nitrate-nitrogen in
streams, lakes, and domestic water supplies. High
amounts of nitrate-nitrogen in water afe a health
hazard and contribute to lake eutrophicatior.
Methods by which nitrogen may enter the wa".<-
from agricultural sources include the leaching of
nitrate-nitrogen through the soil profile to the
water table and surface runoff, especially during
spring lhaws from manure applied to frozen soil
during the winter. The data obtained from field ex-
periments indicate that pollution of groundwater
with nitrate-nitrogen can be limited by avoiding ex-
cessive rates of fertilizer nitrogen; providing a crop
cover on the soil during the growing season; use of
hay crops, such as alfalfa-bromegrass, in rotation
with corn or other crops receiving fertilizer
nitrogen; and not permitting unprotected manure
to accumulate during the time of year when
leaching can occur. Recovery of fertilizer nitrogen
by three successive corn crops and as soil inorganic
nitrogen following the last crop ranged from 72 to
88 percent. The average concentration of nitrate-
nitrogen in the soil solution at the lowest profile
depth sampled ranged from 14 ppm for virgin soils
to 21 ppm for manure contaminated soils and to 33
ppm for cultivated soils. Rate of nitrification was
directly related to the rate of manure application,
presence of aerobic conditions, period of incuba-
tion, and soil phosphorus. The average recovery of
nitrogen by chemical analysis of the soil receiving
the higher manure rates after 37 weeks of incuba-
tion ranged from 24% for anaerobic conditions to
73 to 80 percent for the aerobic conditions. These
data suggest that where animal manure is not to be
used as a fertilizer, lagooning of the manure under
anaerobic conditions may be an effective method
of disposal with a minimum risk of water pollution.
(Olsen-UnivofWis)
1045 - A3
AGRICULTURE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE
FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE,
Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science.
F. R. Campbell, and L. R. Webber.
J Soil and Water Conserv, Vol 24, No 4, p 139-141
Aug 1969.3 p, 2 fig, 2 tab, 9 ref.
Descriptors: *Eutrophication, 'Nutrients, 'Water
pollution sources, 'Agriculture, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Fertilizers, Runoff, Farm wastes
Productivity, Aquatic plants.
Identifiers: 'Canal Lake (Ontario).
317
-------
Witer quality, weed growth, and nutrient loadings
of Canal Lake, Ontario were itudied between May
and November 1968. Relatively little nitrogen and
phosphorus are contributed by the area'i low-level
agriculture. Precipitation contributei more
nitrogen than streams. Agriculture contributei
about O.IS Ib/acre, about a twentieth of the yield
from an equivalent nonfertitized area. Most
nitrogen probably comet from lake Kdimentt,
plant!, and fixation of nitrogen in the lake. About
84% of the phosphorus probably originates in a
lake upstream of Canal Lake. The agricultural yield
is only about 63 Ib from 30,000 acres. These con-
tributions, of nutrients are negligible considering
the total nutrients in the lake, the nutrient load of
the itreami and other sources of nutrients. (Knapp-
USGS)
1046 - Fl, F5
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY
PROCESSING WASTEWATEH IN DELAWARE
AND APPROPRIATE MUNICIPAL SEWER
TAXATION,
Delaware Univ., Newark. Dept. of Agricultural
and Food Economic*.
B.L. Hudson.
M. S. Thesis, June, 1970.92 p, 28 lie, 4 tab, 40 ref,
3 append. OWRR B-003-DEL (3).
Descriptors: 'Waste water (Pollution),
•Economics, 'Waste water treatment; 'Poultry,
•Water pollution sources, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Industries, Delaware, Sewage districts,
Taxes.
Identifiers: 'Sewage assessments.
One important ' characteristic of the poultry
processing industry is its high water usage rate.
This characteristic has become cause for great
concern among processors due to the newer and
more rigid water pollution regulations of both the
federal and state governments. Five of Delaware's
six poultry processing plants were studied primari-
ly to determine the sources of waste and waste-
water. The general study procedure involved
isolating and analyzing effluents from individual
in-plant operations. The scalding, dressing,
eviscerating, and chilling operations are the main
sources of wastewater. The clean-up operation
also produces sizable amounts of wastewater
although precise measurements were unavailable.
Average main effluent volumes per processed bird
varied considerably between plants, ranging from
3.2 to 8.2 gallons. A case study of Milford,
Delaware's wastewater treatment operations in-
dicated that sewage assessments may take the
form of (I) annual contributions by firms to the
municipality, (2) cost-sharing payments for con-
struction and maintenance, and (3) payments
based on variable rates. Equity and efficiency con-
siderations suggest, however, that a combination
property-marginal cost tax system might be more
desirable. (Settle-Wisconsin)
1048 - B2, D4, E2
SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBI-
CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS
LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONCENTRATION,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
riCKoeuker.
Ph-D. Thesis, 1972. 203 p, 11 fig, 66 tab, 60 ref, 16
append. OWRR A-021-IA (6).
Descriptors: 'Anaerobic conditions, Irrigation,
•Chemical oxygen demand, Denitrification,
•Nitrogen, Application rates. Phosphorus,
Lagoons, 'Farm wattes, 'Wastewater treatment,
•Water reuse, 'Sprinkler irrigation. Soils, Hogs,
Wastewater disposal, Sands, Clays.
Identifiers: 'Swine wastes.
The effectiveness of soil as • final treatment and
disposal system for anaerobically treated swine
wastes was examined. Anaerobic lagoon effluent
was applied to grass covered and tile drained field
by sprinkler irrigation during the May-October
season. Over a 3-year period, average concentra-
tions in the tile drainage were 5-21 percent of the
COD, 20-40 percent of the nitrogen and 1-10 per-
cent of the phosphorus applied in the anaerobic
lagoon effluent. In 4-ft. laboratory soil columns
with soils ranging in texture from sand to silty clay
loam, less than 10 percent, on a mass basis, of the
nitrogen added in anaerobic lagoon effluent was
lost; unless the soil became so waterlogged that at
some time during a 45-wlc. period it would no
longer infiltrate the 2 inches/wk. applied. Addition
of 20 tons/acre of oats straw as an energy source
to the top six inches of half the columns did not
improve nitrogen losses. All textures of soils
removed more than 95 and 99.8 percent of the
COD and phosphorus, respectively, from the per-
colate. Soil has a great potential to remove ox-
ygen-demanding material (COD) and phosphorus
from anaerobic lagoon effluent; however, its ef-
fectiveness as a final treatment system is limited
by an inability to successfully remove nitrogen.
Therefore, anaerobic lagoon effluent should be
considered as a very dilute solution of liquid
nitrogen and its application to soil restricted to
rates that are consistent with the nitrogen require-
ments of crops grown on the disposal area.
(Powell-Iowa State)
1049 - A3, Fl
ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGE-
MENT: EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLU-
TANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
J. J. Jacobs.
Ph.D. Thesis, 1972. 208 p, 5 fig, 58 tab, 129 ref, 2
append. OWRR B-01S-IA (2).
Descriptors: Economics. Water quality control.
Pollutants. •Agricultural runoff, 'Sediments,
•Phosphorus. Iowa, 'Water management (Ap-
plied), Water pollution sources, 'Cost analysis
Cultivation.
Identifiers: •Nishnabotna River Basin, Minimum
tillage.
The role of economics in environmental quality
management was analyzed, with particular
reference to the optimal level of water quality in a
selected use area. Sediment and phosphorus in
agricultural runoff were the pollutants selected in
depicting the role of economics in water quality
management. The agricultural land in the Nish-
nabotna River Basin in Southwestern Iowa was
the study area. This land was split up according to
six capability classes, supplied by the Conserva-
tion Needs Inventory. These capability classes in
combination with crop rotations, tillage methods
and conservation practices are regarded as a
cropping system. For each system the annual costs
and returns in addition to sediment and
phosphorus losses were estimated. With this infor-
mation the minimum cost of achieving specified
levels of water quality, i.e., sediment and
phosphorus, were obtained. The study results
point up the dominance of minimum tillage and
continuous row crops in the optimal solutions. The
results also indicate that the magnitude of the
delivery ratio and the phosphorus constraints have
a relatively small impact on the cost of the pro-
gram. Furthermore, it was shown that the most
stringent constraint could be met at an estimated
cost of about $4.75 per acre with a delivery ratio of
.25. While this cost does not appear to be un-
reasonable, comparing the control cost with the
benefits to a municipal use indicates that this level
of quality control can only be justified economi-
cally if there is a large reuse of the water (80-400:1)
or substantial aesthetic benefits. (Powell-Iowa
State)
1050 - Al, F2
THE LEGAL FUTUREi NEW THEORIES Of
ENVOtONMBNTAL PROTECTION,
CaHfemU Uar».. Berkeley.
P. I. Berry.
b: Transcripts of DM Speech**. National Co»-
rartnee on BaviroMMntal Law, p 113-207,
November 1 970. 23 p.
Descriptors:
•Biviroamental saakatioa.
.
•Remedies, •Ugsdattoa. 'Pollution abatesMat.
Natural resources. Resource allocation. Environ-
Dcaul effects, Conservation. Water poUrtoa,
Water poUutkm control. Air pollution, Federal
government. State governments, Administrative
agencies, Government finance. Industries, Forest
management. Oil Industry, Livestock, Mining.
Lumbering, Land management, Taxes, Decision
making. Legal aspects.
Identifiers: National Environmental Protection
Act
Historical approaches to conserving natural
resources through statutory aad common law
means provide solely remedial measures. Recent
trends in ton law evidence stronger methods of en-
vironmental protection. This has been achieved by
broadening the concept of causation aad imagina-
tive applications of the public trust doctrine. Com-
prehensive protection of the environment may
result from either a constitutional amendment
creating a new civil liberty or stronger state
statutes. The 1970 Michigan Environmental Pro-
tection Act is discussed, with emphasi* upon what
this new legislation will accomplish. The National
Environmental Policy Act is criticized for its failure
to prohibit ecologically unsound activities. The
concept of corporate responsibility for private in-
dustry is discussed, and the traditional polarity
between the private profit motive and national en-
vironmental preservation is considered. Environ-
mental solutions must alter the basic nature of
private industry. Possible means of attaining this in-
clude: (1) national law, (2) Mate law. and (3)
voluntary charter amendment. Proposals are sug-
gested for revising taxation objectives. The Public
Land Law Review Commission's Report is
criticized, aad alternatives to its findings are
(Rees-Flonda)
1051 - A2, B2, C5
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH
HATCHERIES.
Washington Univ., Seattle. Water and Air
Resources Div.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 117, No. 18, p 241 -
297, August 1970.6 fig, 3 tab, IS ref.
Descriptors: 'Fish hatcheries, •Salmonids. 'Water
pollution sources, 'Biochemical oxygen demand,
'Dissolved oxygen, 'Hydrogen ion concentration.
•Ammonia, 'Nitrates, 'Phosphates, 'Solid wastes,
•Animal wastes (Wildlife), Water pollution con-
trol. Food abundance, Chemical oxygen demand,
Pathogenic bacteria. Animal parasites, Silts.
Identifiers: 'Feces, Drugs.
The water pollution potential of satmonid hatchery
operations was studied by surveying the literature,
by questionnaire surveys, and by'field tests. The
study began in February 1969, and ended in
February 1970. Pollution problems reported to be
associated with fish hatchery operations included
nutritional enrichment, algae and weed growth,
taste und odor, scttleable solids, pathogenic bac-
teria and parasites organic matter, chemicals and
drugs. The literature review produced no positive
results. The questionnaire survey revealed that 13
of 46 hatcheries responding indicated that they
have had pollution problems. Field tests were con-
ducted at the Green River Salmon Hatchery and
the Kowlitz Trout Hatchery in the state of
Washington to determine COD, BOD. and DO. pH.
ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, suspended solids, dis-
solved solids, scttleable solids, total solids, and total
318
-------
volatile solids. It was determined that the greatest
pollution occurred during pond cleunout, and the
most prevalent pollutants were fish fecal wastes
und residual food. The result of the discharge of
these pollutants was that: (1) the dissolved oiygcn
level was lowered in the effluent, (2) nutrient pol-
lutunts (Nitrate und phosphate) resulting from
decomposition of fish food were increased. (3)
solid pollutants both dissolved and seltleable were
significantly increased. It was further found that
there were relationships between pollutant produc-
tion rates, feeding rates, fish size, loading densities,
and water supply rates. (Little-Battelle)
1052 - A3, A4, Bl, E2
EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO
SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
SYSTEMS,
Maine Univ., Orono. Dept. of Soil Sciences.
F. E. Hutchinson, R. A. Hoffman, and R. F.
Jeffrey. Maine Water Resources
Research Center, Orono, Project Completion Re-
port, September 1972. 38 p, 8 fig, 21 tab. OWRR
X-020-MEU).
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Ground-
water, 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, 'Maine, On-site
investigations. Analytical techniques, Poultry,
Path of pollutants, Soil properties, Rates of appli-
cation, Infiltration rates, Data collections.
Identifiers: 'Poultry manure.
This research project was conducted in Maine to
determine the maximum acceptable rates of appli-
cation of manure in: (1) excessively drained glacial
outwash, (2) well drained glacial till and (3) poorly
drained Maine soils, using field plots and a lysime-
ter study. Periodic analyses of soil, soil water and
groundwater samples from a Windsor loamy sand
treated annually for two years with poultry
manure at nitrogen rates up to 1400 pounds per
acre. Results indicate that mineralization of N oc-
curred rapidly and that nitrate content of the sub-
son just above the groundwater became high at
times at rates above 350 pounds of nitrogen per
acre. Nitrogen did not move downstope in any
form at the top of the fragipan in a Charlton fine
sandy loam beyond a distance of 20 feet on a 10
percent slope below plots treated with rates of N
up to 1400 pounds per acre for two consecutive
years. When nitrogen in poultry manure was ap-
plied to a poorly drained Scantic silt loam, an
unacceptable amount of nitrate N moved through
the profile into the free water table from applica-
tions greater than 200 pounds of N per acre.
(Woodant-USGS)
1053 - C4
BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING
FECAL POLLUTION,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings.
PaulR. Middaugh. Comple-
tion Report April, 1970. 14 p. OWRR Project A-
019-SDAKU).
Descriptors: Water pollution sources, 'Farm
wastes, Bacteria E coli, Coliforms, Pathogenic bac-
teria, 'Sewage bacteria, E coli, Enteric bacteria,
Streptococcus bpvis, Streptococcus faecalis, 'Pol-
lutant identification,
The initial or laboratory research phase of objec-,
lives were achieved. These were to improve the
specificity, speed and reliability to bacteriological
methods for determinging kinds and number of
fecal bacteria in water resources. The major objec-
tive of distinguishing between human and animal
sources of pollution was partially achieved by im-
proved isolation of the rumen organism
Streptococcus bovis. The objective of determining
the survival of selected fecal coliform and fecal
streptococcus in river water with and without filtra-
tion was completed in the M.S. Thesis study by
Joseph Zerfas." He compared river water in labora-
tory flasks with environmental river exposure
chambers to determine survival effect of tempera-
ture from 10 to 30C, decreased both coliform and
streptococci equally with increased temperature.
Added organic nitrogen fertilization of river from
normal level 2.5 ppm N to 10 to 30 ppm N stimu-
lated growth and lengthened survival time. Both
kinds of organisms increased in survival in water
with reduced dissolved oxygen compared to
aerated water. In untreated river water fecal
coliform bacteria lived longer than fecal
streptococci, lit and 0.1% survival respectively
after 7 days. Water membrane filtered to remove
protozoa gave 20% coliform and 100% streptococ-
cus survival after 7 days. In M.S. Thesis study by L.
Koupal, methods for detecting the rumen organism
Streptococcus bovis resulted in a rapid, sensitive
selective method using membrane filter for quan-
titative recovery from river water and selective
medium incubated in 25% CO2+753 N2 gas grows
S. bovis which is then detected by starch agar over-
lay. Only ruminants have S. bovis in numbers in
feces so S. bovis in river survival studies was proven
to be a useful tracer for ruminant pollution of sur-
face waters. More rapid and sensitive methods for
both indicator and pathogenic bacteria were being
investigated when the project was terminated.
1054 - A2. Bl, D4
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
TECHNIQUES TO FEKDLOT RUNOFF,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept of Civil Engineer-
T*Mc
f cOhce, and R. L. Torrent.
Paper presented at the
Itth Annual Oreat Plains Waste Water Design
Conference, Omaha, Nebraska, March 28, 1972.
1* p, 4 fig, 5 tab, 13 ref. OWRR-A-022-NEB (I).
Descriptors: 'Biological treatment, 'Farm wastes,
Feed lot*, Cattle, 'Watte water treatment.
Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Agricultural ru-
noff, 'Chemical oxygen demand, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Aerobic treatment
Laboratory studies of the aerobic treatment of
feedlot runoff were conducted to determine the ef-
fect of such fc«mdli»g upon waste characteristics
and the design parameters required for such treat-
ment. Liquid retention times (organic loading rate)
and biological solid* concentrations were varied.
Studies of the application of the BOD test to this
waste were also conducted. Liquid retention time*
in the laboratory system varied from one to eight
days. The conclusions were: (1) An aerobic system
can effectively treat this'waste with COD reduc-
tion* of 60 percent or more. (2) Retention times of
three days or more are adequate to insure treat-
ment of solids concentrations (MLSS) of 2080
mg/L. (3) The color of the runoff is affected only
slightly by such treatment (4) COD analysis is su-
perior to BOD analysis in measuring the strength
of this waste.
1055 - A2, A4
ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING
FISCAL YEAR 1971.
Maine Univ., Bangor. Water Resources Center.
Annual Report No 7, 1971. 18
p, 3 append. OWRR A-999-ME (7).
Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Water users,
'Planning, 'Projects, Legal aspects. Bottom sedi-
ments, Geochemistry, Hydrology, Coniferous
forests, Rivers, Lakes, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand. Dissolved oxygen. Management, Livestock
wastes. Water quality. Education, Eutrophication,
Phosphates, Water pollution control. Chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides, Model studies, Tu-
,bificids, Physicochemical properties, Gases,
Political aspects, Attitudes, Environment.
The research program conducted under the
auspices of the University of Maine's Water
Resources Center to solve Maine's water
problems are described. Twelve projects explored
the following areas: Hydrologic relationships in'a
coniferous forest; An investigation of the causes,
effects, and control of eutrophication in Maine
lakes; Phosphate retention by lake sediments;
Geochemical cycles involving flora, lake water,
and bottom sediments; Legal aspect* of water pol-
lution control through implementation of the ef-
fluent charge concept; Effect of animal wastes ap-
plied to sous on surface and ground water
systems; The effects of DDT and other
chlorinated hydrocarbons on the growth of eu-
ryhaline mieroalgte; Phase HI—Study of a river
system as a chemical reactor; Effects of burrow-
ing tubificid worms oa the exc'itnse of
phosphorus between lake sediments and overlying
water; A study of the physico-chemical parame-
ter* affecting the removal of colloidal particles
from water by porous media; Dissolved pollution
product gases in natural waters; and Political and
environmental attitudes of voters and public offi-
cials related to alternative levels of water quality
and correlated alternative systems of management
of the Penobscot River. The Center's researchers
extend their findings to users in an active coor-
dination, information, education, and training pro-
gram. (Auen-Wisconsin)
1056 - Fl
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICA-
TIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER
ALLOCATION,
Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst,
-------
1057 - A2
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION, ESPECIALLY
FROM FEEDLOTS, ON FISHES IN THE UPPER
NEOSHO RIVER BASIN,
Kansas Stale Univ., Manhattan. Water Resources
Research Inst.
F.B. Cross, and L.M.Cavin.
Completion Report 1971; JO p.
6fig,7tab, 16ref.OWRR A-026-KAN(I).
Descriptors: *Fishkill, 'Water pollution effects,
Sampling. Habitats.
Identifiers: "Feedlot pollution, "Upper Neosho
River Basin, Nocomis asper, Notropis rubellus,
Noturus nocturnus, Nolorus placidus, Notropis
iutrensis, Notropis camurus.
In spring, summer, and early autumn, 1969 and
1970, a total of 49 collections of fish were made at
17 localities in the upper Neosho River Basin:
Fifty-three species were recorded, approximately
as many as were known from the same area prior
to severe drought in the early 1950's, establish-
ment of three mainstream impoundments in the
1960's, and severe pollution from feedlots in 1966-
67. Species lists were not identical to those ob-
tained in similar but less intensive surveys in 1952
and 1967. Changes in species composition are at-
tributable partly to effects of impoundment (in-
cluding introductions of some species) and partly
to organic enrichment. Diversity indices are being
determined for each collection, allowing com-
parisons among samples from the same site on dif-
ferent dates, between years, and among localities
throughout the area. Three species known to have
occupied these streams in the 1950's were not
found in 1969 or 1970: the recently-described red-
spot chub, Nocomis asper, Lachner and Jenkins,
1971; the rosy face shiner, Notropis rubellus; and
the freckled mad torn. Noturus nocturnus. Several
additional species were found only rarely in 1969-
70, including the Neosho madtom, Noturus
placidus, the only species endemic to the Neosho
basin. These four and others affected adversely
are characteristic of clear, well-oxygenated
streams having clean gravel riffles; their depletion
is most logically attributable to effects of pollu-
tion. The two species selected for detailed study,
with respect to differential trends in their popula-
tions associated with the period of organic pollu-
tion, were the red shiner, Notropis Iutrensis, and
the bluntface shiner, Notropis camurus. The red
shiner became more abundant and more
widespread within the streams studied, following
fish-kills in J 966-67, Its increase seemingly oc-
curred at the expense of the bluntface shiner, its
nearest relative in the Neosho fauna. Apart from
the advantage of comparing closely-related spe-
cies, the bluntface shiner was chosen as the 'pollu-
tion intolerant' form because other species fitting
that description were not obtained in numbers
adequate for the kinds of comparisons desired.
The comparative study involved habitats occupied
and relative abundance; population structure and
growth rates; reproductive requirements, fecundi-
ty, and spawning period; and response to reduced
oxygen concentrations (routine metabolism,
behavior under oxygen stress, loss of equilibrium,
and capacity for recovery from temporary stress).
Descriptor*: 'Mathematics! model*, 'Watersheds
(Basins). 'Nutrients, Nitrogen. Pholphorui.
Streamflow, Sewage treatment. Effluents, Annual
waitei. Fertilizer!. Precipitation (Atmospheric),
Soils. Water pollution sources. Model studies, Min-
nesota, Snowmclt, Treatment facilities, Nitrogen
fixation, Denitriflcation.
Identifieri: 'Manure (preading, 'Spring runoff.
Depletion processes. Nitrogen transformation,
Agricultural practicei. Feedlot drainage. New
Prague (Minn}.
A nutrient enrichment accounting mathematical
model was deviled for the New Prague watershed
in MinneioU. The New Prague watershed ia 23.3
square miles in area and it predominately a rural
watershed. Model input data was collected over a 2
1/2-year period from a stream gaging station and
two automatic sampling stations. Over 800 water
samples were analyzed. Extensive effort was placed
on better understanding, the nitrogen and
phosphorus cycles. It is evident that the spring ru-
noff process and accumulative winter fertilizer ap-
plications constitute the major portion of diffuse
sources of nutrients in the watershed. Point sources
from feedlots and municipal and industrial ef-
fluents contribute only 11 percent of the sigma N
(total nitrogen, four component!) and 7 percent
TP (total phosphorus). Disperse sources accounted
for 89 percent of Sigma N and 93 percent of TP,
with spring runoff in the two months of March and
April accounting for 79 percent of the annual
sigma N and 64 percent of the TP. The nutrient
output from the watershed could be decreased by
increasing penetration of the large amounts of
sigma N and TP in snowpacks into the soil through
land terracing to retart rapid spring runoffs and
sub-surface drains to allow rapid drainage during
the crop season.
1058 - A2, A4, C3, E2
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL
MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SUR-
FACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDWATER FLOW
IN OVERFERTILIZATION OF SURFACE
WATERS,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, Water Resources
Research Center.
Jack D, Johnson, and C. P, Straub,
Minnesota Water Resources
Research Center, Minneapolis, WRRC Bulletin 33,
June, I97J, 176 p,58 fig, 65 tab, 78 ref, 4 append.
OWRR Project B-012-MINN (I).
1059 - A2, A3, A4, C3
NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS
GROUNDWATER,
Kansas Water Resources Research Inst., Manhat-
tan.
Larry S. Murphy, and Jay W. Gosch. Project
Completion Report, March 1970. 56 p, 13 tab 19
fig, 38 ref. OWRR Project A-016-KAN.
Descriptors: 'Nitrates, 'Groundwater, Fertiliza-
tion, Irrigation. Nitrogen. Farm wastes. Fertilizers,
Ammonium compounds. Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: 'Nitrate movement. Feedlots.
A study of nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in soils
underlying feedlots in Kansas revealed accumula-
tions of as high as 5000 kg/ha in a 4 meter soil
profile. Age of the feedlots was found to be directly
related to the amount of nitrate-nitrogen which had
accumulated in the soil. Vertical movement of
nitrate-nitrogen in feedlot soils had occurred even
in areas of low rainfall (40-45 cm per annum).
Large accumulations of ammonium-nitrogen but
no nitr.'te-nitrogen were noted in a feedlot soil with
a very low cation exchange capacity. Analyses of
groundwater at that location were inconclusive in
relating lack of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil profile
with higher levels of nitrate-nitrogen in shallow
aquifers. An investigation of the effects of high
rates of applied inorganic nitrogen on nitrate-
nitrogen accumulations in soil and groundwater
was conducted azt two locations. Downward move-
ment of nitrate-nitrogen under irrigated conditions
was detected by deep soil sampling (5-6 meters)
and comparisons of nitrate-nitrogen concentration
peaks in the soil profile. Much variation in the
amount of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil profile was
noted even with uniform rates of nitrogen applica-
tion. Investigation of nitrate-nitrogen accumulation
in groundwater by means of check wells in the
areas receiving large amounts of inorganic nitrogen
revealed large fluctuations in the nitrate-nitrogen
content over the life of the study but did not
produce indications of definite trends. (McKenna-
Kansas)
1060 - A2, F2
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR.
North Dakota Century Code Ann tecs 61-01-12
thru 61-01 • 14 as amended (Supp 1969).
Descriptors: 'North Dakota, 'Water pollution
sources, 'Water pollution control, 'Waste
disposal. Water quality. Water quality control.
Wastes, Industrial wastes. Refuse, Sewage ef-
fluents. Gasoline, Oil wastes. Farm wastes. Cattle:,
Sheep, Hogs. Sewage disposal. Streams, Riven,
Public health. Administrative agencies.
Section 61-01-12 provides that the fouling of
public waters by depositing gas tars or other refuse
from any gas house into streams, rivers or sewers
that empty into public waters is • misdemeanor.
Section 61-01-13 provides the fouling of public
waters with dead animals, offal, or other refuse by
depositing same on the banks or in any lake or
stream within the jurisdiction of the state is a
misdemeanor punishable by a fine of from $20 to
$|00. Section 61-01-14 provides that section 61-
01-13 shall be construed to Include: (1) privies and
privy vaults; (2) any stable, shed, pen. yard, or cor-
ral where farm animals are located within sixty feet
of the top of any lake or stream; and (3) any
slaughterhouse, graveyard or cemetery within
eighty feet of these waters. However. In an emer-
gency, these provisions do not prevent any mu-
nicipality from dumping untreated sewage into
these waters provided they are not determined
detrimental to public health. (Rees-Florida)
1061 - Bl, F2
RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERA-
TIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL.
Iowa Water Pollution Control Commission, DCS
Moines.
1969.3 p.
Descriptors: 'Iowa, 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock,
•Confinement pens, 'Water pollution sources.
Cattle, Treatment facilities, Water pollution. Waste
disposal, Waste water treatment, Water pollution
control. Regulation, Permits, State governments.
Administrative agencies. Legislation, Legal
aspects. Poultry, Organic wastes, Adoption of prac-
tices. Waste water disposal.
Confined feeding operations for livestock and
poultry in which potential pollution may exist and
be subject to regulation are defined as a cattle
feedlot or several cattle enclosures on a single pro-
perty containing at least one hundred cattle and an
animal population of greater than one animal for
each six hundred square feet. Registration of the
operation is required where one or more of the fol-
lowing conditions exist: (I) the number of cattle
confined exceeds a thousand head, (2) the feedlot
contributes to a watercourse draining a specified
acreage of land above the lot, and (3) the runoff
water from a feedlot flows into a buried conduit or
well. Persons engaged in or intending to initiate
livestock operations shall register such operation
with the Water Pollution Control Commission. If
the State Department of Health determines that an
operation does not constitute a water pollution
problem, provisions for control facilities will not be
required. If an operation is polluting state waters,
the operator shall obtain a permit for waste water
disposal and shall provide necessary water pollu-
tion control facilities. Requirements for such facili-
ties are specified. Such facilities shall be operated
so as to prevent water pollution. (Shelnut-Florida)
1062 - E3
CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CAT-
TLE MANURE,
University of California, Davij.
C. L. FemaU, and W. A Oarrett.
320
-------
Proceedings, Western Section, American Society
of Animal Science, Vol. 24, p. 415-419. 1973, 5
tab,, S ref.
Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Farm wastes, "Recycling,
Nitrogen, Calcium, Nutrient Requirements;,
•Waste disposal, California.
Identifiers: 'Ration, Digestion stalls. Forced air
ovens. Digestibility.
Four Hereford steers were confined in diges-
tion stalls and fed the basal ration at a main-
tenance level. Their manure and urine were
recycled in forced air ovens at 100°C. for 48
hours. The recycled wastes were mixed, digested,
then recycled again. It was found that the less
digestible components of the feces Increased
while digestible components decreased substan-
tially during each recycling. Less energy was
digested in subsequent refeeding. Mineral and
nitrogen content increased with each recycling,
resulting in the only significant nutritional value
of manure after recycling. .K.Mg,Ca, Na.
Si, Mn, Fe. Cu. Zn. Al, Sr, and Mo). In the
tissue analysis P, Na, Fe and Al increased
while Mg content decreased with increasing
applications of effluent. After 4 years of anaero-
bic lagoon effluent applications the electrical
conductivity of the soil showed little change,
(Frantz - East Central).
1066 — A3, C2, C3, C4, C5
WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRO-
DUCTION OPERATIONS,
University of Missouri, Columbia, Department
of Agricultural Engineering.
J. Bobbins.
PH. D. Thesis, North Carolina State University,
Department of Biological and Agricultural En-
gineering, 1970, 440 p., 48 tab,, 51 fig., 57 ref,
Discriptors: 'Effluent, 'Waste disposal, Hydro-
graphs, 'Hogs, North Carolina, Nutrients. La-
goon:,. Soils. Runoff, Influent, Bacteria, Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, Drainage, Streams,
•Farm wastes. Hydrologlc systems. Sampling,
Biochemical exygen demand, Nitrogen, Phos-
phates, Biodegradatton.
Identifiers: 'Organic carbon.
Seven swine production operations, three using
lagoons, one direct discharge, two land disposal,
and one control watershed were studied to de-
termine the extent of effluent contribution to
stream pollution. Data were collected to deter-
mine the effluent strength to be discharged
into streams. An analysis was made for more
than 1000 effluent and stream samples. An or-
ganic carbon analysis was successful In deter-
mining strengths of wastes and waste waters.
The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/total
organic carbon (TOC) ratio provided an indi-
cation of the ease of biodegradation and/or
the degree of stabilization. It was found that
anaerobic lagoons are not satisfactory as the
sole means of treating hog wastes. Direct dis-
charge of wastes Into water creates gross pol-
lution and should be prohibited. Land disposal
was found to be the superior method for pro-
tecting water quality, Slope, degree of erosion,
and drainage patterns are the important factors
in determining the quality of streams draining
agricultural basins. (Frantz-East Central).
1067 — A5, Bl, E2
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STOR-
AGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS,
PH D* Dissertation, Ohio State University, De-
partment of Agricultural Engineering, 1969, 101
p., 25 tab., 17 fig.. 23 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Waste storage.'Air pollution, Livestock,
Feed lots. Fertilizers, Nutrients, Nitrates, Ef-
fluent, Diffusion.
Identifiers: 'Scheduling model.
Systems which interact with storage and land
disposal of farm wastes were analyzed and
relevant interfaces and variables were identified.
A mathematical model describing storage of
wastes and their timely disposal on agriculture
land was developed and tested. Odor nuisance
potential of farm wastes spread on land was
also dellnlated. A scheduling model was de-
veloped. It could be an effective tool in the
design and operation of waste storage and land
disposal systems. The model takes into account
all important system variables. The waste stor-
age facility was the most significant investment,
based on results of the scheduling study. Nu-
trient effectiveness as a function and land
availability were significant. The pattern of the
latter was a critical factor in determining mini-
mum storage capacity. (Frantz - East Central).
1068 — Bl. D2, D3, E3
NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CON-
VERTED MANURE AS FEED,
T. ZurowsU.
Feedlot Management, Vol. 15, No. 8,, p. 26,
Aug., 1973, 1 fig.
Descriptors: 'Recycling, 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle,
'Feed lots, 'Nutrients, 'Feeds. Economics, Bac-
teria.
Identifiers: 'Refeeding,, Cowmel, Farm Ecol-
ogy Company. Food and Drug Administration,
•Cowdominium.
A Washington operation. Farm Ecology, has
made plans for a cowdominium. This is a feed
storage and a waste conversion plant. There
the wastes are subjected to heat, pressure and
either acidic or alkaline chemicals. The recy-
cled product, Cowmel, Is a highly nutritious
and finely ground pellet. Economic feasibility
and FDA approval Is presently uncertain.
(Frantz - East Central).
MANURING OF POTATOES ON FEN
SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND, LINCOLN-
Agricultural Development an dAdvisory Ser'vice,
~
JoJn'al^Agricultural Science. Vol. 80, p. M9-
281, April, 1973, 12 tab.. 1 fig.. 17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Silts, •Fertilizers, •Potatoes, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Potassium. 'England, •Nu-
trients, Drainage, -Farm wastes, 'Waste dis-
posal, Soil profiles.
Identifiers: Tuber blackening.
Eighteen potato manurial experiments were con-
ducted on silt soils in England between 1953
and 19«3. The mean response to nitrogen in
these soils was much larger than in most Eng-
lish soils, but responses were varied from site
to site. The nitrogen was effective in increasing
tuber size and yield of ware; Phosphorus In-
creased tuber numbers and decreased ware per-
centage, Because of the heavy potassium con-
tent of the soils tested, responses to the potas-
sium were slight. Cooking tests showed little ef-
fect of manurial treatment on the amount or
degree of tuber blackening. The recommended
fertilizer nutrient requirements for light and
medium silt soils are N— 200 kg/ha, P20S—
130 ka/ha, and K»0— 190 kg ha. The same nu-
trient recommendations for the heavy silt soils
were 200 kg-ha. 310 kg-ha, and 100 kg-ha respec-
tively. CFrantz • East Central).
1070 — D4, E3
PERIODICITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN
ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE
EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-DISPOSAL
LAGOONS,
Agricultural Engineering Research Division. Ag-
ricultural Research Service. U. S. Department
of Agriculture; National Bontanlc Gardens,
Lucknow, India, respectively.
H. J. Eby, and V. P. Singh.
Government Printing Office No. 0100-1575. Wash-
ington. D. C.. April, 1972. 8 p.. 2 tab,, 2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Recycling. Nutrients, 'Waste water,
•Lagoons, 'Algae, Bacteria, 'Sewage, Oxidation,
Climatic zones. Proteins, Farm wastes.
321
-------
Identifier!: 'India Waste disposal lagoons. Sea-
tonal growth.
Reiearch was done to provide a starting point
for expanding feed production and aiding In the
biological purification of waste water. Research
In India reveals that blue-green algae has *elf-
limittng tendencies and may be used advant-
ageously. Since growth periods In the spedes
vary, scientists might possibly anticipate each
specie'* population peaks thereby controlling
algae growth. Harvesting of algae serve* two
purpose*! (1) to remove organic matter from
becoming a pollutant, and (2) to serve as po-
tential livestock and poultry feed. (Frantz • East
Ceatral).
1071 — B2, C5, D4
A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS
FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT
OF SWINE MANURE
Agricultural Engineering Department. Amu,
Iowa; Agricultural Engineering Department. Cor-
vallls. Oregon.
H. L. Person. J. R. Miner, T, E. Hazen, and
A. R. Mann.
Presented at the 1972 Annual Meeting, American
Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Spring*,
Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No. 72-439,
30 p. 2 tab., 8 fig., 6 ret.
Descriptors: 'Hogi, "Waste treatment, 'Farm
wastes. Feed lots. Iowa, 'Aerated lagoons, 'Oxi-
dation lagoons, 'Effluent, Nutrient*, Bacteria.
Fungi. Slime. Odor, Pumping, Maintenance,
Water quality.
Identifiers: 'Waste transport. 'Wast* manage-
ment systems. Rotating biological contractor.
Flushing gutter. Hydraulic cleaning.
Four engineers have demonstrated and evaluated
three systems for hydraulic transportation and
disposal of manure. The aeration basin, lagoon
aeration basin, and rotating biological contractor
systems all successfully used treated effluent as
a cleaning medium In swine farrowing and
finishing buildings. Aeration basins treated liquid
manure. Pumping was done economically and
execs* water proved virtually odorless. The
process didn't add significantly to either water
pollution or animal health problems. System*
and equipment are described In detail. (Frants •
Bast Central).
1072 — C5, E2
HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS
FERTILIZERS
Tilt Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater
Chicago! Unlverrtty of Nebraska, Lincoln) Uni-
versity of Missouri Columbia, respectively.
J. R. Peterson, T. H. McCaUa, and O. E, Smith.
Fertilizer Technology and Uss, 2nd edition, Soil
Science Society of America, p. U7-5M, 1971,
27 tab., 8 fig., 42 rat,
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sewage, 'Waste
disposal, Irrigation, Nitrates, Soil profile*, La-
goons, Pathogenic bacteria, •FertUlxers. *Water
pollution, 'Soil contamination. Odor, Leaching,
Chemical properties. Physical properties Hlero-
blal composition. Crops. Toxldty.
Identifiers: 'Human wastes, Plant yields. Digest-
ed sludge.
Solid wait* from municipal wastewater treat-
ment plant* In the United States 1* analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively. If properly di-
gested, the sludgs ha* little odor and la rela-
tively free of pathogen*, The us* of digested
sludgs to ameliorate ipoU* ha* been proven.
Three year*' use of digested sludge on corn
land ha* resulted in Increased grain yield* with
no visual toxic symptom* to the plants. Quali-
tative and quantitative studies were also made
on animal wastes. Although most pathogens are
generally destroyed In the holding of wait**,
weed infestations may be a problem with the
application of animal watt* to toll. Specific in-
stances of waste utilisation for toll Improve-
ment *re cited for various state*. (Wetherill -
East Central).
1073 — C3, E2
NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES
FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS
University of Guelph. Ouelph. Ontario, Depart-
ment of Land Resource Science.
D. O. Blelby, M. H. Miller, and L. R. Webber,
Journal of fioll and Water Conservation, Vol.
28. No. 3. p. 124-126, May-June, U73. 4 tab..
3 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrate*, 'Firm wastes, •Lydmet-
er*. 'Corn. Slurries, 'Waste disposal. Ground-
water, Soil*. 'Poultry. Irrigation, Denitrifies-
tlon, Ontario.
Identifiers: •Percolate*. Ouelph sandy loam.
The quantity and concentration of nitrates in
percolates from lyslmeter* receiving liquid poul-
try manure applications were determined over
a 3-year period. Nitrogen removed by corn,
plus that In percolates, accounted for let* than
28 percent of the amount appUed to the soil.
Most nitrate* in the percolates were discharged
from the lydmeteri after corn harvest. The
average concentration of nitrates in percolates
from all treatment* and for all yean exceeded
10 part* per million. (Blelby, Miller, ft Webber-
University of Ouelph).
1074 — BL C5
SHRINKING CATTLE FOR RELIEF
FROM HEAT STRESS
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Davis, Cali-
fornia; Imperial Valley Field Station, El Cen-
tra, California, Department of Animal Science.
8. R. Morrison, R. L. Olvens. and O. P. Lot
Presented at the 1972 Annual Meeting. American
Society of Agricultural Engineers. Hot Springs,
Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972. 12 p., 5 tab., 1 fig.
Descriptor!: 'Cattle, 'Sprinkling, Feed lots, Air
conditioning. Temperature. Performance, Califor-
nia.
Identifier*: 'Heat stress, Respiratory rat*.
Sprinkling cattle under shade* during the sum-
mer in the Imperial Valley of California for
one minute every 30 minute* when the tempera-
ture was above (O'F resulted In significantly
higher feed consumption and rate of gain, com-
pared with cattle under shades and not sprink-
led. Efficiency of feed conversion, although
favoring the sprinkling operation, was not sig-
nificantly improved over1 that of uncooled cat-
tie. Sprinkling was a* effective as a refriger-
ated air conditioned bam, at 7S'F In one trial
and more effective during a second trial. Sprink-
ling and refrigeration promoted greater oom-
fort as indicated by the prevention of Increases
in respiratory rate and body temperature ob-
served In the afternoon with control cattle. Both
noneooled and cooled cattle consumed more
feed and gained more weight with 40 feet per
head of space than with 20 feet. (Morrison,
Given*, * Lofgreen—U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture * Imperial Valley Field nation).
1075 — Bl, C5
THE EFFECT OF RATION ON EN-
GINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF
CATTLE MANURE,
Agricultural Engineer*. Chief Solid Waste Dl-
vu5n7 IjncolnTNehrajka Department of En-
virenmental Contrail Agricultural Beiearch Bar-
viceTUiuVeriUy of Nebraaka. Lincoln. U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture.
OA Frock*, and C. B. ffllbertson.
Pwiinted at thi «th Annual Meeting, Amer-
STSiclety of Agricultural Engineer., Unlyer-
Hty of Kentucky, Lexington. June 1740. 1973,
Paper No. 73-441, 24 p.. < tab.. 8 fig,, 20 ref.
Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Farm watte*. Kentucky,
•Feed*; •Digestion. Volatility, Shrinkage. Poro-
•UyTchemlcal properties. Physical Properties,
Volumetric analytuT Stave analysis, Density,
•Waste treatment. ***** storag*. SoUde, Mota-
tare content. Chemical oxygen demand, •Engin-
*
!
Identifiers: 'Ration. Drying rate*.
Beef cattle were fed a high concentrate ration
(HCR) and a high roughage ration (HRR) for
five days. Samples of feces and urine were
collected and analyzed to assist in the engin-
eering design of material* handling and ^pro-
petting equipment and storage facilities. The
total, volatile, and fixed solids content was not
affected by the ration. Of the HCR waste*. 20%
was retained on a 2mm. sieve as compared to
2% for the HRR wastes. Volume change from
original moisture content* to dry solids was
89% for the HCR and 7.4% for the HRRfecet
Due to it* more porous structure the HRR
fece* dried at twice the rate of tbV
(Frante - East Central).
1076 — C4, D2, E3
HIGH-TEMPERATURE, HIGH PRES-
SURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EX-
CRETA,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Department
of Agricultural Engineering) Department of Ani-
mal Sciences, respectively.
F. A. Payne. I. J, Ross. H. E. Hamilton, and.
J. D. Fox.
Presented at the Annual Meeting, American So-
ciety of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs.
Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972. Paper No. 72-490.
22 p., 1 tab.. 8 fig., 17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Poultry, 'Wast*
treatment, 'Recycling, Temperature, 'Pressure,
Moisture content.
Identifiers: 'Extrusion, Thermal destruction.
Uric add. Chemical change*. Physical changes.
Sterilization, Flash vernalization. MlcroUal or-
ganism*.
Chicken excreta and an excreta-feed mixture
were extruded at a temperature range of 280*
300'F. for period* of 8.6 to 21.4 seconds. Pres-
sures of 300 to 600 psl were utilized with the
Ugh temperature* to aid in mlcrobial destruc-
tion. An analyst* Includes chemical and physical
change* In the extruded material, Also given
Is an equation which can be used to predict mi-
croMal destruction. Whin extruded, chicken ma-
nure (which normally contain* disease organ-
Urn*) may become a versatile, low-cost, and
highly productive food material. CFranti • East
Central).
1077 — A2, A4, E2
SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEED
LOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH
LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL
WASTES,
Southwestern Great Plain* Reiearch Center,
Buahland, Tex**, U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture.
B. A. Stewart and, A. C. Mather*.
Contribution from Soil and Water Conservation
Reiearch Division, Agricultural Research Ser
vice, U.S. Department of Agriculture in coop-
tration with the Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station, Texai A Jr M University, 3 p., 1 tab..
2 fig.. 8 ref.
Deccriptort! Teed lots, 'Farm wastes, 'Water
pollution, 'Soil contamination. Cattle, 'Nitrate*.
'Pollutant*, Soil profiles, 'Waste disposal. Water,
Salt. Leaching,
Identifiers: 'Soli condition*, Cropland*,
Nitrate and other pollutants often accumulate
In soil profile* under large feedtoU. Water move-
ment through these profiles, however, is usually
very slow or doe* not occur, especially In the
more arid areas. A greater pollution hazard
results from spreading large amount* of ani-
mal watte* on cropland for the purpose of
waste disposal rather than for Improving soil
conditions or crop growth and quality. A recent
study abowtd that substantial quantities of
nitrate accumulated when manure we* applied
to land at rate* of 30 tons/acre or greater.
Salt accumulation was also high enough to
cause some Injury to plant growth. Leaching can
reduce the salt concentration, but may increase
nitrate pollution of the drainage water. Indica-
tion* are that pollution hazard* are eliminated
only when the growing crop utilizes most of
the applied nitrogen. When the rate of manure
322
-------
application Is too high, nitrate will accumulate
In the soil and in some crops or wUl move
through the soil with percolating water. (Stewart,
Mathers—U. S. Department of Agriculture).
1078 — C3, C5
EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED
ARSANILIC ACID,
Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois, Nu-
trition Research Department.
L R. Overby and, D. V. Frost.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 19, No, 1, p.
140-144. January, 1960, 2 tab.. 9 ref.
Descriptors: •Arsenic, 'Farm wastes, 'Swine,
•Diets, "Feeding, Poultry.
Identifiers: 'Arsanillc add.
The rates o! arsenic excretion were determined
in the feces and urine of swine receiving ar-
sanllic add at 30, 60 and 90 gm. per ton of
feed Much more arsenic was excreted in the
feces than in the urine. After 10 days of ar-
sanilic acid feeding, total excretion was In ap-
proximate balance with intake at the two lower
levels of feeding. After the arsenical was with-
drawn from the ration, the characteristic excre-
tion level continued for two days, then de-
creased rapidly. This conforms with knowledge
of the rate of disappearance of arsenic from
tissues of animals fed arsanllic add. The na-
ture of the major part of the arsenical excreted
was not determined. Unchanged arsanllic add
was not detected in the urine, but was present
in the feces in an amount representing about
We of ths amnlilc add consumed. (Overby It
Frost—Abbott Laboratories).
1079 — Cl, E3
UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEV-
ELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITRO-
GEN BY SHEEP,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, De-
partments ol Biochemistry and Nutrition and
Animal Science.
A N Bhattacharya, and J. P, Fontenot.
journal ol Animal Science, Vol. 24, p. 1174-im.
1M5, 4 tab., M ref.
Descriptors: 'Sheep, 'Nitrogen, Fertilizers. 'Pro-
tein, 'Feed., Farm wastes. Nutrition. •Chemi-
cal properties. Samples. 'Metabolism, •Recycling.
Identifiers i 'Digestibility. •Nitrogen retenUon.
•Poultry Utter, Peanut hulls. Crude protein. Soy-
bean protein.
A terlet ol three metabolism trill* were con-
ducted with eight yearling wtthers to study the
utuSstlon ol the nitrogen in auto-cUved peanut-
hull broiler Utter, containing 22.«% crude pro-
tein (dry bull). Poultry Utter nitrogen replaced
approximately 25, » and 100% o« the nitrogen
if a purified ration containing isolated soybean
?rowin^« the nitrogen source. Apparent dlgestl-
Siitv ol crude protsln In the rations decreased
sScanUy with each increase In litter nitrogen
Xvel above 23%. However, the depression was
.mail when litter supplied 50% ol the nitrogen,
When Utter supplied 25 and 50% ol the nitrogen.
^.-tiblllty ol Utter crude protein calculated
?vg^fcrwce was «7 and W*. respectively.
Scared wUh 717. when only soybean protein
22 wd. Nltrogsn retention, expressed as
STUBS MP« day. percent ol nitrogen Intake or
Sercent ol absorbed nitrogen, was significantly
Sier at the 100% Utter nitrogen level than
when no Utter was used. There were no cop.
2J£mt differences in ammonia and non protein
Tcontent of rumen Olid and n concentt*
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, Water, 'Farm wastes,
Groundwater. PubUc health. Fixation, 'Nitrogen
cyde, 'Water pollution. Air pollution. Soil Con-
tamination. Fertilizers, Proteins, Rocks, Leach-
ing, Precipitation, Atmosphere, Ammonia, Aero-
sols, Water quality. Geochemistry.
Nitrogen compounds in natural water are signi-
ficant in pubUc health, agriculture, Industry
and geochemistry. The many sources of nitro-
gen compounds and the deep involvement of
nitrogen in the life processes of organisms
makes the study of such compounds difficult. The
sources Include natural aerosols, predpitation,
fixation by micro-organisms In soil and water,
decaying organic matter, and animal and in-
dustrial wastes, as well as probably undiscov-
ered sources in consolidated and unconsolidated
rocks. Nitrogen compounds are both oxidized
and reduced by organisms, Some nitrogen com-
pounds are absorbed on clay. The theoretical
end product In water and the compound prob-
ably most often determined Is NOs-1. The con-
centration of nitrogen compounds ranges from
0.0 to > 100 ppm. (parts per million) In surface
water and from 0.0 to > 1000 ppm. In ground-
water. Seasonal fluctuations occur. Much fur-
ther research Is needed. Including Improvements
In methods of analysis, further Investigation of
sources, and detailed study of the nitrogen
cycle In small drainage basins. (Feth—U. S.
Geological Survey).
and Fontenot - Virginia Poly-
1080 — A3, F4
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATUR-
AL WATER-A REVIEW,
U. S. Geogoglcal Survey. Menlo Park, California.
j. H. Fetn.
Water Resources Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 41-
M. lit Quarter, UM. 9 tab., 1 fig.. 67 re*.
1081 — D3, E3
CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO
OIL,
Pittsburgh Energy Research Center. Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
H. R. AppeU, Y. C. Fu. S. Friedman, P. M,
Yavonky. and I. Wender.
Bureau of Mines Report of Investlgatlon/Wl,
RI 7S«0, U. S. Department ol Interior, 1971, 20
p.. 10 tab.. 3 fig.
Descriptors: •Recycling, 'Sewage sludge, 'Farm
wastes, Agricultural wastes. Wood, Ugnlna, Wa-
ter. Temperature, Catalysts, Solvents, 'Conver-
sion. -Oil, 'Solid wastes.
Identifiers: 'Low-sulfur oil, refute. Carbon mono-
xide. 'Liquid fuels, "Waste products, "Continu-
ous reactor. Sucrose.
The Bureau of Mines I* experimentally convert'
ing cellulose, the chief constituent of solid waste.
to a low-sulfur oil, All types of celluloslc wastes.
including urban refuse, agricultural wastes, sew-
age, sludge, wood, llgnln, and bovine manure,
have been converted to oil by reaction with car-
bon monoxide and water at temperatures ol ISO'
to 400* C and pressures near 4,000 pslg, and
In the presence of various catalysts and solvents.
Cellulose conversions of M percent and better
(corresponding to oil yields of 40 to 50 percent)
have been obtained. A continuous reactor for use
•t maximum conditions up to 500' C and 5,000
pstg has been operated successfully. Using suc-
rose u a feedstock, operation In this system
hat permitted a simplified and preliminary
chemical study of the conversion process, Oil
yields of over 30 percent have been obtained
with this unit. (AppeU, Fu, Friedman. Yavonky,
It Vender • Pittsburgh Energy Research Cen-
ter).
1082 — D2, E3
COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTIN-
UOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES,
Texas Tech University. Lubbock, Department of
Chemical Engineering.
H. W. Parker. C. J. Albus, ft., and O. L. Smith.
Presented at the 74th National Meeting, American
Institute of Chemical Engineers, New Orleans,
March U, 1973, Paper 43 b-rv, 4 tab., 5 fig.,
17 ref.
Descriptors: 'Solid wattes. 'Costs, Cattle, Feed-
lots, 'Watte disposal, 'Recycling, 'Electricity.
•Farm wastes. Oases. Fuel*, Fertilizers, 'By-
products, 'Sodium chloride.
Identifiers: 'Pyrolysls, Municipal wastes, •Re-
tort, Char. 'Pollution abatement.
Conceptual process designs which utilize the re-
cently developed TTU retort to pyrolyse 2,000
tons per day of either munldpal solid waste
or cattle fecdlot waste are reported. The major
product of these processes Is the production of
30 megawatts of electiidty. A governmental
entity which could finance the required 15 mil-
lion dollar Investment with e per cent bonds
over a 20 year period would have to charge
users $1,70 per ton of munldpal refuse pro-
cessed or $0.70 per ton of feedlot watte pyrol-
yzed. (Parker. Albus, Smith - Texas Tech Uni-
versity).
1083 — D2
CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE—FEASI-
BILITY STUDY,
Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Con-
tract Research Department and Texas Tech Uni-
versity, Lubbock, Department of Chemical En-
gineering.
J. R. Massle, Jr.. and H. W. Parker.
Paper presented to the 74th National Meeting
of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers,
New Orleans. March 12-15. 1973; Paper No.
43a, 31 p.. 12 fig.. 6 ret.
Descriptors; -Cattle, 'Farm wastes, 'Waste_dls-
posal. Recycling. 'Solid wastes. Oxidation. Tem-
perature. Energy. By-products, Economics, Tex-
as, Air pollution. Water pollution. Drying.
Identifiers: Pyrolysls, •Continuous retort,. Munl-
dpal refuse. Agricultural crop wastes. Char
products, Fuel.
Continuous pyrolysis of a soUd watte, cattle
manure containing 30% moisture, was demon-
strated in a six inch diameter retort at a mass
flow rate of 136 Ib/hr ft,. The retort wasan
open cyUnder with * grate at the bottom. Cyclic
injection of oxygen containing and oxygen iree
gu served to limit the heated n>ne of the re-
tort to its mldsectlon, which contained no me-
chanical parts. Maximum temperatures in the
hot rone were controlled by n^xm* oxM8"
free gat with the Injected air. This retort may
also be used for munldpal refuse, •aTtailtural
crop waste, or natural resources •»<*» °u.J*Sv
and coal. When Integrated Into a P»<*» •"•'£
and by-products can be recovered from tne
retort as justified by economics, also air and
"ater SbUutton problem, can be easily con-
trolled. (Massle. Parker • Dow Chemical Corn-
may).
CONVERSION O'F URBAN REFUSE TO
on*
Pittsburgh Energy Research Center. Bureau ol
Mines. Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania.
C^ratt ^"SafuS1 S- MSau of
SSnestoUd Waste Program, Technical Proms.
Report-25. U.S. Department of Interior. May,
UTO, 5 p.. 3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Recycling, Temperature, 'Sewage
aludge, 'Oil. Water. Oat, Steam, Sulfur, Organic
a
Identifiers! 'Processing, Furnace, 'Fuels, 'Urban
rsfuae, 'Celluloslc wastes, Carbon Monoxide.
Urban refuse, celluloslc wastes, and sewage
sludge have been converted to heavy oil by
heating under pressure with carbon monoxide
and steam, Conversion of the organic mat-
ter to oil, water, and gas have averaged
near M percent at temperatures of 150'
to 400' C and pressures of UOO to 5,000 pel.
The yield of oil. based on the dry organic mat-
ter of the watte materials, la usually near 40
percent. Tut la the equivalent o! more wan
2 barrel* of oil per ton of dry, ash-free watte
material. The oil from urban refute and cell*
loslc wattes bat a sulfur content near 0.1 per-
cent. Tula low tullur content makat the oil
from refute a desirable source of fuel oil. (Ap-
peU. Wander. Miller • Pittsburgh Energy Re-
search Center).
1085 — A2, Bl, Cl, D2
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL
323
-------
RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE
FEEDLOT,
Environmental Protection Agency
Robert 8. Kerr Water Research Center,
Ada, Oklahoma.
R. D. Kreis, M. H. Scalf, and J. McNabb.
Environmental Protection Agency report number
EPA-R2-72-O61, September. 1972, 43 p., 10 tab.,
2 lit., 26 ref.
Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Confinement pans. 'Rain
fall-Runoff relationships, 'Pollutants, Farm
wastes. Nutrients. Bio-chemical oxygen demand,
Chemical oxygen demand. Conforms, Strepto-
coccus.
Identifiers: 'Feedlot, 'Manure wastes, 'Waste*
characteristics. Solids, Total organic carbon.
Rainfall runoff from a 12,000-head capacity
commercial beef cattle feedlot was characterized
and a treatment-disposal system used by the
feedlot was evaluated, Fifty percent of the rain-
fall events produced measurable runoff from the
feedpens. A four-to ten-Inch manure mantle of
the feedpen surface was found to prevent run-
off from 0.2— to 0.3-lnch rainfalls depending on
Intensity and antecedent moisture conditions. The
total runoff from the feedpens was equivalent
to 39 percent of the total rainfall during the
study period. Direct runoff from the feedpens
contained pollutant concentrations In the form of
oxygen demand, solids, and nutrients that were
generally an order of magnitude greater than
concentrations typical of untreated municipal
sewage. Dilution from direct rainfall and a few
days of sedimentation In the runoff collection
pond* reduced the concentrations of the pollu-
tants up to M percent. The total weight of solids
and oxygen demanding materials was reduced
by about one-half, but the total weight of nu-
trient* was not significantly reduced. The re-
mainder of the treatment disposal system pro-
duced no appreciable improvement in the quality
of the waste water. Final discharges still con-
tained pollutant concentrations two to three times
those of untreated municipal sewage. (Kreis,
Scalf, McNabb - Environmental Protection
Agency).
1086 — E3
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAYING
HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW
MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION
OF EGG YOLKS,
A.R.S. Animal Science Research Division, Poul-
try Research Laboratory. Georgetown, Delaware,
U. S. Department of Agriculture.
L, H. Llttlefleld, J. K. Bletner. and 0. E. Goff.
Poultry Science. Vol. 92, No. 1, p. 179-181, Jan-
uary, 1973. 3 tab., 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Recycling, Cattle, 'Farm wastes.
Poultry, 'Diets.
Identifiers: 'Blood xanthophyll levels, 'Yolk pig-
mentations. Blood.
Dried cow manure was added at the rate of
0, 2.5, S, or 10 kilograms per 100 kilograms
of diets containing 0 and 23 milligrams of
xanthophylls per kilogram of diet to determine
the effect on blood xanthophyll level* and the
pigmentation of yolks produced by hens on
these diets. There was a high positive linear
correlation between the amount of cow manure
added and the amount of xanthophyll in the
blood, the amount of xanthopybll in the egg
yolk and the yolk visual score. There was
a high negative linear correlation between pig-
raenUng efficiency and the amount of cow
manure added to the diet. Although cow ma-
nure was a good source of xanthophylls, it was
not efficiently utilized by the hen as a source of
xanthophylls. (UttleCeld. Bletner. Goff - U.S.
Department of Agriculture).
1087 — A(5, C3
ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOS-
PHERE WITH NITROGEN COM-
POUND VOLATILIZED FROM A
LARGE DAIRY AREA,
Soil scientists, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
and Staff Research Associate, University of Cali-
fornia, Riverside,
R. E. Leubs, K. R. Davis, and A. E. Laag.
Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 2, No.
1, p. 137-141, January-March, 1973, 3 tab., 3
fig., 18 ref.
Descriptors: 'Dairy industry, 'Cattle, 'Nitrogen,
Ammoiia, «Air pollution. Feed lots, 'Water pol-
lution, Toxicity, 'Farm wastes. Sampling, Tem-
perature, Humidity, Winds, Rainfall,
Identifiers: 'Distilled nitrogen, NondistlUable ni-
trogen, Atmospheric NH3, Enrichment.
A dairy cow population of 143,000 in an area
of ISO KM2 enriched the atmosphere with distill-
able N (mostly NH3) over an area in excess of
560 KM2, over an area of 35 KM2, where cow
population density was approximately 1,600 cows
KMs, the concentration of distillable N in the
atmosphere was between 20 and 30 times greater
than at a control site outside the dairy area.
Highest concentrations of N were associated with
wet corral surfaces and favorable evaporative
conditions. Approximately 20% of the total N ab-
sorbed by acid-surface traps in the dairy area
was nondistillable N while filtered air samples
contained 5% or less. Rainfall delivered three
Umes as much N to the land surface inside
than outside the dairy area.. (Luebs, Davis,
Laag-U.S. Department of Agriculture and Uni-
versity of California).
1088 — C5
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF
PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF
GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION
OF URINARY NITROGEN EXCRETED
AS UREA IN SHEEP,
Rowett Research Institute, Bncksburn, Aberdeen,
AB2 9SB.
J. J. Robinson. D. Scott, and C. Fraser.
The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 80,
No. 3. p. 363-368. June. 1973, 3 tab,. 4 fig., 14
ref.
Descriptors: 'Sheep, Diets, Energy.
Identifiers: 'Protein intake, 'Gestation, •Urin-
ary nitrogen. Nitrogen retention.
The effect of altering the level of protein
intake on urea excretion in ewes was assessed
in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1.
14 pregnant (during the last 20 days of gesta-
tion) and 10 non-pregnant ewes were each of-
fered a different level of digested N Intake in
the range 5-25 g/day. At all levels of protein
intake urea N excretion was lower in pregnant
than in non-pregnant ewes. In Experiment 2,
21 pregnant ewe lambs were each offered one
of three diets supplying mean intakes of 83
(T, 1), 113 (T 2) or 147 (T 3) g crude protein/day.
During the last 100 days of gestation the mean
levels of urea N excretion were 6.9, 11.0 and
15.2 g/:day for T 1, T 2 and T 3, respectively.
The corresponding values for urinary N excre-
tion were 9.3, 13.8 and 18.2 g/day. At all levels
of protein intake urea N excretion was lower
just prior to parturition than 95 days prepar-
turn; the difference was correlated with lamb
birth weight and maternal body-weight change.
A notable feature of both experiments was the
low level of urea N excretion by the pregnant
ewes in late gestation, at low protein intakes.
It would appear that when energy Intake is
adequate the decrease in urea N excretion as-
sociated with pregnancy is a direct result of
an increased N requirement for maternal and/or
foetal growth, (Robinson, Scott, and Fraser •
Rowett Research Institute).
1089 — D4, E3
A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM
AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE
WASTES,
University of Illlnos, Urbana, Agricultural En-
gineering Department and Animal Science De-
partment, respectively.
D. L. Day, B. G. Harmon.
Presented at 1972 Winter Meeting. American
Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illi-
nois, December 11-15, 1972. Paper No. 72-854.
10 p., 7 tab., S fig., 21 ref.
Descriptors: 'Recycling, 'Feeds, 'Swine, 'Farm
wastes. Aerobic conditions. Water, Nutrients,
•Oxidation lagoons, Proteins.
Identifiers: Odor control, Rats, 'Waste manage-
ment.
An intriguing amount of protein was noticed
in swine oxidation ditch mixed liquor at the
University of Illinois in 1967. Studies have been
in progress since then to measure the nutritive
value of the aerobically processed product and
use it as a feed supplement in feeding trials
to rats and hogs. Several methods of concentrat-
ing and feeding the product have been tried.
Utilizing this product provides a source of water
and nutrients for swine while minimizing envi-
ronmental pollutants (air, water, soil) There
is odor control and little if any effluent from
the building. The results have been very fav-
orable and economics appear competitive with
outer methods of waste management with a
high degree of pollution control, (Day, Harmon -
University of Illinois).
1090 — A7, A8, C5
COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE
FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY
LARVAE IN COW MANURE,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Mary-
land and Tlfton, Georgia, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
R. W. Miller, C. H. Gordon, N. O, Morgan,
M. C, Bowman, and M. Beroza.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 63, No
3, p. 853-855, June, 1970, 3 tab., 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Feeds, 'Additives, 'Cattle, 'Farm
wastes. Dairy industry, 'Mortality, Milk. 'In-
secticides, Larvae.
Identifiers: 'Coumaphos, 'House flies, Musca
domestic L.
The mortality of first-stage larvae of the house
fly, Musca domesHca L., seeded into the manure
of dairy cows consuming 0-144 ppm coumaphos
in their ration increased as the concentration
of coumaphos in the ration was increased. At
the 144 ppm level, larval mortality approached
100%, Although coumaphos residues were found
in the feces no residues L 0,002 ppm) ap-
peared in the milk of cows at any level of
coumaphos fed. Neither feed intake nor milk
production was affected by the feeding of couma-
phos. The blood cholinesterase of 1 cow fed
150 ppm coumaphos over a 6-week period
dropped to 20% of pre-experimental levels.
(Miller, Gordon, Morgan, Bowman, Beroza • U.
S. Department of Agriculture).
1091 — A7, A8, B3, C5
TOXICITY OF DROPPINGS FROM
COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE
HOUSE FLY LARVAE,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, College
of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and
Plant Pathology.
J. S. Eversole, J. H, Lilly, and F, R. Shaw.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 58, No.
4, p. 709-710, August, 1965, 1 tab,, 4 ret.
Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastes, 'Toxicity,
•Insecticides, Massachusetts.
Identifiers: Flies, Larval: mortality, Coumaphos
oral drench powder, Fannia canicularis, white
leghorn hens.
White leghorn hens were fed mixtures of 50%
coumaphos oral drench powder, and pelleted
poultry feed. The Insecticide levels were 0, 25,
75, and 125 mg of active ingredient per kg ol
feed. The mean mortalities of larvae of Fannia
canicularis (L.) exposed to the droppings from
these birds were 7.3, 18.O, 42.5, and 91.07r,
respectively. Therefore coumaphos provided an
effective degree of control when fed at the 125
mg/Kg level. By a comparison of the concen-
trations of coumaphos required to produce ap-
proximately 90% mortality of the fly larvae In
this field test with the results of our laboratory
tests, it was estimated that approximately a
70-fold decrease in effectiveness occurred during
passage of the insecticide through the birds.
(Eversole,"Lilly, & Shaw - University of Massa-
chusetts).
324
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1092 — A8, C5
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURIENG-
SIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE
FLY LARVAE,
Animal Science Research Division, Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland; Ento-
mology Research Division, Agricultural Research
Service. Beltsville,. Maryland.
R. W. Miller, L. G. Pickens, and C. H. Gordon.
Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 24, No.
4, p. 902-903, August. 1971. 2 tab., 11 ref.
Descriptors; 'Cattle, 'Farm wastes. Larvae,
•Mortality. Additives, Feeds, Poultry.
Identifiers: "Fly control. Bacillus thuringtensis
Berliner. 'Musca domesUca L., Biotrol BTB-183.
• A commercial formulation of Bacillus Hwrlngien-
'J«li. BarUner. Blpttol BT8 183-25 W, was fed to
dairy wattle in*-an attempt to control house fly.
,.Mosci • domestic* L.. larvae in- the feces. A
maximum larval mortality ol 32% was obtained
when cows were (ed 3200 ppm of this formula-
tion. In an In vitro experiment, complete control
of bouse fly larvae wag obtained to a level of
12,800 ppm of feces, (Miller, Pickens, Gordon -
Agricultural Research Service}.
1093 — C3, E3
DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE
AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLE-
MENT FOR SHEEP
Biological Waste Management Laboratory, Belts-
ville, Maryland, U, 8. Department of Agriculture.
L. .W. Smith, C. C. Calvert, and J. R. Menear.
Proceedings 1973 Maryland Nutrition Conference
for Feed Manufacturers. Th? University of Mary-
land. The American Feed Manufacturers Asso-
ciation cooperating. March 15-16, 1973, p. 3M4,
15 tab., 1 fig.. 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Arsenic, 'Sheep.
•Nitrogen, 'Feeds, Growth, Nutrition. Chemical
properties, 'Recycling.
Identifiers: 'Poultry manure supplemented diets.
Feed additives. Digestibility, Soybean oU meal.
Despite possible arsenical residues, dehydrated
poultry-manure supplemented diets were consum-
ed by sheep as readily as diets supplemented
with soybean oil meal. Nitrogen from broiler
manure supplemented diets was not significantly
less digestible than SBOM nitrogen and was re-
tained in the sheep equally well. The true di-
gestibility of DPM-N was determined to be 81%.
a value of similar magnitude determined by
Others tor dry-mixed conventional feeds. Arsenic
from different sources ingested by sheep was
detected in all tissues assayed. Withdrawal of
arsenic from feed results in a rapid decrease
in tissue arsenic concentration. Significance of
arsenic in poultry manure processed for rumin-
ant CP supplements will depend on individual
feeding regimes, .arsenic concentration in ma-
nure and permissible levels established for lamb
and mutton. (Smith, Calvert, and Menear - U.S.
Department of Agriculture).
1094 — Fl, F3
AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION
SOCIO - ECONOMIC ASPECTS,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, College of
Agriculture.
A. F. Bordeaux, Jr.
Presented at the College of Agriculture Annual
Conference. University of Kentucky, January
5-7, 1*71. P. 1-7. 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Economics, Sur-
face waters, Technology, 'Fertilizers, Conservs.
non. Insecticides, 'Farm wastes. Nitrates, Farm
prices. Costs. 'Waste disposal. Water treatment,
DDT, Regulation, Kentucky. Agriculture.
As the interest in environmental protection
height*"* in the United States, farmers are in-
creasingly criticized as polluters of air and
water. Costs of pollution must be met and farm-
en, declining in political power, feel the most
pressure. Alternative chemicals are available to
replace the DDT family, but they are less ef-
fective and more expensive, Providing for econo-
mical environment protection requires the co-
operative efforts of economists, engineers and
scientists. (Frantz - East Central).
1095 — Al, F4
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICUL-
TURE'S EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMEN-
TAL QUALITY,
University of Kentucky, Department of Ento-
mology.
H. W. Dorough.
Presented at the College of Agriculture Annual
Conference, University of Kentucky, January
5-7, 197L p. 8-13.
Descriptors: 'Agriculture, Kentucky. Runoff,
Farm wastes. Surface waters, "Insecticides, Taxi-
city, Spijs, Dairy industry, Efoston, Fertilizers,
Livestock, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, "Soil
contamination, Sedimentation.
Identifiers: 'Tobacco Industry, 'Environmental
quality.
Agriculture depends upon maintaining a quality
environment. But, it may have various detri-
mental effects on that environment. The En-
vironmental Quality Task Force in the Unlver-
"7 ,.,?*.. Kentu<*y College of Agriculture was
established to evaluate the following problems:
pesticides, sediment, farm wastes and fertilizers
Concentrated pesticide use contaminates surface
water, air and especially soil, Erosion and sedi-
mentation aid In the transportation of pollution
in streams. The phosphorus and nitrogen from
farm wastes and certain nutrients from fertiliz-
ers are major sources of water pollution. Evalua-
tion of the general use of pesticide containing.
turn problem In Kentucky indicates cause for
concern, but the situation Is not yet critical
CFrantz • East Central).
1096 — Dl, El, F4
ENGINEERING A G RI CULTURAL
WASTES,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Agricultural
Engineering Department.
B. 1. Barfield, H. E. Hamilton, and 1. J. Ross.
Presented at the College of Agriculture Annual
Conference, University of Kentucky, January
$-7, 1971, p. 8-13.
Descriptors: 'Dehydration, Land use. Proteins.
Erosion. Technology, 'Waste disposal. Lagoons,
Kentucky, Insecticides, Odor, Livestock, Oxida-
tion lagoons. 'Farm wastes, 'Air pollution,
•Water pollution, "Soil contamination.
Identifiers: Composting, Microbial disposal.
The extension of dues into farming areas, de-
mands for more uniform quality products, in-
creased farm production and increasing de-
mands for processed foods are among recent
trends causing problems for agricultural waste
management. Soil erosion accounts for approxi-
mately 88% and livestock wastes for 11% of
all agricultural pollution. But the amount of
livestock waste that must be handled by mass
management methods is expected to double by
1980. SoU disposal and microblal disposal media
are the most common while composting and
dehydration are also used. All agriculture waste
problems roust be met with technological, social
economical acceptability. (Frantz - East Cen-
tral).
1097 — A4, C3
NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN
GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF
CATTLE FEEDLOT,
U. S, Department of Agriculture, Gunnison,
Colorado and U. S. Department or Agriculture,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
J. C. Lorimor, L. N. Mlelke, L. F. Elliott, and
J. R. Ellis.
Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 5, p.
999-1009. October, 1972, 3 tab,, 4 fig., 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrates, 'Cattle, 'Feed lots, 'Wa-
ter pollution. Irrigation, 'Farm wastes, 'Ground-
water, 'Water quality. Aquifer, 'Samples, Ne-
braska. Wells.
Identifiers: 3-day study, transmissvity.
A study of nitrate concentration in the ground-
S»^r^ne^a ,beef catue feefflot MsTcS.
££LJP'y',Nebraska was started to 1968. An
intensive 3-day pumping study was conducted
«™»™ ff?S0t *J ?e start of WO irrigation
system. Little nitrate concentration was found
in the groundwater coming from beneath the
feedlpt. Pumping caused a slight increase in
u- s
1098 - E4, F5
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED
FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
Coastal Plains Center for Marine Development
Services, Wflmington, N.C.
Center Publication No 71-3, August 1971.113 p.
Descriptors: 'Aquatic plants, 'Fish. Poultry,
Mink, Swine, Ruminants, Feeds, 'Water pollution
control, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Animal husbandry, 'Fish protein.
367 REFERENCES INCLUDE INFORMATION
ABOUT BOTH FOOD AND MEDICAL
PRODUCTS WHICH CAN BE OBTAINED
FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS. References on
direct consumption of sea products, such as fish-
ing methods and the use of fresh fish or shellfish,
are excluded Main emphasis is on conversion of
aquatic plants and animals to products such as fer-
tilizers, food supplements for domestic animals
and man, drugs, other Pharmaceuticals, and
aquatic organisms for water pollution control.
There is a permuted title index and an author in-
de.:.
1099 - C4
SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR
APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY, LIVERPOOL, 13-
-15 JULY 1971,
Office of Naval Research. London (England).
G. A. Hottle. Report No. ONRL-C-19-71,
31 August 1971.12p. Href.
Descriptors: 'Microorganisms, 'Water pollution
control, 'Wastes. 'Pathogenic bacteria, Con-
ferences, 'Public health. Riven, 'Sewage,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Solid wastes, Am-
monia, Nitrogen compounds. Nitrates.
Phosphates, Sludge treatment. Dissolved oxygen.
Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Fermentation. Bac-
teriophage, Nutrients, Filters Equipment, Oxida-
tion, Lakes, Wisconsin, Anaerobic digestiion. Al-
gae, Eutrophicatkm, Biodegradation, Plastics,
Phosphorus compounds. Soil fungi, Pseu-
domonas, Dairy industry, Municipal wastes, Her-
bicides. Soil bacteria, Pesticides, Industrial
wastes, DDT, Trace elements, Water quality, De-
tergents, Farm wastes, Urine, Aerobic bacteria,
Carbohydrates, Bactericides, Clostridhim,
Streptococcus, Salmonella, Water purification,
Sheep, Yeasts, Foods, Anaerobic bacteria, Soil
contamination, Waste treatment, Organic matter,
Digestion, Activated sludge, Actinonycetes,
Hydrocarbon pesticides, Viruses, Water pollution
sources. Water pollution effects. Path of pollu-
tants.
Identifiers: Bdellovibrid, Pclodictyon,
Poliovirusei, Plasticizers, Phthalate, Thennophilic
fungi. Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Bacillus,
Cprynebacteria, Streptothrix hyorhina. Cadmium,
Dimetbylnitrosamine, Amines, Carcinogens,
Torulopsis jpp., Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusaria,
Vibris.
The annual conference of the Society for Applied
Bacteriology, held at the University of Liverpool,
13-15 July 1971, included a two-day symposium on
'Microbiol Aspects of Pollution' and a one-day
session devoted to papers on individual research.
325
-------
The following topics were discussed: (1) water pol-
lution by domestic, agricultural and industrial
wastes, (2) sewage treatment using combined aero-
bic-anaerobic systems, (3) microbial ecology of
the activated sludge process, (4) microbial aspects
of pollution in the food and dairy industry, (5) pol-
lution of freshwater! with inorganic nutrients, (6)
microbial degradation of plastics, herbicides, and
pesticides, (7) aerobic methods for the treatment
of farm wastes, (8) factors affecting algal blooms,
(9) the role of obligate anaerols in the digestion of
organic material, (10) health hazard of pollution,
and (11) sewage pollution of natural waters. In-
dividual research topics included (1) 'An Evalua-
tion of Procedures for Enumerating Bacteria in
Activated Sludge', (2) "The Microbial Pollution of
Water Courses as a result of the Sewage and
Animal Wastes and the Application of Animal
Slurry to Land', and (3) 'Methods for Analyzing
the Microbial Decay of Solid Wastes'. (Jefferis-
BatteUe)
1100 - C3
DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAM-
PLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT,
Interuoiversitair Reactor Instituut, Delft (Nether-
lands)
J.J.M.DeGoeij. Report No DU-133-71-17,
1971.21 p, 12 fig, 1 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: •Mercury, •Neutron activation anal-
ysis. Chemical analysis, 'Industrial wastes. 'Pol-
lutant identification, Water pollution sources,
Heavy metals, Separation techniques, Irradiation,
Sediments. Cattle, Birds. Foods. Plant!, Marine
fish. Toxkity, Milk, Water analysis, Marine
animals, Salmon, Herrings, Commercial fish. Au-
tomation.
Identifiers: 'Biological samples, 'Methyl mercu-
ry, 'Rhine River, Seals (Animals), Tuna,
Mackerel, Pilchard, Cod, Haddock, Liver, Brain,
•Netherlands, Body fluid*, Environmental sam-
ples.
Samples of sediments; biological tissues and fluids
(birds, fishes, and man); human hair; foodstuffs;
industrial products and Pharmaceuticals; and
plants and water were analyzed for mercury by
neutron activation analysis. These samples, rang-
ing from 100 mg-l/g, were irradiated in quartz vi-
als, automatically decomposed and oxidized by
sutfuhc acid aad hydrogen peroxide, and volatil-
ized at 200C with HBr into a sodium acetate solu-
tion. Inactive mercury wai added to the solution
and stirred for 1 hr to break the mercury into small
droplets to ensure iiotopic exchange. The Hg wai
then collected on a sintered glass filter, wished
with water then acetone, and finally dissolved in
nitric acid and counted in a well type sodium
iodide crystal. A sensitivity and an accuracy of
1.0-0.1 ppb/gram sample and 97-9S percent yield
were achieved, respectively. Results showed that
(1) one quarter of the birds tested had been killed
by methylmercnry; (2) in the food chain: sedi-
ments - grass • cow - milk, cumulative effects wen
absent; (3) Rhine River sediments showed in-
creases of 18-23 ppm compared to previous tests;
and («) while Dutch fish, seals and coastal marine
organisms were generally contaminated, imported
canned fish and cod fiver oil were in low ranges.
Separate measurements showed not only that tuna
had higher concentrations but that about 80 per-
cent of the mercury in an fish was present as Upo-
phflic methylmercury. (M ackan-BatteOe)
1101 — C4. D4
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE
ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS,
Texas University, Austin, Center for Research In
wnter resources.
Ernest Davis, and Earnest Glcyna.
FWPCA grant 18050 DCL. Technical Beporl
EHE-7O-06, CRWR-55, 132 p. March 1970. 9 fig.,
144 tab., 60 ref.
Descriptors: 'Algae, 'Cultures, 'Enteric Bac-
teria, 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Pathogenic bacteria.
Identifiers: Autogomistic effects, 'Axenic cul
hues, 'Dieoff fates. Aftergrowth, Blue-green
algae. Field studies. Green algae. Laboratory
studies.
A series of experiments Involving the effects oi
blue-green and green algae on the dleoff rates
of selected bacteria were conducted, Aexmlc
cultures of anabaena cycllndrica, A. niculans,
oscillatoria chalybla, chlorella pyrenoidoso and
scendedesm obluguus among others. Cultures
of enteric bacteria species (adcaligeues, faecalis,
enterobactec aerogenes, E, coll proteus vulgaris,
psudomonas aerorginosa, and serratio marcer-
cens) were added to the oxenlc algal cultures
during different periods of the algal life cycles.
Filtrate from actively growing algae was ex-
posed to cultures of enterics to determine
whether any antibiotic compounds were im-
parted to the medium during lag phase growth
of algae. To determine aftergrowth of the
enteric species, the duration of the tests was
extended to about 90 days: Mixed cultures Of
green ar.d blue-green algae were exposed to
both single species of enteric bacteria and
mixed cultures. Mixed algal cultures cause a
greater dleoff among the enteric bacteria than
do individual species of algae. The dieott char-
acteristics of pathogenic species, namely Sal-
monella Typhosa, S. Paratyplin, Shigella Cysen-
ttrlae, S. Paracysenteslae. and Vibrac Comma
were also determined. The pathogenic species
did not survive as long as the enteric test
species under similar test conditions. Virtually
no aftergrowth was detected on the part of
Pathogenes. (Aguirre - Texas).
1102 - C4, D4
MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZA-
TION POND,
Central Public Health Engineering Research Inst.,
Nagpur (India).
M. V. Bopandikar.
In: Advances in Water Pollution Research.
Proceedings Fourth International Conference on
Water Pollution Research, held in Czechoslovakia,
April 21-25, 1969: London, Pergamon Press, Ltd,
Sec II, Paper 16, September 1968. 7 p, 32 ref.
Descriptors: 'Biological treatment, 'Microbiology,
'Oxidation lagoons, Bacteria, Efficiencies,
Lagoons, Microorganisms, Organic Loading,
Pathogenic bacteria, Ponds, Viruses.
Identifiers: 'Bacterial removal, Viral removal.
Stabilization ponds developed by the author in
India successfully treat sewage with an average
BOD of 300 mg/l to 10 mg/1 at a cost of only Rs.
40,000/MCD as against Rs. 1,000,000/MOD with
conventional treatment. No work, however, has
been done in India on the reduction of pathogens
by pond stabilization treatment. Many variables af-
fect the types and quantities of enteric viruses that
occur in sewage and the limitations of available
techniques for their detection further complicate
attempts to judge their significance. A review of the
techniques developed for sampling and concentra-
tion of viruses from large volumes of water is
presented. Methods employed for collecting
sewage samples for quantitative determination of
viruses include: (I) the gauge pad or swab method,
(2) resin adsorption method, and (3) ultra-cen-
trifugation. It is shown that conventional secondary
treatment (including chlorination) is not effective
in removing virus contamination. However,
marked reduction in the yield of viruses occurred
during passages through oxidation ponds. Reduc-
tion in coliforms of fecal E. coli and fecal
streptococci during 30 days passage through oxida-
tion ponds ranged between 96.0 and 99.9%.
(Aguirre-Texas)
1103 - A3, A4, F3
ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION
LAWS IN OKLAHOMA.
Oklahoma Law Review, Vol 22, No 3, p 317-345
(1969). 29 p, 180 ref.
Descriptors: "Oklahoma, "Water pollution
tources, 'Administrative agencies, 'Pollution
abatement. Watercourses (Legal), Surface waters,
Groundwater, Water supply. Water reuse. Water
sources. Industrial wastes, Farm wastes, Sewage,
Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Water users,
Water quality. Standards, Wildlife conservation,
• Oil industry. Saline water intrusion, Toxins,
Sediments. On-site investigations, Hydrologic
cycle.
The article examines first the factors determining
the nature and extent of water pollution: (I) the
character of the state's water resources, their
quality, quantity, and availability; and (2) the
causes of water pollution categorized into the
petroleum and other industries, agriculture, and
municipal wastes. The second section of the article
examines water pollution law as implemented by
case law, legislation, or regulatory agencies* rules.
Private remedies are discussed in regard to: (1)
injuries to land and chattels; (2) nature of
defendant's act; (3) nature of recovery; (4)
plaintiffs standing; (S) defenses; (6) injury to
water use rights; and (7) statute of limitations. The
growth of a comprehensive state administrative
program ia explained. There are six agencies which
administer this program: (I) the Pollution Control
Coordinating Board has various coordinating
functions; (2) the Water Resources Board
performs industry plant inspections; (3) the
Corporation Commission regulates the petroleum
industry's activities; (4) the Health Department
regulates the water supply and sewage disposal; (S)
the Department of Agriculture regulates pesticides
and (6) the Department of Wildlife Conservation
(Reel-Florida)
1104 - A9, C4
FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN
BACTERIAL DISEASES,
Fort Detrick. Frederick. Md. Medical Sciences
Labs.
Werner A. Janssen.
1970. 7p,40ref.
Descriptors: Diseases, Vectors (Biology),
Pathogenic bacteria, Pxeudomonas, Fish, Oysters,
Crabs, Clostridium, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli,
Bioindieators, Bullheads, White perch, Mycobac-
terium.
Identifiers: Aeromonas, Staphylococcus, Pasteurel-
la, Leptospira.
The similarities between pathogens which infect
humans and those found in fish suggests that fish
may act as passive or active hosts for pathogens
which infect man. Review of the relatively few stu-
dies conducted in the past and the author's own ex-
perience demonstrate the feasibility of this thesis.
Because of the increased uae of fish for food, the
contamination of water, especially with human
wastes, and the contact between man and the
aquatic environment, research on this subject
should be expanded. (Little-Battelle)
1105 - A2, F2
RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGIS-
TRATION OF FEEDLOTS.
Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council, Lin-
coln.
Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council. Lin-
coln, Neb. nd, 2 p.
Descriptors: 'Nebraska, 'Water pollution control
•Wane disposal, 'Domestic animal*, Legislation,
Feeds, Water pollution sources, Water policy. Ad-
326
-------
mlnlstrative agencies, Regulation, Programs, Stan-
dards, Streams, Riven, Pollution abatement, Ad-
ministration, Cattle, Poultry, Water fowl, Anhnali,
Legal aspects, Wute disposal, Farm wattei.
The Nebraska Water Pollution Control CouncU ia
empowered to effectuate a comprehensive pro-
gram of water pollution control. Feedlot registra-
tion is a necessary portion of an overall waste
disposal inventory. For clarity in implementing this
Regulation, the word Yeedlot' ii defined as the con-
fined feeding of food, fur, or pleasure anlmali In
building), lots, or ponds not normally used for rais-
ing crops or grazing animals. The confined feeding
of enumerated animals, when grouped in numbers
herein specified, shall come under this regulation.
Any confined feeding within 500 feet of any water-
course also comes within the provisions of the
Regulation. Registration of existing feedlots, prior
to July 1,1968, and proposed feedlots, at least sixty
dsys prior to construction, is mandatory. Such re-
gistration must be accomplished on fortni supplied
by the Council. Detailed information must be pro-
vided on each'feedlot. A failure to register is made
punishable by statutory penalties. (Rees-Florida)
HUb - Al, Bl, F3
MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT.
Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D. C.
Dept of Agriculture, Washington D C, Agriculture
Information Bulletin No 351, April 1971. 48 p.
Descriptors: 'Management, 'Environment,
•Agriculture, 'Water pollution control, Sediments,
Farm wastes,. Nutrients, Phosphorus, Algae,
Nitrates, Water reuse, Salinity, Pesticides,
Livestock, Waste disposal, Oxidation lagoons.
Dehydration, Runoff, Radioactivity, Fallout,
Biocontrol, Insect control, Irrigation, Predation,
Parasitism, Insect resistance, Insect attractants,
Precipitation (Atmospheric), Genetics, Erosion
control, Air pollution, Trees.
Identifiers: Feedlots, Composting, Plant residues,
Recycling food, Processing wastes. Pathogens,
Bioenvironmental controls.
Some of the major problems in agricultural
research dealing with new and older methods of en-
vironmental management are described in an effort
toward interesting the public in preservation of the
quality of our environment. General material is
presented under the subjects 'Protecting land,
water and waterways,' 'Management of farm
wastes,' 'Recycling food processing wastes,' 'New
ways to fight pests-alternatives to pesticides,' and
'A green world—a clean world.' Among the
problems discussed are prevention of animal wastes
reaching waters, phosphorus from human wastes
and detergents, multiple water reuse, and salinity in
irrigated lands of the Southwest. Scientists are try-
ing to prevent pesticide residues in soil and water
and avoid pesticide overuse. Fallout from nuclear
weapon testing calls for various decontamination
treatments; food processing waste disposal and
recycling is described, and recovery of potable
water from seawater by reverse osmosis. Alterna-
tives to pesticides are destruction of insects and
weeds by introduction of predators, parasites, and
pathogens which feed on or infect pests; resistant
varieties, attractants, genetic control, bioenviron-
mental controls, and hormone snd daylight
manipulation. (Jones-Wisconsin)
1107 - A2, A3, A4, F3, F4
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLA-
TION, AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, PART «.
Congress, Washington, D.C.
Hearings before the Committee on Public Works,
Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, 92d
Cong, 1st Sets. April 2, 1971. p 2513-3188, 64 fig,
208 tab, 9 chart, 420 ref.
wastes, 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Water pollu-
tion sources, Missouri, Kansas, Runoff, Fertil-
izers, Pesticides, Waste disposal. Nitrates,
Leaching, Salts, Associated costs, Eutrophica-
tion, Legal aspects, Social aspects. Nutrients,
Bodies of water. Legislation. Federal government.
Identifiers: 'Agricultural runoff.
Testimony was heard by the Senate Subcommittee
on Air and Water Pollution, as part of its investiga-
tion into the effects of agricultural waste runoff on
water. Agricultural operations in Kansas and Mis-
souri are examined. Agricultural water pollution
results primarily from surface runoff of silt,
animal wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, and other
chemical and biological agents. The problem of
concentrated animal wastes from large-scale
feedlots is explored. Current methods of con-
trolling agricultural pollution, changes needed to
correct current problems, and cost impacts arc
covered from the viewpoint of industry, science,
and elected public officials. An extensive appen-
dix includes articles and scientific papers relating
to water pollution from agricultural runoff.
Methods of curtailing and preventing the discharge
of concentrated organic wastes into rivers and
streams are explained. The contamination of sur-
face water from plowing under concentrated
feedlot manure is discussed. The contamination of
water supplies by inorganic fertilizer salts is also
examined. (Grant-Florida)
1108 - A2, A3, A4, Cl
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON
THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
J. I. Sewell, and J. M. Alphin.
Mimeographed paper presented at the Southeast
Region Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers and Southern Section, Soil
Conservation Society of America in Richmond,
Virginia, February 14, 1972. 8 p, 3 tab, 7 ref.
OWRRA-021-Tenn(l).
Descriptors: 'Water quality, Feedlots, Lagoons,
"Tennessee. 'Farm wastes, On-site investigations,
Water pollution sources, 'Land use. Nitrates,
Phosphates, Dissolved oxygen, Coliforms, Bac-
teria.
Surface water samples form twenty-four sites at
four locations in Tennessee were analyzed to
determine the effects of agricultural land use on
the quality of surface runoff. The results showed
that bacterial counts and chemical concentrations
of surface water samples were dependent on land-
use activities; however, the most important fac-
tors affecting the measured levels of these
parameters were the location of the sampling
points with reference to the source of the pollu-
tants, dilution of the pollutants, and the time dur-
ing the runoff cycle at which samples were taken.
Concentrations of livestock increased the BOD,
orthophosphates, and especially the bacterial
counts of surface runoff samples from the areas
affected. Of thirteen agricultural sites examined
on flowing streams, none had dissolved oxygen or
total nitrogen levels which failed to meet FWPCA
standards for public water supplies, and only one
site failed to meet the bacterial criteria.
1109 - B2, D4
AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC
LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES,
Mississippi State Univ., State College. Dept. of
Civil Engineering.
James H. Scarborough.
Master's Thesis, August 1970. 92 p, 24 fig, 8 tab,
44 ref.
digestion. Slurries, Confinement pens. Farm
management, Waste treatment, Sampling,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de-
mand. Phosphate, Hydrogen ion concentration. Al-
kalinity, Nitrogen, Sedimentation, Water pollution
sources. Odor, 'Oxidation lagoons. Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: New-light swine farm.
Interest in the treatment of livestock wastes ha*
grown in recent years due to concentration of
livestock in areas where they are raised for com-
mercial use and the migration to urban areas of
those who are seeking a less polluted habitat. In
Mississippi, an aerobic lagoon which treated swine
wastes was studied for quality of incoming waste
and effluent, as well as performance under varying
temperatures. Random grab samples of influent
and effluent were taken approximately once a week
from February 10 to April 23, 1970, and again on
May 19, 1970. The samples were studied for
biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen de-
mand, phosphorous expressed as phosphate,
volatile solids, total solids, most probable number
of conform bacteria per 100 ml, alkalinity, and
total nitrogen. Results showed that anaerobic
lagoons would reduce the pollutions! charac-
teristics of the waste considerably. The lagoon still
contained an appreciable amount of oxygen de-
manding material and still caused highly odorous
conditions, indicating that the effluent should
receive further treatment. Perhaps anaerobic
lagoons should only be used as a preliminary step
rather than a complete treatment facility and
should be followed by other means of treatment
prior to the adequate and safe disposal of the ef-
fluents. (Atkins-Texas)
1110 - A3, AS, A9
LAKE TERMINOLOGY: WATER BLOOM,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
J. O. Veatch. and C. R. Humphrys.
Bull Mich Agric Coll Exp Station, East Lansing, p
241,1964.1 fig.
Descriptors: *Eutrophicatton. Algae. Ducks.
Color. Fishkill. Lakes, Odor. Toxicity, Water pollu-
tion effects. Water quality. Cattle.
Identifiers: 'Definitions, 'Water bloom. Toxic al-
gae, Recreational use.
This lexicon of lake terminology defines a water
bloom as: 'A prolific growth of plankton. A blooir.
of algae may be so dense that it imparts a greenish.
yellowish, or biownish color to the water. The
growth may be so concentrated in some pans of«
hike that it interferes with swimming and boating.
The algae not only imparts a disagreeable odor, but
it may be a cause of fish mortality, und some spe-
cies may be poisonous to cattle and ducks and a
menace to drinking water supplies.' This entry in-
cludes an aerial photograph of an algal bloom con-
centrated in bav of a lake. (Eichhorn-Wis)
1111 - A3, A7, A9
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS,
David B. Peakall, and Jeffrey L. Lincer.
BioScience, Vol 20, No 17, p 958-964, September
1,1970.1 fig, 2 tab. 62 ref.
Descriptors: 'Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides,
•Food chains, 'Pesticide toxicity, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical analysis, Persistence. Absorption-,
DDT, Chemical properties. Plastics, Paints,
Rubber, Resins, Gas chromatography, Spec-
trophotometry, Mallard duck, Poultry, Songbirds
Wading birds. Mussels, Herrings, Path of pollu-
tants, Water pollution sources. Water pollution ef-
Identifiers: 'Biological magnification, 'Aroclors,
•Polychlorinated biphenyls, Chemical structure.
Descriptors: 'Agricultural chemicals, 'Chemical Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Anaerobic The structural and physical properties, uses,
327
-------
analytical methods, toxicology, levels in nature,
and biological magnification of PCBs, and the ratio
of DDT to PCB in the environment are sum-
marized. Although nothing is known about the
biological decomposition of PCBs, it is likely that
they are more stable than DDT and its metabolites
and thus have a tendency to accumulate up the
food chain. No figures on the amount of these
materials produced annually are available. Analysis
of PCBs has been carried out by means of a com-
bination of high resolution gas chromatography
and mass spectrometry. Nitration and saponifica-
tion have been used to separate PCBs from other
residues for analysis. Although several studies have
been carried put on the toxicology of PCB», toxic
levels are still largely undefined. Studies have
shown, however, that there are striking alternations
in the internal organs of some mammali and birds
Data taken from several studies indicate that the
PCBs are capable of biological magnification of th*
food chain. Because of the apparent danger of
these materials it is necessary to discover the major
sources of their escape into the environment. Sixty-
two references have been cited in this summary
(Uttle-Battelle)
1112 - A2, C3, C4, CS
CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND
BEHAVIOR,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Bac-
S. R. Miner, L. R. Bernard, L. R. Fina, 0. H.
Larson, and R. I. Lipper.
Proceedings, Industrial Watte Conference, 21 it,
May 3,4, and 5,1966. p 834-847.9 fig, 9 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Surface
runoff, •Cattle, 'Farowastes, Rainfall intensity,
Chemical properties, Bacteria, Nitrogen,
Colifonn, Streptococcus, Laboratory tests, Data
collection. Analysis.
Identifiers: Feedlot.
Stormwater runoff is becoming recognized as an
important water pollutant Runoff from cattle
leedlots is particulary strong. Three types of ex-
periments were conducted to evaluate toe charac-
teristics and behavior of feedlot runoff. Two
feedlots (0.05 acres each) were constructed, one
with a dirt surface and the second with a concrete
surface. Ten bead of cattle were maintained in
each lot and rainfall was simulated by a series of
sprinklers. The runoff was collected and tested for
chemical and bacterial contamination. Tray ex-
periments were conducted to determine bac-
teriological changes in manure lying on the feedlot
surface. Anaerobic bottle studies were made to
determine the effects of storage in deep ponds.
Cattle feedlot produces a high strength Waste with
considerable quantities of nitrogen. ' Wast*
strength increased with low rainfall rates, warm
weather and moist lot conditions. Runoff from the
concrete surface lot was nearly twice as strong as
from the unsurfaced lot. The bacterial nature of
the stored feedlot runoff and litter changed con-
tinuously. Changes were a function of temperature
and storage tune. The fecal colifonn: fecal
streptococcus ratio does not appear to be an en-
tirely reliable tool to identify the cause of an ob-
served water pollution problem. (Goessling-Texas)
1113 - D4
AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG
ISLAND DUCK WASTES,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. V. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing; and Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
Raymond C. Loehr, and Oennii D. Schulte.
2nd International Symposium for Waste Treatment
Lagoons, June 23-25,1970. Kansas City, Missouri,
P249.2S*. 7 fig, 2 tab, II rcf.
Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagooni, 'Farm wastes.
Pilot plants, Chlnrinalion, Phoiphatei, Mixing,,
Coagulation, Flocculation, Dissolved oxygen,
Biochemical oxygen demand. Aerobic conditions,
Anaerobic condition!, Co«t analysis, Design
criteria. Mathematical models. Waste water treat-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Aerated lagoons, 'Puck wastes.
Laboratory treatability studies were conducted in
IQ65 to determine the feasibility of treating duck
waites in a number of treatment systems. Pilot
scale te»u were (hen run on * aerated lagoon
syatem in 1 967. The pilot plant had a 250,000 gal-
lon capacity, an 8 ft depth, and a 5 HP floating
aerator. 35% of the duck waste water systems sub-
sequently installed provided in excess of 90% BOD
reduction, and 50% provided in excess of 85*
BOD reduction, with aerator power relationships
1000 gallons. Th*M >Kmns Incited unud
lagoons, witHai p«idi. Md chtoflutie*. 5tu41*i
an pnMfitly Wing conducted on (»• new m.tkodi
or phosphate removal, with some type of re moral
to be implemented as soon as possible.
( Lowry-Texas)
1114 - D4, Fl
ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS, A QUESTIONA-
BLE TREATMENT SYSTEM,
SamualA.Han.
2nd International Symposium for Waste Treatment
Lagoons, June 23-25, 1970, Kanuu City, Miuouri,
p 320-324.1 tab, 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoons,
Organic loading. Infiltration, Evaporation, Percola-
tion,, Aeration, Oxygenatipn, Odors, Sprinkler ir-
rigation. Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic condi-
tions, Biochemical oxygen demand. Waste water
treatment.
Identifier*: Aerated lagoons.
Both oxidation lagooni and oxidation ditches can
be of significant value to the agriculture industry.
First introduced in the early 1930's, these lagoons
•proved to be inexpensive to build and offer a
minimum of maintenance. However, this system
must be carefully designed in order to provide
adequate treatment of agricultural waites, and this
care in design has not been Inherent to lagoons in
the past. Comprehensive field studies on cow
manure have indicated that 60 ft to the third power
of aerated lagoon volume is necessary to treat I Ib
BQD 5/day. In between totally miied and aerated
lagoons, and conventional oxidation lagoons are
various degrees of anaerobic and aerobic treat-
ment. Similar studies conducted on hog wastes
Died loading rates at 12 ft to the third power/400 Ib
pig as being capable of providing sufficient treat-
ment. OiWation lagoons were also studied, with
loading rstis of JO ft to the third powcr/lb BODS.
Costs for the. oiidatton ditch ireatjneot are $6 per
hog of aeration equipment and $.006 per hog per
day of power requirements. Overall, oxidation
lagoons and dltchti, and aerated lagoons can pro-
vide lufflctsm treatment if properly designed and.
maintained, •( towry-Tesu)
lilS - C3, D4, E3,-:
CO* I KOI. OK NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL
UAKTK WATKMH,
Ciirru-H I'niv.. lijiaca. N.Y. Dept. .if Civil and
Agricultural l-injuin-cring.
Ka.vtiH>ml ('. l.ivhr
Priiocedings I.?lh Sanitary Engineering Conference
im Nitr;ilr ami Water Supply; Source and Control.
I'chruary 11-1.2. l'>70, Urmcrsity of llfinois. Ur-
hanii: llliiioi» liimvr.it>. C'olUgc of Engineering
PubliciilNMi. |. 17 7-IN').'I "711. Up.4fig, I tab. 23
ref. I-VVUA Project WP-l-fM.
IX-M.ripi<>r»: M-'arni uaslc>>. 'Nitrogen compounds.
•Waste treatment. 'Nitrification. *rvnitriluMtii>n.
Ci'nfincnicnl pen*, l-.irni lagoons. Oij'.ink walk's.
Waste Kiilvr Ircalnicnl. l)iodc|>rail:(thiii. Aeration.
Aerobic treulitient.
Identifiers: 'Niliogcn removal.
The trend in reci-iii year* fur the confinement feed-
ing of livestock iinil for inereuscd numbers of
animals per production unit results in highly eon-
cemralcd. low-volume waste flows which represent
a |h>lluliiniul l,,i/.nd lo ground- ami Mirfucu ualeis.
The nui1uli»iial conlnlnilion from Ihvxv activities is
ntanil'cslcd l>y excessive initiient cuncenlialion*.
chiclly high lew-la ..f niiro|>vii. microhial impair-
,incnl of mi Cave waters, release i>f cnnl.immcnts
that complicate subsequent water treatinenl opera-
I Mm*, and depletion of dissolved oxygen in Miil'.icc
waters. Control of such uusles commences «-iih
eiviilainment. I he microhial synthesis which oceuia
during containment reduce* nitrogen levels to a
certain extent. Further removal* cun be uccom-
pfitJiixJ by ammonia stripping using diffused ucra-
lion »r by nitriflvi.iflon-ilumuincutiim. Tb? most
• suitable method of Uisposnl fin treated wastes is on
the land, where the remaining nutrients can be in-
corporated into cmrw. (iCmipp-USGS)
1116 - Bl, Dl, El
MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CON.
TROL POLLUTION,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
James A. Moore.
Water Pollution by Nutrients-Sources, Effects and
.Control, Water Resources Research Center,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, WRRC Bul-
letin 13, p 29-34, June l%°. 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Pollution control, 'Organic loading,
•Cattle, 'Hogs, 'Sheep, 'Farm wastes, Water pol-
lution sources. Water quality, Waxtc disposal, Min-
nesota, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Aerobic
treatment. Water pollution control.,
Identifiers: 'Manure processing, 'Manure disposal,
Livestock industry, Manure storage. Oxidation
ditch.
High costs and larger quantities of inert and biolog-
ically stable materials prohibit many municipal
waste treatment systems being used for animal
waste disposal. No system has been designed to
remove nitrogen and phosphorus in animal wastes.
Four stepn in the management of manure arc sug-
gested: (I) collection, (2) proccsning, (3) storage,
(4) utilization or disposal. Drying manure simpli-
fies sanitation problems because it i« stable, rela-
tively odorless, and breeds-few flies. Energy
required for drying limits method. Anaerobic
kigpons arc a popular method for stabilbiing or-
ganic matter, because disposal problems are mostly
eliminated. Animal waste can be treated in aerobic
oxidation ponds with oxygen mipplicd by ulgac and
natural regeration supplemented by mechanical
aeration. Impervious-bottom tanks and storage
areas should be considered to prevent nutrient
leaching during extended holding periods.
Although economically non-competitive, more ef-
fort'to dispose animal waste as. fertilizer would al-
leviate the problem and prove beneficial to soils.
(Bannerman-Wisconsin)
1117 - Al, F4
WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS-
SOURCES, EFFECTS AND CONTROL, PAPERS
PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNUAL MEETING OF
MINNESOTA CHAPTER SOIL CONSERVA-
TION SOCIETY OF AMERICA.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Water Resources
Research Center. WRRC
Bulletin l"3, Minnesota Water Resources Research
Center, June 1969. 79 p. OWRR Project A-999-
MINN.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Water pol-
lution effects, 'Eutrophication, 'Nutrients Algae
Fish population, 'Water pollution control, Farm
wastes. Municipal wastes. Septic tanks, Recreation
$28
-------
wastes, Water quality.
Identifiers: * Nutrient sources.
The Bulletin includes the papers presented at a
conference on 'Nutrient Pollution - Sources, Ef-
fects and Control' held in Minneapolis, Minnesota
on January 8.1969. The conference was planned as
the Annual Meeting of the Minnesota Chapter, Soil
Conservation Society of America. The papers, all
individually abstracted, include the following titles:
Nutrients and Other Forms of Pollution, Diagnos-
ing Pollution in Lake Minnetonka, Effect of
Eutrophication on Fish and Related Organisms,
Health Aspects, Surface and Groundwalers,
Animal Waste Disposal Problems and Trends in
Minnesota, Managing Livestock Wastes to Control
Pollution, Runoff and Sediment as Nutrient
Sources, Controlling Nutrients and Organic Toxi-
cants in Runoff, Treatment of Municipal Wastes,
Septic Tank Effluents, Water Pollution in Recrea-
tional Areas - Sources and Control, and Setting
Water Quality Standards and Regulating Nutrient
Sources, Implementing Pollution Control.
1118 - Al, F4
WATER QUALITY ' MANAGEMENT
PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS.
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla.
Treatment and Control Research Program.
James P. Law, Jr.,
and Jack L. Witherow, Editors. Federal Water
Quality Administration Water Pollution Control
Research Series 13030 DYY 6/69, October 1970.
105 p. FWOA Program 13030 DYY.
Descriptors: 'Conferences, 'Water quality,
•Water pollution sources, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Arid lands, Irrigation. Agriculture, Evapora-
tion, Salinity, Farm wastes, Surface waters,
Croundwater, Planning, Irrigation effects. Wastes,
Nutrients.
An international conference entitled 'Arid Lands in
a Changing World' sponsored by the American As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science Commit-
tee on Arid Lands and the University of Arizona,
was held at Tucson in June, 1969. The Federal
Water Quality Administration provided financial
support for the conference and solicited papers to
be presented in the Water Management and Salini-
ty and Desalini/ation sessions. This report presents
a selected group of the papers presented at those
sessions which should benefit those concerned with
water quality management problems in arid re-
gions, The title of the papers included in this report
are as follows: nitrate removal from agricultural
waste water; the effects of salinity standards on ir-
rigated agriculture in the Colorado River basin;
problems of pollution of irrigation waters in arid re-
gions; water quality requirements and re-use of
waste water effluents; salinity control in return flow
from irrigated areas—a demonstration project;
water quality control problems in inland sinks;
natural pollution in arid land waters; distillation of
waste waters: a water resource for arid regions; and
animal waste runoff-a major water quality chal-
lenge. (Woodard-USGS)
1119 - B2, D4
TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL
WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR
MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Chemical En-
gineering.
G. T. Tsao. Iowa State Water Resources
Research Institute, Ames, Completion Report ISW-
RRI-33 Engineering Research Institute 1SU-ERI,
Ames-99959 April, 1971 34 p. 27 fig. 12 ref.
OWRR Project A-032-1A (6).
Descriptors: Oxygen, Absorption, 'Foaming,
•Aeration, 'Cytological studies, Farm wastes,
Waste water treatment, 'Biological treatment.
Identifiers: Waldorf aerator, Cell growth, 'Whey.
Cheese whey containing 35,000 ppm BOD is the
most concentrated liquid waste that can be found
in large quantities. It foams excessively when bub-
bled with gas. Cheese whey was successfully
treated in a Waldhof aerator by Saccharomyces
fragilis. This yeast can reduce about 85% of the
BOD and produce single cell protein. A batch as
well as a continuous growth process of this yeast
was successfully developed. A fundamental study
on the transient and steady state behavior of cell
growth was also conducted. Through computer
simulation, it was possible to predict growth pat-
tern in batch and continuous processes. Oxygen is
important in any aerobic biological process. The
Waldhof aerator not only provides good aeration
for yeait growth, but is also capable of handling
highly foamy liquors like whey through its foam
recycling mechanism. A sysmetical study on the
working mechanisms of a Waldhof aerator was
conducted. Foam fractipnation of the yeast and
other microbiological cells was also studied. Foam
decay was found to follow a second-order rate pat-
tern. A theoretical investigation was conducted on
gas-liquid interfacial oxygen absorption. The effect
of viable microbiological cells that consume the
transferring solute on the rate of oxygen absorption
was analyzed.
1120 - A3
SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE, AMMONIUM AND
NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CEN-
TRAL NEW JERSEY STREAMS,
Rutgen-The-State Univ., New Brunswick. N.J.
Dept. of Soils and Cropi.
Aytekin Bilgin.
M Sc Thesis, Rutgers University Graduate School,
March 1971. 113 p. 29 fig. 7 map, I tab, 60 ref.
OWRR Project A-027-NJ (1).
Descriptors: *New Jersey, 'Water pollution
sources, 'Pollutants, 'Phosphates. 'Nitrates. Sur-
face runoff. Leaching. Sewage disposal. Chemical
wastes, Domestic wastes. Farm wastes. Industrial
wastes. Fertilizers, Ammonia, Nitrogen cycle,
Nutrients, Nitrification, Decomposing organic
matter, Eutrophication, Balance of nature,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Aquatic productivi-
Identifiers: 'Middlesex County (N J). 'Somerset
County (N J). 'Mercer County (N J). New Brun-
swick (N J), Princeton (N J).
A study was made from April to October 1970 of
pollution in seven streams located in Middlesex.
Somerset, and Mercer Counties, New Jersey. The
objective of this investigation was to determine the
origin, source, and concentrations of phosphate,
ammonium, and nitrate polluting the streams. The
following were the areas studied: Beaverdam Brook
(E. Brunswick), Mile Run (New Brunswick), Six
Mile Run (New Brunswick), Millstone River (Prin-
ceton), Rock Brook (Zion), Ouek Pond Run (Prin-
ceton), and Big Bear Brook (Hightstown). Of
these. Millstone River, located near a sewage
disposal plant, and Mile Run, near a chemical
plant, produced the highest phosphate and am-
monia levels. Mile Run had the greatest BOD
because of the heat and wastes polluting it Nitrate
contamination developed principally In areas
where eutrophic conditions existed for some years,
and where surface runoff leached out fertilizer
residues from suburban lawns and cultivated
agricultural soils. Moderate nitrate contamination
was seen in Six Mile Run, Big Bear Brook, and
Duck Pond Run. The highest nitrate level occurred
in Beaverdam Brook where the adjacent watershed
had been completely altered some 5 years earlier
by bulldozing and grading operations. This activity
completely destroyed the original soil profile and
broke up and buried the former organic layer so
that mineralization and nitrification was rapidly in-
creased. (Olasby-USGS)
1121 - A3, A9, El
WATER POLLUTION MOM LAND KUNOPT,
AgncuItursl Research Service. US Department of
Agriculture.
K. C. Walker, and C. H. WadleJth.
Plant Food Rev. Vol 14. No l.pp 2-4. IMI. 3 p. |
photo.
Descriptors: 'Runoff. 'Water pollution. Infiltra-
tion, Sediments. 'Sedimeal yield. 'Nutrients,
Eutrophicaiion Inorganic compounds. Nitrates,
Phosphates, Calcium, Magnesium. Fertilizers.
Agricultural chemicals, Fishkill. Pesticides. Endrin,
Irrigation. Acid mine wster.
Mentifiers: ^Livestock wastes. Runnels. Feedlotx,
ttoS ""^ ' M""ure "•yds**. Bacterial poUu-
Contributions of agricultural activities to the pollu-
tion of runoff is surveyed, and it if found that sedi-
ment is by far the most prevalent entity that impairs
water quality. Of the average annual precipitation,
30% becomes runoff and less than 1% infiltrates
deeply. Sediment yield in the Mississippi basin
averages 390 tons annually per sq mi Large
amounts of nutrients arc lost with sediments. For
example, the load per yr of nitrogen » 500.000
tons; phosphate, 750.000; calcium, 5.400,000;
magnesium. 2,400,000, and livestock wastes. 1.6
billion (1965). Associated wanes brought the an-
nual total to 2 billion ions. Organic waste problems
are severe 50.000 head of beef cattle produce as
much waste as 600.000 people; therefore, serious
economic and engineering planning is necessary for
disposing of manure or for recycling it for fertilizer
use. Major fish kills have occurred because of
feedlot runoff, which with other farmland runoff
contains high nitrates and phosphates. Pesticides
usually are present but in low concentrations. Ir-
rigation increases the natural salts content of ru-
noff. Acid mine drainage is a problem in the Ohio
River Watershed
1122 — A3, A4, C3
NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND
SUBSURFACE WATERS,
Wisconsin University, Madison.
S, Wltzel. E, McCoy, O. J. Attoe. L. B. Polkow-
sM, and K. T, Crabtree.
Water Resources Center. University of Wiscon-
sin, Technical Completion Report, December
1968, 65 p. 14 tab.. 12 fig., 27 ref.
1968. 63 p. IS tab., 12 fig.. 27 ref. OWRR
Project B-004-Wls,
Descriptors:: 'Domestic animals, 'Wastes, fer-
tilizers, 'Essential nutrients. 'Nitrification, crops,
toridty, soil porosity, irrigation, ground water,
runoff, frozen ground, sou erosion, water pol-
lution, Dentriflcation, phosphorus compounds,
algae, aquatic plants.
Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification have
been studied with 191 samples of shallow
water from streams, farm ponds and adjacent
soils. Of 47 chosen for repeated tests, 45 pro-
duced no sub 2-N ranging 5-154 microgram/ML.
Av. 48 mlcrogram/ML. Only 2 produced no sub
3-N at 33 and 46 mlcrogram/ML. Of 167 stock
cultures of soil fungi, the main producers were
In the asperglllus flavus-oryzae and A. Wentit
Croups (75% yielded 65-100 micrograms of no
sub 3-N) and the penlcUlum genus (21 of 24
species yielded 7-19 mlcrogram/ML of no sub 3-N
from no sub 2-N, not from organic N). Nitrlfiers
of no sub 2, no sub 3 type were found in 5 other
genera. Residual no sub 3 following crop maturity
migrates downward from 12 inches to aquifer
depth at 20 feet over winter on waupun and
plalnfield soils, respectively. -One Wisconsin
commanlty had 86 wells with 34,5% unsafe con-
taining high no sub 3 and another had 550 wells
with 1/3 unsafe. Surface waters received less
than 5.7 Ib. N and 2.53 Ib. p. per A. In flood
flows from a 1346 A. watershed; 3.62 Ib. N
and 1.14 Ib. p per A. from 3 farm areas total-
ing 246 A. Lancaster plots receiving 15 tons
dairy cow wastes per A. lost 19.8% more N
and 11.3% more P when applied on frozen
ground in a year ot high winter runoff.
329
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1123 - Bl, D2, D4
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK
WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE
REUSE OF WATER,
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo.
George L. Pratt.
Research Project Technical Completion Report to
Office of Water Resources Research, December
1968, Washington, D. C. 24 p. 11 tab, 2 ref. OWRR
Project A-001 -NDAK.
Descriptors: 'Water reuse, Stock water. Domestic
animals, 'Farm wastes. Potable water, Solid
wastes. Urine, Water pollution. Aeration, Aerobic
treatment. Biological treatment. Coagulation, Fil-
tering systems. Filtration, Flocculation, Oxidation,
Waste storages, * Waste water treatment, Water
purification, water treatment.
Separating solid materials from liquid wastes that
have been removed from a livestock barn can be
accomplished in several ways. In trials at the North
Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station settling
tanks and sand filters were evaluated. In one phase
of the work treatment of overflow from a settling
tank that collected beef waste was emphasized. No
treatment, aeration, and treatment with aluminum
'sulfate (alum) were tested for the settling tank
overflow. The settling tank removed the bulk of the
solids. Alum treatment of the overflow was effec-
tive in reducing total solids to the point where it
was nearly feasible to provide final treatment. In
the second phase of the work a slow sand filter was
tested under controlled conditions to determine its
adaptability for final treatment of. reclaimed water.
Tests were run at three temperatures, 45 deg F, 70
deg F, and 100 deg F. Controlled amounts of or-
ganic material were added to the influent of the
filter. The filter was easily managed and adaptable
to a wide range of conditions. Its performance was
better at TO deg F than at 45 deg F or 100 deg F.
1124 — A2, A4, E2
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON
MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN
IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS-
FORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN,
Wisconsin University, Madison.
R. J, Olten.
University of Wisconsin, Water Resources Cen-
ter, Report 1969. 79 p. OWRR B-004-W1*.
Descriptor*: •Nitrification. 'Soil nitrogen, 'Pub-
lic health, 'Soil leaching. Qroundwater, Soil
profiles, Water table. Surface runoff, Farm
wastes. Aerobic conditions. Incubation.
Identifiers: Lake EuropHcation, 'Soil phosphorus,
AUalia-Bromegrasi. Spring thaws. Fertilizer-ni-
trogen,
There is increasing evidence that agriculture
is contributing to the increase in nitrate-nitro-
gen in streams, lakes, and domestic water sup-
plies. High amounts of nitrate-nitrogen In water
are a health hazard and contribute to lake
eutropblcatlon. Methods by which nitrogen may
enter the water' from agricultural sources in-
clude the leaching of nitrate-nitrogen through
the soil profile to the water table and iurfac<>
runoff, especially during spring thaws from ma-
nure applied to frozen soil during the winter.
The data obtained from field experiment* Indi-
cate that pollution of groundwater with nitrate-
nitrogen can be limited by avoiding excessive
rates ol fertilizer nitrogen; providing a crop
cover on the sou during the growing season;
use of hay crops, such as aUalfa-bromegraes,
in rotation with corn or other crops receiving
fertilizer nitrogen; and not permitting unpro-
tected manure to accumulate during the time
of year when leaching can occur. Recovery
of fertilizer nitrogen by three lucceatlve corn
crops and as toll in organic nitrogen following
the last crop ranged from 72 to M percent.
The average concentration ol nitrate-nitrogen
in (be toil solution it the lowest profile depth
sampled ranged from 14 ppm for virgin soils
» « ppm for manure contaminated soils and
to 31 ppm for cultivated soil*. Rate of nitri-
fication was directly related to the rate of
manure application, presence of aerobic condi-
tions, period of incubation, and soil phosphorus.
The average recovery of nitrogen by chemical
analysis of the soil receiving the higher ma-
nure rate* after 37 weeks of incubation ranged
from Wh for anaerobic conditions to 73 to 80
percent for the aerobic conditions. These data
suggest that where animal manure is not to
be used as a fertilizer, lagooning of the ma-
nure under anaerobic condition* may be an
effective method of disposal with a minimum
risk of water pollution. (Olaen - University of
Wisconsin).
1125 - A3, F4
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND
TRENDS IN MINNESOTA,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
Evan R. Alfred.
Water Pollution by Nutrients-Sources, Effects and
Control, Water Resources Research Center,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, WRRC Bul-
letin 13, p 22-28, June 1969. 2 fig, 3 tab.
Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Wastes, 'Farm wastes.
Organic wastes, Minnesota, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Farms, Pollutants, Water pollution
sources, Eutrophication.
Identifiers: 'Livestock waste disposal. Broiler
farms, Livestock wastes comparison, Feedlots,
Manure production. Food production wastes, Pro-
jected livestock farms, Wastes management.
The growing problem of animal waste disposal
resulting from the trend toward concentration of
livestock on fewer farms is discussed. Data com-
piled in Minnesota indicates large percentage of
these farm animals arc on feed and in confinement.
The problem will accelerate as herds grow larger to
meet future population demands. By 1980 there is
a projected 10-fold increase in the average hog and
feed-cattle herd size in Minnesota. Three reasons
given for failure to solve animal waste disposal
problems are: (I) reluctance to monetary expendi-
tures on adequate methods, (2) because the
problem has been considered unrelated to other
parts of society, and (3) approaches have been
used that arc only applicable to other types of
waste. Cost involved and the enormity of the
problem arc realized when data presented indicate
a 250,000 bird poultry enterprise has a biochemical
oxygen demand waste equivalent to a city popula-
tion of 25,000. Eutrophication is increased by
spreading manure on frozen ground and the con-
sequent runoff in spring thaw. Since the cost of a
treatment plant and storage it prohibitive to in-
dividual farmers, it is concluded that no immediate,
simple solution ii in sight. (Banncrman-Wisconsin)
1126 - A9 ^
SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY.
ANNUAL REPORT, 1971.
Georgia Univ., Athens. lost, of Ecology-
Robert S. Beyers,
I. L. Brisbin, D. C. Colcman, J. B. Gentry, and J.
W. Gibbons (editors). August 1971. Farts 1 and 2.
420p.AT(38-l)-310.
Descriptors: 'Boron, 'Nutrient requirement.
•Cycling nutrients. 'Radioactivity effects. Water
pollution effects, Ecosystems, Thermal pollution,
Radioecology. Southeast U.S., Microorganisms,
Bass, Ecology, Snakes. Poultry, Rodents, Aquatic
habitats, Aquatic plants. Amphibians, Turtles.
Aquatic life. Path of ^oflutants. Reservoirs.
Streams, Soil-water-plant'relationships. Absorp-
tion.
Work at the Savannah River laboratory is reported
which includes basic ecology (16 projects),
radioecology (3), ecosystem radiation effect* (2).
and thermal effects on fish (2). Analysis of
southeastern United States surface water* for
boron showed level* which were usually leu than
100 ppb. It appears that a higher level in most
streams is by leaching of rocks and soil, as com-
pared with the lower level in large reservoirs
which is comparable with the level in rainfall (ex-
cept in cases of salt water intrusion). Other studies
include: radiation effects on ecosystems involving
(respectively) microorganisms, fish, and broiler
chicks; and nutrient studies in ecosystems involv-
ing aquatic macrophytes, harvester ants, an old-
field mouse, small mammals, snakes, mosquito-
fish, turtles, and lizards. (Bopp-ORNL)-
1127 - A4, Bl
WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUrVLIES,
G.E. Smith.
Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 110, No IS, p 1048-1049,
September 25.19«, 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Nitrate*, Feed lot*. Fertilizer*,
•Farm waste*, Missouri, Water supply, Water
wells, Water pollution sources.
Identifier*: * Water contamination.
Studies show that 75% of Missouri's water is con-
taminated by nitrates, primarily from feedlou.
Shallow wells are most affected, but deep one*
can be if improperly cased. To solve the problem.
new properly encased wells should be dug some
distance from feedlou. (Marquard-East Central)
1128 - D4, E3
USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WATER TREAT.
MENT AND ANIMAL FEED,
Louisiana Stale Univ., Baton Rouge. School of
Forestry and Wildlife Management
D. D. Culley, Jr., and E. A. Epp*.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
45. No 2. p 337-347, February, 1973.1 fig, 5 tab. 28
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Waste water treat-
ment, Farm lagoons, Nutrient removal, Feed*,
Livestock.
Identifiers: 'Duckweed, Lemnacese.
This scientific study was established to search for
aquatic plant* suitable for nutrient reduction in
animal waste lagoons and for utilization in animal
feeds. Criteria for evaluating the aquatic plant* are
given. Chemical composition of plants from the
family lemnaceae are shown in tablet based on
eight test sites. Duckweed (how* great potential,
but minor problems include toxic buildup and ex-
cess water content (Uarquard-Eait Central)
1129 - A3, B2, C2, D2
BEEP CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOUM
TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARAC-
TERISTICS,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln.
C. B. OUbertson. J. A. Member, T. M. McCaOa, J.
R. EIHS, and W. R. Wood*.
Transactions of the ASAF (American Society of
Agriculture Engineers). Vol 15.No6,pU31-1134.
1972.6 f is, I reTsupport in part by EPA.
Descriptors: *Feed lot*. Runoff, Continuous flow,
•Farm waste*, Cattle, *Watte water treatment
Identifiers: 'Solid* removal system. Batch
system.
Re
ing settleable solids fn
runoff requires a working t
beef cattle feedlot
ilge of the rela-
tionships between precipitation, runoff, solids,
transport, and settling of the transported sotU*.
The authors give physical descriptions of the
working area and develop estimating equations
i otsotUt
which can be used to assist in deaiga
removal systems to geographic ana* with similar
cUmatic and feedlot conditions. Two system*, a
•batch system', and • 'continuon* flow* systm,
wencooitnicte4.Inla«OTsaocytesU(Iinboffcooe
test*), about 40% of the total solids transported
(by weight) settled in 16 to It mmnteTatiero
330
-------
velocity of flow. Calculated bulk density of settle-
able solids was 6.71 Ib. per cu. ft. with a standard
de^USnk°f 3'W fc "" cn' ft » was Vecom.
mended that an open channel should be emimed
with barriers to restrict runoff flow to nearzero
velocity to remove sufficient solids to maintain a
*• ""**
1130 - D2, E3
THE OPCCO DRYER.
Agricultural Engineering. Vol 53, No 6, p 16-17,
June. 1972.2 fi«.
Descriptor*: *Recycling, Drying, Fertilizers,
•Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment, Poultry, Feeds.
A solid waste management system, developed and
patented by Harvey Wenger and manufactured by
Organic Pollution Control Corp., has been placed
oa several large poultry farms to turn poultry litter
into fertilizer or into a feed additive for livestock.
Michigan State University's Dr. Howard w~H
end other experts feel that the dryer, used to far
primarily with poultry manure, can successfully
handle all forms of animal wastes phis packing
bouse offal, vegetable and fruit peel and pulp, end
municipal sewage. Requiring an area of about 20-
40 feet, the 40 ton per day unit operates on either
natural or LJ> gas. Plans for developing other
power supplies are being studied. The drying
process is described and a schematic of the flow
path is shown. The process is not inexpensive, but
it does supply a solution to the waste problem.
(Wetherill-East Central)
1131 - Bl, C5
FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED
Feedlot Management, p 34-37. January. 1971.8 fig.
Descriptors: •Peed lota. Performance. Runoff
•Para wastes, Cattle. Confinement pens
Identifiers: Animal density. Open lot, Open shed,
Cold bam, Warm bam.
Preliminary results ere given on the influence of
various housing systems on beef cattle and the ef-
fect of animal dentity on feedlot performance. Ills B**f • Pls- ™1' "71
Indicated that boused confinement should be need
to capacity end maintained year round for max-
imum benefits. Housed confinement tends to con-
trol mneti end high dentity does not seefTE
••-, health or feed efficiency. Advantages
methods being developed are: feeding processed
manure to livestock, burying effluent, spreading
and deodorizing it, and selling it. The animal waste
problem is likely to prove less technical than
economic. (Wetherill-East Central)
1133 - Al, Bl, F2
POLLUTION CRACKDOWN.
The Furrow, p 4. September/October, 1970.
Descriptors: •Feed lots, •Regulation. Waste
J.Richter.
Beef, p 20. July. 1971
Owcriptors: -Feed lots. 'Waste disposal,
As of Jury 1 1971. feedlots with over 1.000 bead
mu»t apply for permits to discharge effluents into
waterways. Smaller units, those that don"
ascnarge from a single point source, or those that
Cattle feeder George Reynolds was one of many
stockmen forced to move farther away from ex-
panding city Units. Many, like James sin.in.
have faced law suits as high as $90.000 from peo-
ple .who moved next door after their feedlots had
been established. Some stockmen are working
with authorities to prevent embarrassing or costly
law suits in the future. Lawsuit tips. Locate
feedlots away from neighbors and streams. Ag en-
gineer E. H. Davit sayt, Try to make friends with
your neighbor, so you understand his problems
and he understand, yours.' (Wetherill-East Cen-
tral)
1134 - D3, E3
FEED 'EM TRASH. COT POLLUTION.
Beef.p 12. July. 1971.
Cellulose. Brush control. •Farm
Feeds*' RecycU"«- Prolefai' *F«ed «*«. Texas,
Tech researchers have devised
H!J?pW| "•a"™- <*"*». «* «ny rebalance
with cellulose and converts it to protein and sugar
^dJEt^J* T1 lor •DiMl '•*•»«
potsibly In the future for human consumotioiL
Of anmard-Bast Central) ^^ wTOumiwon.
1135 - A3, Bl
ENGINEER SAYS REDKR8 CAN HANDLE
MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICM
Descriptors: 'Feed lots, Runoff, •Farm wastes.
Water pollution controli Nebraski: '
problems cu be con-
75% of feedlot
trailed
tog studied. The five types of housing are open lot
open •bed, manure pacTtbed, cold ben endwann'
ben. AH five lyrtenu ere designed to contain in
animal wastes. West Central)
1132 - F4
THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA,
J. Oentner.
The Furrow, p 1-2. September/October. 1970.
Descriptors: •Waste disposal, Waste treatment,
Recycling, •Farm wastei, Livestock.
Disposing of animal waste* cheaply tod without
polhitloB Is fast becoming one of agriculture's
knottiest problems. United States livestock
produce about two button toni of liquid end sottd
wastes per year, enough to fin a square mile 10
feet nigh every day. Complicating the state of
'overproduction Is the development of cheap com-
tnercfal fertiliser. The large differences in
livestock operations make one ultimate solution to
manure handling doubtful, if not impossible. The
characteristics of manure change with the type of
animal, feed, and climate. The requirements for
practical disposal very with the operation's tin.
and amount of land available. Some
1138 - Bl, C5, E2
HOUSED CONFINEMENT - AN ANSWER FOR
FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA,
E. W. Mutbcy.
Feedlot Management, Vol 14, No 2. p 10-16,
February, 1972. 6 photos, 1 fig.
Descriptors: -Feed lots, 'Waste disposal, *Fann
wastes. California, Confinement pens. Cattle.
Identifiers: Cow toilet.
Physical facilities are described and pictured for a;
boused feedlot that takes advantage of northern
California's market and feed supply and over-
comes the problem of the wet season. Construc-
tion tune/cost are cut by new methods of casting
concrete slotted floors in place. The pit beneath
the lot Is scraped continuously by a cable driven
blade and disposed of on 160 acre fields by sprin-
kle irrigation. Rain runoff and overflow of troughs'
ere piped to a pond. (Marquard-Bast Centr»!>
1139 - Bl
HOW WEATHER AFfECTS REDLOT PER-
FORMANCE.
Feedlot Management, Vol 13, No 2. p J8-39.
February, 1971.
Descriptors: *Ifud, *Ram, •Winds, •Peedlots,
Farm wastes. 'Weather effects, Winter, Produc-
tivity.
Identifiers: Shelter.
Studies were made of weather factors associated
with winter es possible causes of reduced feedlot
performance. Tetts were performed under artifr*
dally produced conditions. Mud was the most teti-
owed by the individual. Smell operators cen dairyproduced conditions.^udWrCrnB.^
receive neb tram th> HeM PM»*«
-------
1141 - A4, A9, C3
NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS, TOO,
1. E. Orundman.
Miuouri Runliit, p 24-25, February 27,1965.
Descriptors: Feed tots. 'Water welU, 'Nitrates.
•Fvm wutef, 'Missouri, Water poUution
lourcet.
IdCDlitien: Nitrite cyanosis.
Nitrate contamination of well water in Miitouri
has been recognized in recent ye«n. Although
sampling is incomplete and dat* not totally conclu-
sive, nitrate pollution appears to be closely linked
with proximity to feed lots and livestock wattes,
silo drainage, manure piles, and septic tanks. In-
fant* not yet consuming solid food* are subject to
nitrate cyanosis from the intake of high-nitrate
water ia feedlot areas. A high nitrate content also
accounts for a number of maladies in livestock.
Suggestions for combating nitrate pollution are
given. (Anderson-East Central)
1142 - A6, A9, Bl, C5
WASTE-CAUSED AM POLLUTANTS ARE
MEASURED IN SWINE BUILDINGS.
minois Univ., Urbana. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
D. L. Lebeda, and D. L. Day.
niinoi* Research. plS, Fan, 1965.
Descriptors: Ventilation. •Farm wastes, 'Feed
lots. AjrpoUntion. •Hon.
Identifiers: *Tolerance levels, Ota concentrations.
Threshold level*.
The practice of collecting swine waste under par-
tially or totally slotted floors has created a need to
discover what pollutant* are produced and to
determine the tolerance levels of the twine to
these pollutants. Untreated ponded swine wastes
could hypothetical^ be expected to produce the
same gase* that untreated municipal watte creates
under anaerobic conditions. A study was un-
dertaken to determine the concentration* of am-
monia, hydrogen suKide, carbon dioxide, and air-
borne bacteria, with and without forced ventila-
tion, in swiae buildings with fluid manure. None of
the gas concentrations approached the threshold
levels for human occupancy, and research is now
being planned to determine the tolerance levels of
swine. (Dudley-East Central)
1143 - A5, Bl, C3
A LOVELY NEW SCENT TOR MANURE.
Calf News, Vol 9, No 10. p 4. October. 197:
Detcripton: 'Air pollution, •Sagebrush, 'Farm
wastes, Odor, Water pollution control.
A method of reducing manure odor with a sage
brush feed additive ha* been discovered. This ad-
ditive, which causes continuous production of
volatile oil* in manure and urine, seems to Improve
the health of the cattle with no detectable change
in the taste of the beef. Plans for future research
include spraying of feedlot* with sage out. The oik
can be synthetically produced, but there is an
abundance of natural sage. The product 1s not yet
commercially available. (Fomby-East Central)
1144 - Bl, C5
CONFINEMENT FEEDING - PROS, CONS. AND
TIPS,
DtinoiaUniv., urban*.
D O Jedele
Feedlot M""f-"-"i Vol 13. No 1. p 21-23.
January,1971.
Descriptors: Runoff. Water potation. Air poOn-
tion, Performance, 'Feedlots, •Farm waste*, Il-
linois.'Confinement pens.
Advantages and disadvantages of confinement
feeding are described. Aspects the feeder should
investigate before *««r"'""g construction of con-
finement buildings are discussed. (Fomby-East
Central)
1145 - E3
FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE.
Calf News, Vol 11, No 1. p 28-29, 52, January
1973.
Descriptors: Feed lots, 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling,
•Feeds, Equipment, California, Feeds.
This is a progress report on the Feed Recycling
Company, a company selling equipment that takes
manure from feedlots and converts it into feeds.
The equipment is capable of converting a ton of
manure into sugars, fibers, and 400 pounds of
protein. Initial cost for the unit is $180,000 and
operating costs are five dollars a ton. The end
product is worth thirteen cents a pound, which
could mean returns up to $600,000 a year for
wastes from a feedlot Feeding tests for the feed
are now being run at a California research station.
(Marquard-East Central)
1146 - B3, C5, E3
FEEDLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY
BY ANIMALS.
Oklahoma State Univ.. Stillwater.
Agriculture at OSU, Summer, 1972.1 p.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Sheep, 'Feed lots.
•Proteins.
Identifiers: 'Digestibility.
Feedlot dry wastes from an open feedlot were fed
to sheep. Though the waste* were high in digesti-
ble protein and nutrients, a potential hazard is the
entry of toxic materials into the human food chain
These first tests were limited and need to be re-
peated more thoroughly before any recommenda-
tions will be available. (Lee-East Central)
1147 - Al, Bl, Dl, El, Fl
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE
FEEDLOTS,
Texas A and M Univ.. College Station. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
J. M. Sweeten. W. S. Allen, and D. L. Redded.
Cattle Feeders' Information, Publication No L-
1094. (1973), 4 p.
Descriptors: 'Solid wattes, 'Storage, 'Ultimate
disposal, Groundwater, Pollutants, Aquifers,
•Waste water treatment. Fertilizers. 'Feed lots.
Cattle. Farm wastes.
Information is presented for commercial cattle
feedlots on methods and costs of solid feedlot
waste management; equipment selection
guidelines; and agronomic effect* of applying
feedlot manure to cropland. (Lee-East Central)
1148 - A4, B2, D4
DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF-
•SEALING,
Agricultural Research Service, Riverside Calf.
Sol and Water Conservation Research Div.
S. Davit. W. Fairbank. and H. Wcisheit
Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers. Hot
Springs. Arkansat, June 27-30.1972. Paper no 72-
222,10 p, 2 tab, 1 fig, lOref.
Detcripton: Oroundwaler pollution. Farm wastes,
•InfiHration rates, •Farm lagoons. Sewage pondi,
•Sealing, Cattle. Dairy Industry.
Infiltration rates of contaminated water from
manure ponds are discussed. Infiltration rates of a
dairy waste pond were measured with irrigation.
water before manure water was applied. Infiltra-
tion decreased from 48 inches per day with clean
water to 0.2 inches per day with manure water
after 4 months. (Lee-East Central)
1149 - A2, B2, E2, Fl
MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM
RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF,
Tennessee Univ., KnoxvOle. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
J.I.Sewell..
Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting. Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural, Engineers, Hot
Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30,1972. Paper no. 72-
443,13p.7fig.5ref.
Descriptors: 'Pollution abatement. Runoff,
Groundwater, 'Slurries, Irrigation systems, 'Cat-
tle, Farm wastes, Waste disposal. Management,
Feedlots.
Plans for facilities and system design for a manure
slurry irrigation system are presented. This system
consisting of a storage tank, chopper-agitator-
pump unit, flush pits, irrigation pipe and a large
sprinkle performed durably in testing and offered
possibilities for improved efficiency in manure
management. It created a minimum of poUution
problems. The operational plans and system costs
are outlined. (Fomby-East Central)
1150 - Bl, C5, Dl, Fl, F2
OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HAN-
DUNG SYSTEMS,
Minnesota Univ.. St Paul. Dent of Agricultural
D.W. Bates.
Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot
Spring!, Arkansas. Jmw> n-*).1972. Paper No 72-
413,3 p.
Descriptors: 'Watte disposal. 'Waste storage.
•Farm wattes. Waste treatment, Cattle, Dairy in-
dustry.
Identifiers: Stall barn, Stacking system, Bedding,
Solid alleys. Slatted alleyt, Liquid manure
systems.
Became of the need to reduce labor in handling
manure, the cost of bedding, and regulations deal-
ing with the handling and disposition of animal
manure, old manure disposal methods are being,
replaced by new. Various systems for the daily
' " win depend somewhat on whether the
faimer hat a stall barn or free-stall bam. Slatted or
solid alleys, automatic scrapers, and a new manure
pump which forces manure from a collection point
in the ban through a pipe to an external manure
pit for storage and later removal are discussed.
Storage capacity it an important facet for
dairymen, particularly in the colder regions of the
country. Advantage* of figuring construction costs
prior to building, and disadvantages of 'adding on'
are discussed. (Dudley-East Central)
1151 - A6, A9, Bl
IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILI-
TIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND
TEMPERED AIR INTAKES,
Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
M. Nabben.
Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot
Springs, Arkansas. June 27-30, 1972, Paper No.
72-449,7 p.
Descriptors: 'Ventilation, 'Farm
•Vinuet, Animal diseases. Cattle.
Identifiers: Fogging, Velometer test.
wastes.
332
-------
The high incidence of virus pneumonia in animals
with cough problems in a feeder beef cattle herd
prompted the owner and veterinarian to seek the
cause and solution. They believed that the ventila-
tion system (which is described in detail) was the
main factor causing illness. The air flow patterns
in the building were rearranged; exhaust fans were
installed to remove gases created in the liquid
manure pit; and electric heaters were installed in
every fresh air intake to eliminate fogging. Before
these changes were made, there was a 10% death
loss of cattle and frequent visits were made by the
veterinarian. After the changes were made (during
the 1971-72 winter), there were no deaths nor
veterinarian trips. (Dudley-East Central)
1152 - Bl, D4
PERPORMANCE OP BEEP ANIMALS AS AP-
FECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL BN.
VDtONMENT DURING A PALL-WINTER
PERIOD,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of
Agricultural Engineering.
O. W. A. Mahoney, A. F. Butchbaker, and J. I.
Fryrear.
Paper presented at 63th Annual Meeting, Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot
Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No,
72-426.18 p. J fig, I tab. 6 ref. • "W «w
Descriptors: Production, Cattle, Windbreaks,
'Oxidation lagoons, 'Waste water treatment,
•Farm wastes, Productivity, Feeds.
Identifiers: Crowding, Slotted floors, Weight gain.
Results of feed trials made in fall-winter periods of
1969-1972 are reported. The objectives of these tri-
als were: (1) Compare production snd feed con-
sumption for 3 levels of crowding, (2) Compare
production and feed consumption rates for cattle
on slotted floors with wind breaks and shades with
cattle in open cattle pens. (3) Determine per-
formance of a cattle waste oxidation ditch for fall-
winter operation In the Southwest. Corresponding
results were: (I) Maximum gains and feed efficien-
cy were obtained at approximately 20-22 square
feet per animaL (2) Weight gain of cattle on slotted
floors was not significantly greater than those in
open pens, (3) Cold weather freezing indicated'
that enclosure of oxidation ditches might be neces-
sary for their effective use in the Southwest
(Marquard-East Central)
1153 - Bl, C5
MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OP ENERGY
METABOLISM IN BEEP ANIMALS,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
M. D. Paine, I. A. Witt, A. F. Butchbaker, C. M.
Bacon, and J. E. McCroskey.
Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot
Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No
7Mlu725p,8fig.2tab.2«ref. ^^
Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Mathematical models,
•Energy, Systems analysis, Farm wastes, Cattle,
•Animal metabolism.
Identifiers: Bioenergetics.
A mathematical model is presented that deter-
mines the amount of energy gained and lost in a
feedlot situation by using a systems approach.
Validation of the complete model indicated that
more experience with model parameters will be
necessary. However, the model did show potential
for making valid estimates of animal growth and
feed consumption. Possible applications of the
model are demonstrated and discussed. Figures
and tables Ust feedlot variables considered and
predictions vs. experimental data in determining
the validity of this mathematical model.
(Marqiurd-East Central)
1154 - Bl, CS
WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF
CATTLE IN LOUISIANA,
Louisiana State Univ.. Alexandria. Dean Lee
Agricultural Center.
J. Pontif, W. A. Nipper. A. F. Loyacano, ud H. I.
Bnud.
Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting. Amer-
ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot
Springs, Arkansas, June 27-JO, 1972. Paper No 72-
425,23 p, 6 fig, 7 tab, 6 ref.
Deicripton: 'Feed lots. 'Farm wastes. •Loui-
siana, Windbreaks. •CHnuitei, Cattle, Feedlots.
Identifiers: Shehers, Pans.
The purpose was IP learn what advantage in
feedlot performance of fattening cattle could be
attribute* to winter sbflttr and tunqwr shade and
teas under Louisiana feedlot conditions. Experi-
mental procedures an detailed- Finding* an re-
ported in figures and ubks. It was found that (1)
winter roofs did not improve gain, (2) windbreaks
were detrimental to daily galas became they
prevented drying of wet floors, (3) fans did not in-
crease gains, and (4) summer shades wen most
beocfkii) in promoting gains. (Marqwrd-East
Central) _ • .
1155 - Cl
THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCHIN IN THE
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP,
Cambridge Univ. (England). Dept. of Veterinary
Clinical Studies.
J.F.Hecker.
Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol 80, p 63-69
1973,4 tab, 46 ref. '
Descriptor*: 'Nitrogen. 'Sheep. Enzymes,
Hydrolysis.
Identifiers: 'Soluble mucins, 'T.C.A.-soluble mu-
cin. Rumen liquor. Caecal liquor. Faecal liquor,
Oaitro-intestina) tracts. Fucose, Rhamnose, Hex-
o»e. Methyl pentose. Histology.
Tbc fate of soluble mucins in the gastro-intesunal
tract of sheep was determined. Incubation of a
soluble mucin with liquor from large intestinal
contents resulted in loss of mucin. Some of this
loss was due to soluble enzymes.'The loss of
mucin was less when incubation was with rumen
liquor and varialbe when with ileal liquor. The
mean amounts of nitrogen in a soluble mucin frac-
tion which was soluble in iricbloroacetic acid
(T.C.A.~K>liible mucin) were 2.3,7.3, and 20.0 mg
per 100 ml in rumen, caecal and faecal liquors
respectively. These amounts were only a small
proportion of the total soluble nitrogen in these
fluids. Amounts of T.C-A.-soluble mucin, mea-
sured by sugar content, were greatest in contents
from the small intestine. .When the amounts of
T.C-A.-sotuble mucin were compared with the
amounts of lignin in the samples, there was an in-
crease between the aboniasum and the tint part of
the small intestine and than a decrease to the
caecu. Amounts relative to lignin were low in other
parts of the (astro-intestinal tract. The liquors was
in ileal. liquor. The presence of the methyl pen-
loses, fucose and rhamnose indicates that the
T.C.A.-soiuble mucin is derived from mucus and
bacteria. (East-Central)
11561 - A2, C5, El
KS&S1? ""OSSES AND FERTILIZE* PRESER-
VATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE?
Wisconsin Univ.. Madison. Dept. of Agricultural
engineering.
T. S. Hsu. C. O. Cramer, and J. C, Converse.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
Paper No, 72-442,1972.23p. 8 tab, 11 fig.. IS ref
Descriptors: 'Seepage, ' 'Farm wastes. Cattle,
•Solid wastes, Organic matter, 'Nutrients,
Nitrogen, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Volatility, Degradation (Decomposition),
Dairy, 'Waste disposal, 'Waste storage. Wiscon-
sin, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical ox-
ygen demand.
Identifiers: 'Manure stacking, Bedding, Steam
distillation method.
A model study of manure stacking using a 3x3 fac-
torial design with two replicates was conducted to
determine the effect of type and amount of
bedding on seepage losses, manure degradation
and volumes. Corn stalks and oat straw were util-
ized in the experiment at 3 levels: (1) the control
(no bedding), (2) the addition of 1.5 Ib. of bedding
material per 60 Ib of fresh manure, and (3) the ad
.dition of 3.0 Ib. of bedding material per 60 Ib. of
fresn manure. The following conclusions were
reached: the addition of bedding material to fresh
manure decreases the losses of organic matter,
solids, and nutrients in the seepage from the
manure stacks; corn stalks significantly reduce the
losses of seepage and nitrogen, COD, BOD, and
solids in the seepage while oat straw does not; a
high percentage of organic matter, nutrients and
' solids are preserved in the stacks; and higher
quantities of BODS, COD, solids, and nutrients
were lost in the seepage from the stacks with a
lower level of treatment before the freezing period
and immediately after the spring thaw. Experimen-
tal procedures and results are outlined. (Dudley-
East Central)
1157 — Bl, Dl, El, F2, F4
CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE-
MENT GUIDE,
Canada Committee on Agricultural Engineering.
Canada Animal Waste Management Guide, Cana-
da Animal Waste Management Guide Commit-
tee under the authority of Canada Committee
on Agricultural Engineering. 57 p, 1972. 9 tab.,
4 fig., appendices.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Produc-
tion, 'Design, 'Management, Pollution, Manure
utilization. Nitrogen, Farm lagoons, Aerated
lagoons. Aerobic treatment, anaerobic digestion,
•Waste storage, 'Waste disposal, Dehydration,
Incineration, Zoning. Regulations, Legal aspects.
Equipment, Fertilizers, Canada.
Identifiers: 'Canada legislation. Dead bird dis-
posal, Composting.
Current Canadian practices which provide rea-
sonable approaches to handling animal wastes
were compiled with particular emphasis on
using the land as a recycling system. Detailed
information is given for (1) manure manage-
ment, (2) utilization of manure in crop pro-
duction, (3) site selection, zoning and building
construction of manure handling systems, and
ttl processing of animal wastes. Relevant leg-
islation on animal waste management in each
province and addresses of equipment manu-
facturers are also Included. (Dudley - East
Central).
1158 - A2, B2, E2
T° M°VE 'EM OR CAN
M
Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebr
N.Swanson.
Nebraska Farmer, p 13, 15, February 3, 1973, 1
Descriptors: 'Feed Iota. Runoff, 'Waste storage.
•Waste disposal. 'Water pollution control, '
Identifiers: SCS Rural Environmental Assistance
Program.
By using help from government agencies it is
possible to control runoff from feed lot, which
previously might have had to relocate. A, an ex
ample, the Soil Conservation Service and agncd-
333
-------
tural engineers developed a dike system for a
problem feedlot on the banks of a stream. The dike
prevents runoff and floods and provides weather
protection for the cattle. A basin collects the ru-
noff which is then pumped into a sump and then
the water is disposed of by irrigation. The solids
are spread across the top and slopes of broad-
basin terraces or mounded in the feedlot.
(Marquard-East Central)
1159 - Bl, Dl, El
METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL,
Illinois Univ., Urtoana.
A.J. Muehling.
In: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Special Report 316, p
10-13, December 1970.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Management.
•Waste disposal, 'Hogs, Lagoons. Irrigation,
Waste treatment.
Identifiers: Solid floors with bedding, Slotted
floors.
Due to new anti-pollution laws, swine producers
are compelled to plan ahead before enlarging or
building new facilities for their swine. Guidelines
for planning such facilities are accompanied by
descriptions of the following manure handling
systems: (I) solid floors with bedding - store and
haul, (2) slotted floors - store and haul, (3) slotted
floors - combination of lagoon and hauling, (4)
slotted floors - oxidation ditch-lagoon, (S) flushing
gutter-lagoon-irrigation. (Dudley-East Central)
1160 - A2, C2, C3, C4, C5
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT
SURFACE RUNOFF,
J. C. Ward, E. M. Jex, and T. E. Norton.
Typescript, (1970), 4 p, 1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Surface runoff, Dis-
solved solids. Biochemical oxygen demand. •Cat-
tle, Conductivity, Hydrogen ion concentration,
Water pollution sources.
Identifiers: Volatile solids, Van't Hoff-Arrhenius
relationship, Onsager equation.
This study has two parts: (1) the complete mixing
of cattle manure with distilled water to obtain
characteristics of the manure, and (2) examination
of surface runoff samples from cattle fcedlots in
order to ascertain their characteristics as a func-
tion of several hydrologic variables. In part 1, the
supernatant from samples was examined for con-
ductivity, pH, dissolved solids, volatile solids, and
BOD. In part 2, a simulated rainfall apparatus was
utilized to obtain runoff samples. These samples
were analyzed on the spot and in the laboratory for
ultimate BOD, conductivity, alkalinity, settteable
suspended solids, volatile solids, and dissolved
solids. (Dudley-East Central)
1161 - A9
COMMON MISUNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT
HEATED DISCHARGES,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Southeast Region, Atlanta, Ga.
C. B. Wurtz.
In CLEAN WATER FOR THE NATION'S
ESTUARIES, Transcript of Public Meeting, Biloxi,
Mississippi, January 17,1968, p 4.
Descriptors: •Hydroelectric plants, 'Heated water,
•Ecology, 'Aquatic animals, 'Thermal pollution,
Predation, Pathogenic bacteria. Physiological
ecology. Animal metabolism, Animal parasites.
Water quality. Bacteria, Electric powerplants, En-
gineering structures. Industrial plants. Structures,
Powerplants. Afterbays, Spawning, Wildlife, Dis-
solved oxygen, Fish, Animals, Aquatic life, Food
chains. Water types. Fisheries, Public health,
Microorganisms, Plants.
The author describes five common misunderst-
nadings about the effects of heated discharges on
aquatic life. These misunderstandings relate to the
belief that an increase in water temperature will:
(I) Cause a reduction in the capacity of the water
to retain dissolved oxygen. (2) Cause a deteriora-
tion in the 'quality' of the biological community,
i.e., less desirable species of organisms will replace
more desirable species. This is usually argued a* an
increase of only two or three degrees without any
scale being mentioned. (3) Cause fish to spawn
earlier, and at a time when suitable food organisms
for survival of the young stages will not be present.
(4) Change metabolic rates to the extent that in-
dividual organisms will be living under conditions
of physiological stress, and thus be vulnerable to
adverse conditions they may have otherwise re-
sisted. (5) Cause an increase in the numbers of
predators, parasites, and/or pathogens, and thus
cause significant deterioration of a fisheries
resource or create a public health hazard.
1162 - C3, E2
PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS
AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL,
Arizona Univ., Tuscon. Dept. of Soils, Water and
Engineering.
I. L. Abbott, and T. C. Tucker.
Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol
37, No 1, p 60-63, January-February. 1973.1 fig, 5
tab, II ref.
Descriptors: 'Fertility, 'Waste disposal,
•Phosphorus, Nitrogen, 'Calcareous soils. Cot-
ton, Barley, Alfalfa, Arizona, Cycling nutrients.
Identifiers: 'Plant nutrition. Pollution control.
The contribution of P from manure to Calcareous
soils was studied on a Mohave clay loam. Manure
treatments involved different amounts and
frequency of manure application, and were split
with nitrogen variables of 0, 84, and 168 kg/ha.
Total P content of manures ranged from 3-3 kg per
metric ton during the course of study. The results
indicated that manure is an effective source of P as
illustrated by the increased P content of cotton,
barley, and alfalfa tissue as well as soil analysis.
Manuring at 2 or 3 year intervals at 22 metric
tons/ha assures adequate P availability, while P
availability from phosphate fertilizers may be
negligible over the same period. (Marquard-East
Central)
1163 - D2, D3, E3, F5
ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF
PROTEIN,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Chemical En-
gineering.
A. S. Al-Zakri, and A. L. Frey.
Paper No. 72-581, presented at 1972 Winter Meet-
ing, American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
Chicago. Illinois. December 11-15, 1972, 18 p, 3
tab., 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Activated sludge. Bacteria,
'Proteins, Amino acids, Nitrogen, Iowa. 'Sewage
treatment, Freezethaw tests, 'Extraction, E. coli,
Recycling. 'Waste treatment
Identifiers: Bacillus megaterium, Biuret reaction.
Activated sludge from • municipal sewage treat-
ment plant was extremely high in protein content
A clear solution obtained from settled activated
sludge was frozen and then dried in an oven to
yield a solid containing by weight 16.25% nitrogen.
A purified protein form was derived through a
complicated extracting process. This protein com-
pared favorably with whole cow's milk in animo
acid contents. Extraction methods involved are
expensive, but another technique, treatment for
bacterial breakdown as required with recycling to
anim«i. is promising. (Frantz-East Central)
1164 - A9, E3
SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN. I. SAL-
MONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA,
FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWING ORAL IN-
OCULATION,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
N. A. Cox, B. H. Davis, A. B. Watts, and A. R.
Colour.
Poultry Science, Vol 52, No 2, p 661-666, March,
1973,3 tab, 21 ref.
Descriptors: 'Salmonella, 'Farm wastes,
•Poultry, Bacteria, Diseases, Analysis, Tissues,4
•Contamination, Eggs.
Identifiers: Inoculation, Seftenberg, Thompson,
Typhimurium.
A study was made to determine the fate of Sal-'
moneUa organisms after ingestion by the laying
hen. Three species of Salmonella were used, i.e.,
senftenberg, thompson and typhimurium. Approx-
imately one million cells of each species were in-
troduced into the crop of 12 White Leghorn type
laying hens for 10 days. The trials involving each
species were carried out consecutively with
thorough disinfection of equipment between trials.
From each hen, feces and eggs were analyzed
daily for Salmonella for the 10 day period. At the
end of the 10 day trial a sample of blood was
drawn from each hen for Salmonella analysis. In
addition, the bens were slaughtered and a sample
of the ovaries, kidneys, heart, liver and lungs was
aseptkaDy removed for analysis. Approximately
25% of the fecal samples contained the species of
Salmonella under study. The percentage of posi-
tive recoveries from egg shells was less than 10%
for all three species studied. Among the egg con
tents examined for all three species, only one egg
yielded a positive recovery. All tissue sample!.
were negative. It was concluded that there was DO
contamination of body tissues even after continu-
ous ingestion of large doses of Salmonella organ-
ismi. Neither was there a problem of egg meat
contamination among intact eggs. (East Central)
1165 - A7, A8
FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
FROM FEEDING DURSBAN (0,0-DIETHYL 0-3,
S, 6-TRICHLORO-Z-PYRTOYL
FHOSPHOROTHIOATE) TO LAYING HENS,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Coll of Tropical Agricul-
ture.
M. Sherman, and R. B. Herrick.
Poultry Science. Vol 52, No 2, p 741-747, March,
1973,3 tab. 3 fig, 12 ref.
Descriptors: 'Pesticide toxicity, 'Farm wastes,
•Poultry. Larvae, Feeds. Additives.
Identifiers: Dursban, 'Fry control.
The effects of administering technical Dursban at
concentration of 25,50, and 200 ppm in the feed of
laying hens were studied over • 52 week period.
The estimated mean daily intake of Dursban was
2.48, S.12, and 20.44 mg. per hen for those receiv-
ing 25. 50, and 200 ppm, respectively. Dursban at
50 ppm resulted in excellent control of larvae of
Muse* domestic* L., Fannia pusio (Wiedemann),
Chrysomya megacepbala (F.), and Boettcbcritca
peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) but poly moderate
control of Panuarcophaga argyrottoma
(Robinetu-Desvoidy). No hen mortality occurred
that could be attributed to the insectiddal treat-
ment. There was • direct relationship between
Dursban concentration and blood plasma
cbolinesterase inhibition. However, overall feed
consumption, body weight, egg production, feed
efficiency, egg weight, interior egg quality, and
shell thickness were normal. Eggs from treated
bens bad no detectable off-flavors or off-odors.
(East Central)
334
-------
1166 - Al, E2, F2, F4
HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACME.
E. D. Anderson.
The Farm Quarterly, Vol 27, No 5, p 44-4S Fall
1972. 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal.
Hogs, Cattle, 'Cycling nutrients, 'Fertilizers,
Groundwater pollution, 'Legal aspects, Nitrates,
Productivity, Potassium, Phosphorus, Regulation!
Toxicity.
The laws of many states reflect concern over the
harmful effects of manure on soil and water.
Specific regulations for Kansas, Missouri, and In-
diana are discussed. Concern is also reflected in
university studies. One study was conducted at
Michigan State University to determine a feasible
rate of manure application. Manure applications at
rates of 10, 20, and 30 tons per acre were made an-
nually from 1963 to 1971 to Conover-Hodunk loan
and Metea sandy loam. Soil samples were "taken,
corn yields were recorded, and mineral analyses of
the com were made. The optimum rate for apply-
ing manure to sandy loam was 10 tons per acre.
Higher rates posed the hazard of nitrate con-
tamination of ground water and buildup of availa-
ble nitrogen and potassium. (Dudley-East Central)
1167 - Al, Bl, F3
AGRICULTURAL WASTES-A MANAGEMENT
PROBLEM.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
E. P. Taiganides.
In: Frontiers in Conservation, Proceedings, 24th
Annual Meeting, Soil Conservation Society of
America, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
August 10-13,1969.p90-92, (1969)2 fig.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollution, *Waste
disposal, Subsidy, Chemicals, Confinement pens,
•Municipal wastes, 'Management.
Identifiers: Urban-rural interface.
Our nation's fundamental problems are poverty,
pollution, population, and politics. It is necessary
to have integrated and coordinated management of
resources at the urban-rural interface to prevent
environmental pollution. Although particular at-
tention is given to waste management from animal
confinement units, all production systems create
waste. Regardless of the source-urban or rural- all
of these wastes are either organic or inorganic and
either solid or liquid. The wastes from all rural and
urban areas must be considered as a regional
problem whose solution will need the cooperation
of the agricultural, industrial, urban, and other
political sectors of the nation. A need exists to
demonstrate the benefits of cooperation between
the rural and urban sectors with an integrated re-
gional scheme of using agricultural soils and non-
productive rural land for waste disposal. (Dudley-
East Central)
1168 - A2, A4, AS, E2, F2
CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING
THE TEST,
M L. Elam.
Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 118, No 5, p 311 362
March 10,1973, 3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Irrigation storage ponds, Leaching,
Effluent, Nitrates, Salts, Leakage, Pump,
Recycling, Dairy industry, 'California, 'Waste'
water (Irrigation), Fertilizers, 'Farm wastes.
Three California researchers have supported
waste ponds as safe and legal means by which
dairymen may eliminate waste drainage problems.
It is doubtful if the use of waste ponds norms other
water supplies. They have little odor and insect
production, may be minimized. In a wide variety
of soils tested, seepage and transfer of nitrogen
and salts into soil were not problems. Farm wastes
were easily applied to adjacent cropland The
researchers recommended the use of fifty gallons
of water per cow each day and the partial empty-
"^ '<"" * '* «*•
1169 — Al, E2
CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIV-
ING LARGE MANURE APPLICA-
TIONS.
Texas A & M University, CoUege Station, Texas,
and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, El
Paao, Texas, and Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station, Pecos. Texas, respectively.
D. L. Reddell, P. J. Lyerly, and J. J. Hefner,
Presented at 1972 Winter Meeting, American
Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, nil-
2?.;« December 11-15, 1972, 14 p.. Paper No.
72-960, 7 tab,. 2 fig.. $ ref.
Descriptors: 'Application methods. 'Cultivation,
•Crop yiejd. Nitrates. Forage, Salinity, 'Farm
wastes. Cattle, 'Waste disposal. Texas, Ground
water. Irrigation, Aquifer, 'Fertilizers. Moisture
content. Nutrients.
The objectives were to evaluate the pollution
and crop growth due to deep plowing large
amounts of beef manure. Two problems faced
by feed lot operators have been finding suf-
ficient land on which to use large quantities
of feed lot waste and contending with the ex-
C5??v?. "Unity of such waste. Three locations
with Hoban silly clay loam, and Vinton fine
sandy loam were used and graduated amounts
of waste up to 900 tons per acre were appUed
at depths of 14 to 36 inches. Rates of applica-
tion and nitrate contents of crops yielded are
recorded. Results of the study show peak yield
and nitrate composition of crops to be on those
acres with 25 and 50 tons of farm waste
However. In all locations researchers found
that tores with 900 tons per acre yielded more
than the check plot (0 tons per acre) and that
those most heavily laden plots presented no
major surface water pollution problem. (Frantz -
East Central).
1170 - A4, Bl, C3, E2
POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER
FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES.
CoUege Park- Dept °' A«ricul-
H.L.Brodie. Water Resources Research
Center, University of Maryland, College Park,
Technical Report No, 13. October 1972. 25 p, 1 fig,
6tab,21ref.OWRRA-019-MO(l).
Descriptors: •Groundwater pollution, •Farm
wastes. 'Hogs, •Percolation, 'Flood irrigation,
•Waste disposal. Nitrogen, Chemical oxygen de-
mand, Phosphates, Chlorides, Sutfates, Maryland.
The effectiveness of the soil as a receptor for the
concentrations of nutrients and organics in
periodic high rate flood applications of liquid
swine wastes was investigated. A lysimeter was
used (or collecting soil percolate waters after Hood
application of liquid waste or tap water and after
rainfall in order to test the soil as a high-rate physi-
cal and biological filter for liquid swine wastes.
Samples of the saturated flow were removed at
depths of 25, 50, and 75 centimeters in the profile
and tested for concentrations of chemical oxygen
demand, ammonium nitrogen, chloride, total
phosphate, and sulfate. The concentrations were
compared with the concentrations of the applied
liquid to determine net decrease of concentration
through the toil profile. Results indicated that
flood irrigation can lead to groundwater pollution.
(Marquard-East Central)
1171 - E3
MONFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE
FOR TILE AND PLASTIC.
Calf News, Vol 10, No 8, p 4, August, 1972.
Descriptors: Feed lots. Plastics, 'Tiles, Insulation
•Farm wastes, 'Recycling, Waste disposal'
•Waste treatment, 'Ohio.
Identifiers: 'Pyrolysis, Building materials.
Because future laws may restrict land application
of feedlot manure, one feedlot has decided to use
its wastes in a pyrolysis process to manufacture
tile. While this will be the first commercial field
test, laboratory results show that the product is su-
perior to conventional tile. By using different pro-
portions of manure and ground glass most building
materials or insulation can be made. (Marquard-
East Central)
1172 - D4, E3, F2
OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED
SOURCE.
Beef, Vol 8, No 2, p 24, October, 1971.
Descriptors: Oxidation lagoons, 'Feeds, 'Ef-
fluent, Cattle, Aerobic bacteria, Proteins, 'Waste
treatment, 'Recycling, Iowa.
Effluent from an oxidation ditch was used as a
feed source. A feed acceptance test found that
animals on the effluent ration consumed signifi-
cantly more feed. The United States Department
of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administra-
tion found the carcasses acceptable but warned
that further tests must be run before commercial
operators can use the effluent as a feed source.
One limiting factor has been the protein level:
regular feed rations contain under 20% protein
while this effluent contains 46.8% protein.
(Marquard-East Central)
1173 - AS, Dl
NEW ODOR CONTROL PROJECT.
Calf News, Vol 10, No 7, p 22, July, 1972.
Descriptors: 'Odor, Waste disposal, 'Feed lots.
•Lagoons, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potas-
sium, Ash, Cattle, 'Farm wastes, *Air pollution,
•Waste treatment, 'Oklahoma.
A new product to control odor and reduce manure
volume from feedlots is now being produced by
RAD Limited, Inc., of Yale, Oklahoma. The
product works on dead organic matter only; and in
treated lagoons, no odor gases are produced. On
the feedlots, dry solids are decomposed to
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and ash. Further
tests will determine the proper amounts to be used
to prevent a cracking problem which is now en-
countered in the lagoons. (Marquard-East Central)
1174 -.82, D2, E2, Fl
LIQUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO
ANOTHER.
Feedlot Management. Vol 13, No 6. p 56-57, June,
Descriptors: Aquifer, Cattle, 'Farm wastes. Feed
lots. Fertilizers, Irrigation systems, 'Settling
basins, 'Lagoons, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste
disposal, 'Water pollution control, Nebraska.
In the waste handling system manure solids and
liquids go into a 'debris basin' where solids settle
to the bottom. The liquid passes through a rock-
filled retaining wall, seeps through a median strip
to the 'blackwater basin,' and is pumped back up
hill onto land. It is then channeled through irriga-
tion outlets to surrounding croplands where it
seeps into the ground, gives up its plant food
nutrients, goes to an underground aquifer and
eventually deposits pollution-free water into the
Missouri River. Total cost of the feedlot, including
the MOO per acre cost of the pollution control
system (built with farm labor and equipment most
farmers have available) amounted to $27,000-$27
per animal. (Hisle-East Central)
335
-------
1175 - F2
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL,
Montana State Dept. of Health, Helena. Div. of
Environmental Sanitation.
C. W. Brinck.
in: Montana Agriculture - Focus on Improving the
Environment, (Proceeding!), College of Great
Falls, December 3-4.1970, p 41 -43. (1970).
iiescriptors: 'Water law, 'Regulation, 'Permits,
•Peed lots, Waste disposal, Waste treatment,
Water pollution control, Cattle, 'Montana.
Montana water pollution laws are traced from 1907
through the 1970 regulation attempt to require
feedlot location permits by 1973. Permits are to be
issued on the basis of proximity of the feedlot to
its neighbors, the possibility of odors being carried
toward urban areas, fly problems, prevention of
drainage to streams, the pollution of underground
water and the potential for good feedlot main-
tenance. Permits will be required for all new con-
struction. For existing feedlots, it is proposed that
a permit be required for any feedlot located closer
than one mile to the boundary of an incorporated
city or town within one year after passage of the
regulation. (Hisle-East Central)
1176 - El
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL,
Connecticut Agricultural 'Experiment Station.
New Haven Dept. of Soil and Water.
C.R. Frink.
Compost Science, p 14-15, November-December.
7ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal,
Water pollution. Nitrates, Nutrients, Sewage
treatment, 'Fertilizers, 'Farm practices.
Recent data show that manure applied to field
crops does not improve yields enough to offset the
cost of hauling and spreading. Alternatives are (1)
stop producing manure, (2) hide it on the 'back for-
ty.' or (3) place it in a sewage treatment plant.
These are not acceptable because we need the
food produced by the animals, 'hiding it' may con-
taminate drinking water, and sewage treatment is
too expensive. With alternative methods ex-
hausted, the data must be re-examined for applica-
tion of manure to field crops. Studies indicate that
improved agronomic practices will increase the ef-
ficiency of nitrogen utilization and reduce the total
nitrogen imparted on the farm. It is also suggested
that, when feasible, animal wastes be applied to
forest lands. (Marquard-East Central)
1177 - A2, E2
DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO
.CROPLAND,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Engineering.
H. L. Manges, L. S. Murphy, and E. H. Goering.
Paper No. 72-961, presented at 1972 Winter Meet-
ing, American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
Chicago, Illinois, December 11-15, 1972, 12 p, 5
fig, 1 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal, Cat-
tle, 'Feed lots, Runoff. 'Rates of application, 'Ir-
rigation, Corn (Field), Soil properties, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Salinity.
Identifiers: Greensberg silty clay loam, Plant
population, Forage yields.
A series of field plots were established to deter-
mine the influence of waste loading rates on corn
forage yield and on soil properties. Separate field
plots of Greensberg silty clay loam soil were
established for disposal of runoff and manure. Ru-
noff was applied to the land during the irrigation
season; manure was spread after corn harvest and
plowed under to a depth of 12 inches. Corn was
surface planted on these plots with no pre-irriga-
tion. Herbicides were used to control weeds, and
irrigation water (from a well} supplemented runoff
treatments and provided adequate moisture for the
manure plots. The plants were counted to evaluate
effect* of treatments on population; the forage
was weighed when ready for ensiling; and soil
samples were taken at a depth of 10 feet, with ad-
litional samples at 3 feet in the manure plots, prior
to corn planting, to assess decomposition of the
manure. Conclusions were that corn plant popula-
tion decreases linerily with increasing accumu-
lated feedlot waste loadings; annual application of
10 inches of feedlot runoff gave maximum com
forage yields; and land disposal of feedlot wastes
can lead to saline soil conditions and high nitrate-
nitrogen concentrations in the soil profile. (Hisle-
East Central)
1178 - AS, Bl, C5
ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison.
J. C. Converse.
Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 118, No 13, p 819, July 10,
1973.
U.S. Patent No 3,744,637, 5 p, 2 fig. 7 ref; Official
Gazette of the United States Patent Office, Vol
912, No 2, p 530, July 10.1973.
Descriptors: 'Patents, Equipment, 'Aeration,
Separation techniques, 'Waste water treatment,
Water pollution control, Pollution abatement,
Water quality control, 'Baffles.
Identifiers: Clarification.
A waste treatment tank has a baffle dividing it into
an aeration and a clarification section. Air flow is
introduced into the tank at the bottom of the baffle
in the aeration section and at the top of the baffle
in the clarification section. Aeration section air
flow creates a circulatory mixture flow upward
along the lower wall surface of the baffle. Air in-
troduced into the clarification section skims
sewage solids from that section and forces solids
into the aeration tank section. (Sinha-OEIS)
1179 - A2, B2, D2, E2, FI
THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT BUN-
-OFF,
Beef, Vol 8, No 8, p 6-7, April, 1972.4 tab.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal,
•Feed lots, Settling basins, Lagoons, Irrigation,
Nutrients, Runoff, Diversion structures, Terraces
(Agricultural), Missouri, 'Installation costs,
•Operating costs, Cattle.
A Missouri engineer calculates the cost of a
system to prevent feedlot run-off at 51,000 to
$3,500 plus $300 to $600 yearly operation costs.
His system consists of a diversion terrace to catch
run-off, a settling basin to eliminate most solid
waste in run-off, and a lagoon to hold run-off
water. Irrigation equipment to pump run-off to ad-
jacent farmland is included in the cost. Pumping
rates vary and liquid may be distributed by gated
pipe, hand carried sprinklers, or traveling Big Gun
systems. The lagoon, ranging from 110,000 cubic
feet upward, requires an earthen dam. Costs on all
aspects of the system have been itemized in table:
according to capacity lot sized from 200 to 1,200
head. (Frantz-East Central)
1180 - A2, Bl, CS, Dl, Fl
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources
Center.
D. M. Wells, E. A. Coleman, W. Grub, R. C.
Albin, and G. F. Meenaghan.
Interim Report No. 1 to Texas Water Quality
Board. November. 1969.34 p. 6 fig, 11 tab.
Descriptors: "Cattle, 'Feed lots, 'Farm wastes,
•Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, Runoff,
Precipitation, Water pollution. Irrigation, Percola
lion. Waste storage. Ponds, Management.
Biochemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen, Aerobic
treatment, Anaerobic digestion, Field crops. Ger-
mination, Texas, Cattle,
Identifiers: Flushing.
Alternative feedlot management and waste
disposal systems were evaluated and agronomic
studies were conducted for the economic utiliza-
tion or treatment of feedlot wastes. Both dirt and
concrete-surfaced feedlots were used in a conven-
tional manner. It was tentatively concluded that
'conventional aerobic treatment processes are not
economically feasible solutions to the problem of
treatment and disposal of cattle feedlot runoff
resulting from natural precipitation; that runoff
from feedlots operated in a conventional manner is
not suitable for direct application as irrigation on
most field crops; that anaerobic treatment
processes offer the best hope for treatment of
feedlot runoff; and that storage of feedlot runoff
in unlined ponds and treatment and disposal of
feedlot runoff on agricultural lands may pose a
hazard to groundwater pollution. Recommenda-
tions were that further study be given to the possi-
bility of changing feedlot practices to provide for
daily flushing and treatment by conventional
'means; that the agronomic studies be continued to
determine safe rates of application and safe dilu-
tion factors for selected crops; and that the infil-
tration studies be continued and expanded to in-
clude the analyses of cores taken in the vicinity of
storage ponds and the construction and operation
1181 - A2, C5, D4, E3
SALMON THAT NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
T. L. Meade.
The American Fish Farmer, Vol 4, No 5, p 9-10,
April. 1973,3 fig.
Descriptors: 'Recirculated water, 'Salmon,
Rhode Island.
Identifiers: 'Controlled environment, 'Toxic
wastes, Denitrification column.
A system capable of raising salmon in a controlled
environment was developed. Salmon were cul-
tured in this controlled environment from incuba-
tion of eggs through the grow-out phase. This
facility is outdoors and consists of four insulated
silo-like tanks, 5 feet in diameter and 12 feet high.
These tanks provide two separate culture units,
each consisting of two tanks and associated
biological filters, pumps, refrigeration, heating,
and oxygen units. The system is essentially closed
with continuous reuse of the water until the buil-
dup of nitrate nears an unacceptable level. The
results of these studies have seen incorporated in
the design of a denitrification column which, when
placed in operation, should eliminate the need to
discharge water from the system. (Hisle-East Cen-
tral)
1182 - C4, C5, D2, E3
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR
ANALYZING WET AND DRIED POULTRY
FECES,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Poultry Science.
H. C. Zindel, T. S. Chang, and G. R. Carter.
Journal Article No. 5928, Michigan Agricultural
Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and
Natural Resources, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, 1972,4 p, 2 ref.
Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration,
•Poultry, 'Bacteria, 'Chemical analysis.
Recycling, Incubation, Michigan.
The accurate analysis of feces, both wet and dry,
•for chemical and bacteriological content is impor-
tant since animal feces is a raw product which has
336
-------
great potential if properly gathered, processed and
utilized. When Michigan State University began a
dehydration process several years ago, it obtained
bacteria count and identification as well as chemi-
cal analysis for both wet and dry fecal samples
The bacteria present in the feces after the drying
process were identified and recorded. Some bac-
teria were present after the drying process but
they were not thought to be significant because
most of them were normal flora in the intestinal
tract of chickens and some of them are commonly
known contaminants. Their presence either sug-
gested that the retention time of the feces in the
dryer was not long enough to destroy all bacterial
populations or that they were recontaminated
while leaving the drying unit. (Hisle-East Central)
1183 - Bl, C5, E2, Fl
CONFINEMENT. IN ARIZONA.
CaH News. Vol 11, No 3. p 52-53, 68-69. March.
Descriptors: 'Farm management, 'Farm wastes,
•Confinement pens, 'Feed lots, 'Cattle, Effluent,
Waste disposal, Irrigation system. Fertilizers, Al-
falfa, Arizona.
Arlington Cattle Company decided to expand their
Arizona feedlot operations through confinement
housing in order to make manure management
easier. The following advantages were listed for
confinement housing: (1) more economical, (2)
easier to handle animals, (3) better working condi-
tions, (4) better management of mud, dust, odor,
and flies, (5) a savings in manure handling of about
$13,000 yearly. The manure system for the n«w
facility will be scrapers running lenghwise under
the slotted floor barns. Gravity will take the ef-
fluent to a pumping station which will move it to
cropland where it merges with the flood irrigation
system. Alfalfa will be grown on this property
owned or controlled by Arlington Cattle Company.
(Dudley-East Central)
1184 - Bl. D4( E3
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
G. L. Dugan, R. H. F. Young, and G. Takamiya.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
45, No 4, p 742-750. April. 1973. 1 fig.. 4 Ub.. 22
ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Waste
disposal, 'Waste treatment, Air pollution. Water
pollution, Goundwater pollution. Waste water
treatment, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Nitrogen, Ponds, Drying, Incineration. Recycling,
•Hawaii.
Identifiers: Subtropical environment. Land
spreading, Composting.
The unavailability of land suitable for accepting
animal excrement near large animal raising facili-
ties is a very critical problem in Hawaii. .The
problem is intensified by the pollution potential
caused by the close proximity of land to the ocean.
Various methods of managing animal waste rang-
ing from land spreading to drying and incineration
are discussed. A waste handling system that seems
to be adaptable to a subtropical environment is a
hydraulic recycling system incorporating
photsynthetic reclamation. The process is based
on hydraulic handling of animal excrement; gravi-
ty liquid-solids separation; aerobic biological treat-
ment in which oxygenation can be accomplished
either by the photosynthetic activity of algae or by
mechanical aeration; anaerobic biological treat-
ment; and harvesting algae from the aerobic
phase, which provides the potential for nutrient
recovery in the form of a high-protein animal feed
supplement. (Dudley-East Central)
1185 - Al, Bl, Fl
ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CON-
TROL,
Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C.
J- P. Biniek.
In: Frontiers in Conservation, Proceedings 24th
Annual Meeting. Soil Conservation Society of
America Colorado State University, Fort Collins
August 10-13. J969, p 102-106(1969) 1 tab.. lOref.
Descriptors: 'Pollution, 'Water pollution
•Economics, Herbicides, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Animal wastes, Waste disposal. Livestock
Feed lot*. Runoff. Waste treatment. Percolation,
M&iugcinent.
In broad, general terms many problems in the
economic area of pollution control are discussed
Pollution is defined as 'the unfavorable alteration
of our surroundings, wholly or largely as a by-
product of man's action.' Many means of ridding
ourselves of pollutants often result in furtherttol-
lution. The difficulty of securing a balance
between production needs and the externalities of
economics (the beneficial) and diseconomies (the
harmful) is discussed along with the costs of pollu-
tion control, the economics of agricultural pollu-
economict -
1186 - Dl, El, F2
TBiTnmM.fAND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR
Raymond C. Loehr.
.
-Y- Dept of A«ricul"""
o,l *"'« Conference.
9.2fig.Stab.2l ref.
Descriptors: »Animal wastes, 'Runoff, 'Manage-
ment, •Farm management, 'Aerobic treatment.
•Water pollution, 'Water pollution control,
•Water pollution treatment, 'Solid wastes, 'Legal
aspects. Runoff forecasting. Cattle, Hogs, Poultry.
Farm wastes. * '
Identifiers: 'Manure. 'Agricultural runoff
Anaerobic lagoons.
Several alternatives exist for disposal of animal
wastes: ( I ) land disposal of liquids and solids, (2)
solids combustion with land disposal of liquid, and
(3) discharge of solids and liquids to receiving
waten. All these alternatives are potential sources
of water pollution. The quality of treated and un-
treated animal waste waters, both from a legal
point of view and a fanners point of view, are
discussed. Animal wastes are normally semi-solid.
thus high in BOD. COD, suspended solids, Na,
NH3. If rainfall runoff is allowed to mix with the
animal wastes, a larger volume of waste will need to
be treated. Many states now consider large
livestock operations to be industrial processes and
require treatment of wastes in such a manner that
receiving waters are not harmed by discharge of
animal waste waters. Waste water runoff holding
ponds are commonly used with intermittent
discharge to receiving waten or land disposal.
Several processes are used for treatment of animal
wastes, the more common being anaerobic lagoons,
aerobic lagoons, aerated lagoons, oxidation
ditches, or a combination of anaerobic -aerobic
treatment. In more arid areas, runoff holding ponds
are sometimes satisfactory. Handling and treating
animal wastes as a liquid usually involves less labor.
less expense, and thus is more commonly found in
large livestock operation* where concrete pens are
found and confinement is practiced. Since liquid
wastes require more treatment, handling the animal
wastes directly as a semi-solid with land disposal
might be a more economic method. (Makcla-Tex-
1187 - Bl, D4, E3
Washington State Univ.. Pullman. Coll. of En-
gineering.
Donald £. Proctor.
Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference
23rd, 1968, p 554-566.8 fig.
Descriptors: 'Animal wastes. Management, *Farm
management, 'Dairy industry, 'Algae, 'Cattle
Slurries, Spraying, Activated sludge. Farm wastes. '
Identifiers: 'Manure. Anaerobic lagoon, Aerated
lagoon.
Dairy manure can be either an asset or a liability
depending on the farmer's management policies.
Increased demand for livestock-derived products,
specialization of farm operations, confinement
rearing, cheaper chemical fertilizers, urban sprawl
and farm area encroachment, and higher aesthetic
standards are all facets of the changing problem of
manure disposal. Of these changes, confinement
rearing is most significant. Not only is the manure
concentrated into a smaller area, but rainfall runoff
can treble the waste volume to be handled. Two
Washington State dairy farms received Federal
Demonstration Project Grants, the Knott Dairy
Farm of the Washington State University receiving
a grant from the FWPCA, and the Monroe Honor
Farm of the State of Washington Institutional Farm
Industries receiving a grant from the Public Health
Service. The two-year project at the Knott Dairy
Farm proposed to (1) demonstrate the capabilities
of an anaerobic lagoon for first stage treatment of
dairy manure, (2) demonstrate the comparative
capabilities and economics of activated sludge and
naturally aerated lagoons for second stage treat-
ment and (3) determine whether it is possible and
practical to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus
content of the treated effluent by algae propagation
and harvesting for use as cattle feed. The Monroe
Honor Farm project proposed to (1) demonstrate
the capabilities of an anaerobic lagoon for first
stage treatment of dairy manure. (Makela-Texas)
1188 - A5, Bl, C3
IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE
FEEDLOT ODORS,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept of Chemical
Engineering.
R. M. Bethea, and R. S. Narayan.
Transactions of the ASAE, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, p 1135-1137,1972,2 fig.. 2
tab.. 10 ref. (Order No. T1135).
Descriptors: *Air pollution, "Odor, 'Cattle, 'Feed
lota, 'Farm wastes, 'Gases, Gas cbromatography.
Solubility. Alcohols.
Identifiers: Amines, Aldehydes, Esters, Carbon-
yls.
The qualitative nature of the gases present in the
atmosphere around a beef cattle feedlot was stu-
died. The selective solubility method was adopted
for identification of volatile organic compounds
caused by cow manure. Gas chromatographic
analysis extended the findings of the solubility
tests. A feedlot chamber was set up for a SSO
pound steer in order to obtain information about
compounds present in the atmosphere of enclosed
feedlots. The chamber was managed three ways.
One week it was thoroughly cleaned and washed
each day. The next week it was shoveled out, but
not washed. The third week it was not cleaned at
all. During the first phase, only a few odoriferous
contaminants were generated. When daily
washings were discontinued, indole and skatole
were detected in the chamber atmosphere. The
number of compounds present in this atmosphere
"creased threefold during the last phase. It is in-
terred that chamber management has tremendous
influence on the organic compounds present in the
ere °f " endoiled feedlot
D1SPOSAL OF
337
-------
1189 - B3, C3, E2, Fl
A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE
DISPOSAL,
Miller Feed Lot, Shepherd. Mont.
A. I. Miller.
In: Montana Agriculture - Focus on Improving the
Environment, (Proceedings), College of Great
Falls, December 3-4,1970, p44-46. (1970).
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste disposal,
•Feed lots, •Fertilizers, CatUe, Nitrogen.
Phosphorus, Silage, Missouri, Montana.
January I, 1970, figures are given for the number
and size of the nation's feedlots. The possibility of
using animal wastes as a fertilizer is emphasized.
The Miller Feed Lot analyzed its animal waste to
see if it would be profitable as a fertilizer. Its value
from the nitrogen phosphorus alone was about
$1.00 to $3.00 per ton, so the company decided to
sell the fertilizer to the fanners at not over 50 cents
per ton. In order to do this quickly, a five yard
capacity front-end wheel loader was used to stack
•the feu'lizer in expanded pens and to load it on the
farmers' trucks. (Hisle-East Central)
1190 - C3
NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF
DIETARY CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS. AND
MAGNESIUM IN SHEEP,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Animal
Science.
C. F. Chicco, C. B. Ammerman, J. P. Feaster, and
B.G.Dunivant.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol 34, No 5, a 986-
993. May 1973.1 fig. 6 tab. 28 ref.
Descriptors: 'Calcium, 'Phorphorus, •Magnesi-
um, •Sheep, Metabolism.
Identifiers: 'Nutritional interrelationships,
Plasma. Fecal excretion, Basal diet, Femur
deposition.
Four experiments were conducted with 116
wethers to study dietary interrelationships of cal-
cium, phosphorus and magnesium. Including all
experiments dietary level* varied as follows: calci-
um 0.13 to 0.78%, phosphorus 0.12 to 0.36%, and
magnesium 300 to 7,750 ppm. Treatment effect* on
fecal, urinary, plasma and bone mineral levels
were obsei ved. In two experiments, the utilization
of oral Ca and P wai measured. High dietary calci-
um Increased calcium in plasma (P<.05) and fecei
(P<.10 to P<.01) and decreased magnesium in
bone and plasma (P<.05). High calcium increased
fecal phosphorus (P<.01) and tended to reduce
plasms phosphorus. Excess dietary magneiium
reduced plasma calcium (P<.01), appeared to in-
creased fecal loss of calcium but had no effect on
bone calcium. High magnesium increased the level
of magnesium in urine (P<.01), plasma (P<,05 to
P<.01) and bone (P<.05 to P<.01). High dietary
phosphorus with a Ca:P ratio of 1:3 increased fecal
calcium (P<.OS), but, at a higher level of calcium
with a C»:P ratio of 1:1, phosphorus enhanced cal-
cium retention. Supplemental phosphorus In-
creased plasms phosphorus and reduced plasma
calcium (P<.01). (East Central)
1191 - A5, A8, Bl, D4, E2
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY
PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER,
B.W.Manthey.
Peedlot Management, Vol 13, No 8, p 34-44, Au-
gust, 1971.
Descriptors: •Relocation, •Farm wastes, *Feed
lots, Arizona, Cattle.
Identifiers: Retention pond. Fly parasites. Biologi-
cal fly control, Preconditioning, Feeding out and
finishing.
Ecology and odor complaints from residents living
near the Phoneix stockyards plus the problem of
disposing economically of cattle wastes in an
urban area were only two of the reasons why the
Producers Livestock Marketing Association built
a new feedlot of Maricopa. Another factor was
plentiful nearby farmland which could absorb cat-
tle-produced wastes in the new location at a fair
return. The new feedlot was graded to include an
anti-pollution pond for bacterial and anaerobic
breakdown of animal wastes and for retention of
the effluent on the land. A detailed description of
the construction of the feedlot is given. Both the
feeding put and finishing cattle process, and the
preconditioning of stackers and feeders are
discussed. Gnats (2 or 3 kinds that come from
Africa) are used for biological fly control
(Dudley-East Central)
1192 - A2, Bl, F2, F4
IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS
FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY,
Oklahoma State Univ.. Stillwater. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Economics.
Ron E. Shaffer, and Daniel E. Badger.
Oklahoma Current Farm Economics, March 1970,
Vol43,No I,p 3-11.2 tab, 19ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, •Pollution
abatement, 'Water management (Applied),
'Water Quality Act, 'Environmental effects.
Lagoons, Water pollution effects. Waste disposal.
Cost sharing. Legal aspects. Social aspects. Fertil-
izers, Benefits, Arid lands. Dry seasons. Waste dilu-
tions, Stabilization, Dissolved solids, Oklahoma,
Texas, Return (Monetary), Profit, Water utiliza-
tion. Productivity, Streams, Legislation, Cattle,
Water treatment. Waste treatment.
Identifier!: 'Quality alteration, 'Trade off,"'Feed
lot industry, 'Beef feeding industry, 'Feed Yards
Act.
Agricultural water users historically considered the
amount of wastes and impurities that could be
discharged; recent emphasis is to keep pollutants
from streams. Feedlot operators must integrate and
coordinate the total production process to effi-
ciently use resources for a profitable return. They
must know what legal and social requirements they
have in environmental protection through water
management. Large-scale operation! in Texas and
Oklahoma, with up to 40,000 head capacity,
predominate the beeffeeding industry. The Water
Quality Act and Feed Yards Act require elimina-
tion of interstate water pollution and water-
resource enhancement. Oklahoma requires feed-
lot licensees to provide reasonable waste disposal
and drainage to avoid pollution. Feedlot runoff is
discussed in terms of removing undesirable solids
by stabilization lagoons and dilution. These
methods present special problems In dry seasoni
and in arid lands, waste disposal of manure as fer-
tilize tales Is not economical, but social and legal
benefits of pollution-free rivers are high. Cost shar-
ing waste control projects are outlined. Future
feedlot locations must consider access to waste
dliposal as well as beef markets, Environmental
quality is a dimension new to the industry, which
will be developed when society can tradeoff
between pioduction efficiency and environment, or
develop cost-sharing programs. (Popkln-Arltona)
1193 - A2, C2, C3, C4
cHAjucrnugnci or MDJONO CENTER
«^rUrTLUKNT FROM NEW YORK STATE
Cornell Univ..'wi«ct. N. Y. Dipt, of Food
Waste profile studies of milking center (mOkhouic
and milking parlor) wastes from twenty-four New
York State dairy farms in 20 different countries
were conducted to determine the characteristics
and amounts of waste*. Composite samples were
collected in small plastic swimming pools, and
two-quart portions transported to the laboratory
where biological and chemical analyses were per-
formed. Waste volumes were physically measured
at the farms. Sixty percent of the experimental
sites sampled showed a sewage toad of less than 10
Ib. of BOD per day farm with approximately 4 gal
of waste per cow per day from making center
operation*. The amount* of nitrate* and nitrite*
were no greater than the levels from sewage treat-
ment plant effluents. Alto, there were relatively
small differences in soluble N and P compound*
when compared with animals/farm or with pound*
of BOD produced in milking centers. The principal
solids in the wastes were manure, feed, bedding.
and hood dirt. (Snyder-Battelk)
1194 - A2, F3, F4
"EVIEW 0| NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY
ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS,
Water Pollution Research Lab., Stevenage (En-
gland).
A. L. Downing.
Journal of the Society for Water Treatment and Ex-
amination, Vol 19, Part 3, p 223-238, 1970.
Discussion.
Descriptors: 'Eutrophication, 'Algal control,
Financing, Plant growth, Toxkity, Nutrients,
Water quality, Nitrates, Planning, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Reservoirs, Fisheries, Water supply,
Costs, Water demand, Economic justification,
Aquatic weed control. Riven, Agriculture, Rooted
aquatic plants, Drainage, Runoff, Fertilizers,
Livestock, Economics, Fish kills, Inhibitors, Water
pollution sources, Human diseases.
Identifiers: •Research policy, 'United Kingdom.
•Future trends, Cladophora, Research strategy,
Thames River (England), Lee River (England).
For new water supplies and for greater recreational
exploitation of natural waters in the United King-
dom, appropriate levels of activity and lines of
inquiry are needed. Cost Incurred as a result of
eutrophication will probably not increase to more
than about double the present expenditures by this
century's end. If algal and weed growth were fully
understood, perhaps tome comparatively simple
preventive measure* could be applied for eliminat-
ing these nuisances. A balanced program is
required for basic research and for empirical in-
vestiptions, especially on static waters. Since fac-
tor* Influencing algal growth vary geographically,
examining the Influences of location of water may
show that one method of control may be more ap-
propriate than another. Though it is unlikely
elimination of phosphates from detergents would
materially reduce algal problems, search for trou-
ble-free substitutes should continue. Processes
used in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from ef-
fluents should be examined for suitability of remov-
ing other substance* (carbon adsorption, ozonla-
tion), and ability of effluents to support alga]
growth by unsuspected components is profoundly
Important Growth of weeds in riven and effect of
sewage effluent on Cladophora needs Investigation,
Insuring that present efforts are well coordinated
takes precedence over embarking on many new In-
itiatives. (Jones-Wisconsin)
J<*™j ofMUk Few Technology. VoL 35, No. 1,
P 53-55, 1971 1 fig, 6 tab, J ret
Descriptor*: •Sewage effluents. 'Waste identifi-
cation, 'Dairy industry, •Cattle, Effluents. Farm
wastes. Biochemical
- A2, A3
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER
BODIES,
Agricultural Research Service. Washington, D.C.
William M. Edwards, and Lloyd L, rUrrold.
The Ohio Journal of Science Vol 70, No I , p 50-36,
Jin 1970.
Deicripton: 'Water pollution, 'Farms,
'Livestock, •Phosphorus, 'Nitrates, 'Pesticides.
338
-------
•Soil conservation, Runoff, Erosion, Percolation,
Sediment, Waste.
Identifiers: Lake Erie, Barnyard, Solids, Liquids.
Pollution of Ohio's water bodies is of growing
public concern; industrial, urban, and rural sources
are becoming the subject of critical examination.
Rural sources are soil sediment, plant nutrients,
animal waste, and pesticides. Pesticides and
phosphorus are absorbed rapidly and strongly to
soil particles. Therefore reductions in sediment,
phosphorus, and pesticide pollution are achieved
by soil-erosion-control farming practices. More
acres need to be brought under erosion-control
practices. Nitrates dissolve in water and are carried
by surface flow to streams and lakes, and by per-
colating water to underground aquifers. Increases
in the use of nitrogen fertilizer, in evidence almost
everywhere, could result in serious contamination
of water bodies, if soil enrichment greatly exceeds
the crop demand. Areas where large-scale livestock
and poultry production is concentrated are also
potential sources of serious pollution. In Ohio,
animal-waste pollution problems are being itudied
at The Ohio State University, and movement of
pollutants in surface and subsurface waters on
drainage plot! near Castalia are being studied by
the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
Center and on agricultural watersheds by USDA
Agricultural Research Service at Coshocton, Ohio.
(Hurrold-USDA.ARS)
1196 - A2, Bl, F2
CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH AN-
TI-POLLUTION LAWS,
The Cattleman, Vol. 38, No. 2. p. 43, SI, July 1971.
Descriptor!: 'Legal aspects, 'Pollution abate-
ment, 'Agricultural runoff, 'Return flow, 'Waste
disposal. Cattle, Permit!, Discharge (Water),
Animal wastes (Wildlife), Feedlots, Texas, New
Mexico, Oklahoma, Irrigation water, Pollutants.
Surface waters, Water pollution control, Sediment
discharge. Erosion. Salinity, Fertilizers, Pesti-
cide*, Water quality control, Taxes.
Current federal snU-ppUutlon laws for cattle
feeders are reviewed. The Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) now requires that a permit be
obtained from the Army Corps of Engineer* be-
fore any discharges or deposits can be made into a
navigable stream. The ruling applies to feedlots
with more than 1,000 animal units and all new
feedlots. It applies to at least 306 lots in Texas, 45
In New Mexico and 48 in Oklahoma. It Is estimated
that 10,000 beef cattle on a feedlot produce MO
tons of daily waste, comparable to a 100,000 to
200,000-perton city. Agricultural runoff, irrigation
return flow end confined feeding operations con-
cern the EPA, The greatest quantity of pollutants
In the surface waters of the country la sediment
caused by erosion. Increased salinity concentra-
tion In receiving waters is a problem, especially
when coupled with fertilizers and pesticides.
Management of polluted waters is a growing
research area. Some practices qualify for tax
breaks. (PopUn-Arizona)
1197 - A2, A4, A9, C3
NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL
LAND,
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Jealott'a Hill
(England). Jealott's Hffl Research Station.
TTETTomlinson.
Outlook on Agriculture, Vol 6, No 6, p 272-278,
1971.2 fig. 8 tab 19 ref.
Descriptors: 'Eutropbication, 'Agricultural ru-
noff, Fertflizen, Nitrates, Percolation. Farm
wastes. Drainage water. Feed lots, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium, Rivers, Leaching, Soil
erosion.
Identifiers: Britain.
Considering problems of eutrophication and high
nitrate levels specifically toxic to infants, a review
was made of known nutrient losses from agricul-
tural land and how these relate to fanning, espe-
cially in England. Nutrients are lost from farmland
by drainage water percolating through the soil
leaching soluble plant nutrients, by inefficient
return of livestock excreta to the land, and by ero-
sion of surface soils or movement of fine soil parti-
cles into subsoil drainage systems. Lysimeter stu-
dies indicate that the nature of the cropping greatly
influences loss of nitrate in drainage and confirm
the possibility of large losses from soil reserves in
certain circumstances. Many soils contain large
reserves of nitrogen which can be released as
nitrate over long periods of time, even if the soils
are not cropped or fertilized. Phosphate levels of
drainage water from soils are low, as illustrated by
lyslmeter studies. There is little danger that a large
proportion of potassium fertilizer application win
be lost in drainage. It is concluded that; at the
present time, there do not seem to be grounds for
serious concern about a general nitrate level rise in
English riven. (Jones-Wisconsin)
1198 - A3, C2, C3
CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF
PALOUSE RIVER, IDAHO, RUNOFF
KLOWAGE,
Eastern New Mexico Univ., Portulcs. Dcpt. of
Biological Sciences.
Philip A. Busccmi.
Oikos, Vol 20, No I, p 119-127, 1969. 3 fig, 3 tub,
30 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Groundwuter, 'Scston,
•Sediment*, Organic mutter, Currents (Wutcr),
Wutcr pollution sources, Surface runoff, Rainfall,
Snowmolt, Surface waters, Streams, Hydrogen ion
concentrutlon, Iron, Magnesium, Nitrutes,
Phosphates, Algnc, Detritus, Pulp wastes,
Livestock, Idaho.
Identifiers: Tree bark, Charcoal, Algul growth,
Stream concourse, Pulouse River (Idaho).
Water und sediment wimple* were collected ut four
stations established on Pulouse River, Idaho. Deter-
minations included pH, nitrate, phosphate, iron,
manganese, hardness, suspended detritus (drifting
scston), und organic content of sedimentary
deposits. The results show influence of rainfall,
melt water, stream inflow, and mill pond M (teuton
concentration. Variation in chemical composition
of water indicated the effect of either mult water
runoff or subterranean discharge. The increased
pollution of water and sediment enrichment in or-
ganic matter were correlated with locations of
lumber camps and cattle grazing. (Wilde-Wiscon-
Mn)
1199 - A7, C3, C4
IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETER-
MINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN
MaK, MILK PRODUCTS) CHICKEN MUSCLE,
LIVER; AND EGGS,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick. N.J.
Dent, of Biochemistry and Microbiology.
S. E. Ksti, and C. A. Fatabender.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, Vol 7, No 4, p 229-236, April 1972. 8
tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Antibiotics (Pesticides), 'Analytical
techniques. 'Evaluation, 'Pollutant identification,
•Milk, 'Poultry, Organic pesticides. Methodolo-
gy. Ceatrifugation, Bioassay, Pesticide residues,
Methodology, Foods.
Identifiers: 'Biologies! samples, 'Oxytetra-
cycline, Milk products. Tissues, Muscle, Liver,
Bus. Detection limits, Bloaccuuuletion,
Recovery, Chlortetracyune.
The improved procedures for determining ox-
ytetracycline in milk and dairy products, chicken
muscle tissue and livers, and eggs are evaluated.
The procedures used were based upon those
developed for chlortetracycline in similar materi-
als and are compared to the procedures listed in
the FDA compendium of methods and protocols.
The procedural improvements include pH adjust-
ment, centrifugation, single agar layer, high tem-
perature seeding and spreading of agar, and the
use of a surfactant. A summary of the detection
limits and analytical measurement for the in-
dividual procedures shows that the centrifuge
modification, pH adjustment where applicable,
and the use of surfactant when necessary have sig-
nificantly improved the ability to measure residues
of oxytetracycline in milk, egg>> and chicken tis-
sue. (Holoman-Battelle)
1200 - A3, Cl
PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE
CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING
THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE WATER,
Indiana Univ., Bloomington.
Clyde E. Goulden.
Verhandlungen der International Veremigung
furTheoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, Vol
15, p 1000-1005,1964. 2 fig, 13 rcf.
Descriptors: 'Midges, "Lakes, Eutrophication,
Pollen, Sediments, Climates, Productivity, Sheep,
Hypolimnion, Anaerobic conditions, Daphnia.
Identifiers: 'Esthwaite Water (England),
•Cladocera, 'Ontogeny, Chydoridae, Dapnmidae,
Bosminidac, Sididae, Polyphemidac, Leptodondae,
Deforestation, Chironomus, Sergentia. Tanytarsus,
Ceriodaphnia. >
Changes in total populations throughout Esthwaite
Water's history and successional changes ot
Cladocera and midges associated with eutrophica-
tion are discussed. The Cladocera species were di-
vided into the 'chydorids' and the 'non-chydorids.
mostly planktonic in habit. The Cladocera and
midges suggest that Esthwaite Water was an
oligotrophic lake during most of its development
and only within the last 900 years became
eutrophic under man's influence. Further, they in-
dicate there were four periods of increased produc-
tivity during the lake's development associated
with climatic or cultural changes in the drainage
basin. Greater productivity is expected in these in-
tervals, and the fact that the Cladocera correctly
suggest this implies that they can be of great useful-
ness for determining past productivity in lakes.
Cladoceran remains m lake sediments appear to be
a valuable tool for palcolimnologists. They may be
used to determine periods of climatic and cultural
changes and for deducing past limnological condi-
tions of a particular body of water. By studying the
distribution and abundance of individual species in
'the sediment, we can estimate the ecological
requirements of these species. This in turn will sug-
gest fruitful areas of further research on living
Forms. (Jones-Wisconsin)
1201 - A2, A3, A4, F2
OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT.
Oklahoma Statutes Ann Title 2, sees 9-208,9-210
(Supp 1970).
Descriptors: 'Oklahoma. 'Water pollution.
•Water pollution control, 'Surface drainage. Sur-
•face waters. Surface runoff, Water pollution
sources. Livestock, Pollutants, Water quality con-
trol, Domestic animals, Agriculture, Legal aspects
Legislation. .
Each licensed feed yard operator Is required by this
statute to provide adequate drainage for surface
water.; avoid pollution of any stream, lake, river, or
creek; and provide reasonable methods for the
disposal of animal excrement. (Madsen-FJorida)
339
-------
1202 - A3, A7, F2
OWENS V. UNITED STATES (LIABILITY o*>
UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT AWU™.
TION OF INSECTICIDE. POLLUTING POND
OF ADJACENT LANDOWNER, TO"D
294 F. Supp. 400-405 (S.D.Ala. 1968).
Descriptors: 'Alabama. • Water portion, •In.eoti-
cide,, -Rainfall, Caltle, Ponds, Streams, Federal
government, Administrative agencies, Rain, Legal
aspects. Judicial decisions, Water pollution effects,
Water pollution sources, Pollutanti, Water wellj
Damages, Remedies, Regulation.
Plaintiff cattle rancher sought to recover damages
for injury to his herd from defendant United States
under the Federal Tort Claims Act. Plaintiffs pro-
perty included part of a small pond from which the
cattle watered. The pond was supplied from rainfall
and water drainage. A dry-bed drainage creek
drained into the pond. Federal Department of
Agriculture employees treated the property adjoin-
ing plaintiffs with a chemical insecticide.
Thereafter, a heavy rainfall occurred which washed
thu insecticide into the dry-bed creek, and ulti-
mately to plaintiffs pond. The pond was fenced off
and the cattle were not poisoned. Nevertheless'
plaintiff claimed damages from loss of part of his
pasture, reduced milk production, increased food
cost, and the expense of drilling a well for water
Defendant contended that plain tiff's injury resulted
from the rainfall, an act of God, and that it was not
liable. The Federal District Court however, deter-
mined that under Alabama law an act of Cod would
not render defendant immune where its negligence
was also an acutal cause of plaintiffs injury. Since
4he court concluded that defendant's negligence
hl£?-lli.licl!!!l'c'£e of lhe inJur*' defendant was
held liable. (Hart-Florida)
1203 - A2.-A3, A4, F2
FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR.
North Dakota Century Code Ann sec. 61-01-12
thru 61-01-14 as amended (Supp 1969).
Descriptors: 'North Dakota, "Water pollution
sources, 'Water pollution control, 'Waate
disposal, Water quality. Water quality control
Wastes, Industrial waitei. Refuse. Sewage ef-
fluents. Gasoline, Oil wastes, Farm wastes Cattle
i!h!!rP'i.H<8!> J^*,"? d»P°»l. Streams, Rivers!
Public health, Administrative agencies.
Section 61-01-12 provides that the fouling of
public waters by depositing gas tars or other refuse
from any gas house into streami, rivers or sewers
that empty into public waters is a misdemeanor
Section 61-01-13 provides the fouling of public
waters with dead animals, offal, or other refuse by
depositing same on the banks or in any lake or
stream within the jurisdiction of the state is a
misdemeanor punishable by a fine of from $20 to
$100. Section 61-01-14 provides that section 61-
01-13 shall be construed to include: (I) privies and
privy vaults: (1) any stable, shed. pen. yard, or cpr-
ral where farm animals are located within sixty feet
of the top of any lake or stream; and (3) any
slaughterhouse, graveyard or cemetery within
eighty feet of these waters. However, in an emer-
gency, these provisions do not prevent any mu-
nicipality from dumping untreated sewage into
these waters provided they are not determined
detrimental to public health. (Rees-FIorida)
Wates disposal. Legal aspects. Judicial decisions,
Streams, Hogs, Riparian water. Riparian land,
Riparian rights, Farms, Farm wastes.
Defendant corporation owned a farm one mile
from plaintiffs farm. Defendant, under contract
with a municipality, received the city's garbage and
disposed of it by feeding it to hogs. A stream flowed
through defendant's property, then paased through
plaintiffs land. Plaintiff brought a nuisance action
for damages, alleging that during the operation of
its farm, defendant polluted the stream through
drainage of liquid, filth and refuse. Defendant con-
tended that its acts in the operation of its farm were
authorized by law, inasmuch u it had a contract
with a municipality to dispose of the garbage. The
Ohio Court of Appeals held that plaintiff was liable
for damages, notwithstanding the municipal con-
tract. An upper proprietor of land cannot by artifi-
cial means pollute a stream to the injury of a lower
riparian owner. (Powell-Florida)
1205 - A2, Fl
SUMNER V O'DELL (INJUNCTION TO
PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRINC WATRB
BY CATTLE). WATER
12 Tenn App 496-500 (1930).
Descriptors: 'Tennessee. 'Water pollution
•Streams, 'Reasonable use. Cattle, Domestic
water. Riparian rights, Water quality. Spring
waters, Springs, Legal aspects. Judicial decisions
Water pollution sources, Remedies, Relative rights.
Plaintiff lower riparian landowner sought to enjoin
defendant upper riparian landowner from polluting
the stream bordering their property. Plaintiffs and
defendant's tracts were previously owned by one
person, who conveyed plaintiffs tract first, along
with the right to use the spring water flowing from
defendant's tract. When defendant purchased the
upper tract, he began using the lot through which
the stream flowed as a confinement for cattle The
cattle polluted the water so that it was unfit for
plaintiffs domestic uses. Apparently defendant's
actions were purposeful, and with some malice,
since the evidence presented clearly showed that
defendant could have erected his fences to prevent
pollution of the spring water. .The Tennessee Court
of Appeals held that defendant was utilizing his
property unreasonably with respect to plaintiffs
rights, and enjoined use of the lot as a cow pasture
and path. (Hart-Florida)
1206 - A2, Bl, F2
POLLUTION .OF STREAMS.
Del Code Ann tit In. sees 1301,1302(1953).
Descriptors- 'Delaware, 'Water pollution.
•Streams, 'Water pollution sources Pollution
abatement. Public health. Wastes. Industrial-
wjisles. Water quality. Ciiemcomrol, Sewage Or-
ganic wastes. Lcp.l.ition, Judicial decisions Water
supply. Hogs, Water quality control.
Identifiers: Dye-stuffs. Slaughter houses
1204 - A2, F2
OHIO STOCK FOOD CO V CINTLING
(STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN
HOG PARM).
133 NE 341-345 (Ohio Ct App 1926).
Descriptors: 'Ohio, 'Municipal wastes. 'Garbage
dumps, 'Pollution abatement, Water pollution,
No person shall discharge or allow any dye-stuffs
JruBS, or chemicals which cause the stream id
become noxious to (he health or disagreeable to the
senses to escape into any stream used as * water
supply. In addition to imposing a fine for violation.
the court sh ill also issue an analcmenl order within
20 days after conviction, lhe abatement shall be
enforced by the sheriff. No person shall place a
pnvy, hog-pen or slaughter house so as to pollute
any itrcam with the encrement or offal therefrom.
Violators shall be fined and the court shall order
th.r nuiiance abated immediately. (Helwig.f lu)
1207 - A2. Bl. F2
FAIRES V DUPREE (WATER POLLUTION
FROM ANIMAL WASTES).
197 SW2d 735-738 (Ark 1946).
Descriptors: 'Arkansas, 'Hogs, 'Animal wastes,
'Water pollution, Cold springs. Farm wastes, Im-
paired water quality, Public health. Seepage,
Damages. Legal aspects.
Identifiers: 'Damages (Legal aspects).
Plaintiff brought action for damages resulting from
the operation of a hog ranch in an unsanitary
manner on land situated adjacent to plaintiffs pro-
perty. The court found there was insufficient
evidence to show an ascertainable monetary loss to
plaintiffs spring from defendant's operation of a
hog farm near plaintiff* land in such a manner that
seepage from garbage washed down filling plain-
tiffs spring, polluting the water, and infecting it
with maggots. However, evidence that plaintiff had
periods of vomiting, nausea, and general debility
ET^^-S questi011 for *« J«7 » *> "hether
plaintiff, illness was caused by the imposition of
stench, flies, and filth or whether plaintiff was
overstating the corrupting causes. Therefore case
was reversed and remanded for new trial. (Reed-
1208 - A3, F2
303 Ky 207. 197 SW 2d 25S-26I ( 1946 1.
Descriptors: 'Kentucky, -Domestic wastes
water po.lution. Prescriptive rights. Sewage
*udgc. Se»agc effluents, Liu-«ock wastes
Disposal t-arm wastes.. Decomposing organic
matter. Riparian waters. Dairy industry, Distribu-
tion systems. Nuisance (Waver law). Legal aspects
Judicial decisions, Poultry. -»p«-«s.
Plaintiff brought suit to enjoin defendant from in-
terfering with i a sewer line which belonged to plain-
uiTand another Defendant filed a counterclaim
cnnsohdatcd wuh an action against two others To
enjoin their i from allowing sewage from residences
andoutbuidmgs to run through open ditchesor b"
ned pipes m the bed of small stream near defcn-
-------
following a runoff of rains from defendant'!
premises. The supreme court construed the lower
court's ruling to mean that runoff becomes a harm-
ful substance when it consists of contaminating
bacteria and chemicals in such amounts as to
produce excessive pollution which results in injury.
The fact that a business is lawful does not exempt it
from liability when contaminated or polluted water
escapes onto the land of another in such quantities
as to cause injury. The owner of the cattle being fed
by defendant rancher was held jointly and severally
liable since the bailment contract with defendant
rancher vested essential control over the operation
in the cattle owner-bailor. (Gallagher-Florida)
1210 - A2, A3, Fl, F2
MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES
FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM.
W. R Habecb.
49ALR2d253-3l4.
Descriptors 'Judicial decisions, 'Damages,
•Water pollution. Reasonable use. Value. Market
value, Depreciation. Economic rent. Water utiliza-
tion. Odor. Trees, Crops, Recreation. Boating,
Swimming. Fish, Livestock
Elements to be considered when measuring
damages Tor stream pollution arc examined. Where
permanent cir irreparable damage results, recovery
may he had for the depreciation of market value of
the property However, where the damage can be
remedied at a cost lower than the loss in market
value, the cost of such repair becomes the measure
of damages Where the pollution is temporary or
abateable. the measure is the depreciation in thu
rental or usable value of the properly. Special
damages may also be recovered, as may puni'ive
damages, depending upon the particular circum-
stances. Particular items of damages such as im-
pairment of use and enjoyment of property, nox-
ious odors, discomfort and inconvenience.
sickness, trees, crops, deprivation of use of water.
recreation privileges, fish, death and injury of
livestock, injury to business, expense of repairing
injury, fencing, procuring water, expense of mill
operations, and others are also examined. (S. Scott-
Flal
1211 - Bl, C5
ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC
WATER SUPPLIES,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
L. B. Craine, M. H. Ehlen, and D. K. Nelson.
Agricultural Engineering, Vol 51, p 415-417, July
1970,2 fig, 1 tab.
Descriptors: 'Water supply, Agricultural en-
gineering. 'Cattle, Electric*! grounding, Water
consumption. Electrical networks, Electric cur-
rents.
Identifiers: 'Electrical potential. Voltage.
Electric potentials on domestic water systems af-
fected water consumption and productivity of cat-
tle. The problem of annoying voltage resulted from
a single-phase two-wire multiple-grounded system
with primary distribution and secondary utilization
neutrals solidly bonded together. The problem was
solved by separation of grounded neutrals of the
primary distribution system from the farm secon-
dary system. An electrified fountain system was
built to test effects of controlled water system
voltages on animal water consumption. At current
levels of 19 ma and at a level of 8 volts the cattle
would not drink for an 8 hour period. (Galwardi-
Texas)
1212 - A3, C4, C5
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER
QUALITY OF HIGH-MOUNTAIN
WATERSHEDS: BACTERIOLOGICAL IN-
VESTIGATIONS OF MOUNTAIN STREAMS,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Botany
and Microbiology.
D. G. Stuart, G. K. Bissonnette. T. D. Goodrich
and W.G.Walter. «~™n.
Applied Microbiology, Vol. 22, No. 6, p 1048-1054,
December 1971.6 fig, 2 tab, 13 ref.
Descriptors: -Water quality, 'Watersheds
'Mountains, 'Bacteria, -Water pollution Sources,
•Watershed management, Coliforms, Enteric bac-
teria, Cultures, Sampling, Nutrients, Montana,
Recreation, Animal wastes, Streams, E. coli,
Lumbering, Camping, Water supply, Wildlife!
Chemical analysis, Salmonella, Pathogenic bac-
teria, ShigeUa. Filtration.
Identifiers: Enterobacter BCrogenes. Hyalite
watershed, Mystic watershed, Proteus,
Streptococcus faccium var durans. Streptococcus
faecalis var liquefaciens. Streptococcus bovis.
Bacteriological studies in 1968 and 1969 cor-
roborated earlier findings that a municipal
watershed which had been closed to public entry
since 1917 yielded water with four to six times the
coliform count found in an adjacent mountain
watershed open to recreational activities.
Similarly, chemical investigations showed higher
concentrations of most ions in water from the
closed arta. Physiological differentiation of
Coliform and enterococcal bacteria revealed
similar types of organisms in both animal
droppings and stream, with fecal colifortns ac-
counting for as much as 70 percent of the coliform
counts observed in the closed area in 1969. Open-
ing of the closed drainage for limited recreation
and expanded logging operations in the spring of
1970 coincided with an unexpected decrease in
bacterial contamination of that stream. It is postu-
lated that these human activities drove from the
watershed a large wild animal population which
had contributed substantially to the previous bac-
terial pollution. It would seem that the practice of
closing high-mountain watersheds to public entry
is questionable if governmental standards for
water quality are to be met, and it also seems that
the standards themselves should be reexamined.
(Jefferis-Battelle)
1213 - C4
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING
MICROORGANISMS,
QuincyColl.,Hl.
W. Gasser, and K. M. Gehrt.
BioScience, Vol. 21, No. 20. p 1044-1045, October
15, 1971. 3 tab, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Pathogenic bacteria, 'Enteric bac-
teria, 'Computer programs. Programming lan-
guages, 'Pollutant identification, Microorganisms,
Computer models. Automation, E. coli. Data
processing. Pseudomonas, Salmonella,
Streptococcus.
Identifiers: Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeru-
ginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Serratia, Serratia
marcesens, Salmonella typhosa, Klebsiella, Kleb-
siella pneumoniac, Staphylococcus, Staphylococ-
cus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Diplococcus pneu-
moniac, Streptococcus pyogenes.
A computer program has been developed to identi-
fy microorganisms from test results. Results from
standard microbiological tests (e.g. gram stain, glu-
cose fermentation) are used in the program. Where
many organisms are identified from limited test
results, results from additional chemical tests may
be entered for complete identification. Some of
the advantages of the program are: ability to han-
dle several sets of input data, easy program
modification, and the need for minimal pro-
gramming knowledge. An identification matrix is
included for E. coli, Proteus vulgams, Pseu-
domonas aeniginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Ser-
ratia marccscns, Salmonella typhosa, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, sarcina lu-
tea, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus
pyogenes. (Mackan-Battelle)
1214 - A2; A3, A4, C5, F3
THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE,
Douglas Gowan.
Effluent and Water Treatment journal, p 303-308.
June 1971.2 tab. 10 ref.
Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Farm wastes. Water
pollution. Fertilizers, Farm management,
Livestock, Economics, Copper, Arsenic com-
pounds, Odor, Sewers, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand. Slurries, Chlorides, Ammonia, Nitrogen,
Dairy industry.
Identifiers: United Kingdom, Farm income.
The present United Kingdom laws make it unlawful
to discharge farm drainage into a stream without
consent of river authorities; river authorities also
have power to control pollution of underground
water. Over 131,000 farm discharges to watercour-
ses in the United Kingdom are known, the com-
bined effect posing serious consequences. The
basic need is cheaper methods of dealing with
manure and other wastes from large animal con-
centrations. Cattle wastes have quite different
characteristics from domestic wastes and chemical
residues from feed additives can give rise to serious
difficulties in the effects on biological treatment
processes. To control odor of animal excreta, am-
monium persulphate has proven effective. Farm
wastes disposal onto land and into public sewers
are discussed and population equivalents are con-
sidered. Every farm is different and must be treated
individually for assessing charges for reception and
treatment in the public sewer. Discharges from
dairy farms and from mixed farms are tabulated.
Today local authorities have the means of obtain-
ing relatively accurate information for design of
treatment plants as well as for the assessment of
charges. (Jones-Wisconsin)
1215 - C3
AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS
DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT
IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES,
Agricultural Research Service, Kerryvilte, Tex.
Toxicological Research Lab.
L. M. Hunt, and B. N. Gilbert.
International Journal of Applied Radiation and
Isotopes. Vol 23, No 5. p 246-249, May 1972.1 fig,
2 tab, 8 ref.
Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Tritium, 'Automation.
Chemical analysis, Bioassay, Pollutant identifica-
tion, Suspension, Quenching, Aqueous solutions.
Animal wastes, Solvent extractions, Water pollu-
tion sources, Thiocarbamate pesticides, Sheep.
Identifiers: 'Biological samples, 'Combustion.
Ferbam, Tissue, Recovery, Liquid scintillation.
Sample preparation, Lungs, Pancreas. Bone,
Heart, Brain, Spleen, Muscle, Liver, Kidneys,
Feces, Blood.
In order to find the most feasible method for
analyzing tritium-tagged biological samples, the
more frequently used techniques for noncom-
bustion preparation, digestion, suspension, and
extraction were compared with the automated
combustion method. Sheep tissues were collected
and prepared, and ferbam, a dithiocarbamate fun-
gicidal compound, was used for recovery deter-
minations. With the automated combustion
method, the mean recovery for the first eight tis-
sues at the 25 milligram level was 95 percent com-
pared to 69 percent using digestion. When the sam-
ple sizes were increased, a notable difference in
the comparison was apparent, as the percentage
recovery was 82 percent for combustion and 40
percent by digestion. It appeared that digestion
rather than combustion of the 25 milligram muscle
samples was superior. No corrections were made
for quenching in order to get a true comparison of
the two methods of analysis. The disparity in
341
-------
methodology became marked with sample sizes of
30 and 100 micorliters with combustion maintain-
ing a high efficiency, while digestion significantly
decreased as sample size increased. Combustion
had the advantage of speed (8-10 minutes per sam-
ple) with no clean-up between combustions.
(Byrd-Battelle)
1216 - C3
IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES OF N -
(1. 1-DIMKTHVLPROPYNYL) - 3,5 DICHLOR-
BENZAMINE IN RAT AND COW URINE AND
RAT FECES,
Rohm and Haas Co., Springhouse, Pa., Research
Labs.
Roy Y. Yih, and Colin Swithenbank.
Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, Vol. 19
No. 2. 1971 p 320-324,3 fig., 3 tab., 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Laboratory testa.
Chemical analysis. Metabolism, Radioactivity
techniques, 'Pollutant identification.
Identifiers: 'Metabolic pathways. Chemical struc-
ture. Metabolites.
This is the continuation of studies to determine the
comparative metabolism of N- (1,1 -dimethylpropy-
nyl)-3,5-dichlorobcnzamide in soil, plants, and
animals. Nine metabolites were identified in toil
and alfalfa treated with this compound. This study
concerns the isolation, identification and synthesis
of these metabolites in rat and cow urine and rat
feces. Tentative metabolic pathways and its com-
parative metabolism in soils, plants, and mammals
are postulated. (Christenbury-Iowa State)
1217 - A2, A3, C4
A«;LYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAME.
TERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY,
Journal of the American Water Works Association,
Vol 62, No 2, p 113-120, Feb 1970. g p, 53 ref.
Descriptors: 'Recreation, 'Bioindicators, *Water
quality, 'Bacteria, Aquatic bacteria, Aquatic
microbiology. Aquatic microorganisms, Coliforms,
Salmonella, Streptococcus, Water pollution, Water
pollution sources. Pollutant identification, Path of
pollutants, Animal wastes (Wildlife), Public health,
Standards, Farm wastes, Water zoning. Sediment-
water interfaces, Domestic wastes, Legal aspects
Sewage bacteria, Pathogenic bacteria.
Identifiers: 'Fecal pollution.
Fecal contamination from all warm-blooded
animals is the natural link to pathogenic microor-
ganisms in polluted water. The fecal coliform test
accurately detects and measures such fecal con-
tamination. Use of the fecal coliform test as a mea-
sure of recreational water quality is recommended.
Data and tables are given to show a correlation
between fecal coliform and the probable occu ranee
of Salmonella, an easily detecting pathogen. Court
hearings are cited that establish the legal status of
the fecal coliform test. The water-sediment inter-
face of a stream or lake bottom can serve as a reser-
voir for fecal pollution 'fallout' from overlying
water. The fecal-streptococcus group's diverse sur-
vival rates and specific fecal origins make them
specific indicators for nonhuman, warm-blooded,
animal pollution. Various minimal bacterial densi-
ties are suggested to insure good recreational water
quality. (Cuevas-Florida)
1218 - A2, A3, A4, A9, F4
FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN,
California State Department of Public Health
Berkeley.
Frank M. Stead.
Journal of the American Water Works, Vol. 59 No
12, December 1967, pp. 1497-1501.
Descriptors: Water quality, 'Water pollution.
•Water quality management. Stream conditions.
Standards, Industrial wastes. Public health. Water
pollution sources. Municipal wastes. 'Waste water
disposal. Benefits.
Identifiers: Pathogens, Pesticide pollutions. Total
management. Aquatic system.
Pollution control alone will not preserve water
quality in the U.S. because it is based on a concept
of disposal of wastewaters from municipalities and
industries. In both cases the sewage is no longer
wanted, and most often put back into the rivers.
With half the total annual water replenishment put
to use and converted to wastcwatcr. it is important
to consider how much dilution is necessary to keep
waters up to present standards. There are three
basic choices; (I) discharge the entire waste stream
to the ocean or evaporate it, (2) through treatment
bring the wastcwater up to a sufficient level of
quality so that when it is diluted it meets standards
for all uses, (3) through treatment bring each in-
dividual waste stream up to the standard of quality
for a specific use and put resulting 'reclaimed'
water to that use directly, without returning it to
either surface or ground waters. Current standards
concerning pathogens and pesticides have not been
given enough study to really indicate possible im-
pairment of human health. What is needed is a new
water policy for the U.S. -a policy involving total
management of water resources. The entire aquatic
system must be analyzed and a new system of dis-
tribution in terms of benefits must be devised
(Cargola-Chicago)
1219 - A2, A3, A4, A9, F4
NITRATES IN THE ENVIRONMENT,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing. e
M.Starr Nichols.
Journal American Water Works Association, Vol
57,No 10,p 1319-1327,1965.25 ref.
Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Atmosphere, 'Biosphere,
Fertilization, Nitrogen fixation. Denitrification
Wastes, Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Ammonia, Odor,
Aquatic plants, Groundwater, Toxicity, Waste
treatment.
Identifiers: Nitrogen deposits, Mineralization,
Methemoglobinemia, Livestock poisoning Silage
gas, Odor prevention.
Atmospheric nitrogen, supplying 1600 pounds of
elemental nitrogen per square foot of the world, is
the most important source of nitrogen fertilizer.
Nonsymbiotic and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organ-
isms fix nitrogen in the biosphere from atmospheric
supplies. These organisms include 10 species of
bacteria and 6 strains of blue-green algae. Denitri-
fying organisms cycle nitrogen back to the at-
mosphere. Nitrifying organisms, such as
Nltrobacter, oxidize organic nitrogenous com-
pounds in waste matter to nitrate after ammonifica-
tion occurs. Mineralization of nitrogen in waste
matter is responsible for most nitrogen mineral
deposits found in the world. Slightly alkaline buf-
fered environment and aerobic conditions will
produce nitrates at enormous rates to supply
nutrient needs. Aquatic growths in lakes from over-
fertilization may be nature's method of conserving
nitrogen' fertilizer. Presence of nitrogen com-
pounds can indicate pollution. Nitrate concentra-
tion above 45 ppm might cause
methemoglobinemia. Livestock is susceptible to
nitrate poisoning. Sodium nitrate added to waste
treatment lagoons limits odors and enhances
biochemical oxygen demand reduction. Nitrates
are added to natural water by leaching and runoff
from wastes and poorly managed fertilizing prac-
tices. (Bannerman-Wisconsin)
Journal of the American Water Works Associa-
tion. Vol 54. No 1, p 83-87. January 1962.2 tab? U)
ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources. 'Farm
wastes, 'Pesticides. •Farm lagoons, 'Fertilizers
Chlorinated hydrocarbons. Nitrates, Insecticides
DDT, Sewage lagoons, Waste disposal, Fertiliza-
tion, Farm management. Crop production Lime
Phosphates, Livestock, Hogs, Confinement pens,
Fish.'Feed lots.
Farm practices are changing to grow more crops
on less land, and produce more animals in a
smaller area. More fertilizers and pesticides are
needed to do this with the result that water quality
is affected. Animal wastes will increasingly be a
problem in terms of disposal and treatment Feed
yard waste treatment facilities often lack adequate
design. Pesticides, especially the chlorinated
hydrocarbons, pose increasingly serious problems
for fish life. Traditional treatment methods are not
effective in removing many of these pollutants
from domestic water supply systems. More
research and information is needed on the effects
1221 - C3
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD
PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY
AERATION AND FLAMELESS ATOMIC AB-
SORPTION SPECTHOPHOTOMETRY,
Michigan Dept of Agriculture, Lamina.
V. A. Thorpe.
Journal of the Association of Analytical Chemists
Vol. 54, No. 1 , p 206-210. 1971. 3 fig.
1220 - A3, A4, A7, A9, F4
WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES,
Clemson CoD., B.C. School of Agriculture.
H. J. Webb,
Descriptors: 'Mercury, 'Pollutant identification.
Foods, Fish, Chemical analysis. Acids, Chemical
reactions. Oxidation, Feeds, Milk. Poultry
Reduction (Chemical), Calibrations. 'Aeration
Identifiers: 'Biological samples, Potassium per-
manganate. Stannous chloride, Sulfuric acid Re-
agents, Blood, Urine. Meat. Eggs, 'Atomic ab-
sorption spectrophotometry, Precision, Sample
preparation. Chemical recovery.
A modification of a method developed at the
Fisheries Research Board of Canada has been
used for determining mercury in fish, water, other
food products, and biological fluids such as meat
poultry, eggs, milk, unne, blood, and animal
feeds. Samples were wet digested at SO C with sul-
func acid, oxidized with strong potassium per-
maganate solution, and reduced with Stannous
chloride. Flamekss atomic absorption spec-
trophotometry was used to measure vapor, and to
compare sample results with prepared standards
and standard curves. Replication of analyses on
different days showed good precision, and in test-
ing samples spiked with known amounts of mercu-
ry results showed adequate recovery. (Maclcan-
BatteOe)
1222 - C2, C3, C4
PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR
ANIMAL PROTEINS. 1»71 COLLABORATIVE
STUDY,
Moorman Mfg. Co., Quincy, 111.
A.J.Gehrt.
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, Vol 55, No 4. p 702-706, 1972. 1 tab, 4
ref.
Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Filtration, •Analytical
techniques, 'Protein. Centrifugation. Poultry.
Nitrogen compounds, Organic compounds,
Chemical analysis. Methodology, Quality control.
Identifiers: •Pepsin, 'Interlaboratory tests. Col-
laborative studies, Biological samples, Method
validation. Data interpretation.
Twenty collaborating laboratories evaluated a new
method of filtering residues from a pepsin digesti-
342
-------
bflity test of animal proteins. When the first action
method was modified by more detailed filtering in-
structions, the analysts found increased sensitivity
and reproducibility. Based on the data from the
collaborative studies the method has now been
adopted as official first action for poultry by-
product meal and hydrolyzed feathers and as final
action for other animal proteins. (Mortland-Bat-
telle)
1223 - A2, A7, A9
EFFECT OF DURSBAN IN THE DRINKING
WATER OF CHICKS,
Manitoba Univ., Winnipeg. Dept. of Entomology.
R. A. Bnist, S. Miyazaki, and O. C. Hodgson.
J Econ Entomol. Vol 64, No 5, p 1179-1183.1971.
Illus.
Identifiers: 'Poultry, Blood, •Dunban, Cbolin
esterase, Water pollution effects.
The insecticide Durtban (0,0-diethy 0- (3,5,6-
trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate), was added
to the drinking water of young Leghorn cockerels
at 8 levels ranging from 0.08 to 1280 ppm active in-
gredient. Experiments were begun with chicks 3 or
5 days old and were concluded after 3 and 4 wk.
Mortality at 80 ppm was 20%, and mortality at 320
and 1280 ppm was 100%. No adverse effects were
apparent at lower levels. Solvent and inert in-
gredients of Dursban emulsif iable concentrate had
no adverse effect on the chicks up to 717.7 ppm.
Cholinesterase activity in whole blood was moni-
tored at all treatment levels, and the activity
decreased at 80 ppm Dursban and above. At lower
levels there was no significant difference from the
controls. Weight gain/day diminished with in-
creased levels of Dursban. Starvation of treated
chicks did not affect blood-cholinesterase activi-
ty.--Copyright 1972, Biological Abstracts, Inc.
1224 - A3, A4, Bl, C4, C5
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRA-
TION OF FAECAL BACTERIA IN LAND-
.DRAINAGK WATER,
West of Scotland Agricultural CoB., Auchincnrive
(Scotland). DepL of Microbiology.
M. R. Evans, and I. D. Owens.
Journal of General Microbiology, Vol 71, No 3, p
477-485, August 1972.4 fig, 8 ref.
Descriptors: •Drainage water. •Farm wastes, •En-
vironmental effects, •Subsurface drainage, 'En-
teric bacteria, Subsurface waters, Hogs, Flow
rates. Equations, Water pollution sources, Per-
colation, Soil water movement. Seepage. Pollutant
identification. Biochemical oxygen demand, E.
coli. Filtration. Membranes, Discharge (Water),
Weir gauges, Clay loam, Sands, Surface runoff.
Identifiers: Enterococci, Biochemical testa, Fecal
coliformi.
The rate of discharge and the concentration of fae-
cal bacteria in the water from a subsurface field
drain were monitored by standard techniques ini-
tially for one winter without application of animal
excrement to the pasture, and. subsequently, for
two winters when pig excrement was sprayed over
the pasture. The concentrations of Escherichia
coli and enterococci in the water were affected by
three main factors: the flow rate of the drain
discharge; the number of bacteria in or on the soil
and vegetation; and the application to the land of
large volumes of semiKqviirl animal excrement
over short periods of time. In the absence of ex-
crement application, the concentration of faecal
bacteria in the water was related to the flow rate
and to time by an equation of the form: log bacteri-
al concentration equals a plus b log flow rate
minus c days, where a, b and c are constant*. The
concentrations of bacteria in the water declined
with time, the 90 percent reduction times beingST
days for E. coli and 96 days for enterococci. The
spraying of pig excrement over the pasture
tratkms of faecal bacteria returned to their normal
levels over a period of 2 to 3 days. (Byrd-BatteDe)
1225 - A2, A3, F3
CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAIN-
ING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT,
Agricultural Research Service, BeltsvUle, Md. Soil
and Water Conservation Research Div.
Cecil H. Wadleigh, and Clarence S. Britt.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 24,
No4,p 172-175,0ct I969.4p,4ref.
Descriptors: 'Water resource development,
•Water pollution, •Eutrophication, Government
supports, Soil conservation, Industrial wastes. Mu-
nicipal wastes, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Soil erosion.
Animal wastes, Economics, Nitrogen, Water con-
servation.
Identifiers: •Soil runoff, Livestock.
Some of the problems involved in natural resource
conservation are presented, with particular empha-
sis on the water pollution caused by agricultural ru-
noff and livestock production. It is pointed out that
the economics of the farming and livestock indus-
try are often in conflict with the conservationists'
interests. It is suggested that the Dept of Agricul-
ture adopt a cost-sharing program to encourage
solutions to some of the problems. The article
emphasizes the dangers of eutrophication induced
by animal wastes. The author concludes with a
statement of some of the accomplishments of the
conservation movement in the area of soil and
water resources. (Murphy-Rutgers)
. _ linaW- to 900-fold increase in the concen-
trations of faecal bacteria in the drain discharge
within 2 h of the start of the spraying. The concen-
1226 - A2, A4, C3
PHOSPHORUS AND WATER POLLUTION,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Soils
Lab.
Alan W.Taylor.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, p 228-
231, November-December 1967.4 tab, 26 ref.
Descriptors: *Phosphorus, •Groundwater, *Water
pollution sources, Sewage effluents, Eutrophica-
tion, Irrigation, Water pollution control. Water
chemistry.
Identifiers: Manure, Feedlots, Phosphorus sources,
Agricultural fertilizers.
Phosphorus, an important nutrient in natural water,
will stimulate excess growth at 0.05 ppm. It is
quickly converted to insoluble form in soil and
strong sorbtion by soil particles almost completely
immobilize it. Pollution from groundwater
phosphorus is therefore minimal even though ir-
rigation drainage may cause phosphorus concen-
tration of .08 ppm in groundwater. Eroding topsoils
can contribute phosphorus to natural water. Unlike
spasmodic erosion flow, manure in stockyards and
manure piles supply a steady flow of relatively high
phosphorus concentration in available form.
Phosphorus pollution from feedlots is significant
because concentration of output. Measuring total
phosphorus concentration in a water body does not
indicate phosphorus available for growth, which is
a small fraction of the total. Continuous monitoring
of total and available phosphorus concentrations
are necessary to assess nutrient sources. One pound
of phosphorus dissolved in one acre-foot of water
yields a concentration of 0.03 ppm. Phosphorus
contamination from sewage effluent is significant,
based on a per capita consumption of 2.S Ibs of
phosphorus. (Bannerman-Wisconsin)
1227 - F4
AGRICULTURAL (LIVESTOCK) WASTES
(LITERATURE REVIEW),
Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington,
D.C.
J.R. Miner.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol 42, No 6, p 1171-1179, June 1970.59 ref.
Descriptors: 'Agriculture, "Industrial wastes,
•Waste water treatment, Odors, Cattle, Crops,
Biological treatment, Dairy industry, Poultry.
Identifiers: Manure, Feed lots.
Recent literature concerning agricultural waste
disposal is reviewed. The problems associated with
water pollution control related to cattle feed lot ru-
noff were discussed in relation to the charac-
teristics, handling, treatment, utilization, disposal
and odor problems of livestock manure. A review
of research pertaining to swine waste management
includes discussions of manure properties, applica-
tion to cropland, treatment technology, alterna-
tives for disposal or utilization, and gases and odors
related to manure storage. The production, value,
use, and disposal of poultry manure is also in-
cluded. The value of poultry manure as a fertilizer
for specific crops is discussed. A great deal of study
has been made on the gases and odors evolved from
manure decomposition and a court case is sited in
which an award of $36,000 was made due to water
pollution and odors. Some wastes which are
characterized are from steer, sheep, poultry, and
storm runoff from a variety of cropland. A great
deal of study was done on cattle feed lot wastes and
various methods of treatment. The application of
partly treated livestock wastes to cropland has been
of growing interest. The largest problem occurring
with this type of disposal is the contamination of
the groundwater by nitrogen mostly in the form of
nitrates. A variety of biological treatment processes
were studied including lagoon, aerated lagoons, ex-
tended aeration, anaerobic digestion, and aerobic
digestion. (Hancuff-Texas)
1228 - Bl, Dl, El
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and
Agricultural Engineering.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol
43, No 4, p 668-678,2 fig, 2 tab, 10 ref.
Descriptors: •Farm wastes, •Disposal, •Treatment,
•Systems analysis. Runoff. Pollutant, Nutrients,
Aerobic treatment. Anaerobic digestion. Dentrifi-
cation, Nitrification, Effluents, Legal aspect*.
Waste water treatment, Waste disposal.
Identifiers: Options, Land disposal, Oxidation
ditch, Pollutional characteristics alternatives.
The various systems for treating wastes from en-
closed confined animal production operations are
discussed. There is no one process or waste
management system that will be adequate for all
animal production operations. Aeration systems
such as oxidation ditches are gaining acceptance
for waste handling and treatment. It is unlikely that
current liquid waste treatment systems for treating
concentrated animal waste water will produce ef-
fluents that can be discharged to surface water.
Land disposal is an integral part of feasible animal
waste treatment systems. (Christenbury-Iowa
State)
1229 - C5, D4
ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF
MILKING-PARLOR WASTES,
Kansas Univ.. Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
Raymond C. Loehr, and John A. Ruf.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation.
Vol 40, No I, p 83-94, Jan 1968.5 Tig, 4 tab, 14 ref.
Descriptors: • Anaerobic conditions, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Lagoons, Dairy industry. Animals,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Conforms, Efficien-
cies, Sewage treatment. Sludge, 'Waste water
343
-------
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Field study, Milking
parlor, Waste characteristics.
A field study of an 80-cow milking parlor and its
waste treatment facilities determined that the
average flow and BOOS of the milking parlor waste
were 760 gpd (2870 l/d) and 1030 mg/l. The flow
varied considerably through the day. The first cell
was loaded at 9 Ihs BOD5AI/1000 cuft (144 g
BOD5/d/cu.m). The summer BOD reduction was
85"/f while during the winter it was only TOT, The
BOD5 of the supernatant from the second cell dur-
ing the summer ranged from 50 to 100 mg/l.
Removal of solids from the lagoons during cold
weather adversely influenced the performance of
the lagoons. Solids ussumulatcd in the first cell dur-
ing winter and were degraded during spring.
Coliforf^ reductions in the system exceeded 99CK
(Aguirrc-Tcxas)
1230 - Bl, D4, F4
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS (Litera-
ture Review),
W.C.Boyle.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation
Vol 42, No 6, p 910-916, June 1970. 39 ref.
Descriptors: 'Waste water treatment, 'Lagoons
•Ponds, Oxidation, Biological treatment, Sewage
treatment. Aeration, Temperature, Industrial
wastes, Nutrients, Coliform, Efficiency, Poultry
Tertiary treatment.
A review of the 1969 literature on lagoons and ox-
idation ponds is presented. The review includes
discussion of principles of aerated lagoon design A
pilot plant study to treat box-board white water and
paper-board mill waste waters is outlined. Discus-
sion of several full scale aerated lagoons is
presented and includes the design and cost of treat-
ment. A variety of industrial wastes are treated
through pond and lagoons: Kraft mill wastes, pulp
and paper mill wastes, refinery and chemical
wastes, poultry wastes, hog slaughterhouse wastes
animal wastes, dairy manure wastes and phenolic
wastes. Data are presented on the design, power
requirements, organic loadings, efficiencies, effects
of temperature, aeration requirements, nutrient
requirements, coliform and pathogen removals
and influence of detergents. The use of ponds as
tertiary process is also discussed for a variety of
wastewaters.(Hancuff-Texas)
1231 - A3, F4
ES^I!0?' - ~AND EUTROPHICATION
New York State Dept. of Conservation, Ronkon-
koma.
Jack Foehrenbach.
J Water Pollut Contr Federation, Vol 41 ' No 8
I6ref' P l456"1466' A"8 1969- 11 p. 4 fig, I tab,'
Descriptors: 'Eutrophicatlon, 'Bays, 'Farm
wastes. Poultry, Water pollution sources, Water
pollution effects. Dissolved oxygen, Oxygen de-
mand, Streamflow, Sport fishing. Commercial fish-
ing, Recreation, Ecology, Economics, Fisheries,
Pesticides, Waste water disposal.
Identifiers: 'Great South Bay, Long Island (NY)'.
Great South Bay is located midway between New
York City and Montauk Point. Each year sport
fisheries gross $4,539,000. In addition, 53,400 Ib of
finfish ($12,000) and 4,792.000 Ib of shellfish
($4,250,000) are harvested. Because of poor reciri
culation and small inflow of tidal waters, the creek
flows of 24 million cu ft/day and groundwater flows
of 28 million cu ft/day are helping to increase the
nutrient content of the 92-sq mile bay, much of
which is less than 8 ft deep. Although the bay has a
large assimilative capacity for some forms of pollu-
tion, it is reaching a point where additional loads
will affect adversely its ecology, economic, and
recreational value. (Knapp-USGS)
1232 - C2, C3, C4, F5
WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE
FACILITIES,
Tulane Univ., Covington, La. Delta Regional Pri-
mate Research Center.
E. W. Fritschi,and F. W. Macdonald.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation Vol
43, No 5, May 1971,p 883-889.
Descriptors: 'Laboratory animals, 'Waste water
treatment. Design criteria. Sampling, Analytical
techniques. Evaporation, Biological oxygen de-
mand, Urine, Coliforms, Pathogenic bacteria.
Animal parasites. Disinfection, Chlorination Loui-
siana, 'Treatment facilities.
Identifiers: 'Primates, 'Bacteriological analyses
Feces. ' ' '
Water and waste water balances Were performed
on the Delta Regional Primate Research Center in
Covington, Louisiana. Total input of both food and
water was measured for selected animals and urine
feces, and vomitus of the animals were also col-
lected and analyzed. Average food consumption
was 3.0% of body weight, and an estimated 50* of
the food is wastes. Measurement of the BOD of the
collected waste materials established primate
wastes as being 3 to 6 times higher in BOD than
conventional municipal wastes. No correlation of
total solids with genera, age, weight, or sec of the
animals was discovered. Primate feces were found
to be cruder than human fetes, also and considera-
ble difficulty in finding a suitable feed for the dilu-
tion water. Further study of this phenomenon has
been planned. Monitoring of daily water usage
revealed a fairly constant flow. There was little
daily fluctuation in cage washwater, since the
animal population was fairly constant, and all cages
had to be washed. Bacteriological analysis rdvealed
a wide variety of organisms Including several non-
specific parasites and numerous pathogens. This
discovery necessitated that particular attention be
given to chlorination and disinfection. (Lowry-Tex-
as) '
1233 * A2, A4, C3. E2
LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND,
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden
(England).
G. W. Cooke, and R. J. B. Williams.
Journal of the Society for Water Treatment and Ex-
amination, Vol 19, Part 3, p 253-276, 1970. 7 tab,
34 ref, discussion.
Descriptors: ' Water pollution sources, 'Nitrogen,
•Nitrates, 'Agricultural watersheds, Phosphorus,
Leaching, Soils, Drainage, Lysimeters. Fertilizers,
Rainfall, Model studies, Analytical techniques,
Arable land. Grasslands, Clays, Liquid wastes,
Livestock, Solubility, Phosphates, Subsoil,
Domestic animals. Erosion, Wind erosion,
Suspended load.
Identifiers: 'United Kingdom, Plowing, Nitrogen
losses.
Nitrogen and phosphorus is introduced to water
supplies by leaching of drainage water through
agricultural land, by liquid wastes from stockyards
and surface runoff from saturated or frozen soil, by
movement of fine soil particles down profiles and
entering drainage systems, and by erosion of sur-
face soil by wind and water. Drainage from well-
farmed arable land in England contains, on the
average, 10 mg/l of nitrate-nitrogen. Nitrate lots in
drainage from productive land cannot be prevented
because more nitrogen will be mineralized from
soil reserves and crop residue* by microbial action
than arable crops can absorb at times. Drainage
passing through permeable subsoils to deep water
tobies carries nitrate that persists in the water
Soluble phosphate fertilizers leach down soil
profiles in podzols developed from Bagshot beds
which contain only 1-2% clay in the surface while
insoluble phosphates are better retained in these
topsoils. Phophorus in manure applied in laree
amounts annually for 20 years penetrated the sub-
soil of light land at Woburn, the only example of
soluble phosphates in arable soils reaching
drainage systems. Watercourse contamination may
occur where stock are kept on smalt areas. (Joneii-
wiscortsin)
1234 - A2, Bl, C2, C3, C4
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY
Of,A. POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Zoolo-
DaleW.Toetz. :
Jl,p30-35.1971.4fig™2tab, iTref^ S<
.-Vol
Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons. 'Water pollution
™ Ji f a™ *aste>- Oklahoma, Cyanophyta,
Chlorella Ions, Phytoplankton, Nitrates, Nitrogen
fixation. Algae, Conductivity. Chlorophyll Pi«-
ments, Dispersion, Runoff . r J • "s
Identifiers: •Feedtots, Lemna.
A small pond receiving runoff torn a hog yard was
dominated by « large population of blue-green
dgw and phytoftagellates during summed aid by
Chlorella sp during winter. Heavy rainfalls
I^f8,!: ^""^ fOMentatkm of water and al-
tered the phytoplankton composition. Occasional
concentration of oxygen below 5 mg/1 and hi*h
ammonia content suggested that the pond isluS-
fi8h culture-
1235 - A2, C4
BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLOT RU-
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
T. J. McGhee, R. L. Torrens, and R. J. Smaus.
Water «nd Sewage Works. Vol 119. No 6, June
1972. p 58-61. 7 fig, 1 tab, 20 ref. OWRR A-022-
NEB (2).
Descriptors: 'Analytical techniques, 'Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, 'Pollutant identification,
•Cattle, Organic matter, Chemical oxygen de-
mand, Oxygen demand, 'Feed lots, 'Farm wastes,
Identifiers: 'Cattle feedlot runoff, Ultimate BOO.
During laboratory studies of the aerobic treatment
of feedlot runoff it was observed that significant
reductions in the COD of the waste were not
reflected in a similar reduction in BOD as deter-
mined by the standard 5-day tests. The rate at
which the oxygen demand was exerted, the dura-
tion of the BOD test necessary to actually measure'
the pollution effect of such wastes and the general
applicability of the standard BOD test to feedlot
wastes were investigated. It was concluded that
the standard 3-day BOD determination was not an
adequate measure of the pollution potential of
feedlot runoff as feedlot runoff contained slowly
degradable organic materials which would exert a
significant oxygen demand over periods in excess
of 20 days. The chemical oxygen demand test was
a superior technique although it usually yielded
higher results than the actual ultimate BOD. (Gal-
wardi-Texas)
1236 - A4, C4
MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL
OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT, »»"»"«-
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
James W. Crosby. HI, Donald L. Johnstone, and
Robert L. Fenton.
Water Resources Research, Vol 7, No I, p 204-
344
-------
208. February 1971. 5 p, 5 flg. 11 ref. OWRR Pro-
ject B-005-WASH (3).
Descriptors: 'Path of pollutant*. •Glacial drift,
•Farm wastes, •Confinement pem, Coliformi,
Nitrate*, Nutrientt, Sohitet, Soil water movement,
Groundwater, Washington, Water pollution
tourcei, Chloride*. SoU moisture.
Identifiers: FeedlotsCattle),Outwasb (Glacial).
A teat drilling program wai conducted at a dairy in
the Spokane Valley, Washington, to determine the
effects of feedlot operation on groundwater quali-
ty. Coliform bacteria, enterococci, and fecal
colifomu were found to disappear within a relative-
ly few feet of the ground surface. Chlorides and
nitrates, however, were persistent in depth and may
actually reach the groundwater body. The low
natural moisture content of the soil, coupled with
the apparent high moisture tensions, suggests that
soil moisture is not presently moving downward in
the system. It is concluded that the downward
migration of inorganic chemicals from the feedlot
environment mutt represent an early phase of the
operation, which b arrested as organic mattei are
formed in near-turUce layers. (Knapp-USGS)
Agricultural Engineering.
P. O. Ngoddy, J. 0. Harper, R. K. Collins. O. D.
Wtlls.andF.A.Heidar.
Copy available from OPO Sup Doc EP2.10:13040
DKP 06/71, $1.23; microfiche from NTIS aa PB
211 022, $0.95. Environmental Protection Agency,
Water Pollution Control Research Series, June
1237 - A2, Bl, Cl
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH
HATCHERIES,
Kramer, Chin and Mayo, Seattle, Wain.
Paul B. Liao.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 117. No 12, p 291-
297,1970.6 flg, 3 tab, 15 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, •FUh
hatcheries, 'Salmonlds, Water requirements, Tem-
perature, Nutrients, Algae, Weeds, Taite, Odor,
Pathogenic bacteria, Organic wastes, Solid wastes,
Chemicals. Michigan. California. Tubiflcids.
Colorado, Water pollution control, Washington,
Chemical oxygen demand, Biochemical oxygen de-
mand, Dissolved oxygen, Hydrogen Ion concentra-
tion. Ammonia, Nitrates, Phosphates, Suspended
load. Dissolved solids. Effluents.
Identifier!: Settleable solids. Hatchery effluents,
Parasites, Jordan River (Mich), San Joaquin River
(Calif). Rife Falls (Colo), Fish fecal wastes.
Residual food. Green River (Wash), Cowlltt Trout
Hatchery (Wash).
Water pollution problems associated with salntonid
hatchery operations Include nutritional en-
richment, algae and weed growth, taste, odor, set-
tleable solids, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, or-
ganic matter, chemicals and drugs. Fish fecal
wastes and residual food are moat serious because
they are encountered continuously under normal
operating procedures; after field testing, these
wastes are classified into organic, nutrient and solid
pollutants. The average biochemical oxygen de-
mand (BOD) concentration of hatchery effluents
during pond cleaning Is several times greater than
during normal operation; cloaely related to BOD, is
the dissolved oxygen level. The nutrient pollutants,
nitrate and phosphate, are end-products of decom-
position of fish food. The hatchery effluent tested
may stimulate algal growth and cause algal blooms
under certain conditions. The high percentage of
suspended and settleabla solids indicates that most
solids in the cleaning water will be deposited on the
itream bottom below the hatchery. Proper feeding
would greatly reduce rate of pollutant production.
The pollution potential of hatchery cleaning water
b comparably to domestic sewage when diluted
with infiltration water. Hatchery operating im-
provements should include proper fish loading
techniques, proper feeding procedures, and water
Mipply adjustments. (Jones-Wisconsin)
1238 - Bl, D2, D4, E3
CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT
FOR LIVESTOCK,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of
Descriptor*: •Farm wastes, 'Water reuse,
•Separation techniques, Screens, Suspended
solids, Particle size. Sludge, Odor, Economic
feasibility. Technical feasibility. Performance
Cattle, Hogs, Analytical techniques, 'Waste water
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Waste management.
A vibrating screen separator has been developed
for liquid-solid separation of livestock wastewater.
Pilot tests on swine and b«ef cattle wastewater
have shown that the resistant or slowly
biodegradable solids are effectively removed on
vibrating screens ranging in mesh size from no. 60
to no. 120. Although measurably less efficient than
conventional dewatering devices such as cen-
trifuges and vacuum filters, the gravity dewatering
vibrating screen separation is better suited to the
economic scale of the average livestock operation.
The removal of resistant solids from wastewater
prior to stabilization substantially improves the
performance of biological treatment systems by
enhancing the controlling transport and kinetic
mechanisms in such processes. Screened solids
are odorless, stable, and storable over long periods
without an odor nuisance or pollutional problem.
The liquid fraction can be partially reclaimed by
biodcgndation and recycled as transport water. A
number of candidate livestock waste management
designs integrating the salient features of the study
have been proposed. (Lowry-Texas)
1239 — A4, Bl, D4
DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE
REDUCTION,
Southwestern Irrigation Field Station, Brawley,
California; Soil Conservation Service, Fresno.
California; and U. S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Sacramento, respectively.
L. S. Willardson. B. D. Meek, L. E. Grass,
G. L. Dickey, and J, W. Bailey.
Paper presented at the 1969 Winter Meeting,
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chi-
cago. Illinois, December 9-12, U69, Paper No.
69-734, g p., 2 tab., 2 fig.
Descriptors: •California, 'Drains, 'Installation,
•Nitrates, Permeability, Sumps, 'Irrigation,
Electrical conductance. Leaching, Percolation,
•Groundwater, 'DenltriflcaUon.
Identifiers: "/San Joaquin Valley. Panoche sUty
clay.
Because farmers remove more nitrates from
the soil than they put Into it, denitriflcaUon or
reducing nitrates to nitrogen gas, la sometimes
desirable, A field experiment was Installed in
California's San Joaquin Valley to test submer-
gence of drains as a means of denitrificatlon.
The Panoche silty clay area was Irrigated four
Unus during the months of July and August
Samplei made of the soil showed that the side
of the drain oriented toward the ground water
source had the highest reading of nitrate con-
tent. Thl* indicated that soil denitriflcaUon de-
pends ultimately upon saturation from irriga-
tion as well as sufficient presence of organic
carbon matter and a shortage of oxygen. Along
with soil denltrificatlon. ground water with Ugh
nitrate content was also diluted. (Frantz - East
CentraU.
Proc Rudolfs Res Conf, Rutgers Univ. New Brun-
iwick, NJ. Principles and Application! in Aquatic
Microbiology, Heukelekian, H and Dondero, Nor-
man C (eds), John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York,
pp 202-229.1964. I fig, 2 tab. 52 ref, disc.
Descriptors: 'Bacteria, 'Conforms, •Pollutants,
Sanitary engineering. Water, Foods. Soils, Gases.
Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide, Fermentation, Plants,
Cattle, Grains (Crops), Biochemistry, Microorgan-
ism!. Milk, Acid bacteria. Carbohydrates,
Phyiiochemical properties. Animals, Statistical
methods. Birds, Human diseases. Sheep, Geo-
graphical regions, United States, Inspection,
Spores, Hydrogen sulflde, E coli.
Identifiers: 'Physiology, 'Bacillus coli, Taxonomy,
Health, Aerobacter aerogenes, Feces, Glucose,
Morphology, Bacterium coli. Bacterium aerogenes,
Motility, Coli communis, B lactcs-aerogcnes,
Sucrose, Lactose, Dulcitol, Raffinose. Mannitol,
Methyl, Indole, Tryptophan, Ehrlich reaction.
Vibrio cholera. Pigs, Types. Acetylrnethyl-car-
binol. Citrate, Uric acid, Cellobiose, Liquefaction,
Eijkman test.
Although the methodologies for distinguishing
between the coliform strains of fecal and non-fecal
origin are adequate for pollution, the perfect test
has not been developed. The gas ratio
(Hydrogen:Carbon dioxide) differential test
seemed to solve the problem of differentiating the
coliform bacteria of fecal origin from those of plant
or soil origin but was unadaptable as a routine
method. As laboratory procedure, the methyl red
test was recommended as of equal value. Since cer-
tain assumptions were not valid, its use as a
reference procedure was rejected. The property of
producing indole from tryptophan has been exten-
sively applied. The indole reaction by coliform bac-
teria from feces of warm-blooded animals is
generally positive in excess of 90 percent, although
approximately one-fifth of the coliform bactena
from unpolluted soils can also produce indole. The
Voges-Proskauer test, traditionally used as a tax-
onomic characteristic, is useful in separating fecal
from non-fecal coliform group when the data are
interpreted statistically. The citrate utilization
reaction is useful, on a statistical basis, for separat-
ing fecal and non-fecal types. The tests, methyl red,
indole, Voges-Proskauer, citrate, none entirely
satisfactory individually, combined (1MVIC test),
yielded the best classification. The elevated tem-
perature test was superior to other procedures in
simplicity. (Jones-Wise)
1240 - C4
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM
GROUP,
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. Div. of Water Supply and Pollution
Control.
Harold F. Clark, and Paul W. Kabler.
1241 - C3, C4
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA,
Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Md.
Animal Husbandry Research Div.
J. Gutierrez, and R. E. Davis.
Proc Rudolfs Res Conf, Rutgers Univ, New Brun-
swick, NJ. Principles and Applications in Aquatic
Microbiology, Heukelekian, H and Dondero, Nor-
man C (eds), John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp 394-
404, 1964.2fig, 1 tab, 17ref,disc.
Descriptors: 'Ruminants, 'Protozoa, 'Bacteria,
Cattle, Reproduction, Metabolism, Amino acids,
Tracers, Proteins, Chromatography, Fermentation,
Digestion, Lipids, Manometers, Streptococcus, Al-
Identifiers: 'Rumen, 'Physiology, Casein,
Isotrichs, Holotrichs, Paramecium, Isotricha
prostoma, Isotricha intestinalis, Dasytricha,
Diplodinium ecaudatum, E modi ni urn simplex,
Ophryoscolex caudatus, Starch, Epidinium ecau-
datum, Diplococcus, Peptostreptococcus.
Some functions carried out by rumen protozoa are:
producing fatty acids which are absorbed yielding
energy to the host; aiding digestion of ingested-sub-
strates-starch, cellulose, and bacteria; serving as a
source of protein for the host. Tracer experiments
showed they are able to incorporate ammo acids.
As a source of protein, the protozoa furnished 20%
345
-------
of the ho« requirement. Protozoan protein wu
found to have a higher nutritive value than bacteri-
al or yeast protein. Protein contributed to the host
was calculated for several protozoa with the cellu-
lar nitrogen content experiments. Paper chro-
matography of acid-hydrolyzed suspensions has in-
dicated a long list of amino acids contained in the
protozoa! protein, available to the host. The quan-
titative experiment* on ammonia production from
casein show that, for some rumen protozoa, am-
monia can be an important product of nitrogen
metabolism. They contribute to lipid metabolism of
the rumen. All the common genera of protozoa are
bacteria feeders. Protozoan requirements for
growth were studied by in vitro culture work. Of
the several media developed, ground rice starch, al-
falfa, and Streptococcus bovis, made a successful
medium. Attempts to grow the protozoa without
living bacteria have been unsuccessful.
(Jones- Wise)
1242 - A9, C4, E'2, E3, F5
stunest period c>t time. Under such conJiuonj. ii j$
not possible for these animals to drop their wastes
on pasture* where the wastes can be absorbed by
iwture without adversely affecting the environ.
mem. Animal waste* have been shown to be a
major source of surface water pollution. This paper
mentions cases of pollution that have been c«u**d
by animal wastes and animal production open-
rwn». It Jiscuue* the trend toward confine™™;
feeding operations and the magnitude of the
problem in the future, tt also demonstrates ih*
peed to consider animal wastes when developing or
protecting water resources. (Scncca-Rutgers)
1244 - A9, C4. F5
rone ' V" En«meerin«-
Symp on Mimic Sewage Effluent for Frrig, July 30
' P 75-'°4'
Descriptors: 'Water reuse, 'Pathogenic bacteria
•Viruses, 'Oroundwater movement, Municipal
wastes, Irrigation water, Artificial recharge, FUfra
lion. Sorption Infiltration, Percolatfon Soil
' contart"'»«°<>. Soil physical
Identifiers: Municipal waste recharge.
RELATED
Colorado UnlvTD^nver. Dept. of Microbiology.
Stuart O.Dunlop.
Symp on Munic Sewage Effluent for Irrig, July 30,
o«'LouWwwPoJytechInst,Ruiton,pp 107-121,
1968. lap, 1 tab,62ref.
Descriptors: 'Hazards, 'Irrigation water.
•Rectoimed water, 'Municipal wastes, Pathogenic
bacteria, Viruses, Parasitism, Waste treatment. En-
vironmental sanitation.
Identifiers: Waste water irrigation.
The hazard* to health caused by irrigation with
reclaimed municipal waste water are surveyed. No
disease outbreaks have been traced to irrigation
with properly treated and disinfected sewage, but
many epidemics have been caused by irrigation
with improperly treated wastes. The same stan-
da™« we recommended for effluents as tor any
other irrigation water. Survival times of pathogenic
organisms in water are discussed and tabulated. (K-
1245 - A2, Bl
Okla.
..
S. Kcrr Water Researcn Center. Ada.
The movement of pathogenic organisms through
soils recharged with contaminated water is
discussed. Pathogens have a wide variety of physi-
cal and biological characteristics, including wide
ranges of size, shape, surface properties, and die-
away rates. The processes of filtration by soil in-
clude straining at the soil surface, straining at inter-
grain contacts, sedimentation, and sorption by toil
particles. Straining of pathogens at the soil surface
and sorption of viruses near the soil surface is
iffi^itt^eyssz y^^^siifffSSSR
^^^s^^^^SA sfflWtf^*9-''^^
irrigation with treated sewage. Wide experience in
irrigation with treated sewage indicates that it is
safe provided that at least primary treatment is
used, and provided that the crops are not con-
sumed directly by humans. Secondary treatment
and chlorjnadon is recommended for aesthetic
reason*. (Knapp-USOS)
W. R. Duffer, R. D. Krels, and C. C. Harlin. Jr.
Water Pollution Control
Research Series. Environmental Protection
De*criptor*: Reservoirs, 'FUhkffl. ,
•Dissolved oxygen, Runoff. 'Feedlot*, Organic
wastes. Nutrients. PhytopUnkton. Light penetra-
tion, Zooplankton, Bethoa, 'Ftnn wastes. Water
pollution sources, Cattle,
Identifiers: Solids concentrations,
1243 - A2, F4
THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON
WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES,
Kanssi Univ., Lawrence, Kan*.
Raymond C. Loehr.
Proceedings of the Third Annual American Water
Resources Conference. 1967. pp 314*324. 11 p, 2
fig, 2ub,2aref.
Descriptors: 'Animal wastes. Wastes. Water pollu-
tion sources, Cattle. Fuhkill, Waste disposal. Kan-
sas, Runoff, Nitrogen, Drainage. Diseases. Water
pollution effect*.
Identifiers: Animal production trends. Animal con-
finement trends. Organic pollution. Inorganic pol-
lution.
Until recently animal wastes have been considered
ai part of the natural'pollution of a region Animal
production is dunging (i&m imill farm operations
into large scale industrial enterprises. There to an
.increasing trend to confine animals within small
areas to produce the greatest weight gain in the
Effecta of rainfall runoff from a beef cattle feedlot
on the water quality of a small impoundment were
determined. Change* in chemical concentration of
impounded water and change* in the community
•tructure of aquatic organisms were measured and
related to the amount and composition of feedlot
runoff received. Water quality changes were also
monitored in a nearby reservoir which received no
feedlot ninoff to serve a* a control. Rainf aD from
feedlot* was retained in collection pond* and
pumped into the impoundment over a relatively
abort period of time, creating in effect a 'alug'
discharge conditon. Change* fa chemical concen-
tration or population structure of organism* were
not apparent for discharge* of about one-part
feedlot runoff to 40 parts receiving water. Runoff
dlKharBe* for two pumpiiig i>*ricpuiation level*
decreased for organism* having negative
tolerance* for low dissolved oxygen andhlgTiam-
monia concentration*. The moat dramatic reduc-
tion in the biological community was the suffoca-
tion of about 90% of the game fiah in the impound-
ment Reduction in population levels of 'stressed'
organism* was followed by increased productivity
of phototropca in response to higher nutrient con-
centration*. (Dariaod-Iowa State)
1246 - Al, Bl, F2
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Missouri River Basin Animal Waste Management,
Kansas City, Mo. Pilot (Steering) Task Group.
Environmental Protection Agency, June 1971. 45
P. 2 fig.
Descriptor*: 'Water pollution control. Confine-
ment pen*, Cattle, Pollutants, Non-structural al-
ternatives. Path of pollutants. Water law, Legiala-
tton. Regulation, Farm wastes, Livestock,
Management, Financing, Missouri River, River
Beau*.
Identifiers: Technical assistance.
Bade information on the problem of beef cattle
feedlot waste management and the pollution aris-
ing from these operations 1* presented in a non-
technical manner. The factor* that cause feedlot*
to pollute and the magnitude pollutants may reach
are discussed along with some management fac-
tor* and structural and mechanical mean* to hem
control water pollution. Source* of technical and
financial assistance in design and layout of control
facilities and the water poDutfon control aaendei
2*1*5* "" *Ul,louri Ww *••« «ates are listed.
Existing animal waste control regulation* are alto
fumishedfor these ten state*. (EPA abstract)
1247 - Al, F2. PS
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES.
Oregon Administrative Rules Compilation, ch 340,
tecs 43-003 thru 43-023 (1970).
Descriptors: 'Oregon, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste
diipoial, 'Pollution abatement, Water pollution,
Ultimate disposal. Regulation, Administrative
agencies. Liquid wastes, Organic wastes, Solid
wastes, Pollutants, Waste water diiposal. Legisla-
tion, Legal aspect*. Farm wastes, Confinement
pens. Hogs, Cattle, Canneries, Industrial plants,
Poods. Poultry, Livestock.
Unless'the Depsrtment of Environmental Quality
provides an exemption, all fruit and vegetable
processing plants shsll provide efficient facilities to
remove all suspended and Hosting materials from
the wastes resulting from canning and freeiint
processing. All solids retained by a standard twenty
mesh screen shall be removed from liquid wastes by
screening or other approved method and disposed
of in a non-polluting manner. Wastes from
slaughterhouses and meat packing plants shall be
disposed of in a manner that will prevent direct or
indirect entry into public waters. All blood shall be
collected and disposed of separately from other
wastes. Minure snd hoc stomach contents shall be
collected separately and used as fertilizer, land-fill,
or In some other approved manner. All fleshings
grease particles, hair and other solid materials shall
be collected by dry cleaning of floors and by
screening of wastes. Adequate grease recovery
basins shall be installed. Slmiliar provisions govern
the disposal Of wastes In poultry killing and packing
plants. To prevent water pollution from solid
wastes, hog feeding yards and holding pens shall be
constructed so that they can and will be dry
cleaned before being washed down. (Oallaiher-
Florida)
1248 -, A2, A4, F4
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS KE-
__ QUALITY, REPORT
346
-------
Texts Water Quality Bo»rd, Austin.
D.Pittman. and P. Harris.
Texas Water Quility Board. Auilin. 1970, 30 p, 5
lib. lOref.
Descriptors: 'Tex.*, 'W.ter quality, 'Live«tock.
»F*rm wastes. 'W**te trettment, 'Poultry,
Waites. Solid wistes, Cattk. Hog*, Sheep. Waste
disposal, Farm management.
Trends are diteussed in animal populations in Tex-
ai management technique* employed by animal
producers, and ch»r*cteristic* of animal waite*
and treatment method* used. In addition, typical
and/or economical animal producing unit* in
Texai are deicribed, with an explanation of cur-
rent oractices used to control water pollution
caused by animal waitei. A number of conclu.ion*
ire made from the material preiented. The num-
beri of beef cattle, sheep and poultry in Tew* are
increiting. There ii a trend to confine animate and
feed them for more efficient production. Charac-
teristics of animal waste* are variable making It
difficult to determine the pollution*! effect* of the
waitei and to recommend adequate treatment.
Biological and chemical change* often occur in
waite. from confined feeding area*. Conventional
domeitic waite treatment *y*temi are a* yet not
feaiibly adaptable to animal wattes. Current
animal waite management for controlling runoff
from confined feeding area* include the uie of
divenion terrace*, ditche* and retention ponds
with irrigation facilitiei for dewatering the pond*.
(Poertner)
1249 - Bl F2
AGRICULTURAL* AND RELATED WASTES
Reasons'No. 28-18-1 thru 28-18-4. Kama* De-
partment of Health. EnvlronmenuU Health Ser-
view, Topeka. Kaniaa, May, 1967.4 p.
Descriptor.: *Wa*te dtopoeal, •Kansas. 'Domestic
animate, 'Water pollution control, Water pollu-
Son. State government!, State jurisdiction, Ad-
mlntetratlon. Regulation. Admlntotratlve agenciei,
Leaal aspect., Permit*. Standard*, Water pollution
»uree*."reann.nt facllltle*. Public healthVCattle.
Sheep, Farm wa«te«, Farm*.
The operator of any newly proposed or editing
confined feeding operation mutt register with the
department of health. All application form* .hall
contain information regarding general feature* of
wpography, drainage course, and Identification of
ultimate primary receiving «ream». If a conftaed
feeding operation commute* a water pollution
hazard the operator mutt provide water pollution
control facilities which shall be constructed in ac-
cordance with plan* and specifications approved by
the department. Such water pollution control facili-
tie* ihall not be placed in use until a permit ha*
been issued by the board of health. If a water pollu-
tion control facility's permit te revoked, the owner
or operator of the confined feeding operation in-
volved shall be allowed to finish feeding extetlng
animal*, but may not place any more animate In the
reeding area until the minimal requirement* are
ISei The regulation eitabUahe* the mlntaum
requirement* for water pollution contrcJ facilitiei
used for the conftaed feeding of cattle, wine.
•hera and other animal*. All such faculties mutt be
oeerated and maintained to at to prevent water
SZtlon and protect the public health and the
leneflclal uie* of the Mate's waters. (Horwitt-
Florlda)
1250 - A2, A3, A4, AS, C3
DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER
WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND
CORRALS IN THE MIDDLE SOUTH PLATTE
VALLEY OF COLORADO,
Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo.
Northern Plain* Branch; and Colorado Agricultural
Experiment Station, Fort Collins.
B. A. Stewart, f. G. Viets, Jr.,G. L. Hutchinson,
W.D.Kcmpcr.andF. E.Clark.
U S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, ARS 41-134. December 1967,
206 p. 31 fig. 25 tab, Href.
Descriptors: 'Nitrate*. 'Ammonia, 'Water pollu-
tion sources, 'Cores, Fields, Plants. Alfalfa, Cereal
crops. Irrigated land, Colorado, Groundwater, Per-
colation.
Identifier*: Native grassc*, Fcedlots, Corrals, South
Plattc Valley (Colo).
Cores representing nonirrigated fields in native
grill, cultivated nonirrigutcd field*, irrigated field*
in alfalfa, irrigated fields in crops other than alfalfa,
and corrali were obtained from northeastern
Colorado during 1966. Cultivated nonirrigated
fields usually contained small accumulations of
nitrate below the root zone. Native gran* ficjd*, or-
dinarily, did not show nitrate accumulation in core
profile!. Significant quantities of nitrate were found
in most core* from irrigated field* with row cropi
or cereal grains. Alternately, core* from irrigated
alfalfa fields generally contained Significant
amounts of nitrate. Amounts of nitrogen as nitrate
found under corral* were extremely varied, ranging
from almost none to more than 5000 pounds/acre
in a 20-foot profile. Evidence disclosed that
dcnitrification was occurring under fcedloti, even
at several feet below the surface, consequently,
much of nitrate under fecdloti will probably never
reach the water table. Water samples beneath
several corrals contained large amounts of organic
carbon and ammonia and possessed offensive odor.
Bacterial counts under corrali were considerably
higher than under other areas, especially at lower
depth*. These finding* indicate tome pollution of
groundwater by deep percolation it occurring from
corral., but more studle. are required before sig-
University, Fort Collins, p 94-102, 1970. 9 p, 8 fig,
6 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Ground-
water, 'Surface waters. 'Nitrogen compounds, Il-
linois, Hydrologk cyele, Fertilizers, Industrial
waste*, Decomposing organic matter. Organic
wastes, Domeitic waites. Livestock, Precipitation
(Atmospheric). Water quality. Chemical analysis,
Soils, Soil water. Seepage, Sorption, Crops,
Nitrate*.
Nitrogen level* in surface waters that exceed
established standards are evidence of mans intru-
sion in the environment and the cause of deteriora-
tion in water quality. Thirty-nine million tons of
chemical fertilizer* were applied in the United
State* in 1967, of which approximately 6 million
ton* was nitrogen. In Illinois about 23% of all water
sample* from well* SO feet deep or less have been
found to contain an excesiive concentrition of
nitrate, that ii, above the 43 milligram* per liter
level. The sources of nitrogen in Illinois lurface and
lubiurface waters are varied and often difficult to
identify. Known source! of pollution include
precaution, human waites, crop reiiduei, decom-
poilng animal or plant tissue, induitrial watte*, and
nitrogen fertilizer. At the present time there is no
known practical and economical way of r«°«™«
these excess nitrates. Membrane technique* and
bio"glc«l method, both have potential for or. vent-
Ing pollution of water by nutrient., uU*. and
mineral*, whether the source Ii fertilizer, Irrigation
water, tewage, or induitrial waite*.
(Woodard-USGS)
1253 - Bl, C2, C3, C4, D4
WATtR QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED
HOC WASTE TREATMENT,
wiiBm, UUL imiiB »IUUIWB •!« IVUUIIVM w*Mt«* ••(- ™unsaH i*n .» • o^lln
±BB±3saa-—-- gHSafHwaTn-affi
ref/OWRR Project A-OI1-KAN.
1251 - A2, A6, C5
AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES.
Agricultural Research (USDA). Vol. 19, No. 2. p
8-9, August 1970.
Descriptor*: 'Ammonia, 'Eutrophtcation,
•Nitrogen, Algae, Water pollution lources.
Colorado, Cattle, Urine, Path of pollutant*, Farm
wait**.
Identifiers: Feedlots.
Ammonia traps and rain gages wer* Installed at flv*
iltes and In two control areai In Colorado to deter-
mine the rate at which ammonia te adsorbed
directly from the air by water lurfaces under dif-
ferent conditions of temperature and climate at
various distances and direction* from cattle
feedlot*. In one northeast Colorado lake a tittle
over a mile from a large feedlot, the surface ad-
sorbed about 30 pound* of nitrogen as ammonia
per acre per year, This amount is sufficient to
eutrophy a lake averaging 20 feet In depth to two or
three times the concentration needed for algal
blooms. Indications are that even small feedlott
may release enough ammonia to have an effect on
nearby water lurface and that airborne ammonia
from feedloti may contribute more nitrogen than
runoff and deep percolation from the same source*.
(Mortland-Battelle)
1252 - A2, A4, A9, C3, F4
NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER,
Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana.
Julius H. Dawes.Thurston E. Larson.and Robert
H.Harmeson.
In: Frontier* In Conservation, Proceedlngi 24th
Annual Meeting Soil Conservation Society of
America, August 10-13, 1969, Colorado State
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste
•Aerobic treatment. »Hogs. Farm lagooi
basin*. Soil di.poial field*. Sewage treatment.
Disposal, Environmental engineering, aiuage
disposal, Waste storage.
Identifier!: Hoj farm wa»u*.
Treatment methods for the waites of confined hogs
arc examined. Confined-animal wastes ate a major
pollution problem. There are about 55 million no;*
in the U.l. and their watte* »re largely «n««J"«'l
When they occupy a large ana, foraging for rood,
thii it no problem, but under confinement the
problem is similar to that of municipal waste
disposal. A facility contiating of an aerobic biotagi-
cal treatment system for 10,000 hogs wa* studied.
An important consideration was odor control
because of a nearby metropolitan area. Recycled
effluent was used for raw-waste input dilution, and
paddle-wheel aerators were selected for high ox-
vgen transfer efficiency and low operating cost.
Each building had an aeration ditch under iu
slotted floor for aerobic processing, and final
•Jispuial was by a 2-stage infiltration pond system
and field spreading of solid*. Measurements w«i*
made of DO, BOD, COD. pH, suspended solid*. N.
and truce metals. Chemical analysis results and cc*i
data are tabulated. Operation expense is about 1-2
cents per hog per day. Stream pollution is
prevented or greatly reduced and odors arc no
problem. (Ktwpp-USGS)
1254 - C4
ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES.
Academic Frets, Inc.. New York, N.Y. 1971. D.A.
Shapton and R. G. Board, editors. 257 p.
347
-------
Descriptors: 'Isolation, 'Cultures, Soil bacteria
ProUwsa, Fungi, Photo-synthetic bacteia, Sulfur
i.cteria, Nitrogen fixing bacteria. Soil microor-
ganisms, Clostndium, Enteric bacteria, Bioassay
Animal wastes. Poultry, Ruminants, Sediments'
Foods, Soils.
Identifiers: •Enumration, Enrichment, Cellu-
lolytic bacteria, Lipolytic bacteria, Bac-
teriodaceae, Biological samples, Bacteroides
fragflis, Sphaerophorus, Fusiformis, Zymomonas
anaerobia, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes
Microaerophflic vibrio, Anaerobes, Culture
media, Feces, Tissue, Entodinium caudatum, En-
todinium simplex, Epidinium ecaudatum cau-
datum, Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Actino-
myces, Leptotrichia, Veillonella.
Methods are presented for culturing, isolating, and
enumerating anaerobic microorganisms including
Uostndia; enteric bacteria; anaerobic bacteria of
man, ruminants, poultry, and horses;
photosynthetic bacteria; nitrogen-fixing bacteria;
sulfur bacteria; protozoa; and fungi. The methods
are used for isolating the bacteria from animal tis
sue. food, feces, soU, intestines, bovine rumen
and the human mouth. (Holoman-BatteUe)
1255 - A2. A9, Bl, E4
DISEASES OF FEEDLOT CATTLE,
R. Jensen, and D. R. Mackcy
. Pa- 1!"1- 2nd Edi-
JSf •tjon> _ Water pollution, 'Waste
Nutrients, Farm wastes, 'Monitoring.
Radioacv* f "cer solutions, Sdntil-
nnlfn™ratOIX eJtPerin»e'" «""> carried out using
SomK to n^'lT"* and "dioactive tricw
solutions to monitor movement of phosphorus
e " colum'P««d with a*
-
ever, soils have a finite capacity for adsorb-
ng phosphate, and continuous flushing af in
J££aiUOIl may Cai*e tte P^sphate to move
quickly to great depths, thus affecting ground
water. Therefore, the design of
must be considered inTder to
* d!?eaie'- CatUe-
, Water pollution sources.
1257 - A2, Bl, Cl, D2, El
OWaboina Agricultural Experiment Station, StiD-
A.F.Butchbaker.J.E.Oarton.G.W A,
Mahoney. and M.D. Paine. >">W-A-
Environmental Protection Agency,
Water Pollution Control Research Series
gy, 'Pathogenic bacteria, 'Wildlife, 'Livestock
Salmonella, Potable water.
Identifiers: Arizona group pathoginic organisms.
An investigation of the presence of enteric disease
producing bacteria in a high quality mountain
stream in Colorado yielded 11 isolants of members
of the genus Salmonella and 51 isolants of organ-
isms belonging to the Arizona group. An improved
method for the recovery of these organisms from
high quahty water was developed and used success-
fully. The presence of these potentially pathogenic
bacteria, which appeared to be the result of con-
tamination by wild or domestic animals, may be a
potential hazard to public health.
1259 - B2, D4
l^-SSSffiSRS? P°NDS "»
California Univ., Davis; and Kansas State Univ
Manhattan. ''
Samuel A. Hart, and Marvin E. Turnet
Advance in Water Quality Improvement, (Editors
Gloyna. E. F., and Eckenfelder, W W Jr)
A6u3stmja|«as. Univ of Texas Press, 1968, p 457.
. ^reatment- 'Stabilization,
si j 'r.-Desigr crltena. 'Anaerobic digestion
Sludge, PHPMJ. Odors, Mosquitoes. Insea con-'
trol. Subsurface waters. Inflation, Biochemical
Emphasmng the diseases of feedlot cattle this
and other resniratorv
Unfa* fa'dUu«8UCAnerrS loMes to <&*>** '»'-
tening industry. All chapters are revised for this
ediuon. with up-to-date' „*onnaUo™ added ^n
fceatmentt, including the use of thiamine
hydrochlonde for poBoencephalomalacia. New
preventive measures are discussed, such as the
vaccine for the protection against shipping fever.
The economic importance of each disease is given
and the problems of feedlot pollution of waterTsoil
and air are considered fully. New chapters cover
such important topics as preconditioning, adapting
cattle to the change in diet from roughage to co!£
ccntrate, bluetongue, necrotic posthitis and high
mountain disease. A subject index is included^
Copyright 1972. Biological Abstracts, Inc.
1256 — A4, C3, E2
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOS-
PHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Depart-
ment of Agricultural Engineering.
P. Goodrich.
PH D Thesis. Purdue University, Department
of Agricultural.Engineering. 1970, 135 P., 3 tab,.
Descriptors: 'Phosphates. Soil contamination,
•Saturated soils, Isotherms. Sands, Diffusion,
•Adsorption, Clay, 'Soil Columns. Radlolsotopes,
Denltriflcation, Waste water (pollution). Elec-
tromagnetic waves. Instrumentation, Effluents,
Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Feedlou, *Manaae-
ment, 'Agricultural runoff, intimate disposal
Cost analysis. Water pollution control. Cattle!
Operation and maintenance. Separation
techniques, Oxidation lagoons. Transportation
•Waste water treatment, 'Waste treatment
Identifiers: *Feedlot waste •"•"-t-mcnt alterna-
tives.
Alternative beef waste management systems were
examined to determine minimum cost systems for
effective watte disposal. Design and cost infforma-
tion was obtained from feedlot visits and the litera-
ture. A computer program was developed for use
with a Conversational Programming System (CPS)
for calculating the sizes of equipment and facilities
and for estimating the facility and machinery
operating and investment cost*. For open feedlots
two waste management systems, solid and runoff-
— — — — •- «• ••••••• •/ BM*u*»f owuu •uu rUuuII-
«med, were considered. The total system invest-
ment post for . 20,000 head unpavedI feedlot with
noDUtlAfl CVmtml lima MMMMWMMM,*.^!.. *A4A A*wt „ •_•
^•"•ITI^ vcu auu * — •^••t ^••«^' *» M*UU w»t«i.
The pen facilities were about 6596 of the total in-
vestment cost, toe runoff control system about
ment buildings with steMedfloors using slurry taut
dling methods or with solid floors using solid han-
dling methods offer a high potential for c~~.i-.-i..
Identifiers: •Agricultural wastes. 'Manure sta-
bilization pond. 'Livestock manure characteristics
tfc»"«i ?dty """' c1ond aPP«arance and local
tion, Sludge digestion, Sludge disposal.
In contrast to sewage and other wastewater sta-
enization ponds, manure disposal ponds are ex-
pected to accept very large amounts of organic
solid matter, often with scarcely enough water to
get the wastes into the pond. The objective is sta-
bilization and disposal of organic matter rather
than water purification; effluent is lacking; make-
mP»^ftefnrmTnine^ed' Biocnenlical oxygen de-
mand (BOD) loading ranges up to 1200
Ibs/acre/day; anaerobic conditions predominate-
and are functionally comparable to open unheated
sludge lagoons or conventional sludge digesters
Research during the past 5 years confirms depen-
dence on anaerobic processes to stabilize agricul-
tural wastes. Major design criteria are: (1) control
odors, (2) control fly and mosquito production (31
prevent infiltration of pond fiquor to subsurface
natural waters, (4) proper siting for aesthetic pur-
poses Other important design considerations relate
to: volume and depth criteria, summer sludge up-
welling requirements and winter sludge submersion
requirements, manure inlet location, sludge build-
up rates and removal, pond water levels, effluent
runoff control, pond geometry and, plant and in-
sect control. (D'Arezzo-Texas)
A Pionutlng system for near c^S'pSK
control is a cable scraper system underneath a
•totted floor for daily removal and rtspwaToftb£
WB*e*i'.A manure irrigation system costs about
one-half as much as mechanically conveyinff the
1258 - A3, A9, C4
I Fan-, and S. M. Morrison.
Descriptors: 'Water quality. 'Aquatic microbiolo-
1260 — A3, F4
NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OP
WATER POLLUTION,
treatment. Waste disposal, nilnois^^ te
Identifiers: 'DDT. Soil conservation methods,
wataf'SSt.f1"*5' * ma*)r ""n** «* raral
? , Pollution was made. Major pollutants
are tofflfcer*. pesticides, erosion wd Sedtaenl*
and animal wastes. In commercial fertSEera
nitrogen and phosphorus pose the greatertpollu.
Oon threat.. Pesticides are only sUghUy soluble
" "L""* i00* fiveyperc\ntyof tha?
reaches waterways. Soil erosion and
348
-------
sediment, which carry the greatest threat for
pollution, can be minimized by contour farm-
Ing, terracing, cover crops and/or crop rotation.
Farm animal waste treatment may be accom-
plished by aerobic digestion, lagoons, compost-
ing, land disposal, or chemical treatment, how-
ever, these are systems used in domestic waste
treatment and the same degree of success had
not been achieved with animal waste. (Mar-
quard • East Central).
1261 — Bl, Fl
INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN
THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY
WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECO-
NOMIES OF SIZE,
Texas A & M University, College Station, De-
partment of Agricultural Economics and Rural
Sociology
Interregional Competition in the Cattle Feeding
Economy with Special Emphasis on Economies
of Size, B-1115, Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station (Project No. HM-2489) in cooperation
with the U.S.D.A., September, 1971, 5S p., 39
tab., 8 flg.
Descriptors: 'Feed lots. 'Cattle, •Economies,
Identifiers: Regional production characteristics.
Transportation rates. Least-cost shipment routes,
Feed grains.
This study utilizes a mum-dimensional trans-
shipment model to determine the least cost lo-
cation and optimum levels of cattle feeding
and fed-eatUe slaughter among Vt specified
regions in the 48 contiguous states W satisfy
the demand for fed beef. D»t» showed that
readily available supplies of feed grain and
feeder cattle and economies of size in feedlot
operations are of major importance In determin-
ing the optimum location and levels of cattle
feeding. Models were also developed to sys-
tematically measure the effects of specified
changes in regional feedlot size and projected
1075 regional feedlot Hies on the optimum re-
.tonal locauon Md level, of cattle feeding
and slaughter. In addition, the study shows
the least-cost shipment routes for feeder cattle.
feed grates, fed slaughter cattle, and dressed
fed beef to meet the demand requirement* In
the various sectors of the cattle feeding-fed-beef
economy. (Wetherlll • East Central).
1263 — Bl, C5
CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PRO-
TEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE
AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RE-
STRICnON,
Univerttty of Kentucky, Lexington.
D. L. Cross, i. A, Soling, anff N. W. Bradley.
Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 36, No. 5, p.
982-H& Hay. 1973. 4 tab., 2 flg.. 12 reL
Descriptor*: »Farm waste*,, •Proteins, 'Cattle,
Metabolism. ._,-•
Identifiers: •Chromic oxide,* Water restriction.
Dry matter digestibility, Fecal dry natter.
Twelve yearling Angus steers were assigned
to two periods and two treatments in ane*-
perlment designed to study die effect of water
restriction ' on the excretion of, chromic oxide
and crude protettv Bach steer ;*je confined to
A metabolism cwt« wd r*ceM_4 **«»
fatten clul water Ire* c|wc« W W& free choice
daSj7 BtfriJ^eachpertoT fecal sampiw were
taken it JfoM mterwls ••tatjt hours followed
by a 7 day total collection of fecei. The per-
cent recovery of chromic oxide averaged 103.1
and 102.3 respectively for the steers offered
water free choice or 6% oi free choice. There
was no difference In the digestion of crude
protein between treatments. There was afl In-
crease in dry matter dttestamty Mdeftrtmuc
oxide conceftteatWh In-Jeeal dryttyttetWneB
water was restricted. /Water rMtrtcttott-dld not
affect crude protein concentration M fecal dry
matter. These data suggest that water re-
striction has little effect on the excretion of
chromic oxide and crude protein. (Marquard
East' Central).
CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF
A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYS-
Oklahoma State UnlverHty. SttUwater. Agri-
cultural Engineering Department.
A. F. Butchbaker, O. W. A. Mahoney, J. E.
Paper" presented at 65th Annual Meeting, Ameri-
can Society of Agricultural MMM go'
Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30. 187J. Paper No,
7I-41o! 3S P.. 1 tab., 10 flg.. 28 ret.
Descriptors: •Climates, 'Feed lots. /Waste dls-
iosaU 'Cattle. Temperature, Moisture deficit,
Aerated lagoans. Management.
Identifiers: 'Site selection. «Beef housing ays.
tem, Anaerobic lagoons.
Climate classifications are defined and climate
.fiStT on animals and waste management sys-
tems are discussed. As a result, two dlmatolo-
Scal models for beef housing and waste man-
agement were developed to serve as a bads for
delineating areas that require different beef
housing »nd waste management practices. One
«ed January and July temperature limits for
Serf production and moisture deficit Beet nous-
55 5ulwaste management systems were
classified by climatologlcal areas. Essentially,
more humid areas require more complete hou«-
iBg and waste management systems. Areas of
high moisture deficit are optimum for open
feedlots Areas above 60'F require sunshades.
,ni» vear-around disposal of wastes on crop-
tods cSbVacSieved Areas below «'F require
a higher degree of housing and storage facUittes
"or ^mterwastes. (Marquard . East Central).
1264 — A5, A6,B1,C1. Bl
PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR
CONTROL,
Texas A it M University, Texas Agricultural
Extension Service, Department of Agricultural
Engineering.
j ii Sweeten.
Texas A ft M University. Texas Agricultural
Extension Service. Department of Agricultural
Engineering, December 1, 1971, a p.. 4 ret. ,
Descriptors: 'Air pollution, •Feed tots, 'Farm
waste*. Aerobic tacterta. Moisture contents.
Temperature, Waste treatment Poultry. Lagoons,
waste disposal* '
Identifiers; 'Odor control. Odor measurement.
Odor intensity, Odor quality.
The major obstacle to developing effective odof
control technique*, writing guidelines for feed-
W^dor^ontSTand Utlgafioa j?7e*afot o%r
cases is the lack of suitable quantitative meth-
ods for meWOtiflg the intensity and quality
of odor*. MeaWrtilg odor tateMlty U uwaay
done by dUutlnf wltli odonre* w»teri Bow-
ever, sessuwment of odor oualUy te occult
because of the lack of an accepted standard.
The physical variable* which affect the gen-
eration of malodors from manure are tempera-
ture and moisture content. Experiments with
poultry manure have shown that manure odor
intensities are proportional to moisture con-
tent This has suggested two approaches to
odor control of feedlots-(1) maintenance of
aerobic conditions for decomposition, and (2)
the chemical treatment of manure. Judicious
site selection of feedlots witl* respect to sur-
rounding land use pattens and ctrmaUc factors
is si third alternative which has hsd some sac-
cess. (Dudley - Bast Central).
349
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SECTION VIII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
, auth0rs and P""11^ for
Is also extended to EPA Project Of««rRh1C,en^1es- Spec1al thanks
tonce i. the Preparat Sn'oflhls^bl 9 ^ '
350
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SECTION IX
REFERENCES
(1) Miner, J. R., D. Bundy, and G. Chrlstenbury. Bibliography of Livestock
Waste Management. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
Publication Number EPA-R2-72-101. December, 1972. 137 p.
(2) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 1, No. lOb, Oct. 15, 1968.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1968
(3) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.. Vol. 2, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1969.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1969.
(4) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1969.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(5) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 4, Feb. 15, 1969,
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(6) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 5, Mar. 1, 1969,
Washington, D. C.: Government Printfng Off fee, 7969.
(7) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 7, Apr. 1, 1969.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(8) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 11, June 1, 1969.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(9) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 12, June 15, 1969.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1969.
(10) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 13, July 1, 1969.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
351
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(11) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 2, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1969
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(12) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 2, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1969
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(13) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 2, No. 20, Oct. 15, 1969.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(14) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstract^. Vol. 2, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1969.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(15) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstmrt*. Vol. 3, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(16) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstrarfc. vol. 3, No. 5, Mar. 1, 1970,
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(17) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Ahstrarts. Vol. 3, No. 6, Mar. 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(18) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 9, May 1, 1970.
Washington, D. C7:Government Printing Office, 1970.
(19) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 10, May 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(20) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 11, June 1, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(21) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 12, June,15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(22) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 13, July 1, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
352
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(23) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 3, No. 14, July 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(24) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water .Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 15, Aug. 1, 1970.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970.
(25) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 16, Aug. 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970.
(26) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 17, Sept. 1, 1970.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970.
(27) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970.
(28) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1970.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970.
(29) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. V6l, 3, No. 22, Nov. 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(30) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1970.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.
(31) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 24, Dec. 15, 1970.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970.
(32) 'U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 1, Jan. 1, 1971.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1971.
(33) U. S. Department of Interior. .Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(34) U. 'S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1971.
Washington, D. G.:Government Printing Office, 1971.
353
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(35) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 4, Feb. 15, 1971
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(36) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 5,- Mar. 1, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(37) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
SalMn«?nnatnr S650"!?65 Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 6, Mar. 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(38> tif;*5!iPSr?ienJ of Inter1or- Off*ce of Water Resources Research.
ShffSLn nr *esou!:ces Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 7. Apr. 1, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(39) tfPSr?ienJ °f Interl°r- Off1ce °f Water Resources Research.
ytntr SPsou^ces Attracts. Vol. 4, No. 9, May.l, 1971.
n, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(40) SliLSyS1?"^ °f Inter1or- Off1ce ef Water Resources Research.
WafiMn«tnnatnr g"0"^8' Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 10, May 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(41) c:if**DSP,a,r?eni of Inter1or' °ff1ce of Water Resources Research.
SlSSS nr *esou!:ces Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 11, June 1, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
^ U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 12, June 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(43) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 13, July 1, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(44) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 14, July 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(45) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 15, Aug. 1, 1971,
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(46) U. S, Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 17, Sept. 1, 1971.
Washington, D. t.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
354
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(47) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(48) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(49) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 21, Nov. 1, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(50) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 22, Nov. 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(51) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 24, Dec. 15, 1971.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971.
(52) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. ', Jan. 1, 1972.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(53) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research,
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1972,
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972.
(54) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1972.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972.
(55) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 5» Mar. 1, 1972.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972.
(56) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research,
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 6, Mar. 15, 1972.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972.
(57) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Se>ected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 7, Apr. 1, 1972.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972.
(58) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 8, Apr. 15, 1972,
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972.
355
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( } L ;+ 5PS ?"enD °f Inter;°r- O^ce of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstract Vol. 5, No. 9, May 1, 1972
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office! 1972?
(60) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No 10 Mav 151972
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Off ice '. 1972.
(61) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
nr *e?Q^ces Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 11, June 1, 1972.
D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(62) us .Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 12, June 15, 1972
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(63) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
.Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 13, July 1, 1972
wasmngton, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(64) ^iS;*25pia,r?IBnJ of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
selected Water Resm^ros Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 14, July 15, 1972
wasmngton, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(65) SelectodPS±enJ °f Inter1or- Off1ce °f Water Resources Research.
Wash?no?on nr "*30urrCB* Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 15, Aug. 1, 1972.
Washington, D. u.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(66) L!;t2Rr?nenJ of Inter1or. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Ahst.Mrt«. Vol. 5, No. 16, Aug. 15, 1972
wasmngton, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(67) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
.Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 17, Sept. 1, 3972.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(68) US Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
.Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1972
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(69) clif •+DSPur?ienJ Of Interl°r- Off1" °f Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No 19 Oct 1 1972
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office; 1972.
(70) •c:i!\05p2f?nenS'0f Inter]|or- Off*ce of Water Resources Research.
S? Mnn^T ^Souyces Abstracts., Vol . 5, No. 20, Oct. 15, 1972.
Washington, D. C,: Government Printing Office, 1972.
356
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(71) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 21, Nov. 1, 1972.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(72) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1972.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
(73) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 24, Dec. 15, 1972.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972.
(74) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan. 1, 1973.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
(75) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 6, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1973.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
(76) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 6, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1973.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
(77) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 6, No. 4, Feb. 15, 1973.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1973.
(78) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 6, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1973.
Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1973.
(79) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 6, No. 22, Nov. 15, 1973.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
(80) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 6, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1973.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
(81) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 6, No. 24, Dec. 15, 1973.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
(82) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan. 1, 1974.
Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1974.
«U5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:W74 546-319/401 1-3 357
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SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
on Mo.
\ .,'k'*',l > '
, - -" r.J
w
LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT
, Ralph H.
East Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma
School of Environmental Science
2, S(ic'«oim^ Organization ( ,' "-*" '•"",,*
10. Project No.
11. Contract/Grant No.
I <
Environmental Protection Agency report numter, EPA-660/2-T1t-02U ,
April 1971*.
It. Aljitiacl
Management and research Information on animal wastes has expanded rapidly in
recent years. This material has appeared 1n diverse sources such as journal
articles, conference proceedings papers, university or government publications,
magazine articles, books, and theses. This bibliography (an updated and revised
extension of the BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT EPA-R2-72-101 which
was published by J. R. Miner, D. Bundy, and G. ChHstenbury at Iowa State University)
was compiled 1n order to speed the flow of Information on findings 1n one segment
of the livestock Industry to other segments that could benefit from this technology.
Included 1n this publication are the following Indexes: (1) title, (2) author,
(3) keyword, (4) animal Information categories. These Indexes are followed by a
section of abstracts of each reference entry found In the bibliography. Single
copies of most articles can be obtained in hard copy or microfiche form at cost
from the Animal Waste Technical Information Center, School of Environmental Science,
East Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma 74820. (Ramsey-East Central)
11 a. i>«scriptors
*B1bl1ograph1es, *Cattle, *Sheep, *Hogs, *Poultry, *F1sh farming, *Feedlots,
Confinement pens, *Research and development, *Farm wastes, Waste Identification,
Waste treatment, Waste storage, Waste disposal, Agricultural runoff
17b. Identifiers
*Waste management, *T1tle index, *Author Index, *Keyword Index, *An1mal information
categories Index
!/c COWRR Hcid &. Group Q5A, 05B, 05C, 05D, 05E, 056
lit. Availability *' 19, Security CfetM. . '-^\
20. Security Ctajs.
vtrttrado, Qr. ^ipfj H, Ramsey
.22* ttJw
* 4 i *, r, j
Send To:
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINOTON. DX. M140
institution East Central State College
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