Annual Water Sampling and Analysis
        at the Salmon Test Site Area

            Lamar County, Mississippi
                    April 2007

                        by
                   James R. Harris, Jr.
  Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Legacy Management
                under Interagency Agreement
                  DE-AI01-07LM00095
RADIATION AND INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS NATIONAL LABORATORY
          OFFICE OF RADIATION AND INDOOR AIR
        U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                   P.O.BOX 98517
               LAS VEGAS, NV 89193-8517

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     Annual Water Sampling and Analysis
        at the Salmon Test Site Area


            Lamar County, Mississippi
                    April 2007

                        by
                   James R. Harris, Jr.
  Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Legacy Management
                under Interagency Agreement
                  DE-AI01-07LM00095
RADIATION AND INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS NATIONAL LABORATORY
          OFFICE OF RADIATION AND INDOOR AIR
        U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                   P.O.BOX 98517
               LAS VEGAS, NV 89193-8517

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                                        NOTICE

The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) through Interagency Agreement (LAG) DE-AI01-07LM00095 from the United
States Department of Energy (DOE)-National Energy Technology Laboratory and Office of Legacy
Management. This supersedes Agreement No. DE-AI0896NV11969, from the United States Department of
Energy (DOE). The EPA (IAG) identification number RW-89-92243501-0 is a continuation of EPA-
Reference RW89-937611-01. This document has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative
reviews, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or
commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                             11

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                                 ABSTRACT

The Long-Term Hydrological Monitoring Program (LTHMP), directed by the EPA, conducts
annual water sampling on and around the Salmon Test Site Area. In 1964 and 1966, nuclear
explosives were detonated approximately 2,700 feet (823 m) underground at the Salmon Test Site
Area located in Lamar County, Mississippi. Drilling and clean-up activities have resulted in
tritium contamination in close proximity to the surface ground zero.

In this report, the 2007 annual water sampling at the Salmon Site is described, and the analytical
results of the collected samples are given. The highest tritium concentration onsite was 6.2 x 101
pCi/L in water from well SA1-1H (see Appendix B). No radioactivity attributable to the test site
was found in any offsite water sample. The highest tritium concentration offsite was 16.3 ± 6.9
pCi/L at the James D. Lowe pond.

Negative values for tritium are obtained when the counts registered on the liquid scintillation
counter for a regular sample are less than the average counts obtained for the  fossil water samples
used as background samples. The average background counts are deducted from the sample
counts to correct for background radiation affecting the detector in the scintillation counter. It is
normal to get some negative values for samples with little or no tritium in them due  to statistical
counting variations; hence environmental samples are at background levels.

The incidence of negative results is slightly higher this year than in past years due to a change in
the scintillation cocktail used for counting. We are no longer able to use the Beckman ReadySafe
scintillation cocktail used in previous years because a change in the formulation has substantially
raised the background counts from around  3.5 to 12 counts per minute. The result is to nearly
double the detection limit and the 2-sigma error for the samples is unacceptable. All of the
replacement scintillation cocktails show a slightly greater variability in counting resulting in more
instances where the average background counts exceed the counts for the low activity samples.
We are now using EcoLume liquid scintillation cocktail.

All samples were also analyzed for the presence of gamma-ray emitting radionuchdes. None
were detected above the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) (see Appendix B).
                                       in

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This page is left blank intentionally.
                IV

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                                  CONTENTS

                                                                              Page

Notice	ii
Abstract	iii
Contents	v
Figures	vi
Acronyms and Abbreviations	vii/viii
Acknowledgments	ix

Introduction	1
History	1
Historical Monitoring Results	2
Figures 1-7	3-8
Sample Collection	9
Sample Analysis	10
Water Analysis Results	10/11

References	12
Glossary of Terms	13/14

Appendices
A.  Summary of Analytical Procedures	15
B.  Gamma/Tritium Results for Water Samples Collected in April 2007	16/17
C.  R&IE's LTHMP related SOPs	18

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                                     FIGURES
Figure Number                                                                   Page

1     General site location of Project Salmon Test Site Area	3
2     Topographic map of the Salmon Test Site Area showing the Surface Ground Zero and
      outline of Test Area at 2,700 feet below land surface 	4
3     Test cavity and aquifers	5
4     Tritium concentration vs. sampling year for HM-S (depth = 30 ft)	6
5     Tritium concentration vs. sampling year for HM-L (depth = 200 ft)	6
6     List of Onsite past and present sampling locations 2007	7
7     List of Offsite past and present sampling locations 2007	8
                                         VI

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              ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AEC
Bq/L
13?Cs
60Co
CERMER

CRQA
DCG
DOE
EPA
Frac Tank
3H+
HpGe
HM-L, HM-L2
HM-S
HM-1
HM-2a
HM-2b
HMO
1AG
1TC
131I
keV
kg
kt
L
LTHMP
m
MCL
MDA
MDC
MeV
min
mL
MT
ORIA
pCi/L

PHS
REECo
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Becquerel per liter
Cesium-137
Cobalt-60
Center for Environmental Restoration Monitoring and Emergency
Response
Center for Radioanalysis and Quality Assurance
Derived Concentration Guide
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
storage container
gram
Tritium
Enriched Tritium
high purity germanium gamma detector
Hydrological Monitoring Well - Local Aquifer
Hydrological Monitoring Well - Surficial Aquifer
Hydrological Monitoring Well - Aquifer 1
Hydrological Monitoring Well - Aquifer 2a
Hydrological Monitoring Well - Aquifer 2b
Hydrological Monitoring Well - Aquifer 3
Interagency Agreement
International Technology Corporation
Iodine-131
kilo electron volts = thousand electron volts
kilogram, 1000 grams
kiloton (TNT equivalent)
liter
Long Term Hydrological Monitoring Program
meter
maximum contaminant level
minimum detectable activity
minimum detectable concentration
one million electron volts
minute
milliliter = one thousandth of a liter
megaton (one million tons TNT equivalent)
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
picocuries per liter = 10"12 curies per liter = 1/1,000,000,000,000
curies per liter
U.S. Public Health Service
Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Company
                                 vn

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Continued

R&IE             Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory, Las
                  Vegas, NV
90Sr               Strontium-90
SA Wells          Source Area Wells
SGZ              surface ground zero
USGS             U.S. Geological Survey
131Xe              Xenon-131
133Xe              Xenon-133
                               Vlll

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                      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

External peer review was provided by Vernon Hodge, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry,
University of Nevada, Las Vegas. In addition, the author would like to acknowledge
George Dilbeck, Ph.D., and Richard Flotard, Ph.D., as internal reviewers. Thanks also to
Natalia Brooks, Mark Ovrebo and Steve McLemore, of the General Dynamics Corp, IT
contractors, for their assistance and  significant contributions in production of this report.
Below are representative pictures of the DOE monument that displays the information of
the actual sites detonations. The historical captions depict depths, dates, warnings which
are located on plates, front and back on the granite monument standing at Surface Ground
Zero.
                                   IX

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                          INTRODUCTION
Under an Interagency Agreement (IAG) with the DOE, the EPA's Radiation and Indoor
Environments National Laboratory (R&IE) located in Las Vegas, NV, conducts annual
sampling to measure radioactivity in water sources near the sites of underground nuclear
explosions. The results provide assurance that radioactive materials from the tests have
not migrated into potable drinking water supplies. This report presents the results for
samples collected under EPA's LTHMP in April 2007, on and around the Salmon Test
Site Area, Lamar County, Mississippi.

History

Project Dribble, consisting of two nuclear explosions, and Project Miracle Play,
consisting of two non-nuclear gas explosions, were conducted in the Salmon Test Site
Area, near Baxterville, Lamar County, Mississippi, between 1964 and 1970. The  general
area is depicted in Figure 1. The Salmon Test Site Area (Figure 2) contains
approximately 1,470 acres located in Sections 11,12, 13, and 14, Township 2 North,
Range 16 West.
                 Test Date  Name
Type
                                Yield
                                (kt)
10-22-64  Salmon       Nuclear 5.3
12-03-66  Sterling       Nuclear 0.38
02-02-69  Diode Tube   Gas     0.32
04-19-70  Humid Water  Gas     0.32
These tests were part of the Vela Uniform Program of the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission (a predecessor agency of the DOE). The purpose was to measure and
evaluate the phenomena of seismic waves that are induced from the explosions as
compared to those that occur naturally from earthquakes. The first explosion, the Salmon
Event, created a cavity in the salt dome underlying the test area. The top of the cavity is
1,160 feet (354 m) below the top of the salt dome which lies 1,500 feet (457 m) below the
land surface (Figure 3).  The Salmon detonation cavity was subsequently used to contain
the next three explosions as described in the plagues on the previous page.

Following each detonation, the surrounding area was closely monitored by the U.S.
Public Health Service (PHS). Radiological monitoring became the responsibility of the
EPA at its inception in 1970, and after the second site cleanup operation in 1971-72, the
LTHMP was instituted. In this program, all potable aquifers, several wells, public water
supplies, and selected surface waters in the vicinity of the Salmon Test Site are sampled
on an annual basis and analyzed to determine the presence of tritium, gamma and other
radioactive contaminants.

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Historical Monitoring Results

The disposal of drilling mud and fluids near the surface ground zero (SGZ) is responsible
for tritium (3H) contamination of the soil zone and underlying shallow aquifer. These
waters lie at depths of 4 to 10 feet (1.2 to 3 m) and 30 feet (9 m), respectively, and are not
potable. Tritium contamination is also present in the potable water of the local aquifer
which lies at about 200 feet (61 m). The observed 3H concentration in the local aquifer is
significantly below the 20,000 pCi/L guideline specified in the National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides; Final Rule (40CFR9/141/142), and is
thought to be due to drilling activities at the site (Fenske and Humphrey, 1980; Fordham
andFenske, 1985).

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                             Prentiss
                             •*

                          Monticello
                                            Seminary


                                Bassfield     \       { Moselle
                                                 Eatonville

                                                             Runnelstown
                                    Bunker   Sumral
                                    Hill
                                                                 Hattiesburg       Richton
                                                             Purvis


                                                            Talowah
 Tylertown -                i  _,.
                            Pmebur

MISSISSIPPI               ]_     Baxterville

LOUISIANA              " T "">

                                        '11
                    Major Highway

                    Test Site, SGZ
Figure 1. General site location of Project Salmon Test Site Area.

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       UL/^M» **JM» «I__»M»*K_» 4^*1. _
       YVMRS wm auOTCoM •mm
                 nNn tMa dnto
               0(1400 (Ml (480 n)
SALMON TEST SHE AREA
      BOUNDARY
                   approx.  1 1/2mUo*
     N
                                   60ALCMFOT
Figure 2. Topographic Map of the Salmon Test Site Area showing Surface Ground
Zero and outline of Test Area at 2,700 feet below land surface.

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          CITRONELLE
           AQUIFER
HALF MOON CREEK
ALLUVIAL AQUIFER
   WELL
   HT-2
                         TEST CAVITY
                         SALT DOME*
                                      HIGHLY
                                   RADIOACTIVE
                                     MATERIAL
                                                                      GROUND
                                                                      SURFACE
                                                                      LOCAL AQUIFER

                                                                      AQUIFER 1

                                                                      AQUIFER 2A

                                                                     ] AQUIFER 28

                                                                      AQUIFER 3A


                                                                      AQUIFER 38


                                                                      AQUIFER 4



                                                                      AQUIFERS
                                                                 FLUID LEVEL
                                    RECRYSTALLIZED
                                     MELT PUDDLE
         LIMESTONE    *Tne test cavi{y contains fission and activation products from tht detonations plus
                        10,770 cubic yards of radioactive, contaminated soils and 1,305,000 gallons of
         SANDSTONE     contaminated fluids and water from surface cleanup.
Figure 3. Salmon Site Test Cavity and Aquifers.

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    40






 | 30


 X



 .?20
                  oo aoooSoo*^
SSSSot
o\»o>9to\c*ON»<*ot0\
                                                  MMMMMMMM
                                Calendar Year
Figure 4.  Tritium concentration vs. sampling year for HM-S (depth = 30 ft).
    3000




    2500




    2000
  X 1000




     500




       0
     i
                                                      I Measured

                                                      D predicted
                                     MM
                                 Calendar Year
Figure 5. Tritium concentration vs. sampling year for HM-L (depth = 200 ft).

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                          Project  Dribble
                             Mississippi
          Well HM-L2
                                                    Half Moor     • Huntin9 Tatum Club Well
                                            HMH-5B  \ Creek    SAM-LA     ASA1-9-2
   SA5-3-M
          >• SA5-4-4   A.SA5-2-M
        Well HT-2C
                                              t
                                              N
         Scale In Feet
            1OOO
                                                          LOCATION MAP
         Surface Ground Zero
         Water Sampling Locations
         New Wells Added in 1997
Mississippi
                                 Map is not to scale
Lamar
County
Figure 6. List of Onsite past and present sampling locations 2007.

                                    7

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                            Project  Salmon
                                Mississippi
                  Gil Ray's Crawfish Pond
 Lower Little Creek #2

 Howard Smith Pond
               Little Creek #1 -

              Lee Anderson
                              Willie Surge
                              I  r- Joe Surge
                         Roy Mills
                         D. Napier
                  Anderson's Pond
                        B,R
Anderson
Rogers
 -W.H. Noble J
  Arteene Anderson
                          Steve Cockemam  R.L Anderson Jr
                  Ray Daniels ^__     R L Anderson Sr
                            . Daniel Jr.
                   Daniel's Fish
                   Pond Well #2
                                                                   Lumberton
                                                                   City Well 2
                01234
                  Scale in Kilometer*
                                                                                G.Ray
         Surface Ground Zero

         Water Sampling Locations

         Tatum Dome Test Area
                                                                LOCATION MAP
                 Mississippi
                                     Map is not to scale
Latnar
County
Figure 7. List of Qffsite past and present sampling locations 2007.

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Sample Collection

According to standard operating procedures agreed to by DOE (U.S. DOE 1981), the
shallow wells are first sampled, pumped-down, and resampled on the following day.
Wells HM-1, HM-2A, HM-2B, HM-3, and HM-L, which lie adjacent to SGZ, were first
sampled and then pumped steadily while further samples were taken at 30 minutes
intervals until the pH and conductivity of the water stabilized. A final sample was taken
from each well 30 minutes after stability was reached. Water samples were taken from
sources near the SGZ area (i.e., Half Moon Creek, Half Moon Creek Overflow, and the
Pond west of SGZ), before and after the pumping operations to identify any resulting
changes in tritium concentration from previous years. Well HM-L2 was first sampled and
then pumped for one hour before a second sample was taken and shut down.

For wells with operating pumps, the samples were collected at the nearest convenient
outlet. If the well has no pump, a truck-mounted or a submersible pump is used.  Using
this truck mounted unit, it is possible to collect three-liter samples from wells as deep as
1829 meters (6,000 ft.). The pH, conductivity, water temperature, and sampling water
level was measured and recorded as each sample was collected. Waste water contained
from wells HMH-5R, SA1-1-H was contained in a Frac Tank and then disposed  of offsite
by DOE, contractor Stoller.

In November 2000, the U.S. DOE awarded a grant to Lamar County, Mississippi. The
grant provided an extension of the current drinking water system around the Salmon Test
Site. The water system eliminated the need to sample residential wells in the area and
around the site.  However, the EPA and the State of Mississippi will continue monitoring
wells and surface locations onsite and offsite annually.  The offsite sampling sites will
consist of city wells in Purvis, Baxterville, Columbia, and Lumberton, as well as some
local residents, ponds and streams.

In 2002, the U.S. DOE plugged 33 wells on the Salmon Site. There are 28 wells, 3 mud
pits, 1 pond, and 2 creek locations remaining in the LTHMP that will be sampled
annually onsite. If the reader would like more information on the plugged wells, they
should contact the U.S. DOE in Las Vegas, Nevada.

The locations of all sampling sites are shown on pages 7 and 8. Sampling results are
discussed in the sections that follow.

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Sample Analysis

Radiochemical laboratory procedures used to analyze the samples collected for this
report are summarized in R&IE's SOPs (see Appendix A and C). These include
standard methods to identify natural and man-made gamma-emitting radionuclides,
tritium, plutonium, strontium, and uranium in water samples.

Two types of tritium analyses are performed: conventional and electrolytic
enrichment. The enrichment method lowers the minimum detectable concentration
(MDC) from approximately 300 pCi/L to about 5 pCi/L.  An upper activity limit of
800 pCi/L as specified in SOP RQA-603 has been established for the tritium
enrichment method because sample cross-contamination becomes a problem at higher
levels.  In late 1995, it was decided that a maximum of 25 percent of all samples
collected would be analyzed by the low-level enrichment method. This decision was
based on the time required for analysis, budgetary constraints, and an assessment of
past results.  Under the current sampling and analysis protocols for the site, all
samples are initially screened for tritium activity by the conventional method and
selected samples enriched.  At this time, only sampling locations that are in position
to show migration are selected for enrichment. Sufficient sample is collected from
new sampling locations to perform all routine analysis and a full-suite of other
radiochemical determinations including assays for strontium-90, isotopic plutonium,
and isotopic uranium.

Water Analysis Results

No radioactive materials from the Salmon Test Site Area were detected in any  water
sample collected offsite; nor were tritium concentrations above normal background
values  detected in any offsite sample. Gamma-ray spectral analysis results indicated
that no man-made  gamma-emitting radionuclides were detected in either onsite or
offsite  samples.

The highest tritium concentration found onsite was 6.2 xlO3 pCi/L.  This was detected
in a water sample collected from Well SA1-1H which is a shallow well (40ft.)  near
SGZ. The water from this well is not available to the public, nor is it potable.

Long-term decreasing trends in tritium concentrations are evident for onsite locations
that have shown detectable tritium activity since monitoring began under the LTHMP
in 1980 (wells HM-S and HM-L, depicted in Figures 4 and 5).  In all, fifteen onsite
sampling locations exhibited tritium concentrations above the MDC (Half Moon
Creek,  Pond  West  of GZ, Well E-7,Well HM-L Well  HM-S, Well HMH-5R, Well
HMH-16R, SA1-1H, SA1-2-H, SA1-3-H, SA-1-6H, SA1-8-L, SA3-4-H, SA3-11-3
and SA4-5-L.).

Tritium concentrations in the offsite samples ranged from less than the MDC to 16.3
pCi/L (~ 0.6  Bq/L). These results are typical of background tritium levels and do not
exceed the tritium  activity expected in local precipitation.
                                  10

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Water Analysis Results Continue

Due to the high rainfall in the area, the sampling procedure for selected onsite wells
was modified as follows: after collection of an initial sample, wells were purged and a
second sample was collected the following day after the well had recharged. The
second sample was representative of water that has infiltrated through the soil zone,
where as the first sample may represent a mixture of direct rainwater influx at the top
of the well and infiltrated soil zone water.

A total of 21 of the 34 onsite locations were sampled in this manner (pre-and post-
sampling): 8 yielded tritium activities greater than the MDC in either the first or
second sample. Of these, all 8 yielded results higher than normal background
(approximately 25 - 40 pCi/L [0.9 - 1.5 Bq/L]) as shown in Appendix B. The
locations where the highest tritium activities were measured generally correspond to
areas of known contamination.

In summary, tritium concentrations in the water samples collected this year at the
Salmon Site are consistent with those of past  studies: Onsite tritium concentrations,
were all below the 20,000 pCi/L maximum contaminant level (MCL) defined in
EPA's National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides; Final Rule
(40CFR9/141/142); and, the highest tritium concentration found offsite was 16.3 ±
6.9  pCi/L which was at the James D. Lowe Pond, (<1/10 of 1% (0.08%) of EPA's
MCL. All samples were  analyzed for presence of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides
and none were detected (see Appendix B on pages 16-17).
                                  11

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                         REFERENCES
Final rule on Dec. 7,2000. Code of Federal Regulations, Vol. 65, Title 40,  Parts 9,
141, and 142, December 7,2000, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations;
Radionuclides; Final Rule.

A Guide for Environmental Radiological Surveillance at U.S. Dept. of Energy
Installations, July 1981,0ffice of Operational Safety Report. Las Vegas, NV: U.S.
Department of Energy; DOE/EP-0023.

Fenske, P. R.; Humphrey, T. M., Jr. The Tatum Dome Project Lamar County,
Mississippi. Las Vegas, NV: U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office;
NVO-225; 1980.

Fordham, J. W; Fenske, P. R. Tatum Dome Field Study Report and  Monitoring Data
Analysis, Las Vegas, NV: U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office;
DOE/NV/10384-03; 1985.
                                12

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                           GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Background Radiation
      The radiation in man's environment, including cosmic rays and radiation from
      naturally-occurring and man-made radioactive elements, both outside and inside the
      bodies of humans and animals. The usually quoted average individual exposure from
      background radiation is 125 millirem per year in mid-latitudes at sea level (Shein &
      Terplak, 1984).

Curie (Ci)
      The basic unit used to describe the rate of radioactive disintegration. The curie is
      equal to 37 billion disintegrations per second, which is the equivalent of 1 gram of
      radium. Named for Marie and Pierre Curie who discovered radium in 1898. One
      microcurie (uCi) is one millionth of a Ci.

Isotope
      Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in the nuclei. Thus
      I2C, I3C, and  I4C are isotopes of the element carbon, the numbers denoting the
      approximate atomic weights.  Isotopes have very nearly the same chemical properties,
      but often different physical properties (for example 12 C and l3 C are stable, M C is
      radioactive).

Enrichment Method
      A method of electrolytic concentration that increases the sensitivity of the analysis of
      tritium in water. This method is used  by R&IE in selected samples  if the tritium
      concentration is less than 800 pCi/L.

Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA)
      Minimum detectable activity.

Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC)
      The smallest amount of radioactivity that can be reliably detected with a probability
      of Type I and Type II errors at 5 percent each (DOE 1981).

Offsite
      Areas exclusive of the immediate Salmon Test Site Area.
Onsite
      Refers to the immediate vicinity of the Salmon Test Site Area.

Shallow ground water
      Water found near the soil surface, caused by precipitation infiltration of the soil. This
      shallow ground water is not an aquifer.
                                        13

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                     GLOSSARY OF TERMS (Continue)

Surflcial Aquifer
      The ground water layer located closest to the surface, generally at a depth of
      approximately 30 feet at SGZ.

Tritium
      A radioactive isotope of hydrogen that decays by beta emission. Its half-life is about
      12.5 years.

Pre Sample
      First sample taken from wells onsite (before pumping).

Post Sample
      Last sample taken from wells onsite (after recharge).

Type I Error
      The statistical error of accepting the presence of radioactivity when none is present.
      Sometimes called alpha error.

Type II Error
      The statistical error of failing to recognize the presence of radioactivity when it is
      present. Sometimes called beta error.
                                        14

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          Appendix A
Summary of Analytical Procedures
Type of Analysis
HpGe Gamma b










3H



3H+
Enrichment


(a)

(b)
Analytical C°unting H™*'" Approximate
Equipment Perl°d Analytical Procedures Size ^.^ Limit .
* (Min) counted
HpGe detector 150 Radionuclide 3.5L Varies with
calibrated at concentration quantified radionuclides and
0.5 from gamma spectral data detector used,
keV/channel by online computer normally counted
(0.04 to 2 program. to a MDC of
MeV range). approx. 5 pCi/L
Individual for Cs- 137.
detector
efficiencies
ranging from
15 to 35%.
Automatic 300 Sample prepared by 4 mL 300 pCi/L
liquid distillation.
scintillation
counter.
Automatic 300 Sample is distilled 5 mL 5 pCi/L
liquid concentrated by
scintillation electrolysis followed by
counter. re-distillation.
The detection limit is defined as the smallest amount of radioactivity that can be reliably
detected, i.e., probability of Type I and Type II error at 5 percent each (DOE 1981).
Gamma spectrometry using a high purity intrinsic germanium (HpGe) detector.

Typical MDA
Values for Gamma
Spectroscopy
( 1 00 minute count time)




Isotope

Be-7
K-40
Cr-51
Mn-54
Co-57
Co-58
Fe-59
Co-60
Zn-65
Nb-95
Zr-95
Marinelli
Water
3.5 liter

MDA

4.56E+01
4.92E+01
5.88E+01
4.55E+01
9.65E+00
4.71E+00
1.07E-KH
5.38E+00
1.24E+01
5.64E+00
9.06E+00
Model
Density
Units

Isotope
Ru-106
Sn-113
Sb-125
1-131
Ba-133
Cs-134
Cs-137
Ce-144
Eu-152
Ra-226
U-235
Am-241
430G
l.Og/mL
pCi/L

MDA
4.76E+01
8.32E+00
1.65E+01
8.28E+00
9.16E+00
6.12E+00
6.43E+00
7.59E+01
2.86E+01
1.58E+01
1.01E+02
6.60E+01
          15

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                                                  Appendix B
                        Gamma/Tritium Results for Water Samples Collected in April 2007
                  Collection
oil    •
Sample Location
                    2007
    Enriched                  Tritium
    Tritium
pCi/L   ±   2SD   MDC    pCi/L    *   2SD
Conimenls
                                                                          MDC
Off-Site sampling locations
Baxterville City Well
Lower Little Creek #1
Lower Little Creek #2
Lumberton City Well #2
Purvis City Supply Well
City Well 46-003-5-6-7
James D Lowe Pond
Howard Smith Pond
Thompson Blue Store


Greenville Comm Or
Nobles Pond
B R Anderson Pond

4-16
4-16
4-16
4-17 10 ± 56<"
4-17 25 ± 50"'
4-17
4-16 163 ± 69
4-16
4-16 19 ± 56"'


4-16
4-16
4-16




(92)
(82)

(II)

(94)






110
91
73


30

73



36
85
122

±
±
±


±

±



±
±
±

182"»
182">
181"'


180"'

178(a)



180"'
18I("
182"'

(296)
(296)
(296)


(296)

(296)



(296)
(296)
(296)









Background
sample for
HUB water



la) Indicates results are less than MDC
(b> No gamma radionuclides detected above MDC
ND - Non-detected, MDC for gamma represents '"Cs (pCi/L)
MDC - Minimum Detectable Concentration
Appendix B

Gamma/Tritium Results
for
Collection .
•Mirirhpfl
Sample Location

Oil-Site sampling locations
Well E-7
Half Moon pre
Crock Post
Half Moon Crk
Overflow pre
Half Moon Crk
Overflow Post
Well HMH-5R Pre
Post
Well HMH-I6R pre
Post
Well HM-S pre
Post
Well HM-L Pre
l"30Mm
2nd 30 Mm
31" 30 Mm
4* 30 Mm
Post
Uale 	
2007 Tritium
pCi/L ± 2 SD

4-16 25 ± 50"'
4-16 11 ± 53
4-17 90 ± 52

4-16

4-17
4-16
4-17
4-16 30 ±50
4-17 39 ±56
4-16
4-17
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-16 5.7 ± 53'"

MDC

(82)
(83)
(83)






(73)
(79)







(86)
Water Samples
Collected in
April 2007
Tritium

pCi/L





-48

101
2839
2865


434
450
310
352
101
-83
83


±





±

±
±
±


±
±
±
±
±
±
±


2SD





180"'

183"'
156
157


11
10
188
189
183"'
179"'
183"'


MDC





(298)

(298)
(170)
(170)


(92)
(88)
(298)
(298)
(298)
(298)
(298)

Comments









3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)






Gamma
Spcclronictry (b)
pCi/L MDC
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
(49)
(47)
(38)
(49)
(50)
(49)
(38)
(48)
(46)
(49)
(42)
(49)
                                                                                                    Gamma
                                                                                                 Spcclronictry ""
                                                                                                  pCi/L MOC
                                                                                              ND
                                                                                              ND
                                                                                              ND

                                                                                              ND

                                                                                              ND
                                                                           (49)
                                                                           (49)
                                                                           (38)

                                                                           (50)

                                                                           (49)
                                                                                              ND
                                                                                              ND
                                                                                              ND
                                                                                              ND
                                                                                              ND
                                                                                              ND
                                                                           (37)
                                                                           (48)
                                                                           (49)
                                                                           (4.6)
                                                                           (40)
                                                                           (50)
                                             16

-------
Well HM-1
Pre 4-16
l"30Mm 4-16
2" 30 Mm 4-16
3ri30Mm 4-16
Post 4-16
Well HM-2A Pre 4-16
l"30Mm 4-16
2"d30Min 4-16
S-'SOMm 4-16
Post 4-16
Well HM-2B Pre 4-16
l"30Min 4-16
Post 4-16
Well HMO Pre 4-16
l"30Min 4-16
2nd 30 Mm 4-16
3rd 30 Mm 4-16
Post 4-16
RECCo Pit Dramage-A 4. i g
RECCo Pit Dramage-B 4- 1 8
RECCo Pit Dramage-C 4-18
HM-L2 Pre 4-17
Post 4-17
Pond West of GZ Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SAI-l-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SA1-2-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SA1-3-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SAI-4-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SAI-5-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SA1-6-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SAI-7-H Pre 4-16
Post 4. 17
SAI-8-L 4-18
SAM 1-3 4-18
SAI-12-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SA2-1-L 4-18
SA2-2-L 4-18
SA2-4-L 4-18
SA3-4-H Pre 4-16
Post 4-17
SA3-11-3
SA4-5-L
SA5-4-4
SA5-5-4
Frac Tank
Frac Tank Filter
4-19
4-19
4-19
4-19
4-20
4-20
52
57
42
-38
2.9
27
-2 1
76
86
96
96
47
18
94
12

46
-1 1

15

±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±

±

5 3"' (8 6)
-95
53
-101
5.3(1) (8 6)
11
-47
00
85
-63
179
115
55
5 5(" (9 0)
46
80
102
4 4"' (7 5)
5 3(" (8 6)
-12
-29
5 3"' (8 6)
4 5"' (7 6)
5 4"' (9 0)
SO (80)
6212
5002
851
721
422
246
46
-59
164
123
46 (73)
46 (73)
-87
-59
48 (79)
55 (90)
-47
-105
-86
-160
53 (84)
46 (72)

47
49"'

50

6 1
(7 7) 84
(81)
88
(78)

± 179"' (298)
± 180<" (298)
± 179"' (298)
± |81(1) (298)
± 180"' (298)
± 181"' (298)
± 168"' (276)
± 166"' (276)
± 171"' (276)
± 169"' (276)
± 168"' (276)
± 168"' (276)
± 169"' (276)
± 169"' (276)
± I67"> (276)
± I67"> (276)
± 202 (170)
± 187 (170)
± 121 (170)
± 232 (361)
± 227 (361)
± 224"' (361)
± 220"' (361)
± 219"' (361)
± 222'" (361)
± 221"' (361)
± 218"' (361)
± 221"' (361)
± 218"' (361)
± 217"' (361)
± 186"' (311)
± 185"' (311)
± 189 (311)
± 137"' (223)

± 221(i) (361)

Gamma
ND (5 0)
ND (4.9)
ND (4 9)
ND (4 5)
ND (5 0)
ND (5 0)
ND (5 0)
ND (4 0)
ND (3.9)
ND (4.9)
ND (4 9)
ND (4 9)
ND (5 0)
ND (5 0)
ND (4 9)
ND (4 8)
ND (4 9)
ND (4 4)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
ND (5 0)
ND (3 7)
ND (4 9)
ND (5 0)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 II (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
ND (5 0)
ND (5 0)
3 H (only)
3 H (only)
ND (4 2)
ND (4.1)
ND Not sampled
3 11 (only)
3 H (only)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
suspended ND
(44)
(49)
(16)
(4.6)
(49)
(Nol Required)
(a> Indicates results are less than MDC
(b) No gamma radionuchdes detected above MDC
ND - Non-detected, MDC for gamma represents 137Cs (pCi/L)
MDC - Minimum Detectable Concentration
                                                                                   Only    water niter
                                                    17

-------
                               Appendix C


Standard Operating Procedures for the Center for Environmental Restoration, Monitoring &
Emergency Response

CER-203    Standard Operating Procedure for the Long-Term Hydrological Monitoring Program.
                    Standard Operating Procedures for the
                 Center for Radioanalysis & Quality Assurance
RQA-302   Standard Operating Procedures of Gamma-Ray Detector Systems.

RQA-602   Tritium Enrichment Procedure.

RQA-603   Standard Operating Procedure for 89Sr and 90Sr in Water, Air Filters and Milk.

RQA-604   Standard Operating Procedure of Convention Tritium in Water.

RQA-606   Analysis of Plutonium, Uranium and Thorium in Environmental Samples by Alpha
           Spectroscopy.
                                     18

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