United States       Office of       EPA 520/5-83-014
              Environmental Protection   Radiation Programs   December 1982
              Agency         Washington DC 20460
               Radiation
s>EPA        Environmental Radiation Data
              Report 31
               (July - September 1982)

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ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
                               REPORT 31
                               APRIL 1983
            UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY






                     Office of Radiation Programs

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                                Preface
     Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled  and  distributed
quarterly  by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation  Facility  (EERF),  Montgomery,   Alabama.   Data  from  the
Environmental   Radiation  Ambient  Monitoring  System  (ERAMS),  and
similar networks operated by contributing  States,  Canada,  Mexico,  and
the  Pan  American  Health  Organization  are  reported in (ERD) when
available.

     ERAMS was established in  1973  by  the  U.   S.   Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP).  The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations  that provide air,  surface,
and   drinking  water  and  milk  samples   from  which  environmental
radiation levels are derived.  The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of  long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.

     1.   Sampling  locations  are  selected   to   provide   optimal
population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices  and  other  forms  of  radioactive  contamination   of   the
environment.

     2.  The  radiation analyses performed on  these  samples  include
gross  alpha  and  gross  beta  levels,  gamma  analyses  for fission
products and  specific analyses  for  uranium,  plutonium,  strontium,
iodine,  radium,  krypton   and  tritium.  This monitoring effort also
serves   to  provide  ancillary  information  on  releases  into   the
environment   from  stationary sources  such as nuclear  power reactors,
fuel fabrication  and  reprocessing  plants  and   natural  background
levels.

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             ENVIRONMENTAL   RADIATION

                                DATA
                                CONTENTS
                                                                 Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures

     - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum
       Detectable Levels
iil
DATA - ERAMS
     SECTION I.  Air Program
                   1.  Airborne Particulates
                       and Precipitation

                   2.  Plutonium and Uranium in
                       Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

                   3.  Krypton-85
     SECTION II. Water Program

                   1.  Surface Water

                   2.  Drinking Water

                   3.  Radon in Drinking Water


     SECTION III.    External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
  1

  1


 10


 13


 15

 15

 20

 24


 37

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     SECTION IV.    Milk Program                                     40




                   1.   Pasteurized Milk                             40




                   2.   Tritium in Milk                              40




                   4.   Carbon-14 in Milk                            41







DATA - STATE AGENCIES                                               49




     1.  Indiana Pasteurized Milk Program                           49




     2.  Iowa Water Analysis and Milk Analysis                      50
                                   11

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                            DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
     The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing
the  Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide
continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for  the
public.  Therefore,  new  data reporting procedures were developed to
allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant  change
in  this  reporting  procedure  is  that  all  specific  radionuclide
analyses will be reported as the counting results  indicate,  whether
the number is negative, zero, or positive.

Reporting Rationale

     Frequently, concentrations of a  radionuclide  in  environmental
media  are  close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero,  the  net  counting  results  should  statistically  show  a
distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs
when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has  only
background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported
numerically when the results were less  than  a  specified  reporting
level  or  minimum  detectable level. The present reporting procedure
allows all the  data  to  be  reported  and  evaluated  statistically
without  an  arbitrary  cutoff  of  small  or  negative numbers. This
approach will facilitate estimates of bias in  the  nuclide  analyses
and  will  allow  better  evaluation  of  distributions and trends in
environmental data.

     When reviewing the  data  in  this  report,  caution  should  be
exercised  in  the  interpretation  of  individual  negative  values.
Obviously,  a  negative  activity  value  does  not   have   physical
significance.  Such  numbers,  however,  are  significant  when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the  true  value
of   a  distribution  is  near  zero.  When  an  average  of  several
measurements produces a result  less  than  zero,  this  indicates  a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.

           (1) Reported Values

          Specific Analyses  - All specific radionuclide analyses will
     be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
     is negative, zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of
     sample collection date.

          Gross Analyses - The actual value  of  gross  radioactivity
     measurements  "will  be  reported,  unless the value is below the
     minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigraa confidence  level,
     then  < minimum detectable level will be reported.
                                   111

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     MDL is defined as the 3 sigraa error of  the  background.   A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.

     (2) Reported Error Terms

     Each  reported  value  for  specific   analyses    will   be
accompanied  by  a  counting  error  term  at  the 2  sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined  by
specific  activity  analyses. Error terms are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very  low  levels  characteristic  of
most   ERAMS   measurements,  counting  error  is  the  greatest
contributor to overall error.

     (3) Significant Figures

     All reported values will be rounded to no more  than  three
significant   figures.  The  last  significant  figure  will  be
increased by one if the figure following  is  five  or  greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.

     (4) Reporting Levels

     The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1.
Smallest increments  are  sometimes  considerably  smaller  than
minimum   detectable  amounts  to  avoid  truncation   errors  in
averaging.

     (5) Averages

     Averages will be calculated along  with  appropriate  error
terms  in  an  annual  summary  and  analysis  of ERAMS data.  In
calculating  these  averages,  all  values  of  individual  data
including  negative  numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be included in ERD quarterly reports.

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                       TABLE 1




ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels




                for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross alpha
Gross beta


Tritium

Carbon-14
Krypton-85
Plutonium-238,
239


Uranium-234,
235,238


Radium-226
Strontium-90

Reporting
Media Units
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Milk
Ambient Air
Air
Milk
Water
Air
Milk
Water
Water
Milk
Water
pCi/1
pCi/m3
pCi/1
nCi/m2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCl/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/m3
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pGi/1
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 PCi/l
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(a)
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 pCi/1
2 pCi/m3
.015 PCi(b>
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1

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Radionu elide
Strontium-89
Iodine-131


Iodine-129
Iodine-127
Cesiutn-137

Barium-140

Potassium

Potassium-40
Media
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCl/1
pCl/1
pCi/1
radiochemical
fCi/1
g/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
8/1
8/1
pCl/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis)
.1 fCi/1
10 g/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
•1 8/1
.1 8/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
5 pCi/l(c)
10 pCi/l(c
10 pCi/l(c
.4 pCi/1
.4 fCi/1
10 g/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c
10 pCi/l(c
.12 g/1
.12 g/1
100 pCi/1
(a)  The value in terms of nCi/m2  would be dependent on precipitation (mm)
(b)  This value in terms of pCi/m3 would be dependent on the air volume.
(c)  Activity as of the day of counting.
                                    VI

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                                                           DATA - EPA
                         ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
                    AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM  (ERAMS)
SECTION  I.  Air Program

                Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

     Gross  beta   radioactivity  measurements  and  certain  specific
analyses  are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as  indicator measurements in assessing the general  (national)  impact
of  all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.

     Airborne  particulates  are  collected  continuously  at   field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
potential sources  of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites  are
located  throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.

     Filters ( 10-cm  diameter  synthetic  fiber ) from  air samplers
are  changed  twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
survey meter at 5  hours and 29 hours after collection  to  allow  for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail  depending  on  the
activity levels found.

     The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive  analyses  in  a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
showing  laboratory gross  beta  counts  greater than  1  pCi/m . The
lower  gross  beta  values  reported  for laboratory measurements are
largely due to the decay of radionuclides which  occurred between the
times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.

     Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations  where
air  filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they  are  composited  monthly  for  tritium,  gross  beta   activity
measurements and gamma scans.

     These locations also  correspond  to  airborne  particulate  and
drinking  water  sampling  locations selected for plutonium analyses.
Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235,  and  -238  analyses  are
performed  annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.

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     Tables  2-4  present   the   monthly    average    gross    beta
concentrations in airborne particulates  for July  - September  1982.

     Tables  5-7  present   the   monthly    average    gross    beta
concentration in precipitation for July  - September 1982.

     The specific gamma results  will  be  published when  they  are
available. A compilation of individual measurements is  available from
the EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL   36193.

     The tritium in precipitation samples for July -  September  1982
at the selected stations are shown in Table 8.

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                             TABLE 2

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                            JULY 1982

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                   	5-=HR'TiTEEir       EERF LAB
                          ESTIMATE         MEASUREMENT
LOCATION        # SAM   MAX  MIN  AVG    MAX   MIN   AVG
                          (pCi/m3)          (pCi/m3)

 ALrMONTGOMERY       9   0.9  0.2  0.4   0.01  0.00  0.01
 CArBERKELEY         9   0.1  0.0  0.1   0.01  0.00  0.01
 CA:LOS ANGELES      9   0.8  0.2  0.4   0.02  0.01  0.01
 CT:HARTFORD         9   0.4  0.1  0.2   0.01  0.01  0.01
 DE:WILMINGTON       7   0.7  0.0  0.2   0.01  0.01  0.01
 FL:JACKSONVILLE     8   0.1  0.0  0.1   0.01  0.00  0.01
 FLtMIAMI            9   0.1  0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00  0.01
 HI HONOLULU         9   0.1  0.0  0.0   0.02  0.00  0.01
 IA:IOWA CITY        9   1.1  0.0  0.3   0.03  0.01  0.01
 IDiBOISE            9   0.5  0.1  0.3   0.02  0.01  0.01
 ID:IDAHO FALLS      9   NM   NM   NM    0.02  0.01  0.01
 ILrCHICAGO          9   0.6  0.1  0.3   0.02  0.01  0.01
 KS:TOPEKA           5   1.3  0.1  0.5   0.03  0.00  0.01
 ME:AUGUSTA          9   0.5  0.1  0.2   0.02  0.01  0.01
 MI-.LANSING          9   0.6  0.2  0.3   0.04  0.01  0.03
 MN -.MINNEAPOLIS      9   0.6  0.1  0.3   0.02  0.01  0.01
 MO:JEFFERSON CITY   9   1.1  0.2  0.4   0.05  0.01  0.02
 MS: JACKSON          9   0.5  0.2  0.3   0.03  0.01  0.02
 NC-.CHARLOTTE        3   0.3  0.1  0.2   0.06  0.01  0.03
 ND:BISMARCK         6   0.7  0.1  0.4   0.02  0.01  0.01
 NH-.CONCORD          9   7.4  0.7  3.1   0.01  0.00  0.01
 NJ:TRENTON          9   0.6  0.1  0.3   0.01  0.00  0.01
 NV-.LAS VEGAS        9   1.1  0.3  0.6   0.02  0.01  0.01
 NY-.ALBANY           9   0.4  0.1  0.2   0.02  0.01  0.01
 NY:NEW YORK. CITY    9   0.2  0.1  0.1   0.02  0.01  0-.01
 NY:NIAGARA FALLS    9   0.7  0.1  0.2   0,01  0.00  0.01
 NY:SYRACUSE         9   1.7  0.1  0.5   0.02  0.01  0.01
 OH:COLUMBUS         9   1.1  0.3  0.6   0.02  0.01  0.02
 OHrPAINESVILLE      9   0.6  0.2  0.4   0.03  0.01  0.01
 OH:TOLEDO           9   0.8  0.1  0.4   0.02  0.01  0.02
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY    4   0.6  0.3  0.4   0.01  0.01  0.01
 OR:PORTLAND         9   NM  NM   NM    0.02  0.00  0.01
 PA:HARRISBURG       12   1.7  0.2  0.9   0.02  0.01  0.02
 PA:PITTSBURGH       9   0.4  0.2  0.3   0.02  0.01  0.01
 RI:PROVIDENCE       7   0.3  0.1  0.2   0.02  0.01  0.01
 SC:BARNWELL         3   0.1  0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00  0.01
 SCrCOLUMBIA         9   0.6  0.1  0.3   0.03  0.01  0.01
 SD:PIERRE           9   1.9  0.2  0.7   0.02  0.01  0.02
 TX'AUSTIN           9   1.4  0.8  1.0   0.04  0.01  0.02
 TX:EL PASO          8   0.9  0.3  0.6   0.02  0.01  0.01
 VA:LYNCHBURG        9   1.1  0.2  0.6   0.02  0.01  0.01
 WA:SEATTLE          9   0.1  0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00  0.00
 WA:SPOKANE          9   0.5  0.2  0.3   0.02  0.01  0.01
 WIrMADISON          9   1.8  0.1  0.4   0.01  0.00  0.01
 WY:CHEYENNE         1   1.0  0.2  1.0   0.01  0.01  0.01

 MINIMUM  DETECTABLE  LIMIT FOR  FIELD ESTIMATES -  .1  pCi/m3
 MINIMUM  DETECTABLE  LIMIT FOR  LAB  MEASUREMENT -  .01 pCi/m3

 NM   NO  MEASUREMENT         3

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                             TABLE 3

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                           AUGUST 1982

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
LOCATION
 AL:MONTGOMERY
 CA:BERKELEY
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CT:HARTFORD
 DE:WILMINGTON
 FL:JACKSONVILLE
 FL:MIAMI
 HI:HONOLULU
 IA.-IOWA CITY
 ID:BOISE
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 ME:AUGUSTA
 MIrLANSING
 MNMINNEAPOLIS
 MO:JEFFERSON CITY
 MS:JACKSON
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:BISMARCK
 NH:CONCORD
 NJ:TRENTON
 NM:SANTA FE
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NY:ALBANY
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:NIAGARA FALLS
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OH:PAINESVILLE
 OH:TOLEDO
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA:HARRISBURG
 PA:PITTSBURGH
 RI:PROVIDENCE
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
 TX:AUSTIN
 TX:EL PASO
 VA:LYNCHBURG
 WA:SEATTLE
 WA: SPOKANE
 WI:MADISON
SAM
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
9
9
9
9
7
7
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
r 9
9
7
9
9
8
6
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
9
9
13
9
9
1
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
8
0.9
0.2
0.9
0.5
3.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
1.5
0.4
NM
0.9
0.3
2.6
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.4
1.1
2.1
4.4
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
0.6
0.8
NM
1.9
1.0
0.4
0.6
0.7
1.9
1.9
0.9
0.7
0.1
0.6
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
NM
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
NM
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.7
0.4
NM
0.4
0.2
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.6
1.6
2.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
NM
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.8
1.3
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.5
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD  ESTIMATES  -  .1  pCi/m ,
 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT  -  .01 pCl/m"
 NM   NO MEASUREMENT

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LOCATION
             TABLE 4

      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
         SEPTEMBER 1982

      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
         5-m FIELD         EERF LAB
          ESTIMATE         MEASUREMENT
# SAM   MAX  MIN  AVG    MAX   MIN   AVG
 AL:MONTGOMERY
 CA:BERKELEY
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CTrHARTFORD
 DE:WILMINGTON
 FL:JACKSONVILLE
 FL:MIAMI
 HI:HONOLULU
 IA:IOWA CITY
 ID:BOISE
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 ME:AUGUSTA
 MN: MINNEAPOLIS
 MO .'JEFFERSON CITY
 MS:JACKSON
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:BISMARCK
 NH:CONCORD
 NJ:TRENTON
 NM:SANTA FE
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NY:ALBANY
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:NIAGARA FALLS
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OH:PAINESVILLE
 OH:TOLEDO
 OR:PORTLAND
 PArHARRISBURG
 PA PITTSBURGH
 RI:PROVIDENCE
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
 TX:AUSTIN
 TX:EL PASO
 VA:LYNCHBURG
 WA:SEATTLE
 WA:SPOKANE
 WI:MADISON
(pCi/m3)
8
8
7
9
8
4
8
8
9
9
9
7
9
7
8
9
1
7
8
9
2
9
8
8
8
9
9
7
9
8
12
8
6
2
8
9
9
5
8
8
9
9
1.6
0.2
1.3
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.7
NM
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.9
1.0
1.2
8.6
0.6
0.4
1.5
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.9
1.2
NM
2.3
1.2
0.3
NM
1.2
1.3
3.1
1.4
2.2
0.6
0.6
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
NM
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
NM
0.3
0.2
0.2
NM
0.2
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.4
NM
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.7
2.6
0.2
0.3
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.6
NM
1.0
0.7
0.2
NM
0.6
0.7
1.6
0.9
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.4
(PCi/m3)
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m
NM   NO MEASUREMENT

-------
                      TABLE 5


     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION


                     JULY 1982
 LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MIrLANSING
MS -.JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH'
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
VA:LYNCHBURG
WV:CHARLESTON
DEPTH
(mm)
65.0
9.5
30.0
169.8
36.8
4.5
115.7
72.6
13.0
27.8
72.1
28.5
28.4
39.4
31.9
22.2
45.0
40.0
150.0
106.3
98.4
18.7
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.10
0.04
0.04
0.47
0.07
0.02
0.13
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.16
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.12
0.15
0.08
0.08
0.38
0.30
0.36
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.01
   SPECIFIC
  GAMMA ACT,


(pCi/1)

  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
NA   GAMMA ACTIVITY RESULTS NOT AVAILABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                      TABLE 6
     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                    AUGUST 1982
 LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL: JACKSONVILLE
IDrBOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH
(mm)
33.8
36.0
22.3
137.3
2.0
13.5
64.6
43.9
1.3
28.4
31.5
26.5
77.5
6.2
55.0
25.0
77.5
6.5
57.5
132.5
2.6
98.4
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.02
0.08
0.06
0.23
0.02
0.04
0.11
0.05
0.01
0.14
0.09
0.02
0.19
0.03
0.21
0.12
0.13
0.04
0.24
0.28
0.01
0.40
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.07
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.05
0 .00
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.08
0.00
0.07
   SPECIFIC
  GAMMA ACT.


(pCl/1)

  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
NA   GAMMA ACTIVITY RESULTS NOT AVAILABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                      TABLE 7

     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                   SEPTEMBER 1982
 LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO :DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
WV:CHARLESTON
DEPTH   ACT.  + 2s
                     (mm)   (nCi/i
   SPECIFIC
  GAMMA ACT,

(pCi/1)
13.0
2.6
6.1
10.5
29.9
50.0
44.5
44.8
9.5
82.3
15.5
40.3
27.7
52.5
25.5
125.6
94.3
15.0
55.8
46.3
7.3
50.0
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.16
0.03
0.14
0.08
0.03
0.13
0.07
0.50
0.04
0.08
0.03
0.32
0.21
0.01
0.14
0.17
0.02
0.25
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.07
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA   GAMMA ACTIVITY RESULTS NOT AVAILABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                       8

-------
                         TABLE 8

                      PRECIPITATION
                  TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                  JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982
LOCATION

AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MIrLANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
WV:CHARLESTON
JULY
nCi/1
0.
+
2
AUGUST
2s nCi/1
0
.2
NS
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
NS
0.
0.
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
4
3
2
3
3
0
2

2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

.2
.2
0
+
.4
SEPTEMBER
2s nCi/1
0
.2
NS
NS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
.6
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
+
4
5
2
2
2
3
2
3
5
5
2s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
NS
0.
0.
NS
0.
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
3
3

5
2

4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0

0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

.2
.2

.2
NS   NO SAMPLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
             Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates

     Environmental radiation levels  of  plutonium  and  uranium  are
determined  by  the  analyses  of  quarterly  composite  samples (air
filters)  collected  from   the   continuously   operating   airborne
particulate  samplers.  The number of continuously operating stations
is being increased from the original 22  will  eventually  number  67
when all equipment is operational.

     Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by  liquid  ion  exchange,  and  coprecipitation  of the plutonium or
uranium.

     Concentration of the specific isotopes of  plutonium-238,   -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to  40,000  m3
for each quarterly composite.

     Plutonium and .uranium in airborne particulates data for April  -
June  1982 are shown for the 42 stations operating during this  period
in Table 9.
                              10

-------
                                        TABLE  9
                       PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                                APRIL  - JUNE 1982 COMPOSITES
                    238
                       Pu
             239,
 LOCATION

 AL:MONTGOMERY
 CA:BERKELEY
 CA:LOS  ANGELES
 CT:HARTFORD
 DE:DOVER
 FL: JACKSONVILLE
 FL:MIAMI
 HI:HONOLULU
 IA:IOWA CITY
 ID:BOISE
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 KS:TOPEKA
 ME:AUGUSTA
 MI:LANSING
 MNrMINNEAPOLIS
 MO:JEFFERSON CITY
 MS:JACKSON
 ND:BISMARCK
 NH:CONCORD
 NJ:TRENTON
 NV:LAS  VEGAS
 NY:ALBANY
 NY:NEW  YORK CITY
 NY:NIAGARA FALLS
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OH:PAINESVILLE
 OH:TOLEDO
 OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA:HARRISBURG
 PA PITTSBURGH
 RI:PROVIDENCI
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
aCi/m3+2s aCi/m3+ 2s
       234u       235u         238L

aCi/m3+ 2s  aCI/m3+ 2s  aCi/m3+ 2s
0.2
0.9
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.5
1.9
1.6
0.2
2.3
1.5
0.4
0.6
0.3
1.3
0.2
0.6
1.6
-1.0
-0.1
0.1
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.2
1.2
0.4
0.6
1.8
0.5
0.9
0.7
0.4
-0.1
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.5
-0.1
0.3
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.3
0.8
1.3
1.5
0.2
0.9
1.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.9
0.4
0.8
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.1
0.5
0.7
1.5
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.7
4.3
1.7
4.7
3.1
2.2
5.2
3.6
3.2
5.7
5.2
7.9
5.4
3.0
6.8
8.6
4.4
4.7
4.2
3.5
5.0
2.4
6.9
3.4
3.2
4.2
6.0
5.7
4.2
3.5
3.1
2.3
3.6
6.1
4.4
3.5
3.3
3.6
2.9
5.9
4.4
3.2
5.3
4.5
4.4
1.1
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.9
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.3
1.2
2.7
2.1
0.8
1.6
2.5
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.5
1.0
0.9
1.4
0.9
1.3
2.3
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.1
0.8
1.8
1.4
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
13
8
30
20
13
22
19
6
21
17
53
40
9
19
52
19
15
26
48
10
13
89
47
30
52
45
40
37
39
20
11
23
56
.2
.6
.1
.7
.2
.4
.7
.0
.7
.8
.9
.7
.9
.7
.3
.9
.6
.3
.5
.5
.5
.5
.9
.4
.4
.7
.8
.5
.7
.1
.8
.7
.9
16.1
17.8
26.7
27
.5
19.4
93.8
74.1
10.6
23.6
21.7
46.2
2.4
2.3
5.3
3.6
2.6
3.9
3.8
1.7
4.3
3.1
10.5
20.4
1.9
3.4
10.1
3.7
2.7
5.1
10.1
2.3
3.6
12.9
11.1
6.2
8.8
7.6
6.4
5.5
6.3
5.5
2.2
4.8
10.1
2.9
3.7
4.7
5.4
3.6
15.5
10.6
2.1
3.9
3.9
8.2
0.2
0.7
1.3
1.0
0.1
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.8
2.7
1.2
0.2
0.6
3.8
1.2
0.5
1.7
2.2
0.1
1.0
2.6
1.2
2.0
1.7
1.3
1.7
1.0
1.1
-0.1
0.7
0.6
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.8
1.1
3.3
1.7
0.3
1.2
0.6
2.9
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.4
1.5
2.6
0.3
0.4
1.8
0.7
0.3
0.9
1.4
0.2
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.3
0.5
0.5
1.2
15
7
26
22
11
20
15
5
20
17
53
64
11
22
45
23
15
21
51
12
13
50
48
21
56
47
38
36
.4
.4
.7
.8
.6
.5
.9
.2
.9
.8
.6
.2
.6
.5
.2
.7
.9
.4
.3
.3
.6
.9
.2
.3
.2
.6
.9
.2
41.4
23
9
18
.5
.8
.8
58.2
15
.4
16.4
27
.0
26.9
18.1
81
10
.2
.3
10.8
26.2
20.9
43.1
2.7
2.0
4.8
3.9
2.4
3.6
3.2
1.5
4.2
3.1
10.4
28.9
2.2
3.8
9.0
4.3
2.7
4.4
10.5
2.5
3.7
8.0
11.2
4.7
9.3
7.8
6.1
5.3
6.5
5.9
1.9
4.0
10.3
2.8
3.5
4.8
5.3
3.4
13.6
2.0
2.2
4.2
3.7
7.8
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                      11

-------
                               Krypton-85

     Krypton-85 Is a long-lived noble gas with a half  life  of  10.8
years.  It  is  released  into  the  atmosphere  by  nuclear  reactor
operations,  fuel  fabrication,  fuel   reprocessing,   and   nuclear
detonations.  Krypton-85  also  occurs  naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84  as  well  as
spontaneous   fission   and   neutron-induced   fission  of  uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the  atmosphere  has  been  conducted  to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.

     Krypton-85  analysis  began  in   January   1973   with   sample
collections  and  analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of  the
United  States  with  considerations  being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing  plants,  nuclear  reactors,  and  wide  geographic
coverage.

     Dry compressed air samples,  collected  at  each  location,  are
purchased  from  commercial air suppliers semiannually and shipped to
the EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and  counted
in a liquid scintillation system.

     The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available
                                12

-------
                                                           DATA - EPA
                                 ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program

     The ERAMS water  program  provides  ambient  radiation  data  to
assess  the  effects  of  the  nuclear  power  industry,  the natural
radiation environment, and other  nuclear  sources  on  the  nation's
rivers, streams and drinking water supplies.

                             Surface Water

     Grab  samples  are  taken  quarterly  at  58  stations   located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.

     Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses  quarterly
and   gamma  scans  annually.  Tritium  is  the  primary  radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.

     Tritium concentrations are determined  by  liquid  scintillation
counting  of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.

     Tritium concentrations for surface  water  samples  for  July
September 1982 are given in Table 10.
                                   13

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                                  TABLE 10

                               SURFACE WATER
                           TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                           JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982
 LOCATION

AL:DECATUR
AL:DOTHAN
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:CLAY STATION
CA:DIABLO CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
CO:GREELEY
CTrEAST HADDAM
CT:WATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL:HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
IL:MARSEILLES
ILrMOLINE
IL:MORRIS
IL:OREGON
IL:OREGON
IL:ZION
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
MD:CONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:BRIDGMAN
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI .-MONROE
MI:SOUTH HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MN:RED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NE:RULO
NJ:BAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
NY:OSSINING
NY:OSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
    SOURCE

TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
TENNESSEE RIVER
FOLSOM S. CANAL
PACIFIC OCEAN
HUMBOLDT BAY
PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
ROCK RIVER
ROCK RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CATAWBA RIVER
MISSOURI RIVER
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
COLORADO RIVER
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
  DATE
COLLECTED

 7/ 6/82
 7/ 8/82
 II 7/82
 7/15/82
 7/16/82
 II 8/82
 7/27/82
 II 9/82
 7/22/82
 9/15/82
 7/13/82
 7/13/82
 7/14/82
 II 6/82
 7/ 9/82
 8/15/82
 8/15/82
 9/15/82
 9/30/82
 9/30/82
 9/30/82
 II 6/82
 II 7/82
 7/13/82
 7/20/82
 II 6/82
 7/ 6/82
 7/10/82
 7/12/82
 II 6/82
 8/ 5/82
 7/13/82
 7/27/82
 7/19/82
 If 8/82
 7/13/82
 II 8/82
 7/ 7/82
 9/ 1/82
 8/15/82
 7/ 7/82
 7/ 6/82
nCi/1

 0.5
 0.3
 0.5
 0.2
 0.1
 0.2
 0.2
 1.3
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 0.2
 0.3
 0.4
 0.5
 0.3
 0.4
 0.2
 0.3
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 0.2
 0.3
 0.1
 0.4
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.4
 0.5
 0.3
 0.2
 0.1
+  2s

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                                     14

-------
 LOCATION

OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
SCrALLENDALE
SC:BROAD RIVER
SC:HARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TNrKINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
TX:MATAGORDA
VA:DOSWELL
VA:NEWPORT NEWS
VTrVERNON
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
                             TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)

                               SURFACE WATER
                           TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                           JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982
    SOURCE

COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
SAVANNAH RIVER
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
COLORADO RIVER
NORTH ANNA RIVER
JAMES RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
8/14/82
7/14/82
7/15/82
11 2/82
7/19/82
8/ 3/82
9/20/82
7/28/82
9/24/82
7/ 9/82
8/14/82
9/29/82
7/15/82
7/ 7/82
7/15/82
8/24/82

nCi/1
0.4
0.2
3.9
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.2
2.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
±  2s

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                     15

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                             Drinking Water

     The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant  to  the  effects  of  the  nuclear  power industry,  natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources.  These  data  serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations,  and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA  "National  Interim  Primary  Drinking
Water   Regulations."  These  regulations  provide  for  approval  of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228  levels  do  not
exceed  5  pCi/1,  when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when  tritium  levels  do  not  exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.

     Grab samples are taken  at  78  sites  which  are  either  major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.

     The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b)  gross
alpha,  gross  beta,  and  strontium-90  on  annual composites (gamma
analyses are performed if the gross beta activity is greater than  10
pCi/1; radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2
pCi/1; and  radium-228  analyses  are  performed  if  the  radium-226
activity  falls  between  3  and  5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is
performed on one quarterly sample per year for each  station  (d)  an
annual composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, on
22  selected  sampling  locations   corresponding   to   continuously
operating air particulate stations.

     Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of  the
distilled  samples,  gross  beta;  and  gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226  by
the  standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.

     The results of tritium in drinking water  analyses  for  July  -
September 1982 are shown in Table 11.

     Iodine-131 concentration in drinking water for 1982 is shown  in
Table 12.
     All samples were  taken  as  either  a  single  grab  sample  or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
                      Radon.^222 in Drinking Water
     Radon-222 in drinking water has  previously  been  considered  a
source  of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint.
The Office of Radiation Programs  (ORP)  of  the  U.S.  Environmental
Protection  Agency  (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to
evaluate  the  possibility  that  a  major  pathway  from  inhalation
exposure  may exist in addition to the ingestion pathway. As an inert

                                    16

-------
gas,  radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently  can
be  released  during  any  operation  that aerates or agitates water.
Depending  upon  the  initial  concentration  of  radon   in   water,
significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the
general environment.

      To determine the scope of this  potential  problem,  a  national
ground  water  sampling  program  has  been  initiated by the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility  (EERF)  to  obtain  data  on  radon
concentrations  in  water  supplies  throughout the country. Sampling
kits  have been assembled by EERF and  distributed  to  various  state
health  departments.  The kit is designed so that state personnel can
collect samples from potable water supplies and  ship  them,  without
loss  of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis.

      The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by  two
separate  methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from
all groundwater supplies. serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in
which  the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to
be sampled is left to the discretion  of  the  state  programs.   Each
state  is  asked  to obtain a representative sampling of ground  water
supplies within its boundaries. The extent of  the  sampling  efforts
and  how  representative the data are for a given state is determined
primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program.

     The concentrations of radon in water are determined at the   EERF
by  liquid  scintillation  counting.  The limit of detection for this
technique using a 50-minute count and a 10-ml sample is 0.16  pCi  or
16 pci/1.

     The sampling kits are being provided to the various states  on  a
rotating schedule.  This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within
approximately two years.

     Data will be published as it becomes available.
                                   17

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                       TABLE  11

                    DRINKING  WATER
                 TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                 JULY  - SEPTEMBER 1982
  LOCATION

AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
ALrMUSCLE SHOALS
AL:SCOTTSBORO
CA:BERKELEY
CA.-LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
MA:LAWRENCE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MItGRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
DATE
COLLECTED
7/19/82
11 8/82
11 9/82
11 6/82
11 7/82
7/13/82
11 8/82
7/12/82
11 9/82
11 8/82
11 7/82
11 1/82
7/19/82
7/20/82
7/23/82
11 6/82
9/30/82
11 8/82
11 1/82
11 6/82
11 2/82
7/21/82
11 2/82
7/13/82
7/14/82
11 8/82
11 6/82
11 6/82
7/13/82
11 6/82
7/14/82
11 7/82
7/19/82
7/13/82
7/15/82
11 6/82
11 7/82
H 8/82
H 7/82
7/ 7/82
7/ 8/82
8/ 2/82
7/ 7/82
7/16/82

nCi/1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.9
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2

± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                          18

-------
                   TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)

                     DRINKING WATER
                 TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                 JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982
  LOCATION

 OH:CINCINNATI
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
 OH.-PAINESVILLE
 OH:TOLEDO
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA .-COLUMBIA
 PA:HARRISBURG
 PA .'PITTSBURGH
 PC:ANCON
 RI:PROVIDENCE
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SC:HARTSVILLE
 SC:JENKINSVILLE
 SC:SENECA
 TN:CHATTANOOGA
 TN:KNOXVILLE
 TX:AUSTIN
 VA:DOSWELL
 VA:LYNCHBURG
 VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
 VI:ST. THOMAS
 WA:RICHLAND
 WA:SEATTLE
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
DATE
COLLECTED
8/15/82
8/10/82
8/11/82
11 7/82
11 6/82
11 2/82
7/12/82
11 8/82
7/14/82
8/11/82
8/ 2/82
11 9/82
7/15/82
11 2/82
7/15/82
11 9/82
7/13/82
9/30/82
11 2/82
11 7/82
7/20/82
11 7/82
11 6/82
7/26/82
11 8/82
11 8/82
11 7/82
7/15/82
7/14/82

nCi/1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2

+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
 s
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                         19

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                    TABLE 12

          IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER

                      1982
 LOCATION

AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:BERKELEY
CArLOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
COrPLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DEcDOVER
FL:MIAMI
FLrTAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL: MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA:ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
DATE
COLLECTED
7/19/82
11 8/82
4/ 5/82
10/ 5/82
11 7/82
2/24/82
4/ 7/82
11 8/82
7/12/82
10/29/82
4/12/82
11 7/82
I/ 4/82
7/19/82
4/12/82
2/ 5/82
4/20/82
4/ 1/82
4/ 8/82
10/ 4/82
4/ 1/82
I/ 4/82
4/14/82
1/19/82
3/31/82
4/13/82
1/12/82
4/ 5/82
1/13/82
1/13/82
4/ 8/82
4/ 9/82
4/19/82
4/15/82
1/25/82
11 7/82
1/20/82
1/11/82
1/11/82
11 6/82
11 7/82
1/21/82
4/ 5/82
4/ 2/82

nCi/1
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.3
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.2
0.3
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.5
0.0
-0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.1

+ 2s
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
                           20

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               TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)

          IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER

                      1982
 LOCATION

NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
NS   NO SAMPLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
DATE
COLLECTED
11 8/82
8/ 2/82
4/ 5/82
10/21/82
6/ 1/82
4/14/82
1/14/82
11 6/82
10/12/82
1/11/82
4/15/82
1/14/82
4/14/82
6/ 1/82
I/ 4/82
1/27/82
4/13/82
I/ 4/82
1/22/82
4/13/82
9/30/82
I/ 4/82
11 7/82
2/ 1/82
11 7/82
4/ 1/82
1/13/82
10/ 4/82
1/13/82
1/15/82

nCi/1
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.2

± 2s
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
                          21

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SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program

     The external gamma monitoring program, which  began  in  October
1978,  provides  a  continuous  measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United  States.  Data  from  this  program  will  be used to evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions  and  to  provide  a  means  of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due  to  weapons  fallout,  reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing  a  wide  geographic  coverage  throughout  the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not  totally  representative  of  nationwide  exposures, they will be
indicative of national trends.

     The  monitoring  program  utilizes   CaF2:Mn   thermoluminescent
dosimeters  (TLD's).  These  dosimeters  are  commercially  available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A  group
of  four  TLD's  is  located  at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in  the  field.
The  dosimeters  are  returned  to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several  dosimeters  are  annealed  by  the  station
operator  as  controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures•accumulated during shipment.

     Results from the period July - September 1982 are shown in Table
13.
                                    22

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                                TABLE  13
             ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
                                         INTEGRATED       EXPOSURE
      LOCATION          DATE RANGE         EXPOSURE          RATE
                                           MR
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CA: BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
FL: ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
ID .-BOISE
ID:BOISE
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
IL:CHICAGO
IL:CHICAGO
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA .-PITTSBURGH
PA PITTSBURGH
PA PITTSBURGH
70282- 81982
81982- 90182
90182-100482
70282- 80282
80282- 83182
83182-100182
63082- 80382
80382- 90182
90182-100582
60482- 71382
71382- 73082
73082- 83182
83182- 93082
70682- 80582
80582- 90782
90782-100682
70682- 80382
80382- 90382
90382-100582
63082- 80682
80682- 90282
90182-100782
70182- 80282
80282- 90282
90282-100882
62282- 73082
73082- 83182
83182-100582
70182- 73082
73082- 83182
83182- 93082
70882- 81082
81082- 90382
90382-100682
70182- 80282
80282- 90182
90182-100182
70682-102182
70782- 80382
80382- 90382
90382-100682
62982- 80382
80382- 83082
83082-100482
70282- 80282
80282- 90382
90382-100182
11.5
3.2
6.3
4.1
3.6
4.4
11.4
11.4
11.5
4.9
2.1
4.3
4.0
7.9
9.1
7.8
5.1
5.2
5.1
7.4
5.3
7.0
7.7
6.9
7.9
16.6
10.0
10.5
4.6
4.8
4.5
6.8
4.8
5.8
5.3
4.9
5.1
20.7
4.7
5.9
5.1
5.5
4.1
5.0
9.4
9.1
8.2
10.0
10.4
7.9
5.4
5.2
5.9
14.0
16.4
14.1
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.6
11.0
11.5
11.2
7.6
7.0
6.7
8.4
8.2
8.1
10.0
9.3
9.2
18.2
13.0
12.5
6.7
6.2
6.3
8.6
8.3
7.4
6.8
6.8
7.0
8.1
7.2
7.9
6.5
6.5
6.3
5.9
12.7
11.8
12.2
5.6
5.6
4.4
22.2
27.7
6.8
6.6
10.7
5.0
21.2
9.2
5.4
23.9
9.2
4.5
3.5
8.3
6.9
5.6
8.1
5.1
8.6
6.6
16.2
5.8
3.3
8.5
5.8
7.0
7.9
8.9
20.4
11.2
8.4
6.8
5.6
20.4
6.7
4.6
4.5
5.4
22.6
9.5
7.4
6.2
4.1
4.3
                                   23

-------
                          TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
            ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
                                         INTEGRATED       EXPOSURE
     LOCATION          DATE RANGE         EXPOSURE          RATE
                                           MR
                               MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VTiMONTPELIER
VTrMONTPELIER
VTrMONTPELIER
70982-
80482-
90882-
70182-
73082-
90282-
62982-
73082-
83182-
70182-
72982-
90782-
63082-
80382-
83182-
62882'
80282'
90782-
 80482
 90882
102182
 73082
 90982
102182
• 73082
 83182
100182
• 72982
• 90782
•100182
• 80382
• 83182
•100482
• 80282
• 90782
•100482
 8.1
 8.6
11.7
 5.2
 6.3
 9.3
 6.3
 6.4
 6.4
 6.3
 9.1
 5.5
 5.6
 3.4
 6.1
 6.4
 6.5
 5.2
13.0
10.3
11.3
 7.4
 6.4
 7.9
 8.5
 8.3
 8.6
 9.4
 9.5
 9.6
 6.9
 5.0
 7.5
 7.6
 7.5
 8.1
 5.5
 8.0
 4.2
 6.3
18.8
 7.8
 4.6
 5.3
 5.8
 8.3
 3.6
 8.1
 5.0
15.3
18.6
 5.8
 5.4
 6.5
*  e =  SIGMA ERROR (IN  PERCENT)
                                     24

-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program

                            Pasteurized Milk

     This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy  and
Lipid  Products  Branch,  Milk  Sanitation  Section,   Food  and  Drug
Administration.  Milk  is  a  reliable  indicator  of   the   general
populations  intake  of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several  of  the  biologically
important  contaminants  resulting  from  environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is  to  obtain
reliable   monitoring   data   relative   to   current   radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.

     Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with  one  or
more  located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of  the  milk
consumed in a given population center.

     These  samples  are   analyzed   for   iodine-131,   barium-140,
cesium-137,  and  potassium.  All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of
the  three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from  the  states  within  each  of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90.

     Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are  determined
by   gamma  spectral  analysis.  Strontium-89  and  strontium-90  are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate  which  has
been chemically separated by ion-exchange.

     The  values  from  the  pasteurized  milk  samples  for  July  -
September  1982  are  shown  in Tables 14 - 16. Strontium values from
regional composite samples collected July - September 1982 are  shown
in Table 17.

                            Tjr ijtium in Milk

     It was previously proposed to analyze all 65  milk  samples  for
tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the
April  sample).  The  EERF  is   currently   evaluating   alternative
analytical  techniques  anticipating  that  these analyses will begin
during the coming year.
                                    25

-------
                                  TABLE 14
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                 JULY 1982
LOCATION

AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
FLrTAMPA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST  LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NM:ALBUQUERQUE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
DATE
COLLECTED
11 1/82
11 8/82
11 6/82
11 8/82
7/23/82
11 1/82
11 8/82
7/27/82
11 6/82
11 2/82
11 7/82
11 6/82
11 6/82
7/12/82
11 7/82
7/12/82
11 6/82
11 8/82
11 6/82
7/13/82
11 2/82
11 8/82
11 8/82
7/12/82
11 9/82
11 7/82
11 7/82
11 6/82
7/ 6/82
11 6/82
7/ 9/82
11 6/82
7/ 1/82
7/ 6/82
11 6/82
7/12/82
7/12/82
7/ 8/82
7/12/82
7/ 7/82
7/ 6/82
7/ 6/82
7/ 6/82
7/ 7/82
K AJ
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.60
.59
.38
.53
.37
.36
.22
.31
.32
.26
.36
.40
.21
.32
.39
.48
.38
.74
.39
.26
.36
.44
.28
.23
.30
.86
.32
.90
.49
.71
.54
.41
.39
.25
.66
.59
.63
.36
.65
.16
.34
.40
.33
.77
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.16
.17
.16
.24
.22
.22
.15
.22
.15
.21
.22
.22
.21
.21
.22
.16
.16
.24
.22
.21
.22
.22
.22
.21
.22
.25
.22
.25
.22
.17
.17
.22
.16
.21
.24
.22
.17
.22
.24
.21
.22
.22
.22
.24
'Cs
pCi/l+2s
-4
0
6
-2
-4
-16
-10
-9
2
-6
-2
1
4
-7
11
-4
-6
3
-1
2
-7
2
1
-2
-10
4
_o
15
-12
2
5
-2
-6
-3
7
1
-4
-3
12
-2
-9
-5
10
6
10
11
11
15
14
14
10
14
11
14
14
15
15
14
15
10
10
15
15
15
14
15
15
14
14
15
15
16
14
11
11
15
10
15
15
15
10
15
16
15
14
14
15
15
JLH
uBa
pCi/l+2s
-7
2
-21
1
-22
-21
-37
-23
-17
-22
-27
-20
-24
-43
-19
-12
-18
3
-10
-27
-56
-37
-15
-35
-16
-2
-11
13
-12
4
10
-37
-16
-14
-7
-36
-19
-20
8
-18
-22
-24
-25
19
14
14
13
20
19
19
16
19
13
19
19
19
19
21
19
14
13
20
19
19
36
25
19
22
19
20
19
20
19
14
14
21
13
19
20
21
15
19
20
19
19
19
19
20
10
LI
pCi/l+2s
-7
6
-11
7
-2
-8
-9
-6
-14
-6
-11
_o
-9
-11
-10
-7
-4
-3
-10
-10
-10
-6
-13
-9
-18
-4
-4
-2
1
-3
6
-1
-6
-8
2
-13
-11
-5
-10
-9
-7
-2
-8
-1
10
10
9
14
13
13
9
13
9
13
13
13
13
12
13
10
9
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
12
14
13
14
13
10
10
13
9
13
14
13
9
13
14
13
13
13
13
14
                                        26

-------
                             TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                 JULY 1982
LOCATION

PC:ANCON
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT.-SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT: BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
7/22/82
7/22/82
7/22/82
11 8/82
11 6/82
11 6/82
7/29/82
7/15/82
11 6/82
7/19/82
7/12/82
It 2/82
7/30/82
7/ 6/82
If 6/82
11 7/82
11 7/82
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.35
.35
.38
,40
.30
.81
.32
.36
.65
.32
.22
.41
.37
.38
.76
.39
.62
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.22
.12
.22
.22
.22
.25
.22
.22
.22
.22
.21
.22
.22
.16
.17
.16
.24
"Cs
pCi/l+2s
-2
1
-10
-1
-13'
0
-4
-4
-11
-6
-8
0
-11
-2
6
-7
9
15
7
14
15
14
14
15
14
14
14
14
15
14
10
11
10
15
.LI
uBa
pCi/l+2s
-4
-5
-25
-22
-20
13
-12
-28
-13
-41
-46
-6
-23
-30
0
-15
-2
19
8
19
19
19
20
19
19
19
22
22
19
19
15
14
13
20
u
ll
pCi/l+2s
-6
-5
-4
-5
-3
-2
-16
-8
-9
-3
-11
-6
-8
-13
11
-9
-6
13
7
13
13
13
14
13
13
13
13
12
13
13
9
10
9
14
     SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                       27

-------
                                  TABLE 15
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                AUGUST 1982
LOCATION

AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CArLOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SACRAMENTO
CArSAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
PL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL .-CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD: BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST  PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST  LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
DATE
COLLECTED
8/ 3/82
8/ 5/82
8/ 9/82
8/ 4/82
8/16/82
8/31/82
8/ 2/82
8/10/82
8/31/82
8/ 9/82
8/ 6/82
8/ 5/82
8/ 3/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 3/82
8/10/82
8/ 4/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 3/82
8/ 4/82
8/ 3/82
8/ 6/82
8/ 9/82
8/ 4/82
8/ 3/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 4/82
8/ 5/82
8/ 3/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 9/82
8/ 2/82
8/17/82
8/ 6/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 5/82
8/10/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 6/82
8/ 3/82
8/ 9/82
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.74
.42
.62
.01
.91
.89
.48
.77
.67
.66
.62
.66
.29
.84
.43
.77
.84
.69
.27
.69
.40
.64
.49
.82
.78
.35
.36
.47
.83
.69
.56
.32
.54
.19
.72
.39
.48
.69
.66
.22
.81
.56
.27
.68
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.24
.24
.24
.25
.25
.25
.16
.24
.24
.24
.24
.24
.22
.25
.22
.24
.17
.24
.22
.24
.22
.24
.21
.24
.17
.21
.22
.21
.24
.24
.24
.16
.24
.21
.24
.24
.22
.24
.24
.21
.17
.24
.15
.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
-2
9
18
6
17
8
-5
5
6
14
3
-4
8
9
1
7
4
13
-10
1
-2
15
14
11
10
3
0
3
2
1
6
-2
8
9
-2
11
7
0
9
1
-3
15
5
-4
15
15
16
15
16
15
10
15
15
16
15
15
15
15
15
15
11
16
14
15
15
16
14
15
11
14
15
14
15
15
15
11
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
11
16
11
15
140Ba
pCi/l+2s
6
-5
9
4
-11
3
-22
-9
-1
3
2
2
-18
3
-28
3
0
3
-1
0
-21
0
7
-4
0
12
-34
8
-11
-3
-2
-13
5
-21
0
9
-17
-3
-3
-6
4
7
-18
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
13
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
19
20
14
20
19
20
19
20
19
20
14
19
22
19
20
20
20
13
20
19
20
20
19
20
20
19
14
20
13
20
ISlj
pCi/l+2s
0
-5
1
1
10
-2
-1
1
4
-8
-11
-2
5
-7
2
3
2
-1
-2
-3
-1
1
2
-4
2
-3
-10
-6
2
0
-1
-7
-1
6
-2
0
4
3
0
-9
5
-4
-6
0
14
14
14
14
14
14
9
14
14
14
14
14
13
14
13
14
10
14
13
14
13
14
12
14
10
12
13
12
14
14
14
9
14
13
14
14
13
14
14
13
10
14
9
14
                                       28

-------
                             TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
LOCATION

OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
PC rANCON
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
  DATE
COLLECTED
AUGUST 1982

      K
    g/l+2s
8/ 2/82
8/ 9/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 4/82
8/20/82
8/13/82
8/19/82
8/ 5/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 9/82
8/26/82
8/16/82
8/ 2/82
8/13/82
8/ 9/82
8/ 1/82
8/ 5/82
8/10/82
8/ 2/82
1.68 0.17
1.85 0.25
1.35 0.22
1.68 0.17
1.84 0.25
1.88 0.25
1.85 0.25
1.65 0.17
1.83 0.25
1.49 0.24
1.83 0.24
1.71 0.24
1.65 0.22
1.81 0.25
1.57 0.24
1.43 0.22
1.84 0.25
1.70 0.24
1.37 0.22
  137Cs
pCl/l+2s
  140Ba
pCi/l+2s
  131Z
pCi/l+2s
11
14
-6
9
33
1
13
10
11
8
1
12
10
-1
7
-1
4
20
9
11
16
14
15
16
15
16
11
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
6
-1
-20
5
-2
6
15
-3
-7
0
-13
-13
-14
11
3
-27
-8
8
-26
14
20
19
14
20
20
20
14
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
19
20
20
19
1
7
-3
-10
-6
8
6
-6
1
7
-1
-9
3
-1
-7
-1
0
-12
5
10
14
13
10
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
13
14
14
13
14
14
13
     SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                      29

-------
                                  TABLE 16

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                               SEPTEMBER 1982
LOCATION

AL:MONTGOMERY
ARrLITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CArSAN FRANCISCO
CTrHARTFORD
DC WASHINGTON
DEWILMINGTON
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST  PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA PITTSBURGH
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
9/ 9/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 8/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 3/82
9/ 8/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 2/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 1/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 3/82
9/ 8/82
9/ 9/82
9/ 7/82
9/13/82
9/ 1/82
9/10/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 7/82
9/13/82
9/ 7/82
9/10/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 2/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/ 7/82
9/13/82
9/ 7/82
9/13/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 8/82
9/27/82
9/ 9/82
9/ 6/82
9/13/82
9/ 8/82
9/ 6/82
9/10/82
9/ 3/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 7/82
9/ 1/82
9/ 9/82
K ij
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
.
•
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
75
70
87
76
42
98
85
91
69
70
75
68
85
67
93
69
72
67
85
79
86
96
.70
•
*
•
•
•
»
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*
75
60
47
88
76
70
70
88
62
84
99
70
84
90
76
79
69
83
75
63
70
90
71
80
71
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.24
.24
.25
.24
.24
.25
.25
.18
.24
.24
.24
.24
.25
.24
.18
.24
.17
.24
.25
.24
.17
.25
.24
.17
.17
.24
.25
.24
.24
.24
.25
.24
.25
.25
.24
.24
.25
.24
.24
.24
.25
.24
.17
.17
.25
.24
.25
.17
'Cs
pCi/l+2s
14
9
3
14
12
6
7
7
2
6
0
11
10
9
9
8
4
13
8
2
12
11
15
18
8
3
5
12
8
10
2
16
7
4
9
10
12
15
8
12
3
6
17
12
6
18
5
12
16
15
15
16
15
15
15
11
15
15
15
15
15
15
11
15
11
16
15
15
11
15
16
11
11
15
15
16
15
16
15
16
15
15
15
15
16
16
15
16
15
15
11
11
15
16
15
11
11
uBa
pCi/l+2s
8
6
-6
1
2
7
10
-2
6
12
9
-1
-4
8
-2
13
16
12
-9
12
12
-6
9
-4
9
12
2
9
10
20
12
9
4
6
5
-11
1
4
3
8
10
-1
-2
0
16
4
11
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
14
20
20
20
20
20
20
14
20
14
20
20
20
15
20
20
14
14
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
14
14
20
20
20
14
ij
J-I
pCi/l+2s
11
-2
1
-4
-1
6
1
-5
4
6
3
-2
-4
-3
0
-3
0
5
-4
-4
10
0
6
-5
-2
-1
2
0
-2
-5
-3
3
-4
3
7
3
7
4
-10
3
11
-1
2
0
-1
0
-9
-2
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
14
10
14
14
14
10
14
14
10
10
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
10
14
14
14
10
     SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                       30

-------
                            TABLE 17

        STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTTUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK


                     JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982
        EPA
       LOCATION

AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID-.IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
INrlNDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA .'BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME PORTLAND
MIrDETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST  LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NM:ALBUQUERQUE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OHCINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
If 1/82
II 8/82
II 6/82
II 8/82
7/23/82
7/ 1/82
11 8/82
7/27/82
7/ 6/82
II 2/82
11 7/82
7/ 6/82
8/ 2/82
II 6/82
7/12/82
7/ 7/82
7/12/82
II 6/82
II 8/82
II 6/82
8/ 4/82
7/13/82
7/ 2/82
II 8/82
7/ 8/82
7/12/82
8/ 2/82
7/ 9/82
7/ 7/82
11 7/82
7/ 6/82
lj 6/82
7/ 6/82
7/ 9/82
II 6/82
7/ 1/82
71 6/82
7/ 6/82
7/12/82
7/12/82
7/ 8/82
7/12/82
7/ 7/82
7/ 6/82
7/ 6/82
7/ 6/82
90
pCl/1
2.3
2.3
2.9
0.9
0.6
1.3
0.9
3.1
3.6
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.7
1,3
2.4
1.4
3.8
2.1
2.8
4.2
4.0
3.8
2.2
3.5
3.8
4,0
3.6
3.5
3.0
3.9
2.6
3.8
3.5
1.5
2.3
3.4
0.7
0.7
3.5
3.1
3.9
2.0
3.3
2.7
1.2
3.9
Sr
± 2s
1.0
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.0
0.7
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.2
0.9
0.9
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
0.9
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.3
                               89Sr
                            pCi/1 + 2s*
-1
 1
-1
 0
 1
 0
 0
 1
-1
 0
 2
 0
 0
 0
 1
 1
 0
 2
 1
 0
 2
 1
 1
 2
 0
 0
 1
 0
 0
 1
-1
 0
 0
 2
 3
 0
 1
 0
 0
 2
 1
 2
 0
 0
 3
 1
3
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
                              31

-------
                       TABLE 17  (CONTINUED)

        STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                     JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982
        EPA
       LOCATION

PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA: NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
                                90
Sr
 pCi/1 + 2s
11 7/82
7/22/82
7/22/82
7/22/82
7/ 8/82
7/ 6/82
7/ 6/82
7/29/82
7/15/82
7/ 6/82
7/19/82
7/12/82
7/30/82
11 6/82
7/ 6/82
11 7/82
11 7/82
2.8
1.5
0.3
3.2
3.4
4.2
4.1
1.3
3.0
2.4
2.7
5.6
2.9
2.4
3.2
3.2
1.8
1.2
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.0
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
               89
Sr
 pCi/1 + 2s*
4
0
2
0
1
0
0
1
-1
-1
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
2
                 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                 ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
                 THE  COUNTING ERROR
                                32

-------
                           Carbon-I4 in Milk

     Nine  stations,  chosen  for  wide  geographical   distribution,
contribute  milk  samples  for  annual  analysis for carbon-14.  These
samples have  monitored  the  carbon-14  levels  in  the  food  chain
resulting from nuclear testing.

     Analysis  consists  of  combusting  the  samples  and  measuring
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.

     Data will be published as it becomes available.
                                  33

-------
                                                DATA -  STATE  AGENCIES
                     Radiological  Health Laboratory
                     Indiana State Board of  Health
Indiana Milk Analysis Program


     In order to evaluate the fallout on  Indiana  pasturelands,   the
State  has  implemented  a  program whereby monthly milk  samples  from
five  geographical  areas  are  sent  to  the   Radiological   Health
Laboratory of the State Board of Health. The milk in these  samples is
bottled on the same date in all five areas to  provide  uniform  time
from pasture to the lab.

     Once in the laboratory, the milk  is  first  analyzed   by gamma
spectroscopy    for    lodine-131,     barium-140,   cesium-137,   and
potassium-40. A one gallon sample is analyzed on a 3"  x  3"  Nal(Tl)
scintillation crystal for 4800 seconds.  A background sample of 48,000
seconds is also run.  The data are analyzed to  give  pCi/1   for  each
radionuclide.

     A quarterly composite sample is saved and run  for  strontium-89
and -90 by ion exchange method.

     Data will be published as it is received.
                                   34

-------
                       Radiological Health Division
                    State Hygienic Laboratory of Iowa
 Iowa Water  Sampling Program
      The   radiological  Health  Division  of   the   State   Hygienic
Laboratory of  Iowa  with  the assistance of the State Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) maintains  a  state-wide  water  sampling
program    of   community   drinking   waters,   surface   waters  and
precipitation. All analyses with  the  exception  of  the  sequential
Ra-226,  -228  analyses  are performed according to "Standard Methods
for  the Examination of  Water  and  Wastewater",  14th  edition.  The
sequential analyses  for  radiums are performed according to the EPA
publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemlcal Methodology for
Drinking Water."

      The   drinking  water  samples  are  collected  by  DEQ  regional
personnel  and  sent  to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are
preserved  with HC1. These waters are analyzed  for  gross  alpha  and
gross  beta radioactivity as a screening process.  Subsequent analyses
for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90  are  performed  if  screening  levels  are
exceeded.  Radium  levels  are  of  primary  concern in Iowa drinking
waters as  those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers  within
the state.

     Surface waters are collected  at  eleven  sites  throughout  the
state  with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and
downstream  to  nuclear  power  plants  in  Iowa  or   those   plants
discharging  into  rivers  which  are  natural borders with adjoining
states.  Gross  alpha,  gross  beta,   and  tritium  are  the  routine
radionuclide  analyses  for  these  samples.  Strontium is of interest
when gross beta screening levels are  exceeded or if   nuclear  weapons
testing  necessitates  monitoring  to  determine  its   impact  on the
environment.

     Data will be published as  it is  received.
                                  35

-------
     ENVIRONMENTAL  RADIATION  DATA  (ERD)   is   published    quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U.  S.  Environmental  Protection
Agency's office of Radiation Programs.

     Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERD should be directed to:

                            Charles M. Petko
                        Technical Support  Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
                             P. 0. Box 3009
                       Montgomery, Alabama   36193

     Requests for  information  concerning   the  operation   of  ERAMS
should be directed to:

                        H. Michael Mardis,  Chief
               Monitoring and Analytical Services  Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
                             P. 0. Box 3009
                       Montgomery, Alabama   36193
                                 or to:
                          Lewis Battist,  Chief
                  Environmental Studies and Statistics
                Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461)
                 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
                          Waterside Mall East
                            401 M Street,  SW
                         Washington, DC   20460
                                  ***

-------