United States Office of EPA 520/5-83-015
Environmental Protection Radiation Programs March 1983
Agency Washington DC 20460
Radiation
«>EPA Environmental Radiation Data
Report 32
(October - December 1982)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 32
October - December 1982
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Radiation Programs
-------
Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed
quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs* Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama. Data from the
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS), and
similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Pan American Health Organization are reported in (ERD) when
available.
ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface,
and drinking water and milk samples from which environmental
radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.
1. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal
population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the
enviromnent.
2. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include
gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission
products and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium,
iodine, radium, krypton and tritium. This monitoring effort also
serves to provide ancillary information on releases into the
environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors
fuel fabrication and reprocessing plants and natural background
levels.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
DATA
CONTENTS
Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures ill
- Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum v
Detectable Levels
DATA - ERAMS
SECTION I. Air Program l
1. Airborne Particulates 1
and Precipitation
2. Plutonium and Uranium in 11
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
3. Krypton-85 13
SECTION II. Water Program 14
1. Surface Water 14
2. Drinking Water 17
3. Radon in Drinking Water 20
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 21
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program 2*
1, Pasteurized Milk 24
2. Tritium in Milk 24
3. Carbon-14 in Milk 32
DATA .- STATE AGENCIES 33
1. Indiana Pasteurized Milk Program 33
2. Iowa Water Analysis and Milk Analysis 38
-------
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing
the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide
continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for the
public. Therefore, new data reporting procedures were developed to
allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant change
in this reporting procedure is that all specific radionuclide
analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether
the number is negative, zero, or positive.
Reporting Rationale
Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental
media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a
distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs
when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only
background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported
numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting
level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure
allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically
without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This
approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses
and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in
environmental data.
When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be
exercised in the interpretation of individual negative Values.
Obviously, a negative activity value does not have physical
significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the true value
of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several
measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.
(1) Reported Values
Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will
be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
is negative, zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of
sample collection date.
Gross Analyses - The actual value of gross radioactivity
measurements will be reported, unless the value is below the
minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level,
then < minimum detectable level will be reported.
111
-------
M0L is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.
(2) Reported Error Terms
Each reported value for specific analyses will be
accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined by
specific activity analyses. Error terms are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of
most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest
contributor to overall error.
(3) Significant Figures
All reported values will be rounded to no more than three
significant figures. The last significant figure will be
increased by one if the figure following is five or greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.
(A) Reporting Levels
The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1.
Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than
minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in
averaging.
(5) Averages
Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error
terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In
calculating these averages, all values of individual data
including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be Included in ERD quarterly reports.
IV
-------
TABLE 1
ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross alpha
Gross beta
Tritium
Carbon-14
Krypton-85
Plutonium-238,
239
Uranium-234 ,
235,238
Radium -2 2 6
Strontium-90
Reporting
Media Units
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Milk
Ambient Air
Air
Milk
Water
Air
Milk
Water
Water
Milk
Water
pCi/1
pCi/m3
pCi/1
nCi/m2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCl/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/m3
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(a)
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 pCi/1
2 pCi/m3
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
-------
Radionuclide
Strontlum-89
Iodine-131
Iodine-129
Iodlne-127
Cesium -13 7
Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCl/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
radiochemical
fCi/1
8/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
g/1
g/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis)
.1 fCi/1
10 g/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 g/1
.1 g/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
5 pCi/l(c>
10 PCi/l(O
10 pCi/l(O
.4 pCi/1
.4 fCi/1
10 g/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/lCc)
10 pCi/l(c)
.12 g/1
.12 g/1
100 pCi/1
(a) The value in terms of nCi/m2 would be dependent on precipitation (mm)
(b) This value in terms of pCi/ir* would be dependent on the air volume.
(c) Activity as of the day of counting.
VI
-------
DATA - EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific
analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.
Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers
are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the
activity levels found.
The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m . The
lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are
largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the
times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where
air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity
measurements and gamma scans.
These locations also correspond to airborne particulate and
drinking water sampling locations selected for plutonium analyses.
Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are
performed annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.
-------
Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta
concentrations in airborne participates for October - December 1982.
Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta
concentration in precipitation October - December 1982.
The specific gamma results will be published when they are
available.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36193.
The tritium in precipitation samples for October - December 1982
at the selected stations are shown in Table 8.
-------
TABLE 2
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER 1982
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
5-HR FIELD EERF LAB
ESTIMATE MEASUREMENT
LOCATION # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG
(PCi/m3) (pCi/m3)
AL:MONTGOMERY 9 1.5 0.2 0.7 0.06 0.01 0.02
CAtBERKELEY 9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.04 0.00 0.02
CArLOS ANGELES 9 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.05 0.01 0.02
CT:HARTFORD 8 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.01
DErWILMINGTON 8 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.02
FL:MIAMI 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
HI:HONOLULU 8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.00
IA:IOWA CITY 8 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.09 0.00 0.02
IDrBOISE 8 1.4 0.1 0.5 0.02 0.00 0.01
ID:IDAHO FALLS 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.01 0.01
IL:CHICAGO 9 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.04 0.01 0.03
ME:AUGUSTA 8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.02 0.00 0.01
MO:JEFFERSON CITY 9 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.07 0.01 0.02
MS:JACKSON 5 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.03 0.00 0.01
ND:BISMARCK 9 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.03 0.00 0.01
NH:CONCORD 9 13.0 0.4 3.5 0.04 0.00 0.01
NJ:TRENTON 8 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.06 0.00 0.01
NM:SANTA FE 7 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.06 0.01 0.02
NV:LAS VEGAS 6 1.4 0.2 0.8 0.04 0.01 0.02
NY:ALBANY 9 1.4 0.0 0.4 0.04 0.01 0.02
NY:NEW YORK CITY 9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.06 0.01 0.02
NY:NIAGARA FALLS 9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.01
NY:SYRACUSE 8 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.03 0.01 0.02
OH:COLUMBUS 8 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.04 0.01 0.02
OH:PAINESVILLE 9 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.06 0.01 0.02
OH:TOLEDO 8 2.6 0.3 0.8 0.09 0.00 0.03
OR:PORTLAND 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.00 0.01
PA:HARRISBURG 12 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.06 0.01 0.02
PArPITTSBURGH 9 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.03 0.01 0.02
RI:PROVIDENCE 6 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01
SCtBARNWELL 1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.01
SC:COLUMBIA 9 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.01 0.03
SD:PIERRE 8 (3.7 0.0 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.02
TX'AUSTIN 8 1.9 o.4 1.3 0.04 o.oi 0.02
TX:EL PASO 8 1.4 0.3 0.7 0.06 0.01 0.03
VA-LYNCHBURG 9 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.03 0.01 0.01
WA«SEATTLE 8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.00
WA-SPOKANE 7 5.2 0.2 1.0 0.02 0.00 0.01
WI:MADISON 7 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.00 0.01
WY:CHEYENNE 1 2.5 0.2 2.5 0.01 0.01 0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m"3
-------
TABLE 3
AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
NOVEMBER 1982
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
5-HR FIELD EERF LAB
ESTIMATE MEASUREMENT
LOCATION # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3) (pCi/m3)
AL:
CA:
CA:
CT:
DE:
FL:
HI:
IA:
ID:
ID:
IL:
ME:
MO:
ND:
NH:
NJ:
NM:
NV:
NY:
NY:
NY:
NY:
OH:
OH:
OH:
OR:
PA:
PA:
RI :
SC:
SC:
SD:
TN:
TX:
TX:
VA:
WA:
WA:
WI:
MONTGOMERY
BERKELEY
LOS ANGELES
HARTFORD
WILMINGTON
MIAMI
HONOLULU
IOWA CITY
BOISE
IDAHO FALLS
CHICAGO
AUGUSTA
JEFFERSON CITY
BISMARCK
CONCORD
TRENTON
SANTA FE
LAS VEGAS
ALBANY
NEW YORK CITY
NIAGARA FALLS
SYRACUSE
COLUMBUS
PAINESVILLE
TOLEDO
PORTLAND
HARRISBURG
PITTSBURGH
PT3 f\\7 T T^TT XT i"* "G*
t J\ \J V Xl/I!jNl_*Ei
BARNWELL
vOLUMoI A.
PIERRE
NASHVILLE
AUSTIN
EL PASO
LYNCHBURG
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
MADISON
MINIMUM DETECTABLE
MINIMUM DETECTABLE
9
9
9
9
9
4
9
9
9
9
2
9
9
9
8
7
6
9
9
9
7
9
9
9
9
9
13
8
5
2
8
8
12
9
2
8
8
9
9
LIMIT
LIMIT
1.1
0.2
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.9
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.6
6.9
0.4
0.5
1.1
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.4
1.3
0.0
1.4
0.5
0.5
0.0
1.3
0.8
17.9
2.7
1.1
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.6
FOR
FOR
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
2.3
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.6
4.8
1.1
0.9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o.._
.02
.02
.03
.02
.01
.01
.01
.04
.02
.02
.02
.03
.02
.03
.02
.02
.01
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.03
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.03
.02
.02
.01
.05
.02
.04
.02
.02
.05
.01
.02
.02
FIELD ESTIMATES -
LAB MEASUREMENT -
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
t
*
01
01
00
01
01
00
00
01
00
00
01
01
01
01
01
00
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
00
01
01
00
01
01
01
01
01
01
00
00
00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
o!oi
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
.1 pCi/m3
.01 pCi/m3
-------
TABLE 4
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
DECEMBER 1982
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
LOCATION
# SAM
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
(pCi/m3)
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FLrMIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
ND:BISMARCK
NH: CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR: PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
8
9
9
9
5
6
9
7
9
9
4
8
9
8
9
13
9
7
3
9
9
18
9
7
7
9
9
0.5
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.3
1.3
4.8
0.3
0.3
2.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.1
1.2
0.0
1.8
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
1.7
0.1
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3
-------
TABLE 5
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
OCTOBER 1982
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO rDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR: PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
(mm) (nCi/m2)
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
41.3
10.8
34.3
25.2
20.9
18.0
14.1
22.0
10.8
126.0
36.0
10.0
22.3
10.0
34.4
106.6
42.5
51.3
16.5
29.5
0.08
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.19
0.09
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.13
0.04
0.07
0.01
0.25
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 6
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
NOVEMBER 1982
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
ND:BISMARCK
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH .-COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
(mm) (nCi/m2)
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
145.0
35.8
19.3
35.0
56.5
22.5
93.1
10.0
22.5
73.4
109.5
145.5
70.3
66.8
39.0
27.5
66.5
8.7
108.3
0.21
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.12
0.52
0.07
0.05
0.09
0.12
0.05
0.01
0.77
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.09
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 7
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MItLANSING
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
(mm) (nCi/m2)
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
157.5
15.6
8.4
7.8
66.3
83.0
145.9
81.6
11.3
11.3
5.0
21.0
8.0
49.3
91.8
274.5
33.8
45.0
113.8
39.4
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.08
0.04
0.07
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.51
0.37
0.02
0.03
0.21
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.07
0.13
0.01
0.02
0.07
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 7.1
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
JULY 1982
LOCATION
OH:COLUMBUS
OR:PORTLAND
PA-.PITTSBURGH
VA.-LYNCHBURG
OR:PORTLAND
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
(mm) (nCi/m2)
39.4 0.04 0.02
22.2 0.15 0.02
40,0 0.08 0.02
98.4 0.36 0.06
AUGUST 1982
25.0 0.12 0.02
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCl/1)
2l4Bi 45 + 87%
106Ru 51+75%
7Be 37 + 61%
2l4Bi 48 + 82%
232Th 32 + 94%
Be 4.7 + 52%
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 8
PRECIPITATION
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION
AL; MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI;LAN SING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ .'TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
OCTOBER
nCi/1 + 2s
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
NS
0.5 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NOVEMBER
nCl/1 + 2s
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
NS
NS
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
2.4 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.4 0.2
DECEMBER
nCi/1 + 2s
0.3 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.6 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.7 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
NS NO SAMPLE
8 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
10
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are
determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air
filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne
particulate samplers. The number of continuously operating stations
is being increased from the original 22 will eventually number 67
when all equipment is operational.
Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonium or
uranium.
Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m3
for each quarterly composite.
Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for July -
September 1982 are shown for the 42 stations operating during this
period in Table 9.
11
-------
TABLE 9
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982 COMPOSITES
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CAiLOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
PL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI'.LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OHlPAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA'.PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
238
Pu
239
Pu
iCi/m3+ 2s
0.8 0.5
0.5 0.4
0.4 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.5
-0.3
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.6
-0.2
1.7
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.7
-0.2
0.6
0.2
0.2
1.1
0.3
1.3
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.6
1.3
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.6
2.2
0.3
1.1
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.6 0.6
aCl/m3+ 2s
1.4 0.6
1.5 0.7
1.7 0.7
1.2 0.5
2.8
0.5
1.0
1.1
1.2
3.5
2.9
1.5
1.4
3.4
1.9
1.2
1.3
1.0
3.1
2.1
1.5
17.0
2.4
1.0
1.5
2.5
2.4
1.4
1.8
0.6
2.7
1.9
1.5
2.0
1.3
3.4
2.1
0.6
1.6
0.9
1.5
1.1
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.6
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.9
0.9
1.3
2.6
1.4
0.9
0.7
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.4
1.3
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.6
1.1
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
234,
235,
238
U
aCi/m3+ 2s
18.5 3.7
8.6 1.8
29.2 4.3
23.2 4.4
11.8 2.1
57.8 12.7
23.6 3.7
7.3 2.0
17.9 2.6
42.4 8.1
43.3 6.1
21.4 3.7
18.2 3.3
19.1 5.2
19.5 2.9
17.3 2.8
20.5 3.1
17.1 3.3
44.5 5.8
10.2 3.0
33.6 6.8
81.2 9.2
30.3 5.4
22.4 4.6
26.9 4.2
34.0 4.6
51.4 7.7
22.0 3.4
25.9 3.8
15.7 3.2
26.2 4.7
54.8 7.6
15.0 2.8
11.9 2.9
30.5 4.3
27.6 4.3
19.1 3.2
34.1 5.4
141.9 15.9
10.3 2.2
31.3 4.8
12.5 2.8
aCi/m3+ 2s
0.4 0.4
1.0 0.6
4.2 1.3
1.1 0.8
0.0 0.3
3.5 2.2
0.9 0.5
1.0 0.7
0.6 0.4
5.9 2.2
4.0 1.2
0.8 0.6
0.8 0.5
0.4 0.7
0.9 0.5
1.8 0.7
0.5 0.4
0.9 0.7
2.4 0.9
0.6 0.6
2.2 1.5
4.2 1.1
0.4 0.5
1.7 1.1
1.6 0.8
1.9 0.7
2.7 1.1
1.8 0.8
0.9 0.5
2.6 1.1
0.8 0.7
2.0 0.9
0.2 0.2
1.1 0.8
2.3 0.8
1.4 0.8
2.1 0.9
2.7 1.2
4.9 1.2
1.2 0.7
1.2 0.7
0.2 0.4
aCi/m3+ 2s
20.8 3.9
8.9 1.9
28.5 4.2
17.2 3.5
11.1 2.0
28.4 9.5
22.8 3.6
6.0 1.8
19.8 2.8
42.0 8.0
44.2 6.2
25.0 4.2
14.0 2.7
16.5 4.7
19.2 2.9
15.1 2.6
17.0 2.7
14.3 3.0
38.5 5.2
11.9 3.2
30.2 6.2
50.1 6.1
31.4 5.6
23.4 4.7
31.8 4.8
31.6 4.3
39.3 6.2
20.4 3.2
28.0 4.1
11.9 2.7
18.8 3.8
54.7 7.6
16.0 2.9
13.3 3.0
24.9 3.7
27.6 4.4
21.9 3.5
34.5 5.4
8.6 1.7
9.8 2.2
30.5 4.7
11.4 2.6
THE
238
Pu AND
239
Pu CONCENTRATIONS REPORTED IN THIS TABLE HAVE BEEN ROUNDED,
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
12
-------
Krypton-85
Krypton-85 Is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8
years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor
operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear
detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as
spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.
Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample
collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the
United States with considerations being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic
coverage.
Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are
purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.
The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available
13
-------
DATA - EPA
ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to
assess the effects of the nuclear power industry, the natural
radiation environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's
rivers, streams and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.
Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly
and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.
Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.
Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for October
December 1982 are given in Table 10.
14
-------
TABLE 10
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION
AL:DECATUR
AL:DOTHAN
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CArCLAY STATION
CA:EUREKA
COrGREELEY
CTrEAST HADDAM
CT:WATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL:HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
IL:MARSEILLES
IL:MOLINE
IL:MDRRIS
IL:OREGON
IL:ZION
LArNEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
MA:ROWE
MD:CONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:BRIDGMAN
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI:MONROE
MI:SOUTH HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MN:RED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NJ:BAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NY:OSSINING
NY:OSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
SC:ALLENDALE
SOURCE
TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
TENNESSEE RIVER
FOLSOM S. CANAL
HUMBOLDT BAY
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
ROCK RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
DEERFIELD RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CATAWBA RIVER
ATLANTIC OCEAN
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
SAVANNAH RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 5/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 7/82
10/29/82
10/28/82
III 2/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 5/82
10/13/82
10/ 5/82
10/15/82
11/15/82
11/15/82
11/15/82
11/15/82
10/15/82
10/ 6/82
10/13/82
12/ 1/82
10/12/82
10/11/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 9/82
10/ 8/82
10/11/82
10/11/82
10/21/82
10/15/82
10/21/82
10/11/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 7/82
11/17/82
11/15/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/31/82
10/20/82
10/21/82
nCi/1
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.2
1.2
1.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
4.0
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
15
-------
LOCATION
SC:BROAD RIVER
SCrHARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TNrKINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
VA:DOSWELL
VArNEWPORT NEWS
VTrVERNON
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:TWO CREEKS
WI:VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
SOURCE
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
NORTH ANNA RIVER
JAMES RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
10/15/82
10/11/82
12/14/82
ll/ 4/82
10/14/82
10/15/82
12/21/82
12/29/82
ll/ 9/82
10/11/82
10/26/82
11/11/82
10/ 5/82
nCi/1
0.5
0.7
0.6
1.1
0.5
3.2
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.4
2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
16
-------
Drinking Water
The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.
Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b) gross
alpha, gross beta, and strontium-90 on annual composites (gamma
analyses are performed if the gross beta activity is greater than 10
pCi/1; radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2
pCi/1; and radium-228 analyses are performed if the radium-226
activity falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is
performed on one quarterly sample per year for each station (d) an
annual composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, on
22 selected sampling locations corresponding to continuously
operating air particulate stations.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the
distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226 by
the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for October
December 1982 are shown in Table 11.
All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
17
-------
TABLE 11
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
COsDENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DE:DOVER
FLrMIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA:ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MNMINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS '
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
DATE
COLLECTED
10/21/82
10/ 6/82
10/14/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 1/82
10/29/82
10/29/82
10/20/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 6/82
10/18/82
10/26/82
10/26/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/22/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
12/ 1/82
10/ 4/82
10/12/82
10/ 7/82
10/15/82
10/11/82
10/ 1/82
10/15/82
10/ 7/82
10/13/82
10/ 7/82
10/11/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 1/82
12/30/82
10/ 7/82
10/14/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 7/82
11/19/82
10/13/82
nCi/1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
3.8
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0 2
v JM
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
18
-------
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA;HARRISBURG
PA: PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC: BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SCrHARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VArLYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
S SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 4/82
10/21/82
11/15/82
10/22/82
ll/ 9/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/12/82
10/ 5/82
10/14/82
10/13/82
ll/ 9/82
10/26/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 7/82
10/11/82
10/15/82
10/20/82
10/ 1/82
10/ 7/82
10/26/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/11/82
10/ 4/82
11/11/82
10/11/82
nCi/1
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
19
-------
Radon-222 in Drinking Water
Radon-222 in drinking water has previously been considered a
source of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint.
The Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to
evaluate the possibility that a major pathway from inhalation
exposure may exist in addition to the ingestion pathway. As an inert
gas, radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently can
be released during any operation that aerates or agitates water.
Depending upon the initial concentration of radon in water,
significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the
general environment.
To determine the scope of this potential problem, a national
ground water sampling program has been initiated by the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) to obtain data on radon
concentrations in water supplies throughout the country. Sampling
kits have been assembled by EERF and distributed to various state
health departments. The kit is designed so that state personnel can
collect samples from potable water supplies and ship them, without
loss of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis.
The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by two
separate methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from
all groundwater supplies serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in
which the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to
be sampled is left to the discretion of the state programs. Each
state is asked to obtain a representative sampling of ground water
supplies within its boundaries. The extent of the sampling efforts
and how representative the data are for a given state is determined
primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program.
The concentrations of radon in water are determined at the EERF
by liquid scintillation counting. The limit of detection for this
technique using a 50-minute count and a 10-ml sample is 0.16 oCi or
16 pci/1.
The sampling kits are being provided to the various states on a
rotating schedule. This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within
approximately two years.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
20
-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October
1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United States. Data from this program will be used to evaluate
fluctuations In natural background due to variations In environmental
conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be
indicative of national trends.
The monitoring program utilizes CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent
dosimeters (TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group
of four TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field.
The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several 'dosimeters are annealed by the station
operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.
Results from the period October - December 1982 are shown in
Table 12.
21
-------
TABLE 12
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CA: BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
PL:ORLANDO
FL: ORLANDO
ID:BOISE
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
IL: CHICAGO
IL:CHIC AGO
ND:BISMARCK
ND: BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NJ: TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
OR PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
PA:PITTSBURGH
PA:PITTSBURGH
MR
100482-110182 5.5
111282-120182 3.5
120182- 10383 6.1
100182-110182 3.8
110182-120182 7.3
120182-123182 4.4
100582-110382 10.3
110382-113082 6.3
113082- 10583 12.7
93082-102882 3.7
102882-112982 4.1
112982- 10783 5.4
100682-110882 9.1
120782- 10683 8.0
100582-102982 4.1
102982-120382 6.1
120382- 10483 5/2
100782-110582 6.1
110582-113082 5.3
113082- 10483 7.2
100882-110882 7.6
110882-120282 5.6
120282- 10783 8.2
100582-110482 9.8
110482-113082 8.2
113082- 10783 11.9
93082-110182 11.7
110182-113082 4.3
113082- 10383 5.1
100682-110582 5.6
110582-121482 7.5
121482- 12083 6.1
100182-110182 5.3
110182-120182 5.3
120182- 10683 5.6
102182-111982 5.3
111982- 10383 9.0
100682-110482 5.2
110482-120282 4.4
120282- 10483 5.8
100482-102882 3.6
102882-112982 4.9
112982-123082 4.4
100182-110382 9.7
110382-120382 7.6
120382- 10383 9.2
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
8.2
7.8
7.7
5.2
10.1
6.1
14.8
9.7
14.8
5.5
5.3
5.8
11.5
11.1
7.1
7.3
6.7
8.7
8.9
6.2
10.2
9.8
9.5
13.5
13.2
13.1
15.2
6.1
6.2
7.7
8.0
6.8
7.1
7.3
6.5
7.6
8.3
7.5
6.5
7.3
6.2
6.4
6.0
12.3
10.5
12.3
10.7
7.6
7.4
18.4
8.5
8.5
3.5
4.9
4.8
8.4
5.6
9.2
5.8
13.9
3.8
7.1
4.8
6.1
4.1
6.2
8.8
5.7
4.5
9.8
7.4
10.8
4.8
8.0
28.0
5.1
7.1
48.2
8.4
6.4
9.1
14.8
3.5
10.9
13.1
21.3
6.0
6.9
22.6
3.7
4.7
7.2
22
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TNiKNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
VT rMONTPELIER
VT rMONTPELIER
* s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR (IN PERCENT)
MR
102182-111082
111082-121382
121382- 11383
102182-110482
120782- 11383
100182-110182
110182-113082
113082- 10483
100182-110482
110482-113082
113082-123082
100482-110182
110182-120182
120182- 10383
100482-110182
110182-120382
120382- 10483
4.8
10.0
7.5
2.4
8.3
6.5
6.3
7.3
7.4
5.6
6.9
5.5
5.3
6.0
5.4
5.5
6.2
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
9.9
12.6
10.1
7.2
9.3
8.8
9.1
8.7
9.1
8.9
9.6
8.1
7.3
7.6
8.0
7.2
8.1
16.3
5.0
6.9
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.3
4
16
8.3
7.1
3.9
25.7
7.1
6.4
5.5
6.6
.5
.2
23
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and
Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug
Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general
populations intake of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several of the biologically
important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain
reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or
more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
These samples are analyzed for iodine-131, bariura-140,
cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of
the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined
by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has
been chemically separated by ion-exchange.
The values from the pasteurized milk samples for October -
December 1982 are shown in Tables 13 - 15.
Strontium values from regional composite samples collected
October - December 1982 are shown in Table 16.
Tritium in Milk
It was previously proposed to analyze all 65 milk samples for
tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the
April sample). The EERF is currently evaluating alternative
analytical techniques anticipating that these analyses will begin
during the coming year.
24
-------
TABLE 13
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
OCTOBER 1982
LOCATION
AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
HI .-HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OHCLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
PC .-CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/14/82
10/18/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 6/82
10/29/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/28/82
10/ 5/82
10/11/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 5/82
10/29/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 1/82
10/12/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 8/82
10/ 6/82
10/14/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/11/82
10/12/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82-
10/28/82
10/22/82
K
g/l+2s
1.55 0.24
1.85 0.25
1.67 0.17
1.86 0.25
1.86 0.25
1.59 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.76 0.24
1.55 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.59 0.24
1.76 0.17
1.62 0.24
1.72 0.17
1.62 0.24
1.55 0.24
1.63 0.17
1.66 0.24
1.75 0.17
1.77 0.24
1.89 0.25
1.76 0.24
1.61 0.24
1.47 0.24
1.71 0.24
1.70 0.24
1.76 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.74 0.24
1.70 0.24
1.65 0.24
1.90 0.25
1.75 0.24
1.71 0.24
1.85 0.25
1.80 0.17
1.76 0.24
1.58 0.24
1.60 0.24
1.64 0.24
1.86 0.25
1.86 0.25
1.74 0.24
1.89 0.25
iJ/Cs
pCi/l+2s
14. 16.
16. 16.
0. 11.
9. 16.
10. 16.
4. 15.
5. 15.
-1. 15.
9. 15.
3. 15.
16. 16.
7. 11.
3. 15.
5. 11.
5. 15.
-6. 15.
0. 11.
0. 16.
15. 11.
8. 15.
5. 15.
9. 16.
10. 15.
-2. 15.
16. 16.
11. 16.
7. 15.
16. 16.
7. 15.
11. 16.
-2. 15.
17. 16.
2. 15.
16. 16.
-2. 15.
10. 11.
0. 15.
6. 15.
8. 15.
3. 15.
5. 15.
4. 15.
29. 16.
17. 16.
iquBa
pCi/l+2s
6. 20.
12. 20.
0. 14.
13. 20.
4. 20.
3. 20.
4. 20.
6. 20.
14. 20.
2. 20.
10. 20.
3. 14.
2. 20.
13. 14.
15. 20.
4. 20.
12. 14.
16. 21.
2. 14.
7. 20.
8. 20.
18. 20.
3. 20.
12. 20.
16. 20.
5. 20.
6. 20.
0. 20.
3. 20.
11. 20.
14. 20.
-4. 20.
-7. 20.
5. 20.
10. 20.
10. 14.
2. 20.
10. 20.
11. 20.
6. 20.
12. 20.
-5. 20.
-1. 20.
10. 20.
ijil
pCl/l+2s
-6. 14.
6. 14.
-4. 10.
7. 14.
-6. 14.
0. 14.
-5. 14.
-2. 14.
-1. 14.
9. 14.
-4. 14.
5. 10.
-3. 14.
-2. 10.
-2. 14.
1. 14.
4. 10.
-14. 14.
-4. 10.
7. 14.
10. 14.
0. 14.
6. 14.
11. 14.
6. 14.
-2. 14.
1. 14.
-5. 14.
0. 14.
4. 14.
6. 14.
7. 14.
0. 14.
-2. 14.
-1. 14.
2. 10.
10. 14.
0. 14.
3. 14.
13. 14.
3. 14.
3. 14.
8. 14.
4. 14.
25
-------
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
OCTOBER 1982
LOCATION
SC:CHARLESTON
SDrRAPID CITY
TN: CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
10/20/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/28/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/14/82
10/ 8/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 8/82
10/21/82
10/ 6/82
K ij/
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.82
.86
.76
.81
.81
.83
.75
.70
.63
.82
.64
.76
.55
.74
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.25
.25
.24
.24
.25
.17
.17
.24
.24
.20
.24
.24
.24
.24
Cs
pCi/l+2s
8.
2.
6.
12.
7.
7.
3.
7.
16.
13.
13.
6.
11.
16.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
11.
11.
15.
16.
14.
16.
15.
15.
16.
14<
Ba
pCi/l+2s
9.
0.
-2.
-5.
15.
4.
11.
5.
19.
-2.
-1.
1.
0.
-2.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
14.
14.
20.
20.
17.
20.
20.
20.
20.
13]
LI
pCl/l+2s
0.
5.
-3.
1.
1.
-2.
-3.
1.
6.
1.
7.
4.
6.
6.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
10.
10.
14.
14.
12.
14.
14.
14.
14.
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
26
-------
TABLE 14
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
NOVEMBER 1982
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
ARrLITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST. PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
PR:SAN JUAN
DATE
COLLECTED
III 4/82
III 1/82
III 9/82
11/15/82
III 3/82
11/10/82
11/26/82
III 1/82
III 5/82
ll/ 5/82
III 3/82
11/15/82
III 7/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 4/82
ll/ 2/82
11/24/82
III 9/82
III 5/82
III 9/82
ll/ 8/82
11/10/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 3/82
III 9/82
III 3/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 9/82
ll/ 1/82
III 8/82
11/15/82
III 1/82
ll/ 4/82
ll/ 2/82
III 9/82
III 1/82
ll/ 8/82
III 1/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 9/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 3/82
11/23/82
K
g/l+2s
1.60 0.24
1.70 0.17
1.86 0.25
1.73 0.25
1.58 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.82 0.25
1.79 0.24
1.72 0.17
1.72 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.75 0.24
1.80 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.63 0.24
1.71 0.17
1.73 0.24
1.78 0.25
1.76 0.24
1.94 0.25
1.69 0.24
1.62 0.24
2.00 0.25
1.76 0.17
1.71 0.24
1.77 0.24
1.61 0.24
1.80 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.91 0.25
1.55 0.24
1.61 0.17
1.83 0.25
1.73 0.24
1.71 0.17
1.85 0.25
1.68 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.78 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.77 0.25
1.72 0.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
5. 15.
4. 11.
9. 15.
-8. 16.
12. 16.
11. 15.
-5. 16.
12. 16.
12. 11.
7. 15.
6. 15.
3. 15.
9. 15.
16. 16.
0. 15.
7. 11.
9. 16.
-15. 15.
7. 15.
14. 16.
9. 15.
11. 15.
15. 16.
1. 11.
5. 15.
8. 15.
5. 15.
-2. 15.
7. 15.
8. 15.
7. 15.
-2. 15.
7. 11.
8. 15.
2. 15.
7. 11.
9. 16.
-6. 15.
4. 15.
6. 15.
14. 16.
11. 16.
-16. 15.
10. 16.
UOBa
pCi/l+2s
2. 20.
7. 14.
-7. 20.
-3. 20.
3. 20.
0. 20.
8. 20.
6. 20.
4. 14.
6. 20.
15. 20.
14. 20.
-3. 20.
4. 20.
1. 20.
-1. 14.
10. 20.
2. 20.
-2. 20.
3. 20.
6. 20.
-2. 20.
10. 20.
12. 14.
1. 20.
9. 20.
5. 20.
5. 20.
-2. 20.
13. 20.
-14. 20.
9. 20.
7. 14.
0. 20.
6. 20.
11. 14.
10. 20.
0. 20.
2. 20.
-1. 20.
4. 20.
2. 20.
12. 21.
-6. 20.
131j
pCi/l+2s
-8. 14.
1. 10.
0. 14.
-2. 14.
-2. 14.
-2. 14.
-14. 14.
2. 14.
1. 10.
2. 14.
2. 14.
1. 14.
8. 14.
5. 14.
0. 14.
0. 10.
9. 14.
-11. 14.
3. 14.
12. 14.
0. 14.
-3. 14.
-1. 14.
-1. 10.
3. 14.
-5. 14.
-7. 14.
-5. 14.
8. 14.
-3. 14.
5. 14.
-1. 14.
4. 10.
5. 14.
10. 14.
-6. 10.
0. 14.
-1. 14.
10. 14.
1. 14.
0. 14.
3. 14.
-9. 14.
-14. 14.
27
-------
TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
NOVEMBER 1982
LOCATION
SC:CHARLESTON
SDtRAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TNtKNOXVILLE
TN: MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV: CHARLES TON
WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 9/82
III 5/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 8/82
11/18/82
11/17/82
ll/ 1/82
11/15/82
ll/ 5/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 9/82
ll/ 4/82
K
8/l±2s
1.65 0.17
1.65 0.24
1.55 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.77 0.25
1.66 0.24
1.85 0.25
1.55 0.24
1.76 0.24
1.74 0.25
1.82 0.25
1.70 0.24
1.69 0.24
1J'Cs
pCi/l+2s
11. 11.
13. 16.
1. 15.
-3. 16.
-7. 16.
1. 16.
14. 16.
6. 16.
-1. 15.
-2. 16.
9. 16.
5. 15.
7. 15.
lt|UBa
pCi/l+2s
4. 14.
-1. 20.
8. 20.
-4. 20.
0. 20.
3. 20.
12. 20.
3. 20.
-12. 20.
15. 21.
4. 20.
14. 20.
-8. 20.
iJLI
pCi/l+2s
-2. 10.
5. 14.
3. 14.
1. 14.
-8. 14.
-10. 14.
-3. 14.
-8. 14.
3. 14.
-7. 14.
-6. 14.
-5. 14.
11. 14.
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
28
-------
TABLE 15
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION
AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CArLOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CArSAN FRANCISCO
CT:HARTFORD
DC .'WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST. PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OHCINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
DATE
COLLECTED
12/21/82
12/ 8/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 9/82
12/20/82
12/ 2/82
12/ 7/82
127 6/82
12/ 3/82
127 3/82
12/20/82
12/ 1/82
127 7/82
127 6/82
127 8/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
12/17/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 7/82
127 3/82
127 9/82
127 9/82
12/13/82
127 1/82
12/10/82
12/ 8/82
127 6/82
127 8/82
127 6/82
12/13/82
12/10/82
127 6/82
127 2/82
12/13/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
127 7/82
127 7/82
127 6/82
127 8/82
12/16/82
K
g/l±2s
1.65 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.50 0.24
1.80 0.25
1.75 0.25
1.79 0.25
1.65 0.24
1.77 0.14
1.77 0.18
1.72 0.24
1.72 0.25
1.57 0.24
1.69 0.17
1.76 0.25
1.62 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.64 0.24
1.91 0.18
1.71 0.24
1.57 0.24
1.77 0.25
1.66 0.24
1.61 0.17
1.66 0.24
1.57 0.24
1.83 0.25
1.70 0.24
1.56 0.24
1.73 0.17
1.81 0.25
1.76 0.25
1.52 0.14
1.72 0.24
1.79 0.18
1.75 0.18
1.78 0.17
1.77 0.25
1.61 0.24
1.65 0.24
1.96 0.25
1.82 0.18
1.70 0.17
1.79 0.25
1.60 0.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
-5. 16.
-4. 16.
0. 16.
0. 16.
1. 16.
6. 16.
-2. 16.
4. 9.
-3. 11.
-3. 16.
-1. 16.
-11. 15.
5. 11.
-3. 16.
-1. 16.
2. 16.
1. 16.
-5. 11.
-7. 16.
-3. 16.
4. 16.
0. 16.
-4. 11.
-1. 16.
-15. 15.
-6. 16.
-4. 16.
-4. 16.
-7. 11.
-4. 16.
-7. 16.
3. 9.
-6. 16.
-2. 11.
0. 11.
-2. 11.
-11. 16.
-6. 16.
-2. 16.
-7. 16.
0. 11.
-2. 11.
-14. 15.
13. 16.
140Ba
pCi/l+2s
11. 21.
-11. 20.
-8. 20.
6. 20.
0. 20.
-6. 20.
-5. 20.
-15. 12.
-2. 14.
-10. 20.
6. 20.
-10. 20.
1. 14.
-7. 20.
-7. 20.
-6. 20.
-18. 20.
1. 15.
-10. 20.
-17. 20.
3. 20.
3. 20.
-2. 14.
-4. 20.
5. 20.
6. 20.
-5. 20.
-12. 20.
3. 15.
-7. 20.
4. 20.
-8. 12.
-7. 20.
2. 14.
-17. 14.
-16. 14.
-10. 20.
-7. 20.
-9. 20.
-15. 20.
-12. 14.
-17. 14.
-10. 20.
2. 20.
131I
pCi/l+2s
-3. 14.
-13. 14.
-4. 14.
-4. 14.
-7. 14.
-6. 14.
-12. 14.
-4. 8.
-32. 21.
-12. 14.
-1. 14.
-11. 14.
-12. 10.
-6. 14.
-13. 14.
-7. 14.
0. 14.
-7. 10.
-6. 14.
-8. 14.
-2. 14.
-18. 14.
-10. 10.
-11. 14.
-3. 14.
-17. 14.
-3. 14.
0. 14.
-7. 10.
-12. 14.
-13. 14.
-8. 8.
-12. 14.
-7. 10.
-1. 10.
-5. 10.
-16. 14.
0. 14.
-10. 14.
-10. 14.
-6. 10.
-2. 10.
3. 14.
-15. 14.
29
-------
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TXrAUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
12/14/82
12/16/82
12/ 7/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/29/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/10/82
12/ 2/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
K
g/l+2s
1.63 0.24
1.59 0.24
1.70 0.24
1.90 0.25
1.77 0.18
1.78 0.25
1.78 0.25
1.68 0.24
1.75 0.25
1.66 0.24
1.97 0.25
1.64 0.17
1.82 0.25
1.56 0.24
137Cs
PCl/l+2s
-5. 16.
-3. 16.
1. 16.
-12. 16.
-8. 11.
-7. 16.
-13. 16.
-5. 16.
-6. 16.
0. 16,
-2. 16.
-5. 11.
-11. 16.
1. 16.
140Ba
pCi/l+2s
6. 20.
-8. 20.
4. 20.
-13. 20.
-14. 14.
0. 20.
-4. 20.
-8. 20.
0. 20.
11. 21.
-3. 20.
-4. 14.
-5. 20.
5. 20.
131I
pCi/l+2s
-9. 14.
2. 14.
-8. 14.
-1. 14.
. 0. 10.
-5. 14.
-3. 14.
-9. 14.
-2. 14.
-7. 14.
-12. 14.
-2. 10.
0. 14.
-9. 14.
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
30
-------
TABLE 16
STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
EPA 90gr ^ 89Sr
REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCl/1 + 2s
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
2.8
3.2
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.5
2.5
2.4
1.8
1.2
1.1
2.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
2.8
3.0
2.2
1.6
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
2.
-1.
-1.
1.
2.
5.
2,
2.
2.
3.
5.
5.
5.
4.
31
-------
Carbon-14 In Milk
Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution,
contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These
samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain
resulting from nuclear testing.
Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
32
-------
DATA - STATE AGENCIES
Radiological Health Laboratory
Indiana State Board of Health
Indiana Milk Analysis Program ( I.M.A.P. )
In order to evaluate the fallout on Indiana pasturelands, the
State has implemented a program whereby monthly milk samples from
five geographical areas are sent to the Radiological Health
Laboratory of the State Board of Health. The milk in these samples
is bottled on the same date in all five areas to provide uniform time
from pasture to the lab.
Once in the laboratory, the milk is first analyzed by gamma
spectroscopy for iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and
potassium-40. A one gallon sample is analyzed on a 3" x 3" Nal(Tl)
scintillation crystal for 4800 seconds. A background sample of
48,000 seconds is also run. The data are analyzed to give pCi/1 for
each radionuclide.
A quarterly composite sample is saved and run for strontium-89
and -90 by ion exchange method.
Data for the Third and Fourth Quarters of 1982 and the First
Quarter of 1983 are shown in Table 17.
33
-------
TABLE 17
INDIANA MILK ANALYSIS PROGRAM
Location
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
S eymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
*Rochester
*Seymour
* Instrument Failure
urth Quarters of
Selected
Date
7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
1/83
1/83
1/83
1/83
1/83
Gamma
pCi/1
1-131
3 ± 3
1 ± 3
4 ± 3
1 ± 3
-2 ± 3
-2 ± 3
-1 ± 3
4 ± 3
2 ± 3
0 ± 3
1 ± 3
5 ± 3
6 ± 3
2 + 3
-3 ± 3
5 ± 3
-1 + 3
7 ± 3
7 ± 3
5 ± 3
2 ± 2
5 ± 2
0 ± 2
3 ± 2
5 + 2
3 ± 2
4 + 2
4 ± 2
3 + 2
3 + 2
2 + 2
3 ± 2
3 ± 2
1982; First Quarter <
Radionuclides
pCi/1
Ba-140
-3 ± 3
2 + 3
3 ± 3
3 ± 3
2 + 3
2 + 3
0 ± 3
4 ± 3
0 ± 3
5 ± 3
-4 ± 3
-3 ± 3
-2 + 3
0 ± 3
-2 + 3
-2 ± 3
-3+3
0 + 3
-4 + 3
-2 ± 3
-3 ± 2
-2 ± 2
-2 + 2
-2 ± 2
-3+2
-3 ± 2
-4 + 2
-4 ± 2
-2 + 2
-3 + 2
0 ± 2
-1 + 2
-1 ± 2
in Past-
pCi/1
Cs-137
2 ± 4
5 ± 4
7 ± 4
2 ± 4
3 + 4
1 ± 4
5 ± 4
9 + 4
3 ± 4
0 ± 4
4 ± 4
9 + 4
11 ± 4
3 ± 4
3 ± 4
13 ± 4
5+4
L7 ± 4
7 ± 4
2 ± 4
10 ± 3
9 + 3
9 ± 3
16 + 3
14+3
7 + 3
8 ± 3
6 ± 3
9 ± 3
4 ± 3
7 + 3
10 ± 3
5 ± 3
6/1
K
1.52 + .06
1.46 + .06
1.47 + .06
1.55 + .06
1.52 + .06
1.68 +
1.47 ±
1.66 +
1.75 ±
1.45 +
1.41 ±
1.46 +
1,58 ±
1.51 +
1.44 +
1.43 ±
1.46 +
.08
.07
.08
.08
1.64 ± .08
1.46 ± .06
1.36 ± .06
1.46 ± .06
1.41 ± .06
1.38 + .06
.06
,06
.06
.06
1.31 + .06
1.48 ± .04
1.44 + .04
1.42 + .04
1.45 + .04
1.44 ± .04
.04
.04
.04
.04
1.43 + .04
1.45 ± .04
1.45 + .04
1.37 ± .04
34
-------
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
IN: Evansvllle 2/83 3 + 2 -1±2 6±3 1.39 ±.04
Fort Wayne 2/83 3±2 0±2 8±3 1.36 ±.04
Indianapolis 2/83 6±2 1±2 9 + 3 1.40 ±.04
Rochester 2/83 4±2 0±2 7+3 1.45 ±.04
Seymour 2/83 10+2 -2+2 12 ± 3 1.46 ± .04
IN: Evansville 3/83 4±2 -5 ±2 5+3 1.47 +.04
Fort Wayne 3/83 4+2 -4 ±2 9±3 1.40 ±.04
Indianapolis 3/83 2+2 -2+2 6+3 1.38 + .04
Rochester 3/83 3+2 -3 ±2 7+3 12.05 ± .04
Seymour 3/83 2+2 -2 ± 2 7 ± 3 1.44 + .04
35
-------
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
89 90
Concentrations of Sr and Sr in Pasteurized Milk
Location
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
S eymour
IN; Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
S eymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
IN: Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Rochester
Seymour
(pCi/1 ± 2 Sigma Counting Error)
89,
Date
7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
L/83
1/83
L/83
1/83
1/83
2/83
2/83
2/83
2/83
2/83
Sr
90
Sr
1 ± 8
2 i 11
4 ± 7
0 i 8
1 ± 6
3 ± 6
0 ± 5
7 ± 8
0 t 5
0 ± 6
3 + 4
3 ± 4
4 ± 4
2 ± 4
2 ± 4
2 t 11
2 t 11
1 ± 15
3 ± 13
0 ± 14
3 ± 5
1 ± 4
3 ± 5
3 ± 8
3 ± 5
1 ± 5
0 ± 5
3 ± 10
0 ± 5
1 ± 6
1 ± 6
1 ± 5
-2 ± 7
1 ± 6
2 ± 5
0 ± 3
3 ± 5
1 ± 5
-1 ± 4
0 ± 4
2
5
2
5
4
4
2
6
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
3
4
2
4
2
2
2
1
2
5
3
3
3
3
4
5
4
2
4
2
4
3
± 3
± 3
± 2
i 2
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 2
± 2
± 2
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 2
± 3
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 3
± 1
± 2
± 2
± 2
± 3
± 2
± 2
± 1
± 2
± 2
± 1
± 1
36
-------
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
IN: Evansville 3/83 1 ± 4 2 ± 1
Fort Wayne 3/83 2 ± 5 2 ± 1
Indianapolis 3/83 2 ± 6 3 ± 2
Rochester 3/83 1 ± 4 2 ± 1
Seymour 3/83 3 ± 4 2 ± 1
37
-------
Radiological Health Division
State Hygienic Laboratory of Iowa
Iowa Water Sampling Program
The radiological Health Division of the State Hygienic
Laboratory of Iowa with the assistance of the State Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) maintains a state-wide water sampling
program of community drinking waters, surface waters and
precipitation. All analyses with the exception of the sequential
Ra-226, -228 analyses are performed according to "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 14th edition. The
sequential analyses for radiums are performed according to the EPA
publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water."
The drinking water samples are collected by DEQ regional
personnel and sent to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are
preserved with HC1. These waters are analyzed for gross alpha and
gross beta radioactivity as a screening process. Subsequent analyses
for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90 are performed if screening levels are
exceeded. Radium levels are of primary concern in Iowa drinking
waters as those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers within
the state.
Surface waters are collected at eleven sites throughout the
state with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and
downstream to nuclear power plants in Iowa or those plants
discharging into rivers which are natural borders with adjoining
states. Gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium are the routine
radionuclide analyses for these samples. Strontium is of interest
when gross beta screening levels are exceeded or if nuclear weapons
testing necessitates monitoring to determine its Impact on the
environment.
Data will be published as it is received.
38
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) Is published quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency's office of Radiation Programs.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Technical Support Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS
should be directed to:
H. Michael Mardis, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
or to:
Lewis Battist, Chief
Environmental Studies and Statistics
Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waterside Mall East
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
***
------- |