United States       Office of        EPA 520/5-83-015
            Environmental Protection   Radiation Programs    March 1983
            Agency         Washington DC 20460
             Radiation
«>EPA      Environmental Radiation Data
            Report 32
            (October - December 1982)



-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
                               REPORT 32






                        October - December 1982
             UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY






                      Office of Radiation Programs

-------
                                Preface
     Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled  and  distributed
quarterly  by the Office of Radiation Programs* Eastern Environmental
Radiation  Facility  (EERF),  Montgomery,   Alabama.   Data  from  the
Environmental   Radiation  Ambient  Monitoring  System  (ERAMS),  and
similar networks operated by contributing  States,  Canada,  Mexico,  and
the  Pan  American  Health  Organization  are  reported in (ERD) when
available.

     ERAMS was established in  1973  by  the  U.   S.   Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP).  The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations  that provide air,   surface,
and   drinking  water  and  milk  samples   from  which  environmental
radiation levels are derived.  The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of  long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.

     1.   Sampling  locations  are  selected   to   provide   optimal
population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices  and  other  forms  of  radioactive  contamination   of   the
enviromnent.

     2.  The radiation analyses performed on  these  samples  include
gross  alpha  and  gross  beta  levels,  gamma  analyses  for fission
products and specific analyses  for  uranium,  plutonium,  strontium,
iodine,  radium,  krypton  and  tritium.  This monitoring effort also
serves  to  provide  ancillary  information  on  releases  into   the
environment  from  stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors
fuel fabrication  and  reprocessing  plants  and  natural  background
levels.

-------
             ENVIRONMENTAL    RADIATION

                                DATA
                                CONTENTS
                                                                 Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures                          ill

     - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum                    v
       Detectable Levels
DATA - ERAMS
     SECTION I.  Air Program                                        l

                   1.  Airborne Particulates                        1
                       and Precipitation

                   2.  Plutonium and Uranium in                     11
                       Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

                   3.  Krypton-85                                   13
     SECTION II. Water Program                                      14

                   1.  Surface Water                                14

                   2.  Drinking Water                               17

                   3.  Radon in Drinking Water                      20


     SECTION III.    External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program      21

-------
     SECTION IV.    Milk Program                                     2*



                   1,   Pasteurized Milk                              24




                   2.   Tritium in Milk                               24




                   3.   Carbon-14  in Milk                             32






DATA .- STATE AGENCIES                                                33




     1.  Indiana Pasteurized Milk Program                           33




     2.  Iowa Water Analysis and Milk Analysis                      38

-------
                            DATA  - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
     The  intent  of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing
 the  Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide
 continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for  the
 public.   Therefore,  new  data reporting procedures were developed to
 allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant  change
 in  this  reporting  procedure  is  that  all  specific  radionuclide
 analyses  will be reported as the counting results  indicate,  whether
 the number is negative, zero, or positive.

 Reporting Rationale

     Frequently, concentrations of a  radionuclide  in  environmental
 media  are  close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
 is zero,  the  net  counting  results  should  statistically  show  a
 distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs
 when the  background count is subtracted from a sample which has  only
 background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported
 numerically when the results were less  than  a  specified  reporting
 level  or  minimum  detectable level. The present reporting procedure
 allows all the  data  to  be  reported  and  evaluated  statistically
without   an  arbitrary  cutoff  of  small  or  negative numbers. This
approach will facilitate estimates of bias in  the  nuclide  analyses
and  will  allow  better  evaluation  of  distributions and trends in
environmental data.

     When reviewing the  data  in  this  report,  caution  should  be
exercised  in  the  interpretation  of  individual  negative  Values.
Obviously,  a  negative  activity  value  does  not   have   physical
significance.  Such  numbers,  however,  are  significant  when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the  true  value
of   a  distribution  is  near  zero.  When  an  average  of  several
measurements produces a result  less  than  zero,   this  indicates  a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.

          (1) Reported Values

          Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will
     be reported as the counting results indicate,  whether the number
     is negative, zero, or positive.  Numerical values  given are as of
     sample collection date.

          Gross Analyses - The actual value   of  gross  radioactivity
     measurements  will  be  reported,   unless the  value is below the
     minimum detectable level (MDL)  at the 2 sigma  confidence  level,
     then < minimum detectable level will be reported.
                                   111

-------
     M0L is defined as the 3 sigma error of  the  background.   A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.

     (2) Reported Error Terms

     Each  reported  value  for  specific   analyses    will   be
accompanied  by  a  counting  error  term  at  the 2  sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined  by
specific  activity  analyses. Error terms are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very  low  levels  characteristic  of
most   ERAMS   measurements,  counting  error  is  the  greatest
contributor to overall error.

     (3) Significant Figures

     All reported values will be rounded to no more  than  three
significant   figures.  The  last  significant  figure  will  be
increased by one if the figure following  is  five  or  greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.

     (A) Reporting Levels

     The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1.
Smallest increments  are  sometimes  considerably  smaller  than
minimum   detectable  amounts  to  avoid  truncation  errors  in
averaging.

     (5) Averages

     Averages will be calculated along  with  appropriate  error
terms  in  an  annual  summary  and  analysis  of ERAMS data. In
calculating  these  averages,  all  values  of  individual  data
including  negative  numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be Included in ERD quarterly reports.
                               IV

-------
                       TABLE 1




ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels




                for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross alpha
Gross beta


Tritium

Carbon-14
Krypton-85
Plutonium-238,
239


Uranium-234 ,
235,238


Radium -2 2 6
Strontium-90

Reporting
Media Units
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Milk
Ambient Air
Air
Milk
Water
Air
Milk
Water
Water
Milk
Water
pCi/1
pCi/m3
pCi/1
nCi/m2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCl/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/m3
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(a)
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 pCi/1
2 pCi/m3
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1

-------
Radionuclide
Strontlum-89
Iodine-131


Iodine-129
Iodlne-127
Cesium -13 7

Barium-140

Potassium

Potassium-40
Media
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCl/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
radiochemical
fCi/1
8/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
g/1
g/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis)
.1 fCi/1
10 g/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 g/1
.1 g/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
5 pCi/l(c>
10 PCi/l(O
10 pCi/l(O
.4 pCi/1
.4 fCi/1
10 g/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/lCc)
10 pCi/l(c)
.12 g/1
.12 g/1
100 pCi/1
(a)  The value in terms of nCi/m2  would be dependent on precipitation (mm)
(b)  This value in terms of pCi/ir* would be dependent on the air volume.
(c)  Activity as of the day of counting.
                                     VI

-------
                                                           DATA - EPA
                         ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
                    AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I.  Air Program

                Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

     Gross  beta  radioactivity  measurements  and  certain  specific
analyses  are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national)  impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.

     Airborne  particulates  are  collected  continuously  at   field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present  and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity.  Sampling sites  are
located  throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.

     Filters ( 10-cm  diameter  synthetic fiber )  from  air  samplers
are  changed  twice weekly and field measurements  are made with a  G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection  to  allow  for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail   depending  on  the
activity levels found.

     The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive  analyses  in  a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
showing  laboratory gross  beta  counts  greater than  1  pCi/m .  The
lower  gross  beta  values  reported  for laboratory measurements  are
largely due to the decay of radionuclides which  occurred between  the
times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.

     Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations  where
air  filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they  are  composited  monthly  for  tritium,  gross  beta   activity
measurements and gamma scans.

     These locations also  correspond  to  airborne  particulate  and
drinking  water  sampling  locations selected for  plutonium analyses.
Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235,  and  -238  analyses  are
performed  annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.

-------
     Tables  2-4  present  the   monthly    average    gross    beta
concentrations in airborne participates  for October - December  1982.

     Tables  5-7  present  the   monthly    average    gross    beta
concentration in precipitation October - December 1982.

     The specific gamma results  will  be  published when  they  are
available.

     A compilation of individual measurements is available  from  the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL  36193.

     The tritium in precipitation samples for October - December 1982
at the selected stations are shown in Table 8.

-------
                             TABLE 2

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                          OCTOBER 1982

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES

                         5-HR FIELD         EERF LAB
                          ESTIMATE         MEASUREMENT
LOCATION        # SAM   MAX  MIN  AVG    MAX   MIN   AVG

                          (PCi/m3)          (pCi/m3)

 AL:MONTGOMERY       9   1.5  0.2  0.7   0.06  0.01  0.02
 CAtBERKELEY         9   0.1  0.1  0.1   0.04  0.00  0.02
 CArLOS ANGELES      9   1.2  0.4  0.8   0.05  0.01  0.02
 CT:HARTFORD         8   0.6  0.1  0.3   0.01  0.01  0.01
 DErWILMINGTON       8   0.3  0.0  0.1   0.05  0.01  0.02
 FL:MIAMI            9   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00  0.01
 HI:HONOLULU         8   0.3  0.1  0.1   0.01  0.00  0.00
 IA:IOWA CITY        8   0.6  0.0  0.3   0.09  0.00  0.02
 IDrBOISE            8   1.4  0.1  0.5   0.02  0.00  0.01
 ID:IDAHO FALLS      8   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.02  0.01  0.01
 IL:CHICAGO          9   1.1  0.2  0.6   0.04  0.01  0.03
 ME:AUGUSTA          8   0.6  0.2  0.3   0.02  0.00  0.01
 MO:JEFFERSON CITY   9   1.0  0.1  0.4   0.07  0.01  0.02
 MS:JACKSON          5   0.5  0.1  0.3   0.03  0.00  0.01
 ND:BISMARCK         9   0.8  0.1  0.4   0.03  0.00  0.01
 NH:CONCORD          9   13.0  0.4  3.5   0.04  0.00  0.01
 NJ:TRENTON          8   0.5  0.1  0.3   0.06  0.00  0.01
 NM:SANTA FE         7   1.0  0.3  0.6   0.06  0.01  0.02
 NV:LAS VEGAS        6   1.4  0.2  0.8   0.04  0.01  0.02
 NY:ALBANY           9   1.4  0.0  0.4   0.04  0.01  0.02
 NY:NEW YORK CITY    9   0.3  0.1  0.2   0.06  0.01  0.02
 NY:NIAGARA FALLS    9   0.2  0.1  0.1   0.02  0.01  0.01
 NY:SYRACUSE         8   0.4  0.0   0.2   0.03  0.01  0.02
 OH:COLUMBUS         8   1.2  0.2   0.6   0.04  0.01  0.02
 OH:PAINESVILLE      9   0.9  0.2   0.4   0.06  0.01  0.02
 OH:TOLEDO           8   2.6  0.3   0.8   0.09  0.00  0.03
 OR:PORTLAND          9   0.0  0.0   0.0   0.02  0.00  0.01
 PA:HARRISBURG       12   1.8  0.3   0.9   0.06  0.01  0.02
 PArPITTSBURGH        9   0.8  0.3   0.6   0.03  0.01  0.02
 RI:PROVIDENCE        6   0.7  0.1   0.3   0.02  0.01  0.01
 SCtBARNWELL          1   0.7  0.1   0.1   0.02  0.01  0.01
 SC:COLUMBIA          9    1.4  0.2   0.6   0.07  0.01  0.03
 SD:PIERRE            8    (3.7  0.0   0.5   0.03  0.01  0.02
 TX'AUSTIN            8    1.9  o.4   1.3   0.04  o.oi  0.02
 TX:EL PASO           8    1.4  0.3   0.7   0.06  0.01  0.03
 VA-LYNCHBURG         9    1.4  0.0   0.3   0.03  0.01  0.01
 WA«SEATTLE           8    0.1   0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00 0.00
 WA-SPOKANE           7    5.2   0.2   1.0   0.02  0.00 0.01
 WI:MADISON           7    0.5   0.1   0.3   0.02  0.00 0.01
 WY:CHEYENNE          1    2.5   0.2  2.5   0.01  0.01 0.01

 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m"3

-------
                             TABLE 3

                      AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                          NOVEMBER 1982

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES

                         5-HR FIELD         EERF LAB
                          ESTIMATE         MEASUREMENT
LOCATION        # SAM   MAX  MIN  AVG    MAX   MIN   AVG


                          (pCi/m3)          (pCi/m3)
AL:
CA:
CA:
CT:
DE:
FL:
HI:
IA:
ID:
ID:
IL:
ME:
MO:
ND:
NH:
NJ:
NM:
NV:
NY:
NY:
NY:
NY:
OH:
OH:
OH:
OR:
PA:
PA:
RI :
SC:
SC:
SD:
TN:
TX:
TX:
VA:
WA:
WA:
WI:
MONTGOMERY
BERKELEY
LOS ANGELES
HARTFORD
WILMINGTON
MIAMI
HONOLULU
IOWA CITY
BOISE
IDAHO FALLS
CHICAGO
AUGUSTA
JEFFERSON CITY
BISMARCK
CONCORD
TRENTON
SANTA FE
LAS VEGAS
ALBANY
NEW YORK CITY
NIAGARA FALLS
SYRACUSE
COLUMBUS
PAINESVILLE
TOLEDO
PORTLAND
HARRISBURG
PITTSBURGH
PT3 f\\7 T T^TT XT i"* "G*
t J\ \J V Xl/I!jNl_*Ei
BARNWELL
vOLUMoI A.
PIERRE
NASHVILLE
AUSTIN
EL PASO
LYNCHBURG
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
MADISON
MINIMUM DETECTABLE
MINIMUM DETECTABLE
9
9
9
9
9
4
9
9
9
9
2
9
9
9
8
7
6
9
9
9
7
9
9
9
9
9
13
8
5
2
8
8
12
9
2
8
8
9
9
LIMIT
LIMIT
1.1
0.2
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.9
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.6
6.9
0.4
0.5
1.1
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.4
1.3
0.0
1.4
0.5
0.5
0.0
1.3
0.8
17.9
2.7
1.1
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.6
FOR
FOR
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
2.3
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.6
4.8
1.1
0.9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o.._
.02
.02
.03
.02
.01
.01
.01
.04
.02
.02
.02
.03
.02
.03
.02
.02
.01
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.03
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.03
.02
.02
.01
.05
.02
.04
.02
.02
.05
.01
.02
.02
FIELD ESTIMATES -
LAB MEASUREMENT -
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•

•



•
•

•
•

•
•
•
•
t

•
•

•

*
01
01
00
01
01
00
00
01
00
00
01
01
01
01
01
00
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
00
01
01
00
01
01
01
01
01
01
00
00
00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01

o!oi
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
.1 pCi/m3
.01 pCi/m3

-------
                             TABLE 4

                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                          DECEMBER 1982
                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
LOCATION
# SAM
 5-HR FIELD
  ESTIMATE
MAX  MIN  AVG
   EERF LAB
  MEASUREMENT
MAX   MIN   AVG
                          (pCi/m3)
                            (pCi/m3)
 AL:MONTGOMERY
 CA:BERKELEY
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CT:HARTFORD
 DE:WILMINGTON
 FLrMIAMI
 HI:HONOLULU
 IA:IOWA CITY
 ID:BOISE
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 ME:AUGUSTA
 MO:JEFFERSON CITY
 ND:BISMARCK
 NH: CONCORD
 NJ:TRENTON
 NM:SANTA FE
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NY:ALBANY
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:NIAGARA FALLS
 NY SYRACUSE
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OH:PAINESVILLE
 OH:TOLEDO
 OR: PORTLAND
 PA:HARRISBURG
 PA:PITTSBURGH
 RI:PROVIDENCE
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
 TN:NASHVILLE
 TX:AUSTIN
 VA:LYNCHBURG
 WA:SEATTLE
 WA:SPOKANE
 WI:MADISON
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
8
9
9
9
5
6
9
7
9
9
4
8
9
8
9
13
9
7
3
9
9
18
9
7
7
9
9
0.5
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.3
1.3
4.8
0.3
0.3
2.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.1
1.2
0.0
1.8
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
1.7
0.1
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3

-------
                      TABLE 5

     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                    OCTOBER 1982
 LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO rDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR: PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
               DEPTH   ACT.  + 2s
                     (mm)   (nCi/m2)
   SPECIFIC
  GAMMA ACT.


(pCi/1)
41.3
10.8
34.3
25.2
20.9
18.0
14.1
22.0
10.8
126.0
36.0
10.0
22.3
10.0
34.4
106.6
42.5
51.3
16.5
29.5
0.08
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.19
0.09
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.13
0.04
0.07
0.01
0.25
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                      TABLE 6
     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                    NOVEMBER 1982
 LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
ND:BISMARCK
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH .-COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH   ACT.  + 2s
                     (mm)   (nCi/m2)
   SPECIFIC
  GAMMA ACT.

(pCi/1)
145.0
35.8
19.3
35.0
56.5
22.5
93.1
10.0
22.5
73.4
109.5
145.5
70.3
66.8
39.0
27.5
66.5
8.7
108.3
0.21
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.12
0.52
0.07
0.05
0.09
0.12
0.05
0.01
0.77
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.09
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND   NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                      TABLE 7
     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                    DECEMBER 1982
 LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MItLANSING
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH   ACT.  + 2s
                     (mm)   (nCi/m2)
   SPECIFIC
  GAMMA ACT.


(pCi/1)
157.5
15.6
8.4
7.8
66.3
83.0
145.9
81.6
11.3
11.3
5.0
21.0
8.0
49.3
91.8
274.5
33.8
45.0
113.8
39.4
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.08
0.04
0.07
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.51
0.37
0.02
0.03
0.21
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.07
0.13
0.01
0.02
0.07
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND   NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                      TABLE 7.1

     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                     JULY 1982
 LOCATION




OH:COLUMBUS

OR:PORTLAND



PA-.PITTSBURGH

VA.-LYNCHBURG
OR:PORTLAND
DEPTH   ACT.  + 2s

 (mm)   (nCi/m2)

 39.4   0.04   0.02

 22.2   0.15   0.02



 40,0   0.08   0.02

 98.4   0.36   0.06


AUGUST 1982

 25.0   0.12   0.02
 SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.


 (pCl/1)

2l4Bi 45 + 87%

106Ru 51+75%

  7Be 37 + 61%

2l4Bi 48 + 82%

232Th 32 + 94%
  Be 4.7 + 52%
   s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                         TABLE  8
                      PRECIPITATION
                  TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                 OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION

AL; MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI;LAN SING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ .'TRENTON
NV:LAS  VEGAS
NY:NEW  YORK  CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA:HARRISBURG
 PA PITTSBURGH
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 TX:AUSTIN
 VA:LYNCHBURG
OCTOBER
nCi/1 + 2s
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
NS
0.5 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NOVEMBER
nCl/1 + 2s
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
NS
NS
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
2.4 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.4 0.2
DECEMBER
nCi/1 + 2s
0.3 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.6 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.7 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
 NS   NO SAMPLE
   8   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                               10

-------
             Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates

     Environmental radiation levels  of  plutonium  and  uranium  are
determined  by  the  analyses  of  quarterly  composite  samples (air
filters)  collected  from   the   continuously   operating   airborne
particulate  samplers.  The number of continuously operating stations
is being increased from the original 22  will  eventually  number  67
when all equipment is operational.

     Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by  liquid  ion  exchange,  and  coprecipitation  of the plutonium or
uranium.

     Concentration of the specific isotopes of  plutonium-238,  -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to  40,000  m3
for each quarterly composite.

     Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for  July  -
September  1982  are  shown for the 42 stations operating during this
period in Table 9.
                                  11

-------
                                       TABLE  9
                      PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE  PARTICULATES
                             JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982  COMPOSITES
LOCATION

AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CAiLOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
PL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI'.LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON  CITY
MS:JACKSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OHlPAINESVILLE
 OH:TOLEDO
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA:HARRISBURG
 PA'.PITTSBURGH
 RI:PROVIDENCE
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
 TX:AUSTIN
 TX:EL PASO
 VA:LYNCHBURG
 WA:SEATTLE
 WA:SPOKANE
 WI:MADISON
                           238
                              Pu
                             239
                                Pu
iCi/m3+ 2s
0.8 0.5
0.5 0.4
0.4 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.5
-0.3
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.6
-0.2
1.7
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.7
-0.2
0.6
0.2
0.2
1.1
0.3
1.3
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.6
1.3
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.6
2.2
0.3
1.1
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.6 0.6
aCl/m3+ 2s
1.4 0.6
1.5 0.7
1.7 0.7
1.2 0.5
2.8
0.5
1.0
1.1
1.2
3.5
2.9
1.5
1.4
3.4
1.9
1.2
1.3
1.0
3.1
2.1
1.5
17.0
2.4
1.0
1.5
2.5
2.4
1.4
1.8
0.6
2.7
1.9
1.5
2.0
1.3
3.4
2.1
0.6
1.6
0.9
1.5
1.1
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.6
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.9
0.9
1.3
2.6
1.4
0.9
0.7
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.4
1.3
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.6
1.1
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
                                 234,
235,
238
                                                                               U
aCi/m3+ 2s
18.5 3.7
8.6 1.8
29.2 4.3
23.2 4.4
11.8 2.1
57.8 12.7
23.6 3.7
7.3 2.0
17.9 2.6
42.4 8.1
43.3 6.1
21.4 3.7
18.2 3.3
19.1 5.2
19.5 2.9
17.3 2.8
20.5 3.1
17.1 3.3
44.5 5.8
10.2 3.0
33.6 6.8
81.2 9.2
30.3 5.4
22.4 4.6
26.9 4.2
34.0 4.6
51.4 7.7
22.0 3.4
25.9 3.8
15.7 3.2
26.2 4.7
54.8 7.6
15.0 2.8
11.9 2.9
30.5 4.3
27.6 4.3
19.1 3.2
34.1 5.4
141.9 15.9
10.3 2.2
31.3 4.8
12.5 2.8
aCi/m3+ 2s
0.4 0.4
1.0 0.6
4.2 1.3
1.1 0.8
0.0 0.3
3.5 2.2
0.9 0.5
1.0 0.7
0.6 0.4
5.9 2.2
4.0 1.2
0.8 0.6
0.8 0.5
0.4 0.7
0.9 0.5
1.8 0.7
0.5 0.4
0.9 0.7
2.4 0.9
0.6 0.6
2.2 1.5
4.2 1.1
0.4 0.5
1.7 1.1
1.6 0.8
1.9 0.7
2.7 1.1
1.8 0.8
0.9 0.5
2.6 1.1
0.8 0.7
2.0 0.9
0.2 0.2
1.1 0.8
2.3 0.8
1.4 0.8
2.1 0.9
2.7 1.2
4.9 1.2
1.2 0.7
1.2 0.7
0.2 0.4
aCi/m3+ 2s
20.8 3.9
8.9 1.9
28.5 4.2
17.2 3.5
11.1 2.0
28.4 9.5
22.8 3.6
6.0 1.8
19.8 2.8
42.0 8.0
44.2 6.2
25.0 4.2
14.0 2.7
16.5 4.7
19.2 2.9
15.1 2.6
17.0 2.7
14.3 3.0
38.5 5.2
11.9 3.2
30.2 6.2
50.1 6.1
31.4 5.6
23.4 4.7
31.8 4.8
31.6 4.3
39.3 6.2
20.4 3.2
28.0 4.1
11.9 2.7
18.8 3.8
54.7 7.6
16.0 2.9
13.3 3.0
24.9 3.7
27.6 4.4
21.9 3.5
34.5 5.4
8.6 1.7
9.8 2.2
30.5 4.7
11.4 2.6
  THE
      238
Pu AND
       239
Pu CONCENTRATIONS REPORTED IN THIS TABLE HAVE BEEN ROUNDED,
        SIGMA COUNTING  ERROR
                                            12

-------
                               Krypton-85

     Krypton-85 Is a long-lived noble gas with a half  life  of  10.8
years.  It  is  released  into  the  atmosphere  by  nuclear  reactor
operations,  fuel  fabrication,  fuel   reprocessing,   and   nuclear
detonations.  Krypton-85  also  occurs  naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84  as  well  as
spontaneous   fission   and   neutron-induced   fission  of  uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the  atmosphere  has  been  conducted  to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.

     Krypton-85  analysis  began  in   January   1973   with   sample
collections  and  analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of  the
United  States  with  considerations  being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing  plants,  nuclear  reactors,  and  wide  geographic
coverage.

     Dry compressed air samples,  collected  at  each  location,  are
purchased  from  commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.

     The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available
                                  13

-------
                                                          DATA - EPA
                                 ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program

     The ERAMS water  program  provides  ambient  radiation  data  to
assess  the  effects  of  the  nuclear  power  industry,  the natural
radiation environment, and other  nuclear  sources  on  the  nation's
rivers, streams and drinking water supplies.

                             Surface Water

     Grab   samples  are  taken  quarterly  at  58  stations   located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.

     Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses  quarterly
and    gamma  scans  annually.  Tritium  is  the  primary  radioactive
pollutant  from nuclear  power plants.

     Tritium  concentrations are determined  by   liquid  scintillation
counting  of  distilled  samples. Gamma  scans are  performed annually  to
determine  if  there  is a buildup of other  contaminants.

      Tritium  concentrations  for surface water  samples  for   October
December 1982 are given in Table  10.
                                    14

-------
                                   TABLE 10

                                SURFACE WATER
                            TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                           OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
  LOCATION

 AL:DECATUR
 AL:DOTHAN
 ALrSCOTTSBORO
 CArCLAY STATION
 CA:EUREKA
 COrGREELEY
 CTrEAST HADDAM
 CT:WATERFORD
 FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
 FL:FT.  PIERCE
 FL:HOMESTEAD
 IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
 ID:BUHL
 IL:MARSEILLES
 IL:MOLINE
 IL:MDRRIS
 IL:OREGON
 IL:ZION
 LArNEW  ORLEANS
 MA:PLYMOUTH
 MA:ROWE
 MD:CONOWINGO
 MD:LUSBY
 ME:WISCASSET
 MI:BRIDGMAN
 MI:CHARLEVOIX
 MI:MONROE
 MI:SOUTH HAVEN
 MN:MONTICELLO
 MN:RED  WING
 MS:PORT GIBSON
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 NC:SOUTHPORT
 NJ:BAYSIDE
 NJ:OYSTER CREEK
 NY:OSSINING
 NY:OSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
 SC:ALLENDALE
     SOURCE

 TENNESSEE RIVER
 CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
 TENNESSEE RIVER
 FOLSOM S. CANAL
 HUMBOLDT BAY
 SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
 CONNECTICUT RIVER
 LONG ISLAND SOUND
 GULF OF MEXICO
 ATLANTIC OCEAN
 BISCAYNE BAY
 CEDAR RIVER
 SNAKE RIVER
 ILLINOIS RIVER
 MISSISSIPPI RIVER
 ILLINOIS RIVER
 ROCK RIVER
 LAKE MICHIGAN
 MISSISSIPPI RIVER
 CAPE CODE BAY
 DEERFIELD RIVER
 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
 CHESAPEAKE BAY
 MONTSEWAY BAY
 LAKE MICHIGAN
 LAKE MICHIGAN
 LAKE ERIE
 LAKE MICHIGAN
 MISSISSIPPI  RIVER
 MISSISSIPPI  RIVER
 MISSISSIPPI  RIVER
 CATAWBA RIVER
 ATLANTIC  OCEAN
 DELAWARE  RIVER
 OYSTER CREEK
 HUDSON RIVER
 LAKE ONTARIO
 HUDSON RIVER
 LAKE ERIE
COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
 SAVANNAH  RIVER
   DATE
 COLLECTED

 10/  5/82
 10/  6/82
 10/  4/82
 10/  7/82
 10/  7/82
 10/29/82
 10/28/82
 III  2/82
 10/  5/82
 10/  5/82
 10/13/82
 10/  5/82
 10/15/82
 11/15/82
 11/15/82
 11/15/82
 11/15/82
 10/15/82
 10/  6/82
 10/13/82
 12/  1/82
 10/12/82
 10/11/82
 10/  5/82
 10/  9/82
 10/  8/82
 10/11/82
 10/11/82
 10/21/82
 10/15/82
 10/21/82
 10/11/82
 10/ 5/82
 10/ 5/82
 10/ 7/82
11/17/82
11/15/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/31/82
10/20/82
10/21/82
nCi/1

 0.5
 0.3
 0.4
 0.4
 0.2
 1.2
 1.5
 0.4
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 0.4
 0.5
 0.5
 0.2
 0.4
 0.2
 0.3
 0.3
 0.3
 0.5
 0.4
 0.6
 0.2
 0.3
 0.4
 0.4
 0.3
 0.2
 0.5
 0.3
 0.3
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 0.3
 0.3
 0.2
 0.3
 0.3
 4.0
 ±  2s

 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
                                        15

-------
 LOCATION

SC:BROAD RIVER
SCrHARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TNrKINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
VA:DOSWELL
VArNEWPORT NEWS
VTrVERNON
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:TWO CREEKS
WI:VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
                            TABLE 10  (CONTINUED)

                               SURFACE  WATER
                           TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                          OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
    SOURCE

BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
NORTH ANNA RIVER
JAMES RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
  DATE
COLLECTED

10/15/82
10/11/82
12/14/82
ll/ 4/82
10/14/82
10/15/82
12/21/82
12/29/82
ll/ 9/82
10/11/82
10/26/82
11/11/82
10/ 5/82
nCi/1

 0.5
 0.7
 0.6
 1.1
 0.5
 3.2
 0.6
 0.3
 0.4
 0.3
 0.5
 0.3
 0.4
   2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
  s    SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                        16

-------
                             Drinking Water

     The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant  to  the  effects  of  the  nuclear  power industry, natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These  data  serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA  "National  Interim  Primary  Drinking
Water   Regulations."  These  regulations  provide  for  approval  of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228  levels  do  not
exceed  5  pCi/1,  when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when  tritium  levels  do  not  exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.

     Grab samples are taken  at  78  sites  which  are  either  major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.

     The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b)  gross
alpha,  gross  beta,  and  strontium-90  on  annual composites (gamma
analyses are performed if the gross beta activity is greater than  10
pCi/1; radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2
pCi/1; and  radium-228  analyses  are  performed  if  the  radium-226
activity  falls  between  3  and  5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is
performed on one quarterly sample per year for each  station  (d)  an
annual composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, on
22  selected  sampling  locations   corresponding   to   continuously
operating air particulate stations.

     Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of  the
distilled  samples,  gross  beta,  and  gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226  by
the  standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.

     The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for October
December 1982 are shown in Table 11.

     All samples were  taken  as  either  a  single  grab  sample  or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
                                  17

-------
                       TABLE 11

                    DRINKING WATER
                TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

               OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
 LOCATION

AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
COsDENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DE:DOVER
FLrMIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA:ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MNMINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS  '
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
DATE
COLLECTED
10/21/82
10/ 6/82
10/14/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 1/82
10/29/82
10/29/82
10/20/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 6/82
10/18/82
10/26/82
10/26/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/22/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
12/ 1/82
10/ 4/82
10/12/82
10/ 7/82
10/15/82
10/11/82
10/ 1/82
10/15/82
10/ 7/82
10/13/82
10/ 7/82
10/11/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 1/82
12/30/82
10/ 7/82
10/14/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 7/82
11/19/82
10/13/82

nCi/1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
3.8
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2

± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0 2
v • JM
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                           18

-------
                 TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)

                    DRINKING WATER
                TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

               OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982
 LOCATION

NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA;HARRISBURG
PA: PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC: BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SCrHARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VArLYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
 S    SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 4/82
10/21/82
11/15/82
10/22/82
ll/ 9/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/12/82
10/ 5/82
10/14/82
10/13/82
ll/ 9/82
10/26/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 7/82
10/11/82
10/15/82
10/20/82
10/ 1/82
10/ 7/82
10/26/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/11/82
10/ 4/82
11/11/82
10/11/82

nCi/1
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2

+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                           19

-------
                      Radon-222  in Drinking Water
     Radon-222 in drinking water has  previously  been  considered  a
source  of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint.
The Office of Radiation Programs  (ORP)  of  the  U.S.  Environmental
Protection  Agency  (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to
evaluate  the  possibility  that  a  major  pathway  from  inhalation
exposure  may exist in addition to the ingestion pathway. As an inert
gas, radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently  can
be  released  during  any  operation  that aerates or agitates water.
Depending  upon  the  initial  concentration  of  radon   in   water,
significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the
general environment.

     To determine the scope of this  potential  problem,  a  national
ground  water  sampling  program  has  been  initiated by the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility  (EERF)  to  obtain  data  on  radon
concentrations  in  water  supplies  throughout the country. Sampling
kits have been assembled by EERF and  distributed  to  various  state
health  departments.  The kit is designed so that state personnel can
collect samples from potable water supplies and  ship  them,  without
loss of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis.

     The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by  two
separate  methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from
all groundwater supplies serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in
which  the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to
be sampled is left to the discretion  of  the  state  programs.  Each
state  is  asked  to obtain a representative sampling of ground water
supplies within its boundaries. The extent of  the  sampling  efforts
and  how  representative the data are for a given state is determined
primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program.

     The concentrations of radon in water are determined at the  EERF
by  liquid  scintillation  counting.  The limit of detection for this
technique using a 50-minute count and a 10-ml sample is 0.16  oCi  or
16 pci/1.

     The sampling kits are being provided to the various states on  a
rotating schedule. This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within
approximately two years.

     Data will be published as it becomes available.
                                  20

-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program

     The external gamma monitoring program, which  began  in  October
1978,  provides  a  continuous  measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United  States.  Data  from  this  program  will  be used to evaluate
fluctuations In natural background due to variations In environmental
conditions  and  to  provide  a  means  of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due  to  weapons  fallout,  reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing  a  wide  geographic  coverage  throughout  the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not  totally  representative  of  nationwide  exposures, they will be
indicative of national trends.

     The  monitoring  program  utilizes   CaF2:Mn   thermoluminescent
dosimeters  (TLD's).  These  dosimeters  are  commercially  available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A  group
of  four  TLD's  is  located  at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in  the  field.
The  dosimeters  are  returned  to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several 'dosimeters  are  annealed  by  the  station
operator  as  controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.

     Results from the period October - December  1982  are  shown  in
Table 12.
                                   21

-------
                               TABLE  12
            ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
                                         INTEGRATED       EXPOSURE
     LOCATION          DATE RANGE         EXPOSURE          RATE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CA: BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
PL:ORLANDO
FL: ORLANDO
ID:BOISE
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
IL: CHICAGO
IL:CHIC AGO
ND:BISMARCK
ND: BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
 NJ:TRENTON
 NJ:TRENTON
 NJ: TRENTON
 NM:SANTA FE
 NM:SANTA FE
 NM:SANTA FE
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NY:NEW YORK
 NY:NEW YORK
 NY:NEW YORK
 OH: COLUMBUS
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
 OR:PORTLAND
 OR:PORTLAND
 OR PORTLAND
  PA:HARRISBURG
  PA:HARRISBURG
  PA:HARRISBURG
  PA:PITTSBURGH
  PA:PITTSBURGH
  PA:PITTSBURGH
                     MR

100482-110182        5.5
111282-120182        3.5
120182- 10383        6.1
100182-110182        3.8
110182-120182        7.3
120182-123182        4.4
100582-110382       10.3
110382-113082        6.3
113082- 10583       12.7
 93082-102882        3.7
102882-112982        4.1
112982- 10783        5.4
100682-110882        9.1
120782- 10683        8.0
100582-102982        4.1
102982-120382        6.1
120382- 10483        5/2
100782-110582        6.1
110582-113082        5.3
113082-  10483        7.2
100882-110882        7.6
110882-120282         5.6
 120282-  10783         8.2
 100582-110482         9.8
 110482-113082         8.2
 113082- 10783        11.9
  93082-110182        11.7
 110182-113082         4.3
 113082- 10383        5.1
 100682-110582        5.6
 110582-121482        7.5
 121482- 12083        6.1
 100182-110182        5.3
 110182-120182        5.3
 120182- 10683        5.6
 102182-111982        5.3
 111982- 10383        9.0
 100682-110482         5.2
 110482-120282        4.4
 120282- 10483         5.8
 100482-102882         3.6
 102882-112982         4.9
 112982-123082         4.4
 100182-110382         9.7
  110382-120382         7.6
  120382- 10383         9.2
                                                      MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
8.2
7.8
7.7
5.2
10.1
6.1
14.8
9.7
14.8
5.5
5.3
5.8
11.5
11.1
7.1
7.3
6.7
8.7
8.9
6.2
10.2
9.8
9.5
13.5
13.2
13.1
15.2
6.1
6.2
7.7
8.0
6.8
7.1
7.3
6.5
7.6
8.3
7.5
6.5
7.3
6.2
6.4
6.0
12.3
10.5
12.3
10.7
7.6
7.4
18.4
8.5
8.5
3.5
4.9
4.8
8.4
5.6
9.2
5.8
13.9
3.8
7.1
4.8
6.1
4.1
6.2
8.8
5.7
4.5
9.8
7.4
10.8
4.8
8.0
28.0
5.1
7.1
48.2
8.4
6.4
9.1
14.8
3.5
10.9
13.1
21.3
6.0
6.9
22.6
3.7
4.7
7.2
                                      22

-------
                          TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
            ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
                                         INTEGRATED       EXPOSURE
     LOCATION          DATE RANGE         EXPOSURE          RATE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TNiKNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
VT rMONTPELIER
VT rMONTPELIER
*  s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR  (IN PERCENT)
                                           MR
102182-111082
111082-121382
121382- 11383
102182-110482
120782- 11383
100182-110182
110182-113082
113082- 10483
100182-110482
110482-113082
113082-123082
100482-110182
110182-120182
120182- 10383
100482-110182
110182-120382
120382- 10483
4.8
10.0
7.5
2.4
8.3
6.5
6.3
7.3
7.4
5.6
6.9
5.5
5.3
6.0
5.4
5.5
6.2
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
 9.9
12.6
10.1
 7.2
 9.3
 8.8
 9.1
 8.7
 9.1
 8.9
 9.6
 8.1
 7.3
 7.6
 8.0
 7.2
 8.1
16.3
 5.0
 6.9
 6.0
 6.0
 5.8
 5.3
 4
16
 8.3
 7.1
 3.9
25.7
 7.1
 6.4
 5.5
 6.6
               .5
               .2
                                    23

-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program

                            Pasteurized Milk

     This is a cooperative program of the EPA,  ORP  and the Dairy   and
Lipid  Products  Branch,  Milk  Sanitation  Section,   Food  and  Drug
Administration.  Milk  is  a  reliable  indicator  of    the   general
populations  intake  of radionuclides since it  is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several   of   the  biologically
important  contaminants  resulting  from  environmental releases  from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this  program is  to  obtain
reliable   monitoring   data   relative   to   current   radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.

     Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with  one  or
more  located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of  the  milk
consumed in a given population center.

     These  samples  are   analyzed   for   iodine-131,   bariura-140,
cesium-137,  and  potassium.  All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also,  for the first month of
the  three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from  the  states  within  each  of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90.

     Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are  determined
by   gamma  spectral  analysis.  Strontium-89  and  strontium-90  are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate  which  has
been chemically separated by ion-exchange.

     The values from the  pasteurized  milk  samples  for  October  -
December 1982 are shown in Tables 13 - 15.

     Strontium  values  from  regional  composite  samples  collected
October  - December 1982 are shown in Table 16.

                            Tritium  in Milk

     It was previously  proposed to analyze all 65  milk   samples  for
tritium  in the aqueous  and organic phases, on an annual  basis  (on the
April  sample).  The  EERF  is   currently   evaluating   alternative
analytical  techniques  anticipating   that  these  analyses will  begin
during the coming year.
                                  24

-------
                                  TABLE 13

              CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                                OCTOBER 1982
 LOCATION

 AK:ANCHORAGE
 AL:MONTGOMERY
 AZ:PHOENIX
 CA:LOS  ANGELES
 CA:SACRAMENTO
 CA:SAN  FRANCISCO
 CO:DENVER
 CT:HARTFORD
 DE:WILMINGTON
 GA:ATLANTA
 HI .-HONOLULU
 IA:DES  MOINES
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 IN:INDIANAPOLIS
 KS:WICHITA
 KY:LOUISVILLE
 LA:NEW  ORLEANS
 MA:BOSTON
 MD:BALTIMORE
 ME:PORTLAND
 MI:DETROIT
 MI:GRAND RAPIDS
 MN:MINNEAPOLIS
 MO:KANSAS CITY
 MO:ST.  LOUIS
 MS:JACKSON
 MT:HELENA
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:MINOT
 NE:OMAHA
 NH:MANCHESTER
 NJ:TRENTON
 NY:BUFFALO
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH CINCINNATI
 OHCLEVELAND
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
PC .-CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/14/82
10/18/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 6/82
10/29/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/28/82
10/ 5/82
10/11/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 5/82
10/29/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 1/82
10/12/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 8/82
10/ 6/82
10/14/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/11/82
10/12/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 5/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 6/82-
10/28/82
10/22/82
K
g/l+2s
1.55 0.24
1.85 0.25
1.67 0.17
1.86 0.25
1.86 0.25
1.59 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.76 0.24
1.55 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.59 0.24
1.76 0.17
1.62 0.24
1.72 0.17
1.62 0.24
1.55 0.24
1.63 0.17
1.66 0.24
1.75 0.17
1.77 0.24
1.89 0.25
1.76 0.24
1.61 0.24
1.47 0.24
1.71 0.24
1.70 0.24
1.76 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.74 0.24
1.70 0.24
1.65 0.24
1.90 0.25
1.75 0.24
1.71 0.24
1.85 0.25
1.80 0.17
1.76 0.24
1.58 0.24
1.60 0.24
1.64 0.24
1.86 0.25
1.86 0.25
1.74 0.24
1.89 0.25
iJ/Cs
pCi/l+2s
14. 16.
16. 16.
0. 11.
9. 16.
10. 16.
4. 15.
5. 15.
-1. 15.
9. 15.
3. 15.
16. 16.
7. 11.
3. 15.
5. 11.
5. 15.
-6. 15.
0. 11.
0. 16.
15. 11.
8. 15.
5. 15.
9. 16.
10. 15.
-2. 15.
16. 16.
11. 16.
7. 15.
16. 16.
7. 15.
11. 16.
-2. 15.
17. 16.
2. 15.
16. 16.
-2. 15.
10. 11.
0. 15.
6. 15.
8. 15.
3. 15.
5. 15.
4. 15.
29. 16.
17. 16.
iquBa
pCi/l+2s
6. 20.
12. 20.
0. 14.
13. 20.
4. 20.
3. 20.
4. 20.
6. 20.
14. 20.
2. 20.
10. 20.
3. 14.
2. 20.
13. 14.
15. 20.
4. 20.
12. 14.
16. 21.
2. 14.
7. 20.
8. 20.
18. 20.
3. 20.
12. 20.
16. 20.
5. 20.
6. 20.
0. 20.
3. 20.
11. 20.
14. 20.
-4. 20.
-7. 20.
5. 20.
10. 20.
10. 14.
2. 20.
10. 20.
11. 20.
6. 20.
12. 20.
-5. 20.
-1. 20.
10. 20.
ijil
pCl/l+2s
-6. 14.
6. 14.
-4. 10.
7. 14.
-6. 14.
0. 14.
-5. 14.
-2. 14.
-1. 14.
9. 14.
-4. 14.
5. 10.
-3. 14.
-2. 10.
-2. 14.
1. 14.
4. 10.
-14. 14.
-4. 10.
7. 14.
10. 14.
0. 14.
6. 14.
11. 14.
6. 14.
-2. 14.
1. 14.
-5. 14.
0. 14.
4. 14.
6. 14.
7. 14.
0. 14.
-2. 14.
-1. 14.
2. 10.
10. 14.
0. 14.
3. 14.
13. 14.
3. 14.
3. 14.
8. 14.
4. 14.
                                        25

-------
                             TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED  MILK

                                OCTOBER 1982
LOCATION

SC:CHARLESTON
SDrRAPID CITY
TN: CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
10/20/82
10/ 7/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/28/82
10/ 6/82
10/ 4/82
10/14/82
10/ 8/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 4/82
10/ 8/82
10/21/82
10/ 6/82
K ij/
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.82
.86
.76
.81
.81
.83
.75
.70
.63
.82
.64
.76
.55
.74
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.25
.25
.24
.24
.25
.17
.17
.24
.24
.20
.24
.24
.24
.24
Cs
pCi/l+2s
8.
2.
6.
12.
7.
7.
3.
7.
16.
13.
13.
6.
11.
16.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
11.
11.
15.
16.
14.
16.
15.
15.
16.
14<
Ba
pCi/l+2s
9.
0.
-2.
-5.
15.
4.
11.
5.
19.
-2.
-1.
1.
0.
-2.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
14.
14.
20.
20.
17.
20.
20.
20.
20.
13]
LI
pCl/l+2s
0.
5.
-3.
1.
1.
-2.
-3.
1.
6.
1.
7.
4.
6.
6.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
10.
10.
14.
14.
12.
14.
14.
14.
14.
     SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                        26

-------
                                  TABLE  14
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES  IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                NOVEMBER 1982
LOCATION

AL: MONTGOMERY
ARrLITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST. PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
PR:SAN JUAN
DATE
COLLECTED
III 4/82
III 1/82
III 9/82
11/15/82
III 3/82
11/10/82
11/26/82
III 1/82
III 5/82
ll/ 5/82
III 3/82
11/15/82
III 7/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 4/82
ll/ 2/82
11/24/82
III 9/82
III 5/82
III 9/82
ll/ 8/82
11/10/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 3/82
III 9/82
III 3/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 9/82
ll/ 1/82
III 8/82
11/15/82
III 1/82
ll/ 4/82
ll/ 2/82
III 9/82
III 1/82
ll/ 8/82
III 1/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 9/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 3/82
11/23/82
K
g/l+2s
1.60 0.24
1.70 0.17
1.86 0.25
1.73 0.25
1.58 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.82 0.25
1.79 0.24
1.72 0.17
1.72 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.75 0.24
1.80 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.63 0.24
1.71 0.17
1.73 0.24
1.78 0.25
1.76 0.24
1.94 0.25
1.69 0.24
1.62 0.24
2.00 0.25
1.76 0.17
1.71 0.24
1.77 0.24
1.61 0.24
1.80 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.91 0.25
1.55 0.24
1.61 0.17
1.83 0.25
1.73 0.24
1.71 0.17
1.85 0.25
1.68 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.78 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.67 0.24
1.77 0.25
1.72 0.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
5. 15.
4. 11.
9. 15.
-8. 16.
12. 16.
11. 15.
-5. 16.
12. 16.
12. 11.
7. 15.
6. 15.
3. 15.
9. 15.
16. 16.
0. 15.
7. 11.
9. 16.
-15. 15.
7. 15.
14. 16.
9. 15.
11. 15.
15. 16.
1. 11.
5. 15.
8. 15.
5. 15.
-2. 15.
7. 15.
8. 15.
7. 15.
-2. 15.
7. 11.
8. 15.
2. 15.
7. 11.
9. 16.
-6. 15.
4. 15.
6. 15.
14. 16.
11. 16.
-16. 15.
10. 16.
UOBa
pCi/l+2s
2. 20.
7. 14.
-7. 20.
-3. 20.
3. 20.
0. 20.
8. 20.
6. 20.
4. 14.
6. 20.
15. 20.
14. 20.
-3. 20.
4. 20.
1. 20.
-1. 14.
10. 20.
2. 20.
-2. 20.
3. 20.
6. 20.
-2. 20.
10. 20.
12. 14.
1. 20.
9. 20.
5. 20.
5. 20.
-2. 20.
13. 20.
-14. 20.
9. 20.
7. 14.
0. 20.
6. 20.
11. 14.
10. 20.
0. 20.
2. 20.
-1. 20.
4. 20.
2. 20.
12. 21.
-6. 20.
131j
pCi/l+2s
-8. 14.
1. 10.
0. 14.
-2. 14.
-2. 14.
-2. 14.
-14. 14.
2. 14.
1. 10.
2. 14.
2. 14.
1. 14.
8. 14.
5. 14.
0. 14.
0. 10.
9. 14.
-11. 14.
3. 14.
12. 14.
0. 14.
-3. 14.
-1. 14.
-1. 10.
3. 14.
-5. 14.
-7. 14.
-5. 14.
8. 14.
-3. 14.
5. 14.
-1. 14.
4. 10.
5. 14.
10. 14.
-6. 10.
0. 14.
-1. 14.
10. 14.
1. 14.
0. 14.
3. 14.
-9. 14.
-14. 14.
                                        27

-------
                             TABLE 14  (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES  IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                                NOVEMBER 1982
LOCATION

SC:CHARLESTON
SDtRAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TNtKNOXVILLE
TN: MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV: CHARLES TON
WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 9/82
III 5/82
ll/ 8/82
ll/ 8/82
11/18/82
11/17/82
ll/ 1/82
11/15/82
ll/ 5/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 1/82
ll/ 9/82
ll/ 4/82
K
8/l±2s
1.65 0.17
1.65 0.24
1.55 0.24
1.72 0.24
1.77 0.25
1.66 0.24
1.85 0.25
1.55 0.24
1.76 0.24
1.74 0.25
1.82 0.25
1.70 0.24
1.69 0.24
1J'Cs
pCi/l+2s
11. 11.
13. 16.
1. 15.
-3. 16.
-7. 16.
1. 16.
14. 16.
6. 16.
-1. 15.
-2. 16.
9. 16.
5. 15.
7. 15.
lt|UBa
pCi/l+2s
4. 14.
-1. 20.
8. 20.
-4. 20.
0. 20.
3. 20.
12. 20.
3. 20.
-12. 20.
15. 21.
4. 20.
14. 20.
-8. 20.
iJLI
pCi/l+2s
-2. 10.
5. 14.
3. 14.
1. 14.
-8. 14.
-10. 14.
-3. 14.
-8. 14.
3. 14.
-7. 14.
-6. 14.
-5. 14.
11. 14.
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                         28

-------
                                  TABLE  15
             CONCENTRATIONS  OF  RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                                DECEMBER  1982
LOCATION

AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CArLOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CArSAN FRANCISCO
CT:HARTFORD
DC .'WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST. PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OHCINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
DATE
COLLECTED
12/21/82
12/ 8/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 9/82
12/20/82
12/ 2/82
12/ 7/82
127 6/82
12/ 3/82
127 3/82
12/20/82
12/ 1/82
127 7/82
127 6/82
127 8/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
12/17/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 7/82
127 3/82
127 9/82
127 9/82
12/13/82
127 1/82
12/10/82
12/ 8/82
127 6/82
127 8/82
127 6/82
12/13/82
12/10/82
127 6/82
127 2/82
12/13/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
127 6/82
127 7/82
127 7/82
127 6/82
127 8/82
12/16/82
K
g/l±2s
1.65 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.50 0.24
1.80 0.25
1.75 0.25
1.79 0.25
1.65 0.24
1.77 0.14
1.77 0.18
1.72 0.24
1.72 0.25
1.57 0.24
1.69 0.17
1.76 0.25
1.62 0.24
1.69 0.24
1.64 0.24
1.91 0.18
1.71 0.24
1.57 0.24
1.77 0.25
1.66 0.24
1.61 0.17
1.66 0.24
1.57 0.24
1.83 0.25
1.70 0.24
1.56 0.24
1.73 0.17
1.81 0.25
1.76 0.25
1.52 0.14
1.72 0.24
1.79 0.18
1.75 0.18
1.78 0.17
1.77 0.25
1.61 0.24
1.65 0.24
1.96 0.25
1.82 0.18
1.70 0.17
1.79 0.25
1.60 0.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
-5. 16.
-4. 16.
0. 16.
0. 16.
1. 16.
6. 16.
-2. 16.
4. 9.
-3. 11.
-3. 16.
-1. 16.
-11. 15.
5. 11.
-3. 16.
-1. 16.
2. 16.
1. 16.
-5. 11.
-7. 16.
-3. 16.
4. 16.
0. 16.
-4. 11.
-1. 16.
-15. 15.
-6. 16.
-4. 16.
-4. 16.
-7. 11.
-4. 16.
-7. 16.
3. 9.
-6. 16.
-2. 11.
0. 11.
-2. 11.
-11. 16.
-6. 16.
-2. 16.
-7. 16.
0. 11.
-2. 11.
-14. 15.
13. 16.
140Ba
pCi/l+2s
11. 21.
-11. 20.
-8. 20.
6. 20.
0. 20.
-6. 20.
-5. 20.
-15. 12.
-2. 14.
-10. 20.
6. 20.
-10. 20.
1. 14.
-7. 20.
-7. 20.
-6. 20.
-18. 20.
1. 15.
-10. 20.
-17. 20.
3. 20.
3. 20.
-2. 14.
-4. 20.
5. 20.
6. 20.
-5. 20.
-12. 20.
3. 15.
-7. 20.
4. 20.
-8. 12.
-7. 20.
2. 14.
-17. 14.
-16. 14.
-10. 20.
-7. 20.
-9. 20.
-15. 20.
-12. 14.
-17. 14.
-10. 20.
2. 20.
131I
pCi/l+2s
-3. 14.
-13. 14.
-4. 14.
-4. 14.
-7. 14.
-6. 14.
-12. 14.
-4. 8.
-32. 21.
-12. 14.
-1. 14.
-11. 14.
-12. 10.
-6. 14.
-13. 14.
-7. 14.
0. 14.
-7. 10.
-6. 14.
-8. 14.
-2. 14.
-18. 14.
-10. 10.
-11. 14.
-3. 14.
-17. 14.
-3. 14.
0. 14.
-7. 10.
-12. 14.
-13. 14.
-8. 8.
-12. 14.
-7. 10.
-1. 10.
-5. 10.
-16. 14.
0. 14.
-10. 14.
-10. 14.
-6. 10.
-2. 10.
3. 14.
-15. 14.
                                        29

-------
                             TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES  IN PASTEURIZED  MILK

                                DECEMBER 1982
LOCATION

PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TXrAUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
12/14/82
12/16/82
12/ 7/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/29/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/10/82
12/ 2/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
12/ 6/82
K
g/l+2s
1.63 0.24
1.59 0.24
1.70 0.24
1.90 0.25
1.77 0.18
1.78 0.25
1.78 0.25
1.68 0.24
1.75 0.25
1.66 0.24
1.97 0.25
1.64 0.17
1.82 0.25
1.56 0.24
137Cs
PCl/l+2s
-5. 16.
-3. 16.
1. 16.
-12. 16.
-8. 11.
-7. 16.
-13. 16.
-5. 16.
-6. 16.
0. 16,
-2. 16.
-5. 11.
-11. 16.
1. 16.
140Ba
pCi/l+2s
6. 20.
-8. 20.
4. 20.
-13. 20.
-14. 14.
0. 20.
-4. 20.
-8. 20.
0. 20.
11. 21.
-3. 20.
-4. 14.
-5. 20.
5. 20.
131I
pCi/l+2s
-9. 14.
2. 14.
-8. 14.
-1. 14.
. 0. 10.
-5. 14.
-3. 14.
-9. 14.
-2. 14.
-7. 14.
-12. 14.
-2. 10.
0. 14.
-9. 14.
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                         30

-------
                     TABLE  16

STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK

             EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES

             OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982

EPA                    90gr    ^        89Sr
REGION               pCi/1 + 2s       pCl/1 + 2s

I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
    s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
2.8
3.2
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.5
2.5
2.4
1.8
1.2
1.1
2.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
2.8
3.0
2.2
1.6
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
2.
-1.
-1.
1.
2.
5.
2,
2.
2.
3.
5.
5.
5.
4.
                        31

-------
                           Carbon-14  In Milk

     Nine  stations,   chosen  for  wide  geographical    distribution,
contribute  milk  samples  for  annual  analysis  for carbon-14.  These
samples have  monitored  the  carbon-14  levels   in the  food  chain
resulting from nuclear testing.

     Analysis  consists  of  combusting  the  samples   and  measuring
released carbon dioxide through  liquid scintillation.

     Data will be published as it becomes available.
                                  32

-------
                                                DATA - STATE AGENCIES
                     Radiological Health Laboratory
                     Indiana State Board of Health
Indiana Milk Analysis Program ( I.M.A.P.  )
     In order to evaluate the fallout on  Indiana  pasturelands,   the
State  has  implemented  a  program whereby monthly milk samples  from
five  geographical  areas  are  sent  to  the   Radiological  Health
Laboratory  of  the State Board of Health.  The milk in these samples
is bottled on the same date in all five areas to provide uniform  time
from pasture to the lab.

     Once in the laboratory, the milk  is  first  analyzed  by gamma
spectroscopy    for    iodine-131,    barium-140,   cesium-137,    and
potassium-40.  A one gallon sample is analyzed on a 3" x  3"  Nal(Tl)
scintillation  crystal  for  4800  seconds.   A  background sample of
48,000 seconds is also run.  The data are analyzed to give pCi/1   for
each radionuclide.

     A quarterly composite sample is saved and run  for  strontium-89
and -90 by ion exchange method.

     Data for the Third and Fourth Quarters of  1982  and  the First
Quarter of 1983 are shown in Table 17.
                                  33

-------
                               TABLE  17
                      INDIANA MILK ANALYSIS  PROGRAM
     Location

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     S eymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     *Rochester
     *Seymour

 * Instrument Failure
urth Quarters of
Selected

Date
7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
1/83
1/83
1/83
1/83
1/83
Gamma
pCi/1
1-131
3 ± 3
1 ± 3
4 ± 3
1 ± 3
-2 ± 3
-2 ± 3
-1 ± 3
4 ± 3
2 ± 3
0 ± 3
1 ± 3
5 ± 3
6 ± 3
2 + 3
-3 ± 3
5 ± 3
-1 + 3
7 ± 3
7 ± 3
5 ± 3
2 ± 2
5 ± 2
0 ± 2
3 ± 2
5 + 2
3 ± 2
4 + 2
4 ± 2
3 + 2
3 + 2
2 + 2
3 ± 2
3 ± 2


1982; First Quarter <
Radionuclides
pCi/1
Ba-140
-3 ± 3
2 + 3
3 ± 3
3 ± 3
2 + 3
2 + 3
0 ± 3
4 ± 3
0 ± 3
5 ± 3
-4 ± 3
-3 ± 3
-2 + 3
0 ± 3
-2 + 3
-2 ± 3
-3+3
0 + 3
-4 + 3
-2 ± 3
-3 ± 2
-2 ± 2
-2 + 2
-2 ± 2
-3+2
-3 ± 2
-4 + 2
-4 ± 2
-2 + 2
-3 + 2
0 ± 2
-1 + 2
-1 ± 2


in Past-
pCi/1
Cs-137
2 ± 4
5 ± 4
7 ± 4
2 ± 4
3 + 4
1 ± 4
5 ± 4
9 + 4
3 ± 4
0 ± 4
4 ± 4
9 + 4
11 ± 4
3 ± 4
3 ± 4
13 ± 4
5+4
L7 ± 4
7 ± 4
2 ± 4
10 ± 3
9 + 3
9 ± 3
16 + 3
14+3
7 + 3
8 ± 3
6 ± 3
9 ± 3
4 ± 3
7 + 3
10 ± 3
5 ± 3


    6/1
     K

1.52 + .06
1.46 + .06
1.47 + .06
1.55 + .06
1.52 + .06
1.68 +
1.47 ±
1.66 +
1.75 ±
1.45 +
1.41 ±
1.46 +
1,58 ±
 1.51  +
 1.44  +
 1.43  ±
 1.46  +
.08
.07
.08
.08
1.64 ± .08

1.46 ± .06
1.36 ± .06
1.46 ± .06
1.41 ± .06
1.38 + .06
.06
,06
.06
.06
1.31 +  .06

1.48 ±  .04
1.44 +  .04
1.42 +  .04
1.45 +  .04
1.44 ±  .04
 .04
 .04
 .04
 .04
 1.43  +  .04

 1.45  ±  .04
 1.45  +  .04
 1.37  ±  .04
                                  34

-------
                       TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)

IN:  Evansvllle     2/83      3 + 2    -1±2      6±3      1.39 ±.04
     Fort Wayne     2/83      3±2     0±2      8±3      1.36 ±.04
     Indianapolis   2/83      6±2     1±2      9 + 3      1.40 ±.04
     Rochester      2/83      4±2     0±2      7+3      1.45 ±.04
     Seymour        2/83     10+2    -2+2     12 ± 3      1.46 ±  .04
IN:  Evansville     3/83      4±2    -5 ±2      5+3      1.47  +.04
     Fort Wayne     3/83      4+2    -4 ±2      9±3      1.40  ±.04
     Indianapolis   3/83      2+2    -2+2      6+3      1.38  +  .04
     Rochester      3/83      3+2    -3 ±2      7+3     12.05  ±  .04
     Seymour        3/83      2+2    -2 ± 2      7  ± 3      1.44  +  .04
                                35

-------
                       TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
                             89       90
           Concentrations of   Sr and   Sr  in Pasteurized Milk
     Location

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     S eymour

IN;  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     S eymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour

IN:  Evansville
     Fort Wayne
     Indianapolis
     Rochester
     Seymour
                    (pCi/1  ±  2 Sigma Counting Error)

                                        89,
Date

7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82
7/82

8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82
8/82

9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82
9/82

10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82
10/82

11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82
11/82

12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82
12/82

L/83
1/83
L/83
1/83
1/83

2/83
2/83
2/83
2/83
2/83
Sr
                              90
Sr
1 ± 8
2 i 11
4 ± 7
0 i 8
1 ± 6
3 ± 6
0 ± 5
7 ± 8
0 t 5
0 ± 6
3 + 4
3 ± 4
4 ± 4
2 ± 4
2 ± 4
2 t 11
2 t 11
1 ± 15
3 ± 13
0 ± 14
3 ± 5
•1 ± 4
•3 ± 5
3 ± 8
3 ± 5
1 ± 5
0 ± 5
•3 ± 10
0 ± 5
1 ± 6
1 ± 6
•1 ± 5
-2 ± 7
•1 ± 6
•2 ± 5
0 ± 3
•3 ± 5
1 ± 5
-1 ± 4
0 ± 4
2
5
2
5
4
4
2
6
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
3
4
2
4
2
2
2
1
2
5
3
3
3
3
4
5
4
2
4
2
4
3
± 3
± 3
± 2
i 2
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 1
± 2
± 2
± 2
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 2
± 3
± 2
± 1
± 1
± 3
± 1
± 2
± 2
± 2
± 3
± 2
± 2
± 1
± 2
± 2
± 1
± 1
                                 36

-------
                       TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)

IN:   Evansville          3/83           1  ±  4          2  ±  1
     Fort Wayne          3/83           2  ±  5          2  ±  1
     Indianapolis        3/83           2  ±  6          3  ±  2
     Rochester           3/83           1  ±  4          2  ±  1
     Seymour             3/83           3  ±  4          2  ±  1
                                37

-------
                      Radiological Health Division
                   State Hygienic Laboratory  of Iowa
Iowa Water Sampling Program
     The  radiological  Health  Division  of    the   State  Hygienic
Laboratory  of  Iowa  with  the assistance of  the  State Department  of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) maintains  a  state-wide  water sampling
program   of   community   drinking   waters,    surface   waters  and
precipitation. All analyses with  the  exception  of  the  sequential
Ra-226,  -228  analyses  are performed according to "Standard  Methods
for the Examination of  Water  and  Wastewater",  14th  edition.  The
sequential  analyses  for  radiums are performed according to  the EPA
publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water."

     The  drinking  water  samples  are  collected  by  DEQ regional
personnel  and  sent  to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are
preserved with HC1. These waters are analyzed  for  gross  alpha   and
gross  beta radioactivity as a screening process.  Subsequent analyses
for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90  are  performed  if  screening  levels   are
exceeded.  Radium  levels  are  of  primary  concern in Iowa drinking
waters as those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers   within
the state.

     Surface waters are collected  at  eleven  sites  throughout   the
state  with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and
downstream  to  nuclear  power  plants  in  Iowa  or   those   plants
discharging  into  rivers  which  are  natural borders with adjoining
states.  Gross  alpha,  gross  beta,  and  tritium  are  the  routine
radionuclide  analyses  for  these  samples. Strontium is of interest
when gross beta screening levels are exceeded or if  nuclear  weapons
testing  necessitates  monitoring  to  determine  its  Impact   on the
environment.

     Data will be  published as it is received.
                                  38

-------
     ENVIRONMENTAL  RADIATION  DATA  (ERD)  Is  published   quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U.  S. Environmental  Protection
Agency's office of Radiation Programs.

     Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERD should be directed to:

                            Charles M. Petko
                        Technical Support  Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
                             P. 0. Box 3009
                       Montgomery, Alabama  36193

     Requests for  information  concerning  the  operation  of  ERAMS
should be directed to:

                        H. Michael Mardis, Chief
               Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
                             P. 0. Box 3009
                       Montgomery, Alabama  36193
                                 or to:
                          Lewis Battist, Chief
                   Environmental Studies and Statistics
                 Analysis  and Support Division (ANR-461)
                  U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
                          Waterside Mall East
                            401 M Street, SW
                          Washington, DC   20460
                                   ***

-------