United States Office of EPA 520/5-83-015 Environmental Protection Radiation Programs March 1983 Agency Washington DC 20460 Radiation «>EPA Environmental Radiation Data Report 32 (October - December 1982) ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA REPORT 32 October - December 1982 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Radiation Programs ------- Preface Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs* Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama. Data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS), and similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in (ERD) when available. ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface, and drinking water and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. 1. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the enviromnent. 2. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton and tritium. This monitoring effort also serves to provide ancillary information on releases into the environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors fuel fabrication and reprocessing plants and natural background levels. ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA CONTENTS Page DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures ill - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum v Detectable Levels DATA - ERAMS SECTION I. Air Program l 1. Airborne Particulates 1 and Precipitation 2. Plutonium and Uranium in 11 Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 3. Krypton-85 13 SECTION II. Water Program 14 1. Surface Water 14 2. Drinking Water 17 3. Radon in Drinking Water 20 SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 21 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program 2* 1, Pasteurized Milk 24 2. Tritium in Milk 24 3. Carbon-14 in Milk 32 DATA .- STATE AGENCIES 33 1. Indiana Pasteurized Milk Program 33 2. Iowa Water Analysis and Milk Analysis 38 ------- DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for the public. Therefore, new data reporting procedures were developed to allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant change in this reporting procedure is that all specific radionuclide analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number is negative, zero, or positive. Reporting Rationale Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in environmental data. When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of individual negative Values. Obviously, a negative activity value does not have physical significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken together with other observations which indicate that the true value of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a negative bias in the measurement procedure. (1) Reported Values Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number is negative, zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of sample collection date. Gross Analyses - The actual value of gross radioactivity measurements will be reported, unless the value is below the minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level, then < minimum detectable level will be reported. 111 ------- M0L is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table. (2) Reported Error Terms Each reported value for specific analyses will be accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%) confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined by specific activity analyses. Error terms are therefore reported as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest contributor to overall error. (3) Significant Figures All reported values will be rounded to no more than three significant figures. The last significant figure will be increased by one if the figure following is five or greater, otherwise it is left unchanged. (A) Reporting Levels The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1. Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in averaging. (5) Averages Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In calculating these averages, all values of individual data including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not be Included in ERD quarterly reports. IV ------- TABLE 1 ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels for Radionuclide Analyses Radionuclide Gross alpha Gross beta Tritium Carbon-14 Krypton-85 Plutonium-238, 239 Uranium-234 , 235,238 Radium -2 2 6 Strontium-90 Reporting Media Units Water Air Water Precipitation Water Milk Milk Ambient Air Air Milk Water Air Milk Water Water Milk Water pCi/1 pCi/m3 pCi/1 nCi/m2 nCi/1 nCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/m3 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCl/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments 1 pCi/1 .01 pCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2 .1 nCi/1 .1 nCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/m3 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 2 pCi/1 .01 pCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2(a) .2 nCi/1 .2 nCi/1 15 pCi/1 2 pCi/m3 .015 pCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 ------- Radionuclide Strontlum-89 Iodine-131 Iodine-129 Iodlne-127 Cesium -13 7 Barium-140 Potassium Potassium-40 Media Milk Milk Water Water (specific Milk Milk Milk Water Milk Water Milk Water Water Reporting Units pCl/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 radiochemical fCi/1 8/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 g/1 g/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 analysis) .1 fCi/1 10 g/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 g/1 .1 g/1 1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 5 pCi/l(c> 10 PCi/l(O 10 pCi/l(O .4 pCi/1 .4 fCi/1 10 g/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/lCc) 10 pCi/l(c) .12 g/1 .12 g/1 100 pCi/1 (a) The value in terms of nCi/m2 would be dependent on precipitation (mm) (b) This value in terms of pCi/ir* would be dependent on the air volume. (c) Activity as of the day of counting. VI ------- DATA - EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS) SECTION I. Air Program Airborne Particulates and Precipitation Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama Canal. Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found. The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m . The lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements. Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity measurements and gamma scans. These locations also correspond to airborne particulate and drinking water sampling locations selected for plutonium analyses. Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are performed annually on precipitation samples collected during March - May. ------- Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta concentrations in airborne participates for October - December 1982. Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta concentration in precipitation October - December 1982. The specific gamma results will be published when they are available. A compilation of individual measurements is available from the EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36193. The tritium in precipitation samples for October - December 1982 at the selected stations are shown in Table 8. ------- TABLE 2 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION OCTOBER 1982 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES 5-HR FIELD EERF LAB ESTIMATE MEASUREMENT LOCATION # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG (PCi/m3) (pCi/m3) AL:MONTGOMERY 9 1.5 0.2 0.7 0.06 0.01 0.02 CAtBERKELEY 9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.04 0.00 0.02 CArLOS ANGELES 9 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.05 0.01 0.02 CT:HARTFORD 8 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.01 DErWILMINGTON 8 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.02 FL:MIAMI 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01 HI:HONOLULU 8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.00 IA:IOWA CITY 8 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.09 0.00 0.02 IDrBOISE 8 1.4 0.1 0.5 0.02 0.00 0.01 ID:IDAHO FALLS 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.01 0.01 IL:CHICAGO 9 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.04 0.01 0.03 ME:AUGUSTA 8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.02 0.00 0.01 MO:JEFFERSON CITY 9 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.07 0.01 0.02 MS:JACKSON 5 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.03 0.00 0.01 ND:BISMARCK 9 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.03 0.00 0.01 NH:CONCORD 9 13.0 0.4 3.5 0.04 0.00 0.01 NJ:TRENTON 8 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.06 0.00 0.01 NM:SANTA FE 7 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.06 0.01 0.02 NV:LAS VEGAS 6 1.4 0.2 0.8 0.04 0.01 0.02 NY:ALBANY 9 1.4 0.0 0.4 0.04 0.01 0.02 NY:NEW YORK CITY 9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.06 0.01 0.02 NY:NIAGARA FALLS 9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.01 NY:SYRACUSE 8 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.03 0.01 0.02 OH:COLUMBUS 8 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.04 0.01 0.02 OH:PAINESVILLE 9 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.06 0.01 0.02 OH:TOLEDO 8 2.6 0.3 0.8 0.09 0.00 0.03 OR:PORTLAND 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.00 0.01 PA:HARRISBURG 12 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.06 0.01 0.02 PArPITTSBURGH 9 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.03 0.01 0.02 RI:PROVIDENCE 6 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01 SCtBARNWELL 1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.01 SC:COLUMBIA 9 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.01 0.03 SD:PIERRE 8 (3.7 0.0 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.02 TX'AUSTIN 8 1.9 o.4 1.3 0.04 o.oi 0.02 TX:EL PASO 8 1.4 0.3 0.7 0.06 0.01 0.03 VA-LYNCHBURG 9 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.03 0.01 0.01 WA«SEATTLE 8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.00 WA-SPOKANE 7 5.2 0.2 1.0 0.02 0.00 0.01 WI:MADISON 7 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.00 0.01 WY:CHEYENNE 1 2.5 0.2 2.5 0.01 0.01 0.01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m"3 ------- TABLE 3 AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION NOVEMBER 1982 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES 5-HR FIELD EERF LAB ESTIMATE MEASUREMENT LOCATION # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) (pCi/m3) AL: CA: CA: CT: DE: FL: HI: IA: ID: ID: IL: ME: MO: ND: NH: NJ: NM: NV: NY: NY: NY: NY: OH: OH: OH: OR: PA: PA: RI : SC: SC: SD: TN: TX: TX: VA: WA: WA: WI: MONTGOMERY BERKELEY LOS ANGELES HARTFORD WILMINGTON MIAMI HONOLULU IOWA CITY BOISE IDAHO FALLS CHICAGO AUGUSTA JEFFERSON CITY BISMARCK CONCORD TRENTON SANTA FE LAS VEGAS ALBANY NEW YORK CITY NIAGARA FALLS SYRACUSE COLUMBUS PAINESVILLE TOLEDO PORTLAND HARRISBURG PITTSBURGH PT3 f\\7 T T^TT XT i"* "G* t J\ \J V Xl/I!jNl_*Ei BARNWELL vOLUMoI A. PIERRE NASHVILLE AUSTIN EL PASO LYNCHBURG SEATTLE SPOKANE MADISON MINIMUM DETECTABLE MINIMUM DETECTABLE 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 8 7 6 9 9 9 7 9 9 9 9 9 13 8 5 2 8 8 12 9 2 8 8 9 9 LIMIT LIMIT 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.6 6.9 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 1.3 0.0 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.3 0.8 17.9 2.7 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.6 FOR FOR 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.6 4.8 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o.._ .02 .02 .03 .02 .01 .01 .01 .04 .02 .02 .02 .03 .02 .03 .02 .02 .01 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .03 .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .03 .02 .02 .01 .05 .02 .04 .02 .02 .05 .01 .02 .02 FIELD ESTIMATES - LAB MEASUREMENT - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 t * 01 01 00 01 01 00 00 01 00 00 01 01 01 01 01 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 00 01 01 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 00 00 00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 o!oi 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 .1 pCi/m3 .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 4 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION DECEMBER 1982 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES LOCATION # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) (pCi/m3) AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FLrMIAMI HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO ME:AUGUSTA MO:JEFFERSON CITY ND:BISMARCK NH: CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY SYRACUSE OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR: PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 8 9 9 9 5 6 9 7 9 9 4 8 9 8 9 13 9 7 3 9 9 18 9 7 7 9 9 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.3 4.8 0.3 0.3 2.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.1 1.2 0.0 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 5 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION OCTOBER 1982 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO rDENVER CT:HARTFORD ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MI:LANSING MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OR: PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG SC:COLUMBIA TX:AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG DEPTH ACT. + 2s (mm) (nCi/m2) SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) 41.3 10.8 34.3 25.2 20.9 18.0 14.1 22.0 10.8 126.0 36.0 10.0 22.3 10.0 34.4 106.6 42.5 51.3 16.5 29.5 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.19 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.13 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ------- TABLE 6 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION NOVEMBER 1982 LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY COrDENVER CT:HARTFORD ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO MI:LANSING ND:BISMARCK NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH .-COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA PITTSBURGH SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TX:AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG DEPTH ACT. + 2s (mm) (nCi/m2) SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) 145.0 35.8 19.3 35.0 56.5 22.5 93.1 10.0 22.5 73.4 109.5 145.5 70.3 66.8 39.0 27.5 66.5 8.7 108.3 0.21 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.52 0.07 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.05 0.01 0.77 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.09 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ------- TABLE 7 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION DECEMBER 1982 LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY CA: BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MItLANSING ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA VA:LYNCHBURG DEPTH ACT. + 2s (mm) (nCi/m2) SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) 157.5 15.6 8.4 7.8 66.3 83.0 145.9 81.6 11.3 11.3 5.0 21.0 8.0 49.3 91.8 274.5 33.8 45.0 113.8 39.4 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.51 0.37 0.02 0.03 0.21 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ------- TABLE 7.1 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION JULY 1982 LOCATION OH:COLUMBUS OR:PORTLAND PA-.PITTSBURGH VA.-LYNCHBURG OR:PORTLAND DEPTH ACT. + 2s (mm) (nCi/m2) 39.4 0.04 0.02 22.2 0.15 0.02 40,0 0.08 0.02 98.4 0.36 0.06 AUGUST 1982 25.0 0.12 0.02 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCl/1) 2l4Bi 45 + 87% 106Ru 51+75% 7Be 37 + 61% 2l4Bi 48 + 82% 232Th 32 + 94% Be 4.7 + 52% s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ------- TABLE 8 PRECIPITATION TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982 LOCATION AL; MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MI;LAN SING MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NJ .'TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA PITTSBURGH SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TX:AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG OCTOBER nCi/1 + 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 NS 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 NS NS 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 NOVEMBER nCl/1 + 2s 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 NS 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 NS 0.2 0.2 NS NS 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 DECEMBER nCi/1 + 2s 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 NS 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 NS 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 NS 0.3 0.2 NS NO SAMPLE 8 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 10 ------- Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne particulate samplers. The number of continuously operating stations is being increased from the original 22 will eventually number 67 when all equipment is operational. Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonium or uranium. Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy. The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m3 for each quarterly composite. Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for July - September 1982 are shown for the 42 stations operating during this period in Table 9. 11 ------- TABLE 9 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES JULY - SEPTEMBER 1982 COMPOSITES LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CAiLOS ANGELES CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON PL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO ME:AUGUSTA MI'.LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH:COLUMBUS OHlPAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA'.PITTSBURGH RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON 238 Pu 239 Pu iCi/m3+ 2s 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 -0.2 1.7 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.7 -0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.2 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 aCl/m3+ 2s 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.2 0.5 2.8 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 3.5 2.9 1.5 1.4 3.4 1.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 3.1 2.1 1.5 17.0 2.4 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.4 1.4 1.8 0.6 2.7 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.3 3.4 2.1 0.6 1.6 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.3 2.6 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 234, 235, 238 U aCi/m3+ 2s 18.5 3.7 8.6 1.8 29.2 4.3 23.2 4.4 11.8 2.1 57.8 12.7 23.6 3.7 7.3 2.0 17.9 2.6 42.4 8.1 43.3 6.1 21.4 3.7 18.2 3.3 19.1 5.2 19.5 2.9 17.3 2.8 20.5 3.1 17.1 3.3 44.5 5.8 10.2 3.0 33.6 6.8 81.2 9.2 30.3 5.4 22.4 4.6 26.9 4.2 34.0 4.6 51.4 7.7 22.0 3.4 25.9 3.8 15.7 3.2 26.2 4.7 54.8 7.6 15.0 2.8 11.9 2.9 30.5 4.3 27.6 4.3 19.1 3.2 34.1 5.4 141.9 15.9 10.3 2.2 31.3 4.8 12.5 2.8 aCi/m3+ 2s 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.6 4.2 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.0 0.3 3.5 2.2 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 5.9 2.2 4.0 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.7 2.4 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.5 4.2 1.1 0.4 0.5 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.8 1.9 0.7 2.7 1.1 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 2.6 1.1 0.8 0.7 2.0 0.9 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.8 2.3 0.8 1.4 0.8 2.1 0.9 2.7 1.2 4.9 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.4 aCi/m3+ 2s 20.8 3.9 8.9 1.9 28.5 4.2 17.2 3.5 11.1 2.0 28.4 9.5 22.8 3.6 6.0 1.8 19.8 2.8 42.0 8.0 44.2 6.2 25.0 4.2 14.0 2.7 16.5 4.7 19.2 2.9 15.1 2.6 17.0 2.7 14.3 3.0 38.5 5.2 11.9 3.2 30.2 6.2 50.1 6.1 31.4 5.6 23.4 4.7 31.8 4.8 31.6 4.3 39.3 6.2 20.4 3.2 28.0 4.1 11.9 2.7 18.8 3.8 54.7 7.6 16.0 2.9 13.3 3.0 24.9 3.7 27.6 4.4 21.9 3.5 34.5 5.4 8.6 1.7 9.8 2.2 30.5 4.7 11.4 2.6 THE 238 Pu AND 239 Pu CONCENTRATIONS REPORTED IN THIS TABLE HAVE BEEN ROUNDED, SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 12 ------- Krypton-85 Krypton-85 Is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8 years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium. Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends. Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations. These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the United States with considerations being given to the proximity to fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic coverage. Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a liquid scintillation system. The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available 13 ------- DATA - EPA ERAMS SECTION II. Water Program The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to assess the effects of the nuclear power industry, the natural radiation environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's rivers, streams and drinking water supplies. Surface Water Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities. Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants. Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for October December 1982 are given in Table 10. 14 ------- TABLE 10 SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982 LOCATION AL:DECATUR AL:DOTHAN ALrSCOTTSBORO CArCLAY STATION CA:EUREKA COrGREELEY CTrEAST HADDAM CT:WATERFORD FL:CRYSTAL RIVER FL:FT. PIERCE FL:HOMESTEAD IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BUHL IL:MARSEILLES IL:MOLINE IL:MDRRIS IL:OREGON IL:ZION LArNEW ORLEANS MA:PLYMOUTH MA:ROWE MD:CONOWINGO MD:LUSBY ME:WISCASSET MI:BRIDGMAN MI:CHARLEVOIX MI:MONROE MI:SOUTH HAVEN MN:MONTICELLO MN:RED WING MS:PORT GIBSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:SOUTHPORT NJ:BAYSIDE NJ:OYSTER CREEK NY:OSSINING NY:OSWEGO NY:POUGHKEEPSIE OH:TOLEDO OR:BRADWOOD PA:DANVILLE SC:ALLENDALE SOURCE TENNESSEE RIVER CHATTAHOOCHEE R. TENNESSEE RIVER FOLSOM S. CANAL HUMBOLDT BAY SOUTH PLATTE RIVER CONNECTICUT RIVER LONG ISLAND SOUND GULF OF MEXICO ATLANTIC OCEAN BISCAYNE BAY CEDAR RIVER SNAKE RIVER ILLINOIS RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER ILLINOIS RIVER ROCK RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER CAPE CODE BAY DEERFIELD RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER CHESAPEAKE BAY MONTSEWAY BAY LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE ERIE LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER CATAWBA RIVER ATLANTIC OCEAN DELAWARE RIVER OYSTER CREEK HUDSON RIVER LAKE ONTARIO HUDSON RIVER LAKE ERIE COLUMBIA RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER SAVANNAH RIVER DATE COLLECTED 10/ 5/82 10/ 6/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 7/82 10/29/82 10/28/82 III 2/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 5/82 10/13/82 10/ 5/82 10/15/82 11/15/82 11/15/82 11/15/82 11/15/82 10/15/82 10/ 6/82 10/13/82 12/ 1/82 10/12/82 10/11/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 9/82 10/ 8/82 10/11/82 10/11/82 10/21/82 10/15/82 10/21/82 10/11/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 7/82 11/17/82 11/15/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 4/82 10/31/82 10/20/82 10/21/82 nCi/1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 4.0 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 15 ------- LOCATION SC:BROAD RIVER SCrHARTSVILLE TN:DAISY TNrKINGSTON TX:EL PASO VA:DOSWELL VArNEWPORT NEWS VTrVERNON WA:NORTHPORT WA:RICHLAND WI:TWO CREEKS WI:VICTORY WV:WHEELING TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982 SOURCE BROAD RIVER LAKE ROBINSON TENNESSEE RIVER CLINCH RIVER RIO GRANDE NORTH ANNA RIVER JAMES RIVER CONNECTICUT RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER OHIO RIVER DATE COLLECTED 10/15/82 10/11/82 12/14/82 ll/ 4/82 10/14/82 10/15/82 12/21/82 12/29/82 ll/ 9/82 10/11/82 10/26/82 11/11/82 10/ 5/82 nCi/1 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.5 3.2 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 16 ------- Drinking Water The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1. Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear facility environs. The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b) gross alpha, gross beta, and strontium-90 on annual composites (gamma analyses are performed if the gross beta activity is greater than 10 pCi/1; radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1; and radium-228 analyses are performed if the radium-226 activity falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is performed on one quarterly sample per year for each station (d) an annual composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, on 22 selected sampling locations corresponding to continuously operating air particulate stations. Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226 by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange. The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for October December 1982 are shown in Table 11. All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days. 17 ------- TABLE 11 DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982 LOCATION AK:FAIRBANKS AL:DOTHAN AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MUSCLE SHOALS ALrSCOTTSBORO CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES COsDENVER CO:PLATTEVILLE CT:HARTFORD DE:DOVER FLrMIAMI FL:TAMPA GA:SAVANNAH HI:HONOLULU IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE MA:ROWE MD:BALTIMORE MD:CONOWINGO ME:AUGUSTA MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MNMINNEAPOLIS MN:RED WING MS:JACKSON MS:PORT GIBSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NE:LINCOLN NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NJ:WARETOWN NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS ' NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY DATE COLLECTED 10/21/82 10/ 6/82 10/14/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 1/82 10/29/82 10/29/82 10/20/82 10/ 6/82 10/ 6/82 10/18/82 10/26/82 10/26/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 4/82 10/22/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 4/82 12/ 1/82 10/ 4/82 10/12/82 10/ 7/82 10/15/82 10/11/82 10/ 1/82 10/15/82 10/ 7/82 10/13/82 10/ 7/82 10/11/82 10/ 6/82 10/ 1/82 12/30/82 10/ 7/82 10/14/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 7/82 11/19/82 10/13/82 nCi/1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.8 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 2 v JM 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 18 ------- TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982 LOCATION NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH:CINCINNATI OH:COLUMBUS OH:EAST LIVERPOOL OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:COLUMBIA PA;HARRISBURG PA: PITTSBURGH PC:ANCON RI:PROVIDENCE SC: BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SCrHARTSVILLE SC:JENKINSVILLE SC:SENECA TN:KNOXVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:DOSWELL VArLYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH WA:RICHLAND WA:SEATTLE WI:GENOA CITY WI:MADISON S SIGMA COUNTING ERROR DATE COLLECTED ll/ 4/82 10/21/82 11/15/82 10/22/82 ll/ 9/82 10/ 6/82 10/ 4/82 10/12/82 10/ 5/82 10/14/82 10/13/82 ll/ 9/82 10/26/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 7/82 10/11/82 10/15/82 10/20/82 10/ 1/82 10/ 7/82 10/26/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 4/82 10/11/82 10/ 4/82 11/11/82 10/11/82 nCi/1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 + 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 19 ------- Radon-222 in Drinking Water Radon-222 in drinking water has previously been considered a source of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint. The Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to evaluate the possibility that a major pathway from inhalation exposure may exist in addition to the ingestion pathway. As an inert gas, radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently can be released during any operation that aerates or agitates water. Depending upon the initial concentration of radon in water, significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the general environment. To determine the scope of this potential problem, a national ground water sampling program has been initiated by the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) to obtain data on radon concentrations in water supplies throughout the country. Sampling kits have been assembled by EERF and distributed to various state health departments. The kit is designed so that state personnel can collect samples from potable water supplies and ship them, without loss of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis. The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by two separate methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from all groundwater supplies serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in which the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to be sampled is left to the discretion of the state programs. Each state is asked to obtain a representative sampling of ground water supplies within its boundaries. The extent of the sampling efforts and how representative the data are for a given state is determined primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program. The concentrations of radon in water are determined at the EERF by liquid scintillation counting. The limit of detection for this technique using a 50-minute count and a 10-ml sample is 0.16 oCi or 16 pci/1. The sampling kits are being provided to the various states on a rotating schedule. This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within approximately two years. Data will be published as it becomes available. 20 ------- SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October 1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental United States. Data from this program will be used to evaluate fluctuations In natural background due to variations In environmental conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately 22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be indicative of national trends. The monitoring program utilizes CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group of four TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field. The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate one-month cycle. Several 'dosimeters are annealed by the station operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment. Results from the period October - December 1982 are shown in Table 12. 21 ------- TABLE 12 ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM INTEGRATED EXPOSURE LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MONTGOMERY CA: BERKELEY CA:BERKELEY CA: BERKELEY CO:DENVER CO:DENVER CO:DENVER FL:ORLANDO PL:ORLANDO FL: ORLANDO ID:BOISE ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO IL: CHICAGO IL:CHIC AGO ND:BISMARCK ND: BISMARCK ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NJ:TRENTON NJ: TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NM:SANTA FE NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NV:LAS VEGAS NV:LAS VEGAS NY:NEW YORK NY:NEW YORK NY:NEW YORK OH: COLUMBUS OH:COLUMBUS OH:COLUMBUS OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND OR:PORTLAND OR PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:HARRISBURG PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH PA:PITTSBURGH PA:PITTSBURGH MR 100482-110182 5.5 111282-120182 3.5 120182- 10383 6.1 100182-110182 3.8 110182-120182 7.3 120182-123182 4.4 100582-110382 10.3 110382-113082 6.3 113082- 10583 12.7 93082-102882 3.7 102882-112982 4.1 112982- 10783 5.4 100682-110882 9.1 120782- 10683 8.0 100582-102982 4.1 102982-120382 6.1 120382- 10483 5/2 100782-110582 6.1 110582-113082 5.3 113082- 10483 7.2 100882-110882 7.6 110882-120282 5.6 120282- 10783 8.2 100582-110482 9.8 110482-113082 8.2 113082- 10783 11.9 93082-110182 11.7 110182-113082 4.3 113082- 10383 5.1 100682-110582 5.6 110582-121482 7.5 121482- 12083 6.1 100182-110182 5.3 110182-120182 5.3 120182- 10683 5.6 102182-111982 5.3 111982- 10383 9.0 100682-110482 5.2 110482-120282 4.4 120282- 10483 5.8 100482-102882 3.6 102882-112982 4.9 112982-123082 4.4 100182-110382 9.7 110382-120382 7.6 120382- 10383 9.2 MICRO R/HR + 2 s * 8.2 7.8 7.7 5.2 10.1 6.1 14.8 9.7 14.8 5.5 5.3 5.8 11.5 11.1 7.1 7.3 6.7 8.7 8.9 6.2 10.2 9.8 9.5 13.5 13.2 13.1 15.2 6.1 6.2 7.7 8.0 6.8 7.1 7.3 6.5 7.6 8.3 7.5 6.5 7.3 6.2 6.4 6.0 12.3 10.5 12.3 10.7 7.6 7.4 18.4 8.5 8.5 3.5 4.9 4.8 8.4 5.6 9.2 5.8 13.9 3.8 7.1 4.8 6.1 4.1 6.2 8.8 5.7 4.5 9.8 7.4 10.8 4.8 8.0 28.0 5.1 7.1 48.2 8.4 6.4 9.1 14.8 3.5 10.9 13.1 21.3 6.0 6.9 22.6 3.7 4.7 7.2 22 ------- TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM INTEGRATED EXPOSURE LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE RI:PROVIDENCE RI:PROVIDENCE RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SC:COLUMBIA SC:COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE TNiKNOXVILLE TN:KNOXVILLE VA:RICHMOND VA:RICHMOND VA:RICHMOND VT:MONTPELIER VT rMONTPELIER VT rMONTPELIER * s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR (IN PERCENT) MR 102182-111082 111082-121382 121382- 11383 102182-110482 120782- 11383 100182-110182 110182-113082 113082- 10483 100182-110482 110482-113082 113082-123082 100482-110182 110182-120182 120182- 10383 100482-110182 110182-120382 120382- 10483 4.8 10.0 7.5 2.4 8.3 6.5 6.3 7.3 7.4 5.6 6.9 5.5 5.3 6.0 5.4 5.5 6.2 MICRO R/HR + 2 s * 9.9 12.6 10.1 7.2 9.3 8.8 9.1 8.7 9.1 8.9 9.6 8.1 7.3 7.6 8.0 7.2 8.1 16.3 5.0 6.9 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.3 4 16 8.3 7.1 3.9 25.7 7.1 6.4 5.5 6.6 .5 .2 23 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program Pasteurized Milk This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general populations intake of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large segment of the population and contains several of the biologically important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends. Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk consumed in a given population center. These samples are analyzed for iodine-131, bariura-140, cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90. Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 are determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has been chemically separated by ion-exchange. The values from the pasteurized milk samples for October - December 1982 are shown in Tables 13 - 15. Strontium values from regional composite samples collected October - December 1982 are shown in Table 16. Tritium in Milk It was previously proposed to analyze all 65 milk samples for tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the April sample). The EERF is currently evaluating alternative analytical techniques anticipating that these analyses will begin during the coming year. 24 ------- TABLE 13 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK OCTOBER 1982 LOCATION AK:ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON GA:ATLANTA HI .-HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE OH CINCINNATI OHCLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA PHILADELPHIA PA PITTSBURGH PC .-CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN DATE COLLECTED 10/ 4/82 10/ 6/82 10/14/82 10/18/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 6/82 10/29/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 6/82 10/28/82 10/ 5/82 10/11/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 5/82 10/29/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 1/82 10/12/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 8/82 10/ 6/82 10/14/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 4/82 10/11/82 10/12/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 6/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 6/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 5/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 6/82- 10/28/82 10/22/82 K g/l+2s 1.55 0.24 1.85 0.25 1.67 0.17 1.86 0.25 1.86 0.25 1.59 0.24 1.72 0.24 1.76 0.24 1.55 0.24 1.69 0.24 1.59 0.24 1.76 0.17 1.62 0.24 1.72 0.17 1.62 0.24 1.55 0.24 1.63 0.17 1.66 0.24 1.75 0.17 1.77 0.24 1.89 0.25 1.76 0.24 1.61 0.24 1.47 0.24 1.71 0.24 1.70 0.24 1.76 0.24 1.67 0.24 1.74 0.24 1.70 0.24 1.65 0.24 1.90 0.25 1.75 0.24 1.71 0.24 1.85 0.25 1.80 0.17 1.76 0.24 1.58 0.24 1.60 0.24 1.64 0.24 1.86 0.25 1.86 0.25 1.74 0.24 1.89 0.25 iJ/Cs pCi/l+2s 14. 16. 16. 16. 0. 11. 9. 16. 10. 16. 4. 15. 5. 15. -1. 15. 9. 15. 3. 15. 16. 16. 7. 11. 3. 15. 5. 11. 5. 15. -6. 15. 0. 11. 0. 16. 15. 11. 8. 15. 5. 15. 9. 16. 10. 15. -2. 15. 16. 16. 11. 16. 7. 15. 16. 16. 7. 15. 11. 16. -2. 15. 17. 16. 2. 15. 16. 16. -2. 15. 10. 11. 0. 15. 6. 15. 8. 15. 3. 15. 5. 15. 4. 15. 29. 16. 17. 16. iquBa pCi/l+2s 6. 20. 12. 20. 0. 14. 13. 20. 4. 20. 3. 20. 4. 20. 6. 20. 14. 20. 2. 20. 10. 20. 3. 14. 2. 20. 13. 14. 15. 20. 4. 20. 12. 14. 16. 21. 2. 14. 7. 20. 8. 20. 18. 20. 3. 20. 12. 20. 16. 20. 5. 20. 6. 20. 0. 20. 3. 20. 11. 20. 14. 20. -4. 20. -7. 20. 5. 20. 10. 20. 10. 14. 2. 20. 10. 20. 11. 20. 6. 20. 12. 20. -5. 20. -1. 20. 10. 20. ijil pCl/l+2s -6. 14. 6. 14. -4. 10. 7. 14. -6. 14. 0. 14. -5. 14. -2. 14. -1. 14. 9. 14. -4. 14. 5. 10. -3. 14. -2. 10. -2. 14. 1. 14. 4. 10. -14. 14. -4. 10. 7. 14. 10. 14. 0. 14. 6. 14. 11. 14. 6. 14. -2. 14. 1. 14. -5. 14. 0. 14. 4. 14. 6. 14. 7. 14. 0. 14. -2. 14. -1. 14. 2. 10. 10. 14. 0. 14. 3. 14. 13. 14. 3. 14. 3. 14. 8. 14. 4. 14. 25 ------- TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK OCTOBER 1982 LOCATION SC:CHARLESTON SDrRAPID CITY TN: CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MILWAUKEE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 10/20/82 10/ 7/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 4/82 10/28/82 10/ 6/82 10/ 4/82 10/14/82 10/ 8/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 4/82 10/ 8/82 10/21/82 10/ 6/82 K ij/ g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .82 .86 .76 .81 .81 .83 .75 .70 .63 .82 .64 .76 .55 .74 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .25 .25 .24 .24 .25 .17 .17 .24 .24 .20 .24 .24 .24 .24 Cs pCi/l+2s 8. 2. 6. 12. 7. 7. 3. 7. 16. 13. 13. 6. 11. 16. 15. 15. 15. 16. 15. 11. 11. 15. 16. 14. 16. 15. 15. 16. 14< Ba pCi/l+2s 9. 0. -2. -5. 15. 4. 11. 5. 19. -2. -1. 1. 0. -2. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 14. 14. 20. 20. 17. 20. 20. 20. 20. 13] LI pCl/l+2s 0. 5. -3. 1. 1. -2. -3. 1. 6. 1. 7. 4. 6. 6. 14. 14. 14. 14. 14. 10. 10. 14. 14. 12. 14. 14. 14. 14. SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 26 ------- TABLE 14 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK NOVEMBER 1982 LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY ARrLITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON DE:WILMINGTON HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY SYRACUSE OH CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OR:PORTLAND PA PHILADELPHIA PA PITTSBURGH PR:SAN JUAN DATE COLLECTED III 4/82 III 1/82 III 9/82 11/15/82 III 3/82 11/10/82 11/26/82 III 1/82 III 5/82 ll/ 5/82 III 3/82 11/15/82 III 7/82 ll/ 1/82 ll/ 8/82 ll/ 4/82 ll/ 2/82 11/24/82 III 9/82 III 5/82 III 9/82 ll/ 8/82 11/10/82 ll/ 1/82 ll/ 3/82 III 9/82 III 3/82 ll/ 8/82 ll/ 9/82 ll/ 1/82 III 8/82 11/15/82 III 1/82 ll/ 4/82 ll/ 2/82 III 9/82 III 1/82 ll/ 8/82 III 1/82 ll/ 8/82 ll/ 9/82 ll/ 8/82 ll/ 3/82 11/23/82 K g/l+2s 1.60 0.24 1.70 0.17 1.86 0.25 1.73 0.25 1.58 0.24 1.67 0.24 1.82 0.25 1.79 0.24 1.72 0.17 1.72 0.24 1.67 0.24 1.75 0.24 1.80 0.24 1.67 0.24 1.63 0.24 1.71 0.17 1.73 0.24 1.78 0.25 1.76 0.24 1.94 0.25 1.69 0.24 1.62 0.24 2.00 0.25 1.76 0.17 1.71 0.24 1.77 0.24 1.61 0.24 1.80 0.24 1.72 0.24 1.67 0.24 1.91 0.25 1.55 0.24 1.61 0.17 1.83 0.25 1.73 0.24 1.71 0.17 1.85 0.25 1.68 0.24 1.72 0.24 1.78 0.24 1.69 0.24 1.67 0.24 1.77 0.25 1.72 0.24 137Cs pCi/l+2s 5. 15. 4. 11. 9. 15. -8. 16. 12. 16. 11. 15. -5. 16. 12. 16. 12. 11. 7. 15. 6. 15. 3. 15. 9. 15. 16. 16. 0. 15. 7. 11. 9. 16. -15. 15. 7. 15. 14. 16. 9. 15. 11. 15. 15. 16. 1. 11. 5. 15. 8. 15. 5. 15. -2. 15. 7. 15. 8. 15. 7. 15. -2. 15. 7. 11. 8. 15. 2. 15. 7. 11. 9. 16. -6. 15. 4. 15. 6. 15. 14. 16. 11. 16. -16. 15. 10. 16. UOBa pCi/l+2s 2. 20. 7. 14. -7. 20. -3. 20. 3. 20. 0. 20. 8. 20. 6. 20. 4. 14. 6. 20. 15. 20. 14. 20. -3. 20. 4. 20. 1. 20. -1. 14. 10. 20. 2. 20. -2. 20. 3. 20. 6. 20. -2. 20. 10. 20. 12. 14. 1. 20. 9. 20. 5. 20. 5. 20. -2. 20. 13. 20. -14. 20. 9. 20. 7. 14. 0. 20. 6. 20. 11. 14. 10. 20. 0. 20. 2. 20. -1. 20. 4. 20. 2. 20. 12. 21. -6. 20. 131j pCi/l+2s -8. 14. 1. 10. 0. 14. -2. 14. -2. 14. -2. 14. -14. 14. 2. 14. 1. 10. 2. 14. 2. 14. 1. 14. 8. 14. 5. 14. 0. 14. 0. 10. 9. 14. -11. 14. 3. 14. 12. 14. 0. 14. -3. 14. -1. 14. -1. 10. 3. 14. -5. 14. -7. 14. -5. 14. 8. 14. -3. 14. 5. 14. -1. 14. 4. 10. 5. 14. 10. 14. -6. 10. 0. 14. -1. 14. 10. 14. 1. 14. 0. 14. 3. 14. -9. 14. -14. 14. 27 ------- TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK NOVEMBER 1982 LOCATION SC:CHARLESTON SDtRAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TNtKNOXVILLE TN: MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SPOKANE WI: MILWAUKEE WV: CHARLES TON WYrLARAMIE DATE COLLECTED ll/ 9/82 III 5/82 ll/ 8/82 ll/ 8/82 11/18/82 11/17/82 ll/ 1/82 11/15/82 ll/ 5/82 ll/ 1/82 ll/ 1/82 ll/ 9/82 ll/ 4/82 K 8/l±2s 1.65 0.17 1.65 0.24 1.55 0.24 1.72 0.24 1.77 0.25 1.66 0.24 1.85 0.25 1.55 0.24 1.76 0.24 1.74 0.25 1.82 0.25 1.70 0.24 1.69 0.24 1J'Cs pCi/l+2s 11. 11. 13. 16. 1. 15. -3. 16. -7. 16. 1. 16. 14. 16. 6. 16. -1. 15. -2. 16. 9. 16. 5. 15. 7. 15. lt|UBa pCi/l+2s 4. 14. -1. 20. 8. 20. -4. 20. 0. 20. 3. 20. 12. 20. 3. 20. -12. 20. 15. 21. 4. 20. 14. 20. -8. 20. iJLI pCi/l+2s -2. 10. 5. 14. 3. 14. 1. 14. -8. 14. -10. 14. -3. 14. -8. 14. 3. 14. -7. 14. -6. 14. -5. 14. 11. 14. SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 28 ------- TABLE 15 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK DECEMBER 1982 LOCATION AK:ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CArLOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CArSAN FRANCISCO CT:HARTFORD DC .'WASHINGTON DE:WILMINGTON GA:ATLANTA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE OHCINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OR:PORTLAND PA PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH PC:ANCON DATE COLLECTED 12/21/82 12/ 8/82 12/ 6/82 12/ 9/82 12/20/82 12/ 2/82 12/ 7/82 127 6/82 12/ 3/82 127 3/82 12/20/82 12/ 1/82 127 7/82 127 6/82 127 8/82 127 6/82 127 6/82 12/17/82 12/ 6/82 12/ 7/82 127 3/82 127 9/82 127 9/82 12/13/82 127 1/82 12/10/82 12/ 8/82 127 6/82 127 8/82 127 6/82 12/13/82 12/10/82 127 6/82 127 2/82 12/13/82 127 6/82 127 6/82 127 6/82 127 6/82 127 7/82 127 7/82 127 6/82 127 8/82 12/16/82 K g/l±2s 1.65 0.24 1.69 0.24 1.50 0.24 1.80 0.25 1.75 0.25 1.79 0.25 1.65 0.24 1.77 0.14 1.77 0.18 1.72 0.24 1.72 0.25 1.57 0.24 1.69 0.17 1.76 0.25 1.62 0.24 1.69 0.24 1.64 0.24 1.91 0.18 1.71 0.24 1.57 0.24 1.77 0.25 1.66 0.24 1.61 0.17 1.66 0.24 1.57 0.24 1.83 0.25 1.70 0.24 1.56 0.24 1.73 0.17 1.81 0.25 1.76 0.25 1.52 0.14 1.72 0.24 1.79 0.18 1.75 0.18 1.78 0.17 1.77 0.25 1.61 0.24 1.65 0.24 1.96 0.25 1.82 0.18 1.70 0.17 1.79 0.25 1.60 0.24 137Cs pCi/l+2s -5. 16. -4. 16. 0. 16. 0. 16. 1. 16. 6. 16. -2. 16. 4. 9. -3. 11. -3. 16. -1. 16. -11. 15. 5. 11. -3. 16. -1. 16. 2. 16. 1. 16. -5. 11. -7. 16. -3. 16. 4. 16. 0. 16. -4. 11. -1. 16. -15. 15. -6. 16. -4. 16. -4. 16. -7. 11. -4. 16. -7. 16. 3. 9. -6. 16. -2. 11. 0. 11. -2. 11. -11. 16. -6. 16. -2. 16. -7. 16. 0. 11. -2. 11. -14. 15. 13. 16. 140Ba pCi/l+2s 11. 21. -11. 20. -8. 20. 6. 20. 0. 20. -6. 20. -5. 20. -15. 12. -2. 14. -10. 20. 6. 20. -10. 20. 1. 14. -7. 20. -7. 20. -6. 20. -18. 20. 1. 15. -10. 20. -17. 20. 3. 20. 3. 20. -2. 14. -4. 20. 5. 20. 6. 20. -5. 20. -12. 20. 3. 15. -7. 20. 4. 20. -8. 12. -7. 20. 2. 14. -17. 14. -16. 14. -10. 20. -7. 20. -9. 20. -15. 20. -12. 14. -17. 14. -10. 20. 2. 20. 131I pCi/l+2s -3. 14. -13. 14. -4. 14. -4. 14. -7. 14. -6. 14. -12. 14. -4. 8. -32. 21. -12. 14. -1. 14. -11. 14. -12. 10. -6. 14. -13. 14. -7. 14. 0. 14. -7. 10. -6. 14. -8. 14. -2. 14. -18. 14. -10. 10. -11. 14. -3. 14. -17. 14. -3. 14. 0. 14. -7. 10. -12. 14. -13. 14. -8. 8. -12. 14. -7. 10. -1. 10. -5. 10. -16. 14. 0. 14. -10. 14. -10. 14. -6. 10. -2. 10. 3. 14. -15. 14. 29 ------- TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK DECEMBER 1982 LOCATION PR:SAN JUAN SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TXrAUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 12/14/82 12/16/82 12/ 7/82 12/ 6/82 12/ 6/82 12/29/82 12/ 6/82 12/ 6/82 12/10/82 12/ 2/82 12/ 6/82 12/ 6/82 12/ 6/82 12/ 6/82 K g/l+2s 1.63 0.24 1.59 0.24 1.70 0.24 1.90 0.25 1.77 0.18 1.78 0.25 1.78 0.25 1.68 0.24 1.75 0.25 1.66 0.24 1.97 0.25 1.64 0.17 1.82 0.25 1.56 0.24 137Cs PCl/l+2s -5. 16. -3. 16. 1. 16. -12. 16. -8. 11. -7. 16. -13. 16. -5. 16. -6. 16. 0. 16, -2. 16. -5. 11. -11. 16. 1. 16. 140Ba pCi/l+2s 6. 20. -8. 20. 4. 20. -13. 20. -14. 14. 0. 20. -4. 20. -8. 20. 0. 20. 11. 21. -3. 20. -4. 14. -5. 20. 5. 20. 131I pCi/l+2s -9. 14. 2. 14. -8. 14. -1. 14. . 0. 10. -5. 14. -3. 14. -9. 14. -2. 14. -7. 14. -12. 14. -2. 10. 0. 14. -9. 14. SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 30 ------- TABLE 16 STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982 EPA 90gr ^ 89Sr REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCl/1 + 2s I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 2.8 3.2 2.7 3.3 3.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 1.8 1.2 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 2.8 3.0 2.2 1.6 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 0. 2. -1. -1. 1. 2. 5. 2, 2. 2. 3. 5. 5. 5. 4. 31 ------- Carbon-14 In Milk Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution, contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain resulting from nuclear testing. Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation. Data will be published as it becomes available. 32 ------- DATA - STATE AGENCIES Radiological Health Laboratory Indiana State Board of Health Indiana Milk Analysis Program ( I.M.A.P. ) In order to evaluate the fallout on Indiana pasturelands, the State has implemented a program whereby monthly milk samples from five geographical areas are sent to the Radiological Health Laboratory of the State Board of Health. The milk in these samples is bottled on the same date in all five areas to provide uniform time from pasture to the lab. Once in the laboratory, the milk is first analyzed by gamma spectroscopy for iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium-40. A one gallon sample is analyzed on a 3" x 3" Nal(Tl) scintillation crystal for 4800 seconds. A background sample of 48,000 seconds is also run. The data are analyzed to give pCi/1 for each radionuclide. A quarterly composite sample is saved and run for strontium-89 and -90 by ion exchange method. Data for the Third and Fourth Quarters of 1982 and the First Quarter of 1983 are shown in Table 17. 33 ------- TABLE 17 INDIANA MILK ANALYSIS PROGRAM Location IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester S eymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis *Rochester *Seymour * Instrument Failure urth Quarters of Selected Date 7/82 7/82 7/82 7/82 7/82 8/82 8/82 8/82 8/82 8/82 9/82 9/82 9/82 9/82 9/82 10/82 10/82 10/82 10/82 10/82 11/82 11/82 11/82 11/82 11/82 12/82 12/82 12/82 12/82 12/82 1/83 1/83 1/83 1/83 1/83 Gamma pCi/1 1-131 3 ± 3 1 ± 3 4 ± 3 1 ± 3 -2 ± 3 -2 ± 3 -1 ± 3 4 ± 3 2 ± 3 0 ± 3 1 ± 3 5 ± 3 6 ± 3 2 + 3 -3 ± 3 5 ± 3 -1 + 3 7 ± 3 7 ± 3 5 ± 3 2 ± 2 5 ± 2 0 ± 2 3 ± 2 5 + 2 3 ± 2 4 + 2 4 ± 2 3 + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 3 ± 2 3 ± 2 1982; First Quarter < Radionuclides pCi/1 Ba-140 -3 ± 3 2 + 3 3 ± 3 3 ± 3 2 + 3 2 + 3 0 ± 3 4 ± 3 0 ± 3 5 ± 3 -4 ± 3 -3 ± 3 -2 + 3 0 ± 3 -2 + 3 -2 ± 3 -3+3 0 + 3 -4 + 3 -2 ± 3 -3 ± 2 -2 ± 2 -2 + 2 -2 ± 2 -3+2 -3 ± 2 -4 + 2 -4 ± 2 -2 + 2 -3 + 2 0 ± 2 -1 + 2 -1 ± 2 in Past- pCi/1 Cs-137 2 ± 4 5 ± 4 7 ± 4 2 ± 4 3 + 4 1 ± 4 5 ± 4 9 + 4 3 ± 4 0 ± 4 4 ± 4 9 + 4 11 ± 4 3 ± 4 3 ± 4 13 ± 4 5+4 L7 ± 4 7 ± 4 2 ± 4 10 ± 3 9 + 3 9 ± 3 16 + 3 14+3 7 + 3 8 ± 3 6 ± 3 9 ± 3 4 ± 3 7 + 3 10 ± 3 5 ± 3 6/1 K 1.52 + .06 1.46 + .06 1.47 + .06 1.55 + .06 1.52 + .06 1.68 + 1.47 ± 1.66 + 1.75 ± 1.45 + 1.41 ± 1.46 + 1,58 ± 1.51 + 1.44 + 1.43 ± 1.46 + .08 .07 .08 .08 1.64 ± .08 1.46 ± .06 1.36 ± .06 1.46 ± .06 1.41 ± .06 1.38 + .06 .06 ,06 .06 .06 1.31 + .06 1.48 ± .04 1.44 + .04 1.42 + .04 1.45 + .04 1.44 ± .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 1.43 + .04 1.45 ± .04 1.45 + .04 1.37 ± .04 34 ------- TABLE 17 (CONTINUED) IN: Evansvllle 2/83 3 + 2 -1±2 6±3 1.39 ±.04 Fort Wayne 2/83 3±2 0±2 8±3 1.36 ±.04 Indianapolis 2/83 6±2 1±2 9 + 3 1.40 ±.04 Rochester 2/83 4±2 0±2 7+3 1.45 ±.04 Seymour 2/83 10+2 -2+2 12 ± 3 1.46 ± .04 IN: Evansville 3/83 4±2 -5 ±2 5+3 1.47 +.04 Fort Wayne 3/83 4+2 -4 ±2 9±3 1.40 ±.04 Indianapolis 3/83 2+2 -2+2 6+3 1.38 + .04 Rochester 3/83 3+2 -3 ±2 7+3 12.05 ± .04 Seymour 3/83 2+2 -2 ± 2 7 ± 3 1.44 + .04 35 ------- TABLE 17 (CONTINUED) 89 90 Concentrations of Sr and Sr in Pasteurized Milk Location IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester S eymour IN; Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester S eymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour IN: Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis Rochester Seymour (pCi/1 ± 2 Sigma Counting Error) 89, Date 7/82 7/82 7/82 7/82 7/82 8/82 8/82 8/82 8/82 8/82 9/82 9/82 9/82 9/82 9/82 10/82 10/82 10/82 10/82 10/82 11/82 11/82 11/82 11/82 11/82 12/82 12/82 12/82 12/82 12/82 L/83 1/83 L/83 1/83 1/83 2/83 2/83 2/83 2/83 2/83 Sr 90 Sr 1 ± 8 2 i 11 4 ± 7 0 i 8 1 ± 6 3 ± 6 0 ± 5 7 ± 8 0 t 5 0 ± 6 3 + 4 3 ± 4 4 ± 4 2 ± 4 2 ± 4 2 t 11 2 t 11 1 ± 15 3 ± 13 0 ± 14 3 ± 5 1 ± 4 3 ± 5 3 ± 8 3 ± 5 1 ± 5 0 ± 5 3 ± 10 0 ± 5 1 ± 6 1 ± 6 1 ± 5 -2 ± 7 1 ± 6 2 ± 5 0 ± 3 3 ± 5 1 ± 5 -1 ± 4 0 ± 4 2 5 2 5 4 4 2 6 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 1 2 5 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 2 4 2 4 3 ± 3 ± 3 ± 2 i 2 ± 2 ± 1 ± 1 ± 2 ± 1 ± 1 ± 1 ± 1 ± 1 ± 1 ± 1 ± 1 ± 2 ± 2 ± 2 ± 2 ± 1 ± 1 ± 2 ± 3 ± 2 ± 1 ± 1 ± 3 ± 1 ± 2 ± 2 ± 2 ± 3 ± 2 ± 2 ± 1 ± 2 ± 2 ± 1 ± 1 36 ------- TABLE 17 (CONTINUED) IN: Evansville 3/83 1 ± 4 2 ± 1 Fort Wayne 3/83 2 ± 5 2 ± 1 Indianapolis 3/83 2 ± 6 3 ± 2 Rochester 3/83 1 ± 4 2 ± 1 Seymour 3/83 3 ± 4 2 ± 1 37 ------- Radiological Health Division State Hygienic Laboratory of Iowa Iowa Water Sampling Program The radiological Health Division of the State Hygienic Laboratory of Iowa with the assistance of the State Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) maintains a state-wide water sampling program of community drinking waters, surface waters and precipitation. All analyses with the exception of the sequential Ra-226, -228 analyses are performed according to "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 14th edition. The sequential analyses for radiums are performed according to the EPA publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water." The drinking water samples are collected by DEQ regional personnel and sent to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are preserved with HC1. These waters are analyzed for gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity as a screening process. Subsequent analyses for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90 are performed if screening levels are exceeded. Radium levels are of primary concern in Iowa drinking waters as those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers within the state. Surface waters are collected at eleven sites throughout the state with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and downstream to nuclear power plants in Iowa or those plants discharging into rivers which are natural borders with adjoining states. Gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium are the routine radionuclide analyses for these samples. Strontium is of interest when gross beta screening levels are exceeded or if nuclear weapons testing necessitates monitoring to determine its Impact on the environment. Data will be published as it is received. 38 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) Is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's office of Radiation Programs. Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to: Charles M. Petko Technical Support Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility P. 0. Box 3009 Montgomery, Alabama 36193 Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to: H. Michael Mardis, Chief Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility P. 0. Box 3009 Montgomery, Alabama 36193 or to: Lewis Battist, Chief Environmental Studies and Statistics Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461) U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Waterside Mall East 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 *** ------- |