United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
            Office of
            Radiation Programs
            Washington DC 20460
EPA 520/5-83-016
June 1983
             Radiation
&EPA
Environmental Radiation Data
Report 33
             (January - March 1983)
                                                  \
                                                  I

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
                               REPORT 33
                          January - March 1983
             UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                      Office of Radiation Programs

-------
                                Preface
     Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled  and  distributed
quarterly  by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation  Facility  (EERF),  Montgomery,   Alabama.   Data  from  the
Environmental   Radiation  Ambient  Monitoring  System  (ERAMS),  and
similar networks operated by contributing  States,  Canada,  Mexico,  and
the  Pan  American  Health  Organization  are  reported in (ERD) when
available.

     ERAMS was established in  1973  by  the  U.   S.   Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations  that provide air,   surface,
and   drinking  water  and  milk  samples   from which  environmental
radiation levels are derived.  The major emphasis  for ERAMS  is  toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of  long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.

     1.   Sampling  locations  are  selected   to    provide    optimal
population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices  and  other  forms  of  radioactive  contamination   of    the
environment.

     2.  The radiation analyses performed  on  these  samples include
gross  alpha  and  gross  beta  levels, gamma  analyses  for fission
products and specific analyses  for  uranium,   plutonlum,   strontium,
iodine,  radium,  krypton  and  tritium.   This monitoring  effort also
serves  to  provide  ancillary  information  on releases   into    the
environment  from  stationary sources such as  nuclear power  reactors,
fuel fabrication  and  reprocessing  plants  and  natural   background
levels.

-------
             ENVIRONMENTAL   RADIATION

                                DATA
                                CONTENTS
                                                                 Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures                          iii

     - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum                    v
       Detectable Levels
DATA - ERAMS
     SECTION I.  Air Program                                         1

                   1.  Airborne Particulates                         1
                       and Precipitation

                   2.  Plutonium and Uranium in                     10
                       Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

                   3.  Krypton-85                                   12
     SECTION II. Water Program                                      13

                   1.  Surface Water                                13

                   2.  Drinking Water                               16

                   3.  Radon In Drinking Water                      26


     SECTION III.    External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program      27

-------
     SECTION IV.    Milk Program                                     30




                   1.   Pasteurized Milk                             30




                   2.   Tritium in Milk                              30




                   3.   Carbon-14  in Milk                            38






DATA - STATE AGENCIES                                               39




     1.  Indiana Pasteurized Milk Program                           39




     2.  Iowa Water Analysis and  Milk Analysis                      40
                                   11

-------
                            DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
     The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing
the  Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide
continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for  the
public.  Therefore,  new  data reporting procedures were developed to
allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant  change
in  this  reporting  procedure  is  that  all  specific  radionuclide
analyses will be reported as the counting results  indicate,  whether
the number is negative, zero, or positive.

Reporting Rationale

     Frequently, concentrations of a  radionuclide  in  environmental
media  are  close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero,  the  net  counting  results  should  statistically  show  a
distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs
when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has  only
background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported
numerically when the results were less  than  a  specified  reporting
level  or  minimum  detectable level. The present reporting procedure
allows all the  data  to  be  reported  and  evaluated  statistically
without  an  arbitrary  cutoff  of  small  or  negative numbers.  This
approach will facilitate estimates of bias in  the  nuclide  analyses
and  will  allow  better  evaluation  of  distributions and trends in
environmental data.

     When reviewing the  data  in  this  report,   caution  should  be
exercised  in  the  interpretation  of  individual  negative  values.
Obviously,  a  negative  activity  value  does  not   have   physical
significance.  Such  numbers,  however,  are  significant  when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the  true  value
of   a  distribution  is  near  zero.  When  an  average  of  several
measurements produces a result  less  than  zero,  this  indicates  a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.

          (1) Reported Values

          Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses  will
     be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
     is negative,  zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of
     sample collection date.

          Gross Analyses - The actual value  of  gross  radioactivity
     measurements   will  be  reported,  unless the value is below the
     minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence  level,
     then < minimum detectable level will be reported.
                                   111

-------
     MDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of  the  background.  A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.

     (2) Reported Error Terms

     Each  reported  value  for  specific   analyses    will   be
accompanied  by  a  counting  error  term  at  the 2  sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined  by
specific  activity  analyses. Error terms are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very  low  levels  characteristic  of
most   ERAMS   measurements,  counting  error  is  the  greatest
contributor to overall error.

     (3) Significant Figures

     All reported values will be rounded to no more  than  three
significant   figures.  The  last  significant  figure  will  be
increased by one if the figure following  is  five  or  greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.

     (4) Reporting Levels

     The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown  in table 1.
Smallest increments  are  sometimes  considerably  smaller  than
minimum   detectable  amounts  to  avoid  truncation   errors  in
averaging.
      (5) Averages

     Averages will be calculated along  with  appropriate  error
terms  in  an  annual  summary  and  analysis  of ERAMS data.  In
calculating  these  averages,  all  values  of  individual  data
including  negative  numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be included in ERD quarterly reports.
                                IV

-------
                       TABLE 1




ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels




                for Radlonucllde Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross alpha
Gross beta


Tritium

Carbon -14
Krypton-85
Plutonium-238,
239


Uranium-234,
235,238


Radium-226
Strontium-90


Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Milk
Ambient Air
Air
Milk
Water
Air
Milk
Water
Water
Milk
Water

Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/m3
pCi/1
nCi/m2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
V
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/m3
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCl/1
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCl/1
.1 pCi/1

Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 pCi/1
2 pCi/m3
.015 pCi(b>
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi(b>
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1


-------
Radionuclide
Strontium-89
Iodine-131


lodine-129
Iodine-127
Cesium-137

Barium-140

Potassium

Potassium-40
Media
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCl/1
radiochemical
fCi/1
8/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCl/1
8/1
8/1
pCl/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis)
.1 fCl/1
10 g/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCl/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 8/1
.1 g/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Leve Is
5 pCi/l
10 pCi/lCc!
10 pCi/l
-------
                                                            DATA -  EPA
                         ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
                    AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
 SECTION  I.  Air Program

                Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

     Gross  beta   radioactivity  measurements  and  certain  specific
 analyses  are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
 as  indicator measurements in assessing the general  (national)  impact
 of  all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.

     Airborne  particulates  are  collected  continuously  at   field
 stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
 potential sources  of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites  are
 located  throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
 Canal.

     Filters ( 10-cm  diameter  synthetic fiber ) from  air  samplers
 are  changed  twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
 survey meter at 5  hours and 29 hours after collection  to  allow  for
 radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
 to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mall  depending  on  the
 activity levels found.

     The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive  analyses  in  a
 low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
 showing  laboratory gross  beta  counts  greater than  1  pCi/m^. The
 lower  gross  beta  values  reported  for laboratory measurements are
 largely due to the decay of radionuclides which  occurred between the
 times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.

     Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations  where
 air  filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
 they  are  composited  monthly  for  tritium,  gross  beta   activity
 measurements and gamma scans.

     These locations also  correspond  to  airborne  particulate  and
 drinking  water  sampling  locations selected for plutonium analyses.
 Plutonium-238,  -239, and uranium-234, -235,   and  -238  analyses  are
 performed  annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.

-------
     Tables  2-4  present  the   monthly   average   gross   beta
concentrations in airborne particulates for January - March 1983.

     Tables  5-7  present  the   monthly   average   gross   beta
concentration in precipitation January - March 1983.

     The tritium in precipitation samples for January - March 1983 at
the selected stations are shown in Table 8.

     A compilation of individual measurements is available  from  the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL  36193.

-------
                               TABLE  2
                        AIRBORNE  PARTICULATES
                      GROSS  BETA  CONCENTRATION
                            JANUARY  1983

                        AIRBORNE  PARTICULATES
 LOCATION
  AK:ANCHORAGE
  AL:MONTGOMERY
  CA:BERKELEY
  CA:LOS ANGELES
  CO:DENVER
  CT:HARTFORD
  DE:WILMINGTON
  FLrMIAMI
  HI:HONOLULU
  IA:IOWA CITY
  ID:BOISE
  ID:IDAHO FALLS
  IL:CHICAGO
  ME:AUGUSTA
  MI:LANSING
  MN:MINNEAPOLIS
  MO:JEFFERSON CITY
  ND:BISMARCK
  NH:CONCORD
  NJ:TRENTON
  NM: SANTA FE
  NV:LAS  VEGAS
  NY:ALBANY
  NY:NEW  YORK CITY
  NY:NIAGARA FALLS
  NY:SYRACUSE
  NY:YAPHANK
  OH:COLUMBUS
  OH:PAINESVILLE
  OR:PORTLAND
  PA:HARRISBURG
  PA PITTSBURGH
  RI:PROVIDENCE
  SC:BARNWELL
  SC:COLUMBIA
  SD:PIERRE
  TN:KNOXVILLE
  TN:NASHVILLE
  TX:AUSTIN
  VA:LYNCHBURG
  WA:SEATTLE
  WA:SPOKANE
  WI:MADISON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
SAM
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
4
6
8
8
3
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
7
9
3
3
8
7
9
7
4
9
8
8
8
3
7
9
8
12
9
9
9
1
8
9
2
15
9
9
7
9
9
7.1
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.8
6.5
0.1
0.1
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.9
0.5
0.0
1.4
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.3
4.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
2.1
0.0
0.1
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCl/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/nT

-------
                              TABLE 3
                       AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                           FEBRUARY 1983

                       AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
 LOCATION
  AL:MONTGOMERY
  CA:BERKELEY
  CA:LOS ANGELES
  COrDENVER
  CT:HARTFORD
  DE:WILMINGTON
  FL:MIAMI
  HI .-HONOLULU
  IA.-IOWA CITY
  ID:BOISE
  ID:IDAHO FALLS
  IL:CHICAGO
  ME:AUGUSTA
  MI:LANSING
  MN:MINNEAPOLIS
  MO:JEFFERSON CITY
  ND:BISMARCK
  NH:CONCORD
  NJ:TRENTON
  NM:SANTA FE
  NV:LAS VEGAS
  NY:ALBANY
  NY:NEW YORK CITY
  NY:NIAGARA FALLS
  NY:SYRACUSE
  NY:YAPHANK
  OH:COLUMBUS
  OH:PAINESVILLE
  OR:PORTLAND
  PA:HARRISBURG
  PA:PITTSBURGH
  RI:PROVIDENCE
  SC:BARNWELL
  SC:COLUMBIA
  SD:PIERRE
  TN.-KNOXVILLE
  TN:NASHVILLE
  TX:AUSTIN
  TX:EL  PASO
  VArLYNCHBURG
  WA:SEATTLE
  WA:SPOKANE
  WI:MADISON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
SAM
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
8
7
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
5
1
7
6
8
9
6
8
8
8
8
8
6
2
8
8
8
17
8
4
8
7
8
8
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.2
2.9
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.0
1.1
2.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1 .
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
0,1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.1
1.3
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.8
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES -  .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT -  .01 pCi/m2

                              4

-------
                              TABLE 4

                       AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                            MARCH 1983

                       AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
                          5-HR FIELD         EERF LAB
                           ESTIMATE         MEASUREMENT
 LOCATION        # SAM   MAX  MIN  AVG    MAX   MIN   AVG

                           (pCi/m3)          (pCi/m3)

  AL:MONTGOMERY       8   1.6  0.1  0.5   0.01  0.00  0.01
  CArBERKELEY         9   0.5  0.0  0.1   0.01  0.00  0.00
  CA:LOS ANGELES      9   0.4  0.0  0.2   0.01  0.00  0.01
  CO:DENVER           8   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.02  0.01  0.01
  CT:HARTFORD         9   0.1  0.1  0.1   0.01  0.00  0.01
  DErWILMINGTON      10   0.2  0.0  0.1   0.02  0.00  0.01
  FLrMIAMI            8   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00  0.01
  HIrHONOLULU         9   0.3  0.1  0.2   0.02  0.01  0.01
  IA:IOWA CITY        9   0.7  0.0  0.2   0.02  0.01  0.01
  ID:BOISE            9   0.1  0.0  0.1   0.01  0.00  0.00
  ID:IDAHO FALLS      9   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00  0.01
  IL:CHICAGO          8   1.4  0.0  0.3   0.02  0.01  0.01
  ME:AUGUSTA          9   0.1  0.0  0.1   0.01  0.00  0.01
  MI:LANSING          9   0.3  0.0  0.1   0.02  0.01  0.01
  MN:MINNEAPOLIS      9   0.1  0.0  0.1   0.02  0.00  0.01
  MOrJEFFERSON CITY   9   1.0  0.0  0.3   0.06  0.01  0.02
  MSrJACKSON          7   0.4  0.1   0.2   0.02  0.01  0.01
  NDrBISMARCK        10   0.5  0.0  0.1   0.03  0.01  0.01
  NH:CONCORD          9   1.6  0.3   0.7   0.01   0.00  0.01
  NJ:TRENTON          7   0.1   0.0   0.0   0.01   0.01  0.01
  NMiSANTA FE         5   0.9   0.2   0.4   0.01   0.01  0.01
  NVrLAS  VEGAS         7   0.8  0.2   0.3   0.01   0.00  0.01
  NY:ALBANY           9   0.1  0.0   0.1    0.01   0.00  0.01
  NYrNIAGARA FALLS    10   0.2  0.0   0.1    0.01   0.00  0.01
  NY:SYRACUSE         7   0.0  0.0   0.0   0.01   0.00  0.01
  NY:YAPHANK         9    0.1  0.0  0.0    0.01   0.00  0.01
  OHrCOLUMBUS        9    0.6  0.1  0.3    0.02   0.00   0.01
  OHrPAINESVILLE     9    0.5  0.1  0.2    0.03   0.01   0.02
  OR:PORTLAND        9    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.01   0.00  0.00
  PArHARRISBURG       9    0.4  0.1  0.2    0.02   0.00  0.01
  PArPITTSBURGH       9    0.2  0.0  0.1    0.02   0.00  0.01
  RI:PROVIDENCE       7    0.2  0.0  0.1    0.01   0.00  0.01
  SC:BARNWELL        2    0.1  0.0  0.1    0.00   0.00  0.00
  SC:COLUMBIA        9    0.7  0.1  0.2    0.02   0.00  0.01
  SD:PIERRE           9    0.3  0.0  0.1    0.02  0.01  0.01
 TN:KNOXVILLE        9    1.0  0.1  0.4    0.08  0.01  0.02
 TN:NASHVILLE        14   0.0  0.0  0.0    0.07  0.00  0.02
 TX:AUSTIN           9    1.1  0.3  0.7   0.02  0.01  0.01
 VA:LYNCHBURG        9   0.4  0.0  0.2   0.01  0.00  0.01
 WArSEATTLE          9   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.01  0.00  0.00
 WAiSPOKANE          8   0.3  0.1  0.2   0.01  0.00  0.00
 WIrMADISON          9   0.3  0.0  0.1   0.02  0.01  0.01
 WVrCHARLESTON       6   1.5  0.0  0.5   0.01  0.01  0.01
 WY:CHEYENNE         1   1.5  1.0  1.0   0.01  0.01  0.01

MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES -  .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT -  .01 pCi/m3

-------
                      TABLE 5

     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                    JANUARY 1983
 LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH
(mm)
162.5
23.4
68.4
49.5
10.6
115.8
7.5
45.0
6.9
30.0
5.7
15.0
178.4
52.5
110.0
111.3
4.5
19.7
ACT.
±2s
(nCi/m2)
0.21
0.01
0.16
0.05
0.01
0.13
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.14
0.29
0.03
0.14
0.68
0 .00
0.04
0.08
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.09
0.00
0.01
 SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.


 (pCi/1)

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND   NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                      TABLE 6

     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                    FEBRUARY 1983
 LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW'YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
ND   NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
 B   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
DEPTH
(mm)
180.8
30.6
3.3
95.0
40.0
52.3
2.9
25.9
273.9
3.9
61.3
2.3
18.4
10.5
21.9
201.3
42.5
92.5
126.3
37.5
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.18
0.01
0.06
0.13
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.13
0.32
0.01
0.15
0.00
0.06
0.02
0.14
0.15
0.03
0.07
1.21
0.05
0.08
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.15
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.04
0.12
0.02
 SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT,


 (pCl/1)

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

-------
                      TABLE 7

     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

                     MARCH 1983
 LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO: DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH
(mm)
205.0
80.1
77.0
220.3
124.5
60.0
78.5
85.1
203.7
51.9
53.5
3.7
59.5
17.5
44.3
85.0
145.3
88.8
32.5
240.0
107.5
49.3
ACT.
+ 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.13
0.03
0.05
0.33
0.11
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.13
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.03
0.09
0.20
0.07
0.06
0.41
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.11
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.09
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.07
0.04
0.02
0.12
0.05
0.02
 SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT,


 (pCi/1)

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND   NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
                         TABLE 8

                      PRECIPITATION
                  TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                  JANUARY - MARCH 1983
LOCATION

AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA.-LYNCHBURG
JANUARY
nCi/1 + 2s
0.
0.
NS
0.
0.
NS
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
NS
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
5
1

2
2


3
2
1
2
1
1
1
0
0

0
0


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2

.2
.2


.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
FEBRUARY
nCI/1 + 2s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0
0
0
1
0
0
.3
.2
.3
.8
.4
.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
MARCH
nCi/1 + 2s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.4
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.4
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
.3
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS   NO SAMPLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR

-------
             Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates

     Environmental radiation levels  of  plutonium  and  uranium  are
determined  by  the  analyses  of  quarterly  composite  samples (air
filters)  collected  from   the   continuously   operating   airborne
particulate  samplers.  The number of continuously operating stations
is being increased from the original 22  will  eventually  number  67
when all equipment is operational.

     Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by  liquid  ion  exchange,  and  coprecipitation  of the plutonium or
uranium.

     Concentration of the specific isotopes of  plutonium-238,   -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to  40,000  m3
for each quarterly composite.
            F
     Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for October
-  December  1982 are shown for the 42 stations operating during this
period in Table 9.
                                  10

-------
                                        TABLE 9
                       PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE  PARTICULATES
                             OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982  COMPOSITES
                            238,,..      239,
 LOCATION

 AL:MONTGOMERY
 CA:BERKELEY
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CT:HARTFORD
 DE rDOVER
 FLrMIAMI
 HI:HONOLULU
 IA:IOWA CITY
 ID:BOISE
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 ME:AUGUSTA
 MO:JEFFERSON CITY
 ND:BISMARCK
 NH:CONCORD
 NJ:TRENTON
 NM:SANTA FE
 NV:LAS  VEGAS
 NY:ALBANY
 NY:NEW  YORK CITY
 NY:NIAGARA  FALLS
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OH:PAINESVILLE
 OH:TOLEDO
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA:HARRISBURG
 PA PITTSBURGH
 RI:PROVIDENCE
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
 TN:NASHVILLE
 TX:AUSTIN
 TX:EL PASO
 VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WIrMADISON
aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/ra3+
0.8
0.5
1.1
0.9
0.2
0.8
0.1
5.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
1.4
0.4
3.3
0.2
1.5
1.3
2.5
0.3
0.0
0.9
1.8
0.8
1.9
-0.1
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.2
2.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
1.0
0.8
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.2
2.2
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.4
0.3
1.2
0.3
1.6
0.4
1.2
1.6
1.6
0.5
0.4
0.5
1.2
1.6
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3
1.4
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.3
3.2
1.3
0.6
0.6
1.0
0.7
2.0
1.1
0.2
1.0
0.5
1.9
0.5
0.8
1.5
2.8
0.1
1.7
0.3
0.5
1.1
0.3
0.3
2.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.2
1.2
0.3
1.5
1.1
1.4
0.7
1.2
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.4
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.3
1.2
0.4
0.7
0.7
1.4
0.6
1.1
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.6
1.0
1.1
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
aCi/m3+ 2s
9.1
9.5
32.5
20.7
8.3
15.0
5.2
17.9
12.8
20.8
23.3
23.0
13.8
27.6
10.7
8.6
25.8
109.0
26.6
25.6
40.2
29.3
31.5
15.9
27.5
19.5
23.5
41.6
23.4
15.0
28.6
13.2
20.1
11.3
39.4
153.4
8.0
17.9
12.0
2.3
1.9
5.4
3.3
1.7
2.3
1.5
4.0
2.2
3.3
4.9
5.2
2.8
4.2
2.0
1.8
3.8
12.6
4.8
4.7
5.9
4.6
4.5
3.4
6.6
3.3
3.7
7.4
5.0
4.0
6.0
2.3
4.7
2.1
7.3
18.5
2.2
3.3
2.5
aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2
0.3 0.4
0.4 0.4
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.7 0.4
0.7 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.7 0.6
0.2 0.2
1.0 0.5
0.9 0.8
0.5 0.8
0.5 0.5
1.4 0.8
0.3 0.3
0.5 0.3
0.8 0.5
1.9 1.0
2.0 1.2
0.6 0.7
1.6 0.9
0.9 0.6
1.5 0.6
0.6 0.5
1.0 1.3
0.3 0.3
0.9 0.5
2.4 1.4
0.9 0.8
1.0 0.8
0.4 0.5
1.1 0.5
0.8 0.9
0.6 0.4
1.4 1.0
6.1 1.5
0.8 0.7
1.0 0.7
0.9 0.5
10.1
8.8
22.0
16.6
7.9
13.6
5.8
16.3
12.4
20.4
14.9
24.0
8.7
23.5
10.1
7.7
25.3
65.5
27.2
16.9
34.2
27.6
27.5
17.9
22.7
13.5
22.5
46.1
15.1
10.2
21.6
13.6
19.8
10.3
31.6
17.0
6.5
13.0
11.0
2.4
1.8
4.1
2.8
1.6
2.2
1.6
3.8
2.2
3.2
3.6
5.4
2.1
3.8
1.9
1.6
3.8
8.4
4.7
3.5
5.2
4.3
4.1
3.7
5.6
2.6
3.5
7.8
3.7
2.9
4.8
2.3
4.5
1.9
6.1
2.9
1.9
2.7
2.3
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                          11

-------
                               Krypton-85

     Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half  life  of  10.8
years.  It  is  released  into  the  atmosphere  by  nuclear  reactor
operations,  fuel  fabrication,  fuel   reprocessing,   and   nuclear
detonations.  Krypton-85  also  occurs  naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84  as  well  as
spontaneous   fission   and   neutron-induced   fission  of  uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the  atmosphere  has  been  conducted  to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.

     Krypton-85  analysis  began  in   January   1973   with   sample
collections  and  analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of  the
United  States  with  considerations  being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing  plants,  nuclear  reactors,  and  wide  geographic
coverage.

     Dry compressed air samples,  collected  at  each  location,  are
purchased  from  commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.

     The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available
                                    12

-------
                                                           DATA - EPA
                                 ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program

     The ERAMS water  program  provides  ambient  radiation  data  to
assess  the  effects  of  the  nuclear  power  industry,   the natural
radiation environment, and other  nuclear  sources  on  the  nation's
rivers, streams and drinking water supplies.

                             Surface Water

     Grab  samples  are  taken  quarterly  at  58  stations   located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.

     Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses  quarterly
and   gamma  scans  annually.  Tritium  is  the  primary  radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.

     Tritium concentrations are determined  by  liquid  scintillation
counting  of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.

     Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for  January  -
March 1983 are given in Table 10.
                                   13

-------
                                  TABLE 10

                               SURFACE WATER
                           TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                           JANUARY - MARCH 1983
 LOCATION

AL:DECATUR
AL:DOTHAN
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:CLAY STATION
CA:DIABLO CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
COrGREELEY
CT:EAST HADDAM
CT:WATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL:HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
IL:E. MOLINE
IL:OREGON
IL:ZION
IL:ZION
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
MA:ROWE
MD:CONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:BRIDGMAN
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI:MONROE
MI:SO. HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MN:RED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NE:RULO
NJ:BAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
NY:OSSINING
NY:OSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
SC:ALLENDALE
    SOURCE

TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
TENNESSEE RIVER
FOLSOM S. CANAL
PACIFIC OCEAN
HUMBOLDT BAY
PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ROCK RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
DEERFIELD RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CATAWBA RIVER
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MISSOURI RIVER
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
COLORADO RIVER
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
SAVANNAH RIVER
  DATE
COLLECTED

 I/ 6/83
 I/ 4/83
 I/ 5/83
 1/21/83
 1/17/83
 I/ 6/83
 3/22/83
 3/22/83
 1/26/83
 1/25/83
 I/ 5/83
 I/ 6/83
 1/12/83
 1/11/83
 1/12/83
 2/15/83
 2/15/83
 3/ 9/83
 1/15/83
 I/ 7/83
 I/ 6/83
 3/ 3/83
 1/25/83
 1/11/83
 I/ 4/83
 I/ 5/83
 I/ 8/83
 I/ 9/83
 I/ 5/83
 I/ 5/83
 1/10/83
 1/18/83
 1/12/83
 I/ 4/83
 I/ 7/83
 I/ 5/83
 1/13/83
 1/19/83
 3/14/83
 2/15/83
 I/ 5/83
 I/ 5/83
 1/15/83
 1/12/83
 1/13/83
nCi/1
 0.5
 0.4
 0.8
 0.2
 0.1
 0.1
 0.2
 0.5
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.4
 0.2
 0.3
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 0.5
 0.4
 0.3
 0.3
 0.3
 0.2
 0.3
 0.3
 0.3
 0.3
 0.3
 0.4
 0.2
 0.3
 0.1
 0.5
 0.2
 0.4
 0.3
 0.1
 0.2
 0.3
 0.3
 0.2
 0.4
 0.2
 0.3
 2.4
+  2s

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                                      14

-------
 LOCATION

SC:BROAD RIVER
SCrHARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TN:KINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
TXrMATAGORDA
VArDOSWELL
VA:NEWPORT NEWS
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:TWO CREEKS
WI:VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
                             TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)

                               SURFACE WATER
                           TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
                           JANUARY - MARCH 1983
    SOURCE

BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
COLORADO RIVER
NORTH ANNA RIVER
JAMES RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
  DATE
COLLECTED

 I/ 5/83
 1/31/83
 2/15/83
 1/17/83
 1/20/83
 l/H/83
 I/ 7/83
 I/ 5/83
 If 6/83
 1/13/83
 1/10/83
 1/12/83
 I/ 5/83
nCl/1

 0.3
 1.6
 0.7
 1.5
 0.2
 0.2
 2.4
 0.6
 0.3
 0.3
 0.2
 0.2
 0.3
±  2s

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
 8   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                     15

-------
                             Drinking Water

     The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant  to  the  effects  of  the  nuclear  power industry,  natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources.  These  data  serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations,  and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA  "National  Interim  Primary Drinking
Water   Regulations."  These  regulations  provide  for  approval  of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228  levels  do  not
exceed  5  pCi/1,  when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when  tritium  levels  do  not   exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not  exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.

     Grab samples are taken  at  78  sites  which  are  either  major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.

     The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b)  gross
alpha,  gross  beta,  and  strontium-90  on  annual composites (gamma
analyses are performed if the gross beta activity is greater than  10
pCi/1; radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2
pCi/1; and  radium-228  analyses  are  performed  if  the  radium-226
activity  falls  between  3  and  5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is
performed on one quarterly sample per year for each  station  (d)  an
annual composite  for  plutonium-238,  -239, uranium-234, -235, -238,
for  stations  which  demonstrate  gross alpha  levels greater than 2
pCi/1.

     Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting  of  the
distilled  samples,  gross  beta,  and  gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226  by
the  standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined  by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.

     The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for January  -
March 1983 are shown in Table 11.

     The annual alpha, beta, gamma, radium,  and  strontium  analyses
for 1982 annual drinking water samples are shown in Table 12.

     Plutonium  and uranium  analyses are similar to procedures given
for air particulate  samples  . Analyses were altered to coincide with
revised  EPA  standards. The  results for  1982 composite samples are
shown in Table 13.

     All samples were  taken  as  either  a  single  grab  sample  or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
                                  16

-------
                       TABLE 11

                    DRINKING WATER
                TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                JANUARY - MARCH 1983
  LOCATION

AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE  SHOALS
AL:SCOTTSBORO
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
DATE
COLLECTED
1/14/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 5/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
3/22/83
3/22/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 4/83
1/26/83
2/ 8/83
1/21/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 6/83
2/22/83
I/ 6/83
If 4/83
I/ 5/83
21 3/83
1/11/83
I/ 7/83
1/25/83
1/12/83
1/18/83
1/19/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 7/83
1/12/83
1/28/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
1/12/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
1/11/83
1/19/83

nCi/1
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.1
1.8
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2

± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                          17

-------
                  TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)

                    DRINKING WATER
                TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                JANUARY - MARCH 1983
 LOCATION

NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
DATE
COLLECTED
1/11/83
1/11/83
I/ 7/83
2/17/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 6/83
1/10/83
1/13/83
1/13/83
2/17/83
1/19/83
1/11/83
1/13/83
I/ 5/83
1/31/83
If 7/83
1/19/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 4/83
1/26/83
I/ 5/83
1/14/83
1/13/83
1/11/83
1/13/83
1/14/83

nCi/1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2

± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                          18

-------
                                        TABLE  12
                                     DRINKING WATER
                          ALPHA,  BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION

                                        1982

                                   ANNUAL ANALYSES
 LOCATION

 AK:FAIRBANKS


 AL rDOTHAN


 AL: MONTGOMERY


 AL:MUSCLE  SHOALS


 ALrSCOTTSBORO


 AR:LITTLE  ROCK


 CA:BERKELEY


 CArLOS ANGELES


 CO:DENVER


 CO:PLATTEVILLE


 CT:HARTFORD


DE:DOVER


FL:MIAMI


FL:TAMPA
TOTAL
SOLIDS
mg/1
180.8
151.4
65.6
133.2
119.0
29.0
46.8
347.5
107.2
908.0
44.2
274.7
239.0
231.0
GROSS BETA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
2.6
1.0
1.7
2.6
2.0
1.1
0.6
4.4
1.9
7.5
1.1
3.7
1.8
2.2
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
0.8
0.7
2.2
0.7
3.9
0.8
1.8
1.3
1.4
GROSS ALPHA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
0.7 0.8
2/ 8/83
-0.3 0.5
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.3
2/ 8/83
0.2 0.4
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.4
2/ 8/83
0.1 0.3
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.3
21 8/83
1.7 1.7
2/15/83
2.7 0.9
2/15/83
10.1 4.4
2/15/83
0.2 0.3
2/15/83
0.8 0.9
2/15/83
1.0 1.0
2/15/83
0.9 0.9
2/15/83
90 99fi SPECIFIC
yuSr ^bRa GAMMA
pCl/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s ACTIVITY
0.0 0.1
2/ 8/83
-0.3 0.2
2/ 8/83
0.1 0.2
2/ 8/83
0.1 0.1
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.1
21 8/83
0.2 0.3
2/ 8/83
0.2 0.2
2/ 8/83
0.0 0.1
2/15/83
0.2 0.2
2/15/83
-0.1 0.3
2/15/83
0.2 0.3
2/15/83
-0.1 0.1
2/15/83
-0.1 0.1
2/15/83
0.3 0.2
2/15/83
NA
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                                           19

-------
                                  TABLE  12  (CONTINUED)
LOCATION

GA:BAXLEY


GA: SAVANNAH


HI:HONOLULU


IA:CEDAR RAPIDS.


ID:BOISE


ID:IDAHO FALLS


IL:CHICAGO


IL:MORRIS


KS:TOPEKA


LA:NEW ORLEANS


MA:LAWRENCE


MA:ROWE


MD:BALTIMORE


MD:CONOWINGO
                                     DRINKING  WATER
                         ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION

                                        1982

                                   ANNUAL ANALYSES

                     TOTAL  GROSS  BETA  GROSS ALPHA
                                                        90C
                                              226T
                                                          SPECIFIC
SOLIDS  DATE CTD.    DATE CTD.      *uSr       //bRa       GAMMA
 mg/1   pCi/1 + 2s   pCi/1 + 2s  pCi/1 + 2s  pCi/1 _+ 2s   ACTIVITY
214.4   2.5  1.0


 94.2   1.5  0.9


203.8   2.3  1.2


170.2   2.5  1.0


 82.8   2.4  0.8


256.0   3.6  1.6


256.7  20.3  2.5


328.5  22.8  3.7


322.5   8.3  2.6


199.0   3.7  1.3


 91.6   1.0  0.8


 69.2   0.9  0.8


141.8   1.5  0.8


203.0   1.2  1.3
                       2.7  1.0
                     2/16/83
                      -1.0  0.9
                     2/16/83
                       1.9  0.6
                     2/16/83
                       0.1  1.1
                     2/16/83

                       0.1  1.4
                     5/20/83

                       0.8  0.9
                     2/18/83

                       0.3  0.4
                     2/18/83

                       0.2  0.3
                     2/18/83

                       0.3  0.5
                     2/18/83

                       0.2  0.6
                     2/18/83
  NA
2/16/83
                       0.0  0.4     0.4  0.2
                     2/16/83       2/16/83
 0.1  0.1
2/16/83
                       0.4  0.6     0.0  0.2
                     2/16/83       2/16/83
 0.1  0.1
2/16/83
                      -1.2  1.2    -0.1  0.1
                     2/16/83       2/16/83

                      20.4  3.0    -0.1  0.2
                     2/16/83       2/16/83
 0.0  0.1
2/16/83

 0.1  0.1
5/20/83

 0.1  0.3
2/18/83

 0.4  0.2
2/18/83

 0.1  0.1
2/18/83

 0.1  0.1
2/18/83

 0.1  0.1
2/18/83
2.4  0.1
               NA
 NA
               NA
 NA
               NA
              9.5  0.1
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
                                                                      NA
ND
              ND
ND
              ND
ND
              ND
              ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                                                              ND
                                            20

-------
         TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)

           DRINKING WATER
ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION

               1982

          ANNUAL ANALYSES
LOCATION
ME .'AUGUSTA
MI: DETROIT
MI: GRAND RAPIDS
MN MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING *
MO: JEFFERSON CITY
MS : JACKSON
MS :PORT GIBSON
MT: HELEN A
NC: CHARLOTTE
NC: WILMINGTON
ND: BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH: CONCORD
TOTAL
SOLIDS
mg/1
51.6
120.2
170.8
105.4
199.0
267.0
93.8
356.0
125.0
59.4
89.2
327.0
304.0
76.4
GROSS BETA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
1.6
1.1
1.5
1.8
5.8
3.4
1.6
0.0
2.4
2.1
2.5
4.0
6.7
0.2
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.0
2.0
1.8
0.9
0.1
0.9
1.0
1.0
2.4
2.2
0.9
GROSS ALPHA
DATE CTD.
pCI/1 +_2s
0.3 0.3
2/18/83
0.4 0.6
2/25/83
0.4 0.7
2/25/83
0.2 0.4
2/25/83
4.7 1.5
2/25/83
2.3 1.3
2/25/83
-0.2 0.4
2/25/83
3.1 1.8
2/25/83
0.6 0.6
3/ 1/83
-0.1 0.3
3/ 1/83
0.1 0.4
3/ 1/83
0.3 1.0
3/ 1/83
4.4 1.9
5/20/83
-0.1 0.3
3/ 1/83
QO 22ft SPECIFIC
90Sr 226Ra GAMMA
pd/l ±2s pCi/l_jL2s ACTIVITY
0.1 0.3 NA
2/18/83
0.7 0.2 NA
2/25/83
0.7 0.3 NA
2/25/83
0.0 0.1 NA
2/25/83
0.0 0.2 3.6 0.1
2/25/83
NA 1.5 0.1
2/25/83
0.2 0.2 NA
2/25/83
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
2/25/83
0.0 0.3 NA
3/ 1/83
0.0 0.3 NA
3/ 1/83
0.5 0.4 NA
3/ 1/83
0.1 0.2 NA
3/ 1/83
0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1
5/20/83
0.0 0.1 NA
3/ 1/83
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                    21

-------
                                   TABLE  12  (CONTINUED)

                                     DRINKING WATER
                         ALPHA,  BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION

                                         1982

                                    ANNUAL ANALYSES

                      TOTAL   GROSS  BETA  GROSS ALPHA
                                                        90,
                                            226,
LOCATION
NJ: TRENTON

NJ: WARE TOWN

NM: SANTA FE

NV:LAS VEGAS

NY .-ALBANY
mg/1
120.2

80.8

175.6

734.0

98.4
pCi/1
2.0

1.9

3.0

8.0

1.3
+ 2s
1.0

0.8

0.8

5.3

0.9
pCi/1 + 2s
-0.2 0.5
3/ 1/83
1.5 0.6
3/ 1/83
7.2 1.4
3/ 1/83
3.0 3.1
5/20/83
0.0 0.0
pCi/1 + 2s
0.2 0.1
3/ 1/83
0.1 0.1
3/ 1/83
0.0 0.1
3/ 1/83
0.4 0.1
5/20/83
0.3 0.1
pCi/1 +
NA

NA

0.1

0.2

NA
2s




0.1

0.1


NY:NEW YORK CITY


NY:NIAGARA FALLS


NY:SYRACUSE


OH CINCINNATI


OH:COLUMBUS


OH:EAST LIVERPOOL


OH:PAINESVILLE


OH:TOLEDO


OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
                   3/ 1/83       3/ 1/83

35.8   0.8  0.9     -0.1  0.2     0.2  0.1
                   3/ 1/83       3/ 1/83
                                                          SPECIFIC
SOLIDS  DATE CTD.    DATE CTD.     *uSr       ""°Ra       GAMMA
                                                                                    ND
                                                                                    ND
                                                                                    ND
                                                                                    ND
                                                                                    ND
                                                               ND
                                                             ND
                                                             ND
                                                             ND
                                                             ND
                                                             ND
                                                             ND
                                                             ND
                                                                                   ND
 204.0   2.8  1.1


 115.8   1.7  0.9


 184.0   1.9  1.4


 219.7   3.2  1.8


 189.5   1.9  1.1


 185.4   2.9  1.1


 114.4   2.0  1.0


 171.7   2.4  1.2
  0.3  0.6     0.8  0.4
3/ 7/83       3/ 1/83

  0.6  0.5     0.4  0.6
3/ 7/83       3/ 7/83

 -0.2  0.7    -0.1  0.2
3/ 7/83       3/ 7/83

  0.2  0.8     0.1  0.2
3/ 7/83       3/ 7/83

  0.5  0.8     0.3  0.2
3/ 7/83       3/ 7/83

  6.4  0.7     0.6  0.2
3/ 7/83       3/ 7/83

  0.2  0.5     0.1  0.1
3/ 7/83       3/ 7/83

 -0.3  0.6     0.8  0.3
3/ 7/83       3/ 7/83
NA


NA


NA


NA


NA


NA


NA


NA


NA
                                            22

-------
                                  TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
                                    DRINKING WATER
                         ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION

                                        1982

                                   ANNUAL ANALYSES
LOCATION

OR:PORTLAND


PA:COLUMBIA


PA:HARRISBURG


PA:PITTSBURGH


PC:ANCON


RI:PROVIDENCE


SC:BARNWELL


SC:COLUMBIA


SC:HARTSVILLE


SC:JENKINSVILLE


SC:SENECA


TN:CHATTANOOGA


TN:KNOXVILLE


TX: AUSTIN
TOTAL GROSS BETA
SOLIDS DATE CTD.
mg/1 pCi/1 + 2s
22.2 0.5 0.8
183.4 2.0 1.1
39.6 0.5 0.8
197.5 1.7 1.2
85.6 1.2 0.9
60.8 0.9 0.8
23.6 0.3 0.6
71.4 1.1 0.7
33.4 0.3 0.5
144.8 10.3 1.5
36.4 0.9 0.9
122.4 1.6 1.0
153.6 1.1 0.9
168.3 2.7 1.2
GROSS ALPHA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
0.0 0.2
3/ 7/83
-0.2 0.5
3/ 9/83
0.1 0.2
3/ 9/83
-0.4 0.7
3/ 9/83
0.0 0.4
3/ 9/83
0.3 0.3
3/ 9/83
0.2 0.2
3/ 9/83
0.6 0.4
3/ 9/83
0.3 0.3
3/18/83
29.4 2.8
3/18/83
0.1 0.2
3/18/83
0.0 0.0
3/18/83
-0.1 0.6
3/18/83
0.0 0.0
3/18/83
QO 776 SPECIFIC
90Sr 226Ra GAMMA
pCi/1 +_ 2s pCl/1 +_ 2s ACTIVITY
-0.3 0.4
3/ 7/83
0.2 0.2
3/ 9/83
0.2 0.0
3/ 9/83
0.1 0.3
3/ 9/83
-0.2 0.1
3/ 9/83
0.0 0.1
3/ 9/83
-0.2 0.1
3/ 9/83
0.0 0.1
3/ 9/83
-0.7 0.9
3/18/83
0.1 0.1
3/18/83
0.0 0.1
3/18/83
0.3 0.1
3/18/83
0.1 0.2
3/18/83
0.0 0.2
3/18/83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.5 0.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                                           23

-------
                                  TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
                                    DRINKING WATER
                         ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION

                                        1982

                                   ANNUAL ANALYSES
 TOTAL  GROSS BETA  GROSS ALPHA
SOLIDS  DATE CTD.    DATE CTD.
                                    Sr
                                                                  226
                                                                     Ra
LOCATION

VA:DOSWELL


VA:LYNCHBURG


VArVIRGINIA BEACH


VI:ST. THOMAS


WA:RICHLAND


WA:SEATTLE


WI:GENOA CITY


WI:MADISON
mg/1   pCi/1 + 2s   pCi/1 + 2s  pCl/1 + 2s  pCl/1 + 2s

                                                 NA
167.2   6.0  1.3


 92.4   0.7  0.9


147.8   4.9  1.4


 67.0   3.8  1.1


 83.0   0.6  0.7


 38.8   0.7  0.8


180.5   0.6  0.8
                       0.1  0.5     0.1  0.1
                     3/19/83       3/19/83

                       0.0  0.3     0.0  0.1
                     3/19/83       3/19/83

                       0.2  0.5     0.3  0.2
                     3/19/83       3/19/83

                       0.0  0.3     0.0  0.1
                     3/19/83       3/19/83

                       0.5  0.5    -0.1  0.1
                     3/19/83       3/19/83

                       0.0  0.2     0.1  0.1
                     3/19/83       3/19/83

                       1.1  0.7     0.0  0.1
                     3/19/83       3/19/83
114.7   0.4  1.0      0.3  0.5    -0.2  0.1
                    3/19/83       3/19/83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
                                                  NA
        SPECIFIC
        GAMMA
        ACTIVITY

             ND
                                                              ND
                                                              ND
                                                              ND
                                                              ND
                                                              ND
                                                              ND
             ND
  *   MN:RED  WING       Radium-228  4.8 +  .96  pCi/1

ND   NO  ACTIVITY  DETECTABLE
NA   NO  ANALYSIS
  8   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                           24

-------
                                     TABLE 13

                          PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES
                                        OF
                     SELECTED DRINKING WATER COMPOSITE SAMPLES
                                       1982
LOCATION
  238Pu
pCi/1 + 2s
  239T
234T
    'Pu         "•TJ
pCI/1 + 2s   pCi/1 + 2s
                                                               235
                                                                  U
                238
                   U
pCi/1 + 2s   pCi/1 + 2s
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
GA:BAXLEY
IL: CHICAGO
MN:RED WING
0.009
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.001
MO: JEFFERSON CITY0.026
MS: PORT GIBSON
NE: LINCOLN
NM: SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
SC:JENKINSVILLE
0.013
-.005
0.008
0.001
0.002
0.009
0.009
0.012
0.012
0.006
0.018
0.013
0.009
0.012
0.007
0.009
0.000
-0.002
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.000
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
1.
6,
0
1,
0
1,
0
2
5
2
29
.467
.114
.048
.456
.212
.156
.047
.990
.218
.395
.550
0.170
0.719
0.021
0.165
0.042
0.167
0.019
0.344
0.593
0.302
3.618
0.049
0.145
0.000
0.010
0.004
0.040
0.002
0.073
0.192
0.069
0.315
0.017
0.037
0.000
0.008
0.005
0.023
0.004
0.024
0.041
0.023
0.064
1.079
4.996
0.032
0.065
0.011
0.106
0.033
2.045
3.935
1.467
6.610
0.131
0.593
0.015
0.019
0.009
0.036
0.016
0.244
0.454
0.195
0.835
THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LEVEL IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE, FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ISOTOPE,

 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                             25

-------
                      Radon-222 in Drinking Water
     Radon-222 in drinking water has  previously  been  considered  a
source  of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint.
The Office of Radiation Programs  (ORP)  of  the  U.S.  Environmental
Protection  Agency  (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to
evaluate  the  possibility  that  a  major  pathway  from  inhalation
exposure  may exist in addition to the ingestion pathway. As an inert
gas, radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently  can
be  released  during  any  operation  that aerates or agitates water.
Depending  upon  the  initial  concentration  of  radon   in   water,
significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the
general environment.

     To determine the scope of this  potential  problem,  a  national
ground  water  sampling  program  has  been  initiated by the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility  (EERF)  to  obtain  data  on  radon
concentrations  in  water  supplies  throughout the country. Sampling
kits have been assembled by EERF and  distributed  to  various  state
health  departments.  The kit is designed so that state personnel can
collect samples from potable water supplies and  ship  them,  without
loss of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis.

     The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by  two
separate  methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from
all groundwater supplies serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in
which  the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to
be sampled is left to the discretion  of  the  state  programs.  Each
state  is  asked  to obtain a representative sampling of ground water
supplies within its boundaries. The extent of  the  sampling  efforts
and  how  representative the data are for a given state is determined
primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program.

     The concentrations of radon in water are determined at the  EERF
by  liquid  scintillation  counting.  The limit of detection for this
technique using a 50-minute count and a 10-ml sample is 0.16  pCi  or
16 pci/1.

     The sampling kits are being provided to the various states on  a
rotating schedule. This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within
approximately two years.

     Data will be published as it becomes available.
                                   26

-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program

     The external gamma monitoring program, which  began  in  October
1978,  provides  a  continuous  measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United  States.  Data  from  this  program  will  be used to evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions  and  to  provide  a  means  of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due  to  weapons  fallout,  reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing  a  wide  geographic  coverage  throughout  the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not  totally  representative  of  nationwide  exposures, they will be
indicative of national trends.

     The  monitoring  program  utilizes   CaF2:Mn   thermoluminescent
dosimeters  (TLD's).  These  dosimeters  are  commercially  available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A  group
of  four  TLD's  is  located  at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in  the  field.
The  dosimeters  are  returned  to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several  dosimeters  are  annealed  by  the  station
operator  as  controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.

     Results from the period January - March 1983 are shown in  Table
14.
                                   27

-------
                               TABLE 14
            ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
                                         INTEGRATED       EXPOSURE
     LOCATION          DATE RANGE         EXPOSURE          RATE
                                           MR
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
AL: MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
ID:BOISE
ID:BOISE
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
IL:CHICAGO
IL:CHICAGO
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA: PITTSBURGH
10383- 20283
20283- 30183
30183- 40183
123182- 20183
20183- 30183
30183- 40183
10583- 20283
20283- 30183
30183- 33183
10783- 13183
13183- 22883
22883- 40183
10683- 20183
20183- 30483
30483- 40583
10483- 20483
20483- 30483
30483- 40583
10483- 20383
20383- 30883
30883- 40483
10783- 20483
20483- 30783
30783- 40483
10783- 20483
20483- 30783
30783- 40583
10383- 20183
20183- 30283
30283- 33183
121482- 12083
12083- 20783
20983- 30983
30983- 41383
10683- 20183
20183- 30383
30383- 40183
10383- 20483
20483- 30883
30883- 41183
10483- 20183
20183- 30283
30283- 40883
123082- 13183
13183- 22883
22883- 33083
10383- 20483
5.1
4.2
4.9
4.6
3.9
4.3
9.5
9.5
10.5
2.9
3.8
4.8
7.1
8.4
8.5
5.3
4.5
5.8
6.1
6.9
5.4
6.6
7.1
6.4
9.3
9.9
9.3
4.7
4.6
5.0
6.4
3.9
4.8
6.3
4.2
4.7
5.0
6.0
5.5
6.2
5.0
5.0
6.9
4.8
4.2
4.4
8.9
7.2
6.4
6.6
6.0
5.7
5.8
14.1
14.7
14.6
5.1
5.6
6.2
11.3
11.2
11.1
7.1
6.6
7.5
8.6
8.7
8.3
9.8
9.6
9.5
13.8
13.3
13.4
6.8
6.6
7.1
7.2
8.1
7.2
7.5
6.8
6.5
7.2
7.8
7.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
7.8
6.2
6.3
6.1
11.5
4.0
11.9
11.7
6.8
8.7
14.9
3.3
4.1
7.1
16.0
5.7
7.0
11.7
11.2
3.9
10.2
7.2
11.0
7.2
4.4
5.8
6.7
5.9
5.9
5.4
3.3
5.7
5.5
9.1
10.9
6.4
7.0
12.1
9.8
6.1
14.9
6.7
5.5
7.9
12.8
5.7
7.0
5.5
6.7
4.2
16.5
7.5
                                    28

-------
                          TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
            ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
                                         INTEGRATED       EXPOSURE
     LOCATION          DATE RANGE         EXPOSURE          RATE
PA:PITTSBURGH
PA .-PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
VT:MONTPELIER
VT:MONTPELIER
                                           MR
20483- 30183
30183- 40483
121382- 11383
11383- 20883
20883- 31083
31083- 41283
120782- 11383
11383- 22483
22483- 33183
10483- 20183
20183- 30183
30183- 40183
123082- 20383
20383- 30183
30183- 33083
10383- 20283
20283- 30183
30183- 33183
10483- 20983
20983- 30483
30483- 40183
7.4
10.1
7.5
6.1
7.0
8.7
8.3
7.9
6.5
5.8
5.5
6.8
7.4
5.7
6.4
5.6
4.8
7.4
5.4
4.0
4.8
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
12.3
12.4
10.1
9.8
9.8
11.0
9.3
7.8
7.8
8.7
8.1
9.2
8.8
9.2
9.2
7.8
7.4
10.2
6.2
7.2
7.1
5.3
7.3
6.9
5.4
5.0
12.8
6.0
5.0
10.6
5.5
9.7
8.8
4.7
3.5
5.2
7.5
7.0
10.3
6.8
8.3
11.2
*  s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT)
                                    29

-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program
                            Pasteurized Milk
     This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy  and
Lipid  Products  Branch,  Milk  Sanitation  Section,   Food  and  Drug
Administration.  Milk  is  a  reliable  indicator  of   the   general
populations  intake  of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several  of  the  biologically
important  contaminants  resulting  from  environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is  to  obtain
reliable   monitoring   data   relative   to   current   radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.

     Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with  one  or
more  located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of  the  milk
consumed in a given population center.

     These  samples  are   analyzed   for   iodine-131,   barium-140,
cesium-137,  and  potassium.  All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of
the  three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from  the  states  within  each  of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90.

     Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are  determined
by-  gamma  spectral  analysis.  Strontium-89  and  strontium-90  are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate  which  has
been chemically separated by Ion-exchange.

     The values from the pasteurized milk samples for January - March
1983 are shown in Tables 15-17.
     Strontium  values  from  regional  composite
January - March 1983 are shown in Table 18.

                            Tritium in Milk
samples  collected
     It was previously proposed to analyze all 65  milk  samples  for
tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis  (on the
April  sample).  The  EERF  is   currently   evaluating   alternative
analytical  techniques  anticipating  that  these analyses will begin
during the coming year.
                                   30

-------
                                  TABLE  15
              CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                JANUARY 1983
 LOCATION

 AL:MONTGOMERY
 AR:LITTLE  ROCK
 AZ:PHOENIX
 CA:LOS  ANGELES
 CA: SACRAMENTO
 CA:SAN  FRANCISCO
 CO:DENVER
 COrDENVER
 CT:HARTFORD
 DC:WASHINGTON
 FL:TAMPA
 GA:ATLANTA
 HI:HONOLULU
 IA:DES  MOINES
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 IN:INDIANAPOLIS
 KS:WICHITA
 KY:LOUISVILLE
 MA:BOSTON
 MD:BALTIMORE
 ME:PORTLAND
 MI:DETROIT
 MI:GRAND RAPIDS
 MN:MINNEAPOLIS
 MN:ST   PAUL
 MO:KANSAS  CITY
 MO:ST   LOUIS
 MS:JACKSON
 MT:HELENA
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:MINOT
 NE:OMAHA
 NH:MANCHESTER
 NJ:TRENTON
 NY .-BUFFALO
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
 OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR .-PORTLAND
PA .-PHILADELPHIA
DATE
COLLECTED
I/ 6/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 6/83
1/10/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 7/83
1/31/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 7/83
1/11/83
1/18/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/10/83
I/ 2/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 4/83
1/10/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 4/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/10/83
I/ 6/83
1/31/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 3/83
K
g/l+2s
1.74
1.68
1.48
1.82
1.80
1.71
1.39
1.82
1.79
1.70
1.74
1.64
1.83
1.70
1.74
1.76
1.68
1.75
1.78
1.93
1.74
1.72
1.52
1.59
1.83
1.57
1.65
2.00
1.76
1.60
1.45
1.79
1.06
1.82
1.88
1.63
1.72
1.94
1.54
1.50
1.83
1.47
1.65
1.86
0.25
0.17
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.12
0.18
0.17
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.18
0.17
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.17
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.25
0.17
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.08
0.24
0.25
"Cs
pCi/l+2s
-17
2
-8
0
-2
-7
7
-12
0
7
10
9
11
-5
-8
-12
-3
3
-3
16
2
-1
-8
2
-12
-3
3
-7
0
2
7
-5
2
6
7
4
-2
-3
12
-7
8
0
7
-5
15
11
16
16
16
16
7
11
11
16
16
16
11
11
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
16
5
16
16
J.H
Ba
pCi/l+2s
6
11
8
1
8
9
-6
-5
-6
1
3
10
3
7
12
-10
8
-1
4
-10
6
11
-1
11
0
10
-13
-10
9
-2
7
3
5
-9
5
0
-1
-5
4
3
4
-2
6
-1
20
15
20
20
21
20
9
14
14
20
20
21
14
15
21
20
20
20
14
20
20
21
20
15
20
21
20
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
14
20
20
20
20
20
6
20
20
u
I
pC 1/1+2 s
0
-4
2
1
-12
-10
0
1
15
-5
-13
5
-6
-2
-1
3
1
0
0
0
-11
5
2
-2
-6
12
2
-3
-1
2
2
9
-5
-1
-8
1
3
-3
4
6
-9
0
4
-2
14
10
14
14
14
14
7
10
10
14
14
14
10
10
14
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
10
14
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
14
5
14
14
                                        31

-------
                             TABLE  15  (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES  IN  PASTEURIZED MILK

                                JANUARY 1983
LOCATION

PA: PITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
I/ 4/83
1/27/83
1/21/83
1/18/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/27/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
1/20/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
K
g/1+2 s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.61
.60
.68
.64
.75
.68
.90
.64
.71
.83
.86
.63
.79
.65
.69
.66
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.17
.12
.24
.24
.25
.24
.25
.24
.25
.25
.25
.17
.25
.24
.24
.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
-5
12
-5
9
-2
3
-2
-2
-5
4
5
-6
-2
4
2
4
11
7
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
14°Ba
pCi/l+2s
0
-3
-3
9
-4
-4
-1
1
7
0
2
12
10
-5
0
-19
14
9
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
15
21
20
20
20
131j.
pCi/l+2s
-7
-5
6
-10
-3
7
9
1
-3
4
2
-3
-1
1
-7
7
10
7
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
     SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                        32

-------
                                  TABLE 16
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES  IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                                FEBRUARY  1983
LOCATION

AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA: SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY .-LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST  PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST  LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
DATE
COLLECTED
2/10/83
21 7/83
21 9/83
2/14/83
21 2/83
2/11/83
2/25/83
21 7/83
21 4/83
21 9/83
2/15/83
2/ 1/83
21 7/83
2/ 1/83
21 7/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 7/83
21 7/83
2/10/83
2/ 8/83
21 4/83
2/ 9/83
2/10/83
21 8/83
2/14/83
2/ 8/83
2/11/83
21 2/83
2/ 8/83
21 8/83
2/ 7/83
2/15/83
2/11/83
21 7/83
2/ 3/83
21 7/83
2/ 8/83
21 7/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 7/83
21 7/83
2/ 7/83
21 7/83
2/ 8/83
K 1J
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.50
.55
•
54
.48
.49
•
•
•
•
*
*
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
*
*
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
56
51
50
52
52
63
58
58
76
77
42
51
62
50
48
55
57
55
55
67
56
57
54
53
52
66
55
60
60
52
48
56
57
61
56
47
44
53
.53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.17
.25
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.17
.12
.10
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
'Cs
pCi/l+2s
1
5
0
5
-1
3
-5
1
4
4
2
0
2
-2
-1
0
6
4
6
3
0
7
6
3
8
3
2
1
10
3
2
0
0
2
0
5
3
4
3
8
11
6
4
4
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
11
16
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
11
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
1*H
JBa
pCi/l+2s
4
1
-10
2
0
-4
-1
-1
0
1
1
8
2
6
-2
1
1
-2
2
-2
-1
1
-2
-6
-5
7
-1
-4
-3
1
5
2
2
0
3
-6
-5
3
-2
0
5
8
-4
5
9
9
8
9
6
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
14
20
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
15
9
8
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
ij.
LI
pCi/l+2s
1
0
4
-1
0
1
0
-3
-2
-5
2
3
0
-1
-7
-2
-2
2
-2
2
3
-3
0
4
1
5
-4
-2
-1
1
-1
0
1
-1
5
5
5
-2
1
8
-1
4
-4
-5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
10
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
10
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
                                        33

-------
                             TABLE 16 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                                FEBRUARY 1983
LOCATION

PC:ANCON
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA: SEATTLE
WA: SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
2/24/83
2/18/83
2/15/83
2/14/83
21 7/83
2/24/83
2/17/83
2/ 7/83
2/18/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 1/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 1/83
2/15/83
2/ 7/83
K ij/
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.43
.58
.45
.50
.63
.52
.62
.50
.61
.50
.47
.51
.53
.57
.52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.08
Cs
pCi/l+2s
15
3
8
5
0
4
-1
3
6
3
6
1
1
1
2
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
Itl.
'Ba
pCi/l+2s
-3
4
2
0
-4
-1
6
3
3
4
8
4
0
-8
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
6
LJl
I
pCi/l+2s
7
1
5
-1
-3
1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-2
7
0
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
     SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                        34

-------
                                   TABLE  17
              CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES  IN PASTEURIZED MILK
 LOCATION

 AL:MONTGOMERY
 AR:LITTLE ROCK
 AZ:PHOENIX
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CA:SACRAMENTO
 CArSAN FRANCISCO
 CO:DENVER
 CT:HARTFORD
 DC:WASHINGTON
 DE:WILMINGTON
 GA:ATLANTA
 HI:HONOLULU
 IA.-DES MOINES
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 IN:INDIANAPOLIS
 KS:WICHITA
 KY:LOUISVILLE
 LA:NEW ORLEANS
 MA .-BOSTON
 MD: BALTIMORE
 ME:PORTLAND
 MI:DETROIT
 MI:GRAND RAPIDS
 MN:MINNEAPOLIS
 MN:ST   PAUL
 MO:KANSAS  CITY
 MO:ST   LOUIS
 MS:JACKSON
 MT:HELENA
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:MINOT
 NE:OMAHA
 NH:MANCHESTER
 NJlTRENTON
 NM.'ALBUQUERQUE
 NVrLAS VEGAS
 NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OHCINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
          MARCH 1983

  DATE         K
COLLECTED    g/l+2s
  137Cs
pCl/l+2s
pCi/l+2s
3/10/83
3/ 7/83
3/10/83
3/14/83
3/ 2/83
3/ 3/83
3/30/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 2/83
3/ 1/83
3/ 1/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 2/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/21/83
3/ 7/83
3/24/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 9/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 1/83
3/10/83
3/ 2/83
3/17/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/10/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 1/83
3/ 8/83
1.56
1.47
1.64
1.62
1.48
1.59
1.59
1.56
1.66
1.54
1.46
1.52
1.56
2.01
1.87
1.50
1.42
1.47
1.52
1.60
1.55
1.71
1.52
1.66
1.65
1.60
1.56
1.59
1.56
1.62
1.50
1.58
1.37
1.72
1.54
1.49
1.57
1.60
1.59
1.49
1.52
1.47
1.49
1.58
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.08
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.24
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.25
0.25
0.08
0.12
0.12
0.24
0.09
0.08
0.25
0.12
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.24
0.08
0.12
0.25
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.12
0,08
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.08
1
8
4
6
-1
2
-3
2
3
11
6
5
4
-3
3
5
-1
-3
1
4
4
10
1
0
2
0
3
2
7
1
8
-4
-2
8
-2
0
8
1
6
4
1
5
2
1
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
16
7
7
7
16
16
5
7
7
16
5
5
16
7
6
7
7
5
7
7
7
16
5
7
16
7
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
8
0
6
4
8
3
-2
1
-5
6
-2
0
4
14
-8
2
2
3
5
2
2
16
5
1
3
8
7
0
6
2
11
2
-3
8
9
0
6
3
-5
4
-1
7
0
7
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
20
9
9
9
21
20
6
9
9
20
6
6
21
9
8
9
9
6
9
9
9
21
6
9
21
9
6
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
-2
-2
-2
2
-1
0
-1
2
2
0
-3
0
-1
-4
-7
4
-1
2
-7
-2
4
-13
0
1
4
-2
0
1
0
1
-6
2
3
-4
0
-1
4
1
-2
-3
5
2
1
2
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
14
14
5
7
7
14
5
5
14
7
6
7
7
5
7
7
7
14
5
7
14
7
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
                                          35

-------
                             TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                 MARCH 1983
LOCATION

PA:PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
'SC: CHARLESTON
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT'.SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
3/ 7/83
3/ 8/83
3/24/83
3/18/83
3/22/83
3/ 7/83
3/29/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 7/83
3/21/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 7/83
3/31/83
3/ 1/83
3/21/83
3/ 7/83
K
8/1+2 e
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
.74
.58
.52
.44
.42
.58
.52
.42
.53
.54
.74
.56
.59
.53
.89
.55
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.25
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.11
.12
.13
.12
.25
.12
'Cs
pCl/l+2s
-5
7
8
13
9
3
1
4
3
4
2
-2
4
-1
-3
1
16
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
16
7
11
uBa
pCi/l+2s
15
7
4
6
-3
0
-1
4
-5
-1
0
5
-3
4
1
5
2L
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
20
9
ij
XI
pCi/l+2s
0
3
0
-2
0
-1
4
0
2
-2
-1
6
3
1
7
1
14
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
     SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                        36

-------
                     TABLE 18

STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK

             EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES

              JANUARY - MARCH 1983


EPA                    90Sr             89Sr
REGION               pCi/1 + 2s       pCi/1 + 2s*

I                     2.8  0.4         -1   0
II                    2.0  0.4          1   1
III                   2.5  0.9          1   1
IV                    2.0  0.9          12
V                     3.5  0.7         -1   1
VI                    3.2  0.8          0   1
VII                   2.8  0.6          0   1
 VIII                 2.4  0.8          0   1
IX                    0.8  0.5          0   1
X                     1.7  0.4          0   1
    8   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
    s*  ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
        THE COUNTING ERROR
                         37

-------
                           Carbon-14 In Milk

     Nine  stations,   chosen  for  wide  geographical   distribution,
contribute  milk  samples  for  annual  analysis for carbon-14. These
samples have  monitored  the  carbon-14  levels  in  the  food  chain
resulting from nuclear testing.
     Analysis  consists  of  combusting  the  samples
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.

     Data will be published as it becomes available.
and  measuring
                                   38

-------
                                                DATA - STATE AGENCIES
                     Radiological Health Laboratory
                     Indiana State Board of Health
Indiana Milk Analysis Program
     In order to evaluate the fallout on  Indiana  pasturelands,   the
State  has  implemented  a  program whereby monthly milk samples  from
five  geographical  areas  are  sent  to  the   Radiological   Health
Laboratory of the State Board of Health. The milk in these samples is
bottled on the same date in all five areas to  provide  uniform  time
from pasture to the lab.

     Once in the laboratory, the milk  is  first  analyzed  by gamma
spectroscopy    for    iodine-131,    barium-140,   cesium-137,   and
potassium-40. A one gallon sample is analyzed on a 3"  x  3"  Nal(Tl)
scintillation crystal for 4800 seconds.  A background sample of 48,000
seconds is also run. The data are analyzed to  give  pCi/1  for  each
radionuclide.

     A quarterly composite sample is saved and run  for  strontium-89
and -90 by ion exchange method.

     Data will be published as it is received.
                                  39

-------
                      Radiological Health Division
                   State Hygienic Laboratory  of  Iowa
Iowa Water Sampling Program
     The  radiological  Health  Division  of    the    State   Hygienic
Laboratory  of  Iowa  with  the assistance of  the State Department  of
Environmental Quality (DEQ)  maintains  a  state-wide   water  sampling
program   of   community   drinking   waters,    surface   waters  and
precipitation. All analyses  with  the  exception of   the   sequential
Ra-226,  -228  analyses  are performed according to "Standard Methods
for the Examination of  Water  and  Wastewater", 14th  edition.  The
sequential  analyses  for  radiums are performed according to the EPA
publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water."

     The  drinking  water  samples  are  collected   by  DEQ  regional
personnel  and  sent  to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are
preserved with HC1. These waters are analyzed   for   gross   alpha  and
gross  beta radioactivity as a screening process. Subsequent analyses
for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90  are  performed  if   screening  levels  are
exceeded.  Radium  levels  are  of  primary  concern in Iowa drinking
waters as those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers  within
the state.

     Surface waters are collected  at  eleven   sites  throughout  the
state  with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and
downstream  to  nuclear  power  plants  in  Iowa  or   those   plants
discharging  into  rivers  which  are  natural borders with adjoining
states.  Gross  alpha,  gross  beta,  and  tritium  are  the  routine
radionuclide  analyses  for  these  samples.  Strontium is  of interest
when gross beta screening levels are exceeded  or if  nuclear  weapons
testing  necessitates  monitoring  to  determine  its  impact  on the
environment.

     Data will be published as it is received.
                                   40

-------
     ENVIRONMENTAL  RADIATION  DATA  (ERD)  is  published   quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U.  S. Environmental Protection
Agency's office of Radiation Programs.

     Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERD should be directed to:

                            Charles M. Petko
                       Technical Support Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
                             P. 0. Box 3009
                       Montgomery, Alabama  36193

     Requests for  information  concerning  the  operation  of  ERAMS
should be directed to:

                        H. Michael Mardis, Chief
               Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
                             P. 0. Box 3009
                       Montgomery, Alabama  36193
                                 or to:
                          Lewis Battist, Chief
                        cimental Studies and Statistics
                         and Support Division (ANR-461)
                        nvironmental Protection Agency
                          Waterside Mall East
                            401 M Street, SW
                         Washington, DC   20460
                                  ***

-------