-------
DATA - EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific
analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.
Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers
are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mall depending on the
activity levels found.
The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m^. The
lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are
largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the
times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where
air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity
measurements and gamma scans.
These locations also correspond to airborne particulate and
drinking water sampling locations selected for plutonium analyses.
Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are
performed annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.
-------
Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta
concentrations in airborne particulates for January - March 1983.
Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta
concentration in precipitation January - March 1983.
The tritium in precipitation samples for January - March 1983 at
the selected stations are shown in Table 8.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36193.
-------
TABLE 2
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
JANUARY 1983
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
LOCATION
AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FLrMIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM: SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
SAM
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
4
6
8
8
3
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
7
9
3
3
8
7
9
7
4
9
8
8
8
3
7
9
8
12
9
9
9
1
8
9
2
15
9
9
7
9
9
7.1
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.8
6.5
0.1
0.1
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.9
0.5
0.0
1.4
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.3
4.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
2.1
0.0
0.1
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCl/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/nT
-------
TABLE 3
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
FEBRUARY 1983
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:MIAMI
HI .-HONOLULU
IA.-IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN.-KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VArLYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
SAM
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
8
7
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
5
1
7
6
8
9
6
8
8
8
8
8
6
2
8
8
8
17
8
4
8
7
8
8
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.2
2.9
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.0
1.1
2.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1 .
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
0,1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.1
1.3
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.8
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m2
4
-------
TABLE 4
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
MARCH 1983
AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
5-HR FIELD EERF LAB
ESTIMATE MEASUREMENT
LOCATION # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3) (pCi/m3)
AL:MONTGOMERY 8 1.6 0.1 0.5 0.01 0.00 0.01
CArBERKELEY 9 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.00
CA:LOS ANGELES 9 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.01 0.00 0.01
CO:DENVER 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.01 0.01
CT:HARTFORD 9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.01
DErWILMINGTON 10 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.00 0.01
FLrMIAMI 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
HIrHONOLULU 9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.01
IA:IOWA CITY 9 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.01
ID:BOISE 9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.00
ID:IDAHO FALLS 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
IL:CHICAGO 8 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01
ME:AUGUSTA 9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.01
MI:LANSING 9 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.01
MN:MINNEAPOLIS 9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.00 0.01
MOrJEFFERSON CITY 9 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.06 0.01 0.02
MSrJACKSON 7 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.01
NDrBISMARCK 10 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.03 0.01 0.01
NH:CONCORD 9 1.6 0.3 0.7 0.01 0.00 0.01
NJ:TRENTON 7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.01
NMiSANTA FE 5 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.01
NVrLAS VEGAS 7 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.01 0.00 0.01
NY:ALBANY 9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.01
NYrNIAGARA FALLS 10 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.01
NY:SYRACUSE 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
NY:YAPHANK 9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
OHrCOLUMBUS 9 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.00 0.01
OHrPAINESVILLE 9 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.03 0.01 0.02
OR:PORTLAND 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.00
PArHARRISBURG 9 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.02 0.00 0.01
PArPITTSBURGH 9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.00 0.01
RI:PROVIDENCE 7 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.01
SC:BARNWELL 2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.00 0.00 0.00
SC:COLUMBIA 9 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.02 0.00 0.01
SD:PIERRE 9 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.01
TN:KNOXVILLE 9 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.08 0.01 0.02
TN:NASHVILLE 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.00 0.02
TX:AUSTIN 9 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.02 0.01 0.01
VA:LYNCHBURG 9 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.01 0.00 0.01
WArSEATTLE 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.00
WAiSPOKANE 8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.01 0.00 0.00
WIrMADISON 9 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.01
WVrCHARLESTON 6 1.5 0.0 0.5 0.01 0.01 0.01
WY:CHEYENNE 1 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.01 0.01 0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3
-------
TABLE 5
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
JANUARY 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH
(mm)
162.5
23.4
68.4
49.5
10.6
115.8
7.5
45.0
6.9
30.0
5.7
15.0
178.4
52.5
110.0
111.3
4.5
19.7
ACT.
±2s
(nCi/m2)
0.21
0.01
0.16
0.05
0.01
0.13
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.14
0.29
0.03
0.14
0.68
0 .00
0.04
0.08
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.09
0.00
0.01
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 6
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
FEBRUARY 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW'YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
B SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
DEPTH
(mm)
180.8
30.6
3.3
95.0
40.0
52.3
2.9
25.9
273.9
3.9
61.3
2.3
18.4
10.5
21.9
201.3
42.5
92.5
126.3
37.5
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.18
0.01
0.06
0.13
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.13
0.32
0.01
0.15
0.00
0.06
0.02
0.14
0.15
0.03
0.07
1.21
0.05
0.08
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.15
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.04
0.12
0.02
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT,
(pCl/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
TABLE 7
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
MARCH 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO: DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH
(mm)
205.0
80.1
77.0
220.3
124.5
60.0
78.5
85.1
203.7
51.9
53.5
3.7
59.5
17.5
44.3
85.0
145.3
88.8
32.5
240.0
107.5
49.3
ACT.
+ 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.13
0.03
0.05
0.33
0.11
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.13
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.03
0.09
0.20
0.07
0.06
0.41
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.11
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.09
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.07
0.04
0.02
0.12
0.05
0.02
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT,
(pCi/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 8
PRECIPITATION
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JANUARY - MARCH 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA.-LYNCHBURG
JANUARY
nCi/1 + 2s
0.
0.
NS
0.
0.
NS
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
NS
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
5
1
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
FEBRUARY
nCI/1 + 2s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0
0
0
1
0
0
.3
.2
.3
.8
.4
.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
MARCH
nCi/1 + 2s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.4
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.4
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
.3
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS NO SAMPLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are
determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air
filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne
particulate samplers. The number of continuously operating stations
is being increased from the original 22 will eventually number 67
when all equipment is operational.
Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonium or
uranium.
Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m3
for each quarterly composite.
F
Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for October
- December 1982 are shown for the 42 stations operating during this
period in Table 9.
10
-------
TABLE 9
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1982 COMPOSITES
238,,.. 239,
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE rDOVER
FLrMIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WIrMADISON
aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/ra3+
0.8
0.5
1.1
0.9
0.2
0.8
0.1
5.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
1.4
0.4
3.3
0.2
1.5
1.3
2.5
0.3
0.0
0.9
1.8
0.8
1.9
-0.1
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.2
2.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
1.0
0.8
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.2
2.2
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.4
0.3
1.2
0.3
1.6
0.4
1.2
1.6
1.6
0.5
0.4
0.5
1.2
1.6
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3
1.4
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.3
3.2
1.3
0.6
0.6
1.0
0.7
2.0
1.1
0.2
1.0
0.5
1.9
0.5
0.8
1.5
2.8
0.1
1.7
0.3
0.5
1.1
0.3
0.3
2.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.2
1.2
0.3
1.5
1.1
1.4
0.7
1.2
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.4
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.3
1.2
0.4
0.7
0.7
1.4
0.6
1.1
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.6
1.0
1.1
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
aCi/m3+ 2s
9.1
9.5
32.5
20.7
8.3
15.0
5.2
17.9
12.8
20.8
23.3
23.0
13.8
27.6
10.7
8.6
25.8
109.0
26.6
25.6
40.2
29.3
31.5
15.9
27.5
19.5
23.5
41.6
23.4
15.0
28.6
13.2
20.1
11.3
39.4
153.4
8.0
17.9
12.0
2.3
1.9
5.4
3.3
1.7
2.3
1.5
4.0
2.2
3.3
4.9
5.2
2.8
4.2
2.0
1.8
3.8
12.6
4.8
4.7
5.9
4.6
4.5
3.4
6.6
3.3
3.7
7.4
5.0
4.0
6.0
2.3
4.7
2.1
7.3
18.5
2.2
3.3
2.5
aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2
0.3 0.4
0.4 0.4
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.7 0.4
0.7 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.7 0.6
0.2 0.2
1.0 0.5
0.9 0.8
0.5 0.8
0.5 0.5
1.4 0.8
0.3 0.3
0.5 0.3
0.8 0.5
1.9 1.0
2.0 1.2
0.6 0.7
1.6 0.9
0.9 0.6
1.5 0.6
0.6 0.5
1.0 1.3
0.3 0.3
0.9 0.5
2.4 1.4
0.9 0.8
1.0 0.8
0.4 0.5
1.1 0.5
0.8 0.9
0.6 0.4
1.4 1.0
6.1 1.5
0.8 0.7
1.0 0.7
0.9 0.5
10.1
8.8
22.0
16.6
7.9
13.6
5.8
16.3
12.4
20.4
14.9
24.0
8.7
23.5
10.1
7.7
25.3
65.5
27.2
16.9
34.2
27.6
27.5
17.9
22.7
13.5
22.5
46.1
15.1
10.2
21.6
13.6
19.8
10.3
31.6
17.0
6.5
13.0
11.0
2.4
1.8
4.1
2.8
1.6
2.2
1.6
3.8
2.2
3.2
3.6
5.4
2.1
3.8
1.9
1.6
3.8
8.4
4.7
3.5
5.2
4.3
4.1
3.7
5.6
2.6
3.5
7.8
3.7
2.9
4.8
2.3
4.5
1.9
6.1
2.9
1.9
2.7
2.3
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
11
-------
Krypton-85
Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8
years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor
operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear
detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as
spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.
Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample
collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the
United States with considerations being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic
coverage.
Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are
purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.
The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available
12
-------
DATA - EPA
ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to
assess the effects of the nuclear power industry, the natural
radiation environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's
rivers, streams and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.
Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly
and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.
Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.
Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for January -
March 1983 are given in Table 10.
13
-------
TABLE 10
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JANUARY - MARCH 1983
LOCATION
AL:DECATUR
AL:DOTHAN
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:CLAY STATION
CA:DIABLO CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
COrGREELEY
CT:EAST HADDAM
CT:WATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL:HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
IL:E. MOLINE
IL:OREGON
IL:ZION
IL:ZION
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
MA:ROWE
MD:CONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:BRIDGMAN
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI:MONROE
MI:SO. HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MN:RED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NE:RULO
NJ:BAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
NY:OSSINING
NY:OSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
SC:ALLENDALE
SOURCE
TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
TENNESSEE RIVER
FOLSOM S. CANAL
PACIFIC OCEAN
HUMBOLDT BAY
PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ROCK RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
DEERFIELD RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CATAWBA RIVER
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MISSOURI RIVER
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
COLORADO RIVER
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
SAVANNAH RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
I/ 6/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 5/83
1/21/83
1/17/83
I/ 6/83
3/22/83
3/22/83
1/26/83
1/25/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 6/83
1/12/83
1/11/83
1/12/83
2/15/83
2/15/83
3/ 9/83
1/15/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 6/83
3/ 3/83
1/25/83
1/11/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 8/83
I/ 9/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 5/83
1/10/83
1/18/83
1/12/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 5/83
1/13/83
1/19/83
3/14/83
2/15/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 5/83
1/15/83
1/12/83
1/13/83
nCi/1
0.5
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
2.4
+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
14
-------
LOCATION
SC:BROAD RIVER
SCrHARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TN:KINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
TXrMATAGORDA
VArDOSWELL
VA:NEWPORT NEWS
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:TWO CREEKS
WI:VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JANUARY - MARCH 1983
SOURCE
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
COLORADO RIVER
NORTH ANNA RIVER
JAMES RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
I/ 5/83
1/31/83
2/15/83
1/17/83
1/20/83
l/H/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 5/83
If 6/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
1/12/83
I/ 5/83
nCl/1
0.3
1.6
0.7
1.5
0.2
0.2
2.4
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
8 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
15
-------
Drinking Water
The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.
Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b) gross
alpha, gross beta, and strontium-90 on annual composites (gamma
analyses are performed if the gross beta activity is greater than 10
pCi/1; radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2
pCi/1; and radium-228 analyses are performed if the radium-226
activity falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is
performed on one quarterly sample per year for each station (d) an
annual composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238,
for stations which demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2
pCi/1.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the
distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226 by
the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for January -
March 1983 are shown in Table 11.
The annual alpha, beta, gamma, radium, and strontium analyses
for 1982 annual drinking water samples are shown in Table 12.
Plutonium and uranium analyses are similar to procedures given
for air particulate samples . Analyses were altered to coincide with
revised EPA standards. The results for 1982 composite samples are
shown in Table 13.
All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
16
-------
TABLE 11
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JANUARY - MARCH 1983
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
AL:SCOTTSBORO
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
DATE
COLLECTED
1/14/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 5/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
3/22/83
3/22/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 4/83
1/26/83
2/ 8/83
1/21/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 6/83
2/22/83
I/ 6/83
If 4/83
I/ 5/83
21 3/83
1/11/83
I/ 7/83
1/25/83
1/12/83
1/18/83
1/19/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 7/83
1/12/83
1/28/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
1/12/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
1/11/83
1/19/83
nCi/1
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.1
1.8
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
17
-------
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JANUARY - MARCH 1983
LOCATION
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
DATE
COLLECTED
1/11/83
1/11/83
I/ 7/83
2/17/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 6/83
1/10/83
1/13/83
1/13/83
2/17/83
1/19/83
1/11/83
1/13/83
I/ 5/83
1/31/83
If 7/83
1/19/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 4/83
1/26/83
I/ 5/83
1/14/83
1/13/83
1/11/83
1/13/83
1/14/83
nCi/1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
18
-------
TABLE 12
DRINKING WATER
ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION
1982
ANNUAL ANALYSES
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL rDOTHAN
AL: MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:BERKELEY
CArLOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
TOTAL
SOLIDS
mg/1
180.8
151.4
65.6
133.2
119.0
29.0
46.8
347.5
107.2
908.0
44.2
274.7
239.0
231.0
GROSS BETA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
2.6
1.0
1.7
2.6
2.0
1.1
0.6
4.4
1.9
7.5
1.1
3.7
1.8
2.2
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
0.8
0.7
2.2
0.7
3.9
0.8
1.8
1.3
1.4
GROSS ALPHA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
0.7 0.8
2/ 8/83
-0.3 0.5
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.3
2/ 8/83
0.2 0.4
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.4
2/ 8/83
0.1 0.3
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.3
21 8/83
1.7 1.7
2/15/83
2.7 0.9
2/15/83
10.1 4.4
2/15/83
0.2 0.3
2/15/83
0.8 0.9
2/15/83
1.0 1.0
2/15/83
0.9 0.9
2/15/83
90 99fi SPECIFIC
yuSr ^bRa GAMMA
pCl/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s ACTIVITY
0.0 0.1
2/ 8/83
-0.3 0.2
2/ 8/83
0.1 0.2
2/ 8/83
0.1 0.1
2/ 8/83
0.3 0.1
21 8/83
0.2 0.3
2/ 8/83
0.2 0.2
2/ 8/83
0.0 0.1
2/15/83
0.2 0.2
2/15/83
-0.1 0.3
2/15/83
0.2 0.3
2/15/83
-0.1 0.1
2/15/83
-0.1 0.1
2/15/83
0.3 0.2
2/15/83
NA
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
19
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
LOCATION
GA:BAXLEY
GA: SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS.
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IL:MORRIS
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA:ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
DRINKING WATER
ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION
1982
ANNUAL ANALYSES
TOTAL GROSS BETA GROSS ALPHA
90C
226T
SPECIFIC
SOLIDS DATE CTD. DATE CTD. *uSr //bRa GAMMA
mg/1 pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 _+ 2s ACTIVITY
214.4 2.5 1.0
94.2 1.5 0.9
203.8 2.3 1.2
170.2 2.5 1.0
82.8 2.4 0.8
256.0 3.6 1.6
256.7 20.3 2.5
328.5 22.8 3.7
322.5 8.3 2.6
199.0 3.7 1.3
91.6 1.0 0.8
69.2 0.9 0.8
141.8 1.5 0.8
203.0 1.2 1.3
2.7 1.0
2/16/83
-1.0 0.9
2/16/83
1.9 0.6
2/16/83
0.1 1.1
2/16/83
0.1 1.4
5/20/83
0.8 0.9
2/18/83
0.3 0.4
2/18/83
0.2 0.3
2/18/83
0.3 0.5
2/18/83
0.2 0.6
2/18/83
NA
2/16/83
0.0 0.4 0.4 0.2
2/16/83 2/16/83
0.1 0.1
2/16/83
0.4 0.6 0.0 0.2
2/16/83 2/16/83
0.1 0.1
2/16/83
-1.2 1.2 -0.1 0.1
2/16/83 2/16/83
20.4 3.0 -0.1 0.2
2/16/83 2/16/83
0.0 0.1
2/16/83
0.1 0.1
5/20/83
0.1 0.3
2/18/83
0.4 0.2
2/18/83
0.1 0.1
2/18/83
0.1 0.1
2/18/83
0.1 0.1
2/18/83
2.4 0.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9.5 0.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
20
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION
1982
ANNUAL ANALYSES
LOCATION
ME .'AUGUSTA
MI: DETROIT
MI: GRAND RAPIDS
MN MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING *
MO: JEFFERSON CITY
MS : JACKSON
MS :PORT GIBSON
MT: HELEN A
NC: CHARLOTTE
NC: WILMINGTON
ND: BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH: CONCORD
TOTAL
SOLIDS
mg/1
51.6
120.2
170.8
105.4
199.0
267.0
93.8
356.0
125.0
59.4
89.2
327.0
304.0
76.4
GROSS BETA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
1.6
1.1
1.5
1.8
5.8
3.4
1.6
0.0
2.4
2.1
2.5
4.0
6.7
0.2
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.0
2.0
1.8
0.9
0.1
0.9
1.0
1.0
2.4
2.2
0.9
GROSS ALPHA
DATE CTD.
pCI/1 +_2s
0.3 0.3
2/18/83
0.4 0.6
2/25/83
0.4 0.7
2/25/83
0.2 0.4
2/25/83
4.7 1.5
2/25/83
2.3 1.3
2/25/83
-0.2 0.4
2/25/83
3.1 1.8
2/25/83
0.6 0.6
3/ 1/83
-0.1 0.3
3/ 1/83
0.1 0.4
3/ 1/83
0.3 1.0
3/ 1/83
4.4 1.9
5/20/83
-0.1 0.3
3/ 1/83
QO 22ft SPECIFIC
90Sr 226Ra GAMMA
pd/l ±2s pCi/l_jL2s ACTIVITY
0.1 0.3 NA
2/18/83
0.7 0.2 NA
2/25/83
0.7 0.3 NA
2/25/83
0.0 0.1 NA
2/25/83
0.0 0.2 3.6 0.1
2/25/83
NA 1.5 0.1
2/25/83
0.2 0.2 NA
2/25/83
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
2/25/83
0.0 0.3 NA
3/ 1/83
0.0 0.3 NA
3/ 1/83
0.5 0.4 NA
3/ 1/83
0.1 0.2 NA
3/ 1/83
0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1
5/20/83
0.0 0.1 NA
3/ 1/83
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
21
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION
1982
ANNUAL ANALYSES
TOTAL GROSS BETA GROSS ALPHA
90,
226,
LOCATION
NJ: TRENTON
NJ: WARE TOWN
NM: SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY .-ALBANY
mg/1
120.2
80.8
175.6
734.0
98.4
pCi/1
2.0
1.9
3.0
8.0
1.3
+ 2s
1.0
0.8
0.8
5.3
0.9
pCi/1 + 2s
-0.2 0.5
3/ 1/83
1.5 0.6
3/ 1/83
7.2 1.4
3/ 1/83
3.0 3.1
5/20/83
0.0 0.0
pCi/1 + 2s
0.2 0.1
3/ 1/83
0.1 0.1
3/ 1/83
0.0 0.1
3/ 1/83
0.4 0.1
5/20/83
0.3 0.1
pCi/1 +
NA
NA
0.1
0.2
NA
2s
0.1
0.1
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
3/ 1/83 3/ 1/83
35.8 0.8 0.9 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1
3/ 1/83 3/ 1/83
SPECIFIC
SOLIDS DATE CTD. DATE CTD. *uSr ""°Ra GAMMA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
204.0 2.8 1.1
115.8 1.7 0.9
184.0 1.9 1.4
219.7 3.2 1.8
189.5 1.9 1.1
185.4 2.9 1.1
114.4 2.0 1.0
171.7 2.4 1.2
0.3 0.6 0.8 0.4
3/ 7/83 3/ 1/83
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6
3/ 7/83 3/ 7/83
-0.2 0.7 -0.1 0.2
3/ 7/83 3/ 7/83
0.2 0.8 0.1 0.2
3/ 7/83 3/ 7/83
0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2
3/ 7/83 3/ 7/83
6.4 0.7 0.6 0.2
3/ 7/83 3/ 7/83
0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1
3/ 7/83 3/ 7/83
-0.3 0.6 0.8 0.3
3/ 7/83 3/ 7/83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION
1982
ANNUAL ANALYSES
LOCATION
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
TOTAL GROSS BETA
SOLIDS DATE CTD.
mg/1 pCi/1 + 2s
22.2 0.5 0.8
183.4 2.0 1.1
39.6 0.5 0.8
197.5 1.7 1.2
85.6 1.2 0.9
60.8 0.9 0.8
23.6 0.3 0.6
71.4 1.1 0.7
33.4 0.3 0.5
144.8 10.3 1.5
36.4 0.9 0.9
122.4 1.6 1.0
153.6 1.1 0.9
168.3 2.7 1.2
GROSS ALPHA
DATE CTD.
pCi/1 + 2s
0.0 0.2
3/ 7/83
-0.2 0.5
3/ 9/83
0.1 0.2
3/ 9/83
-0.4 0.7
3/ 9/83
0.0 0.4
3/ 9/83
0.3 0.3
3/ 9/83
0.2 0.2
3/ 9/83
0.6 0.4
3/ 9/83
0.3 0.3
3/18/83
29.4 2.8
3/18/83
0.1 0.2
3/18/83
0.0 0.0
3/18/83
-0.1 0.6
3/18/83
0.0 0.0
3/18/83
QO 776 SPECIFIC
90Sr 226Ra GAMMA
pCi/1 +_ 2s pCl/1 +_ 2s ACTIVITY
-0.3 0.4
3/ 7/83
0.2 0.2
3/ 9/83
0.2 0.0
3/ 9/83
0.1 0.3
3/ 9/83
-0.2 0.1
3/ 9/83
0.0 0.1
3/ 9/83
-0.2 0.1
3/ 9/83
0.0 0.1
3/ 9/83
-0.7 0.9
3/18/83
0.1 0.1
3/18/83
0.0 0.1
3/18/83
0.3 0.1
3/18/83
0.1 0.2
3/18/83
0.0 0.2
3/18/83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.5 0.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
23
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION
1982
ANNUAL ANALYSES
TOTAL GROSS BETA GROSS ALPHA
SOLIDS DATE CTD. DATE CTD.
Sr
226
Ra
LOCATION
VA:DOSWELL
VA:LYNCHBURG
VArVIRGINIA BEACH
VI:ST. THOMAS
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
mg/1 pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s pCl/1 + 2s pCl/1 + 2s
NA
167.2 6.0 1.3
92.4 0.7 0.9
147.8 4.9 1.4
67.0 3.8 1.1
83.0 0.6 0.7
38.8 0.7 0.8
180.5 0.6 0.8
0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1
3/19/83 3/19/83
0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1
3/19/83 3/19/83
0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2
3/19/83 3/19/83
0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1
3/19/83 3/19/83
0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.1
3/19/83 3/19/83
0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1
3/19/83 3/19/83
1.1 0.7 0.0 0.1
3/19/83 3/19/83
114.7 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 -0.2 0.1
3/19/83 3/19/83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
SPECIFIC
GAMMA
ACTIVITY
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
* MN:RED WING Radium-228 4.8 + .96 pCi/1
ND NO ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
NA NO ANALYSIS
8 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
24
-------
TABLE 13
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES
OF
SELECTED DRINKING WATER COMPOSITE SAMPLES
1982
LOCATION
238Pu
pCi/1 + 2s
239T
234T
'Pu "TJ
pCI/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s
235
U
238
U
pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
GA:BAXLEY
IL: CHICAGO
MN:RED WING
0.009
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.001
MO: JEFFERSON CITY0.026
MS: PORT GIBSON
NE: LINCOLN
NM: SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
SC:JENKINSVILLE
0.013
-.005
0.008
0.001
0.002
0.009
0.009
0.012
0.012
0.006
0.018
0.013
0.009
0.012
0.007
0.009
0.000
-0.002
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.000
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
1.
6,
0
1,
0
1,
0
2
5
2
29
.467
.114
.048
.456
.212
.156
.047
.990
.218
.395
.550
0.170
0.719
0.021
0.165
0.042
0.167
0.019
0.344
0.593
0.302
3.618
0.049
0.145
0.000
0.010
0.004
0.040
0.002
0.073
0.192
0.069
0.315
0.017
0.037
0.000
0.008
0.005
0.023
0.004
0.024
0.041
0.023
0.064
1.079
4.996
0.032
0.065
0.011
0.106
0.033
2.045
3.935
1.467
6.610
0.131
0.593
0.015
0.019
0.009
0.036
0.016
0.244
0.454
0.195
0.835
THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LEVEL IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE, FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ISOTOPE,
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
25
-------
Radon-222 in Drinking Water
Radon-222 in drinking water has previously been considered a
source of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint.
The Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to
evaluate the possibility that a major pathway from inhalation
exposure may exist in addition to the ingestion pathway. As an inert
gas, radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently can
be released during any operation that aerates or agitates water.
Depending upon the initial concentration of radon in water,
significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the
general environment.
To determine the scope of this potential problem, a national
ground water sampling program has been initiated by the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) to obtain data on radon
concentrations in water supplies throughout the country. Sampling
kits have been assembled by EERF and distributed to various state
health departments. The kit is designed so that state personnel can
collect samples from potable water supplies and ship them, without
loss of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis.
The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by two
separate methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from
all groundwater supplies serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in
which the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to
be sampled is left to the discretion of the state programs. Each
state is asked to obtain a representative sampling of ground water
supplies within its boundaries. The extent of the sampling efforts
and how representative the data are for a given state is determined
primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program.
The concentrations of radon in water are determined at the EERF
by liquid scintillation counting. The limit of detection for this
technique using a 50-minute count and a 10-ml sample is 0.16 pCi or
16 pci/1.
The sampling kits are being provided to the various states on a
rotating schedule. This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within
approximately two years.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
26
-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October
1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United States. Data from this program will be used to evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be
indicative of national trends.
The monitoring program utilizes CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent
dosimeters (TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group
of four TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field.
The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several dosimeters are annealed by the station
operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.
Results from the period January - March 1983 are shown in Table
14.
27
-------
TABLE 14
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
MR
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
AL: MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
ID:BOISE
ID:BOISE
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
IL:CHICAGO
IL:CHICAGO
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA: PITTSBURGH
10383- 20283
20283- 30183
30183- 40183
123182- 20183
20183- 30183
30183- 40183
10583- 20283
20283- 30183
30183- 33183
10783- 13183
13183- 22883
22883- 40183
10683- 20183
20183- 30483
30483- 40583
10483- 20483
20483- 30483
30483- 40583
10483- 20383
20383- 30883
30883- 40483
10783- 20483
20483- 30783
30783- 40483
10783- 20483
20483- 30783
30783- 40583
10383- 20183
20183- 30283
30283- 33183
121482- 12083
12083- 20783
20983- 30983
30983- 41383
10683- 20183
20183- 30383
30383- 40183
10383- 20483
20483- 30883
30883- 41183
10483- 20183
20183- 30283
30283- 40883
123082- 13183
13183- 22883
22883- 33083
10383- 20483
5.1
4.2
4.9
4.6
3.9
4.3
9.5
9.5
10.5
2.9
3.8
4.8
7.1
8.4
8.5
5.3
4.5
5.8
6.1
6.9
5.4
6.6
7.1
6.4
9.3
9.9
9.3
4.7
4.6
5.0
6.4
3.9
4.8
6.3
4.2
4.7
5.0
6.0
5.5
6.2
5.0
5.0
6.9
4.8
4.2
4.4
8.9
7.2
6.4
6.6
6.0
5.7
5.8
14.1
14.7
14.6
5.1
5.6
6.2
11.3
11.2
11.1
7.1
6.6
7.5
8.6
8.7
8.3
9.8
9.6
9.5
13.8
13.3
13.4
6.8
6.6
7.1
7.2
8.1
7.2
7.5
6.8
6.5
7.2
7.8
7.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
7.8
6.2
6.3
6.1
11.5
4.0
11.9
11.7
6.8
8.7
14.9
3.3
4.1
7.1
16.0
5.7
7.0
11.7
11.2
3.9
10.2
7.2
11.0
7.2
4.4
5.8
6.7
5.9
5.9
5.4
3.3
5.7
5.5
9.1
10.9
6.4
7.0
12.1
9.8
6.1
14.9
6.7
5.5
7.9
12.8
5.7
7.0
5.5
6.7
4.2
16.5
7.5
28
-------
TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
PA:PITTSBURGH
PA .-PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
VT:MONTPELIER
VT:MONTPELIER
MR
20483- 30183
30183- 40483
121382- 11383
11383- 20883
20883- 31083
31083- 41283
120782- 11383
11383- 22483
22483- 33183
10483- 20183
20183- 30183
30183- 40183
123082- 20383
20383- 30183
30183- 33083
10383- 20283
20283- 30183
30183- 33183
10483- 20983
20983- 30483
30483- 40183
7.4
10.1
7.5
6.1
7.0
8.7
8.3
7.9
6.5
5.8
5.5
6.8
7.4
5.7
6.4
5.6
4.8
7.4
5.4
4.0
4.8
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
12.3
12.4
10.1
9.8
9.8
11.0
9.3
7.8
7.8
8.7
8.1
9.2
8.8
9.2
9.2
7.8
7.4
10.2
6.2
7.2
7.1
5.3
7.3
6.9
5.4
5.0
12.8
6.0
5.0
10.6
5.5
9.7
8.8
4.7
3.5
5.2
7.5
7.0
10.3
6.8
8.3
11.2
* s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT)
29
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and
Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug
Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general
populations intake of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several of the biologically
important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain
reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or
more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
These samples are analyzed for iodine-131, barium-140,
cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of
the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined
by- gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has
been chemically separated by Ion-exchange.
The values from the pasteurized milk samples for January - March
1983 are shown in Tables 15-17.
Strontium values from regional composite
January - March 1983 are shown in Table 18.
Tritium in Milk
samples collected
It was previously proposed to analyze all 65 milk samples for
tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the
April sample). The EERF is currently evaluating alternative
analytical techniques anticipating that these analyses will begin
during the coming year.
30
-------
TABLE 15
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
JANUARY 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA: SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NY .-BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR .-PORTLAND
PA .-PHILADELPHIA
DATE
COLLECTED
I/ 6/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 6/83
1/10/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 7/83
1/31/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 7/83
1/11/83
1/18/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/10/83
I/ 2/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 4/83
1/10/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 7/83
I/ 5/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 4/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 6/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/10/83
I/ 6/83
1/31/83
I/ 4/83
I/ 3/83
K
g/l+2s
1.74
1.68
1.48
1.82
1.80
1.71
1.39
1.82
1.79
1.70
1.74
1.64
1.83
1.70
1.74
1.76
1.68
1.75
1.78
1.93
1.74
1.72
1.52
1.59
1.83
1.57
1.65
2.00
1.76
1.60
1.45
1.79
1.06
1.82
1.88
1.63
1.72
1.94
1.54
1.50
1.83
1.47
1.65
1.86
0.25
0.17
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.12
0.18
0.17
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.18
0.17
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.17
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.25
0.17
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.08
0.24
0.25
"Cs
pCi/l+2s
-17
2
-8
0
-2
-7
7
-12
0
7
10
9
11
-5
-8
-12
-3
3
-3
16
2
-1
-8
2
-12
-3
3
-7
0
2
7
-5
2
6
7
4
-2
-3
12
-7
8
0
7
-5
15
11
16
16
16
16
7
11
11
16
16
16
11
11
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
16
5
16
16
J.H
Ba
pCi/l+2s
6
11
8
1
8
9
-6
-5
-6
1
3
10
3
7
12
-10
8
-1
4
-10
6
11
-1
11
0
10
-13
-10
9
-2
7
3
5
-9
5
0
-1
-5
4
3
4
-2
6
-1
20
15
20
20
21
20
9
14
14
20
20
21
14
15
21
20
20
20
14
20
20
21
20
15
20
21
20
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
14
20
20
20
20
20
6
20
20
u
I
pC 1/1+2 s
0
-4
2
1
-12
-10
0
1
15
-5
-13
5
-6
-2
-1
3
1
0
0
0
-11
5
2
-2
-6
12
2
-3
-1
2
2
9
-5
-1
-8
1
3
-3
4
6
-9
0
4
-2
14
10
14
14
14
14
7
10
10
14
14
14
10
10
14
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
10
14
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
14
5
14
14
31
-------
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
JANUARY 1983
LOCATION
PA: PITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
I/ 4/83
1/27/83
1/21/83
1/18/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/27/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
1/20/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
I/ 3/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
K
g/1+2 s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.61
.60
.68
.64
.75
.68
.90
.64
.71
.83
.86
.63
.79
.65
.69
.66
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.17
.12
.24
.24
.25
.24
.25
.24
.25
.25
.25
.17
.25
.24
.24
.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
-5
12
-5
9
-2
3
-2
-2
-5
4
5
-6
-2
4
2
4
11
7
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
11
16
16
16
16
14°Ba
pCi/l+2s
0
-3
-3
9
-4
-4
-1
1
7
0
2
12
10
-5
0
-19
14
9
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
15
21
20
20
20
131j.
pCi/l+2s
-7
-5
6
-10
-3
7
9
1
-3
4
2
-3
-1
1
-7
7
10
7
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
10
14
14
14
14
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
32
-------
TABLE 16
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
FEBRUARY 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA: SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY .-LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
DATE
COLLECTED
2/10/83
21 7/83
21 9/83
2/14/83
21 2/83
2/11/83
2/25/83
21 7/83
21 4/83
21 9/83
2/15/83
2/ 1/83
21 7/83
2/ 1/83
21 7/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 7/83
21 7/83
2/10/83
2/ 8/83
21 4/83
2/ 9/83
2/10/83
21 8/83
2/14/83
2/ 8/83
2/11/83
21 2/83
2/ 8/83
21 8/83
2/ 7/83
2/15/83
2/11/83
21 7/83
2/ 3/83
21 7/83
2/ 8/83
21 7/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 7/83
21 7/83
2/ 7/83
21 7/83
2/ 8/83
K 1J
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.50
.55
54
.48
.49
*
*
*
*
*
*
56
51
50
52
52
63
58
58
76
77
42
51
62
50
48
55
57
55
55
67
56
57
54
53
52
66
55
60
60
52
48
56
57
61
56
47
44
53
.53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.17
.25
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.17
.12
.10
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
'Cs
pCi/l+2s
1
5
0
5
-1
3
-5
1
4
4
2
0
2
-2
-1
0
6
4
6
3
0
7
6
3
8
3
2
1
10
3
2
0
0
2
0
5
3
4
3
8
11
6
4
4
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
11
16
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
11
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
1*H
JBa
pCi/l+2s
4
1
-10
2
0
-4
-1
-1
0
1
1
8
2
6
-2
1
1
-2
2
-2
-1
1
-2
-6
-5
7
-1
-4
-3
1
5
2
2
0
3
-6
-5
3
-2
0
5
8
-4
5
9
9
8
9
6
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
14
20
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
15
9
8
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
ij.
LI
pCi/l+2s
1
0
4
-1
0
1
0
-3
-2
-5
2
3
0
-1
-7
-2
-2
2
-2
2
3
-3
0
4
1
5
-4
-2
-1
1
-1
0
1
-1
5
5
5
-2
1
8
-1
4
-4
-5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
10
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
10
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
33
-------
TABLE 16 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
FEBRUARY 1983
LOCATION
PC:ANCON
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA: SEATTLE
WA: SPOKANE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
2/24/83
2/18/83
2/15/83
2/14/83
21 7/83
2/24/83
2/17/83
2/ 7/83
2/18/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 1/83
2/ 7/83
2/ 1/83
2/15/83
2/ 7/83
K ij/
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.43
.58
.45
.50
.63
.52
.62
.50
.61
.50
.47
.51
.53
.57
.52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.08
Cs
pCi/l+2s
15
3
8
5
0
4
-1
3
6
3
6
1
1
1
2
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
Itl.
'Ba
pCi/l+2s
-3
4
2
0
-4
-1
6
3
3
4
8
4
0
-8
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
6
LJl
I
pCi/l+2s
7
1
5
-1
-3
1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-2
7
0
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
34
-------
TABLE 17
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CArSAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:WILMINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA.-DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA .-BOSTON
MD: BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJlTRENTON
NM.'ALBUQUERQUE
NVrLAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OHCINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
MARCH 1983
DATE K
COLLECTED g/l+2s
137Cs
pCl/l+2s
pCi/l+2s
3/10/83
3/ 7/83
3/10/83
3/14/83
3/ 2/83
3/ 3/83
3/30/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 2/83
3/ 1/83
3/ 1/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 2/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/21/83
3/ 7/83
3/24/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 9/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 1/83
3/10/83
3/ 2/83
3/17/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/10/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 7/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 1/83
3/ 8/83
1.56
1.47
1.64
1.62
1.48
1.59
1.59
1.56
1.66
1.54
1.46
1.52
1.56
2.01
1.87
1.50
1.42
1.47
1.52
1.60
1.55
1.71
1.52
1.66
1.65
1.60
1.56
1.59
1.56
1.62
1.50
1.58
1.37
1.72
1.54
1.49
1.57
1.60
1.59
1.49
1.52
1.47
1.49
1.58
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.08
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.24
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.25
0.25
0.08
0.12
0.12
0.24
0.09
0.08
0.25
0.12
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.24
0.08
0.12
0.25
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.12
0,08
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.08
1
8
4
6
-1
2
-3
2
3
11
6
5
4
-3
3
5
-1
-3
1
4
4
10
1
0
2
0
3
2
7
1
8
-4
-2
8
-2
0
8
1
6
4
1
5
2
1
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
16
7
7
7
16
16
5
7
7
16
5
5
16
7
6
7
7
5
7
7
7
16
5
7
16
7
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
8
0
6
4
8
3
-2
1
-5
6
-2
0
4
14
-8
2
2
3
5
2
2
16
5
1
3
8
7
0
6
2
11
2
-3
8
9
0
6
3
-5
4
-1
7
0
7
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
20
9
9
9
21
20
6
9
9
20
6
6
21
9
8
9
9
6
9
9
9
21
6
9
21
9
6
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
-2
-2
-2
2
-1
0
-1
2
2
0
-3
0
-1
-4
-7
4
-1
2
-7
-2
4
-13
0
1
4
-2
0
1
0
1
-6
2
3
-4
0
-1
4
1
-2
-3
5
2
1
2
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
14
14
5
7
7
14
5
5
14
7
6
7
7
5
7
7
7
14
5
7
14
7
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
35
-------
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
MARCH 1983
LOCATION
PA:PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
'SC: CHARLESTON
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT'.SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
3/ 7/83
3/ 8/83
3/24/83
3/18/83
3/22/83
3/ 7/83
3/29/83
3/ 8/83
3/ 7/83
3/21/83
3/ 4/83
3/ 7/83
3/31/83
3/ 1/83
3/21/83
3/ 7/83
K
8/1+2 e
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
.74
.58
.52
.44
.42
.58
.52
.42
.53
.54
.74
.56
.59
.53
.89
.55
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.25
.12
.12
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.11
.12
.13
.12
.25
.12
'Cs
pCl/l+2s
-5
7
8
13
9
3
1
4
3
4
2
-2
4
-1
-3
1
16
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
16
7
11
uBa
pCi/l+2s
15
7
4
6
-3
0
-1
4
-5
-1
0
5
-3
4
1
5
2L
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
20
9
ij
XI
pCi/l+2s
0
3
0
-2
0
-1
4
0
2
-2
-1
6
3
1
7
1
14
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
36
-------
TABLE 18
STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES
JANUARY - MARCH 1983
EPA 90Sr 89Sr
REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s*
I 2.8 0.4 -1 0
II 2.0 0.4 1 1
III 2.5 0.9 1 1
IV 2.0 0.9 12
V 3.5 0.7 -1 1
VI 3.2 0.8 0 1
VII 2.8 0.6 0 1
VIII 2.4 0.8 0 1
IX 0.8 0.5 0 1
X 1.7 0.4 0 1
8 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
s* ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
THE COUNTING ERROR
37
-------
Carbon-14 In Milk
Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution,
contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These
samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain
resulting from nuclear testing.
Analysis consists of combusting the samples
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
and measuring
38
-------
DATA - STATE AGENCIES
Radiological Health Laboratory
Indiana State Board of Health
Indiana Milk Analysis Program
In order to evaluate the fallout on Indiana pasturelands, the
State has implemented a program whereby monthly milk samples from
five geographical areas are sent to the Radiological Health
Laboratory of the State Board of Health. The milk in these samples is
bottled on the same date in all five areas to provide uniform time
from pasture to the lab.
Once in the laboratory, the milk is first analyzed by gamma
spectroscopy for iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and
potassium-40. A one gallon sample is analyzed on a 3" x 3" Nal(Tl)
scintillation crystal for 4800 seconds. A background sample of 48,000
seconds is also run. The data are analyzed to give pCi/1 for each
radionuclide.
A quarterly composite sample is saved and run for strontium-89
and -90 by ion exchange method.
Data will be published as it is received.
39
-------
Radiological Health Division
State Hygienic Laboratory of Iowa
Iowa Water Sampling Program
The radiological Health Division of the State Hygienic
Laboratory of Iowa with the assistance of the State Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) maintains a state-wide water sampling
program of community drinking waters, surface waters and
precipitation. All analyses with the exception of the sequential
Ra-226, -228 analyses are performed according to "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 14th edition. The
sequential analyses for radiums are performed according to the EPA
publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water."
The drinking water samples are collected by DEQ regional
personnel and sent to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are
preserved with HC1. These waters are analyzed for gross alpha and
gross beta radioactivity as a screening process. Subsequent analyses
for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90 are performed if screening levels are
exceeded. Radium levels are of primary concern in Iowa drinking
waters as those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers within
the state.
Surface waters are collected at eleven sites throughout the
state with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and
downstream to nuclear power plants in Iowa or those plants
discharging into rivers which are natural borders with adjoining
states. Gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium are the routine
radionuclide analyses for these samples. Strontium is of interest
when gross beta screening levels are exceeded or if nuclear weapons
testing necessitates monitoring to determine its impact on the
environment.
Data will be published as it is received.
40
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency's office of Radiation Programs.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Technical Support Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS
should be directed to:
H. Michael Mardis, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
or to:
Lewis Battist, Chief
cimental Studies and Statistics
and Support Division (ANR-461)
nvironmental Protection Agency
Waterside Mall East
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
***
-------