United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility
P.O. Box 3009
Montgomery, AL 36109
EPA 520/5-83-028
September 1983
Radiation
SEPA
Environmental Radiation Data
Report 34
(April-June 1983)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 34
April - June 1983
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Radiation Programs
-------
Preface
Environmental Radiation D_ata (ERD) is compiled and distributed
quarterlyby the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama. Data from the
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS), and
similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Pan American Health Organization are reported in (ERD) when
available.
ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface,
and drinking water and milk samples from which environmental
radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.
1. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal
population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the
environment.
2. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include
gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission
products and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium,
iodine, radium, krypton and tritium. This monitoring effort also
serves to provide ancillary information on releases into the
environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors,
fuel fabrication and reprocessing plants and natural background
levels.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
DATA
CONTENTS
Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
- Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum
Detectable Levels
DATA - ERAMS
SECTION I. Air Program 1
1. Airborne Particulates 1
and Precipitation
2. Plutonium and Uranium in 10
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
3. Krypton-85 12
SECTION II. Water Program 13
1. Surface Water 13
2. Drinking Water 16
3. Radon in Drinking Water 19
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 37
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program 40
1. Pasteurized Milk 40
2. Tritium in Milk 40
3. Carbon-14 in Milk 48
DATA - STATE AGENCIES 49
1. Indiana Pasteurized Milk Program 49
2. Iowa Water Analysis and Milk Analysis 50
1 1
-------
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing
the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide
continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for the
public. Therefore, new data reporting procedures were developed to
allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant change
in this reporting procedure is that all specific radionuclide
analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether
the number is negative, zero, or positive.
Reporting Rat_ipnale_
Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental
media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a
distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs
when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only
background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported
numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting
level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure
allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically
without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This
approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses
and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in
environmental data.
When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be
exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values.
Obviously, a negative activity value does not have physical
significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the true value
of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several
measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.
(1) Reported Values
Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will
be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
is negative, zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of
sample collection date.
Gross Analyses - The actual value of gross radioactivity
measurements will be reported, unless the value is below the
minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level,
then < minimum detectable level will be reported.
i i i
-------
MDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.
(2) Reported Ejrrpr Terms
Each reported value for specific analyses will be
accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined by
specific activity analyses. Error terms are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of
most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest
contributor to overall error.
(3) Significant P_igures_
All reported values will be rounded to no more than three
significant figures. The last significant figure will be
increased by one if the figure following is five or greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.
(4) Reporting levels
The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1.
Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than
minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in
averaging.
(5) Averages
Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error
terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In
calculating these averages, all values of individual data
including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be included in ERD quarterly reports.
1 V
-------
TABLE 1
ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels
for Radlonuclide Analyses
Radlonuclide
Gross alpha
Gross beta
Tritium
Carbon-14
Krypton-85
Plutoniura-238,
239
Uranium-234,
235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Milk
Ambient Air
Air
Milk
Water
Air
Milk
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Reporting
Units
pCl/1
pCl/m3
pCi/1
nCi/m2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/m3
.1 aCi/m3
.001 PCi/l
.001 pCi/1
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(a)
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 pCi/1
2 pCi/m3
.015 pCi(b>
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 PC1
per sample
.015 PCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
-------
Radlonuclide
Strontium-89
Iodine-131
Iodine-129
Iodine-127
Cesium-137
Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium~40
Media
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
radiochemical
fCi/1
8/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/i
g/1
g/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis)
.1 fCi/1
10 g/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 g/1
•1 8/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
5 pCi/l(c)
10 pCi/l(c)
10 PCi/l(c)
.4 pCi/1
.4 fCi/1
10 g/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c)
10 pCi/l(c)
•12 g/1
.12 g/1
100 pCi/1
(a) The value in terms of nCi/m^ would be dependent on precipitation (mm)
(b) This value in terms of pCi/m3 would be dependent on the air volume.
(c) Activity as of the day of counting.
-------
DATA - EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and P re eip itat i on
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific
analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout-the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.
Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers
are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the
activity levels found.
The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/tn^. The
lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are
largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the
times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where
air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity
measurements and gamma scans.
These locations also correspond to airborne particulate and
drinking water sampling locations selected for plutonium analyses.
Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are
performed annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.
-------
Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta
concentrations in airborne participates for April - June 1983.
Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta
concentration in precipitation April - June 1983.
The tritium in precipitation samples for April - June 1983 at
the selected stations are shown in Table 8.
The specific gamma results will be published when they are
available.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36193.
-------
TABLE 2
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
APRIL 1983
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
LOCATION
# SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
(pCi/m3)
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID-.BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
ME:AUGUSTA
MI :LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO .-JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
OHtPAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
UT.'SALT LAKE CITY
VAiLYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
MINIMUM DETECTABLE
MINIMUM DETECTABLE
11
9
9
8
8
8
9
8
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
1
9
9
3
1
8
9
8
7
7
8
9
9
8
8
5
2
9
8
8
15
8
5
7
9
8
8
7
,1MT
,IMI'
0.6
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.6
4.2
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.2
0.8
0.0
1.5
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.2
r FOR
C FOR
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
O.I
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
FIELD
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
1.3
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0,01
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
O.OL
0.02
0.02
ESTIMATES -
LAB MEASUREMENT -
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0,01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
.1 pCi/m3,
.01
pci/nr
-------
TABLE 3
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
MAY 1983
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CArLOS ANGELES
CO rDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
ME :AUGUSTA
MI:LANSING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY .-SYRACUSE
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VAtLYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI .-MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:CHEYENNE
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
Ul
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
9
9
9
8
9
8
1
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
10
9
4
9
9
9
5
5
9
9
9
9
9
5
2
9
9
9
7
9
9
9
8
9
2
9
1
tMIl
IMI1
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.9
0.2
0.0
1.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
1.1
2.9
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.0
1.4
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.4
0.2
1.6
: FOR
P FOR
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.6
FIELD
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
1.6
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m3)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.03
ESTIMATES -
LAB MEASUREMENT -
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
o.oo
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
.1 pCl/m3
.01 pCl/m3
-------
TABLE 4
LOCATION
AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
JUNE 1983
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
// SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
(pCi/m3)
14
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
9
.8
6
7
8
8
2
9
9
8
8
3
8
8
5
9
8
8
5
8
8
8
3
5
3
8
7
8
3
8
3
8
5
7
8
8
8
7
1.3
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.2
1.4
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.3
1.7
0.2
0.4
4,1
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.0
1.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
1.5
0.2
1.1
1.2
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.3
2.5
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
OV3
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.7
0.8
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
o.oo
b.oi
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO'.DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DEtWILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI-.HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:TOPEKA
ME :AUGUSTA
MI: LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV-.LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY SYRACUSE
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SCtBARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
UTrSALT LAKE CITY
VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WV:CHARLESTON
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 r
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/mJ
5
-------
TABLE 5
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
APRIL 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN'.INDIANAPOLIS
MI:LANSING
MS:JACKSON
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH-.COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OR .'PORTLAND
PA .'HARRISBURG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
VA:LYNCHBURG
DEPTH
(mm)
270.0
88.1
37.8
246.3
24.8
21.8
67.9
25.0
111.8
311.8
60.0
3.7
60.0
136.0
116.3
83.8
108.3
108.0
82.5
162.5
177.2
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.15
0.09
0.05
0.37
0.10
0.03
0.06
0.02
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.01
0.12
0.13
0.06
0.13
0.17
0.04
0.21
0.27
0.11
0.12
0.04
0.02
0.14
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.05
0.12
0.03
0.00
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.08
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 6
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
MAY 1983
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
IN .-INDIANAPOLIS
MI:LANSING
MN.-MINNEAPOLIS
MS:JACKSON
ND: BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH.-PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
SC: BARN WELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
WV:CHARLESTON
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
(mm) (nCi/m2)
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
123.8
26.5
59.8
151.3
81.2
63.4
130.2
72.5
176.8
53.8
249.6
33.4
41.3
58.6
79.2
225.6
150.6
40.0
32.3
98.3
89.5
40.0
31.2
40.0
71.7
0.44
0.01
0.09
0.35
0.14
0.06
0.18
0.06
0.15
0.13
0.29
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.04
0.04
0.13
0.12
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.09
0.08
0.01
0.03
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.08
0.03
0.12
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.09
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 7
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
JUNE 1983
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
MI:LANSING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH .'COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA .-PITTS BURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
WV:CHARLESTON
DEPTH
(mm)
115.0
23.5
75.0
130.6
24.0
29.6
22.5
107.5
417.5
86.8
40.8
25.3
20.0
346.2
99.0
66.3
35.0
36.5
103.7
37.3
75.3
130.0
20.0
42.5
35.1
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.17
0.03
0.36
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.09
0.56
0.07
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.44
0.11
0.06
0.03
0.05
0.17
0.02
0.17
0.12
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.23
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.17
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.05
0.07
0.01
0.02
0.02
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCl/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
8
-------
TABLE 8
PRECIPITATION
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ: TRENTON
NV.-LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PArHARRISBURG
PA .'PITTSBURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VArLYNCHBURG
WV:CHARLESTON
APRIL - JUNE
APRIL
nCi/1 + 2s
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
NS
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
3.1 0.2
0.4 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
NS
1983
MAY
nCl/1 + 2s
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.9 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
JUNE
nCl/1 + 2s
0.1
NS
0.2
0.2
0.3
NS
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
NS
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
NS
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
NS NO SAMPLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
Plutonium and Uranium i_n Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are
determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air
filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne
particulate samplers. The number of continuously operating stations
is being increased from the original 22 will eventually number 67
when all equipment is operational.
Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutoniura or
uranium.
Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m3
for each quarterly composite.
Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for January
- March 1983 are shown for the 42 stations operating during this
period in Table 9.
10
-------
TABLE 9
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
JANUARY - MARCH 1983 COMPOSITES
238
Pu
239
Pu
234
U
235
U
238
U
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FLrMIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
NY:YAPHANK
OH .-COLUMBUS
OHrPAINESVILLE
OR:PORTLAND
PA .-HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA.-LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
aCi/m3
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
-0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
1
0
1
.2
.1
.4
.1
.8
.1
.7
.1
.7
.1
.5
.6
.9
.3
.0
.3
.1
.2
.1
.5
.2
.2
.7
.9
.4
.8
.1
.3
.6
.8
.0
.1
.3
.0
.3
.9
.3
.1
.2
.3
.4
.6
.4
.0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
+ 2s aCi/m3+
.6
.6
.0
.5
.5
.2
.6
.2
.6
.5
.3
.5
.1
.4
.5
.3
.8
.6
.3
.4
.6
.8
.2
.8
.5
.8
.6
.4
.5
.5
.8
.6
.5
.7
.5
.7
.6
.5
.4
.5
.7
.5
.3
.2
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
2
2
5,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
3,
0,
0,
0.
0.
0.
1.
3.
1.
0.
1.
0,
0.
1.
1.
.9
.6
.3
.1
.2
.0
.7
.1
.2
.5
.2
.9
.0
.5
.0
.9
.7
.6
.6
.6
.1
.3
.2
.6
.4
.8
.7
.5
,0
.3
.9
.7
,9
,7
,9
,5
,1
,1
,9
,2
,4
,8
,1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.6
.8
.9
.6
.8
.4
.7
.7
.6
.6
.1
.5
.8
.2
.6
.4
.4
.5
.3
.0
.9
.0
.9
.8
.4
.8
.5
.3
.5
.4
.6
.7
.7
.4
.5
.8
.0
.6
.5
.6
.3
.7
.5
.9
aCl/
5.9
4.9
15.6
42.0
16.2
10.9
13.9
6.3
8.5
14.2
41.7
17.3
35.7
8.2
18.5
15.3
19.8
60.3
11.1
13.3
13.6
94.8
44.0
29.8
51.3
30.0
6.5
27.3
27.8
17.6
27.0
57.2
13.3
8.7
22.1
16.4
61.6
24.0
11.7
234.7
5.7
25.7
12.1
49.3
m3+ 2s
1.6
1.8
2.5
5.4
2.8.
1.9
2.7
1.8
1.8
2.5
7.4
3.4
5.8
1.8
3.1
2.6
5.0
8.9
1.9
2.9
3.2
13.0
6.5
5.6
8.1
5.2
1.7
6.6
4.9
3.6
4.2
8.9
1.8
3.7
3.0
3.5
8.3
4.1
2.2
23.9
1.5
5.4
2.3
8.2
aCi/m3+ 2s
0.5 0.4
0.1 0.5
1.3 0.6
1.5 0.7
0.5 0.4
0.8 0.4
0.5 0.5
0.8 0.6
0.8 0.5
0.7 0.5
1.3 1.2
1.0 0.6
1.7 1.0
0.4 0.3
1.0 0.6
0.5 0.4
1.2 1.1
1.6 0.9
1.2 0.5
0.5 0.4
3.1 1.4
5.9 2.2
2.8 1.3
1.4 1.0
2.9 1.3
1.8 1.0
0.6 0.5
1.0 0.9
0.5 0.5
0.9 0.7
0.9 0.6
4.0 1.7
0.5 0.4
0.0 0.0
1.6 0.6
0.3 0.4
10.1 2.3
0.9 0.6
0.5 0.4
7.2 1.4
0.7 0.5
0.4 0.8
0.3 0.4
0.4 0.5
aCi/
4.8
4.9
14.4
45.7
15.8
10.3
8.9
7.0
13.7
11.3
42.6
12.6
30.6
9.5
18.5
13.0
9.7
57.3
9.8
12.1
13.3
47.4
33.9
22.0
45.8
24.0
7.4
28.3
28.3
15.8
27.8
53.2
14.9
7.2
19.0
14.8
45.9
20.1
9.2
10.8
6.9
28.0
11.5
32.8
m3+ 2
1.4
1.8
2.4
5.7
2.7
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.5
2.2
7.4
2.7
5.2
2.0
3.1
2.3
3.3
7.0
1.8
2.7
3.1
7.8
5.4
4.6
7.5
4.5
1.9
6.7
5.0
3.4
4.3
8.5
2.5
3.3
2.7
3.2
6.6
3.6
1.9
1.8
1.6
5.6
2.2
6.2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
11
-------
Krypton-85
Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8
years. It is released into the atmosphere "by nuclear reactor
operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear
detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as
spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium.
Monitoring of krypton~85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.
Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample
collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the
United States with considerations being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic
coverage.
Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are
purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.
The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available.
12
-------
DATA - EPA
ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to
assess the effects of the nuclear power industry, the natural
radiation environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's
rivers, streams and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.
Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly
and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.
Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.
Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for April -
June 1983 are given in Table 10.
13
-------
TABLE 10
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
APRIL - JUNE 1983
LOCATION
AL:DECATUR
ALrDOTHAN
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:CLAY STATION
CA:DIABLO CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
CO:GREELEY
CTrEAST HADDAM
CTrWATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FLrHOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
IL:E. MOLINE
IL:MORRIS
ILrOREGON
IL:ZION
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
MA:ROWE
MD:CONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:BRIDGMAN
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI:MONROE
MI:SOUTH HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MN:RED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NE:RULO
NJ:BAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
NY:OSSINING
NYrOSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
SOURCE
TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHIE RIVER
TENNESSEE RIVER
FOLSOM S. CANAL
PACIFIC OCEAN
HUMBOLDT BAY
PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
ROCK RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
DEERFIELD RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CATAWBA RIVER
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MISSOURI RIVER
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
COLORADO RIVER
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
4/ 4/83
4/ 7/83
5/27/83
4/ 8/83
4/14/83
4/ 7/83
6/ 4/83
4/22/83
5/11/83
5/10/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 5/83
4/13/83
4/ 5/83
4/19/83
5/ 5/83
5/13/83
4/15/83
4/12/83
4/ 8/83
4/ 6/83
6/ 1/83
4/19/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 5/83
4/10/83
4/11/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 7/83
4/20/83
4/21/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 6/83
4/12/83
4/ 6/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 1/83
4/20/83
5/15/83
4/ 6/83
4/ 1/83
5/29/83
4/20/83
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
nCi/1
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.
0.
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
.2
.2
14
-------
LOCATION
SCtALLENDALE
SC:BROAD RIVER
SC:HARTSVILLE
TN: DAISY
TN KINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
TXrMATAGORDA
VTrVERNON
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:VICTORY
WVrWHEELING
TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
APRIL - JUNE 1983
SOURCE
SAVANNAH RIVER
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
COLORADO RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
4/21/83
4/27/83
4/11/83
5/17/83
4/26/83
4/20/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 5/83
5/27/83
4/19/83
4/ 4/83
4/14/83
nCi/1
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.1
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
15
-------
Drinking Water
The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontiura-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.
Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b) gross
alpha, gross beta, strontiura-90 and gamma on annual composites.
Radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1;
and radium-228 analyses are performed if the radium-226 activity
falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is performed on
one quarterly sample per year for each station (d) an annual
composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, for
stations which demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/1.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the
distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radiura-226 by
the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for April
June 1983 are shown in Table 11.
All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
16
-------
TABLE 11
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
APRIL - JUNE 1983
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
COtPLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MIrGRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NErLINCOLN
NH: CONCORD
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
DATE
COLLECTED
4/ 1/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 4/83
5/27/83
4/ 1/83
4/ 1/83
4/22/83
4/22/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 1/83
4/11/83
4/20/83
4/ 1/83
4/ 3/83
5/ 2/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 1/83
4/ 1/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 5/83
4/19/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 4/83
4/20/83
4/ 1/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 8/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 1/83
5/23/83
4/ 1/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 1/83
4/ 1/83
4/11/83
4/ 6/83
5/16/83
4/ 1/83
nCi/1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
17
-------
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
APRIL - JUNE 1983
LOCATION
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
DATE
COLLECTED
4/13/83
A/ 1/83
4/ 1/83
A/ 1/83
4/ 4/83
4/21/83
4/15/83
4/13/83
A/ 6/83
4/ 4/83
4/21/83
A/ 1/83
4/11/83
4/ 8/83
4/19/83
4/29/83
A/ 1/83
A/ 1/83
4/22/83
A/ 1/83
A/ 6/83
4/19/83
A/ 1/83
A/ 5/83
A/- 5/83
nCi/1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
18
-------
R^don-222^ in Drinking Water
Radon-222 in drinking water has previously been considered a
source of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint.
The Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to
evaluate the possibility that a major pathway from inhalation
exposure may exist in addition to the ingestion pathway. As an inert
gas, radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently can
be released during any operation that aerates or agitates water.
Depending upon the initial concentration of radon in water,
significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the
general environment.
To determine the scope of this potential problem, a national
ground water sampling program has been initiated by the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) to obtain data on radon
concentrations in water supplies throughout the country. Sampling
kits have been assembled by EERF and distributed to various state
health departments. The kit is designed so that state personnel can
collect samples from potable water supplies and ship them, without
loss of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis.
The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by two
separate methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from
all groundwater supplies serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in
which the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to
be sampled is left to the discretion of the state programs. Each
state is asked to obtain a representative sampling of ground water
supplies within its boundaries. The extent of the sampling efforts
and how representative the data are for a given state is determined
primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program.
The concentrations of radon in water are determined at the EERF
by liquid scintillation counting. The limit of detection for this
technique using a 50-minute count and a 10-ml sample is 0.16 pCi or
16 pci/1.
The sampling kits are being provided to the various states on a
rotating schedule. This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within
approximately two years.
Summaries of the data for Arizona, Illinois, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont and Wyoming are shown in
Tables 12-19.
All radon concentration and counting error results are computer
generated resulting in numbers that are less accurate than what is
presented (i. e., up to five significant figures are Implied). All
results should be rounded off to no more than three significant
figures when using these results.
19
-------
TABLE 12
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
AZ:APACHE JUNCTION
AZ:ARIZONA CITY
AZ:AVONDALE
AZrBISBEE
AZ:BUCKEYE
AZ:BUCKEYE
AZ:CAREFREE
AZrCASA GRANDE
AZ:CAVE CREEK
AZ:COOLIDGE
AZ:COOLIDGE
AZ:DOUGLAS
AZ:EL MIRAGE
AZ:ELOY
AZ:FLORENCE
AZ:FLORENCE
AZ:FLORENCE
AZ:FOUNTAIN HILLS
AZ:GILA BEND
AZ:GLENDALE
AZ:GLOBE
AZ:GOODYEAR
AZ:HAYDEN
AZ:HUACHUCA
AZ:KEARNEY
AZ:LITCHFIELD PARK
AZ:LITCHFIELD PARK
AZ:MAMMOTH
AZ:MIAMI
AZ:NOGALES
AZ:NOGALES
AZ:ORACLE
AZ:PARADISE VALLEY
AZ:PARKER
AZ:PAYSON
AZ:PHOENIX
AZ:PHOENIX
AZ:PHOENIX
AZ:PICACHO
AZ:PINE
AZ:PINE
AZtPRESCOTT
AZ:SCOTTSDALE
AZ:SIERRA VISTA
AZ:SIERRA VISTA
AZ:SIERRA VISTA
AZ:SIERRA VISTA
4/15/81
5/29/81
6/ 4/81
4/28/81
4/30/81
4/30/81
3/18/81
3/10/81
3/18/81
3/10/81
3/10/81
4/ 7/81
3/17/81
3/19/81
3/18/81
3/18/81
3/18/81
3/18/81
5/22/81
3/17/81
3/13/81
4/30/81
4/ 9/81
4/ 2/81
4/ 9/81
3/18/81
4/30/81
4/ 9/81
3/13/81
4/21/81
4/21/81
4/ 9/81
3/18/81
6/ 2/81
4/28/81
3/17/81
3/17/81
3/17/81
5/ 7/81
4/27/81
4/27/81
4/27/81
3/18/81
3/17/81
4/14/81
4/14/81
7/15/81
10000
1200
6550
12000
1800
3300
1200
14900
1450
6711
1000
17300
7200
7000
3200
1300
2500
3500
1800
80500
8500
2000
1400
2380
3000
3500
1200
1300
11456
13500
1363
3000
11000
6000
7000
880000
1200
20100
2500
1600
4169
3256
53000
6130
1295
1505
4543
135.8
308.6
251.3
487.4
1005.5
372.9
2228.5
544.2
1356.5
249.1
241.9
369.1
128.1
195.2
197.8
236.0
251,1
728.1
279.6
386.8
310.5
203.6
113.7
0.0
310.9
64.2
194.0
580.9
259.5
396.4
253.2
210.8
242.5
463.4
6118.5
311.9
233.9
335.3
137.5
-51.6
226.3
859.9
433.3
608.2
313.3
1153.0
535.9
107.9
77.8
110.1
78.4
140.8
130.3
111.4
54.4
95.0
48.6
49.6
51.5
110.4
61.7
42.3
42.3
43.0
97.3
133.3
107.7
92.7
123.7
90.2
650.2
92.8
91.6
156.9
95.8
90.8
72.8
67.5
90.7
114.4
155.2
123.0
143.3
104.8
105.0
93.0
83.6
88.2
98.7
121.1
48.7
81.4
92.2
80.4
20
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
AZ:SIERRA VISTA
AZ:SOMERTON
AZrSUN CITY
AZrSUN CITY
AZ:SUN CITY
AZ:SUPERIOR
AZrTOLLESON
AZ:TUCSON
AZ:TUCSON
AZ:TUCSON
AZ:TUCSON
AZ:TUSCON
AZcTUSCON
AZcTUSCON
AZ:TUSCON
AZ:TUSCON
AZ:YUMA
7/15/81
5/22/81
3/10/81
3/17/81
3/17/81
3/13/81
4/30/81
4/ 9/81
5/ 7/81
9/28/81
9/28/81
3/ 2/82
3/ 2/82
3/ 2/82
3/ 2/82
3/ 2/82
5/22/81
5425
3500
1200
2400
48000
5000
4000
443680
121140
22750
15000
1700
3200
3245
3200
3100
3500
743.8
265.1
561.1
708.5
310.1
30.9
57.2
201.8
434.3
460.7
416.2
19.7
326.4
246.9
262.1
53.1
68.7
81.9
126.4
56.1
113.1
142.5
89.3
153.2
88.8
101.0
78.3
78.9
60.3
63.6
62.7
72.5
60.5
124.9
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCi/1 )
21
-------
TABLE 13
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCl/1 + 2s
ILcADDISON
IL:ARLINGTON HEIGH
IL:AURORA
IL:AURORA
IL:HARRINGTON
IL:BARTLETT
IL:BATAVIA
IL:BATAVIA
ILiBEARDSTOWN
IL:BELLWOOD
IL:BELVIDERE
ILrBENSENVILLE
ILtBETHALTO
IL:BLOOMINGDALE
IL:BOLINGBROOK
IL:BOLINGBROOK
IL:BUFFALO GROVE
IL:BUSHNELL
IL:CAROL STREAM
IL:CAROL STREAM
IL:CARPENTERSVILLE
IL:CHICAGO HEIGHTS
IL:CHILLICOTHE
IL:CLARENDON HILLS
IL:CLINTON
IL:COAL VALLEY
IL:COLLINSVILLE
IL:COUNTRY CLUB HI
IL:CREST HILL
IL:CREVE-COURE
IL:CRYSTAL LAKE
IL:CUBA
IL:DARIEN
IL:DEKALB
IL:DES PLAINES
IL:DES PLAINES
IL:DIXON
IL:DOWNERS GROVE
IL:E. CHICAGO HEIG
IL:EAST ALTON
IL:EAST PEORIA
IL:EDWARDSVILLE
IL:ELGIN
IL:ELK GROVE
IL:ELMHURST
IL:FLOSSMOOR
IL:FOX LAKE
9/17/82
8/25/82
1/22/81
7/20/82
8/ 6/82
8/26/82
1/21/81
7/26/82
7/14/82
8/24/82
8/ 5/82
9/17/82
7/20/82
9/17/82
7/27/82
7/27/82
8/27/82
1/19/81
1/22/81
9/ 7/82
8/ 2/82
9/ 1/82
6/17/82
8/ 4/82
8/10/82
1/20/81
7/20/82
8/18/82
11 2/82
8/18/82
7/29/82
1/19/81
7/27/82
8/ 5/82
8/26/82
8/26/82
8/ 3/82
7/27/82
9/ 1/82
7/20/82
8/18/82
7/20/82
8/ 2/82
8/27/82
9/ 3/82
8/27/82
8/20/82
29759
65000
75000
82000
9029
13254
10000
12800
6500
23000
15000
16124
16103
13000
15000
28000
22684
3500
> 10000
15500
23000
37026
6500
6857
7400
3500
19567
14676
8000
6851
18590
3500
12000
35500
6237
54000
15650
42500
5347
8750
23500
15400
67000
28907
44251
8300
6300
150.4
438.1
123.9
265.1
-2.0
167.1
47.0
209.6
138.8
112.6
160.8
92.9
47.2
210.3
486.1
373.7
45.9
180.0
-47.5
241.7
7.9
338.6
315.3
148.7
45.9
130.5
55.8
296.0
268.6
550.8
97.4
302.8
324.9
127.4
91.1
81.1
144.8
647.2
256.6
30.9
439.9
2.9
76.1
72.3
189.4
218.3
18.1
96.0
112.2
75.6
76.8
80.5
93.8
88.4
74.3
56.9
56.5
101.8
96.3
59.8
96.5
147.3
67.1
68.3
57.6
73.1
72.4
40.3
62.2
86.0
124.9
58.0
47.0
115.1
104.5
94.9
104.7
101.6
57.5
142.3
98.8
85.6
85.9
73.1
145.0
61.5
61.0
101.0
58.3
56.8
69.5
95.2
78.6
64.4
22
-------
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
IL:FREEPORT
ILrGALESBURG
IL:GENESEO
IL:GENEVA
IL:GLEN ELLYN
IL:GLEN ELLYN
IL:GLENDALE HEIGHT
IL:GLENVIEW
IL:GLENWOOD
ILrGRAYSLAKE
ILrGURNEE
IL:HANOVER PARK
IL:HARVARD
ILrHINSDALE
IL:HOFFMAN ESTATES
IL:HOMEWOOD
IL:HOOPESTON
IL:ITASCA
IL:JERSEYVILLE
IL:JOLIET
IL:JONESBORO
IL:KEWANEE
IL:LA GRANGE
IL:LA GRANGE HIGHL
IL:LA SALLE
IL:LAKE COUNTRY
IL:LAKE IN THE HIL
IL:LAKE ZURICH
IL:LAWRENCEVILLE
IL:LEMONT
IL:LEMONT
IL:LIBERTYVILLE
IL:LINCOLN
IL:LISLE
IL:LISLE
IL:LOCKPORT
IL:LOMBARD
IL:LOVES PARK
IL:MATTESON
IL:MCHENRY
IL:MENDOTA
IL:METROPOLIS
IL:MILAN
IL:MINONK
IL:MOMENCE
IL:MONMOTH
IL:MONTGOMERY
8/ 4/82
8/25/82
8/23/82
7/26/82
7/30/82
9/20/82
9/ 7/82
8/25/82
8/31/82
8/ 7/82
8/ 9/82
8/26/82
7/26/82
8/16/82
8/27/82
9/ 1/82
7/27/82
9/ 7/82
7/14/82
6/30/82
8/ 5/82
8/23/82
8/12/82
8/12/82
8/26/82
8/ 7/82
7/29/82
8/ 9/82
8/10/82
1/22/81
7/ 2/82
8/ 9/82
7/14/82
8/ 4/82
8/ 5/82
7/ 2/82
9/20/82
8/ 9/82
8/18/82
7/29/82
8/26/82
8/ 5/82
8/25/82
1/21/81
8/ 9/82
8/25/82
7/20/82
30000
35300
6450
9880
8650
23649
24000
32000
10437
5260
6300
28719
5126
18000
37000
19724
6500
7129
8627
78000
10000
14500
17100
4700
10800
2027
5651
8225
9200
5500
5600
16520
19000
9000
9500
10000
37295
13000
10282
10908
7100
7000
6300
2500
3300
12100
13800
59.2
183.8
237.7
68.7
261.9
111.8
83.0
58.6
352.2
95.8
98.0
196.8
21.9
34.1
278.6
86.7
57.6
92.7
70.1
129.8
66.2
340,2
54.5
55.8
599.0
995.0
185.0
66.8
7.4
88.3
230.8
62.8
118.0
543.5
160.6
219.3
90.8
96.4
360.1
156.4
55.0
549.7
101.0
71.0
598.1
85.8
98.7
58.2
63.1
59.4
69.7
86.1
55.9
69.1
111.0
73.9
70.6
59.3
92.1
62.7
56.0
75.1
57.6
57.1
68.6
55.7
57.1
97.5
74.1
78.5
77.7
98.8
84.4
101.5
56.6
58.9
74.2
92.1
69.9
54.9
130.2
121.9
93.5
56.8
134.5
104.5
100.2
80.2
109.5
62.5
87.4
68.7
62.2
120.5
23
-------
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
IL:MORRIS
IL:MORTON
IL:MOUNT PROSPECT
IL:MT. PROSPECT
IL:MUNDELEIN
IL:N. AURORA
IL:NAPERVILLE
IL:NEW LENOX
IL:NORMAL
IL:NORTH PARK
IL:NORTH TAZWELL
IL:OAK BROOK
IL:ORLAND PARK
IL:OTTOWA
IL:PALATINE
IL:PALATINE
IL:PARK FOREST
IL:PARK FOREST SO.
IL:PAXTON
IL:PEKIN
IL:PEORIA HEIGHTS
IL:PERU
IL:PLANO
IL:PRINCETON
IL:RANTOUL
IL:RICHTON PARK
IL:RIVERSIDE
IL:ROCHELLE
IL:ROCK FALLS
IL:ROCKFORD
IL:ROLLING MEADOWS
IL:ROMEOVILLE
IL:ROSELLE
IL:ROUND LAKE BEAC
IL:S. ELGIN
IL:SANDWICH
IL:SAUK VILLAGE
IL:SCHAUMBURG
IL:SILVIS
IL:SO. CHICAGO HEI
IL:SPRING VALLEY
IL:ST. CHARLES
IL:STEGER
IL:STERLING
IL:STREAMWOOD
IL:SYCAMORE
IL:THORNTON
6/30/82
6/21/82
8/25/82
8/26/82
8/ 9/82
7/26/82
7/30/82
11 2/82
8/10/82
8/10/82
8/30/82
9/ 3/82
8/16/82
8/27/82
8/25/82
8/25/82
8/18/82
8/ 9/82
7/27/82
11 1/82
6/18/82
8/26/82
7/20/82
8/26/82
7/27/82
8/18/82
8/12/82
8/ 5/82
8/ 3/82
8/ 9/82
8/25/82
11 2/82
9/ 7/82
8/20/82
8/ 2/82
8/ 5/82
8/31/82
8/27/82
8/23/82
8/27/82
6/22/82
8/ 6/82
8/27/82
8/ 3/82
8/27/82
8/ 5/82
1/22/81
8835
14000
20000
39100
17573
5300
47600
6265
34800
18500
10000
14300
23045
19500
32166
7600
26222
6300
4500
34000
8500
13000
5000
7300
13500
9403
9236
9100
60640
150000
20167
15500
16948
13600
6218
5600
10906
52000
8300
3775
5800
17500
10000
19500
23400
9000
3700
22.9
73.9
107.8
149.4
188.7
69.2
337.5
225.0
25.4
171.6
10.2
138.8
207.4
108.0
366.3
105.6
97.3
226.1
137.2
348.0
302.7
111.1
381.9
16.3
40.4
273.4
226.0
29.4
63.5
81.2
152.1
60.5
64.5
235.2
178.4
95.2
334.3
261.0
99.3
15.5
181.8
288.4
188.9
150.6
155.1
-14.4
176.6
56.6
57.3
104.7
88.4
73.0
71.9
87.7
105.8
56.5
60.1
54.2
100.4
57.4
69.8
111.7
106.9
97.6
84.1
59.2
115.2
70.8
82.8
129.8
81.1
57.8
101.1
84.0
94.4
69.1
69.1
111.8
89.9
68.0
69.2
57.6
96.9
74.5
338.6
56.5
73.4
59.1
125.2
75.9
70.5
82.1
95.6
74.2
24
-------
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
IL:TROY
IL:URBANA
IL:VILLA PARK
IL:W. CHICAGO
IL:WASHINGTON
IL:WATSEKA
ILrWAUCONDA
IL:WESTERN SPRINGS
IL:WESTMONT
IL:WHEATON
IL:WHEELING
IL:WINFIELD
IL:WINTHROP HARBOR
IL:WOOD DALE
IL:WOOD RIVER
IL:WOODRIDGE
IL:WOODSTOCK
7/21/82
7/27/82
9/20/82
9/21/82
6/17/82
8/25/82
8/ 6/82
8/12/82
8/ 4/82
9/20/82
8/25/82
9/21/82
8/ 9/82
9/17/82
7/20/82
7/27/82
7/26/82
6650
135000
23185
12550
9500
5543
5688
12876
16700
44075
23266
4600
5428
11251
16275
2300
11725
25.1
39.1
174.2
183.2
105.4
243.9
220.4
119.2
-88.7
170.1
174.0
40.5
118.7
142.4
138.1
491.4
21.8
62.7
57.9
59.1
58.8
80.6
63.4
85.9
81.5
121.8
56.1
107.2
55.9
59.9
97.0
62.6
148.0
62.2
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCl/1 )
25
-------
TABLE 14
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
RI:BRIARCLIFFE
RI:BRIARCLIFFE
RI:BRIARCLIFFE
RI:BRIARCLIFFE
RI:BRIARCLIFFE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI:BURRILLVILLE
RI: BURRILLVILLE
RI:CHARLESTOWN
RI:CHARLESTOWN
RI:CHARLESTOWN
RI:CHARLESTOWN
RI:CHARLESTOWN
RI:CHARLESTOWN
RI:CHARLESTOWN
RI:CHEPACHET
RI:CHEPACHET
RI: CHEPACHET
RI:CHEPACHET
RI:COVENTRY
RI:COVENTRY
RI:CUMBERLAND
RI:CUMBERLAND
RI:GLENDALE
RI:GLENDALE
RI:GLENDALE
RI:GLOUCESTER
RI: GLOUCESTER
RI:GLOUCESTER
RI GLOUCESTER,
RI GLOUCESTER,
RI:GLOUCESTER
RI GLOUCESTER
RI:GLOUCESTER
RI:GLOUCESTER
RI:HARRISVILLE
RI:HARRISVILLE
5/14/82
5/14/82
5/14/82
5/14/82
5/14/82
! 4/21/81
5 4/21/81
! 7/15/81
I 4/21/81
! 4/21/81
! 4/21/81
5 4/21/81
! 4/21/81
I 4/21/81
8/14/81
8/14/81
8/14/81
8/14/81
8/20/81
8/20/81
8/20/81
5/ 1/81
5/ 1/81
4/16/81
5/ 1/81
12/17/80
8/26/81
9/ 1/81
9/ 1/81
4/16/81
4/16/81
7/15/81
4/16/81
5/ 1/81
5/ 1/81
WES 5/ 1/81
WES 5/ 1/81
8/26/81
8/26/81
8/26/81
8/26/81
1/14/81
1/14/81
>UTH1 1/25/80
IUTH11/25/80
IUTH 4/30/81
>UTH 8/20/81
550*
550
550
550
550
< 100
550
550
550
550
550
< 100
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
70000
< 100
550
550
550
< 100
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
3000
3000
3200
3200
550
550
206200.0
248850.0
185550.0
233200.0
265600.0
809.5
418.2
1267.0
2430.0
4351.0
5186.0
2050.0
6151.5
3076.5
2040.5
3536.0
2098.0
2129.0
15510.0
8019.0
3742.0
1180.5
690.2
2765.5
1184.0
1719.0
1826.5
1496.5
1514.5
13400.0
1120.5
5108.0
692.7
1020.0
873.8
377.4
1602.0
2074.0
420.9
1658.0
898.9
747.3
809.3
2255.0
3038.5
587.0
2516.0
0.0 **
0.0 **
0.0 **
0.0 **
0.0 **
97.1
93.5
139.4
121.5
130.5
155.6
111.6
123.0
123.1
102.1
106.1
104.9
106.5
155.1
160.4
149.7
130.0
123.9
138.4
135.9
103,4
127.9
92.6
90.9
134.0
106.4
204.3
103.9
142.8
125.6
118.6
135.8
134.1
106.4
124.1
116.1
74.8
76.7
90.2
91.2
117.2
125.8
26
-------
LOCATION
TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn~222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
RI:KINGSTON, SOUTH 8/20/81
RI:KINGSTON, SOUTH 1/15/81
RlrKINGSTON, SOUTH 3/17/81
RI .-KINGSTON, SOUTH 8/20/81
RI KINGSTON, SOUTH 4/30/81
RlrKINGSTON, SOUTH 8/20/81
RlrLINCOLN 2/25/81
RI:LINCOLN 2/25/81
RI:LINCOLN 2/25/81
RI-.LINCOLN 2/25/81
RI:LINCOLN 2/25/81
RI:NO. SMITHFIELD 9/ 4/81
RI.-NO. SMITHFIELD 9/ 4/81
RI:NO. SMITHFIELD 9/ 4/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN I/15/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI-.NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI .-NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI .-NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI-.NORTH KINGSTOWN 1/27/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN 5/20/81
RI:NORTH KINGSTOWN 5/20/81
RI:PASCOAG 1/14/81
RI:PASCOAG 1/14/81
RI:SMITHFIELD 7/15/81
RI.-TIVERTON 5/19/81
RI-.TIVERTON 5/19/81
RI:TIVERTON 5/19/81
RI:W. KINGSTON 4/30/81
RlrWAKEFIELD 11/25/80
RI:WARWICK 1/12/81
RlrWARWICK 1/12/81
RI:WARWICK 1/27/81
RI:WARWICK 1/27/81
RI:WEST GREENWICH 12/17/80
RI:WEST GREENWICH 12/17/80
RI.-WEST GREENWICH 12/17/80
RlrWESTERLY 12/18/80
RI:WESTERLY 12/18/80
RI:WESTERLY 12/18/80
RI:WESTERLY 12/18/80
550
2100
500
550
550
550
13500
13500
13500
13500
13500
550
550
550
1500
22000
22000
22000
22000
22000
22000
22000
22000
22000
550
550
5200
5200
550
100
550
550
550
28000
6000
6000
70000
70000
70000
70000
70000
20000
20000
20000
20000
7788.0
1113.5
2757.0
32590.0
16745.0
2524.5
312.8
845.4
924.6
415.4
830.9
360.6
3533.5
23145.0
118.9
1294.5
1656.0
1455.0
1656.0
1455.0
1656.0
1455.0
1905.5
2394.5
10315.0
2585.0
1175.0
565.7
119.5
3098.0
22045.0
17985.0
2101.0
1948.5
2605.0
3132.0
2205.5
2034.0
930.4
1093.0
955.8
958.5
843.9
1195.0
1161.5
155.8
72.0
55.2
325.9
167.5
126.4
89.1
97.0
96.8
89.3
95.4
77.2
176.7
231.7
62.0
64.7
66.2
58.2
66.2
58.2
66.2
58.2
57.2
71.9
206.3
181.1
82.4
79.2
118.9
217.5
440.9
359.7
147.1
97.5
117.2
125.8
66.2
70.6
97.7
98.4
94.6
85.6
83.6
83.7
87.0
* 550 REPRESENTS 100-1000 PEOPLE SERVED
** 0.0 REPRESENTS LESS THAN + 0.005% COUNTING ERROR
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCi/1 ) 27
-------
TABLE 15
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
SCtAIKEN
SCtAIKEN
SC:ALLENDALE
SC:ANDREWS
SC:BAMBERG
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BATH
SCrBATH
SC:BEACH ISLAND
SC:BELVEDERE
SC:BENNETTSVILLE
SC:BISHOPVILLE
SC:BLACKVILLE
SC:BLENHEIM
SC:BOWMAN
SC:BRANCHVILLE
SC:BREEZY HILL
SC:BUFFALO
SC:BULLS BAY
SC:BURNETTOWN
SC:CASSATT
SC:CHERAW
SC:CLIFTON
SC:CLOVER
SC:CLOVER
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:CONWAY
SC:DARLINGTON
SC:DENMARK
SC:DILLON
SC:ELLOREE
SC:ESTILL
SC:FAIRFAX
SC:FLORENCE
SC:FORT MILL
SC:GARDEN CITY
SCrGASTON
SC:GEORGETOWN
SC:GILBERT
SC:GLOVERVILLE
SC:GOOSE CREEK
SC:GRAY COURT
SC:HAMPTON
SC:HARDEEVILLE
SC:HARTSVILLE
7/27/81
7/27/81
7/28/81
8/ 3/81
7/14/81
7/19/82
7/27/81
7/27/81
7/27/81
7/27/81
5/24/82
4/27/82
7/19/82
5/24/82
7/14/81
7/14/81
7/27/81
7/20/82
7/29/81
7/27/81
8/10/81
5/24/82
7/20/82
4/20/82
4/20/82
11 8/81
7/ 8/81
11 8/81
8/ 4/81
8/10/81
7/14/81
5/31/82
7/14/81
7/28/81
7/28/81
4/27/82
4/20/82
8/ 3/81
7/13/81
8/ 3/81
7/ 8/81
7/27/81
7/29/81
7/20/82
7/28/81
7/25/81
8/10/81
2000
1250
5134
3800
4900
6500
1560
1239
4500
6800
11900
4000
2975
1383
2056
1330
7000
1260
3150
1200
1558
4725
1365
5075
2030
1228
1412
1435
11000
10150
4550
3500
2000
3010
1973
44000
2600
2650
2000
5500
1850
1440
4648
1250
4300
2222
11000
216.3
454.0
227.3
98.2
-15.5
339.0
131.0
150.3
196.3
58.6
298.1
381.8
341.1
455.5
32.8
34.8
191.4
5653.0
51.0
79.5
203.9
52.2
75.5
4092.0
45.8
722.9
943.8
-126.5
118.1
126.6
210.7
152.2
105.1
37.2
73.9
-21.3
3618.0-
85.6
262.8
155.7
989.8
18.6
-5.2
16135.0
154.7
-24.2
252.1
82.1
86.3
74.6
77.3
81.9
81.4
81.2
81.6
82.8
79.6
60.9
63.0
80.1
63.8
82.5
83.0
114.0
113.2
110.4
80.1
78.2
56.4
64.5
81.8
57.4
68.5
75.5
56.7
71.2
76.7
86.3
58.1
83.5
84.8
86.2
54.7
108.5
76.3
61.7
77.7
73.9-
56.1
76.4
161.4
86.8
143.8
78.2
28
-------
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
SC:HEMINGWAY
SC:HILTON HEAD
SCrHOLLY HILL
SC:HOWLANDVILLE
SC:INMAN
SC:ISLE OF PALMS
SC:JACKSON
SC:JOHNSONVILLE
SC:KINGSTREE
SCrLAKE CITY
SC:LAKE VIEW
SC:LAMAR
SCtLANGLEY
SC:LATTA
SCrLAURENS
SCtLEESVILLE
SCiLITTLE MOUNTAIN
SCtLORIS
SC:MANNING
SC:MARION
SC:MARION
SC:MCBEE
SCiMCCALL
SC:MONCKS CORNER
SC:MT. PLEASANT
SC:MULLINS
SC:MURRELL'S INLET
SC:MYRTLE BEACH
SC:MYRTLE BEACH
SC:NEW ELLENTON
SC:NORTH
SC:OUTLAND
SC:PACOLET MILLS
SC:PAMLICO
SCrPAWLEY'S ISLAND
SC:PINOPOLIS
SC PROSPERITY
SC:RIDGELAND
SC:SANGAREE
SCrSEABROOK
SC:SHAW AFB
SCrSPARTANBURG
SC:SPRINGFIELD
SC:ST. GEORGE
SC:ST. MATTHEWS
SC:ST. STEPHEN
SC:SULLIVAN'S ISLA
8/ 4/81
7/28/81
7/14/81
7/27/81
7/20/82
7/29/81
7/27/81
8/ 4/81
8/ 3/81
8/ 4/81
8/ 4/81
8/10/81
7/27/81
5/31/82
7/20/82
11 8/81
7/13/81
8/ 4/81
7/20/81
8/ 4/81
8/ 4/81
8/10/81
5/24/82
7/29/81
7/29/81
8/ 4/81
8/ 3/81
8/ 3/81
8/ 4/81
7/27/81
7/14/81
8/ 3/81
7/20/82
8/ 4/81
8/ 3/81
7/29/81
7/13/81
7/28/81
7/29/81
7/28/81
7/20/81
7/20/82
7/19/82
7/14/81
7/14/81
8/ 3/81
7/29/81
1400
2922
1600
1232
1068
5250
3152
3500
6300
8750
1230
1575
1330
2450
2636
3400
1420
2540
5282
2625
10000
1190
3115
3500
11900
9450
1200
20000
6000
4000
1918
1050
2268
1680
3800
1200
1035
2013
3381
8724
6975
3000
1120
2835
4200
1900
2660
30.8
-17.0
131.5
73.6
45.2
88.9
394.5
42.2
190.8
138.2
82.5
536.9
73.2
274.7
39.4
236.4
303.8
74.6
150.4
1244.0
221.2
240.3
387.5
132.1
32.5
67.4
133.6
102.9
72.1
154.6
331.8
117.0
45.3
89.9
152.9
83.7
3882.5
-35.6
17.0
137.1
95.1
96.2
314.8
258.2
500.0
54.3
-13.0
69.7
83.3
85.2
79.9
63.6
111.2
85.3
69.5
78.6
76.5
70.0
83.1
80.8
60.3
63.2
64.3
62.4
70.1
62.4
87.1
73.0
78.2
62.0
111.6
109.1
70.4
77.9
76.7
75.1
82.5
87.6
77.4
63.6
101.1
77.5
110.9
116.5
81.7
109.6
91.8
61.3
64.0
79.4
86.5
89.7
77.0
108.5
29
-------
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCl/1 + 2s
SClSUMMERTON 7/20/81 2100
SCtSUMTER 7/20/81 2325
SC:SUMTER 7/20/81 40859
SCtSURFSIDE BEACH 8/ 3/81 5500
SC:SWANSEA 7/13/81 1364
SCrTALATHA 7/27/81 1300
SC:TIMMONSVILLE 4/27/82 2615
SC:VARNVILLE 7/28/81 1760
SC:WAGENER 7/27/81 1400
SC:WATERBORO 7/28/81 12000
SCsWILLISTON 7/27/81 3800
SC:WINDJAMMER MHP 8/ 3/81 1386
194.5
65.9
85.1
33.8
303.9
373.4
122.
222.
225,
298.8
345.1
239.4
.5
.7
.7
.3
,1
62.8
60.2
61.0
75.9
62,
85,
57.6
89.0
80.9
88.0
86.1
80.2
s - SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCi/1 )
30
-------
TABLE 16
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCl/1 + 2s
TN:ALAMO
TNrBARTLETT
TN:BARTLETT
TN:BOLIVAR
TN:BROWNSVILLE
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:COVINGTON
TN:COVINGTON
TN:DECHERD
TN:DRESDEN
TN:DYERSBURG
TN:DYERSBURG
TN:EAGLEVILLE
TN:ELIZABETH
TN:ELIZABETHTON
TN:ERWIN
TN:HALLS
TN:HENDERSON
TN:HIXSON
TN:HOENWALD
TN:HUMBOLDT
TN:HUNTINGDON
TN:JACKSON
TN:JACKSON
TN:JEFFERSON CITY
TN:LAFAYETTE
TN:MARTIN
TN:MCKINZIE
TN:MEMPHIS
TN:MILAN
TN:MILLINGTON
TN:MILLINGTON
TN:MOUNTAIN CITY
TN:NEW TAZWELL
TN:NEWBURN
TN:OLIVER SPRINGS
TN:PARIS
TN:PIKEVILLE
TN:RIPLEY
TN:RIPLEY
TN:SAVANNAH
TN:SEMLER
TN:SIGNAL MTN.
TN:SO. FULTON
TN:SOMERVILLE
TN:TAFT
TN:TRACY CITY
TN:TRENTON
TN:UNION CITY
TN:WOODBURY
7/28/82
7/27/82
7/27/82
7/26/82
7/27/82
8/ 5/82
7/27/82
7/27/82
8/ 5/82
7/28/82
7/28/82
7/28/82
9/14/82
8/24/82
8/24/82
8/24/82
7/27/82
7/26/82
8/ 6/82
9/16/82
7/28/82
7/28/82
7/26/82
7/27/82
8/25/82
9/15/82
7/28/82
7/28/82
7/27/82
7/28/82
7/27/82
7/27/82
8/24/82
8/25/82
7/28/82
8/25/82
7/28/82
9/15/82
7/27/82
7/27/82
7/26/82
7/26/82
8/ 5/82
7/28/82
7/26/82
9/14/82
10/12/82
7/28/82
7/28/82
9/15/82
3000
2800
3300
8000
10000
7643
4631
8000
1045
3000
1430
15143
500
8800
3835
3500
3900
5000
14000
4000
10000
4000
50000
50000
10000
2500
9585
2000
655320
10270
9500
15000
5492
7500
6183
5295
4200
800
2500
7500
4000
8503
1510
2500
4070
2400
3538
5000
6000
1500
83.3
-4.5
-58.3
40.9
-5.1
211.0
9.4
-10.2
587.8
27.3
-33.7
3.1
165.3
210.6
980.8
208.1
-4.2
-1,7
23.8
694.1
85.0
32.5
11.0
24.8
33.3
164.1
62.5
62.1
-37.0
46.4
3.4
-33.4
276.3
-5.6
65.2
277.4
9.1
166.8
3.4
-17.8
185.4
119.8
241.2
28.6
46.3
148.6
-56.4
33.7
-10.4
297.5
112.2
39.4
65.9
69.9
67.2
104.2
67.6
47.2
116.8
102.1
59.7
60.9
142.9
71.1
83.3
70.7
66.6
65.6
89.4
111.1
102.5
102.3
65.8
55.5
108.4
117.7
103.2
102.4
67.0
101.9
67.9
66.9
68.1
108.0
103.2
111.3
101.8
120.1
66.9
66.6
68.5
67.7
108.0
102.2
66.4
140.4
166.8
101.9
101.3
122.0
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCi/1 ) 31
-------
TABLE 17
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
VA:ALEXANDRIA
VA:ALTAVISTA
VA:ALTAVISTA
VA:APPOMATTOX
VAtAVONDALE
VA:BOWLING GREEN
VArBOYKINS
VA:BOYKINS
VA:BOYKINS
VA:BRACEY
VA:3RANCHVILLE
VA:BUCHANAN
VA:BUENA VISTA
VA:BURKEVILLE
VArCAPE CHARLES
VA:CHASE CITY
VA: CHESAPEAKE
VA:CHESAPEAKE
VA:CHILHOWIE
VA:CHINCOTEAGUE
VA:COLLINSVILLE
VA:COLONIAL BEACH
VAiCOURTLAND
VA:DAHLGREN
VA:DAHLGREN
VA:DANTE
VA:ELKTON
VA:FAIRLAWN
VA:FERRUM
VA.-FORK UNION
VA:FRANKLIN
VA:GLASGOW
VA:GLOUCESTER
VA:GLOUCESTER
VA:GROTTOES
VA:GRUNDY
VA:HONAKER
VA:HOT SPRINGS
VA:INDEPENDENCE
VA:IRVINGTON
VA:JONESVILLE
VA:KILMARNOCK
VA:LA CROSSE
VA:LANEXA
VA:LAUREL PARK
VA: LEBANON
VA:LEESBURG
VA:LOUISA
VA:LOUISA
6/23/81
4/27/81
3/31/81
3/31/81
5/13/82
7/15/81
5/20/82
6/30/82
6/30/82
4/ 8/81
5/20/82
6/24/82
5/ 7/81
4/14/81
8/12/82
4/14/81
6/15/82
8/11/82
6/17/81
8/12/82
4/17/81
7/28/82
4/14/82
5/14/81
5/14/81
6/12/81
5/ 4/81
8/ 3/82
4/21/81
4/ 9/81
11/23/81
5/ 7/81
7/22/82
7/22/82
5/ 4/81
6/12/81
6/12/81
5/ 6/81
6/23/81
5/18/82
6/29/81
7/22/82
4/ 8/81
6/15/81
4/17/81
6/12/81
5/15/81
6/ 5/81
5/22/81
1200
1000
1200
2500
1300
1000
800
1000
790
300
1000
1700
7000
800
1550
3400
2000
2240
3600
4000
7008
2500
1500
1000
3394
3600
1600
1600
1700
1000
9600
1350
1500
800
1400
1800
2500
2200
1000
1110
1190
1100
900
1194
1270
4000
11000
932
1100
303.3
2475.5
2012.5
1956.5
306.8
216.9
113.7
154.4
226.6
1255.0
187.8
148.3
474.0
7890.5
248.8
680.6
279.6
214.9
331.0
239.8
655.5
226.1
111.9
424.6
207.4
152.3
188.4
21.4
293.6
4743.5
184.9
109.9
255.8
207.0
120.7
-13.8
480.5
10.9
342.8
152.3
114.8
236.4
650.2
276.2
2098.5
537.7
247.7
9195.0
4543.0
64.8
99.0
100.7
97.8
89.0
77.0
85.9
60.2
61.8
181.8
83.1
86.4
101.8
236.7
88.5
135.8
61.4
59.0
66.2
86.2
144.2
64.1
97.0
101.7
97.3
78.5
170.9
67.1
88.1
142.3
64.2
97.2
90.2
89.5
165.4
75.1
86.5
114.7
65.1
71.5
72.5
90.3
165.7
66.2
168.0
86.0
81.0
183.9
136.7
32
-------
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION'
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
VA.-LURAY
VArMARION
VA:MARTINSVILLE
VAtMAYFIELD FARMS
VArMCCLURE
VArMCCLURE
VA.-MCKENNEY
VA:KECHANICSVILLE
VA:MINERAL
VA:NEW CASTLE
VA:ONANCOCK
VArPARKSLEY
VA.-PEARISBURG
VA:PEMBROKE
VA: PETERSBURG
VA:POTOMAC SHORES
VA:PURCELLVILLE
VA:RAINBOW FOREST
VA:RICH CREEK
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RIDGEWAY
VA:ROUND HILL
VA:RURAL RETREAT
VA: SALEM
VArSALEM
VArSALEM
VA:SALEM
VA:SALEM
VA: SALEM
VA:SALEM
VA:SALEM
VArSALTVILLE
VA.'SMITHFIELD
VA:SPRING MEADOWS
VA:STANLEY
VA:STANLEYTOWN
VA:SUFFOLK
VA:SUGAR GROVE
VA:SURRY
VA:TAPPAHANNOCK
VA:VERONA
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
VA:WAKEFIELD
VA .'WARSAW
3/25/81
6/17/81
4/17/81
5/13/82
6/12/81
6/12/81
6/30/82
6/22/82
6/ 5/81
4/22/81
8/12/82
8/12/82
5/20/81
5/20/81
6/30/82
7/28/82
5/27/82
4/22/81
5/20/81
12/ 3/81
5/13/82
6/22/82
4/17/81
6/ 9/82
6/23/81
11 8/82
11 1/82
7/ 1/82
7/ 1/82
7/ 1/82
If 1/82
11 1/82
7/ 1/82
6/17/81
11/23/81
5/13/82
3/25/81
4/17/81
11/23/81
6/23/81
6/15/81
7/28/82
5/ 4/81
8/11/82
6/15/82
6/30/82
7/28/82
4000
2500
1450
1550
1800
1500
1312
3200
2800
1100
1700
1000
3500
500
1022
1364
1600
1450
1500
2300
1150
6000
227
1100
1500
2280
4200
6000
1452
5850
2476
2480
2224
3350
3600
2450
1208
1850
1100
1000
525
1800
3500
1860
2000
1100
1500
14.0
222.9
705.1
184.9
-4.6
6.3
4712.5
238.3
928.5
87.2
341.0
206.5
31.7
269.6
313.4
145.8
43.7
234.4
130.7
182.8
777.6
523.8
4975.0
9.2
213,8
-1.0
964.0
650.2
547.9
75.4
-52,5
67.5
316.2
316.1
168,8
190.9
138.0
732.2
193.2
52.6
-1.7
145.3
-57.7
379.7
368.1
214.6
235.5
51.9
63.5
150.9
85.5
74.5
74.3
188.8
76.2
102.1
69.8
88.8
87.7
60.2
64.6
63.9
58.1
177.0
70.0
62.0
94.5
93.3
67.5
199.0
60.5
63.1
81.8
120.4
116.6
115.1
105.5
102.0
104.6
111.3
66.4
66.4
85.7
38.6
150.2
64.1
59.7
71.7
63.9
157.2
62.6
76.4
62.3
65.1
33
-------
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
LOCATION COLLECTION POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
DATE SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
VArWAVERLY 6/30/82 2500 172.5 62.7
VA:WAYNESBORO 5/ 6/81 19000 92.4 113.9
VA:WEST POINT 7/22/82 2726 230.7 90.7
VA:WINDSOR 11/23/81 1600 203.A 65.0
VA:WINTERGREEN 4/ 9/81 1000 146.6 94.0
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCi/1 )
34
-------
LOCATION
TABLE 18
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
VT:ARLINGTON
VT:BETHEL
VT.-CASTLETON
VT:HARDWICK
VTrLUDLOW
VT:LYNDONVILLE
VT:MORRISVILLE
VTrPITTSFORD
VTtQUECHEE
VT:RANDOLPH
VT:WINDSOR
6/1L/82
4/ 6/82
10/19/82
9/ 1/81
6/22/82
3/15/82
9/ 1/81
6/25/82
4/19/82
3/31/82
4/ 8/82
1200
1030
1900
1500
1250
3200
4100
1380
2000
2500
3700
396.0
841.3
650.0
388.6
773.6
1317.0
628.0
227.1
621.5
329.6
624.0
75.2
84.1
68.1
79.6
69.6
79.0
81.7
76.1
86.5
98.9
93.6
s - SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCi/1 )
35
-------
LOCATION
TABLE 19
RADON IN GROUND WATER SUPPLIES
COLLECTION
DATE
POPULATION Rn-222 CONCENTRATION
SERVED
pCi/1 + 2s
WY:CASPER
WY:DUBOIS
WY:GILLETTE
WY:GLENROCK
WY:JACKSON
WY:JEFFREY CITY
WYtLUSK
WY:LYMAN
WY:MILLS
WY:MILLS
WY:MOORCROFT
WY:NEWCASTLE
WY:POWELL
WY:RIVERTON
WY:S. SUPERIOR
WY:SHOSHONI
WY:SUNDANCE
WYrUPTON
7/30/82
8/24/82
7/13/82
8/ 5/82
8/ 8/82
9/15/82
7/ 8/82
6/18/82
7/30/82
7/30/82
7/14/82
11 7/82
9/ 2/82
8/25/82
9/25/81
8/24/82
7/14/82
11 7/82
3000
850
16603
2700
5000
500
1600
2284
3000
2500
1500
4500
5300
9288
700
879
1250
1100
131.6
306.0
54.1
307.9
556.4
93.8
379.5
1428.0
612.6
600.5
592.0
114.2
278.9
938.9
1729.5
1294.0
288.0
155.6
78.9
74.6
55.7
107.3
89.0
56.3
90.5
85.7
85.4
83.6
65.1
98.2
114.1
70.3
146.5
70.9
61.1
59.1
s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ( pCi/1 )
36
-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October
1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United States. Data from this program will be used to evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be
indicative of national trends.
The jj program utilizes CaF2:Mn thertnoluminescent
dosimeters (TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group
of four TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field.
The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several dosimeters are annealed by the station
operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.
Results from the period April - June 1983 are shown In Table 20.
37
-------
TABLE 20
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
MR
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL: MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CO :DENVER
CO:DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
FL: ORLANDO
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
IL: CHICAGO
IL: CHICAGO
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:TRENTON
MM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
OR:PORTLAND
OR .-PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
PA PITTSBURGH
PA:PITTSBURGH
40183- 50283
50283- 60283
60283- 70583
40183- 50483
50483- 60283
60283- 70583
33183- 51683
51683- 60283
60283- 70583
40183- 50283
50283- 53183
53183- 70683
50983- 71283
40583- 51083
51083- 60883
60883- 70883
40483- 50483
50483- 60183
60183- 70883
40483- 50283
50283- 60383
60383- 71283
40483- 51783
51783- 61683
61683- 71983
33183- 50283
50283- 60283
60283- 63083
41383- 50583
50583- 61583
61583- 71183
40183- 50483
50483- 60183
60183- 70183
41183- 50683
50683- 60683
60683- 70883
40883- 50383
50383- 60283
60283- 71183
33083- 50283
50283- 53183
53183- 70183
40483- 50383
50383- 60383
60383- 70583
5.2
5.3
4.8
6.0
3.8
4.1
15.3
6.4
10.0
4.2
3.8
4.2
17.2
6.3
4.6
4.2
6.4
5.9
7.0
7.2
7.8
8.0
15.0
10.1
9.8
5.2
5.0
4.0
4.3
7.4
3.6
5.4
4.6
4.0
4.5
5.6
5.3
4.7
5.6
5.6
6.0
4.5
3.7
8.1
8.9
7.8
7.0
7.1
6.0
7.5
5.5
5.1
13.9
15.6
12.6
5.6
5.5
4.9
11.2
7.6
6.7
5.8
9.0
8.8
7.8
10.8
10.1
8.6
14.5
14.1
12.4
6.8
6.7
5.9
8.1
7.5
5.8
6.8
6.9
5.6
7.5
7.6
6.9
7.9
7.7
5.9
7.1
6.5
5.0
11.7
12.0
10.2
15.3
15.4
9.0
14.0
10.8
11.7
8.6
5.3
8.1
16.1
8.2
13.8
10.0
28.0
18.8
9.7
5.9
5.1
11.5
4.2
21.0
6.2
20.3
10.1
11.3
12.9
14.2
9.9
7.1
7.8
7.2
4.6
7.3
6.6
8.1
10.8
31.5
9.9
13.0
7.2
17.6
10.2
14.6
7.6
7.0
13.1
38
-------
TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
VT:MONTPELIER
VT:MONTPELIER
MR
41283- 51683
51683- 60883
60883- 70783
33183- 50583
50583- 60283
60283- 80583
40183- 50383
50383- 53183
53183- 70183
33083- 50283
50283- 53183
53183- 63083
33183- 60183
60183- 70783
40183- 50683
50683- 60283
60283- 70283
8.2
5.5
6.4
7.0
4.2
9.9
6.6
5.7
6.3
7.3
6.8
5.7
10.5
5.2
6.3
4.7
5.0
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
10.1
10.0
9.1
8.3
6.2
6.5
8.6
8.5
8.4
9.3
9.7
7.9
7.0
6.0
7.5
7.3
7.0
8.1
4.7
25.1
20.9
14.0
8.2
4.6
22.3
4.6
7.1
.11.5
20.0
6.5
5.4
12.2
7.5
4.9
SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT)
39
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and
Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug
Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general
populations intake of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several of the biologically
important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain
reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or
more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
These samples are analyzed for iodine-131, barium-140,
cesiura-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of
the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined
by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has
been chemically separated by ion-exchange.
The values from the pasteurized milk samples for April - June
1983 are shown in Tables 21-23.
Strontium values from regional composite samples collected April
- June 1983 are shown in Table 24.
Tritium In Milk
It was previously proposed to analyze all 65 milk samples for
tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the
April sample). The EERF is currently evaluating alternative
analytical techniques anticipating that these analyses will begin
during the coming year.
40
-------
TABLE 21
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
APRIL 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:ST PAUL
MOrKANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
PA:PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PCrANCON
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
DATE
COLLECTED
4/ 7/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 8/83
4/11/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 6/83
4/ 3/83
4/ 1/83
4/11/83
4/18/83
4/ 5/83
4/11/83
4/18/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 4/83
4/13/83
4/ 4/83
4/26/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 8/83
4/ 5/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 6/83
4/ 8/83
4/ 6/83
4/ 4/83
4/11/83
4/18/83
4/ 8/83
4/ 6/83
4/ 7/83
4/19/83
4/12/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 4/83
4/11/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 5/83
4/19/83
4/29/83
4/25/83
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.61
.60
.57
.74
.62
.77
.47
.57
.47
.55
.66
.60
.84
.76
.60
.54
.53
.59
.52
.67
.64
.53
.64
.59
.50
.56
.58
.98
.66
.53
.56
.51
.60
.59
.61
.57
.60
.63
.52
.56
.57
.60
.56
.68
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.13
.13
.13
.18
.13
.25
.12
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.25
.11
.13
.12
.12
.13
.12
.13
.09
.12
.13
.13
.12
.12
.09
.25
.13
.08
.12
.08
.13
.13
.13
.12
.09
.13
.12
.09
.12
.13
.12
.24
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
1
4
-4
-11
5
-4
-4
-1
5
5
1
3
6
0
3
7
3
2
6
0
7
1
3
-2
-1
0
3
1
3
0
2
2
4
-1
6
-1
0
0
0
5
3
19
0
-3
7
7
7
11
7
16
7
7
7
7
7
7
16
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
16
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
16
UOBa
pCi/l+2s
0
-3
1
11
-1
3
-2
-2
7
0
5
-3
1
0
2
4
1
5
4
2
0
3
-3
3
-1
-5
-3
-6
-4
0
-3
-1
0
4
-2
-8
0
8
-1
0
-4
5
0
9
9
9
9
15
9
20
9
9
9
9
9
9
20
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
6
20
9
6
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
6
9
9
9
21
131r
pCi/l+2s
2
-2
5
-3
1
-8
1
0
-1
2
-6
4
-3
-2
-4
-2
-3
-2
-2
2
2
-1
1
-1
-2
-1
4
-1
3
-2
2
0
-2
0
4
3
3
-5
1
1
1
1
J.
-4
-8
7
7
7
10
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
14
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
/
7
/
7
14
41
-------
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
APRIL 1983
LOCATION
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA: SPOKANE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
4/ 5/83
4/ 4/83
4/11/83
4/ 6/83
4/ 4/83
4/20/83
4/11/83
4/ 4/83
4/ 3/83
4/11/83
4/ 4/83
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.49
.50
.46
.60
.67
.59
.59
.51
.73
.62
.58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.12
.12
.09
.09
.13
.24
.12
.17
.13
.13
137 140™
u/Cs 1HUBa
pCi/l+2s
-2
1
6
0
5
-3
7
3
3
0
2
7
7
7
5
5
7
16
7
11
7
7
pCi/l+2s
-1
2
-2
-5
5
-1
8
-1
7
3
-2
9
9
9
6
6
9
20
9
15
9
9
13 lt
pCi/l+2s
1
-1
0
2
1
-1
-4
-1
4
-3
~2
7
7
7
5
5
7
14
7
10
7
7
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
42
-------
TABLE 22
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
MAY 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
COrDENVER
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH: CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM:ALBUQUERQUE
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA PITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
DATE
COLLECTED
5/ 5/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 5/83
5/12/83
5/ 4/83
5/31/83
5/ 1/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 6/83
5/ 4/83
5/ 3/83
5/ 9/83
51 4/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 9/83
5/ 5/83
5/ 3/83
5/12/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 6/83
5/ 3/83
5/ 5/83
5/ 3/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 3/83
5/ 6/83
5/ 4/83
5/17/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 6/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 5/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 9/83
5/ 1/83
5/ 4/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 9/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 4/83
5/23/83
5/19/83
K
g/l+2s
1.56
1.57
1.50
1.53
1.53
1.50
1.59
1.54
1.57
1.49
1.65
1.62
1.80
1.51
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.57
1.46
1.65
1.59
1.48
1.58
1.59
1.57
1.63
1.47
1.55
1.73
1.64
1.50
1.71
1.52
1.60
1.65
1.50
1.59
1.48
1.46
1.65
1.53
1.56
1.46
1.54
0.09
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.09
0.09
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.25
0.12
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.09
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.09
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.25
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.08
j.j /
Cs
pCi/l+2s
4
2
0
0
-3
5
1
3
0
3
5
3
-6
7
5
4
1
0
0
2
5
-2
3
2
-3
-4
1
4
9
0
-4
-4
5
-1
-3
5
3
0
5
0
1
0
14
0
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
16
7
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
16
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
J-tV.
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-2
-4
-2
-2
2
2
-1
1
0
-6
-1
-1
3
0
1
-2
-3
2
-2
-6
-1
0
7
2
4
1
0
2
-2
-1
5
0
-2
-1
-2
4
-2
-3
1
1
-2
-5
1
-1
6
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
6
9
9
9
20
9 -
9
6
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
20
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
j.-» i
I
pCi/l+2s
-2
1
0
-3
-2
— 1
2
-1
-1
5
1
0
-11
1
0
0
3
2
1
-3
1
1
-1
-2
-3
-3
-1
-2
-3
-2
-7
-1
2
3
3
-6
3
3
0
-1
-2
2
-5
-3
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
14
7
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
43
-------
TABLE 22 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
MAY 1983
LOCATION
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN.-KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TNrMEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UTrSALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WV:CHARLESTON
WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
5/18/83
5/ 5/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 9/83
5/ 1/83
5/26/83
5/ 5/83
5/ 1/83
5/20/83
5/ 5/83
5/ 2/83
5/ 1/83
5/16/83
5/ 2/83
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.60
.60
.51
.58
.46
.57
.79
.56
.59
.74
.72
.50
.51
.50
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.12
.25
.12
.13
.13
.17
.12
.12
.08
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
7
2
1
1
5
5
10
3
0
4
-4
2
-3
2
7
7
7
7
7
7
16
7
7
7
11
7
7
5
140Ba
pCi/l+2s
2
~5
-2
0
0
-7
3
-4
-2
-2
3
2
-6
-2
9
9
9
9
9
9
20
9
9
9
14
9
9
6
131j
pCi/l+2s
-5
-2
2
-3
-3
3
-10
1
-2
-3
-3
2
0
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
10
7
7
5
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
44
-------
TABLE 23
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
JUNE 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CArLOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
GA:ATLANTA
GA: ATT, ANT A
HI .-HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KYrLOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD: BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MIrGRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NVrLAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
DATE
COLLECTED
6/ 9/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 8/83
6/ 8/83
6/ 2/83
6/ 2/83
5/31/83
6/28/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 3/83
11 1/83
6/ 1/83
6/ 9/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 9/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 7/83
6/ 7/83
6/ 3/83
6/ 7/83
6/ 9/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 1/83
6/10/83
6/ 8/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/20/83
6/10/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/13/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 7/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.46
.55
.61
.77
.64
.53
.50
.43
.56
.56
.66
.53
.57
.56
.01
.59
.52
.55
.57
.46
.68
.58
.63
.55
.54
.73
.54
.48
.50
.58
.58
.60
.58
.31
.53
.58
.63
.57
.65
.57
.65
.61
.68
.53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.08
.09
.25
.09
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.24
.08
.12
.09
.25
.13
.12
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
.12
.12
.13
.09
.12
.12
.13
.09
.24
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
0.13
0.08
0.24
0.13
0.13
0.06
137P 140D
Cs Ba
pCi/l+2s
1
3
0
-5
0
-1
5
-2
5
9
-2
-1
9
2
3
-1
-1
5
-3
9
2
-1
4
4
-2
1
4
-1
0
4
0
-3
0
1
2
1
-1
0
3
0
5
2
0
1
7
5
5
16
5
7
7
7
7
7
16
5
7
5
16
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
16
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
16
7
7
4
pCi/l+2s
2
-2
0
0
-2
-3
2
-1
-3
-2
-9
0
-1
2
-7
-1
0
0
0
-3
0
6
-5
-3
2
-3
-4
-3
1
-2
-6
12
-2
-4
-3
2
-4
2
-6
-4
-3
-1
-1
0
9
6
6
20
6
9
9
9
9
9
20
5
9
6
20
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
6
21
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
20
9
9
5
131I
pCi/l+2s
-3
-2
-2
5
4
-1
-7
-2
£>
1
-4
7
1
1
-2
-1
J_
-3
-1
A.
-2
o
-2
5
2
4
0
-2
2
-11
-2
-4
-2
-1
0
-2
2
2
-4
-8
-2
-3
7
5
5
14
5
_/
7
7
/
7
7
/
7
14
c
J
7
I
5
14
7
7
/
7
/
7
7
i
7
7
i
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
14
7
7
4
45
-------
TABLE 23 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
JUNE 1983
LOCATION
PA:PHILADELPHIA
PArPITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TXrAUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WYtLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
6/ 6/83
6/ 7/83
6/ 6/83
6/16/83
6/15/83
6/30/83
6/ 6/83
6/20/83
6/29/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 6/83
6/15/83
6/13/83
6/ 6/83
11 1/83
6/ 6/83
6/ 1/83
7/ 1/83
6/28/83
6/ 6/83
K
g/l±2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.46
.59
.59
.61
.66
.60
.52
.72
.43
.61
.65
.62
.53
.52
.52
.58
.70
.56
.48
.45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.12
.24
.12
.13
.13
.13
.08
.12
.12
.13
.13
.09
.12
.12
137Cs
pCi/l+2s
3
0
20
4
-1
-3
-1
1
— 1
-2
4
5
4
2
-2
-1
1
-1
0
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
16
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
UOBa
pCi/l+2s
3
-4
0
-2
-6
3
6
-5
-4
5
-8
-1
-1
-5
-1
0
-8
0
-8
-1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
20
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
131j
pCi/l+2s
-6
0
•"1
0
4
-3
-5
-6
-1
-8
2
-2
0
0
-6
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
46
-------
TABLE 24
STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES
APRIL - JUNE 1983
EPA Sr Sr
REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s*
I 3.1 0.4 -1 1
II 2.3 0.7 1 2
III 3.3 1.0 -1 3
IV 3.3 1.0 -2 3
V 2.9 1.2 0 4
VI 3.1 0.9 0 3
VII 2.0 0.5 1 1
VIII 2.3 0.5 0 1
IX 0.7 0.3 1 1
X 2.0 0.6 2 2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
THE COUNTING ERROR
47
-------
Carbon-14 in Milk
Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution,
contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These
samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain
resulting from nuclear testing.
Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
48
-------
DATA - STATE AGENCIES
Radiological Healtli Laboratory^
Indiana State Board of Health
Indiana Milk Analysis Program
In order to evaluate the fallout on Indiana pasturelands, the
State has implemented a program whereby monthly milk samples from
five geographical areas are sent to the Radiological Health
Laboratory of the State Board of Health. The milk in these samples is
bottled on the same date in all five areas to provide uniform time
from pasture to the lab.
Once in the laboratory, the milk is first analyzed by gamma
spectroscopy for iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and
potassiura-40. A one gallon sample is analyzed on a 3" x 3" Nal(Tl)
scintillation crystal for 4800 seconds. A background sample of 48,000
seconds is also run. The data are analyzed to give pCi/1 for each
radionuclide.
A quarterly composite sample is saved and run for strontium-89
and -90 by ion exchange method.
Data will be published as it is received.
49
-------
Radiological Health_ Division
State Hygienic Laboratory of_ Iowa
Iowa Water Sampling Program
The radiological Health Division of the State Hygienic
Laboratory of Iowa with the assistance of the State Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) maintains a state-wide water sampling
program of community drinking waters, surface waters and
precipitation. All analyses with the exception of the sequential
Ra-226, -228 analyses are performed according to "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 14th edition. The
sequential analyses for radiums are performed according to the EPA
publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water."
The drinking water samples are collected by DEQ regional
personnel and sent to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are
preserved with HC1. These waters are analyzed for gross alpha and
gross beta radioactivity as a screening process. Subsequent analyses
for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90 are performed if screening levels are
exceeded. Radium levels are of primary concern in Iowa drinking
waters as those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers within
the state.
Surface waters are collected at eleven sites throughout the
state with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and
downstream to nuclear power plants in Iowa or those plants
discharging into rivers which are natural borders with adjoining
states. Gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium are the routine
radionuclide analyses for these samples. Strontium is of interest
when gross beta screening levels are exceeded or if nuclear weapons
testing necessitates monitoring to determine its impact on the
environment.
Data will be published as it is received.
50
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency's office of Radiation Programs.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Technical Support Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS
should be directed to:
H. Michael Mardis, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
or to:
Lewis Battist, Chief
Environmental Studies and Statistics
Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461)
IT- R. Environmental Protection Agency
Waterside Kail East
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
***
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