United States Eastern Environmental EPA 520/5-88-021
Environmental Protection Radiation Facility October 1988
Agency 1890 Federal Drive
Office of Radiation Programs Montgomery, AL 36109
Radiation
A Long-Term Study of
Radon and
Airborne Particulates at
Phosphogypsum Stacks in
Central Florida
-------
EPA 520/5-88-021
A STUDY OF RADON AND AIRBORNE
PARTICULATES AT PHOSPHOGYPSUM STACKS
IN CENTRAL FLORIDA
BY
T.R. Horton, R.L. Blanchard, and S.T. Wlndham
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation Programs
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
1890 Federal Drive
Montgomery, AL 36109
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DISCLAIMER
Mention of any specific product or trade name in
this report does not imply an endorsement or guarantee
on the part of the Environmental Protection Agency.
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CONTENTS
Page
List of Figures vii
List of Tables Jx
Abstract xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Purpose 1-1
1.2 The Process 1-2
1.3 The Source 1-5
2. SITE SELECTION AND STACK DESCRIPTION 2-1
2.1 Site Selection 2-1
2.2 Site and Stack Description ?-l
2.2.1 Gardinier's phosphogypsum stack 2-4
2.2.2 W.R. Grace's phosphogypsum stack 2-4
2.2.3 Royster's phosphogypsum stack 2-7
2.2.4 Conserv's phosphogypsum stack 2-7
2.2.5 Estech's phosphogypsum stack 2-10
3. STUDY DESIGN 3-1
3.1 Measurement Objectives 3_1
3.1.1 Radon Flux 3_1
3.1.2 Radionucllde content of phosphogypsum samples ... 3-2
iii
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CONTENTS - Continued
Page
3.1.3 Moisture content of phosphogypsum samples 3-2
3.1.4 Airborne particulate samples 3-2
3.1.5 Airborne radon 3-3
3.1.6 Gamma-ray exposures 3-4
3.2 Methods 3.4
3.2.1 Radon Flux 3-4
3.2.2 Phosphogypsum sample collection and analyses .... 3-7
3.2.3 Moisture content determination of phosphogypsum
samples 3_7
3.2.4 Airborne partlcula.te sample collection 3.7
3.2.5 Airborne radon measurements , 3^3
3.2.6 Gamma-ray exposure measurements 3.9
3.2.7 Background sample collection and measurements ... 3-9
3.3 Sampling Program t 3_g
3.3.1 General 29
3.3.2 Sampling program at the Gardinier site 3_io
3.3.3 Sampling program at the W.R. Grace site 3-L4
3.3.4 Sampling program at the Royster site S_IB
3.3.5 Sampling program at the Conserv site 3.20
3.3.6 Sampling program at the Estech site 3.23
3.3.7 Background sampling program 3.25
3.4 Quality Assurance 3_29
3.4.1 Charcoal canisters (LAAGC) 3_29
iv
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CONTENTS - Continued
Page
3.4.2 Moisture content of phosphogypsum 3-29
3.4.3 High-volume airborne particulate samples 3-30
3.4.4 Particle sizing samples . 3-30
3.4.5 Sample representativeness and comparability .... 3-31
3.4.6 Sampling procedures 3_31
3.4.7 Sample custody 3_32
3.4.8 Calibration procedures and frequency 3-33
3.4.9 Analytical procedures 3.34
3.4.10 Internal quality control checks and frequency . . . 3-35
3.4.11 Data precision, accuracy, and completeness 3-36
4. RESULTS 4-1
4.1 Radon-222 Flux 4-1
4.2 Radionuclide Content of Phosphogypsum 4-7
4.3 Airborne Radioactive Particulate Concentrations and
Particle Size 4-13
4.3.1 General 4-13
4.3.2 High-Volume Samples 4-13
4.3.3 Particle Size of Airborne Samples 4-18
4.4 Airborne Radon Concentrations 4-24
4.5 Gamma-Ray Exposures 4_32
4.6 Summary of Results 4_36
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CONTENTS - Continued
Page
5. CONCLUSIONS 5-1
6. REFERENCES 6-1
APPENDICES
A. Individual radon flux and moisture content values for
phosphogypsum stacks and background soils A-l
B. Radionucllde concentrations measured in high-volume air
samples and particle size samples B-l
C. Radionucllde concentrations in background soil samples . . C-l
D. Outdoor radon concentrations D_l
E. Quality assurance results E_l
F. The average radon-222 flux measured during each sampling
period on the phosphogypsum stacks P_l
v1
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
1-1 Wet process for phosphoric acid manufacture 1n the
United States 1-4
1-2 Geographic distribution of phosphate rock production
In the United States 1-6
1-3 Location of phosphogypsum facilities in the United States . . . 1-9
2-1 Locations of companies participating In field monitoring
study 2-3
2-2 Site map of Gardinier, Inc 2-5
2-3 Site map of W.R. Grace and Co 2-6
2-4 Site map of Royster Co 2-8
2-5 Site map of Conserv, Inc 2-9
2-6 Site map of Estech General Chemicals Corporation 2-11
3-1 The Large Area Activated Charcoal Canister 3-5
3-2 Monitoring locations at Gardinier, Inc 3-12
3-3 Monitoring locations at W.R. Grace's south stack 3-15
3-4 Monitoring locations at Royster Company 3-19
3-5 Monitoring locations at Conserv's west stack 3-21
3-6 Monitoring locations at Estech General Chemicals Corporation . 3-24
3-7 Background monitoring locations 3-26
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
1.1 The principal phosphogypsum stacks in the United States .... 1-10
2.1 Description of the five participating stacks 2-2
3.1 A summary of the monitoring program at the five
phosphogypsum sites 3-11
4.1 The average radon flux at each location on the
phosphogypsum stacks 4-3
4.2 The annual average radon flux on each phosphogypsum stack ... 4-5
4.3 The average moisture content of the phosphogypsum at each
location on the Estech stack 4-6
4.4 Radium-226 in phosphogypsum samples 4-8
4.5 A summary of the radium-226 concentrations in
phosphogypsum samples 4-10
4.6 Radioactivity in composite phosphogypsum samples 4-11
4.7 Average concentrations of the major radionuclides in the
composite phosphogypsum samples 4-13
4.8 Specific radionuclide concentrations in air samples
collected at the W.R. Grace stack and a background site . . . 4-16
4.9 Net radionuclide concentrations in air at the
W.R. Grace stack 4-17
4.10 Radionuclide concentrations in particulates of different
particle sizes, pCi/m .... 4-21
ix
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LIST OF TABLES - Continued
4.11 The average percent of radlonuclldes in each particle
size range 4-23
4.12 Corrected outdoor radon concentrations measured in air at
individual sampling locations, pCi/L 4-26
4.13 A summary of the average outdoor radon concentrations
in air, pCi/L 4-29
4.14 A comparison of the radon flux with the radon concentration
in air at each stack 4_31
4.15 Gamma-ray exposure rate measurements at phosphogypsum
sample locations 4.33
4.16 Average gamma-ray exposure rates measured over each
phosphogypsum stack 4.35
4.17 A summary of measurements conducted during the one-year
phosphogypsum study 4_3g
4.18 Tabulation of selected parameters related to radon flux . . . . 4.33
4.19 A comparison of the average radon flux, Ra-226 concentrations,
and gamma-ray exposure rates on the five phosphogypsum
stacks 4-40
4.20 Average net concentrations of radlonuclides in high-volume
air samples 4_42
4.21 Average airborne radon concentrations near phosphogypsum
stacks 4.46
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ABSTRACT
The EPA is presently assessing the significance of radioactive
emissions from phosphogypsum stacks to determine if they should be
regulated under the Clean Air Act. As part of this assessment, a one-year
study was conducted to measure the airborne radionuclide emissions from
five phosphogypsum stacks in central Florida. This report provides a
detailed description of this study.
Measurements were conducted over a 12-month period on four active and
one inactive phosphogypsum stacks. The study included the following
measurements: 1260 radon-222 flux, 90 ambient radon-222, and 50 gamma-ray
exposure rates. Also, radionuclide analyses were performed on 33 airborne
particulate samples, 9 airborne particle-size samples, and 50
phosphogypsum samples.
The annual average radon flux determined for the dry-loose material
on top of active phosphogypsum stacks was 20 pC1/m2-s, and is regarded
as representative of stacks in the central Florida region. The annual
average flux on the top surface of the inactive stack was 4 to 5 times
smaller, due to a surface crust. The data suggest that to obtain a
representative annual average radon flux on a phosphogypsum stack the
total number of measurements made is more Important than the period of
time over which the measurements are made.
Information concerning the gamma-ray exposure rates on and near
phosphogypsum stacks, the ambient radon-222 levels near stacks, and the
significance of resuspended particulate matter from stacks is also
provided. The relationships between the radon flux and the radionuclide
content and moisture content of the phosphogypsum are discussed.
XI
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors express their gratitude to Mike Gilley and his staff
(Wesley Nail, Tom McNally, and Lee Forgey) at the Polk County Health
Department, Winter Haven, Florida, for their dedication and excellence in
conducting the day-to-day field activities involved in this study.
Without their help this study would have been impossible. The authors
also wish to thank Ted Houston and Armando Rodriguez of Conserv, Inc.,
J.R. Perrin of Estech, Inc., Steve Boswell of Gardinier, Inc.,
Randy Melton of W.R. Grace and Co., and Ted Schmalz of Royster Co. for
their excellent cooperation in letting us conduct measurements on their
plant sites.
The help provided by a number of reviewers of this report, especially
Mr. Paul Magno (Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.),
Dr. James Watson (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.), and
Dr. Gordon Nifong (Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, Bartow, FL),
is greatly appreciated. The dedication and patience displayed by
Mardy Wilkes in typing the many drafts of this report are especially
appreciated.
xiii
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
Phosphate rock contains elevated concentrations of U-238 and Its
decay products. In 1985, about 51 million metric tons of marketable
phosphate rock were produced in the United States. Most of this phosphate
rock is used in the production of fertilizers. Phosphogypsum is a
by-product material produced in large amounts during the production of
phosphoric acid. The phosphogypsum contains most of the radium-226
originally present in the phosphate rock and is stored in large stacks
(piles) near the fertilizer facility. There are currently 62
phosphogypsum stacks in the United States covering more than 3,300
hectares.
Because phosphogypsum stacks release radionuclldes, particularly
radon-222, into the air, the EPA 1s presently assessing the significance
of these emissions to determine 1f they should be regulated under
Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. As a part of this assessment, a study
was conducted to measure the radlonuclide emissions from phosphogypsum
stacks. This report describes the results of a year-long study of the
radlonuclide emissions from 5 phosphogypsum stacks 1n central Florida.
1-1
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1.2 The Process
The most prevalent use of phosphate rock is for the production of
phosphoric add, accounting for about 80 percent of the U.S. ore
production. In 1985 there were 29 facilities In the United States
producing phosphoric acid from phosphate rock by the wet process in which
the rock is acidulated to form the acid. The average wet process plant
can produce about 700 metric tons of phosphoric acid per day. Most of the
phosphoric acid is used in the production of agricultural fertilizers.
Figure 1-1 is a diagram of the wet process for manufacturing
phosphoric add. The production Involves four primary operations: raw
material feed preparation, phosphate rock digestion, filtration, and
concentration. In most installations the phosphate ore is dried in
direct-fired rotary kilns and ground to a fineness of less than 150 » for
improved reactivity during acidulation. The key feature in the plant is
the addulator (digester), the reaction vessel 1n which ground phosphate
rock 1s digested with sulfuric acid (H2S04) to produce orthophosphorlc
acid (28 percent P205) and gypsum. The primary reaction 1s:
Ca3 (P04)2 + 3H2S04 * 2H20 > 2H3P04 + SCaSO^O.
Phosphoric gypsum
Add
1-2
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Sulfun'c acid used in the wet process is either manufactured on site
or piped from a nearby sulfuric acid manufacturer. The slurry from the
digester, which consists of calcium sulfate (gypsum) and phosphoric acid,
is pumped to a vacuum filter for separation of gypsum solids from the
liquid (28 percent P205) phosphoric acid. The filter cake is dried by
suction, the filter pan is inverted, and the cake is then washed from the
filter. The phosphoric acid from the filtration stage, which contains 28
percent P20g, is concentrated to 54 percent P205 (75 percent H3P04)
by vacuum evaporation of the water. The concentrated phosphoric acid may
be blended with the lower concentration acid for use in a variety of
products.
The gypsum (calcium sulfate) is the principal by-product from wet
process phosphoric acid production. The gypsum is transferred as a slurry
to on-site disposal areas, which are referred to as gypsum stacks. The
gypsum stacks are usually constructed directly on virgin or mined-out land
with little or no preparation of the land surface. The gypsum slurry is
pumped to the top of the stack, where it forms a small impoundment
commonly referred to as a gypsum pond. Qypsum is dredged from the pond on
top of the stack and used to increase the height of the dike surrounding
the pond.
1-3
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PHOSPHATE
ROCK
DRYING.
CALCINATION
AND
GRINDING
SULFURIC
ACID
DIGESTION
ORTHO PHOSPHORIC
ACID
28% P2°5
DILUTE
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
FILTRATION
SOLIDS
WASHING
28%
P2°5
ACID
CONCENTRA-
TION
54% P205
PHOSPHORIC
ACID PRODUCT
-WATER
SOLID GYPSUM
TO LAND DISPOSAL
Figure 1-1. Wet process for phosphoric acid manufacture in the United States (Pe83).
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1.3 The Source
In 1985, approximately 175 million metric tons of phosphate rock were
mined 1n the United States, which yielded 51 million metric tons of
marketable ore (BOM85). Principal phosphate rock mining states and their
percent of U.S. production are Florida (80 percent); Idaho (7 percent);
North Carolina (6 percent); Tennessee (3 percent); Utah (2 percent); and
minor amounts from Alabama and Wyoming, as shown In Figure 1-2.
Phosphate rock deposits contain appreciable quantities of uranium and
Its decay products. The uranium concentration In phosphate rock ranges
from about 20 to 200 ppm*, which 1s 10 to 100 times higher than the
uranium concentration in typical rocks and soils (2 ppm). The principal
radionuclides in phosphate rock are: uranium-238, uranlum-234,
thorium-230, radium-226, radon-222, lead-210, and polonlum-210. When
phosphate rock is processed, the radionuclides can be released into the
environment. In the addulatlon process there 1s a selective separation
and concentration of radionuclides. Most of the radium-226, about 80
percent, follows the phosphogypsum while about 85 percent of the uranium
and 70 percent of the thorium are found in the phosphoric acid. These
radionuclides, particularly radium-226, are deposited along with the
phosphogypsum onto the stacks of by-product material and are possible
sources of airborne radioactivity.
*1 part-per-mill1on (ppm) of uranium-238 = 0.746 dpm per gram.
1-5
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Figure 1-2. Geographic distribution of phosphate rock production in the United States (Pe83).
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Radon-222, the decay product of radium-226, 1s a gaseous element that
diffuses into the air from the radium-226 in the gypsum stacks. Also,
potential exists for the radionuclides in gypsum to be resuspended Into
the air by winds and vehicular traffic that produce dust from the stacks.
These are the two principal mechanisms for airborne releases of
radioactivity from phosphogypsum stacks. The amount of radon emanating
from a gypsum stack ("the source term") is proportional to the stack area,
the radium-226 concentration in the waste material, and to an emanation
coefficient depends upon a number of variables, the most Important being
the moisture content of the gypsum. In addition, a hard crust forms on
inactive stacks that tends to reduce the potential for airborne
particulates and causes a reduction in the radon flux.
Gypsum stacks range in size from 2 to almost 300 hectares*, and
heights range from 3 to about 60 meters. The location and number of
phosphogypsum facilities in the United States are shown 1n Figure 1-3.
Each facility contains one or more phosphogypsum stacks. Although there
are 62 phosphogypsum stacks 1n the United States, the EPA has centered Its
assessment on the largest 58 stacks, Ignoring four because of size or a
present lack of information. Table 1.1 lists the principal phosphogypsum
stacks and the total base area of these stacks in each state. The 58
gypsum stacks have a combined base area of about 3,370 ha, of which 1,630
ha {about 50 percent) are located in Florida (PEI85a). Because Florida
has more than three times the phosphogypsum of any other state, Is
*1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 square meters.
1-7
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presently producing most of the gypsum in the United States, and has
a large regional population density near gypsum facilities, the
phosphogypsum stacks in Florida were selected for this study.
1-8
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MAP KEY
SINGLE FACILITY
MULTIPLE FACILITIES
Figure 1-3. Location of phosphogypsum facilities in the United States.
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Table 1.1 The principal phosphogypsum stacks 1n the United States
State
Arkansas
Florida
Idaho
Illinois
Iowa
Louisiana
Mississippi
Missouri
North Carolina
Texas
Utah
Wyoml ng
No. of Stacks
1
17
3
2
1
2
5
1
3
4
3
1
3
3
1
2
4
1
1
Status
Inactive
Operating
Inactive
Operating
Idle
Operating
Inactive
Idle
Inactive
Operating
Idle
Operating
Inactive
Operating
Operating
Inactive
Idle
Operating
Operating
Total Area of Stacks
In Each State (ha)*
9
1522
110
117
24
117
73
32
64
508
35
101
48
146
61
35
66
121
182
*1 ha = 10,000m2
Note: Idle stacks are those that are presently Inactive but will likely
be reactivated 1n the future. There are no plans to reactivate those
classified as Inactive or closed.
1-10
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2. SITE SELECTION AND STACK DESCRIPTION
2.1 Site Selection
The factors considered in selecting the phosphogypsum stacks In
central Florida as the sites for the field monitoring study were the
following:
1) The phosphate Industry Is larger in central Florida than in any
other region or state.
2) The region contains the preponderate quantity of phosphogypsum,
in both operating and inactive stacks.
3) Pertinent data obtained from previous studies of the phosphate
industry in the region were readily available.
4) Concurrent studies of a related nature were being conducted in
the region.
5) The phosphate region 1n Florida has a greater population density
than most other phosphate mining regions, providing the
potential for a larger population exposure to radon and
paniculate effluents.
2.2 Site and Stack Description
The five sites that participated In the field monitoring study were
Gardinier, Inc., W.R. Grace and Company, Royster Company, Conserv, Inc.,
and Estech General Chemicals Corporation. All sites operated active
2-1
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phosphogypsum stacks except Estech. Table 2.1 lists the five sites,
identifies the stacks monitored, and gives the base area, height, and
quantity of gypsum contained for each stack. The locations of these sites
are also shown in Figure 2-1. A detailed description of each site
participating in the monitoring study is presented below.
Table 2.1 Description of the five participating stacks
Company Name
Gardinier, Inc.
W.R. Grace and
Company
Royster Co.
Conserv, Inc.
Estech General
Chemicals Corp.
Stack
Monitored
Gypsum stack
South stack
North
extension
stack
West stack
Gypsum stack
Location
East Tampa, FL
Bar tow, FL
Mulberry, FL
Mulberry, FL
Bartow, FL
Area
(ha)*
138
164
16
31
40
Height
(meters)
54
12
9
27
9
Quantity
of Gypsum
(106 metric
tons)
84.4
37.4
Unknown
8.6
4.5
*Area of the stack base. 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 square meters.
2-2
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X/.R. GRACE
NO COMPANY
EM
T«MI
GAROINIER, INC
CONSERV, INC.
ROYSTER
COMPANY
ESTECH GENERAL
CHEMICALS -
CORPORATION
HILLSBOBOUGH COUNTY f [/ POLK COUNTY
MANATEE"/" COUNTY /THABOEE COUNTY
i
Figure 2-1. Locations of companies participating in field monitoring study.
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2.2.1 Gardlnler's Phosphogypsum Stack
The Gardlnler site Is located In East Tampa, HWsborough County,
Florida, approximately 8 miles east of the MacDIll A1r Force Base and 12
miles southeast of Tampa International Airport. Gardlnler, Inc., operates
only one gypsum stack, which Is located Immediately east of Hlllsborough
Bay and west of U.S. Route 41 (see Figure 2-2). The stack Is presently
about 55 meters high and Its base covers 138 ha. The top of the gypsum
stack 1s presently about 36 ha. The sides of the stack are either
vegetated or In the process of being vegetated, and water normally covers
the top surface, except for the perimeter dike and cross dams. The
company plans to operate the stack to a height of about 60 meters, at
which time the gypsum slurry will be piped across State Route 41 to a new
gypsum stack that 1s not yet constructed.
2.2.2 W.R. Grace's Phosphogypsum Stack
The W.R. Grace site 1s located about 4 miles west of Bartow,
Florida. The active south phosphogypsum stack, where the monitoring was
conducted, Is located southeast of the plant and Immediately south of
State Route 60 (see Figure 2-3). The stack Is about 12 meters high and
Its base covers an area of 164 ha. The top of the gypsum stack 1s about
145 ha, which 1s segmented Into 15 cells of varying sizes. The top of the
stack Is normally covered with water, except at certain times of the year
the gypsum surface may be dry or only damp. The sides of the gypsum
stack are not vegetated.
2-4
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0 1220 FEET
HILLSBOROUGH
BAY
Figure 2-2. Site map of Gardinier, Inc.
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STATE ROUTE 60
N>
PRIMARY
LIMING POND
SOUTH GYPSUM STACK
SECONDARY
LIMING POND
CLAY
SETTLING POND
PROPERTY BOUNDARY
Figure 2-3. Site map of W.R. Grace and Co.
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W.R, Grace also operates a somewhat smaller north stack, but 1t is
Infrequently used and was not Included In the field monitoring study.
2.2.3 Royster's Phosphogypsum Stack
The Royster site Is located about 1 1/2 miles east of Mulberry,
Florfda, on the south sfde of State Route 60. The north stack and north
extension stack are located directly north of the plant In between the
plant and State Route 60 {see Figure 2-4). The north extension stack 1s
currently about 9 meters high and Its base covers an area of about 16 ha.
Only the north extension stack 1s active, although gypsum slurry flows via
a drainage ditch across the north stack to the north extension. The top
of the north extension stack, having only one cross dam, 1s normally
covered with water. There Is no vegetation on the sides of either the
north stack or the north extension stack.
A south stack also exists at the Royster site, however, It was not
Included as a part of the field monitoring study.
2.2.4 Conserv's Phosphogypsum Stack
The Conserv site 1s located approximately four miles southwest of
Mulberry, Polk County, Florida. Conserv operates two gypsum stacks on
this site, which are designated as the east and west stacks (see
Figure 2-5). Presently, the east and west stacks are 9 and 27 meters
2-7
-------
WEST
SURFACE DRAINAGE CATCHK DISCHARGE
AND ' ' "^
* Royster To
-------
NJ
FEET
I COOLING 'PONDII
-!-<< WEST i-z-i-ro
:=>>: GYPSUM :-i-:>>:
Fr">i- STACK ->=-:>--
TOE OF EMBANKMENTS
UNDER DRAIN
:-:-»!-: EAST
=":>-:->: GYPSUM
z-r->:-:-: STACK :->>:-:-:
PROPERTY LINE
T
Figure 2-5. Site map of Conserv, Inc.
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high, and their bases cover areas of 32 and 31 hectares, respectively.
While dense vegetation covers the sides of the east stack, vegetation on
the sides of the west stack 1s either scarce or nonexistent. Monitoring
was conducted for this study only at the west stack.
Conserv operates the stacks on a rotation schedule, that Is, variable
with time. The top surface of the west gypsum pile is normally covered
with water while receiving the gypsum slurry discharge. When the
discharge is diverted from the west to the east stack, the surface water
remaining will evaporate or seep away. As a result, the top surface of
the stack will become dry enough to dredge and build up dikes for receipt
of future discharges.
2.2.5 Estech's Phosphogypsum Stack
The Estech site is located approximately 8 miles south-southwest of
Bartow, Florida. The Estech site contains one inactive gypsum stack that
lies just south of the plant and off of State Route 555. The height of
the inactive stack varies from about 3 meters to 9 meters and occupies an
area of about 40 ha at its base (see Figure 2-6). The stack has been
inactive since 1968, during which time it has naturally acquired a patchy
vegetation cover on all surfaces except the access road. Periodically a
front-end loader will work the eastern end of the stack for buyers of the
phosphogypsum.
2-10
-------
PHOSPHOGYPSUNI
STACK
CLAY SLIMES
OVER
MINE CUTS
Figure 2-6. Site map of Estech(General Chemicals Corporation.
2-11
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3. STUDY DESIGN
3.1 Measurement Objectives
The following measurements were performed to obtain the data
pertinent to the study objectives.
3.1.1 Radon Flux
The radon flux 1s the rate at which radon emanates from the surface
of the gypsum stack. The flux measurements yield the picocuries of radon
emanating per square meter per second. The radon flux 1s used to estimate
the annual radon emission rate from the stack.
Measurements of radon flux were made to obtain the following
Information:
1) the average annual radon flux over the area of a stack and the
variation that exists between stacks,
2) the variation of the radon flux with time (seasonal variation),
3) the difference 1n the radon flux of operating and inactive
stacks,
4) the variation of the radon flux as a function of the rad1um-226
concentration In the waste material, and
5) the variation of the radon flux caused by differences in the
moisture content of the gypsum material.
3-1
-------
3.1.2 Radionuclide Content of Phosphogypsum Samples
Naturally occurring radlonucHdes are known to exist 1n elevated
concentrations 1n phosphogypsum (Gu75, Ho79). The more Important of these
radlonucHdes are Isotopes of uranium and thorium, radlum-226,
polonium-210, and lead-210. Knowledge of the concentrations of these
radionuclfdes in the surface layer of the gypsum stacks is important
because they represent the source of the radon and the radioactive
airborne paniculate emissions.
3.1.3 Moisture Content of Phosphogypsum Samples
It is well known that the moisture content of the phosphogypsum has a
large effect on the radon flux. In general, the radon flux may be
expected to decrease with increasing moisture in the gypsum, if all other
variables are constant. Thus, the moisture content of the gypsum was
measured at each site of the radon flux measurement in order to determine
If a relationship between radon flux and moisture content could be
observed.
3.1.4 Airborne Particulate Samples
Dust from phosphogypsum stacks may be produced by winds and vehicular
traffic on the stacks. Because phosphogypsum contains elevated levels of
naturally occurring radlonucHdes (see Section 3.1.2), the dust represents
3-2
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an airborne source of radioactivity. In order to determine the
significance of this airborne source of radlonuclldes, total suspended
partlculates were collected In upwind and downwind directions of two
stacks. The partlculates collected were analyzed for specific
radlonuclldes which were then related to an airborne concentration.
Particle sizing was performed on some of the total suspended
partlculate samples. The size of the dust particles 1s relevant because
1t relates to the distance the dust may be transported and to the fraction
of the dust that Is resplrable.
3.1.5 Airborne Radon
Airborne radon concentrations, measured as pC1/L, were obtained above
and around the phosphogypsum stacks for the purpose of: 1) determining 1f
an Increase In airborne concentration due to the radlum-226 1n the gypsum
was detectable above background levels; 2) determining the size of the
Increase; and 3) determining, If possible, any relationship between the
Increased airborne radon concentration and the radon flux and/or the
radium-226 concentration In the surface layer of the gypsum stack.
3-3
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3.1.6 Gamma-ray Exposures
Gamma-ray exposures on gypsum stacks may be expected to exceed
background levels because higher concentrations of naturally occurring
radlonuclldes exist in phosphogypsum. Since gamma-ray exposure levels
might present a qualitative measure of the relative abundance of
radlonuclldes existing In the gypsum at measurement locations, gamma-ray
exposure measurements, as nR/hr, were Included In the study program to:
1) determine an average exposure rate on phosphogypsum stacks; 2)
determine If a qualitative relationship exists between the gamma-ray
exposures above the surface and the rad1onucl1de, principally radium-226,
concentrations 1n the surface gypsum; and 3) observe any spatial
distribution of exposure over the surface of a stack due to the
heterogeneous distribution of radlonuclldes 1n the gypsum.
3.2 Methods
3.2.1 Radon Flux
To determine the radon flux, a specially designed charcoal canister
called the "Large Area Activated Charcoal Canister (LAACC)" Is positioned
directly on the surface of the gypsum stack selected for the flux
determination (see Figure 3-1). The LAACC Is 10 Inches In diameter and
contains about 180 grams of granular activated charcoal. The radon
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HANDLE
1/4-in. Vent Hole
1-in. Thick
Scrubber Pad
1/2-in. Thick
Scrubber Pad
1/2-in. Thick Charco;
* Support Grid
Retainer
" Spring
10-in. dia.
PVC End Cap
Figure 3-1. The Large Area Activated Charcoal Canister.
3-5
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diffuses from the gypsum into the canister and 1s adsorbed onto the
charcoal where it decays to Its progenies. The amount of radon adsorbed
on the activated charcoal was quantified by gamma-ray spectroscopy of the
charcoal using a Nal(Tl) crystal and multichannel analyzer. The 609 KeV
peak of blsmuth-214 was measured to determine the radon activity on the
charcoal. . The radon flux was calculated from the radon activity, the area
of the collector, the time of exposure (usually 24 hours), and the radon
decay correction. The decay corrections were kept small by analyzing the
charcoal within two days of exposure.
This method of radon flux measurement assumes two basic conditions.
First, it must be assumed that the charcoal is 100 percent efficient in
collecting radon. For short periods of time, less than 36 hours, this
assumption 1s considered valid for all seasons of the year (Ha83).
Temperature has a large effect on the radon collection efficiency, and
larger collection times may not result In a quantitative recovery. Thus,
a 24-hour exposure time was conservatively chosen. It was also assumed
that the radon flux being measured was constant during the exposure
period. Although this condition was rarely, if ever, met, the error
Introduced 1s believed to be relatively small.
This method has an accuracy of greater than * 10 percent, a precision
of * 10 percent, and a sensitivity of 0.2 pC1/m2-s.
3-6
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3.2.2 Phosphogypsum Sample Collection and Analyses
Each sample was obtained by removing the top 15 cm of surface
phosphogypsum over an area approximating the area and location covered by
the LAACC. The sample was removed using a JMC soil sampling auger and
placed 1n a 1-liter polyethylene wldemouthed bottle. Samples were sent to
the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility where they were homogenized
and analyzed for rad1um-226. The 10 samples from each stack were then
composited and the five composite samples analyzed for uranlum-238,
uranlum-235, uranium-234, thorlum-232, thorium-230, thorium-228,
thorium-227, rad1um-226, radlum-228, polonium-210, and lead-210 by
published procedures (L184).
3.2.3 Moisture Content Determination of Phosphogypsum Samples
A surface sample of phosphogypsum was collected from an area adjacent
to the LAACC, sealed Immediately In a plastic bag, and returned to the
Polk County Health Department for a moisture content determination.
Samples were oven dried for 16 hours at a temperature of 60*5"C and the
moisture content determined using the recommended ASTM D2216-80 method.
3.2.4 Airborne Partlculate Sample Collection
Total suspended partlculate samples were collected for a period of
one week at selected locations having available power supplies using
high-volume samplers. The high-volume samplers were operated as
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recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (PEI86). At the end of
each week the exposed sample filters were sent to the Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility where they were composited into monthly samples for
radlochemlcal analysis.
Samples for particle sizing were collected for a period of one day
using the Andersen particle sizing head with the ASTM D2009 procedure.
After the collection period, filters from the head were sent to the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility for radiochemlcal analysis.
Both total suspended particulate filters and particle sizing filters
were analyzed for uranium-238» uranlum-234, thor1um-232, thorium-230,
thorium-228, radium-226, and occasionally radlum-228, by published
procedures (L184). The particle sizing filters were also analyzed for
polonlum-210 and lead-210.
3.2.5 Airborne Radon Measurements
Type F TRACK ETCHR detectors (supplied by Terradex Corporation,
Walnut Creek, CA) were used to measure the airborne radon concentration
1 meter abo\re the ground surface on and around the phosphogypsum stacks.
At each location to be measured, three detectors were mounted to the
Inside of an inverted 2-gallon plastic bucket that afforded protection
from the weather. The detectors were exposed for about four months, at
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which time they were retrieved and returned to the Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (for quality assurance purposes) who, 1n turn,
forwarded them to the Terradex Corporation for processing.
3.2.6 Gamma-ray Exposure Measurements
Gamma-ray exposure measurements were made 1 meter above the ground
surface using a Model 12S Ludlum Sdntlllometer. The hand-held Instrument
measures only the gamma-ray exposure, using a Nal(Tl) crystal, and reports
the pulse rate directly 1n yR/hr. Each day the sclntlllometers were
standardized using a pressurized lonlzatlon chamber (PIC).
3.2.7 Background Sample Collection and Measurements
All background samples and measurements were obtained using the same
equipment, procedures, and quality assurance as the source samples.
3.3. Sampling Program
3.3.1 General
Environmental sampling for radon flux, ambient airborne radon
concentrations, radlonucllde composition of phosphogypsum and airborne
partlculates, particle size distribution of airborne partlculates,
moisture content of surface gypsum, and gamma-ray exposures were performed
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between July 22, 1985 and July 18, 1986. Table 3.1 summarizes the
sampling conducted at each site during this period. A more detailed and
extensive monitoring study was conducted at the Gard1n1er and W.R. Grace
facilities. A detailed description of the monitoring program at each site
Is given below.
3.3.2 Sampling Program at the Gardinler Site
Large area charcoal canisters were placed at 10 locations along the
perimeter dike (see Figure 3-2). Locations were selected that would
provide a representative sample without Interfering with plant
operations. The canisters were exposed at each location for a 24-hour
period each week from 22 July 1985-4 February 1986, and thereafter for a
24-hour period monthly to June 24, 1986. Sampling was delayed when heavy
rain was expected during the 24-hour sampling period. Monitoring was
conducted as described In Section 3.2.1.
A surface gypsum sample was collected at each of the 10 canister
locations during the week of July 22, 1985. Samples were collected and
analyzed as described In Section 3.2.2.
Throughout the one-year monitoring study, as each charcoal canister
was retrieved, a sample of the surface gypsum was collected from the area
adjacent to the canister. These samples were returned to the laboratory
and measured for their moisture content. The methods of collection and
analysis are described In Section 3.2.3.
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Table 3.1 A summary of the monitoring program at
the five phosphogypsum sites
Total number of samples or measurements obtained
Radon Radon Airborne Particle
Site flux In air Gypsum partlculates size
Gardlnler 339(10) 31(12) 10(10) 59(2)
W.R. Grace 531(10) 32(13) 10(10) 40(2)
Royster 129(10) 8 (4) 10(10) 0
Conserv 129(10) 8 (4) 10(10) 0
Estech 130(10) 12 (5) 10(10) 0
Notes:
4(2)
4(2)
0
0
0
(1) The number of sampling locations are given 1n parenthesis.
Background measurements/ samples are not Included.
(2) Each radon In air measurement Includes 3 Track Etch detectors
(3) The number of soil moisture measurements equals the number of
flux measurements.
Gamma-ray
exposures
10(10)
10(10
10(10)
10(10)
10(10)
radon
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9
10
PHOSPHOGYPSUM
STACK
APPROXIMATE SCALE
0 1600 FEET
COOLING PONDS
11
GARDINIER
A CANISTER LOCATIONS
ALPHA TRACK DETECTOR LOCATIONS
. HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER LOCATIONS
12
Figure 3-2. Monitoring locations at Gardinier, Inc.
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The upwind and downwind locations chosen for sampling airborne
participates are shown 1n Figure 3-2. The upwind sampler was located
about 150 meters (500 feet) northeast of the stack at the lime treatment
station, and the downwind sampler was located about 180 meters (600 feet)
southwest of the stack. However, both samplers were moved midway through
the monitoring period due to excessive fugitive dust emissions from haul
road traffic. The northeast (upwind) sampler was relocated on August 26,
1985, to the top of the Inactive lime treatment station about 37 meters
south of the original location and positioned about 5 meters above ground
surface. The southwest (downwind) sampler was relocated on December 4,
1985, to a location 15 meters north of the original location and
positioned about 5.5 meters above the ground surface. The prevailing wind
direction In the vicinity of the site was determined by reviewing the
annual frequency distribution of wind directions derived from data
collected from 1967 to 1970 and 1973 to 1979 at nearby MacDIll A1r Force
Base. The prevailing wind direction 1n the vicinity of Gardlnler on an
annual basis 1s from the northeast. Airborne participate sampling began
on July 26, 1985, and was terminated on February 3, 1986, because 1t was
determined that the downwind sampler was collecting participates mainly
from the plant and not from the stack. The method of collection and the
analyses performed are described In Section 3.2.4.
Alpha track detectors were exposed at 12 locations on the Gardlnler
site (see Figure 3-2). Seven sampling locations were along the base
perimeter 1n the principal wind directions. Detectors were exposed at
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five additional locations In an easterly direction from the stack at about
one- and two- stack diameters from the stack centroid. Detectors were
exposed for about four-month cycles over the study period, resulting In
three measurement periods, 22 July 1985-4 December 1985; 2 December
1985-3 April 1986; and 2 April 1986-23 July 1986. The methods of
measurement are described 1n Section 3.2.5.
Gamma-ray exposure measurements were performed 1 meter above ground
-surface during the week of July 22, 1985, at the same stack locations
where surface phosphogypsum samples had been collected. Measurements were
made as described 1n Section 3.2.6.
3.3.3 Sampling Program at the H.R. Grace Site
Large area charcoal canisters were placed at 9 locations along the
perimeter dike and at one location on a cross dam near the center of the
stack (see Figure 3-3). Locations were selected that would provide a
representative sample without Interfering with plant operations. The
canisters were exposed at each location for a 24-hour period each week
throughout the monitoring study, 24 July 1985-15 July 1986. Sampling was
delayed when heavy rain was expected to occur during the 24-hour sampling
period. Near the end of the study, fifteen additional measurements were
made at the one- and two- stack diameter alpha-track detector locations.
Monitoring was conducted as described In Section 3.2.1.
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DOWNWIND
PHOSPHOGYPSUM STACK
(WITH INDIVIDUAL
OPERATING CELLS)
5* UPWIND 2
W.R. GRACE
CANISTER LOCATIONS
ALPHA TRACK DETECTOR LOCATIONS
HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER LOCATIONS
APPROXIMATE SCALE
0 2000 FEET
3
Figure 3-3. Monitoring locations at W.R. Grace's south stack.
3-15
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A surface gypsum sample was collected at each of the 10 canister
locations during the week of July 22, 1985. Samples were collected and
analyzed as described in Section 3.2.2.
Throughout the one-year monitoring study, as each charcoal canister
was retrieved, a sample of the surface gypsum was collected from the area
adjacent to the canister. These samples were returned to the laboratory
and measured for their moisture content. The methods of collection and
analysis are described in Section 3.2.3.
W.R, Grace was selected to replace Gardinier as the site for the
high-volume air particulate sampling location because the south stack at
the W.R. Grace site is totally isolated from the plant, eliminating the
problem of interference from plant and roadway dust that was so prevalent
at the Gardinier site. Also, an ideal upwind/downwind relationship was
established and power was readily available. The upwind and downwind
locations selected for sampling airborne particulates are shown in
Figure 3-3. The upwind sampler was located about 460 meters {1500 feet)
southeast of the stack and the downwind sampler was located about 115
meters (375 feet) northwest of the stack at the top of the lime treatment
station site. Meteorological data from both MacDill Air Force Base and
Orlando International Airport were used to determine the prevailing wind
direction from March 1986 through July 1986, the period air particulate
sampling was conducted at W.R. Grace. These data Indicated that the most
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probable wind direction at the site for this period was from the
southeast. Airborne participate sampling began at the W.R. Grace site on
March 7, 1986, and ended on July 17, 1986. The method of collection and
the analyses performed are described 1n Section 3.2.4.
Particle sizing samples were collected for four 24-hour periods at
the same locations as the high-volume samplers. Two samples were
collected at the upwind sampler location and two at the downwind sampler
location. Samples were collected for a 24-hour period beginning on
April 21, 1986, and July 17, 1986. The method of collection and the
analyses performed are described 1n Section 3.2.4.
Alpha track detectors were exposed at 13 locations on the W.R. Grace
site (see Figure 3-3). Five measurement locations were along the base
perimeter of the stack, one was near the center of the stack on a cross
dam, and seven were about one- and two-stack diameters from the stack
centrold. Detectors were exposed for about four-month cycles over the
study period 22 July 1985-23 July 1986, resulting 1n three measurement
periods: 22 July 1985-4 December 1985; 2 December 1985-3 April 1986; and
2 April 1986-23 July 1986. The methods of measurement are described 1n
Section 3.2.5.
Gamma-ray exposure measurements were performed 1 meter above the
ground surface during the week of July 22, 1985, at the same stack
locations where surface phosphogypsum samples had been collected. During
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the latter stages of the stucty, seven additional measurements were made at
the one- and two-stack diameter alpha-track detector locations.
Measurements were made as described 1n Section 3.2.6.
3.3.4 Sampling Program at the Royster Site
Large area charcoal canisters were placed at 10 locations along the
perimeter dike of the North Extension Stack (see Figure 3-4). Locations
were selected that would provide a representative sample without
Interfering with plant operations. The canisters were exposed at each
location for a 24-hour period each month throughout the monitoring study,
25 July 1985-1 July 1986. Sampling was delayed when heavy rain was
expected to occur during the 21-hour sampling period. Monitoring was
conducted as described In Section 3.2.1.
A surface gypsum sample was collected at each of the 10 charcoal
canister locations during the week of July 22, 1985. Samples were
collected and analyzed as described 1n Section 3.2.2.
Throughout the one-year monitoring study, as each charcoal canister
was retrieved, a sample of the surface gypsum was collected from the area
adjacent to the canister. These samples were returned to the laboratory
and measured for their moisture content. The methods of collection and
analysis are described In Section 3.2.3.
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ROYSTER
* CANISTER LOCATIONS
ALPHA TRACK DETECTOR LOCATIONS
APPROXIMATE SCALE
0 530 FEET
Figure 3-4. Monitoring locations at Royster Company.
-------
Alpha track detectors were exposed at four locations on the base
perimeter of the stack. Two measurement locations were at the west end of
the North Extension Stack and two were at the southeast side of the North
Stack (see Figure 3-4). Detectors were exposed for about four-month
cycles over the study period of 22 July 1985-23 July 1986, resulting 1n
three measurement periods: 22 July 1985-4 December 1985; 2 December
1985-3 April 1986; and 2 April 1986-23 July 1986. The methods of
measurement are described in Section 3.2.5.
Gamma-ray exposure measurements were performed 1 meter above the
ground surface during the week of July 22, 1985, at the same stack
locations where surface phosphogypsum samples had been collected.
Measurements were made as described 1n Section 3.2.6.
3.3.5 Sampling Program at the Conserv Site
Large area charcoal canisters were placed at 10 locations along the
perimeter dike of the West Stack at the Conserv facility (see Figure 3-5).
Locations were selected that would provide a representative sample without
Interfering with plant operations. The canisters were exposed at each
location for a 24-hour period each month throughout the monitoring study,
24 July 1985-8 July 1986. Sampling was delayed when heavy rain was
expected to occur during the 24-hour sampling period. Monitoring was
conducted as described in Section 3.2.1.
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APPROXIMATE SCALE
0 380 FEET
CONSERV
CANISTER LOCATIONS
ALPHA TRACK DETECTOR LOCATIONS
Figure 3-5. Monitoring locations at Conserv's west stack.
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A surface gypsum sample was collected at each of the 10 charcoal
canister locations during the week of July 22, 1985. Samples were
collected and analyzed as described In Section 3.2.2.
Throughout the one-year monitoring study, as each charcoal canister
was retrieved, a sample of the surface gypsum was collected from the area
adjacent to the canister. These samples were returned to the laboratory
and measured for their moisture content. The methods of collection and
analysis are described 1n Section 3.2.3.
Alpha track detectors were exposed at four locations on the base
perimeter of the West Stack (see Figure 3-5). Locations Included one each
along the east, west, south, and southeast sides of the stack. Detectors
were exposed for about four month cycles over the study period, 22 July
1985-23 July 1986, resulting in three measurement periods; 22 July
1985-4 December 1985; 2 December 1985-3 April 1986; and 2 April
1986-23 July 1986. The methods of measurement are described in
Section 3.2.5.
Gamma-ray exposure measurements were performed 1 meter above the
ground surface during the week of July 22, 1985, at the same stack
locations where surface phosphogypsum samples had been collected.
Measurements were made as described in Section 3.2.6.
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3.3.6 Sampling Program at the Estech Site
Large area charcoal canisters were placed at 10 locations randomly
distributed across the surface of the inactive stack (see Figure 3-6).
The canisters were exposed at each location for a 24-hour period each
month during the monitoring period, 25 July 1985-15 July 1986. Sampling
was delayed when heavy rain was expected to occur during the 24-hour
sampling period. Monitoring was conducted as described In Section 3.2.1.
A surface gypsum sample was collected at each of the 10 charcoal
canister locations during the week of July 22, 1985. Samples were
collected and analyzed as described in Section 3.2.2.
Throughout the one-year monitoring study, as each charcoal canister
was retrieved, a sample of the surface gypsum was collected from the area
adjacent to the canister. These samples were returned to the laboratory
and measured for their moisture content. The methods of collection and
analysis are described in Section 3.2.3.
Alpha track detectors were exposed at five locations on the stack;
four locations were selected on the base perimeter of the stack and one at
the center (see Figure 3-6). Detectors were exposed for about four-month
cycles over the study period, 22 July 1985-23 July 1986, resulting In
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COOLING
PONDS
PHOSPHOGYPSUM
STACK
ESTECH - INACTIVE STACK
A CANISTER LOCATIONS
ALPHA TRACK DETECTOR LOCATIONS
APPROXIMATE SCALE
0 800 FEET
Figure 3-6. Monitoring locations at Estech General Chemicals Corporation,
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three measurement periods; 22 July 1985-4 December 1985; 2 December
1985-3 April 1986; and 2 April 1986-23 July 1986. The methods of
measurement are described In Section 3.2.5.
Gamma-ray exposure measurements were performed 1 meter above the
ground surface during the week of July 22, 1985, at the same stack
locations where surface phosphogypsum samples had been collected.
Measurements were made as described 1n Section 3.2.6.
3.3.7 Background Sampling Program
All background samples and measurements were made using the same type
equipment, procedures, and quality assurance as the source samples (see
Sections 3.2 and 3.4). The background locations are shown 1n Figure 3-7.
Prefixes GB and PB refer to Gardlnler and Polk County background
locations. Background determinations for radon flux, radlonuclldes In
soil, and airborne radon concentrations were made at each location.
Airborne participate background measurements were made at location PB01T
1n Winter Haven, Florida.
Radon flux and soil moisture measurements. Thirteen radon flux
measurements were made approximately monthly at one location 1n
Winter Haven, Polk County, Florida, an area unrelated to the phosphate
Industry. Sixteen additional background radon flux measurements were made
periodically during the study period at four different locations 1n each
of Polk and Hlllsborough Counties, Florida. In January 1986, single radon
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MANATEE / COUNTY /". HABOEE COUNTY
I
Figure 3-7. Background monitoring locations.
-------
flux measurements were made at six locations In Montgomery County,
Alabama. A total of 35 background radon flux measurements were made
during the study period.
The moisture contents were determined for eleven soil samples
obtained during the study period at the monthly background radon flux
measurement site 1n Polk County, Florida. The soil for this measurement
was obtained directly adjacent to the charcoal canister at the completion
of the radon flux measurement.
Radlonucllde content of soil samples. Background soil samples were
collected on December 4, 1985, at all locations In central Florida that
were used for background radon flux measurements: five locations 1n
Polk County and four locations In Hlllsborough County. These locations
were unrelated to areas associated with the phosphate industry. The
background soil samples were collected in the same manner and analyzed for
the same radionuclldes as were the phosphogypsum samples.
Airborne participate and particle sizing samples. Background
airborne particulate samples were collected continuously during the study
period. The high-volume sampler was located at the monthly background
radon flux measurement site In Polk County, Florida. This location was
not Influenced by airborne particles originating from any phosphogypsum
stack. Filters were changed weekly and treated in the same manner as
those obtained near the phosphogypsum stacks (see Section 3.2.4).
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One particle sizing sample was collected as a background sample near
the end of the study period at the same site where the high-volume sampler
was located.
Airborne radon measurements. The radon concentration in above-ground
air was measured using three alpha track detectors at each of nine
locations that were judged to be outside the influence of the
phosphogypsum stacks (about 8 km from any stack). Five locations were
around the Polk County phosphogypsum stacks, and four locations surrounded
the Gardlnier stack In Hillsborough County. Detectors were exposed for a
period of four months, allowing three measurement periods during the
year-long study. During the first measurement period, detectors were lost
at two locations near the Gardinier stack giving a total of 25 background
measurements in the central Florida region.
Gamma-ray exposure measurements. Due to the low sensitivity of the
Ludlum scintlllometer, no background measurements were made. Background
measurements have been taken In Polk County by Polk County Health
Department personnel using a pressurized ionization chamber. These
measurements were taken outside the influence of the phosphate industry
and phosphogypsum stacks. These results will be described In a later
section of this report.
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3.4 Quality Assurance
The procedures utilized in this study to assure the quality of the
data generated are described in detail by PEI Associates, Inc. (PEI85b)
and the USEPA (EERF82). In general, the PEI procedures relate to the
field measurements and sampling, while the EERF procedures were
implemented to assure proper laboratory management and analyses of the
samples collected. Only a brief description of these procedures are given
below. The reader is directed to the two reports cited above If greater
detail is required.
3.4.1 Charcoal Canisters (LAACC)
A standard charcoal canister, specially prepared by the EPA
containing 0.0991 g of Ra-226 (112 nd), was counted daily to detect
changes in counting system performance (PEI85b, Ha85). A blank activated
charcoal canister, prepared from each new batch of charcoal received, was
also counted daily. Ten percent of the exposed charcoal canisters were
analyzed twice to detect leaking containers and check the reproduclblHty
of the counting technique.
3.4.2 Moisture Content of Phosphogypsum
Phosphogypsum samples were collected adjacent to the large-area
charcoal canisters at the completion of each 24-hour exposure period.
Requirements for the precision and accuracy of Test Method D2216 that was
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used to determine the moisture content has not been developed by ASTM,
however, at least 90 percent of all samples collected were required to
yield what were considered useable data.
3.4.3 High-Volume Airborne Particulate Samples
An initial flow rate was recorded at the beginning of each sampling
period when a new filter was installed. After five initial flow rates had
been recorded, the average of these values constituted the "established
initial average flow rate." (A control chart was maintained of the initial
flow rates.) If an initial flow rate exceeded +_ 20 percent of the
established initial average flow rate, corrective action was taken by the
operator.
After every six months of operation, the Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility provided the operator a replacement calibrated orifice
and magnehelics for installation on each sampler. At least 80 percent of
all samples collected were required to yield what were considered useable
data.
3.4.4 Particle Sizing Samples
Initial and final sampler flow rates were required to differ by less
than +_ 10 percent. Since only nine particle sizing samples were obtained,
all were required to yield useable data.
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3.4.5 Sample Representativeness and Comparability
A concerted effort was made to ensure that all sample measurements
were representative of the media and conditions being measured. Soil
samples for moisture determination were collected directly adjacent to the
charcoal canisters. Selection of the charcoal canister locations was
based on the EPA report, Radon Flux Measurements on Gardinier and Royster
Phosphogypsum Piles Near Tampa and Mulberry, Florida (Ha85). High volume
and particle sizing samplers were operated at flow rates recommended by
the manufacturer to ensure the collection of representative samples.
High-volume samplers were positioned using the nearest and most complete
meteorological data.
All results were reported in standard units appropriate to the
method. Soil moisture content was reported as percent moisture, radon
flux calculations were reported as picocuries per square meter-second
o
(pCi/m -s), high-volume and particle sizing sampler flow rates were
reported as actual cubic feet per minute (acfm), and alpha track
measurements for radon-222 were reported as tracks per square millimeter
(tracks/mm2) and also as picocuries of radon-222 per liter (pCi/L).
3.4.6 Sampling Procedures
Sampling procedures for the collection of phosphogypsum samples and
for the use of charcoal canisters, alpha track detectors, high-volume
samplers, high-volume particle sizing samplers, and the scintillometer are
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discussed In detail 1n Section 3.2. During the monitoring study, the Polk
County Health Department maintained log books of field activities. Log
books Include all applicable Information associated with sample
collections and measurements. The following table lists Information
obtained.
Charcoal HI-Vol Alpha-Track <3ypsum
Information Canisters Samplers Detectors Sdntillometer Samples
Site
Name of Stack
Sample Location
Instrument/
Sampler ID
Sample ID
Date and Time
of Collection
Date and Time
On and Off
Observations/
Comments
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3.4.7 Sample Custody
Strict custodial control of all samples collected In the field was
maintained at all times in accordance with the chain-of-custody field
procedures detailed 1n Section 2, Appendix 2 of the PEI Associates, Inc.
Quality Assurance Project Plan for this study (PEI85b). A control record
documents all custody changes that occurred between the field and
laboratory personnel. Once samples had been received at the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility, EERF SOP No. 6 (EERF82) procedures were
followed.
3-32
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3.4.8 Calibration Procedures and Frequency
Equipment that required calibration for this study Includes the
high-volume samplers, high-volume particle sizing samplers, large-area
activated charcoal canisters and the associated radioactivity counting
equipment, and the sclntlllometers.
High-Volume Samplers. High-volume samplers were calibrated at the
EPA-EERF A1r Calibration Facility in Montgomery, Alabama, using a Roots
Meter. The orifice and magnehelic pressure gauge was calibrated as a unit
at five flow rates over the range of 15 to 40 m3/hr. Calibration data
were recorded and a calibration curve plotted as m3/hr versus pressure
(in. of H20). Calibration data were collected at least semiannually, or
whenever a weekly reading indicated a problem, i.e., when an initial flow
rate exceeded +_ 20 percent of the established initial average flow rate.
High-Volume Particle Sizing Samplers. High-volume samplers equipped
with Andersen particle sizing heads were calibrated at the EPA-EERF Air
Calibration Facility using a Roots Meter. The calibration was conducted
as described above for the high-volume samplers. However, the particle
sizing samplers were calibrated to operate at 20 cfm using a variable
voltage transformer, and the timers were calibrated using a stopwatch.
3-33
-------
Large Area Activated Charcoal Canisters (LAACC). A detailed
description of the calibration and assay procedures for these charcoal
canisters is given in Appendix 1 of the PEI Associates Quality Assurance
Project Plan (PEI85b). In brief, the radioactivity of two standard
charcoal sources, each containing 112 nC1 of radium-226 uniformity
distributed through 180 g of activated charcoal, was measured. An
efficiency factor was then computed by dividing the average measured
radioactivity of the two standard charcoal sources minus the background in
cpra by the known radioactivity of the charcoal sources 1n dpm.
Quantitative retention of all radon entering the canister is assumed. The
same two 112 nCI charcoal sources were counted at the beginning and at the
end of each day's counting as a check of the radioactivity counting
equipment. A background count using unexposed charcoal is made at the
beginning and at the end of each counting day to check for inadvertent
contamination of the detector or other changes affecting the background.
Scintmometer. The sclntillometer was calibrated and checked for
accuracy each day by using a pressurized lonization chamber (PIC).
3.4.9 Analytical Procedures
The Polk County Health Department was responsible for measuring the
gamma-ray activity of the charcoal canisters and for determining the
moisture content of collected phosphogypsum samples. The gamma-ray
analyses of the charcoal canisters were performed according to the
3-34
-------
detailed procedures given in Appendix 1 of the PEI Associates Quality
Assurance Project Plan (PEI855). Moisture content of the phosphogypsum
samples were determined by the ASTM D2216-80 Method, Laboratory
Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil, Rock, and
Soil-Aggregate Mixtures.
All samples subjected to radiochemlcal analyses were sent to the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, EPA, Montgomery, Alabama. All
samples were analyzed according to the EERF Radiochemistry Procedures
Manual (L184).
3.4.10 Internal Quality Control Checks and Frequency
Internal quality control checks were conducted on the following
measurements: radon flux, soil moisture, radon In air (alpha-track
detectors), and radlonuclide analyses.
The charcoal from every tenth exposed canister was recounted as were
samples that deviated from a predetermined pattern of counts. Five
percent of the samples analyzed were either blanks (charcoal having no
radioactivity added) or samples spiked with known quantities of
radium-226. Also, five percent of the samples collected were replicates.
Replicate samples were collected either by placing canisters side by side,
or by making successive measurements on the exact same location.
3-35
-------
Every tenth phosphogypsum sample analyzed for moisture content was
subjected to a duplicate analysis. Every tenth sample analyzed for its
radionucllde content was also resubmitted for a duplicate analysis. Blank
samples (samples of the same matrix but containing no added radioactivity)
were periodically submitted to the analytical laboratory. Spiked samples
(samples of the same matrix containing a known radionucllde content)
comprised ten percent of the analyses performed.
After exposure, all alpha track detectors were returned to the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility. There, detectors that had been
exposed to known radon-222 concentrations were integrated into each batch
of samples and then forwarded to the Terradex Corporation for analyses.
3.4.11 Data Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness
The precision, accuracy, and percent of completeness of measurements
and analyses are tabulated below.
n , Precision Accuracy Completeness
Parameter (Percent) (Percent)
Radon Flux
Moisture Content
Alpha-Track Detectors
Gamma-Ray Exposures
Radlochemlcal Analyses
U-238/U-234
Th-230
Ra-226
Pb-210/Po-210
I0(a)
20
50
10 at
30 uR/hr
25/25
25
25
ND/25
lO^a)
ND
25 at
4 pCI/L
15 at
30 uR/hr
8/8
10
* V
8
ND/ND
99
99
tfi*
88
100
100
01
J A
94
100
. pm-s.
ND-Not determined.
3-36
-------
4. RESULTS
4.1 Radon-222 Flux
The results of all 1239 radon-222 flux measurements made on the dry
top surface areas of the five phosphogypsum stacks during the year-long
study are listed in Appendix A. The annual average flux determined for
each of the ten measurement locations on the phosphogypsum stacks are
given in Table 4.1. The standard deviation, the range of values observed,
and the number of measurements made at each location are included in the
table. Large variations between individual measurements, often exceeding
factors of 100, are observed over the 12-month period at each location on
the active stacks (see minimum-maximum values). Variation with time is
expected due to differences in gypsum moisture content, temperature, and
barometric pressure {St84, Ga86); however, because gypsum was continually
added to the surfaces of the active stacks between measurements, the
Ra-226 content of the surface gypsum, as well as, the density and porosity
of the gypsum were also different in most cases for each measurement.
The results given in Table 4.1 are summarized in Table 4.2. The
differences in the mean flux values at the ten locations are small, as
reflected by relatively small standard deviations that ranged from 14
percent at the Royster stack to 48 percent at the Conserv stack. The
larger standard deviations of the mean flux values determined for the
4-1
-------
Conserv stack (48 percent) and the W.R. Grace stack (38 percent) can be
attributed to one measurement location on each stack, C06 and GR06,
respectively. The last column of Table 4.2 shows that the annual average
flux values for the different locations on a stack fall within a rather
narrow range. Again, the larger range of values observed for the
locations on the Conserv and W.R. Grace stacks are due largely to the
results at one location. Generally, the annual average flux values at
different locations on a stack were well within a factor of two.
The annual average flux at the ten locations on the Estech stack is
about 4.5 times less than the average flux of the four active stacks, 4.4
o
and 20.5 pCi/m -s, respectively. This observation agrees with an
earlier reported reduction in radon-222 flux of four between active and
inactive stacks (Ha85). This reduction is the result of a thick crust
that forms on inactive stacks that inhibits the diffusion of radon gas
from the stack surface. However, the annual average flux values for the
four active stacks are similar, all falling within 20 percent of the mean
value. This would indicate that the Florida phosphogypsum stacks are of
similar composition and properties.
The large range observed in the measured values of radon flux at an
active site with time is not surprising considering that most parameters
that affect radon emanation, radium content, moisture content, density,
porosity, temperature, and pressure, changed to some degree from one
sampling period to the next. A comparison of the average radon-222 flux
4-2
-------
Table 4.1 The average radon flux at each location
on the phosphogypsum stacks
* \
Location13'
G01
G02
G03
G04
G05
G06
G07
G08
G09
G10
Arithmetic
Mean
21
20
18
18
18
27
20
15
16
26
Standard
Deviation
Gardinier
13
14
12
11
9
19
12
11
8
21
Radon Flux,
Minimum
Value
Stack
0.64
2.5
1.0
0.31
1.8
1.2
0.19
1.3
2.9
1.7
pCi/m - sec
Maximum
Value
63
63
57
54
44
75
54
39
39
99
Number
of Values
34
33
34
33
34
34
33
33
34
34
W.R. Grace Stack
GR01
GR02
GR03
GR04
GR05
GR06
GR07
GR08
GR09
GRID
R01
R02
R03
R04
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
RIO
21
11
15
17
22
5
23
13
14
17
22
24
19
18
17
24
24
27
20
20
14
5
6
7
8
5
29
6
10
12
Royster
15
21
19
13
8
13
16
18
8
12
1.1
2.1
3.5
4.8
7.6
0.22
2.8
0.27
1.8
0.26
Stack
0.59
1.7
1.7
2.6
3.2
3.5
5.9
8.4
8.1
3.0
65
23
35
39
43
22
210
32
65
54
42
81
61
42
37
44
50
67
38
41
52
52
51
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
11
12
4-3
-------
Table 4.1 The average radon flux at each location
on the phosphogypsum stacks - Continued
2
Radon Flux, pCi/m - sec
(a)
Location
C01
C02
C03
C04
COS
C06
C07
COS
C09
CIO
E01
E02
£03
E04
EOS
E06
E07
EOS
E09
E10
Arithmetic
Mean
18
22
19
20
20
58
29
19
21
25
4.0
4.5
1.7
5.5
5.2
4.1
3.7
3.2
7.4
4.6
Standard
Deviation
Conserv
7
15
12
10
10
100
12
3
9
18
Estech
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.3
2.3
1.1
1.6
1.2
3.8
3.4
Minimum
Value
Stack
9.9
2.7
2.4
7.5
4.5
3.9
15.
5.8
5.8
11.
Stack
0.67
2.3
0.57
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.0
1.2
1.8
1.2
Maximum
Value
33
61
46
41
33
340
59
31
35
82
5.4
7.0
6.0
9.4
8.7
5.8
7.9
5.5
14.1
14.5
Number
Oi Values
13
13
13
15
12
13
13
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
Section 3.3 for a description of the sampling locations.
4-4
-------
Table 4.2 The annual average radon flux on each phosphogypsum stack
2
Radon Flux pCi/m - sec
Stack*a) Mean(b) Range*c
Gardinier 20+4 15-27
W.R. Grace 16 T 6 5-23
Royster 21+3 17-27
Conserv 25 * 12 18 - 58
Estech 4.4 T 1.5 1.7 - 7.4
stacks were active except the Estech stack.
*b'+ values are the standard deviations of the means.
^c'Range of mean annual flux values determined for the 10 locations on
the stacks.
measured at the 10 locations on each stack for each period shows a
significant variation of radon-222 flux over the surface of a stack with
time, but there is no apparent regular or consistent variation with time
(see Appendix F). Neither is there an apparent seasonal variation related
to rainfall or temperature. However, any seasonal variation may have been
obscured by the changing source terms and other parameters that resulted
from the addition of phosphogypsum to the stack surfaces between
measurements.
Variations between individual flux measurements do not appear as
large on the inactive Estech stack where the stack surface was undisturbed
during the year-long measurement period. However, no definite correlation
1s observed when the moisture content (Table 4.3) is compared with the
corresponding radon flux (Table 4.1) for this stack.
4-5
-------
In summary, annual average radon emissions were determined for the
five phosphogypsum stacks studied. The locations selected for measurement
were representative of dry gypsum on the stack top surface, but may
over-estimate the average flux of the stack because no consideration was
made for the crusted sides. Also, the average flux on the inactive
phosphogypsum stack was significantly lower, about 4.5 times, than that
measured on the active stacks. However, the uncontrolled nature of the
many variables that affect radon flux prevented a determination of their
influence on the results.
Table 4.3 The average moisture content of the phosphogypsum
at each location on the Estech stack
Percent Moisture Content
Location
E01
E02
E03
E04
E05
E06
E07
EOS
E09
E10
All locations
Arithmetic
Mean
11
12
20
10
14
11
12
12
14
7
12
Standard
Deviation
2
3
6
6
4
4
3
2
1
6
5
Minimum
Value
8.4
7.0
8.3
3.8
8.3
2.9
5.3
7.8
12.7
0.3
0.3
Maximum
Value
13.9
19.2
35.9
27.6
21.1
16.6
15.2
15.6
17.3
20.7
35.9
Number
of Values
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
130
4-6
-------
4.2 Radionuclide Content of Phosphogypsum
The radium-226 concentrations measured in ten phosphogypsum samples
collected from each of the five stacks are listed in Table 4.4. Samples
were obtained at the same ten locations where radon flux measurements were
performed. Phosphogypsum samples were collected only once, at the
beginning of the study (see Section 3.3). Because phosphogypsum was
continually added to the active stacks during the year-long study, these
concentrations relate only to the surface phosphogypsum at the time of
collection. However, these data are useful in obtaining information on
the radionuclide content of phosphogypsum and how concentrations may vary
over the surface of a stack and from one stack to another.
In general, the radium-226 concentrations in the phosphogypsum
samples from all stacks were similar. Of the 50 samples analyzed, 41 (82
percent) contained Ra-226 in the range of 20 pCi/g to 40 pCi/g. Six
samples had concentrations exceeding 40 pCi/g while only three samples
contained less than 20 pCi/g. Fifty-six percent of the samples contained
Ra-226 in the range of 25 pCi/g to 35 pCi/g. Except for samples on the
Gardinier stack in which the concentrations were very uniform, 31.0 pCI/g
to 36.5 pCi/g, concentrations varied on a stack by factors of two to three.
4-7
-------
Table 4.4 Radium-226 in phosphogypsum samples
Site/Location
Gardinier/GOl
Gardinier/G02
Gardin1er/G03
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G05
Gardin1er/G06
Gardinier/G07
Gardinier/G08
Gardim'er/G09
Gardinier/GlO
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR03
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR05
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR09
Grace/GRlO
Royster/ROl
Royster/R02
Royster/R03
Royster/R04
Royster/R05
Royster/R06
Royster/R07
Royster/R08
Royster/R09
Royster/RlO
Conserv/COl
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C03
Conserv/C04
Conserv/C05
Conserv/C06
Conserv/C07
Conserv/C08
Conserv/C09
Conserv/CIO
Date of Collection
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
Ra-226, pCi/g dry weight
33 8
*J W \J
31.4
33.3
33.9
31.0
36.5
32.4
33.3
31.2
32.2
26.4
26.7
45 6
* w W
19 4
A i/ ~
48.2
28.9
30.5
28.3
22.6
27.6
23.0
21.0
47.9
33.4
31.1
49.2
22.9
27.1
15.8
31.6
22.5
24.7
24.0
23.6
28.9
81.1
47.9
35.1
26.9
70. a.
4-8
-------
Table 4.4 Radium-226 in phosphogypsum samples - Continued
Site/Location
Estech/EOl
Estech/E02
Estech/E03
Estech/E04
Estech/E05
Estech/E06
Estech/E07
Es tech/ £08
Estech/E09
Estech/ElO
Date of Collection
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
Ra-226, pC1/g dry weight
26.1
24.3
25.1
18.8
30.3
26.4
23.6
22.1
21.5
30.8
The radium-226 concentrations determined in phosphogypsum
samples from each stack are summarized in Table 4.5. The mean Ra-226
concentrations for each stack is given with the standard deviation of the
mean. The range of concentrations are listed in the last column. Except
for a few values, these data reflect uniform concentrations over a stack
and from one active stack to another. The average concentrations of
Ra-226 on the active stacks all fall within a small range, 30 to
34 pCi/g. The average concentration of the Inactive Estech stack 1s
somewhat lower, 25H pCi/g. The mean Ra-226 concentration of all four
active stacks Is 32+2 pCi/g.
A composite phosphogypsum sample was prepared from the ten samples
collected on each stack and analyzed for the naturally occurring
radionuclides. The results of these analyses are listed in Table 4.6.
4-9
-------
Background concentrations, listed on the bottom line of the table, are the
average concentrations of the nine soil samples listed in Appendix C that
had been collected in areas of Florida that were unrelated to the
phosphate industry (see Section 3.3.7).
A comparison of the Ra-226 concentrations determined in the composite
samples (Table 4.6) with the mean concentrations determined for the
individual samples (Table 4.5) shows close agreement for the Conserv,
Gardinier, and W.R. Grace samples. Concentrations in the Estech and
Royster samples differed significantly, by 47 percent and 30 percent,
respectively. As it is very difficult to ensure homogeneity of solid
mixtures, an explanation of these differences may be that the samples from
the Estech and Royster stacks were not uniformly mixed in the composite
samples.
Table 4.5 A summary of the radium-226 concentrations
in phosphogypsum samples
Stack
Gardinier
W.R. Grace
Royster
Conserv
Estech
pCi/g dry
Mean(a)
33+2
30+9
30 T 11
34 T 18
25 T 4
Range
31 - 37
19 - 48
16 - 49
23 - 81
19 - 31
(a'Mean concentration with the standard deviation of samples from the 10
locations.
4-10
-------
Table 4.6 Radioactivity in composite phosphogypsum samples
Concentration,
Location
Conserv
Estech
Gardinier
Grace
Royster
Background^
Ra-226
33.2
17.4
32.7
29.7
22.6
0.5
U-234
2.7
2.3
4.9
3.6
2.9
0.3
U-238
3.1
2.4
5.2
2.7
2.5
0.3
pCi/g dry
Th-230
4.2
4.9
6.7
6.5
3.1
0.3
weight
Po-210
28.0
21.9
26.6
27.7
29.4
0.5
um
Pb-210
34.3
32.6
38.2
37.1
38.7
0.7
Appendix C.
Notes: (1) The average 2a uncertainties (percent) associated with these
concentrations are: Ra-226 (1.3), U-234 (16), U-238 (16), Th-230
(12), Po-210 (9.5), Pb-210 (20).
(2) The concentrations of Ra-228, Th-227, Th-228, and Th-232 were
small and insignificant (less than 1 pCi/g) in all samples.
The radionuclide content of composite samples from the different
stacks varied by factors of two or less. Some variation may be attributed
to the inhomogeneous composition of the composite sample and, in some
cases, to large uncertainties in the analytical results.
These data also show a considerable fractionation of radionuclides
occurring during the chemical process of producing phosphoric acid from
the phosphate rock. It has been reported that about 80 percent of the
Ra-226 follows the phosphogypsum while about 86 percent of the uranium and
4-11
-------
70 percent of the thorium are found in the phosphoric acid (Gu75). Thus,
the Ra-226/U-238 and Th-230/U-238 activity ratios should be about 5.7 and
2.1, respectively, if, as reported (Gu75), secular equilibrium exists in
the phosphate rock prior to chemical treatment. These data indicate
similar but somewhat different ratios. The average activity ratios of the
major radionuclides in the composite phosphogypsum samples are as follows.
Ra-226/U-238 =9.2 Pb-210/Ra-226 = 1.4
Th-230/U-238 = 1.7 Po-210/Pb-210 = 0.74
Pb-210/U-238 = 12 U-234/U-238 = 1.1
The average concentrations of the principal radionuclides measured in
the composite phosphogypsum samples from the four active stacks are listed
in Table 4.7. Included in the table are the radionuclide concentrations
measured in the composite sample from the Estech stack and, for
comparison, the average concentrations measured in the background soil
samples. The radionuclide concentrations in the phosphogypsum exceeded by
many times the background concentrations. Uranium concentrations exceed
background by about 11 times, thorium by 17 times, and radium by 60
times. Although these concentrations are many times background, they are
less than those associated with uranium mill tailings by a factor of a
hundred or more (EPA86).
4-12
-------
Table 4.7 Average concentrations of the major radionuclides
in the composite phosphogypsum samples
Samples
Concentrations, pCi/g dry weight
Ra-226 U-234 U-238 Th-230 Po-210 Pb-210
Active stacks 30 +_ 5 3.5^1.0 3.4^1.2 5.1^1.8 28 ± 1 37^2
Estech stack 17 2.3 2.4 4.9 22 33
Background soil 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7
Note - + values are the standard deviations of the mean.
4.3 Airborne Radioactive Particulate Concentrations and Particle Size
4.3.1 General
To determine the significance of radioactive particles in air from
phosphogypsum stacks, airborne particulate concentration and particle size
measurements were made in the vicinity of two phosphogypsum stacks. Also,
weekly background samples were collected continuously over a 12-month
period in Winter Haven, Polk County, Florida, where no phosphate rock
exists. The sampling methods are explained in Section 3.2.4.
4.3.2 High-Volume Samples
Airborne particulate samples were initially collected in downwind and
upwind directions of the Gardinier stack using High Volume air samplers
(see Section 3.3.2). However, after a six-month sampling period this
4-13
-------
location was abandoned because most of the dust that was collected had
originated from nearby haul roads or the phosphate plant and was not
related to fugitive dust from the stack. Although it is not possible to
interpret the results obtained for these samples with respect to air
particu'iates from the phosphogypsum stack, they are included in
Appendix B, Tables B.7 to B.10.
The High Volume air samplers were relocated in March 1986 to the
W.R. Grace south stack in Bartow, Florida. The samplers were positioned
460 m southeast (upwind) and 115 m northwest (downwind) from the stack
edge and were operated continuously for a four month period (see
Section 3.3.3). Filters, replaced weekly, were combined into monthly
samples and analyzed for their natural radionuclide content.
The results of the radionuclide analyses of the airborne particulate
samples collected at the W.R. Grace site are presented in Appendix B,
Tables B.3 to B.6. The results of the radionuclide analyses of the
background samples collected in Winter Haven, Florida, are given in
Appendix B, Tables B.I and B.2. The gross concentrations of the four
principal radionuclides measured in the airborne particulate samples are
listed in Table 4.8 along with the mass of material collected and the
total air volume sampled during each monthly period. In order to correct
4-14
-------
these concentrations for the background contributions, the gross
concentrations are converted to specific concentrations by using the
eauatlon given 1n footnote (d) of Table 4.8. The specific radfonuclide
concentrations are listed In the last four columns of Table 4.8. The net
airborne radionuclide concentrations, listed in Table 4.9, were computed
by subtracting the background contributions, Table 4.8, and converting the
q
net specific activities to concentrations in terms of pC1/nr using the
equation given in footnote (c) of Table 4.9. The concentrations of Po-210
and Pb-210 were not measured in the high-volume air samples because the
filters were ashed prior to the analyses.
The airborne radionuclide concentrations are all quite small, in the
range of a few hundred attocurles per cubic meter, and only about three
times the measured background concentrations. In general, the average
monthly concentrations varied by less than a factor of three during the
four-month sampling period.
The concentration of radfonuclides fn the airborne partieulates
collected at the northwest location averaged 50 to 70 percent higher
than those collected at the southeast location (see the average net
concentrations listed at the bottom of Table 4.9). Higher concentrations
at the northwest location might be expected because the sampler at that
4-15
-------
Table 4.8 Specific radionuclide concentrations in air samples
collected at the W.R. Grace stack and a background site
Sampling
Period
3/07-3/31/86
3/03-3/31/86
3/31-4/28/86
3/31-4/28/86
3/31-4/28/86
4/28-5/27/86
f 4/28-5/27/86
5J 4/28-5/27/86
5/27-6/23/86
5/27-6/23/86
5/27-6/23/86
6/23-7/17/86
6/23-7/17/86
6/23-7/17/86
Location (fl)
SE
BKG
SE
NW
BKG
SE
NW
BKG
SE
NW
BKG
SE
NW
BKG
Volume
Sampled
29,100
35,400
31,400
31,100
32,700
32,800
26,100
35,300
27,000
31,000
33,300
29,000
27,600
22,500
Net Mass/M
Collected1 ' Gross
(gms)
0.2651
0.2421
0.4106
0.5196
0.3875
0.4381
0.4599
0.4162
0,2333
0.3081
0.1898
0.4520
0.4661
0.3432
Th-230
1.32E-4
2.39E-5
1.46E-4
2.61E-4
3.67E-5
1.62E-4
2.70E-4
3.53E-5
1.51E-4
1.22E-4
2.99E-5
1.73E-4
1.60E-4
5.16E-5
Concentrations, pC1/m
U-234
1.24E-4
1.96E-5
1.57E-4
2.52E-4
4.20E-5
1.92E-4
2.74E-4
3.18E-5
1.19E-4
1.45E-4
2.71E-5
1.38E-4
1.52E-4
1.88E-5
Ra-226
1.54E-4
2.60E-5
1.66E-4
2.87E-4
5.81E-5
2.26E-4
2.49E-4
4.82E-5
1.30E-4
3.90E-4
6.10E-5
2.10E-4
1.90E-4
7.90E-5
U-238
1.20E-4
1.76E-5
1.40E-4
2.46E-4
5.44E-5
1.89E-4
2.64E-4
2.92E-5
1.13E-4
1.33E-4
2.31E-5
1.38E-4
1.57E-4
3.45E-5
Specific Concentrations,
Th-230
14.49
3.49
11.17
15.62
3.10
12.13
15.32
2.99
17.48
12.28
5.25
11.10
9.47
3.38
U-234
13.61
2.87
12.01
15.08
3.54
14.37
15.55
2.70
13.77
14.59
4.75
8.85
9.00
1.23
Ra-226
16.90
3.80
12.69
17.18
4.90
16.92
14.13
4.09
15.04
39.24
10.70
13.47
11.25
5.18
Pd/g{d)
U-238
13.17
2.57
10.71
14.72
4.56
14.15
14.76
2.46
13.08
13.08
4.05
8.85
9.30
2.26
'a'High volume air samplers were located 460 m southeast (SE) of the stack, 115 m northwest (NW) of the stack, and at a
background location (BKG) in Winter Haven, Florida.
(b)
Net mass collected = total mass - filter ash mass (0.09336 g per 4 filters)
^'Concentrations from Appendix B - Tables B.I (Background), B.3 (SE corner), and B.4 (NW corner).
(Volume sampled, m3}
(Net mass on filter, g)
-------
Table 4.9 Net radionuclide concentrations in air at the VI.R. Grace stack
Sampl i ng
Period Lo
3/07-3/31/86
3/31-4/28/86
3/31-4/28/86
4/28-5/27/86
4/28-5/27/86
5/27-6/23/86
5/27-6/23/86
6/23-7/17/86
6/23-7/17/86
Average Met
Concentrations
(a)High volume
(b)Net pCi/g =
(c^Net pCi/m3 =
Net Specific Concentrations, pCi/g
cation1 a) Th-230
SE
SE
NW
SE
NW
SE
NW
SE
NW
SE
NW
air samplers
(gross pCi/g
(net pCi/g)
11.00
8.07
12.52
9.14
12.33
12.23
7.03
7.72
6.09
were
- bkg
U-234
10.74
8.47
11.54
11.67
12.85
9.02
9.84
7.62
7.77
located 460
pCi/g)
(net mass on fll
Ra-226 U-238
13
7
12
12
10
4
28
8
6
.10
.79
.28
.83
.04
.34
.54
.29
.07
m southeast (SE)
ter, g)
10.60
6.15
10.16
11.69
12.30
9.03
9.03
6.59
7.04
and 115 m
Net Airborne Parti cul ate Concentrations, pCi/m
Th-230
1.
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
6.
1.
1.
1.
1.
OOE-4
06E-4
09E-4
22E-4
17E-4
06E-4
99E-5
20E-4
03E-4
1E-4
5E-4
northwest (NW)
U-234
9.78E-5
1.11E-4
1.93E-4
1.56E-4
2.26E-4
7.79E-5
9.78E-5
1.19E-4
1.31E-4
1.1E-4
1.6E-4
Ra-226
1.19E-4
1.02E-4
2.05E-4
1.71E-4
1.77E-4
3.75E-5
2.84E-4
1.29E-4
1.03E-4
1.1E-4
1.9E-4
U-238
9.66E-5
8.04E-5
1.70E-4
1.56E-4
2.17E-4
7.80E-5
8.97E-5
1.03E-4
1.19E-4
l.OE-4
1.5E-4
of the stack.
(volume sampled,
-------
location was much closer to the stack, 115 m versus 460 m, and It was in a
predominantly downwind direction from the phosphogypsum stack. However,
the source of a large proportion of the material collected by the
High-Volume samplers appears to be other than the phosphogypsum stack.
The ratios of the radionuclide concentrations collected from the air do
not reflect phosphogypsum. For example, the Ra-226/U-238 concentration
ratio measured in the composite phosphogypsum sample from the W.R. Grace
stack was 11 (see Table 4.6), which is much larger than the same ratio of
concentrations observed in the airborne particulate samples, less than 2
(see Table 4.9). The same observation is made concerning the Th-230/U-238
concentration ratios. This agrees with the observation that although
by-product material on the phosphogypsum stack is over 50 percent sulfate,
particles collected only a few hundred meters from the stack generally
contain less than 10 percent sulfate (Ni88). Thus, a significant amount
of the material collected by the air samplers was from a source other than
the phosphogypsum stack, illustrating the extreme difficulty of relating
airborne samples collected at a predetermined location to a particular
source over a long period of time.
4.3.3 Particle Size of Airborne Samples
The size of airborne radioactive particles 1s an Important factor
that must be considered when estimating the potential radiation dose
equivalent due to inhalation of partlculates. Particle size measurements
were made as described 1n Section 3.2.4. Sampling was Initially conducted
4-18
-------
at the Gardinier stack (see Appendix B, Tables B.22 to B.29), but was
terminated there and relocated at the W.R. Grace stack for the same
reasons as given above for the High-Volume sampling.
At the W.R. Grace stack, 24-hour particle size samples were collected
twice (4/21/86 and 7/17/86) at each of the two High-Volume sampler
locations, 460 m southeast and 115 m northwest of the stack. The
particles were separated Into 5 ranges of size, and the material collected
In each range was analyzed separately for Its radlonucllde content. The
results of these measurements are given 1n Appendix B, Tables B.13 to
B.16. One background particle sizing sample was collected at the
background location 1n Winter Haven, Florida, and the results of this
sample are given In Appendix B, Table B.ll.
Blank filters for each stage were analyzed for their radlonucllde
content and the results are listed in Appendix B, Table B.21. Subtracting
these concentrations from the gross concentrations yielded the net
radlonucllde concentrations for each stage of the four samples that are
listed 1n Appendix B, Tables B.17 to B.20. The quantities of airborne
material collected In each stage were very small, leading to large
uncertainties In the results. The concentrations in the blank filters
often exceeded the sample concentrations resulting In many less-than
values. This was particularly true of the backup filter, which collected
all particles having diameters of < 1.1 urn.
4-19
-------
The concentrations of the principal radlonuclides associated with
each of the 5 particle size ranges are listed 1n Table 4.10. The total
concentrations for all particle size ranges are listed in the last
column. In this summation, less-than values were assumed equal to the
concentrations. Thus, most total concentrations listed In this column are
maximum values. These uncertainties limit the usefulness of the particle
size data. The concentration of most radlonuclides observed in the
particle size samples collected at the W.R. Grace stack are not
significantly greater than those measured 1n the background samples listed
last 1n Table 4.10. For example, the average Po-210 concentration, 8.4E-3
o
pC1/m , 1s the same as the concentration measured 1n the background
sample, 9.5E-3 pCI/m , considering the 18 percent uncertainty in these
values.
The percent of the radlonuclldes appearing 1n each particle size
range 1s given 1n Table 4.11. Only the sets of data having positive
values for all five particle size ranges were used to determine the
percentages. These samples are Identified by asterisks 1n Table 4.10. In
the second column of Table 4.11 are listed the number of samples for which
concentration values were positive for all particle size ranges. Due to
the small sample number, no distinction Is made between sampling location
nor sampling time 1n computing these average percentages.
The particle size distribution associated with Po-210 is different
than that of the other three radlonuclides. Very little Po-210 Is
associated with the larger sized particles and nearly all (about 80
4-20
-------
Table 4.10 Radionucllde concentrations 1n participates
of different particle sizes,
Particle Size Ranges, urn
Radionuclide > 7
Ra-226
U-234
U-238
Th-230
Pb-210
Po-210*
Ra-226
U-234
U-238*
Th-230
Pb-210
Po-210*
Ra-226
U-234
U-238*
Th-230*
Pb-210
Po-210*
Ra-226*
U-234
U-238
Th-230
Pb-210
Po-210*
NA
2.3E-4
7. OE-5
1.4E-4
< 3E-3
3.2E-4
8.6E-5
2. OE-4
2.6E-4
8.7E-5
< 3E-3
2.4E-4
NA
1.9E-4
2.7E-4
2.3E-4
< 3E-3
3.1E-4
2.1E-4
8.5E-5
1.4E-4
7.2E-5
< 1E-3
2.1E-4
3.3-7.0 2.0-3.3
Southeast Corner,
NA 2.1E-4
< 1E-4 < 8E-5
1.5E-4 3.2E-5
< 6E-5 1.4E-5
< 2E-3 < 3E-3
1.9E-4 2. OE-4
Southeast Corner,
1.2E-4 8.6E-5
< 1E-4 3.2E-5
7. OE-5 6.2E-5
< 1E-4 8.7E-5
< 3E-3 4.1E-4
2.7E-4 3.1E-4
Northwest Corner,
NA NA
< 2E-4 9.7E-5
1.4E-4 1.1E-4
9.6E-5 6.5E-5
< 3E-3 4.6E-3
1.7E-4 3.9E-4
Northwest Corner,
2.4E-4 8.3E-5
3.7E-5 1.8E-6
6.6E-5 1.9E-5
< 9E-5 2.7E-5
< 3E-3 4.5E-3
2.4E-4 1.7E-4
1.1-2.0
4/21/86
NA
< 9E-5
8.1E-5
5.6E-5
< 3E-3
4.9E-4
4/21/86(c>
NA
< 9E-5
1.5E-4
5.8E-5
1.9E-4
4.7E-4
7/17/86 3.3E-4
< 9.5E-4
< 5.5E-4
< 5.7E-4
'< 2.7E-2
4.4E-3
> 5.6E-4
< 4.4E-4
5.5E-4
< 6.3E-4
< 2.3E-2
7.4E-3
> 5.9E-4
< 9.2E-4
8.2E-4
8.3E-4
< 2.9E-2
1.6E-2
7.9E-4
< 5.1E-4
< 5.7E-4
< 2.8E-4
< 2.3E-2
5.9E-3
4-21
-------
Table 4.10 Radionuclide concentrations 1n participates
of different particle sizes, pCi/m3 - Continued
RadionucHde
Ra-226
U-234
U-238
Th-230
Pb-210
Po-210*
> 7
7.7E-5
3.3E-5
4.5E-5
< 3E-4
3.0E-5
2.3E-4
Particle Size Ranges, urn
3.3-7.0 2.0-3.3 1.1-2.0
Background , 7/14/86 { e }
2.2E-4 7.7E-5 1.1E-4
< 1E-4 < 8E-5 < 1E-4
5.7E-5 < 6E-5 4.7E-5
2.7E-4 1.9E-4 2.1E-4
< 3E-3 3.0E-3 1.3E-3
4.3E-4 5.6E-4 8.6E-4
< 1.1
< 1E-4
< 3E-4
< 3E-4
< 3E-4
8.4E-3
7.4E-3
Total for all
particle sizes
< 5.8E-4
< 6.1E-4
< 5.1E-4
< 1.3E-3
< 1.6E-2
9.5E-3
Appendix B, Table B.17.
Appendix B, Table B.18.
From Appendix B, Table B.19.
* 'From Appendix B, Table B.20.
(e)From Appendix B, Table B.12.
Note: Approximate 2o uncertainties In net particle size concentrations are:
Ra-226=16 percent; U-238=33 percent; U-234=35 percent; Th-230=36 percent;
Pb-210=64 percent; and Po-210=18 percent.
*Samples used to prepare Table 4.11.
percent) Is combined with the small (< 1.1 urn) respirable sized
particles. This closely resembles the particle size distribution of
background Po-210. Most of the Ra-226 and U-238 are associated with the
larger sized particles. More than 50 percent of the radioactivity is with
particles greater than 3.3 urn In diameter, while only about 20 percent 1s
combined with the smaller (< 1.1 urn) respirable sized particles. These
data resemble the distribution observed for particles measured downwind
from a wet process phosphate plant 1n which more than 40 percent of the
radioactivity was associated with particles having diameters greater than
4-22
-------
3.3 urn and only about 20 percent of the radioactivity was with the smaller
(< 1.1 urn) sized particles (PA78). It should be emphasized, however, that
the phosphogypsum stack was not the principal source of the particulates
collected; thus, these data reflect the air quality for that area and are
not specific to phosphogypsum.
In summary, the small quantities of particulates collected and their
low radionuclide content indicate that airborne emissions from
phosphogypsum stacks are not significant. This supports the conclusion
that airborne particulates are observed Infrequently from phosphogypsum
stacks because of the high moisture content in the gypsum on active stacks
and the crust that exists on Inactive stacks. Thus, most dust produced is
due to vehicular traffic on and around the stack and very little, if any,
by wind erosion.
Table 4.11 The average percent of radionuclides
in each particle size range
Radionuclide
Ra-226
U-238
Th-230
Po-210
Po-210, Bkg
Total Alpha
emitters la'
No. of
Sampl es
1
2
1
4
1
4
> 7
27
40
28
4
2
32
Particle
3.3-7.0 2.
30
15
11
3
5
18
Size
0-3.3
10
12
8
4
6
10
Ranges, urn
1.1-2.0
15
17
7
6
9
13
< 1.1
18
16
46
83
78
27
(a)Excluding Po-210.
4-23
-------
4.4 Airborne Radon Concentrations
Radon-222 concentrations in air were obtained one meter above ground
surface at each phosphogypsum stack using alpha-track detectors (see
Section 3.3). In addition, background concentrations were measured at 9
locations .located at least 8 km from any phosphogypsum stack.
Measurements were made continuously during the 1-year study using three
4-month exposure periods; 22 July 1985-4 December 1985; 2 December
1985-3 April 1986; and 2 April 1986-23 July 1986. The methods for these
measurements are described In Section 3.2.5.
It was not feasible to place the alpha track detectors on top of the
active stacks for extended periods of time because of the continuous
activity of adding phosphogypsum to the stacks. To ensure detector
safety, exposure locations believed to be representative of the stack
surface were selected along the perimeter roads at the base of the
stacks. The Estech and W.R. Grace stacks did accommodate an additional
measurement location near the center of the stacks. In addition,
detectors were also placed at distances of approximately one- and
two-stack diameters from the 6ard1n1er and W.R. Grace stacks.
Although the study was designed to obtain exposures for 3 detectors
at each location for each four-month period (see Section 3.1.5), this was
realized for only about 70 percent of the measurements. Even though care
was exercised 1n selecting measurement locations that were removed from
4-24
-------
plant activity and traffic, one, two, and sometimes all three detectors
were found to be damaged or missing at the end of the sampling period.
The results for detectors showing any damage were discarded. Thus, the
results of some measurements are based on only one or two detectors. Of
the 116 measurements accomplished, 96 are based on the results of three
detectors, 16 on two detectors, and 4 on only one detector. Data for 25
measurements were lost because all three detectors at a site were either
damaged or missing.
The results of all Individual alpha track detectors exposed In the
study are listed 1n Appendix D, Table D.I. The results for each set of
detectors that were exposed together were averaged and the average value
adjusted according to a series of calibration measurements (see Appendix D,
Tables D.2 and D.3). The average corrected radon concentrations
determined for each location are listed 1n Table 4.12 and are summarized
In Table 4.13. There 1s no Indication that concentrations were
consistently higher during any one sampling period. Concentrations at a
perimeter site generally varied between periods by a factor of two or
less. The average radon concentrations 1n air at different locations
along the base perimeter of a stack also do not vary significantly (see
last column, Table 4.12). An analysis of the concentrations at these
sampling locations with respect to the direction of the prevailing winds
In the area of the stack fall to reveal any consistent correlation. This
Indicates a significant contribution of radon to the detectors from
sources other than the phosphogypsum stacks. Also, higher radon
4.25
-------
Table 4.12 Corrected outdoor radon concentrations measured
in air at individual sampling locations, pCi/lJa)
Sampling
Location*5'
G01
G02
G03
G04
G05
G06
G07
G08
G09
G10
Gil
G12
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
1-SD
2-SD
2-SD
1-SD
2-SD
First Second
Period^0) Period(d'
0.53
0.61
1.79
0.52
0.78
1.60
(f)
(f)
0.26
(f)
0.24
(f)
Gardinier
0.31
0.35
0.28
0.40
0.48
0.56
0.35
0.18
0.23
0.26
0.21
0.18
Third
Period*6)
Stack
0.22
0.36
0.31
0.44
0.40
0.41
(f)
0.16
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.17
Annual Average
Concentration*")
0.35 + 0.16
0.44 T 0.15
0.79 T 0.86
0.45 T 0.06
0.55 T 0.20
0.86 ~ 0.61
0735
0.17 + 0.01
0.23 + 0.04
0.22 T 0.06
0.20~ 0.07
0.18 T 0.01
W.R. Grace Stack
GR01
GR02
GR03
GR04
GR05
GR06
GR07
GR08
GR09
GRID
GR11
GR12
GR13
R01
R02
R03
R04
C01
C02
C03
C04
2-SD
1-SD
2-SD
2-SD
1-SD
2-SD
1-SD
C
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
0.08
5.48
0.69
1.02
0.59
0.60
0.63
(f)
0.73
1.00
2.20
1.12
0.51
0.55
0.36
0.29
(f)
0.55
0.83
0.61
(f)
0.68
(f)
0.42
0.58
0.72
0.43
0.51
0.29
0.44
0.60
1.10
(f)
0.35
Royster
0.50
0.41
0.36
0.47
Conserv
(f)
0.69
0.65
0.36
(f)
1.78
0.33
0.50
0.59
(f)
0.50
(f)
0.45
0.56
1.40
0.66
(f)
Stack
(f)
1.16
(f)
(f)
Stack
0.97
1.16
(f)
(f)
0.38 + 0.42
3.6 T 2.6
0.48 + 0.19
0.70 ~ 0.28
0.63 T 0.07
0.52 TO. 12
0.55 + 0.07
0729
0.54 + 0.33
0.72 ~ 0.24
1.6 + 0.6
0.89 T 0.33
0.43 ^0.11
0.52 + 0.04
0.64 T 0.44
0.32 + 0.05
0747
0.76 + 0.30
0.89 + 0.24
0.63 + 0.03
0736
4-26
-------
Table 4.12 Corrected outdoor radon concentrations measured
1n afr at Individual sampling locations, pC1/Lta' - Continued
Sampling
Location^)
First Second
Period^) Per1odld>
Third , t
Period*6'
Annual Average
Concentration*"'
Estech Stack
E01 SP
E02 SP
£03 SP
E04 C
EOS SP
PB01
PB02
PB03
PB04
PB05
GB01
GB02
GB03
GB04
GB05
0.44
0.62
(f)
0.65
1.10
0.12
0.15
0.12
0.19
0.21
(f)
(f)
0.14
0.15
(9)
0.55
0.55
0.77
1.02
0.78
Background
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.21
0.19
0.64
(g)
0.28
0.17
0.21
(f)
0.87
0.61
(f)
0.79
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.19
0.37
(9)
0.45
0.20
0.30
0.50 + 0.08
0.68 T 0.17
0.69 T o.ll
0.84 ~0.26
0.89* 0.18
0.14 + 0.03
0.15 * 0.01
0.15 TO. 02
0.19 T 0.03
0.20 * 0.01
0.50* 0.20
(?)
0.29 + 0.16
0.17 T 0.03
0.26*0.06
ta)Average corrected exposure measured on three detectors.
'Sampling locations: SP-stack perimeter, 1 SD-a distance of one stack
diameter, 2 SD-a distance of two stack diameters, C-near center of stack,
Background: PB-Polk County and GB-H1llsborough County, FL.
*cT1rst period measurements were made from 7/22/85 to 12/4/85. The
correction factor for this period was 1.25 (see Appendix D, Table D.2).
' 'Second period measurements were made from 12/2/85 to 4/3/86. The
correction factor for this period was 1.02 (see Appendix D, Table D.3).
*e 'Third period measurements were made from 4/2/86 to 7/23/86. The
correction factor for this period was 0.67 (see Appendix D, Table D.3).
"'All three detectors were either lost or damaged.
measurements made.
' '+ values are standard deviations of the mean.
4-27
-------
concentrations were not observed at the locations near the center of the
Estech and W.R. Grace stacks, as might be expected. The low concentration
observed at the center of the W.R. Grace stack 1s attributed to water
covering the stack surface In the vicinity of the detectors.
The results of the distant measurements at the Gardlnler stack were
all similar, as was the case at the W.R. Grace stack, except for one site,
GR02, where a large difference was observed. The background
concentrations, especially those measured 1n Polk County, Florida, were
very consistent during the 12-month period.
The average annual radon concentrations 1n air at each phosphogypsum
stack are summarized In Table 4.13. The Gardlnler stack Is located 1n
Hlllsborough County, FL, while the other four stacks are In Polk County*
FL. The background radon concentrations were consistently higher In
Hlllsborough County for unknown reasons. The concentrations at the one-
and two-stack diameter locations at Gardlnler, 0.20 pCI/L, were 45 percent
lower than the average Hlllsborough County background. Using the lower
value of 0.20 pCI/L for the background at the Gardlnler stack and the
average Polk County background, 0.16 pCI/L, at the other four stacks
results In the following net radon concentrations at the base perimeters
of the phosphogypsum stacks.
Gardlnler stack-0.4 pCI/L Conserv stack-0.6 pC1/L
W.R. Grace stack-0.7 pCI/L Estech stack-0.6 pC1/L
Royster stack-0.4 pC1/L
4-28
-------
Table 4.13 A summary of the average outdoor
radon concentrations In air, pCi/L
Stack
First
Period
Second
Period
Third
Period
Annual Average
Concentration
Gardinier
Stack perimeter
1-stack diameter
2-stack diameters
W.R. Grace
Stack perimeter
Center of stack
1-stack diameter
0.97^0.57 0.39 _+ 0,10
0.24 0.20 j* 0.02
0.26 0.22 + 0.04
1.1 *;0.7 0.62 +_ 0.33
(a) 0.29
2.3 + 2.8 0.62 + 0.15
2-stack diameters 0.60 + 0.39 0.53 + 0.13
0.36^0.08 0.56 j* 0.41
0.16^0.00 0.19^0.03
0.18 * 0.01 0.21 + 0.04
0.77^0.43 0.86*; 0.51
(a) 0.29
0.96 J^ 0.71 1.4^1.7
0.42 + 0.12 0.53 + 0.25
Royster
Stack perimeter
Conserv
Stack perimeter
Estech
Stack perimeter
Center of stack
Background
Polk County
0.40 0.13 0.44 * 0.06
1.16
0.51 + 0.28
0.66^0.15 0.57^0.18 1.06 jj; 0.13 0.73 ± 0.25
0.70_+0.30 0.73^0.20
0.65 1.02
0.16 + 0.04 0.18 « 0.02
Hlllsborough County 0.14 + 0.01 0.32 + 0.21
0.76 _* 0.13 0.71 _* 0.19
(a) 0.84 + 0.26
0.16+^0.02 0.16^0.03
0.33 + 0.11 0.29 + 0.16
measurements obtained at this location.
Note: +_ values are standard deviations of the mean.
4-29
-------
The net concentrations are all similar and exceed the background
levels by 3 to 5 times. However, the concentrations at the W.R. Grace
stack do reflect some anomalies when the concentrations at the distant
locations are considered. The radon concentrations at the 1-stack
diameter locations (about 500 m) are about twice that observed at the
base perimeter locations, while the concentrations at the 2-stack diameter
locations (about 1500 m) are about 3 times background (see Section 3.3.3
for sampling locations). These high concentrations are explained by the
fact that the W.R. Grace stack is surrounded by reclaimed mined-out land.
Thus, high radon concentrations in areas around the W.R. Grace stack are
to be expected. For example, concentrations as high as 5.5 pCI/L were
observed at measurement location GR02 (see Table 4.12), which Is about
500 m southeast (upwind) of the stack (see Section 3.3.3). Thus, the
source of the radon measured at these distant locations is not the
phosphogypsum stack but rather radium-226 in the soil in the Immediate
vicinity of the detectors.
Table 4.14 shows the comparison of the average radon concentrations
with the average flux determined for each stack. The results 1n this
table indicate that no relationship exists between the radon flux on a
stack and the radon concentration in air at the base perimeter of a stack.
This Is especially obvious considering the results at the Estech stack,
which has the lowest flux but one of the highest radon concentrations. The
area surrounding the Estech stack, like that at the W.R. Grace stack,
contains m1ned-out land, and this Is the most likely cause of the high
radon concentrations observed on the perimeter of the stack.
4-30
-------
It is clear from these data that the radon concentrations Measured at
the base perimeter of a stack have no relationship to the radon flux on
that stack, but are the result of radon emanating from the soil In close
proximity to the detector locations. Contributing to the failure to
observe a correlation between radon flux and concentration 1s: (a) the
time of measurement, 24 hours versus 4 months, and (b) the area of the
o
radon source measured with the charcoal canister, 0.05 m , versus an
unknown area monitored by the alpha-track detector of many square meters.
Table 4.14 A comparison of the radon flux with the radon
concentration 1n air at each stack
Stack
Gardlnler
W.R. Grace
Royster
Conserv
Estech
Mean Radon
Flux, pC1/m2-S(a)
20
16
22
25
4.4
Mean Radon
Concentration, pC1/lJb)
0.56
0.86
0.51
0.73
0.71
aFrom Table 4.2.
Table 4.13.
4-31
-------
4.5 Gamma-Ray Exposures
Gamma-ray exposure measurements were obtained one meter above ground
level at each location on the phosphogypsum stacks where radon flux
raeasureujents and phosphogypsum samples were obtained (see Sections 3.1.6
and 3.3).. These measurements were made only once, during the first week
of the study when the phosphogypsum samples were collected. Background
exposure measurements were obtained 1n a region of Polk County, Florida,
outside the influence of the phosphate Industry and any phosphogypsum
stack (see Section 3.3.7). Background exposure rates, measured with
pressurized 1on1zat1on chambers, ranged from 4 to 6 uR/hr (Na86).
The gamma-ray exposure rates measured at each of the 10 sampling
locations on the five phosphogypsum stacks are given in Table 4.15.
Except for only a few measurements, the exposure rates were very
consistent over the surface of the stacks, varying by only about 30
percent over the entire surface. Exposures were particularly consistent
over the Estech and Gardinier stacks where exposures differed by only
5 uR/hr and 6 uR/hr, respectively. In general, no correlation 1s observed
between the gamma-ray exposure rates and the radon flux measured at these
locations at the same time (see Appendix A). A comparison of the exposure
rates with the Ra-226 concentrations in phosphogypsum collected at the
same time and location also shows no direct correlation.
4-32
-------
Table 4.15 Gamma-ray exposure rate measurements
at phosphogypsum sample locations
Site/Location*9)
Gardinier/GOl
Gard1n1er/G02
Gardfnier/G03
Gard1n1er/G04
Gard1nier/G05
Gard1nier/G06
Gard1n1er/G07
Gard1n1er/G08
Gard1n1er/G09
Gardinier/GlO
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR03
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR05
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR09
Grace/GRlO
Royster/ROl
Royster/R02
Royster/R03
Royster/R04
Royster/R05
Royster/R06
Royster/R07
Royster/R08
Royster/R09
Royster/RlO
Date of Measurement
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
Exposure Rate at 1 Meter,
uR/hr
30
30
29
33
28
32
30
31
2"
29
40
32
41
36
30
32
34
33
34
48
34
28
33
32
34
38
36
33
32
32
4-33
-------
Table 4.15 Gamma-ray exposure rate measurements
at phosphogypsum sample locations - Continued
S1te/Locat1on(a>
Conserv/COl
Conserv/CQ2
Conserv/C03
Conserv/C04
Conserv/C05
Conserv/C06
Conserv/C07
Conserv/C08
Conserv/C09
Conserv/CIO
Estech/EOl
Estech/E02
Estech/E03
Estech/E04
Estech/E05
Estech/E06
Estech/E07
Estech/E08
Estech/E09
Estech/ElO
Date of Measurement
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
Exposure Rate at 1 Meter,
uR/hr
26
27
27
28
37
50
50
30
28
27
34
32
32
32
34
32
34
30
32
35
(^Locations of sampling sites are given In Section 3.3.
The gamma-ray exposure rates are summarized for each stack 1n
Table 4.16. There Is very little difference 1n the average exposure rates
measured on the five phosphogypsum stacks. The average exposure rate for
all five stacks Is 33 uR/hr. The average exposure rate on the W.R. Grace
stack exceeded this value by about 10 percent, while the exposure on the
Gardlnler stack averaged about 10 percent lower than the average for all
4-34
-------
five stacks. If 5 uR/hr Is used as the background exposure rate In that
region of Florida (Na86), the exposure rates on the phosphogypsum stacks
exceed the background 7evel by about 6 or 7 times. This reflects the
higher radlonucHde content of the phosphogypsum 1n which rad1um-226, for
example, exceeds Its background concentration by about 11 times (see
Section 4.2).
Table 4.16 Average gamma-ray exposure rates measured
over each phosphogypsum stack
Stack
Gardlnler
W.R. Grace
Royster
Conserv
Estech
Average Exposure
rate, nR/hr^)
30 +
36 T
33 T
33 T
33 T
2
5
3
9
2
Range of
exposures, uR/hr
27
30
28
26
30
- 33
- 48
- 38
- 50
- 35
(^Average consists of 10 measurements. The + values are standard
deviations of the means.
Note: Background exposure rates In Polk County, Florida, have a typical
range of 4 to 6 yR/hr (Na86).
4-35
-------
4.6 Summary of Results
A year-long study of radon-222 and airborne participates was
conducted at five phosphogypsum stacks In central Florida. Four of the
stacks studied were active and one was Inactive during the study period.
A description of the five participating stacks Is presented 1n Table 2.1.
Measurements made during the 12-month study are listed 1n Table 4.17.
Also listed are the numbers of measurements conducted and the section of
the report where the results for those measurements are described.
Table 4.17 A summary of measurements conducted during
the one-year phosphogypsum study
, . Number of Section Describing
Measurement ia' Measurements Results
Radon flux
Moisture content of phosphogypsum
Rad1onucl1des In phosphogypsum
Rad1onucl1des In airborne participates
Particle sizes of airborne partlculates
Ambient radon-222
Gamma-ray exposures
1,258
1,258
50
99
8
91
50
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.5
(^Measurements were conducted during the period 22 July 1985-18 July 1986.
Radon Flux and Associated Measurements
Listed In Table 4.18 are the results of measurements of radon flux,
moisture content of the phosphogypsum, radlum-226 content of the
phosphogypsum, and the gamma-ray exposure rates that were obtained
4.36
-------
simultaneously at each location on the five stacks. This was the only
Instance that all measurements were taken at the same time. However, no
direct correlations were observed between any of these parameters.
Although large differences 1n the radon flux were observed at
different times at the same location, the differences were not consistent
to any particular time of the year. Any correlation Involving time that
might have existed would have very likely been obliterated by the
continual addition of fresh phosphogypsum to the stacks. Even though the
same locations were measured repeatedly throughout the year, the Ra-226
content, density, porosity, and moisture content of the phosphogypsum
changed between measurements. Thus, due to the routine operations on the
active stacks, the source term was continually changing throughout the
year.
The annual average radon flux, Ra-226 concentrations in the
phosphogypsum, and gamma-ray exposure rates determined for each stack are
listed In Table 4.19. Considering the active stacks, the average values
do not differ significantly for the four stacks. The average radon fluxes
p
varied from 16 to 25 pCI/m-s, the Ra-226 concentrations from 30 to
34 pCi/g, and the gamma-ray exposure rates from 30 to 36 nR/hr. This
would indicate that although local variations exist on the stacks, overall
the stacks are quite similar in composition and physical properties.
Also, the average radon fluxes determined for the Gardinler and Royster
4-37
-------
Table 4.18 Tabulation of selected parameters related to radon flux
Site/Location
Gardlnler/GQl
Gard1n1er/G02
Gard1n1er/G03
Gard1n1er/G04
Gardfnler/605
Gard1n1er/G06
Gard1n1er/G07
Gard1n1er/G08
Gard1n1er/G09
Gardlnler/GlO
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR03
Grace/GR04
Grace/GROS
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR07
Grace/GROS
Grace/GR09
Grace/GRlO
Royster/ROl
Royster/R02
Royster/R03
Royster/R04
Royster/R05
Royster/R06
Royster/R07
Royster/R08
Royster/R09
Royster/RlO
Conserv/COl
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C03
Conserv/C04
Conserv/C05
Conserv/C06
Conserv/C07
Conserv/C08
Conserv/C09
Conserv/CIO
Date of
Collection
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/23/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
07/25/85
Ra-226,
pCi/g
33.8
31.4
33.3
33.9
31.0
36.5
32.4
33.3
31.2
32.2
26.4
26.7
45.6
19.4
48.2
28.9
30.5
28.3
22.6
27.6
23.0
21.0
47.9
33.4
31.1
49.2
22.9
27.1
15.8
31.6
22.5
24.7
24.0
23.6
28.9
81.1
47.9
35.1
26.9
24.4
Percent
Moisture
11.1
15.2
15.5
10.4
16.4
13.3
17.1
17.0
14.2
15.7
13.2
17.2
11.1
9.3
12.1
17.3
12.1
11.8
5.5
8.4
10.5
9.6
12.8
10.9
12.3
15.2
13.6
11.7
14.0
13.7
18.5
22.4
15.2
17.1
19.6
11.4
11.2
25.6
18.9
21.2
Radon Flux,
pC1/m2 sec
14.9
2.5
23.6
9.9
31.6
17.2
36.2
35.3
15.5
99.1
3.4
2.8
17.9
12.5
7.6
2.8
14.5
13.3
18.6
7.7
31.4
22.2
55.9
42.0
20.0
41.4
41.1
27.0
18.7
32.5
18.2
41.4
45.6
41.5
33.5
341.9
34.1
No result
34.6
20.2
Exposure Rate
at 1 meter, nR/hr
30
30
29
33
28
32
30
31
27
29
40
32
41
36
30
32
34
33
34
48
34
28
33
32
34
38
36
33
32
32
26
27
27
28
37
50
50
30
28
27
4-38
-------
Table 4.18 Tabulation of selected parameters related to radon flux
- Continued
Site/Location
Estech/EOl
Estech/E02
Estech/E03
Estech/E04
Estech/E05
Estech/E06
Estech/E07
Estech/E08
Estech/E09
Estech/ElO
Date of
Collection
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
07/26/85
Ra-226,
pC1/g
26.1
24.3
25.1
18.8
30.3
26.4
23.6
22.1
21.5
30.8
Percent
Moisture
11.8
13.4
8.3
14.5
8.3
9.4
5.3
14.1
16.4
2.2
Radon Flux,
pC1/mz sec
5.4
4.7
2.1
2.0
4.0
4.1
2.8
5.5
5.1
2.3
Exposure
at 1 meter
34
32
32
32
34
32
34
30
32
35
Rate
, uR/hr
stacks are not significantly different from those determined during
surveys of four days and five days, respectively, in April-May 1985
(Ha85). The average radon flux measured at 211 locations on the Gardinler
stack between April 30 and May 3, 1985, was 19 pCI/m-s. The average
radon flux determined for 62 locations on the active part of the Royster
stack on May 9, 1985, was 17 pC1/m2-s. The agreement between these
results and those of the present study are exceptionally good considering
the very short measurement periods of the earlier survey and that
different locations on the stack were monitored during the two studies.
These results Imply that making measurements over a lengthy period
Is not as Important as measuring a sufficient number of locations on a
stack. Computing the cumulative averages of radon flux measurements
made during the 1-year and 4-day studies indicates that approximately
100 samples, Irrespective of sampling period, are adequate to obtain the
average radon flux of a phosphogypsum stack.
4-39
-------
The average radon flux measured on the Inactive Estech stack Is 4.7
times less than that determined for the active stacks. This agrees with
the results of an earlier study on the Royster stack that Indicated a
four-fold decrease In the radon flux when a stack becomes Inactive
(Ha85). The cause of this decrease Is the formation of a crust that forms
on the surface of a stack when 1t becomes Inactive. The thickness of the
crust Increases with time, which reduces the radon emanation from the
surface and essentially eliminates resuspension of material by the wind.
Table 4.19 A comparison of the average radon flux, Ra-226 concentrations,
and gamma-ray exposure rates on the five phosphogypsum stacks
Average Radon Average Ra-226
Stack Flux, pC1/m2-s Concentration, pCI/g
Gardlnler
W.R. Grace
Royster
Conserv
Estech (Inactive)
20 +
16 T
22 T
25 T
4.4T
6
5
8
15
1.4
33 +
30 T
30 T
34 T
25 T
2
9
11
18
4
Average
Rate,
30
36
33
33
33
Exposure
uR/hr
+
T
T
+
I
2
5
3
9
2
Note: + values are standard deviations of the means.
RadlonucHde Content of Phosphogypsum
The analyses of phosphogypsum samples collected from 10 locations on
each stack reflected a rather uniform distribution of Ra-226 over the five
stacks (see Tables 4.4 and 4.5). The average concentrations of Ra-226 on
the active stacks all fall within a small range, 30 to 34 pCI/g with an
4-40
-------
average of 32 +_ 2 pCi/g. About 70 percent of the concentrations were
within 25 percent of the average concentration. The average concentration
of Ra-226 in phosphogypsum from the inactive Estech stack was somewhat
lower, 25 +_ 4 pCi/g.
The radionuclide concentrations measured in samples of phosphogypsum
composited from 10 locations on each stack are listed in Table 4.6. In
general, concentrations of the principal radionuclides measured in the
composite samples from the different stacks are similar and reflect the
same radioactive disequilibrium. Some variation is attributed to the
inhomogeneous composition of the composited samples.
The average concentrations of the principal radionuclides measured in
the composite phosphogypsum samples were given in Table 4.7. Also listed
in this table for a comparison are the average concentrations of
radionuclides measured in ten background soil samples from Polk and
Hillsborough Counties of Florida. Concentrations of radionuclides in
phosphogypsum are significantly greater than the background levels, from
11 (U-238) to 60 times (Ra-226).
Since radioactivity in phosphate rock generally exists in radioactive
equilibrium, the disequilibrium observed in the phosphogypsum is due
primarily to the fractionation of the radionuclides during chemical
processing of the ore. Most of the Ra-226, Po-210, and Pb-210 follow the
phosphogypsum, while 80 to 90 percent of the uranium and thorium remain
with the phosphoric acid.
4-41
-------
High-Volume Air Samples and Particle Size
High-volume air samples were collected 460 m southeast (upwind) and
115 m northwest (downwind) of the W.R. Grace stack where they operated
continuously for 4 months. Background samples were collected
simultaneously at a private residence in Winter Haven, Florida. Filters
were replaced weekly, composited into monthly samples, and analyzed for
their radionuclide content. Concentrations measured were adjusted for
radioactivity in the background samples, as described in Section 4.3.2.
Concentrations of Po-210 and Pb-210 could not be measured because the
filters were ashed prior to analyses. The average net concentrations of
the principal radlonuclides measured are listed in Table 4.20. Background
concentrations are included for comparison.
Table 4.20 Average net concentrations of radionuclides
in high-volume air samplesia)
Location
Southeast
Northwest
Background
U-238
100
150
32
Concentrations, aCi/m3
U-234 Th-230
110 110
160 150
28 35
Ra-226
110
190
54
(^Sampling period-March 10, 1986 to July 17, 1986.
Concentrations of radlonuclides in airborne particulate samples
collected at the southeast location are small and similar, about
100 aC1/m , and only 2 to 4 times background. Higher concentrations
4-42
-------
were observed at the northwest location, 150 to 190 aC1/m3 and exceeded
background by 4 to 6 times. Concentrations at the northwest location were
50 to 70 percent higher than concentrations at the southeast location, due
In part to the shorter distance to the stack, 115 m versus 460 m, a close
proximity to the stack access road, and that It was 1-n a predominant
downwind direction from the stack. The source of a large fraction of the
material collected by the high-volume samplers appears to be a source
other than the phosphogypsum stack, probably, In large part, vehicular
dust from the stack access road. The ratios of the radionucllde
concentrations collected from the air do not reflect phosphogypsum.
Secular equilibrium existed in air samples collected at the southeast
location. Samples collected at the northwest location have activity
ratios of 1.3 for both Ra-226/U-238 and Ra-226/Th-230, whereas these
ratios in phosphogypsum from the W.R. Grace stack were 11 and 5,
respectively. Thus, most of the material collected by the air samplers
was from a source other than the phosphogypsum stack. This illustrates
the extreme difficulty of relating airborne samples to a particular source
when collected at a predetermined location over a long period of time.
Two 24-hour particle size samples were collected at each of the two
high-volume sampling locations near the W.R. Grace stack, andone
background particle size sample was obtained at the sampling location in
Winter Haven, Florida. The particles were separated into five ranges of
size, and the material collected in each range was analyzed separately for
Its radionuclide content. The radionuclide content of the blank filters
of each stage was determined and subtracted from the gross concentrations
4^43
-------
measured 1n the stack samples. Because the radioactivity 1n the blank
filters often exceeded that of the sample, many of the data obtained have
limited value. A positive result for a radlonucllde concentration in all
five stages of a sample was obtained in only 9 out of 30 sets of analyses
(see Table 4.10).
The average percent of radionuclldes in each particle size range for
those sets of data having positive values for all ranges of particle size
was given 1n Table 4.11. The particle size distribution of Po-210 1s
entirely different from that of the other radionuclldes and closely
resembles the distribution of the background sample. Nearly all of the
Po-210 1s associated with the smallest particle size range, while only 7
percent 1s with particles having diameters greater than 3.3 urn. This is
not unusual and has been attributed to Rn-222 progeny attaching primarily
to small particles. More than 50 percent of the Ra-226 and U-238 is
associated with the larger sized particles while less than 20 percent is
combined with the small and more resplrable sized particles. However, the
total picocuries of radionuclldes collected by the Anderson samplers at
the stack were not significantly different from that collected by the
background sampler. Thus, like the high-volume samples, it is probable
that most of the material collected for particle sizing had not originated
from the phosphogypsum stack.
4-44
-------
Airborne Radon Concentrations
Radon-222 concentrations 1n air were obtained one meter above the
ground surface at each phosphogypsum stack using alpha-track detectors.
Background concentrations were measured at nine locations that were at
least 8 km from any phosphogypsum stack. Measurements were made
continuously during the study using three 4-month exposure periods.
Because of the continuous operations being conducted by plant personnel on
the active stacks, 1t was not possible to place the detectors on the top
surface of the stacks. Rather, the detectors were placed around the
perimeter at the base of the stacks with a larger number 1n a predominant
downwind direction.
Listed 1n Table 4.21 are the average radon concentrations measured at
the five phosphogypsum stacks. The average radon concentrations measured
at the base of the stacks are small and exceed the background
concentrations by only 3 to 5 times. The concentrations varied by as much
as a factor of 8 over the year, but the difference could not be related to
the prevailing wind direction or to the season of the year. Also, the
results at the Estech stack Illustrate the total lack of a correlation
with radon flux, as the average radon concentration is similar to that at
the other stacks but the radon flux was 4 to 5 times smaller.
4-45
-------
Table 4.21 Average airborne radon concentrations near phosphogypsum stacks
Radon Concentrations on Stack Perimeter, pC1/1
Source
Phosphogypsum Stacks
Gardlnler
W.R. Grace
Royster
Conserv
Estech
Average Concentrations
0.56
0.86
0.51
0.73
0.71
Range of Concentrations
0.22-1.79
0.35-2.20
0.29-1.16
0.36-1.16
0.44-1.10
Gamma-ray Exposure Rates
One set of gamma-ray exposure rate measurements were obtained one
meter above the ground surface at locations on the phosphogypsum stacks
where radon flux and phosphogypsum sampling were performed. Background
exposure measurements, made In a region of Polk County, Florida, outside
the Influence of the phosphate Industry, ranged from 4 to 6 nR/hr.
The average gamma-ray exposure rates obtained from 10 measurements on
each phosphogypsum stack were given in Table 4.16. The ranges of
exposures observed are Included. The exposure rates over a stack are
quite constant, varying by no more than a factor of two, and not
significantly different on the various stacks. These exposure rates are
not large, but exceed the background exposure rate, 5 nR/hr, by about 6
times.
4-46
-------
5.0 CONCLUSIONS
A year-long study of radon-222 and airborne participates was conducted
at five phosphogypsum stacks in central Florida. Four of the stacks
studied were active and one was Inactive. The results of measurements
made during this study provide the basis for the following conclusions.
1. The annual average radon flux measured In dry areas on the top of
four active phosphogypsum stacks was 20 -p£1/m--s. This Is 100 times the
2
average background flux, 0.2 pC1/m -s, measured 1n central Florida.
2. The results Indicate that the radon flux from Inactive stacks Is
nearly 5 times less than from active stacks due to the natural formation
of a crust over the top surface of the stack. This 1s a natural process
of decontamination that will remain secure unless the surface Is disturbed.
3. The results Indicate that approxlmtoly 100 radon flux
measurements conducted at 10 or more sites, Irrespective of sampling
period, will provide a representative radon source term for phosphogypsum
stacks.
4. Essentially no correlations were observed between the radon flux
and the moisture content of the phosphogypsum, the Ra-226 concentrations
of the phosphogypsum, airborne radon concentrations, and gamma-ray
exposure rates.
5-1
-------
5. The radlonuclide concentrations In phosphogypsum exceed
background levels by more than an order-of-magn1tude. In phosphogypsum,
the average rad1um-226 concentration was 30 pCi/g, about 10 times that of
uranium-238/234.
6. Very low airborne radioactive partlculate concentrations were
measured near the phosphogypsum stacks. The particulates collected
originated primarily from sources other than the phosphogypsum stack. The
absence of measurable quantities of radlonuclldes from the phosphogypsum
stack 1s due to a crust that exists on the Inactive areas and the high
moisture content 1n the active areas of the stacks.
7. Radon-222 concentrations measured around the base perimeter of
the phosphogypsum stacks were low, constant, and apparently primarily from
sources other than the phosphogypsum stacks. Concentrations ranged from
0.4 to about 1 pCI/L with an average of lass than 1 pC1/L.
8. Gamma-ray exposure rates measured across the stack surfaces were
relatively small, about 30 uR/hr, and constant, varying by less than a
factor of two. This exposure rate Is about 6 times the regional
background exposure rate of 5
5-2
-------
6.0 REFERENCES
BOM85 U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1985, Minerals Yearbook.
EERF82 Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, USEPA, 1982, Quality
Assurance Plan and Standard Operating Procedures.
EPA86 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Proposed Standard for
Radon-222 Emissions from Licensed Uranium Mill Tailings,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report, EPA 520/1-86-001.
Ga86 Gan, T.H., Mason, G.C., Wise, K.N., Whlttlestone, S., and
WylHe, H.A., 1986, "Desorptlon of Rn-222 by Moisture and Heat,"
Health Physics 50, No. 3, p. 407-410.
Gu75 Gulmond, R.J. and Wlndham, S.T., 1975, Radioactivity Distribution
In Phosphate Products, By-Products, Effluents and Wastes,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation
Programs, Technical Note ORP/CSD-75-3.
Ha83 Hartley, J.N., Gee, G.W., Baker, E.G., and Freeman, H.O., 1983,
1981 Radon Barrier Field Test at Grand Junction Uranium Mill
Tailings Pile, Pacific Northwest Laboratory Report, PNL-4539,
Rlchland, Washington.
6.1
-------
REFERENCES - Continued
Ha85 Hartley, J.N., and Freeman, H.D., 1985, fradon Flux Measurements
on Gardlnler and Royster Phosphogypsum Piles Near Tampa and
Mulberry, Florida, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report,
EPA 520/5-85-029.
H079 Morton, T.R., 1979, A Preliminary Radiological Assessment of
Radon Exhalation From Phosphate Gypsum Piles and Inactive Uranium
Mill Tailings Piles, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report,
EPA 520/5-79-004.
L184 Lieberman, R., 1984, Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
Radlochemlstry Procedures Manual, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Report, EPA 520/5-84-006.
Na86 Nail, Wesley, Polk County Health Department, Winter Haven,
Florida, Personal Communication, November 1986.
N188 Nlfong, 6.D., Florida Institute of Phosphate Research,
Bartow, Florida, Written Communication, January 22, 1988.
Pa78 Partridge, J.E., Horton, T.R., Senslntaffar, E.L., and
Boysen, 6.A., 1978, Radiation Dose Estimates Due to Air
Paniculate Emissions Front Selected Phosphate Industry
Operations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Radiation Programs, Technical Note ORP/EERF-78-1.
6-2
-------
REFERENCES - Continued
Pe83 PEDCo Environmental, Inc., 1983, Evaluation of Waste Management
for Phosphate Processing-Interim Report on Characterizationof
Phosphate Processing Wastes and Selection of Management Practices
and Sites to be Monitored, EPA contractor report-Contract No.
68-03-3036, Work Assignment No. SAP07, Cincinnati, Ohio.
PEI85a PEI Associates, Inc., 1985, Data Describing Phosphogypsum Piles,
Work Assignment No. 10 under Contract No. 68-02-3878, for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
PEI85b PEI Associates, Inc., 1985, Quality Assurance Project Plan -
Radionuclide Air Sampling At Florida Phosphogypsum Piles, Work
Assignment No. 13 under Contract No. 68-02-3878, for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
PEI86 PEI Associates, Inc., 1986, Radionuclide Air Sampling at Florida
Phosphogypsum Stacks, Work Assignment No. 25 under Contract No.
68-02-3878, for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
St84 Stranden, E., Kolstad, A.K., and Lind, B., 1984, "Radon
Exhalation: Moisture and Temperature Dependence," Health Physics
47, No. 3, p. 480-484.
6-3
-------
APPENDIX A
Individual radon flux and moisture content values
for phosphogypsum stacks and background soils.
-------
Table A.I
Radon flux and moisture content in background soils
Location*
GB01
6B01
GB03
GB03
GB04
GB04
GB05
GB05
MG01
MG02
MG03
MG04
MG05
MG06
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB01
PB02
PB02
PB03
PB03
PB04
PB04
PB05
PB05
Date
On
2/ 3/86
4/ 2/86
12/ 3/85
4/ 2/86
12/ 3/85
4/ 2/86
2/ 3/86
4/ 2/86
1/31/86
1/31/86
1/31/86
1/31/86
1/31/86
1/31/86
8/20/85
9/30/85
10/21/85
11/18/85
12/16/85
1/20/86
2/17/86
3/24/86
4/ 2/86
4/14/86
5/12/86
6/16/86
7/ 7/86
12/ 3/85
4/ 2/86
12/ 3/85
4/ 2/86
12/ 3/85
4/ 2/86
12/ 3/85
4/ 2/86
Date
Off
2/ 4/86
4/ 3/86
12/ 4/85
4/ 3/86
12/ 4/85
4/ 3/86
2/ 4/86
4/ 3/86
2/ 1/86
2/ 1/86
2/ 1/86
2/ 1/86
2/ 1/86
2/ 1/86
8/22/85
10/ 2/85
10/22/85
11/19/85
12/17/85
1/21/86
2/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 3/86
4/15/86
5/13/86
6/17/86
7/ 8/86
12/ 4/85
4/ 3/86
12/ 4/85
4/ 3/86
12/ 4/85
4/ 3/86
12/ 4/85
4/ 3/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
.211
.079
.353
.333
.295
.289
.078
.062
.595
.485
.154
.563
.194
.297
.110
.078
.103
.505
.100
.103
.128
.112
.128
.135
.111
.219
.111
.223
.205
.292
.191
.174
.162
.289
.247
Percent
Error
16.53
40.25
18.98
10.98
22.25
12.34
45.80
51.98
9.47
11.22
30.77
9 .81
24.83
16.68
17.12
24.00
30.37
7.86
32.06
29.50
24.29
28.02
25.15
23.33
29.65
15.14
28.86
2S.61
16.43
22.50
17.51
35.95
20.25
22.86
14.10
Percent
Moisture
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
5.2
4.1
2.8
6.0
5.4
9.3
5.9
99.0
3.5
2.9
9.1
5.7
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
*Legend
GB
MG
PB
99.0
Gardinier background site.
Montgomery, Alabama background site,
Polk County background site.
Moisture sample not collected.
A-l
-------
Vable A.2
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Conserv stack
Date Date Radon Flux Percent Percent
Location* On Off (pCi/m2-sec) Error Moisture
C01 7/24/85 7/25/85 18.213 .85 18.5
C01 8/19/85 8/20/85 12.412 1.05 9.1
C01 9/30/85 10/ 1/85 20.510 .80 7.6
C01 10/21/85 10/22/85 11.060 1.10 8.8
C01 11/18/85 11/19/85 26.934 .74 6.6
C01 12/16/85 12/17/85 24.526 .78 7.5
C01 1/13/86 1/14/86 33.271 .57 7.4
C01 2/24/86 2/25/86 16.769 .88 7.5
C01 3/17/86 3/18/86 18.734 .84 10.4
C01 4/14/86 4/15/86 12.490 .95 9.7
C01 5/12/86 5/13/86 9.874 1.14 5.9
C01 6/ 9/86 6/10/86 10.912 1.12 14.4
C01 7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86 14.618 .96 73
C02 7/24/85 7/25/85 41.415 .56 22.4
C02 8/19/85 8/20/85 21.127 .79 9 2
C02 9/30/85 10/ 1/85 26.775 .69 8*9
C02 10/21/85 10/22/85 12.124 1.05 6.4
C02 11/18/85 11/19/85 17.449 .93 6.6
C02 12/16/85 12/17/85 19.695 .87 6.5
C02 1/13/86 1/14/86 61.167 .42 10.8
C02 2/24/86 2/25/86 15.720 .91 6.4
C02 3/17/86 3/18/86 13.993 .98 10.1
C02 4/14/86 4/15/86 2.654 2.23 5.9
C02 5/12/86 5/13/86 16.322 .88 6.2
C02 6/ 9/86 6/10/86 18.159 .86 13 0
C02 7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86 15.876 .92 71
COS 7/24/85 7/25/85 45.563 .54 15 2
COS 8/19/85 8/20/85 15.598 .93 7 1
C03 9/30/85 10/ 1/85 15.433 .93 11 9
C03 10/21/85 10/22/85 2.386 2.63 10 5
C03 11/18/85 11/19/85 21.870 .83 5*2
C03 12/16/85 12/17/85 16.865 .94 13*9
COS 1/13/86 1/14/86 33.849 .57 lo!e
COS 2/24/86 2/25/86 34.656 .61 73
COS 3/17/86 3/18/86 18.125 .85 9.9
COS 4/14/86 4/15/86 2.852 2.13 8.1
COS 5/12/86 5/13/86 13.338 .98 14.5
COS 6/ 9/86 6/10/86 13.644 1.00 11.3
COS 7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86 16.573 .90 6.1
C04 7/24/85 7/25/85 41.471 .57 17.1
C04 8/19/85 8/20/85 15.790 .93 11.9
C04 9/30/85 10/ 1/85 24.701 .72 9.6
C04 10/21/85 10/22/85 7.650 1.35 9.2
C04 11/18/85 11/19/85 9.454 1.28 10.0
A-2
-------
Table A.2 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Conserv stack
Date Date Radon Flux Percent Percent
Location* On Off (pCi/m2-sec) Error Moisture
C04 12/16/85 12/17/85 18.711 .89 9.1
C04 1/13/86 1/14/86 32.391 .58 15.6
C04 2/24/86 2/25/86 26.132 .70 8.9
C04 3/17/86 3/18/86 21.326 .79 13.6
C04 4/14/86 4/15/86 7.470 1.25 10.3
C04 5/12/86 5/13/86 14.500 .93 8.0
C04 6/ 9/86 6/10/86 25.254 .72 15.5
C04 7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86 17.900 .86 8.6
COS 7/24/85 7/25/85 33.496 .63 19.6-
COS 9/30/85 10/ 1/85 20.789 .79 14.1
COS 10/21/85 10/22/85 18.677 .85 6.3
COS 11/18/85 11/19/85 31.315 .69 7.1
C05 12/16/85 12/17/85 24.438 .78 7.4
C05 1/13/86 1/14/86 30.215 .60 15.0
COS 2/24/86 2/25/86 25.695 .71 8.9
C05 3/17/86 3/18/86 4.543 1.80 16.5
C05 4/14/86 4/15/86 9.434 1.10 11.1
C05 5/12/86 5/13/86 ID.037 1.13 7.0
C05 6/ 9/86 6/10/86 24.134 .74 19.0
COS 7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86 10.534 1.14 9.4
C05# 8/19/85 8/20/85 20.248 .81 10.5
C06 7/24/85 7/25/85 341.922 .20 11.4
C06 8/19/85 8/20/85 207.148 .25 10.9
C06 9/30/85 10/ 1/85 4.083 1.94 19.0
C06 10/21/85 10/22/85 3.923 1.96 7.9
C06 11/18/85 11/19/85 12.195 1.12 7.7
C06 12/16/85 12/17/85 17.222 .93 6.0
C06 1/13/86 1/14/86 32.109 .59 9.7
C06 2/24/86 2/25/86 41.935 .55 10.0
C06 3/17/86 3/18/86 41.026 .56 20.3
C06 4/14/86 4/15/86 8.714 1.15 15.5
C06 5/12/86 5/13/86 11.548 1.05 8.7
C06 6/ 9/86 6/10/86 10.435 1.15 19.2
C06 7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86 25.532 .72 12.6
C07 7/24/85 7/25/85 34.091 .63 11.2
C07 8/19/85 8/20/85 23.674 .75 9.7
C07 9/30/85 10/ 1/85 27.221 .69 10.0
C07 10/21/85 10/22/85 14.689 .95 10.4
C07 11/18/85 11/19/85 59.415 .50 6.9
C07 12/16/85 12/17/85 34.875 .65 8.8
C07 1/13/86 1/14/86 25.147 .66 14.4
C07 2/24/86 2/25/86 39.174 .57 11.5
C07 3/17/86 3/18/86 32.591 .63 15.6
C07 4/14/86 4/15/86 16.652 .82 10.2
A-3
-------
Table A.2 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Conserv stack
Location*
C07
C07
C07
COS
COS
COS
COS
COS
COS
COS
cos
COS
COS
COS
COS
cost
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
C09
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
Date
On
5/12/86
6/ 9/86
7/ 7/86
8/19/85
9/30/85
10/21/85
11/18/85
12/16/85
1/13/86
2/24/86
3/17/86
4/14/86
5/12/86
6/ 9/86
7/ 7/86
7/24/85
7/24/85
8/19/85
9/30/85
10/21/85
11/18/85
12/16/85
1/13/86
2/24/86
3/17/86
4/14/86
5/12/86
6/ 9/86
7/ 7/86
7/24/85
8/19/85
9/30/85
10/21/85
11/18/85
12/16/85
1/13/86
2/24/86
3/17/86
4/14/86
5/12/86
6/ 9/86
7/ 7/86
Date
Off
5/13/86
6/10/86
7/ 8/86
8/20/85
10/ 1/85
10/22/85
11/19/85
12/17/85
1/14/86
2/25/86
3/18/86
4/15/86
5/13/86
6/10/86
7/ 8/86
7/25/85
7/25/85
8/20/85
10/ 1/85
10/22/85
11/19/85
12/17/85
1/14/86
2/25/86
3/18/86
4/15/86
5/13/86
6/10/86
7/ 8/86
7/25/85
8/20/85
10/ 1/85
10/22/85
11/19/85
12/17/85
1/14/86
2/25/86
3/18/86
4/15/86
5/13/86
6/10/86
7/ 8/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/n»2-sec)
28.366
26.895
18.781
5.783
18.477
14.244
30.636
30.547
29.659
22.229
13.179
25.628
16.357
9.055
14.899
1.753
34.578
22.574
34.035
9.298
19.498
24.425
30.913
5.824
28.285
12.922
20.069
10.916
22.781
20.161
15.090
32.275
21.843
82.019
27.376
20.237
21.694
18.095
10.925
21.632
12.534
18.240
Percent
Error
.66
.70
.84
1.60
.84
.97
.70
.70
.61
.76
1.01
.65
.87
1.24
.95
3.38
.63
.77
.61
1.21
.88
.78
.60
1.56
.68
.93
.78
1.12
.76
.82
.95
.63
.77
.42
.74
.74
.77
.86
1.01
.75
1.04
.86
Percent
Moisture
11.4
19.9
13.9
15.7
15.1
9.6
10.2
9.3
13.5
14.1
18.0
8.4
9.0
14.7
11.8
25.6
18.9
13.7
13.5
7.6
4.6
7.6
14.6
7.6
13.8
12.7
6.4
17.3
11.1
21.2
5.6
11.4
7.9
7.9
7.3
12.9
15.6
15.6
11.8
10.4
19.1
9.4
*Legend
C Conserv.
I Invalid flux measurement.
A-4
-------
Table A.3
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Estech stack
Date Date Radon Flux Percent Percent
Location* On Off (pCi/m2-sec) Error Moisture
E01
SOI
E01
E01
E01
E01
E01
E01
E01
E01
E01
E01
E01
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E02
E03
E03
E03
£03
E03
E03
E03
E03
E03
E03
E03
E03
£03
£04
£04
£04
£04
£04
£04
£04
E04
E04
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/C5 12/ 3/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
5.384
1.342
4.386
4.475
5.337
4.069
3.544
5.434
2.317
4.902
.669
4 .759
4.753
4.737
3.299
3.694
3.543
5.895
7.043
5.525
6.211
3.390
5.565
2.260
3.525
3.735
2.094
.566
1.700
2.008
.598
.953
.815
1.950
1.384
1.313
1.194
5.968
1.600
1.976
1.961
5.182
4.098
5.179
7.564
9.106
6.381
6.096
2.09
3.73
a. 75
1.73
1.74
2.33
2.02
1.63
2.73
1.70
6.69
1.75
1.74
2.29
2.12
2.06
1.98
1.65
1.72
1.58
1.52
2.17
1.58
2.86
2.08
2.00
3.83
6.98
3.39
2.79
7.14
6.04
5.23
3.01
3.80
3.80
4.37
1.54
3.36
4.03
2.91
1.69
1.83
1.78
1.65
1.20
1.52
1.56
11.8
10.6
12.0
12.5
11.1
11.5
13.2
12.7
11.0
8.4
11.4
T3.9
8.5
13.4
13.7
12.8
12.3
7.7
8.8
12.3
12.8
11.0
7.0
10.9
19.2
12.4
8.3
35.9
23.5
18.2
20.1
19.3
20.1
19.3
22.0
15.6
16.0
24.4
21.0
14.5
11.8
13.6
4.5
5.8
5.6
9.4
6.3
3.8
A-5
-------
Table A.3 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Estech stack
Location*
E04
E04
E04
E04
E05
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E06
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
E07
EOS
E08
EOS
EOS
EOS
Date Date
On Off
4/21/86 4/22/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
4.652
3.988
9.428
6.512
3.986
3.596
6.292
7.460
2.869
7.625
4.221
8.4G2
3.486
8.697
2.000
5.588
2.974
4.058
2.724
3.121
3.957
4.075
5.686
4.154
5.815
3.857
3.204
2.227
5.754
4.225
2.779
.977
2.907
3.231
3.210
3.289
3.352
4.449
3.672
5.021
3.976
7.888
3.674
5.532
1.177
2.188
2.374
2.577
Percent
Error
1.75
2.03
1.21
1.47
2.56
2.02
1.51
1.31
2.50
1.63
1.82
1.28
2.14
1.25
3.10
1.60
2.29
2.53
2.39
2.29
1.86
2.04
1.93
1.84
1.58
2.01
2.19
2.89
1.58
1.87
3.25
4.68
2.40
2.10
2.34
2.66
2.08
1.84
2.07
1.70
2.04
1.33
2.03
2.11
4.15
2.86
2.53
2.67
Percent
Moisture
3.8
5.2
27.6
13.1
3.3
21.1
10.3
13.4
14.5
10.7
17.7
20.4
10.5
12.2
14.8
18.8
12.3
9.4
14.8
16.1
13.7
13.6
9.6
9.6
12.9
7.4
2.9
6.8
16.6
7.5
5.3
14.4
14.4
15.2
11.9
13.9
9.1
15.0
8.4
8.5
14.2
12.4
8.8
14.1
15.6
12.6
11.7
12.3
A-6
-------
Table A.3 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Estech stack
Location*
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
EOS
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
E09
£09
E10
E10
E10
£10
E10
E10
E10
E10
E10
E10
E10
E10
E10
Date
On
12/23/85
1/27/86
2/17/86
3/24/86
4/21/86
5/19/86
6/16/86
7/14/86
7/25/85
9/ 9/85
10/ 7/85
10/28/85
12/ 2/85
12/23/85
1/27/86
2/17/86
3/24/86
4/21/86
5/19/86
6/16/86
7/14/86
7/25/85
9/ 9/85
10/ 7/85
10/28/85
12/ 2/85
12/23/85
1/27/86
2/17/86
3/24/86
4/21/86
5/19/86
6/16/86
7/14/86
Date
Off
12/24/85
1/28/86
2/18/86
3/25/86
4/22/86
5/20/86
6/17/86
7/15/86
7/26/85
9/10/85
10/ 8/85
10/29/85
12/ 3/85
12/24/85
1/28/86
2/18/86
3/25/86
4/22/86
5/20/86
6/17/86
7/15/86
7/26/85
9/10/85
10/ 8/85
10/29/85
12/ 3/85
12/24/85
1/28/86
2/18/86
3/25/86
4/22/86
5/20/86
6/17/86
7/15/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
3.203
3.352
2.967
3.514
3.942
3.645
5.033
2.649
5.053
1.787
8 .854
9.915
5.732
13.565
2.597
14.051
4.457
4.952
7.029
10.203
7.588
2.273
1.202
2.458
2.555
3.480
4 .579
4.399
5.356
3.374
4.813
7.459
14.496
3.828
Percent
Error
2.71
2.09
2.34
2.13
1.95
2.15
1.70
2.46
2.19
3.11
1.25
1.13
1.68
1.21
2.42
.98
1.85
1.71
1.48
1.16
1.35
3.61
4.06
2.66
2.42
2.23
2.19
1.79
1.66
2.18
1.74
1.43
.96
1.98
Percent
Moisture
11.0
13.8
12.9
12.1
7.8
8.5
15.4
11.4
16 ..4
15.8
15.2
14.5
13.2
13.4
13.9
13.9
14.1
12.7
13.4
17.3
12.7
2.2
16.1
6.4
4.1
4.1
4.8
8.7
5.5
2.3
.3
.4
20.7
13.5
*Legend
E Estech.
A-7
-------
Table A.4
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Date
Location* On
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
GDI
G01
GDI
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
G01
GDI
GDI
GDI
G01
GDI
G01
G01
G01
G01
GDI
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
Date Radon Flux Percent Percent
Off (pCi/m2-sec)
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
V 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
14.922
11.113
21.971
.639
5.142
1.393
23.561
9.805
28.238
32.566
53.069
63.313
18.576
20.899
20.926
37.760
10.072
29.642
27.427
27.534
21.310
22.125
23.121
25.510
17.295
10.613
14.043
17.724
17.420
18.755
17.421
26.693
6.077
14.781
2.524
9.556
19.772
62.785
28.635
8.623
23.446
55.659
27.645
50.287
37.219
23.206
23.144
21.940
23.603
Error Moisture
.94
1.13
.78
6.58
1.70
3.78
.74
1.16
.68
.63
.49
.45
.84
.80
.79
.59
1.23
.71
.73
.74
.82
.81
.87
.85
.93
1.13
.97
.85
.86
.84
.87
.69
1.52
.94
2.51
1.15
.82
.45
.68
1.26
.74
.48
.68
.50
.59
.75
.76
.77
.75
11.1
5.7
18.4
19.9
12.3
11.3
20.6
12.1
6.8
9.1
9.4
7.5
11.5
9.7
9.6
14.5
11.4
7.6
7.3
7.0
8.4
4.0
6.2
3.5
15.1
12.9
9.4
7.4
3.7
10.1
8.3
10.2
11.4
17.8
15.2
14.5
18.1
14.1
13.2
18.7
10.4
8.8
7.7
9.0
12.0
29.7
8.9
8.9
14.9
A-8
-------
Table A.4 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Date Date Radon Flux Percent Percent
Location* On Off (pCi/m2-sec) Error Moisture
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02
G02#
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
GO 3
G03
G03
G03
G03
G03
GO 3
G03
G03
G03
G03
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
8/26/85
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
8/27/85
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
15
6
18
12
24
16
20
14
7,
6
16,
11
10
11
5,
7
15
10
34
23
9
10
1
1
14
4
7
9
10
4,
28,
12,
20,
14.
1.
19,
16.
18,
19.
20.
28.
29.
24.
.848
.651
.082
.806
.981
.561
.231
.791
.492
.365
.977
.888
.004
.743
.968
.447
.668
.789
.844
.554
.685
.258
.823
.317
.447
.852
.225
.415
.324
.208
.999
.513
.002
.372
.004
,199
,671
,011
,626
,209
971
367
579
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
.97
.55
.90
.10
.76
.94
.94
.13
.44
.50
.88
.05
.15
.07
.54
.34
.91
.11
.61
.74
.13
.16
.13
.02
.99
.72
.37
.22
.14
.91
.67
.03
.82
.96
.70
.88
.95
.90
.88
.85
.71
.77
.86
9
7
9
6
7
8
7
5
14
12
11
8
8
12
6
6
15
18
13
15
13
17
21
19
23
15
12
7
9
9
9
8
6
7
21
11
9
9
8
7
7
4
4
.8
.9
.3
.3
.9
,3
.2
.0
.
.6
.7
.9
.1
,1
.1
.1
.6
.9
.8
.5
.5
.6
.3
.6
.3
.9
.5
.8
.8
.7
.4
.3
.2
.8
.0
.2
.8
.9
.2
.1
.0
.7
.1
A-9
-------
Table A.4 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Location*
603
G03
603
603
603
603
603
603
603
603
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
604
605
605
605
605
605
Date
On
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
Date
Off
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
28.684
44.950
10.635
10.274
17.766
27.031
11.440
36.346
56.715
16.427
9.861
7.245
9.473
.306
.956
10.902
9.607
19.132
4.948
13.391
15.993
5.251
15.878
14.118
7.733
15.669
14.526
54.371
25.885
22.575
19.560
30.360
24.178
28.544
26.391
33.561
13.954
20.510
23.352
11.029
13.999
34.245
28.602
31.633
21.027
33.863
12.109
10.967
Percent
Error
.72
.54
1.12
1.13
.85
.70
1.08
.59
.47
.89
1.17
1.42
1.21
12.16
5.06
1.15
1.19
.82
1.74
1.00
.91
1.69
.90
.98
1.33
.93
1.01
.52
.75
.81
.86
.69
.86
.80
.75
.62
.97
.79
.74
1.10
.96
.61
.67
.64
.80
.62
1.07
1.12
Percent
Moisture
15.2
9.9
10.3
10.7
4.3
8.6
7.4
9.4
9.4
24.2
10.4
6.6
17.4
16.1
16.8
14.6
19.0
12.6
8.4
10.2
11.2
11.7
10.5
9.9
8.6
14.1
10.0
4.5
9.9
10.7
8.8
5.2
7.1
6.5
11.4
9.1
9.2
13.8
12.0
10.8
10.1
9.6
20.1
16.4
11.1
15.5
13.0
10.7
A-10
-------
Table A.4 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Location*
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
GOB
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G05
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
606
G06
G06
G06
606
606
606
606
606
G06
G06
G06
Date Date
On Off
8/26/85 8/27/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
9/16/85 9/17/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
9/30/85 10/ 1/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/14/85 10/15/35
10/21/85 10/22/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
ll/ 4/85 ll/ 5/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
11/18/85 11/19/85
11/25/85 11/26/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
12/16/85 12/17/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
12/30/85 12/31/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
1/13/86 1/14/86
1/20/86 1/21/86
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/ 3/86 2/ 4/86
3/ 4/86 3/ 5/86
3/31/86 4/ 1/86
4/28/86 4/29/86
5/27/86 5/28/86
6/23/86 6/24/86
7/22/85 7/23/85
7/29/85 7/30/85
8/ 5/85 8/ 6/85
8/12/85 8/13/85
8/19/85 8/20/85
8/26/85 8/27/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
9/16/85 9/17/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
9/30/85 10/ 1/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
10/21/85 10/22/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
ll/ 4/85 ll/ 5/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
11/18/85 11/19/85
11/25/85 11/26/85
Radon Flux
(pci/m2-sec)
9.888
23.488
19.876
15.934
25.259
18.859
19.111
26.773
16.945
1.797
21.304
21.798
17.266
21.011
43.459
25.820
3.651
18.662
6.453
19.631
11.535
12.706
15.157
12.789
18.581
12.382
24.303
7.262
16.739
17.211
8.563
16.021
5.210
8.994
1.190
32.516
22.574
24.218
47.753
67.167
74.932
33.987
24.738
48.407
33.549
3.734
5.900
21.303
Percent
Error
1.22
.74
.80
.92
.71
.83
.84
.69
.89
3.12
.79
.82
.93
.83
.58
.75
2.13
.98
1.76
.87
1.09
1.02
.93
1.02
.84
1.04
.72
1.38
.89
.88
1.29
.91
1.69
1.26
4.40
.63
.75
.74
.52
.43
.42
.61
.73
.51
.63
2.11
1.65
.83
Percent
Moisture
12.0
16.9
11.0
7.5
8.6
8.9
11.1
8.4
10.2
10.2
14.4
11.9
10.8
14.3
12.1
10.8
8.2
7.3
5.4
11.6
13.7
8.7
5.2
4.6
12.0
9.3
8.2
6.5
22.1
13.3
12.6
17.8
18.9
16.0
14.6
18.5
11.9
9.3
10.8
11.0
12.5
9.3
8.7
9.3
13.7
12.1
10.5
9.8
A-ll
-------
Table A.4 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Location*
606
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G06
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
G07
Date
On
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
I/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
Date
Off
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
39.501
15.521
21.471
40.336
28.274
10.991
37.625
51.826
49.890
30.798
4.520
9.680
31.493
8.993
36.223
36.212
19.161
17.809
1.700
7.217
12.204
10.895
14.153
11.192
40.871
53.605
29.012
31.998
29.024
.881
.188
26.400
15.041
27.006
16.139
25.880
34.512
21.081
26.747
23.107
19.871
10.689
20.915
31.649
2.176
14.228
23.453
14.295
Percent
Error
.61
.97
.82
.66
.81
1.18
.59
.50
.50
.64
1.80
1.18
.63
1.23
.60
.60
.79
.87
3.34
1.42
1.05
1.10
.98
1.10
.56
.49
.67
.64
.67
5.17
17.65
.75
.99
.74
.95
.75
.72
.94
.74
.76
.81
1.12
.79
.64
2.78
.95
.74
.96
Percent
Moisture
10.7
9.9
8.5
10.3
6.9
11.9
11.2
9.0
10.6
9.5
9.4
9.9
6.9
10.0
19.8
17.1
9.7
15.7
22.4
13.7
18.9
12.8
7.8
9.2
11.9
10.1
9.5
7.7
9.9
12.3
12.0
12.4
8.7
12.0
9.2
8.2
6.9
6.3
14.6
11.4
10.4
9.3
11.1
10.8
7.0
7.4
5.9
18.9
A-12
-------
Table A.4 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Location*
G07#
GOB
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08
G08#
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
GQ9
Date
On
8/26/85
7/22/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
7/29/85
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
Date
Off
8/27/85
7/23/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
V 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/&6
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
7/30/85
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
2.973
35.327
27.640
5.976
9.595
10.725
1.258
2.077
8.339
2.986
8.376
7.282
15.484
13.458
11.889
5.634
9.770
17.669
36.415
39.084
31.200
28.992
35.036
13.597
22.688
1.378
3.995
8 .-49X)
9.255
23.986
4.790
5.787
14.581
7.039
19.442
15.537
9.982
13.323
39.432
26.352
12.891
4.180
18.331
25.803
22.845
21.542
23.290
20.116
Percent
Error
2.40
.61
.69
1.57
1.22
1.12
3.94
2.84
1.30
2.33
1.29
1.41
.93
1.01
1.06
1,61
1.25
.92
.63
.61
.68
.71
.71
1.18
.81
3.79
1.92
1.26
1.21
.74
1.74
1.55
.95
1.40
.78
.93
1,10
1.01
.57
.71
1.01
1.87
.84
.72
.75
.78
.76
.81
Percent
Moisture
14.6
17.0
18.6
20.8
16.4
15.0
20.3
12.6
11.7
11.4
9.3
10.2
9.3
8.0
8.7
9.5
9.6
8.3
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.6
5.5
6.9
15.4
8.5
8.3
7.4
6.7
7.1
4.6
5.3
5.2
17.8
14.8
14.2
13.2
15.9
16.6
14.5
14.7
19,5
14.3
7.0
6.2
9.0
8.8
8.5
A-13
-------
Table A.4 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Date Date Radon Flux Percent Percent
Location* On Off (pCi/m2-sec) Error Moisture
609
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G09
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
7/22/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
7/23/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
20.368
17.431
23.747
2.925
4.138
13.779
6.827
10.265
11.220
15.375
13.943
13.900
13.360
9.409
14.463
8.990
32.238
6.421
17.392
16.755
4.894
99.141
27.316
62.096
46.456
17.289
27.468
28.306
14.575
27.179
22.675
21.631
12.862
15.908
14.709
5.684
16.380
18.786
69.659
17.376
14.625
22.394
31.245
55.235
.81
.87
.75
2.43
2.02
1.04
1.53
1.21
1.15
1.09
1.16
1.04
1.01
1.20
.95
1.23
.64
1.48
.86
.89
1.72
.36
.65
.46
.53
.89
.68
.67
.95
.70
.76
.78
1.04
.92
.96
1.58
.91
.89
.46
.92
1.02
.81
.68
.56
5.7
14.1
14.4
14.6
12.8
12.4
8.3
6.7
6.1
5.1
8.0
13.9
10.8
11.0
10.8
8.6
11.7
9.6
4.0
5.6
19.5
15.7
10.6
15.6
13.9
12.1
11.4
15.8
14.2
12.0
12.6
14.7
9.7
10.8
8.8
10.4
18.1
9.7
9.0
9.9
9.4
a. 2
6.6
4.6
A-14
-------
Table A.4 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Gardinier stack
Location*
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
Date
On
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
3/ 4/86
3/31/86
4/28/86
5/27/86
6/23/86
Date
Off
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
3/ 5/86
4/ 1/86
4/29/86
5/28/86
6/24/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
9.032
16.647
1.669
13.509
9.844
56.234
33.958
1.743
19.259
23.511
2.805
Percent
Error
1.47
.95
3.34
.99
1.17
.47
.62
3.20
.82
.75
2-.37v
Percent
Moisture
5.2
13.2
12.3
11.6
9.4
4.9
7.9
7.3
10.3
7.2
18. 5
*Legend
G Gardinier.
# Invalid flux measurement.
A-15
-------
Table A.5
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R.
Grace stack
Location*
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
Date Date
On Off
7/24/85 7/25/85
7/29/85 7/30/85
8/ 5/85 8/ 6/85
8/12/85 8/13/85
8/19/85 8/20/85
8/26/85 8/27/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
9/16/85 9/17/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
9/30/85 10/ 1/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
10/21/85 10/22/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
ll/ 4/85 ll/ 5/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
11/18/85 11/19/85
11/25/85 11/26/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
12/16/85 12/17/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
12/30/85 12/31/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
1/13/86 1/14/86
1/20/86 1/21/86
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/ 3/86 2/ 4/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
2/24/86 2/25/86
3/ 4/86 3/ 5/86
3/10/86 3/11/86
3/17/86 3/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
3/31/86 4/ 1/86
4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86
4/14/86 4/15/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
4/28/86 4/29/86
5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86
5/12/86 5/13/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
5/27/86 5/28/86
Radon Flux
(pci/m2-sec)
3.351
31.283
1.100
4.441
19.321
54.133
32.941
6.185
65.012
23.384
5.006
10.170
7.236
30.044
17.112
19.896
33.431
61.102
20.458
13.956
24.364
14.871
16.578
15.177
24.725
34.862
21.209
20.833
29.311
13.144
22.608
25.923
31.668
24.235
6.777
16.834
20.206
16.778
26.940
14.437
14.033
43.317
25.225
34.451
4.149
Percent
Error
2.29
.66
4.55
1.84
.84
.48
.61
1.47
.44
.74
1.71
1.17
1.39
.65
.84
.82
.66
.48
.84
1.05
.77
1.00
1.07
1.12
.79
.60
.77
.77
.66
1.01
.76
.71
.64
.74
1.41
.89
.80
.91
.69
.96
.92
.54
.69
.63
1.89
Percent
Moisture
13.2
6.3
14.0
15.1
15.4
10.3
10.1
10.3
5.8
11.3
8.7
8.7
6.6
4.5
7.4
7.6
7.4
6.8
6.6
5.9
7.3
6.7
7.0
5.8
13.4
11.8
7.5
9.2
7.1
12.1
9.4
9.9
10.3
12.7
13.5
7.8
7.9
8.8
9.1
7.6
5.5
4.0
6.6
4.3
3.8
A-16
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R. Grace stack
Date
Location* On
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01
GR01T
GR01T
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
7/14/86
6/ 2/86
7/14/86
7/24/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
2/10/86
2/17/86
2/24/86
3/ 4/86
3/10/86
3/17/86
3/24/86
3/31/86
4/ 7/86
Date
Radon Flux
Percent Percent
Off (pCi/m2-sec) Error
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
7/15/86
6/ 3/86
7/15/86
7/25/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
2/11/86
2/18/86
2/25/86
3/ 5/86
3/11/86
3/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 1/86
4/ 8/86
3
5
12
12
6
13
12
6
2
2
23
20
18
5
5
13
2
19
12
16
20
4
6
9
14
15
16
9
12
10
9
9
12
8
11
11
7
11
20
10
14
13
9
4
6
5
10
.392
.050
.052
.569
.676
.091
.971
.022
.622
.766
.354
.404
.520
.800
.174
.783
.617
.991
.056
.290
.981
.720
.229
.200
.335
.477
. 5 W
.925
.896
.094
.920
.250
.393
.763
.705
.323
.779
.772
.655
.185
.964
.313
.862
.004
.677
.790
.053
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
.
*
.
1.
1.
^
2.
.
1.
,
f
1.
1.
1.
.
,
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.
1.
.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
20
71
05
03
45
01
01
61
53
52
76
83
84
61
68
96
43
81
05
90
80
76
50
17
98
98
95
23
10
21
24
47
25
37
06
08
30
07
81
16
94
01
18
90
46
59
20
Moisture
4.
10.
14.
14.
9.
11.
8.
99.
99.
17.
10.
12.
9.
29.
25.
22.
20.
19.
14.
17.
15.
5.
3.
3.
6.
4.
5.
5.
3.
6.
5.
4.
3.
6.
6.
5.
5.
5.
16.
14.
12.
9.
11.
11.
6.
7.
3.
9
2
9
3
3
7
7
0
0
2
1
5
4
3
9
5
8
3
4
2
8
6
2
4
0
9
6
6
7
9
9
7
0
9
4
2
8
2
1
3
1
1
1
9
8
2
8
A-17
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon Flux and moisture content associated with W.R.
Grace stack
Location*
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02
GR02T
GR02T
GR02T
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
Date Date
On Off
4/14/86 4/15/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
4/28/86 4/29/86
5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86
5/12/86 5/13/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
5/27/86 5/28/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
6/ 9/86 6/10/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
6/23/86 6/24/86
6/30/86 7/ 1/86
7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/24/35 7/25/85
7/29/85 7/30/85
8/12/85 8/13/85
8/19/85 8/20/85
8/26/85 8/27/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
9/16/85 9/17/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
9/30/85 10/ 1/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
10/21/85 10/22/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
ll/ 4/85 ll/ 5/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
11/18/85 11/19/85
11/25/85 11/26/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
12/16/85 12/17/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
12/30/85 12/31/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
1/13/86 1/14/86
1/20/86 1/21/86
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/ 3/86 2/ 4/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
2/24/86 2/25/86
3/ 4/86 3/ 5/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
5.527
15.912
6.077
4.420
9.065
13.103
4.454
7.193
11.115
6.429
5.510
7.959
2.078
10.293
37.098
17.406
28.834
17.864
23.220
28.724
25.478
15.663
13.950
3.506
18.110
16.173
13.004
7.007
10.836
9.800
23.997
19.525
7.270
8.751
15.001
9.280
11.734
13.597
21.748
15.291
10.236
14.611
13.667
14.335
14.178
18.523
26.759
18.145
16.404
Percent
Error
1.60
.91
1.45
1.82
1.19
1.04
1.82
1.44
1.12
1.48
1.63
1.34
2.91
1.14
.62
.91
.69
.88
.76
.67
.73
.92
.96
2.04
.85
.90
1.01
1.44
1.12
1.17
.71
.83
1.45
1.32
.99
1.30
1.12
1.05
.93
1.12
1.26
.94
.97
.94
.97
.85
.70
.85
.90
Percent
Moisture
6.1
6.5
9.8
7.4
9.7
8.0
3.6
5.4
7.5
16.3
12.9
14.6
11.4
10.4
99.0
99.0
99.0
11.1
3.1
10.5
14.0
13.4
17.8
12.6
7.9
11.3
10.1
8.7
5.4
3.7
6.1
6.2
8.9
5.3
3.6
7.3
8.0
7.3
7.6
6.9
11.6
13.1
8.5
8.3
5.9
15.2
11.2
14.6
9.2
A-18
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R.
Grace stack
Date
Location* On
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03
GR03#
GR03T
GR03T
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
3/10/86
3/17/86
3/24/86
3/31/86
. 4/ 7/86
4/14/86
4/21/86
4/28/86
5/ 5/86
5/12/86
5/19/86
5/27/86
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
7/14/86
8/ 5/85
6/ 2/86
7/14/86
7/24/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
Date
Off
3/11/86
3/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 1/86
4/ 8/86
4/15/86
4/22/86
4/29/86
5/ 6/86
5/13/86
5/20/86
5/28/86
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
7/15/86
8/ 6/85
6/ 3/86
7/15/86
7/25/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
19.438
4.781
12 . 765
13.042
15.493
10.236
16.043
11.788
10.964
20.089
20.035
11.853
18.012
20.076
14.103
5.540
35.069
3.768
7.112
29.913
15.514
7.270
12.463
21.583
22.322
23.459
22.680
15.897
18.332
21.576
12.726
16.080
17.098
11.633
14.495
9.504
18.544
21.608
17.502
15.372
20.991
20.281
17.184
23.304
23.196
22.551
17.052
Percent
Error
.83
1.72
1.03
1.02
.95
1.14
.91
1.02
1.10
.78
.83
1.07
.89
.82
.97
1.62
.61
2.01
1.39
.68
.97
1.42
1.07
.79
.79
.74
.77
.91
.83
.76
1.02
.90
.87
1.09
.96
1.19
.81
.79
.91
.98
.83
.87
.92
.79
.90
.92
.96
Percent
Moisture
11.4
24.1
10.4
7.9
5.4
8.2
6.1
8.0
6.0
6.9
7.5
2.6
3.8
13.1
21.4
22.4
13.8
18.9
12.5
16.5
99.0
99.0
9.3
6.4
12.8
10.4
11.0
8.2
12.1
9.3
6.4
8.5
7.5
7.7
6.4
2.6
5.9
7.7
6.6
5.7
8.6
6.0
8.3
7.1
6.2
5.7
10.9
A-19
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R. Grace stack
Location*
6R04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04
GR04T
GR04T
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
Date
On
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
2/10/86
2/17/86
2/24/86
3/ 4/86
3/10/86
3/17/86
3/24/86
3/31/86
4/ 7/86
4/14/86
4/21/86
4/28/86
5/ 5/86
5/12/86
5/19/86
5/27/86
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
7/14/86
6/ 2/86
7/14/86
7/24/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
Date
Off
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
2/11/86
2/18/86
2/25/86
3/ 5/86
3/11/86
3/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 1/86
4/ 8/86
4/15/86
4/22/86
4/29/86
5/ 6/86
5/13/86
5/20/86
5/28/86
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
7/15/86
6/ 3/86
7/15/86
7/25/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
Radon Flux
(pci/m2-sec)
12.426
18.233
19.281
19.913
39.080
31.806
31.117
15.115
30.229
10.925
24.621
10.200
12.757
12.695
9.789
4.750
12.549
16.246
21.616
13.414
18.991
12.619
7.963
7.401
7.038
7.559
7.589
1.473
1.139
7.613
20.705
42.504
34.616
23.354
23.415
28.515
12.149
20.369
23.421
20.799
18.649
17.141
20.199
20.548
20.630
22.286
21.149
Percent
Error
1.03
.84
.81
.81
.58
.64
.64
.94
.66
1.10
.73
1.16
1.05
1.02
1.18
1.66
1.02
.87
.80
1.00
.86
1.04
1.31
1.38
1.42
1.36
1.34
3.77
4.36
1.39
.81
.57
.61
.76
.74
.66
1.03
.80
.74
.79
.85
.88
.80
.77
.81
.81
.83
Percent
Moisture
10.8
6.8
7.6
5.5
15.1
8.7
13.4
6.9
10.5
17.0
5.6
6.2
3.7
7.7
3.9
4.3
4.4
6.0
6.7
2.7
4.3
12.6
20.5
19.1
16.7
15.8
8.1
99.0
99.0
12.1
4.7
16.6
12.6
12.1
7.6
11.3
13.9
8.3
13.1
7.7
7.9
5.5
6.0
5.6
10.2
7.7
6.1
A-20
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon Flux and moisture content associated with W.R. Grace stack
Location*
6R05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05
GR05T
GR05T
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
Date
On
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
2/10/86
2/17/86
2/24/86
3/ 4/86
3/10/86
3/17/86
3/24/86
3/31/86
4/ 7/86
4/14/86
4/21/86
4/28/86
5/ 5/86
5/12/86
5/19/86
5/27/86
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
7/14/86
6/ 2/86
7/14/86
7/24/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
Date
Off
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
2/11/86
2/18/86
2/25/86
3/ 5/86
3/11/86
3/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 1/86
4/ 8/86
4/15/86
4/22/86
4/29/86
5/ 6/86
5/13/86
5/20/86
5/28/86
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
7/15/86
6/ 3/S6
7/15/86
7/25/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
27.209
22.843
23.771
22.365
21.016
23.413
21.598
36.657
24.022
31.554
24.505
24.836
12.398
33.640
25.199
32.912
25.617
22.009
20.474
11.986
16.666
13.317
10.725
42.598
16.441
27.304
38.326
18.027
11.029
19.551
17.269
15.235
14.864
11.794
.496
.484
2.833
13.622
.220
.505
1.937
4.019
1.046
.356
1.081
1.222
1.811
Percent
Error
.73
.81
.78
.81
.95
.90
.85
.59
.73
.63
.73
.73
1.04
.62
.72
.63
.70
.78
.80
1.09
.88
1.00
1.07
.54
.87
.71
.58
.88
1.12
.82
.88
.94
.95
1.06
8.37
8.23
2.45
1.00
16.88
7.93
3.12
1.93
4.33
10.06
4.51
4.20
3.22
Percent
Moisture
6.4
5.0
7.3
6.2
5.3
6.5
15.9
18.2
7.7
8.8
5.6
15.6
9.9
13.3
8.5
12.5
20.8
7.5
8.3
5.7
7.8
5.4
2.8
3.3
5.5
6.0
a. 5
3.4
14.0
24.5
19.9
15.0
14.9
7.3
99.0
99. 0
17.3
15.0
32.7
17.5
26.9
9.8
28.7
16.3
15.6
16.1
9.2
A-21
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R. Grace stack
Location*
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06
GR06T
GR06T
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
Date Date
On Off
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
10/21/85 10/22/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
ll/ 4/85 ll/ 5/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
11/18/85 11/19/85
11/25/85 11/26/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
12/16/85 12/17/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
12/30/85 12/31/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
1/13/86 1/14/86
1/20/86 1/21/86
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/ 3/86 2/ 4/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
2/24/86 2/25/86
3/ 4/86 3/ 5/86
3/10/86 3/11/86
3/17/86 3/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
3/31/86 4/ 1/86
4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86
4/14/86 4/15/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
4/28/86 4/29/86
5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86
5/12/86 5/13/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
5/27/86 5/28/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
6/ 9/86 6/10/86
6/16/86 6/17/86
6/23/86 6/24/86
6/30/86 7/ 1/86
7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/24/85 7/25/85
7/29/85 7/30/85
8/ 5/85 8/ 6/85
8/12/85 8/13/85
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
1.599
2.368
2.614
3.051
1.302
3.819
3.751
7.051
5.097
6.364
4.314
7.208
9.221
5.790
2.436
3.323
2.062
7.762
.998
7.120
2.223
7.958
13.890
1.725
4.123
3.372
3.653
4.374
2.924
3.209
9.431
10.139
17.458
22.275
13.983
6.831
.726
9.273
2.205
5.713
3.731
3.673
2.094
14.529
14.942
13.537
15.887
Percent
Error
3.56
2.65
2.47
2.16
3.95
2.06
2.11
1.47
1.81
1.56
1.95
1.68
1.47
1.71
2.56
2.11
2.79
1.33
4.82
1.41
2.75
1.32
.99
3.15
1.91
2.13
2.09
1.82
2.32
2.08
1.19
1.12
.89
.77
1.01
1.45
5.75
1.22
2.78
1.58
1.99
2.13
2.90
.88
.96
1.02
.91
Percent
Moisture
14.1
7.4
5.9
7.3
13.4
7.7
7.0
6.1
6.4
8.4
6.2
6.0
4.9
17.1
14.3
7.8
7.2
5.8
20.1
11.7
13.9
9.9
11.2
21.6
12.9
11.8
8.5
9.7
7.0
5.2
4.3
7.0
9.4
4.0
4.0
9.9
24.1
15.7
11.2
15.3
10.4
99.0
99.0
12.1
12.1
18.8
17.6
A-22
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R. Grace stack
Location*
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
GR07
Date
On
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
2/10/86
2/17/86
2/24/86
3/ 4/86
3/10/86
3/17/86
3/24/86
3/31/86
4/ 7/86
4/14/86
4/21/86
4/28/86
5/ 5/86
5/12/86
5/19/86
5/27/86
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
Date
Off
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
2/11/86
2/18/86
2/25/86
3/ 5/86
3/11/86
3/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 1/86
4/ 8/86
4/15/86
4/22/86
4/29/86
5/ 6/86
5/13/86
5/20/86
5/28/86
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
13.567
11.017
2.885
2. 809
10.110
9.523
14.590
14.805
11.493
10.388
19.234
4.844
11.300
7.002
19.070
22.922
16.864
63.139
47.285
30.574
30.011
40.967
23.811
47.624
21.825
210.174
38.863
7.033
38.043
22.750
4.330
7.720
18.169
15.198
15.667
16.716
13.132
21.588
21.569
36.084
25.575
27.4-37
27.535
7.839
5.671
32.546
14.938
Percent
Error
1.01
1.10
2.26
2.32
1.15
1.12
.95
.J5
1.09
1.13
.79
1.75
1.15
1.49
.87
.81
.93
.48
.62
.78
.72
.55
.73
.51
.77
.25
.58
1.41
.58
.77
1.82
1.35
.85
.96
.91
.89
,96
.77
.75
.61
.71
.71
.69
1.32
1.59
.63
.94
Percent
Moisture
19.2
12.8
18.5
17.1
10.4
13.4
11.5
12.7
10.9
6.9
10.6
11.9
9.8
9.8
3.1
7.7
9.5
7.1
7.6
7.0
16.9
16.2
11.2
11.0
8.1
12.5
11.0
12.6
9.8
12.3
19.2
12.2
13.3
10.9
11.6
9.5
9.5
8,9
10.7
8.1
6.5
6.7
10.9
20.1
18.4
16.0
12.5
A-23
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R.
Grace stack
Location*
GR07
GR07T
GR07T
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
Date Date
On Off
7/14/86 7/15/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
7/14/86 7/15/86
7/24/85 7/25/85
7/29/85 7/30/85
8/ 5/85 8/ 6/85
8/12/85 8/13/85
8/19/85 8/20/85
8/26/85 8/27/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/ 9/85 9/10/85
9/16/85 9/T7/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
9/30/85 10/ 1/85
10/ 7/85 10/ 8/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
10/21/85 10/22/85
10/28/85 10/29/85
ll/ 4/85 ll/ 5/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
11/18/85 11/19/85
11/25/85 11/26/85
12/ 2/85 12/ 3/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
12/16/85 12/17/85
12/23/85 12/24/85
12/30/85 12/31/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
1/13/86 1/14/86
1/20/86 1/21/86
1/27/86 1/28/86
2/ 3/86 2/ 4/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
2/17/86 2/18/86
2/24/86 2/25/86
3/ 4/86 3/ 5/86
3/10/86 3/11/86
3/17/86 3/18/86
3/24/86 3/25/86
3/31/86 4/ 1/86
4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86
4/14/86 4/15/86
4/21/86 4/22/86
4/28/86 4/29/86
5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86
5/12/86 5/13/86
5/19/86 5/20/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
17.078
1.088
1.217
13.271
12.684
9.717
14.832
5.763
11.3G9
17.904
8.054
18.759
11.072
10.569
8.505
9.811
11.442
11.034
.272
5.310
28.509
16.033
14.557
16.694
12.339
8.683
10.426
7.831
19.217
14.059
19.967
10.177
14.445
16.082
14.248
21.354
14.084
4.432
7.103
10.255
9.411
9.048
10.663
9.881
18.970
15.324
14.202
Percent
Error
.87
4.62
4.17
.96
1.04
1.21
.94
1.61
1.09
.83
1.28
.83
1.10
1.13
1.29
1.18
1.07
1.06
13.16
1.72
.72
.95
1.03
.93
1.10
1.51
1.37
1.45
.82
.96
.79
1.15
.97
.91
.96
.78
.99
1.79
1.41
1.15
1.23
1.22
1.12
1.11
.82
.90
.99
Percent
Moisture
10.9
99.0
99.0
11.8
9.2
18.1
16.8
17.2
14.2
16.2
16.3
10.1
14.5
9.3
13.2
9.6
9.4
8.7
9.9
6.6
8.3
8.9
7.2
9.2
8.2
6.9
5.0
13.3
11.9
7.9
8.9
6.7
16.3
14.3
16.5
11.8
13.0
18.3
12.9
10.3
9.1
9.9
8.5
7.9
7.7
7.7
6.4
A-24
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R.
Grace stack
Location*
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR08
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
Date
On
5/27/86
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
7/14/86
7/24/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
2/10/86
2/17/86
2/24/86
3/ 4/86
3/10/86
3/17/86
3/24/86
3/31/86
4/ 7/86
4/14/86
Date
Off
5/28/86
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
7/15/86
7/25/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
2/11/86
2/18/86
2/25/86
3/ 5/86
3/11/86
3/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 1/86
4/ 8/86
4/15/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
17.052
13.694
9.670
8.184
3.098
4.775
32.083
12.730
18.616
17.086
27.027
22.036
16.236
15.804
9.250
4.116
21.144
16.930
16.541
17.596
12.764
6.156
4.418
7.409
6.827
10.284
7.. 724
9.466
8.479
9.084
5.990
8.646
15.357
8.967
7.168
8.383
7.415
11.248
9.412
5.574
16.779
16.508
23.023
7.226
19.535
4.744
23.223
Percent
Error
.88
1.02
1.20
1.29
2.24
1.75
.64
1.02
.89
.89
.71
.76
.92
.91
1.18
1.86
.78
.88
.89
.87
1.03
1.50
1.74
1.39
1.50
1.22
1.40
1.29
1.33
1.30
1.86
1.52
1.02
1.22
1.37
1.25
?,.36
1.11
1.21
1.60
.89
.91
.74
1.40
.82
1.80
.74
Percent
Moisture
5.9
6.1
12.0
22.3
15.6
14.4
9.8
7.1
5.5
6.7
10.3
9.1
9.1
9.7
10.8
13.6
6.9
10.8
8.0
7.4
9.1
11.8
9.4
8.2
8.3
9.9
9.2
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.0
7.3
10.7
10.0
7.6
7.6
7.7
10.3
9.5
8.8
7.4
10.8
14.7
14.1
8.4
5.6
7.4
A-25
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R,
Grace stack
Location*
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GR09
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GR10
GR10
GR10
GRID
GR10
GR10
GRID
GR10
GR10
GRID
GR10
GR10
GRID
Date
On
4/21/86
4/28/86
5/ 5/86
5/12/86
5/19/86
5/27/86
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
7/14/86
7/24/85
7/29/85
8/ 5/85
8/12/85
8/19/85
8/26/85
9/ 3/85
9/ 9/85
9/16/85
9/23/85
9/30/85
10/ 7/85
10/14/85
10/21/85
10/28/85
ll/ 4/85
11/12/85
11/18/85
11/25/85
12/ 2/85
12/ 9/85
12/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
I/ 6/86
1/13/86
1/20/86
1/27/86
2/ 3/86
2/10/86
2/17/86
2/24/86
3/ 4/86
Date
Off
4/22/86
4/29/86
5/ 6/86
5/13/86
5/20/86
5/28/86
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
7/15/86
7/25/85
7/30/85
8/ 6/85
8/13/85
8/20/85
8/27/85
9/ 4/85
9/10/85
9/17/85
9/24/85
10/ 1/85
10/ 8/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
ll/ 5/85
11/13/85
11/19/85
11/26/85
12/ 3/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
I/ 7/86
1/14/86
1/21/86
1/28/86
2/ 4/86
2/11/86
2/18/86
2/25/86
3/ 5/86
Pa don Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
10.224
5.793
20.432
11.685
10.346
28.115
13.614
3.283
1.753
64.793
25.892
11.820
8.696
7.747
7.690
9.781
14.921
2.048
6.055
24.198
.255
3.969
1.981
24.595
25.293
17.887
22.461
20.578
53.515
17.855
23.390
20.800
29.132
30.254
29.196
26.587
23.380
9.499
17.174
9.022
22.158
18.100
48.980
33.242
7.494
23.288
Percent
Error
1.15
1.49
.79
1.03
1.18
.68
1.02
2.19
3.15
.45
.72
1.07
1.25
1.31
1.36
1.21
.93
3.00
1.52
.71
13.25
1.94
3.02
.72
.72
.86
.76
.76
.50
.90
.79
.83
.72
.69
.71
.84
.89
1.31
.86
1.21
.75
.84
.52
.63
1.36
.75
Percent
Moisture
7.2
5.0
4.2
5.9
6.7
4.0
3.5
10.4
20.3
15.4
8.7
12.6
10.0
8.4
8.5
9.7
13.1
13.4
13.7
14.3
13 .2
7.3
14.2
10. 1
8.7
7.8
6.3
7.4
9.2
6.9
8.2
8.5
7.3
8.2
7.1
7.1
4.4
16.7
14.7
9.3
9.8
6.7
12.0
11.0
11.9
10.2
A-26
-------
Table A.5 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with W.R.
Grace stack
Location*
GRID
GR10
GR10
GR10
GRID
GRID
GRID
GR10
GRID
GRID
GRID
GR10
GR10
GR10
GR10
GRID
GR10
GR10
GR10
Date
On
3/10/86
3/17/86
3/24/86
3/31/86
4/ 7/86
4/14/86
4/21/86
4/28/86
5/ 5/86
5/12/86
5/19/86
5/27/86
6/ 2/86
6/ 9/86
6/16/86
6/23/86
6/30/86
7/ 7/86
7/14/86
Date
Off
3/11/86
3/18/86
3/25/86
4/ 1/86
4/ 8/86
4/15/86
4/22/86
4/29/86
5/ 6/86
5/13/86
5/20/86
5/28/86
6/ 3/86
6/10/86
6/17/86
6/24/86
7/ 1/86
7/ 8/86
7/15/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
16.785
1.542
4.978
7.030
10.136
10.198
12.800
13.044
20.800
21.870
29.215
28.274
27.541
14.840
10.196
.960
1.938
3.391
5.038
Percent
Error
.90
3.39
1.71
1.40
1.19
1.14
1.02
.96
.78
.74
. 66
.68
.71
.96
1.15
4.78
2.99
2.12
1.68
Percent
Moisture
16.0
19.8
16.7
10.9
9.2
13.1
8.3
9.1
7.3
9.0
7.6
5.6
6.9
8.9
21.6
17.6
11.4
8.1
8.0
*Legend
GR W.R. Grace.
# Invalid flux measurement.
99.0 Moisture sample not collected,
T Alpha track detector location,
A-27
-------
Table A.6
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Royster stack
Location*
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01
R01#
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R02
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R03
R04
R04
R04
R04
R04
R04
R04
R04
R04
Date Date
On Off
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
3/10/86 3/11/86
4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86
5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86
6/30/86 7/ 1/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
3/10/86 3/11/86
4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86
5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
6/30/86 7/ 1/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
3/10/86 3/11/86
4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86
5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86
6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86
6/30/86 7/ 1/86
7/25/85 7/26/85
9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85
9/23/85 9/24/85
10/14/85 10/15/85
11/12/85 11/13/85
12/ 9/85 12/10/85
I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86
2/10/86 2/11/86
3/10/86 3/11/86
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
31.436
33.756
21.037
15.490
37.349
41.588
22.902
39.803
4.511
7.619
4.760
.588
5.841
22.238
29.486
20.875
17.307
30.227
31.904
80.687
26.444
1.711
11.363
3.502
35.691
2.001
55.865
60.600
17.511
13.540
18.451
17.162
11.355
21.866
2.976
6.362
4.457
9.364
1.740
41.955
36.324
17.644
14.243
24.951
29.681
11.427
17.796
26.904
Percent
Error
.81
.60
.79
.92
.62
.59
.82
.57
1.77
1.37
1.75
6.85
1.59
.97
.64
.79
.87
.69
.67
.43
.70
3.16
1.10
2.09
.61
2.92
.61
.44
.87
.99
.89
.92
1.18
.77
2.26
1.50
1.82
1.23
3.20
.70
.58
.86
.96
.76
.70
1.17
.86
.69
Percent
Moisture
10.5
18.7
6.7
3.3
5.6
6.3
15.4
11.1
15.0
14.8
7.9
19.3
26.2
9.6
20.3
5.3
5.8
5.9
6.4
19.7
35.8
30.9
14.9
20.9
10.2
18.7
12.8
18.3
6.9
7.7
8.0
8.9
19.7
27.5
31.7
14.1
13.9
11.6
23.9
10.9
20.6
4.5
5.8
7.1
6.6
15.6
17.7
22.4
A-28
-------
Table A.6 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Royster stack
Location*
R04
R04
R04
R04
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R05
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R06
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R07
R08
R08
R08
R08
R08
Date
On
4/ 7/86
5/ 5/86
6/ 2/86
6/30/86
7/25/85
9/ 3/85
9/23/85
10/14/85
11/12/85
12/ 9/85
I/ 6/86
2/10/86
3/10/86
4/ 7/86
5/ 5/86
6/ 2/86
6/30/86
7/25/85
9/ 3/85
9/23/85
10/14/85
11/12/85
12/ 9/85
I/ 6/86
2/10/86
3/10/86
4/ 7/86
5/ 5/86
6/ 2/86
6/30/86
7/25/85
9/ 3/85
9/23/85
10/14/85
11/12/85
12/ 9/85
I/ 6/86
2/10/86
3/10/86
4/ 7/86
5/ 5/86
6/ 2/86
6/30/86
7/25/85
9/ 3/85
9/23/85
10/14/85
11/12/85
Date
Off
4/ 8/86
5/ 6/86
6/ 3/86
7/ 1/86
7/26/85
9/ 4/85
9/24/85
10/15/85
11/13/85
12/10/85
I/ 7/86
2/11/86
3/11/86
4/ 8/86
5/ 6/86
6/ 3/86
7/ 1/86
7/26/85
9/ 4/85
9/24/85
10/15/85
11/13/85
12/10/85
I/ 7/86
2/11/86
3/11/86
4/ 8/86
5/ 6/86
6/ 3/86
7/ 1/86
7/26/85
9/ 4/85
9/24/85
10/15/85
11/13/85
12/10/85
I/ 7/86
2/11/86
3/11/86
4/ 8/86
5/ 6/86
6/ 3/86
7/ 1/86
7/26/85
9/ 4/85
9/24/85
10/15/85
11/13/85
Radon Flux
(pCi/m2-sec)
2.630
4.582
5.212
2.708
19.975
12.095
12.719
13.610
12.611
15.952
36.623
21.209
13.988
3.178
23.897
11.380
17.913
41.391
22.271
36.773
23.650
3.704
35.682
25.655
43.945
26.155
3 .453
10.469
14.558
28.348
41.125
17.445
18.193
24.824
22.330
44.582
6.956
41.113
49.957
5.866
6.160
10.100
24.233
26.989
24.467
18.955
11.851
16.769
Percent
Error
2.50
1.79
1.69
2.43
1.04
1.02
1.02
.99
1.09
.96
.64
.78
.96
2.24
.74
1.11
.86
.71
.74
.59
.75
2.11
.63
.77
.54
.69
2.13
1.14
.97
.68
.72
.84
.84
.72
.81
.57
1.54
.56
.50
1.58
1.51
1.18
.74
.90
.70
.82
1.07
.94
Percent
Moisture
12.7
8.1
19.3
21.2
12.3
28.8
6.7
4.9
9.4
7.8
13.0
14.4
11.7
24.4
12.8
11.4
17.1
15.2
29.9
11.7
15.3
5.8
11.2
14.8
10.2
15.9
18.5
18.8
9.2
24.0
13.6
26.2
11.0
5.9
8.5
9.1
16.0
14.3
12.7
11.5
18.6
12.2
24.2
11.7
22.9
5.0
1.7
2.8
A-29
-------
Table A.6 - Continued
Radon flux and moisture content associated with Royster stack
Date Date Radon Flux Percent Percent
Location* On Off (pCi/m2-sec) Error Moisture
R08 12/ 9/85 12/10/85 26.870 .73 6.1
R08 I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86 19.691 .89 21.8
R08 2/10/86 2/11/86 67.258 .43 14.5
R08 3/10/86 3/11/86 35.804 .59 22.0
R08 4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86 8.418 1.30 8.0
R08 5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86 14.515 .95 18.9
R08 6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86 16.348 .92 9.5
R08 6/30/86 7/ 1/86 59.272 .47 17.2
R09 7/25/85 7/26/85 18.707 1.08 14.0
R09 9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85 16.787 .85 21.3
R09 9/23/85 9/24/85 24.330 .72 6.3
R09 10/14/85 10/15/85 9.696 1.19 37
R09 11/12/85 11/13/85 20.345 .85 5.2
R09 I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86 24.601 .79 20.5
R09 3/10/86 3/11/86 37.946 .57 29 5
R09 4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86 8.127 1.32 17.7
R09 5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86 17.413 .87 20.1
R09 6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86 16.713 .91 81
R09 6/30/86 7/ 1/86 24.234 .74 20*3
R09# 12/ 9/85 12/10/85 13.941 1.03 59
RIO 7/25/85 7/26/85 32.547 .81 13 7
RIO 9/ 3/85 9/ 4/85 41.439 .54 24*2
RIO 9/23/85 9/24/85 18.788 .83 6*5
RIO 10/14/85 10/15/85 17.275 .88 6*7
RIO 11/12/85 11/13/85 30.787 .69 5*8
RIO 12/ 9/85 12/10/85 29.777 .69 7*8
RIO I/ 6/86 I/ 7/86 20.821 .86 18*8
RIO 2/10/86 2/11/86 7.857 1.33 15*7
RIO 3/10/86 3/11/86 2.988 2.25 23*0
RIO 4/ 7/86 4/ 8/86 15.485 .94 12 2
RIO 5/ 5/86 5/ 6/86 16.949 .88 7*6
RIO 6/30/86 7/ 1/86 6.905 1.43 20*8
R10# 6/ 2/86 6/ 3/86 3.782 2.04 37.0
*Legend
R Royster.
# Invalid flux measurement.
A-30
-------
APPENDIX B
Radlonuclide concentrations measured In high-volume
air samples and particle size samples
-------
Table B.I Gross radioactivity results^3' in high volume air samples - background location
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Sampling Period
07/27/85-08/26/85
08/26/85-09/30/85
09/30/85-11/04/85
11/04/85-12/03/85
12/03/85-12/30/85
12/30/85-02/03/86
02/03/86-03/03/86
03/03/86-03/31/86
03/31/86-04/28/86
04/28/86-05/27/86
05/27/86-06/23/86
06/23/86-07/17/86
Ra-226 Ra-228
4.5E-5 3.4E-5
3.4E-5
3.4E-5
2.6E-5
2.4E-5
3.6E-5
4.6E-5
2.6E-5
5.8E-5
4.8E-5
6.1E-5
7.9E-5
U-234
4.1E-5
2.7E-5
4.2E-5
2.6E-5
2.5E-5
2.3E-5
4.8E-5
1.9E-5
4.2E-5
3.2E-5
2.7E-5
1.9E-5
U-235
1.2E-6
7.2E-7
2.2E-6
2.0E-6
8.7E-7
6.4E-7
2.5E-6
6.6E-7
2.5E-6
2.1E-6
1.3E-6
5.4E-6
U-238
3.7E-5
2.7E-5
3.5E-5
2.7E-5
2.8E-5
2.4E-5
4.3E-5
1.7E-5
5.4E-5
2.9E-5
2.3E-5
3.4E-5
Th-227
2.1E-6
1.2E-6
-5.2E-7
1.6E-6
3.8E-7
-4.6E-7
1.7E-6
7.9E-7
4.4E-6
1.2E-6
3.8E-7
O.OE+0
Th-228
3.5E-7
1.2E-6
4.6E-6
5.4E-6
4.8E-6
7.1E-6
6.3E-6
4.8E-6
6.5E-6
2.9E-7
8.7E-7
1.4E-5
Th-230
3.8E-5
2.2E-5
4.0E-5
2.8E-5
2.2E-5
3.3E-5
5.6E-5
2.4E-5
3.7E-5
3.5E-5
3.0E-5
5.1E-5
Th-232
1.1E-5
9.9E-6
6.8E-6
3.9E-6
4.7E-6
5.5E-6
4.6E-6
5.5E-6
1.8E-5
8.3E-6
6.7E-6
2.3E-5
CD
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
-------
Table B.2 Net radioactivity results^ in high volume air samples - background location
(Concentrations in
Sampling Period
07/27/85-08/26/85
08/26/85-09/30/85
09/30/85-11/04/85
11/04/85-12/03/85
12/03/85-12/30/85
12/30/85-02/03/86
02/03/86-03/03/86
03/03/86-03/31/86
03/31/86-04/28/86
04/28/86-05/27/86
05/27/86-06/23/86
06/23/86-07/17/86
Ra-226
4.2E-5
3.2E-5
3.2E-5
2.3E-5
2.2E-5
3.4E-5
4.3E-5
2.3E-5
5.5E-5
4.5E-5
4.6E-5
7.5E-5
Ra-228 U-234
1.6E-5 3.9E-5
2.5E-5
4.0E-5
2.5E-5
2.4E-5
2.1E-5
4.6E-5
1.8E-5
4.0E-5
3.0E-5
2.0E-5
1.7E-5
U-235
9.5E-7
4.5E-7
1.9E-6
1.7E-6
6.2E-7
3.8E-7
2.2E-6
4.3E-7
2.2E-6
1.8E-6
l.OE-6
5.1E-6
U-238
3.6E-5
2.6E-5
3.3E-5
2.7E-5
2.7E-5
2.3E-5
4.2E-5
1.7E-5
5.3E-5
2.8E-5
1.8E-5
3.3E-5
Th-227
1.6E-6
7.6E-7
O.OE+0
1.2E-6
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
1.2E-6
3.9E-7
3.9E-6
7.61-7
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
Th-228
3.5E-7
1.2E-6
4.6E-6
5.4E-6
4.8E-6
7.1E-6
6.3E-6
4.8E-6
6.5E-S
2.9E-7
8.7E-7
1.4E-5
Th-230
3.8E-5
2.2E-5
4.0E-5
2.8E-5
2.2E-5
3.3E-5
5.6E-5
2.4E-5
3.7E-5
3.5E-5
3.0E-5
5.1E-5
Th-232
1.1E-5
9.4E-6
6.2E-6
3.6E-6
4.3E-6
5.3E-6
4.2E-6
5.2E-6
1.7E-5
8.0E-6
6.3E-6
2.3E-5
CO
ro
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted.
-------
CD
CO
Table B.3 Gross radioactivity results^3) in high volume air samples - southeast corner
of W.R. Grace stack (Concentrations in
Sampling Period
03/07/86-03/31/86
03/31/86-04/28/86
04/28/86-05/27/86
05/27/86-06/23/86
06/23/86-07/17/86
Ra-226 Ra-228
1.5E-4
1.7E-4
2.3E-4
1.3E-4
2.1E-4
U-234
1.2E-4
1.6E-4
1.9E-4
1.2E-4
1.4E-4
U-235
3.7E-6
1.3E-5
6.7E-6
5.2E-6
6.5E-6
U-238
1.2E-4
1.4E-4
1.9E-4
1.1E-4
1.4E-4
Th-227
1.8E-6
3.9E-6
6.7E-6
1.4E-6
2.0E-6
Th-228
3.5E-6
1.8E-6
-7.2E-6
7.1E-6
1.3E-5
Th-230
1.3E-4
1.5E-4
1.6E-4
1.5E-4
1.7E-4
Th-232
4.3E-6
1.2E-5
1.5E-5
9.3E-6
1.7E-5
(a)Radioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
also has not been subtracted.
Radioactivity due to background contributions
-------
Table B.4 Gross radioactivity results^ in high volume air samples - northwest corner
of W.R. Grace stack (Concentrations in
Sampling Period
03/31/86-04/28/86
04/28/86-05/27/86
05/27/86-06/23/86
06/23/86-07/17/86
Ra-226
2.9E-4
2.5E-4
3.9E-4
1.9E-4
Ra-228 U-234
2.5E-4
2.7E-4
1.4E-4
1.5E-4
U-235
1.2E-5
7.7E-6
6.9E-6
7.1E-6
U-238
2.5E-4
2.6E-4
1.3E-4
1.6E-4
Th-227
1.6E-6
9.4E-7
8.0E-6
2.9E-6
Th-228
8.3E-6
3.9E-6
-l.OE-6
1.6E-5
Th-230
2.6E-4
2.7E-4
1.2E-4
1.6E-4
Th-232
2.2E-5
2.2E-5
7.7E-6
2.9E-5
(a)Radioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted. Radioactivity due to background contributions
also has not been subtracted.
-------
Table B.5 Net radioactivity results^3) in high volume air samples - southeast corner
of W.R. Grace stack (Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Sampling Period
03/07/86-03/31/86
03/31/86-04/28/86
04/28/86-05/27/86
05/27/86-06/23/86
06/23/86-07/17/86
Ra-226 Ra-228
1.5E-4
1.6E-4
2.2E-4
1.4E-4
1.9E-4
U-234
1.2E-4
1.6E-4
1.9E-4
1.2E-4
1.4E-4
U-235
3.4E-6
1.2E-5
6.5E-6
5.2E-6
6.3E-6
U-238
1.2E-4
1.4E-4
1.9E-4
1.1E-4
1.4E-4
Th-227
1.3E-6
3.4E-6
6.3E-6
1.1E-6
1.5E-6
Th-228
3.5E-6
1.8E-6
O.OE+0
7.1E-6
1.3E-5
Th-230
1.3E-4
1.5E-4
1.6E-4
1.5E-4
1.7E-4
Th-232
3.9E-6
1.1E-5
1.5E-5
9.3E-6
1.7E-5
(a)Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted. Radioactivity due to background contributions has
not been subtracted.
CO
in
-------
CO
CTl
Table B.6 Net radioactivity results^3) in high volume air samples - northwest corner
of W.R. Grace stack (Concentrations in pC1/m3)
Sampling Period
03/31/86-04/28/86
04/28/86-05/27/86
05/27/86-06/23/86
06/23/86-07/17/86
Ra-226
2.8E-4
2.4E-4
4.1E-4
1.9E-4
Ra-228 U-234
2.5E-4
2.7E-4
1.3E-4
1.7E-4
U-235
1.2E-5
7.5E-6
6.9E-6
6.8E-6
U-238
2.4E-4
2.6E-4
1.2E-4
1.8E-4
Th-227
1.2E-6
3.9E-7
8.0E-6
2.4E-6
Th-228
8.3E-6
3.9E-6
O.OE+0
1.6E-5
Th-230
2.6E-4
2.7E-4
1.1E-4
1.6E-4
Th-232
2.1E-5
2.1E-5
7.7E-6
2.9E-5
(fl)Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted. Radioactivity due to background contributions has
not been subtracted.
-------
Table B.7 Gross radioactivity results^3) in high volume air samples - northeast corner
of Gardinier stack (Concentrations in
Sampling Period
07/26/85-08/26/85
08/26/85-09/30/85
09/30/85-11/04/85
11/04/85-12/04/85
12/04/85-12/30/85
12/30/85-02/03/86
Ra-226
3.3E-3
4.6E-4
3.3E-4
2.3E-3
3.9E-4
3.6E-4
Ra-228
2.2E-4
-
-
_
_
U-234
1.4E-3
3.6E-4
2.6E-4
9.5E-4
2.1E-4
1.3E-4
U-235
3.6E-5
4.3E-6
9.5E-6
4.0E-5
9.1E-6
1.6E-6
U-238
1.4E-3
3.5E-4
2.4E-4
6.5E-4
2.2E-4
1.2E-4
Th-227
4.0E-5
2.2E-5
1.8E-5
6.7E-5
8.8E-6
5.5E-6
Th-228
5.1E-5
-3.9E-6
2.0E-6
2.4E-5
6.7E-5
6.8E-6
Th-230
1.3E-3
2.9E-4
1.8E-4
8.6E-4
2.1E-4
1.4E-4
Th-232
2.7E-5
7.9E-6
1.4E-5
1.5E-5
5.5E-6
7.1E-6
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted. Radioactivity due to background contributions
also has not been subtracted.
CO
I
-------
CO
00
Table B.8 Gross radioactivity results^) in high volume air samples - southwest corner
of Gardinier stack (Concentrations in
Sampling Period
07/26/85-08/26/85
08/26/85-09/30/85
09/30/85-11/04/85
11/04/85-12/04/85
12/04/85-12/30/85
12/30/85-02/03/86
Ra-226
8.1E-4
l.OE-3
4.3E-4
7.7E-4
3.0E-4
5.9E-4
Ra-228 U-234
1.7E-4 2
1
6
7
3
3
.6E-3
.6E-3
.2E-4
.5E-4
.7E-4
.9E-4
U-235
7.1E-5
7.7E-5
2.5E-5
1.9E-5
1.3E-5
1.3E-5
U-238
2.4E-3
1.6E-3
6.0E-4
7.5E-4
3.2E-4
3.5E-4
Th-227
4.0E-5
3.2E-5
1.7E-5
6.0E-5
1.3E-5
1.4E-5
Th-228
1.
3.
1.
?.
1.
1.
7E-5
OE-5
1E-5
3E-5
3E-5
9E-5
Th-230
2.2E-3
1.3E-3
6.5E-4
9.9E-4
3.3E-4
5.6E-4
Th-232
4.
3.
1.
?.
8.
1.
9E-5
2E-5
7E-5
3E-5
6E-6
4E-5
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted. Radioactivity due to background contributions
also has not been subtracted.
-------
CD
I
ID
Table B.9 Net radioactivity results^3) in high volume air samples - northeast corner
of Gardinier stack (Concentrations in
Sampling Period
07/26/85-08/26/85
08/26/85-09/30/85
09/30/85-11/04/85
11/04/85-12/04/85
12/04/85-12/30/85
12/30/85-02/03/86
Ra-226
3.3E-3
4.6E-4
3.3E-4
2.3E-3
3.9E-4
3.6E-4
Ra-228
1.9E-4
_
_
_
-
U-234
1.4E-3
3.6E-4
2.5E-4
9.5E-4
2.1E-4
1.3E-4
U-235
3.5E-5
4.0E-6
9.1E-6
4.0E-5
8.8E-6
1.3E-6
U-238
1.4E-3
3.4E-4
2.3E-4
6.5E-4
2.2E-4
1.2E-4
Th-227
3.9E-5
2.1E-5
1.7E-5
6.7E-5
8.3E-6
5.1E-6
Th-228
5.1E-5
O.OE+0
2.0E-6
2.4E-5
6.7E-5
6.8E-6
Th-230
1.3E-3
2.9E-4
1.8E-4
8.6E-4
2.1E-4
1.4E-4
Th-232
2.6E-5
7.4E-6
1.4E-5
1.4E-5
5.0E-6
6.7E-6
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted. Radioactivity due to background contributions has
not been subtracted.
-------
Table B.10 Net radioactivity results^ in high volume air samples - southwest corner
of Gardinier stack (Concentrations in
Sampling Period
07/26/85-08/26/85
08/26/85-09/30/85
09/30/85-11/04/85
11/04/85-12/04/85
12/04/85-12/30/85
12/30/85-02/03/86
Ra-226
8.1E-4
l.OE-3
4.2E-4
7.7E-4
2.9E-4
5.9E-4
Ra-228
1.4E-4
-
-
_
-
*
U-234
2.6E-3
1.6E-3
6.2E-4
7.5E-4
3.6E-4
3.9E-4
U-235
7.1E-5
7.5E-5
2.5E-5
1.8E-5
1.3E-5
1.2E-5
U-238
2.4E-3
1.6E-3
6.0E-4
7.5E-4
3.2E-4
3.5E-4
Th-227
4.0E-5
3.1E-5
1.7E-5
5.9E-5
1.3E-5
1.3E-5
Th-228
1.7E-5
3.0E-5
1.1E-5
2.3E-5
1.3E-5
1.9E-5
Th-230
2.2E-3
1.3E-3
6.5E-4
9.9E-4
3.3E-4
5.6E-4
Th-232
4.8E-5
3.1E-5
1.6E-5
2.2E-5
8.0E-6
1.4E-5
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted. Radioactivity due to background contributions has
not been subtracted.
07
I
-------
Table B.ll Gross radioactivity results^3) in Andersen air samples - background location^)
(Concentrations in
Radionuclide > 7 urn
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
L Po-210
2.5E-4 + 17(c)
l.OE-4 + 88
9.3E-6 +200
9.3E-5 +_ 64
-4.1E-2^ 12
1.3E-3 _+ 47
-2.0E-4 ^210
9.1E-5 +210
1.1E-3 +190
2.9E-4 +_ 39
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 ^m 2.0-3.3 ^m 1.1-2.0 nn
2.9E-4 + 15
7.9E-5 + 86
O.OE+0
7. OE-5 +_ 79
9.2E-4 _+ 50
3.3E-4 +^ 75
1.1E-4 +130
1.5E-3 n40
5.2E-4 _+ 29
1.6E-4 + 25
3.5E-5 +180
9.1E-6 +200
4. OE-5 *_ 97
O.OE+0
1.2E-3 +_ 39
2.3E-4 j+ 80
1.7E-4 + 80
4.1E-3^46
6.2E-4 +_ 26
2.9E-4 + 20
1.1E-4 + 65
5.2E-6 +250
6. OE-5 _* 85
9.7E-5 +_140
2.1E-3^27
2.6E-4^61
1.9E-4 + 71
3.5E-3^64
9.5E-4 +_ 21
Activity summation for
< 1.1 urn all particle size ranges
1.1E-3 + 6
9.0E-4 + 19
6.5E-5 + 70
1.1E-3 *_ 17
2.6E-5 +280
-3.8E-4 +_ 26
6.2E-4 j+ 21
2.2E-4 + 35
1.1E-2 +_ 28
8.6E-3 ^ 11
2.1E-3
1.2E-3
8.9E-5
1.4E-3
1.7E-4(d)
5.5E-3(d)
1.4E-3(d)
7.8E-4
2.1E-*'
1.1E-2
^^Radioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
(*>)Sampled volume of 915 m3 collected from 7/14/86 1040 to 7/15/86 1335.
(cJlwo sigma counting error in percent.
(d)Negative values not included in activity summation.
-------
Table B.12 Net radioactivity results^3* In Andersen air samples - background location^)
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Radionucllde > 7 urn
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
7.7E-5
3.3E-5
< 3E-5
4.5E-5
< 5E-3
1.3E-3
< 3E-4
9.1E-5
3.0E-5
2.3E-4
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 pm 2.0-3.3 \tm 1.1-2.0 urn
2.2E-4
< 1E-4
< 5E-5
5.7E-5
4.5E-5
9.2E-4
2.7E-4
1.1E-4
< 3E-3
4.3E-4
7.7E-5
< 8E-5
< 3E-5
< 6E-5
< 9E-5
1.2E-3
1.9E-4
1.6E-4
3.0E-3
5.6E-4
1.1E-4
< 1E-4
5.2E-6
4.7E-5
9.7E-5
2.1E-3
2.1E-4
1.9E-4
1.3E-3
8.6E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 mn all particle size ranges
< 1E-4
< 3E-4
2.7E-5
< 3E-4
< 1E-4
< 2E-4
< 3E-4
< 1E-4
8.4E-3
7.4E-3
< 5.8E-4
< 6.1E-4
< 1.4E-4
< 5.1E-4
< 5.3E-3
< 5.7E-3
< 1.3E-3
< 6.5E-4
< 1.6E-2
9.5E-3
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted.
(^Sampled volume of 915 m3 collected from 7/14/86 1040 to 7/15/86 1335.
-------
Table B.13 Gross radioactivity results**) in Andersen air samples - southeast corner of W.R. Grace stack 7 urn
03
1
CO
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
NA
3.0E-4 ^ 37(c)
8.6E-5 ^ 65
1.2E-4j* 59
3.2E-5 +140
-2.4E-4 *_ 39
1.7E-4 _+ 43
O.OE+0
-3.4E-4 j^530
3.9E-4±36
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 jim
NA
-4.2E-5 ^190
1.7E-5 nso
1.6E-4^ 59
1.4E-5 _+200
-2.5E-4 +^ 36
5.3E-5 _+ 79
6.6E-6 _+350
6.9E-4J>260
2.9E-4j^ 50
3.0E-4^ 16
-2.8E-5 _+_ 200
2.8E-5 ?_ 120
7.6E-5^ 71
3.2E-5 +_ 240
-1.8E-4^ 43
5.3E-5 +_ 130
O.OE+0
-1.2E-4 *1500
2.7E-4^ 43
1.1-2.0 nm
NA
3.7E-5 +120
1.2E-5 +200
O.OE+0
4.2E-5 n40
-2.1E-4^57
1.1E-4J^ 79
O.OE+0
3.0E-3 _+ 68
4.9E-4 *_ 36
Activity summation for
< 1.1 tin all particle size ranges
1.7E-3 *_ 17
6.5E-5 +_ 74
1.6E-3 +_ 17
O.OE+0
7.7E-5 ^210
1.2E-3 ^ 16
2.5E-4 +_ 34
2.0E-2 *_ 18
4.5E-3 J^ 12
2.3E-3
2.0E-3(d)
2.1E-4
2.0E-3
1.2E-4
7.7E-5
1.6E-3
2.6E-4
2.4E-(d)
5.9E-3
^Radioactivity in blank filters has not been Subtracted.
(^Sampled volume of 812 m3 collected from 4/21/86 1038 to 4/22/86 1030.
fc^Two sigma counting error in percent.
(d)Negative values not included in activity summation.
NA-No analysis.
-------
Table B.14 Gross radioactivity results*3) in Andersen air samples - southeast corner of W.R. Grace stack(b)
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
05
I
Radionuclide > 7
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
2.8E-4
2.7E-4
5.1E-5
3.0E-4
-3.2E-5
-2.3E-5
1.2E-4
3.1E-5
-9.7E-4
3.1E-4
urn
* 17«>
±45
+ 89
±37
+140
+800
+ 56
±120
+200
4-44
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 |im 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2
2.5E-4 ± 23
9.5E-5 ± 57
8.2E-6 +190
8.2E-5 ± 71
O.OE+0
-8.9E-4 + 38
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
1.2E-3 +180
3.7E-4 ± 46
2.1E-4
1.1E-4
+ 21
- 57
O.OE+0
1.1E-4
-1.5E-5
-3.0E-4
1.2E-4
7.3E-6
1.6E-3
3.8E-4
± 56
+200
+ 51
+ 49
±530
+110
± 46
NA
5.1E-5
.0 nm
- 79
O.OE+0
9.3E-5
-1.6E-5
-7.8E-5
1.1E-4
2.3E-5
2.3E-3
5.9E-4
- 59
+200
+230
+ 54
±120
+ 92
±35
Activity sumation for
< 1.1 urn all particle size ranges
1.9E-3
1.2E-3
l.OE-4
1.4E-3
2.2E-4
-3.6E-4
3.7E-4
2.8E-4
1.7E-2
7.4E-3
± 5
±17
± 55
± 16
± 64
± 37
± 31
± 35
± 24
± 13
2.6E-3
1.7E-3
1.6E-4
2.0E-3
2.2E-4
(d)
7.2E-4
3.4E-4
2.2E-2
9.1E-3
(d)
(d)
(^Radioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
{bjsampled volume of 813 m3 collected from 7/17/86 1145 to 7/18/86 1140.
}5JTwo sigma counting error in percent.
id)Negative values not included in activity summation.
NA-No analysis.
-------
cn
Table B.15 Gross radioactivity results^ in Andersen air samples - northwest corner of W.R. Grace stack 7 um
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
NA
2.5E-4 +_ 45{c)
8.3E-5 ^ 67
2.9E-4 +_ 41
3.5E-5j*240
-i.iE-4 nio
2.5E-4 +_ 41
8.4E-6 +200
3.8E-4 H90
3.8E-4 +_ 35
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 Mm 2.0-3.3 um 1.1-2.0 um
NA
6.3E-5 +100
1.6E-4 +_ 64
1.9E-5 +200
-1.7E-4 + 66
1.4E-4 _+ 55
9.2E-6^200
1.2E-3 +170
2.7E-4 +_ 44
NA
1.7E-4 _+ 50
O.OE+0
1.6E-4 +; 53
1.3E-5 +200
-l.OE-4 + 89
9.7E-5 +_ 55
6.4E-6 +350
5.7E-3 + 43
4.5E-4 + 38
NA
1.8E-5 +250
O.OE+0
1.5E-4 _+ 57
O.OE+0
-2.0E-4 + 44
l.OE-4 _+ 62
-8.6E-6 +200
2.5E-3 + 89
5.7E-4 +_ 33
Activity summation for
< 1.1 um all particle size ranges
1.5E-3 + 21
1.4E-5 +200
1.4E-3 +_ 21
-2.8E-5 +200
4.6E-4 + 77
1.6E-3_+_ 19
3.2E-4 + 42
2.0E-2 + 7
l,6E-2^ 5
1.9E-3
2.1E-3
1.6E-4
2.2E-3
6.7E-5«»
4.6E-4(d)
2.2E-3
3.4E-4(d)
3.0E-2
1.8E-2
JaJRadioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
}b(Sampled volume of 845 m3 collected from 4/21/86 1001 to 4/22/86 1052.
Jc(Two sigma counting error in percent.
I "'Negative values not included in activity summation.
NA-No analysis.
-------
CD
I
CT>
Table B.16 Gross radioactivity results(a) in Andersen air samples - northwest corner of W.R. Grace
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Radionuclide > 7 urn
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
3.3E-4^ 17(c)
1.6E-4 *_ 50
8.2E-6 ^350
1.9E-4^ 44
O.OE+0
-6.5E-5jK310
l.lE-4_+ 71
8.7E-6 ±200
8.3E-4 ±230
2.7E-4± 40
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2.0 urn
3.2E-4 ± 14
1.5E-4± 58
3.5E-5 ±120
8.1E-5± 66
O.OE+0
-1.9E-4±100
4.2E-5±190
3.3E-5±170
2.2E-3 ± 89
3.4E-4 ± 41
2.1E-4j^ 21
7.7E-5^ 82
O.OE+0
7.1E-5 +_ 61
-1.7E- 5^200
-3.0E-4 _+ 60
6.7E-5j^ 71
O.OE+0
5.7E-3 _* 40
2.4E-4 +_ 50
2.1E-4 _+ 24
7.5E-5^ 70
7.5E-6 ±35Q
6.0E-5 _+ 71
O.OE+0
-1.6E-4^130
6.4E-5^150
1.8E-5 j^200
4.1E-3>+ 58
3.6E-4 +_ 40
Activity summation for*
< 1.1 pirn all particle size ranges
1.6E-3± 5
9.3E-4^ 22
1.0E-5_*200
1.2E-3 +_ 20
2.1E-4 +_ 75
-1.1E-4 _+150
1.3E-3 _+ 18
1.3E-4 +_ 60
1.6E-2 +_ 21
6.3E-3^ 12
2.7E-3
1.4E-3
6.1E-5
1.6E-3
2.1E-4(d)
(d)
1.6E-3
1.9E-4
2.SE-2
7.5E-3
[jJRadioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
J^jSampled volume of 842 m3 collected from 7/17/86 1115 to 7/18/86 1200.
|^|Two sigma counting error in percent.
ld'Negative values not included in activity summation.
-------
Table B.17 Net radioactivity results^3) in Andersen air samples - southeast corner of W.R. Grace stack(b)
(Concentrations In pCi/m3)
00
Radionuclide > 7 »m
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
NA
2.3E-4
6.7E-5
7.0E-5
< 7E-5
< 1E-4
1.4E-4
< 3E-5
< 3E-3
3.2E-4
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 wm 1.1-2.0 urn
NA
< 1E-4
1.7E-5
1.5E-4
1.4E-5
< 3E-4
< 6E-5
6.6E-6
< 2E-3
1.9E-4
2.1E-4
< 8E-5
1.1E-5
3.2E-5
< 9E-5
< 2E-4
1.4E-5
< 3E-5
< 3E-3
2.0E-4
NA
< 6E-5
1.2E-5
< 9E-5
4.2E-5
< 2E-4
5.8E-5
< 3E-5
5.1E-4
3.9E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 urn all particle size ranges
1.2E-4
4.8E-4
2.2E-5
2.1E-4
< 2E-4
< 2E-4
< 3E-4
< 2E-4
1.8E-2
3.3E-3
> 3.3E-4
< 9.5E-4
1.3E-4
< 5.5E-4
< 4.2E-4
< 1E-3 '
< 5.7E-4
< 3.0E-4
< 2.7E-2
4.4E-3
JjJ | Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted.
tbJSampled volume of 812 m3 collected from 4/21/86 1038 to 4/22/86 1030.
NA-No analysis.
-------
Table B.18 Net radioactivity results^*) in Andersen air samples - southeast corner of W.R. Grace
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
DO
00
Radionuclide > 7 \m
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
8.6E-5
2.0E-4
3.1E-5
2.6E-4
< 9E-5
< 2E-4
8.7E-5
2.4E-5
< 3E-3
2.4E-4
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 pin 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2.0 »m
1.2E-4
< 1E-4
8.2E-6
7.0E-5
< 6E-5
< 4E-4
< 1E-4
< 4E-5
< 3E-3
2.7E-4
8.6E-5
3.2E-5
< 5E-5
6.2E-5
< 6E-5
< 2E-4
8.7E-5
< 4E-5
4.1E-4
3.1E-4
NA
< 9E-5
< 5E-5
8.1E-5
< 6E-5
< 2E-4
5.6E-5
2.3E-5
< 3E-3
4.9E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 (in) all particle size ranges
2.7.E-4
1.4E-5
5.8E-5
7.4E-5
1.1E-4
< 2E-4
< 3E-4
2.0E-5
1.4E-2
6.1E-3
> 5.6E-4
< 4.4E-4
< 2.0E-4
5.5E-4
< 3.8E-4
< 1E-3
< 6.3E-4
< 1.5E-4
< 2.3E-2
7.4E-3
f^Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted.
^'Sampled volume of 813 m3 collected from 7/17/86 1145 to 7/18/86 1140.
NA-No analysis.
-------
Table B.19 Net radioactivity results^ in Andersen air samples - northwest corner of W.R. Grace stack^
(Concentrations in
DO
Radionuclide > 7 »m
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
NA
1.9E-4
6.9E-5
2.7E-4
5.1E-6
< 2E-4
2.3E-4
1.2E-6
< 3E-3
3.1E-4
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 Mm 2.0-3.3 mn 1.1-2.0 um
NA
< 2E-4
6.3E-5
1.4E-4
1.9E-5
< 2E-4
9.6E-5
9.2E-6
< 3E-3
1.7E-4
NA
9.7E-5
< 5E-5
1.1E-4
< 5E-5
< 3E-4
6.5E-5
< 3E-5
4.6E-3
3.9E-4
NA
< 9E-5
< 5E-5
1.5E-4
< 6E-5
< 3E-4
5.8E-5
< 3E-5
1.9E-4
4.7E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 Mm all particle size ranges
5.9E-4
3.4E-4
< 6E-5
1.5E-4
< 1E-4
3.4E-4
3.8E-4
6.4E-5
1.8E-2
1.5E-2
> 5.9E-4
< 9.2E-4
< 2.9E-4
8.2E-4
< 2.3E-4
< 1.3E-3
8.3E-4
< 1.3E-4
< 2.9E-2
1.6E-2
Ja|Radioactiv1ty in blank filters has been subtracted.
-------
Table B.20 Net radioactivity results^) 1n Andersen air samples - northwest corner of W.R. Grace stack(b)
(Concentrations In pCI/m3)
CO
I
ro
o
Radlonucllde > 7 urn
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
2.1E-4
8.8E-5
< 4E-5
1.4E-4
< 5E-5
< 2E-4
7.2E-5
7.4E-7
< 1E-3
2.1E-4
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 um 2.0-3.3 um 1.1-2.0 urn
2.4E-4
3.7E-5
3.5E-5
6.6E-5
< 6E-5
< 2E-4
< 9E-5
3.3E-5
< 3E-3
2.4E-4
8.3E-5
1.8E-6
< 5E-5
1.9E-5
< 6E-5
< 2E-4
2.7E-5
< 3E-5
4.5E-3
1.7E-4
1.2E-4
< 9E-5
7.5E-6
4.6E-5
< 6E-5
< 3E-4
l.OE-5
1.8E-5
1.7E-3
2.6E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1. um all particle size ranges
1.4E-4
< 3E-4
< 6E-5
< 3E-4
l.OE-4
< 2E-4
8.2E-5
< 1E-4
1.3E-2
5.0E-3
7.9E-4
< 5.2E-4
< 1.9E-4
< 5.7E-4
< 3.3E-4
< 1E-3
< 2.8E-4
< 1.8E-4
< 2.3E-2
5.9E-3
(a)Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted.
(b)Sampled volume of 842 m3 collected from 7/17/86 1115 to 7/18/86 1200.
-------
Table B.21 Background radionuclide concentrations of blank
filters of the Andersen Sampler, pC1/filter^)
First and Third
Stages
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
13
063
017
043
028
00
033
007
00
058
± °-
- °-
- °-
± °-
1 o.
- °-
+_ 0.
- °-
_+ 1.
1 o.
04
048
022
036
040
12
030
013
91
052
Second and
Stages
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
10
096
012
00
045
99
083
±°
- °
NA
1 °
NA
_+-o
± °
NA
*_ 1
-°
Fourth
.04
.065
.035
.12
.039
.33
.062
Fifth
Staged)
1.
0.
0.
1.
o;
0.
i.
0.
2.
i.
28
99
035
10
09
10
06
22
15
02
1 0.10
j^0.23
+. 0.044
^0.23
^ 0.07
^0.15
?_ 0.20
± 0.08
*_ 1.03
j^0.23
±_ values are 2 standard deviations of the counting rates.
Backup filter - Average of duplicate analyses.
NA-Not Analyzed
B-21
-------
Table B.22 Gross radioactivity results^) in Andersen air samples - northeast corner of Gardinier
(Concentrations 1n
00
ro
ro
Radlonuclide >
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
5.3E-4
3.6E-4
3.4E-5
3.4E-4
1.4E-5
3.5E-5
3.5E-4
1.4E-5
2.4E-4
4.1E-4
7 jim
i io(c)
- 31
± 98
+. 33
*_ 200
+ 400
_+ 33
+_ 140
+1300
_+ 38
3.3-7
2.8E-4
1.8E-4
2.7E-5
2.1E-4
3.5E-5
2.3E-5
1.6E-4
1.7E-5
-8.6E-4
4.2E-4
Particle Size Ranges
.0 jim 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2.0 urn
+ 16
+ 45
+120
1 43
^200
+670
+ 52
_+200
+220
1 35
2.3E-4 + 18
1.5E-4 + 44
2.7E-5 +100
9.4E-5 _+ 60
-1.3E-5 j^200
-1.7E-4 + 67
5.0E-5 + 72
6.3E-6 ^200
2.5E-3 +140
1.9E-4 _+ 59
1.
7.
3.
2.
-2.
3.
-9.
3.i
9E-4 + 22
2E-5 + 86
6E-6 +310
4E-5 _+160
O.OE+0
3E-4 + 50
6E-5 +120
O.OE+0
7-4E +170
6E-4 _+_ 41
< 1.1
1.4E-3
1.1E-3
Activity summation for
urn all particle size ranges
+ 5
+ 21
O.OE+0
l.OE-3
1.5E-5
2.2E-4
1.1E-3
1.5E-4
1.9E-2
6.7E-3
+_ 22
+350
+ 74
+ 21
jj. 49
+ 24
± 14
2.6E-3
1.9E-3
9.2E-5
1.7E-3
6.4E-5
2.8E-4
1.7E-3
(d)
(d)
1.9E-4
2.2E-2(d)
8.1E-3
5ajRadioactivity In blank filters has not been subtracted.
JbJSampled volume of 828 m3 collected from 9/9/85 1055 to 9/10/85 1114.
jcjjwo sigma counting error in percent.
(d)Negative values not included in activity summation.
-------
Table B.23 Gross radioactivity results^3) in Andersen air samples - northeast corner of Gardinier stack(b)
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Radionuclide > 7
00
ro
CO
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
2.2E-3
5.8E-4
9.8E-5
5.7E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.1E-3
1.3E-3
urn
* 4(C)
* 28
_+ 68
±28
+_ 93
+ 23
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 um 1.1-2.0 urn
9.3E-4 _+ 8
4.4E-5 niO
1.3E-4 +_ 52
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.0E-3 noo
7.0E-4 +. 29
6.9E-4
2.2E-4
3.9E-5
1.7E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.1E-3
4.5E-4
I 15
_+ 44
noo
jt 49
+_ 55
*_ 38
4.2E-4 +_
3.4E-4._+
9.7E-5 +_
2.2E-4^
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.4E-3 _+
5.1E-4^
13;
44
72
55
92
34
< 1.1
1.8E-3
1.7E-3
l.OE-4
1.3E-3
9.2E-5
-1.9E-4
1.6E-3
2.8E-4
1.7E-2
6.5E-3
Activity summation for
\im all particle size ranges
1 8
± 21
+_ 80
+_ 24
nso
^240
± 21
±47
+_ 29
± 15
6.0E-3
3.1E-3
3.8E-4
2.4E-3
9.2E-5
(d)
1.6E-3
2.8E-4
2.9E-2
9.5E-3
jJJRadioactlvity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
{bjSampled volume of 783 m3 collected from 2/3/86 1223 to 2/4/86 1124.
J^JTwo sigma counting error in percent.
(d)negative values not included in activity summation.
NA-No analysis.
-------
Table B.24 Gross radioactivity results*3) in Andersen air samples - southwest corner of Gardinier
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Radionucllde > 7 urn
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
£ Po-210
9.9E-4 + 6(c)
1.2E-3 + 19
4.1E-5 ± 88
1.2E-3 ± 19
1.6E-5 ±200
-9.1E-5 +170
1.2E-3 ± 21
-2.3E-5 +180
1.6E-3 ±160
8.9E-4± 23
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2.0 urn
5.2E-4 + 11
5.8E-4 + 26
3.1E-5 +100
4.1E-4 + 31
O.OE+0
7.8E-5 +190
4.7E-4 ± 28
2.8E-5 +100
8. IE -4 +240
5.2E-4± 30
3.7E-4 + 13
2.2E-4 + 45
1.6E-6 +500
2.2E-4 + 44
2.7E-5±140
-2.4E-5 +580
3.1E-4± 33
1.3E-5 +140
8.8E-4 ±190
6.3E-4± 27
3.3E-4 + 16
1.4E-4 + 53
2.2E-5 +120
8.8E-5 + 67
O.OE+0
-3.9E-5 +360
1.7E-4±48
7.7E-6 +350
8.7E-4 ±380
3.6E-4 ± 41
Activity summation for
< 1.1 urni6' all particle size ranges
7.7E-5 + 52
1.6E-3 + 18
8.8E-5 + 64
1.2E-3 + 19
O.OE+0
-l.OE-4 +160
2.0E-4 ± 44
7.7E-5 + 68
1.4E-2± 27
7.4E-3 ± 11
2.3E-3
3.7E-3
1.8E-4
3.1E-3
4.3E-5
7.8E-5
-------
ro
in
Table B.25 Gross radioactivity results^3) in Andersen air samples - southwest corner of Gardinier stack(°)
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Radionuclide
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
7.
7.
4.
3.
1.
9.
> 7 um
3E-4^ 9(c)
OE-4 +_ 26
9E-5 noo
6E-4 +_ 37
NA
NA
NA
NA
9E-3 +120
7E-4 +_ 24
3.3-7.
3.9E-4
6.3E-4
8.2E-5
8.5E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.6E-4
2.6E-4
Particle Size Ranges
0 um 2.0-3.3 um 1.1-2.0 um
± 14
+_ 69
+_ 280
I 51
nooo
1 44
3
2
1
1
4
2
.9E-4 +_ 13
.6E-4^ 50
.8E-5 j*240
.5E-4^ 65
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2E-3 +_ 46
.8E-4 _* 42
2.6E-4^ 19
1.6E-4 +_ 67
O.OE+0
9.6E-5 nOO
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.9E-3 +_ 45
4. OE-4 j^ 36
2
1
3
1
6
-3
1
2
2
6
< 1.1
.OE-3
.3E-3
.OE-5
.3E-3
.2E-5
.6E-4
.3E-3
.7E-4
.OE-2
.9E-3
Activity summation for
um all particle size ranges
+_ 7
1 25
neo
1 25
^200
nio
^ 23
^48
+_ 30
± 15
3.8E-3
3.1E-3
1.8E-4
2.8E-3
6.2E-5
(d)
1.3E-3
2.7E-4
3. OE-2
8.8E-3
{jjRadioactivity in blank filters has not been subtracted.
JDJSampled volum? of 820 md collected, from 2/3/86 1201 to 2/4/86 1147.
JJjjTwo sigma counting error in percent.
*a'Negative values not included in activity summation.
NA-No analysis.
-------
Table B.26 Net radioactivity results^) In Andersen air samples - northeast corner of Gardlnler stack(b)
(Concentrations In pC1/m3)
CO
INi
en
Radlonucllde > 7 urn
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
3.7E-4
2.8E-4
1.3E-5
2.9E-4
O.OE+0
3.5E-5
3.1E-4
5.9E-6
O.OE+0
3.3E-4
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2.0 n«n
1.6E-4
7.0E-5
2.7E-5
2.0E-4
3.5E-5
2.3E-5
1.1E-4
1.7E-5
O.OE+0
3.2E-4
7.3E-5
8.0E-5
6.4E-6
4.3E-5
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
1.1E-5
O.OE+0
1.2E-3
1.2E-4
7.3E-5
O.OE+0
3.6E-5
9. 7E-6
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
2.5E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 urn all. particle size ranges
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
9.3E-5
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
1.7E-2
5.5E-3
6.8E-4
4.3E-4
5.0E-5
5.4E-4
3.5E-5
1.5E-4
4.3E-4
2.3E-5
1.8E-2
6.5E-3
{aJRad1oact1v1ty In blank filters has been subtracted.
(^'Sampled volume of 828 m3 collected from 9/9/85 1055 to 9/10/85 1114.
-------
Table B.27 Net radioactivity results*3) in Andersen air samples - northeast corner of Gardinier
(Concentrations in
CO
ro
Radionuclide > 7 »m
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
2.0E-3
5.0E-4
7.6E-5
5.1E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.8E-3
1.3E-3
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2.0 urn
8.1E-4
1.4E-4
4.4E-5
1.1E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
O.OE+0
5.9E-4
5.2E-4
1.4E-4
1.6E-5
1.1E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.8E-3
3.7E-4
2.9E-4
2.1E-4
9.7E-5
2.0E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
O.OE+0
4.1E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 urn all particle size ranges
O.OE+0
3.7E-4
5.6E-5
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
2.3E-4
O.OE+0
1.4E-2
5.2E-3
3.6E-3
1.4E-3
2.9E-4
9.3E-4
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
2.3E-4
O.OE+0
1.9E-2
7.9E-3
jjjjRadioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted.
("'Sampled volume of 783 m3 collected from 2/3/86 1223 to 2/4/86 1124.
NA-No analysis.
-------
Table B.28 Net radioactivity results^3* In Andersen air samples - southwest corner of Gardlnler stack*0)
(Concentrations In pCI/m3)
00
ro
oo
Radlonucllde > 7 urn
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
8.3E-4
1.2E-3
2.1E-5
1.2E-3
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
1.2E-3
O.OE+0
3.4E-4
8.1E-4
Particle Size Ranges
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 mn 1.1-2.0 mn
4.0E-4
4.7E-4
3.1E-5
3.9E-4
O.OE+0
7.8E-5
4.2E-4
2.8E-5
O.OE+0
4.0E-4
2.2E-4
1.5E-4
O.OE+0
1.7E-4
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
2.8E-4
5.2E-6
O.OE+0
5.5E-4
2.1E-4
2.1E-5
2.2E-5
7.4E-5
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
1.2E-4
7.7E-6
O.OE+0
2.5E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 umlc' all particle size ranges
O.OE+0
3.6E-4
4.7E-5
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
1.1E-2
6.1E-3
1.7E-3
2.2E-3
1.2E-4
1.8E-3
O.OE+0
7.8E-5
2.0E-3
4.1E-5
1.1E-2
8.1E-3
(^Radioactivity In blank filters has been subtracted.
(b)Sampled volume of 828 m3 collected from 9/9/85 1110 to 9/10/85 1126.
(c)some radioactivity may have been lost during sample preparation.
-------
Table B.29 Net radioactivity results*3) in Andersen air samples - southwest corner of Gardinier stack*5)
(Concentrations in pCi/m3)
Radionuclide > 7 (im
Ra-226
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Pb-210
Po-210
5.7E-4
6.2E-4
2.8E-5
3.1E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.6E-4
9.0E-4
Particle Size Ranges -
3.3-7.0 urn 2.0-3.3 urn 1.1-2.0 um
2.7E-4
5.2E-4
8.2E-5
8.5E-4
NA
NA
NA
NA
O.OE+0
1.6E-4
2.3E-4
1.8E-4
O.OE+0
9.4E-5
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.0E-3
2.1E-4
1.5E-4
4.8E-5
O.OE+0
8.2E-5
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.5E-3
3.0E-4
Activity summation for
< 1.1 urn all particle size ranges
4.6E-4
1.6E-4
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
6.1E-5
9.2E-6
1.7E^2
5.6E^-3
1.7E-3
1.5E-3
1.1E-4
1.3E-3
O.OE+0
O.OE+0
6.1E-5
9.2E-6
2.2E-2
7.2E-3
jj(Radioactivity in blank filters has been subtracted.
iD'Sampled volume of 820 m3 collected from 2/3/86 1201 to 2/4/86 1147.
NA-No analysis.
-------
APPENDIX C
Radlonuclide concentrations in background soil samples
-------
Table C.I Radioactivity in background soil samples
Location^*)
PB01
PB02
PB03
PB04
PB05
GB01
GB03
GB04
GB05
Average
Ra-226
0.31
0.35
0.32
0.50
0.76
0.36
0.75
0.49
0.29
0.46
Ra-228
-0.20
0.060
-0.060
0.90
0.10
0.30
0.90
-0.60
0.80
0.25
U-234
0.056
0.14
0.13
0.30
0.48
0.19
0.62
0.48
0.17
0.29
Ton
U-235
0.0077
0.013
0.0026
0.031
0.022
0.0040
0.060
0.012
0.0048
0.018
centration, pCi/9 dry weight
U-238 Th-227 Th-228
0.042
0.088
0.12
0.27
0.47
0.092
0.56
0.46
0.19
0.25
0.0092
0.0
-0.0083
0.016
0.016
0.029
0.015
0.037
0.14
0.028
0.021
0.069
0.015
0.15
0.034
0.075
0.052
0.16
1.4
0.22
Th-230
0.066
0.069
0.060
0.19
0.32
0.25
0.48
0.30
0.98
0.30
Th-232
0.044
0.046
0.077
0.16
0.081
0.073
0.046
0.17
0.33
0.11
Po-210
0.35
0.57
0.52
0.39
0.60
0.35
0.70
0.50
0,35
0.48
Pb-210
0.49
0.90
0.35
0.40
1.2
0.96
0.87
0.62
0.84
0.74
(a)pB-Polk County, Florida and GB-Hillsborough County, Florida.
-------
APPENDIX D
Outdoor rtfdon concentrations
-------
Table D.I Outdoor radon concentrations In air
Concentrations, pC1/l
Site/Location
Conserv/COl
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C03
Conserv/C04
Estech/EOl
Estech/E02
Estech/E03
Estech/E04
Estech/E05
Gardinier/GOl
Gard1n1er/G02
Gard1n1er/G03
Gardinier/G04
Gard1n1er/G05
Gardin1er/G06
Gard1n1er/G07
Gard1n1er/G08
Gard1n1er/G09
Gardlnier/GlO
Gard1n1er/Gll
Gard1n1er/Gl2
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR03
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR05
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR09
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GRll
Grace/GR12
Grace/GR13
Royster/ROl
Royster/R02
Royster/R03
Royster/R04
First
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
3
0
3
0
3
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
.0,0.
.70,0
.49,
.20*.
.31,0
.59,0
.38*.
.73,0
.31,0
.42,0
.67,0
.43,
.44,0
.79,0
.76,0
lost
lost
Period
44,0.
.65,0
44
.65
2 lost
0.15*
.40,0
.37,0
0.34*
.40,0
.73,0
.03,0
.38,0
,0.20*
.35
.53
,0.42*
.44
.59
.43
.41
2 lost
.39,
.46,0
.80,
1 lost
.61
1 lost
,21, 2 lost
lost
.27,0
lost
.08*,
.58,4
.45,0
.74,1
.46,0
.45,0
.48,0
.29*.
.66,0
.04,0
.97,1
.03,0
.41,0
.44,0
.29,0
.22,0
11,
0.03*
.28,3
.66,2
.03,0
.48,
.38,0
.49,0
0.37*
.57,0
.76,0
.86,1
.86,0
.51,0
.43,0
.29,0
.27,0
.27*, 0.26*
1 lost
,0.06
.28
.46*
.68
1 lost
.60
.54
,0.44*
.52
.59
.44
.79
.30
.44
.30*
.21
,0.28*
Second Period
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
lost
.65,0.67,0.
.61,0.62,0.
.32,0.43,0.
.54,0.57,0.
.46,0.48,0.
.67,1.03,0.
.84,0.95,1.
.67,0.81,0.
.34,0.35,0.
.36,0.31,0.
.31,0.23,0.
.40,0.36,0.
.44,0.50,0.
.60,0.43,0.
.38,0.30,0.
.13,0.24,0.
.26,0.17,0.
.27,0.24,0.
.15,0.25,0.
.18,0.19,0.
.85,0.50,0.
72
68
30
50
67
56
22
81
21
35
29
41
47
62
36
16
26
25
22
16
65
11. 60*. 9. 43*. 10.71*
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
.39,0.45,0.
.46,0.47,0.
.11,0.46,0.
.50,0.32,0.
.64,0.49,0.
.39,0.26,0.
.41,0.52,0.
.59,0.63,0.
.99,1.06,1.
.06*, 0.85*,
.38,0.30,0.
.55,0.43,0.
.40,0.32,0.
.33,0.39,0.
.48,0.53,0.
47
77
55
44
38
21
37
55
18
0.81*
34
49
50
33
37
Third
1
1
3
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
3
0
.65,1.
.36,2.
lost
.50*.
.53*,!
Period
92,0.76
64*, 2. 11
2 lost
.70*. 1.45*
.30,1_30*,0.50*
.86,0.
95, 1 lost
.48*, 0.98*. 1
lost
.79*. 0.81, 1.54
.31,0.
.41,0.
.53,0.
.92,0.
.59,0.
.59,0.
lost
.17,0.
.33,0.
.28,0.
.23,0.
.22,0.
lost
.82,2.
.38,0.
.64,0.
.04,0.
.68**,
.81$.
lost
.77,0.
.65,0.
.85,2.
.92,0.
.46**,
.65**,
.36,2.
lost
.50*.
32,0.36
38,0.80
42,0.44
53,0.53
56,0.66
65,0.58
27,0.28
34,0.19
25,0.25
29,0.20
24,0.30
81,2.35
41*. 0.60
89,0.70
63,0.95
0.68**,0
80,0.61
72,0.53
88,1.00
20,2.20
96,1.07
.56**
0.59***, 0.49**
1.92**,0
64*. 2. 11
2 lost
.76**
D-l
-------
Table D.I Outdoor radon concentrations in air - Continued
Site/Location First Period
Concentrations. pC1/1
Second Period
^Questionable result due to damaged filter.
**Detectors not sealed properly from supplier.
Third Period
Background/PBOl
Background/PB02
Background/PB03
Background/PB04
Background/PB05
Background/GBOl
Background/GB02
Background/GB03
Background/GB04
Background/GB05
0.11,0.07,0.12
0.12,0.14,0.11
0.11,0.09,0.09
0.14,0.12,0.20
0.10, 0.24*, 0.24
3 lost
3 lost
0.12,0.12,0.09
0.09,0.17,0.09
no detectors
0.18,0.16,0.17
0.13,0.22,0.12
0.20,0.11,0.16
0.12,0.20,0.30
0.17,0.16,0.24
0.20,0.97,0.71
moved site
0.29,0.29,0.24
0.13,0.19,0.17
0.20,0.19,0.22
0.21,0.19,0.18
0.25,0.18,0.25
0.30,0.26,0.17
0.27,0.21,0.22
1.44,0.14,0.43
0.86,0.41,0.40
moved site
1.72,0.61,0.73
0.34,0.28,0.27
1.82,0.63,0.28
D-2
-------
Table D.2 Calibration of alpha track detectors (first period)
Actual Exposure
Exposure Level, Measured Exposure, Average Measured
pC1/l day* pC1/l day Exposure
54 55
54 47
54 36 1.18
54 49
54 41
106 78
106 95
106 95 1.19
106 CO
106 89
541 466
541 437
541 436 1.28
541 402
541 373
953 776
953 718
953 693 1.36
953 686
953 621
First Period Average 1.25
*Four sets of five detectors each exposed 1n EERF radon calibration
chamber during the first measurement period and sent to supplier for
readout at the end of the first period.
D-3
-------
Table D.3 Calibration of alpha track detectors (second and third periods)
Exposure
Period
Second
Third
Third
Third
Third
Exposure Level,
pCi/1 day*
476
476
476
476
476
52
52
52
52
52
99
99
99
99
99
518
518
518
518
518
1060
1060
1060
1060
1060
Measured Exposure,
pCi/1 day
426
425
632
454
403
72
44
160
46
77
119
101
168
218
166
828
686
537
976
1010
1470
1400
1530
1550
1230
Actual Exposure
Average Measured
Exposure
1.02
0.65
0.64
0.64
0.74
Third Period Average 0.67
*Detectors exposed in EERF radon calibration chamber during indicated
2K2I55 per1°? 2nd sent to suPP11er f°r readout at the end of the
respective period.
D-4
-------
APPENDIX E
Quality assurance results
-------
E.I Radon Flux Canisters
During the period of the study, 15 radon flux canisters were spiked
with known quantities of Ra-226 and sent to the Polk County Health
Department for measurement using the standard procedures. Included with
each set of canisters was at least one unexposed (blank) canister. The
results are presented In Table E.I.
All blank canisters were correctly Identified and reported as
containing less than 0.16 nCI (3a) of radioactivity. This Indicates
that the charcoal canisters and associated counting equipment were
uncontamlnated and that all background activity was correctly deleted from
the radon flux results.
The errors 1n measuring the radioactivity 1n the spiked canisters
ranged from less than one percent to about 9 percent, and was not related
to the amount of radioactivity present. These errors exceed the 2o
counting uncertainties which ranged from about 3 percent for the low
activity canisters to 0.6 percent for the high activity canisters. Also,
1t 1s Important to note that all measured activities were less than the
known quantities added, suggesting a slight negative bias 1n the
measurement procedure.
For every 10 radon flux canisters counted, one was selected from the
group for a recount. Generally, the canister selected for a recount was
one that contained either an unusually high or low count on the first
E-l
-------
measurement. The recount was usually performed within two hours of the
first count. These results are presented in Table E.2. Forty-four (38
percent) of the 117 duplicate counts differed by more than the 2a counting
error. Twenty percent of the duplicate counts differed by more than the
3o counting error, while 10 percent differed by more than twice the
Table E.I The results for spiked and blank radon flux canisters
Spiked Sample Date Calculated
or Blank Counted Activity*, nCi
THRA08
THRA12
THRA13
THRA01
THRA03
THRA07
THRA02
THRA04
THRA05
THRA06
THRA08
THRA09
THRA02
THRA04
THRA05
THRA06
THRA08
THRA09
THRA01
THRA03
THRA04
THRA07
THRA08
THRA09
09/18/85
09/18/85
09/18/85
10/16/85
10/16/85
10/16/85
12/04/85
12/04/85
12/04/85
12/04/85
12/04/85
12/04/85
03/26/86
03/26/86
03/26/86
03/26/86
03/26/86
03/26/86
06/11/86
06/11/86
06/11/86
06/11/86
06/11/86
06/11/86
< 0.16
108
106
11.2
54.9
< 0.16
26.8
80.6
161
10.7
< 0.16
< 0.16
25.7
80.0
164
10.8
< 0.16
< 0.16
11.1
54.6
81.1
< 0.16
< 0.16
< 0.16
Known
Activity, nCi
blank
112
112
11.3
56.6
blank
28.3
84.5
169
11.3
blank
blank
28.3
84.5
169
11.3
blank
blank
11.3
56.6
84.5
blank
blank
blank
Percent
Difference
_
- 3.6
- 5.4
- 0.88
- 3.0
_
- 5.3
- 4.6
- 4.7
- 5.3
M
_
- 9.2
- 5.3
- 3.0
- 4.4
m f
- 1.8
- 3.5
- 4.0
_
-
Calculated activity based on Polk County Health Department counting
results.
E-2
-------
Table E.2 Duplicate counting results for radon flux canisters
CO
Site/Sampling
Location
Conserv/COl
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C04
Conserv/G04
Conserv/C04
Conserv/C06
Conserv/C07
Estech/E02
Estech/E02
Estech/E04
Estech/E04
Estech/E04
Estech/E05
Estech/E05
Estech/E06
Estech/E09
Estech/E09
Estech/ElO
Estech/ElO
Gardinier/GOl
Gardinier/GOl
Gardinier/GOl
Gardinier/GOl
Date
on
10/21/85
09/30/85
11/18/85
01/13/86
02/24/86
12/16/85
05/12/86
07/07/86
08/19/85
06/09/86
09/09/85
12/02/85
10/07/85
10/28/85
06/16/86
12/23/85
04/21/86
03/24/86
02/17/86
07/14/86
01/27/86
05/19/86
10/21/85
11/04/85
12/23/85
03/31/86
Date
off
10/22/85
10/01/85
11/19/85
01/14/86
02/25/86
12/17/85
05/13/86
07/08/86
08/20/85
06/10/86
09/10/85
12/03/85
10/08/85
10/29/85
06/17/86
12/24/85
04/22/86
03/25/86
02/18/86
07/15/86
01/28/86
05/20/86
10/22/85
11/05/85
12/24/85
04/01/86
Radon Flux,
11.060
26.775
17.449
61.167
15.720
18.711
14.500
17.900
207.148
26.895
3.299
5.895
5.182
4.098
9.428
7.625
8.697
3.857
14.051
7.588
4.399
7.459
20.899
37.760
23.121
17.421
Radon Flux,
11.036
26.873
17.529
60.281
15.732
18.890
14.614
18.036
204.124
27.200
3.356
5.917
5.229
4.181
9.560
7.785
8.718
3.843
13.881
7.541
4.456
7.424
20.361
37.893
23.042
17.512
Percent
1.10
0.69
0.93
0.42
0.91
0.89
0.93
0.86
0.25
0.70
2.12
1.65
1.69
1.83
1.21
1.63
1.25
2.01
0*9&
1.35
1.79
1.43
0.80
0.59
0.87
0.87
Percent
Di f f erence
0.22
-0.36
-0.46
1.5
-0.08
-0.95
-0.78
-0.75
1.5
-1.1
-1.7
-0.37
-0.90
-0.47
-1.4
-2.1
-0.24
0.36,
1.2
6.62
-1.3
0.47
2.6
-.0.35
6.34
-6.52
-------
Table E.2 Duplicate counting results for radon flux canisters - Continued
Site/Sampling
Location
Gardinier/G02
Gardinier/G02
Gardinier/G02
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardim'er/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G05
Gardinier/G05
Gardinier/G05
Gardinier/G05
Gardim'er/G06
Gardinier/G06
Date
on
11/18/85
03/04/86
05/27/86
09/09/85
10/14/85
11/25/85
01/06/86
01/13/86
04/28/86
09/03/85
09/16/85
09/30/85
11/12/85
12/02/85
12/09/85
12/16/85
12/30/85
01/27/86
02/03/86
08/05/85
08/12/85
08/19/85
01/20/86
09/23/85
10/28/85
Date
off
11/19/85
03/05/86
05/28/86
09/10/85
10/15/85
11/26/85
01/07/86
01/14/86
04/29/86
09/04/85
09/17/85
10/01/85
11/13/85
12/03/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/31/85
01/28/86
02/04/86
08/06/85
08/13/85
08/20/85
01/21/86
09/24/85
10/29/85
Radon Flux,
pCi/m2-s(a)
6.651
11.743
15.668
7.225
12.513
18.011
28.684
44.950
36.346
9.607
4.948
15.993
14.526
22.575
19.560
30.360
28.544
20.510
23.352
33.863
12.109
10.967
12.706
47.753
48.407
Radon Flux,
pCi/m2-s(bJ
6.667
11.779
16.060
7.368
12.739
18.104
28.229
44.667
36.138
9.530
4.853
16.135
14.617
22.555
19.545
30.023
28.216
20.695
23.374
34.109
12.078
10.787
12.632
47.324
48.386
Percent
Error(c)
1.51
1.07
0.91
1.37
1.03
0.90
0.72
0.54
0.59
1.19
1.74
0.91
1.01
0.81
0.86
0.69
0.80
0.79
0.74
0.62
1.07
1.12
1.02
0.52
0.51
Percent
Difference
-0.24
-0.31
-2.4
-1.9
-1.8
-0.51
1.6
0.63
0.58
0.81
2.0
-0.88
-0.62
0.09
0.08
1.1
1.2
-0.89
-0.09
-0.72
0.26
1.7
0.59
0.91
0.04
-------
Table E.2 Duplicate counting results for radon flux canisters - Continued
m
tn
Site/Sampling
Location
Gardinier/G06
Gardinier/G08
Gardinier/GlO
Grace/GROl
Grace/GROl
Grace/GROl
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR03
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR04T
Grace/GR05
Grace/GROS
Grace/GROS
Grace/GROS
Grace/GROS
Grace/GROS
Grace/GROS
Grace/GROS
Grace/GROS
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR06
Date
on
06/23/86
10/07/85
08/26/85
10/21/85
11/18/85
04/07/86
04/28/86
11/25/85
12/16/85
11/12/85
03/10/86
04/14/86
06/02/86
12/09/85
01/20/86
03/04/86
03/17/86
03/31/86
06/02/86
06/16/86
07/07/86
07/14/86
08/12/85
08/26/85
Date
off
06/24/86
10/08/85
08/27/85
10/22/85
11/19/85
04/08/86
04/29/86
11/26/85
12/17/85
11/13/85
03/11/86
04/15/86
06/03/86
12/10/85
01/21/86
03/05/86
03/18/86
04/01/86
06/03/86
06/17/86
07/08/86
07/15/86
08/13/85
08/27/85
Radon Flux,
36.223
7.282
27.468
30.044
61.102
16.778
14.033
9.925
9.920
7.270
30.229
12.695
1.473
23.771
24.022
25.199
25.617
20.474
18.027
19.551
14.864
11.794
0.505
4.019
Radon Flux,
35.973
7.306
27.004
28.790
61.815
17.025
14.061
9.795
10.006
7.316
30.126
12.750
1.501
23.927
24.104
25.202
25.539
20.583
18.246
19.417
15.061
11.911
0.531
4.089
Percent
0.60
1.41
0.68
0.65
0.48
0.91
0.92
1.23
1.24
1.45
0.66
1.02
3.77
0.78
0.73
0.72
0.70
0.80
0.88
0.82
0.95
1.06
7.93
1.93
Percent
Difference
0.69
-0.33
1.7
4.4
-1.2
-1.5
-0.20
1.3
-0.86
-0.63
0.34
-0.43
-1.9
-0.65
-0.34
-0.01
0.31
-0.53
-1.2
0.69
-1.3
-0.98
-4.9
-1.7
-------
Table E.2 Duplicate counting results for radon flux canisters - Continued
Site/Sampling
Location
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR07T
Grace/GROS
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR09
Date
on
12/02/85
01/27/86
02/24/86
08/05/85
08/19/85
09/03/85
09/16/85
12/23/85
12/30/85
01/06/86
01/13/86
02/03/86
02/10/86
02/17/86
04/21/86
05/05/86
05/12/86
06/09/86
06/30/86
07/14/86
09/23/85
10/14/85
09/09/85
09/30/85
Date
off
12/03/85
01/28/86
02/25/86
08/06/85
08/20/85
09/04/85
09/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
01/07/86
01/14/86
02/04/86
02/11/86
02/18/86
04/22/86
05/06/86
05/13/86
06/10/86
07/01/86
07/15/86
09/24/85
10/15/85
09/10/85
10/01/85
Radon Flux,
pCi/m2-s(a)
5.097
2.062
2.223
13.537
13.567
2.885
10.110
47.285
30.574
30.011
40.967
21.825
210.174
38.863
16.716
21.588
21.569
27.535
32.546
1.217
11.072
9.811
4.116
16.541
Radon Flux,
pCi/m2-s(b)
5.018
2.105
2.127
13.463
13.668
2.847
10.145
46.713
30.413
29.829
40.343
21.676
209.457
38.006
16.342
21.598
21.453
27.320
32.297
1.268
11.156
10.018
4.117
16.721
Percent
Error^)
1.81
2.79
2.75
1.02
1.01
2.26
1.15
0.62
0.78
0.72
0.55
0.77
0.25
0.58
0.89
0.77
0.75
0.69
0.63
4.17
1.10
1.18
1.86
0.89
Percent
Difference
1.6
-2.0
4.5
0.55
-0.74
1.3
-0.34
1.2
0.53
0.61
1.6
0.69
0.34
2.3
2.3
-0.05
0.54
0.79
0.77
-4.0
-0.75
-2.1
-0.02
-1.1
-------
Table E.2 Duplicate counting results for radon flux canisters - Continued
Site/Sampling
Location
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR09
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GRlO
Royster/ROl
Royster/R02
Royster/R03
Royster/R03
Royster/R04
Royster/R04
Royster/R04
Royster/R06
Royster/R09
Royster/R09
Royster/RlO
Royster/RlO
Date
on
03/24/86
06/23/86
10/07/85
10/28/85
11/04/85
05/19/86
09/03/85
01/06/86
10/14/85
02/10/86
11/12/85
12/09/85
03/10/86
06/30/86
05/05/86
06/02/86
09/23/85
04/07/86
Date
off
03/25/86
06/24/86
10/08/85
10/29/85
11/05/85
05/20/86
09/04/85
01/07/86
10/15/85
02/11/86
11/13/85
12/10/85
03/11/86
07/01/86
05/06/86
06/03/86
09/24/85
04/08/86
Radon Flux,
pCi/m2-s(a)
7.226
64.793
25.293
20.578
53.515
29.215
33.756
80.687
13.540
21.866
24.951
29.681
26.904
28.348
17.413
16.713
18.788
15.485
Radon Flux,
7.414
65.140
25.293
20.840
53.718
29.264
33.894
80.194
13.592
21.235
24.785
29.689
26.943
28.271
17.350
16.857
18.676
15.106
Percent
1.40
0.45
0.72
0.76
0.50
0.68
0.60
0.43
0.99
0.77
0.76
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.87
0.91
0.83
0.94
Percent
Difference
-2.5
-0.53
0.0
-1.3
-0.38
-0.17
-0.41
0.61
-0.38
3.0
0.67
-0.03
-0.14
0.27
0.36
-0.85
0.60
2.5
jjJJFirst counting.
jb)Second counting.
(c/The percent error in the measurement based on 2o counting statistics.
Note: The number of figures reported for radon flux is for comparison purposes only.
of significant figures is three or less.
The number
-------
reported 2o counting error. A comparison of the first count to the second
count yields 53 positive deviations averaging a difference of 1.08 percent
and 64 negative deviations averaging a difference of -0.95 percent. The
algebraic sum of the percent differences for the 117 duplicate counts was
-3.2 percent, or an average of about -0.03 percent per duplicate count.
E.2 RadlonucHde Content of Phosphogypsum and Soil Samples
A duplicate Ra-226 analysis was performed on one phosphogypsum sample
from each of the five stacks. The results of the duplicate analyses are
given in Table E.3. Two one-gram aliquots were obtained from the sample
listed in the first column of the table and analyzed for Ra-226. The
differences in the results of the two analyses are listed in the last
column. The differences between the two analyses are very large
considering the small 2cr counting error (1 percent) and the proven
accuracy of the emanation method for measuring Ra-226. The differences in
these analyses are as great as those measured in samples collected at
different locations on a stack. These results strongly indicate that
these samples of phosphogypsum were not homogeneous.
A background soil sample, collected on December 4, 1985 from Polk
County Florida, was analyzed in duplicate for its natural radionuclide
content. The results of the duplicate analysis are presented 1n
Table E.4. In the 4th column are listed the analytical (2o) uncertainties
1n the analyses and 1n the 5th column are given the percent differences
E-8
-------
Table E.3 Quality assurance results for Ra-226 in phosphogypsum
Site/Location
Conserv/C06
Estech/E03
Gardim'er/G04
Grace/GR06
Royster/R04
Date of
Collection
07/25/85
07/26/85
07/23/85
07/25/85
07/26/85
Ra-226,.
pCi/g(a)
81.1
25.1
33.9
28.9
33.4
Ra-226.
pCi/g{6)
95.5
24.4
29.6
31.6
24.8
Percent
Di f f erence
18
3
13
9
26
jaJFirst analysis-The 2o counting error is 1 percent.
ib'Second analysis-The 2o counting error is 1 percent.
Table E.4 Quality assurance results for radioactivity
in background
Radionuclide
Concentration,
pC1/g dr
weight
Concentration,
pCi/g dry
weight *c'
jajSample-PB04 collected in Polk County, Florida,
b{First analysis.
IJ-JSecond analysis.
(d>Not analyzed.
Analytical
Error, Percent
Percent Difference
Ra-226
Ra-228
U-234
U-235
U-238
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-232
Po-210
Pb-210
0.50
0.90
0.30
0.031
0.27
0.016
0.15
0.19
0.16
0.39
0.40
0.54
0.70
0.33
0.015
0.21
0.025
0.18
NAld)
0.12
0.46
0.93
7
140
21
63
22
100
36
23
25
20
220
8
22
10
52
22
56
20
_
25
18
133
E-9
-------
between the two analyses. The percent differences between the two
analyses were all equal to or less than the 2o uncertainty of the
analyses. These results indicate that the soil sample was homogeneous, as
expected for a background sample, and that the analytical methods employed
yielded accurate results.
E.3 Moisture Content of Phosphogypsum
Phosphogypsum samples collected for soil moisture determination were
periodically split into duplicate samples. The duplicate samples were
handled and analyzed in exactly the same manner (see Section 3.2.3). The
results of the analyses on the duplicate samples are presented in
Table E.5.
The percent difference in the two determinations ranged from 0
percent to 32 percent, with an average difference of 3 percent. The
differences observed are probably due to a combination of measurement
error, an actual difference in the moisture content of the two samples,
and to different exposure times to the air, although effort was made to
keep the latter to a minimum. About 34 percent of the duplicate analyses
differed by 1 percent or less, while only 18 percent differed by more than
5 percent. The errors appear to be similar for samples measured in 1985
and in 1986. The magnitude of the difference in the results of the
duplicate analyses may be somewhat dependent on the moisture content. The
duplicate analyses for samples containing more than 10 percent moisture
E-10
-------
Table E.5 Quality assurance results for moisture content measurements
Si te/Sampl 1 ng
Location
Conserv/CIO
Conserv/C03
Conserv/C05
Conserv/C04
Conserv/C04
Conserv/COl
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C04
Conserv/CIO
Conserv/CIO
Conserv/C02
Conserv/C03
Estech/E06
Estech/E04
Estech/E03
Estech/E07
Estech/E06
Estech/E07
Estech/E09
Estech/E06
Estech/EOl
Estech/E04
Estech/E06
Estech/E06
Gardinier/GlO
Gard1n1er/GlO
Gardinier/GlO
Gard1n1er/G05
Gardin1er/GlO
Gard1nier/G06
Gard1nier/G08
Gard1nier/G03
Gard1nier/G06
Gard1n1er/G07
Gardinier/GlO
Gardin1er/GlO
Gardinier/G03
Gard1n1er/G02
Gard1nier/G05
Gard1n1er/G09
Gard1nier/G06
Date
08/20/85
10/01/85
10/22/85
11/20/85
12/17/85
01/14/86
02/25/86
03/18/86
04/15/86
05/13/86
06/10/86
07/08/86
09/10/85
10/08/85
10/29/85
12/03/85
12/24/85
01/28/86
02/18/86
03/25/86
04/22/86
05/20/86
06/17/86
07/15/86
08/06/85
08/13/85
08/20/85
08/27/85
09/04/85
09/10/85
09/17/85
09/24/85
10/01/85
10/08/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
11/05/85
11/14/85
11/20/85
11/26/85
Moisture,
Percent^3)
5.6
11.9
6.3
10.0
9.1
7.4
6.4
13.6
11.8
10.4
13.0
6.1
14.8
13.6
18.2
11.9
9.6
9.1
14.0
7.4
8.4
5.2
16.6
7.5
15.6
13.9
12.1
12.0
15.8
11.9
11.7
9.8
11.0
10.1
10.8
8.8
7.8
14.9
11.9
12.8
9.8
Moisture,
Percent^)
5.5
12.0
6.4
10.1
9.3
7.5
6.5
14.2
12.3
9.8
12.5
6.2
14.9
14.1
20.7
11.7
9.9
9.0
13.9
7.4
8.4
5.4
16.5
7.7
15.5
14.2
12.1
11.8
15.9
12.2
11.5
9.5
11.7
10.2
10.5
8.8
7.9
14.7
11.9
13.1
9.9
Percent
Difference
1.8
-0.8
-1.6
-1.0
-2.2
-1.3
-1.5
-4.2
-4.1
6.1
4.0
-1.6
-0.7
-3.5
-12.1
1*7
-3.0
1.1
0.7
0
0
-3.7
0.6
-2.6
0.6
-2.1
0
1.7
-0.6
-2.4
1.7
3.2
-6.0
-1.0
2.8
0
-1.3
1.4
0
-2.3
-1.0
E-ll
-------
Table E.5 Quality assurance results for moisture content measurements
- Continued
Si te/Sampl 1 ng
Location
Gardim'er/604
Gardinier/G07
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/G02
Gardinier/G05
Gardinier/G07
Gardinier/G07
Gardinier/G04
Gardinier/GlO
Gardinier/G05
Gardinier/GOl
Gardinier/G07
Gardinier/G03
Gardinier/GOl
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR02
Grace/GROl
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR03
Grace/GR08
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR04
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GR02
Grace/GR04
Date
12/03/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
01/07/86
01/14/86
01/21/86
01/28/86
02/04/86
03/05/86
04/01/86
04/29/86
05/28/86
06/24/86
08/06/85
08/13/85
08/20/85
08/27/85
09/04/85
09/10/85
09/17/85
09/24/85
10/01/85
10/08/85
10/15/85
10/22/85
10/29/85
11/05/85
11/14/85
11/20/85
11/26/85
12/03/85
12/10/85
12/17/85
12/24/85
12/31/85
01/07/86
01/14/86
01/21/86
01/28/86
Moisture,
Percent'3'
10.7
9.2
5.2
4.7
5.0
11.6
11.4
10.4
13.8
4.9
12.0
8.3
7.4
9.4
17.8
9.7
15.1
29.3
25.9
22.5
10.3
5.8
10.8
7.5
12.7
5.6
3.2
6.1
9.9
6.9
9.9
8.9
6.4
8.3
7.1
8.0
5.0
10.9
14.7
5.2
8.9
Moisture.
Percent^6)
11.0
9.3
5.4
4.6
* w
4 5
~ w
U7
/
11 3
J. X wr
10 2
Jl w fc
13 Q
x o y
R 1
9.1
100
It. . C.
9.4
7 Q
/ y
80
j
nf.
o
90
. L.
15 ft
1 9 O
?
.u
11
.1
1A
.2
3^
.6
ni
.1
2 A
.8
0«j
.7
2/-\
.0
18.7
E-12
-------
Table E.5 Quality assurance results for moisture content measurements
- Continued
Site/Sampling
Location
Grace/GR04
Grace/GR07
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR07
Grace/GROl
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR08
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR07
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR09
Grace/GRlO
Grace/GR09
Grace/GR03
Grace/GR08
Grace/GR05
Grace/GR06
Grace/GR03T
Royster/R06
Royster/RlO
Royster/R08
Royster/ROo
Royster/RlO
Royster/R03
Royster/R04
Royster/RlO
Royster/R07
Royster/R07
Royster/R05
Royster/RlO
Date
02/04/86
02/11/86
02/18/86
02/25/86
03/05/86
03/11/86
03/18/86
03/25/86
04/01/86
04/08/86
04/15/86
04/22/86
04/29/86
05/06/86
05/13/86
05/20/86
05/28/86
06/03/86
06/10/86
06/17/86
06/24/86
07/01/86
07/08/86
07/15/86
07/15/86
09/04/85
09/24/86
10/15/85
11/14/85
12/10/85
01/07/86
02/11/86
03/11/86
04/08/86
05/06/86
06/03/86
07/01/86
Moisture,
Percent*3'
5.5
12.5
9.4
12.6
10.3
11.2
14.7
12.9
10.3
9.1
9.9
8.3
5.0
8.9
7.0
9.4
4.0
3.5
8.9
20.3
22.4
14.4
14.9
10.4
7.0
29.9
6.5
1.7
9.4
7.8
19.7
17.7
23.0
11.5
18.6
11.4
20.7
Moisture,
Percent*5)
5.2
12.8
9.5
12,5
10.3
11.3
14.6
13.5
9.9
9.1
9.8
8.2
4.7
9.0
6.9
10.5
4.0
3.5
9.2
20.0
21*3
14.6
14.7
10.5
7.4
29.6
6.5
2.5
10.5
7.9
19.9
17.9
22.5
11.6
19.2
11.4
20.8
Percent
Difference
5.8
-2.3
-1.0
0.8
0
-0.9
0.7
-4.4
4.0
0
1.0
1.2
6.4
-1.1
1.4
-10.5
0
0
-3.3
1.5
5.2
-1.4
1.4
-1.0
-5.4
1.0
0
-32.0
-10.5
-1.3
-1.0
-1.1
2.2
-0.9
-3.1
0
-0.5
jjJJFirst analysis.
tb'Second analysis.
E-13
-------
content differed on the average by 2 percent, while samples containing
less than 5 percent moisture differed on the average by about 8 percent,
although the latter is greatly influenced by the one duplicate analysis
that differed by 32 percent. In general, the results of the duplicate
analyses for moisture contant indicate that the measurements for this
study are satisfactory.
E.4 Alpha Track Detectors
Five control (unexposed) track etch detectors were retained at the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama and
at the Polk County Health Department in Winter Haven, Florida during each
of the three exposure periods, July 22, 1985 to December 4, 1985,
December 2, 1985 to April 3, 1986 and April 2, 1986 to July 23, 1986. At
the end of each period, the detectors were briefly opened to indicate
exposure and then returned to the supplier for reading. The radon
concentrations reported by the supplier for these control detectors are
listed in Table E.6.
The apparent concentrations read from the control detectors by the
supplier are all similar and reasonably low except for those retained by
the Polk County Health Department during the third exposure period. This
is apparent from the following table which lists the average
concentrations for each period at each site. Excluding the third period
controls from the Polk County Health Department, the average radon
E-14
-------
Radon Concentration Reported, pCi/1
Location/Sample
EERF/control
Polk County /control
Stack Perimeters/
exposed'3' ...
Polk County, Bkglb>
First Period
0.10 + 0.02
0.07 7 0.01
0.77
0.16
Second Period
0.05 + 0.01
0.09^ 0.01
0.55
0.18
Third Period
0.08 + 0.01
0.27 ~ 0.06
0.82
0.16
(a)Average radon concentration measured at the 5 phosphogypsum stack
perimeters, see Table 4.13.
Table 4.13.
Table E.6 Alpha track detector controls
Control Location
Radon Concentration, pCi/1
First Period Second Period Third Period
EERF(a)
EERF
EERF
EERF
EERF
Polk County(b)
Polk County
Polk County
Polk County
Polk County
0.13
0.06
0.07
0.14
0.08
0.09
0.05
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.09
0.03
0.04
0.09
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.18
0.10
0.86
0.11
ta'Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, USEPA, Montgomery, Alabama.
Polk County Health Department, Winter HaVen» Florida.
E-15
-------
concentration reported for the controls is 0.08 pCi/1, which is about half
the background concentration and 8 to 10 times less than the average
concentrations measured at the perimeters of the five phosphogypsum
stacks. However, the average apparent concentration read from the third
period control detectors from the Polk County Health Department is nearly
twice the background concentration and about a third of the average
concentration measured at the phosphogypsum stacks for that period. In
fact, one control detector indicated a concentration of 0.86 pCi/1 which
exceeds the average concentration measured at the phosphogypsum stacks.
The supplier could not render an explanation for this anomoly. It should
be noted that these control concentrations were not considered in
determining the radon concentrations at the phosphogypsum stacks.
The alpha-track detectors were calibrated during each exposure period
by exposing a set of detectors to different concentrations of radon in the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility's radon calibration chamber and
then shipping the exposed detectors to the supplier for measurement. The
results of these measurements are given in Table E.7. The supplier
measured the concentrations low by 25 percent during the first period,
high by 50 percent during the third period, and accurately only during the
second period. The radon concentrations measured at the phosphogypsum
stacks were adjusted according to the average ratio, actual exposure
divided by the average measured exposure, listed for each period in the 5th
column of the table. The standard deviations for these average ratios are
4, 3, and 5 percent for the first, second, and third period measurements,
E-16
-------
respectively. The precision of these measurements, indicated by the
standard deviation of the individual measurements to the mean
concentration (4th column in Table E.7), varied from 3 to 9 percent for
the first period, 5 to 10 percent for the second period, and 5 to 30
percent for the third period measurements. Thus, the precision was not
particularly good. Radon concentrations measured during the third period
clearly have the greatest uncertainties associated with their values.
E.5 High-Volume Air Samples
Duplicate radiochemical analyses were performed on three composite
high-volume air filter samples: two from the southeast location at the
W.R. Grace stack and one from the background location in Winter Haven,
Florida. The composite air filters were ashed and two aliquots of the ash
were taken for the duplicate analysis. Thus, the homogeneity of the
sample is questionable. The results of these duplicate analyses are shown
in Table E.8.
Comparing the duplicate results for Ra-228, U-235, Th-227, and Th-228
has little meaning because the 2a errors associated with the measured
concentrations are at best 160 percent, 70 percent, 100 percent and 80
percent, respectively. These radionuclides are in low abundances. The
percent difference in the principal radionuclide concentrations measured
in the duplicate samples along with their 2o counting errors are listed in
the table below.
E-17
-------
Table E.7 Calibration of the alpha-track detectors^3)
Exposure
Period
First
First
First
First
Number of
Detectors
5
5
5
5
Exposure, (b
pCi/1
54
106
541
953
' Average Measured
Exposure, pCi/lfc)
46+4
89 ~ 3
423 ~ 18
699 T 28
Actual Exposure
Average
Measured Exposure
1.17
1.19
1.28
1.36
Second
Second(d)
Third
Third
Third
Third
5
10
5
5
5
5
476
476
52
99
518
1060
Average
468 _+ 47
486 + 24
Average
80 + 24
154 T 23
807 + 99
1436 T 65
1.25 + 0.05
1.00 + 0.03
Average
0.67 + 0.03
}?!See Appendix D, Tables D.2 and D.3.
^'Detectors were exposed in the Eastern Environmental Radiation
Facility's radon calibration chamber.
}<}+ values are the standard deviations of the means
la'Detectors were exposed during the second period but read during the
third period. s
E-18
-------
Table E.8 Quality assurance results for radionuclide concentrations in high-volume air samples, pCi/1
Location
W.R. Graced
W.R. Grace (a '
Background^)
Sampling Period
3/31/86-4/28/86
3/31/86-4/28/86
5/27/86-6/23/86
5/27/86-6/23/86
7/27/85-08/26/85
7/27/85-08/26/85
Ra-226
1.7E-4
1.8E-4
1.4E-4
1.8E-4
4.5E-5
4.0E-5
Ra-228 U-234
1.
1.
1.
1.
3.4E-5 4.
1.8E-5 3.
6E-4
7E-4
2E-4
1E-4
1E-5
8E-5
U-235
1.3E-5
6.7E-7
5.2E-6
3.7E-6
1.2E-6
1.4E-6
U-238
1.4E-4
I.6E-4
1.1E-4
l.OE-4
3.7E-5
3.9E-5
Th-227
3.9E-6
1.3E-6
1.4E-6
3. IE- 6
2.1E-6
2.9E-6
Th-228
1.8E-6
-6.4E-6
7.1E-6
1.7E-5
3.5E-7
7.3E-6
Th-230
1.
1.
1.
1.
3.
3.
5E-4
7E-4
5E-4
3E-4
8E-5
5E-5
Th-232
1.2E-5
1.5E-5
9.3E-6
1.4E-5
1.1E-5
8.9E-6
(^Samples collected from the southeast location at the W.R. Grace stack.
1°)Winter Haven, Florida.
-------
The percent difference observed between the concentrations measured
in the duplicate samples for all radionuclides except Ra-226 were less
than the 2o counting errors. For the Ra-226 analyses, the differences in
two duplicate results were near the counting error, while for the third,
W.R. Grace (5/27-6/23/86), a difference of about 20 percent was observed
in the two results compared to a counting error of 3 percent. However,
the actual difference in the concentrations measured is not large,
1.4 X 10~4 pCi/1 and 1.8 X 10~4 pCi/1. In general, these results
indicate that the.radiochemical analyses of the high-volume air samples
were satisfactory.
Sampling Percent Difference in Duplicate Analyses
Sample Period Ra-226 IP234" U-238 Th-230Th-232
W.R. Grace 3/31-4/28/86 6 6 14 13 25
W.R. Grace 5/27-6/23/86 22 8 9 13 50
Counting Error ~ ~~
(Percent) 3 15 15 14 44
Background 7/27-8/26/85 _11 7 5 8 19
Counting Error
(Percent) 6 20 20 22 37
E-20
-------
APPENDIX F
The average radon-222 flux measured during each sampling period
on the phosphogypsum stacks
-------
Table F.I The average radon flux by sampling period
on the pnosphogypsum stacks
p
Radon Flux, pCi/m - sec
Sampling Arithmetic Standard Minimum
Period Mean Deviation Value
07/22/85-07/23/85
07/29/85-07/30/85
08/05/85-08/06/85
08/12/85-08/13/85
08/19/85-08/20/85
08/26/85-08/27/85
09/03/85-09/04/85
09/09/85-09/10/85
09/16/85-09/17/85
09/23/85-09/24/85
09/30/85-10/01/85
10/07/85-10/08/85
10/14/85-10/15/85
10/21/85-10/22/85
10/28/85-10/29/85
11/04/85-11/05/85
11/12/85-11/13/85
11/18/85-11/19/85
11/25/85-11/26/85
12/02/85-12/03/85
12/09/85-12/10/85
12/16/85-12/17/85
12/23/85-12/24/85
12/30/85-12/31/85
01/06/86-01/07/86
01/13/86-01/14/86
01/20/86-01/21/86
01/27/86-01/28/86
02/03/86-02/04/86
03/04/86-03/05/86
03/31/86-04/01/86
04/28/86-04/29/86
05/27/86-05/28/86
06/23/86-06/24/86
29
14
23
18
12
11
15
15
21
22
30
33
21
20
18
18
12
25
21
25
21
22
30
19
19
18
17
17
21
23
8
20
21
15
Gardim'er Stack
27
7
16
23
10
8
11
7
15
13
21
24
7
6
14
13
8
22
7
12
6
9
12
8
7
16
13
12
14
10
5
10
15
10
2.5
7.2
9.5
0.31
0.96
1.2
1.3
2.1
4.9
3.0
4.2
5.3
13
14
1.8
0.88
0.19
4.1
14
6.8
10
3.7
15
6.5
7.5
1.4
4.0
8.5
9.0
4.5
1.7
5.8
6.1
2.8
Maximum
Value
99
27
62
63
29
28
33
23
56
48
67
75
34
32
48
38
22
70
36
44
31
31
55
29
29
45
52
50
56
34
17
36
57
36
Number
of Values
10
9
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
F-l
-------
Table F.I The average radon flux by sampling period
on the phosphogypsum stacks - Continued
Sampl i ng Ari thmetic
Period Mean
07/24/85-07/25/85
07/29/85-07/30/85
08/05/85-08/06/85
08/12/85-08/13/85
08/19/85-08/20/85
08/26/85-08/27/85
09/03/85-09/04/85
09/09/85-09/10/85
09/16/85-09/17/85
09/23/85-09/24/85
09/30/85-10/01/85
10/07/85-10/08/85
10/14/85-10/15/85
10/21/85-10/22/85
10/28/85-10/29/85
11/04/85-11/05/85
11/12/85-11/13/85
11/18/85-11/19/85
11/25/85-11/26/85
12/02/85-12/03/85
12/09/85-12/10/85
12/16/85-12/17/85
12/23/85-12/24/85
12/30/85-12/31/85
01/06/86-01/07/86
01/13/86-01/14/86
01/20/86-01/21/86
01/27/86-01/28/86
02/03/86-02/04/86
02/10/86-02/11/86
02/17/86-02/18/86
02/24/86-02/25/86
03/04/86-03/05/86
03/10/86-03/11/86
03/17/86-03/18/86
03/24/86-03/25/86
03/31/86-04/01/86
04/07/86-04/08/86
04/14/86-04/15/86
04/21/86-04/22/86
04/28/86-04/29/86
05/05/86-05/06/86
10
19
16
18
14
16
16
6
19
13
14
14
11
13
15
16
14
20
16
16
17
20
19
17
15
20
15
19
17
40
21
16
21
20
9
11
13
11
14
12
9
21
Radon Flux, pCi/m - sec
Standard
Deviation
W.R. Grace Stack
6
7
13
10
9
15
10
7
18
8
7
7
5
9
7
16
9
17
7
8
-B
17
13
7
8
13
7
13
7
61
11
11
9
7
9
7
6
4
7
4
4
13
Minimum
Value
2.8
7.7
0.22
0.51
1.9
4.0
1.0
0.26
1.1
1.2
1.8
1.6
2.4
2.6
3.1
0.27
3.8
3.8
7.1
5.1
6.4
4.3
6.0
8.6
5.8
2.4
3.3
2.1
7.4
1.0
7.1
2.2
8.0
9.9
1.5
4.1
3.4
3.7
4.4
2 9
b j
3.2
4.4
Maximum
Value
19
31
43
35
26
54
33
22
65
23
25
25
18
30
24
54
33
61
27
29
30
*j\j
63
47
31
30
41
24
48
29
210
39
34
38
33
26
25
21
17
A
27
Co f
14
*~
43
Number
of Values
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1C
10
10
4. W
10
-------
Table F.I The average radon flux by sampling period
on the phosphogypsum stacks - Continued
Sampling Arithmetic
Period
05/12/86-05/13/86
05/19/86-05/20/86
05/27/86-05/28/86
06/02/86-06/03/86
06/09/86-06/10/86
06/16/86-06/17/86
06/23/86-06/24/86
06/30/86-07/01/86
07/07/86-07/08/86
07/14/86-07/15/86
07/25/85-07/26/85
09/03/85-09/04/85
09/23/85-09/24/85
10/14/85-10/15/85
11/12/85-11/13/85
12/09/85-12/10/85
01/06/86-01/07/86
02/10/86-02/11/86
03/10/86-03/11/86
04/07/86-04/08/86
05/05/86-05/06/86
06/02/86-06/03/86
06/30/86-07/01/86
07/24/85-07/25/85
08/19/85-08/20/85
09/30/85-10/01/85
10/21/85-10/22/85
11/18/85-11/19/85
12/16/85-12/17/85
01/13/86-01/14/86
02/24/86-02/25/86
03/17/86-03/18/86
04/14/86-04/15/86
05/12/86-05/13/86
06/09/86-06/10/86
07/07/86-07/08/86
Mean
17
22
19
16
12
9
13
14
11
10
33
30
21
16
22
30
26
32
20
7
11
15
17
68
38
22
12
31
24
33
25
15
11
16
16
18
Radon Flux, pC1/mz
Standard
Deviation
5
9
11
8
7
6
19
13
9
4
Royster Stack
12
14
6
5
10
10
21
18
18
4
7
9
18
Conserv Stack
103
64
9
6
23
6
11
11
11
7
6
7
4
Minimum
Value
9.1
10.3
4.1
3.4
3.3
0.73
0.96
1.9
2.1
3v7
19
12
13
9.7
3.7
16
7.0
7.9
1.7
2.6
3.5
5.2
0.59
18
5.8
4.1
2.4
9.5
17
20
5.8
1.5
2.7
9.9
9.1
11
- sec
Maximum
Value
25
36
38
28
28
f\f\
20
65
35
*\ f\
32
17
56
61
37
25
37
45
81
67
50
16
24
36
59
340
210
34
22
82
*l p*
35
61
Jt A
42
M 4
41
26
/» f\
28
27
26
Number
of Values
10
10
10
10
10
« /\
10
10
1 f\
10
4 f\
10
10
10
10
4 f\
10
10
9
10
9
10
10
10
8
10
9
9
4 f\
10
4 A
10
10
1 f\
10
f\
10
4 f\
10
1 A
10
10
1 A
10
4 f\
10
10
F-3
-------
Table F.I The average radon flux by sampling period
on the phosphogypsum stacks - Continued
Sampling Arithmetic
Period Mean
07/25/85-07/26/85
09/09/85-09/10/85
10/07/85-10/08/85
10/28/85-10/29/85
12/02/85-12/03/85
12/23/85-12/24/85
01/27/86-01/28/86
02/17/86-02/18/86
03/24/86-03/25/86
04/21/86-04/22/86
05/19/86-05/20/86
06/16/86-06/17/86
07/14/86-07/15/86
3.8
1.9
4.1
4.4
3.9
5.8
4.1
6.1
3.6
4.7
3.4
7.3
4.2
Radon Flux, pCi/m2
Standard
Deviation
Estech Stack
1.4
1.0
2.2
2.5
1.7
3.5
2.2
3.3
1.2
1.9
2.3
3.3
1.8
Minimum
Value
2.0
0.57
1.7
2.0
0.60
0.95
0.82
2.0
1.4
1.3
0.67
3.5
1.6
- sec
Maximum
Value
5.5
3.6
8.9
9.9
5.9
14.
9.1
14
6.1
8.7
7.5
15
7.6
Number
of Values
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
F-4
------- |