United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Radiation Program
P.O. Box 98517
Las Vegas NV 89193-8517
EPA/520/6-88/008
June 1988
Radiation
Radiofrequency
Electromagnetic
Fields and Induced
Currents in the
Spokane, Washington
Area

June 29-July 3, 1987

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   RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND
INDUCED CURRENTS IN THE SPOKANE,  WASHINGTON AREA
             JUNE 29 - JULY 3, 1987
               Prepared for the
      Office of Engineering and Technology
       Federal Communications Commission
 through Interagency Agreement RW27931344-01-4
            Electromagnetics Branch
          Office of Radiation Programs
      U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
                 P.O. Box 98517
         Las Vegas, Nevada  89193-8517
                   April 1988

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                               STUDY PARTICIPANTS
                        Environmental  Protection Agency
                          Office of Radiation Programs
                               Las Vegas Facility

                                *R1chard A.  Tell
                               Edwin D.  Mantlply
                                 "Paul  Wagner
                       Federal Communications Commission
                      Office of Engineering and Technology

                            Robert F. Cleveland, Jr.
 'Richard A. Tell Associates, Inc.
  Las Vegas, Nevada
"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Region 4
  Atlanta. GA

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                               EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

     The  Environmental  Protection  Agency  and  the   Federal   Communications
Commission  conducted  a  joint  study  of  radlofrequency  (RF)  electromagnetic
field levels and  Induced  RF currents 1n the Spokane  area  In June,  1987.   The
location of  several  AM towers  In residential  areas  of southern  Spokane  made
this an advantageous location for the study and allowed the  collection  of  data
on many different  sources  at every measurement site.   One  high power station,
KGA-AM, 1s located within a few hundred feet of an  elementary  school.   Induced
currents due  to the KGA-AM antenna  have caused concerns among  the  workers at
Mull an  Road  School and have lead to corrective  actions.   Measurements  were
made at the  school to assess the present situation.  A first endeavor was also
made to collect data to predict Induced currents In workers  climbing active AM
radio towers.

     Another goal  of  the  study was  to  Investigate RF  levels  near TV and FM
antennas In  the  Spokane  area.  At the  base  of FM  radio  towers on  Mica Peak,
calculations Indicated power densities  would exceed 1000 microwatts per square
                  2                                                          2
centimeter  (uW/cm ).  The  maximum  measured power  density was   2000  yW/cm  .
Measurements were  also made close to TV and FM antennas on Mt. Spokane and on
Krell  H111.   Power  densities  that approach  or exceed  the American  National
Standards  Institute radlofrequency  radiation  protection  guide  (Reference 5)
were found on  Mt.  Spokane,  but only  low power densities  were found  on Krell
Hill.

     The  final  purpose  of  the  study  was  to refine broadband  measurement
procedures.  Field perturbation by an Individual  making  a  measurement  and by
conductive  objects  were   Investigated,   and  two  problems  associated  with
broadband  measurement  equipment,  RF potential  sensitivity and  nonslnusoldal
response were demonstrated.

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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                           Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 	     1

LIST OF FIGURES 	   Ill

LIST OF TABLES 	    1v

INTRODUCTION 	     1

MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT 	     1
  Electric and Magnetic Field Measuring Equipment 	     2
    Broadband Field Strength Meters 	     2
    Narrowband Field Strength Measuring Equipment 	     4
  Current Measur1ng Equ1pment 	     6
    Current Probe 	     6
    Current Meter 	     7

PROCEDURES AND RESULTS  	     7
  Community Measurements Near the AM Radio Towers 	     7
    Narrowband Measurements 	     8
    Broadband Measurements 	     9
    Residential Measurements 	     9
  AM Measurements at the MulIan Road School 	    10
  Induced Currents at the MulIan Road School 	    12
  Body Current on an AM Tower 	    13
  Measured Electric Fields near an AM Tower Surface 	    15
  Body Current due to AM Magnetic Fields 	    16
  Body Current due to AM Electric Fields 	    17
  Mt. Spokane 	    18
     Survey of Areas Near the Transmitting Building 	    19
  Krell Hill 	    20
  M1 ca Peak 	    20
  Measurement Issues 	    21
    RF Potential Sensitivity 	    21
    Non-sinusoidal response 	    22
    Field Perturbation by Operator 	    23
    Field Enhancement by Conductive Objects 	    24

CONCLUSIONS 	    25

REFERENCES 	    27

FIGURES

TABLES

APPENDIX A.  Instrument Calibration Data

APPENDIX B.  Program ZOOM Listing

APPENDIX C.  Detailed Narrowband Results

                                       11

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                                    FIGURES

Figure 1.  Automated Measurement System
Figure 2.  Southern Spokane Area
Figure 3.  Mull an Road School East Wing Ground Currents
Figure 4.  Tower Climb and Numerical Electromagnetic Code Modeling Results
Figure 5.  Tower Climber Body Current vs. Radial Electric Field
Figure 6.  Mica Peak Towers and Results
                                      111

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                                     TABLES

Table 1.  Spectrum Analyzer Setting for ZOOM Measurements
Table 2.  Community Measurement Data Near Spokane AM Radio Towers
Table 3.  Electric Field Values Along the North Side of 63rd Street
          Across from the Mull an Road Elementary School
Table 4.  Electric and Magnetic Fields Inside the Mull an Road
          Elementary School
Table 5.  Measured Body Current on KKPL Tower
Table 6.  Measured and Modeled Radial Electric Fields
Table 7.  Ground Level Body Current near KKPL
Table 8.  Maximum Power Densities In the Mt. Spokane Fire Tower.
Table 9.  Measurements Made for Instrument Evaluation.  Electric
          Field as Determined with Several Instruments at a
          Single Location Near the Mull an Road School
Table 10. Operator Perturbation of Field Values with Probe
          Remaining Stationary on Top of Dielectric Support.
Table 11. Operator Perturbation of Field Values Under Normal
          Field Conditions - I.e. Operator Holding Probe and Meter.
                                       1v

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                   RADIOFREOUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND
                INDUCED CURRENTS IN THE SPOKANE.  HASHINGTON AREA
INTRODUCTION

     In an  effort to obtain  data on  levels  of radlofrequency  radiation  near
broadcast facilities,  the  Federal  Communications  Commission (FCC)  and  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency  (EPA)  have  been conducting measurement surveys
at selected  sites  around  the  country over the  past  few years.  These  surveys
have been  performed under  the  terms of  an  Interagency agreement  between the
FCC and  the EPA  and  have  Involved  staff  from both  agencies.   One area  of
Interest has  been the  determination  of electric  and  magnetic  fields  near  AM
broadcast towers.   Data on such fields have  been limited and  are  needed  In
order  to  better   understand  the  potential   for  exposure  of the  public  and
workers to  RF  radiation from  these  stations.   Spokane, Washington  Is  a  good
area  for  acquiring  such  data   due  to  the  relatively  large  number  of  AM
broadcast stations  1n  the vicinity, many  of which  are located  1n relatively
close  proximity  to residential  and  commercial  areas.   In  addition,  there are
several  potential  measurement   sites  with   FM   and  television  broadcast
stations.   Therefore. It  was  decided that the Spokane area would offer the FCC
and EPA  an  excellent opportunity to  acquire data  on  electromagnetic  fields
from broadcast  transmitters.   The  study  was  carried  out  between  June  29 and
July 3,  1987,  and measurements were  obtained of  fields near AM,  FM,  and
television  transmitters.   In  addition, measurements  of Induced body current
were made on a human subject while climbing an active AM tower.
MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT

     The equipment  used  1n the Spokane study  can  be  divided Into two classes,
devices used to  measure  radlofrequency (RF) currents Induced  1n  objects  by AM
broadcast fields  and  equipment used to measure RF electric (E) or magnetic (H)
field strengths at AM. FM. and TV broadcast frequencies.

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Electric and Magnetic Field Measuring Equipment

     RF  field  strength  was  measured  using  either  broadband  electric  or
magnetic field  strength meters  or,  alternatively,  narrowband  tunable  meters
connected to antennas sensitive to electric or magnetic fields (E or H).

Broadband Field Strength Meters

     Several different broadband meters were used during the Spokane study.
Appendix A contains EPA  calibration  data  for the equipment used  In  the  study.
The  broadband  meters  have  complementary  characteristics  which  allow  most
environments  to be  surveyed  accurately  by  at  least  one  meter.   Important
limiting  characteristics  Include:   RF potential  sensitivity,   non-sinusoidal
response,  zero  stability,   electrostatic  sensitivity,  out-of-band  response.
1 sotropy,  and absolute  calibration  as  a function  of frequency.   While  this
list  Is not  exhaustive,  It does Include topics  that EPA  has  found  to  be
significant   practical   problems  1n  the  field  and  which   can  completely
Invalidate measurements.  A  description  of these characteristics  1s presented
below;  examples  of  their  effects  are  Included  1n  later  sections  of  the
report.  Other characteristics such as linearity, thermal  stability, and cable
flexure  response   are   not   usually  practical  concerns  for   well  designed
Instruments.

     RF  potential   sensitivity—Potential  sensitivity  affects  electric  field
meters  which use  high  resistance leads  to Isolate  the  probe  from the meter
readout.   This  sensitivity  appears  to  be   a  practical   problem  only  at
frequencies   below  about   10  MHz.    The  problem   can   be  demonstrated  by
electrically  Isolating  the  system near  an AM  radio station and  changing the
vertical separation between  the  meter readout  and  probe; the  meter response
will Increase with  separation.  This Increase occurs  In an essentially uniform
vertical   electric  field  which  has  equally  spaced  horizontal  potential
surfaces.   This   Is  because  the   high   resistance  leads   offer  Inadequate
Isolation  between  the probe  and the meter at  low frequenles,  and perturb the
electric field at  the probe.  This perturbation can be demonstrated by

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bringing the hlgh-reslstance-lead probe  near  a well  Isolated meter and  noting
the change In  measured  field  displayed on the  Isolated unit.   This effect  Is
not a problem  for  Instruments without high resistance leads, such  as  those  In
which the antenna and meter are a single well  Isolated  unit.

     Non-sinusoidal response—Ideally, field  strength meters should respond  to
the true  RMS field  strength  even In  non-sinusoidal  fields.  However,  diode-
based meters operating above the square law region of the diode will generally
respond  high  In  non-sinusoidal  fields,  If   calibrated  In  sinusoidal  fields.
Non-sinusoidal   fields   1n  the  broadcast   environment   Include  video-   or
amplitude-modulated signals and  multiple  frequency  environments.   Typically, a
meter will read 1 to 2 dB high In these environments.   The amount of error  can
vary with time  and spatial position.

     Zero stability—HMle  thermocouple based  meters  are true RMS detectors,
they  can  have  problems  with  zero  drift especially  on  the  most  sensitive
range.  The  zero may drift only while  the field 1s applied but  be relatively
stable when the probe Is shielded or  In the absence  of a field.   This  property
limits the usable  sensitivity of these meters and requires  careful re-zeroing
during measurement and calibration.

     Electrostatic  sensitivity—Some meters  are  sensitive  to  electrostatic
fields.   Preliminary laboratory  work  has demonstrated  this sensitivity.   In
the field,  It  has  been observed that  meter  readings can  stabilize  when  the
surveyor 1s  grounded.   Stability may also depend on weather conditions  and on
the type of shoes and clothing worn by the operator.

     Out-of-band  response—Many  field  meters  have  resonant   responses   at
certain  frequencies  well  above  their  specified  frequency   range.   These
resonances can lead to  significant  meter responses at  frequencies where  the
meter should not  respond at all.  The  responses of  some  meters at frequencies
below their  specified frequency  range  can also be unpredictable  because  of
potential sensitivity.   For example,  some RF  meters Inappropriately respond to
60 Hz electric  fields.

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     Isotropy— The IFI  unit used  In  this study detects only one  polarization
at a time and must be reoriented If Isotroplc measurements are  necessary.   The
other meters  used are  designed  to be  Isotroplc  and are successful to  a  good
approximation.  One exception, however, Is magnetic field probes which  contain
three orthogonal  loops  In a  "petal"  arrangement  on three faces  of a cube.
These probes typically read 3  dB low when the magnetic field Is  perpendicular
to the  probe  axis.   The probe Is usually calibrated with the field parallel to
the probe  axis  and  reads a maximum 1n  this  orientation.   So,  If the probe Is
oriented  to read  a maximum  during  field measurements  the  reading should be
accurate.

     Absolute  calibration—Finally,   all  measurements  are  dependent   on  the
absolute  value  of the  field  used  to calibrate the field strength  meter.   The
accuracy  of the  EPA  laboratory calibration  fields  at  these  frequencies  Is
believed  to be  better  than  0.5 dB  based  on cross  checks  with the  National
Bureau of  Standards.   Propagation  of  worst  case errors for  factors  leading to
the theoretical calculation of the field gives a probable error  of about 1 dB
(Reference  1).   Generally,  the EPA  laboratory  calibration of  a  meter  will
agree with the manufacturer's calibration within 0.5 dB.

Narrowband Field Strength Measuring Equipment

     While  broadband meters  are  portable,  respond quickly, and  are easy to
operate,  they  do not  provide  Information on  the  RF  field  Intensity   at  any
particular  frequency.    Nhen   several  RF  sources  are present.  It  Is  often
necessary to know the contribution from each source.   Narrowband  methods allow
this determination.   Most of  the  broadband meter  limitations  described above
do not  apply  to narrowband measurement systems,  however, narrowband  equipment
Is  not  a panacea.   Potential  sensitivity  can  be a  problem  for  narrowband
electric field  antennas  which  use coaxial cable  at low  frequencies.   Isotropy
can  only  be  achieved  by making  three  orthogonal  measurements with  antennas
having  a short-dlpole pattern.   The  large  physical  size of   some  narrowband
antennas  does  not   allow the  fine  spatial  resolution  of a field  that Is
possible  with  smaller   broadband  equipment.    Each   narrowband  measurement
requires an  Individual  set up, and the complexity,  weight,  power requirement,
and expense Is greater with narrowband systems than with broadband systems.

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     A narrowband  system generally  consists  of  an antenna,  a  cable,  and  a
calibrated receiver.  Two receivers  and  two antennas were used  1n  this  study.
Either antenna could be used with either  receiver.  An Eaton loop antenna  with
coaxial   cable   was  used   to   measure   magnetic   fields   at  AM   broadcast
frequencies.  A Nanofast fiber optically  Isolated spherical dlpole  (FOISD)  was
used  for  electric  field measurement  at AM  to UHF-TV broadcast  frequencies.
The primary receiver  was a  Hewlett-Packard (HP)  Model 8566A  spectrum analyzer
used  1n an  automated  system.  A Potomac  Model FIM-41,  as  described  1n the  next
section on  current probe  measurements,   was  also  used   as  a  receiver  at  AM
frequencies.

     The  automated  system diagramed  In Figure 1 consists  of the FOISD antenna,
spectrum  analyzer, antenna  rotator  system,  and  the  controlling  HP  9845B
computer  with  peripherals.   This  small  antenna  (11.5   cm   In  diameter)  1s
sensitive to  electric fields,  1s  linearly polarized, and has  a short-dlpole
pattern.  The  axis of the antenna was oriented at about  55°  from  the  axis of
Its  support mast.   With this  orientation,  the antenna  1s   placed  1n  three
orthogonal  positions  by rotating  the  mast to  three azimuths,  120°  apart.  A
computer  program  called  ZOOM Is used to  control  the system  and Is  listed 1n
Appendix B.   The  program Is edited to contain  a  11st  of  broadcast stations to
be measured.  When executed, the program sets the  spectrum analyzer  to measure
power at  each  frequency  1n  the list and  the measurement  Is repeated at each of
the three orthogonal  antenna positions.   Antenna factors  are applied to  give
field  strengths.   Finally  the  three  power  values are added to give  an
"Isotroplc  received  power," 1.  e.,  the  power  received  by a  hypothetical
Isotroplc antenna, and the results are printed and stored  on disk.

     The  accurate  measurement  of  average  power  by  the  spectrum  analyzer
requires  special  analyzer settings  for  each broadcast band.   These  settings
(Table  1) have  been  determined  empirically  1n  the  laboratory using a power
splitter, thermocouple power sensors,  and  real  broadcast signals.   For video
measurements, the  peak  power during the  synchronization  pulse Is multiplied by
0.4 to give an average power for normal programming.

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     The  absolute   calibration  of  the  field  system  Is  tested  In  the   EPA
laboratory.  The  accuracy  of the  field system  1s similar  to  that  for  the
broadband probes because the same calibration source 1s used.  A  corrollary  1s
that small differences  between  FOISD and probe measurements  do not necessarily
Imply high absolute accuracy  -  only consistency.   Also,  large differences  In
results  from broadband  and narrowband  systems  must be  due  to  factors other
than calibration.

Current Measuring Equipment

     Two  devices  were  used to  measure  RF  current, an  RF  "clamp-on"  current
prfibe  used with  a tunable  voltmeter  and  a  direct reading  RF  current  panel
meter.

Current Probe

     The  current  probe  used  was  an  Eaton  Model  91550-1  having  a  window
diameter  of  1.25  Inch and a frequency  range  of 30 Hz  to 100 MHz.  The maximum
Impedance  added to the  conductor under  test  Is  0.75 ohm.  The net  RF current
through  the  window  (Ip)  Is  determined  from the  RF  voltage  (Eg) across  50
ohms  at  the  current probe  output,  divided  by  the  current  probe  transfer
Impedance  (Zj).   During  this field work,  RF current  was measured In several
situations  at  either  630 kHz  or  1510 kHz.  the  broadcast  frequencies  of
stations  KKPL-AM   and  KGA-AM.   The  transfer  Impedance  can  be read  from the
manufacturer-supplied  graph  to be  3.6  ohms  at  630 kHz  and  4.5  ohms  at
1510 kHz.   These  values  were  corroborated  with  laboratory measurements  of
3.58 ohms  at  630  kHz and 4.49 ohms  at  1510  kHz,  with  an  accuracy  of  about
II.

     The  error  1n  measuring  E~  dominates  the  error  1n  Ip  measurement.
ES  was  measured using  a Potomac Model  FIM-41  as a  tunable voltmeter.   The
Potomac  external   Input  was  calibrated  In  the  field at  100  mV^e  using  a
Hewlett-Packard 3314A function  generator as  a  known  RF voltage  source  Into
50 ohms.   The  accuracy of the  function generator voltage  Is  ±21.   Potomac
specifies that non-linearity contributes up to 51 error.   Two complicating

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factors have to  be  considered.   First,  some measurements were  made without  a
50 ohm feed-through  resistor  on the Potomac Input.   An experimental  correction
factor for not using the resistor was found to  be  0.641  at 630 kHz and  0.392
at 1510 kHz  and  that factor has been Incorporated  In  the data  presented  here.
Second,  the  non-linearity  of  the  Potomac  was  determined  to  be   out  of
specification for levels  below  10 mV.  These lower  voltages were only  measured
at 630 kHz where the readings could  be  101 high due to the  nonlinearity.   It
Is unknown  whether   this  nonllnearlty existed In the  field  so  no corrections
are made based upon  It.   The  only  measurements that could be affected  by this
nonllnearlty are the current probe measurements at the  KKPL-AM site.

Current Meter

     The  current Induced  through  the  arms of  an  Individual  climbing  an  AM
broadcast tower  was measured  using a Simpson RF current  meter  (150 mA full
scale).  The current meter was mounted  In  a  jig which allowed the meter to be
Inserted In  series  between the tower and the climber's  hands.   The  jig also
Included a  150 mA fuse In series to protect the meter.  The total Impedance of
the jig, fuse, and meter  Is  equivalent  to 15.0 ohms resistance  1n series with
about  0.5 microhenry  Inductance.  After returning from the field the  meter
zero  was  about  15  mA negative.   However,  at higher  currents,  the error  was
Insignificant  due   to  the  nonlinear   meter  scale.    Measured  values  were
corrected to compensate for this error.   See Appendix A for calibration data.
PROCEDURES AND RESULTS

Community Measurements Near the AM Radio Towers

     Among the objectives  of the Spokane project was a study of ambient fields
In the  vicinity  of several  AM radio antennas.   Near Spokane's  southern  city
limits,  there  are eight AM  stations  In an area about 1.5  miles  square.   This
collection of AM stations  provided a good  laboratory for  determining  typical
electric fields  near  the towers.  Figure 2  Is  a map of this area, Identifying
the  community  measurement locations  with  numbers and  the  AM  radio broadcast
stations (some of which Included more than one tower) with letters.

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Narrowband Measurements

     To obtain  the narrowband  AM  data, the  FOISD was placed on  a fiberglass
mast five feet  above  the roof of the  measurement  vehicle.  Measurements  were
made at each  of 19 locations.  These data are  presented  In Table 2.  The  site
numbers 1n Table 2 correspond to those plotted In Figure 2.  The  second  column
In  Table  2,  "FOISD File" Is  the name  given  the narrowband data  stored  1n the
computer for  each  measurement.   The  third  column  lists  the  AM  band  electric
field  found  at  the  site  using  the  FOISD  antenna  system.   The  detailed
frequency-specific data for each site are contained 1n Appendix C.

     A  check  to evaluate  the spectrum  analyzer system-was  conducted at  the
Mull an  Road  School parking  lot.   This  check  Involved  two measurements  using
the  FOISD  antenna system.   For  one  of  the  measurements  the  signal   was
processed with  the spectrum  analyzer.   For the second measurement the  signal
was  Input  to the  Potomac field strength  meter.  For  one orientation of  the
antenna, the  spectrum analyzer  reported a power of  -7.75  dBm for the dominant
frequency at  the  Site  (file ZOGB07).   For  the same  antenna orientation  and
frequency, the  Potomac reported 93 mV or -7.63 dBm for a difference of 0.12 dB.

     In  order  to  resolve  questions  about  how the vehicle  orientation  might
affect the electric field measurements, data were collected at Site 1  with the
vehicle facing  each  of the four major compass directions, but with the antenna
positioned at the  same location (within  Inches)  for each  measurement.   These
four  data  files are  listed  In  Table  2, showing  a maximum  deviation of less
than 0.6 dB between the lowest and highest value.

     The data collected above the vehicle are also Influenced  by  the height of
the  measurement and  the  presence  of the large  conductive vehicle.  To obtain
an  Indication of  the Importance of  this  effect, measurements  were made  at
another  location In  the  Mull an Road  School  parking lot.  using  the broadband
IFI  EFS-1  (SN  1059).   Above the vehicle,  at  the approximate  height of the
FOISD,  the  IFI  reported  a  12 V/m vertical  field  and no  horizontal field.  In
the  same area,  but  at  shoulder-height,  the  IFI  reported  about  a  9.2  V/m
vertical field.  This shows that the values collected with the FOISD

                                       8

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 positioned  above  the  measurement  vehicle  probably  overestimate  the  ground
 level field Intensities.  Because these Intensities are far  below any standard
 for AM-rad1o  frequencies  In the U.S., the more accurate but also far more time
 consuming  process of  obtaining  shoulder-height  FOISD measurements  was  not
 pursued.   Instead,  shoulder-height  measurements were made with  the  IFI  meters
 at several locations.

 Broadband Measurements

      The  IFI  meters  were used  to make  rapid  measurements  along the  streets
 that  surround  the  KGA  towers.   Two  sets  of  data  were  collected  and  are
 presented In Table 2.   The first set was taken  during daylight hours, when  the
 KGA pattern  Is  omnidirectional.  The  second  set  of  data was collected  after
 KGA shifted to Its night-time,  directional  pattern.  The data collected  before
 and after KGA shifted  to  a  directional  pattern  Indicate that KGA's directional
 pattern  Increases Us  westward  gain and protects areas  to the east.   The data
 for Sites 2  and  3  support  the hypothesis  that  values measured  above  the
 vehicle  roof are generally higher than those measured  In  the same area but at
 shoulder height  and with the vehicle  removed.
 Residential Measurements

     In  an  effort to obtain an  Indication  of the  relationship  between  Indoor
 and  outdoor  fields,  both electric and magnetic field measurements were made at
 a  home  near Mount Vernon and 61st  Street,  the  closest residence  to  the KGA
 daytime  tower.   None of  the values  obtained exceeded either  the  ANSI  or NCRP
 guides  for  safe  exposure  (see  References  5   and   6).    Vertical  E-fleld
 measurements were  made  with an IFI  EFS-1 
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     Inside  the  home,  measurements made  away from  obvious metallic  objects
ranged from  about 1  to 9 V/m  but were generally  below 5  V/m.   As with  the
outside  measurements,  higher  perturbed field  values  could be found  Inside.
Near a living  room chandelier fields up to  55  V/m  were measured, 28 V/m  near
TV  cables,  and  46 V/m  near  the  kitchen  stove.   The  values  found Inside  a
grounded metal  workshop  1n  the  yard   were  around  1  V/m.   These  Indoor  and
outdoor data suggest  that the electric field Is attenuated  somewhat by normal
residential construction,  but  as  one would  expect,  grounded metal  structures
are far better shields against electric fields.

  .   Magnetic fields were also measured Inside and  outside the  residence.   For
these measurements the  Eaton loop antenna was  connected  to the Potomac  meter
through  a  50  ohm load.   The  Potomac was  calibrated  at  the  KGA 1510  kHz
broadcast frequency for absolute voltage prior to these  measurements.   The  KGA
signal dominates  the  AM band 1n this area (see file ZOGBTw for  site 14),  so at
this  home,  only  the  1510 kHz fields  were  determined  with  this  narrowband
magnetic field system.   The  loop  antenna was oriented  for  a maximum value and
the reading on the Potomac recorded.   This voltage  was multiplied  by the  loop
antenna factor to obtain the magnetic field value.

     Magnetic field values at four locations outside the  house  ranged  from 30
to 40 mA/m.   Inside  the  house,  the value  found  In  the  center  of  the living
room was 31  mA/m,  and 1n  the  kitchen  was  49 mA/m.   These limited data suggest
that  AM-radlo  magnetic  fields are  not attenuated   significantly  by  typical
residential construction.

AM Measurements at the Mull an Road School

     The Mull an  Road School  property  Is just across 63rd Street  from  the KGA
antenna  (Figure  2).   Approximately  one year  after  the school  was built,  a
metal roof was  Installed and connected to ground with several ground straps In
order to limit the electric  fields Inside the  classrooms.   These  actions  were
prompted by  complaints  of electric shocks or RF burns  In the school.  The EPA
and FCC were aware before  coming  to Spokane that there  was  still  some  concern
about  the   fields  at  the  Mull an  Road   Elementary   School.    So,   several
measurements were made both Inside and outside the school.
                                       10

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     First, electric field  measurements  were made  at  several  locations  along
the north  side of  63rd  Street, across  from the Mullan Road  School  property.
These data are  listed  In Table 3.  The  data were  collected with an  IFI  EFS-1
electric field  strength  meter  (SN 1059).  All these values  were measured at a
height of about four feet.

     Since the  IFI  measures only one  polarization  of the  field at  any  given
time, three  measurements would  be  necessary for a complete  evaluation  of the
E-f1eld at any point.  It was  assumed  that at these distances  from the  active
KGA tower,  the dominant  field orientation  would  be  vertical.   To show this.
all three orthogonal components  were  measured near the KGA  east tower.   There
was no  measured field  tangent to the tower. 10 V/m radial  to the tower,  and 37
V/m vertical.   The  total  field of 38  V/m  Is not significantly  different from
the vertical  component, as expected.

     One  additional  measurement  was   made  at  the  gazebo  near  the  northeast
corner of  the  old half of  the Mullan  Road  School  building.  There  a vertical
electric field of about 15 V/m was found.

     Inside  the  Mullan   Road  Elementary  School,  both  electric and  magnetic
field measurements were made.  The magnetic field measurements  were taken with
the  Eaton loop  antenna   connected  to the  Potomac  meter via  a 50  ohm  "feed-
through"  resistor.   The  loop  antenna  factor  was  taken  from  manufacturer-
supplied data.

     A comparison between E and H field values was made at a location In front
of the school near 63rd Street.  At this point the 1510 kHz  H  field was found
to be  39.7 mA/m.  At the  same point  the electric field, as  measured with the
IFI meter,  was  13.9 V/m.  The  ratio  of E/H  was  350  ohms,  which  Is  within
measurement error of the 377 ohms Impedance of free space Indicating far-field
conditions.

     Inside the  school,  measurements  were  made  In  9  rooms.  The  electric and
magnetic  field data collected In the  school  are  presented  1n Table 4.  The
first room Investigated was E120, which 1s the room closest to the KGA active

                                       11

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tower (see Figure  3).   An Initial east/west  transverse of  the  room with  the
IFI  survey  Instrument  showed  a  nearly constant  3.2  V/m vertical  electric
field.  A  survey from  the  north side  of the room  (the window  side)  to  the
south side of  the  room (the Interior side) showed the vertical  electric field
falling from about  9.2  V/m  to about  2.8  V/m, but  with changes  of  this
magnitude occurring  over  a  distance  as  small as 2 feet.   The  electric field
was also found to  be  dependent on proximity to the fluorescent  celling lights
but not affected by  whether those lights were turned on or off.   Table 4 shows
that the highest electric fields were  found  In   rooms  E120. E118A. and  E101.
None of these values exceeds the current ANSI  RF  radiation protection guide.

     Generally the magnetic  fields  were less  than 50  mA/m.   The exceptions to
this rule occurred near ground wires and conduit electrical panels, or metal
fixtures  that  could  carry  an  RF  current.   These  currents create  localized
elevated  magnetic  fields,  however,   none  of  the magnetic fields  listed  In
Table 4 even approaches the 1600 mA/m ANSI guide.
Induced Currents at the Mull an Road School

     After the  Mullan  Road School  was  constructed,  complaints about  RF burns
and  shocks  In the school  led  to the  Installation of a metal  roof.   This roof
covers the single-story  east wing  of the Mullan  Road  School  and  Is  connected
to driven ground  rods  at eight points around Its perimeter.  The grounded roof
was Intended  to lower  the electric fields and thereby  the  RF-related problems
Inside the school.

     EPA  measured the  current at each  of  the  ground connections  using  the
Potomac and current probe.  The results are presented In Figure  3.   The ground
current Is a  maximum at the northeast corner of the school, the corner closest
to the KGA-AM tower, and  Is  typically  four  times greater on the  north side of
the building  facing  the  tower than on  the other side  of the building.  If all
the currents  are  assumed  to be In phase  they  sum to a total of  1.67 amp.   At
the  northeast  corner,  the  localized  magnetic  field close  to  the  ground
conductor was measured  using the   Eaton  loop antenna.   The  value was  1.0  A/m
(1000 mA/m).

                                       12

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     Two  simple  models can  be  used to  estimate  the current to ground  due  to
the electric and  magnetic  fields  In this situation.  The  unperturbed  electric
field Is  assumed  to be 15 V/m as  measured at the  gazebo and the magnetic field
Is set at 0.04  A/m (E/H « 377 ohms).   If the roof and  ground  are modeled  as
two shorted parallel  plates  1n  the electric field, the  current  between them Is
                                                                       -12
given by I=2irfEAEA  where  f  Is   the  frequency 1n Hz,  en -  8.854x10     and
                       2                                             2
A  Is  the  area  In  m .   The  roof  area  Is  approximately  1480  m   so  the
estimated current due  to  the electric field  Is 1.8  A.   To model the  magnetic
field Interaction,  the  roof,  ground wires,  and ground  are  viewed  as  forming a
shorted  rectangular loop  3  m  high  and  18  m  across with  the  loop  plane
perpendicular to  the  magnetic field.   A shorted  circular  loop  having  the same
area will  have  a current  due to  the  magnetic field of approximately  90  mA,
I.e.. only  5  percent of the  current  1s  due to the magnetic field.  One would
expect this  current to be even  less  because of  the  limited conductivity  of
ground.   So, the primary coupling Is probably with the electric  field.
Body Current on an AM Tower

     An  objective  of  this  study  was  to  obtain   Information  useful   for
predicting  Induced  body  currents  which  might  be  experienced  by  workers
climbing active AM  radio towers.  EPA sought a  simple AM  tower configuration
for this experiment.   KKPL,  an AM station  In the Spokane area broadcasts from
a  1/4  wavelength guy-supported  single tower having  a height  of  119  meter*;.
KKPL offered  unlimited  access  to  Its AM  tower  and transmitter  and provided
assistance to EPA during the study.   KKPL  normally  operates  at 1 kW  power at
630 kHz.

     The RF  current meter/test  J1g  as described In  the  equipment section was
used to measured  RF current through the  hands of the climber at  7  heights on
the tower  while  the  station operated at normal  power.  The  climber held the
metal   jig  contacts  with both  bare hands,  leaned  away  from  the  tower,  and
adjusted the  J1g to  give a stable  maximum reading,  Indicating good contact.
The climber wore work boots during the measurements.   The results  are given 1n
Table 5 and have been corrected for meter zero error.  At the 98 m height,  the

                                       13

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current  Increased  from 75  to 84 mA  when one arm  was extended  away  from the
tower.   No change  was observed  1n  meter  response  when  the  modulation  was
turned off.  No  Induced  current was observed near the tower base even when the
climber  was  barefoot.   This  Indicates  that  the  magnetic  field which  1s  a
maximum  at  the  tower base  did  not  contribute  significantly to  the  body
current.

     The body  current Increased  nearly linearly with  height (see Figure  4).
The only near-field component  which  behaves similarly Is  the  radial  electric
field.   The vertical  electric field 1s relatively  small except near  the  ends
of. the  tower  and the magnetic  field  1s a maximum near the  base and  decreases
with  height.    Modeling  the  tower  as  a  thin  monopole   allows   an  exact
theoretical solution for  the near fields, but predicts radial  electric fields
which decrease near the  top of the tower, resulting  1n a  poor  fit.   A linear
combination of radial  and vertical  electric field  also failed  to fit the body
current  data when  using  the thin monopole solution.   This solution  assumes  a
sinusoidal  antenna  current  distribution which Is only a good approximation "If
the monopole  element  1s sufficiently  thin  electrically   and   not  too  long"
(Reference  2   Helner  et.  al.  p.  20).   The ratio  of  tower  radius  (r)  to
wavelength Q> must be less than about 0.0001 for a 1/4 wavelength  monopole to
use  this  approach.   At  630  kHz,  the  ratio  rA Is  0.00044,  too large  for  a
sinusoidal  current  distribution to  apply.   However,  an   alternative  approach
using numerical methods can be used to solve for the current.

     The  triangular cross-section  KKPL  tower  can be modeled  as a  circular
cylinder by using a same-perimeter rule-of-thumb, 3L-2irr where  L Is  the length
of a  tower cross-section side and r  1s the  equivalent radius.  Since L equals
17.25 Inches, r equals 0.209 meter.

     A  numerical  electromagnetic  code  (NEC)  operating on  a  personal  computer
was  used  to   solve for  the  current  distribution  and  calculate the radial
electric field  at  a  distance  of  0.5  meter  from the  modeled  tower surface
(0.709  meter  from  the  axis).  The  base  drive current was  set  at  4.47 A RMS.
Figure 4 displays a schematic tower, the  calculated radial  electric  field, and
the measured body current.  All values are RMS.  Figure 5 Is a plot of the

                                       14

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measured body current  as  a function of calculated radial  electric field at the
7 measurement heights; a linear fit assuming zero body current  for  zero radial
electric field was  generated,  having a slope of  0.23  mA/V/m and a correlation
coefficient  of  0.98.   In  this  situation  the  radial   electric  field  Is
decreasing rapidly  with  distance from the tower  and  1s  not uniform across the
body.  So, the slope 1n Figure 5 depends on the choice of  distance  between the
tower and climber.

     Given  similar  tower  cross  sections  these  results  should  be  useful  In
predicting body  currents on  other towers.   The  current  per  radial  electric
field should  Increase with frequency, however, further measurements  should be
made to confirm these results and extend the model.

Measured Electric Fields near an AM Tower Surface

     The  Idealized  model  used  above will not  accurately predict  fields  very
close to  the  real  KKPL tower surface.  Detailed modeling of all the structural
components of the triangular  tower would be required  to  obtain accurate field
estimates  very  close to  the  tower.   The  difference between  the  model  and
reality  Is  demonstrated by  comparing the measured  electric  fields  with the
NEC-calculated fields  for  the cylindrical model, as presented In Table 6.  The
electric field measurements were made using an IFI EFS-1 (SN  1059).   For the 2
meter-height  measurement,  the  Instrument  was held by an  operator  standing on
the ground.   At  6 meters above  the  ground,  the operator held on to  the  tower
and  leaned  away from the  Instrument.   The  base  current  In  the  tower was
reduced  to  1.06  A  from  the  normal  4.47   A   during   these  measurements.
Consequently, the measured  fields have been multiplied by  a scaling  factor of
4.23.  The distance from the tower Is the radial  distance from the  tower outer
surface  for  measurements  and  Is  the  distance  from  the modeled  circular
cylindrical surface for  the calculations.  Only  the radial  electric  field was
measured or calculated.

     Table 6  shows  that the real  fields  close  to the tower are very different
from the Idealized fields  calculated using  NEC.   Despite  this  fact,   1f the
cross sectional geometry of the  tower does not change significantly with

                                       15

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height, the relationship  shown  1n Figure 5 can be used to predict Induced body
current In tower  climbers.   However,  It should be  emphasized  that for  towers
having  different   electric   heights   the  radial  electric  field   will   not
necessarily Increase with  height;  In  fact radial electric  fields can reach  a
maximum value at  the  tower base.  This  Is  because  the modeled field  variation
with height should  be  similar to the real  field  variation with height  at  any
fixed  horizontal  coordinate.   At higher  locations on  the tower, the  radial
electrical field would  be greater that at  the  tower  base and  would  certainly
exceed the ANSI guideline of 632 V/m at points close to the tower.

     It should  be  noted  that measurements  at the 2 meter  height above  ground
were made near the  lower tapered  section  of the tower only  .3  meter  above  the
Insulator.  Thus, the  criteria  of small changes 1n cross sectional geometry .Is
not met for comparisons of measurements at 2 and 6 meters.
Body Current due to AM Magnetic Fields

     Body currents  Induced  by magnetic fields are also of Interest.  A special
concern arises when the  body can  complete  a  large  loop.   At  low frequencies
Faraday's  Law  may  be  used  to  calculate  the  voltage  across  the  body's
Impedance.  The measured  Impedance  across  the hands or feet  at AM frequencies
Is approximately  500 ohms  (mainly resistive).   From  this Impedance  (Z),  the
loop area (S), and  the magnetic  field \H),  the current (I)  can be determined.
Assuming a uniform  sinusoidal magnetic field and the loop oriented for maximum
current,  the  formula  1s:   I«S2irfunH/Z.   For  a  frequency  (f)  of  630 kHz.  Z
                                       7
magnitude  of  500  ohms  and  un4irxlO    henry/m,  the expression  reduces  to
I(mA)-9.95-S(ra2)-H(A/m).

     On  the  ground near the KKPL  tower,  measurements   were  made  using  an
Individual standing near the tower to test  this formula.   The magnetic  field
was measured  using  the Eaton loop antenna;  the  result was 0.032 A/m.  In  the
first measurement of body current, an approximately hexagonal  loop was formed
by the  arms,  upper  torso, and an  aluminum rod.  The  current  through  the  rod
was measured using  the Eaton  current probe and Potomac meter.  Hhen the

                                       16

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Individual  rotated,  the  response  nulled  as would  be expected  for  magnetic
                                                          2
field detection.  The  area  of this loop was about 0.35 m  (hexagon 0.37 m  on
a  side).   So,  the  calculated current  1s  0.11  mA.   The  measured  current  was
0.090 mA.   A  second measurement Involved  using two  Individuals  and  two  rods
forming an  octagonal  loop,  and  gave  similar results.  Here, the  Impedance  Is
                                                2
Increased to  1000 ohms  and the area  Is  1.29  m  ,  the calculated current  Is
0.205  mA.  and  the  measured  current  was  0.150  mA.   The differences between
calculated  and  measured  currents  are  consistent  with the approximations  used
for area and Impedance.

     While  this situation  Is  contrived,  conductive   loops that  Include humans
do exist  1n the environment.   For  example,  a child using  a  swlngset completes
a  loop  formed  with  the support bar and the  chains  of the swing.   The area of
this loop could be  several  square meters Increasing  the  Induced  current,  but
the  apparatus  would probably be far  enough  from  an  AM tower that the fields,
and therefore the Induced currents, would be small.

     At the location  near  KKPL  where the magnetic  fields were  measured,  the
electric  field  measured with  an  IFI  EFS-1  (SN 1060) was 1.9 V/m.   Thus,  the
wave Impedance  (E/H) was  59 ohms.   This relatively low wave  Impedance (strong
magnetic  field  relative to electric  field)  close to  the  tower  contributed to
the successful measurement of body currents due to magnetic fields.

Body Current due to AM Electric Fields

     The  body  current  due to  uniform  vertical  electric  fields  has  been
examined  previously  (Reference 3  and 4).   However,  the  following measurement
technique employs a  current  probe   Instead  of  a   shunt resistor  or  direct
reading current meter.  A  30.5  cm square horizontal  aluminum  plate supported
14 cm  above ground  was connected directly to  a 50 cm ground rod  driven  Into
the  earth beneath the  plate.   The Eaton  current probe was  clamped around the
ground rod.   The probe output voltage was measured with the Potomac meter.

     This technique was  used to measure  body  current near  the KKPL  AM tower
for  a  number  of body configurations with and  without shoes.   The body current
through the feet of an adult standing barefoot on the plate with a vertical

                                       17

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field of 1.9 V/m at 630 kHz Is expected to be about 0.4 mA  (Reference  4).   The
results of  measurements nears  KKPL are presented  In Table 7,  and  agree  with
this value.  The current 1s reduced by  a  factor of two when wearing boots and
1s relatively  Insensitive  to  whether  one or two  feet are on the ground plate,
but can be  affected by body configuration.  So,  the  body currents  which  were
measured may be similar to those experienced during normal activity.

Mt. Spokane

     On  Mt.   Spokane,   a   Forest  Service  fire  lookout   tower   Is   located
approximately 100 feet from the transmitting antennas for KXLY-FM  and  TV.   The
State  of   Washington  and  the  KXLY  management  were concerned  that  a  newly
Installed  main FM antenna might cause higher power densities In  the  cab  of the
fire  tower than  the auxiliary  antenna would.   For  this reason, KXLY-FM was
broadcasting  from  Its  auxiliary antenna  as  the study  began.    However,  the
measurements  documented here  demonstrate  that the highest  fields  In  the cab
occur  when KXLY  1s  operating  from  Its  auxiliary  FM  and not  the  main  FM
antenna.

     On  the  fire  tower  catwalk  facing  the  antennas  a  test  was  made  to
determine  the  maximum  contribution  to  the  field  from  the  KXLY-TV  main
antenna.  A Holaday Model  HI-3001,  (SN 26038)  was  used.   The  survey probe was
moved to find  a maximum reading with only the  TV transmitter  operating.  That
                                          2
reading Increased  from 28 to  850 uW/cm  when  the  FM  auxiliary  antenna was
activated  Indicating that  the  field  due  to  the  FM auxiliary  antenna was
dominant.

     Hlth the  main TV and auxiliary  FM antennas operating, the  typical reading
                                2                                  2
on  the catwalk  was  710 uW/cm  with  a  maximum of 1100  yW/cm   using  the
Holaday.   The maximum  seen on  the catwalk  using a  Narda  8662  electric  field
                                    2
probe  (SN  01008)  was  1100  uH/cm  .  1n  good  agreement  with  the  Holaday
measurement.   Although  the  Narda  8631  magnetic  field   probe  (SN  17136) was
apparently sensitive  to static  charge, grounding the operator  stabilized the
                                                                        2
meter  allowing successful  measurement  of a typical  value of  360 uW/cm  and a
maximum of 1400 yH/cm  on the catwalk.

                                       18

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     With the main FM antenna operating,  the  maximum value on the  catwalk was
340  yH/cm2,  well  below the  value found  when  the  auxiliary  FM  antenna was
operating.

     Thirty-six measurements were made  on  a six by  six  horizontal  grid Inside
the  fire  tower  cab when the FM auxiliary  antenna  was  operating and again when
the  FM main  antenna  was operating.   At each horizontal  location,  the vertical
column  between  the  floor and  celling  was  probed  for  a  maximum  reading.
Table 8 shows the  results  for a view  looking  down on  the cab.   The  perimeter
values were  measured just  Inside  the  walls  or windows.  The  Holaday HI-3001
(SN  26038) was  used to measure the electric  field.   Auxiliary  antenna values
are  shown In parenthesis.

     The  data  In  Table  8  show the  exposure due  to the  auxiliary antenna Is
greater than that due to the main  FM  antenna.   While all of  the values due to
                                                         2
the  main  antenna are below the ANSI  guide of 1000  uW/cm  , some do exceed the
National   Council   on    Radiation    Protection   and   Measurements   
recommendation  of  200  yW/cm ,  (Reference  6)  and  two of  the  EPA guidance
options (Reference 7).

Survey of Areas Near the Transmitter Building

     Radlofrequency fields  were  surveyed on  the roof of  and around  the KXLY
transmitter  building  with  auxiliary  or main FM or TV  antennas operating.  The
auxiliary antennas are  closer  to  the roof and  generate  higher  field strengths
on the roof than the main antennas.

     With  the  main  TV and  auxiliary  FM  antenna  operating,  the  following
results were obtained.  On  the  wooden  platform  near  the  ground  the  maximum
value  seen  using the Holaday HI-3001  (SN 26038) was  990  yH/cm2.   On the roof
beneath the  auxiliary FM antenna,  the  maximum  value observed was  2700 yW/cm2
with typical values In the range of 990 to 2100 yH/cm  .

     With  the  auxiliary  TV  and  main  FM antenna operating, measurements  of
electric and magnetic fields were made  beneath the auxiliary TV antenna on the

                                        19

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roof.   The  average  power transmitted  by  the  TV video  signal  varies  with
programming, so generally  a  spatial  maximum was found and  a range of readings
In time reported.   Using  the Narda 8631 magnetic  field  probe (SN  17136),  the
maximum value  was  4000  uW/cm .   The 8631  1s a  thermocouple based  probe  and
will  give  accurate  RMS  magnetic  field  readings.    The   Holaday  HI-3002,
(SN 33182) with STE-02 electric  field probe and Narda 8662 (SN 01008) electric
                                                           2
field probe  found maximum values  from  3900  to  6100 uW/cm   and from  4500  to
           2
6000  uW/cm ,  respectively.    These  data  suggest  that  the  local  electric
fields exceed the local  magnetic fields  at this location.

     Finally, a survey was made on  the ground  with  both the  FM and  TV  main
antennas  operating  In  normal  mode.   For this  survey,  the Holaday  HI-3001
(SN 26038) meter  was used.   The  maximum  value  observed  beneath the  antenna
tower was  740 uW/cm ; generally the range was  280 to 570 uW/cm .

     The  fields  on top  of   the  transmitter   building  can  exceed  ANSI  while
either  auxiliary  antenna  Is  used.   Although   the  roof  area  Is  posted for  RF
hazards It remains accessible.
Krell Hill

     At Krell  Hill  the TV and FM transmitting antennas are located high enough
on  their  towers that  ground level  power densities  are  low and  are  not  of
concern.  The  maximum value  measured was 8.5  uW/cm  below  the  channel 6 KHQ
                                                       2
tower; the  values  were generally less  than  4.3 yW/cm .   The maximum  seen  1n
                                                                      2
the  area between   Channel  28  and  Channel  7  towers was  4.3 uH/cm .   These
measurements were made using the Holaday HI-3001 meter (SN 26038).

Mica Peak
     Four high power  FM broadcast transmitters are located on  Mica Peak.  The
transmitting  antennas  are  close  to the  ground  and  radiate  power  downward.
This results  In  ground level power  densities  which  are twice  the  ANSI guide.
Mica Peak 1s a remote area, however  It Is not fenced.
                                       20

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     Figure 6 shows the relative location of  the  FM antennas on Mica  Peak  and
the approximate locations  and  values  of the peak  magnetic fields measured.   At
FM frequencies the  peak  magnetic  field Is typically found  near  the ground  or
1/2 wavelength (about  1.5  m)  above ground.   These measurements were made using
a Narda 8631 (SN 17136) probe.

     The maximum calculated ground  level  power density for each  FM station on
M1ca Peak  Is shown  In parenthesis on  Figure 6.   For the  Mica  Peak stations,
this maximum occurs on the ground at 3  to 6  m from the tower  base.   The value
Is  predicted using  an  EPA  model  which  Incorporates  theoretical  methods  and
empirical  Information about   FM  antenna  patterns,  ground  reflection,  etc.
(Reference  8).   The  model Is  designed to  avoid underpredlctlng  the highest
ground-level power  density one would  find near  an antenna,  so  1t  tends  to
predict  power  density  values  that are higher than  those one  would  measure.
Based  on the  model  results,  the  contribution  to the  peak  measured  value
between  KKPL and  KPBX  (2000  yW/cm2)  may  be greater from  KKPL  than from KPBX
even though the point 1s closer to KPBX.

Measurement Issues

RF Potential Sensitivity

     The responses  of  several  Instruments were  compared on  the grass  at  the
northeast area of  the Mull an  Road School property  close  to the KGA-AM antenna
(1510 kHz).  Using  the FOISD  antenna  and spectrum analyzer the  total  electric
field was found to be 24.8 V/m at  an  arbitrarily chosen location and a height
of  approximately  5  feet.   Using  the  Eaton   loop  antenna with  the  spectrum
analyzer or with  the Potomac,  the magnetic field at  the same  location  was
found  to be  90 mA/m.   Table  9  presents  the values  obtained  with  several
broadband  Instruments.   The probe  of  these  Instruments  was always  placed at
the same position as the FOISD.

     The IFI data  compare  well with  the  value obtained  using the  FOISD;  the
greatest difference between the IFI value and the FOISD value Is 1.4 dB.  Much
                                       21

-------
of  this  difference  Is  probably  due  to  short  term drift  In  the  absolute
calibration  of  the  IFI EFS-1  (SN  1060).   The  Holaday  and  Narda  systems
reported electric  fields that  vary  widely from  the reference value  obtained
with the FOISD.   In the worst case the  difference  was  over 21  dB, 1n the best
comparison  the  difference was  over  7  dB.   These  comparisons  Illustrate  the
large errors  that  can result from RF potential sensitivity of some measurement
systems at low (AM band) frequencies.

Non-Sinusoidal Response

     During  the study the  performance  of  broadband survey  meters  was  also
checked at  one  location for the higher FM-band frequencies.  The Intent was to
evaluate the  multiple-frequency response  of  broadband  meters  at  a  location
where  the   field  strengths  from more than one FM  station  were  approximately
equal.  Figure 6 shows  the  relative  locations  of the four  FM  antennas on Mica
Peak  and  the location of the  comparison  point.   FOISD file  ZOGCN6 reports a
                           2
power density of 856 yW/cm  at that  location.   Three of the four  stations on
the  mountain  account   for  over  99%  of  this  value,   and those  three  are
comparable  1n magnitude.  For the  comparison,  each  broadband  probe  tested was
placed at  the same location as the  FOISD  and  read from a distance of at least
3 m  In  order to avoid  perturbation  of the field by the  experimenter.   These
data  are  presented  In  Figure  6.   All  three  of  the broadband meters  In the
comparison are based on  diode detectors which may be subject to non-sinusoidal
response problems  as  discussed  In  the equipment  section.  A multiple-frequency
field Is one  type of non-sinusoidal field that  may  cause diode-based broadband
meters to  report higher field values than  actually exist.   This effect Is the
most  likely explanation  for the  response  of  the  Holaday  and IFI  equipment
which reported  values  that  were 1.5 and 1.1 dB  high respectively.   The value
measured with the  Narda 8662 Probe (SN  01008) Is  In good agreement  with the
FOISD measurement.   This Is probably because  the Narda  diodes  are operated 1n
their  square  law  region.   However,  the Narda's  sensitivity to  static charge
made this measurement  difficult.
                                       22

-------
Field Perturbation by Operator

     The value that an observer reports can depend not only on the  response  of
the meter,  but also  on  the  Interaction of the observer  with the field.   To
check the magnitude  of this  Interaction  with magnetic fields,  a  Narda  probe
(8631 SN  17136)  was  placed  at an  arbitrarily  chosen,  fixed position  about
0.4 m above  the KXLY  transmitter  building  roof  and  below  the  auxiliary  FM
broadcast antenna.   A reference measurement  value was taken with  no  one near
the probe.   Then  an  Investigator stood and squatted  .6 to .9 m to the  north,
south,  east, and  west of  the  probe  while  reaching toward  the  probe  as  1f
making  a  measurement.   Magnetic field  values  were  read  for each  of  these
configurations  by a  person  who remained  stationary  at least  6  m away.   The
same approach  was  used for evaluating the  effect  of  the  observer  on  measured
electric  field values.   In  this  case,  however,  the  Holaday electric  field
probe (HI-3001, SN 26038)  was placed about 1  m above the  roof at a  location
that was  chosen because  the electric field there was elevated.  The results of
these measurements are presented 1n Table 10.

     Table 10  shows  that the electric field  was  not  strongly affected  by the
observer, with  the maximum deviation from  reference  value  being  about 0.5 dB.
The  magnetic field  values,  however,  were affected  by  the  location of  the
observer by  as much as 1 to 2 dB.

     A  part  of  this exercise  was  repeated  with  the  observer  holding  the
Holaday meter  and  probe  as he stood at  8  major compass points around a fixed
location.  The  sensitive  volume  of the probe was positioned at the same point,
atop an  Inverted  plastic bucket,  for  each measurement.   The results  of this
exercise  are presented  In Table  11.   The difference  between the lowest and
highest electric  field values  Is  less  than  1  dB.   Hence  the operator  does
Interact  with  the electric field  In a normal field  survey,  but  the  magnitude
of the effect Is not great.

     At Mica Peak,  a narrowband (FOISD)  test of  the  field perturbation  by a
person In a  measurement stance was made (see files ZOGCLU and ZOGCLf).   The
                                       23

-------
results showed that  the  magnitude of the electric fields  due  to each of  four
FM  stations  decreased  by 0.4 dB  or  less  due  to the presence of  the  observer.
This result  1s similar to that found using the broadband  Instruments  (Tables
10 and 11).

     The  Information  presented   here  suggests that  the  perturbation  of  the
field by the observer was more significant for the magnetic field than for the
electric field.  The generality  of this result Is unknown,  but Indicates  that
attention should  be paid  to observer Interaction  with the  field  when critical
measurements such as Instrument comparison measurements are made.

Field Enhancement by Conductive Objects

     A troublesome question for  those who conduct RF compliance studies  1s the
effect of  conductive objects  on  the ambient field.  Metal  objects  can  perturb
an  electric  field,  concentrating  that  field In very  localized  areas.   To
Illustrate  this  effect,  an  area of  fairly  uniform  10  V/m  electric  field
strength was found near the  base of the  fire tower on Mount  Spokane.   Then a
1.46  m electrical  conduit  pipe   was  held  horizontally  1n that  field  by one
Investigator  while another person measured the  electric  fields near the rod
using  a  Holaday  HI-3001.   At one  end of  the  rod  62 V/m  was measured;  at the
other  end  over 80 V/m was  found.  Had  that rod  been  a  permanent fixture, the
nearby stations would  have  been  faced with the question of how to  handle  very
localized  areas  that  exceed the  ANSI guide.  This question Is the subject of a
petition recently  brought before the FCC by  a communications  consulting firm.
(Reference 9).
                                       24

-------
CONCLUSIONS

1.   KGA-AM Is among the stations  In  the  United States that have  been  granted
     a license by  the  FCC  to operate at  the  maximum allowable power of 50 kW.
     Despite the high  power  at which KGA operates,  the  electric  fields  along
     63rd Street,  only  100  to 200 feet away,  are well  below the ANSI guideline
     of  632  V/m.   Electric  field  values  throughout  the  southern Spokane  AM
     antenna  cluster  are  rarely over  5% of the  ANSI  guideline.   This  holds
     true for  measurements  made  Inside the Mull an  Road  School  and Inside  a
     residence near the  KGA  antennas.   Similarly,  the magnetic fields measured
     1n the school  and  residence were almost always  less  than 51 of the  ANSI
     guideline of  1581  mA/m.   EPA found no electric or magnetic field values,
     even 1n  localized areas,  that  exceeded the  ANSI  guideline  at AM  radio
     frequencies 1n publicly accessible areas.   However,  levels  far  below the
     ANSI guide can cause annoying RF shocks/burns and can  Interfere  with the
     operation of electronic equipment.

     The  metal  roof  at  the  Mull an  Road  School   Is  grounded  to lower  the
     electric  field  Inside.   The  highest current flowing through one  of the
     ground  straps  1s  0.8   ampere.   As  long  as  the  ground  strap  remains
     continuous, this  current  poses  no  danger.   However,  should  the  ground
     straps weather and break,  a serious risk  of  being  burned would exist for
     anyone who would contact It.

2.   Body currents of over 100 mA were measured In an AM tower climber.  These
     currents  have  been related to calculated  radial electric fields  near the
     surface of that tower with a correlation coefficient of 0.98  (Figure 5).
     Further  studies  should  be  conducted  to  extend  the  relationship  to
     situations beyond a simple quarter-wave guyed tower.

3.   Body currents of  0.4 mA were measured using  a  current-probe technique In
     a  person standing  In  a 2  V/m,   630  kHz vertical  electric  field.   The
     current  Is  reduced  by  about a  factor  of  2  when   one   puts  on  boots.
     Although  magnetic fields  can  Induce  currents  1n  conductive  loops  that
     Include body  parts (such  as  a person  swinging on a park swing).  It Is
     unlikely  that strong  enough  AM  magnetic fields will   be  found  In  the
     environment to Induce significant currents.
                                       25

-------
4.   Measurements In the  fire  lookout tower on Mount Spokane found no location
                                                                          2
     where the  power density  exceeds the  ANSI guideline  of  1000 uW/cm   at
     VHP  frequencies when  KXLY-FM  was   broadcasting  from  Its main  antenna.
     Nhen the auxiliary  antenna  was  used,  however,  localized  power  densities
     over the ANSI  guide were  found  In the  cab,  so  use of the main antenna 1s
     recommended.  The KXLY-FM and  KXLY-TV  auxiliary  antennas can each  cause
     power densities  on   the roof of the transmitter building  that exceed  the
     ANSI guideline.  The roof area  1s posted for  RF  hazards.  When  KXLY FM
     and TV operate  from the  main antennas, the maximum power density found on
                                                       2
     the ground beneath the  antenna tower was 740 uW/cm .

                                             2
5. '  Power densities  as   high  as  2000 uW/cm   were  found  on  Mica Peak,  the
     site of  four FM broadcast  antennas.   Although  this Is a  remote  area, It
     Is not fenced.

6.   Krell Hill  1s  the   site  of  several  television  and FM  radio  antennas.
     Because those antennas are  mounted  on high towers, the ground level  power
     densities are low and not of concern.
7.   Broadband  RF measuring  equipment  should  be  used  cautiously  to  avoid
     problems of  RF potential  sensitivity and  nonslnusoldal  response.   Field
     perturbation by the  Instrument operator can be significant.   Local  field
     perturbation by  conductive objects  was demonstrated and  remains  an open
     Issue.
                                       26

-------
                                  REFERENCES


1.  Manttply,  Edwin  D.,  An  Automated  TEM  Cell  Calibration  System.   EPA
    520/1-84-024, U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency,  Las  Vegas,  Nevada,
    1984, 112 pp.

2.  Welner, M. M.,  S.  P. Cruze, C.  L1,  and  W.  J.  Wilson.  Monopole Elements
    on  Circular   Ground  Planes.   Artech  House,   Inc.,  Norwood,  MA  02062.
    306 pp.

3.  Guy, A.  N.   Letter to the Environmental  Protection  Agency  concerning the
    Federal  Radiation  Protection  Guidance.  November  20,  1986,  Docket  No.
    A-81-43-IV-D-61,  University  of Washington,  Seattle,  Washington  98195.
    42 pp.

4.  Gandhi, 0. P., I. ChatterJee, D. Wu, and Y.  Gu.  Likelihood  of  High Rates
    of  Energy Deposition In  the  Human  Legs at the ANSI  Recommended 3-30 MHz
    RF Safety  Levels.  Proceedings  of  the  IEEE,  Vol.   73,  No.  6.  June 1985,
    pp. 1145-1147.

5.  ANSI C95.1-1982.   Safety Levels with Respect to Human  Exposure to Radio
    Frequency  Electromagnetic Fields. 300 kHz to  100  GHz,  American National
    Standards  Institute.   Available  from  the  Institute  of  Electrical  and
    Electronics Engineers. Inc.. New York. NY 10017.

6.  Biological    Effects   and    Exposure    Criteria    for    Radlofrequency
    Electromagnetic  Fields.  National   Council  on  Radiation  Protection  and
    Measurements, Report No. 86, Bethesda, MD  1986.

7.  Federal   Radiation  Protection  Guidance;   Proposed   Alternatives   for
    Controlling   Public  Exposure   to   Radlofrequency   Radiation.  Notice  of
    Proposed   Recommendations;   Environmental   Protection  Agency;   Federal
    Register, Vol. 51,  No. 146,  Wednesday, July 30, 1986; p. 27318.

8.  Galley,  P.,   and  R.  Tell.   An Engineering  Assessment  of   the  Potential
    Impact of Federal  Radiation  Protection Guidance on  the AM.  FM,  and  TV
    Broadcast  Services.    EPA  520/6-85-011,   U.S.  Environmental  Protection
    Agency, Las Vegas.  NV, 1985. PB 85-245868.

9.  Public  Notice,  Federal  Communications  Commission,  Petition  for  Rule
    Making, Radlofrequency Radiation Compliance,  RM-6081, September 10, 1987.
                                      27

-------
        II    II
                                                                       FOISD
                                                      FIBER OPTIC
                                                      CflBLE
        HP 9B45C
        COMPUTER
  HP
 98035R
  RERL
  TIME
 CLOCK
     U    D
HP 98B34*,
IEEE-486
INTERFRCE
                       FOISD RECEIVER|
 HP 9885M
 FLEXIBLE DISK  DRIVE
                                      HP 8566R
                                      SPECTRUM RNRLYZER
                                     C
                                     0
                                     R
                                     X
 ROTRTOR
    NITH
STEPPING
   MOTOR
                                                       MRXHELL SMC-202R
                                                       STEPPING MOTOR CONTROLLER
Figure 1. Automated Measurement System

-------
1


V
V
15
V

o>
-jl
5
Pittsburgh

44th
46th
49th
Crestline


6
V
X
iL
B

1
Location Station Frequency
A KISN 690 kHz
(Off map) KKPL 630 kHz
B KJRB 790 kHz
C KXLY 920 kHz
D KZZU 970 kHz
E KEYF 1050kHz
(Off map) KRSS 1230kHz
F KUDY 1280kHz
G KMBI 1330kHz
H KG A 1510kHz

15-

15
e

A

9
50th A
'C
53rd
8 55th
57th

-------
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1
— L—
63 mA
757 mA
    Figure 3.  Mullan Road School, East.Wing Ground Currents

-------
  120
  110.
  100.
   9O
   80
   70.
4
•*4
V
   60.
   60.
   40.
   30.
   80.
   10.
    OJ
                                   Theoretical
                           Radial Electric Field (V/m)
                               SO cm from Tower
                                     i        i

                   60   100   160   200   260   3OO  360   400  460  600
                    i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i
             D   1O   80  30   4O   60  60   70  BO   OO 1OO  11O 12O
                                    Measured
                               Body Current (mA)
                                    Q        O
 Figure 4.  Tower Climb and Numerical Electromagnetic Cede Modeling Results

-------
110.




100.




 90.




 80.
^  70
*j
a
 .,   60

O
 e
oa
•o
 2
 «*

i
 50.
 40.
    30.
    20.
    10.
                50
                    100
                                     AM Tower Climb  Results
                                                                                       o
                                                                              o
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
                                             Theoretical

                                      Radial Electric Field (V/m)

                                          50  cm From Tower
        Figure 5.  Tower Climber Body Current vs. Radial Electric Field

-------
           KMBI
        A 107. 9 MHZ
             2BBB/iW/CM
                                      SBBB/iW/CM2   AKPBX
                                                      91.1 MHZ
                                       INSTRUMENT
                                      ttCOMPRRISON
                                       LOCRTZON
                                                   1300/UWXCM2

                                                 AKDRK
                                                   93.7 MHZ   _
IB FT                                               (6500/iW/CM2)
 A TOWER LOCRTION RND FM CflLL SIGN
   FREQUENCY
   (CRLCULRTED MRXIMUM GROUND uEVEL POWER DENSITY)


  • MERSURED POWER DENSITY
             INSTRUMENT                 POWER DENSITY

             FOISD                               656

             NRRDR 6662 PROBE(SN 01006)          820

             HOLRDRY 3001(SN 26036)             1200
             IFI EFS-KSN  1059)                 1100
  Figure 6. Mica Peak Towers and Results

-------
             Table 1.  Spectrum Analyzer Setting for ZOOM Measurements.
       Center Frequency 1s Station Frequency. Scale always 1  dB per division
                             Sweep Time always 20 msec
  Band
FM
TV .Video
AM
        Resolution
Span     Bandwidth

 1 MHz    100 kHz
TV Audio    500 MHz    100 kHz
            1 MHz
            1 kHz
  Video
Bandwidth

 300 kHz
 300 kHz



   3 MHz


   1 Hz
     Measurement Method

Maximum Hold for 2 sec
Read Marker at Center
Frequency

Maximum Hold for 2 sec
Read Marker at Center
Frequency

Single Scan, Peak Search
Read Marker at Peak

Maximum Hold for 2 sec
Peak Search
Read Marker at Peak

-------
TABLE 2.  Community Measurement Data Near Spokane AM Radio Towers
Site #
(See Flcmre 2)
1



2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
FOISD
File Description
ZOGBRn Mullan Road School
Parking Lot
ZOGBRv
ZOGBR2
ZOGBR6
ZOGBSF 63rd and Cook
ZOGBSK 62and and Stone
ZOGBSP Crestline near Lee
(In front of KEY)
ZOGBSV 5517 Perry
ZOGBSc 46th and Pittsburgh
ZOGBSk 50th and Stone
ZOGBSs 2116 55th
ZOGBSz On 44th near Regal
ZOGBTA Palouse and Ferrall
ZOGBTV Ferris High School
Parking Lot
ZOGBTZ 35th and Rebecca
ZOGBTp 63rd Directly South
of KGA East Tower
ZOGBTw 61st at End of
Mt. Vernon
On Cook, aligned with
KGA Towers
62and and Cook
61st and Stone
63rd and Regal
Just North of 63rd
Electric Field
KGA Omnidirectional
FOISD EFS-K1059)
above shoulder
vehicle height
10.3
10.8
11.0
10.6
6.70 5.5
7.51 6.5
7.47
4.57
1.67
4.68
4.09
2.70
5.42
2.28
1.05
43.7
13.9
6.0
6.5
6.5
17.

(V/m)
KGA
Directional
EFS-K1059)
shoulder
helaht
IIC 1 Mil L



HT
13.











13.
13.
12.
3.2
2.3

-------
      TABLE 3.  Electric Field Values Along the North Side of 63rd Street
                 Across from the Mullan Road Elementary School
   Electric Field* V/m                         Location 1s Opposite:
           9.2                  Nest end of school  property
          14.                   A point about 40 feet west of main school door
          17.                   Where old and new portions of school  join
          23.                   Center of old school building
          28.                   KGA west tower
          37.                   Eastern edge of old school building
          37.                   KGA east tower
           9.2                  Radial to KGA east tower
           0.                   Tangent to KGH east tower
          30.                   East end of school  property
'Unless stated  otherwise, all  values  refer  to  the vertical  component of the
electric field.

-------
         TABLE 4.  Electric and Magnetic Fields  Inside the  Mullan Road
                               Elementary School*
Room

E101
E103



E1Q5

E109



E109A

E117
El ISA
E120
           Location

Outside on Playground
Everywhere In Room
Center of Room
East End of Room

Typical Value In Room
Center of Room
Near Ground Wire/Light Switch
Electric Field
     (V/m)

   12.
  <9.2
  0.92 to 2.3
Near Electrical Panel
Along Conduit

Typical Value In Room

Throughout Room
Few Feet From Window
Center of Room
Near Sink where Person would stand
Near Ground Hire at Door

Center of Room
Point of Highest E

East End of Room
Nest End of Room
Center of Room 6 Feet High
End of Counter Near Ground Hire
Near Electric Socket on
  Window Hall at Floor
Exterior Door, Top
Exterior Door, Center
Along Window
Atop a Table
Center of Room 6-1/2 feet high
8 Inches above Fluorescent Light
            Inches above Fluorescents, on
            Window Side of Room
                                    <0.92
  2.8

  2.8 to 3.7
  17.
  23.
Hall where Old and New Buildings Join
  5.5 to 6.9
  28.
  92.
  140.-190.
                                    .92
Magnetic Field
   (mA/m)
                                                                     22.
                                                                     31.
                         30.
                         58.

                         31.
                         72.
                        150.
     38.
     43.
     87.
    250.

     29.
                         22.
                         35.
                         31.
                        470.
                         72.

                        140.
                        120
                         22., 27.
                          7.2
*See Figure 3 for locations of rooms.

-------
   TABLE 5.   Measured  Body Current on KKPL Tower
    Height
   (meters)
       17
       34
       51
       68
       98
      112.5
      118
Current
  (mA)
    15
    30
    40
    58
    75
   104
   110
Table 6. Measured and Modeled Radial  Electric Fields
Distance from Tower
(cm)
2.5
5.1
15.2
30.5
45.7
61.0
91.4
2.5
15.2
30.5
Height
(meters)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
Measured Field
(V/m)
1170
1170
645
390
254
214
117
390
215
106
Mode lei
(V/r
124
130
134
115
93
77
54
85
90
76

-------
     Table 7. Ground Level  Body Current near  KKPL

Current               Body Configuration
 (mA)
 0.42        standing, 2 bare feet on plate,  arms down
 0.56        standing, 2 bare feet on plate,  arms up
 0.56        standing, 2 bare feet on plate,  arms out
 0.59        standing, 2 bare feet on plate,  arms up at 45 degrees
 0.40        standing, 2 stocking feet on plate, arms down
 0.40        standing, 1 stocking foot on plate, arms down
 0.22        standing. 2 booted feet on plate, arms down
 0.16        standing, 1 booted foot on plate, arms down
 0.28        push-up, 2 bare hands on plate,  boots on feet
 0.28        push-up, 1 bare hand on plate, boots on feet
 0.09        squat. 2 booted feet on plate, arms at sides

-------
    Table 8.  Maximum Power Densities In the  Mt.  Spokane  Fire  Tower.
Values 1n parentheses are with the KXLY-FM auxiliary  antenna operating.
       Other values are with the main KXLY-FM antenna operating.
                             Units (yW/cm2)

                                 North

      160        430        140        280         51          28
     (510)      (340)      (230)      (430)      (240)      (400)
      140        160        170         71          28          91
     (340)      (71)      (71)      (200)       (220)        (110)
       430       220        140         48         45         430
     (1300)     (340)      (140)      (255)       (170)        (650)
      280         28         43        160         16         430
     (430)      (370)      (280)      (140)      (  77)        (230)
      140         85        110         48         48          430
     (120)      (280)      (180)      (120)      ( 57)       (1600)
      170        110        210        100        140          77
     (110)      (650)      (850)      (770)      (110)       ( 71)

                                 South

-------
             Table 9.  Measurements Made for Instrument Evaluation.
           Electric Field as Determined with Several  Instruments  at  a
                  Single Location Near the Mull an Road School
              Instrument                                   V/m
FOISD                                                      24.8
IFI (SN 1060)                                              29
IFI (SN 1059)                                              25
Holaday (SN 26038 - no calibration at AM
        frequencies)
  Operator Kneeling                                        95*
  Operator Standing                                        60*
Narda 8616 (SN 20049)
           with 8662 E probe (SN 01008)
  Operator Kneeling                                       290*
  Operator Standing                                       160*
•These readings were excessively high because of RF  potential  sensitivity (see
text for discussion).

-------
          Table 10.  Operator Perturbation of Field Values with Probe
               Remaining Stationary on Top of Dielectric Support.


                           Magnetic Field                    Electric Field
                                 A/m                              V/m

Observer Standing
  to the N                       .098                              95
         S                       .126                              96
         E                       .132                             100
         N                       .115                              96
Reference Value                  .121                              96

Observe Squatting
  to the N                       .104                             95
         S                       .147                             99
         E                       .132                             96
         M                       .121                             92
Reference Value                  .121                             97
          Table 11. Operator Perturbation of Field Values Under Normal
           Field Conditions - I.e. Operator Holding Probe and Meter.
              Probe Placed at Same Location for Each Measurement.
                                                     Electric Field
                                                           V/m

Observer Standing to the S                                 88
                         SW                                88
                         H                                 87
                         NH                                83
                         N                                 82
                         NE                                80
                         E                                 86
                         SE                                86
                         S                                 85

-------
         APPENDIX A
Instrument Calibration Data

-------
  1.10
          IFI MODEL EFS-1  SN  1059E CALIBRATION DATA WITH  SPLINE FIT


                                    July  15,  1987
W

H
2

E
1.08




1.06.




1.04.




1.02




1.00.




0.98.




0.96




0.94










0.90




0.88




0.86




0.84
   0.82
                                                         Scale Switch

                                                        Down      Up
     I
     o
                     fi


                     §
                                                 T
                                                 N
                                                             I
                                                              N
                                      N

                                      i
8

-------
        IFI MODEL EFS-1  SN 1060E CALIBRATION DATA WITH SPLINE
                                 July  15, 1987
FIT
1.31.
                                        Long Element


                                      Medium Element


                                       Short Element

-------
                                        03/20/87   1:01 PM
U
ffl
        Holaday HI-3001  SN 26038  E  Green  SN  086GR
   -I  -
   -2
                                       8,15
               -0.0lO.Bia.810.010-830. B10.es
            -0.15 '
        -a.-12
                        (I   I)
                   _^       -0.43
-0.590.SS0.5§0.390.590'S    "0>5G   -
                               e.0i
                                  -B.19Q.I30.13
                                            -0.28
                                                -D.4Q
        -B. 75
0.33
   -0.760.76(3. 75

             -0.92
                -1.09
                 50     96     136    1?B     816    256
                            Frequency (MHz)
                                              E9B

-------
                                  os/se/en   3:0?
     Holiday HI-3002  SN 33182, STE-02  Red SN 426HF
t.
O
L.
L.
LJ

m
e -
   -i

                    11
                           0.80
                                    6.73
                                                  0.5-1
          10   23   30   40   SB   60   ?Q   80   30   100

                       Frequency  CMHz i

-------
                                       09/17/87   ii19 PM
L.
o
L.
n
•o
            Narda  8616 SN 24262 H  B631  SN  17136  «
   -I
          (0
         -  - ^™ £
                                           ID

                                           El
                         •  . W
d  • in J-
                                 r>
    • ^^ BD ^™* MI*
    9  • 6 yj v
                                   i> i
           ^^ •
            . PI JL -L
           (D B N [N. J.
             • (Q ^9 ^^
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              i  i B IJ — m «
                                                            a
                                                           B
                                          »
                                           i
                             i  ' «Q fi
        20   30    80    110   140   170   200   £90  260

                          Frequency  (MHz)

-------
                                    03/2B/8B  A-. A? PM
       Narda 8616 SN 20049,  E Probe  6662 SIM  01 BOS
t.
O
LJ
CQ
•o
    0 -
   -I
                                                  !£ n • rn —
                                            «
                                       B o
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                         0
                                                    ,,

                          a
              ^: i
        l>k
         •
        D
        I
        10
40   70  100  130  1B0  190  220   230   260   313
             Frequency (MHz)

-------
                Manufacturer's Calibration Data Reproduced here
                           but not used 1n the Report
     Narda Microwave Corporation

     Model Number 8631

     H Field Equivalent Power Density
                        Calibration Date:   10/86

                        Serial  Number 17136
     (Multiply by Indicated Correction Factor to Obtain Actual  mW/cm2)
          Frequency          Correct          Frequency          Correct
            (MHz)            Factor             (MHz)             Factor
            10.00
            13.56
            27.12
            40.68
            50.00
            75.00
               1.227
               1.026
               0.911
               0.934
               0.953
               1.020
                100.00
                150.00
                200.00
                250.00
                300.00
                   1.054
                   1.091
                   1.098
                   1.085
                   0.972
     Narda Microwave Corporation

     Model Number 8662                 Serial  Number 01008

     E Field Equivalent Power Density

     (Multiply by Indicated Correction Factor to Obtain Actual  mW/cm2)
          Frequency          Correct          Frequency          Correct
            (MHz)            Factor             (MHz)            Factor
             0.
             0,
             1,
             3,
30
50
00
00
            13.56
.663
.539
.401
.235
.171
 27.12
 40.68
100.00
200.00
300.00
1.1??*
1.0??*
0.8??*
0.872
0.891
*? Indicates calibration marking on probe unreadable.

-------
    49
    50
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-------
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S'ES 92200-3 LOOP ANTENNA
L NO. 459
r/.«co, CHART 4 - CORRECTION FACTORS , REMOTE  LOOP ANTENNA
 Eaton Loop Antenna

-------
CALIBRATING ENGINEER
DATE
CURRENT PROM  »1SSO-1
Sf RIAL NO.:   *  *"
                                               J  .4  .1 »   I   l         >

                                                      FREQUENCY IN MEGAHERTZ
                                                                                                10         20    30  «0  tO   n>   100

-------
                           CURRENT METER CALIBRATION*

                                                  Current Meter
               Actual  Current                         Reading
                    mA                                mA
                    0                                 -15
                    15                                   0
                    29.8                                 15
                    40.2                                 36
                    57.9                                 55
                    77.0                                 75
                   101.4                               100
                   119.4                               120
'Meter zero Is shifted negative.

-------
     APPENDIX B
Program ZOOM Listing

-------
It)
2U
3d
40
•ill
6(1
'/(I
BO
VO
1(1 (J
no
IL'll
130
140
ISO
16U
IV (I
180
190
200
210
220
24(1
240
250
260
270
2 til)
290
300
310
3i'0
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
ZUOM — OV/15/06 — 07/10/86 e&t -- CSC jt

finds power deri'.jtieb u'iing selected
of Frt s-idiiori-j, IV stations,, and Ad •,
set up for FULSD mt>asurE»nE*n ts

kequir et>
sc=7,ifl HPBS6f>A Spectrun Analyzer
s<--"/,?3 Max ut J L SMC-£OLJA Steppii.g
Slo-Syn Stepping Rotater

f requeue j Pb
to 1 ion<->




Motor ConiroJ li"r

Daid._m-iUb* Defineb MASS SIURAC.L DEVICE for DAI A

OPTION BASF 1
Dd \a MSU!»*-" h "
PK1N1LK JS 16
i
DEI' FNPower (SHORI X) = 10" (X/10 >
i







DIM MdescirUOJ,Lans_fn«(50)l4],Cdlls_tv«(50)[4),Cdlls_an»rbO)(4J
i
' FM _f TV Video _v TV Audio _a
i
SHORT Freqz f(50),Afact f(50),Table f(3,
SHORT rr«-i|z_w<50),Arar.t_w<'iO) ,7able_v<3,
SHORT Freq/~a<50) ,Afact a(50), Table a(3,
SHORT FreqzIs
-------
620   '
6.4(1   '  SPOKANF UASH1NGTIJN
640  DATA 0
6SO '  DATA KREM,KXLY,KHG ,KSPS,KAYU
660 '  DATA 55 24,67 24,83 24,175 26,55s f'4
670 '  DATA 59 74,71 74,87 74,179 76,559 74
680
6V0     AM DATA  Nunber of frequencies (kHz), Calls, Freqs
700                To ignore AM, the first DATA must bf 0
                   and the calls & frequencies connented out

        LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
720
7 A u
740  i  DATA 10
7bl)  i  DATA KDUN,KXXX,KORK,KNUU,KMJJ,KEZD,KXXX,KRAM,KUEG,KEND
760  '  DAIA 720,870,920,970,1140,1230,1280,1340,1410,1460
7VII   i  SPOKANF, WASHINGTON
'/bU  DAIA 10
7VO  DATA KI_SN,KPPL,KJkB,KXLY,KZ£U,KEYF,KRSS,KUDY,KMBI,KGA
800  DATA 590,630,790,920,970,1050,1230,1280,1330,1510
BIO   i
BL-Mi   DAIA 20   i  FOISD Full Scale           war  Fss
830   DATA 0     '  Starting reference level (dBn)  var  Rl
840   i
8bO   '   READ IN DATA
860   >
8VO   RFAD NFnf
8BO   IF Nfnf=0 1HEN Kedd nrvf
890   hAT READ Calls_f n* (Nf nf ) ,Freqz_f (Nf nf )
900   REDIM Afact f 
960 Read_nanf    '
970   READ Nanf
980   IF Nanf=0 THEN Fstirl
990   MAT READ Calls an*(Nanf ) ,Frerjz s(Nanf)
1000  REDIM AfacT_s(Nanf),Table_s(3,Nanf >
1010 Fssrl    i
1020  READ Fss,Rl
1030  *
1040  i   END READING IN DATA
1050  >
111 60  P*(1) = MX"
1070  P*(2)-"Y"
10BO  P«(3)="Z"
1090  TYPEWRITER ON
1100  EDIT "Enter Measurenent Descr ipt ion" ,Mdesc*
1110  TrPEWRITER OFF
1120  GOSUB Foisd
1130  '
1131  OUTPUT 723, "X=0 A=200 S=1SO C=0"
1140  FOR 1=1 TO 3
1150  i
1160  i  FM station Measurements
1170  '
1180    IF Nfnf=0 THEN Dotv
1190    OUTPUT 718, "RC8 SP1MZ RB100KZ HD HI"     !  Initial State - FM
1200    FOR J=l TO Nfnf

-------
IL'IU      i   Set MARKER to CENTER FREQUENCY
1220      '   Find approximate power in 10 dB/DIV
1LJ3U      OUTPUT 718, "Al CF",Freqz fr
1270      i   Set REFERENCE LEVEL bo MKR is 5 dP below RFF
1280      '   Change SCALE dB/DIV to 1 dB, Set MAX HDI I)
1L'90      OUTPUT 718,"RL",INT+5,"DM LGlDb HD A) A? "
1300      UAH ?OOU     i  2 second MAX HOLD
1310      OUTPlll 718, "03 MA"
1320      ENIEk 718, Table? f < J",J )
1330      PKIN1 USINL; Shown, "FM  -> " ,P*eqz f ( J ) , INKMdrker )-»5,Tdt.le f\ J , J )
1340    NEXT J
13SO Dotu      i
1360    i
1370    ' TV wjdeo neasurenents
1380    '
13VO    IF Ntwf=U THEN Doan
1400    OUTPUT 718, "RCB SPOMZ HD HI"     i Initial State - IV video
1410    FOR  J=l TO Ntuf
1420      '   Find approxinate power in 10 dH/DIV
1430      OUTPUT 718, "Al CF",Freqz v(J),"MZ RL",R1,"DM LGlODb Ai rt2"
1440      OUTPUT 718, "£1"
1450      OUTPUT 718, "03 MA"
1460      ENTER 718, Marker
14'XO      '   Set REFLKENCE LEVEL so MKR is 5 OH below REF
1480      '   Change SCALE dB/DIV to i OB, Set MAX HOLD
1490      OUIPUT 718,"RL",INT ,Freqz v (J> , TNT(Harker )t-5, Table v(I,J)
1540    NEXT J
Ib&O    '  TV audio neasurenents
1570    *
1SBO    OUTPUT 718, "RCB SP500KZ RB100KZ HD Bl"     '  Initial State - IV audio
1590    FOR J-l TO Ntwf
1600      i   Set MARKER to CENTER FREQUENCY
1610      *   Find approxinate power in 10 dB/DIV
1620      OUTPUT 718, "Al CF",Freqz a(J),"MZ M2 RL",R1,UDM LG10DB Al A2"
1630      WAIT 300      '   3 second MAX HOLD
1640      OUTPUT 718, "03 MA"
1650      ENTER 718, Marker
1660      i   Set REFERENCE LEVEL so MKR is 5 dP below REF
1670      '   Change SCALE dB/DIV to 1 dP, Set MAX HOLD
1680      OUTPUT 718)>>KI.",INT(Marker)+5,"DM LG1DB HD Al A2 "
1690      UAIT 2000     i   2 second MAX HOLD
1700      OUTPUT 718, "03 MA"
1710      ENTER 718, Table a(I,J)
1720      PRINT USING Shown, "TV Aud " ,P$ ( I ) ,Freqz a(J) , INT(Marker )+5, Table aU,J>
1730    NEXT J
1740 Doan      '
1750    *
1760    *  AM station neasurenents
1770    '
1VBO    IF Nanf=0 THEN Position
1V90    OUTPUT 718, "RCB SPOHZ RB1KZ HD Bl"   ' Initial State - AM
1800    FOR J=l TO Nanf

-------
1010      '   find approxinate power in 10 dB/DJV
1820      OUTPUT yiU,"Ai Cf",Freqz_s(J),"KZ Rf^l/'DM LGiODb VhlOHZ Al "
1H30      UAH 300
1840      OUTPUT 718,"A?"
1850      WAIT 300
1860      OUTPUT 718, "ETt"
1H70      OUTPUT 718f."03 MA"
1880      ENTER 71fJ,Marker
1B90      '   Set REFERENCF LEVEL so MKR is S dfl below RFF
1900      '   Chdnge SCALE dB/DIV TO 1 dB, Set HAX HOLD
1910      OUTPUT 718,"KL1',INT(Markpr)+2,"DM LG1DB VB1HZ HI) A1 AIJ "
1920      WAIT ?OOI)
1V30      OUTPUT 718,"El"
1940      OUTPUT 7lB,"03 Mfl"
19*>0      ENTER 71B,Tablt?_s(I,J>
196(1      PRINT USING Showk,"AM  ->",P*(I),Freqz s(J),INTlMarker)+5,Tablt)_s(J,J )
1970    NEXT J
1980    '
1990 Position      '  Rotates probe 120,-240,1?0 degrees
2000    IF 1=1 THEN OUTPUT 723,"D=-667"
2010    IF 1=2 THEN OUTPUT 723,"D=667"
2011    IF 1=3 THEN OUTPUT 723,"D=0"
2020    DISP "ROTATING
2100    WAIT 10000
2110    DISP
2120  NEXT I
2130 Shown    IMAGE 6A,"  Axis  ",A,"  Freq  ",4D DD," (MHz)  Ref Lev   ",I)DD  DD,
11 "
2140 Showk    IMAGE 6A,"  Axis  ",A,"  Freq  ",4D DD," (kHz)  Kef Leu   ",1)1)0  1)1),
" (d*n)  Power  ",DDD DD," (dbn)"
21SO  !
2160  ' initialize and print table header
2170  i
21 HO  Simpd=0
21VO  Su«pd_f=Bnnpd_v=SuMpd_a=0
2200  SunpO 5=0
2210  PRINTER IS 0
2220  PRINT USING Idl.Mdesc*
2230  PRINT USING Id2,Fss,Date*,Tine*
2240  '
2250  I FM data
2260  '
2270  IF Nfnf=0 THEN Video
2260  PRINT USING Fntitle
2290  PRINT USING Coll
2300  PRINT  USING t'olL3
2310  PRINT USING Col3n
2320  FOR 1=1 TO Nfnf
2330    Total MU=FNPower(Table f(1,I))+FNPower(Table f(2,I))+FNPower(Table f(3,l
»
2340    Total dbn=10*LGT
2360    Pd=(10A(Ff/20)/lE6>"2/3.77
2370    Sunpd f=Sunpd f+Pd
2380    PRINT~USING Ffn,Calls_fn*(I),Freqz_f(I),Table_f(1,I),Table_f(2,I),IrtMe_
f(3,I>,Total dbn,Afact f
-------
2430   '
2440 Video      '
24SII   IF Ntvf=U THEN An st.it
2460   PRINT USING VidtiTle
2470   PRINT USJNG Vid_dt,1
24UO   PRINT USING Coll
2490   PRIN1 USING CoI2
2SOO   PRINT USING Col3n
2510   FOR 1^1  TO Ntvf
2520    loTal_nu=FNPower(Table_«(i>I))+FNPower(Table_w<2lI))+FNPower(Tdb]e_v(.J,l
))
i'530    Total_dbn-10*Lr>T< Iotal_nw>
2i»40    ' video"  only - subtract 4 dH for RhS electric field
2550    Ef=TotaJ dbn+107+Afact v(I>-4
2560    Pd-(10*_« (1,1) ,Tahlfc>_« (2,1) , l.a,] «_
v<3,l>,Total dbn,ftfdct_w ,Freqz_a (I) ,Table_a (1,1) ,Tab Je_a (2,1) ,1 ah Je_
a(3,I),Total_dbn,Afact_apd_a
2810   PRINT USING~Line
2U20   PRINT USING TtwfM,Sur»pd,Squared*,Squared$,Sunpd*3 77
2830   i
2040   ! Art datd
2850   i
2860 An stat•   '
2870   IF Nanf=0 THEN File_&dve
2880   PRINT USING Antitle
2890   PRINT USING Coll
2700   PRINT USING Col2
2910   PRINT USING Col3k
2V20   FOR 1=1 TO Nanf
PV30    Total nw=FNPower (Table s( 1,1 »+FNPower (Table_s<2,I »+FNPower (Tab) e_t.(3,1
))
2940    Total dbn=10*LGT(Total nw)
2950    Ef=lotal_dDn+107*Afact s
2V6U    Pd=<10"(Ef/20)/lE6)"2/3 77
2970    Sunpd_s=Sunpd_s+Pd

-------
2980    PRINT USING Fan.Crf I ls_an» ,Freqz_s ,Tablf>_s< 1,1 > ,Table_s(2, i >, I ,.i-It
s<3,] >,Total_dlir,,Afdc t_s(l >,Ef,h'ri
2VVII  NFXI I
311UO  PRINT USJNR To ta I ,R   (dBn>   (riXn)    (dbn)       Dl;
DDD
3160  Ftv  IMAGF 1X,4A,3X,4D DD^X^CDDZ DI),1X),4D  DI),3X,DDD  DD,5X,DIM> I)I),1X^,1) [>
DDUD
3170  Fan  IMAGF 1X,4A,6X,4D,4X ,3< DDZ  DD,iX),4D DD,3X,DDD  DD,5X,DDD  DD^IX^H Dnbl>
D
3180  Total  IMAKE 71X,"	"//3BX,"Total  Power  Density             ",tn lUibD
D//3BX, "Total F.Jertric Field (V/n)    ",5D DDDBI)
3190  Nute4  JMAGF /7X,"»  4 db subtracted fron peak  electric  field  to obtdii, KML>
 electric field"
3200  Line   IflAGF 71X,"	"
3210  Ttwfn  IMAGE 71X,"	11//32X,"TW  & FM Power  Density                ",5
D DDDDD//32X,"TV t> FM Electric Field  (V",A, "/«" , A, ")        n,5D DDDUD
3220  *
3230  * SAVE DATA TO FILE
3240  '
3250  File save    '
3260  PRINTER IS 16
3270  Yorn«="Y"
3280  INPUT "Do You Wish To Save The  Data?   YES or  Nnu,Yorn*
3290  IF Yorn*O"Y" THEN No_save
3300  CALL Flip nane(Date*,Tine*,"ZO",File*>
3310  ASSIGN *1 TO Filet&Data  nsus*,Ret_code
3320  IF Ret_code<)i THEN File*=Flie*[ij51&"i"
3330  ASSIGN *1 TO *
3340  CREATE File>$4Datd_n-;us*,25
3350  ASSIGN *1 TO FlletiData_M&us*
3360  PRINT *llMdesc»,Datc*,TineCalls_f«*(*>,Freqz_f<*),Afact_f(»),Table f(»>,Sun
pd_f
3390  PRINT *i,Ntwf
3400  IF NtvfOO THEN PRINT *1 ,Cal ls_t v* (*> ,Freqz_v <* > , Af ac t_v< * > ,Table_w < * >, Sun
pd v
3410  IF NtvfOO THEN PRINT *l,Freqz  a(*),Afact a<*>,Table  a(*),Sunpd a
3420  PRINT »i,Nanf
3430  IF NanfOO THEN PRINT «i ,Calls_an*<*> ,Freqz_s<*),Afact_s(*) ,Table_s(*> ,Sun
pd_s

-------
.4440  HRIN1ER IS 0
34bO  PRIN1 "l-jle Nane  ",FiJe«.
3460 No save     '
3470  PR1N1ER IX 16
34BO  DISP "PRllGkAM UlirtPl.FlE "
34VO  END
3510 Foisd   '
3520  Atten ex = ()
3530  IF Fss = l THEN Atlen_ex=-39
3S4U  JF Fss=2 THEN Atten ex=-33
3550  IF Fss=5 THEN AT ten e*=-?.1., 6
3S60  Sp»="D"
3b70  IF Fi,s=i AND (Sp*="D11) THEN Atten_ex=-20 I'b
3SVO  IF (Fss=iO> AND (Sp»="U") THEN Atten ex=-19 6
3600  IF Fss=20 THEN Atten_ex=-13 95
3610  IF Fss=5U THEN Atten ex=-6 OS
3620  '
3630  IF (Atten exOO) OR (Kss = lUO> THEN 3670
3640  DISP "INVALID SCALE SETTING   RETRY"
36SO  SI OP
3660  IF Nf«f=0 THEN Anttv
3670  FOR Index=l TO NfnF
3680    F=Freqz f(Index)
3690    IF F<320" THEN Afflct_f( Index )=50 4
3VOO    IF F>=320 THEN Afact f(Index)=55 23- 0?7636*F+3 7033E-5*F*F
3710    Afact_f(Index)=Afaci_f(Index)+Atten_ex
3720  NEXT lndt>x
3730 Anttv    '
3740  IF Ntuf=0 THEN Antdn
3750  FOR Index=l TO Ntvf
3760    F=Freq? v(Index)
3770    IF F<32lT THEN Afact v(Index)=50 4
3780    IF F>=3?0 THEN AfacT_w(Index)=SS 23- 027636*F+3 7033E-S*F*F
3790    Afact_v(Index>-Afact_v(Index>+Atten_ex
3800    F=Freq7 a(Index)
3810    IF F<3?0~ THEN Afact a(lndex)=50 4
3Q20    IK F>=320 THEN AfacT_a(Index)=55 23- 027636*F+3 7033E-5*F*F
3830    Afact d(Index)=Afact_a(lndex)+Atten_ex
3U40  NEXT Index
3850 Antan    '
3H60  IF Nanf=U THEN Goback
3870  FDR lndex=l TO Ndnf
3880    F=Freqz s(Index)/l000     ! AH in kHr
3890    IF F<320 THEN Afact s(Index)=50 A
3900    IF F>=3?0 THEN AfacT_s( Index)=55.23- 027636*F+3 7033E-5*F*F
3910    Afact_s(Index)=Afact_s(Index)+Atten_ex
3920  NF.XT Index
3930 Goback.    '
3V40  RETURN
3950  *
3V60  SUB Get_date tine(Year*,Date$,Tihe*)
3970    DIM Date_tTne*[14],Aorp*[lJ
3V80    INTEGER Hour
3990    OUTPUT 9,"Request tine"

-------
4000    bNTER V,Date tine$
4(110    Ih (I)ate_tiniB»l 1 J2] = "88") OR  (FRRN=lfc3>  THEN  Clock  err
4U20    Ddie*-I)die_Tine*[l,2]4"/"4Date_Tifie*t4,2U"/"4Yedr(l.
4(130    Hour=Vftl (Ddte_t ine*[7,21 )
4040    Aorpl-"A"
4050    IF Hour>ll THEN  Aorp»="P"
4060    IT (Hour > 11.') .OR   THEN Hour=ABS
4080    IF H?ur  "iAorpil 1 ] i"H "
4100    SLJbEXIT
4110 Clock_err       '
4i:jO    INPUT 'Tlock Malfunction, Enter Ddte  MM/DD/YY" .Date*
4130    INPUT "Enter Tine  HH MM xfl",TiMe*
4140  SUBEND
4150  i
4160  SUB File nane26 THEN Day*=CHR*(70*Day)

4230    IF  AND  
4280    IF hinute>25 THFN  Minute*=CHR*(71+Minute>
4290    IF Minute>51 THEN  Minute*=CHR*
-------
         APPENDIX C
Detailed Narrowband Results

-------
File Narie  ZOGB07



Site 1 repent



FOISI) Full Scale Setting  LJ0st



FOISD Full Scale Setting  ?OU'/n)
07/02/87
5-39 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px Py
(dbn) (dBn)
-37
-63
-33
-32
-47
-28
-66
-44
-37
-8
.41 -34
.35 -61
12 -30
.85 -30
59 -45
58 -24
.72 -63
.54 -43
.23 -36
.40 -7
76
97
09
25
32
.53
80
.01
21
.56
Pr
(dBn)
-36
-62
-31
-32
-47
-26
-66
-45
-37
-8
.81
.54
.92
56
.54
.85
.03
.04
31
.32
lotal
Power
(dBn)
-31.40
-57.81
-26.76
-26.95
-41.91
-21 56
-60.56
-39.34
-32.12
-3.31
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36 45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
112
85
116
116
101
121
82
104
111
140

(V/M)
.05
.64
.69
.50
.54
89
89
.11
.33
.14

:
Pow(?r
Den S3 ( y
(uU/cn"2>
04L"il
00010
J 2.^05
11R43
0(M7fl
40950
oonni;
006U4
.n:v.06
27 4P378
28 16491
10 30445

-------
File Nane  ZOGBRu




Site i Vehicle Facing North



FOISD Full Scale Setting  20(V/n>
07/02/87
5 47 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KFYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBT
KGA
Frequenc y
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1200
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-38
-63
-33
-34
-49
-29
-68
-46
-38
-9
68
92
.99
.3ft
05
44
.06
12
46
.30
F'y
(dBn)
-34 65
-60 95
-30 41
-30 07
-44 72
-25 79
-63 85
-41.78
-34.73
-6 02
Pr
(d
-35
-62
-30
-31
-45
-25
-64
-43
-36
-8
Bn)
.85
73
83
12
98
35
3V
80
83
32
Tolal
Power
(dBn)
-31 32
-57 59
-26 71
-26 73
-41 46
-21 74
-60.30
-3R 80
-31 63
-2 . 80
Total Power
Total Flectr
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36.45
Density •
ic Field 1
Electric
Fielrt
(dBuV/n)
112
85.
116
116
101
121
83
104
111
140


13
86
74
72
99
71
15
65
82
57


Power
Dens i I y

07/02/87
5 5P PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1(150
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-38
-64
-33
-34
-49
-28
-67
-46
-39
-10
.66
79
41
08
03
32
42
.84
.44
.60
Py
Pz
(dBn) (dBn)
-35.
-61.
-31
-31.
-46.
-27.
-65
-42
-35.
-6.
81 -34.
02 -61
35 -30.
39 -30
16 -45.
15 -25.
19 -64.
93 -42.
36 -35
25 -6.
94
65
80
59
17
82
03
41
35
76
Total
Power
(dBn)
-31.43
-S7 43
-26 95
-27.01
-41 73
-22 21
-60 56
-3B.B9
-31.57
-2.72
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density =
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n)
1<2
86
116
116
101
121
82
104
111
140

(V/n)
02
0?
50
44
.72
24
.89
.56
.88
73

i
Ppupr
Dons i t y
(uUI/cnA2)
04;»??
onun
1 1 Fu.r-
116U1
00394
3^327
00 005
0075H
(140FI9
31 .41165
32 09514
10 99994

-------
File Nane  ZOGBR6
Site i Vehicle racing South
FOISD Full Scale Setting  20(V/n)
07/02/87
5 5ft PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KtYr
KRSS
KUDY
KMKI
KUA
F-requency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
12HD
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-37
-64
-32
-32
-47
-27
-65
-45
-38
-9
.13
20
.63
67
60
18
96
17
21
74
Py Pz
(dBn) (dBn)
-36
-61
-31
-31
-46
-26
-65
-44
-36
-7
28 -35
95 -61
22 -31
88 -31
86 -46
22 -27
.17 -65
45 -43
86 -35
75 -6
90
45
.69
51
38
36
32
.29
73
50
Total
Power
(dBn)
-31 64
-57.61
-27 04
-27 22
-42 15
-22 12
-60 70
-39 46
-32 05
-3 03
Total Power
Antenna
Fac t or
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
Density =
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
111
85
116
116
101
121
82
103
111
140

81
84
41
23
30
33
75
99
40
.42

Total Electric Field (V/n) •
Dens i t y
(uU/cn»2)
04(t.?n
00010
Hftl4
1112R
OOJ5H
3ft OJ5
00005
00664
036 ft'.
29.2P941
29 90450
10 61791
File Nane  ZOGUSF
Site 2 Intersection of 63rd and Cook
FOISD Full Scale Setting  20(V/n)
07/02/87
6. OS Ph
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KHBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-40
-65
-38
-36
-49
-26
-67
-43
-38
-13
34
56
50
.22
.13
.11
97
.52
.98
.21
Py
(dBn)
-37 79
-63 65
-35 54
-34 02
-47 10
-23 16
-64 90
-41.00
-37.06
-11.48
Pz
(dBn)
-40
-63
-30
-37
-48
-23
-64
-41
-36
-11
.10
.06
.37
40
.88
.67
60
25
.76
.55
Total
Power
(dBn)
-34 . 48
-59.19
-32.47
-30. 8B
-43 . 50
-19.36
-60 81
-37.01
-32 72
-7.24
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36.45
Density :
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
108
84
110
112
99
124
82
106
110
136

(U/M)
97
2ft
9Q
57
.95
09
.64
.44
.73
.21

.
Powrr
Den s i t y
(uU/cn-2)
OP093
00007
U3J23
04796
002ft2
67949
.00005
.01168
.03135
11 00652
11.91389
6.70189

-------
File Nane  ZOGBSK



Site 3



FOISD Full Scale Setting  20(V/n>
07/02/87
& 10 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-39
-67
-40
-35
-50
-26
-69
-43
-37
-11
73
98
.84
48
.01
28
18
.44
47
42
Py P?
(dBn) (dBn)
-37.
-66
-39
-32
-47
-23
-66
-41
-35.
•H.O
47 -37
19 -66
58 -35
82 -32
43 -48
83 -22
80 -66
24 -42
17 -36
93 -11
53
93
78
49
37
.59
04
.13
31
81
Total
Power
(dBn)
-33 35
-62 20
-33 40
-28 64
-43 71
-19 21
-62 38
-37 41
-31 44
-6 20
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36 4=!
36.45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 4S
Density
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
110
81
110
114
99
124
81
106.
112
137.

(V/n):
10
25
05
81
74
24
07
04
01
25


Powrr
Den«;i \ y
(uU/cn*2>
OP7J3
00004
o;j6n?
OR0.37
nnr'so
704f>2
00003
01067
04P09
14 OJS830
14 96P56
7 51058
File Nane- ZOGBSP



Site 4 In Front of KEY



FOISD Full Scale Setting-  20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 15 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPf'L
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px

(dbn)
-39.
-67.
-32.
-35
-51.
-12.
-68
-47.
-41.
-20.
95
03
09
82
70
77
36
38
91
14
Py
(dBn)
-38 02
-64 99
-29 67
-33 92
-49 24
-10 79
-65 . 77
-44.85
-40.48
-18.52
Pz
(dBn)
-38
-65
-29
-33
-49
-11
-65
-45
-40
-19
19
.55
41
.67
94
.16
.90
.55
.58
64
Total
Power
(dBn)
-33 87
-61 00
-25.46
-29.60
-45 40
-6.7P
-61 75
-41 03
-36 17
-14.61
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density:
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n)
109
82
117
113
98
136
81
102
107
128

(V/n)
.58
.45
99
85
05
.73
.70
.42
.28
.84

i
PowF'r
Den&i t y
(uU/cM*2)
.0?410
onoos
1 A696
06439
001*9
12 49033
.00004
00463
.01417
2 03156
14 79782
7.46912

-------
File Nane- ZOGBSV



Site 5  5517 Berry



FOISD Full Scale Setting. 20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 21  PM
Cal]
Si gn
KLSN
KPPL
KJRP
KXLY
KZZU
KFYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
frequenc y
(kH7)
590
63(1
790
920
970
1050
U'30
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-36
-65
-16
-34
-62
-34
-64
-47
-41
-28
7 A
44
77
64
89
40
46
46
11
44
Py
(dBn)
-33 34
-62 61
-13 86
-31.45
-59 82
-32 97
-60 91
-44 02
-38 10
-26 59
Pz
(dPn)
-36
-65
-16
-34
-62
-35
-62
-46
-41
-29
02
14
26
12
60
86
62
94
21
.34
Total
Power
(dBn)
-30 33
-59 43
-10.66
-28 40
-56 77
-29 4H
-57 65
-41 09
-35 11
-23 20
Total Power
Antenna
Fac tor
(dEO
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
113
84
132
115.
86
113
85
102
108
120.

(V/n) :
12
0?
79
OS
68
97
80
36
34
25


Powiv
npns i 1 y
(uW/cn"2)
.Ori4?ri
00007
5 O.W40
00494
0001 L.'
0^.617
(1 0010
OH457
n ui on
2flll3
5 54f.9.J
4 57296
File Nane-  ZOGBSc



Site 6 Pittsburg and 46th



FOISD Full  Scalp Setting- 20(V/n)
07/02/87
6 2H
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KFYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Py Py
(dbn) (dBn)
-35
-68
-33
-31
-60
-38
-65
-43
-40
-30
.17 -31
24 -64
03 -30
34 -27
69 -56
23 -34
.71 -63
32 -39
80 -37
58 -26
37
.21
38
31
32
95
17
32
.05
75
Pz
(dBn)
-32
-66
-32
-29
-58
-37
-63
-41
-38
-29
72
10
.79
61
13
.56
.5H
.40
.99
.66
Total
Power
<
-------
File Nane  ZOGBSk



Site 7 Stone and 50th



FOISD Full Scale Setting  20(V/n>
07/02/87
6-36 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRS5
KLIDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1 330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-29
-63
-31
-17
-Si
-31
-63
-40
-39
-23
89
70
62
.71
.39
92
15
25
30
.86
Py
(dBn)
-27 38
-60 97
-29.48
-14 93
-48 69
-29.35
-61 09
-37.27
-36.il
-21 09
Pz
(dBn)
-28
-62
-31
-16
-49
-30
-6i
-30
-37
-22
62
28
05
54
89
91
91
85
76
80
Total
Powpr

36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 4S
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
Densi ty .
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
119
86
117
131
98
117
86
109
110
125

(V/n)
71
.05
60
90
.37
.62
.25
61
69
79


Pownr
Den 51 Ty

240 1H
00011
1 52f<9
4 10327
0 0 1 P?
.15351
00011
OP427
.03111
1 00616
5 80i?4
4.67661
File Nane  ZOGBSs



Site 8 55th Awe. Between Crestline and Regal



FOISD Full Scale Setting  20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 44 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-34
-66
-34
-26
-43
-29
-63
-40
-36
-18
.23
.41
39
72
.82
92
08
.30
.41
.94
Py
(dBn)
-31.54
-63 49
-32 25
-24.35
-41 10
-27 91
-61 08
-37.51
-33.08
-16 39
Pz

(dBn)
-30.
-66
-32
-25.
-39.
-28.
-59.
-38.
-37.
-16
92
00
86
56
33
69
33
58
40
48
Total
Power
(dBn)
-27.24
-60.33
-28.31
-20.66
-36.27
-23.99
-56.13
-33.80
-30.45
-12.35
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36.45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density :
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
116
83
115
122
107
119
87
109
113
131

(V/n)
.21
.12
14
.79
.18
.46
.32
.57
.00
.10

:
Power
Deri si t y
(uW/cn'2)
110P4
00005
. 00671
50J71
.013P4
23415
00014
.02403
05298
3 41747
4 44394
4.09312

-------
File Nane  ZOGBSz



Site 9  44th and Regal



FOI5D Full Scale Setting  20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 51  PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KF'PL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KLYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-25
-64
-40
-28
-44
-41
-64
-28
-32
-27
22
31
.41
73
90
62
20
.11
.70
.31
Py
(dBn)
-23 10
-61 76
-38.81
-26 87
-43 09
-39 31
-61 97
-24.65
-29 44
-24.40
Pz

(dPn)
-23
-63
-41
-2B
-41
-42.
-63
-28.
-33
-28.
86
77
03
15
69
06
75
93
19
85
Total
Power
(dBn)
-19 20
-58 36
-35 21
-23 07
-38 26
-36 OS
-58.42
-22.04
-26 67
-21 6B
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36 45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/M)
124
85
108
120
105
107
85
121
116
121


36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
116
87
109
118
106
112
92
131
129
125

(V/n)
.04
.91
.99
.82
77
.56
.92
.65
.87
.44

:
Powpr
Densi ty
(uU/cn*2)
.10651
00016
.OP649
.20233
0 1 262
04782
.00052
3.87771
2 57300
. 92929
7.77644
5 41454

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File Nane- ZOGBTV




Site 11  Joel E  Ferris High School Parking Lot



FOISD Full Scale Setting  20(V/n)
07/02/87
7 21 PM
Cal]
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px

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File Nane  ZOGBTp



Site 13 Next to KGA Tower on 63rd



FOISD Full Scale Setting  50(V/n)
07/02/87
7 41 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRP
KXLY
KZZU
KF.YF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
12JU
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-43
-75
-46
-43
-56
-38
-75
-46
-42
-4
.50
.15
65
.82
88
02
.51
.72
31
.49
Py Pz
(dBn) (dBn)
-40
-74
-43
-41
-55.
-34
-72.
-44
-40
-1.
88 -42
22 -74
92 -45
62 -43
09 -56
84 -3fe
89 -74
83 -46
78 -41
92 -3
IS
56
90
11
?7
83
6S
41
97
95
TotaJ
Powpr
(dBn)
-37 2R
-69 86
-40 56
-37 90
-51 24
-31 59
-69 44
-41 13
-36 86
1.4ft
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dP)
44 35
44 35
44.35
44 3S
44 35
44.35
44 35
44 35
44 35
44 35
Density :
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n)
114
81
110
113
100
119
81
110
114
152

(V/n)
.07
.49
79
37
11
76
91
2?
49
.81

.
Pnuf*r
Dens i I y
(uU/cn*2)
06779
.00004
031 HI
Or.763
Of) 272
?r,096
00 004
012788
074ril
507 11676
507 63014
43 74661
File Nane- ZOGBTw



Site 14 61st at end of Mt.  Vernon



FOISD Full Scale Setting  SO(V/n>
07/02/87
7-4R PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-45
-72
-41
-43
-56
-35
-76
-49
-41
-13
.74
56
.82
14
.61
.83
.69
.65
96
.76
Py
(dBn)
-41 71
-69 43
-39.30
-38.10
-51 38
-33 52
-72.35
-45.33
-38.26
-13.26
Pz

(dBn)
-42.
-70
-38
-39
-53.
-32
-72.
-47.
-40.
-13.
23
66
15
28
13
3?
26
73
42
08
Total
Power
(dBn)
-38 13
-65 93
-34 7.3
-34 93
-48.44
-28 89
-68.57
-42 44
-35.17
-8.59
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44 35
44.35
44.35
Density =
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n>
113.
8S.
116
116
102
122
82
108.
116.
142.

?2
42
62
4?
91
46
78
91
18
76

Total Electric Field (V/n>-
Po<-'Pr
Densi t y
(uU/cnA2)
OSS7 '
OOOOV
i ;? i '/cj
. 11631
005UI
46765
«nonf>
0!!064
.10994
50.1P506
51 02P43
13.86920

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File Nane  ZOGCLU




Mica Peak Instrument Conpanson Site, Isolated



FOISD Full Scale Setting 100(V/n>
07/03/86   11-20 AM
Call
Sign
KPBX
KDRK
KKPL
KMBI
Frequency
(MHz)
91.1
93 7
96.1
107 9
Px Py Pz
(dbn> (dBn) (dBn)
-21
-15
-11
-25
.68 -17
08 -7
60 -28
90 -36
.04 -10
.81 -20
83 -7
.39 -33
29
12
83
90
Total
Power
(dFIn)
-9.20
-6 8S
-6 2R
-24 94
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
50
50
50
50
.40
.40
.40
40
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
148
150
151
132
20
55
12
.46
Powpr
Densi ty
(uW/cnA2>
175 Of-729
300 70991
343 0017?
4 67531
                                      Total Power Density:             823 53&P3



                                      Total Electric Field -  3104.73159
File Nane  ZOGCLf



Mica Peak Instrunent Conparison Site, Perturbed



FOISD Full Scale Setting.100
163 9P155
275 17367
339 A071U
4 25721
                                      Total Power Density:             782 95960



                                      Total Electric Field (V»2/MA2)=  2951 75771

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File Nane  ZOGCN6



Mica Peak Instrument Comparison Site, Isolated



FOISD Full Scale Setting•100
07/03/86
i 56 PM
Call
Sign
KPBX
KDRK
KKPL
KMBI
Frequency
(MHz)
91 1
93 7
96 i
107 9
Px Py Pz
(dbn)  (dPtO
-20
-13
-11
-26
.28 -17.
30 -8
.58 -38
00 -36.
56 -10
15 -20
15 -7
25 -34
42
82
22
71
Total
Power

-9 29
-6 8J
-5 R6
-25.10
Antenna
Factor
(dB>
50 40
50 40
50 40
50.40
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
148
150
151
132
11
57
.54
.30
Power
Den^i T y
(uU/cnA2)
171
302
378
4
5*240
10621
(11143
49995
                                      Total  Power  Density              856 2ft0no



                                      Total  Electric  Field  =  3228 10019

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