United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Radiation Program
P.O. Box 98517
Las Vegas NV 89193-8517
EPA/520/6-88/008
June 1988
Radiation
Radiofrequency
Electromagnetic
Fields and Induced
Currents in the
Spokane, Washington
Area
June 29-July 3, 1987
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RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND
INDUCED CURRENTS IN THE SPOKANE, WASHINGTON AREA
JUNE 29 - JULY 3, 1987
Prepared for the
Office of Engineering and Technology
Federal Communications Commission
through Interagency Agreement RW27931344-01-4
Electromagnetics Branch
Office of Radiation Programs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 98517
Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-8517
April 1988
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STUDY PARTICIPANTS
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation Programs
Las Vegas Facility
*R1chard A. Tell
Edwin D. Mantlply
"Paul Wagner
Federal Communications Commission
Office of Engineering and Technology
Robert F. Cleveland, Jr.
'Richard A. Tell Associates, Inc.
Las Vegas, Nevada
"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
Atlanta. GA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Communications
Commission conducted a joint study of radlofrequency (RF) electromagnetic
field levels and Induced RF currents 1n the Spokane area In June, 1987. The
location of several AM towers In residential areas of southern Spokane made
this an advantageous location for the study and allowed the collection of data
on many different sources at every measurement site. One high power station,
KGA-AM, 1s located within a few hundred feet of an elementary school. Induced
currents due to the KGA-AM antenna have caused concerns among the workers at
Mull an Road School and have lead to corrective actions. Measurements were
made at the school to assess the present situation. A first endeavor was also
made to collect data to predict Induced currents In workers climbing active AM
radio towers.
Another goal of the study was to Investigate RF levels near TV and FM
antennas In the Spokane area. At the base of FM radio towers on Mica Peak,
calculations Indicated power densities would exceed 1000 microwatts per square
2 2
centimeter (uW/cm ). The maximum measured power density was 2000 yW/cm .
Measurements were also made close to TV and FM antennas on Mt. Spokane and on
Krell H111. Power densities that approach or exceed the American National
Standards Institute radlofrequency radiation protection guide (Reference 5)
were found on Mt. Spokane, but only low power densities were found on Krell
Hill.
The final purpose of the study was to refine broadband measurement
procedures. Field perturbation by an Individual making a measurement and by
conductive objects were Investigated, and two problems associated with
broadband measurement equipment, RF potential sensitivity and nonslnusoldal
response were demonstrated.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
LIST OF FIGURES Ill
LIST OF TABLES 1v
INTRODUCTION 1
MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT 1
Electric and Magnetic Field Measuring Equipment 2
Broadband Field Strength Meters 2
Narrowband Field Strength Measuring Equipment 4
Current Measur1ng Equ1pment 6
Current Probe 6
Current Meter 7
PROCEDURES AND RESULTS 7
Community Measurements Near the AM Radio Towers 7
Narrowband Measurements 8
Broadband Measurements 9
Residential Measurements 9
AM Measurements at the MulIan Road School 10
Induced Currents at the MulIan Road School 12
Body Current on an AM Tower 13
Measured Electric Fields near an AM Tower Surface 15
Body Current due to AM Magnetic Fields 16
Body Current due to AM Electric Fields 17
Mt. Spokane 18
Survey of Areas Near the Transmitting Building 19
Krell Hill 20
M1 ca Peak 20
Measurement Issues 21
RF Potential Sensitivity 21
Non-sinusoidal response 22
Field Perturbation by Operator 23
Field Enhancement by Conductive Objects 24
CONCLUSIONS 25
REFERENCES 27
FIGURES
TABLES
APPENDIX A. Instrument Calibration Data
APPENDIX B. Program ZOOM Listing
APPENDIX C. Detailed Narrowband Results
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FIGURES
Figure 1. Automated Measurement System
Figure 2. Southern Spokane Area
Figure 3. Mull an Road School East Wing Ground Currents
Figure 4. Tower Climb and Numerical Electromagnetic Code Modeling Results
Figure 5. Tower Climber Body Current vs. Radial Electric Field
Figure 6. Mica Peak Towers and Results
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TABLES
Table 1. Spectrum Analyzer Setting for ZOOM Measurements
Table 2. Community Measurement Data Near Spokane AM Radio Towers
Table 3. Electric Field Values Along the North Side of 63rd Street
Across from the Mull an Road Elementary School
Table 4. Electric and Magnetic Fields Inside the Mull an Road
Elementary School
Table 5. Measured Body Current on KKPL Tower
Table 6. Measured and Modeled Radial Electric Fields
Table 7. Ground Level Body Current near KKPL
Table 8. Maximum Power Densities In the Mt. Spokane Fire Tower.
Table 9. Measurements Made for Instrument Evaluation. Electric
Field as Determined with Several Instruments at a
Single Location Near the Mull an Road School
Table 10. Operator Perturbation of Field Values with Probe
Remaining Stationary on Top of Dielectric Support.
Table 11. Operator Perturbation of Field Values Under Normal
Field Conditions - I.e. Operator Holding Probe and Meter.
1v
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RADIOFREOUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND
INDUCED CURRENTS IN THE SPOKANE. HASHINGTON AREA
INTRODUCTION
In an effort to obtain data on levels of radlofrequency radiation near
broadcast facilities, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been conducting measurement surveys
at selected sites around the country over the past few years. These surveys
have been performed under the terms of an Interagency agreement between the
FCC and the EPA and have Involved staff from both agencies. One area of
Interest has been the determination of electric and magnetic fields near AM
broadcast towers. Data on such fields have been limited and are needed In
order to better understand the potential for exposure of the public and
workers to RF radiation from these stations. Spokane, Washington Is a good
area for acquiring such data due to the relatively large number of AM
broadcast stations 1n the vicinity, many of which are located 1n relatively
close proximity to residential and commercial areas. In addition, there are
several potential measurement sites with FM and television broadcast
stations. Therefore. It was decided that the Spokane area would offer the FCC
and EPA an excellent opportunity to acquire data on electromagnetic fields
from broadcast transmitters. The study was carried out between June 29 and
July 3, 1987, and measurements were obtained of fields near AM, FM, and
television transmitters. In addition, measurements of Induced body current
were made on a human subject while climbing an active AM tower.
MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT
The equipment used 1n the Spokane study can be divided Into two classes,
devices used to measure radlofrequency (RF) currents Induced 1n objects by AM
broadcast fields and equipment used to measure RF electric (E) or magnetic (H)
field strengths at AM. FM. and TV broadcast frequencies.
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Electric and Magnetic Field Measuring Equipment
RF field strength was measured using either broadband electric or
magnetic field strength meters or, alternatively, narrowband tunable meters
connected to antennas sensitive to electric or magnetic fields (E or H).
Broadband Field Strength Meters
Several different broadband meters were used during the Spokane study.
Appendix A contains EPA calibration data for the equipment used In the study.
The broadband meters have complementary characteristics which allow most
environments to be surveyed accurately by at least one meter. Important
limiting characteristics Include: RF potential sensitivity, non-sinusoidal
response, zero stability, electrostatic sensitivity, out-of-band response.
1 sotropy, and absolute calibration as a function of frequency. While this
list Is not exhaustive, It does Include topics that EPA has found to be
significant practical problems 1n the field and which can completely
Invalidate measurements. A description of these characteristics 1s presented
below; examples of their effects are Included 1n later sections of the
report. Other characteristics such as linearity, thermal stability, and cable
flexure response are not usually practical concerns for well designed
Instruments.
RF potential sensitivity—Potential sensitivity affects electric field
meters which use high resistance leads to Isolate the probe from the meter
readout. This sensitivity appears to be a practical problem only at
frequencies below about 10 MHz. The problem can be demonstrated by
electrically Isolating the system near an AM radio station and changing the
vertical separation between the meter readout and probe; the meter response
will Increase with separation. This Increase occurs In an essentially uniform
vertical electric field which has equally spaced horizontal potential
surfaces. This Is because the high resistance leads offer Inadequate
Isolation between the probe and the meter at low frequenles, and perturb the
electric field at the probe. This perturbation can be demonstrated by
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bringing the hlgh-reslstance-lead probe near a well Isolated meter and noting
the change In measured field displayed on the Isolated unit. This effect Is
not a problem for Instruments without high resistance leads, such as those In
which the antenna and meter are a single well Isolated unit.
Non-sinusoidal response—Ideally, field strength meters should respond to
the true RMS field strength even In non-sinusoidal fields. However, diode-
based meters operating above the square law region of the diode will generally
respond high In non-sinusoidal fields, If calibrated In sinusoidal fields.
Non-sinusoidal fields 1n the broadcast environment Include video- or
amplitude-modulated signals and multiple frequency environments. Typically, a
meter will read 1 to 2 dB high In these environments. The amount of error can
vary with time and spatial position.
Zero stability—HMle thermocouple based meters are true RMS detectors,
they can have problems with zero drift especially on the most sensitive
range. The zero may drift only while the field 1s applied but be relatively
stable when the probe Is shielded or In the absence of a field. This property
limits the usable sensitivity of these meters and requires careful re-zeroing
during measurement and calibration.
Electrostatic sensitivity—Some meters are sensitive to electrostatic
fields. Preliminary laboratory work has demonstrated this sensitivity. In
the field, It has been observed that meter readings can stabilize when the
surveyor 1s grounded. Stability may also depend on weather conditions and on
the type of shoes and clothing worn by the operator.
Out-of-band response—Many field meters have resonant responses at
certain frequencies well above their specified frequency range. These
resonances can lead to significant meter responses at frequencies where the
meter should not respond at all. The responses of some meters at frequencies
below their specified frequency range can also be unpredictable because of
potential sensitivity. For example, some RF meters Inappropriately respond to
60 Hz electric fields.
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Isotropy— The IFI unit used In this study detects only one polarization
at a time and must be reoriented If Isotroplc measurements are necessary. The
other meters used are designed to be Isotroplc and are successful to a good
approximation. One exception, however, Is magnetic field probes which contain
three orthogonal loops In a "petal" arrangement on three faces of a cube.
These probes typically read 3 dB low when the magnetic field Is perpendicular
to the probe axis. The probe Is usually calibrated with the field parallel to
the probe axis and reads a maximum 1n this orientation. So, If the probe Is
oriented to read a maximum during field measurements the reading should be
accurate.
Absolute calibration—Finally, all measurements are dependent on the
absolute value of the field used to calibrate the field strength meter. The
accuracy of the EPA laboratory calibration fields at these frequencies Is
believed to be better than 0.5 dB based on cross checks with the National
Bureau of Standards. Propagation of worst case errors for factors leading to
the theoretical calculation of the field gives a probable error of about 1 dB
(Reference 1). Generally, the EPA laboratory calibration of a meter will
agree with the manufacturer's calibration within 0.5 dB.
Narrowband Field Strength Measuring Equipment
While broadband meters are portable, respond quickly, and are easy to
operate, they do not provide Information on the RF field Intensity at any
particular frequency. Nhen several RF sources are present. It Is often
necessary to know the contribution from each source. Narrowband methods allow
this determination. Most of the broadband meter limitations described above
do not apply to narrowband measurement systems, however, narrowband equipment
Is not a panacea. Potential sensitivity can be a problem for narrowband
electric field antennas which use coaxial cable at low frequencies. Isotropy
can only be achieved by making three orthogonal measurements with antennas
having a short-dlpole pattern. The large physical size of some narrowband
antennas does not allow the fine spatial resolution of a field that Is
possible with smaller broadband equipment. Each narrowband measurement
requires an Individual set up, and the complexity, weight, power requirement,
and expense Is greater with narrowband systems than with broadband systems.
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A narrowband system generally consists of an antenna, a cable, and a
calibrated receiver. Two receivers and two antennas were used 1n this study.
Either antenna could be used with either receiver. An Eaton loop antenna with
coaxial cable was used to measure magnetic fields at AM broadcast
frequencies. A Nanofast fiber optically Isolated spherical dlpole (FOISD) was
used for electric field measurement at AM to UHF-TV broadcast frequencies.
The primary receiver was a Hewlett-Packard (HP) Model 8566A spectrum analyzer
used 1n an automated system. A Potomac Model FIM-41, as described 1n the next
section on current probe measurements, was also used as a receiver at AM
frequencies.
The automated system diagramed In Figure 1 consists of the FOISD antenna,
spectrum analyzer, antenna rotator system, and the controlling HP 9845B
computer with peripherals. This small antenna (11.5 cm In diameter) 1s
sensitive to electric fields, 1s linearly polarized, and has a short-dlpole
pattern. The axis of the antenna was oriented at about 55° from the axis of
Its support mast. With this orientation, the antenna 1s placed 1n three
orthogonal positions by rotating the mast to three azimuths, 120° apart. A
computer program called ZOOM Is used to control the system and Is listed 1n
Appendix B. The program Is edited to contain a 11st of broadcast stations to
be measured. When executed, the program sets the spectrum analyzer to measure
power at each frequency 1n the list and the measurement Is repeated at each of
the three orthogonal antenna positions. Antenna factors are applied to give
field strengths. Finally the three power values are added to give an
"Isotroplc received power," 1. e., the power received by a hypothetical
Isotroplc antenna, and the results are printed and stored on disk.
The accurate measurement of average power by the spectrum analyzer
requires special analyzer settings for each broadcast band. These settings
(Table 1) have been determined empirically 1n the laboratory using a power
splitter, thermocouple power sensors, and real broadcast signals. For video
measurements, the peak power during the synchronization pulse Is multiplied by
0.4 to give an average power for normal programming.
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The absolute calibration of the field system Is tested In the EPA
laboratory. The accuracy of the field system 1s similar to that for the
broadband probes because the same calibration source 1s used. A corrollary 1s
that small differences between FOISD and probe measurements do not necessarily
Imply high absolute accuracy - only consistency. Also, large differences In
results from broadband and narrowband systems must be due to factors other
than calibration.
Current Measuring Equipment
Two devices were used to measure RF current, an RF "clamp-on" current
prfibe used with a tunable voltmeter and a direct reading RF current panel
meter.
Current Probe
The current probe used was an Eaton Model 91550-1 having a window
diameter of 1.25 Inch and a frequency range of 30 Hz to 100 MHz. The maximum
Impedance added to the conductor under test Is 0.75 ohm. The net RF current
through the window (Ip) Is determined from the RF voltage (Eg) across 50
ohms at the current probe output, divided by the current probe transfer
Impedance (Zj). During this field work, RF current was measured In several
situations at either 630 kHz or 1510 kHz. the broadcast frequencies of
stations KKPL-AM and KGA-AM. The transfer Impedance can be read from the
manufacturer-supplied graph to be 3.6 ohms at 630 kHz and 4.5 ohms at
1510 kHz. These values were corroborated with laboratory measurements of
3.58 ohms at 630 kHz and 4.49 ohms at 1510 kHz, with an accuracy of about
II.
The error 1n measuring E~ dominates the error 1n Ip measurement.
ES was measured using a Potomac Model FIM-41 as a tunable voltmeter. The
Potomac external Input was calibrated In the field at 100 mV^e using a
Hewlett-Packard 3314A function generator as a known RF voltage source Into
50 ohms. The accuracy of the function generator voltage Is ±21. Potomac
specifies that non-linearity contributes up to 51 error. Two complicating
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factors have to be considered. First, some measurements were made without a
50 ohm feed-through resistor on the Potomac Input. An experimental correction
factor for not using the resistor was found to be 0.641 at 630 kHz and 0.392
at 1510 kHz and that factor has been Incorporated In the data presented here.
Second, the non-linearity of the Potomac was determined to be out of
specification for levels below 10 mV. These lower voltages were only measured
at 630 kHz where the readings could be 101 high due to the nonlinearity. It
Is unknown whether this nonllnearlty existed In the field so no corrections
are made based upon It. The only measurements that could be affected by this
nonllnearlty are the current probe measurements at the KKPL-AM site.
Current Meter
The current Induced through the arms of an Individual climbing an AM
broadcast tower was measured using a Simpson RF current meter (150 mA full
scale). The current meter was mounted In a jig which allowed the meter to be
Inserted In series between the tower and the climber's hands. The jig also
Included a 150 mA fuse In series to protect the meter. The total Impedance of
the jig, fuse, and meter Is equivalent to 15.0 ohms resistance 1n series with
about 0.5 microhenry Inductance. After returning from the field the meter
zero was about 15 mA negative. However, at higher currents, the error was
Insignificant due to the nonlinear meter scale. Measured values were
corrected to compensate for this error. See Appendix A for calibration data.
PROCEDURES AND RESULTS
Community Measurements Near the AM Radio Towers
Among the objectives of the Spokane project was a study of ambient fields
In the vicinity of several AM radio antennas. Near Spokane's southern city
limits, there are eight AM stations In an area about 1.5 miles square. This
collection of AM stations provided a good laboratory for determining typical
electric fields near the towers. Figure 2 Is a map of this area, Identifying
the community measurement locations with numbers and the AM radio broadcast
stations (some of which Included more than one tower) with letters.
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Narrowband Measurements
To obtain the narrowband AM data, the FOISD was placed on a fiberglass
mast five feet above the roof of the measurement vehicle. Measurements were
made at each of 19 locations. These data are presented In Table 2. The site
numbers 1n Table 2 correspond to those plotted In Figure 2. The second column
In Table 2, "FOISD File" Is the name given the narrowband data stored 1n the
computer for each measurement. The third column lists the AM band electric
field found at the site using the FOISD antenna system. The detailed
frequency-specific data for each site are contained 1n Appendix C.
A check to evaluate the spectrum analyzer system-was conducted at the
Mull an Road School parking lot. This check Involved two measurements using
the FOISD antenna system. For one of the measurements the signal was
processed with the spectrum analyzer. For the second measurement the signal
was Input to the Potomac field strength meter. For one orientation of the
antenna, the spectrum analyzer reported a power of -7.75 dBm for the dominant
frequency at the Site (file ZOGB07). For the same antenna orientation and
frequency, the Potomac reported 93 mV or -7.63 dBm for a difference of 0.12 dB.
In order to resolve questions about how the vehicle orientation might
affect the electric field measurements, data were collected at Site 1 with the
vehicle facing each of the four major compass directions, but with the antenna
positioned at the same location (within Inches) for each measurement. These
four data files are listed In Table 2, showing a maximum deviation of less
than 0.6 dB between the lowest and highest value.
The data collected above the vehicle are also Influenced by the height of
the measurement and the presence of the large conductive vehicle. To obtain
an Indication of the Importance of this effect, measurements were made at
another location In the Mull an Road School parking lot. using the broadband
IFI EFS-1 (SN 1059). Above the vehicle, at the approximate height of the
FOISD, the IFI reported a 12 V/m vertical field and no horizontal field. In
the same area, but at shoulder-height, the IFI reported about a 9.2 V/m
vertical field. This shows that the values collected with the FOISD
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positioned above the measurement vehicle probably overestimate the ground
level field Intensities. Because these Intensities are far below any standard
for AM-rad1o frequencies In the U.S., the more accurate but also far more time
consuming process of obtaining shoulder-height FOISD measurements was not
pursued. Instead, shoulder-height measurements were made with the IFI meters
at several locations.
Broadband Measurements
The IFI meters were used to make rapid measurements along the streets
that surround the KGA towers. Two sets of data were collected and are
presented In Table 2. The first set was taken during daylight hours, when the
KGA pattern Is omnidirectional. The second set of data was collected after
KGA shifted to Its night-time, directional pattern. The data collected before
and after KGA shifted to a directional pattern Indicate that KGA's directional
pattern Increases Us westward gain and protects areas to the east. The data
for Sites 2 and 3 support the hypothesis that values measured above the
vehicle roof are generally higher than those measured In the same area but at
shoulder height and with the vehicle removed.
Residential Measurements
In an effort to obtain an Indication of the relationship between Indoor
and outdoor fields, both electric and magnetic field measurements were made at
a home near Mount Vernon and 61st Street, the closest residence to the KGA
daytime tower. None of the values obtained exceeded either the ANSI or NCRP
guides for safe exposure (see References 5 and 6). Vertical E-fleld
measurements were made with an IFI EFS-1
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Inside the home, measurements made away from obvious metallic objects
ranged from about 1 to 9 V/m but were generally below 5 V/m. As with the
outside measurements, higher perturbed field values could be found Inside.
Near a living room chandelier fields up to 55 V/m were measured, 28 V/m near
TV cables, and 46 V/m near the kitchen stove. The values found Inside a
grounded metal workshop 1n the yard were around 1 V/m. These Indoor and
outdoor data suggest that the electric field Is attenuated somewhat by normal
residential construction, but as one would expect, grounded metal structures
are far better shields against electric fields.
. Magnetic fields were also measured Inside and outside the residence. For
these measurements the Eaton loop antenna was connected to the Potomac meter
through a 50 ohm load. The Potomac was calibrated at the KGA 1510 kHz
broadcast frequency for absolute voltage prior to these measurements. The KGA
signal dominates the AM band 1n this area (see file ZOGBTw for site 14), so at
this home, only the 1510 kHz fields were determined with this narrowband
magnetic field system. The loop antenna was oriented for a maximum value and
the reading on the Potomac recorded. This voltage was multiplied by the loop
antenna factor to obtain the magnetic field value.
Magnetic field values at four locations outside the house ranged from 30
to 40 mA/m. Inside the house, the value found In the center of the living
room was 31 mA/m, and 1n the kitchen was 49 mA/m. These limited data suggest
that AM-radlo magnetic fields are not attenuated significantly by typical
residential construction.
AM Measurements at the Mull an Road School
The Mull an Road School property Is just across 63rd Street from the KGA
antenna (Figure 2). Approximately one year after the school was built, a
metal roof was Installed and connected to ground with several ground straps In
order to limit the electric fields Inside the classrooms. These actions were
prompted by complaints of electric shocks or RF burns In the school. The EPA
and FCC were aware before coming to Spokane that there was still some concern
about the fields at the Mull an Road Elementary School. So, several
measurements were made both Inside and outside the school.
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First, electric field measurements were made at several locations along
the north side of 63rd Street, across from the Mullan Road School property.
These data are listed In Table 3. The data were collected with an IFI EFS-1
electric field strength meter (SN 1059). All these values were measured at a
height of about four feet.
Since the IFI measures only one polarization of the field at any given
time, three measurements would be necessary for a complete evaluation of the
E-f1eld at any point. It was assumed that at these distances from the active
KGA tower, the dominant field orientation would be vertical. To show this.
all three orthogonal components were measured near the KGA east tower. There
was no measured field tangent to the tower. 10 V/m radial to the tower, and 37
V/m vertical. The total field of 38 V/m Is not significantly different from
the vertical component, as expected.
One additional measurement was made at the gazebo near the northeast
corner of the old half of the Mullan Road School building. There a vertical
electric field of about 15 V/m was found.
Inside the Mullan Road Elementary School, both electric and magnetic
field measurements were made. The magnetic field measurements were taken with
the Eaton loop antenna connected to the Potomac meter via a 50 ohm "feed-
through" resistor. The loop antenna factor was taken from manufacturer-
supplied data.
A comparison between E and H field values was made at a location In front
of the school near 63rd Street. At this point the 1510 kHz H field was found
to be 39.7 mA/m. At the same point the electric field, as measured with the
IFI meter, was 13.9 V/m. The ratio of E/H was 350 ohms, which Is within
measurement error of the 377 ohms Impedance of free space Indicating far-field
conditions.
Inside the school, measurements were made In 9 rooms. The electric and
magnetic field data collected In the school are presented 1n Table 4. The
first room Investigated was E120, which 1s the room closest to the KGA active
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tower (see Figure 3). An Initial east/west transverse of the room with the
IFI survey Instrument showed a nearly constant 3.2 V/m vertical electric
field. A survey from the north side of the room (the window side) to the
south side of the room (the Interior side) showed the vertical electric field
falling from about 9.2 V/m to about 2.8 V/m, but with changes of this
magnitude occurring over a distance as small as 2 feet. The electric field
was also found to be dependent on proximity to the fluorescent celling lights
but not affected by whether those lights were turned on or off. Table 4 shows
that the highest electric fields were found In rooms E120. E118A. and E101.
None of these values exceeds the current ANSI RF radiation protection guide.
Generally the magnetic fields were less than 50 mA/m. The exceptions to
this rule occurred near ground wires and conduit electrical panels, or metal
fixtures that could carry an RF current. These currents create localized
elevated magnetic fields, however, none of the magnetic fields listed In
Table 4 even approaches the 1600 mA/m ANSI guide.
Induced Currents at the Mull an Road School
After the Mullan Road School was constructed, complaints about RF burns
and shocks In the school led to the Installation of a metal roof. This roof
covers the single-story east wing of the Mullan Road School and Is connected
to driven ground rods at eight points around Its perimeter. The grounded roof
was Intended to lower the electric fields and thereby the RF-related problems
Inside the school.
EPA measured the current at each of the ground connections using the
Potomac and current probe. The results are presented In Figure 3. The ground
current Is a maximum at the northeast corner of the school, the corner closest
to the KGA-AM tower, and Is typically four times greater on the north side of
the building facing the tower than on the other side of the building. If all
the currents are assumed to be In phase they sum to a total of 1.67 amp. At
the northeast corner, the localized magnetic field close to the ground
conductor was measured using the Eaton loop antenna. The value was 1.0 A/m
(1000 mA/m).
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Two simple models can be used to estimate the current to ground due to
the electric and magnetic fields In this situation. The unperturbed electric
field Is assumed to be 15 V/m as measured at the gazebo and the magnetic field
Is set at 0.04 A/m (E/H « 377 ohms). If the roof and ground are modeled as
two shorted parallel plates 1n the electric field, the current between them Is
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given by I=2irfEAEA where f Is the frequency 1n Hz, en - 8.854x10 and
2 2
A Is the area In m . The roof area Is approximately 1480 m so the
estimated current due to the electric field Is 1.8 A. To model the magnetic
field Interaction, the roof, ground wires, and ground are viewed as forming a
shorted rectangular loop 3 m high and 18 m across with the loop plane
perpendicular to the magnetic field. A shorted circular loop having the same
area will have a current due to the magnetic field of approximately 90 mA,
I.e.. only 5 percent of the current 1s due to the magnetic field. One would
expect this current to be even less because of the limited conductivity of
ground. So, the primary coupling Is probably with the electric field.
Body Current on an AM Tower
An objective of this study was to obtain Information useful for
predicting Induced body currents which might be experienced by workers
climbing active AM radio towers. EPA sought a simple AM tower configuration
for this experiment. KKPL, an AM station In the Spokane area broadcasts from
a 1/4 wavelength guy-supported single tower having a height of 119 meter*;.
KKPL offered unlimited access to Its AM tower and transmitter and provided
assistance to EPA during the study. KKPL normally operates at 1 kW power at
630 kHz.
The RF current meter/test J1g as described In the equipment section was
used to measured RF current through the hands of the climber at 7 heights on
the tower while the station operated at normal power. The climber held the
metal jig contacts with both bare hands, leaned away from the tower, and
adjusted the J1g to give a stable maximum reading, Indicating good contact.
The climber wore work boots during the measurements. The results are given 1n
Table 5 and have been corrected for meter zero error. At the 98 m height, the
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current Increased from 75 to 84 mA when one arm was extended away from the
tower. No change was observed 1n meter response when the modulation was
turned off. No Induced current was observed near the tower base even when the
climber was barefoot. This Indicates that the magnetic field which 1s a
maximum at the tower base did not contribute significantly to the body
current.
The body current Increased nearly linearly with height (see Figure 4).
The only near-field component which behaves similarly Is the radial electric
field. The vertical electric field 1s relatively small except near the ends
of. the tower and the magnetic field 1s a maximum near the base and decreases
with height. Modeling the tower as a thin monopole allows an exact
theoretical solution for the near fields, but predicts radial electric fields
which decrease near the top of the tower, resulting 1n a poor fit. A linear
combination of radial and vertical electric field also failed to fit the body
current data when using the thin monopole solution. This solution assumes a
sinusoidal antenna current distribution which Is only a good approximation "If
the monopole element 1s sufficiently thin electrically and not too long"
(Reference 2 Helner et. al. p. 20). The ratio of tower radius (r) to
wavelength Q> must be less than about 0.0001 for a 1/4 wavelength monopole to
use this approach. At 630 kHz, the ratio rA Is 0.00044, too large for a
sinusoidal current distribution to apply. However, an alternative approach
using numerical methods can be used to solve for the current.
The triangular cross-section KKPL tower can be modeled as a circular
cylinder by using a same-perimeter rule-of-thumb, 3L-2irr where L Is the length
of a tower cross-section side and r 1s the equivalent radius. Since L equals
17.25 Inches, r equals 0.209 meter.
A numerical electromagnetic code (NEC) operating on a personal computer
was used to solve for the current distribution and calculate the radial
electric field at a distance of 0.5 meter from the modeled tower surface
(0.709 meter from the axis). The base drive current was set at 4.47 A RMS.
Figure 4 displays a schematic tower, the calculated radial electric field, and
the measured body current. All values are RMS. Figure 5 Is a plot of the
14
-------
measured body current as a function of calculated radial electric field at the
7 measurement heights; a linear fit assuming zero body current for zero radial
electric field was generated, having a slope of 0.23 mA/V/m and a correlation
coefficient of 0.98. In this situation the radial electric field Is
decreasing rapidly with distance from the tower and 1s not uniform across the
body. So, the slope 1n Figure 5 depends on the choice of distance between the
tower and climber.
Given similar tower cross sections these results should be useful In
predicting body currents on other towers. The current per radial electric
field should Increase with frequency, however, further measurements should be
made to confirm these results and extend the model.
Measured Electric Fields near an AM Tower Surface
The Idealized model used above will not accurately predict fields very
close to the real KKPL tower surface. Detailed modeling of all the structural
components of the triangular tower would be required to obtain accurate field
estimates very close to the tower. The difference between the model and
reality Is demonstrated by comparing the measured electric fields with the
NEC-calculated fields for the cylindrical model, as presented In Table 6. The
electric field measurements were made using an IFI EFS-1 (SN 1059). For the 2
meter-height measurement, the Instrument was held by an operator standing on
the ground. At 6 meters above the ground, the operator held on to the tower
and leaned away from the Instrument. The base current In the tower was
reduced to 1.06 A from the normal 4.47 A during these measurements.
Consequently, the measured fields have been multiplied by a scaling factor of
4.23. The distance from the tower Is the radial distance from the tower outer
surface for measurements and Is the distance from the modeled circular
cylindrical surface for the calculations. Only the radial electric field was
measured or calculated.
Table 6 shows that the real fields close to the tower are very different
from the Idealized fields calculated using NEC. Despite this fact, 1f the
cross sectional geometry of the tower does not change significantly with
15
-------
height, the relationship shown 1n Figure 5 can be used to predict Induced body
current In tower climbers. However, It should be emphasized that for towers
having different electric heights the radial electric field will not
necessarily Increase with height; In fact radial electric fields can reach a
maximum value at the tower base. This Is because the modeled field variation
with height should be similar to the real field variation with height at any
fixed horizontal coordinate. At higher locations on the tower, the radial
electrical field would be greater that at the tower base and would certainly
exceed the ANSI guideline of 632 V/m at points close to the tower.
It should be noted that measurements at the 2 meter height above ground
were made near the lower tapered section of the tower only .3 meter above the
Insulator. Thus, the criteria of small changes 1n cross sectional geometry .Is
not met for comparisons of measurements at 2 and 6 meters.
Body Current due to AM Magnetic Fields
Body currents Induced by magnetic fields are also of Interest. A special
concern arises when the body can complete a large loop. At low frequencies
Faraday's Law may be used to calculate the voltage across the body's
Impedance. The measured Impedance across the hands or feet at AM frequencies
Is approximately 500 ohms (mainly resistive). From this Impedance (Z), the
loop area (S), and the magnetic field \H), the current (I) can be determined.
Assuming a uniform sinusoidal magnetic field and the loop oriented for maximum
current, the formula 1s: I«S2irfunH/Z. For a frequency (f) of 630 kHz. Z
7
magnitude of 500 ohms and un4irxlO henry/m, the expression reduces to
I(mA)-9.95-S(ra2)-H(A/m).
On the ground near the KKPL tower, measurements were made using an
Individual standing near the tower to test this formula. The magnetic field
was measured using the Eaton loop antenna; the result was 0.032 A/m. In the
first measurement of body current, an approximately hexagonal loop was formed
by the arms, upper torso, and an aluminum rod. The current through the rod
was measured using the Eaton current probe and Potomac meter. Hhen the
16
-------
Individual rotated, the response nulled as would be expected for magnetic
2
field detection. The area of this loop was about 0.35 m (hexagon 0.37 m on
a side). So, the calculated current 1s 0.11 mA. The measured current was
0.090 mA. A second measurement Involved using two Individuals and two rods
forming an octagonal loop, and gave similar results. Here, the Impedance Is
2
Increased to 1000 ohms and the area Is 1.29 m , the calculated current Is
0.205 mA. and the measured current was 0.150 mA. The differences between
calculated and measured currents are consistent with the approximations used
for area and Impedance.
While this situation Is contrived, conductive loops that Include humans
do exist 1n the environment. For example, a child using a swlngset completes
a loop formed with the support bar and the chains of the swing. The area of
this loop could be several square meters Increasing the Induced current, but
the apparatus would probably be far enough from an AM tower that the fields,
and therefore the Induced currents, would be small.
At the location near KKPL where the magnetic fields were measured, the
electric field measured with an IFI EFS-1 (SN 1060) was 1.9 V/m. Thus, the
wave Impedance (E/H) was 59 ohms. This relatively low wave Impedance (strong
magnetic field relative to electric field) close to the tower contributed to
the successful measurement of body currents due to magnetic fields.
Body Current due to AM Electric Fields
The body current due to uniform vertical electric fields has been
examined previously (Reference 3 and 4). However, the following measurement
technique employs a current probe Instead of a shunt resistor or direct
reading current meter. A 30.5 cm square horizontal aluminum plate supported
14 cm above ground was connected directly to a 50 cm ground rod driven Into
the earth beneath the plate. The Eaton current probe was clamped around the
ground rod. The probe output voltage was measured with the Potomac meter.
This technique was used to measure body current near the KKPL AM tower
for a number of body configurations with and without shoes. The body current
through the feet of an adult standing barefoot on the plate with a vertical
17
-------
field of 1.9 V/m at 630 kHz Is expected to be about 0.4 mA (Reference 4). The
results of measurements nears KKPL are presented In Table 7, and agree with
this value. The current 1s reduced by a factor of two when wearing boots and
1s relatively Insensitive to whether one or two feet are on the ground plate,
but can be affected by body configuration. So, the body currents which were
measured may be similar to those experienced during normal activity.
Mt. Spokane
On Mt. Spokane, a Forest Service fire lookout tower Is located
approximately 100 feet from the transmitting antennas for KXLY-FM and TV. The
State of Washington and the KXLY management were concerned that a newly
Installed main FM antenna might cause higher power densities In the cab of the
fire tower than the auxiliary antenna would. For this reason, KXLY-FM was
broadcasting from Its auxiliary antenna as the study began. However, the
measurements documented here demonstrate that the highest fields In the cab
occur when KXLY 1s operating from Its auxiliary FM and not the main FM
antenna.
On the fire tower catwalk facing the antennas a test was made to
determine the maximum contribution to the field from the KXLY-TV main
antenna. A Holaday Model HI-3001, (SN 26038) was used. The survey probe was
moved to find a maximum reading with only the TV transmitter operating. That
2
reading Increased from 28 to 850 uW/cm when the FM auxiliary antenna was
activated Indicating that the field due to the FM auxiliary antenna was
dominant.
Hlth the main TV and auxiliary FM antennas operating, the typical reading
2 2
on the catwalk was 710 uW/cm with a maximum of 1100 yW/cm using the
Holaday. The maximum seen on the catwalk using a Narda 8662 electric field
2
probe (SN 01008) was 1100 uH/cm . 1n good agreement with the Holaday
measurement. Although the Narda 8631 magnetic field probe (SN 17136) was
apparently sensitive to static charge, grounding the operator stabilized the
2
meter allowing successful measurement of a typical value of 360 uW/cm and a
maximum of 1400 yH/cm on the catwalk.
18
-------
With the main FM antenna operating, the maximum value on the catwalk was
340 yH/cm2, well below the value found when the auxiliary FM antenna was
operating.
Thirty-six measurements were made on a six by six horizontal grid Inside
the fire tower cab when the FM auxiliary antenna was operating and again when
the FM main antenna was operating. At each horizontal location, the vertical
column between the floor and celling was probed for a maximum reading.
Table 8 shows the results for a view looking down on the cab. The perimeter
values were measured just Inside the walls or windows. The Holaday HI-3001
(SN 26038) was used to measure the electric field. Auxiliary antenna values
are shown In parenthesis.
The data In Table 8 show the exposure due to the auxiliary antenna Is
greater than that due to the main FM antenna. While all of the values due to
2
the main antenna are below the ANSI guide of 1000 uW/cm , some do exceed the
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
recommendation of 200 yW/cm , (Reference 6) and two of the EPA guidance
options (Reference 7).
Survey of Areas Near the Transmitter Building
Radlofrequency fields were surveyed on the roof of and around the KXLY
transmitter building with auxiliary or main FM or TV antennas operating. The
auxiliary antennas are closer to the roof and generate higher field strengths
on the roof than the main antennas.
With the main TV and auxiliary FM antenna operating, the following
results were obtained. On the wooden platform near the ground the maximum
value seen using the Holaday HI-3001 (SN 26038) was 990 yH/cm2. On the roof
beneath the auxiliary FM antenna, the maximum value observed was 2700 yW/cm2
with typical values In the range of 990 to 2100 yH/cm .
With the auxiliary TV and main FM antenna operating, measurements of
electric and magnetic fields were made beneath the auxiliary TV antenna on the
19
-------
roof. The average power transmitted by the TV video signal varies with
programming, so generally a spatial maximum was found and a range of readings
In time reported. Using the Narda 8631 magnetic field probe (SN 17136), the
maximum value was 4000 uW/cm . The 8631 1s a thermocouple based probe and
will give accurate RMS magnetic field readings. The Holaday HI-3002,
(SN 33182) with STE-02 electric field probe and Narda 8662 (SN 01008) electric
2
field probe found maximum values from 3900 to 6100 uW/cm and from 4500 to
2
6000 uW/cm , respectively. These data suggest that the local electric
fields exceed the local magnetic fields at this location.
Finally, a survey was made on the ground with both the FM and TV main
antennas operating In normal mode. For this survey, the Holaday HI-3001
(SN 26038) meter was used. The maximum value observed beneath the antenna
tower was 740 uW/cm ; generally the range was 280 to 570 uW/cm .
The fields on top of the transmitter building can exceed ANSI while
either auxiliary antenna Is used. Although the roof area Is posted for RF
hazards It remains accessible.
Krell Hill
At Krell Hill the TV and FM transmitting antennas are located high enough
on their towers that ground level power densities are low and are not of
concern. The maximum value measured was 8.5 uW/cm below the channel 6 KHQ
2
tower; the values were generally less than 4.3 yW/cm . The maximum seen 1n
2
the area between Channel 28 and Channel 7 towers was 4.3 uH/cm . These
measurements were made using the Holaday HI-3001 meter (SN 26038).
Mica Peak
Four high power FM broadcast transmitters are located on Mica Peak. The
transmitting antennas are close to the ground and radiate power downward.
This results In ground level power densities which are twice the ANSI guide.
Mica Peak 1s a remote area, however It Is not fenced.
20
-------
Figure 6 shows the relative location of the FM antennas on Mica Peak and
the approximate locations and values of the peak magnetic fields measured. At
FM frequencies the peak magnetic field Is typically found near the ground or
1/2 wavelength (about 1.5 m) above ground. These measurements were made using
a Narda 8631 (SN 17136) probe.
The maximum calculated ground level power density for each FM station on
M1ca Peak Is shown In parenthesis on Figure 6. For the Mica Peak stations,
this maximum occurs on the ground at 3 to 6 m from the tower base. The value
Is predicted using an EPA model which Incorporates theoretical methods and
empirical Information about FM antenna patterns, ground reflection, etc.
(Reference 8). The model Is designed to avoid underpredlctlng the highest
ground-level power density one would find near an antenna, so 1t tends to
predict power density values that are higher than those one would measure.
Based on the model results, the contribution to the peak measured value
between KKPL and KPBX (2000 yW/cm2) may be greater from KKPL than from KPBX
even though the point 1s closer to KPBX.
Measurement Issues
RF Potential Sensitivity
The responses of several Instruments were compared on the grass at the
northeast area of the Mull an Road School property close to the KGA-AM antenna
(1510 kHz). Using the FOISD antenna and spectrum analyzer the total electric
field was found to be 24.8 V/m at an arbitrarily chosen location and a height
of approximately 5 feet. Using the Eaton loop antenna with the spectrum
analyzer or with the Potomac, the magnetic field at the same location was
found to be 90 mA/m. Table 9 presents the values obtained with several
broadband Instruments. The probe of these Instruments was always placed at
the same position as the FOISD.
The IFI data compare well with the value obtained using the FOISD; the
greatest difference between the IFI value and the FOISD value Is 1.4 dB. Much
21
-------
of this difference Is probably due to short term drift In the absolute
calibration of the IFI EFS-1 (SN 1060). The Holaday and Narda systems
reported electric fields that vary widely from the reference value obtained
with the FOISD. In the worst case the difference was over 21 dB, 1n the best
comparison the difference was over 7 dB. These comparisons Illustrate the
large errors that can result from RF potential sensitivity of some measurement
systems at low (AM band) frequencies.
Non-Sinusoidal Response
During the study the performance of broadband survey meters was also
checked at one location for the higher FM-band frequencies. The Intent was to
evaluate the multiple-frequency response of broadband meters at a location
where the field strengths from more than one FM station were approximately
equal. Figure 6 shows the relative locations of the four FM antennas on Mica
Peak and the location of the comparison point. FOISD file ZOGCN6 reports a
2
power density of 856 yW/cm at that location. Three of the four stations on
the mountain account for over 99% of this value, and those three are
comparable 1n magnitude. For the comparison, each broadband probe tested was
placed at the same location as the FOISD and read from a distance of at least
3 m In order to avoid perturbation of the field by the experimenter. These
data are presented In Figure 6. All three of the broadband meters In the
comparison are based on diode detectors which may be subject to non-sinusoidal
response problems as discussed In the equipment section. A multiple-frequency
field Is one type of non-sinusoidal field that may cause diode-based broadband
meters to report higher field values than actually exist. This effect Is the
most likely explanation for the response of the Holaday and IFI equipment
which reported values that were 1.5 and 1.1 dB high respectively. The value
measured with the Narda 8662 Probe (SN 01008) Is In good agreement with the
FOISD measurement. This Is probably because the Narda diodes are operated 1n
their square law region. However, the Narda's sensitivity to static charge
made this measurement difficult.
22
-------
Field Perturbation by Operator
The value that an observer reports can depend not only on the response of
the meter, but also on the Interaction of the observer with the field. To
check the magnitude of this Interaction with magnetic fields, a Narda probe
(8631 SN 17136) was placed at an arbitrarily chosen, fixed position about
0.4 m above the KXLY transmitter building roof and below the auxiliary FM
broadcast antenna. A reference measurement value was taken with no one near
the probe. Then an Investigator stood and squatted .6 to .9 m to the north,
south, east, and west of the probe while reaching toward the probe as 1f
making a measurement. Magnetic field values were read for each of these
configurations by a person who remained stationary at least 6 m away. The
same approach was used for evaluating the effect of the observer on measured
electric field values. In this case, however, the Holaday electric field
probe (HI-3001, SN 26038) was placed about 1 m above the roof at a location
that was chosen because the electric field there was elevated. The results of
these measurements are presented 1n Table 10.
Table 10 shows that the electric field was not strongly affected by the
observer, with the maximum deviation from reference value being about 0.5 dB.
The magnetic field values, however, were affected by the location of the
observer by as much as 1 to 2 dB.
A part of this exercise was repeated with the observer holding the
Holaday meter and probe as he stood at 8 major compass points around a fixed
location. The sensitive volume of the probe was positioned at the same point,
atop an Inverted plastic bucket, for each measurement. The results of this
exercise are presented In Table 11. The difference between the lowest and
highest electric field values Is less than 1 dB. Hence the operator does
Interact with the electric field In a normal field survey, but the magnitude
of the effect Is not great.
At Mica Peak, a narrowband (FOISD) test of the field perturbation by a
person In a measurement stance was made (see files ZOGCLU and ZOGCLf). The
23
-------
results showed that the magnitude of the electric fields due to each of four
FM stations decreased by 0.4 dB or less due to the presence of the observer.
This result 1s similar to that found using the broadband Instruments (Tables
10 and 11).
The Information presented here suggests that the perturbation of the
field by the observer was more significant for the magnetic field than for the
electric field. The generality of this result Is unknown, but Indicates that
attention should be paid to observer Interaction with the field when critical
measurements such as Instrument comparison measurements are made.
Field Enhancement by Conductive Objects
A troublesome question for those who conduct RF compliance studies 1s the
effect of conductive objects on the ambient field. Metal objects can perturb
an electric field, concentrating that field In very localized areas. To
Illustrate this effect, an area of fairly uniform 10 V/m electric field
strength was found near the base of the fire tower on Mount Spokane. Then a
1.46 m electrical conduit pipe was held horizontally 1n that field by one
Investigator while another person measured the electric fields near the rod
using a Holaday HI-3001. At one end of the rod 62 V/m was measured; at the
other end over 80 V/m was found. Had that rod been a permanent fixture, the
nearby stations would have been faced with the question of how to handle very
localized areas that exceed the ANSI guide. This question Is the subject of a
petition recently brought before the FCC by a communications consulting firm.
(Reference 9).
24
-------
CONCLUSIONS
1. KGA-AM Is among the stations In the United States that have been granted
a license by the FCC to operate at the maximum allowable power of 50 kW.
Despite the high power at which KGA operates, the electric fields along
63rd Street, only 100 to 200 feet away, are well below the ANSI guideline
of 632 V/m. Electric field values throughout the southern Spokane AM
antenna cluster are rarely over 5% of the ANSI guideline. This holds
true for measurements made Inside the Mull an Road School and Inside a
residence near the KGA antennas. Similarly, the magnetic fields measured
1n the school and residence were almost always less than 51 of the ANSI
guideline of 1581 mA/m. EPA found no electric or magnetic field values,
even 1n localized areas, that exceeded the ANSI guideline at AM radio
frequencies 1n publicly accessible areas. However, levels far below the
ANSI guide can cause annoying RF shocks/burns and can Interfere with the
operation of electronic equipment.
The metal roof at the Mull an Road School Is grounded to lower the
electric field Inside. The highest current flowing through one of the
ground straps 1s 0.8 ampere. As long as the ground strap remains
continuous, this current poses no danger. However, should the ground
straps weather and break, a serious risk of being burned would exist for
anyone who would contact It.
2. Body currents of over 100 mA were measured In an AM tower climber. These
currents have been related to calculated radial electric fields near the
surface of that tower with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 (Figure 5).
Further studies should be conducted to extend the relationship to
situations beyond a simple quarter-wave guyed tower.
3. Body currents of 0.4 mA were measured using a current-probe technique In
a person standing In a 2 V/m, 630 kHz vertical electric field. The
current Is reduced by about a factor of 2 when one puts on boots.
Although magnetic fields can Induce currents 1n conductive loops that
Include body parts (such as a person swinging on a park swing). It Is
unlikely that strong enough AM magnetic fields will be found In the
environment to Induce significant currents.
25
-------
4. Measurements In the fire lookout tower on Mount Spokane found no location
2
where the power density exceeds the ANSI guideline of 1000 uW/cm at
VHP frequencies when KXLY-FM was broadcasting from Its main antenna.
Nhen the auxiliary antenna was used, however, localized power densities
over the ANSI guide were found In the cab, so use of the main antenna 1s
recommended. The KXLY-FM and KXLY-TV auxiliary antennas can each cause
power densities on the roof of the transmitter building that exceed the
ANSI guideline. The roof area 1s posted for RF hazards. When KXLY FM
and TV operate from the main antennas, the maximum power density found on
2
the ground beneath the antenna tower was 740 uW/cm .
2
5. ' Power densities as high as 2000 uW/cm were found on Mica Peak, the
site of four FM broadcast antennas. Although this Is a remote area, It
Is not fenced.
6. Krell Hill 1s the site of several television and FM radio antennas.
Because those antennas are mounted on high towers, the ground level power
densities are low and not of concern.
7. Broadband RF measuring equipment should be used cautiously to avoid
problems of RF potential sensitivity and nonslnusoldal response. Field
perturbation by the Instrument operator can be significant. Local field
perturbation by conductive objects was demonstrated and remains an open
Issue.
26
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REFERENCES
1. Manttply, Edwin D., An Automated TEM Cell Calibration System. EPA
520/1-84-024, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada,
1984, 112 pp.
2. Welner, M. M., S. P. Cruze, C. L1, and W. J. Wilson. Monopole Elements
on Circular Ground Planes. Artech House, Inc., Norwood, MA 02062.
306 pp.
3. Guy, A. N. Letter to the Environmental Protection Agency concerning the
Federal Radiation Protection Guidance. November 20, 1986, Docket No.
A-81-43-IV-D-61, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
42 pp.
4. Gandhi, 0. P., I. ChatterJee, D. Wu, and Y. Gu. Likelihood of High Rates
of Energy Deposition In the Human Legs at the ANSI Recommended 3-30 MHz
RF Safety Levels. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 73, No. 6. June 1985,
pp. 1145-1147.
5. ANSI C95.1-1982. Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio
Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. 300 kHz to 100 GHz, American National
Standards Institute. Available from the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers. Inc.. New York. NY 10017.
6. Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radlofrequency
Electromagnetic Fields. National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurements, Report No. 86, Bethesda, MD 1986.
7. Federal Radiation Protection Guidance; Proposed Alternatives for
Controlling Public Exposure to Radlofrequency Radiation. Notice of
Proposed Recommendations; Environmental Protection Agency; Federal
Register, Vol. 51, No. 146, Wednesday, July 30, 1986; p. 27318.
8. Galley, P., and R. Tell. An Engineering Assessment of the Potential
Impact of Federal Radiation Protection Guidance on the AM. FM, and TV
Broadcast Services. EPA 520/6-85-011, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Las Vegas. NV, 1985. PB 85-245868.
9. Public Notice, Federal Communications Commission, Petition for Rule
Making, Radlofrequency Radiation Compliance, RM-6081, September 10, 1987.
27
-------
II II
FOISD
FIBER OPTIC
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HP 9B45C
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Figure 1. Automated Measurement System
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44th
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Location Station Frequency
A KISN 690 kHz
(Off map) KKPL 630 kHz
B KJRB 790 kHz
C KXLY 920 kHz
D KZZU 970 kHz
E KEYF 1050kHz
(Off map) KRSS 1230kHz
F KUDY 1280kHz
G KMBI 1330kHz
H KG A 1510kHz
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Figure 3. Mullan Road School, East.Wing Ground Currents
-------
120
110.
100.
9O
80
70.
4
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60.
60.
40.
30.
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Theoretical
Radial Electric Field (V/m)
SO cm from Tower
i i
60 100 160 200 260 3OO 360 400 460 600
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D 1O 80 30 4O 60 60 70 BO OO 1OO 11O 12O
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Figure 4. Tower Climb and Numerical Electromagnetic Cede Modeling Results
-------
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100.
90.
80.
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AM Tower Climb Results
o
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150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Theoretical
Radial Electric Field (V/m)
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Figure 5. Tower Climber Body Current vs. Radial Electric Field
-------
KMBI
A 107. 9 MHZ
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91.1 MHZ
INSTRUMENT
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A TOWER LOCRTION RND FM CflLL SIGN
FREQUENCY
(CRLCULRTED MRXIMUM GROUND uEVEL POWER DENSITY)
• MERSURED POWER DENSITY
INSTRUMENT POWER DENSITY
FOISD 656
NRRDR 6662 PROBE(SN 01006) 820
HOLRDRY 3001(SN 26036) 1200
IFI EFS-KSN 1059) 1100
Figure 6. Mica Peak Towers and Results
-------
Table 1. Spectrum Analyzer Setting for ZOOM Measurements.
Center Frequency 1s Station Frequency. Scale always 1 dB per division
Sweep Time always 20 msec
Band
FM
TV .Video
AM
Resolution
Span Bandwidth
1 MHz 100 kHz
TV Audio 500 MHz 100 kHz
1 MHz
1 kHz
Video
Bandwidth
300 kHz
300 kHz
3 MHz
1 Hz
Measurement Method
Maximum Hold for 2 sec
Read Marker at Center
Frequency
Maximum Hold for 2 sec
Read Marker at Center
Frequency
Single Scan, Peak Search
Read Marker at Peak
Maximum Hold for 2 sec
Peak Search
Read Marker at Peak
-------
TABLE 2. Community Measurement Data Near Spokane AM Radio Towers
Site #
(See Flcmre 2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
FOISD
File Description
ZOGBRn Mullan Road School
Parking Lot
ZOGBRv
ZOGBR2
ZOGBR6
ZOGBSF 63rd and Cook
ZOGBSK 62and and Stone
ZOGBSP Crestline near Lee
(In front of KEY)
ZOGBSV 5517 Perry
ZOGBSc 46th and Pittsburgh
ZOGBSk 50th and Stone
ZOGBSs 2116 55th
ZOGBSz On 44th near Regal
ZOGBTA Palouse and Ferrall
ZOGBTV Ferris High School
Parking Lot
ZOGBTZ 35th and Rebecca
ZOGBTp 63rd Directly South
of KGA East Tower
ZOGBTw 61st at End of
Mt. Vernon
On Cook, aligned with
KGA Towers
62and and Cook
61st and Stone
63rd and Regal
Just North of 63rd
Electric Field
KGA Omnidirectional
FOISD EFS-K1059)
above shoulder
vehicle height
10.3
10.8
11.0
10.6
6.70 5.5
7.51 6.5
7.47
4.57
1.67
4.68
4.09
2.70
5.42
2.28
1.05
43.7
13.9
6.0
6.5
6.5
17.
(V/m)
KGA
Directional
EFS-K1059)
shoulder
helaht
IIC 1 Mil L
HT
13.
13.
13.
12.
3.2
2.3
-------
TABLE 3. Electric Field Values Along the North Side of 63rd Street
Across from the Mullan Road Elementary School
Electric Field* V/m Location 1s Opposite:
9.2 Nest end of school property
14. A point about 40 feet west of main school door
17. Where old and new portions of school join
23. Center of old school building
28. KGA west tower
37. Eastern edge of old school building
37. KGA east tower
9.2 Radial to KGA east tower
0. Tangent to KGH east tower
30. East end of school property
'Unless stated otherwise, all values refer to the vertical component of the
electric field.
-------
TABLE 4. Electric and Magnetic Fields Inside the Mullan Road
Elementary School*
Room
E101
E103
E1Q5
E109
E109A
E117
El ISA
E120
Location
Outside on Playground
Everywhere In Room
Center of Room
East End of Room
Typical Value In Room
Center of Room
Near Ground Wire/Light Switch
Electric Field
(V/m)
12.
<9.2
0.92 to 2.3
Near Electrical Panel
Along Conduit
Typical Value In Room
Throughout Room
Few Feet From Window
Center of Room
Near Sink where Person would stand
Near Ground Hire at Door
Center of Room
Point of Highest E
East End of Room
Nest End of Room
Center of Room 6 Feet High
End of Counter Near Ground Hire
Near Electric Socket on
Window Hall at Floor
Exterior Door, Top
Exterior Door, Center
Along Window
Atop a Table
Center of Room 6-1/2 feet high
8 Inches above Fluorescent Light
Inches above Fluorescents, on
Window Side of Room
<0.92
2.8
2.8 to 3.7
17.
23.
Hall where Old and New Buildings Join
5.5 to 6.9
28.
92.
140.-190.
.92
Magnetic Field
(mA/m)
22.
31.
30.
58.
31.
72.
150.
38.
43.
87.
250.
29.
22.
35.
31.
470.
72.
140.
120
22., 27.
7.2
*See Figure 3 for locations of rooms.
-------
TABLE 5. Measured Body Current on KKPL Tower
Height
(meters)
17
34
51
68
98
112.5
118
Current
(mA)
15
30
40
58
75
104
110
Table 6. Measured and Modeled Radial Electric Fields
Distance from Tower
(cm)
2.5
5.1
15.2
30.5
45.7
61.0
91.4
2.5
15.2
30.5
Height
(meters)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
Measured Field
(V/m)
1170
1170
645
390
254
214
117
390
215
106
Mode lei
(V/r
124
130
134
115
93
77
54
85
90
76
-------
Table 7. Ground Level Body Current near KKPL
Current Body Configuration
(mA)
0.42 standing, 2 bare feet on plate, arms down
0.56 standing, 2 bare feet on plate, arms up
0.56 standing, 2 bare feet on plate, arms out
0.59 standing, 2 bare feet on plate, arms up at 45 degrees
0.40 standing, 2 stocking feet on plate, arms down
0.40 standing, 1 stocking foot on plate, arms down
0.22 standing. 2 booted feet on plate, arms down
0.16 standing, 1 booted foot on plate, arms down
0.28 push-up, 2 bare hands on plate, boots on feet
0.28 push-up, 1 bare hand on plate, boots on feet
0.09 squat. 2 booted feet on plate, arms at sides
-------
Table 8. Maximum Power Densities In the Mt. Spokane Fire Tower.
Values 1n parentheses are with the KXLY-FM auxiliary antenna operating.
Other values are with the main KXLY-FM antenna operating.
Units (yW/cm2)
North
160 430 140 280 51 28
(510) (340) (230) (430) (240) (400)
140 160 170 71 28 91
(340) (71) (71) (200) (220) (110)
430 220 140 48 45 430
(1300) (340) (140) (255) (170) (650)
280 28 43 160 16 430
(430) (370) (280) (140) ( 77) (230)
140 85 110 48 48 430
(120) (280) (180) (120) ( 57) (1600)
170 110 210 100 140 77
(110) (650) (850) (770) (110) ( 71)
South
-------
Table 9. Measurements Made for Instrument Evaluation.
Electric Field as Determined with Several Instruments at a
Single Location Near the Mull an Road School
Instrument V/m
FOISD 24.8
IFI (SN 1060) 29
IFI (SN 1059) 25
Holaday (SN 26038 - no calibration at AM
frequencies)
Operator Kneeling 95*
Operator Standing 60*
Narda 8616 (SN 20049)
with 8662 E probe (SN 01008)
Operator Kneeling 290*
Operator Standing 160*
•These readings were excessively high because of RF potential sensitivity (see
text for discussion).
-------
Table 10. Operator Perturbation of Field Values with Probe
Remaining Stationary on Top of Dielectric Support.
Magnetic Field Electric Field
A/m V/m
Observer Standing
to the N .098 95
S .126 96
E .132 100
N .115 96
Reference Value .121 96
Observe Squatting
to the N .104 95
S .147 99
E .132 96
M .121 92
Reference Value .121 97
Table 11. Operator Perturbation of Field Values Under Normal
Field Conditions - I.e. Operator Holding Probe and Meter.
Probe Placed at Same Location for Each Measurement.
Electric Field
V/m
Observer Standing to the S 88
SW 88
H 87
NH 83
N 82
NE 80
E 86
SE 86
S 85
-------
APPENDIX A
Instrument Calibration Data
-------
1.10
IFI MODEL EFS-1 SN 1059E CALIBRATION DATA WITH SPLINE FIT
July 15, 1987
W
H
2
E
1.08
1.06.
1.04.
1.02
1.00.
0.98.
0.96
0.94
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
Scale Switch
Down Up
I
o
fi
§
T
N
I
N
N
i
8
-------
IFI MODEL EFS-1 SN 1060E CALIBRATION DATA WITH SPLINE
July 15, 1987
FIT
1.31.
Long Element
Medium Element
Short Element
-------
03/20/87 1:01 PM
U
ffl
Holaday HI-3001 SN 26038 E Green SN 086GR
-I -
-2
8,15
-0.0lO.Bia.810.010-830. B10.es
-0.15 '
-a.-12
(I I)
_^ -0.43
-0.590.SS0.5§0.390.590'S "0>5G -
e.0i
-B.19Q.I30.13
-0.28
-D.4Q
-B. 75
0.33
-0.760.76(3. 75
-0.92
-1.09
50 96 136 1?B 816 256
Frequency (MHz)
E9B
-------
os/se/en 3:0?
Holiday HI-3002 SN 33182, STE-02 Red SN 426HF
t.
O
L.
L.
LJ
m
e -
-i
11
0.80
6.73
0.5-1
10 23 30 40 SB 60 ?Q 80 30 100
Frequency CMHz i
-------
09/17/87 ii19 PM
L.
o
L.
n
•o
Narda 8616 SN 24262 H B631 SN 17136 «
-I
(0
- - ^™ £
ID
El
• . W
d • in J-
r>
• ^^ BD ^™* MI*
9 • 6 yj v
i> i
^^ •
. PI JL -L
(D B N [N. J.
• (Q ^9 ^^
Tt • -I J_ J-
B (B • m CD J.
i i B IJ — m «
a
B
»
i
i ' «Q fi
20 30 80 110 140 170 200 £90 260
Frequency (MHz)
-------
03/2B/8B A-. A? PM
Narda 8616 SN 20049, E Probe 6662 SIM 01 BOS
t.
O
LJ
CQ
•o
0 -
-I
!£ n • rn —
«
B o
m _; —
in
•*«;
.
n>n>®®G>
s -
«
m
0
,,
a
^: i
l>k
•
D
I
10
40 70 100 130 1B0 190 220 230 260 313
Frequency (MHz)
-------
Manufacturer's Calibration Data Reproduced here
but not used 1n the Report
Narda Microwave Corporation
Model Number 8631
H Field Equivalent Power Density
Calibration Date: 10/86
Serial Number 17136
(Multiply by Indicated Correction Factor to Obtain Actual mW/cm2)
Frequency Correct Frequency Correct
(MHz) Factor (MHz) Factor
10.00
13.56
27.12
40.68
50.00
75.00
1.227
1.026
0.911
0.934
0.953
1.020
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
1.054
1.091
1.098
1.085
0.972
Narda Microwave Corporation
Model Number 8662 Serial Number 01008
E Field Equivalent Power Density
(Multiply by Indicated Correction Factor to Obtain Actual mW/cm2)
Frequency Correct Frequency Correct
(MHz) Factor (MHz) Factor
0.
0,
1,
3,
30
50
00
00
13.56
.663
.539
.401
.235
.171
27.12
40.68
100.00
200.00
300.00
1.1??*
1.0??*
0.8??*
0.872
0.891
*? Indicates calibration marking on probe unreadable.
-------
49
50
n
-Q
U
O
**
u
a
-------
62
58
j
58 .
Id •
.r
S4
4
sn .
^•1
•S
^ -« .
~«
^^
1 1 1
-U-
I 1 1
BAN u 1 •
1 1 1
5 .l« J7 .It .!• ,*O .21 .22 .23 .24 .2S .26 .27 .26 .29 .30
t
I JO .32 J4 J>6 ..'8
•—
— —
—
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/4 j<6
—
—
--
.««
--
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—
•
•~
•^«
^*
SOS
-44-1
4=U
-BAUD Z
I 1 1
) J2 .54 J6 .58
-
--
—
JJ-
H-!-
3* un ^
-J.-I...
Mi
.49
•<
M M .t4 .68 .72 ..'« JM .84 J8 .SI .«« I.OQ 1.04 l.CJ D2 US
SO
t
•
•
•
10 l*2O L3O I.4O I.SO 160 I.TO 1.80 1.90 t
INO
DO MO 2J
•"^
4 -
tO 2.2
48
44
2
'.4
10
4
10
IB
1C .
8.
:6
2,
'
All
•ATI
J 2*2 2 4 z'.6 2 J
.1 4.3
m^tffM
— •*
— •"
9
a»
JO 3.3
0 as 9.0 9.3 AO 10.3 ILO
16.0 17.0 H
8RATEO BY:
.. MAR 11
IJO I9j0 20-0^^9. 2
— — -__
30 SJZ 3.4
34
3.8
4
Gu
JU
0
^
~n
i
\NO 5 -
l_L.|_L,
4.2 4.
"nil
111!'
AND 6 -
1 1 1
«A 6,3 7.0 7.3 8.0 B.<
'""
— — • —
, , «»
ILS 12.0 I2.S 13.0 US 14.0 14.3 13.0 1
Z.O 2S£ 24jO IS
FREQUENCY -MC
FOR
}*19 SERIA
•
1 — ^
4--
33
••R-
&N
i
rpi
>7-
»JO 16.
3 fl«-i
1 .
kO 264) 27.0 .28.0 29.O 30.0 31.0 32.
/s
S'ES 92200-3 LOOP ANTENNA
L NO. 459
r/.«co, CHART 4 - CORRECTION FACTORS , REMOTE LOOP ANTENNA
Eaton Loop Antenna
-------
CALIBRATING ENGINEER
DATE
CURRENT PROM »1SSO-1
Sf RIAL NO.: * *"
J .4 .1 » I l >
FREQUENCY IN MEGAHERTZ
10 20 30 «0 tO n> 100
-------
CURRENT METER CALIBRATION*
Current Meter
Actual Current Reading
mA mA
0 -15
15 0
29.8 15
40.2 36
57.9 55
77.0 75
101.4 100
119.4 120
'Meter zero Is shifted negative.
-------
APPENDIX B
Program ZOOM Listing
-------
It)
2U
3d
40
•ill
6(1
'/(I
BO
VO
1(1 (J
no
IL'll
130
140
ISO
16U
IV (I
180
190
200
210
220
24(1
240
250
260
270
2 til)
290
300
310
3i'0
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
ZUOM — OV/15/06 — 07/10/86 e&t -- CSC jt
finds power deri'.jtieb u'iing selected
of Frt s-idiiori-j, IV stations,, and Ad •,
set up for FULSD mt>asurE»nE*n ts
kequir et>
sc=7,ifl HPBS6f>A Spectrun Analyzer
s<--"/,?3 Max ut J L SMC-£OLJA Steppii.g
Slo-Syn Stepping Rotater
f requeue j Pb
to 1 ion<->
Motor ConiroJ li"r
Daid._m-iUb* Defineb MASS SIURAC.L DEVICE for DAI A
OPTION BASF 1
Dd \a MSU!»*-" h "
PK1N1LK JS 16
i
DEI' FNPower (SHORI X) = 10" (X/10 >
i
DIM MdescirUOJ,Lans_fn«(50)l4],Cdlls_tv«(50)[4),Cdlls_an»rbO)(4J
i
' FM _f TV Video _v TV Audio _a
i
SHORT Freqz f(50),Afact f(50),Table f(3,
SHORT rr«-i|z_w<50),Arar.t_w<'iO) ,7able_v<3,
SHORT Freq/~a<50) ,Afact a(50), Table a(3,
SHORT FreqzIs
-------
620 '
6.4(1 ' SPOKANF UASH1NGTIJN
640 DATA 0
6SO ' DATA KREM,KXLY,KHG ,KSPS,KAYU
660 ' DATA 55 24,67 24,83 24,175 26,55s f'4
670 ' DATA 59 74,71 74,87 74,179 76,559 74
680
6V0 AM DATA Nunber of frequencies (kHz), Calls, Freqs
700 To ignore AM, the first DATA must bf 0
and the calls & frequencies connented out
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
720
7 A u
740 i DATA 10
7bl) i DATA KDUN,KXXX,KORK,KNUU,KMJJ,KEZD,KXXX,KRAM,KUEG,KEND
760 ' DAIA 720,870,920,970,1140,1230,1280,1340,1410,1460
7VII i SPOKANF, WASHINGTON
'/bU DAIA 10
7VO DATA KI_SN,KPPL,KJkB,KXLY,KZ£U,KEYF,KRSS,KUDY,KMBI,KGA
800 DATA 590,630,790,920,970,1050,1230,1280,1330,1510
BIO i
BL-Mi DAIA 20 i FOISD Full Scale war Fss
830 DATA 0 ' Starting reference level (dBn) var Rl
840 i
8bO ' READ IN DATA
860 >
8VO RFAD NFnf
8BO IF Nfnf=0 1HEN Kedd nrvf
890 hAT READ Calls_f n* (Nf nf ) ,Freqz_f (Nf nf )
900 REDIM Afact f
960 Read_nanf '
970 READ Nanf
980 IF Nanf=0 THEN Fstirl
990 MAT READ Calls an*(Nanf ) ,Frerjz s(Nanf)
1000 REDIM AfacT_s(Nanf),Table_s(3,Nanf >
1010 Fssrl i
1020 READ Fss,Rl
1030 *
1040 i END READING IN DATA
1050 >
111 60 P*(1) = MX"
1070 P*(2)-"Y"
10BO P«(3)="Z"
1090 TYPEWRITER ON
1100 EDIT "Enter Measurenent Descr ipt ion" ,Mdesc*
1110 TrPEWRITER OFF
1120 GOSUB Foisd
1130 '
1131 OUTPUT 723, "X=0 A=200 S=1SO C=0"
1140 FOR 1=1 TO 3
1150 i
1160 i FM station Measurements
1170 '
1180 IF Nfnf=0 THEN Dotv
1190 OUTPUT 718, "RC8 SP1MZ RB100KZ HD HI" ! Initial State - FM
1200 FOR J=l TO Nfnf
-------
IL'IU i Set MARKER to CENTER FREQUENCY
1220 ' Find approximate power in 10 dB/DIV
1LJ3U OUTPUT 718, "Al CF",Freqz fr
1270 i Set REFERENCE LEVEL bo MKR is 5 dP below RFF
1280 ' Change SCALE dB/DIV to 1 dB, Set MAX HDI I)
1L'90 OUTPUT 718,"RL",INT+5,"DM LGlDb HD A) A? "
1300 UAH ?OOU i 2 second MAX HOLD
1310 OUTPlll 718, "03 MA"
1320 ENIEk 718, Table? f < J",J )
1330 PKIN1 USINL; Shown, "FM -> " ,P*eqz f ( J ) , INKMdrker )-»5,Tdt.le f\ J , J )
1340 NEXT J
13SO Dotu i
1360 i
1370 ' TV wjdeo neasurenents
1380 '
13VO IF Ntwf=U THEN Doan
1400 OUTPUT 718, "RCB SPOMZ HD HI" i Initial State - IV video
1410 FOR J=l TO Ntuf
1420 ' Find approxinate power in 10 dH/DIV
1430 OUTPUT 718, "Al CF",Freqz v(J),"MZ RL",R1,"DM LGlODb Ai rt2"
1440 OUTPUT 718, "£1"
1450 OUTPUT 718, "03 MA"
1460 ENTER 718, Marker
14'XO ' Set REFLKENCE LEVEL so MKR is 5 OH below REF
1480 ' Change SCALE dB/DIV to i OB, Set MAX HOLD
1490 OUIPUT 718,"RL",INT ,Freqz v (J> , TNT(Harker )t-5, Table v(I,J)
1540 NEXT J
Ib&O ' TV audio neasurenents
1570 *
1SBO OUTPUT 718, "RCB SP500KZ RB100KZ HD Bl" ' Initial State - IV audio
1590 FOR J-l TO Ntwf
1600 i Set MARKER to CENTER FREQUENCY
1610 * Find approxinate power in 10 dB/DIV
1620 OUTPUT 718, "Al CF",Freqz a(J),"MZ M2 RL",R1,UDM LG10DB Al A2"
1630 WAIT 300 ' 3 second MAX HOLD
1640 OUTPUT 718, "03 MA"
1650 ENTER 718, Marker
1660 i Set REFERENCE LEVEL so MKR is 5 dP below REF
1670 ' Change SCALE dB/DIV to 1 dP, Set MAX HOLD
1680 OUTPUT 718)>>KI.",INT(Marker)+5,"DM LG1DB HD Al A2 "
1690 UAIT 2000 i 2 second MAX HOLD
1700 OUTPUT 718, "03 MA"
1710 ENTER 718, Table a(I,J)
1720 PRINT USING Shown, "TV Aud " ,P$ ( I ) ,Freqz a(J) , INT(Marker )+5, Table aU,J>
1730 NEXT J
1740 Doan '
1750 *
1760 * AM station neasurenents
1770 '
1VBO IF Nanf=0 THEN Position
1V90 OUTPUT 718, "RCB SPOHZ RB1KZ HD Bl" ' Initial State - AM
1800 FOR J=l TO Nanf
-------
1010 ' find approxinate power in 10 dB/DJV
1820 OUTPUT yiU,"Ai Cf",Freqz_s(J),"KZ Rf^l/'DM LGiODb VhlOHZ Al "
1H30 UAH 300
1840 OUTPUT 718,"A?"
1850 WAIT 300
1860 OUTPUT 718, "ETt"
1H70 OUTPUT 718f."03 MA"
1880 ENTER 71fJ,Marker
1B90 ' Set REFERENCF LEVEL so MKR is S dfl below RFF
1900 ' Chdnge SCALE dB/DIV TO 1 dB, Set HAX HOLD
1910 OUTPUT 718,"KL1',INT(Markpr)+2,"DM LG1DB VB1HZ HI) A1 AIJ "
1920 WAIT ?OOI)
1V30 OUTPUT 718,"El"
1940 OUTPUT 7lB,"03 Mfl"
19*>0 ENTER 71B,Tablt?_s(I,J>
196(1 PRINT USING Showk,"AM ->",P*(I),Freqz s(J),INTlMarker)+5,Tablt)_s(J,J )
1970 NEXT J
1980 '
1990 Position ' Rotates probe 120,-240,1?0 degrees
2000 IF 1=1 THEN OUTPUT 723,"D=-667"
2010 IF 1=2 THEN OUTPUT 723,"D=667"
2011 IF 1=3 THEN OUTPUT 723,"D=0"
2020 DISP "ROTATING
2100 WAIT 10000
2110 DISP
2120 NEXT I
2130 Shown IMAGE 6A," Axis ",A," Freq ",4D DD," (MHz) Ref Lev ",I)DD DD,
11 "
2140 Showk IMAGE 6A," Axis ",A," Freq ",4D DD," (kHz) Kef Leu ",1)1)0 1)1),
" (d*n) Power ",DDD DD," (dbn)"
21SO !
2160 ' initialize and print table header
2170 i
21 HO Simpd=0
21VO Su«pd_f=Bnnpd_v=SuMpd_a=0
2200 SunpO 5=0
2210 PRINTER IS 0
2220 PRINT USING Idl.Mdesc*
2230 PRINT USING Id2,Fss,Date*,Tine*
2240 '
2250 I FM data
2260 '
2270 IF Nfnf=0 THEN Video
2260 PRINT USING Fntitle
2290 PRINT USING Coll
2300 PRINT USING t'olL3
2310 PRINT USING Col3n
2320 FOR 1=1 TO Nfnf
2330 Total MU=FNPower(Table f(1,I))+FNPower(Table f(2,I))+FNPower(Table f(3,l
»
2340 Total dbn=10*LGT
2360 Pd=(10A(Ff/20)/lE6>"2/3.77
2370 Sunpd f=Sunpd f+Pd
2380 PRINT~USING Ffn,Calls_fn*(I),Freqz_f(I),Table_f(1,I),Table_f(2,I),IrtMe_
f(3,I>,Total dbn,Afact f
-------
2430 '
2440 Video '
24SII IF Ntvf=U THEN An st.it
2460 PRINT USING VidtiTle
2470 PRINT USJNG Vid_dt,1
24UO PRINT USING Coll
2490 PRIN1 USING CoI2
2SOO PRINT USING Col3n
2510 FOR 1^1 TO Ntvf
2520 loTal_nu=FNPower(Table_«(i>I))+FNPower(Table_w<2lI))+FNPower(Tdb]e_v(.J,l
))
i'530 Total_dbn-10*Lr>T< Iotal_nw>
2i»40 ' video" only - subtract 4 dH for RhS electric field
2550 Ef=TotaJ dbn+107+Afact v(I>-4
2560 Pd-(10*_« (1,1) ,Tahlfc>_« (2,1) , l.a,] «_
v<3,l>,Total dbn,ftfdct_w ,Freqz_a (I) ,Table_a (1,1) ,Tab Je_a (2,1) ,1 ah Je_
a(3,I),Total_dbn,Afact_apd_a
2810 PRINT USING~Line
2U20 PRINT USING TtwfM,Sur»pd,Squared*,Squared$,Sunpd*3 77
2830 i
2040 ! Art datd
2850 i
2860 An stat• '
2870 IF Nanf=0 THEN File_&dve
2880 PRINT USING Antitle
2890 PRINT USING Coll
2700 PRINT USING Col2
2910 PRINT USING Col3k
2V20 FOR 1=1 TO Nanf
PV30 Total nw=FNPower (Table s( 1,1 »+FNPower (Table_s<2,I »+FNPower (Tab) e_t.(3,1
))
2940 Total dbn=10*LGT(Total nw)
2950 Ef=lotal_dDn+107*Afact s
2V6U Pd=<10"(Ef/20)/lE6)"2/3 77
2970 Sunpd_s=Sunpd_s+Pd
-------
2980 PRINT USING Fan.Crf I ls_an» ,Freqz_s ,Tablf>_s< 1,1 > ,Table_s(2, i >, I ,.i-It
s<3,] >,Total_dlir,,Afdc t_s(l >,Ef,h'ri
2VVII NFXI I
311UO PRINT USJNR To ta I ,R (dBn> (riXn) (dbn) Dl;
DDD
3160 Ftv IMAGF 1X,4A,3X,4D DD^X^CDDZ DI),1X),4D DI),3X,DDD DD,5X,DIM> I)I),1X^,1) [>
DDUD
3170 Fan IMAGF 1X,4A,6X,4D,4X ,3< DDZ DD,iX),4D DD,3X,DDD DD,5X,DDD DD^IX^H Dnbl>
D
3180 Total IMAKE 71X," "//3BX,"Total Power Density ",tn lUibD
D//3BX, "Total F.Jertric Field (V/n) ",5D DDDBI)
3190 Nute4 JMAGF /7X,"» 4 db subtracted fron peak electric field to obtdii, KML>
electric field"
3200 Line IflAGF 71X," "
3210 Ttwfn IMAGE 71X," 11//32X,"TW & FM Power Density ",5
D DDDDD//32X,"TV t> FM Electric Field (V",A, "/«" , A, ") n,5D DDDUD
3220 *
3230 * SAVE DATA TO FILE
3240 '
3250 File save '
3260 PRINTER IS 16
3270 Yorn«="Y"
3280 INPUT "Do You Wish To Save The Data? YES or Nnu,Yorn*
3290 IF Yorn*O"Y" THEN No_save
3300 CALL Flip nane(Date*,Tine*,"ZO",File*>
3310 ASSIGN *1 TO Filet&Data nsus*,Ret_code
3320 IF Ret_code<)i THEN File*=Flie*[ij51&"i"
3330 ASSIGN *1 TO *
3340 CREATE File>$4Datd_n-;us*,25
3350 ASSIGN *1 TO FlletiData_M&us*
3360 PRINT *llMdesc»,Datc*,TineCalls_f«*(*>,Freqz_f<*),Afact_f(»),Table f(»>,Sun
pd_f
3390 PRINT *i,Ntwf
3400 IF NtvfOO THEN PRINT *1 ,Cal ls_t v* (*> ,Freqz_v <* > , Af ac t_v< * > ,Table_w < * >, Sun
pd v
3410 IF NtvfOO THEN PRINT *l,Freqz a(*),Afact a<*>,Table a(*),Sunpd a
3420 PRINT »i,Nanf
3430 IF NanfOO THEN PRINT «i ,Calls_an*<*> ,Freqz_s<*),Afact_s(*) ,Table_s(*> ,Sun
pd_s
-------
.4440 HRIN1ER IS 0
34bO PRIN1 "l-jle Nane ",FiJe«.
3460 No save '
3470 PR1N1ER IX 16
34BO DISP "PRllGkAM UlirtPl.FlE "
34VO END
3510 Foisd '
3520 Atten ex = ()
3530 IF Fss = l THEN Atlen_ex=-39
3S4U JF Fss=2 THEN Atten ex=-33
3550 IF Fss=5 THEN AT ten e*=-?.1., 6
3S60 Sp»="D"
3b70 IF Fi,s=i AND (Sp*="D11) THEN Atten_ex=-20 I'b
3SVO IF (Fss=iO> AND (Sp»="U") THEN Atten ex=-19 6
3600 IF Fss=20 THEN Atten_ex=-13 95
3610 IF Fss=5U THEN Atten ex=-6 OS
3620 '
3630 IF (Atten exOO) OR (Kss = lUO> THEN 3670
3640 DISP "INVALID SCALE SETTING RETRY"
36SO SI OP
3660 IF Nf«f=0 THEN Anttv
3670 FOR Index=l TO NfnF
3680 F=Freqz f(Index)
3690 IF F<320" THEN Afflct_f( Index )=50 4
3VOO IF F>=320 THEN Afact f(Index)=55 23- 0?7636*F+3 7033E-5*F*F
3710 Afact_f(Index)=Afaci_f(Index)+Atten_ex
3720 NEXT lndt>x
3730 Anttv '
3740 IF Ntuf=0 THEN Antdn
3750 FOR Index=l TO Ntvf
3760 F=Freq? v(Index)
3770 IF F<32lT THEN Afact v(Index)=50 4
3780 IF F>=3?0 THEN AfacT_w(Index)=SS 23- 027636*F+3 7033E-S*F*F
3790 Afact_v(Index>-Afact_v(Index>+Atten_ex
3800 F=Freq7 a(Index)
3810 IF F<3?0~ THEN Afact a(lndex)=50 4
3Q20 IK F>=320 THEN AfacT_a(Index)=55 23- 027636*F+3 7033E-5*F*F
3830 Afact d(Index)=Afact_a(lndex)+Atten_ex
3U40 NEXT Index
3850 Antan '
3H60 IF Nanf=U THEN Goback
3870 FDR lndex=l TO Ndnf
3880 F=Freqz s(Index)/l000 ! AH in kHr
3890 IF F<320 THEN Afact s(Index)=50 A
3900 IF F>=3?0 THEN AfacT_s( Index)=55.23- 027636*F+3 7033E-5*F*F
3910 Afact_s(Index)=Afact_s(Index)+Atten_ex
3920 NF.XT Index
3930 Goback. '
3V40 RETURN
3950 *
3V60 SUB Get_date tine(Year*,Date$,Tihe*)
3970 DIM Date_tTne*[14],Aorp*[lJ
3V80 INTEGER Hour
3990 OUTPUT 9,"Request tine"
-------
4000 bNTER V,Date tine$
4(110 Ih (I)ate_tiniB»l 1 J2] = "88") OR (FRRN=lfc3> THEN Clock err
4U20 Ddie*-I)die_Tine*[l,2]4"/"4Date_Tifie*t4,2U"/"4Yedr(l.
4(130 Hour=Vftl (Ddte_t ine*[7,21 )
4040 Aorpl-"A"
4050 IF Hour>ll THEN Aorp»="P"
4060 IT (Hour > 11.') .OR THEN Hour=ABS
4080 IF H?ur "iAorpil 1 ] i"H "
4100 SLJbEXIT
4110 Clock_err '
4i:jO INPUT 'Tlock Malfunction, Enter Ddte MM/DD/YY" .Date*
4130 INPUT "Enter Tine HH MM xfl",TiMe*
4140 SUBEND
4150 i
4160 SUB File nane26 THEN Day*=CHR*(70*Day)
4230 IF AND
4280 IF hinute>25 THFN Minute*=CHR*(71+Minute>
4290 IF Minute>51 THEN Minute*=CHR*
-------
APPENDIX C
Detailed Narrowband Results
-------
File Narie ZOGB07
Site 1 repent
FOISI) Full Scale Setting LJ0st
FOISD Full Scale Setting ?OU'/n)
07/02/87
5-39 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px Py
(dbn) (dBn)
-37
-63
-33
-32
-47
-28
-66
-44
-37
-8
.41 -34
.35 -61
12 -30
.85 -30
59 -45
58 -24
.72 -63
.54 -43
.23 -36
.40 -7
76
97
09
25
32
.53
80
.01
21
.56
Pr
(dBn)
-36
-62
-31
-32
-47
-26
-66
-45
-37
-8
.81
.54
.92
56
.54
.85
.03
.04
31
.32
lotal
Power
(dBn)
-31.40
-57.81
-26.76
-26.95
-41.91
-21 56
-60.56
-39.34
-32.12
-3.31
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36 45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
112
85
116
116
101
121
82
104
111
140
(V/M)
.05
.64
.69
.50
.54
89
89
.11
.33
.14
:
Pow(?r
Den S3 ( y
(uU/cn"2>
04L"il
00010
J 2.^05
11R43
0(M7fl
40950
oonni;
006U4
.n:v.06
27 4P378
28 16491
10 30445
-------
File Nane ZOGBRu
Site i Vehicle Facing North
FOISD Full Scale Setting 20(V/n>
07/02/87
5 47 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KFYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBT
KGA
Frequenc y
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1200
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-38
-63
-33
-34
-49
-29
-68
-46
-38
-9
68
92
.99
.3ft
05
44
.06
12
46
.30
F'y
(dBn)
-34 65
-60 95
-30 41
-30 07
-44 72
-25 79
-63 85
-41.78
-34.73
-6 02
Pr
(d
-35
-62
-30
-31
-45
-25
-64
-43
-36
-8
Bn)
.85
73
83
12
98
35
3V
80
83
32
Tolal
Power
(dBn)
-31 32
-57 59
-26 71
-26 73
-41 46
-21 74
-60.30
-3R 80
-31 63
-2 . 80
Total Power
Total Flectr
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36.45
Density •
ic Field 1
Electric
Fielrt
(dBuV/n)
112
85.
116
116
101
121
83
104
111
140
13
86
74
72
99
71
15
65
82
57
Power
Dens i I y
07/02/87
5 5P PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1(150
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-38
-64
-33
-34
-49
-28
-67
-46
-39
-10
.66
79
41
08
03
32
42
.84
.44
.60
Py
Pz
(dBn) (dBn)
-35.
-61.
-31
-31.
-46.
-27.
-65
-42
-35.
-6.
81 -34.
02 -61
35 -30.
39 -30
16 -45.
15 -25.
19 -64.
93 -42.
36 -35
25 -6.
94
65
80
59
17
82
03
41
35
76
Total
Power
(dBn)
-31.43
-S7 43
-26 95
-27.01
-41 73
-22 21
-60 56
-3B.B9
-31.57
-2.72
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density =
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n)
1<2
86
116
116
101
121
82
104
111
140
(V/n)
02
0?
50
44
.72
24
.89
.56
.88
73
i
Ppupr
Dons i t y
(uUI/cnA2)
04;»??
onun
1 1 Fu.r-
116U1
00394
3^327
00 005
0075H
(140FI9
31 .41165
32 09514
10 99994
-------
File Nane ZOGBR6
Site i Vehicle racing South
FOISD Full Scale Setting 20(V/n)
07/02/87
5 5ft PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KtYr
KRSS
KUDY
KMKI
KUA
F-requency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
12HD
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-37
-64
-32
-32
-47
-27
-65
-45
-38
-9
.13
20
.63
67
60
18
96
17
21
74
Py Pz
(dBn) (dBn)
-36
-61
-31
-31
-46
-26
-65
-44
-36
-7
28 -35
95 -61
22 -31
88 -31
86 -46
22 -27
.17 -65
45 -43
86 -35
75 -6
90
45
.69
51
38
36
32
.29
73
50
Total
Power
(dBn)
-31 64
-57.61
-27 04
-27 22
-42 15
-22 12
-60 70
-39 46
-32 05
-3 03
Total Power
Antenna
Fac t or
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
Density =
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
111
85
116
116
101
121
82
103
111
140
81
84
41
23
30
33
75
99
40
.42
Total Electric Field (V/n) •
Dens i t y
(uU/cn»2)
04(t.?n
00010
Hftl4
1112R
OOJ5H
3ft OJ5
00005
00664
036 ft'.
29.2P941
29 90450
10 61791
File Nane ZOGUSF
Site 2 Intersection of 63rd and Cook
FOISD Full Scale Setting 20(V/n)
07/02/87
6. OS Ph
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KHBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-40
-65
-38
-36
-49
-26
-67
-43
-38
-13
34
56
50
.22
.13
.11
97
.52
.98
.21
Py
(dBn)
-37 79
-63 65
-35 54
-34 02
-47 10
-23 16
-64 90
-41.00
-37.06
-11.48
Pz
(dBn)
-40
-63
-30
-37
-48
-23
-64
-41
-36
-11
.10
.06
.37
40
.88
.67
60
25
.76
.55
Total
Power
(dBn)
-34 . 48
-59.19
-32.47
-30. 8B
-43 . 50
-19.36
-60 81
-37.01
-32 72
-7.24
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36 45
36.45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36.45
Density :
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
108
84
110
112
99
124
82
106
110
136
(U/M)
97
2ft
9Q
57
.95
09
.64
.44
.73
.21
.
Powrr
Den s i t y
(uU/cn-2)
OP093
00007
U3J23
04796
002ft2
67949
.00005
.01168
.03135
11 00652
11.91389
6.70189
-------
File Nane ZOGBSK
Site 3
FOISD Full Scale Setting 20(V/n>
07/02/87
& 10 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-39
-67
-40
-35
-50
-26
-69
-43
-37
-11
73
98
.84
48
.01
28
18
.44
47
42
Py P?
(dBn) (dBn)
-37.
-66
-39
-32
-47
-23
-66
-41
-35.
•H.O
47 -37
19 -66
58 -35
82 -32
43 -48
83 -22
80 -66
24 -42
17 -36
93 -11
53
93
78
49
37
.59
04
.13
31
81
Total
Power
(dBn)
-33 35
-62 20
-33 40
-28 64
-43 71
-19 21
-62 38
-37 41
-31 44
-6 20
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36 4=!
36.45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 4S
Density
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
110
81
110
114
99
124
81
106.
112
137.
(V/n):
10
25
05
81
74
24
07
04
01
25
Powrr
Den«;i \ y
(uU/cn*2>
OP7J3
00004
o;j6n?
OR0.37
nnr'so
704f>2
00003
01067
04P09
14 OJS830
14 96P56
7 51058
File Nane- ZOGBSP
Site 4 In Front of KEY
FOISD Full Scale Setting- 20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 15 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPf'L
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-39.
-67.
-32.
-35
-51.
-12.
-68
-47.
-41.
-20.
95
03
09
82
70
77
36
38
91
14
Py
(dBn)
-38 02
-64 99
-29 67
-33 92
-49 24
-10 79
-65 . 77
-44.85
-40.48
-18.52
Pz
(dBn)
-38
-65
-29
-33
-49
-11
-65
-45
-40
-19
19
.55
41
.67
94
.16
.90
.55
.58
64
Total
Power
(dBn)
-33 87
-61 00
-25.46
-29.60
-45 40
-6.7P
-61 75
-41 03
-36 17
-14.61
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density:
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n)
109
82
117
113
98
136
81
102
107
128
(V/n)
.58
.45
99
85
05
.73
.70
.42
.28
.84
i
PowF'r
Den&i t y
(uU/cM*2)
.0?410
onoos
1 A696
06439
001*9
12 49033
.00004
00463
.01417
2 03156
14 79782
7.46912
-------
File Nane- ZOGBSV
Site 5 5517 Berry
FOISD Full Scale Setting. 20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 21 PM
Cal]
Si gn
KLSN
KPPL
KJRP
KXLY
KZZU
KFYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
frequenc y
(kH7)
590
63(1
790
920
970
1050
U'30
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-36
-65
-16
-34
-62
-34
-64
-47
-41
-28
7 A
44
77
64
89
40
46
46
11
44
Py
(dBn)
-33 34
-62 61
-13 86
-31.45
-59 82
-32 97
-60 91
-44 02
-38 10
-26 59
Pz
(dPn)
-36
-65
-16
-34
-62
-35
-62
-46
-41
-29
02
14
26
12
60
86
62
94
21
.34
Total
Power
(dBn)
-30 33
-59 43
-10.66
-28 40
-56 77
-29 4H
-57 65
-41 09
-35 11
-23 20
Total Power
Antenna
Fac tor
(dEO
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
113
84
132
115.
86
113
85
102
108
120.
(V/n) :
12
0?
79
OS
68
97
80
36
34
25
Powiv
npns i 1 y
(uW/cn"2)
.Ori4?ri
00007
5 O.W40
00494
0001 L.'
0^.617
(1 0010
OH457
n ui on
2flll3
5 54f.9.J
4 57296
File Nane- ZOGBSc
Site 6 Pittsburg and 46th
FOISD Full Scalp Setting- 20(V/n)
07/02/87
6 2H
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KFYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Py Py
(dbn) (dBn)
-35
-68
-33
-31
-60
-38
-65
-43
-40
-30
.17 -31
24 -64
03 -30
34 -27
69 -56
23 -34
.71 -63
32 -39
80 -37
58 -26
37
.21
38
31
32
95
17
32
.05
75
Pz
(dBn)
-32
-66
-32
-29
-58
-37
-63
-41
-38
-29
72
10
.79
61
13
.56
.5H
.40
.99
.66
Total
Power
<
-------
File Nane ZOGBSk
Site 7 Stone and 50th
FOISD Full Scale Setting 20(V/n>
07/02/87
6-36 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRS5
KLIDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1 330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-29
-63
-31
-17
-Si
-31
-63
-40
-39
-23
89
70
62
.71
.39
92
15
25
30
.86
Py
(dBn)
-27 38
-60 97
-29.48
-14 93
-48 69
-29.35
-61 09
-37.27
-36.il
-21 09
Pz
(dBn)
-28
-62
-31
-16
-49
-30
-6i
-30
-37
-22
62
28
05
54
89
91
91
85
76
80
Total
Powpr
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 4S
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
Densi ty .
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
119
86
117
131
98
117
86
109
110
125
(V/n)
71
.05
60
90
.37
.62
.25
61
69
79
Pownr
Den 51 Ty
240 1H
00011
1 52f<9
4 10327
0 0 1 P?
.15351
00011
OP427
.03111
1 00616
5 80i?4
4.67661
File Nane ZOGBSs
Site 8 55th Awe. Between Crestline and Regal
FOISD Full Scale Setting 20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 44 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-34
-66
-34
-26
-43
-29
-63
-40
-36
-18
.23
.41
39
72
.82
92
08
.30
.41
.94
Py
(dBn)
-31.54
-63 49
-32 25
-24.35
-41 10
-27 91
-61 08
-37.51
-33.08
-16 39
Pz
(dBn)
-30.
-66
-32
-25.
-39.
-28.
-59.
-38.
-37.
-16
92
00
86
56
33
69
33
58
40
48
Total
Power
(dBn)
-27.24
-60.33
-28.31
-20.66
-36.27
-23.99
-56.13
-33.80
-30.45
-12.35
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36.45
36.45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density :
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
116
83
115
122
107
119
87
109
113
131
(V/n)
.21
.12
14
.79
.18
.46
.32
.57
.00
.10
:
Power
Deri si t y
(uW/cn'2)
110P4
00005
. 00671
50J71
.013P4
23415
00014
.02403
05298
3 41747
4 44394
4.09312
-------
File Nane ZOGBSz
Site 9 44th and Regal
FOI5D Full Scale Setting 20(V/n>
07/02/87
6 51 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KF'PL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KLYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-25
-64
-40
-28
-44
-41
-64
-28
-32
-27
22
31
.41
73
90
62
20
.11
.70
.31
Py
(dBn)
-23 10
-61 76
-38.81
-26 87
-43 09
-39 31
-61 97
-24.65
-29 44
-24.40
Pz
(dPn)
-23
-63
-41
-2B
-41
-42.
-63
-28.
-33
-28.
86
77
03
15
69
06
75
93
19
85
Total
Power
(dBn)
-19 20
-58 36
-35 21
-23 07
-38 26
-36 OS
-58.42
-22.04
-26 67
-21 6B
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
36.45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36 45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/M)
124
85
108
120
105
107
85
121
116
121
36.45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36 45
36.45
36.45
36.45
36.45
Density •
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
116
87
109
118
106
112
92
131
129
125
(V/n)
.04
.91
.99
.82
77
.56
.92
.65
.87
.44
:
Powpr
Densi ty
(uU/cn*2)
.10651
00016
.OP649
.20233
0 1 262
04782
.00052
3.87771
2 57300
. 92929
7.77644
5 41454
-------
File Nane- ZOGBTV
Site 11 Joel E Ferris High School Parking Lot
FOISD Full Scale Setting 20(V/n)
07/02/87
7 21 PM
Cal]
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
-------
File Nane ZOGBTp
Site 13 Next to KGA Tower on 63rd
FOISD Full Scale Setting 50(V/n)
07/02/87
7 41 PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRP
KXLY
KZZU
KF.YF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
12JU
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-43
-75
-46
-43
-56
-38
-75
-46
-42
-4
.50
.15
65
.82
88
02
.51
.72
31
.49
Py Pz
(dBn) (dBn)
-40
-74
-43
-41
-55.
-34
-72.
-44
-40
-1.
88 -42
22 -74
92 -45
62 -43
09 -56
84 -3fe
89 -74
83 -46
78 -41
92 -3
IS
56
90
11
?7
83
6S
41
97
95
TotaJ
Powpr
(dBn)
-37 2R
-69 86
-40 56
-37 90
-51 24
-31 59
-69 44
-41 13
-36 86
1.4ft
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dP)
44 35
44 35
44.35
44 3S
44 35
44.35
44 35
44 35
44 35
44 35
Density :
Total Electric Field
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n)
114
81
110
113
100
119
81
110
114
152
(V/n)
.07
.49
79
37
11
76
91
2?
49
.81
.
Pnuf*r
Dens i I y
(uU/cn*2)
06779
.00004
031 HI
Or.763
Of) 272
?r,096
00 004
012788
074ril
507 11676
507 63014
43 74661
File Nane- ZOGBTw
Site 14 61st at end of Mt. Vernon
FOISD Full Scale Setting SO(V/n>
07/02/87
7-4R PM
Call
Sign
KLSN
KPPL
KJRB
KXLY
KZZU
KEYF
KRSS
KUDY
KMBI
KGA
Frequency
(kHz)
590
630
790
920
970
1050
1230
1280
1330
1510
Px
(dbn)
-45
-72
-41
-43
-56
-35
-76
-49
-41
-13
.74
56
.82
14
.61
.83
.69
.65
96
.76
Py
(dBn)
-41 71
-69 43
-39.30
-38.10
-51 38
-33 52
-72.35
-45.33
-38.26
-13.26
Pz
(dBn)
-42.
-70
-38
-39
-53.
-32
-72.
-47.
-40.
-13.
23
66
15
28
13
3?
26
73
42
08
Total
Power
(dBn)
-38 13
-65 93
-34 7.3
-34 93
-48.44
-28 89
-68.57
-42 44
-35.17
-8.59
Total Power
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44.35
44 35
44.35
44.35
Density =
Electric
Field
(dBuU/n>
113.
8S.
116
116
102
122
82
108.
116.
142.
?2
42
62
4?
91
46
78
91
18
76
Total Electric Field (V/n>-
Po<-'Pr
Densi t y
(uU/cnA2)
OSS7 '
OOOOV
i ;? i '/cj
. 11631
005UI
46765
«nonf>
0!!064
.10994
50.1P506
51 02P43
13.86920
-------
File Nane ZOGCLU
Mica Peak Instrument Conpanson Site, Isolated
FOISD Full Scale Setting 100(V/n>
07/03/86 11-20 AM
Call
Sign
KPBX
KDRK
KKPL
KMBI
Frequency
(MHz)
91.1
93 7
96.1
107 9
Px Py Pz
(dbn> (dBn) (dBn)
-21
-15
-11
-25
.68 -17
08 -7
60 -28
90 -36
.04 -10
.81 -20
83 -7
.39 -33
29
12
83
90
Total
Power
(dFIn)
-9.20
-6 8S
-6 2R
-24 94
Antenna
Factor
(dB)
50
50
50
50
.40
.40
.40
40
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
148
150
151
132
20
55
12
.46
Powpr
Densi ty
(uW/cnA2>
175 Of-729
300 70991
343 0017?
4 67531
Total Power Density: 823 53&P3
Total Electric Field - 3104.73159
File Nane ZOGCLf
Mica Peak Instrunent Conparison Site, Perturbed
FOISD Full Scale Setting.100
163 9P155
275 17367
339 A071U
4 25721
Total Power Density: 782 95960
Total Electric Field (V»2/MA2)= 2951 75771
-------
File Nane ZOGCN6
Mica Peak Instrument Comparison Site, Isolated
FOISD Full Scale Setting•100
07/03/86
i 56 PM
Call
Sign
KPBX
KDRK
KKPL
KMBI
Frequency
(MHz)
91 1
93 7
96 i
107 9
Px Py Pz
(dbn) (dPtO
-20
-13
-11
-26
.28 -17.
30 -8
.58 -38
00 -36.
56 -10
15 -20
15 -7
25 -34
42
82
22
71
Total
Power
-9 29
-6 8J
-5 R6
-25.10
Antenna
Factor
(dB>
50 40
50 40
50 40
50.40
Electric
Field
(dBuV/n)
148
150
151
132
11
57
.54
.30
Power
Den^i T y
(uU/cnA2)
171
302
378
4
5*240
10621
(11143
49995
Total Power Density 856 2ft0no
Total Electric Field = 3228 10019
------- |