EPA-600/2-76-266
October 1976 Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL SPILL AND
OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1976 - July 1976
^ **%
*i. PRCrt*-0
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent
environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This
work provides the new or improved technology required for the control and
treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-76-266
October 1976
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1976 - July 1976
by
Penelope Melvin
Helmut Ehrenspeck
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Grant No. R803992
Project Officer
J. Stephen Dorrler
Oil & Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Cincinnati)
Edison, New Jersey 08817
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recomendation for use.
ii
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed,
converted, and used, the related pollutional impacts on our environ-
ment and even on our health often require that new and increasingly
more efficient pollution control methods be used. The Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati (IERL-C1) assists in
developing and demonstrating new and improved methodologies that will
meet these needs both efficiently and economically.
This report is a product of the above efforts. It cites current
events, literature, research* patents, and other material relevant to
the oil pollution abatement program and is published in an abstract
format on a quarterly basis. As such, it serves as a basic reference
document for all those interested in oil spill and oil pollution con-
trol. This project is part of the continuing program of the Oil &
Hazardous Materials Spills Branch, lERL-Ci to assess and mitigate the
environmental impact of oil pollution.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
iii
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ABSTRACT
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin
designed to review current scientific and technical publications
and research projects in the field of oil pollution. Subject
coverage includes all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution. This issue contains summaries of research projects
and documents selected from the scientific and technical literature
during the period May, 1976 through July, 1976.
The following sections are included in the report:
I. Reports, Publications, and Patents
II. Current Research Projects
III. Current Oil-Related Conferences
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No.
R803992-01 by the Marine Science Institute, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship of
the Environmental Protection Agency.
IV
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iv
Acknowledgments viii
Introduction ix
Sections
I Reports, Publications, and Patents
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 1
2. Monitoring 7
3. Remote Sensing 15
4. Sampling . 18
5. Analysis 19
6. Source Identification 29
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1. Containment 33
2. Cleanup and Recovery 39
3. Restoration 72
4. Oil Transfer and Transport 73
5. Design and Engineering 83
6. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods .88
7. Reclamation and Reuse 118
8. Personnel Training and Education 125
9. Contingency Planning 126
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C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 129
2. Economic Effects 139
3. General Effects 140
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. Biological Effects 146
2. Social Effects 148
3. Economic Effects 150
4. General Effects 151
E. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biological Degradation 168
2. Physical Changes 178
3. Chemical Changes 179
4. General Fate of Oil 180
F. Oil Pollution Regulations
1. U.S. Legislation 187
2. International Legislation 190
3. Foreign Legislation 194
4. Standards and Guidelines 195
G. Bibliographies 197
II Current Research Projects
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 198
2. Monitoring 200
3. Remote Sensing 201
4. Analysis 203
vi
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B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1. Containment 209
2. Cleanup and Recovery 211
3. Restoration 215
4. Oil Transfer and Transport 216
5. Design and Engineering 218
6. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods 220
7. Personnel Training and Education 225
8. Contingency Planning 226
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 227
2. General Effects 242
D. Effects of Oil Prospecting and Production
1. Biological Effects 243
2. General Effects 245
E. Fate of Oil in the Marine Environment
1. Biological Degradation 248
2. General Fate of Oil 259
F. Oil Pollution Regulations
1. Standards and Guidelines 261
III Current Conferences 262
Master List of Keywords 277
Subject Index 281
Appendix 342
vn
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Ms. Kathy Courtney for
typing the camera-ready copy of Oil Spill and Oil Pollution
Reports. We also wish to thank the personnel of the Science-
Engineering Library, University of California, Santa Barbara,
for their professional assistance during the research stages
of the project, and Mr. Bruce Harger for his efforts in
developing the computer program for the Subject Index.
Vlll
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INTRODUCTION
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin which reviews
pertinent scientific and technical publications and research projects to
provide its readers with current developments in the field of oil pollution.
This issue contains summaries of reports, publications, and patents relating
to oil pollution published during the period 1974 to 1976 (Section I);
summaries and status of current research projects (Section II); and current
oil-related conferences (Section III).
The subject coverage includes all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution. Items in Section I are categorized by seven major subdivisions
divided into thirty-four specific subject categories. These are presented
in the Table of Contents. Patents and patent applications are announced
in this section under appropriate subject categories. Sources of the
citations appear in the list of Periodicals Reviewed in the Appendix.
For indexing purposes each abstract in Section I is assigned certain keywords
which highlight the main points in the entry material. The Subject Index,
which is a permuted index listing alphabetically the keywords and citation
number of each abstract, appears at the end of the report. The Master List
of Keywords is also included at the end of this issue. Official names of
countries and geographic regions of the world were obtained from The
Statesman's Yearbook 1975-1976 (John Paxton ed., New York, St. Martin's
Press, 1975) and U.S. Board on Geographic Names. Gazetteer, (prepared by
U.S. Department of the Interior).
Section II presents titles of active or recently completed oil pollution
research projects, summaries of project objectives, and current status
information and/or resulting publications provided upon request by the
principal investigators or performing organizations. Notices of research
projects were obtained from the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
(SSIE), Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts (MRIS), Aquatic
Microbiology Newsletter, and Environmental Research, American Petroleum
Institute Annual Status Report. Entries are arranged according to the same
subject categories as in Section I and are ordered by serial number within
each subject division. Some of the current projects listed in previous
Oil Pollution Reports have been recently renewed. These projects have been
relisted and headed by the same serial number as originally reported, followed
by the word (renewal). Renewal entries are listed at the beginning of each
subject category.
Section III, Current Oil-Related Conferences, contains descriptive information
on recent and future conferences relating to environmental oil pollution.
Conference dates are listed; and, when information is available, titles,
authors, and abstracts of conference papers are included. All information
for this section was obtained from the periodicals reviewed (Appendix) and
from responses to personal inquiries concerning the symposia.
Sections I and II have their own serial numbers. The letters preceding the
serial numbers designate the following: C, reports, publications, and patents;
and R, research projects.
be
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SECTION I. REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND PATENTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
C-1237-76
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Audubon 78(2):140.
Oil discharges, Fuels
The General Accounting Office reports that the U.S. Navy has dumped
at least 50 million liters of waste fuel at sea in the last 2 years.
In 1975, the aircraft carrier "Independence" dumped nearly 33,700
liters of aviation gasoline off South Carolina.
C-1238-76
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD OF THE STATE OF
INDIANA: FISCAL YEAR JULY 1, 1974 TO JUNE 30, 1975
Anon. 1975.
Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board, Annual report. 93p.
Oil spills, Law enforcement,*Stream Pollution Control Board, *Indiana
Among its diverse activities, the Board investigated387 water pol-
lution complaints, 190 oil spills and hazardous material spills,
and 23 fish kills. The Board also administered, monitored, and
enforced requirements of state and federal pollution control
legislation.
[ from Pollution Abstract 7(2):#76-01307. 1976.]
C-1239-76
CHESAPEAKE SPILL CALLED ECOLOGIC DISASTER (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
National Fisherman 56(12) :28A.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Birds, Chesapeake Bay
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The article mainly describes the ecologic damage caused by an oil
spill in Chesapeake Bay on Feb.!, 1976. A sinking barge spilled
over 800 metric tons of a heavy, viscous industrial fuel oil, which
then spread over a wide region. The report indentified various spe-
cies of waterfowl killed by the spill and indicated that about
10,000 birds, mostly migratory species, had died or would die as a
result of the spill.
C-1240-76
COOK INLET WINS CLEAN BILL IN GOVERNMENT OIL SPILL STUDY
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):282.
Oil spills, Alaska, Gulf of, Offshore development, Petroleum indus-
try
Alaska's Division of Oil and Gas has found that oil development and
production has resulted in a negligible amount of oil spillage in
the last five years. A total reported spillage of 145 barrels re-
sulted from oil activity from 1971 to 1975. During the same time,
non-oil industry related spillages accounted for 2,141 barrels.
C-1241-76
ICEBERG HAZARD FOR ALASKAN OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):20.
Oil transport, Tankers, Alaska, Gulf of, *Glacial retreat
A report from the U.S. Gelolgical Survey warns that icebergs from
1100 km2 Columbia Glacier in Prince William Sound may be hazardous
to supertankers which pass through these waters to Port Valdez,
Alaska. Glaciologists suspect that the glacier may be on the verge
of retreat, and that up to 200 cubic km of ice might be discharged
into the Sound over the next 30-50 years.
C-1242-76
INTERSPILL NETWORK
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):21-22.
Information systems, Oil spills
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The Center for Natural Areas is seeking to establish an informal
network of scientists and professionals conducting spill research
who would be interested in exchanging spill information. To promote
"Interspill", the Center has compiled a computer-based directory
of 57 selected oil spills occurring between 1962 and 1975. (FFI
contact J. Whitman, Staff Associate, Center for Natural Areas,
1525 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington D.C. 20036).
C-1243-76
MORE FISHERMAN/OIL PROBLEMS(news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Bulletin 7(2):20.
Offshore exploration, Physical effects, Biological effects, Fisheries
The Shetland fleet of fishermen has made 14 claims against oil
companies for compensation for damage to gear caused by offshore
exploration and production activities. Hampshire and Dorset fishermen
have complained about the oil production of their fishing grounds
and there have been reports of flat fish with an oily taste.
C-1244-76
OFFSHORE OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Alaska Seas and Coasts 4(2):8-9.
Oil-gas leasing, Alaska, Gulf of
The article reports the decision of the U.S. Department of the In-
terior to continue with the controversial oil and gas lease sale in
the northeastern Gulf of Alaska. The Gulf sale is the first in a
series of nine offshore lease sales which are slated for Alaska's
outer continental shelf over the next three years.
C-l245-76
'GHOST1 OIL SLICKS HAUNT WEST COAST
Browning, R.J. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(2):16A.
Oil slicks, Coasts, Legislation, *Northwest coast
A series of oil slicks which touched the coastline from Oregon to
British Columbia in March have caused many conservationist forces
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to demand federal action. Since the slicks are believed to have
originated in international waters from bilge cleaning of several
ships, no legal action has been taken.
C-1246-76
MANAGING AN INLAND OIL SPILL
Elliot, P.R. 1976.
Industrial Pollution Conference, 4th, Houston, Texas, 1976. McLean,
Virginia, Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association,
1976. p.XXl-XX2. Abstract.
Oil spills, Cleanup, New York
An oil spill incident in 1973, in which over 26,000 liters of an
asphalt-kerosene mixture were released from a storage tank into the
Hackensack River, is described. EPA responses, cleanup procedures,
and problems encountered during cleanup are detailed.
C-1247-76
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM USER'S
MANUAL (OHM-SIRS)
Environmental Protection Agency. 1975.
EPA/DF-75/001A, PB-243662/4. 17p.
Oil spills, Information systems, Guidelines
An oil spill and hazardous materials information data base has been
established by the EPA. This publication is a guidance manual for
those who prepare spill reports to the Division of Oil and Special
Materials Control, and for those who need access to the information
retrieval system.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(5):#14658. 1976.]
C-1248-76
WAVES OF OIL
Hann, R.W., Jr. 1975.
Defenders of Wildlife News 50(3):276-282.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Metula oil spill, Birds, Shorelines
The Metula oil spill disaster in the Strait of Magellan in 1974 is
reviewed. The effect of oil on waterfowl, particularly cormorants
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and penguins, and on seashore life is estimated. A description
of the shoreline affected by the spill is given.
C-1249-76
CRACKING DOWN, OIL REFINING AND POLLUTION CONTROL
Kerlin, G., and D. Rabovsky. 1975.
New York, Council on Economic Priorities, 1975. 478p.
Refineries, Law enforcement* *Pollution control records
This book tells which oil refining companies have the best and worst
air and water pollution control records, what compliance technology
has been developed, and how pollution control can result in cost,
material and energy savings. It also explains how control varies as
to region and why government enforcement is the single greatest pol-
lution control determinant.
C-1250-76
SPILLAGES FROM OIL INDUSTRY CROSS-COUNTRY PIPELINES IN WESTERN EUROPE:
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF REPORTED INCIDENTS 1974.
King. E.M. 1975.
Stichting CONCAWE Report 7. 18p.
Oi
1 spills, Oil transport, Pipelines, Europe, Cleanup, Statistics
In cross-country pipeline systems in Europe, which total 17,350 km
in length and transport 524 million m3 of crude oil, eighteen spills
were reported for 1974. The gross volume spilled was about 1950 m3,
or about 0.0004% of the total volume transported. All spills were
cleaned up in generally less than a month's time, and no known pol-
lution of potable water resources was reported.
[ from Pollution Abstract 7(2): #76-2000. 1976.]
C-1251-76
THE MIZUSHIMA OIL SPILL
Nicoll, C.W. 1975.
Available Enquiry Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa K1A OH3.
Oil spills, Environmental effects
Summary not available.
[ from UDS Water Quality Control Digest VII (2): 24. 1976.]
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01252-76
CASE STUDY: HANNAH BARGE SPILL, MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN
Sullivan, E.L., 1976.
Industrial Pollution Conference, 4th, Houston, Texas, 1976. McLean,
Virginia, Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association,
1976. p.LVII.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Cleanup, Contingency planning, Great Lakes,
*Lake Michigan, *Hannah Barge Spill
The coordinated response of several private, state, and federal agen-
cies in successfully combatting a major oil spill on Lake Michigan
is described. The spill occurred in adverse weather late February,
1975, and spilled nearly 300,000 liters of industrial fuel oil. The
chronology of the spill event and subsequent cleanup operations are
detailed. The contingency plans, personnel training, and cooperative
response measures are also reviewed.
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2. MONITORING
C-l253-76
ALMOST THERE - AN EFFICIENT POLLUTION MONITOR
Anon. 1975.
Marine Week 2(27):29.
Design and engineering, Pollution prevention, International conven-
tions
The design and operating principle of an oil pollution monitoring
device, which has been developed as a result of the 1973 IMCO Con-
vention on prevention of pollution from ships, is described. Con-
vention limitations are given and the way in which the instrument
achieves the measurements required is also discussed.
[ from MRIS Abstracts 12: #125984. 1976.]
C-1254-76
BALLAST DISCHARGE MONITOR / CONTROL SYSTEM FROM THE KEENE CORPORATION
Anon. 1975.
Shipping World and Ship Builder 168(3902):227.
Oil discharges, Ships, Ballast, Detection
The Fluid Handling Division of the American Keene Corporation has
introduced a modular shipboard system for detecting, monitoring and
controlling oily waste water. The system consists basically of a
pump, a gross solids separator, and a computerized electronic moni-
tor which records oily discharges in ppm and liters/nautical mile.
[ from Pollution Abstracts 7(2): #76-01462. 1976.]
C-1255-76
INFRARED DETERMINATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN WATER (product Information)
Anon. 1975.
Wilks Application Report No. 1. 22p.
Analytical methods, Hydrocarbons, Wastewater, Refineries
This report describes instrumentation, analytical procedures and
calculation methods employed to determine the dissolved hydrocar-
bons in water. The analytical method described is based upon
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solvent extraction followed by infrared analysis of the extract.
It provides a convenient and reliable method for monitoring the
hydrocarbon content in effluent water from refineries, petro-
chemical plants, or drilling rigs. FFI contact, C.W. Salisbury,
140 Water St. S. Norwalk, Conn. 06856.
C-1256-76
OIL SPILL DETECTOR
Anon. 1975.
Chemical Engineering 82(22):159.
Oil spills, Detection, *0il sensor, *01eophilic membrane
An oil spill detection device is described which can monitor the
presence of oil on land or in moving or standing bodies of water.
In each device an olephilic membrane conveys any oil present to
a calibrated sensor which then activates an alarm. Alarm units
for a comprehensive system can monitor up to 20 different locations
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):#02581. 1976.]
C-1257-76
SCIENTISTS FROM VIMS EXPLORE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(3):33.
OCS, Environmental effects, Offshore development, Sampling, Marine
organisms
The Virginia Institute of Marine Science is conducting expeditions
designed to explore the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), in an effort
to provide baseline data for future analysis of environmental condi-
tions in the event of OCS oil and gas development. Three cruises
are planned, in which sample collections will be made of bottom-
dwelling animals, zooplankton, and organisms inhabiting the neuston
layer.
C-1258-76
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, UNEP TO ASSESS MEDITERRANEAN POLLUTION
Anon. 1976.
IMS Newsletter No. 11:1,2.
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Mediterranean Sea, Sampling, Chemical analysis, International
agreements
A UNEP Co-ordinated Mediterranean Pollution Monitoring and Research
Programme is being conducted by 15 of the 18 Mediterranean countries.
Samples have been collected and observations made of pollution on
beaches and in offshore waters. Methods of measuring pollution and
sample analysis were agreed upon by scientists from the participating
countries in December* 1975.
C-1259-76
PELAGIC TAR FROM BERMUDA AND THE SARGASSO SEA
Butler, J.N., B.F. Morris and J. Sass. 1975.
Marine Chemistry 2(4):263-275.
Tar, Sargasso Sea, Source identification
From surveys of pelagic tar lumps in the Atlantic Ocean, it has been
reported that the highest concentrations occur in the Sargasso Sea
(2-40 mg/m2). The possible sources and chemical composition of pe-
lagic tar on Bermuda beaches and in the Sargasso Sea are discussed.
[ from Marine Geology 20(2):192. 1976.]
C-1260-76
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OIL INTRUSION IN SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA
Crow, S.A., M.A. Hood, and S.P. Meyers. 1975.
Symposium' - workshop on Impact of the Use of Microorganisms on the
Aquatic Environment, Pensacola Beach, Florida, 1974. Bourgin, Meyers,
and Ahearn (eds.).Con/all is, Oregon, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, 1975. p. 221-234. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ecological Research Series EPA - 660/3-75-001.)
Microorganisms, Oil spills, Louisiana
Microbial population densities and types were monitored at the site
of an oil spill in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, and in experimentally
oiled marsh plots. This study shows that the presence of oil causes
an increase in hydrocarbonoclastic and proteolytic microorganisms,
and inhibits cellulolytic types. A greater bacterial species diver-
sity was found in oiled areas.
C-1261-76
RELEASE OF THE CARCINOGEN BENZO(A)PYRENE FROM ENVIRONMENTALLY CON-
TAMINATED MUSSELS
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Dunn, B. P., and H. F. Stich. 1976.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15(4):398-401
Carcinogens, Contamination, Molluscs, *Benzo(a)pyrene
The residence time of benzo(a)pyrene in mussels was measured using
a radioactive tracer. The results indicate that these mollusks can
be used as monitors for PAH and other carcinogens. However, the
short depuration periods used to eliminate bacterial contamination
from shellfish before marketing have only a slight effect on the
tissue content of the carcinogen B(a)P in mussels. Under these con-
ditions, the carcinogen could be a health hazard.
C-1262-76
OIL POLLUTION OF INLAND WATERS
Fielding, M. 1976.
Public Health Engineer 4(l):18-22.
Groundwater, Contamination, Detection, Sampling
The article calls for the continuous surveillance and monitoring of
present and potential oil pollution of ground water resources. The
effects of groundwater contamination by oil, and some current pro-
blems of identification, sampling and detection of oil pollutants
are reviewed.
[ from Water Research Centre Information 3(9): #76-7175. 1976.]
C-1263-76
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION OF
WASTE WATERS.
Hayashi, K., S. Serna, and I. Sakuiada. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,917,945.
Detection, Contamination, Wastewater, *Fluorescence, *IR and UV
light measurement.
The patent relates to an apparatus and process which use light pro-
jected onto a wastewater stream to continuously monitor and deter-
mine the types and relative quantities of contaminants present.
Contaminants, including oil, are characterized and quantified by
continuous measurement of the amount of infrared and ultraviolet
light absorbed or emitted by the waste water stream. Specific oils
can be identified by their unique florescence characteristics.
10
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[ from Selected Water Resources Abstract 9(7): #W76-03014. 1976.]
3,917,945
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DKTKCTINC THK
DF.GRKK OF CONTAMINATION OF WASTF. WATKK
Minn/o Sema, Tokyo, anil Ikuu Sakurada, Kokuhun|>i, iMtth of
Japan, assignors in Katsuhiki Hayashi, Tokyo, Jupun
Filed June 10, 1974, Ser. No. 477,7-43
Claims priority, application Japan, June 21, 1973, 48-
6<*174; AUR. 18, 1973, 48-970541 V \
Int. Cl.- C01T l//f>7, <;01J 1142
U.S. Cl. 250-JO 1 u claims
INFRA-Ml) \r-,
DC rtc row
HUMP J4 -
:
/7-COMfUTlH
C-1264-76
RESULTS OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM IN THE CANADIAN BEAUFORT
wUrl
Hnatiuk, j. 1975.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper OTC-2445.
Abstract.
Marine Organisms, Biological effects, Oil spills, Beaufort Sea
The results of a cooperative industry government research program
conducted in the Canadian Beaufort Sea in 1974 and 1975 are presented.
The program has provided valuable environmental baseline data and in-
cludes studies on marine life, biological effects of oil pollution,
and oil spills in ice laden waters. Ecologically sensitive areas
and inadequacies in present oil spill technology are identified.
C-1265-76
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING A FLUID CONTAMINANT
Hubby, L.M. 1975.
British Patent 1,418,130
Contamination, Leakage, Offshore drilling, Design and engineering
11
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Oil contamination in runoff water from a drill rig or offshore plat-
form can be detected with a U-tube with fixed outlet leg and a float
detector on the inlet leg. Oil contamination causes the float to
raise, which then triggers an alarm system.
[ from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):#1113702. 1976.]
C-1266-76
OIL SPILL DETECTION SYSTEM
Miller, G.H.
U.S. Patent
and E.O. Remick,
3,916,674
Jr. 1975.
Detection, Oil spills, Design and engineering, *0il sensor
The patent relates to a system for detecting oil floating on a body
of water. The apparatus is composed basically of a stainless-steel
rotating disc, and a buoyant support system equipped with a number
of mechanical devices designed to (1) direct surface waters and con-
taminants toward the disc, (2) remove adhering contaminants from the
rotating disc, and (3) bring such contaminants into contact with
electrical capacitance measuring devices that signal the presence
of oil.
[ from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6): #2996. 1976.]
3,916,674
OI1.-SPIU, DKTKCTION SYSTEM
Cordon II. Miller, Richmond, and Edward (). Renick, Jr.,
Sandston, both of Va., assignors lo Texaco Inc., New York,
N.Y.
Filed Feb. 22, 1974, Ser. No. 444,934
Int. CI.T.OIN 27/22
U.S. Cl. 73—61.1 K 8 Claims
66 f
12
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C-1267-76
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. VOLUME
5. CHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1975.
Program Work Statement, NOAA-75122905. 120p.
Environmental effects, Alaska coast, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms
Ten papers are included which deal with the chemistry and micro-
biology aspects of the waters in and around the Alaska coast. Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible.
[ from Government Reports Announcements 76(7): #PB-248 936/7GA. 1976.]
C-1268-76
MEASUREMENT OF POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Reay, J.S.S., et al. (date unknown)
Institute of Fuel Conference, Eastbourne, United Kingdom, 1973.
p.101-127.
Environmental effects, Hydrocarbons
Monitoring, the fate of pollutants, and ecological effects of pol-
lution on the environment are topics examined. Sulfur, carbon mon-
oxide, carbon dioxide, particulates, metals, nitrogen oxides and
hydrocarbons, are discussed with respect to air and water pollution.
[ from Environment Abstracts 6(2): #76-01081. 1976.]
C-l269-76
OVERVIEW: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE MONITORING PROGRAM, TRACTS U-a
AND U-b
Ross, D. 1975.
Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 70(4):239-244.
Oil shale development, EIS, Environmental effects
The article briefly outlines the scope and nature of environmental
baseline reports and detailed development plans which are being
prepared by the White River Shale Project group of Colorado and
Utah as part of the environmental stipulations of the federal oil
shale lease program.
[ from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16): #218,651. 1976.]
13
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C-1270-76
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS IN
GULF OF MEXICO COASTAL WATERS
Sackett, W.M., and J.M. Brooks. 1975.
Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environment. T.M. Church (ed.).
Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1975. p.211-230.
Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Gulf of Mexico, Natural seepage,
Offshore production, Oil discharges
Analysis of thousand of water samples from the Gulf of Mexico for
Ci to C4 hydrocarbons indicates that natural seepage as a source of
these hydrocarbons is negligible in comparison to man-derived inputs,
especially offshore petroleum production activities. Two oil indus-
try practices which contribute the most to C-\ to C4 hydrocarbon pol-
lution are the underwater venting of noncommercial gas and the
discharge of brines containing soluble petroleum components.
C-1271-76
MACOMA BALTHICA: AN INDICATOR OF OIL POLLUTION
Shaw, D.G., A.J. Paul, L.M. Cheek, and H.M. Feder. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):29-31.
Biological effects, Oil slicks, Mollusks, *Macoma balthica
In experiments which simulated stranding of an oil slick on a mud-
flat, it was found that the mortality of M_. balthica increased with
increasing concentration of petroleum and increasing duration of
exposure. The relationship between mollusk mortality and oil concen-
tration is believed to be a result of the animal's deposit feeding
habit.
C-1272-76
POLLUTANT INPUTS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Young, D.R., D.J. McDermott, T.C. Heesen, and T.K. Jan. 1975.
Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environment, T.M. Church (ed.).
Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1975. p.424. (ACS
Symposium Series, 18.)
Hydrocarbons, California coast
Summary not available.
[from Current Contents, Physical and Chemical Sciences 16(6):17.
1976.]
14
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3. REMOTE SENSING
C-1273-76
AN INFRARED REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVED OIL SLICK CLASSI-
FICATION
Gerhard, G.C., and R.L. Bolus. 1974.
New Hampshire University, UNH-SG-149. 45p.
Oil slicks, Design and engineering, *Infrared techniques
The design, construction and evaluation of an inexpensive and simple
system are described. Emission and reflected radiation spectrograms
are presented and inherent problems with the present system are
investigated.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:#09818. 1976.]
C-1274-76
OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND MONITORING FROM SPACE USING SKYLAB
Goldman, G.C., and R. Horvath. 1975.
Final Report, NASA-CR 144502, Contract NAS9-13281. 44p.
Detection, Monitoring, Oil slicks, *Skylab
From experience gained in the attempted use of Skylab data for the
observation of oil spills, minimum acceptable requirements of a
satellite surveillance system are outlined. Daily coverage, high
resolution, and a variety of spectral channels are required to ef-
fectively detect and monitor spills. At present, remote sensing
data cannot detect and monitor oil slicks or spills in adverse
weather or unclear water, spills less than hundrds of meter long,
or those occurring nearshore or in rivers, bays and harbors.
C-1275-76
APPLICATION OF LANDSAT-2 TO THE MANAGEMENT OF DELAWARE'S MARINE AND
WETLAND RESOURCES
Klemas, V., D. aart.lett, W. Philpot, and G. Dairs. 1975.
Progress report, NASA-CR-145584, Contract NAS5-20983. 7p.
Oil slicks, Estuaries, Dispersions, Movement, Delaware
Landsat imagery was used to support oil slick tracking experiments
which have shown that estuarine fronts or boundaries can strongly
15
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influence dispersal and movement of oil slicks. During certain
parts of the tidal cycle, frontal systems tend to capture and hold
oil slicks, causing them to line up along the fronts.
[ from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(3): #12433.
1976.J
C-1276-76
VERIFICATION BY REMOTE SENSING OF AN OIL SLICK MOVEMENT PREDICTION
MODEL
Klemas, V., G. Davis, and H. Wang. 1975.
NASA-CR-145596, Contract NAS5-20983. 2p.
Models, Oil slicks, Movement, Dispersions, Coasts
A model to predict oil slick movement and dispersion was verified
by imagery from both Landsat satellites. The imagery provided valu-
able data on overall circulation patterns and coastal front systems
that strongly influence the dispersion and movement of oil slicks.
[ from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(3): #12444.
1976.]
C-1277-76
APPLICATION OF LANDSAT TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL ON-SHORE IMPACT OF OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF DEVELOPMENT.
Klemas, V., J. Goodman, H. Lins, and D. Bartlett. 1976.
Report No. NASA-CR 146037, Contract NAS5-2983. 2p. [N76-16527]
Offshore development, OCS, *0nshore impacts, *Landsat
Landsat remote sensing data has been used in conjunction with con-
ventional aerial photos, maps and socio-economic data to assess the
potential onshore impact of offshore oil development in OCS areas
off Alaska, the mid-Atlantic states, and Santa Barbara and Ventura
Counties, California. No significant results are stated in this
report.
C-1278-76
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDY OF THE GULF OF ALASKA BY REMOTE SENSING
McLeod, W.R., and D.T. Hodder. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2591. Abstract.
16
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Alaska, Gulf of, Oil spills, Movement, Spreading
Landsat land 2 imagery and other remote sensing data of the Gulf of
Alaska reveal visible, progressive seasonal changes in ocean currents
and sediment transport cells. This information, in conjunction with
classical shipboard sampling methods, is useful in determining the
transport, movement, spreading and degradation of oil spills in the
Gulf.
C-1279-76
AIRBORNE SENSORS FOR MONITORING POLLUTION
Mott, P.G. 1975.
Pollution Criteria for Estuaries, Proceedings of the Conference held
at the University of Southampton, 1973. P.R. Helliwell and J.
Bossanyi (eds.). London Pentech Press, 1976.
Monitoring, Oil discharges, Detection
The most common types of airborne remote sensors for the monitoring
and study of marine pollution are surveyed. They include conventional
panchromatic air photography, color air photography, infra-red, multi-
spectral air photography, infra-red thermal imagery and side-looking
radar imagery. It has been recommended that the latter sensor system
be used to continuously cover the main shipping lanes and to track
oil discharges.
[from Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#005280. 1976.]
C-1280-76
A STUDY OF A DUAL POLARIZATION LASER BACKSCATTER SYSTEM FOR REMOTE
IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF WATER POLLUTION
Sheives, T.C. 1974.
NTIS Report N75-10563. 148p.
Models, Oil slicks, Water quality
The report discusses the use of analytical models which describe the
backscatter from smooth surface turbid water for the remote identifi-
cation and measurement of subsurface water turbidity and oil on water.
Lidar measurements from natural waterways and ground observations of
physical water quality parameters are presented and compared.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(2):#76-01456. 1976.]
17
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4. SAMPLING
C-1281-76
REMOVAL OF WATER FROM WEATHERED PETROLEUM
Ahmadjian, M., C.D. Baer, C.W. Brown, V.M. Vestervelt. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(3):628.
Crude oil, Oil-water separation, *Centrifugation
A simple and effective technique is described for the removal of
water from weathered oil samples. The method is useful in field samp-
ling because it obviates the need for solvents and high temperature
treatment. Treatment consists of centrifuging and addition of small
amounts of MgS04.
[ from Petroleum Abstracts, 16(19): #219,369. 1976.]
C-1282-76
NONVOLATILE HYDROCARBONS ALONG TANKER ROUTES OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN
Brown, R.A., and T.D. Searl. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2448. Abstract.
Hydrocarbons, Pacific Ocean, *Tanker routes
Since 1973, Pacific Ocean routes have been sampled from the Panama
Canal to Alaska, and from San Francisco to Tokyo and Singapore in
order to quantify and characterize total dispersed nonvolatile hy-
drocarbons. Surface waters had hydrocarbon concentrations ranging
from 0 to 56 ppb; subsurface waters ranged from 0 to 32 ppb hydro-
carbons, with median values of 2 ppb and 1 ppb, respectively. The
hydrocarbons are complex mixtures and include abundant paraffins,
cycloparaffins and aromatics of probable petroleum origins.
18
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5. ANALYSIS
C-1283-76
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN WATER POLLUTION
Aly, O.M., and S.D. Faust. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment. R.L. Grob (ed.).
New York, Marcel Dekker, 1975. p.489-513.
Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Source identi-
fication
Although paper Chromatography is less sensitive than thin layer
Chromatography, it can be a valuable analytical tool for the separa-
tion and identification of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in fresh
and saline waters. Analytical techniques for hydrocarbons and other
organics are detailed.
[ from Pollution Abstracts 7(2): #76-01250. 1976.]
C-1284-76
THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN WATER POLLUTION
Aly, O.M. and S.D. Faust. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment. R.L. Grob (ed.).
New York, Marcel Dekker, 1975. p. 511-564.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Detection, Source identification,
Hydrocarbons
Thin layer Chromatography (TLC) is an effective tool for the detec-
tion, separation and identification of organic pollutants, including
hydrocarbons. Many TLC procedures were developed from analyses of
wastewater and polluted surface waters; some of these techniques
are detailed in this report.
[ from Pollution Abstracts 7(2): #76-01249. 1976.]
C-l285-76
OCCURRENCES OF OIL AND GAS SEEPS ALONG THE GULF OF ALASKA
Blasko, D.P. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th Houston, Texas, 1976. Paper no.
OTC-2444. Abstract,
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Natural seepage, Oil wells, Alaska, Gulf
of
19
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Onshore oil seeps and old oil wells along the Gulf of Alaska were
located, sampled and analyzed to determine the types and amounts of
oils or bituminous materials carried into Gulf of Alaska waters.
The oils generally had low sulfur characteristics, and the amounts
of bitumen and oil entering the Gulf of Alaska from onshore sources
are minimal.
C-1286-76
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS, VOLUME 9
Brame, Jr., E.G. 1975.
New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. XIV+321p.
Analytical techniques, Chemical analysis, Spectroscopy, Source ident-
ification
The latest techniques and new contributions in spectroscopy are
evaluated in these review articles. One of the five chapters deals
with applications of infrared spectroscopy in petroleum analysis
and oil spill identification.
[from Analytical Chemistry 48(3).-329A-330A. 1976.]
C-1287-76
ANALYSIS OF AQUATIC MINERAL OIL POLLUTION. A PRESENTATION OF ALTER-
NATIVE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Carlberg, S.R. 1975.
FAO Swedish International Development Authority Training Course on
Methods for Detection Measurement and Monitoring of Water Pollution,
Goteborg and Stockholm, 1973. p.85-97 (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper
137.)
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectroscopy, Analytical techniques
Techniques of thin layer Chromatography, gas liquid Chromatography,
infrared spectroscopy, and ultra-violet absorption and fluorescence
spectroscopy are described as possible analytical methods for the
determination of aquatic mineral oil pollution. Advantages and dis-
advantages of each method are given.
C-l288-76
INTRODUCTION TO CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND OIL POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Carlberg, S.R., S. Jensen, L. Renberg, and R. Vaz. 1975.
FAO Swedish Int. Development Authority Training Course on Methods
20
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for Detection Measurement and Monitoring of Water Pollution, Gote-
borg and Stockholm, 1973. p.69-76. (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper
137).
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Analytical techniques
In this paper, the different chromatographic separation techniques
and the principles of these techniques are reviewed.
C-1289-76
TRACE HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS: THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND / NORTHEASTERN GULF OF ALASK BASELINE STUDY
Chesler, S.N., B.H. Gump, H.S. Hertz, W.E. May, S.M. Dyszel, and
D.P. Enagonio. 1976.
National Bureau of Standards Technical Note, NBS TN-889. 66p.
Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Alaska, Gulf of, Chromato-graphy,
Spectrometry, *Baseline studies
The analytical method developed involves dynamic headspace sampling
for volatile hydrocarbon components of the sample, followed by coupled-
column liquid chromatography for the non-volatile components. Results
of the application of this technique are presented and discussed.
C-1290-76
OCCURRENCE OF KEROSENE-LIKE HYDROCARBONS IN THE BREAM (MYLIO AUSTRALIS)
Connell, D.W., K. Cox, and R.L. McLauchlan. 1975.
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 26(3):419-422.
Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Fishes, *Mylio australis, *Pomatomas
saltator
Contaminated Australian bream (M. australis) and tailor (Pomatomas
saltator) were analyzed and shown to contain traces of several vola-
tile hydrocarbons closely resembling those of commerical kerosene.
[ from Chemical Abstracts: 84(15): #103950y. 1976.]
C-1291-76
COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS METHODS FOR HYDROCARBONS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS
Farrington, J.W., and B.W. Tripp. 1975.
Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environment. T.M. Church (ed.).
Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1975. p.267-284. (ACS
Symposium Series, 18.)
21
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Chemical analysis, Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons,
Sediments
Three chemical extraction procedures were compared by gravimetric
analysis for their efficiency in extracting hydrocarbons from marine
sediment samples and were found to be similarly effective. The
extracted hydrocarbons were characterized and quantified by gas chromato-
graphy. A number of samples were spiked with 10 ppm of No. 2 fuel oil,
and gas chromatography was found to be useful in detecting and quanti-
fying the spike.
C-1292-76
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN
WATERS (English summary)
Golden, J., P. Chambon, and J. Vial. 1976.
Techniques et Sciences Municipales 71(1 ):.17-20.
Analytical techniques, Hydrocarbons, Solvents, Chromatography,
Spectroscopy
An analytical technique is described for separating hydrocarbons in
water into three groups: C5_io aliphatic and short chain aromatic
hydrocarbons, C]Q-32 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic hydro-
carbons. Procedures used for the further identification of individual
hydrocarbons within these three groups are also presented.
[from Water Research Center Information 3(11):#76-832S. 1975.]
C-1293-76
HYDROCARBON DETERMINATION IN WASTE WATERS BY MEANS OF CHANNEL THIN
LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (English summary)
Goretti, G., A. Liberti, and B.M. Petronio. 1974.
Annali de Chimica (Rome) 64(9/10):653-658.
Chemical analysis, Wastewater, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons
Channel thin layer chromatography (TLC) is useful in the direct
determination of hydrocarbons in wastewater. The analytical method
for separating hydrocarbons from fats and other organic compounds
and directly determining their concentration is outlined.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(10):#57639. 1976.]
C-1294-76
PACKED HIGH-PERFORMANCE GC-COLUMNS (ABOUT 50,000 HETP) FOR PROFILE
ANALYSIS OF CARCINOGENIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN FOOD,
22
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MINERAL OIL PRODUCTS, VEHICLE EXHAUST-AND CIGARETTE SMOKE CONDEN-
SATE ETC.
Grimmer, G., H. Boehnke, and A. Hildebrandt. 1976.
Fresenius Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chernie 279(2):139-140.
Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Carcinogens
"A new packed glass column for gas chromatography with high separator
effect is described for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hyro-
carbons from a variety of sources."
[ from Chemical Abstracts 84(23): #160196f. 1976.]
C-1295-76
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM OIL POLLUTANTS BY INFRARED SPECTRO-
PHOTOMETRY
Gruenfeld, M. 1975.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Special Technical Publi-
cation no. 573. p.290-308.
Analytical techniques, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Spectrometry, *Infrared
s pectrophotometry
The paper reports the accuracy and sensitivity of infrared spectro-
photometry for the quantitative determination of petroleum oils by
single point analysis. Four different representative oils,including
two fuel oils and two crude oils were tested; and carbon tetrachloride
and Freon 113 were compared as solvents. A concentration of 0.05 mg
oil/100 ml solvent is considered the practical detection limit of
these oils by the infrared spectrophotometry method.
C-l296-76
LABORATORY BIOLOGICAL STUDIES: MAKING THEM APPROPRIATE FOR PREDICTING
THE EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS OPERATIONS
Hester, F.J. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2524. Abstract.
Analytical techniques, Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Marine or-
ganisms, Offshore production
This paper critically examines fifteen well known laboratory studies
on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms, with
23
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emphasis on the appropriateness of their data analyses and inter-
pretations , correctness of experimental design, and their applica-
bility to the marine environment.
C-1297-76
IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN A HIGHLY ANOXIC SEDI-
MENT BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS SPECTROMETRY AND HIGH RESOLUTION MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Hites, R.A., and W.G. Biemann. 1975.
Analytical Methods in Oceanography Symposium, Atlantic City, 1974.
T.R.P. Gibb, Jr. (ed.). Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society,
1975. p.188-201. (Advances in Chemical [sic] Series, No. 147.)
Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Rivers, Chromatography,
Spectrometry
Sediment analysis of the Charles River Basin was conducted using gas
chromatographic - mass spectrometry and high resolution mass spec-
trometry. A number of aliphatic and olefinic hydrocarbons, sulfur,
and two esters were identified. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
were the most abundant, and four sources of hydrocarbon input were
cited: petroleum, incomplete combustion, biosynthesis and chemical
dehydrogenation.
[ from Bioresearch Index 12(5): #39091. 1976.]
C-1298-76
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC - MASS SPECTROMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC
COMPUNDS IN A RIVER WATER.
Ishiwatari, R., and T. Hanya. 1974.
Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1973. B. Tissot, and F. Bienner
(eds.). Paris, France, Editors Technip, 1974. p.1052-1065.
Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Spectrometry, Hydrocarbons,
Rivers
A water sample taken from the polluted Tamagawa River, Japan, was
analyzed for organic components using a combined gas Chromatography -
mass spectrometry technique and apparatus. Of 300 organic compounds
detected, 60 could be identified and included numerous aliphatic and
aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, esters, and sterols.
24
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C-1299-76
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN WATER POLLUTION
Jacobson, B.S. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment. R.L. Grob (ed.). New
York, Marcel Dekker, 1975. p.399-427.
Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Detection
Gas chromatography is evaluated as a tool for the characterization
and quantitation of organic materials, including petroleum products,
present at microgram to picogram levels in water samples. Analytical
techniques are reviewed, and accuracy and detection limits are dis-
cussed.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01247. 1976.]
C-l300-76
SYSTEMS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM POLLUTANTS
Kawahara, F.K., and Y.Y.Yang. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry:48(4): 651-655.
Chemical analysis, Source identification, Oil spills, *Infrared
spectrophotometry, *Discriminant analysis
Infrared spectrophotometric analysis with discriminant analysis was
used to correctly characterize and identify 99% of several known and
unknown petroleum samples. Unknown samples included weathered crude
oils, heavy residual fuel oils, and asphalts, The same techniques
are applicable to source identification of oil spills.
C-1301-76
AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES OF WEATHERED NORTHERN CRUDE OILS
Mackay, D., and W.Y. Shiu. 1976.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15(1):101-109.
Crude oil, Solubility, Chemical analysis
The aqueous solubility of crude oil decreases considerably as the
more volatile and soluble hydrocarbons evaporate. Gas stripping
with helium is found to be the best method for determining the solu-
bilities of hydrocarbons more volatile than naphthalene. For the
less volatile hydrocarbons in crude oil, the extraction - evaporation
method is more effective.
25
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C-1302-76
CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS AND SEA-
WATER
May, W.E., S.N. Chesler, S.P. Cram, B.H. Gump, H.S. Hertz, D.P. Enagonio
and S.M. Dyszel. 1975,
Journal of Chromatographic Science 13:535-540.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Seawater,
Sampling
The analytical method developed involves dynamic headspace sampling
for volatile hydrocarbon components of the sample, followed by coupled-
column liquid chromatography for the non-volatile components. Results
of the application of this method to the analysis of samples from sites
of known level hydrocarbon contamination are presented and discussed.
C-1303-76
RISK ANALYSIS AND OIL SPILL EXPECTATION FOR DEEPWATER PORTS
Moser, A.M., M.P. Noel, and J.M. Heckard. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2450. Abstract.
Statistical analysis, Oil spills, Ports, Tankers, Environmental effects,
Models
A statistical analysis of recent oil spill data was conducted to assess
the potential environmental risk from oil spills at two gulf coast su-
perport locations. At present, tankers spill about 161 ppm of the oil
shipped. Operating conditions of the two proposed superports can be
expected to reduce tanker spillage to a range between 0.2 and 2 ppm of
oil shipped. Possible environmental effects of spills are explored,
and an oil spill trajectory model was developed and used to evaluate
the possibility of oil striking land at any particular location.
C-1304-76
DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN WHITE PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
Popl, M., M. Stejskal, and J. Mostecky. 1975.
Analytical Chemistry 47(12):1947-1950.
Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Spectrometry, Aromatic hydro-
carbons, Carcinogens
26
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White petroleum products contain carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) in the parts per billion range, along with some
S and polar compounds. The chromatographic and spectrometric tech-
niques used to separate and identify PAH from these products are
described.
[ from Biological Abstracts 61(7): #38685. 1976.]
C-1305-76
FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS OF BENZENE, NAPHTHALENE, ANTHRACENE, PYRENE,
FLUORANTHENE, AND BENZO[E]PYRENE IN WATER
Schwarz, F.P., and S.P. Wasik. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(3):524-527.
Chemical analysis,Aromatic hydrocarbons, *Aquatic systems, *Spectro-
fluorimetry
Flourescence spectra, quantum yields, and concentration dependencies
were measured for five representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAH) in water to determine the applicability of spectrofluori-
metry in measuring PAH in aquatic systems. Results suggest that PAH
in heavily polluted water near industrial sources can be detected
by this technique.
C-1306-76
ORGANIC MATERIAL OF RECENT CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENTS
Shimoyama, A., and C. Ponnamperuma. 1975.
Geochemical Journal 9(2):85-95.
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sediments, Oil spills, Chesapeake Bay.
Sediment samples from freshwater, brackish and marine environments
were analyzed for various organic components and their distributions.
Samples from a recent oil spill in the vicinity of Chesapeake Bay ex-
hibited a molecular distribution pattern different from those found
in the Bay sediments.
[ from Biological Abstracts 61(9): #47815. 1976.]
C-1307-76
DETERMINATION OF ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE OR-
GANISMS
Warner, J.S. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(3):578-583.
27
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Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Chromatography,
Spectrometry
A simple and reliable method is detailed for determining aliphatic
and aromatic hydrocarbons in concentrations as low as 0.1 to 10
micrograms/gram. The hydrocarbons are first extracted, then sepa-
rated, analyzed, and identified using silica gel and gas chromato-
graphy and chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
[ from Petroleum Abstracts 16(19):219,366. 1976.]
28
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6. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
C-1308-76
GC HELPS TRACE OIL SPILLS
Anon. 1976.
Industrial Research 18(3):C1-C2, C4, C6.
Oil spills, Analytical techniques, Chromatography, Spectroscopy,
Sampling
The U.S. Coast Guard's Research and Development Center has developed
a comprehensive oil spill source identification system that includes
analytical methods, sampling methods, sample transmittal, chain of
custody and record keeping. The basic analytical methods include
gas chromatography (GC), thin-layer chromatography, and infrared
spectroscopy, aided in special cases by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and HPLC. Other techniques are cur-
rently being developed.
[ from Petroleum Abstracts 16(15): #218,374. 1976.]
C-1309-76
TO PROFILE AND RAPIDLY DETERMINE WHETHER A SPILLED OIL SAMPLE MATCHES
A SUSPECTED SOURCE (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(5):412.
Oil spills, Spectrometry, *Spectrophotometry
The U.S. Coast Guard is testing a double-beam spectrophotometer at
its Groton, Connecticut Laboratory. The Perkin-Elmer instrument
offers an accurate and positive identification of an oil spill sam-
ple.
C-1310-76
OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION
Bentz, A.P. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(6):454A-470A.
Oil spills, Oil slicks, Analytical techniques, Weathering, Sampling
The various analytical approaches to the accurate identification of
oil spills are presented. Discussions of the weathering of spilled
29
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oil in the marine environment and the importance of sampling methods
in the oil identification process are included. As no single analyt-
ical method has yet been established as fully characterizing an oil,
a multiparameter approach to oil spill fingerprinting is favored.
C-1311-76
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF FUEL OIL SPILLS
Berg, O.W., P.L. Diosady, R.L. Gutteridge, A.A. Nicholson, and H.L.
Vanesche. 1974.
Conference on Great Lakes Research, 17th, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
1974. Part 1. p.483-492.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Chemical analysis, Spectrometry, Chromatography
Ultraviolet, infrared and fluorescence spectrometry, and gas chromato-
graphy were evaluated for fingerprinting fuel oil spills. Only gas
chromatography, used with a sulfur-sensitive flame photometric detec-
tor, was capable of identifying different brands of fuel oil that had
weathered for over twenty-four hours.
C-1312-76
SOURCES, SINKS, CONCENTRATIONS AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF LIGHT ALIPHATIC
AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
Brooks, J.M. 1975.
Ph.D Thesis, Texas A and M University, College Station. 362p.
Hydrocarbons, Gulf of Mexico, Sampling, Offshore production, Natural
seepage
The spatial distribution and sources of light hydrocarbons in the Gulf
of Mexico were evaluated by sampling 300 sites in the Gulf with a
hydrocarbon "sniffing" apparatus. Offshore production and transpor-
tation are the chief hydrocarbon inputs for coastal waters, followed
by coastal contributions from refineries and runoff. Natural*seepages
were found to be locally important inputs of hydrocarbons.
[from Chemical Abstracts: 84(14):#95409m. 1976.]
C-1313-76
WEATHERED PETROLEUM: ADVANTAGES OF USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR
IDENTIFICATION
Brown, C.W., F.F. Lynch, M. Ahmadjiian, and C.D. Baer. 1975.
American Laboratory 7(12):59-66.
30
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Oil spills, Chemical analysis, Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy can effectively fingerprint the relatively
stable, high-boiling point components of crude oils and is therefore
a method suitable for identifying the source of weathered oil slicks
or oil spills.
[ from Chemical Abstracts 84(14): #92407y. 1976.]
C-1314-76
A GAS LIQUID-GAS SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
OF SOURCES OF OIL POLLUTION
George, A.E., G.T. Smiley, D.S. Montgomery, and H. Sawatzky. 1975.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Special Technical Publi-
cation No. 573. p.271-289.
Crude oil, Chemical analysis, Chromatography
The article describes a new two-step gas chromatographic petroleum
fingerprinting technique that is applicable to the identification
of crude oils. The method provides rapid, highly characteristic
fingerprints of good resolution, and it has the advantage of being
capable of dealing with heavy, residual, high boiling point oils.
[ from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(1):7. 1976.]
C-1315-76
IDENTIFICATION OF CRUDE OILS BY SYNCHRONOUS EXCITATION SPECTROFLUORI-
METRY
John, P. and I. Soutar. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(3):520-524.
Chemical analysis, Oil spills, *Fluorimetry
Various factors influencing the use of the synchronous excitation
fluorimetry technique for fingerprinting oil spills are evaluated
and discussed. The technique shows great promise as a diagnostic
tool for the conclusive identification of unweathered crude oil
spills because of the enhanced details of the spectra produced by
this method.
[ from Chemical Abstracts84(16): #18096j. 1976.]
31
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C-1316-76
TRACE ORGANIC COMPONENTS AS FINGERPRINTS IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENT-
IFICATION OF SPILLED ASPHALTS
Kawahara, F.K. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(7).
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, *Asphalts
Weak acids, mercaptans, and phenols are shown to be effective in finger-
printing heavy petroleum oils by using a new derivative preparation
followed by electron capture detection-gas chromatography. Infrared
and carbon-hydrogen analyses were also employed to verify the source
of the asphalt.
C-1317-76
RECOGNITION AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMERCIAL PETROLEUM
FUELS BY A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUE.1. GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Petrovic, K., and D. Vitorovic. 1976.
Journal of Chromatography 119(l):413-422.
Fuels, Analytical techniques, Chromatography
A simple gas chromatographic fingerprinting technique is described
for the rapid source identification and qualitative characterization
of pollutant petroleum products, such as fuel oils, diesel fuels,
and gasoline and jet fuels. Advantages of the method are short
analysis time, good repeatability, and additional, secondary infor-
mation on fuel characteristics and quality.
32
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B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
C-1318-76
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11 (.4): 55.
Booms, Oil spills, Wastewaters
"Oil boom developed by Oy Nokia Ab has been designed for rapid trans-
port and easy installation. The booms, as part of a range of oil pol-
lution control equipment, may also be used to protect beaches or for
guiding industrial wastewaters to a sheltered inlet for treatment.
For industrial wastes, the boom is increased until it reaches the
sea or lake bed. Guiding booms are up to 4 m high."
C-1319-76
BOOM PERMANENTLY CONTAINS OIL, DEBRIS (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(18):279.
Booms, Oil slicks, Design and engineering
The Seaboom is made of connected panels, each 7 m long, made of 13 mm
thick vinyl, and reinforced with rib handles of urethane. It is De-
signed to be kept in water. One portion is attached to an existing
structure; another portion can enclose a ship. FFI contract B.F.
Goodrich Engineered Systems Co., 430 South Main, Cohassett, Mass. 02025
C-1320-76
BUBBLE BARRIER TRAPS LOADING SPILLS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(4):55.
Oil spills, Harbors, Oil tranfer, *Bubble barrier
"Bubble Barrier, installed by Atlas Copco at the Fredrikskans oil har-
bor, Gavle, Sweden, uses compressed air forced through a hose 2 m be-
low the surface to retain oil spilled during loading operations at the
harbor. The oil is kept within a small area and can be easily removed
by oil spill cleanup equipment. The installation will retain 800 m3
of oil with no wind, or 150 m3 with a wind velocity of 32 km/hr."
33
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C-1321-76
TRANSFORMER PIT LINER HOLDS OIL SPILLS
Anon. 1976.
Electrical Construction and Maintenance 75:80.
Oil spills, Inland, Design and engineering, *Tranformer coolant oil
A method of containing an accidental spill of transformer coolant
oil from a ruptured case has been developed by Commonwealth Edison
Company, Chicago. The design includes the use of a well or pit filled
with rocks to accept the spilled fluid and prevent it from seeping in-
to the ground, contaminating water, storm drains, etc.
C-1322-76
TREATMENT OF OILS SPILLED ON WATERS
Baba, T., T. Sato, and M. Kamei. 1975.
Japanese kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,117,686.
Oil spills
"The area of an oil spill on water is reduced by applying R3(CH2)n
S02NRlR2, or R3(CH2)n CONR^R2 (R1=Cl-7 hydroxalkyl or alkozyalkyl;
R2 = H or C-|_6 alkyl; n = 0-3)."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(14):#95304y. 1976.]
C-1323-76
OIL CONTAINMENT BOOM
Bennett, J.A., and I.R. McAllister. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,924,412
Booms, Design and engineering
This patent relates to a floating, elongate, skirt-like barrier
which is adpated to float so that its upper edge is continuously
above the water surface. Pairs of floats are attached to the flex-
ible barrier at regularly spaced intervals by means of special
tongue and groove connecting devices. These devices permit moder-
ate elongation of the barrier (under tension) without undue wear
of the connecting portions.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(13):#217,920.]
34
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C-1324-76
FLOATING OIL SCREEN
B.F. Goodrich Company. 1975.
Netherlands Application 7,503,569
Oil slicks, Design and engineering, *0il screen
This invention is a floating oil screen for the containment of oil
on water. The screen can be raised or lowered to pass ships by means
of elements mounted on opposite sides of the sheet-like screen.
These elements keep the screen in the proper position when the bar-
rier is floating or in an underwater position.
[ from Petroleum Abstracts 16(12): #217,701. 1976.]
C-1325-76
THE ANALYSIS OF A CONTAINED EMULSIFIED OIL SLICK
Collins, D.J., G.D.M. MacKay, and K.T. Wong. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2694. Abstract.
Booms, Oil slicks, Emulsions
This paper describes the performance of an oil containment boom for
holding emulsified oil slicks. Unlike typical viscous oil slicks,
which are Newtoniam fluids, many emulsified oil slicks are Bingham
Plastics in character, and thus behave differently during contain-
ment. For example, emulsified oil slicks can be contained within
a boom at much greater velocities than viscous oil slicks.
C-1326-76
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF OIL HERDERS
Nagy, E. 1974.
Water - 1974: I. Industrial Wastewater Treatment. G.F. Bennett
(ed.). New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1974.
p. 243-246. (AIChE Symposium Series, Vol. 70, no. 144.)
Oil slicks, Crude oil, *0il herders
Oil herders are surfactant membranes that either prevent the spread-
ing of oil films or compress thin oil films into thicker oil lenses.
This paper reports on a laboratory method which evaluates the effec-
tiveness of commerical oil herders when used on refined or fresh
and weathered crude oils.
35
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C-1327-76
OIL SPILL CONTAINING BOOM
Neal, J.H. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,921,407
The boom is a floating barrier consisting of an oil-containing mesh
material stretched between spaced vertical spars. The spars are
weighted and constructed to automatically rise into vertical position
in water. The boom is light, can be stored on a reel, and is readily
deployed around a spill.
[from Petroleum Abstract 16(11):#217,417. 1976.]
mt
nnjifrn
C-1328-76
FLOATING OILFENCE
Pocke, J.M. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,925,991
Booms, Design and engineering
A floating barrier capable of containing oil on any large body of
water is described. The barrier consists of interlocking pontoons
which are connected by extremely flexible, sealed couplings that
36
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permit vertical, horizontal, lateral and longitudinal movement with-
out allowing oil to seep out between the pontoons. The pontoons
can be used to store the oil until pickup by other vessels.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(13):#217,921. 1976.]
3,925,991
FLOATING OIL FENCE
John M. Poche, 6317 Franklin Ave., New Orleans, La. 70122
Filed July 24, 1974, S«r. No. 491,522
Int. Cl.! E02B 15/04
U.S. Cl. 61—IF 12 Claims
C-1329-76
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AIR BUBBLE IN A BODY OF LIQUID
Schramm, H.O. and J.R. McCullough. 1976.
Canadian Patent 982,448
Oil slicks, Design and engineering
The effectiveness of air barriers in confining surface water pollu-
tants depends largely on the uniformity of air pressure in a per-
forated bubbler hose. An auxiliary distributin conductor carries
the air under high pressure and transmits it via a number of spaced
interconnections to the bubbling hose, which is provided with
pressure regulators.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(12):#217,697. 1976.]
C-1330-76
FLOATING BOOM HAVING ROTATABLE FLOAT ELEMENTS
Tanksley, N.D. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,922,860
Booms, Oil spills, Design and engineering
A floating barrier for the containment of oil and other floating
pollutants is described. The boom consists of an elongate sheet-
37
-------
like partition and floats mounted at intervals over its length.
The floats include plate like float elements which can rotate about
a horizontal axis to and from a deployed position. The boom is
foldable and forms a compact unit, capable of rapid deployment when
needed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(12):#217,698. 1976.]
.1,922,86(1
FLOATING BOOM HAVING ROTATAHLE FLOAT
ELEMENTS
Necld 1). Tank.slcy, Walnut Cr«*k, Calif., assignor to Pacific
Pollution Control, Kmcryville. Calif.
Filed Sept. 30, 1974, Scr. No. 510,290
Int. CI.J E02B 15/04
U.S. C.T. 61—1 F 10 Claims
38
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-1331-76
AGGLOMERATION OF OIL BY PETROLEUM PROTEINS
Abe, K., S. Tomita, Y. Matsuda, K. Terashima, and Y. Ando. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 40,485
Oil spills, Cleanup, *Agglomeration
An oil-agglomerate-forming agent to treat oil spills on water is
prepared from petroleum proteins and, optionally, an equal amount
of water-soluble high-molecular weight acids or alcohols. The formed
oil agglomerates are collected and disposed.
[ from Chemical Abstracts 84(10): #65009p. 1976.]
C-l332-76
CLEANUP OF INLAND OIL SPILLS
Agius, P.O., H. Jagger, D.R. Fussell, and G.L. Johnes. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Vol. 6. p. 297-304.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Inland, Contingency planning
A knowledge of probable sources, size of spills, and their behavior
under different conditions greatly effects spill cleanup. Prior
planning and preparation, coordination of efforts, and provision of
cleanup kits are stressed in dealing with oil spillage.
[ from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20): #219,580. 1976.]
C-1333-76
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):415.
Cleanup, Pollution prevention, OCS, Arctic, Bibliographies
In conduction with the University of Alaska Agricultural Experiment
Station, Arctec Inc., of Columbia, Maryland, will survey and evalu-
ate existing OCS pollution equipment and its suitability for arctic
environments. The research includes a compilation of literature on
effects and control of oil pollution in arctic to subarctic regions,
39
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C-1334-76
AN OIL SPILL RECOVERY SYSTEM (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(2):117.
Oil spills, Recovery, Absorption
The system is designed to pick up nearly 190,000 1/hr of oil and can
operate in seas resulting from wind velocities as high as 45 km/hr.
The invention uses 3.6 million chips/hr. of polyurethane foam. Chips
are sprayed on an oil spill, collected, and squeezed dry and reused.
The Navy Civil Engineering Laboratory expects that the system will
be available for open-sea cleanup by early 1977.
C-1335-76
BLANKET SOAKS UP OIL SPILLS; MICROBE CONVERTS THEM INTO FISH FOOD
Anon. 1975.
Machine Design 47(0ct. 16):4.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Absorption, Biodegradation, Microorganisms
Owens - Corning Fiberglas Corp. has developed a floating absorbent
fiberglas blanket called Glasorb, which can absorb up to 40 times
its weight in oil. Dr. A.M. Chakrabarty of the GE Research and
Development Center has genetically engineered a "supermicrobe"
which biodegrades oil at several times the rate of any other organ-
ism, and converts it to protein-rich food.
C-l336-76
CAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS DESTROY OIL SPILLS? (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(5):65.
Oil spills, Cleanup, *Photosensitizer chemicals
Germany's Batelle Institut e.V. (Frankfurt/Main) is evaluating the
effectiveness of photosensitizer chemicals in destroying oil films
on water. As many as 40 photosensitizers will be screened. Envi-
ronmental effects of the chemicals will not be studied until leading
compounds are Selected.
40
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C-l337-76
CONTINUOUS SWEEPS RETRIEVE FLOATING OIL (product information)
Anon, 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(14):161.
Recovery, Oil spills, Absorption, Design and engineering
Continuous sweeps can absorb up to 22 times their weight in recovered
oil and remain afloat when fully saturated. Each sweep is 30 m long,
0.5 m wide and 6 mm thick, weighs about 5.7 kg, and can be quickly
unrolled and spread across the water surface. FFI contact Conwed
Corporation, 332 Minnesota St., St. Paul, Minnesota 55101.
C-l338-76
DISPERSING OIL IN WATER WITH ALKYDS CONTAINING POLYALKYLENE GLYCOL
Anon. 1975.
Belgian Patent 824-514
Dispersants, Cleanup, Pipelines, Wastewater treatment
The method described is effective in dispersing oil on water, secondary
recovery processes, recovering oil from tar sands, and cleaning of
pipelines and tank linings. Once dispersed by the process, the oil
droplets do not readily combine.
[ from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):#74-02583. 1976.]
C-1339-76
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT SEA (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(4):170.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Harbors, Japan
The Japanese Maritime Safety Agency has established a program of
cleaning up oil-contaminated sea water in partially enclosed sea
areas such as Tokyo Bay, Osaka Bay, Inland Sea, and the Waters of
Ariake. In addition, the agency has been promoting the development
of equipment for preventing and cleaning up large oil spills.
41
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C-1340-76
EXISTING METHODS CAN CLEAN SOME ARCTIC SPILLS
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(13):78.
Oil spills, Arctic, Detection, Cleanup, Disposal
According to Arctec Inc., Columbia, Maryland, certain types of fuel
and crude oil spilled in marine areas with broken ice can be recovered
with existing methods and equipment. Artec is presently researching
and evaluating available information on detection, containment, re-
covery, transfer, storage, and disposal equipment for possible use-
fulness in Arctic and subarctic regions.
C-1341-76
IMBIBER BEADS NOW USED TO SOAK UP OIL SPILLS (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Petroleum Marketer(March April 76):9,25-27.
Recovery, Oil spills, Absorption
Imbibitive polymer beads have the capacity to soak up 27 time their
own volume in oil. They can be used in ocean oil spills, oil refine-
ries, manufacturing plants and service station pumps and tanks. FFI
contact Gedor Environmental Protection Corporation, 1313 South Newburgh
Road, Westland, Michigan, 48185-.
C-1342-76
LOCKHEED OIL SKIMMER WILL BE USED IN BEAUFORT SEA (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(4):370.
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Beaufort Sea, Design and engineering
The Lockheed Clean Sweep oil skimmer is a craft specially designed
for operation in artic ice-laden waters. It features a high-capacity
space heater to warm the oil collection trough and a tumbler bar which
submerges the encountered floating ice chunks and shoves them behind
the craft. The unit is designed to recover 200 liters of oil per min-
ute and is equipped with storage pontoons.
C-1343-76
METHOD FOR CLEANING HIGH SEAS OIL SPILLS
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(5):151.
42
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Oil spills, Recovery, Oil-water separation, Skimmers
A new ocean-going oil spill recovery ship, the Ocean Oil Scooper,
has been developed by Trygve Thune A/S of Oslo, Norway. When in
operation, two doors in the ship's square bow open to form a scoop,
and the vessel passes through the oil slick at a speed of 6.5 km/hr.,
recovering oil at a rate of up to 420 metric tons/hr. (460 tons/hr.)
assuming an oil film of 5 mm thickness. The ship has oil-water sep-
aration equipment and storage tanks for several hundred tons of
recovered oil.
C-l344-76
MOP INVENTION AIDS RECOVERY OF SPILLED OIL (product information)
Anon. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(2):7B.
Recovery, Oil spills, Absorption, Design and engineering
Oil mop, consisting of plastic feather-like strands fused on a plastic
rope and a wringer, has been developed for small and medium size oil
spills. The oil is soaked up by the feather strands which are then
squeezed by the wringer to recover the oil. FFI contact: Oil Mop
Inc., Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037.
C-l345-76
NAVY OIL-SPILL SYSTEM PICKS UP 1,000 BARRELS-PER-HOUR
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(4):121-122.
Oil spills, Recovery, Absorption, *Polyurethane chips
The Navy oil-spill recovery system uses 3.6 million polyurethane
foam chips an hour to absorb a spill. Recovery involves four steps:
spraying chips across a 6 m wide oil path, guiding the chips onto a
collecting belt, squeezing the chips "dry" of oil, and returning the
chips to the system for reuse. Successful open-sea tests have been
conducted in rough waters with 1.2 m Waves.
C-1346-76
NEW 12 OZ. ABSORBENT CATCHES 30 LBS. OF OIL (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(11):136-137.
43
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Recovery, Absorption, Oil slicks
Petro-Trap is a floating absorbent pad which absorbs oil but lets
water pass by its rugged outer jacket. When the pad is saturated,
the oil can be wrung out and the absorbent is ready for reuse.
The device will not sink. FFI contact Petro-Trap, P.O. Box 157,
Westport, Massachusetts 02790.
C-1347-76
NEW SKIMMER VERSION IS RADIO CONTROLLED (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(20):254.
Skimmers, Recovery, Oil slicks, Refineries
Lockheed's Clean Sweep oil skimmer, a radio controlled device,
operates on the principle that oil adheres to a metal surface and
water runs off. Powered hydraulically by an onboard 25 hp. diesel
engine, the 0.6 m diameter, 1.2 m long Clean Sweep drum recovers
about 150 liters/m. It is designed for refinery ponds. FFI con-
tact Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. Inc., Box 504, Bldg. 10,
Sunnyvale, California 94088.
C-1348-76
NOVEL OIL SKIMMER CONCEPT (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(4):240.
Skimmers, Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
A new oil recovery device, called the Inclined Plane Oil Skimmer,
has been developed by the Mitsui Ocean Development and Engineering
Company, Ltd. The device is built into the hull of a vessel, has
no moving parts and needs no maintenance. Oil is channeled along
an inclined plane into a well in the vessel from where it is pumped
into storage tanks.
C-1349-76
OIL SPILL ABSORBANT (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(5):67.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Absorption
44
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Sorb-Oil absorbs many times its own weight of hydrocarbons. Designed
for use in drains, drift tanks and oil handling areas, it is available
in mats, booms and chips. FFI contact: Ling Products, Inc., Environ-
mental Division.
C-1350-76
OFFSHORE PATROL CRAFT WITH BUILT IN OIL SKIM SYSTEM (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(17):184.
Oil spills, Recovery, Containment, Design and engineering
A modular oil spill containment and recovery system has been designed
which can be built into patrol craft or other vessels. The system
comprises two skimmer modules, one built into the hull on each side
of the ship. These are used together with inflatable oil booms that
project forward and out in a vee configuration. The oil recovery
rate, using two 150 m booms, exceeds 1000 tons per hour.
C-1351-76
OIL SKIMMERS NOW IN SERVICE (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Western Fisheries 91(6):33.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Booms
The first five of 24 oil skimmer vessels manufactured for the U.S.
Navy by the Marine Construction and Design Co. of Seattle (Marco),
are ready for transport to naval bases around the world. The 11-
meter vessels can be towed at high speeds to spill sites and rapidly
deployed with oil containment booms to maneuver through a spill area,
recovering oil and debris.
C-1352-76
OIL SPILL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Anon. 1975.
Marine Equipment News 6(2):18-19.
Oil spills, Recovery, Design and engineering
Summary not available.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 7(5):#7510-1327. 1976.]
45
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C-1353-76
OIL SPILL SWEEPER (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(4):46.
Oil spills, Recovery, Design and Engineering
National Marine Service has developed an oil spill sweeper vessel
capable of oil recovery rates of up to about 180 metric tons/hour
(200 tons/hour). The "Hydrovac" picks up oil without forming emu!'
sions. FFI contact National Marine Service.
C-1354-76
PETROTECH DRAWS BIG EUROPEAN CROWD
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):282.
Skimmers, Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills
Among the highlights in the fourth biennial international exhibition
and congress, Petrotech '76, was the display of the Komara Mini-
skimmer. The skimmer weighs only 50 kilograms and is designed for
clearing oil in water as shallow as 20 cm. The skimmer will recover
up to 16 tons of oil per hour and can handle oils of all viscosities.
C-1355-76
PROVING OUT POLLUTION CLEANUP
Anon. 1975.
Surveyor 9(1):16-19.
Cleanup, Containment, Oil slicks, Design and engineering
The EPA has constructed a larqe oil and hazardous materials simulated
environmental test tank (OHMSETT). The tank (203 x 20 x 3.3 m) tests
and compares oil cleanup equipment under controlled condition with-
out polluting the environment. OHMSETT is equipped to spread and
contain oil slicks, simulate waves up to 3/4 m high, wavelengths to
30 m, water currents to 11 km/hr. It recycles virtually all test
materials.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(1):#76-00194. 1976.]
46
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C-1356-76
QUALIFICATIONS FOR TESTING OF OIL SPILL REMOVAL/RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
AND SYSTEMS
Anon, (date unknown)
Battelle-Northwest, Engineering Technology Department Rich!and,
Washington 99352.
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, *Testing
Battelle-Northwest has been active in technical areas concerning
the testing of oil spill removal/recovery equipment. The test site
consists of a large concrete water basin, wave generator, wind gener-
ator, towing trolleys, etc. Several evaluations have been done on
full-size prototype and production model skimmers.
C-1357-76
SEATTLE BASED 'CLEAN SOUND1 GROUP ORDERS 58-FOOT OIL SKIMMER
Anon. 1976.
Western Fisheries 92(2):14,16.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering, Puget Sound
An 18 m oil spill recovery vessel, developed by Marine Construction
and Design Co., Seattle, has been ordered for use in the Puget Sound
by Clear Sound, the Seattle-based cooperative of oil and oil trans-
port companies concerned with spill prevention and cleanup. The
operating capabilities of the recovery vessel are described.
C-1358-76
SKIMMER WORKS LOW VOLUMES (product information)
Anon. 1976.
The Oil and Gas Journal 74(22):74.
Recovery, Oil slicks, Skimmers
The Floating Saucer Skimmer, Model FS50SK-17E, requires a minimum
water depth of 23.5 cm and weighs 11.3 kg. Completely self-contained,
it floats on the surface and skims thick or thin slicks as needed.
The entire unit is sealed and never needs external lubrication.
FFI contact Acme Products Co., Box 51388, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74151.
C-1359-76
SORBENT SCIENCES (product information)
Anon.
Spill Control Company, 828 N. Grand Ave., Covina, Ca. 91724.
47
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Cleanup, Oil spills, Absorption, *0leophilic polyurethane foams
Several brochures describe the company's comprehensive line of oil
spill cleanup products which are based on specially treated, oleo-
philic polyurethane foams. The products include absorbent booms,
pillows, mats, filters, sheets, sweeps and modular cleanup kits for
use on land and in water.
C-1360-76
SYSTEM RECOVERS OIL FROM WATER (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(9):68.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
The "Scavenger" recovers light crude and No. 2 fuel oils, diesel and
jet fuels, and gasoline from the water surface. The unit is designed
for permanent installation in ponds, wells, and for portable use in
spill recovery. FFI contact Oil Recovery Systems, Inc., Mason,
New Hampshire.
C-1361-76
TURN ANY VESSEL INTO AN OIL RECOVERY UNIT (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(4):245.
Containment, Recovery, Oil slicks, Design and engineering
Bennett Pollution Controls, Ltd., features a modular oil containment
and recovery system that can be installed in many types of offshore
vessels. Ships can be provided with rapid and effective oil pollu-
tion control with this device, which has recovery rates in excess
of 1000 tons of oil per hour.
C-1362-76
TWO MINI-SKIMMERS AGAINST POLLUTION
Anon. 1975.
Industrie du Petrole en Monde, Gaz-chimie 43(10):36-37.
Skimmers, Design and engineering, Cleanup, Oil spills
48
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In response to the Torrey Canyon incident, British Petroleum has
deployed the "Seapack", an antipollution system based on mobile
barriers, and the "Seaskimmer", a mobile skimmer unit. Four sepa-
rate centers in Lavera, Durban, Kent and Cowes are equipped with
these systems.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(13):#217,922. 1976,]
C-1363-76
UNEP MEETS BIG BUSINESS
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):17-19.
Cleanup, Pollution prevention, Industries, International agreements
The article discusses the activities of the UN Environment Programme
dealing with industry, both at the multinational level and at the
regional level, in areas of pollution prevention and cleanup. The
Symposium on Petroleum and Environmental Conservation, Teheran, 1975,
sponsored jointly by UNEP and the International Petroleum Industry
Environmental Conservation Association, is presented as an example
of the agency's effort in this field.
C-1364-76
URETHANE FOAM-CHIEF ACTOR IN NAVY'S EFFICIENT NEW OIL SPILL RECOVERY
SYSTEM
Anon. 1976.
Western Plastics 2(4):6.
Oil spills, Recovery, Absorption, *Urethane foam
The Navy's Civil Engineering Laboratory has successfully tested a
prototype sorbent oil spill recovery system which is capable of re-
covering about 190,000 liters of oil per hour. The system is port-
able by aircraft, can be attached to many types of ships and can be
readied for use within twelve hours. It consists of a broadcaster,
which continually spreads up to 3.6 million small urethane chips
per hour over a 6 meter wide swath; a boom-like herding barrier
which confines the oil and the chips; a harvester which picks up
the saturated chips; and a regenerator which squeezes out the oil
and recycles the chips to the broadcaster. The method works effec-
tively in rough weather conditions.
49
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C-1365-76
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DISPERSIVE CAPACITY OF PREPARATIONS
USED FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WATER SURFACE (English summary)
Antonova, N.M., O.S. Mochalova, I.A. Nemirovskaya and M.P. Nesterova.
1975.
Okeanologiya 15(2):333-337.
Dispersants, Cleanup, Oil spills
A simple, rapid and effective method which uses a centrifugal field
is proposed for the evaluation of dispersants which remove pollutant
oil from water.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(5):#28466. 1976.]
C-1366-76
BELT DEVICE FOR COLLECTING FLOATING MATTER FROM WATER SURFACE
Aramaki, K., H. Kawakami, and M. Suzuki. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,907,685
Recovery, Oil spills, Oil slicks, Design and engineering
The invention relates to an apparatus consisting of an endless belt
and pulley system, which is partially submerged in a body of water
and positioned at an acute angle to the direction of water flow.
This design and arrangement permits the accurate collection of float-
ing oil or other pollutants.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(4):#W76-01772. 1976.]
C-1367-76
COAST WARD'S RESPONSE TO SPILLED OIL
Ard, R.W., Jr., 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(3):239-242.
Oil spills, Remote sensing, Recovery, Source identification, Design
and engineering, *U.S. Coast Guard
The responsibilities of the U.S. Coast Guard in oil spill prevention
and control are delineated. The technology used by the Coast Guard
to detect, recover and identify spills is reviewed.
50
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C-1368-76
SYSTEM MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF TWO FAST CURRENT OIL REMOVAL SYSTEMS
Ard, R.W., Jr., R. Ayers, and R. Beach. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2691. Abstract.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The U.S. Coast Guard has undertaken a program to develop oil recovery
systems which will recover oil at relative velocities exceeding 2 km/hr.
Two recovery systems have been chosen for further development: the
Shell Development Company's ZRV (Zero Relative Velocity) Belt Skimmer,
and the Seaward, Inc. Streaming Fiber Device.
C-1369-76
OIL RECOVERY FROM OIL CONTAMINATED WATER
Author unknown. 1974.
Netherlands Patent 7,313,109
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
Separation of oil from water is effected by a floating device with
inlet openings and a collecting chamber for contaminated water.
The collecting chamber has an arched cover which comes in contact
with the contaminated water surface and is equipped with an oil
uptake device to bring the oil into the collecting chamber.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):#02830. 1976.]
C-1370-76
OIL RECOVERY FROM SPILLS ON WATER
Author unknown. 1974.
Netherlands Patent 7,212,980
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The patent relates to a box-like floating oil skimmer supported
laterally by flotation pontoons. The open front inlet of the skim-
mer brings the skimmed oil and water mixture down a slope into an
oil-water separation zone. The oil then flows over an adjustable
weir into a collection sump; the water is discharged. The whole
apparatus is easily dismantled and transported.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):#02831. 1976.]
51
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C-1371-76
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF DETERGENTS ON TYPICAL BILGE WATERS AND
CORRELATION OF OIL PARTICLE SIZES
Batutis, E., H. Hogue, and J. McGinn. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-117-75, Contact DOT-CG-43287. 222p.
Detergents, Bilges, Emulsification
The study determined the extent of emulsification caused by synthetic
detergents on eight oils as a function of detergent type (catlonic,
anionic, or non-ionic), concentration, temperature, pH, and salinity
of the continuous (external) phase. The results and conclusions are
documented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(7):#AD-A020172/36A. 1976.]
C-1372-76
CLEANUP OF OIL POLLUTION AT SEA AND ON COASTS
Beynon, L.R. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Vol. 6. p.315-323.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Contingency planning
The article summarizes recent efforts to make oil spill retrieval
possible under a wide variety of conditions and circumstances.
Recent emphasis has also been on proper contingency planning and
on methods and materials which do not in themselves have consider-
able ecological side effects.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20):#219,583. 1976.]
C-1373-76
DETERGENT COMPOSITION
Blanchard, P.M.,and D.G. Meeks. 1975.
British Patent 1,419,803
Cleanup, Dispersants, Oil spills, Oil slicks, *Detergents
The patent applies to three compositions for detergents that will
disperse oil spills. The formulations can be directly disseminated
in sea water for oil slicks or dissolved in kerosene for work on
polluted beaches.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):123801d. 1976.]
52
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C-1374-76
USE OF POLYMERIC QUATERNARY AMMONIUM BETAINES AS WATER CLARIFIERS
Buriks, R.S., and A.R. Fauke. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,929,635
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coagulation
Treatment of maleic an hydride-vinyl monomer copolymers with tertiary
amines and alkylene oxides results in the formation of the title
chemicals, which are useful in coagulating oils in wastewater and
for demulsifying oil emulsions from crude petroleum storage tanks.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(17):122813x. 1976.]
C-1375-76
APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING CONTAMINATED WATER
Chastan-Bagnis, L. 1975.
British Patent 1,408,451
Recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering
Surface oil contaminants can be collected by an apparatus consisting
of a shallow, scoop-like receptacle which is designed to bring the
contaminated surface layer of water toward the rear end of the scoop;
the contaminated water is then pumped into a storage container.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(19):219,373. 1976.]
C-1376-76
OIL SKIMMER WITH LEAD FLOAT AND HINGED WEIR
Crisafulli, A.J. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,923,661
Skimmers, Recovery, Oil slicks, Design and engineering
This collecting and skimming device for removing oil or other float-
ing pollutants consists of two main parts: a U-shpaed flotation or
pontoon unit; and a combined collection and pumping unit, with a
53
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hinge-mounted weir plate and a lead float to keep the weir plate at
the proper position in water. The weir plate can respond to varia-
tions in wave heights.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(12) :#217,699. 1976.]
3,923,061
Oil. SKI MM KK WITH I.KAI) H.OA I AND IIINCiKI) \VFIK
AiiKelo .1- Oisufulli, licix 1051, t;iviidivv. Mom. 59330
Fili-il June 28, 1974, Ser. No. 4H5.147
Int. CI." F.02U 1510-1
U.S. Cl. 210-242 6 Claims
C-1377-76
DEVICE FOR RECOVERING POLLUTING PRODUCTS SPREAD OVER THE WATER SURFACE,
IN PARTICULAR OIL PRODUCTS
Degobert, P., F. Kermarrec, and Y. Nadand. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,912,635
Recovery, Oil slicks, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The patent relates to a passive skimming and collecting device which
selectively recovers floating liquids that are immiscible with water.
The device is a floating container, constructed in part of a porous
hydrophobic and oleophilic material, which is readily penetrated by
the pollutant but effectively excludes water. The ballasted container
absorbs and stores the pollutant for removal.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(5):64. 1976.]
3,91 2,635
DEVICE FOR RECOVERING POU.UTINC. PRODUCTS
SPREAD OVER THE WATKK SURFACE, IN PARTICULAR
OIL PRODUCTS
Paul Degobert; Francois Kermarrec, both of Rueil-Malmaison,
and Yvon Nadaud, Sainl-Ouen, all of France, assignors to
liislituf Francais du Petrole, des Carhurants et LubrifianU,
France
Filed Aug. 24, 1973, Ser. No. 391,520
Claims priority, application France, Sept. 18, 1972,
72.33068
Int. Cl.2 E02B 15104
U.S. Cl. 210-242 W Claims
C-1378-76
IMPROVED DYNAMIC INCLINE PLANE ENDLESS BELT LAMINAR OIL COLLECTION
Der, J.J. 1975.
U.S. Patent Application AD-D001 932/3
Recovery, Oil slicks, Design and engineering, *0il collector
In this oil recovering device, a double incline-plane endless belt
guides water into a collection chamber in its laminar state. An
54
1
c
• IA
C
-
L
f
p
, '
I
-------
adjustable slot at the intake of the collection chamber minimizes
the water content of the recovered mixture, allowing the oil collector
to operate more efficiently and at high speeds.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76{7):#PAT-APPL-625 336/GA.
1976.]
C-1379-76
EFFICIENCY AND RETENTIVITY TESTING AND PERFORMANCE OF SINKING AGENTS
IN THE REMOVAL OF OIL SPILLS
Dick, J.G., and A. Feldman. 1975.
Environmental Conservation Directorate Economic and Technical Review,
Report EPS-3-EC-75-1. 64p.
Sinking agents, Oil spills, Recovery
This special report identifies techniques for the testing of sinking
agents to measure their efficiency in removing oil and retaining oil
after the sinking action. The effects of oil layer thickness, free
removal and retentivity efficiency are also examined.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(2):#76-01264. 1976.]
C-1380-76
OIL POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNIQUES OFFSHORE
Engdahl, R. 1975.
The Copenhagen Offshore Craft Conference. K.D. Troup (ed.). London,
Thomas Reed Industrial Press Ltd., 1975. p.111-116.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Booms, Skimmers, Dispersants
This paper describes five basic systems used by the Swedish Coast
Guard to fight offshore oil spills. The larqest system uses a 225
metric ton ship equipped with an inflatable oil boom and floating
skimmer connected to a tanker or inflatable containers. Other
systems include a conveyor belt and a drum formed floating skimmer;
a landing-craft-type work boat equipped with various types of oil
booms, pickup devices, and storage containers; and a system with
portable suction pumps. The last system, used especially for lumpy
or viscous oils, employs a specially designed surface operating
trawl and derrick-handled gripper apparatus. Widely spread oils are
absorbed with peatmoss or synthetics, burned, dispersed with surfactants,
or submerged to facilitate biological and chemical degradation.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(1):J712. 1976.]
55
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C-1381-76
OIL ABSORBENT MADE OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS
Fujimura, T., M. Taniguchi, and S. Hane. 1975.
Japanese Patent 75 05,154
Recovery, Oil spills, Waste oil, Ships, Absorption, *Lipophilic fibers
Porous sheets, mats, tows and ropes processed from lipophilic poly-
proylene fibers, have excellent oil absorbing capacity, speed, and
retention characteristics. The material removes waste oil leaking
from ships, waste oil from factories, and oil from sunken tankers.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126451a. 1976.]
C-1382-76
OIL ABSORBENT MATERIAL
Fischer Holding Ltd. 1975.
British Patent 1,407,485
Absorption, Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, *Peat fibers
When the moisture content of peat is reduced to below 10%, it loses
its hydrophilic qualities and becomes hydrophobic and can then be
used as a hydrophobic oil absorbent material for spill cleanup and
recovery. A method for separating and drying the peat fibers for
optimum absorbency is described.
[from Petroleum Abstractsl6(19):219,360. 1976.]
C-1383-76
TESTS OF OIL RECOVERY DEVICES IN A BROKEN ICE FIELD
Getman, J.H., L.A. Schulz, and P.C. Deslauriers. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2695. Abstract.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering, *Equipment testing
The U.S. Coast Guard is conducting tests on several oil spill re-
covery devices which may be effective for recovery in ice-infested
waters. The paper describes the test program and results. Both
Lockheed and Marco spill recovery units successfully recovered oil
under simulated conditions but proved unreliable in cold environ-
ment field tests. Necessary modifications for improved performance
have been identified and have been implemented for further tests.
56
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C-1384-76
PERFORMANCE TESTS OF OFF-THE-SHELF OIL SKIMMERS
Griffiths, R. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2696. Abstract.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering, *Equipment
testing
Five commercially available protected-water oil recovery devices were
tested for their performance characteristics by the U.S. Coast Guard
at the Environmental Protection Agency's test tank facility (OHMSETT).
The results of these tests are useful for comparing these five systems
for possible inclusion in an oil spill response system.
C-l385-76
TERRESTIAL [sic] SPILLAGE OF OIL IN THE ARCTIC
Herschmiller D.W., and R.D. Revel. 1974.
Water - 1974. I. Industrial Wastewater Treatment. G.F. Bennett (ed.).
New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1974. p.254-260.
(AICHE Symposium Series, Vol. 70, no. 144.)
Oil spills, Inland, Arctic, Contingency planning, Cleanup, Disposal
"Based on selected ecological considerations and environmental para-
meters, a generalized coverage of the applicability of present day
oil spill technology to the Arctic is presented. The present mode
of approach for combating oil spills is highlighted, and the challenge
of the many problems awaiting solution is elucidated."
C-l386-76
RECOVERY OF OIL AND OIL-SOLUBLE CONTAMINANTS FROM THE SURFACE OF
WATER
Hoegberg, R.G., and W.S. Tyler. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,905,902
Recovery, Oil slicks, Design and engineering, *01eophilic discs
A device and method are described which permit the recovery of oil
or oil soluble contaminants from the water surface while minimizing
57
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the simultaneous pickup of water. The device consists basically of
partially submerged oleophilic polymer discs which are rotated through
the water and pick up contaminants at their rims. The contaminants are
mechanically removed from the discs.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(4}:#W76-01714. 1976.]
3,905,902
RECOVERY OF Oil- AND DISSOLUBLE
CONTAMINANTS FROM THK SURFACE OK WATER
Ruth G. HocgberK, 209 Mulroy I.n., Wullinijford, l»a. 19086,
and Waller S. Tyler, Valley View, R.I). No. 1, Landi&burt;,
Pa. 17040
Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 180,729, Sept. IS, 1971,
abandoned. This application Sept. 10, 197.1, Ser. No. 395,683
Int. Cl.» BOin 1.1/00
U.S. Cl. 210—30 10 Claims
C-1387-76
PREVENTION-THE SOLUTION TO OIL SPILLS
Jones, D.R. 1974.
Water-1974: I. Industrial Wastewater Treatment. G.F Bennetl
New York, American Institute of Chcsnncal Engineers, 1974. p.247-253.
(AICHE Symposium Series, Vol 70, no.144.)
Pollution prevention, Government agencies, Oil spills, Recovery,
Cleanup, Oil discharges
In spite of increasingly effective contingency planning and techno-
logy available for cleanup and control of oil spills, only about 20
percent of oil spilled in U.S. waters in 1972 was recovered.
now recognized that a vigorous offense in the form of spi preven-
tion is the only really effective solution. Current spil prevention
programs of the U.S. Coast Guard and the Environmental Protection
Agency are outlined and reviewed. These programs are designed to
prevent discharges of oil from onshore and offshore facilities during
production,transfer, and storage of oil.
58
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C-1388-76
BAGASSE OIL CATCHES
Kinorshita, H. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 05,289
Adsorption, Cleanup, Recovery, *Bagasse
"Bagasse activated at 80-100° was sprayed with 2% molten stearic acid
and formed using 20% aqueous CM-cellulose as binder to give adsorbent
useful as oil catch."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#155381h. 1976.]
C-l389-76
EFFECTS OF THREE EMULSIFYING AGENTS AGAINST CRUDE OIL ON THE PRIMARY
PRODUCTION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNITY OF BENTHIC DIATOMS
Lacaze, J.C. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-TR-56-75, PB-237-812-T/BE. 19p.
[Translation of Vie Milieu (France) 28(1), series B. p.51-57. 1972-
1973.]
Emulsifiers, Biological effects, Microorganisms, *Benthic diatoms
The effects of three oil emulsifying agents on the primary productivity-
of benthic diatoms were studied. Two substances, Sefoil and Corexit,
do not change primary production; while the third, Gamosol, is toxic.
[from EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly. Jan.-March, 1975. PB-242-
075-01.]
C-1390-76
INFLUENCE OF THE ILLUMINATION OF A NON-IONIC SURFACTANT USED FOR THE
DISPERSION OF OIL SPILLS AT SEA
Lacaze, J.C. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-TR-59-75, PB-237-805-T/BE. lOp.
[Translation of Comptes Rendus (France)277:409-412. 1973.]
Oil spills, Dispersions, Biodegradation, Surfactants, *Illumination
Preliminary studies on the influence of illumination indicate that
even a weak illumination can slow down the biodegradation process.
[from EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly. Jan.-March, 1975. PB-
242-075-01.]
59
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C-1391-76
LOW TOXICITY OIL EMULSIFIER
Makabe, K., and T. Imamura. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 40,483
Cleanup, Emulsification, Oil spills, Toxicity, Marine organisms
Polyglycerol derivatives containing > 1 acyloxy and alkylenedioxy
groups are significantly more efficient than conventional oil emul*
sifiersfor oil spills; they have a far lower toxicity to fish and
other sea life.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79330y. 1976.]
C-1392-76
DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
Mann, A.H. 1975.
British Amended Patent 1,280,259
Cleanup, Oil spills, Emulsification, *Detergents
"Detergents useful for emulsifying petroleum oils spilled on water
or on shores and which have reduced toxicity for aquatic life com-
prise 15-30% polyoxyethylene glycol monooleate, mol. wt. 480, and
odorless kerosine."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126524b. 1976.]
C-l393-76
FUEL MADE FROM THERMOPLASTIC FIBERS AND OIL
Martinez, B.P. and M.D. Zeisberg. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,923,472
Reuse, Waste oil, Absorption
The patent relates to a process and system in which waste oil, such
as oil spilled in water, is first collected and absorbed by a filter
made of thermoplastic synthetic fibers. When saturated with oil,
the fibers are heated until they are liquified. The resulting liquid
is then used as fuel.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#124288d. 1976.]
60
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C-1394-76
VESSEL FOR REMOVING LIQUID CONTAMINANTS FROM THE SURFACE OF A WATER
BODY
Massei, 0. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,915,864
Recovery, Oil slicks, Skimmers, Design and engineering
A specially designed boat is described which removes floating liquid
contaminants, such as oil, from water. The boat has pontoons mounted
on both sides for collecting and decanting the contaminant. As the
boat moves, its V-shaped hull deflects surface water into channels
which are designed to form vortices that concentrate and accumulate
the floating contaminant. The accumulated liquid is then pumped into
the storage pontoons.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):#02611. 1976]
3,915,864
VESSKl. FOR KKMOVINC LIQUID CONTAMINANTS
FROM Till; .SURFACE OF A VVATKR ItODV
Ornvlla Massei, Leghorn, Italy, assignor to Cu. Ha. Oi. t'oslru-
/.ioni Ilalttlli l)isiiu|iiinanli S.p.A., Rome, Italy
Filed Mar. 25, 1974, Scr. No. 454,641
Claims priority, application Italy, Mar. 27, I <)73, 67871/73
In). Cl.; K.02II I$104
U.S. Cl. 210 -242 I I Claims
C-1395-76
COTTON-THE NATURAL SORBENT FOR COMBATING OIL POLLUTION
Meenaghan, G.F., J.E. Halligan, A.A. Ball, and J.F. Leary. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2698. Abstract.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Absorption, *Cotton wastes
61
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The paper discusses the results of a study to develop a sorbent oil
recovery, retrieval, and incineration system which uses cotton wastes
as the sorbent. The sorbency efficiency of the cotton, its reusability
and its physical properties are discussed. It has been found that
about 5 to 22 g cotton can absorb nearly 450 g of oil, and this ef-
ficiency is relatively independent of crude type, channel velocity
and effective sorbent contact time.
C-l396-76
FAST CURRENT OIL RESPONSE SYSTEM
Mueller, F.N. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-115-75, Contract DOT-CG-40220-A. 86p.
Recovery, Oil slicks, Booms, Design and engineering
An oil pollution recovery system consists of two long booms arranged
in a "V" shape and a collector system which uses a flow-through
trough and a second air boom to skim off the surface into an oil
concentrator. In tests the "Vee" air booms successfully herded the
oil with efficiencies ranging from 100% at 0.3 m/sec to80% at 2 m/sec.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(7):#AD-A020 171/56A. 1976.]
C-1397-76
DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PROTOTYPE FREE
VORTEX OIL SKIMMER
Nebeker, E.B., and S.E. Rodriguez. 1975.
Final Report, USCG-D-152-75, Contract DOT-CG-42732-A. 95p.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The skimmer system, developed by Scientific Associates, Inc.,
possesses performance characteristics for various operating situa-
tions. It is particularly applicable to operating conditions of
specific interest to the Coast Guard: oil films 5.1 cm thick and
less,operation while stationary and in currents up to 1.4 km/hr,
and severe Sea State 4 waves.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(7):#AD-A020174/9GA. 1976.]
62
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C-1398-76
SAFETY OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS AND THE PRESENT CONDITION OF THEIR
DEVELOPMENT
Ookubo, K. 1975.
Kogaku Kojo 19(4):21,28-30.
Dispersants, Oil spills, *Safety
The article discusses the safety of various oil dispersants and traces
their development.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79215q. 1976.]
C-1399-76
FORAMINOUS COMPOSITION FOR REMOVAL OF OLEOPHILIC MATERIAL FROM THE
SURFACE OF WATER
Orban, 0. and C.E. Case. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,917,528
Cleanup, Oil spills, Crude oil, Absorption
A porous substrate which is impregnated with a drying oil (castor
oil, safflower oil, etc.) is more effective in rapidly absorbing
crude oil from water than an untreated substrate.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(7):#W76-03012. 1976.]
C-1400-76
COMPOSITION FOR THE REMOVAL OF OILY SUBSTANCES
Orii, T., and M. Watanabe. 1975.
British Patent 1,395,095
Cleanup, Crude oil, Dispersions, Emulsions
A composition which disperses crude petroleum and petroleum oils and
forms stable emulsions is made from a mixture of at least two chlori-
nated hydrocarbons plus a polyoxyethylene type, nonionic surface-
active agent.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(19)-.219,372. 1976.]
63
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C-1401-76
TREATMENT OF FLOATING POLLUTANTS
O'Sullivan, D.J., and B.J. Bolger. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,919,083
Cleanup, Oil spills, Containment, *Polyraerization
Oily waterborne pollutants can be treated with monomers which poly-
merize in the presence of moisture, such as monomeric esters of 2-
cyanoacrylic acid. Polymerization incorporates the pollutants in
a matrix, thus preventing further spreading.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(11):#217,423. 1976.]
C-1402-76
REMOVAL OF IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS FROM WATER SURFACE AND LAKE BEDS
Peterson, E.C. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,933,632
Cleanup, Oil slicks, Oil spills, Adsorption
An effective oil adsorbent material is made from a mixture of lead
slag mineral wool and treated with a hydrophobic substance such as
oleic acid, finely divided natural stone, and iron, aluminum and
magnesium oxides. This compound is placed on the water surface un-
til the oil or other immiscible fluid is adsorbed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,668. 1976.]
C-1403-76
DEVICE FOR DAMPING THE SURGE OF WATER WAVES PARTICULARLY FOR A FLOATING
BODY DESIGNED TO CLEAN POLLUTED WATER
Rafael, J. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,909,417
Design and engineering, Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, *Wave damping
64
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The invention relates to a device which can be attached to a vessel
and which damps the oncoming surge of waves to make cleanup and
recovery of oil spills easier.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(4):#W76-01731. 1976.]
3,909,417
DEVICE FOR DAMPING THE SURGE OF WATER WAVES
PARTICULARLY FOR A FLOATING BODY DESIGNED
TO CLEAN POLLUTED WATER
Johaini Rafael, Maxstrasse 36, Saliburg, Austria
Filed Sept. 25, 1973, Ser. No. 400,632
Claims priority, application Germany, Sept. 25, 1972,
2246957
Int. CI." E02B IS/04
U.S.CI. 210-242 8 Claims
C-1404-76
FLOATABLE
VESSEL
Redshaw, L. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,921,558
Recovery, Natural seepage, Design and engineering
A floatable vessel for the recovery of oil escaping from the sea bed
; described. The unit consists basically of a lower ballasted chamber
connected by an upright columnar conduit to a floating collection
chamber. At the base of the ballast chamber is a conical, inverted,
funnel-shaped opening for collecting the rising oil.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16) :#218, 659. 1976.]
3,921,558
FLOATABLE VESSEL
Leonard Redshaw, Lancashire, England, assignor to Vlckers
Limited, London, England
Filed Sept. 16, 1974, Ser. No. 506,407
Int. Cl.« B63B 35144
U.S.CI. 1I4-.5T 10 Claims
65
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C-1405-76
OIL SPILL CONTROL-THE STATE OF THE ART
Roberts. October, 1974.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Pacific Northwest,
local section paper.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Design and engineering
Summary not available. (May be purchased from SNAME, 74 Trinity
Place, New York, N.Y. 10006.)
[from Marine Technology 12(4):471. 1976.]
C-1406-76
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY TECHNOLOGY: A KEY ELEMENT OF PREPAREDNESS
Ruel, M., and S. Ross. 1974.
Water-1974: I. Industrial Wastewater Treatment. G.F. Bennett (ed.).
New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1974. p.270-276.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Cleanup, Recovery, Canada
The major kinds of equipment, materials and techniques which are cur-
rently used in the prevention, containment and cleanup of oil spills
are discussed. Emphasis is placed on identifying the many climatic
and environmental conditions in offshore and onshore Canada for which
cleanup technology development is urgently needed.
C-1407-76
GUIDE TO WATER CLEANUP MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samsel, A. (ed.). 1974.
Massachusetts, Arthur D. Little Inc., 1974. 335p.
Cleanup, Recovery, Manuals, Design and engineering
Current data on operating specifications, compatibility, performance,
and applications of various types of equipment are reviewed. Infor-
mation regarding laws and regulations, government agencies, and
contingency planning for water cleanup is included. Oil recovery
equipment, such as booms, skimmers and separators, are covered in
detail.
[from Water and Sewage Works, Reference Numer 1976: R-224.]
66
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C-1408-76
THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF A ROUGH WATER DISC-DRUM
OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Scharfenstein, C.F. 1975.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, San Diego section,
April 12, 1975.
Design and engineering, Recovery, Oil spills, *U.S. Coast Guard
The Lockheed rough water disc-drum oil recovery system developed for
the Coast Guard was designed primarily to provide the hardware and
plans for the full-scale open-sea evaluation of the technology and
procedures to conduct oil-spill control and recovery operations.
The phases of development of the unit are described.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:1126952. 1976.]
C-1409-76
THE LOCKHEED OFFSHORE OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Scharfenstein, C.F. 1975.
Annual Institute of Environmental Sciences Technical Meeting, 21st,
Mt. Prospect, Illinois, 1975. Vol 1. p.73-80.
Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
The design, construction, and testing of the Lockheed rough water
disk-drum oil recovery system are described. This apparatus can
operate at up to sea state 4 with < 40 km/hr. winds and currents
l 4 km/hr; it is most effective with crude oils or their emulsified
equivalents.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(11):#217,424. 1976.]
C-1410-76
HIGH SEAS OIL SPILL CONTROL PROGRAM OF THE SUPERVISOR OF SALVAGE
Sea, R. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2697. Abstract.
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Booms, Design and engineering, *Equip-
ment testing
67
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Since 1973, the Supervisor of Salvage USN has undertaken a program
of developing an oil spill recovery system that is effective, reli-
able, and will perform in a wide range of operational conditions.
A thoroughly tested system resulting from this program consists of
a vessel type skimmer, containment boom, buffer system and POL off-
loading system. Lessons learned in the development of this apparatus
are discussed.
C-1411-76
THE SEPARATION FROM A BODY OF LIQUID OF A CONTAMINATED LAYER SPREAD
OVER THE LIQUID
Seaclean, S A. 1975.
British Patent 1,396,155
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil slicks
Floating oil can be skimmed off the water surface by first encircling
a part of the oil layer, then decreasing the circumference of the en-
closed area, thereby thickening the oil layer and facilitating its
removal.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(18):#219,209. 1976.]
C-1412-76
REMOVAL OF FLOATING POLLUTANTS
Seymour, E.V., and R.R. Ayers. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,928,205
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Absorption
The patent relates to an apparatus and method for removing floating
oil or other pollutant liquids by absorption with a series of con-
nected sorbent pads. When saturated, the pads are retrieved, the
pollutant is removed, and the sorbent bodies are returned to the
water surface.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(15):#218,375. 1976.]
C-1413-76
SLICKBAR OIL BOOMS AND SLICKSKIM SKIMMER HEADS (product information)
Slickbar Inc. 1976.
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(4):HMS 5980.
Containment, Recovery, Oil spills, Streams, Harbors
68
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The brochure describes an apparatus and system for the containment
and recovery of oil spills in streams, rivers, harbors and open sea.
The skimmer consists of a flat oil collecting disk with an attached
pump and is effective in less than 10 cm of water.
C-1414-76
SEA-WATER OIL SPILL CLEANING SYSTEM
Strain, P.J. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,922,225
Cleanup, Oil spills, Design and engineering, Oil-water separation
This system for cleaning up oil spills involves a two-step oil-water
separation process. The first separation is effected at the bow of
a ship; a second separation occurs as the oil is taken into the ship
and passed through a baffled conduit. The separated oil is then stored
or passed to waiting tanker ships. Modifications of this basic ap-
paratus, which accomodates high waves or shallow coastal water condi-
tions, are described.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(11):#217,419. 1976.]
3,922,225
SEA-WATER OIL SPILL CLEANING SYSTEM
Patrick J. Strain, 27 rTanglewood Drive, Lynwood, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
Filed Feb. 19, 1974, Ser. No. 443,742
Int. Cl.' E02B 15104
U.S. Cl. 210-242 I Claim
C-1415-76
A FERROMAGNETIC SORBENT SYSTEM FOR OIL SPILL RECOVERY
Turbeville, J.E. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2693, Abstract.
Oil spills, Recovery, Absorption, *Ferromagnetic sorbents
A totally new technique for oil spill recovery is described. The
technique is based on the use of ferromagnetic sorbents made either
69
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from small polystyrene spheres or sponge-like, reusable polyurethane
foam. The ferromagnetic sorbents, once saturated with oil, are easily
recovered and collected by magnetic means.
C-1416-76
COMMERCIAL RESOURCES FOR OIL SPILL REMOVAL
Usher, D. 1976.
Industrial Pollution Conference, 4th, Houston, Texas, 1976. McLean,
Virginia, Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association,
1976. p.LIX 1-LIX 2.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Pollution prevention, Industry, Government agencies
The objectives and activities of the Oil Spill Control Association of
America, which includes state and federal government agencies, major
oil spill contractors and major suppliers of oil pollution prevention
materials and equipment, are outlined. The group promotes cooperation
and coordination between government and the private sector in oil spill
cleanup.
C-1417-76
EXEMPLED'INTEGRATION INDUSTRIELLE D'UNE TECHNIQUE DE LUTTE CONTRE LA
POLLUTION ACCIDENTELLE DES MERS PAR LES HYDROCARBURES (EXAMPLE OF IN-
DUSTRIAL INTEGRAFION IN AN ACCIDENTAL MARINE HYDROCARBON POLLUTION
CONTROL TECHNIQUE)
Vandon, B. 1974.
Colloq. Int. Sur 1'Exploit, des Oceans, 2nd, Paris, 1974. Paris,
Assoc. pourT Organ, de Colloq. Oceanol. a Bordeaux, 1974. Vol. 5,
Pap. Bx. Ca. 309. 18p.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Contingency planning, Industries
A large oil spill and its control by cooperative methods are described.
A five-phase plan for production, transportation, storage, sea trans-
port and spreading of the chemicals used is outlined.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#006893. 1976.]
C-1418-76
BOULTON OIL/WATER SEPARATION SYSTEM (product information)
William Boulton, Ltd. 1976.
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(4):#HMS 5901.
70
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Oil slicks, Skimmers, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering
A new floating skimmer apparatus to remove oil films is claimed to
be substantially cheaper than that of competitors, has no moving
parts, operates continuously, and is sealed to prevent algal growth.
The unit typically reduces oil concentrations from 2000 to under 10
ppm. FFI contact William Boulton Ltd, Providence Engineering Works,
Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent ST6-3BQ, England.
C-1419-76
COMPOSITIONS AND SYSTEMS TO RECOVER OILS FROM AQUEOUS AND SOLID SURFACES
Winkler, A. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,929,631
Recovery, Oil spills, Absorption, Coagulation
Oil floating on water can be absorbed, coagulated, and recovered with
expanded polystyrene or polystyrene-butadiene particles coated with
paraffin, naphthalene and/or a mixture thereof.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(15):#218,376. 1976.]
71
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3. RESTORATION
C-1420-76
CALM AND PRACTICAL RESTORATION SHOWS OIL SPILLS DO NOT IMPAIR SOIL
PERMANENTLY
Anon. 1976.
Oilweek 27(1):100-101.
Oil spills, Soil, Cleanup, Biodegradation
A study of past oil spills on land shows that soil is not permanently
impaired. Cleanup and restoration programs should maximize the amount
of biological activity, nutrients, moisture and aeration in the soil;
minimize C02 in soil, and adjust the pH conditions of optimal biodegra-
dation.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,664. 1976.]
C-1421-76
ALL THAT FUSS OVER A FEW BIRDS...
White, J. 1976.
Outdoor California 37(2):8-9.
Birds, *Treatment procedures
Procedures are outlined which are used by the International Bird
Rescue Research Center in Berkeley to save oil-soaked birds. The
treatment includes repeated cleansing with solvents, injection and
forced feeding of antishock medication with water, sugar and salt,
followed by a few days of feeding and care. Time required is about
2-3 man hours per bird, the cost is about $20 per bird, and survival
rates are nearly 50%.
72
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4. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
C-1422-76
BANTRY OILSPILLS CURBS TIGHTENED
Anon. June 28, 1975.
Oilman, p.4.
Oil transfer, Tankers, Oil spills, Bantry Bay, Pollution prevention
Two recent major oil spills at Gulf Oil Corporation's Whiddy Island
tanker terminal have resulted in a comprehensive reassessment of the
company's oil pollution prevention and control systems. The company
is now attempting to introduce failsafe oil pollution control measures
at each of its 12 tanker terminals around the world. These measures
will include 24 hour patrolling and monitoring, training of fast re-
sponse teams, cleanup and recovery craft and equipment booms, disper-
sants, and spraying equipment.
C-1423-76
CONSTRUCTION PICKS UP ON TEESSIDE TERMINAL
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(3):41.
Environmental protection, North Sea, Wastewater treatment, Monitoring,
*0il terminal
The Teesside oil terminal, including the enormous Greatham crude oil
storage complex, is expected to be completed by early 1977. Measures
to protect the environment against pollution include a wastewater and
tanker ballast treatment plant, a hydrocarbon monitoring and alarm
system, and a launch equipped to handle oil slicks.
C-1424-76
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT: REGULATIONS FOR TANK VESSELS
ENGAGED IN THE CARRIAGE OF OIL IN DOMESTIC TRADE
Anon. 1975.
U.S. Coast Guard, Marine Safety Council, G-CMC/82. 315p.
EIS, Regulations, Tankers, Design and engineering, Pollution pre-
vention
73
-------
Included in these regulations are requirements governing the design,
construction, repair, and operation of U.S. tankers to significantly
reduce operational pollution and to provide added protection against
outflow in the case of accidents to new tank vessels. These regula-
tions are a part of the implementation of Title II of the Ports and
Waterways Safety Act of 1972.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:#126050. 1976.]
C-1425-76
OFFSHORE PETROLEUM TRANSFER SYSTEMS FOR WASHINGTON STATE. A FEASIBILITY
STUDY
Anon. 1974.
Final report, OIW/OCW-7401. 534p.
Oil transfer, Offshore development, Washington, Oil spills
The feasibility of offshore petroleum transfer systems in Washington
State is examined in terms of engineering, economic, social, environ-
mental and jurisdictional considerations. The report projects petro-
leum demand and supply for western market areas through the year 2000,
conceptualizes 13 alternative port systems with adjacent processing
facilities; and forecasts through a risk assessment the incidence of
tanker casualty and oil spills resulting from various oil transfer
and processing operations.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(4):#PB-244 945/26A. 1976.]
C-1426-76
SEGREGATED BALLAST REQUIRED ON BIG TANKERS(news brief)
Anon. 1976.
National Petroleum News 68(4):90.
Regulations, Tankers, Segregated ballast, *U.S. Coast Guard
The U.S. Coast Guard has adopted regulations covering construction
and distribution of segregated ballast tanks within hulls of sea-
going tankers and barges of 70,000 dwt or more. The provisions of
the new rules, which were effective January 8, 1976, are briefly
discussed.
74
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C-1427-76
A RISK AND COST ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTING AND STORING GULF OF ALASKA
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. 1975.
Contract EPA-68-01-2467. 105p.
Oil transport, Storage, Alaska, Gulf of, OCS, Oil spills
This study evaluates the alternate modes of transporting and storing
oils in transit from the Alaskan OCS oil fields to U.S. West Coast
terminals and processing facilities, in order to measure the risk
of oil spills and estimate costs involved.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(6):#PB-248 739/5BE. 1976.]
C-1428-76
A RISK AND COST ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTING SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. 1975.
Contract EPA-68-01-2467. 113p.
Oil transport, California, OCS, Oil spills
This report evaluates alternative modes of transporting oil from
proposed OCS lease areas to onshore processing facilities in Southern
California. The purpose of the study is to give policymakers a
clearer picture of development options available in terms of oil
spill risk and costs.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(6):#PB-248 738/7BE. 1976.]
C-l429-76
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIVE POLLUTION RISK AND ECONOMICS OF SHIPS VERSUS
PIPELINES FOR THE TRANSPORT OF OCS OIL TO ONSHORE TERMINALS
Donovan, L.J., J. Mulhern., and S.C. Fischer. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2715. Abstract.
Oil transport, Tankers, Ships, Pipelines, Oil spills, *Risk analysis
Booz -Allen and Hamilton, Inc. has conducted a study for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency in which the overall environmental
risks and associated economics of alternative crude oil transporting
systems for offshore California were compared. Their analysis
75
-------
indicates that tankers are five to seven times more risky than sub-
marine pipelines, and that nearly all of the oil spilled will come
from a very small number of large spills exceeding 1000 barrels.
C-1430-76
THE U.S. PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION DILEMMA
Duncan, and Lutkus. September, 1975.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, New England, local
section paper.
Oil transport, Petroleum industry, Tankers, Pollution prevention
Summary not available. (May be purchased from SNAME, 74 Trinity
Place, New York, N.Y. 10006.)
[from Marine Technology 12(4):471. 1976.]
C-1431-76
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE SAN CLEMENTE CLASS TANKER
Evans, and Uberti. 1975.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Spring Meeting,
1975.
Oil transport, Tankers, Design and engineering
Summary not available. (May be purchased from SNAME, 74 Trinity
Place, New York, N.Y. 10006.)
[from Marine Technology 12(4):471. 1976.]
C-1432-76
MEANS OF-MINIMIZING POLLUTION AT CONVENTIONAL PIER AND SEA ISLAND
FACILITIES
Fetter, C.H.,Jr. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2692. Abstract.
Oil transfer, Pollution prevention, Oil discharges, Personnel training,
Monitoring
This paper describes methods to prevent or minimize accidental dis-
charges of oil and other potentially harmful liquids during berthing,
76
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mooring and cargo transfer operations. Operator error is reported
to be the single largest cause of pollution incidents at marine
terminals; therefore, emphasis is on improved personnel training
and performance and instrumentation for detecting and monitoring
pollution.
C-1433-76
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF SYSTEM PROPERTIES, SPILL QUANTITIES, MATERIAL
PROPERTIES, AND TOXICITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF WATER POLLUTION HAZARD OF
TRANSPORTED MATERIALS
Hann, R.W., and P.A. Jensen. 1975.
International Symposium on Transport of Hazardous Cargoes by Sea and
Inland Waterways, 4th, Jacksonville, 1975. 18p.
Oil transport, Oil spills, *Environmental risks
A project aimed to provide an improved technique for assessing and
quantifying the risk to the environment resulting from shipping haz-
ardous materials on U.S. waterways is reported.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:#127077. 1975.]
C-1434-76
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BAHAMAS SUPERTANKER PORT
Harrison, W. 1974.
Coastal Engineering Conference, 14th, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1974.
Vol. III. p.2551-2567.
Environmental effects, Tankers, Ports, Bahamas, Oil spills
For oil pollution considerations, the best locations for a super-
tanker port are along the western margin of the Great Bahama Bank,
Little Bahama Bank, and Grand Bahama Island. Large boundary cur-
rents would tend to carry large accidental oil spills away from
coastal waters and into the North Atlantic. The choice of a site
near Freeport, Grand Bahama Island, was tested by releasing six
crude oil and two naphtha spills during the windiest month. The
environmental suitability of the site was confirmed by the success-
ful capture and cleanup of these small spills.
C-1435-76
OCEAN TANKER POLLUTION PREVENTION EXPERIENCE
Hemminghaus, R.R. and D.E. Cornett. 1974.
Conference on Pollution Control in the Maritime Industries, Washington,
D.C., 1974. p.117-121.
77
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Tankers, Pollution prevention, Load-on-top, Oil discharges
Exxon Company, USA's pollution prevention experience on oceangoing
vessels is outlined. The Load-on-top (LOT) ballast procedure is
being used on tankers carrying persistent and nonpersistent oils
to minimize operational discharge. This procedure and Exxon's con-
trol of accidental discharges are discussed.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:#098200. 1976.]
C-1436-76
ALTERNATIVE INLAND TANK BARGE DESIGN FOR POLLUTION AVOIDANCE
Karlson, Lauridsen, Foltis, and Sargent. 1974.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Spring Meeting, 1974.
Oil transport, Tankers, Inland, Pollution prevention, Design and engi-
neering
Summary not available. (May be purchased from SNAME, 74 Trinity
Place, New York, N.Y. 10006.)
[from Marine Technology 12(4):471. 1976.]
C-1437-76
DAMAGE STABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKSHIPS, CHEMICAL SHIPS, AND GAS
SHIPS
Kime, J.W., R.E. Johnson, and W.D. Rabe. 1976.
Marine Technology 13(2):121-151.
Tankers, Pollution prevention, Regulations
The early history of oil tanker regulations is reviewed, and require-
ments for minimizing oil pollution from oil tankers due to side and
bottom damages are stated.
C-1438-76
THE PROBLEMS OF OPERATING MAMMOTH TANKERS ON THE CAPE SEA ROUTE
Little, I.C. 1974.
Navigation 22(l):81-85.
Oil transport, Tankers, Oil spills, *Cape Sea route
78
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The article discusses various problems and difficulties encountered
by tankers and supertankers forced to use the Cape Sea route for oil
transport since the closure of the Suez Canal. The threat of oil
spillage and pollution by grounding or collision is described; new
antipollution measures are outlined.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(1):#888. 1976.]
C-1439-76
SALT OF THE EARTH
Markun, P.M. 1976.
Petroleum Today 17(l):22-25.
Crude oil, Storage, Enviromental protection, *Salt domes
The article points out the advantages of storing crude oil and petro-
leum products in natural underground salt domes. The method is far
more economical than above ground storage in tanks; it takes up little
room above ground and has very few adverse environmental effects, such
as surface or groudwater pollution. The method is also far safer from
fire and sabotage than aboveground storage facilities.
C-1440-76
THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN MINIMIZING OFFSHORE IMPACTS
Muga, B.J. 1975.
Report of the Conference on Marine Resources of the Coastal Plains
States, Savannah, Georgia, 1975. Wilmington, North Carolina, Coastal
Plains Center for Marine Development Services, 1975. p.77-79.
Oil transfer, Design and engineering, Tankers, Ports, Pollution pre-
vention
This paper discusses recent technological developments in the areas
of tanker and VLCC mooring, offloading systems, and ship construction
and operation that will minimize the danger of ship collision, oil
spills, and oil pollution from dirty tanker ballast waters.
C-1441-76
OIL TRANSPORTATION BY TANKERS: AN ANALYSIS OF MARINE POLLUTION AND
SAFETY MEASURES
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C. 1975.
PB-244457/8. 305p.
79
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Tankers, Oil transport, Oil spills, Design and engineering, Pollution
prevention
This report describes and discusses various topics related to the
operation of tankers andsupertarikers,including their potential for
causing oil pollution. It also describes alternatives in the design,
construction and operation of these ships with respect to oil pollution
prevention.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(6):#15684. 1976.]
C-1442-76
OF BERGY BITS AND GROWLERS (letter to editor)
Ruffman, A. 1976.
Science 192(4234):7.
Tankers, Oil spills, *Icebergs
Although collisions between ships and icebergs have become rare in
recent years, there is still the danger of oil spillage resulting
from oil tanker collisions with small, low-lying or concealed bodies
of ice called bergy bits and growlers. These bodies of ice are very
difficult to detect visually or by radar and are extremely difficult
to tow from shipping lanes. The collision of the freighter "Ivory
Star" is cited as an example of this problem.
C-l443-76
SUBMARINE PIPELINE LEAK LOCATOR OR THE LIKE
Uhlarik, W.J.
U.S. Patent 3,933,031
Offshore pipelines, Leakage, Design and engineering
An apparatus is described which detects the location of leaks in sub-
marine oil pipelines. The device does not need a vacuum to determine
liquid pressure differences and is independent of atmospheric pressure
80
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cnanges and tidal level fluctuations.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20):219,561. 1976.]
3,933,031
SUBMARINE HPEI.1NK I/KAK LOCATOR OR Till. I,IKK.
William J. Uhlarik, Monterey Park, Calif., assignor lo lolerna-
tional Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, New York,
N.V.
Filed Dec. 18, 1974, Scr. No. 533,80fi
Int. CI.'COIM 3I2H
U.S. Cl. 73—40.5 R IH Claims
C-1444-76
THE RESPONSE OF THE OIL INDUSTRY TO THE PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION OF
THE SEA FROM SHIPS
Walder, C.A. 1975.
Petroleum and Environmental Conservation. International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 1975. p.199-213.
Regulations, Pollution prevention, Tankers, International conventions,
Petroleum industry
Numerous environmental safety and oil pollution prevention measures
which have been adopted by members of the Oil Companies International
Forum are outlined. This group controls the majority of the world's
oil tanker fleet. Its objectives include the safe handling and transport
of oil at sea, prevention of collisions, control of operational and
accidental oil discharges at sea and at terminals, improved personnel
training, and compliance with provisions of the 1973 International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships.
[from Pollution Abstracts7(2):76-01304. 1976.]
C-1445-76
THE ROLE OF THE U.S. COAST GUARD IN POLLUTION PREVENTION, PORT SAFETY,
AND SHIP CONSTRUCTION
Wood. 1975.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Hampton Roads,
local section paper.
81
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Pollution prevention, Ports, Tankers, Ships
Summary not aviTable. (May be purchased from SNAME, 74 Trinity
Place, New York, N.Y. 10006.)
[from Marine Technology 12(4):471. 1976.]
C-1446-76
MARINE TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS
Yamji, S. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Review paper 10.
Oil transport, Crude oil, Tankers, Environmental protection
Many aspects of marine transport of crude oil and petroleum products
are discussed, including environmental conservation procedures and
safer navigation of tankers and ships.
[from Fuel Abstracts 17(3):#1539. 1976.]
82
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5. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
C-1447-76
POLLUTION ENGINEERING PRACTICE HANDBOOK
Cheremisinoff, P.N., and R.A. Young. 1975.
Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1975. 1073p.
Manuals, Guidelines, Oil spills, Waste oil disposal, Wastewater treat-
ment
The purpose of this handbook is to furnish engineers, managers, and
students with guidance and direction in the field of pollution engi-
neering. Pollution-related techniques, methods, equipment, and sys-
tems are assessed. Chapter 17, "Pollution from Oil Spills" covers
topics of oil waste disposal, oil spill control, oil spill monitoring,
and treatment of oily and metal-containing wastewater.
C-1448-76
HANDBOOK OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Cross, F.L., Jr. 1974.
Westport, Connecticut, Technomic'Publishing Company. 1974. 186p.
Manuals, Oil spills, Wastewater treatment, Bilges, EIS
Among the pollution problems considered are air pollution control,
oil and hazardous materials spills, sewage treatment, industrial
wastewater and solid wastes. Effects of bilge washing, legal con-
siderations, and environmental impact statements for marine
operations are also reviewed.
C-1449-76
FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF A WEB FRAME OF A TANKER
WITH ISOLATED BALLAST SYSTEM
Finifter D., and A. Mansour. 1974.
Journal of Ship Research 18(2):85-95.
Tankers, Segregated ballast
The discharge of tanker ballast water which has been contaminated
by oil residue in the tanks is a source.of oil pollution which can
be avoided. "Finite-element analysis was used in the design of an
unconventional tanker web frame which satisfies certain requirements
stipulated by an isolated ballast system. The weight of the frame
was minimized using an optimality criterion based on a fully stressed
design."
83
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C-1450-76
DESIGN OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE DRILLING FLUID
Hayatdavouch, A. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2616. Abstract.
Offshore drilling, Toxicity, *Drilling fluid, Environmental protection
A drilling fluid, which is based on a non-ionic, non-toxic, water
soluble, cellulose derivative, has been developed. The fluid has
highly desirable drilling characteristics and can be used as an en-
vironmentally acceptable drilling medium for offshore applications.
C-1451-76
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A BACKOFF RAM FOR USE IN A BLOWOUT PREVENTER
Heifer, P.F., and M.R. Jones. 1975.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Meeting, Sept. 21-25, 1975.
Paper no. 75-Pet-13. 5p.
Blowout prevention, *Rams
This paper examines the factors considered in designing, constructing
and testing sets of blowout preventer rams able to engage and rotate
a pipe extending through the blowout preventer's vertical bore. Test
results of the reliability of the rams are presented.
[from Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#004300. 1976.]
C-1452-76
EVALUATION OF MEMBRANE OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION SYSTEM RESEARCH CONDUCTED
FOR THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD AND THE UNITED STATES NAVY
Hochrein, A.A., Jr. J.D. Helm, and A.P. Thiruvengadam. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-175-75, contract DOT-CG-52312. 70p.
Pollution prevention, Ballast, Oil-water separation
Problems associated with the dynamic response of membrane configur-
ations were evaluated under simulated operating conditions. Neoprene-
nylon-nitrile elastomer has been determined to be the best material
for the membrane. Evaluation of the material's physical properties
indicates that the elastomer can withstand abrasion, oil immersion,
creasing, wrinkling and pressure fluctuations.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(4):#AD-A018 945/6GA. 1976.]
84
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C-1453-76
VARIABLE INSIDE DIAMETER BLOWOUT PREVENTER
LeRouaz, R.K. 1976.
Canadian Patent 983,390
The blowout preventer consists of a pair of variable inside diameter
blowout preventer rams each equipped with metallic anti-extrusion
means that prevent longitudinal extrusion of yieldable sealants.
With this device the well bore may be sealed off even at high well
pressures. Certain other operation, such as high pressure stripping
of pipe during removal from the well, are readily accomplished with
the blowout preventer.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(12):217,554. 1976.]
C-1454-76
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR CONTROLLING AND PREVENTING BLOWOUTS IN
WELLS
McCall, R.H. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,926,256
Blowout prevention, Oil wells. Offshore drilling
A method and remote control device are detailed which control flow
and prevent blowouts in offshore wells. The device consists of several
pins which are extendable into a flow chamber that interconnects two
tubing ends. With pins extended, the flow chamber catches sealer
material introduced below the chamber, forming an impenetrable plug
until the pins are retracted to restore fluid flow.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(13)L#218,835. 1976.]
3,926,256
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR CONTROI LING
AND PREVENTING BLOW-OUTS IN WELLS
Richard II. McCall, Houston, Tex., assignor to Texaco Inc.,
New York, N.Y,
Division of Ser. No. 383,867, July 30, 1973, abandoned. This
application Dec. 9, 1974, Ser. No. 530,782
Int. LVE21B 331035, 35/00
U.S. Cl. 166—285 10 Claim*
IH--«
85
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C-1455-76
REFINERY DESIGN AND OPERATIONS IN THE SEVENTIES
Mill, J.G., and J.A. Bunn. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Review paper 8.
Refineries, Economic effects, Regulations
New developments in refinery design reflect not only the recent higher
basic energy costs, but also the costs of more stringent environmental
regulations. The paper discusses available alternatives in refinery
design appropriate to these new conditions.
[from Fuel Abstracts 17(3):#1560. 1976.]
C-1456-76
COANDA EFFECT OIL-WATER SEPARATOR
Paszyc, A.J., J.B. Curry, and D.R. Pal. 1974.
U.S. Patent Application, AD-D001 437/3
Oil-water separation
An oil-water separating device is described which uses the wall
attachment effect for separating oil from an oil-water mixture in a
continuous manner. The patent application relates particularly to
oil-water separators which use centrifugation.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(4):#PAT-APP1-551 906/6A.
1976.]
C-1457-76
JANE'S OCEAN TECHNOLOGY. 1974-54
Trillo, R.S. 1974.
New York, Franklin Watts, Inc., 1974. 344p.
Information systems, Offshore exploration, Oil spills
This yearbook covers the technology of underwater exploration and
engineering. Detailed information is provided for submersibles
and their support vessels, underwater habitats and vehicles, research
vessels, drilling ships, oil spill technology, etc. Research organi-
zation and institute profiles are also provided.
[from Sea Frontiers 22(2):124. 1976.]
86
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C-l458-76
THE COPENHAGEN OFFSHORE CRAFT CONFERENCE
Troup, K.D. (ed.). 1975.
London, Thomas Reed Industrial'Press Ltd, 1975. 220p.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills
The conference deals with many aspects of marine and naval engineering
and development. Included among these topics are papers on oil pollu-
tion control techniques.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13{1):#895. 1976.]
C-1459-76
SHEAR RAMS FOR BLOWOUT PREVENTERS
Vujasinovic,A.N. 1975.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Meeting, September 21-25,
1975. Paper no. 75-PET-8. 12p.
Blowout prevention,*Shear rams
The development of Rucker Shaffer shear rams for blowout preventers
is reviewed.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly (14)1:#004299. 1976.]
87
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6. WASTE OIL AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
C-1460-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS CONTAINING EMULSIFIED OILS
Adachi, Y. 1975.
Japanese Kokal (unexamined patent application) 75,116,369
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions
Wastewater with emulsified oils are first adjusted to pH 9-12 with
CaOH, and AL+ and Fe+ salts are added. The mixture is then stirred
and aerated at high pressure. Sudden reduction of pressure causes
the oils to demulsify and float to the surface. The process is
applicable to the petroleum processing industry.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79365p. 1976.]
C-1461-76
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SLUDGE DEWATERING. BOEING BEST [BOEING
EXTRACTIVE SLUDGE TREATMENT] SYSTEM
Ames, R.K., H.H. Peters, and R.L. Olson. 1974.
Engineering Bulletin of Purdue Univeristy, Engineering Extension
Series 145(part 1):207-212.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Sludge, Solvents, Distil-
lation
The BEST method mechanically filters out most solids and effectively
removes oils by the use of certain amine solvents followed by distil-
lation. This process results in three fractions: recovered oils
(and fats), clear and sterile water effluent, and a sterile, odor-
less and colorless cake that is useful as soil conditioner and ferti-
lizer.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79764e. 1976.]
C-1462-76
API, REFINING DEPARTMENT, MIDYEAR MEETING, 40TH, CHICAGO, 1975
Anon. 1975.
Proceedings American Petroleum Institute Section III Refining.
Washington D.C., American Petroleum Institute, 1975. Vol. 54. 563p.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Solid waste, *Safety aspects LNG
88
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This symposium of 35 papers includes wastewater improvement, current
corrosion problems, refinery odors, pressure vessels and tanks, re-
finery solid waste disposal, safety aspects of LNG, and current pro-
cessing trends.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#004560. 1976.]
C-1463-76
BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER AND WASTE ASSOCIATION, ANNUAL CONFERENCE:
PROCEEDINGS
Anon. 1975.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. British Columbia Water and Waste Associa-
tion, 1975. 263p.
Wastewater treatment, Oil spills, Water quality, Groundwater
Among the topics covered in the conference are oil spill technology,
wastewater and effluent treatment, and groundwater protection.
[from Oceanic Abstracts:!3(1):#660. 1976.]
C-1464-76
CONCRETE BARGE HOUSES GRAVITY OIL/WATER SEPARATOR (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(5):88.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Offshore production,
Recovery
A mobile, floating, concrete barge has been designed for the separation
of oil from wastewater which is produced in offshore oil production.
The barge has a series of flow channels and baffles designed to allow
oil to rise to the surface and separate from the waste brines. The
oil is then recovered and channelled into the crude oil pipeline for
sale.
C-1465-76
OILY WATER SEPARATOR (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(3):166.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separator, Bilges
89
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The model PM-1100 series from Velcon Filters, Inc. purifies bilge
or other oily water to within EPA and USCG "clean water" limits.
Two models are available, one rated at 19 1/min and one at 38 1/min.
C-1466-76
POLYMERS IN COALESCER-FILTER REMOVE OIL FROM BILGE WATER (new brief)
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(3):36.
Wastewater treatment, Bilges, Tankers
A chemist at the Naval Research Laboratory has found that the use of
polymers in bilge filter systems could increase the effectiveness of
the coalescer filter's ability to remove oily waste and decrease
the amount of pollution released into the ocean.
C-1467-76
RANGE OF PRODUCTS TO REDUCE OIL EFFLUENT LEVELS ANNOUNCED
Anon. 1975.
Australian Chemical Engineering 16(6):14.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption
The article describes a full range of products offered by Tecalemit
Pty. Limited, Australia. All of the products use a modified form of
urea formaldehyde (CDA) which has unique oil adsorbing properties.
These CDA products are offered in the form of flaked or solid foams,
hand cleaners, filters and strainer traps, all of which effectively
remove hydrocarbon contartrinents.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts9(6):#2579. 1976.]
C-1468-76
SYSTEM HANDLES OILY WATERS ON SMALL VESSELS (product information)
Anon. 1975.
Marine Engineering/Log 80(7):64.
Wastewater treatment, Ships, Bilges, Design and engineering
The Mini-Marine Discharge Control System is designed to enable small
ships and workboats to control discharges of oily bilge and ballast
waters. The system meets U.S. Coast Guard requirements for bilge
waters and will deliver an effluent of less than 15 ppm oil. The
system includes filtration, separation units, effluent monitors and
an alarm. FFI contact the Keene Corporation's Fluid Handling Division,
90
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C-1469-76
WHAT, ME WORRY? (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Action 7(22):15.
Waste oil disposal, Recycling, Legislation
The environmental problem of waste oil treatment and disposal is
considered. Two problems hindering the development of recycling
methods for used oils are that waste oil is taxed to make it more
expensive than virgin oil, and that re-refined oil must be labeled
"made from previously used oils", which makes the product less
appealing to motorists. Recycling and disposal problems will remain
to be serious problems until Congress passes new legislation.
C-1470-76
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING METALS AND EMULSIFIED OILS
Ariyama, K. and S. Sasaki. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,155,053
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Flocculation
In wastewater containing metals and emulsified oils, the oil is
removed first by the addition of an inorganic flocculant and treatment
with tannins at about pH 6.5. The floes are removed, and the remaining
tannin-containing liquid is adjusted to over pH 9 to precipitate the
metals.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#155334v. 1976.]
C-1471-76
SEPARATION OF ESP. [sic] OIL IN WATER EMULSIONS
Author unknown. 1975.
French Patent 2,248,068
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Design and engineering,
Adsorption
The patent describes an oil/water separator in which contaminated
liquid is passed through a housing packed with compressed sorbing
and coalescing media. The sorbing medium is made of microfibers
of ethylene, propylene or styrene polymers; the coalescing medium
consists of glass fibers.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):#02975. 1976.]
91
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C-1472-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS BY ELECTROLYSIS
Ayuzawa, S., K. Tsuchiya, and K. Taira. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,151,772
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, *Electrolysis
Oils, organic matter, and heavy metals are removed from wastewater by
an eletrolytic process in which the pH is maintained between 3.5 and
6.5. The oil content of wastewater was reduced from 10,000 ppm oil to
1 ppm oil after electrolytic treatment.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#155 342w. 1976.]
C-1473-76
OCEAN DISPOSAL OF LIQUID PETROCHEMICAL WASTES
Ball, J.} and T.D. Reynolds. 1974.
Annual Conference of the Marine Technology Society, 10th, 1974.
p.97-106.
Waste oil disposal, Petrochemicals, Dispersions
Presented in this paper is a reevalution of the data from previous
case histories of ocean disposal of liquid petrochemical wastes. A
basic dilution equation that adequately describes the waste dispersion
from each of the dumping studies is developed.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:#098188. 1976.]
C-1474-76
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASTE TREATMENT METHODS AND PLANTS
Blows, D.G., and R.J. Davies. 1975.
British Patent 1,419,944
Waste oil disposal, Ships, Incineration, Design and engineering
A compact waste disposal plant, based on a fluidized bed incinerator,
has been developed for use on ships or in isolated locations. The
unit will combust sewage sludge, waste fuel, and waste oil, and dis-
charge clear liquid and sterile ashes.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126525c. 1976.]
92
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C-1475-76
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM DILUTE AQEOUS EMULSIONS BY AUTOCOACERVATION AND
COALISCENCE ON CARBON-METAL GRANULAR BEDS
Brown, W.P., and M.M. Ghosh. 1974.
Engineering Bulletin of Purdue University, Engineering Extension
Service 145(part l):357-369.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence
The article describes and evaluates a process wherein two dissimilar
metals in contact and submerged in an aqueous medium form an electro-
chemical cell. Negatively charges oil droplets migrate to the
anode and coalesce for separation from the water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126333p. 1976.]
C-1476-76
INCINERATE REFINERY WASTE ON A FLUID BED
Becker, K.P., and C.J. Wall. 1975.
Hydrocarbon Processing 54(10):88-93.
Waste oil disposal, Refineries, Incineration, Sludge, Emulsions
Fluid bed incineration is a practical, economical, and environmentally
acceptable method for disposing of refinery waste sludges, including
waste oil and water-oil emulsions. The article describes the technology,
processes and meterials involved in an effective application of this
method.
C-1477-76
REFINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REUSE
Bush, K.E. 1-76.
Chemical Engineering 83(8):113-118.
Refineries, Regulation, Wastewater treatment, *Primary treatment,
*Second and tertiary treatment
The article reviews the rules and regulations governing effluent treat-
ment processes and the latest technology in waste treatment processing
for refineries. The unit processes are categorized as primary pro-
cesses, which remove pollutants such as suspended solids and oils from
wastewater before the water undergoes further treatment; and secondary
and tertiary treatment processes, which improve the quality of waste-
water to the point where it can be reused within the refinery.
93
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C-1478-76
DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATERS
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques. 1975.
Belgian Patent 823,959
Wastewater disposal, Incineration
Wastewaters containing < 70% of oils, other hydrocarbons and/or sur-
factants are incinerated by injection into coke at the beginning of
the coke-quenching process. The organic materials are thermally
cracked without releasing pollutant volatiles.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140492w. 1976.]
C-1479-76
COALESCENCE OF EMULSIFIED WASTES BY FIBROUS BED
Chieu, J.N., R.S. Schechter, M.J. Humenick, and E.F. Gloyna. 1975.
Texas University Center Water Resources Technical Report CRWR-126.
183p.
Wastewater treatment, Coalescence, Emulsions
The feasibility of using a fibrous bed coalescer to separate emulsi-
fied oil from industrial waste streams and to evaluate system para-
meters was determined. Several types of coalescing media were used
and four types of oily wastes were tested to determine the effect of
fluid properties. Contact angle, interfacial tension and oil viscos-
ity were measured for each system and the results were compared with
the coalescer efficiency.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#003091. 1976.]
C-1480-76
MARINE POLLUTION CONTROL: PART III-SHIP DESIGN REQUIREMENTS; THE
DESIGN APPROACH
Constant, A.E. 1975.
Naval Engineers Journal 87(10):47-55.
Design and engineering, Wastewater treatment, Ships, Bilges, Ballast
The article reviews and evaluates new, environmentally attractive
developments in the design and engineering of shipboard waste treat"
ment facilities, including oily bilge and ballast water pollution
control systems.
94
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C-1481-76
COST-EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF A PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENT
Crame L.W. 1976.
American Petroleum Institute Refining Department Midyear Meeting,
41st, Los Angeles, 1976. Preprint no. 32-76. 17p.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Economic effects, Oil-water
separation
Texaco recently conducted a series of studies at its west Tulsa,
Oklahoma, refinery to develop a cost-effective method for treating
and disposing of refinery wastewaters. The paper details the scope
of these studies and discusses the technological and economic options
available for refinery wastewater treatment modifications. On the
basis of the studies, conversion to a rotating disk biological
treatment system coupled with several modifications such as improve-
ment of the oil-water separator system, was recommended and implemented.
C-1482-76
ACTIVATED CARBON IMPROVES WASTE WATER TREATMENT
DeJohn, P.B. and A.D. Adams. 1975.
Hydrocarbon Processing 54(10):104-107.
Waste oil disposal, Refineries, Adsorption, Activated sludge
The article describes how oily refinery wastes can be effectively
adsorbed by the addition of activated carbon as a contact material
in a treatment column, or as an additive in activated sludge systems.
C-1483-76
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF WASTEWATER EFFLUENT GUIDELINES FOR PETROLEUM
REFINING
Denbo, R.T. 1975.
American Petroleum Institute Refining Department Midyear Meeting,
40th, Chicago, 1975. Washington, D.C., American Petroleum Institute,
1975. Section III, Refining. Vol. 54:31-35.
Guidelines, Wastewater, Refineries, Economic effects
A comparison is made of the relative impact of discharges, in terms
of organic loading, from the nation's, petroleum refineries and from
municipalities and other industries throughout the U.S. Suggestions
for corrections to Public Law 92-500, the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972, are included.
[from Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#004562. 1976.]
95
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C-1484-76
FRESHWATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN REFINERIES
Eigenson, A.S., E.G. loakimis, and G.F. Oldham. 1975.
Petroleum and Environmental Conservation. International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 1975. p.199-213.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Filtration,
Flocculation
Various methods of treating refinery wastewaters are compared, based
on experience gained at numerous locations in the U.S.S.R., Europe
and the U.S. Oil-water separation techniques such as filtration,
flocculation and biological treatment are among the methods evaluated.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01305. 1976.]
C-1485-76
TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED WATER
Eurotecnia S.p.A. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexaminedpatent application) 2,429,061
Wastewater treatment, Recovery, Hydrocarbons, Adsorption
A continuous process for removing hydrocarbons and other organic
contaminants from water is described. The contaminated water is
neutralized and passed through heat exchanges to a distillation column
where certain hydrocarbons are condensed and burned and others are
adsorbed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140469u. 1976.]
C-1486-76
OIL ADSORBENT
Fukatsu, K., J. Obata, K. Fukimo, and M. Ayabe. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,137,887
Wastewater treatment, Adsorption, *Foam pellets
Oil adsorbent foam pellets are prepared by mixing a lipophilic thermo-
plastic resin with a foaming agent and forming pellets. These pellets
have a greater oil adsorbing capacity than their non-foam equivalents
and can adsorb several times their weight in oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126508z. 1976.]
96
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C-1487-76
AN OILY WASTE SEPARATOR SYSTEM
Garber, D.C. 1974.
Marine Technology 11(1):61.
Oil-water separation, Ships, Coalescence, Design and engineering
An oily-water separation system for shipboard use is described. The
separator can handle any oily water mixture regardless of quantity
or quality of oil components, ultimately yielding water having less
than 10 ppm oil content.
C-1488-76
PROCESS MANAGEMENT APPROACH OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TO MEET LOW HEXANE
SOLUBLE REQUIREMENTS
Golber, M.B., and W.M. Throop. 1975.
Annual Pollution Control Conference, 3rd, 1975. V.W. Langworthy (ed.)
Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1975, p.449-465.
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil treatment, Oil-water separation,
Lubricating oils
The management and treatment of waste motor and lubricating oils from
a major maintenance garage are reviewed. Oily wastes are separated
from the liquid effluent, removed and stored as a sludge, and period-
ically hauled away by an oil recycler (scavenger).
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2) :#76-01232. 1976.]
C-1489-76
REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED OIL BY FILTRATION
Goto, Y., Y. Daigo, and M. Murata. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,142,491
Waste oil treatment, Emulsions, Filtration, *Hydrophobic fibers
Oil is separated from oil emulsions by means of a filter which is
prepared by adhering a hydrophobic synthetic fiber layer to porous
materials consisting of polyethylene powder. This filter has high
oil-removal efficiency; the concentration of oil in the resulting
filtrate is reduced to < 5 ppm.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#12651a. 1976.]
97
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C-1490-76
FLOCCULATION OF WASTE WATERS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES
Hade, A., and A. Elcabetz. 1975.
Water Pollution Research Canada (9):302-314.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Flocculation, Coagulation
Various parameters which affect the rates of destabilization, coagu-
lation and flocculation in petroleum refinery wastewaters were
investigated. The conditions which promote and optimize flocculation
are evaluated.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#155207f. 1976.]
C-1491-76
GRANULATING AGENT FOR OIL
Hirate, H., U. Ichikawa, Y. Takenaka, T. Morishita, and I. Fujimoto.
1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 60,482
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence
Oil emulsions can be removed from water by passing the oil-water
mixture through pressed polyester fiber webs having specific dimensions
and denier. In a specific example, water containing 1000 ppm heavy
oil emerged from the web with an oil content of 0.8 ppm.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140451g. 1976.]
C-1492-76
ADSORBER FOR REMOVING OIL FROM WATER
Ikemoto, S.H. Segawa, Y. Ueda, and J. Ohtaki. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 62,867
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption
Oily wastewater is repeatedly passed through tower(s) packed with oil
adsorbent synthetic fibers and pulp which agglomerate the oil. The
agglomerated oil is continuously siphoned off the top of the adsorption
tower by a bundle of lipophilic polypropylene fibers. This process
reduces oil content to a few parts per million and greatly prolongs
the useful life of the oil adsorbent materials.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79343e. 1976.]
98
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C-1493-76
OIL SOLIDIFIERS AND SPILLED OIL TREATMENT
Imamura, T., and K. Makabe. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,105,567
Waste oil treatment, Oil spills, *Solidification
Oil floating on water can be solidified by treatment with
(where X = CN, N02, carboxyl, or a Ci_20 alkoxycarbonyl of H; and
Rl and R2 = Ci_2Q aliphatic hydrocarbon, C-|_2Q alicyclic hydrocarbon,
or phenol. The solidified oil is readily removed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79354j. 1976.]
C-1494-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING DETERGENTS AND OIL
Iwata, F.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 79,955
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Flocculation, Adsorption
In the process described, NaCIO (or HC10) is added to inorganic floc-
culants and/or nonionic polymer flocculants and neutralizing agents in
order to separate detergents and oil from water. The NaClO/HCIO oxidizes
the detergents, which then flocculate and float to the surface for easy
removal. Similarly, the nonionic polymer flocculants adsorb the oil and
allow it to be readily separated.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79347j. 1976.]
C-1495-76
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF BALLAST WATER OUTFALLS
Johnston, C.S., and A.R. Halliwell. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2446. Abstract.
Wastewater treatment, Ballast, Oil discharges, Environmental protection,
*0il loading terminal
An oil loading terminal is being developed in the as yet environmentally
unspoiled Orkney Islands, Scotland. Environmental considerations which
were involved in the design of a ballast storage, treatment, and dis-
charging facility in the terminal are detailed. Discharges from the
facility will contain less than 10 ppm of oil, and such effluent will
be discharged through a long outfall line at a depth of over 40 meters
to prevent pollution.
99
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C-1496-76
SURFACE CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS IN ECOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF OILY WASTEWATER
Kaufman, S. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(2):168-173.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Ships, *Surface chemistry
parameters
Current technology employs coalescer filters composed of glass fibers
and resinous binders to separate oil from wastewater that accumulates
on ships. Surfactants in the effluent, however, have been found to
interfere with separation. Six solid substrates, five typical oils,
seawater, distilled water, two military specification detergent form-
ulations, and one non-specific detergent formulation were studied in
combination; surface chemistry parameters were observed. Glass and
the binders were the least effective substrates for separation, while
polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene were the most effective.
C-1497-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS CONTAINING EMULSIFIED OIL
Kawamata, T., and Y. Kudo. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,117,251
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Flocculation
"A polysaccharide flocculant aid containing galactomannan and a
polysaccharide consisting of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and
pyruvic acid, and a cationic organic flocculant are added to a waste-
water containing emulsified oil; the emulsified oils are dernulsified
and float to the surface, leaving large filamentations floes with
high filtrability in the aqueous fractions."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#155318t. 1976.]
C-1498-76
WASTE OIL RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL
Kimball, V.S. 1975.
Pollution Technology Review (20). 279p.
Waste oil disposal, Recovery, Recycling, Reuse
The sources and characteristics of waste oil and existing or proposed
methods for recovery and reuse are detailed. Specific recycling and
disposal practices, such as road oiling, incineration, and combination
with fuel oil are also covered.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(11):#217,425. 1976.]
100
-------
C-H99-76
REMOVAL OF WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC MATTERS FROM WASTE WATER
Kinbara, K., and M. Ikeda. 1975.
Japanese Kokai {unexamined patent application) 75 85,583
Wastewater treatment, Flocculation, Oil-water separation, Filtration
Oily waste water containing water-soluble organic matter is treated
with water-soluble, anionic, cycloorganic compounds, and oil floc-
culants or other oil treatment agents. This is followed by membrane
filtration, which separates the oil and organic matter from the water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140444g. 1976.]
C-l500-76
DEMULSIFICATION OF OIL EMULSION IN WASTE WATERS WITH AIR BUBBLES AND
HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT FLOCCULENTS
Kondo, G. and M. Asakura. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 39,673
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Flocculation
The wastewater is adjusted to a weakly acidic pH, andasmall amount of
a high-molecular-weight flocculent is added to increase the association
effect of air bubbles on fine oil droplets for oil-water separation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(10):#65007m. 1976.]
C-l501-76
USE OF WASTE WATER FROM PETROLEUM WELLS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF ENVIRON-
MENTAL PROTECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF WELL PRESSURE (English summary)
Liszka, K., Z. Koehsling, and J. Jewulski. 1975.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Gorniczo-Hutniczej Cracow, Gornictwo no. 69.
p.7-18.
Oil wells, Wastewater treatment, Wastewater disposal, Recycling
The article describes the technology and methods used in a purification
plant that treats up to 5000 m3/day of oil well wastewaters, so that
these waters can be safely discharged into the environment or recycled
by pumping back into the oil well.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):#108103j. 1976.]
101
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C-l502-76
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING WASTE WATER CONTAMINATED WITH OIL,
GREASE, WAX, OR SOLVENTS
Maier, D. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,402,527
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Flocculation, Filtration
Finely divided flocculants are added to wastewater passing through a
high pressure fluid jet washing apparatus. Oil, wax, grease or solvents
combine with the flocculants on contact, and the resulting floes are
separated or filtered from the water. Temperature and pH can be
adjusted to optimize the process.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):111346w. 1976.]
C-l503-76
REMOVAL OF SOLUBLE OILS FROM WATER
Mail, I. 1975.
Canadian Patent 970,486
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Flocculation, Flotation
"Water soluble oils containing hydrophilic groups are removed from
waste by the addition of a polyvalent cation (e.g. A13+) to form a
colloidal grease, precipitation of the hydroxide salt by pH adjust-
ment, addition of a polyelectrolyte to flocculate the colloid, and
removal of the floe by entrainment with air and flotation."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):#111343t. 1976.]
C-l504-76
SEPARATION OF EMULSIFIED LIQUIDS
Mail, I.P. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,919,081
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence
A process for separating emulsified liquids is described which is
especially useful for separating liquid hydrocarbons from their emulsion
with water on an activated carbon bed. The emulsion is passed through
102
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a preferentially wettable solid bed so that the dispersed liquid
coalesces into droplets large enough to be collected and removed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#152750s. 1976.]
3,919,081
SEPARATION OF EMULSIFIED LIQUIDS
Issue P. Mull, Tulsa, Okla., assignor to Combustion Engineer-
ing, Inc., New York, N.Y.
Continuation of Ser. No. 87,526, Nov. 6, 1970, abandoned.
This application Stpl. 1, 1972, Ser. No. 285,713
Int. Cl.« B01D 17/04
U.S.CI. 210-23 5 Claims
C-1505-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS DISCHARGED FROM PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESSES
Maitoko, T., T. Iwase, and M. Sato. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 131,673
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oxidation
Wastewaters containing £ 100,000 ppm of organic or inorganic petroleum
refinery wastes can be treated with high efficiency by a wet oxidation
process which forms nontoxic products such as H20, C02 and neutral
salts.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140474s. 1976.]
103
-------
C-1506-76
TREATMENT OF REFINERY WASTEWATER USING FILTRATION AND CARBON ADSORPTION
McCrodden, B.A. 1974.
Industrial Wastes Conference, 29th, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1974.
Pt 1:230-244. (Purdue University Engineering Bulletin, Engineering
Extension Series No. 145.)
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Design and engineering, Filtration,
Adsorption
A detailed description of the devices, pilot plant and components,
design data, analyses results, performance data and capital cost
calculation is given.
[from Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#004558. 1976.]
C-1507-76
VACUUM STRIPPING OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED WATER STREAMS
McGill, J.C. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,898,058
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, *Vacuum stripping
In this process, applicable to sewage and oily effluent, the effluent
stream is introduced at the top of a contacting vessel which contains
such contacting devices and fractionation tower packing materials as
Rashig rings and bubble fractionation trays. Hydrocarbon contaminants
are removed by a vacuum pump aided by stripping gases and are then
condensed and separated into gaseous and liquid fractions for removal.
3.898,058
VACUUM STRIPPING OK HYDROCAKBON
CONTAMINATED WATKR STKKAMS
JaiiM~t C. Mctiill, Tulsa, Oklu., assignor to H-T Management
Company, '1'nLsu, Oklu,
Filed Apr. 12, 1973, Str. No. 350,311
In( CI. ItOld IV/tHi
U.S. Cl. SS-SO 12 Claims
104
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C-l508-76
REMOVAL OF OIL IN WATER
Miyamoto, H., and T. Miyamatsu. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexanrined patent application) 75 61,389
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption
"The oil is adsorbed on fibers of < 100 microns diameter containing
> 1.0 milli-equivalents/gram amino group below pH 12."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126469n. 1976.]
C-1509-76
ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL WASTE WATER
Morita, S., and M. Masuda. 1975.
Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokai Shi 33(5)-.328-332.
Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals, Activated sludge.
"A review with 1 reference."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(14):#95058w. 1976.]
C-1510-076
FISH-INDUSTRY ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN METHODS FOR
TREATING WASTE WATERS OF PETROLEUM REFINERIES (English summary)
Mosevich, M.V. 1974.
Izvestiya Gosudarstvennoga Nauchno-Islledovatel'skogo Institute
Ozernogo i Rechnogo Rybnogo Khozaistva No.98 p.44-46.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Environmental effects, Fisheries
"A review with 4 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140276d. 1976.]
C-1511-76
WASTE OIL: UNTAPPED ENERGY RESERVE
Myles, B. 1975.
National Parks and Conservation Magazine 49(8):18-19.
Waste oil disposal, Recycling, Reuse
105
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Nearly 4.2 billion liters of used lubricating oils must find safe
disposal each year. Dumping on land and in water has been reduced
in recent years due to re-refining and the increase value of waste
oils as fuel oil. The article briefly summarizes EPA recommendations
for improving the collection, storage, transport and disposal of
waste oils and outlines programs that would encourage recycling and
reuse of oils.
C-1512-76
APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATER
Neukirchen, B. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,412,626
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Flocculation, Filtration,
Design and engineering
Mechanical purification of oily wastewater by separation, flocculation,
tration is carried out automatically in a flow-through system
consisting of pumps, metering devices, a vacuum drum filter, and a
storage tank, all contained in a portable housing.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):#111351u. 1976.;
C-1513-76
POLLUTION-FREE WELL CUTTINGS DISPOSAL APPARATUS
N.L. Industries, Inc.
U.S. Patent 3,901,254
1975.
*Well cuttings disposal, Offshore drilling, Oil-water separation, Design
and engineering
The patent relates to an apparatus and process for separating oil from
cuttings produced in offshore drilling operations. The oily mud
is separated by vibratory screening on a shaker platform. Oily cut-
nngs are then discharged onto a cuttings washer and rinsed. The oily
iquids are pumped to an oil-water separation system.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(l):41-42. 1976.'
3,901,254
POLLUTION-FREE WELL CUTTINGS DISPOSAL
APPARATUS
Marvin O. Stearns, London, England, and James; A. Gill, Hous-
ton, Tex., assignors to NL Industries, Inc., New York, N.V.
Hied Oct. 5, 1973, Ser. No. 403,999
Int. Cl. B08b 3102, 15100
US. Cl. 134-104 5 Claims
106
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C-1514-76
PETROCHEMICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT USING ACTIVATED CARBON
Numasaki, K. 1975.
Yosui To Haisui 17(8):992-996.
Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals, Adsorption, *Activated carbon
Activated carbon adsorption is effective in the removal of petrochemical
wastes, especially if the wastewater has first undergone biological treat-
ment. Also, the adsorption capacity of activated C increases with an
increase in waste load.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140336y. 1976.]
C-1515-76
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING OILS
Okada, H., Y. Yasuda, S. Akimoto, M. Morita, K. Ikoma, and T. Ishi.
1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 46,102
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation
Waste water is first acidified to pH 2-6 and heated to 60°C; then H202
is added and the mixture is neutralized. The neutralized mixture may
be optionally treated by the activated sludge process to complete oil/
water separation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79400w. 1976.]
C-1516-76
FLUIDIC OIL-WATER SEPARATOR
Paszyc, A.J., D. Pal, Kwang-ta Huang, and J.B. Curry. 1975.
U.S. Patent Application 549,245/GA.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering
This patent application relates to a continuous oil/water separation
procedure and apparatus utilizing the Coanda Effect. The apparatus
consists of a housing with inlet and outlet ports and a pair of off-
setted, concavely curved walls. The entering oily water is split
into two sub-jets, each of which enters a bounded region, wherein
the oil is separated from the water and the water is discharged from
the housing.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(6):126. 1976.]
107
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C-1517-76
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
Patterson, J.W. 1975.
Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. v + 265p.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Filtration, Coagulation,
Flocculation, Precipitation, Biodegradation
The capabilities and limits of available wastewater treatment technol-
ogies are discussed for 22 major industrial pollutants, including oily
wastes. In the chapter on oily wastes, primary treatment methods such
as gravity separation and skimming are evaluated, and secondary treat-
ment methods including flotation, filtration, coagulation, flocculation,
precipitation and biological processes are compared.
C-1518-76
FACTORS INFLUENCING OIL REMOVAL EFFICIENCY IN DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION
UNITS
Pearson S.C. 1976.
Industrial Pollution Conferece, 4th, Houston, Texas, 1976. McLean,
Virginia, Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association,
1976. p.LII l-LII-36.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Refineries, Flotation,
Emulsions
Dissolved air flotation is analyzed for its ability to remove persis-
tent oil emulsions and other oily wastes from refinery wastewaters.
The effects of various physical and chemical factors, such as pH,
presence of contaminants, inorganic coagulants, flocculants, and adsor-
bents, on the efficiency and economics of the process are explored.
C-1519-76
SMALL BOAT OIL REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR BILGE WATER
Pedone, V.S. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,913,513
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Bilges, Filtration
A filtering system is described for separating relatively small
quantities of oil from water. The filter contains alternate layers
108
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of large-particle and small-particle expanded resin {such as polyure-
thane).^ Such a filter is capable of picking up 50 to 70 times its own
weight in oil without significantly changing its size. A visual indi-
cator indicates when the filter system is full and should be replaced.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):54,#02598a. 1976.]
3,913,513
SMALL BOAT OIL REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR BILGE
WATER
Vlto S. Redone, Box 2733, Arlington, Va. 22202
Filed July 26, 1974, Ser. No. 492,168
Int. CMB63B 29/16
U.S. Cl. 114-183 R 18 Claims
.•.-.'•
C-1520-76
PURIFICATION OF OIL CONTAINING WASTE WATER
Perna, Z. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,458,577
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption, *Magnetic Fe
particles
Oily wastewater flows through a nonmagnetic pipe in which Fe particles
are magnetically kept in suspension. The Fe particles adsorb the oil,
thereby removing it from the water. A photocell monitors water purity
so that when the particles are saturated by oil, the flow of waste
water is diverted to a parallel pipe. The oil is removed from the
particles and the particles are reused.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126460c. 1976.]
C-1521-76
OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE OF A REFINERY WASTEWATER CARBON ADSORPTION
PLANT
Prosche, M.A., G.G. Loop, and R.P. Strand. 1974.
Industrial Wastes Conference, 29th, West Lafayette, Indiana, May, 1974.
Pt. 1. p.255-261. (Purdue University Engineering Bulletin, Engineering
Extension Series No. 145.)
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Adsorption, Design and engineering
109
-------
The system selected consisted of impounding rain plus process water
followed by activated carbon treatment to adsorb the COD material.
The design and description of the plant are detailed.
C-l522-76
WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL AT OIL REFINERIES
Rao, and G.J. Mohan. 1975.
Indian Chemical Journal 10(2):XV-XXI.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Wastewater disposal, Pollution
prevention
The average total refinery wastewater properties from 12 refineries,
pollution aspects of refinery, and treatment and disposal of refinery
wastes are discussed."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126374c. 1976.]
C-1523-76
BACTERIAL GROWTH AND DISPERSION OF CRUDE OIL IN AN OIL TANKER DURING
ITS BALLAST VOYAGE
Rosenberg, E., E. Englander, A. Horowitz, D. Gutnick. 1975.
Symposium-Workshop on Impact of the Use of Microorganisms on the
Aquatic Environment, Pensacola Beach, Florida, 1974. Bourquin,
Meyers, and Ahearn (eds.). Corvallis, Oregon, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, 1975. p.157-167. (U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency Ecological Research Series, EPA-660/3-75-001).
Tankers, Wastewater treatment, Ballast, Bacteria, Emu1 sification
The report describes results of aerating and adding urea and K2HP04
to oily ballast water in the compartment of an oil tanker. After
four days the oil was emulsified and upon discharge of the treated
water,.no sign of oil was detected in the ship's wake. An untreated
control compartment showed no significant oil dispersion. Also
identified is bacterial-induced cleaning of oil tanks resulting from
the activity of an emulsifying agent produced by the oil degrading
bacterium Arthrobacter sp.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(1):#6Q575. 1976.]
110
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C-1524-76
WASTE WATER DISPOSAL IN NAVIGABLE WATERS
Schlandt, W. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,423,871
Wastewater treatment, Ships, Oil-water separation, Reuse
The patent describes a process for collecting and shipbroad mixing of
industrial wastewaters to produce harmless liquors that can be discharged
after filtration and separation of oil and salts. The separated oil
is then collected and used as fuel to propel the ship.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140487y. 1976.]
C-l525-76
PETROLEUM REFINING GUIDELINES AND RELATED STUDIES
Simonsen, R.N. 1975.
American Petroleum Institute Refining Department Midyear Meeting,
40th, Chicago, 1975. Washington, D.C., American Petroleum Institute,
1975. Section III, Refining. Vol. 54. p.13-28.
Guidelines, Petroleum industry, Refineries, Wastewater treatment
The following are reviewed: an industry-wide raw waste load survey,
a refinery activated sludge efficiency study, and a study on refinery
effluent variability. Past and current guidelines pertaining to
effluent treatment and disposal are discussed.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(1):#004561. 1976.]
C-1562-76
SANITARY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SARATOV RESERVIOR IN THE REGION OF
AN OIL REFINERY (English summary)
Starodubtsev, E.D. 1974.
Gigiena Sanitariya (7):113-114.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, USSR, *Saratov Reservior
Wastewaters entering a reservoir from an oil refinery complex were
investigated before and after installation of biological treatment
plants in 1971-1972. Overall pollution in the reservoir, including
oily wastes, decreased significantly in the year treatment began.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(5):33. 1976.]
Ill
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C-1527-76
AN INTEGRATED POWER PROCESS MODEL OF WATER USE AND WASTEWATER TREAT-
MENT IN OLEFINS PRODUCTION
Stone, J.C., A.K. Schwartz, Jr., R.A. Klein, F.D. Singleton, Jr., J.A.
Galloway, and R.G. Thompson. 1975.
Final report, NSF/RA/E-75-032, PB-244 269/7; NSF Grant GI-134459. 271 p.
Models, Wastewater treatment, Economic effects, Petrochemicals, *01efins
production
A model is described for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a waste-
water treatment system in an olefin production plant. Emphasis is placed
on the treatment of organic pollutants, including oil.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(7) :#N76-16657. 1976.]
C-1528-76
APPARATUS FOR REMOVING OIL FROM WATER
Sundin, G.H., F.H. Riedel, W.R. Niemi, and R.C. Slocumb. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,915,859
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering,
Absorption
The patent relates to an apparatus for the continuous separation of oil
from water. The oily water is introduced into a slowly rotating spool,
which is wrapped with a fibrous sheet of oleophilic and water resistant
material. As the oil is absorbed by the fibrous material, an auto-
matic sensor activates a drive shaft which rotates the spool and advances
new material into contact with oily water.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(6):#02608. 1976.]
3,9 15,859
AHI-AHAI IIS FOR RK.MOVIM; Oil. FROM WATFR
««"-Hi._lll. Sundin, l)u|u(h; Fred II. KU-dd. riuqiicl; Willi,,,,,
Jiemi, Dllltlth, and Rubcrl C. Slucumb, Si. I'aul. all of
Minn., assignors lo I UIIH«J Corporation, St. Paul Minn
Kik-d Apr. II, 1974, Her. No. 459,915
Int. fl.- 110 II) 1 1/DJ
U.S. Cl. 210—104
15 C (alms
112
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C-1529-76
BLOCK COPOLYMER OIL ABSORBENT FIBERS
Takahashi, R., T. Sone, and Y. Nagata. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 50,279
Waste oil treatment, Absorption, *Block copolymer fibers
The application relates to a process for preparing block copolymer
fibers, which are spun into mats and are highly effective in absorbing
and retaining waste oil. The fiber mats are more effective than simi-
lar polypropylene fabrics.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126446c. 1976.]
C-1530-76
TREATMENT OF ACIDIC WASTE SLUDGES FROM OIL REFINING PROCESSES
Takaoka, S. 1974.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74,126,701
Waste oil treatment, Sludge, Refineries, Recycling
The sludge is mixed with specific amounts of waste oil or light oil,
then most of the ^04 in the mixture is extracted into water. The
residual H2S04 in the organic phase is neutralized with lime, and
the organic phase is recycled as heavy oil or catalytically decomposed
to give light oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(10):#64998y. 1976.]
C-1531-76
TREATMENT OF WATERS CONTAINING OIL EMULSIONS
Tanaka, K. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 131,871
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Flocculation
Flocculant mixtures made from organic bases and/or multivalent metal
salts and nitrohumic acid are added to waters containing oil emulsions
to separate the oils from the water. The method has a higher oil
removal efficiency and produces less sludge than other flocculation
methods.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140475t. 1976.]
113
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C-'l 532-76
TREATMENT OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATER WITH LIGNIN DERIVATIVES
Tanaka, K., Y. Takahata, and M. Tamayama. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 86,846
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Flocculation, Filtration
Flocculation of oils in wastewater or in oil emulsions is achieved
with a mixture of lignin derivatives and either an organic base and/
or a multivalent metal salt. The floes are filtered out, leaving an
aqueous filtrate containing only a few ppm of oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):#11337u. 1876.]
C-l533-76
WATER QUALITY STUDIES IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES
Tertipis, G.6., and C.M. Pyburn. 1974.
Water Pollution ResearchinCanada 320-327.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Monitoring, Water quality
This study describes the general approaches to water quality and the
efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities used by petroleum
refineries. Field data collection for the study included the monitor-
ing of effluents of several complex refineries, with emphasis on eval-
uating the performance of existing wastewater treatment units and new
pilot plant units.
C-l534-76
RECENT TRENDS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF OILY WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Minamide, Y. 1975.
Kagaku Kojo 19(4):73-77.
Design and engineering, Wastewater treatment, Waste oil treatment
The article reviews recent developments in equipment and methods used
to treat waste oil. Processes discussed are electrolysis, adsorption,
calcineration, and flotation with chemical coagulants.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79216v. 1976.]
114
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C-1535-76
OIL REMOVAL FROM REFINERY WASTES BY AIR FLOTATION
Volesky, B., and S. Agathos. 1974.
Water Pollution Research in Canada 9:328-339.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Refineries, Flotation,
Flocculation
Air flotation removes from 65% to over 90% of oily materials and sus-
pended solids in wastewater; this percentage can be increased by using
certain flotation and flocculation additives. The process can handle
high-volume overload situations and can consistently deliver an effluent
with less than 15 ppm total oil and suspended solids. Methods for fur-
ther optimizing the process and limitations are also discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79275j. 1976.]
C-l536-76
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL-WATER MIXTURES
Weerts, W. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,423,010
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Absorption
"Oil-water mixtures are separated by passing through a tank filled with
oil absorbing filter, such as Styropor powder cartridges."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#155324s. 1976.]
C-1537-76
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELIMINATING ORGANIC WATER POLLUTANTS WITH POLYETHYLENE
(English summary)
Weil, L. and G. Greiner. 1974.
Vom Wasser 43:247-257.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons,
*Polyethylene powder
Wastewater containing lipophilic contaminants such as crude oil and
petroleum hydrocarbons were treated with polyethylene powder to produce
potable water. This procedure was found to be far more effective in
removing such pollutants than conventional flocculation or chemical
treatment.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(4):#W76-01555. 1976.]
115
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C-1538-76
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATION OF LIGHT LIQUIDS FROM WATER ESPECIALLY
WASTE WATER
Weiler, W. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,429,408
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption
Oil and petroleum products such as gasoline are removed from water by
passage through tubes lined with hydrocarbon-oil selective materials.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#140498c. 1976.]
C-1539-76
SYSTEMS APPROACH TO POLLUTION-FREE PETROLEUM REFINERY
Yamaguchi, T. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Barking, Essex, England,
Applied Science Publishers, 1975. Vol. 6. PD 24.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries
Summary not availablef
[from Applied Science Publishers Brochure 1976.]
C-1540-76
TREATMENT OF OILY WASTEWATERS AND WASTE OILS
Yokota, K. 1975.
Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokai Shi 33(5):323-327.
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil treatment, Refineries, Tankers
"A review with 8 references of the application of emulsion breakers
for the treatment of floating oils, oil dispersions, oil emulsions,
and waste oils from iron and steel works, petroleum refineries, oil
tankers, and machine tool workshops."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):fHl ,lllr. 1976.]
C-1541-76
SEPARATION OF OILS, SOLVENTS, AND LACQUERS FROM WASTE WATERS
Zeiss, 0., and H. Linke. 1975.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application) 2,412,452
116
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Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, FloccuTation
Oils and other substances can be separated from waste waters by the
admixture of 0.3-5 g/1 of a dispersible carrier, such as a cellulose-
containing material, and/or a starch derivative, and 0.003-0.5 g/1
of a suitable flocculant.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):111352v. 1976.]
117
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7. RECLAMATION AND REUSE
C-1542-76
UTILIZATION OF BY-PRODUCTS AND WASTE PRODUCTS FROM PETROCHEMICAL
OPERATION
Aghoramurthy, K., and A.K. Mendiratta. 1975.
Indian Chemical Journal 9(8):S3-S8.
Reuse, Petrochemicals
The utilization of by-products and waste products from petrochemical
operations, including xylenes, glycols, and heavy paraffins is dis-
cussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(10):#64893k. 1976.]
C-1543-76
REGENERATION OF USED LUBRICATING OILS
Audibert, F., G. Pare, and J.P. Peries. 1975.
French Demande 2,259,895
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Lubricating oils
A process is described wherein waste lubricating oils can be reclaimed
by treating with water at 200°-500°C before using conventional H2S04
and activated clay treatment. In an experiment, this method yielded a
92% recovery of finished oil of high purity.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84{16):#108320c. 1976.]
C-1544-76
PYROLYSIS SYSTEM AND PROCESS
Cheng, S-I. 1975.
U.S. Patent application SN-645503
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Crude oil, Solid waste, *Pyrolsis
A continuous feed process involving pyrolysis and gasification is
described for the recovery of energy from solid waste and other wastes,
including asphalt, naphtha and cheap crude oils.
[from Scientific Technical Aerospace Reports 14(7):#N76-16621. 1976.]
118
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C-l545-76
RE-REFINING: ECONOMICALLY ATTRACTIVE WAY TO CONSERVE OIL
Cutler, E.T. 1976.
American Petroleum Institute Refining Department Midyear Meeting,
41st, Los Angeles, 1976. Preprint no. 30-76. 15p.
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Lubricating oil, Recycling
The need to recycle waste automotive lubricating oil and similar waste
hydrocarbon oils is discussed, and the present disincentives to recycling
are reviewed. Economic andtechnical details of a new re-refin,ing process,
the PVH (propane-vacuum-hydrogen) process are presented and advantages of
the PVH process over other waste oil treatments and virgin lube oil refin-
ing are outlined.
C-l546-76
S.551: NATIONAL RECYCLING ACT
Domenici, Randolph, Williams, Fong, McGovern, Baker, McClure. 1975.
Congressional Record 121(15):S1430-1433.
Recycling, Legislation, U.S. government, Waste oil treatment, Waste oil
disposal, Reclamation
This bill calls for federal and state regulations and programs to encour-
age the use of recycled oils. It calls for comprehensive regulations
governing the collection, storage, transfer, disposal and reclamation
of used oils. The act furthermore provides for the repeal of "previously
used" and "reprocessed" oil labelling, requires licensing and record
keeping by used oil collectors and recyclers, and requests annual reports
by the EPA to Congress. The bill outlines enforcement procedures and
penalties for violation or noncompliance of such regulations and laws.
C-l547-76
PROBLEMS FACING THE RE-REFINER
Emmerson, H.R. 1975.
Hydrocarbon Processing 54(9):145-148.
Waste oil treatment, Refining, Recycling, Regulations, Legislation
The number of re-refiners has decreased from 150 in 1960 to 40 in 1975
due to increasingly restrictive state and federal regulations and legis-
lation, increased cost and difficulty in procurement of waste oils,
increased quality demands for recycled oil, and the difficulty of remov-
ing metal contaminants and numerous complex additives from used oil.
The article points out several legislative and technological possibili-
ties that will help the re-refiner overcome such problems.
119
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C-1548-76
FLEXICOKING-CLEAN PRODUCTS FROM DIRTY FEEDS
Griffel, J., G.E. Phillips, and J.C. Spry. 1976.
American Petroleum Institute Refining Department Midyear Meeting,
41st, Los Angeles, 1976. Preprint no. 40-76. 22p.
Reclamation, Crude oil, Extraction, *Flexicoking, *Residual oils
A recently developed thermal cracking process called FLEXICOKING is
capable of converting undesirable high-metal, high-sulfur residual
petroleum crudes into clean petroleum products and environmentally
acceptable fuel gases. The paper describes and discusses the process,
its economics, and its broad applicability to low grade feedstocks.
C-1549-76
REFINING OF WASTE OILS
Hayashida, R. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,148,408
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Refining
A process is described for refining waste oils with suspended solids,
The suspended solids are flocculated by a mixture of sulfonizable
organic polymer and concentrated H2S04. The process not only avoids
oil charring and chemical decomposition inherent in the conventional
H2S04 process, but also greatly shortens the time required for
flocculation and sedimentation of impurities.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#15£341v. 1976.]
C-1550-76
PURIFIER FOR OIL
Henning, E. 1975.
Belgian patent 825,196
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation
The process described involves the use of a centrifuge apparatus
operating under vacuum conditions to reclaim engine oils.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#76720. 1976.]
120
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C-1551-76
APPARATUS FOR RE-REFINING USED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Hindman, G.J. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,923,644
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Crankcase oils, Lubricating oil,
Fuel oil
A process is described for the reclamation of crankcase oils by flash
vaporization with continuous recirculation of a portion of the unvapor-
ized liquid. Successive filtration of the unvaporized liquid produces
a fuel oil or, with additional refining by flash distillation, a lubri-
cant oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#124320h. 1976.]
3,923,644
PROCESS AND APPARATUS KOK RK-RKFININC; USF.l)
PICTROU'UM PRODUCTS
(ieorue J. Hiiidman, Pultstuwn, Pa., assignor lo Ptlrooon Cor-
poration, Valky Korjjv, Pa.
Filed Oct. II, 1974, Sor. Nu. 514,176
Int. Ct.' CIOM .14100, C10G JJ/00 C10C 1120
U.S.CI. 208-186 7Cluims
_
YA'["?-• '•
W'CT^.T,,L.J aa.
,\ •* - "mi*', i
. ii
C-1552-76
RECLAIMING USED MOTOR OIL
Johnson, M.M. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,930,988
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Crankcase oil
121
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Treatment of waste motor oil with aqueous (NH/i^SOzj, or NH4HS04 reduces
the ash content. Further reprocessing of such oil by an adsorbent and
hydrotreating results in an oil with very few ash and trace metal
impurities.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#124330m. 1976.]
3,930,988
RECLAIMING USKI) MOTOR OIL
Marvin M. Johnson, Bartlesvllle, Okla., assignor to Phillips
Petroleum Company, BartlesvilJe, Okla.
Filed Feb. 24, 1975, Set. No. 552,287
Int. Cl.' C10M 11/00; C10C 17100
U.S. Cl. 208 ^182 12 Claims
C-1553-76
REMOVAL OF LEAD AND OTHER SUSPENDED SOLIDS FROM USED HYDROCARBON LUBRI-
CATING OILS
Lewis. R.W., T.A. Rodgers, and C.F. Goeking, Jr. 1975.
U.S. Patent 3,923,643
Reclamation, Lubricating oil, Waste oil treatment
A process for reclaiming used lubricating oil is described which removes
at least 90% of the lead and other suspended solids from oil. Water and
light hydrocarbons are first flashed off, and the suspended impurities
are then agglomerated for removal by heat treatment of the oil at 500-
700°C.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(20):#138228w. 1976.]
3,923,643
REMOVAL OF LEAD AND OTIIKR SUSPEND*:!) SOLIDS
KHOM USKI) HYDROCARBON LUBRICATING OIL
Robert W. Lewis, Houston; Thomas A. Kuclprrs, La I'orlc, and
Charles P. Goekini;, •!«•-, Pasadena, ull of Te»., imi|;iior!> to
Shell Oil Company, Houston, Tex.
Hied June 14, 1974, Ser. No. 479,343
Int. Cl.' CIOM 11100
U.S. Cl. 208- 179 sc|aims
122
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C-1554-76
A JOINT VENTURE OF RECYCLING IN PLANT WASTE OILS
Oster, J.A. and G.T. Booth. 1975.
Automotive Engineering 83(10}:n.p. Summary.
Waste oil treatment, Recycling, Lubricating oils
In recent times, the cost and availability of lubricating oil has become
of prime importance to plant management. Re-refining is becoming generally
accepted as a way of reducing costs and resolving liquid waste disposal
problems.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01525. 1976.]
C-1555-76
RECOVERY OF PETROLEUM OILS FROM WASTES
Ohkubo, T. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 34,305
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation
Waste petroleum-based oils are first treated with alkalis, mixed with
alcohols, polyglycols and/or polyglycol ethers, and then allowed to
stand in order to separate oil from sludge.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#79333b. 1976.]
C-l556-76
REGENERATING WASTE PETROLEUM OILS BY EXTRACTING WITH LIGHT HYDROCARBONS
TO REMOVE SLUDGE
Ohkubo. T. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75 46,705
Reclamation, Waste oil, *Extraction techniques
A petroleum waste oil (except lubricating waste oil) with or without
alkali treatment is treated with a solvent containing C>3 hydrocarbons
and a separating agent (alcohols, polyglycols) to separate oils and
sludge.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(10):#62271g. 1976.]
123
-------
C-1557-76
RECOVERY OF WASTE OILS
Tani, K. 1975.
Japanese patent 75,22,980
Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Waste oil treatment
This process for regenerating spent lubricating oils involves first
mixing the oil with an aqueous base and a surfactant. The mixture
is heated and agitated by blowing in steam for an hour. After
cooling and standing, about 70% of the oil is recovered. The residue
is then centrifuged. The process has a total recovery rate of 70-80%.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(12):#76718. 1976.]
C-1558-76
RECYCLING OF WASTE POLYMERS AND OILS
Yamagami, Y. 1975.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 75,150,669
Reclamation, Recycling, Crankcase oil, *Pyrolization
In this process, waste polymers (rubber and plastics) are combined
and dissolved in waste oils, such as used crankcase oils. The
polymer-oil solution is then pyrolized to yield usable gases, oils
and asphalts.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(22):#155347b. 1976.]
124
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8. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
C-1559-76
NATION'S FIRST UNIVERSITY RUN SPILL CONTROL SCHOOL UNDERWAY
Anon. 1975.
The University and the Sea 8(2):6-7.
Personnel training, Oil spills, Cleanup
Texas A & M University held its first session of oil spill control
school on April 7-11, on the Moody College campus, Galveston. Twenty
students representing various oil companies attended. The school
trains participants to recognize potential spill situations and to
organize and direct an oil spill cleanup effectively and within the
legal framework. The five-day sessions are held every two weeks and
are limited to 20 students.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:#097507. 1976.]
C-l560-76
FIRST OIL SPILL CONTROL COURSE OFFERED BY TEXAS A & M
Oaks, K. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):228-230.
Personnel training, Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Cleanup,
Contingency planning, Regulations
A five-day comprehensive course in oil spill control, which will be
taught at least twenty times per year, has been developed by the Texas
A & M University Engineering Extension Service. The course covers oil
spills originating from onshore and offshore production and transfer
and storage facilities. Classroom and field experience are included
for all phases of spill prevention, containment, cleanup, recovery and
disposal; and such topics as contingency planning, local, state,
federal and international regulations and laws are considered.
125
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9. CONTINGENCY PLANNING
C-1561-76
FISHERMEN CATCH OIL—IN EMERGENCIES
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(3):35.
Oil spills, Alaska, Gulf of, Personnel training, Cleanup, *Port of
Valdez
A 24-hour oil spill contingency plan is now in effect for the Port
of Valdez marine tanker terminal presently under construction. The
specially trained oil spill response crew of 10 men are all experienced
native fishermen and boatmen from the Chugash Natives, Inc., and will
be on call for the duration of the terminal's construction.
C-1562-76
NATIONAL OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES POLLUTION CONTINGENCY PLAN
Council on Environmental Quality. 1975.
Federal Register 40(28):6282-6302.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Government agencies
A comprehensive oil pollution contingency plan is presented which
will cover navigable waters of the U.S., adjoining shorelines, the
contiguous zone, and the high seas where a threat to U.S. waters,
shoreline or shelf bottom exists. The plan is to provide a coordinated
and integrated response from various governmental agencies and depart-
ments in case of an oil spillage or discharge emergency.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20):#219,582. 1976.]
C-1563-76
OIL SPILL CONTROL. PART I. PREVENTION
D'Alessandro, P.L., Jr., and C.B. Cobb. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(2), Section 1:121-124.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Personnel training
Oil spill control consists of prevention and counter-measures. A
carefully developed and adequate oil spill prevention program of any
126
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company must Include training, maintenance and inspection of critical
systems, and upgrading or corrective measures whenever necessary.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,662. 1976.]
C-l564-76
CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR SPILLS OF OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS FOR INLAND
WATERS OF REGION III
Environmental Protection Agency. 1975.
EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly, October-December, 1975. PB-244-
959/3BE.
Oil spills, Inland, Guidelines, Cleanup
The report presents a detailed plan for the coordination of federal
agencies having responsibilities in the cleanup, containment, and
mitigation of spill incidents involving oil and/or hazardous substances.
C-1565-76
REGIONAL OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES POLLUTION CONTINGENCY PLAN
REGION V. INLAND
Environmental Protection Agency. 1974.
EPA PB-237 540/OBE 147p.
Oil spills, Inland, Great Lakes
This plan provides a mechanism for coordinating response to an oil
spill or other hazardous substances in the Great Lakes or its shores.
It also provides methods of coordination between federal and state
agencies and departments.
[from EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly. Jan.-March 75, PB-242 075-
01.]
C-1566-76
PLANNING, EQUIPMENT AND TRAINING FOR OIL SPILL CONTROL. 3RD ED.
Smith, Millard F. 1975.
Slickbar, Inc., Dept. PB, P.O. Box 139, Southport, CT. 06490. 98p.
Oil spills, Personnel training, Cleanup, Dispersants
127
-------
The material on spill control planning, personnel training and equip-
ment is updated in this edition and a chapter on potential uses of
dispersants has been added.
[from Environmental Science and Technology 10(5):498. 1976.]
C-1567-76
THE NATIONAL STRIKE FORCE CONCEPT IN HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE DISCHARGE
RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
Williams, H.D. 1975.
International Symposium on Transport of Hazardous Cargoes by Sea and
Inland Waterways, 4th, Jacksonville, 1975. 12p.
Personnel training, Oil transport, Oil discharges
The organizations, training, equipment and activities of the Coast
Guard's National Strike Force are documented. Problems associated
with the transport of hazardous substances other than oil are described.
[from MRIS Abstracts 12:#127079. 1976.]
128
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EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-l568-76
IMPACT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ADDED TO AN ORGANIC SOIL ON MICROBIAL
POPULATIONS AND PLANT UPTAKE OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
Allerton, R.D. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis, Ohio State University. 69p.
Biological effects, Microorganisms, Plants, Soil, Crude oil, Fuel oil
Crude oil and diesel fuel were used in the title study, and the fol-
lowing general results were reported: soil moisture and temperatures
were higher than in control soils; microbial populations decreased after
application of the petroleum products and returned to normal levels
after 9 months; vegetation on oiled plots was stunted in comparison
to that in control plots, but normal growth was apparent after 75 days.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(17):#218,911. 1976.]
C-l569-76
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS: AN
OVERVIEW
Anderson, J.W. 1975.
American Petroleum Institute Publication No. 4249. 70p.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Marine organisms
Summary not available.
[from Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom 56(1):132. 1976.]
C-1570-76
LIQUID MEMBRANES TRAP ASSORTED POISONS
Anon. 1976.
Science News 109(16):246.
Petrochemicals, Toxicity, Health hazards*, *Liquid membranes
129
-------
Recent research by Norman N. Li of Exxon Research and Engineering
shows that poisoning from inorganic and organic toxic compounds, in-
cluding petroleum products, can be effectively treated by liquid mem-
brane systems. Other applications for liquid membranes include the
selective separation of organic compounds, such as reclamation or
upgrading of petroleum products.
C-1571-76
MOTORBOATS AND MARINE LIFE
Anon. 1976.
Science News 106(21):321-336.
Biological effects, Fuel oil, Mollusks
About 10% of the oil-fuel mixture in boat outboard motors is unburned
and is leaked into the marine environment. Recent research shows that
oysters and mussels exposed to hydrocarbon concentrations of about 50
ppm are damaged and many others die. Such concentrations could be
approached in marinas and closed bays.
C-1572-76
PEREGRINE AND RAVEN POSSIBLY CONTAMINATED BY FULMAR OIL (news brief)
Booth, C.J. 1976.
British Birds 69(2):61.
Birds, Biological effects
The news brief describes observationsof birds believed to have been
contaminated by oil. Their ability to fly appeared to be severely
impaired by an oily substance matting their feathers.
C-1573-76
MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A PENICILLIUM SP. GROWN ON jf-HEXADECANE
OR PEPTONE
Cundell, A.M., W.C. Mueller, and R.W. Traxler. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(3):408-414.
Hydrocarbons, Fungi, *Penicillium sp.
The study was designed to compare the morphology and ultrastructure
of a Penicillium sp. when grown in liquid culture on n-hexadecane
or peptone using transmission and scanning electron microscropy.
130
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The fungus grew as hollow mycelial balls surrounding individual hydro-
carbon droplets on n-hexadecane and as solid mycelial balls on peptone.
Inclusions present in the hexadecane-grown mycelium were absent when
the fungus was grown on peptone. These findings support the generality
that hydrocarbons are sequestered in bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
C-l574-76
TOXICITY OF CRUDE OILS AND A DISPERSANT TO THE STONY CORAL MADRACIS
MIRABILIS
Elgershuizen, J.H.B.W., and H.A.M. DeKruijf. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):22-25.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Toxicity, Crude oil, Dispersants, Coral reefs
In many areas, coral reefs are now exposed to oil and, subsequently,
to dispersants when cleanup methods are used. The authors have con-
cluded from their experiments that in a major oil spill the reefs are
more endangered by the cleanup with chemical detergents than by the
oil.
C-1575-76
THE MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MARINE POLLUTION BY ORGANIC CHEMICALS
Elias, P.S. 1975.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 189(1096):443-458.
Biological effects, Health hazards, *0rganic pollutants
Toxicological information required for an assessment of the health
hazards to man of organic pollutants in the marine environment is
reviewed. An interpretation of these biological data is given.
Examples of organic pollutants which pose a health hazard to man
include the organomercury compounds, domestic sewage, pesticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls, and petroleum and its derivative oils.
[from Toxicity Bibliography 8(4):#2331. 1976.]
C-1576-76
ACUTE TOXICITIES OF CRUDE OILS AND OIL DISPERSANT MIXTURES TO RED
SEA FISHES AND INVERTEBRATES
Eisler, R. 1975.
Israel Journal of Zoology 24(1-2):16-27.
131
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Toxicity, Crude oil, Dispersants, Fish, Invertebrates, Red Sea
Samples of Persian Gulf and Sinai crude oil and oil dispersants with
surfactant and solvent fractions were tested for their toxicity to
10 different marine species, including teleosts, octocorals, crustaceans,
mollusks and echinoderms. Fish and crustaceans were generally the most
adversely affected; mollusks were the most resistant. The paper also
discusses the parameters and results of bioassay methodology applied
to this study.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(10)#70019. 1976.]
C-1577-76
AID FOR OILED WATERFOWL
Hay,K.G. 1975.
Atlantic Naturalist 30(4):156-163.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Birds, Contingency planning, Personnel
training
Past and current studies of the effects of oil on seabirds are reviewed.
Recent oil spill disasters and their effects on waterfowl are also dis-
cussed. Contingency planning and training of volunteers are felt to
be essential in reducing the mortality rate of oiled birds.
C-l578-76
EFFECTS OF OIL SPILL ON SHORE VEGETATION {English summary)
Hoiland, K. 1975.
Blyttia 33(3):141-149.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Plants, Algae
Fresh crude oil spills have a more harmful effect on certain onshore
plants and filamentous algae than do weathered spills. Oil emulsi-
fiers harm some plants more than crude oil alone. Perennial plants
tend to show good recoveries, whereas annuals are killed after oil
pollution. Ripe seeds from annuals are not harmed by the oil and
develop normally in the next growing season.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(10):#54521. 1976.]
C-1579-76
THE INFLUENCE OF CRUDE OIL AND MIXTURES OF CRUDE OIL/DISPERSANTS ON
THE ONTOGENIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BALTIC HERRING, CLUPEA HARENGUS
MEMBRAS L
Linden, 0. 1976.
Ambio 5(3):136-140.
132
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Biological effects, Crude oil, Dispersants, Fishes, *Baltic herring
Three different dispersants were used in studies to measure the
effects of Venezuelan crude oil and oil mixed with dispersants on
the Baltic herring. These included Finasol SC, which is highly toxic,
and Finasol OSR-2 and BP 1100X, which are considered "non-toxic" dis-
persants. Results show that the toxicity of the crude oil increased
several hundred-fold if the oil spill is dispersed by Finasol OSR-2
or BP 1100X, and by an additional factor of 10 if Finasol SC is used.
C-l580-76
RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SEVEN OIL SPILL EMULSIFIERS
Maggi, P. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-TR-45-75, PB-237-791-T/BE. 9p.
(Translation of Revue des Travaus Institut des Peches Marttimes
(France) 36(1): 121-124. 1972).
Toxicity, Oil spills, Emulsifiers, Marine organisms
The direct toxicity of seven emulsifiers on several marine animals
is discussed. The emulsifiers are designated E22, E30, E41, E47, E52,
and E53; the results show E47 to be the least toxic of the seven.
[from EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly. Jan.-March 75. PB-242-
075-01.]
C-1581-76
DEVELOPMENT OF ALGAE MACROPHYTES UNDER OIL POLLUTION CONDITIONS
(English table of contents)
Mironov, L.G., and I.M. Tsymbal. 1975.
Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow) 18(5):53-56.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Algae, *Macrophyte development
Crude oil pollution retarded early stages of development in the
sprouting of Polvsiphonia breviarticulata. P.. opaca and Pi Tophus
fasciola. Change of color, plasmosis and disturbed cell structure
accompanied death of the sprouts.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(6):#33484. 1976.]
133
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C-1582-76
EFFECT OF SOME LIQUID PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY PRODUCTS ON SOIL
MICROFLORA (English summary)
Munjko, I. 1975.
Hemijska Industrija 29(6):257-263.
Biological effects, Petrochemicals, Soil, Microorganisms, Plants
The development of the petrochemical industry has caused significant
pollution of the ground and groundwater. The favorable and unfavor-
able effects of pollutants such as styrene, tetrapropene, and ethylben-
zene depend on their concentration in the ground. Addition of phenol
completely destroys ground microflora and vegetation, and recovery is
slow.
C-1583-76
PETROLEUM COMPONENTS AND OBJECTIONABLE MALODOROUS SUBSTANCES IN FISH
FLESH POLLUTED BY BOILER FUEL OIL
Ogata, M., and T. Ogura. 1976.
Water Research 10(5):407-412.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Fuel oil, Fishes, *Girella punctata.
*Eels (Angulla rostrata)
Groups of eels (Angulla rostrata) and green fish (Girella punctata)
were reared for up to 14 days in artificially oil-polluted test
dilutions prepared by mixing heavy fuel oil and sea water. Gas
chromatography was used to identify the petroleum components that
had infiltrated the fish flesh. Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
and some aromatic hydrocarbons were revealed as sources of the repug-
nant odor of the polluted fish flesh.
C-l584-76
EFFECTS OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF OIL ACCOMMODATED IN SEA WATER ON THE
GROWTH OF UNIALGAL MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURES
Prouse, N.J., D.C. Gordon, Jr. and P.O. Keizer. 1976.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(4, part 1):810-818.
Crude oil, Fuel oil, Biological effects, Phytoplankton, Algae
The effects of three oils (Venezuelan crude, Kuwait crude, and No.
2 fuel oil) on the growth of five different marine algal species
were investigated under simulated polluted sea water conditions
(< 1 mg oil/liter). In most experiments minor stimulation or inhibi-
tion of growth was apparent. The study suggests that oil pollution
is sea water results in relatively minor and short-lived effects on
the growth of phytdplankton.
134
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C-1585-76
DEATHTRAPS FOR BIRDS
Randall. D. 1975.
Defenders of Wildlife News 50(l):35-38.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Oil wells, Birds
This article surveys in detail the serious bird losses in the United
States caused by practices such as pole trapping, pollution resulting
from abandoned oil wells and oil spilled into streams, and contami-
nation from trona refining plants.
C-1586-76
PRE-EXPOSURE INDUCED CHANGES IN THE TOXICITY OF A CRUDE AND A REFINED
OIL FOR THE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID, NEANT.HES ARENACEODENTATA
Rossi, S.S., and J.W. Anderson. 1975.
American Zoologist 15(3):788. Abstract.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Annelids, *Neanthes arenaceodentata
Pre-exposure to sub-lethal levels of a crude or refined oil for 28
days markedly decreased the toxicity of both oils for N_. arenaceoden-
tata. Pre-exposure to fuel oil produced the greatest changes in
sensitivity; the degree of changes was directly related to the con-
centration of diaromatic hydrocarbons present in the media.
C-l587-76
METABOLISM OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN COHO SALMON (QNCORHYNCHUS
KISUTCH)
Roubal, W.T., T.K. Collier, and D.C. Malins. 1976.
Federation Proceedings35(7):1710.
Monitoring, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Fishes, *Coho Salmon
Benzene-U-^C, naphthalene-l-14c, and anthracene-9-14C were administered
to juvenile coho salmon in the food and by intraperitoneal injection.
After each exposure, 14c in key organs (i.e. liver, brain) increased
with time in the order anthracene>naphthalene>benzene. After intra-
peritoneal injection the highest percentages of aromatic metabolites
occurred in the gallbladder and significant amounts were found in the
liver, brain, and muscle. Data suggest that aromatic metabolites are
broadly distributed in fish exposed to polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons and consideration of these products should be included when quanti-
fying aromatic hydrocarbons in marine fish.
135
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C-1588-76
EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL ON ZOOBENTHOS COLONIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES
IN SUBARCTIC AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
Rosenberg, D.M., and N.B. Snow. 1974.
Congress International Association of Limnology, 19th, Winnipeg, Canada,
1974. Verhandlungen-Internationaler Verein fur Theoretische und
Augewandte Limnologie 1975. Parts, p.2172-2177.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Contamination, Invertebrates, *0il-
treated substrates
The average numbers of invertebrates colonizing oil-treated artificial
substrates vs. untreated controls were compared for four subarctic
rivers; the results were found to be inconsistent. Possible reasons
for the different results are considered, and the use of this system
for investigating contamination by crude oil is discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(21):#145526v. 1976.]
C-1589-76
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DERMATOTROPIC EFFECT OF SOME DERIVA-
TIVES OF CRUDE OIL. I. INVESTIGATION OF THE DERMATOTROPIC EFFECT OF
MINERAL OIL EXTRACTS CONTAINING PARAFFIN AND PARAFFIN-FREE EXTRACTS
(English summary)
Sak, M., E. Hegyi, and K. Miglierini. 1975.
Ceskoslovenska Dermatologie 50(3):192-196.
Biological effects, Health hazards, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
hydrocarbons
This article calls attention to the health hazards and economic impor-
tance of occupational skin diseases caused by crude oil products,
which accounted in 1972 for 17.3% of all reported occupational skin
diseases in Czechoslovakia and for 14.8% in the U.S.S.R. Using the
epicutaneous tests in man and kerotose tests in rabbits, it was shown
that paraffin-free refined oils, especially those with a higher con-
tent of aromatic hydrocarbons, have a more marked dermatotropic effect.
C-l590-76
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DERMATOTROPIC EFFECT OF SOME DERIVA-
TIVES OF CRUDE OIL. II. INVESTIGATION OF THE DERMATOTROPIC EFFECT OF
FRACTIONS AFTER MOLECULAR DISTILLATION OF THE PARAFFIN-FREE EXTRACT OF
OIL FROM SARATOVO CRUDE OIL (English summary)
Sak, M., E. Hegyi, and K. Miglierini. 1975.
Ceskoslovenska Dermatologie 50(3):192-196.
136
-------
Biological effects, Health hazards, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
hydrocarbons
The title investigation was conducted using the epicutaneous test for
man and the keratose test in rabbits. Samples rich in aromatic hydro-
carbons were found to cause the most marked microscopic tissue changes.
C-1591-76
THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CRUDE OIL AND NAPHTHALENE ON THE
PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF A FRESH WATER GREEN ALGA
Soto, C., J.A. Hellebust, and T.C. Hutchjnson. 1975.
Verhandlugen Internationale-Vereingung fur Theoretische Angewandte
Limnologie 19(Part 3):2145-2154.
Biological effects, Crude oil/Naphthalene, Freshwater, Algae,
*Chlamydomonas angulosa
Crude oil extracts, especially naphthalene, were found to induce
detrimental morphologic changes and inhibited the growth and photo-
synthesis of the green alga, Chlamydomonas angulosa.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(19):#131074j. 1976.]
C-1592-76
THE TOXICITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL AND PETROLEUM HYDRO-
CARBONS ON ESTUARINE GRASS SHRIMP PALAEMONETES PUGIQ (HOLTHIUS)
Tatem, H.E. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A & M University. 142p.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Crustaceans, *Naphthalenes, *Grass
shrimp
The title investigations have shown that grass shrimp are susceptible
in increasing degrees to the toxic effects of crude oil, refined oils
and petroleum hydrocarbons, in that order. Naphthalenes were found
to be expecially toxic. Petroleum and its derivative hydrocarbons
were found to have adverse effects on the hatching, development,
activity and behavior of shrimp.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(17):#116574d. 1976.]
C-1593-76
WATER QUALITY OF THE CULTURE BEDS OF HARD CLAM AND ADJACENT SEA OF THE
YEOSU REFINERY OF HONAM OIL REFINERY COMPANY IN KWANG YANG BAY (English summary)
Won, J.H., and N.P. Go. 1975.
Bulletin of the Korean Fish Society 8(2):73-84.
137
-------
Biological effects, Oil spills, Wastewater, Refineries, Mollusks,
Korea, South.
"The effects of oil spill from the wastewater of Yeosu Refinery on
water quality of hard clam culture beds in Taein-Ri, Kwang Bay, South
Korea, were studied. Wastewater and oil spillage may reach culture
beds in 6-8 hours by tidal current movement. Water quality is nearly
as normal as unpolluted seawater except the concentration of n-hexane
extractive chemicals which was higher than unpolluted seawater in
Sept.-Oct. 1973. It may be caused by wastewater of Yeosu Refinery."
[from Biological Abstracts 61(10):#57643. 1976.]
138
-------
2. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-1594-76
RENOVATION TO MEET POLLUTION RULES COST TOM RABE $60,000 (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
National Petroleum News 68(3):60.
Economic effects, Regulations, Pollution prevention
Albermarle Oil Co. has spent about $60,000 remodeling an 18-year-old
bulk plant in order to comply with federal spill-prevention control
regulations to prevent pollution of a nearby stream. Plant changes
are described.
139
-------
3. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-1595-76
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Adamo, L.C. et. al. 1975.
IES Energy and Environment Conference, Anaheim, 1975. Vol.
p. 49-76.
Oil transport, Oil slicks, Environmental effects, Oil spills,
California, New York
Papers on the following topics were presented: seasonal mean trans-
port of hypothetical oil spills occurring in nearshore waters of Long
Island, N.Y.; study of a water quality imager for coastal zone missions;
the Lockheed offshore oil recovery system; and the effects of discharge
design on the thermal mixing zone in waterways.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(4):#76-02784. 1976.]
C-l596-76
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILLS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC
Adams, W.A., B.F. Scott, and N.B. Snow. 1975
American Society for Testing and Materials, Special Technical Publi-
cation No. 573 p.489-513.
Environmental effects, Oil spills, Lakes, Canada, Arctic, Biological
effects
Two crude oils were spilled into separate, typically productive
Mackenzie River Delta lakes which had been partitioned to provide a
spill area and a control area. Various physical, chemical, and
biological parameters were measured before and after spillage and
were monitored over a period of time. Among the many effects observed
were the initial heavy mortality of littoral invertebrates and micro-
organisms, followed by eutrophication conditions, and a decrease in
diversity of flora and fauna.
C-1597-76
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH WORLD PETROLEUM CONGRESS. VOLUME 6,
CONSERVATION AND SAFETY
Anon. 1975.
Barking, Essex, England, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1975.
338p.
140
-------
Environmental protection, Petroleum industry, Oil spills
Held in Tokyo, Japan, in May 1975, this conference covered topics such
as sulfur removal, microbiological petroleum processing, environmental
protection in industry, and oil spills on land and in water.
[from Environmental Science and Technology 10(5):499. 1976.]
C-1598-76
TROPICAL MARINE POLLUTION
Ferguson Wood, E.J., and R.E. Johannes. 1975.
Oxford, Elsevier, 1975. 192p. (Elsevier Oceanographic Series 12)
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Coral reefs, *Mangroves,
*Sea grass ecosystems
This book is a synthesis of what is presently known about the effects
of various kinds of pollution on the tropical to subtropical marine
and nearshoreenvironment. Included are discussions of the effects of
oil pollution on coral reef communities, mangroves, and tropical sea
grass ecosystems.
C-1599-76
OIL POLLUTION OF INLAND WATERS
Fielding, M. 1976.
Public Health Engineer 4(l):18-22.
Freshwater, Groundwater, Oil spills, Environmental effects
The acute and chronic effects of oil pollution of groundwater and
inland surface waters are reviewed. Environmental effects of oil
pollution are extremely variable and problematic because of the wide
ranges in toxicity, volatility, solubility and degradability of the
many hydrocarbon components of crude oil and refined petroleum.
Current problems in sampling, detecting and monitoring of oil contam-
inants are discussed.
C-l600-76
CHEMICAL CYCLES AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT. ASSESSING HUMAN INFLUENCES
Garrels, R.M., F.T. MacKenzieand C. Hunt. 1975.
Los Altos, Calif., William Kaufman, Inc., 1975. 214p.
Environmental effects, oil spills
141
-------
Included in this review of man's influence on the exogenic cycle are
sections dealing with petroleum and its pollution of atmosphere and
oceans,
[from Biological Abstracts 61(5):#24836. 1976.]
C-1601-76
IMPACT OF OIL OPERATIONS ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Halladay, W.B., and E.W. Mertens. 1975.
Petroleum and Environmental Conservation. International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 1975. p.155-181.
Environmental effects, Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Offshore
production, Tankers, Liability
Many aspects of the fate and effects of oil spills and oil pollution
in the marine environment are reviewed. Other topics discussed are
oil spill prevention, cleanup, and control in offshore platforms,
tankers and terminals; various pollution liability agreements; and
analysis and measurement of oil pollutants.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01302. 1976.]
C-1602-76
THE CHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY OF POLLUTION
Higgins, I.J., and R.G. Burns. 1975.
New York, Academic Press, 1975. 248p.
Environmental effects, Hydrocarbons, Manuals
This interdisciplinary work is aimed at students and workers in the
environmental sciences. The contents include pesticides, sewage and
fertilizers, hydrocarbons, surfactants, synthetic polymers, metals,
and miscellaneous pollutants.
[from New Technical Books 61(4):434. 1976.]
C-1603-76
RESEARCH PROGRAMS FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BALTIC AS A NATURAL
RESOURCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO POLLUTION PROBLEMS
International Council for Exploration of the Sea. 1974.
International Council for Exploration of the Sea, Research Report
No. 42. p.1-45.
142
-------
Baltic Sea, Resource management
Summary not available.
[from Bioresearch Index 11(6):#46484. 1975.]
C-1604-76
SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES, YUKON BEAUFORT SEA COAST
Lewis, C.P. 1975.
Geological Survey of Canada, Paper75-l, Part B. p.165-170.
Biological effects, Physical effects, Oil spills, Coasts, Beaufort
Sea, *Geologic studies
The report outlines the scope of geological field work which was
conducted along the Yukon-Beaufort Sea coast in 1974 to determine
its susceptibility to oil spills. This work was part of a study to
assess the frequency and duration of inundation of coastal features
by oily sea water, and to evaluate the possible biological and physi-
cal effects of oil spillage on the coastal zone.
C-1605-76
POLLUTION OF SEA BOTTOM DEPOSIT (English summary)
Murakami, A. 1975.
Unri to Sora 50(2-3):27-39.
Crude oil, Environmental effects, Sediments, Japan
"Organic pollution of the sea bottom deposit, such as COD, IL, total
S, oil, N, P, and heavy metals, and its effects are discussed. Con-
ditions in the Seto Inland Sea are related. Recovery of such polluting
sea bottom deposits is examined."
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01486. 1976.]
C-l606-76
ASSESSING POTENTIAL OCEAN POLLUTANTS
National Academy of Sciences. 1975.
Washington, D.C., Printing and Publishing Office, National Academy
of Sciences, 1975. xx + 438p.
Toxicity, Hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Biological effects,
Bibliographies
143
-------
This publication summarizes five aspects of pollutants in the marine
environment: their rates of production and release into the environ-
ment: their persistence, concentrations and toxicity; and their ulti-
mate environmental fate. Presented is a comprehensive review of
aromatic hydrocarbons, with emphasis on the petroleum derivatives
benzene and toluene and their bioaccumulation and biological effects.
An extended bibliography on hydrocarbons is included.
C-1607-76
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. VOLUME 4.
EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1975.
Program Work Statements, NOAA-75112904. 72p.
Environmental effects, Contaminants, Hydrocarbons, Crude oil, Alaska
coast
The report consists of nine papers which concern the effects of con-
taminants (oil, hydrocarbons, petroleum, etc.) on the Alaskan coastal
waters. "Portions of this document are not fully legible."
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(7):#PB-248 935/9GA. 1976.]
C-1608-76
PERSISTENT ORGANIC RESIDUES
Portmann, J.E. 1974.
International Symposium on Discharge of Sewage from Sea Outfalls,
London, England, 1974. A.L.H. Gameson (ed.). Oxford, England, Pergamon
Press, 1975. p.123-130.
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Petrochemicals, Wastewater
disposal
The article reviews the occurrence of organic chemicals, including
petrochemicals, in wastewaters and discusses the effects of their
accumulation and concentration in natural waters and organisms.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(18):#126299g. 1976.]
C-1609-76
CHEMICALS HARMFUL TO WATER (English summary)
Schefer, W. 1975.
Forum der Unwelthygiene 1(1):13-17.
144
-------
Fuel oil, Contamination, Environmental effects, Decomposition, Toxicity
The increasing contamination of natural waters by various manufactured
chemical substances including fuel oil is discussed. These chemicals
should be tested for their potential adverse environmental effects
prior to their discharge. Preliminary tests are recommended that will
characterize these substances as to their degradability and toxicity.
[from Water Research Center Information 3(3):#76-1955. 1975.]
C-1610-76
RECENT AIR AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES
Takabayashi, M. 1975.
Yukagaku 24(11) :812-817.
Refineries, Pollution prevention
The article discusses the kinds of air and water pollution arising
from the combustion of petroleum products and from petroleum refinery
processes.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84{12):#78970. 1976.]
C-1611-76
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN
MARINE MUDS (English summary)
Tissier, M.J., and J.L. Oudin. 1974.
Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1973. B. Tissot, and F. Bienner
(eds.). Paris, France, Editions Technip, 1974. p.1029-1041.
Sediments, Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Coasts, France
The hydrocarbon content of mud samples from the northwest coast of
France was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in order to
determine the amounts and types of hydrocarbons present and to
distinguish the naturally occurring hydrocarbons from those derived
from pollutant sources. Marine muds were found to be less contami-
nated with pollutant hydrocarbons than coastal muds; the latter
showed a weak enrichment of heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons.
145
-------
D. EFFECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-1612-76
A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OIL PLATFORMS IN THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL
Bascom, W., and M. Moore. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2523. Abstract.
Offshore drilling, Offshore production, Biological effects, Marine
organisms, Santa Barbara Channel
The findings of a study conducted in 1975 to assess the initial and
long term effects of drilling/production operations on marine life
are presented. The study indicates that abundant species of fish,
mollusks, and other marine organisms live on and near the structures
with no indication of any toxicant uptake.
C-1613-76
OIL SHALE AND WILDLIFE: WHAT'S IT ALL ABOUT
Blum J.R. 1975.
Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 70(4):147-152.
Oil shale development, Biological effects, Wildlife
The development of oil shale resources will have a damaging impact
on fish, wildlife and their habitats, the severity of which cannot
be adequately determined at present. Certain aspects of strip
mining, in-situ processing, transportation, disposal and related
activities may severely contaminate or destroy these natural areas.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,649. 1976.]
C-1614-76
OFFSHORE ECOLOGY INVESTIGATION; EVOLUTION OF OIL INDUSTRY IMPACT ON
CENTRAL COASTAL LOUISIANA
Morgan, J.P. 1975.
American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 59(9):1728.
Abstract.
Offshore development, Louisiana, Biological effects, Marine organisms!
Fisheries
A multidisciplinary cooperative study of the environmental impact of
three decades of intensive offshore development and production has
146
-------
been completed for the Timbalier Bay, Louisiana region. Comparison
of the new data with baseline data of 1952 reveals no significant
detrimental effects on marine organisms, commercial fish, and shrimp
and oyster production. Instead, these studies indicated that oil
production areas have become biologically more productive and contain
a larger biomass than in the period prior to offshore activities.
147
-------
2. SOCIAL EFFECTS
C-1615-76
THE TRADEOFF BETWEEN ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF CRUDE
OIL SUPPLIES FOR CALIFORNIA
Barnett, D.W. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 319p.
Models, Socio-economic effects, Environmental effects, Offshore
production. Oil spills
An analytical model is developed which ranks the comparative social,
economic, and environmental costs and benefits of various petroleum
sources that do or could supply the California market. The study,
which includes oil spill risk analyses, suggests that certain domestic
offshore oil resources can be environmentally and economically supe-
rior to foreign oil.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(8):#N76-16508.
1976.]
C-1616-76
THE DURHAM CONTROVERSY: ENERGY FACILITY SITING AND THE LAND USE
PLANNING AND CONTROL PROCESS
Deal, D.T. 1975.
Natural Resources Lawyer 8(3):437-453.
Refineries, New Hampshire, Socio-economic effects
The controversy arising over the 1973 proposal by Olympic Refining
Co., a Greek corporation, to construct an oil refinery in Durham,
New Hampshire, and an offshore terminal in the Isles of Shoals is
reviewed.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(4):#76-02712. 1976.]
C-1617-76
POLLUTION
Mancke, R.B. 1974.
The Failure of U.S. Energy Policy. New York, Columbia University
Press, 1974. p.35-46.
*U.S. energy production, Legislation, Social effects
148
-------
Pollution by oil and other substances; is seen to be the costly
byproduct of socially desirable and necessary activies such as
energy production. The chapter outlines the increasing awareness
of American society since the mid-1950's toward pollution problems
and identifies the several legislative options available to government
policy makers in controlling polluting industries.
149
-------
3. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-1618-76
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
Anon. 1974.
U.S. Congress, 93rd, 2nd Session, Senate. Joint Economic Committee,
Senate Concurrent Resolution 93, Nov. 19, 21-22, 1974. Hearings.
GPO-51-795. 230p.
Economic effects, Regulations, Pollution prevention, Offshore develop-
ment, Legislation
The economic effects of energy conservation and environmental regula-
tions are discussed. The impact of pollution control legislation on
the development of energy resources, including offshore oil, and the
interactions between environmental regulations and the economy are
among the topics considered.
150
-------
4. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-1619-76
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(4):46.
Oil-gas leasing, Atlantic coast, EIS
A favorable attitude toward Atlantic offshore-oil production emerged
during the public hearings on the environmental impact of leasing
oil and gas tracts off the mid-Atlantic coast, held January, 1976,
in Atlantic City. The Department of the Interior will prepare a final
environmental impact statement which will be followed by its review
by the Council on Environmental Quality and a final decision on the
leasing program by Secretary of the Interior Thoraas Kleppe.
C-l620-76
12.8 MILLION ACRES NOMINATED OFF ALASKA (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry 11(3):73.'
Oil-gas leasing, Environmental effects, Offshore exploration, Alaska,
Gulf of
Thirteen oil companies have expressed interest in 2,326 tracts in the
western Gulf of Alaska,, comprising nearly 5.2 million hectares.
Fisheries groups and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have expressed
concern over the environmental effects of oil exploration, especially
on the Kodiak Island environment and on fishing grounds along its
southern and eastern shores.
C-1621-76
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FEASIBILITY OF SEPARATING EXPLORATION FROM PRO-
DUCTION OF OIL AND GAS ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
Anon. 1975.
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C. 300p.
Offshore exploration, Offshore production, Environmental effects,
OCS
151
-------
The report contains the results of an analysis of the feasibility
of separating offshore exploration from offshore production and an
analysis of the consequences, including environmental impacts,
likely to occur from this separation.
[from Government Reports Announcement 76(7):#PB-248 381/66A. 1976.]
C-1622-76
BERING SEA TRACTS DUE TOUGH ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(12):46.
Oil-gas leasing, Bering Sea, Environmental effects, Offshore explor-
ation
An original federal lease sale list of 3600 tracts totalling over
8.3 million hectares has been sharply reduced to 299 tracts totalling
0.65 million hectares. This reduced list of tracts will undergo an
unusually intense environmental impact study because the area in-
cludes migratory routes, and breeding and feeding grounds for manv
species of mammals, fishes and birds. In addition, the area already
supports major international fisheries.
C-l623-76
COOK INLET TRACTS CHOSEN FOR FUTURE SALE OFFERINGS
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):232.
Oil-gas leasing, Alaska, Gulf of, EIS, *Cook Inlet
152 connected"OCS tracts occupying over 344,000 hec. in Alaska's
Cook Inlet have been tentatively selected by the U.S. Bureau of Land
Management for oil-gas leasing. This action is pending the outcome
of a primary environmental impact statement, public hearing, and a
final environmental impact statement.
C-l624-76
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENTS FOR OFFSHORE OPERATIONS
Anon. 1975.
Sea Technology 16(4):25-26, 29-30.
EIS, Offshore drilling, Oil-gas leasing
152
-------
Comprehensive environmental statements will be required for all off-
shore drilling operations to be conducted in 24 proposed lease areas
offered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. This requirement and
other factors, such as state legislation and pressure from environ-
mental groups will affect the oil industry's decision to lease
offshore land.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(11):#217,418. 1976.]
C-l625-76
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION TITLE XI. VESSELS ENGAGED IN OFFSHORE OIL
AND GAS DRILLING OPERATIONS
Anon. 1976.
Final Environmental Impact Statement, MA-EIS-7302-76015F. 370p.
EIS, Offshore drilling, Environmental effects
Floating offshore oil and gas drilling units and their support vessels
constructed under Title II of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, are
described in this report. Information on the marine environment, the
possible environmental impact of these vessels, and alternatives to
Title II financing of such vessels is presented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(7):#PB-248 857/5GA. 1976.]
C-l626-76
OFFSHORE DRILLING SOUGHT AS PRELUDE TO OSC [sic] SALE (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):271.
Offshore drilling, Alaska, Gulf of, Oil-gas leasing, Environmental
effects
Offshore exploratory drilling in Alaska's Cook Inlet is proposed
prior to bidding in the upcoming OCS oil-gas leasing sale. Several
U.S. agencies are urging the exclusion of about 121,000 hectares
from a possible 810,000 hectares because of the possible dangers to
fishing and marine mammals. Alaska's Department of Environmental
Conservation is concerned about the possible effects of earthquakes
on oil exploration and resultant pollution dangers to wildlife.
C-l627-76
OFFSHORE OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Alaska Seas and Coasts 4(1):5.
153
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Oil-gas leasing, Alaska, OCS
This news item describes the continued delays of the Interior Depart-
ment's scheduled oil and gas lease sales on the outer continental shelf
of Alaska. Various environmental, conservation and fisheries groups
are asking that the sales be restricted in certain areas or delayed
until better techniques for oil spill cleanup in rough waters are
developed.
C-1628-76
OIL IJBER ALLES (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Action 7{23):11.
Refineries, Environmental effects, Fisheries, Virginia
Environmental concern is increasing over the proposed Portsmouth oil
refinery to be constructed at the junction of Virginia's Elizabeth
River and the Chesapeake Bay. Environmentalists are arguing that the
175,000-bar rel-per-day complex threatens the productivity of the es-
tuary, would disrupt the local tourist and fishing industries, and
would be a prime source of air pollution. Supporters claim that it
would further the country's goal of energy independence, and tax
revenues to Portmouth would ease the city's financial problems.
C-1629-76
OPERATORS GIVE THEIR SIDE OF OIL/FISH HASSLE
Anon. 1976.
National Fisherman 56(10):8B-9B.
Offshore development, North Sea, Fisheries, Economic effects
Several questions concerning the development of North Sea oil are
answered by an oilman. Emphasis is put on the oil industries'
efforts to cooperate with the fishing industry in matters concerning
geographical water rights, pipeline damage and pollution.
C-1630-76
SALE OF BERING SEA TRACTS IS SHARPLY REDUCED BY INTERIOR (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):307.
Oil-gas leasing, Alaska, Bering Sea, Environmental protection
154
-------
The U.S. Department of Interior has sharply reduced the acreage of a
proposed oil-gas lease sale for the southeastern Bering Sea off Alaska
from 617 million hectares to 0.6 million hectares. Much of this
acreage has been withdrawn because it contains environmentally criti-
cal areas, such as the St. George Basin region, which is believed to
be among the biologically most productive waters in the world; or it
encompasses animal migratory routes, breeding grounds, and native sub-
sistence fishery areas.
C-1631-76
SOCAL SEEKS PERMIT FOR NEW DRILLING IN SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):318.
Santa Barbara Channel, Offshore drilling, EIS, Oil spills
Standard Oil of California wants to drill 36 new wells from its four
existing platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel. According to its
draft environmental impact statement prepared for California's State
Lands Commission, Standard believes it could triple offshore produc-
tion without greatly increasing the risk of an oil spill, and without
incurring irreversible environmental changes.
C-1632-76
SOVIETS ADMIT TROUBLES IN OIL SHALE
Anon. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(40): 42-43.
Oil shale development, USSR, Environmental effects, Production
The Russian oil shale industry in the Estonian basin is experiencing
some serious problems, including large-scale mining losses, a continu-
ing lag in production of oil shale-derived fuels and chemicals, and
unacceptably high environmental pollution problems.
[from Fuel Abstracts 17(3):1526. 1976.]
C-1633-76
TRACTS PICKED OFF PRIBILOF ISLANDS
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):216.
Oil-gas leasing, OCS, Bering Sea, Environmental protection
155
-------
Comprehensive environmental studies are set to begin on a 0.7 million hec-
tare proposedOCS lease area southeast of the Pribilof Islands in the
Bering Sea. The present site was selected by various concerned
federal agencies from an original area totalling 6.7 million hectares
Tracts that were eliminated included areas of nutrient upwelling,migra-
tory routes, and breeding and feeding grounds for many fish,mammal and
bird populations.
C-1634-76
WHERE THE SEA MEETS LAND: THE COASTAL ZONE
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(2):118-119.
Coasts, Legislation, Offshore development, Environmental management
The objective of the newly formed Coastal Society is to gather the
necessary information to provide an holistic approach to coastal
science management, planning and assessment. The Society held a
conference on "The Present and Future of Coasts" in November, 1975,
and covered topics relating to the present status of coasts, coastal
legislation, U.S. offshore oil policies and coastal environmental
impacts, and food and energy as resources or threats.
C-1635-76
ALBERTA'S ATHABASCA OIL SANDS: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE
Bresee, P., and S. Tyler. 1975.
Alternatives 4(2):21-33.
Environmental effects, Production, Tar sands, Canada, *Alberta
The article discusses various aspects of the development of Alberta's
Athabasca oil sands including possible environmental effects. The
strip-mining operations as well as the disposal of tailings and
tarry residues will have widespread adverse effects on the land,
wildlife, vegetation and groundwater. Large in-situ processing plants,
refineries, and petrochemical plants will present a host of environ-
mental problems, including thermal and oil pollution and disposal of
liquid and gaseous wastes.
C-l636-76
INPUT OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS FROM PETROLEUM OPERATIONS
INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO
Brooks, J.M., J.R. Gormly, and W.M. Sackett. 1975.
EOS 56(6):373. Abstract.
156
-------
Offshore production, Gulf of Mexico, Monitoring, Hydrocarbons
Monitoring studies of dissolved GI to 64 hydrocarbons in shelf waters
of the Gulf of Mexico have revealed an increase of two orders of
magnitude over the last five years. The sources of these hydrocar-
bons are waste brines and gases discharged from offshore platforms.
C-1637-76
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM: HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS
IN AN OIL PRODUCING AREA
Darker, P.L. 1974.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Drilling in the Eastern
Gulf of Mexico. R.E. Smith (ed.). St. Petersburg, Florida, State
University System of Florida, Institute of Oceanography, 1974. p.279-
289. Proceedings.
Hydrocarbons, Offshore production, Louisiana, Oil spills, Biological
effects, Analytical techniques
The chronic level of individual hydrocarbon types was 1-10 ppb for
offshore Louisiana, In areas of oil sptlls, hydrocarbons may reach
levels at which photosynthetic microorganisms and animal eggs are
adversely affected. Present analytical techniques are adequate
acquire baseline chemical data and to detect adverse effects of
aromatic hydrocarbons at environmentally realistic levels.
C-1638-76
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM
Devanney, J.W. 1974. H
Zeitschrtft der Technischen Universitat Berlin 6(3):348-366.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Economic effects, Atlantic
coast, Alaska, Gulf of
Two major studies of the environmental and economic impact of off-
shore petroleum development are reviewed and the most important
results are summarized. The areas studied are the Georges Bank and
New England, and the Atlantic and Gulf of Alaska continental shelves.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 8(10):#2992. 1975.]
157
-------
C-1639-76
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN OFFSHORE AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Falkingham, D.H. 1975.
Petroleum and Environmental Conservation. International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 1975. p.215-240.
Environmental protection, Offshore exploration, Offshore production,
Oil transport, North Sea
Environmental protection and safety measures used in offshore explora-
tion, production, and oil loading and transfer facilities are reviewed.
Methods to deal with oil spills are described. The oil industry's
cooperative environmental efforts are illustrated with examples from
North Sea operations.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01930. 1976.]
C-1640-76
FLORIDA COASTAL POLICY STUDY: IMPACT OF OFFSHORE OIL DEVELOPMENT
Florida State University, Department of Urban and Regional Planning;
University of South Florida, Department of Geography 1975.
Talahassee, Florida, Florida Energy Office, 1975. 273p.
Offshore development, Florida coast, Environmental effects,
Regulations
This report discusses the following areas related to offshore oil and
gas development: associated facilities, socio-economic impacts,
environmental impacts, pipeline monitoring, deepwater port development
in Florida, and projected offshore oil and gas reserves. The study
was initiated to help minimize any adverse effects on coastal areas
through the identification of guidelines and regulations which should
be implemented for onshore development.
[from The Marine Newsletter 7(2):3. 1976.]
C-1641-76
ONSHORE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO BE HANDLED WITH CARE
AND PLANNING
Frausseu, H.T. 1976.
tfffshore 36(5):352-376.
Offshore development, Biological effects, Socio-economic effects,
Environmental management
158
-------
This article is a broad review of the biological, socio-economic,
and offshore and onshore environmental effects of oil production.
The varied sources of oil spills and oil pollution in marine environ-
ments are reviewed, and the necessity of careful local and regional
environmental planning in offshore development is stressed.
C-l642-76
OFFSHORE PETROLEUM DRILLING AND PRODUCTION
Hickman, R.R. 1975.
Report of the Conference on Marine Resources of the Coastal Plains
States, Savannah, Georgia, 1975. Wilmington, North Carolina, Coastal
Plains Center for Marine Development Service, 1975. p.81-84.
Offshore drilling, Offshore production, Gulf of Mexico, Design and
engineering, Pollution prevention
The paper outlines the scope and diversity of present offshore explor-
ation and production, and focuses on the Gulf of Mexico region.
Included is a review of platform equipment designed to prevent oil
spillage and leakage, and oil industry cooperative equipment for
combatting major oil spills or pollution problems.
C-1643-76
AN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR DRILLING IN THE CANADIAN
BEAUFORT SEA
Hnatiuk, J. 1976.
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 15(l):29-36.
Environmental protection, Offshore drilling, Biological effects,
Oil spills, Beaufort Sea, Canada
A comprehensive environmental research program has been developed for
the southern Beaufort Sea in order to provide ecological baseline
data and to help develop constraints for protecting the environment
during offshore oil exploration and production activities. Specific
oil-related studies in this cooperative government-industry sponsored
research program include biological effects of oil spills and oil
discharges and cleanup operations in ice-infested waters.
C-l644-76
OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN LABRADOR-NEWFOUNDLAND
Howe, E.L. 1975.
Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Department of Geological
Sciences, Research Report Series No. 20. p.29-38.
159
-------
Offshore exploration, Pollution prevention, Canada, *Labrador
This paper reviews some of the environmental factors associated with
oil exploration activities off the coast of Labrador. The greatest
problem in this region is the hazard of small to large icebergs
which can disrupt or threaten drilling operations. The comprehensive
oil pollution prevention and control measures that are employed in
the drilling operations are outlined and discussed.
C-1645-76
CHARACTERISTICS AND POSSIBLE ROLE OF VARIOUS WATERS SIGNIFICANT TO
IN SITU OIL SHALE PROCESSING
Jackson, L.P., R.E. Poulson, T.J. Spedding, T.E. Phillips, and H.B.
Jenson. 1975.
Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 70(4):105-134.
Oil shale development, Environmental effects, Wastewater disposal
In situ oil shale development requires an assessment of the environ-
mentally acceptable uses, storage and ultimate disposal of water
produced during retorting of oil shales, as this water may contain
environmentally significant amounts or organic and inorganic contam-
inants.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):218,670. 1976.]
C-l646-76
OFFSHORE DRILLING AND PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Joens, A. 1975.
Florida Scientist 37(Supplement 1):16. Abstract.
Offshore drilling, Offshore development, OCS, Regulations, Environ-
mental protection
This paper summarizes the latest environmental technology that is now
being employed in all phases of offshore exploratory drilling, develop-
ment and production operations. These technological developments are
meeting stringent OCS environmental regulations and standards.
C-1647-76
THE OCS FORGOTTEN LAND: TERRITORIAL SEA, NEARSHORE, AND ESTUARY
Jones, J.I. 1975.
Report of the Conference on Marine Resources of the Coastal Plains
States, Savannah, Georgia, 1975. Wilmington, North Carolina, Coastal
Plains Center for Marine Development Services, 1975. p.73-75.
160
-------
DCS, Offshore development, EIS, Environmental effects, Coasts, Estuaries
The area extending from the coastal region of each state offshore to
three miles is the most naturally productive and environmentally
vulnerable area of the continental shelf. However, this area is
essentially ignored by Federal environmental studies. This article
calls for increased responsibility by the Federal government and for
comprehensive environmental evaluation and analysis by naturally
contiguous groups of states. Studies should include environmental,
social and economic impact of OCS development on coastal, littoral
and estuarine regions.
C-1648-76
OUR ISLANDS OIL
Lovegrove, M. 1976.
London, England, Witherby and Co., Ltd., 1976. 167p.
North Sea, Offshore development, Environmental effects
This reference source includes topics on North Sea oil development,
finance, personnel, politics, environment and conservation.
[from Oil and Gas Journal 74(12):106. 1976.]
C-1649-76
GEOLOGY OF SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL; BEFORE AND AFTER
McColloh, T.H. 1975.
American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 59 (11, Rart I):
2196-2197. Abstract.
Offshore development, Santa Barbara Channel, Natural seepage, Oil
spills
Since the 1969 blowout, 138 new wells have been drilled, and as of
January, 1975, nearly 106 million barrels of oil have been produced
without a single reported serious spill in the Santa Barbara Channel.
Oil and gas seepage near the blowout site has steadily decreased with
continued production, but large amounts of crude oil and natural gas
are still released by numerous natural seeps in the channel.
161
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C-1650-76
THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN JAPAN
Miyamori, K. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Review paper la.
Environmental effects, Production, Petroleum industry, Japan
The paper reviews some of the current problems of the Japanese petro-
leum industry, among which are the problems related to environmental
pollution.
[from Fuel Abstracts 17(3):#2067. 1976.]
01651-76
WHAT WILL BE DONE WHEN THE WELLS GO WILD
Phillips, M. 1974.
Construction News 5396:19-21.
Offshore production, Leakage, Blowout prevention, Oil wells
This article considers how serious the pollution resulting from off-
shore oil leakage or blowouts would be, and how the oil companies
are planning to prevent such incidents and control them.
[from Ecological Abstracts 1975/6:#75L/3950. 1976.]
C-1652-76
A WESTERN REGIONAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT STUDY: PRIMARY ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS. VOLUME 1
Radian Corporation. 1975.
Staff Report, EQ-4AC037-Vol-l; PB-246 264/6GA. 193p.
EIS, Oil shale development, Tar sands, Environmental effects, Produc-
tion, *Western U.S.
The environmental impacts of the development of oil, oil shale, tar
sands, and other resources are analyzed for Arizona, Colorado, Montana,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. The environmental effects
of all aspects of development-extraction, conversion and transportation
are considered.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(19):#219,364. 1976.]
162
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C-1653-76
A WESTERN REGIONAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT STUDY: PRIMARY ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS. VOLUME 2
Radian Corporation. 1975.
Staff Report, EQ-4AC037-Vol-2; PB-246 265/3GA. 771 p.
EIS, Oil shale development, Tar sands, Environmental effects, Produc-
tion, *Western U.S.
The primary environmental impacts of 38 resource development scenarios
including oil, tar sands and oil shale projects in seven western
states are assessed. The production of wastewater and solid wastes
during extraction, processing and transport are included in considera-
tions of environmental effects.
[from Petroleum Abstractsl6(19):#219,363. 1976.]
C-1654-76
THE GULF OF ALASKA LURES EXPLORERS WITH PRIME STRUCTURES
Rintoul, W. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):240,243,245-247.
Alaska, Gulf of, Oil-gas leasing, Offshore development, Environmental
effects, Socio-economic effects
The Gulf of Alaska oil lease sale was held in April, 1976, overriding
the Environmental Protection Agency's and Council on Environmental
Quality's request for a sale delay until further environmental studies
are conducted. The State of Alaska and several villages also asked
for delays until the onshore socio-economic impacts of offshore develop-
ment are known. A significant part of the acreage was withdrawn from
sale because of the high risks of oil spill damage to the Kayak Island
region and to fishing areas.
C-1655-76
THE OIL SHALE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY PANEL, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND THE
FEDERAL PROGRAM -PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Rogers, W.L. 1975.
Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 70(4}:1-18.
Oil shale development, Law enforcement, Regulations, Environmental
protection
The objective of the Oil Shale Environmental Advisory Panel is to
advise federal agency officials on matters dealing with enforcement
163
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of environmental regulations governing oil shale leases. Areas of
concern include waste disposal, water pollution and contamination,
and preservation of wildlife and vegetation.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,658. 1976.]
C-1656-76
FISHERMEN'S FRIEND SET TO BATTLE AS OILMEN MOVE TO GEORGES BANK
Saft, S. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(1):16A,32A.
Offshore exploration, Georges Bank, Economic effects, Fishes, Oil
spills
Many of the 206 separate Georges Bank's sites listed by the Depart-
ment of Interior as possible oil exploration lease tracts will be
disputed by various fishing interests and coastal resources manage-
ment groups. These groups want certain tracts withheld from oil
exploration because they are considered very high to high catch areas
or specific spawning grounds for fish species. In addition, other
interest groups want oil rigs excluded from within the50-mile limit
to prevent coastal oil pollution in case of spills.
C-1657-76
A WELL DRILLED IN VENEZUELA, DEEPEST IN LATIN AMERICA
Sensano, J., and R. Leonard. 1976.
Petroleo Internacional 34(2):14-15.
Drilling, Oil wells, Pollution prevention, Venezuela
A 5800 meter well was drilled in Lake Maracaibo in 1974. An advanced
and effective surface system was used for handling the mud, especially
the drill cuttings, so that no pollution of the lake's water occurred
and oil spillage was avoided.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(12):#217,558. 1976.]
C-1658-76
QUANTITATIVE BASELINE DEFINITION FOR TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AT OIL
SHALE TRACTS C-a
States, J.B. 1975.
Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 70(4):135-141.
Monitoring, Oil shale development, Environmental effects
164
-------
As part of the oil shale lease stipulations, the terrestrial baseline
definition program will rigorously inventory and quantify the major
components and interactions of ecosystems in and near oil shale tract
C-a. This data will be used to evaluate and monitor possible environ-
mental effects of the Rio Blanco oil shale development.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,647. 1976.]
C-1659-76
PROPOSED 1976 OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS LEASE SALE OFFSHORE
THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES. OCS SALE NO. 40
U.S. Bureau of Land Management. 1976.
Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office. 1976. Vol.1-4.
EIS, Offshore development, OCS, New Jersey, Delaware, Environmental
effects, Oil-gas leasing
This four-volume final .environmental impact statement covers 154 tracts,
of 354,820 hectares of federal OCS lands offshore the mid-Atlantic
states of New Jersey and Delaware. The tracts are located 75 to 150
kilometers from shore in water depths of about 40-185 meters. Adverse
environmental and socio-economic effects of OCS development are
assessed. The probability of oil spillage and resultant damage to
marine biota and wildlife is considered. Mitigating effects and circum-
stances of OCS development in this region are presented.
C-1660-76
OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT IN THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF OFF CALIFORNIA
U.S. Geological Survey. 1976.
Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976. FES 76-13,
Vol 1-3.
EIS, Offshore development, OCS, Santa Barbara Channel, Environmental
effects, Oil-gas leasing
This three volume final environmental impact statement identifies
and evaluates probable and potential offshore and onshore effects of
oil development in the Santa Barbara Federal OCS lease areas. Four
general options of such development are as follows: 1) continued
production at present rates; 2) increased production from currently
developed leases; 3) exploration and development of all existing
leases; and 4) leasing, exploration and development of presently
unleased areas.
165
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C-1661-76
POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT ON LAND RESOURCES
Weaver, G.D. 1974.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 29(2):73-76.
Environmental effects, Oil shale development, Contamination, Ground-
water, *Colorado River
Unacceptable environmental impacts may result from oil-shale mining
and shale waste disposal in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Ground-
water as well as surface waters would be affected by oil contamination
from the natural leaching of shale wastes or on site processing.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(4):#W76-01691. 1976.]
C-1662-76
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCED WATERS FROM OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
OPERATIONS
Weiss, F.T., and C.D. McAuliffe, and C.B. Koons. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2447. Abstract-
Environmental effects, Wastewater, Offshore production, Marine organisms)
Toxicity
The constituents of produced waters from oil and gas extraction and
their toxic effects on the marine and coastal environments are reviewed.
The study indicates that concentrations of hydrocarbons and inorganic
compounds in produced waters are quickly reduced by natural processes,
and that these waters have not been found to have detrimental effects
on the marine environment.
C-1663-76
ENDANGERED SPECIES: THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT
Winsor, D.B. 1975.
Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 70(4):153-157.
Oil shale development, Environmental management, Conservation,
*Endangered species
The article outlines the U.S. Department of Interior's plan to coordi-
nate with other federal and state agencies certain management proce-
dures that will assure the preservation of endangered species during
oil shale development.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,650. 1976.]
166
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C-1664-76
CONTAMINATION OF AN AQUIFER BY SALT WATER INJECTION
Woods, C. 1974.
Engineering Bulletin of Purdue University, Engineering Extension
Series 145 (part 1):141-147.
Contamination, Drilling, Texas, *Freshwater aquifer
A study of the Seymour Formation, a fresh water aquifer in north-
central Texas, indicates that local contamination of fresh water wells
has been caused by unplugged drill holes, surface spillage, and
improperly designed, maintained and operated injection wells.
[from Chemical Abstracts 48(12):#79440j. 1976.]
167
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
C-1665-76
MICROBIAL DETERIORATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND THEIR PREVENTION BY
TOXIC INHIBITORS
Abou-Zeid, and A. Abou-Zeid. 1975.
Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten
und Hygiene, Abt. 2 130(5):491-501.
Microorganisms, Petrochemicals, *Degradation inhibitors
This article is a review with 17 references dealing with biodegradation
of various petroleum products and its inhibition."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(14):#92367. 1976.]
C-1666-76
SUPER MICROBE EATS MORE OIL
Anon. 1976.
Processing 22(2):7.
Hydrocarbons, Oil spills, Bacteria
A new "supermicrobe", created by genetic engineering from four different
strains of naturally occurring bacteria, is designed to biodegrade petro-
leum to forms that can be utilized by other marine life. The organism
can digest about two-thirds of the hydrocarbons involved in an oil spill
and can assimilate them several times faster than any other known organ-
ism.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(17):#218,909. 1976.]
C-1667-76
SUPER-STRAIN OIL BACTERIA (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):20.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Bacteria
A "super-strain" bacteria to deal with oil spills has been developed
by the U.S. General Electric Company. The organism, still in the
laboratory stage, is a combination of four hydrocarbon-degrading
bacterial strains and is claimed to digest crude oil several times
faster than any other known organism.
168
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C-1668-76
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN EXTREMELY COLD MARINE ENVIRON-
MENTS
Atlas, R.M. 1975.
Annual report, Contract N00014-74A-l80-0001. 42p.
Crude oil, Arctic, Toxicity
The biodegradability of Prudhoe crude oil in the Arctic was studied
in flow-through chemostats. The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus
enhanced biodegradation. Prudhoe crude, Arctic Diesel and JP5 were
shown to be subject to biodegradation at low temperatures by indige-
nous Arctic microorganisms when nitrogen and phosphorus were added.
Crude oil contamination and S02 exposure inhibited essential algal
and lichen metabolic activities.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(4):#AD-A018 711/26A. 1976.]
C-1669-76
PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION IN THE ARCTIC
Atlas, R.M., and E.A. Schofield. 1974.
Symposium-workshop on Impact of the Use of Microorganisms on the
Aquatic Environment, Pensacola, Florida, 1974. Bourquin, Meyers, and
Ahearn (eds.). Corvallis, Oregon, Office of Research and Development,
EPA, 1975. p.183-198. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ecologi-
cal Research Series, EPA-660/3-75-001)
Emulsification, Microorganisms, Arctic, Alaska
Alaskan arctic waters were found to contain oil-degrading and oil-
emulsifying microbial populations comparable to those of temperate
Atlantic waters. Biodegradation rates could be enhanced by the
addition of P and N fertilizers. Several naturally occurring bac-
teria and yeasts of the Arctic are being tested as possible seed
inocula for increasing oil biodegradation in arctic regions.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(1):#6Q703. 1976.]
C-l670-76
EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC YEASTS ON POLLUTANT OIL AND THE ENVIRON-
MENT
Berner, N.H., D.G. Ahearn, and W.L. Cook. 1975.
Symposium-workshop on Impact of the Use of Microorganisms on the
Aquatic Environment, Pensacola Beach, Florida, 1974. Bourquin, Meyers,
and and Ahearn (eds.). Con/all is, Oregon, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, 1975. p.199-219. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Eco-
logical Research Series EPA-660/3-75-001)
169
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Emulsification, Hydrocarbons, Yeasts, Estuaries
Although hydrocarbonoclastic yeasts have been suggested for use in
emulsifying and degrading residual hydrocarbons from various natural
and manmade sites, they have not yet been proven to be practical
under field conditions. The effectiveness of the yeasts in utilizing
oil varies greatly with environmental conditions and type of oil.
The results of yeast-seeding experiments in estuarine environments
are discussed.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(1):#6Q704. 1976.]
C-1671-76
CHARACTERISTICS OF A FACULTATIVELY PSYCHROPHILIC ACINETOBACTER SPECIES
ISOLATED FROM RIVER SEDIMENT
Brevil, C., T.J. Notitsky, and D.J. Kushner, 1975.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 21(12):2103-2108.
Crude oil, Bacteria, Rivers, Sediments, *Acinetobacter
A bacterium, Acinetobacter sp., isolated from river sediment was
found to be extremely hemolytic and lipolytic. Its action on crude
oil was observed; the organism was able to utilize a wide variety of
carbon sources at temperatures of 20°C and 30°C.
[from Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants 5{5):
#4434. 1976.]
C-1972-76
OXIDATION AND ASSIMILATION OF HYDROCARBONS BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED
FROM THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Cerniglia, C.E. 1975.
Ph.Q Thesis North Carolina University, 65p.
Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Crude oil, Fungi, Bacteria
Microbial assimilation of crude oil and other hydrocarbons was invest!-
gatedby using organisms isolated from mud samples that were collected
along the North Carolina coast. Fungi utilized oil more efficiently
than did bacteria and could assimilate a wide variety of hydrocarbons
as sources of carbon and energy. The most effective fungi isolated
were C_. etexaans and j\ zonatum. Under experimental conditions C_.
elegans assimilated over 90% of a paraffin-base crude oil after seven
days.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(14):#218,154. 1976.]
170
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C-1673-76
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PETROLEUM DEGRADATION IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT
Crow, S.A., S.P. Meyers, and D.G. Ahearn. 1974.
Mer (Tokyo) 12(2) :95-112.
Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Bibliographies
The literature dealing with the effects of crude oil on the microbial
ecosystems and the biodegradation of hydrocarbons is summarized.
Other topics reviewed are the ecology of hydrocarbon utilizers and the
pathways and controlling parameters of hydrocarbon degradation. An
extensive bibliography is included.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(18):#42710. 1976.]
C-1674-76
EFFECT OF IRON ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN SEAWATER
Dibble, J.T., and R. Bartha. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(4):544-550.
Oil slicks, Seawater
Studies on South Louisiana crude oil show ferric octoate, in combina-
tion with paraffinized urea and octylphosphate, to be suitable for
treatment of oil slicks. Nitrogen and phosphorus were also shown to
greatly increase biodegradation in polluted seawater.
C-1675-76
BIODETERIORATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Hill, E.G. 1975.
Microbial Aspects of the Deterioration of Materials. R.J. Gilbert and
D.W. Lovelock (eds.). New York, Academic Press Inc., 1975. p.127-136.
Petrochemicals, Analytical techniques
Eight test methods for determining the biodegradation of petroleum
products in water are given. Sampling and incubation techniques are
discussed. The findings of these tests are not necessarily conclusive,
but are indicators of potential problems in aquatic systems.
C-l676-76
BIODEGRADABLE OIL (letter to editor)
Kolm, H.H. 1975.
Science News 107(1):3.
171
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Regulations, Emulsification, Crankcase oil, Water quality
The letter reports a new regulation, enacted in 1973 in Switzerland,
which prohibits the use of ordinary motor oil in boat engines and
requires the use of a biodegradable oil which readily emulsifies
with water. The oil also imparts a brown color to oil-gasoline
mixtures for inspection and compliance purposes. The use of this
oil has resulted in dramatic improvements of water quality in Swiss
waters.
C-1677-76
PETROLEUM-OXIDIZING BACTERIA OF THE ENISEI RIVER (English summary)
Koronelli, T.V., and V.E. Golimbet. 1976.
Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow) 19(1):105-108.
Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Streams, Bacteria, *Arthrobacter sp.,
*Mycobacterium sp.
Petroleum-degrading Arthrobacter and Mycobacterium species in Enisei
River waters were found to differ in the qualitative composition of
free lipids that they form during oxidation of the petroleum hydro-
carbon n-hexadecane.
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(19):#132562d. 1976.]
C-1678-76
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION SPECIFICITY OF
SOME AROMATIC HYDROCARBON UTILIZING BACTERIA
Omori, T., Y. Jigami, and Y. Minoda. 1975.
Agric. Biol. Chem. 39(9):1775-1779.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Bacteria
This study on hydrocarbon-assimilating microorganisms relates to bio-
degradation of environmental pollutants.
[from Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants 5(5):
#4485. 1976.]
C-1679-76
THE UTILIZATION OF HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATES BY AN OBLIGATE THERMOPHILE,
THERMQMICROBIUM FOSTERI SP. NOV.
Phillips, W.E., Jr. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, 90p.
172
-------
Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, North Carolina, *Thermomicrobium fosteri sp.
nov.
A new]/discovered thermophilic, aerobic bacterium which occurs in the
littoral zone of coastal North Carolina is herein investigated and
described. Its temperature range is 42°-70°F with optimal growth at
60°F. The ability of the bacterium to metabotize various hydrocarbon
substrates is analyzed and determined under varying temperature con-
ditions.
[from Dissertation Abstracts International, B. 36(8):#3785. 1976.]
C-l680-76
THE RESPONSE OF BACTERIAL POPULATIONS TO ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN LAKE
ONTARIO. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LABORATORY MODEL INVOLVING OIL DEGRADA-
TION
Pritchard, P.M., and R.M. Ventullo. 1975.
Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science 12(4):402-404.
Bacteria, Great Lakes, Models
Summary not available.
[from Bioresearch Index 12(3):#20719. 1976.]
C-l681-76
THE DECONTAMINATION BY CERTAIN MICROORGANISMS OF WATER POLLUTED BY
AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBON
Scassellati-Sforzolini, G., A. Savino, M.N. Lollini, and R. Pasquini
1975.
Ann Sclavo 16(4):436-437.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Microorganisms
Summary not available.
[from Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants 5(2):
#1940. 1976.]
C-1682-76
METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE DECOMPOSITION OF HEXADECANE IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Seki, H. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(3):439-441.
173
-------
Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Chemical analysis, *Hexadecane, Japan,
*Tokyo Bay
The article describes a method, based on quantitating 14C02 produced
from [14c] hexadecane, for estimating the rate of hexadecane decom-
position by bacteria in seawater from the petroleum polluted Tokyo
Bay during the summer stagnation period. The decomposition rate at
the surface layer of the inner part of the bay during summer, 1974,
was 0.1 to 1.3 ug/h per liter seawater. A similar horizontal distri'
bution pattern was seen for the density of hexadecane-decomposing
bacteria.
C-1683-76
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF EKOFISK OIL IN SEAWATER BY SACCHAROMYCQPSIS
LIPOLYTICA
Sttfrmer, F.C., and A. Vinsjansen. 1976.
Ambio 5(3):141-142.
Yeasts, *Saccharomycopsis 1ipolytica, *Seeding experiments
The effect of pH and temperature on the acid production during degrada-
tion of Ekofisk oil by the yeast S. lipolytica in seawater in the
presence of nutrients is describee!. Final results indicated that the
biodegraded sample was dispersed. Most of the organic acids produced
have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic part, which makes them useful in
dissolving oil into microdroplets.
C-1684-76
THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF SOME ORGANIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT IN THE WASTE
WATERS RESULTED FROM THE PETROLEUM REFINERIES (English summary)
Vaicum, L., and L. Stefanescu. 1974.
Studii de Epurarea Apelor 16(1-7)150-75.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Toxicity, Microorganisms
The toxicity of sulfonates, mercaptans and naphthenates in refinery
wastewaters affects biological treatment methods. Allyl-mercaptan
was toxic to microorganisms at 5 mg/1 concentrations, sulfom'c lyes
were toxic at concentrations above 5 mg/1, and naphthenic lyes
inhibited nvicrobial respiration at concentrations above 500 mg/1 of
wastewater.
[from Biological Abstracts 61(9):#51792. 1976.]
174
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C-1685-76
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS: DEGRADATION AND GROWTH POTENTIAL FOR ATLANTIC
OCEAN SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Walker, J.D., J.J. Calomiris,, T.L. Herbert, and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Marine Biology 34(1):1-9.
Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Sediments, Atlantic coast
Microorganisms isolated from sediment samples taken from three stations
along a track!ine off the North Carolina coast were examined for their
ability to degrade a number of petroleum hydrocarbons. Bacteria from
samples collected at a depth of 5,000 m showed greater growth and
hydrocarbon degradation when cultured in a seawater medium than in
media made up with salts solution. Growth of bacteria in sediment
samples collected at two stations was suppressed in seawater medium
when a 1% mixture of 19 different petroleum hydrocarbons was added.
C-1686-76
ENUMERATION OF PETROLEUM-DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS
Walker, J.D., and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(2):198-207.
Microorganisms, Bacteria, Yeasts, Fungi, *Enumeration
The effects of various factors, including oil concentration, anti-
biotics, dyes, and inoculum washes, on total counts of petroleum-
degrading bacteria, yeasts and fungi on oil containing media were
examined. Specific media found to be best for enumerating these
microorganisms are recommended, and suggestions are made regarding
the methodology of counting petroleum degraders.
MEASURING THE POTENTIAL ACTIVITY OF PETROLEUM-DEGRADING BACTERIA
Walker, J.D., and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(2):189-197.
Bacteria, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis
[C-14] hydrocarbons were used to evaluate the,hydrocarbon-degrading
potential of bacteria in estuarine and marine environments. Amount
of mineralization of [C-14] hexadecane can be equated with the total
number of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the percentage of the
total heterotrophic bacterial population which they represent.
175
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C-1688-76
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM BY CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Walker, J.D., R.R. Colwell, and L. Petrakis. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(3):423-428.
Bacteria, Sediments, Chesapeake Bay, Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons
Degradation products of petroleum-degrading bacteria from oil-free and
oil polluted sediments were analyzed and compared using techniques of
preferential solubility, column chromatography, gas-liquid chromato-
graphy and mass spectrometry. Microorganisms from oil polluted sediments
effectively utilized saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas
those from oil-free sediments produced greater quantities of residual
asphaltenes.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(19):#219,360. 1976.]
C-l689-76
EFFECTS OF POORLY METABOLIZED HYDROCARBONS ON SUBSTRATE OXIDATION BY
CLADOSPORIUM RESINAE
Walker, J.D., and J.J. Cooney. 1975.
Journal of Applied Bacteriology 39(2):189-195.
Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Fungi, *Cladosporium resinae
Twelve hydrocarbons which singly support no or little growth of £.
resinae were combined with four substrates which do support growth
of the fungus, and their effects on utilization were examined. Of
the 48 combinations, eight supported increased 02 consumption above
the level obtained with the oxidizable substrate alone. High ratios
of hydrocarbon oxidized to C02 to hydrocarbon taken up by the cells
resulted. These ratios may be advantageous during petroleum degrada-
tion in the natural environment since petroleum components could be
degraded without formation of a large biomass.
[from Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants 5(5):
#4738. 1976.]
C-l690-76
COMPARISON OF THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF CRUDE AND FUEL OILS
Walker, J.D., L. Petrakis, and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(4):598-602.
Crude oil, Fuel oil, Bacteria
176
-------
The ability of two crude and two fuel oils to support growth of a
mixed population of estuarine bacteria was examined. Each of the
oils supported a unique population of bacteria and yeasts. Low
sulfur, high saturate South Louisiana crude oil was highly susceptible
to degradation; in contrast, the dense»high sulfur Bunker C fuel oil
was strongly recalcitrant to biodegradation.
C-1691-76
ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS ON THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS
IN TEMPERATE LAKES
Ward, D.M. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison. 142p.
Bacteria, Lakes, *Nutrient limitations, *Temperature
In temperate lakes, the biodegradation of oil pollutants by naturally
occurring heterotrophic bacteria is controlled by environmental
conditions such as temperature and nutrient concentrations. For
example, in Lake Mendota biodegradation rates were optimal for only
one month of the year due to temperature limitation in spring and
fall and nutrient limitations in mid-summer. The inhibiting effects
of the presence of organic compounds, such as acetate and glucose, on
hydrocarbon degradation rates are also investigated.
C-1692-76
SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT PROCESSES IN RESOLVING HYDROCARBON POLLUTION
PROBLEMS
Zajic, J.E., and A.J. Daugulis. 1974.
Symposium-workshop on Impact of the Use of Microorganisms on the
Aquatic Environment, Pensacola Beach, Florida, 1974. Bourquin, Meyers,
and Ahearn (eds.). Corvallis, Oregon, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, 1975. p.169-182. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ecological Research Series, EPA—660/3-75-001.)
Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Pollution prevention, Toxicity
As naturally occurring hydrocarbon-oriented enrichment systems, bio-
degrading microorganisms are ubiquitous and present diverse enzymatic
capabilities. Any selective microbial hydrocarbon enrichment approach
must consider specific hydrocarbons for their toxicity, energy avail-
ablitity to microbes, and other constraints on microbial activity.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(1):#6Q702. 1976.]
177
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2. PHYSICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-1693-76
OIL SPREADING ON COASTAL WATERS
Kim, Y.C. 1974.
Coastal Engineering Conference, 14th, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1974.
Vol. III. p.2260-2267.
Spreading, Oil slicks, Coasts
The area of oil spreading was measured experimentally and the rela-
tionships between an oil slick spread area and wind, currents, waves
and certain mathematical parameters were investigated. It was found
that a small volume of oil spilled in shallow coastal waters spreads
more rapidly than in deep water, and that oil slick spreading due to
wind and waves seems to be more rapid than that due to waves and
currents.
C-1694-76
NUMERICAL MODEL OF DROPLET ENTRAPMENT FROM A CONTAINED OIL SLICK
Zalosh, R.G., and D.S. Jensen. 1975.
ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Houston, 1975. New York, ASME, 1975.
p.17-27.
Models, Oil slicks, Entrainment
A theoretical analysis of oil droplet entrainment from a contained
oil slick moving relative to water has been performed as a function
of relative oil-water velocity. The completed and measured critical
values for entrainment agree.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(3):#021221. 1976.]
178
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3. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-1695-76
SOME CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE FATE OF CRUDE OIL IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Burwood, R., and G.C. Speers. 1974.
Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1973. B. Tissor, and F. Bienner
(eds.). Paris, France, Editions Technip, 1974. p.1005-1027.
Dispersion, Weathering, Crude oil
Processes relating to the dispersion and weathering of crude oil in
the environment are discussed. Based on experimental simulation of
crude oil dissolution in seawater, a possible scheme for the trans-
formation of certain hydrocarbons by oxidation processes is suggested.
C-1696-76
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF OIL IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
Shelton, T.B., and J.V. Hunter. 1975.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 47(9):2256-2270.
Decomposition, Sediments, *Anaerobic conditions
"Research shows that under anaerobic conditions, there is a greater
loss of total organic carbon and oxycompounds (aldehydes, ketones,
carboxylic acids) than under aerobic conditions. Oils are more
readily lost than other organics."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 6(4):#HMS5971. 1976.]
179
-------
4. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
C-1697-76
HYDROCARBONS IN OPEN OCEAN WATERS
Brown, R.A. and H.L. Huffman, Jr. 1976.
Science 191 (4229):847-848.
Hydrocarbons, Evaporation, Biodegradation, Weathering, *Dissolution,
*0cean waters
Nonvolatile hydrocarbons appear to persist in open oceans to varying
degrees, the cycloparaffins and the isoparaffins being most persistent.
The aromatics appear to be selectively removed from ocean water.
Evaporation and dissolution may account for loss of some of the CIQ
and lighter aromatics. Other processes, such as chemical or biological
degradation and absorption by particulate matter, may be responsible
for removal of C]4 and heavier aromatics.
C-1698-76
OIL SPILL DRIFT FORECASTING MODEL
Cole, C.R., H.P. Foote, and J.R. Eliason. 1974.
Water-1974: I. Industrial Wastewater Treatment. G.F. Bennett (ed.).
New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1974. p.261-269.
(AICHE Symposium Series Vol.70, no.144.)
Models, Oil slicks, Drift, Movement, Dispersions
A mathematical forecasting model is developed which qualitatively
simulates the movement and spreading of oil slicks on the ocean
surface, and takes into consideration such parameters as permanent
ocean currents, tidal currents and winddrift. The model depicts the
general size, shape, movement, dispersion and breakup of an oil spill
and can be used to estimate the amount of oil and its time of arrival
at hypothetical or real shorelines.
C-1699-76
PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS IN THE MARINE FOOD WEB: SHORT-TERM EXPERIMENTS
ON THE FATE OF NAPHTHALENE IN CALANUS
Corner, E.D.S., R.P. Harris, C.C. Kilvington, and S.C.M. O'Hara. 1976,
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
56(1):121-133.
Hydrocarbons, Food web, Crustaceans, *Calanus helgolandicus Claus.
*Naphthalene, *Depuration
180
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Dietary route of entry of [1. -14c] naphthalene in adult female C_.
helgolandicus Glaus was shown to be more important quantitatively
than direct uptake from solution. After naphthalene had been accumu-
lated directly from solution in seawater, depuration was rapid; less
than 5% of the radioactivity could be detected after 10 days. By
contrast, at the end of this period a third of the naphthalene
remained in the animals when the hydrocarbon was taken up by way of
food. Over 90% of the radioactivity was present at the end of a
24-hour experiment in which Calanus were fed on the label led diets.
C-l700-76
LITERATURE REVIEW: MOVEMENT OF SPILLED OIL AT SEA
Fallah, M.H. and R.M. Stark. 1976.
Marine Technology Society Journal 10(1):3-18.
Movement, Oil spills, Bibliographies, Spreading, Cleanup, Decom-
position
This paper provides an overview of some of the important studies
dealing with the spreading, drift, diffusion and dissipation of
oil spilled on water. It is followed by comprehensive bibliographies
dealing with the detection, movement, containment, cleanup and degra-
dation of oil spills.
C-1701-76
RANDOM DRIFT OF AN IDEALIZED OIL PATCH
Fallah, M.H., and R.M. Stark. 1976.
Ocean Engineering 3(2):83-98.
Models, Oil slicks, Drift, Spreading
Spilled oil at first forms an oil slick which spreads radially under
the influence of inertial forces and is accompanied by partial evap-
oration, biodegradation, sinking or emulsification. As radial spreading
subsides, the oil forms a thin, fairly uniform floating mass called
an oil patch. This paper develops simple, stochastic models for
predicting the random drift of an idealized oil patch on water due
to wind and water currents.
C-l 702-76
THE FATE OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS AND THE SITING OF FOUR SUPERTANKER PORTS
Harrison, W. 1974.
Canadian Geographer 18(3):211-231.
181
-------
Environmental effects, Ports, Oil spills, Bahamas, Canada
An evaluation of the environmental vulnerability of a proposed oil
superport must include careful analysis and prediction of the trans-
port, spreading and weathering of possible crude oil spills. Analytical
techniques used in the evalution of four such sites in the Bahamas and
in northeastern Canada are reviewed.
[from Ecological Abstracts 75(5):#3247. 1976.]
C-l703-76
HYDROCARBONS
Higgins, I.J., and R.G. Burns. 1975.
The Chemistry and Microbiology of Pollution. London, Academic Press,
1975. p.111-139.
Hydrocarbons, Analytical techniques, Biodegradation, Weathering,
Biological effects, Environmental effects
This chapter is a comprehensive review of the petroleum hydrocarbons,
petrochemicals and other hydrocarbons. Included is a brief review
of their chemistry, analytical techniques, such as chromatography and
spectroscopy, and microbial and nonbiological degradation. Microbio-
logical aspects of the fate and behavior of petroleum hydrocarbons in
the environment and their effects on macroscopic marine and nonmarine
flora and fauna are also considered.
C-l704-76
BENZENE, ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION, AMBIENT LEVELS, AND
FATE
Howard, P.H., and P.R. Durkin. 1974.
Final Report, EPA-560/5-75-005, PB-244139/2, Contract EPA-68-01-2679.
73P-
Environmental effects, Oil spills, *Benzene
The report is a review of available information pertaining to contami-
nation of the environment by benzene. More than half of the benzene
released to the environment is from motor vehicle emissions; the
remainder is from commercial production and use and from oil spillage.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(6):#15675. 1976.]
182
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C-1705-76
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL ON LAND AND IN FRESH WATERS
Hubbard, E.H. 1975.
World Petroleum Conference, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Vol.6, p.289-296.
Oil spills, Inland, Toxicity, Biodegradation
Recent advances in understanding the behavior of oil spilled on soil
or inland waters are summarized. The fate of oil on still and flowing
waters, oil in groundwater, toxicity, and biodegradation of oil are
among the topics discussed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20):#219,579. 1976.]
C-1706-76
THE INFLUENCE OF COASTAL FRONTS ON THE MOVEMENT AND DISPERSION OF OIL
SLICKS
Klemas, V., G. Davis, and S. Kupferman. 1975.
NASA-CR-145581, Contract NAS5-20983. 2p.
Oil slicks, Movement, Estuaries, Coasts, Delaware Bay
Estuarine and coastal fronts are major hydrographic boundaries in
Delaware Bay and other estuaries. Surface oil slicks sampled at
frontal convergence zones near boundaries contain concentrations of
Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn which exceed average ocean levels by two
to four orders of magnitude.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(3):#42430. 1976.]
C-1707-76
FATE OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT
Lytle, J.S. 1973-1974.
Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences XIX(1973-1974):181.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Sediments
Experiments were conducted in which simulated petroleum pollutants,
spiked with C-14 labeled C-jg acid, alcohol and hydrocarbon, were
added to sediments from "clean" coastal bays in order to assess the
role of sedimentary processes and to investigate their interconversion.
Analysis of extracts removed from the simulated oxygenated sediments
showed decreased hydrocarbon/total lipid weight ratio and changed
hydrocarbon distribution when compared to the reducing sediments.
183
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C-1708-76
ICES PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS WORKSHOP
Mclntyre, A.D. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):19.
Monitoring, Environmental effects, Biological effects, ^Workshop
A workshop designed to review current knowledge of petroleum in the
marine environment and to promote discussion on current problems and
future research was held in Aberdeen from 9-12 September 1975,
sponsored by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
Thirty-two papers were presented dealing with methodology, occurrence
of oil in the physical environment and in the biota, the physical,
chemical and biological fate of oil in the sea, and effects on the
environment and marine living resources.
C-l709-76
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE LIFE: PROGRESS REPORT ON RESEARCH
SPONSORED BY THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Mertens, E.W., and A.H. Lasday. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no. OTC-
2449. Abstract.
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Marine organisms, Shorelines
An oil industry-sponsored, comprehensive program concerning the fate
and effects of oil in the marine environment reports the following
preliminary results: organisms release oil contaminants quickly after
exposure to an oil spill has ended, and thereby do not concentrate it
and pass it up the food chain. Also, the composition of oil changes
rapidly after spillage, and the most toxic, volatile aromatic hydro-
carbons evaporate rapidly. By this process, the relatively inert
residual hydrocarbons are left, which may or may not reach the biologi-
cally most sensitive intertidal shoreline zone.
C-1710-76
RECENT ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF OIL IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Mertens, E.W., and L.P. Haxby. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9tn, Tokyo, 1975. Vol.6, p.305-313.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Marine organisms
184
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Research results of a four-year American Petroleum Instutute program
on the fate and biological effects of oil spills in the marine environ-
ment are summarized. This research does not support the widespread
concern that marine organisms concentrate petroleum constituents
indefinitely and pass them up the food chain.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20):#219,578. 1976.]
C-1711-76
A COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNIQUE FOR OIL SPILLS OFF THE NEW JERSEY-
DELAWARE COASTLINE
Miller, M.C., J.C. Bacon, and I.M. Lissauer. 1975.
Final report, CGR/DC-24/75, USCG-D-171-75. 50p.
Models, Oil slicks, Movement, Atlantic coast, Delaware, New Jersey
Mathematical models were used to predict the movement of oil slicks
and their impact locations along the New Jersey-Del aware shorelines
for two potential deepwater ports and two potential drilling sites.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(4):#AD-A018 947/2GA. 1976.]
C-1712-76
OFFSHORE APPLICATIONS OF MODELLING TECHNIQUES. PART 3. CONCLUSIONS
AND APPLICATIONS TO THE NORTH SEA
Willums, J.O., and R.J. Stewart. 1976.
Northern Offshore 5(1):35-36, 38.
Models, Oil spills, North Sea, Contingency planning
Oil spill modelling helps to develop valid oil spill scenarios by
enabling predictions of spill drift directions and velocities. Oil
spill modelling can be an important environmental planning tool for
training, coordinating, and planning for disaster preparedness and
for predicting possible oil damage to an area.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):J218,663. 1976.]
C-1713-76
GENESIS AND DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
Yen, T.F. 1975.
Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environment. T.M. Church (ed.).
Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1975. p.231-266.
(ACS Symposium Series, 18.)
185
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Decomposition, Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons
"A review with 55 references on the genesis and degradation of petro-
leum, natural gas, asphalt and kerogen in marine environments."
[from Chemical Abstracts 84(16):#100070w. 1976.]
C-1714-76
COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES OF A FUEL OIL FROM AN OIL SPILL DUE TO NATURAL
EXPOSURE
Young, R.N., and A.J. Sethi. 1975.
Water, Air and Soil Pollution 5(2):195-206.
Decomposition, Oil spills, Fuel oil, Weathering, Soil
The study determined the compositional changes of spilled oil under-
going oxidation and physical weathering in soil (beach sand) over a
period of one year. It was found that about 3.5% of the oil was still
retained in the soil after the year period.
186
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F. OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
1. U.S. LEGISLATION
C-1715-76
LAW COURT RULINGS OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE IN 1974
Anon. 1975.
Shipping World and Shipbuilder 168(3901):55-56.
Legislation, Pollution prevention, *Litigation
The article briefly examines and reviews oil pollution litigations
of 1974 which involved interpretations of the Oil in Navigable
Waters Act as amended in 1963, and the Prevention of Oil Pollution
Act of 1971.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(1):#904. 1976.]
C-1716-76
QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR GROUNDWATER
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(3):226-227.
Groundwater, Contamination, Drilling, Water quality
A large portion of groundwater contamination can stem from oil and
gas operations, especially where secondary and tertiary oil recovery
is taking place. The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 provides a
statutory mandate for establishment of state programs for protection
of underground drinking water sources from subsurface injection and
other sources of contamination. The provisions of this Act and efforts
by industry and international organizations to ensure groundwater
quality are discussed.
C-1717-76
CONGRESS PONDERS BILL THAT WOULD RESHAPE THE OFFSHORE OIL INDUSTRY
Cozens, A. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):107-109.
U.S. Government, Legislation, Offshore development, OCS, Environmental
protection, Liability, Oil spills
Bills have been introduced in the House (HR-6218) and Senate (S-521)
which seek to change existing OCS petroleum lease regulations in
187
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order to increase government revenues, promote competition, maximize
resource development, and preserve the environment. Proposed environ-
mental stipulations include detailed environmental impact reports and
reviews, penalties for violation of safety regulations, and establish-
ment of an oil spill liability fund of up to $200 million for cleanup
and spill damage payments.
C-1718-76
ELEMENTS OF AN ADEQUATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE PETRO-
LEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND BULK ENERGY INDUSTRIES
Jimeson, R.M. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Vol. 6. p.223-228.
EIS, Industries, Petroleum industry
According to provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act,
environmental impact statements must be prepared before major federal
action is taken. The necessary scope and depth of such reports and
emerging policy trends relating to the petroleum and petrochemical
industry are discussed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20):#219,577. 1976.]
C-1719-76
LEGAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
Kuffler. December, 1975.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Spring Meeting, 1975.
Legislation, Oil discharges
Summary not available. (May be purchased fromSNAME, 74 Trinity
Place, New York, N.Y. 10006.)
[from Marine Technology 12(4):471. 1976.]
C-1720-76
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS
Lutz. October, 1974.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Pacific Northwest,
local section paper.
Regulations, Pollution prevention, Tankers, Oil transport
188
-------
Summary not available. (May be purchased from SNAME, 74 Trinity
Place, New York, N.Y. 10006.)
[from Marine Technology 12(4):471. 1976.]
C-1721-76
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT OF 1972. ECONOMIC IMPACTS, PETROLEUM
REFINING INDUSTRY
Smith, J.L., and R.A. Leone. 1975.
Final report, NCWQ-75/16, Contract WQ4AC013. 251 p.
Legislation, Petroleum industry, Refining, Economic effects
Of the 250 refineries operating in the U.S. and Puerto Rico as of
January 1, 1974, less than 1 percent is likely to be endangered by
the effluent limitations established by the EPA under the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act of 1972. Consumer demand for petroleum
products appears strong enough to absorb pollution abatement cost
increases for the remaining 99 percent.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(7):#PB-248 800/5GA. 1976.]
189
-------
2. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-1722-76
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(5) :61.
International agreements, Mediterranean Sea, Oil discharges, Oil
spills
Sixteen Mediterranean countries have worked out two protocols formally
established February 17, which prohibit the dumping of certain materials
and provide for international cooperation whenever a major environmental
threat such as an oil spill becomes known. The list of totally
prohibited materials to be dumped in the sea includes persistent plas-
tics, radioactive wastes, crude oil and petroleum-derived products.
The agreement provides for establishing an oil-combatting center in
Malta of which the main task will be to disseminate information about
major oil spills.
C-1723-76
MARINE POLLUTION: HIGH SEAS INTERVENTION
Anon. 1975.
Bulletin of Legal Developments No. 9:91. Summary.
International conventions, Oil spills, Liability
"The International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High
Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties, signed Nov. 29, 1969,
became effective May 6, 1975. The International Convention on Civil
Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, signed Nov. 29, 1969, will become
effective on June 19, 1975."
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(1):#973. 1976.]
C-1724-76
MARINE POLLUTION: SEABED ACTIVITIES
Anon. 1975.
Bulletin of Legal Developments No. 10:100. Summary.
International agreements, Liability, Oil spills, North Sea
190
-------
"Under the Offshore Pollution Liability Agreement, signed by 27 oil
companies Sept. 4, 1974, and in force May 1, 1975,£ L6.8 million
will be available for clearance and compensation costs for oil spills
from North Sea oil rigs."
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(1):#976. 1976.]
C-1725-76
THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS
Anon. 1974.
National Parks and Conservation Magazine 48(l):2-3.
International conventions, Oil discharges, Tankers, Load-on-top,
*Double bottoms
The shortcomings of the International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution from Ships, London, 1973, are discussed. Decisions made
concerning segregated ballast for ships did not include large ships
presently under contract and did not cover problems of oil discharges
for small vessels. The proposal regarding requirement of double
bottoms was rejected. The Convention requires all tankers to have
Load-on-top capability; nonetheless, it permits the intentional
discharge of oil at sea. The enforcement procedures established by
the Convention are very weak.
[from Environmental Periodicals Bibliography 4(3):#8536. 1976.]
C-1726-76
THE IMPACT OF THE 1973 IMCO CONVENTION ON THE MARITIME INDUSTRY
Benkert, W.M., and D.H. Williams. 1974.
Marine Technology 11(l):l-8.
International conventions, Oil transport, Pollution prevention, Oil
discharges, Tankers, Oil spills
This paper reviews some of the major provisions of the International
Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution, 1973, and considers
their impact on the shipbuilding and maritime transportation industries,
C-l727-76
IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF CONVENTIONS RELATING TO THE PREVEN-
TION OF MARINE POLLUTION FROM SHIPS
Khalimonov, O.N. 1975.
Petroleum and Environmental Conservation. International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 1975, p.183-197,
210-213.
191
-------
International conventions, Law enforcement, Tankers, Pollution preven-
tion, Monitoring, Oil discharges
The acceptance of conventions, including the International Convention
for the Prevention of Pollution of the Seas by Oil, and its amendments
of 1962, 1969, and 1971, by most of the world's oil tanker fleet is
reviewed. Technical problems relating to inspection, monitoring of
oil discharges, detection of violations, and enforcement are also con-
sidered.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(2):#76-01303. 1976.]
C-1728-76
THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Ramcharan, B.G. 1976.
Ocean Management 2(1975):315-322.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Oil discharges,
international Law Commission
This paper describes the work of the International Law Commission
concerning pollution of the high seas, pollution of international
watercourses, and international responsibility for environmental
hazards. One of The Commission's draft articles of 1956 on the Law
of the Sea, which concerns regulations to prevent pollution of the
seas by the discharge of oil and radioactive waste, is mentioned.
C-1729-76
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT: TREATIES AND RELATED
DOCUMENTS. VOL. 1
Ruesta, B., and B. Simma (eds.). 1975.
Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., Oceana Publications. 1975. 489p.
International Conventions, Environmental protection, Conservation
This publication presents extracts of international measures which
deal with the preservation and conservation of the natural environ-
ment. Included is the 1954 London International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, and its later amendments.
192
-------
C-1730-76
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS
(1973)
Walton, A. 1974.
Water-1974: I. Industrial Wastewater Treatment. G.F. Bennett (ed.).
New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1974. p.237-242.
(AICHE Symposium Series, Vol. 70, no. 144.)
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Ships, Tankers, Oil
discharges
The article briefly reviews and outlines the major provisions of the
1973 International Convention for the prevention of pollution from
ships. The provisions call for a number of specific regulations to
prevent or control the discharge of oil, oily wastes, and non-oily
noxious liquid substances into the marine environment.
193
-------
3. FOREIGN LEGISLATION
C-1731-76
ALBERTA MAY BE SAFEST DRILLING REGION WITH NEW BLOWOUT PREVENTER
REGULATIONS
Anon. 1976.
Oil Week 27(3):44,46,48.
Regulations, Blowout prevention, Drilling, Canada, *Alberta
New blowout prevention regulations, which will enforce the use of
more reliable equipment developed in recent years, are designed to
reduce to the lowest practical minimum the number of blowouts and
associated waste of energy and environmental damage.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(16):#218,476. 1976.]
C-1732-76
LEGAL CONTROLS AND LEGISLATION
Wisdom, A.S. 1975.
Pollution Criteria for Estuaries, Proceedings of the Conference held
at the University of Southampton, 1973. P.R. Helliwell and J. Bossanyi
(eds.). London, Pentech Press, 1975. p.2.1-2.13.
Legislation, Great Britain, Oil discharges, Estuaries, Tankers, Bilges
The legislation and administrative measures relating to the following
forms of estuarial pollution are discussed: polluted river waters
entering the estuary, sewage and industrial effluents, crude sewage,
bilge contents etc. from vessels, dumping of waste materials offshore,
discharge of sludge through pipelines,oil from tankers, offshore
installations, and toxic substances drifting ashore from wrecks.
194
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4. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
C-1733-76
CONTROLLING OIL SPILLS-THE BENEFITS OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN INDUSTRY,
SCIENTISTS AND PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
Bauer, M. 1975.
World Petroleum Congress, 9th, Tokyo, 1975. Vol.6:325-331.
Guidelines, Germany, West, Pollution prevention, Regulations, Personnel
training, Design and engineering
The paper summarizes the efforts of the German federal government to
establish guidelines in preventing oil pollution, and to promote and
coordinate research efforts by various industrial, scientific and
administrative groups. Subjects of concern include technical regula-
tions, personnel training, equipment design, and reporting and analysis
techniques.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(20):#219,581. 1976.]
C-1734-76
EUROPEAN MODEL CODE OF SAFE PRACTICE FOR THE PREVENTION OF GROUND AND
SURFACE WATER POLLUTION BY OIL FROM STORAGE TANKS AND DURING THE
TRANSPORT OF OIL
European Petroleum Organisations. 1974.
London, England, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., 1974. viii + 24p.
Guidelines, Pollution prevention, Groundwater, Oil transport, Storage,
Europe
This is one of a series of codes designed to achieve closer European
cooperation in prevention of ground and surface water pollution by
oil. The code contains guidelines for preventing spills and pollution
from above ground and buried storage tanks, connector pipes and fittings.
The guidelines also cover the transfer, transport and delivery of oil
on land and water.
C-1735-76
COASTAL ZONE POLLUTION BY OIL AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS: GUIDELINES FOR
POLICY, ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING IN TROPICAL REGIONS. BASED UPON A CASE
STUDY IN INDONESIA, IN 1973
Freeman, P.H. 1974.
Contract AID/csd-2608. 144p.
Guidelines, Pollution prevention, Coasts, Indonesia, Bibliographies,
*Tropical Regions
195
-------
The report provides guidelines useful to tropical nations for the
prevention and control of coastal pollution by oil and other contami-
nants. Included is an Annotated Bibliography on the Biological and
Ecological Effects of Oil Pollution in Tropical Waters.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(4):#PB-247 433/6GA. 1976.]
C-1736-76
PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
National Petroleum Council. 1975.
Natural Resources Lawyer 8(3):511-543.
Environmental effects, Oil spills, Cleanup, International conventions,
Environmental protection, *Safety standards
Sources and kinds of marine pollution and oil spill containment and
cleanup are discussed. The environmental impact of petroleum in the
oceans is assessed. The National Petroleum Council recommends that
the Law of the Sea Convention should designate IMCO as the international
forum where governments should establish safety and pollution standards
for vessels and all petroleum and other commercial facilities operating
in the marine environments.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(4):#76-02772. 1976.]
C-1737-76
PUBLISHED REGULATORY GUIDELINES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN TO THE OIL
INDUSTRY IN WESTERN EUROPE
Stichting CONCAWE. 1976.
The Hague, Stichting CONCAWE, Report No. 1/76. 35p.
Petroleum industry, Regulations, Pipelines, Wastewater treatment, Europe
This revised report gives details of relevant environmental regulations
of fuel-oil sulfur content, gasoline engine emissions, noise control,
oil pipelines, and wastewater effluents.
[from The Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(2):39. 1976.]
196
-------
G. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-1738-76
BIODETERIORATION OF OIL SPILLS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)
Harrison, E.A. 1976.
NTIS/PS-76/0032/3GA.104p.
Biodegradation, Decomposition, Oil spills, Cleanup
This updated bibliography of 99 abstracts (including 18 new entries)
presents government-sponsored research on petroleum-degradation, oil
spills, cleanup operations, microbial degradation, and hydrocarbons.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(6):45. 1976.]
C-1739-76
THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL SPILLS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)
Harrison, E.A. 1976.
NTIS/PS-76/0033/1GA. 104p.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Environmental effects
This updated bibliography of 142 abstracts (including 35 new entries)
summarizes government-sponsored research covering all aspects of the
ecological and biological effects of oil spills in water.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(6):45. 1976.]
197
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SECTION II: CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
Title, contract information and a summary of project objectives are provided
in each entry. Project notices were obtained from the Smithsonian Science
Information Exchange (SSIE), Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts,
Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter, and Environmental Research, American
Petroleum Institute Annual Status Report. Current status information and
publications resulting from the projects are presented when such information
is available from the principal investigators or performing organizations.
The source of status information is given at the end of each entry.
Entries are grouped according to subject and then ordered by serial number
within each subject division. The serial number designates the original
issue of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS in which the research project
is listed:
R-001-74 to R-165-74 EPA-670/2-75-003
July to October 74
R-166-74 to R-244-74 EPA-670/2-75-004
November 74 to February 75
R-245-74 to R-268-74 EPA-670/2-75-059
February 75 to April 75
R-269-74 to R-342-74 May 75 to July 75
R-269-74 to R-304-75 August 75 to October 75
R-035-76 to R-063-76 February 76 to April 76
R-064-76 to R-123-76 May 76 to July 76
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
R-064-76
COMPUTERIZE INFORMATION ON WORLD-WIDE OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Whitman, J.
Performing Organization: Smithisonian Institute, 900 Jefferson
Dr., S.W., Washington, D.C. 20560
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development
Period: 5/75 to 11/76 Funds: $1,064
198
-------
The project involved developing a computerized data base system that
could contain selected characteristics of spills of oil and other
hazardous substances. Fifty-seven oil spills occurring in 32 areas
of the world from 1962 to 1975 were selected to develop the data
base. Spill characteristics include name, date, time, location of
occurrence, type and amount of substance spilled, source and cause,
cleanup characteristics, and vessel information.
[SSIE No. GMA-2331]
Status: The Spill Directory is being updated and expanded under
contract with the Environmental Protection Agency. This project is
due for completion by November, 1976; however, documentation on
spills is expected to continue indefinitely.
The spill project includes developing an international network of
scientists and other professionals interested in exchanging current
research reports on the environmental, economic, social and cleanup
aspects of spills taking place in the world. The network.called
Interspill, will be coordinated through Strategic Environmental Plan-
ning. Composite summaries of spill research on selected spills will
be printed for dissemination to all participants. Periodic summary
research reports on particular spills, which will be available at a
cost to interested parties, will be prepared.
Spill information collected in the Spill Directory is computerized
in an "electronic file cabinet system." Information is stored in
testual or narrative form. The computerized system is being developed
to allow on-line interaction with the file and will be capable of
responding to particular inquiries about spill characteristics, spill
research results, and personnel involved in studying the various
aspects of spill impacts and management around the world.
Information Source: J. Whitman, Director, Strategic Environmental
Planning, P.O. Box 162, Concord, MA 10742
199
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2. MONITORING
R-065-76
BASELINE AND MONITORING OF ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO
Principal Investigator: Lytle, J.S.
Performing Organization: Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, P.O. Drawer
AG, Ocean Springs, MS 39564
Supporting Agency: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Manage-
ment
Period: Unknown
Summary not available.
[American Society for Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter
Reports and Publications
FATE AND EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON AN ESTUARINE POND
Lytle, J.S. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p.595-600.
Both short and long term effects of crude oil were observed on
salt marsh plants, fish populations, and zooplankton. Oil migrated
42 cm beneath the sediment surrace, carried both by benthic organ-
isms and tidal percolations. Sediment analyses indicates slow
degradation of the crude oil.
FATE OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT
Lytle, J.S. 1973-1975.
Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences XIX(1973-1974)-
181.
Experiments were conducted in which simulated petroleum pollutants
spiked with C-14 labeled Cis acid, alcohol and hydrocarbon were
added to sediments from "clean" coastal bays in order to assess
the role of sedimentary processes and to investigate their inter-
conversion. Analysis of extracts from the simulated oxygenated
sediments showed decreased hydrocarbon/total lipid weight ratio
and changed hydrocarbon distribution when compared to the reducing
sediments.
Information Source: J.S. Lytle, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, P.O.
Drawer AG, Ocean Springs, MS 39564
200
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3. REMOTE SENSING
R-066-76
FLIGHT TEST EVALUATION OF SCARE R217A RADAR
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy,Air Systems Command, Washington,
D.C. 20360
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $107,000
"Detection of moving targets, the production of high resolution ground
map and to demonstrate detection sensitivity for the Navy as well as
oil spills and the detection of small boats for the Coast Guard's
pollution control and search and rescue missions."
[SSIE No. GZ-56000]
R-067-76
MULTI-SPECTRAL ACTIVE PASSIVE SCANNER (MAPS) OIL SPILL SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Baird Atomic, Inc., 125 Middlesex Turnpike,
Bedford, MA 01730
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds:, $59,119
Research is aimed at optimizing MAPS for oil spill detection and
measuring harbor and oil parameters to providea data base for design
of a low-cost harbor monitor.
[SSIE No. GZ-58127]
Status: Baird-Atomic has completed the current phase of the project.
The company is continuing a low level internally funded study of ad-
vanced techniques for oil surveillance.
Reports and Publications
OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF A FLUORESCENCE OIL SPILL DETECTOR.
VOLUME 2. PROTOTYPE DESIGN
Eldering, H.G., and W.A. Webb. 1975.
Final report, No. 5/75-62633-Vol-2, USCG-D-109-75, Contract DOT-
CG-43845. 30p.
The operational and technical requirements of a low cost harbor
surveillance unit are discussed. Consideration of coverage during
201
-------
the design of a Scanning Oil Spill Detector resulted in a design
containing both azimuth and elevation scanning. This design costs
less than the addition of units to provide the increased coverage.
OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF A FLUORESCENCE OIL SPILL DETECTOR.
VOLUME 1. LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS AND FIELD EVALUATION
Webb, W.A.. and H.G. Eldering. 1975.
Final report, No. 5/75-6233-Vol-l, USCG-D-108-75, Contract DOT-
CG-43845-A. 108p.
The objective of this research was to maximize the detection range
of an automatic fluorescence oil spill detector and to evaluate its
capabilities. The fluorescence spectral distributions and intensi-
ties of 22 oils were compared. On the basis of measurements in
two spectral regions, oil fluorescence can be consistently discrimi-
nated from marine fluorescence.
Information Source: H.G. Eldering, Baird-Atomic, Inc., 125 Middlesex
Turnpike, Bedford, MA 01730
202
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4. ANALYSIS
R-028-74
EXAMINATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL TYPES AND SOURCES
OF OILS AND PRODUCTS BY VARIOUS TYPES OF INSTRUMENTATION
Principal Investigator: Kawahara, F.K.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
All types of oils and oil products will be examined by various methods
to determine chemical and physical properties in order to find useful
oil identification techniques.
[SSIE No. AO-18091-2]
Status: The project has been completed.
Reports and Publications
SYSTEMS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM POLLUTANTS
Kawahara, F.K., and Y.Y. Yang. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(4):651-655.
Infrared spectrophotometric analysis with discriminant analysis
was used to correctly characterize and identify 99% of several
known and unknown petroleum samples. Unknown samples included
weathered crude oils, heavy residual fuel oils, and asphalts.
The same techniques are applicable to source identification of
oil spills.
TRACE ORGANIC COMPONENTS AS FINGERPRINTS IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC
IDENTIFICATION OF SPILLED ASPHALTS
Kawahara, F.K. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(7).
Weak acids, mercaptans, and phenols are shown to be effective in
fingerprinting heavy petroleum oils by capture detection-gas
chromatography. Infrared and carbon-hydrogen analyses were also
employed to verify the source of the asphalt.
Information Source: F.K. Kawahara, Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH 45268
203
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R-281-74 (renewal)
RESEARCH IN CHROMATOGRAPHY
Principal Investigators: Chesler, S.N., H.S. Hertz, B.H. Gump, and
W.E. May
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau
of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of
Standards
Period: 7/75 to 6/76 Funds: $226,000
This contract provides for the development of chromatographic separation
and analysis techniques for the quantative determination of trace levels
of petroleum hydrocarbons, especially aromatic hydrocarbons. Analytical
values for existing levels of crude oil pollution in the marine environ-
ment are also being established.
[SSIE No. ZBA-7006]
Status: Mass spectrometric identifications of hydrocarbons in samples
from polluted sites have been made. Quantitative analysis of collected
water and sediment samples has been completed and methods of tissue
analysis are being developed. The "headspace sampling/coupled-column"
technique for analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons has been applied in a
quality assurance program relative to an oil spill in the Straits of
Magellan.
Reports and Publications
TRACE HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS: THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND/NORTHEASTERN GULF OF ALASKA BASELINE STUDY
Chesler, S.N., B.H. Gump, H.S. Hertz, W.E. May, S.M. Dyszel, and
D.P. Enagonio. 1976.
National Bureau of Standards Technical Note, NBS TN-889, 66p.
The analytical,method developed involves dynamic headspace sampling
for volatile hydrocarbon components of the sample, followed by
coupled-column liquid chromatography for the non-volatile components.
Results of the application of this technique are presented and
discussed.
DROP SAMPLER FOR OBTAINING FRESH AND SEA WATER SAMPLES FOR ORGANIC
COMPOUND ANALYSIS
Gump, B.H., H.S. Hertz, W.E. May, S.N. Chesler, S.M. Dyszel, and
D.P. Enagonio. 1975.
Analytical Chemistry 47(7):1223-1224.
A water sampling device that permits the analyst to obtain shallow
and deeper water samples that are free from contamination by compounds
204
-------
on the surface is necessary, A water sampler is described which
was designed to meet criteria proposed for the Integrated Global
Ocean Station System.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS AND
SEAWATER
May, W.E., S.N. Chesler, S.P. Cram, B.H. Gump, H.S. Hertz, D.P.
Enagonio, and S.M. Dyszel. 1975.
Journal of Chromatographic Science 13:535-540.
The analytical method developed involves dynamic headspace sampling
for volatile hydrocarbon components of the sample, followed by
coupled-column liquid chromatography for the non-volatile components.
Results of the application of this method to the analysis of samples
from sites of known level hydrocarbon contamination are presented
and discussed.
Information Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
R-273-75
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR POLYNUCLEAR AROMATICS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Exxon Research and Engineering Company
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 207-75
Period: Unknown
The object of this research is to examine the gas chromatographic-
ultraviolet technique used in the Exxon Research and Engineering
Laboratories for the determination of polynuclear aromatics at low
levels in oils and in marine animal tissues.
Status: Work in 1974 resulted in the development of an analytical
method applicable to the determination of low concentrations of specific
PNA's in petroleum oils and animal tissues. Using this method, it is
now possible to obtain data at the part-per-billion level on several
PNA's in tissues of marine animals. Data are presently being collected
on clams, oysters, crabs, flounder and other animals. Comparable samples
are being obtained from pollution-free areas and from areas of known
contamination when possible. Reports have been published in the open
literature (ACS Petroleum Division).
Information Source: Environmental Research, Annual Status Report.
API Publication No. 4275. February, 1976.
205
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R-274-75 (renewal)
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, IN-HOUSE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: API member company laboratories
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 204-75
Period: Unknown
Ongoing analytical studies are being carried out in API member company
laboratories. The principal work performed in 1974 was by Exxon
Research and Engineering Company in which four API reference oils
being used in laboratory biological studies were characterized by
mass spectrometric analysis.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976 ]
R-042-76
EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF
Principal Investigators: Bennett, E.R., and K.D. Linstedt
Performing Organization: University of Colorado, School of Engineering,
1200 University Ave., Boulder, CO 80302
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Water
Research and Technology, No. A-028-COLO
Period: 7/75 to 6/78
The characteristics and effects of stormwater drainage will be investi-
gated. Stream areas with different types of development will be analyzed
for flow, total and volatile solids, suspended matter, oily compounds,
BOD, COD, nitrogen compounds, hardness, phosphorus, pH and temperature,
sodium and chloride and heavy metals. Potential methods of pollution
control for these discharges will be evaluated.
[SSIE No. GUY-358]
Status: No publications are available at the present time.
Information Source: E.R. Bennett, University of Colorado, Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering,
Boulder, CO 80309
R-068-76
DEVELOPMENT OF AN X-RAY PHOTOGRAPHIC BENTHIC (BOTTOM) BASELINE METHOD
Principal Investigator: Howard, J.D.
Performing Organization: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 211-75
Period: Unknown (in progress)
206
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The contract provides for the development of a semi-quantitative method
for the rapid determination of the abundance of burrowing organisms in
soft sediment, using an x-ray technique. Field work was performed
during May-July, 1975,at the general site of the 1969 oil spill at
West Falmouth, Massachusetts. X-ray analyses indicate no effect of
the spill on the physical or biogenic sedimentary structure record.
Zoological study results have not yet been received. A final report
was scheduled to be submitted by spring, 1976.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
R-069-76
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS
Principal Investigator: Warner, J.S.
Performing Organization: Battelle Columbus Laboratories, 505 King Ave.,
Columbus OH 43201
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 212-75
Period: Unknown
The objective of this project is to continue to develop and validate
methods for determining petroleum components in water, sediments, and
marine animal tissues. Battelle is developing a new technique which
uses a microreticular resin (TENAX) to trap hydrocarbons and other
volatile organics, but reject water from the vapor phase. The hydro-
carbons will be determined by gas chromatography.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report, API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
R-070-76
MARINE CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Principal Investigators: Wasik, S.P., and F.P. Schwarz
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau
of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of
Standards, No. 3163136; Environmental Protection
Agency
Period: 7/75 to 6/76 Funds: Multiple support, $150,000
The objective of this project is to study the dissipation and biological
utilization of pollutants in the marine environment. An electrolytic
stripping technique has been developed for separating trace quantities
of hydrocarbons from a seawater extract.
207
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Status: Studies on the development of liquid crystal columns for
hydrocarbon separation and analysis are continuing. Pilot studies
have demonstrated that the electrolytic stripping technique provides
a valable tool for the concentration of heavy hydrocarbon contami-
nants without need for introducing an extraction solvent, with its
own trace contaminants, into the system. A study of the fluorescence
spectra of molecules containing from one to five benzene rings in
aqueous solution in concentrations ranging from saturation down to
0.1 ppb has been conducted, and a manuscript presenting the results of
this study has been prepared.
Reports and Publications
DETERMINATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN SEA WATER USING AN ELECTROLYTIC
STRIPPING CELL
Wasik, S.P. 1974.
Journal of Chromatographic Science 12:845.
[SSIE No. ZBA-7040]
208
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B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
R-071-76
DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF NEW CONCEPTS TO CONTROL FLOATING OIL
IN CURRENTS IN EXCESS OF 2.5 KNOTS (HIGH CURRENT BOOM DEVELOPMENT)
Principal Investigator: Ayers, R.R.
Performing Organization: Shell Development Company, Transportation
Research and Engineering Department, P.O.
Box 1280, Houston, TX 77001
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oil and
Hazardous Materials Spills Branch, No.68-03-0331
Period: Unknown (completed).
A boom capable of diverting oil spills toward shore in a 5.5 km/hr river
or tidal current has been developed. The boom is made up of 2.5 m
long, rigid sections similar in plan view to a floating dock module.
Loss of No. 2 and No. 4 fuel oil at a velocity of 5.5 km/hr is less
than 15% when the angle of the boom is 45 degrees to the shoreline.
In contrast, conventional booms lose this amount at only 1.8 km/hr.
Reports and Publications
HIGH CURRENT CONTROL OF FLOATING OIL
Dorrler, J.S., R. Ayers, and D.C. Wooten. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San Francisco,
1975.
The Environmental Protection Agency awarded contracts to Ultrasysterns
Inc., Newport Beach, to design and develop a streamlined boom utiliz-
ing hydrofoil concepts for oil spill containment and to Shell
Development Company, Houston, to develop a boom profile utilizing a
perforated incline plate as a baffle upstream of a flow barrier.
An analysis of the present oil containment problem is presented and
a description of the progress made in developing each of the boom
types is given.
A RIGID PERFORATED PLATE OIL BOOM FOR HIGH CURRENTS
Shell Development Company. 1976.
Final Report to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract
No. 68-03-0331.
Summary not available.
Information Source: E.A. Milz, Manager, Shell Development Company
P.O. Box 1380, Houston, TX 77001
209
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R-072-76
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL/DEVELOP OIL CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency: U.S.
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Unknown
Johns Manville Products Corporation, P.O.
Box 159, Manville, NJ 08835
Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Research aims are to develop a prototype lightweight oil containment
system by constructing a barrier and to conduct field tests to evaluate
its effectiveness.
[SSIE No. GZ-38337-3]
210
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-073-76
FAST CURRENT OIL RESPONSE SYSTEM. PHASE II (ZERO-RELATIVE-VELOCITY
(ZRV) BELT SKIMMER DEVELOPMENT)
Principal Investigator: Ayers, R.R.
Performing Organization: Shell Development Company, Transportation
Research and Engineering Department, P.O.
Box 1380, Houston, TX 77001
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: Unknown (in progress)
The contract provides for a further development program on Shell's
ZRV sorbent belt skimming concept. Specific tasks include mathematical
modeling, design and fabrication of a full-scale mockup of a belt and
wringer/drive assembly, small-scale model tests of the vessel design
in waves, oil collection performance and belt life test, final mock-
up tests (at EPA's OHMSETT), and preliminary design of the prototype
skimmer.
Status: The belt and wringer/drive mechanism has been built and
tested in still water. The maximum recovery rate achieved is 3331/min.
per 30 cm of belt width at a velocity of llkm/hr- Design improvements
in progress should increase the recovery rate, even at higher velo-
cities. Final tests of the improved design will be conducted at the
EPA OHMSETT test tank in July, 1976. Phase II of the Final Report
will be due September, 1976.
Reports and Publications
SYSTEM MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF TWO FAST CURRENT OIL REMOVAL SYSTEMS
Ard, R.W., R.R. Ayers, and R. Beach. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper no.
OTC-2691.
For summary see C-l368-76. p.51.
A ZERO RELATIVE-VELOCITY BELT SKIMMER (PHASE I)
Ayers, R.R. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-116-75. 250p.
A new approach to high speed oil recovery incorporates the concept
of zero relative velocity between a moving belt and the oil layer.
211
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A sorbent belt made of Astroturf and Fueltron felt floats like a
blanket on the water and absorbs oil. The belt is then withdrawn
and the oil squeezed out. Full scale simulations indicate that
further development is warranted.
Information Source: E.A. Milz, Manager, Shell Development Company,
P.O. Box 1380, Houston, TX 77001
R-074-76
A RESEARCH PROGRAM TO PROVIDE AN OIL SPILL SWEEP SKIMMER KIT FOR
EMERGENCY USE ON VESSELS OF CONVENIENCE IN AND NEAR THE GULF OF ALASKA
(SPILLED OIL CONTAINMENT KIT (SOCK) SKIMMER DEVELOPMENT)
Principal Investigator: Ayers, R.R.
Performing Organization: Shell Development Company, Transportation
Research and Engineering Department, P.O.
Box 1380, Houston, TX 77001
Supporting Agency: The Gulf of Alaska Clean-up Cooperative (GOACC),
Anchorage, AK
Period: Unknown (in progress)
The program includes design, fabrication and testing necessary to
produce a full-scale sweep skimmer for emergency use in the Gulf of
Alaska. The result of this project is a Spilled Oil Containment Kit,
with oil containment and removal equipment to be deployed on either
side of a vessel of convenience, making the vessel an emergency sweep
skimmer.
Status: Based on model tests to date the skimmer performance is
expected to approach that of the state-of-the-art special purpose
sweep skimmers. The major advantage of this kit will be a low capital
outlay since no special purpose vessel must be built. Prototype tank
tests with oil (September, 1976) and field tests of handling and
durability (October, 1976) will conclude the project. The final
report is due December, 1976.
Reports and Publications
SOCK-ANOIL SKIMMING KIT FOR VESSELS OF CONVENIENCE
Ayers, R.R., G.E. Walker, and A.V. Barnett.
To be presented at the 1977 Oil Spill Conference, March, 1977.
Information Source: E.A. Milz, Manager, Shell Development Company,
P.O. Box 1380, Houston, TX 77001
212
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R-075-76
CONDUCT TEST IN AN OIL/ICE/WATER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT TEST FACILITY
ON OIL RECOVERY DEVICES
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Arctec Inc., Suite 225, Wilde Lake, Village
Green, Columbia, MD 21045
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period; 1/75 to 6/75 (est)
The performing agency will 1) prepare for testing the facilities and
devices for Phase 1; 2) assemble and checkout the instrumentation
required to obtain data on oil/water recovery rate, oil recovery rate,
recovery efficiency, throughput efficiency, oil characteristics,
characteristics of recovered mixture and ice thickness, percent
coverage and volume of oil absorbed into ice; 3) prepare a detailed
test plant; and 4) conduct tests.
[MRIS Abstracts 12:#058308. 1975]
R-076-76
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RESPONSE TECHNIQUES FOR SPILLS OF HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS THAT FLOAT ON WATER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: MSA Research Corporation, Evans City, PA
16033
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The program will determine the feasibility of using vaporization rate
reduction, vapor concentration reduction, and vapor flammability
reduction techniques for cleanup of spills of hazardous chemicals
that float on water.
[SSIE No. GZ-58551]
R-077-76
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL OF CRUDE OIL SPILLED
UNDER ARCTIC ICE-SHORELINE PROTECTION AND CLEAN-UP
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Montreal Engineering Company, Ltd., Montreal,
Quebec, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada Department of the Environment, No. OSS4-0224
Period: 7/75 to 6/76 Funds: $40,390
213
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The study deals with methods and techniques of penetration of ice,
recovery, transferral, separation and disposal of crude oil spilled
under Arctic ice, containment, shoreline protection and cleanup.
[SSIE No. WDB-26]
R-078-76
OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM, CLEAN SWEEP MODEL R2003
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., Santa Clara,
CA 94088
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $21,153
No summary provided to SSIE.
[SSIE No. 6Z-55993]
R-079-76
STUDY ENTRAPMENT AND EMULSIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL IN ARCTIC SEA ICE
INCLUDING RECOVERY AND REMOVAL OF BALAENA BAY (ABBREV)
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Norcor Engineering & Research Ltd.,
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada Department of the Environment, No. OSV4-0043
Period: 7/75 to 6/76 Funds: $54,070
No summary provided to SSIE.
[SSIE no. WDB-17]
214
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3. RESTORATION
R-279-75 (renewal)
OILED-WATERFOWL REHABILITATION GRANT
Principal Investigator: Stanton, P.B.
Performing Organization: Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Upton, MA
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. OS-12A
Period: Unknown
The program will perform research, consulting, and informational
functions relating to the cleaning and rehabilitation of oiled birds.
Status: The grantee has compiled information on new compounds and
techniques for cleaning and rehabilitating oiled birds, distributed
copies of "Operation Rescue-Cleaning and Care of Oiled Waterfowl"
and its associated bibliography, assisted in updating these publica-
tions, and acted as a consultant to industry and public and private
organizations in establishing emergency reception, cleaning, and
rehabilitation centers for oiled birds. In late 1975, Mr. Stanton's
work included direction of cleanup operations following the "Corinthos"
spill.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
R-080-76
SHORELINE PROTECTION AND RESTORATION
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Suite 700, Two
Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 305-75; Environ-
mental Protection Agency
Period: Spring/76 to ?
The project is concerned with the evaluation through "real world"
testing of selected surface treatment agents for the protection and
restoration of shoreline and salt marsh areas.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
215
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4. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
R-308-74 (renewal)
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL TRANSFER AND UPSTREAM REFINERIES ON DELAWARE BAY
Principal Investigator: Biggs, R.B.
Performing Organization: University of Delaware, School of Marine
Sciences, Lewes, DE 19958
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of
Environmental Sciences, No. ENV76-01193
Period: 9/75 to 12/75 Funds: $25,600
Lower Delaware Bay is the site of extensive transfer of crude oil
from large tankers to small vessels; the threat a of massive oil spill
continually exists. The objectives of this research are to develop
a computer model which predicts the two-dimensional movement of an
oil spill in Delaware Bay as a function of space and time, and to
generate biological baseline data for Delaware Bay, in particular
those areas most likely to be affected by an oil spill.
[SSIE No. GSV-7241]
R-081-76
POLLUTION PREVENTION FROM TANKSHIPS THROUGH DESIGN
Principal Investigator: Maniar, N.
Performing Organization: M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc., 350 Broadway,
New York, NY 10013
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
"Assemble facts, data and information to support regulatory action
to reduce the probability of pollution incidents caused by tankers
(ships and barges)."
[SSIE No. GZ-7389]
R-082-76
ARRANGEMENT AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF A CLEAN BALLAST CRUDE CARRIER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: City of Newport News, Newport News, VA 20230
Supporting Agency: Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration
Period: 6/75 to 12/75 (proposed)
The project will evaluate the economic impact of providing permanent
clean ballast and light ship draft requirements through alternative
216
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design configurations for a VLCC, in accordance with IMCO's Annex I of
the International Convention for Prevention of Pollution by Ships.
[MRIS Abstracts 12:#098267. 1975]
R-083-76
POLLUTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION-MERCHANT SHIPS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Exxon International Inc., 1251 Ave. of the
Americas, New York, NY 10020
Supporting Agency: Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration
Period: 10/74 to 12/75 (est.)
Review washing crude oil cargo tanks and continue ocean sampling to
assess background oil content.
[MRIS Abstracts 12:098271. 1975]
217
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5. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
R-084-76
COMBINED EFFECTS OF WAVES AND CURRENT ON PERFORMANCE OF OIL SLICK
BARRIERS-OIL POLLUTION
Principal Investigator: Bently, F.
Performing Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Division of Sponsored Research, Cambridge,
MA 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Project goals include refining the barrier design, developing methods
to evaluate barrier performance, and determining combined effect of
waves and currents on the barrier.
[SSIE No. GZ-12116]
R-085-76
DESIGN AND FABRICATE OILY WATER SEPARATOR FOR USE AS A SUBSYSTEM OF AN
OIL SPILL REMOVAL DEVICE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Foster Miller Associates, Inc., 135 2nd Ave.,
Waltham, MA 02154
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The separator will undergo various tests in order to identify problems
resulting from the fabrication or assembly, evaluate the separation
performance of the system, and evaluate and refine the automatic
control features.
[SSIE No. GZ-58648]
R-086-76
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN OPTICAL MULTICHANNEL SPECTRAL ANALYZER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Charles Stark Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of the
Secretary
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
218
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The objective of this research is to develop an electro-optical multi-
channel spectral analyzer to be used as the receiver and signal processor
in the Oil Spill Surveillance System.
[SSIE No. GZ-45770]
R-087-76
OIL RECOVERY MODULE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Marine Construction & Design Co., Seattle, WA
98199
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $21,853
"Includes engineering service on an as required basis for consulting
in conjunction with Coast Guard testing program."
[SSIE No. GZ-58249]
219
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6. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
R-146-74 (renewal)
FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR OIL WATER SEPARATION (COALESCING PLATES AND PACKS
CONCEPT)
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: General Electric Co., 3198 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The feasibility of a unique concept for oil-water separation for use
in various shipboard applications will be evaluated.
[SSIE No. GZ-38159]
R-156-74 (renewal)
FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ULTRAFILTRATION CONCEPT FOR OIL WATER SEPARATION
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Abcor Inc., 341 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The contractors will evaluate the feasibility of unique concepts for
oil water separation for ultimate use in various shipboard applications.
ESSIE No. GZF-38-2]
R-088-76
EVALUATION OF OILS AND EXTRACTION PLANT TAILINGS POND WASTEWATER
Principal Investigator: Hodgson, G.W.
Performing Organization: University of Calgary, Environmental Science
Center, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada Department of the Environment, No. OSS5-0355
Period: 7/75 to 6/76 Funds: $51,565
No summary provided to SSIE.
[SSIE No. WDB-16]
Status: The project is expected to continue.
220
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Reports and Publications
SUBSURFACE BIOPHYSIOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SPILLED CRUDE OIL
Duffy, J.J., E. Peake, and M.F. Mohtadi. 1976.
The Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water Spills on Land,
Banff, 1975. 48p.
WATER SOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DETECTION
Peake, E., M.T. Strosher, M. Strosher, and G.W. Hodgson. 1976.
The Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water Spills on Land,
Banff, 1975. 45p.
OIL AND GREASE ANALYSES OF DRILLING MUDS. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE
RELIABILITY AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS OF STANDARD WATER QUALITY
ANALYSIS METHODS AS THEY APPLY TO THE DRILLING MUDS
Strosher, M., and J. Bogner. 1975.
Report to the Water Pollution Control Section, Environmental
Protection Service. 16p.
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN LAKE WATER AND ASSOCIATED
SEDIMENTS: ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Strosher, M.T., and G.W. Hodgson. 1975.
American Society for Testing and Materials,
Water Quality Parameters, ASTM STP 573. p.259-270.
DRILLING MUD AND SUMP FLUID ANALYSES. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE
RELIABILITY AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS OF STANDARD WATER QUALITY
ANALYSIS METHODS AS THEY APPLY TO THE DRILLING FLUIDS
Strosher, M., D. Kosmak, and J. Bogner. 1974.
Environmental Sciences Centre (Kananaskis), University of Calgary.
Report to the Working Group A of the Industry/ Government Research
Program on Drilling Fluid Wastesunder Project No. PDS/B/01. 21p.
Information Source: C. Jackson, Environmental Sciences Centre, The
University of Calgary, 2920 24 Ave., N.W., Calgary,
Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
221
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R-089-76
REFINERY EFFLUENT WATER TREATMENT PLANT (CATGON FILTRASORB SYSTEM)
Principal Investigator: Prosche, M.
Performing Organization: Atlantic Richfield Co., 260 Broad St.,
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
The contract provides for the demonstration and evaluation of the
effectiveness of an activated carbon system for periodic treatment
of refinery wastewater and storm water runoff. The system is a
parallel down flow granular activated carbon system which includes
carbon regenerations designed to treat 4.2 mgd of wastewater and
reduce the COD over 90% to an effluent value less than 40 mg/1.
[SSIE No. GMA-1502-2]
Status: The project is complete and three papers have been published.
Reports and Publications
ACTIVATED CARBON TREATMENT OF COMBINED STORM AND PROCESS WATERS
Author Unknown. 1976.
Open Forum on Management of Petroleum Refinery Wastewaters,
University of Tulsa, January 26-29, 1976. (Sponsored by EPA-
API-NPRA).
REFINERY EFFLUENT WATER TREATMENT PLANT USING ACTIVATED CARBON
Loop, G.C. 1975.
Report for 1971-1974, EPA/660/2-75-020. 102p.
Activated carbon is used to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand
of a petroleum refinery's effluent water in Carson, California.
In two years the plant processed 172 million gallons of water,
operating at a cost of 40 cents per 1000 gallons of water treated.
At average feed and effluent COD concentrations, the carbon was
loaded at 0.26 pounds of COD per pound of carbon.
OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE OF A REFINERY WASTEWATER CARBON ADSORPTION
PLANT
Prosche, M.A., G.C. Loop, and R.P. Strand. 1974.
Industrial Wastes Conference, 29th, West Lafayette, Indiana,
May, 1974. Pt.l. p.255-261. (Purdue University Engineering
Bulletin, Engineering Extension Series No. 145.)
222
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The system selected consisted of impounding rain plus process
water followed by activated carbon treatment to adsorb the COD
material. The design and description of the plant are detailed.
Information Source: M.A. Prosche, Products Division, Atlantic Richfield
Co., 1801 East Sepulveda Blvd., Carson, CA 90745
R-090-76
OIL-WATER SEPARATION BY INDUCED-AIR FLOTATION
Principal Investigator: Sylvester, N.D.
Performing Organization: University of Tulsa, School of Engineering
and Physical Science, 600 S. College Ave.,
Tulsa, OK 74110
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of
Engineering
Peroid: 4/76 to 1/77 Funds: $21,350
This project is aimed at experimentally evaluating the mechanism and
effects of several process variables on the oil-water separation
efficiency of the induced-air flotation process. Phase I of the
program will study the effect of the following variables on the effi-
ciency of the process: oil types and concentration, emulsion droplet
size and distribution, emulsion flow rate and/or residence time, and
air flow rate and bubble size. Phase II will investigate the effect
of chemical flocculation on the flotation efficiency of the same
emulsions studied in Phase I.
[SSIE No. GSE-5640]
R-091-76
AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION RELATED TO PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND USE
Principal Investigator: Thomas, J.R.
Performing Organization: Chevron Research Co., P.O. Box 1627,
Richmond, CA 94802
Supporting Agency: Standard Oil Co. of California
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
"Research, development, and process design pertinent to cleaner
petroleum processing water effluent, cleaner petroleum processing
effluent of the atmosphere, low sulfur fuels, and reduction of auto-
movtive emissions."
[SSIE No. AQ-968-1]
223
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Status: Chevron Research has continuing projects directed toward
treating the effluent streams from refineries and other facilities
as required to meet or exceed regulatory requirements. There have
been no publications.
Information Source:
A.L. Grassberg, Chevron Research Co., 576 Standard
Ave., Richmond, Ca 94802
R-092-76
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES FOR NON-PROCESS OPERATIONS
Principal Investigator: Tischler, L.F.
Performing Organization: Engineering Science, Inc.
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 506-75
Period: Unknown
The wastewater characteristics of petroleum marketing terminals are
being determined. The waste load of oils and greases discharged into
existing effluent treatment systems and the efficiency of, and effluent
quality from existing wastewater treatment units are being studied.
Status: Activity to date includes: critiques on which regional
standards for terminals have been based; critique of background
documents supporting oil and grease standards of the Interstate
Sanitation Commission of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and the
state of New Jersey; a survey of effluents from 45 petroleum terminals
and a survey to expand the data base and develop statistically signif-
icant relationships among petroleum terminal effluents. A report
was scheduled for early 1976 for input to the Environmental Protection
Agency for use in developing terminal standards.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report.
4275. February, 1976]
API Publication No.
224
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7. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
R-283-75 (renewal)
OIL SPILL CLEANUP TRAINING SCHOOL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University, College Station,
TX 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 303-75
Period: Unknown
The contract provides for a comprehensive training course for cleaning
up oil spills under a variety of conditions. Designed to be self-
supporting and open to all parties, the school is now in full operation.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
R-284-75 (renewal)
TRAINING PROGRAM FOR PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Educational Systems and Designs, Inc.,
National Photographic Laboratories
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 306-75
Period: Unknown
The aim of the project is to develop a program which will motivate
workers to prevent oil spills, and a training aid for the prevention
of oil spills in barge loading and unloading operations.
Status: Completion of a film by Educational Systems and Designs to
promote individual initiative in preventing spills was planned by
June 1976.
National Photographic Laboratories (NPL) has developed a proposed outline
for a barge loading/unloading training course. The API task force has
approved the outline and instructed NPL to proceed with producing the
course materials.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
225
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8. CONTINGENCY PLANNING
R-093-76
DEVELOP NATIONAL POLLUTION RESPONSE CENTER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
INFORMATION SYSTEM (CHRIS)
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Arthur D. Little, Inc., 25 Acorn Ave.,
Cambridge, MA 02142
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The contract provides for the development of a computerized information
system to provide pertinent information for routine and emergency con-
trol of dangerous chemical shipments. The information system will be
incorporated as a part of the National Pollution Response Center as
delineated in the National Multiagency oil and hazardous materials
contingency plan.
[SSIE No. GZ-7411]
226
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-088-74 (renewal)
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS TO ENABLE DETERMINING EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
Principal Investigators: Glynn, P.W., C. Birkeland, A.A. Reimer, and
J.R. Young
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401
MSt., S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460
Supporting Agency: Smithsonian Institution Tropical Research Institute,
No. 14-12-874
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Multiple Support
In late 1968, a tanker broke up two to three miles from the STRI
marine laboratory at Galeta Island. Since little quantitative data
were available on the organisms of the reefs and mangroves nearby,
the "biological costs" of the oil pollution could not be assessed.
STRI proposes to establish the necessary baselines and to explore
several natural agents of oil pollution abatement.
[SSIE No. GTA-64-3]
Status: The final report has been accepted by EPA and is in the
process of being published.
Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE ZOOANTHID
PALYTHOA VARIABILIS
Reimer, A.A. 1975.
Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry 5(4):258-266.
Marine Diesel and Bunker-C oils can elicit feeding behavior and
eventually ingestion in the zooanthid. The ability of the polyps
to discriminate between inert and chemically active particles is
decreased for three to five days after exposure to oil. For
several days following exposure, oil is retained in the coelenteron
and periodically released as tiny droplets.
227
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EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON CORALS
Reimer, A.A. 1975.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 6(3):39-43.
Four species of Panamanian corals were exposed to marine diesel
and bunker oil. The oils may cause delayed death and definitely
alter feeding and metabolic behavior at sublethal concentrations.
Information Source: A.A. Reimer, Pennsylvania State University,
208 Life Sciences I, University Park, PA 16802
R-231-74
SURVEY OF SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ON BIOTA OF CHRONIC NATURAL EXPOSURE TO
OIL
Principal Investigator: Straughan, D.
Performing Organization: Univeristy of Southern California, Allan
Hancock Foundation, University Park, Los
Angeles, CA 90007
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: Unknown
California beach areas subject to long term oil exposure will be
surveyed for growth irregularities and abnormalities of the biota.
Unpolluted beach areas will be surveyed and used as controls.
[SSIE No. PAP-76]
Status: All experimental work was completed in 1974. A final report
was scheduled to be released in spring, 1976. The following conclusions
have resulted from the study: areas of Coal Oil Point containing high
levels of sedimentary petroleum hydrocarbons are inhabited by marine
animals; the occurrence of such hydrocarbons in this environment has
been found to be extremely variable, as has that of biogenic hydro-
carbons; no malformations were observed in organisms at Coal Oil Point;
no relationship was found between levels of petroleum hydrocarbons in
sediments and biomass or abundance, presence, or absence of any group
of organisms; no adverse, sublethal effects were found in abalones,
sea urchins, and mussels at Coal Oil Point.
(A list of publications which have resulted from this research appear
in Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, November/74-February*75.
p. 213')
Information Source: Environmental Research, Annual Status Report.
API Publication No. 4275. February, 1976
228
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R-255-74 (renewal)
BIOLOGICAL FIELD STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J.W., and J.M. Neff
Performing Organization: Texas A & M Unversity System, Center for
Marine Resources, College Station, TX 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 206-75
Period: Unknown (in progress)
The research applies technology and data gained in laboratory models
to the natural marine environment. Oysters, clams, marine worms, shrimp
and fish are being exposed and studied for such effects as mortality,
growth, inhibition and enhancement, altered physiology, carcinogenesis,
and reproduction. Any such effects will be related to appropriate
measurements of hydrocarbons in organisms' tissues and in the environment.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report, API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF MARINE ORGANISMS
(in press)
Anderson, J.W. 1976.
Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment, International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea Workshop, No. G3. 19p.
Summary not available.
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON THE RATE OF HEART BEAT AND
HATCHING SUCCESS OF ESTUARINE FISH EMBRYOS (in press)
Anderson, J.W., D.B. Dixit, G.S. Ward, and R.S. Foster. 1976.
Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms, II. F.J. and W.B.
Vernberg (eds.). New York, Academic Press.
Summary not available.
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY EDIBLE MARINE
ANIMALS
Anderson, J.W., and J.M. Neff. 1976.
Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health Effects of
Environmental Pollution, Volume III. Luxembourg, Commission
European Communities, 1976. p.1461-1469. Proceedings.
Summary not available.
229
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THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON ESTUARINE ANIMALS: TOXICITY, UPTAKE AND
DEPURATION, RESPIRATION
Anderson, J.W., J.M. Neff, B.A. Cox, H.E. Tatem, and G.M. Hightower.
1974.
Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms. F.J. and W.B.
Verberg (eds.)s New York, Academic Press, 1974. p.285-310.
Laboratory studies on the short-term toxicity, rates of accumulation
and release, and metabolic response to two crude and two refined
oils were conducted. Three organisms were used. Water-soluble
fractions of the refined oils were the most toxic. Rates of accumu-
lation were rapid, but the hydrocarbons were only retained briefly.
Metabolic responses varied.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF OIL, HEAVY METALS AND PCE& ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Anderson, J.W., J.M. Neff, and S.R. Petrocelli. 1974.
Survival in Toxic Environments. M.A.Q. Khan, and J.P. Bederka,
Jr. (eds.). New York, Academic Press, 1974. p.83-121
A review is presented of the research conducted on the sublethal
effects of three major pollutant classes commonly found in estuarine
environments. Results indicated that levels of petroleum hydrocarbons
in animal tissues may act to temporarily alter the regulatory ability
of test individuals; the class of hydrocarbons accumulated to the
greatest extent and retained the longest in animals being the
naphthalenes.
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND OYSTER RESOURCES OF GALVESTON BAY, TEXAS
Anderson, R.D. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San Francisco,
1975. p.541-548.
Significant amounts of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons were detected
in oysters collected at the lower end of the Houston Ship Canal.
Once transferred to oil-free seawater, oysters released saturated
chains and most aromatic fractions rapidly with depuration to less
than 0.1 ppm within 52 days. Transfer of oysters may improve the
overall quality of this shellfish resource.
EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND SELECTED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON THE
OSMOTIC AND CHLORIDE REGULATION OF THE AMERICAN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA
Anderson, R.D., and J.W. Anderson. 1975.
Physiological Zoology 48(4):420-430.
230
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Oysters exposed to No. 2 fuel oil were unable to osmotically adjust
at the same rate as the control group when salinity concentrations
were altered. Those exposed to South Louisiana crude oil, however,
responded to salinity changes much like the controls. After 10
days in oil-free seawater, all oysters exposed to either No. 2 fuel
oil or South Louisiana crude oil reached equilibrium with the
respective media.
SOME EFFECTS OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL ON THE BROWN SHRIMP PENAEUS AZTECUS
Cox, B.A. and L.W. Anderson. 1973.
American Zoologist 13(4):262. Abstracts.
The uptake and depuration of water-soluble fractions of No. 2 fuel
oil by three size groups of brown shrimp were examined. Total
hydrocarbons present were determined by infrared spectrophotometry.
When shrimp of two size classes were exposed to 1.3 ppm No. 2 fuel
oil fractions for 20 hours, maximum uptake for both classes occurred
within the first exposure hour, and depuration began during the 20
exposure hours. Larger shrimp were found to absorb four times as
much of the oil fractions as did smaller shrimp, but depuration
occurred more rapidly in the large size group.
FATE AND EFFECT OF NAPHTHALENES IN CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM ENCLOSURES
Lee, R.F., and J.W. Anderson. 1976.
Submitted to Bulletin of Marine Sciences.
Summary not available.
OIL POLLUTION AND SHELLFISH
Neff, J.M. 1974.
National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop, 8th. D.S. Walt(ed.).
National Shellfish Safety Program. 158p.
Summary not available.
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
NAPHTHALENE AND ALKYLNAPHTHALENES IN THE TISSUES OF OIL-CONTAMINATED
MARINE ANIMALS
Neff, J.M., and J.W. Anderson. 1975.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 14(1):122-128.
The article describes a direct UV spectrophotometric method for
the semiquantitative determination of naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes.
231
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and dimethylnaphthalenes in seawater and in marine animal tissues.
In past hydrocarbon accumulation and retention studies as little as
0.1 ppm of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes have been detected without
difficulty in marine animal tissues. The detection limits in seawater
are in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 ppm.
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF FUEL OIL DERIVED DIAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
BY THE POLYCHAETE, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
Rossi, S.S., and J.W. Anderson. (Submitted for API reveiw)
Summary not available.
TOXICITY OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND SOUTH LOUISIANA
CRUDE OIL TO SELECTED STAGES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE POLYCHAETE,
NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
Rossi, S.S., and J.W. Anderson. (Submitted for API review)
Summary not available.
TOXICITY OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF FOUR TEST OILS FOR THE POLYCHAETOUS
ANNELIDS, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA AND CAPITELLA CAPITATA
Rossi, S.S., J.W. Anderson, and 6.S. Ward. 1976.
Environmental Pollution 10(1):9-18.
Of the water soluble fractions of the four oils tested, the two refined
oils were more toxic than the two cruJe oils. The refined oils contained
more diaromatic compounds (naphthalenes) which is the probable reason for
their increased toxicity. Although the two species of annelids differed
slightly in sensitivity, they were similar to fish and crustaceans in
their reaction to these four oils.
THE TOXICITY OF FOUR OILS TO PALAEMONETES PUGIO (HOLTHUIS) IN RELATION
TO UPTAKE AND RETENTION OF SPECIFIC PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Tatem, H.E., and J.W. Anderson. 1973.
American Zoologist 13(4): 261. Abstracts.
Results are given from studies measuring the effects of water soluble
fractions (WSFs) of Southern Louisiana, Kuwait, No. 2 Fuel, and Bunker
C oils on P.. Pugio. It was found that the more toxic oils contained
higher proportions of naphthalene, methyl naphthalene and dimethylnaphthalene
which are rapidly accumulated by Palaemonetes but readily released if the
initial exposure is not lethal.
232
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Dissertations
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN
OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA GMELIN
Anderson, R.D. 1973.
Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A & M Univeristy.
Summary not available.
RESPONSES OF THE MARINE CRUSTACEANS MYSIDOPSIS ALMYRA BOWMAN,
PENAEUS AZTECUS IVES, AND PENAEUS SETIFERUS (LINN.) TO PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS
Cox, B.A. 1974.
Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A & M University.
Toxicity studies showed the refined No. 2 fuel oil and Venezuelan
Bunker C oil to be six times more toxic to mysids than either
Southern Louisiana crude or Kuwait crude oil. Naphthalene compounds
in the No. 2 fuel oil were found to be responsible for most of the
toxicity. White shrimp (P.. setiferus) and brown shrimp (P_. aztecus)
were less sensitive to water-soluble fractions (WSF) of No. 2 fuel
oil than the mysid (M. almyra). Growth rate, molting frequency,
and respiratory rate in these animals were not altered by the WSF
of No. 2 fuel oil or crude oil.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND THE POLYCHAETOUS
ANNELID, NEANTHES ARENACEQDENTATA: EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND REPRRO-
DUCTION: FATE OF DIAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ACCUMULATED FROM SOLUTION
OR SEDIMENTS
Rossi, S.S. 1976.
Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A & M University.
Summary not available.
THE TOXICITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL AND PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS ON ESTUARINE GRASS SHRIMP PALAEMONETES PUGIO HOLTHUIS
Tatem. H.E. 1975.
Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A & M University.
Summary not available.
233
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Presentations
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF MARINE CRUSTACEANS AND POLYCHAETES
Anderson, O.W., J.M. Neff, H.E. Tatem, B.A. Cox, S.S. Rossi
and R.L. Laughlin. 1976.
American Society of Zoologists, Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
May 31-June 4,1976.
Workshop: Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Developing
Invertebrates
R-295-75
WEST FALMOUTH FOLLOW-UP STUDIES
Principal Investigator: Michael, A.
Performing Organization: Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole,
MA 02543
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. OS-20L
Period: 7/74 to 12/75
A study is being conducted to determine the state of recovery of the
entire West Falmouth area affected by the 1969 spill. Results have
indicated that the benthic fauna of the area have substantially
recovered, although the number of species in the Wild Harbor marsh
is lower than at a control marsh. The offshore area is closer to
total recovery than either the marsh or boat basin.
Status: In mid-to late 1974, the contractor found that his control
stations, not previously affected by the oil spill, were decreasing
in bottom animal life. Subsequent observations indicated these changes
to be unrelated to the oil spill, that the exposed marsh is indistin-
guishable from the control, and that only an acre in the boat basin
remains affected. Field studies were completed by the end of 1975
and the final project report will follow.
Information Source: Environmental Research, Annual Status Report.
API Publication No. 4275. February, 1976.
R-052-76
EFFECT OF DEGRADED OIL (MICROBIAL) UPON THE FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF SEA URCHIN EGGS
Principal Investigator: Stormer, F.C.
Performing Organization: National Institute of Health, Oslo, Norway
Supporting Agency: Unknown
Period: Unknown
234
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Part of the research project will be performed at Stazione Zoologica
Napoli, Italy.
[American Society for Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter
14(3):27. 1975.]
Reports and Publications
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF EKOFISK OIL IN SEAWATER BY S.ACCHAROMYCOPSIS
LIPQLYTICA
Stormer, F.C., and A. Vinsjansen. 1976.
Ambio 5(3):141-142.
The effect of pH and temperature on the acid production during
degradation of Ekofisk oil by the yeast i- lipolytica in seawater
in the presence of nutrients is described. Final results indicated
that the biodegraded sample was dispersed. Most of the organic acids
produced have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic part which makes them
useful in dissolving oil into microdroplets.
Information Source: F.C. Stormer, National Institute of Health, Oslo,
Norway
R-094-76
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND DRILLING MUD ON CORAL REEFS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J.W.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University, Center for Marine
Resources, College Station, TX 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 215-75
Period: Unknown
Among the questions raised in this study are whether corals concentrate
hydrocarbons in their tissues, whether they cleanse themselves of
drilling mud, how much sedimentation by drilling mud they can withstand,
whether growth rate is affected and what is the toxicity of oil to
various reef fish. Research includes placing plastic tents over entire
coral reef communities and then introducing oil beneath them.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275, February, 1976.]
Status: A manuscript is being prepared on information gathered from
the first and second year investigations. A paper entitled, Behavioral
Responses of Hermatypic Corals to Drill Mud and Drill Mud Components,
will be submitted for presentation at the 1977 Oil Spill- Conference.
Information Source: J.W. Anderson, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division,
Marine Research Laboratory, Route 2, Box 140, Sequim,
WA 98382
235
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R-095-76
MARSHLAND RECOVERY STUDIES
Principal Investigator: Bender, M.E.
Performing Organization: Virginia Institute of Marine Science,
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 210-75
Period: Unknown
The study will determine the acute environmental effects of fresh
and aged crude oils on an estuarine marshland. A coastal tidal -
marsh estuarine ecosystem was modified by erection by oil containment
barriers so as to provide mini-ecosystem oil test sites and controls.
Spills of both fresh and artificially-aged South Louisiana crude were
made, and results to date indicate that the initial toxicity of the
aged crude was greater than that of fresh crude. The aged crude
showed an initial kill of all caged fish and substantial marsh grass
kills. Subsequent observations with caged fish indicate the toxicity
of the aged crude to be of short duration.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report, API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
R-096-76
EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL TO LARVAL LOBSTERS
Principal Investigator: Forns, J.R.
Performing Organization: Westinghouse Ocean Research Laboratory,
San Diego, CA
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 125-76
Period: Unknown
This study is designed to determine whether larval lobsters are
vulnerable to an oil spill during their early developmental stages.
Laboratory investigations demonstrated good larval survival in most
instances; however, some subtle effects of oil exposure were observed.
Final preparation and release of the project report was expected
during the first quarter of 1976. Phase II of this study is planned
for 1976.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
236
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R-097-76
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PELAGIC OIL
Principal Investigators: Gebelein, C.D., and N.E. Maynard
Performing Organization: Bermuda Biology Station
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 209-75
Period: 6/74 to 8/76
The effects of pelagic oil (tar balls) on the health and population
of intertidal marine organisms are being determined in this study.
Parameters being examined include species composition, abundance and
diversity, zonation, hydrocarbon analyses of animal tissues and algal
biomass, and preliminary analyses of tar globules and the effects of
weathering.
Status: The following conclusions resulted from the first year's
work: there is no measurable effect of tar influx on the number of
organisms of any species inhabiting the intertidal zone; there is no
relationship of tar influx to their reproductive patterns; and their
size frequency is unaffected by either tar influx or tar coverage.
Conclusions concerning the content of hydrocarbons in tissues of
species as a result of tar pollution are not yet definitive. Additional
research to be conducted in the second year includes investigation of
organisms which inhabit the splash zone and tide pools along the shore-
line where tar accumulates.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publications No.
4275. February, 1976]
R-098-76
CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM POLLUTION EXPERIMENT (CEPEX)-ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION
ASSESSMENT
Principal Investigator: Grice, G.D.
Performing Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Main
St., Woods Hole, MA 02543
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of
Ocean Sciences
Period: 3/76 to 11/76 Funds: $34,900
In CEPEX, scientists from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada
are studying the effects of specific pollutants on oceanic communities.
In the proposed research, zooplankton contained in large plastic
cylinders are subjected to low-level and long term exposure to petroleum,
polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals. The results will permit
assessment of the impact of known levels of pollutants on zooplankton
species, occurrence, abundance and life history.
[SSIE No. GSN-1507-2]
237
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R-099-76
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF INGESTED PETROLEUM IN MARINE BIRDS
Principal Investigators: Holmes,W.N., J. Cronshaw, and A. Crocker
Performing:0rganization: University of California, Santa Barbara,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior
Period: 1/76 to 1/80 Funds: $187,165
The contract provides for the comprehensive study of the effects of
ingested crude oil on the health of marine birds. Adult mallard
ducks adapted to seawater are being fed diets containing known
concentrations of crude oils from various geographical locations.
Factors being monitored include body weight, amounts of food and oil
consumed daily, hormonal status of the adrenal glands, and environmental
stress. The data are compared with those from control groups fed
uncontaminated food.
Results: The team's study over the past four years has demonstrated
that when crude oil is ingested by seawater-adapted ducklings the
uptake of water and salts from the intestine is impaired. As a result,
the physiological mechanisms that balance the intake and excretion of
water and salts in these birds are disturbed.
Information Source: W.N. Holmes, University of California, Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
R-100-76
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS-EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS IN THE
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Malins, D.C.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental
Conservation Division, 2725 Montlake Blvd.E
Seattle, UA 98112
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries
Service, No. FB 1600/8 818 A4
Period: 7/74 to ? (in progress)
The aim of the project is to determine the extent and effects of
natural and man-induced contaminants and alterations on the distribution,
abundance, and function of aquatic organisms in the lower Columbia River
and estuary and in northern Puget Sound.Temperature, petroleum hydro-
carbons, nitrogen gas supersaturation, maintenance dredging, and offshore
disposal of dredged materials are parameters currently under investigation.
[SSIE No. 2BP-945]
238
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Reports and Publications
METABOLISM OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS
KISUTCH)
Roubal, W.T., T.K. Collier, and D.C. Malins. 1976.
Federal Proceedings 35(7):1710.
Benzene-U-^C, naphthalene-l-14C, and anthracene-9-14C were
administered to juvenile coho salmon in the food and by intra-
peritoneal injection. After each exposure, 14C in key organs
(i.e. liver, brain) increased with time in the order anthracene>
naphthalene>benzene. After intraperitoneal injection, the highest
percentages of aromatic metabolites occurred in the gall bladder
and significant amounts were found in the liver, brain, and muscle.
Data suggests that aromatic metabolites are broadly distributed
in fish exposed to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and considera-
tion of these products should be included when quantifying aromatic
hydrocarbons in marine fish.
Information Source: D.C. Malins, U.S. Department of Commerce, Environ-
mental Conservation Division, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E,
Seattle, WA 98112
R-101-76
BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS AND MARINE POLLUTION
Principal Investigators: Mitchell, R., and G. McKay
Performing Organization: Harvard University, Division of Engineering
and Applied Physics, Cambridge, MA 02138
Supporting Agency: Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research
Period: 6/69 to ?
Recent observations indicate that crude oil possesses some limited
solubility chemoreception in seawater and may have an inhibitory effect
on chemoreception in marine bacteria. The effects of chemical pollutants
in the sea on chemoreception in microorganisms will be studied. Work
will encompass 1) the ecological significance of chemotaxis, and 2)
the effects of pollutants on chemoreception.
Results: The addition of pollutants to bacterial suspensions at
concentrations of 10-4 M significantly inhibits chemotaxis. Chlorinated
hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons, alcohols, and metal salts all
inhibited chemoreception. These concentrations are not lethal and the
chemotactic response can be regained. Chlorinated-hydrocarbons have
a greater effect than petroleum hydrocarbons on chemotaxis.
239
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Reports and Publications
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS ON CHEMOTAXIS
Walsh, F., and R. Mitchell
[MRIS Abstracts 12:#044221. 1976]
R-102-76
NEOPLASIA IN MARINE MOLLUSKS
Principal Investigator: Saila, S.B.
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, Kingston,
RI 02881
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 221-75
Period: 10/75 to ?
Clams are to be selected from at least a dozen locations along the
New England coastline, which represent different types of exposure
to contaminants, to determine the etiology of any neoplasia encountered.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
R-103-76
SEAGRASS COMMUNITY PROCESSES IN COASTAL ZONES OF THE SEMITROPICS AND
TROPICS
Principal Investigator: Thorhaug, D.A.
Performing Organization: University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 '
Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33124
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration,
Biomedical and Environmental Research Division
Period: 9/75 to 8/76 Funds: $47,185
The investigators are studying key problems in the Thalassia (seagrass)
ecosystem process which will lead to an understanding of and predictive
model for management of these marine benthic nearshore communities.
Problem areas to be investigated include productivity, nutrient and
trace metal cycling, and the effect of pollutants, such as oil, copper,
chlorine and temperature, and energy flow.
Status: The project is continuing. There have been no published
results to date.
[SSIE No. GPE-5266-Z]
240
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R-104-76
RESPONSE TO CRUDE OIL OF SELECTED MICROBIAL POPULATIONS IN A TIDAL
MARSH
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Virginia Institute of Marine Science,
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 203-75
Period: 5/75 to ?
The research deals with measuring the effects of spilled crude oil
upon natural tidal marsh microbial populations which use hydrocarbons
and populations which are significant in the mineralization of organic
biopolymers (cellulose, chitin, etc.). This study is a part of the
Marshland Recovery Program (210-75) conducted by VIMS.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
241
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2. GENERAL EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
R-105-76
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBONS ON SELECTED ECOSYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED
ORGANISMS
Principal Investigators: Gibson, C.I., J.R. Vanderhorst, and R.M.
Bean
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box 999,
Rich land, WA 99352
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration
Biomedical and Environmental Research Division,
Contract £(45-1)1830
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
This program will examine the laboratory response of populations and
benthic communities to concentrations of single hydrocarbon compounds
and aqueous phase petroleum, and the in situ response of coastal
communities to sediment-bound petroleum.
For a list of the current programs and publications being conducted
by Battelle, see "Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports", November'75-
January'76, p.252-257.
[SSIE No. ZPE-11367]
R-106-76
COMPILATION OF COLD-CLIMATE OIL-SPILL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY PERTAINING
TO ALASKAN SHORELINES
Principal Investigator: Mckendrick, J.D.
Performing Organization: Univeristy of Alaska, Institute of Agricultural
Sciences, Box E, Palmer, AL 99645
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National
Environmental Research Center
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $115,000
Project objectives were to assess the adequacy of available methods
and techniques for preventing damage from oil spills to coastal and
inland shorelines and for restoring spill damaged areas to as near
original conditions as possible. The field of investigation included
both Alaskan and Canadian territories. These methods will be documented
in the form of a prevention, cleanup and restoration manual for poten-
tial spill areas.
[SSIE No. GMA-2364]
242
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EFFECTS OF OIL PROSPECTING AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-056-76
EFFECT OF REFINERY EFFLUENTS ON AQUATIC LIFE
Principal Invesitgator: Buikema, A., J. Cairns, and K. Dickson
Department: Biology
Performing Organization: Virginia Polytechnical Institute and State
University, School of Arts and Sciences,
Burruss Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 7/74 to 12/75
A number of freshwater and marine organisms will be surveyed to
discover a biological monitor for refinery effluents. The object is
to develop a simple, compact, inexpensive technique to be used by
nonbiologists. Freshwater organisms have been surveyed; marine work
began in early 1975.
[SSIE No. PAP-98]
Status: Bioassays using the Daphm'a pulex methodology for toxicity
testing of refinery effluents, developed during the fresh-water phase
of the project, were conducted over a range of temperatures, water
hardnesses, pH's, photoperiods and culture conditions. The relation-
ships between Daphnia bioassays and fish bioassays and the effect of
specific chemical contaminants found in refinery wastewaters were
determined.
In the salt water phase, an array of estuarine invertebrates and fish
has been examined and tested for use in bioassays of refinery effluents
A preferred animal has been selected and test methodology is being
designed. A supplemental study has been initiated to examine the
feasibility of using selected enzyme systems for screening effluent
wastes in fresh and brackish water environments.
Reports and Publications
A SCREENING BIOASSAY USING DAPHNIA PULEX FOR REFINERY WASTES
DISCHARGED INTO FRESHWATER
Buikema, A.L., D.R. Lee, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1976.
ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation 4(2):120-125.
A simple bioassay method is suggested for on-site toxicity testing
of refinery effluents. Daphm'a pulex was selected among the array
243
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of invertebrates and fish evaluated because it was the most
sensitive, relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain, and a
potential fish-food organism. In tests of the bioassay method
conducted at six petroleum refineries, data show that the method
was reproducible and personnel were able to perform the bioassay.
Information Source: J. Cairns, Center for Environmental Studies,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, VA 24061
244
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2. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-107-76
OCSEP
Principal Investigator: Bruce, H.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental
Research Labs, Boulder, CO 80302
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land
Management, No. R7120610
Period: 7/75 to 6/76 Funds: $810,300
Project objectives include establishing an environmental baseline in
regions of potential development, defining the ecological impact of oil
exploration, production, storage and transport on the OCS, and providing
a basis for predictive or diagnostic models of the ecosystem response
to loading by petroleum and petroleum by-products. The current program
includes physical, biological, chemical, and geological environmental
assessment studies on the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea outer continental
shelves and related shorelines.
[SSIE No. GUK-64]
R-l08-76
ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT
Principal Investigator: Hanson, W.C.
Performing Organization: Los Alamos Scientific Lab., P.O. Box 1663,
Los Alamos, NM 87544
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration,
Biomedical and Environmental Research Division
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
Studies are being made of existing distributions of birds, small mammals,
caribou and the effect of pipeline construction, and cultural implica-
tion of oil development on Eskimo and Indian societies along the route.
•he implications of the changes to human health of inhabitants, transient
workers, and tourists will be stressed.
[SSIE No. CPE-5706]
R-l09-76
ENERGY RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Principal Investigator: Hood, G.C.
Performing Organization: Shell Development Co., P.O. Box 481, Houston,
TX 77001
Supporting Agency: Shell Oil Co.
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
245
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The aim of the project is to minimize or eliminate environmental
contamination (air, water and ground) created from oil and gas
production.
[SSIE No. BM-598-1]
R-110-76
IMPACT ON LAND USE AND VALUE OF ALTERNATE STRATEGIES FOR PRODUCTION,
DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ENERGY IN THE PERIOD 1974-2000
Principal Investigator: McFarland, W.F.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University, Texas Transportation
Institute, Highway Research Center, College
Station, TX 77843
Supporting Agency: Texas State Government, No. TX-RF185
Period: 9/74 to 12/75
Land use effects of oil and gas drilling and production (on-and off-
shore), port construction for tankers, refinery and process plant
construction, and other energy-related operations were investigated
in Texas. Some indirect economic and environmental effects associated
with these activities were also determined.
[SSIE No. YTX-502]
R-lll-76
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION IN THE SOUTHEAST STATES
Principal Investigators: Miller, D.W., N.M. Perlmutter, and F.
Vanderleeden
Performing Organization: Geraghty and Miller Inc., 44 Sintsink Dr. E.,
Port Washington, NY 11050
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $66,000
The principal sources of groundwater contamination will be evaluated
in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Virginia. Findings of this study will be used to
develop ways to reduce the number of polluting sources and to point
out deficiencies in present methods of groundwater quality protection.
Key sources which will be investigated include free-flowing saline-
water wells, activities involved in petroleum exploration and development,
and leaky industrial waste lagoons.
[SSIE No. GMA-2179]
246
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R-112-76
COASTAL ZONE POLICY STUDY-THE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT
OF FLORIDA
Principal Investigator: Pearman, A., J.E. Frank, A. Dzurik
Performing Organization: State University of Florida Systems, School
of Social Sciences, 205 Wildwood Dr.,
Talahassee, FL 32306
Supporting Agency: Florida State University
Period: 11/74 to 10/75
Offshore oil development is examined from legal, environmental, economic
and social perspectives. The objective of the study is to identify and
evaluate a set of policy alternatives which can promote positive regional
development while minimizing adverse effects of such development on
affected areas.
ESSIE No. NFS-43]
R-113-76
ENERGY RELATED ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
ALTERNATIVES IN LAKE BOEUF-LAKE DES ALLEMANDS REGION, SOUTH LOUISIANA
Principal Investigators: Whitehurst, C.A., R.H. Chabreck, R.A. Kinney,
D H. Turner, and R.A. Muller
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University Systems, School
of Engineering, University Station, Baton
. Rouge, LA 70803
supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Water
n Research and Technology, Contract C-6052
Period: 7/74 to 6/75
This project is a continuation of studies on the Bayou Lafourche
Water resources problems. Problems related to the oil and gas drilling
industries in an area of South Louisiana were studied. The impact of
energy-related activities, including well-drilling, pipeline construction,
canal dredging, refinery construction, etc., on the water resources were
to be measured.
ESSIE No. GUY-135]
Status: The project will be completed by summer, 1976, and a final
report to the Department of Interior will be published by September.
^formation Source: C.A. Whitehurst, Louisiana State University and
Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge,
LA 70803
247
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
R-216-74 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT-MICROSIAL METABOLISM OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator: Gibson, D.T., and H.J. Rohlich
Performing Organization: University of Texas, School of Natural
Sciences, 200 W. 21st St., Austin, TX 78712
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy
Period: 7/76 to 6/77 Funds: $24,000
This investigation on microorganisms that degrade aromatic hydrocarbons
found in crude oil is to provide means for the successful treatment of
oil spills. Emphasis is placed on the degradation pathways of aromatic
hydrocarbons by organisms that can use them for growth. Current work
is concentrated on studies of ortho-xylene biodegradation by a Nocardia
species.
[SSIE No. GQN-323091-2]
Reports and Publications
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Gibson, D.T. 1974.
Office of Naval Research, Annual Report No. 1, Task No. NR 306-054,
Contract N00014-67-A-0126-OOku. 70p.
The contract provides for the investigation of mechanisms used by
soil bacteria in oxidizing ortho-,meta-, and para-xylene.
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Gibson, D.T. ,1975.
Office of Naval Research, Annual Report No. 2, Task No. NR 306-054,
Contract N00014-67-A-0126-0020. 55p.
The purpose of this contract is to investigate mechanisms used by
soil bacteria to oxidize ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene and related
aromatic compounds. The microbial degradation of the sulfur-
containing constituents of crude petroleum is discussed.
248
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THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Gibson, D.T. 1976.
Office of Naval Research, Annual Report No. 3, Task No. NR 205-008,
Contract N00014-76-C-0102. 48p.
This report describes the degradation ofo-xylene by a species of
Nocardia that grows with this hydrocarbon as the sole source of
carbon and energy. Biodegradation ofo-xylene is initiated by
enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic nucleus. Studies on the bio-
degradation of chlorinated biphenyls are also discussed.
Information Source: D.T. Gibson, Department of Microbiology, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
R-339-74 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: BIOLOGY OF MARINE AND ESTUARINE MICROORGANISMS
Principal Investigators: Colwell, R.R., and J.D. Walker
Department: Microbiology
Performing Organization: University of Maryland, School of Agriculture,
College Park, MA 20742
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy, DN223667, Contract
N00014-75-C-0340
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The ability of marine and estuarine bacteria to degrade hydrocarbons
and petroleum in situ is being tested by a variety of techniques.
The biodegradation of lipids and refractory materials in suspended
particulates is being examined. The interactions of microorganisms
in estuarine and oceanic ecosystems are investigated.
[SSIE No. GQN-223667-2]
For a list of Publications see R-114-76.
R-114-76
DEEP OCEAN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF MARINE BACTERIA
Principal Investigator: Colwell, R.R.
Performing Organization: University of Maryland, School of Agriculture,
College Park, MD 20742
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean
Sciences
Period: 1/76 to 12/76 Funds: $49,500
The objective of this research is to determine the interaction of
microorganisms with the deep-ocean environment under in situ conditions.
249
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Microbial activity at low temperature and elevated pressure, and uptake
and incorporation of radioactively-labeled nutrients will be examined
under in situ conditions. Enrichment experiments using chitin,
petroleum compounds, cellulose, urea, etc., will also be conducted
in order to provide data for estimating microbial degradation of these
materials at ocean depths.
[SSIE No. GSV-4098-3]
Status: The project is in active status. A variety of deep ocean
studies are being conducted, particularly hydrostatic effects of
pressure on marine bacteria, and the effects of the environment on
microbial activities.
Reports and Publications
DEEP-SEA BACTERIA. GROWTH AND UTILIZATION OF N-HEXADECANE AT
IN SITU TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
Schwarz, J.R., J.D. Walker, and R.R. Colwell. 1975.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 21(5):682-687.
A mixed culture of bacteria obtained from the sediment-water inter-
face off the Florida coast at a depth of 4940 m utilized n-hexadecane
as a sole carbon source for growth at the in situ temperature (4°)
and pressure (500 atm). Rate of utilization under deep sea conditions
was much slower than the rate observed at ambient pressure (1 atm)
and low temperature. (4°).
GROWTH OF DEEP-SEA BACTERIA ON HYDROCARBONS AT AMBIENT AND IN
SITU PRESSURE
Schwarz, J.R., J.D. Walker, and R.R. Colwell. 1974.
Technical report, Contract N00014-67-A-0239-0027, Grant NSF-GA-
27725. 12p.
Bacteria collected from sediment samples at a depth of 4,940 m off
the Florida coast utilized n-tetradecane at both ambient and in
situ pressures; however, at ambient temperatures, the rate of
hydrocarbon utilization under in situ pressure (500 atm) was
significantly less than utilization at ambient pressure (1 atm).
Individual isolates from the mixed culture did not utilize n-tetra-
decane, indicating potential synergistic relationships.
250
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UTILIZATION OF MIXED HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATE BY PETROLEUM-
DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS
Walker, J.D., H.F. Austin, and R.R. Colwell. 1975.
Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 21(l):27-39.
The ability of petroleum-degrading yeasts, fungi, and bacteria to
degrade a mixed hydrocarbon substrate is reported. Cumene,
naphthalene, phenanthrene, pristane, 1, 2-benzanthracene, perylene,
and pyrene were degraded by microorganisms. The patterns for
hydrocarbon utilization were similar for bacteria, yeasts and fungi;
however, utilization by individual isolates varied significantly.
ENUMERATION OF PETROLEUM DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS
Walker, J.D., and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(2):198-207.
The effects of various factors, including oil concentration, anti-
biotics, dyes, and inoculum washes, on the total counts of
microorganisms on oil-containing media were determined. Media
containing 0.5% (vol/vol) oil and 0.003% phenol red, with Fungizone
added for isolating bacteria and streptomycin and tetracycline added
for yeasts and fungi, was found to be best for enumerating petroleum
degraders. Incubation temperature and presence of oil were found to
affect the numbers of petroleum-degrading microorganisms at sampling
sites.
MEASURING THE POTENTIAL ACTIVITY OF PETROLEUM-DEGRADING BACTERIA
Walker, J.D., and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(2):189-197.
[C-14] hydrocarbons were used to evaluate the hydrocarbon-degrading
potential of bacteria in estuarine and marine environments. Amount
of mineralization of [C~14] hexadecane can be equated with the total
number of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the percentage of the
total heterotrophic bacteria population which they represent.
MICROBIAL PETROLEUM DEGRADATION: USE OF MIXED HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATES
Walker, J.D., and R.R. Colwell. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(6):1053-1060.
A comparison is made of methods estimating the microbial degradation
of petroleum. Gas-liquid chromatography with a mixed hydrocarbon
251
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substrate is shown to be a useful method for evaluating the
microbial potential of hydrocarbon degradation.
BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF MOTOR OIL
Walker, J.D., R.R. Colwell, and L. Petrakis. 1975.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 47(8):2058-2066.
Natural populations of bacteria were used to attempt to degrade
petroleum under both optimum and real-world conditions. Oil
discharged from wastewater treatment plants can be biodegraded.
Microorganisms in the water column have more potential for
biodegradation of oils than those in the sediments.
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM BY CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Walker, J.D., R.R. Colwell, and L. Petrakis. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(3): 423-428.
Degradation products of petroleum-degrading bacteria from oil-free
and oil polluted sediments were analyzed and compared using
techniques of preferential solubility, column chromatography,
gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Microorganisms
from oil polluted sediments effectively utilized saturated and
aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas those from oil-free sediments
produced greater quantities of residual asphaltenes.
EVALUATION OF PETROLEUM-DEGRADING POTENTIAL OF BACTERIA FROM WATER
AND SEDIMENT
Walker, J.D., R.R. Colwell, and L. Petrakis. 1975.
Applied Microbiology 30(6):1036-1039.
Bacteria from water and sediment of an oil-polluted harbor were
examined for ability to degrade petroleum. Water samples contained
a larger variety of oil-degrading bacteria than sediment samples.
These bacteria produced significantly greater degradation of
several hydrocarbons than bacteria from the sediment.
252
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MICROBIAL DEGRADATION: APPLICATION OF COMPUTERIZED MASS SPECTROMETRY
Walker, J.D., R.R. Colwell, and L. Petrakis. 1975.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 21(11):1760-1967.
The use of computerized low-resolution mass spectrometry is offered
as a method for elucidating microbial degradation of petroleum.
In this study the degradation of a South Louisiana crude oil by a
mixed culture of estuarine bacteria was evaluated using this proce-
dure.
COMPARISON OF THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF CRUDE AND FUEL OILS
Walker, J.D., L. Petrakis, and R.R. Colwell. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(4) .-598-602.
The ability of two crude and two fuel oils to support growth of
a mixed population of estuarine bacteria was examined. Each of
the oils supported a unique population of bacteria and yeasts.
Low sulfur, high saturate South Louisiana crude oil was highly
susceptible to degradation; in contrast, the dense high sulfur
Bunker C fuel oil was strongly recalcitrant to biodegradation.
EFFECT OF SOUTH LOUISIANA CRUDE OIL AND NO. 2 FUEL OIL ON THE
GROWTH OF HETEROTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS, INCLUDING PROTEOLYTIC,
LIPOLYTIC, CHITINOLYTIC AND CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA
Walker, J.D., P.A. Seesman, and R.R. Colwell. 1975.
Environmental Pollution 9(1):13-33.
The susceptibility of autochthonous microorganisms from Muddy
Creek (Chesapeake Bay) to South Louisiana crude oil and No. 2
fuel oil was tested. The sediment from the creek was free of
oil. The yeast and fungi populations did not react to either
the crude or fuel oil. But both crude and fuel oil were toxic
to bacteria of all types.
Information Source: R.R. Colwell, Department of Microbiology,
University of Maryland, College Park 20742
253
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R-115-76
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON HYDROCARBON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA IN THE SEA
POLLUTED WITH PETROLEUM
Principal Investigator: Fujisawa, H.
Performing Organization: Shimonoseki University of Fisheries,
Department of Microbiology, 1944 Yoshiminagata-
honmachi, Shimonoseki, Japan
Supporting Agency: Unknown
Period: Unknown (in progress)
The investigator is studying the distribution of hydrocarbon oxidizers
in seas polluted from the Mizushima Refinery Plant as part of the
project on petroleum pollution.
[Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter 15(1):25]
Reports and Publications
STUDIES ON SLIME-LIKE SUBSTANCE FORMED IN DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF
REFINERY PLANT. I. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SLIME-LIKE SUBSTANCE
AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONNECTED WITH ITS FORMATION
Fujisawa, H., and M. Murakami. 1973.
Journal Shimonoseki University of Fisheries 22:29-38.
STUDIES ON SLIME-LIKE SUBSTANCE FORMED IN DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF
REFINERY PLANT. II. BACTERIA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS IN
SLIME-LIKE SUBSTANCE, WASTE WATER AND INDUSTRIAL WATER
Fujisawa, H., and M. Murakami. 1973.
Journal Shimonoseki University of Fisheries 22:39-48.
STUDIES ON SLIME-LIKE SUBSTANCE FORMED IN DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF
REFINERY PLANT. III. SLIME-LIKE SUBSTANCE ON SLIDE GLASS OR
PIPE SUBMERGED IN WASTE WATER AND INHABITING MICROORGANISMS
Fujisawa, H., and M. Murakami. 1973.
Journal Shimonoseki University of Fisheries 22:55-66.
STUDIES ON SLIME-LIKE SUBSTANCES FORMED IN DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF
REFINERY PLANT. IV. PROMOTIVE AND INHIBITORY CONDITIONS OF ITS
GROWTH
Fujisawa, H., and M. Murakami. 1974.
Journal Shimonoseki University of Fisheries 23:25-30.
254
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STUDIES ON HYDROCARBON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA IN THE COASTAL WATERS
I. SOME METHODS OF ENUMERATION OF HYDROCARBON OXIDIZING BACTERIA
Fujisawa, H., M. Murakami, and T. Manabe.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, (in press)
Some methods to enumerate hydrocarbon oxidizers in Japanese
coastal waters which receive various petroleum and organic
pollutants are examined in this paper.
Information Source: H. Fujisawa, Shimonoseki University of Fisheries,
Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, Japan
R-116-76
MICROBIAL ATTACK ON SYNTHETIC CRUDE PETROLEUM OBTAINED FROM ATHABASCA
BITUMEN
Principal Investigator: Jobson, A.M.
Performing Organization: Alberta Research Council, 11315 87th Ave.,
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2C2, Canada
Supporting Agency: Unknown
Period: Unknown
Summary not available.
[Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter 15(1):28]
Status: The investigator is conducting a small project concerned with
the penetration of agricultural class soil by synthetic crude petroleum
and its apparent degradation, or lack thereof, by microorganisms.
Results have not been published at this time. The following publications
have resulted from previous research.
Reports and Publications
BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL: COMPARISON OF FIELD AND
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Bailey, N.J.L., A.M. Jobson, and M.A. Rogers. 1973.
Chemical Geology 11:203-221.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A DESULFOVIBRIO SP. ISOLATED
FROM CRUDE PETROLEUM
Jobson, A.M. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Alberta
255
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MICROSIAL UTILIZATION OF CRUDE OIL
Jobson, A.M., F.D. Cook, and D.W.S. Westlake. '1972.
Applied Microbiology 23:1082-1089.
EFFECTS OF AMENDMENTS ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL UTILIZATION OF OIL
APPLIED TO SOIL
Jobson, A.M., M. McLaughlin, F.D. Cook, and D.W.S. Westlake. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 27:166-171.
BIODEGRADABILITY AND CRUDE OIL COMPOSITION
Westlake, D.W.S., A.M. Jobson, R. Phillippe, and F.D. Cook. 1974.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 20:915-928.
Information Source: A.M. Jobson, Alberta Research Council, Physical
Sciences Branch, 11315-87th Ave., Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G 2C2
R-l17-76
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL
Principal Investigator: Sedita, S.J., P.A. Boyle, and J.P. McGivern
Performing Organization: Houston Research Inc., 8330 Broadway, Houston,
TX 77012
Supporting Agency: Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research
Period: 5/72 to ?
The contract provides for the evaluation of previously isolated and
newly isolated microorganisms for their ability to oxidize oil;
comparison of combined microbial systems (intact and disrupted cells)
with intact cells for rapid oxidation of an oil slick under optimum
conditions; and data for design concepts and environmental acceptability
criteria.
Results: Forty hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms have been isolated
and have been partially characterized physiologically and morphologically.
Hydrocarbon oxidizing capabilities are being evaluated. In these studies
removal of paraffinic compounds is significant, whereas naphthenics and
aromatics increase correspondingly. The asphaltic component remains
constant. One experiment to determine the effectiveness of the technique
has been carried out using a mixed culture and disrupted and intact cells.
The disrupted cell approach is being evaluated as a possible technique
for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons on a pilot scale (1200 1 seawater
plus 100 ml oil).
Information Source: MRIS Abstracts 12. 1975.
256
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R-118-76
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION OF ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT MATERIALS
Principal Investigator: Traxler, R.W.
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, Agricultural
Experiment Station, Adminstration Building,
Kingston, RI 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State
Research Service, Rhode Island, No. 0063209,
RI00631
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The project will determine the rate and extent of degradation,
degradation pathways, and the products of degradation and their
toxicities for many materials arising from agricultural, industrial
and other operations. A field study has demonstrated bacterial
population shifts which occur in beach sediments following an oil
spill in Narragansett Bay. Data have been provided on degradation
rates of oil components at psychrophilic temperatures and the effects
of hydrocarbons on cellular structure.
[SSIE No. GY-63209-2]
Status: A list of publications resulting from the project appears in
Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, February ;76, April, '76, p.241-243.
Reports and Publications
MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A PENICILLIUM SP. GROWN ON
N-HEXADECANE OR PEPTONE
Cundell, A.M., W.C. Mueller, and R.W. Traxler. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(3):408-414.
The study was designed to compare the morphology and ultrastructure
of a PeniciIlium sp. when grown in liquid culture on n-hexadecane
or peptone using transmission and scanning electron microscopy.
The fungus grew as hollow mycelial balls surrounding individual
hydrocarbon droplets on n-hexadecane and as solid mycelial balls
on peptone. Inclusions were present in the hexadecane-grown
mycelium that were absent when the fungus was grown on peptone.
These findings support the generality that hydrocarbons are
sequestered in bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Information Source: R.W. Traxler, Agricultural Experiment Station,
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
257
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R-119-76
CLEANUP OF OIL IN SOIL BY BIODEGRADATION
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Sun Ventures, Inc.
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute (OS-21 Series)
Period: Unknown (one-year study)
The project consists of monitoring the fate and effects of oil
introduced into 42 plots located at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, Tulsa,
Oklahoma, and Corpus Christi, Texas. Sampling is at six-month intervals.
Oil concentration and changes in gross composition will be determined.
Once during the year the plots will be seeded to determine phytotoxicity
effects.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
258
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2. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
R-160-74
FATE OF OIL IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW, EVALUATION AND
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE
Principal Investigator: Kolpack, R.L.
Performing Organization: University of Southern California, Graduate
School, Los Angeles, CA 90007
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $100,000
A literature review was compiled concerning the area of oil transport
in a water environment. The study was mainly concerned with aquatic
parameters in reservoirs.
[SSIE No. PAP-61]
Status: The Annotated Bibliography of Selected Literature, Volume II
of the Phase I report, has been published (API Publication No. 4213).
Information Source: Environmental Research, Annual Status Report.
API Publication No. 4275. February, 1976.
R-120-76
INTERACTION OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS AND MICROORGANISMS IN THE NEW
JERSEY [sic]
Principal Investigator: Bartha, R., and A.D. Antoine
Performing Organization: Rutgers The State University, Agricultural
Experiment Station, Old Queens Building,
New Brunswick, NJ 08903
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State
Research Service, New Jersey, No.0068007 NJ00507
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The interaction of chemical pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons,
polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticide residues, heavy metals, and
pollutants that give rise to eutrophication with estuarine microorganisms
will be investigated. The action of pollutants on essential microbial
processes (biodegradation, nitrification, etc.) and the concentration
of pollutants in microorganisms and in higher members in estuarine food
chains will be determined.
[SSIE No. GY-68007]
259
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R-121-76
FATE OF OIL IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT: MATERIAL BALANCE OF AN OIL SPILL
Principal Investigator: Kolpack, R.L.
Performing Organization: University of Southern California, Graduate
School, Los Angeles, CA 90007
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. OS-20F
Period: 1/75 to 1/76
The project objective was to develop a computerized model capable of
describing and perhaps predicting the actual exposure of marine animals
to major hydrocarbon fractions found in an oil spill.
Status: A status report covering the development of a mathematical
simulation model has been submitted. The research program in 1975
focuses on improvement of model efficiency, systematic development
of algorithms, testing of the model, and setting priorities for future
research. Work 'on this project (Phase II) was scheduled to be completed
by January, 1976. The final report will be in two volumes: I,
Mechanics and Structure of the Oil Spill Model; and II, Validation.
For Volume II, model predictions were compared against known spill
data from Santa Barbara and Chesapeake Bay (controlled experimental
spills) and Chedabucto Bay (accidental spill). Correlations between
predictions vs. actual spill trajectories were obtained.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report. American Petroleum
Institute Publication No. 4275. February, 1976]
R-122-76
FATE OF OIL IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT: DILUTION STUDY OF A CONTROLLED
OIL SPILL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: JBF Scientific Corporation
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute, No. 201-75
Period: Unknown
This project supplements the University of California study for
development of an oil spill mathematical model. Oil spill tests at
sea have been designed and conducted in order to obtain physical and
chemical data on the dispersion of all oil slicks in the water column
by natural forces.
Several hundred samples were obtained from slicks generated by four
planned oil spills conducted by the contractor and from 1.5 and 3
meter depths in the water column. Selected samples were analyzed
by Exxon Research and Engineering Company and Chevron Oil Field
Research Company laboratories. A final report and conclusions will
be prepared and other data submitted.
[Environmental Research, Annual Status Report, API Publication No.
4275. February, 1976]
260
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F. OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
1. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
R-123-76
PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR
OIL PIPELINES
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Beak Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Alberta
Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada Department of the Environment
Period: 7/75 to 6/76 Funds: $10,190
No summary provided to SSIE.
[SSIE No. WDB-35]
Reports and Publications
PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
FROM OIL PIPELINES
Beak Consultants Ltd.
Prepared for Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada,
Place Vincent Massey, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OH3
Information Source: E.M. Wright, Assistant Manager, Beak Consultants
Ltd., 3530-11A Street NE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T2E 6M7
261
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SECTION III- CURRENT CONFERENCES
*Additional information not available at time of publication
*May 3-7 Joint IOC/WMO Subgroup of Experts on the IGOSS Marine
Pollution (Petroleum) Monitoring Pilot Project, 1st Session,
London, England, 1976.
FFI contact The Secretary-General, UNESCO, Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission, Place de Fonteney, 75700 Paris,
France
See also June 14-18: Second IOC/WMO workshop on Marine Pollu-
tion (Petroleum) Monitoring
May 4-6 Conference on Great Lakes Research, 19th, and Annual Meeting
of the International Association for Great Lakes Research,
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 5d: Sediment Quality
SIMPLIFIED MODEL CONCERNING CHANGES IN SEDIMENT QUALITY
Sweeney, R.A., and R.K. Wyeth
Based on a one-year study of a one hundred square-mile
(approximately 260 km?) area in Lake Erie, off Cleveland,
a simplified chemical model was developed as an aid to
understanding changes in sediment quality with time.
Oils were included among the parameters considered in
the model. The model was found to be of value in explaining
the distribution of benthos in the study area and may be
applicable to other Great Lakes regions.
FFI contact Conference Coordinator, 19th Annual Great Lakes
Conference, P.O. Box 4123, U.S. Post Office, 1200 William St.,
Buffalo, N.Y. 14240
May 10-13 American Petroleum Institute Refining Department Midyear
Meeting, 41st, Los Angeles, California 1976.
Emphasis of the meeting was on energy conservation in the use
and refining of petroleum products and the petroleum industry's
responses to the need for conserving energy and resources.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session on Conservation of Products in Nonautomotive Applications,
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Preprint 30-76
RE-REFINING: ECONOMICALLY ATTRACTIVE WAY TO CONSERVE LUBE
OIL
Cutler, E.T.
The need to recycle waste automotive lubricating oil and
similar waste oils is discussed and the present disincentives
to recycling are reviewed. Economic and technical details of
a new re-refining process, the PVH(propane-vacuum-hydrogen)
process, are presented; advantages of the PVH process over
other waste oil treatments and virgin lube oil refining are
outlined.
Session on Conservation in Refinery Environmental Control
Preprint 32-76
COST-EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF A PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENT
Crame, L.W.
Texaco recently conducted a series of studies at its West
Tulsa, Oklahoma refinery to develop a cost-effective method
for treating and disposing of refinery wastewaters. The
paper details the scope of these studies and discusses the
technological and economic options available for refinery
wastewater treatment modification. On the basis of the
studies, conversion to a rotating disk biological treatment
system coupled with several modifications, such as improve-
ment of the oil-water separation system, was recommended
and implemented.
Session on Advances in Processing
Preprint 40-76
FLEXICOKING—CLEAN PRODUCTS FROM DIRTY FEEDS
Griffel, J., G.E. Phillips, and J.C. Spry
A recently developed thermal cracking process called FLEXI-
COKING is capable of converting undesirable high-metal,
high sulfur, residual petroleum crudes into clean petroleum
products and environmentally acceptable fuel gases. The
paper describes and discusses the process, its economics,
and its broad applicability to low-grade feedstocks.
Conference Proceedings available ($15.00 per set) from API
Publications and Distribution Section, 2101 L St,Northwest,
Washington, D.C. 20037
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May 12-14 Offshore Impacts of South Atlantic OCS Development, Savannah,
Georgia, 1976.
Sponsored by the Coastal Plains Marine Center.
The conference examined the onshore impact of South Atlantic
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and natural gas development.
Topics covered included oil industry impacts, economic effects,
ecological impacts, secondary and tertiary impacts, the legal
framework and intergovernmental relations, and the role of the
citizen.
FFI contact Mr. Hans Heuhauser, Director of the Coastal Office
of the Georgia Conservancy, 4405 Paulsen St., Savannah, GA 31405
May 24-28 Offshore Wales Exhibition and Conference, Cardiff, Wales, 1976.
The conference promoted and reported gas and oil development
activities in the offshore Wales (Celtic Sea) region. Papers
covered various aspects of offshore exploration and production,
offshore technology, and environmental control.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session on Offshore Maintenance Engineering and Environ-
mental Control
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
Nelson-Smith, A., and J.M. Baker
OIL POLLUTION CONTROL IN MILFORD HAVEN
Sulivan, J.
Conference proceedings available at L5 per set from Dr. E.G.
Hellewell, Department of Mineral Exploitation, University
College, P.O. Box 97, Cardiff CF1 1XP, Wales, U.K.
May 31- Clean Air and Water Exhibition, U.S. Trade Center, Sydney,
June 4 Australia, 1976.
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Commerce.
This trade exhibition included a technical seminar featuring
the latest in U.S. pollution abatement and monitoring technology.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
OIL SPILL RECOVERY PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
Medicus, J.M.
The Oil Mop, Inc. harbor oil spill recovery systems and
theoretical open sea recovery techniques, oil/water separators
and barge/ship cleaning procedures are described.
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The company's spill recovery system is based on a patented,
oil-absorbent,water repellent rope mop manufactured in
lengths up to about 460 m. After absorption, the rope is
pulled through squeegee rollers to squeeze out the oil.
Recovery rates of about 400 barrels per hour are reported.
The company is based in Belle Chasse, La. 70037.
FFI contact Irwin D. Nathanson, Australasia; Office of Inter-
national Marketing, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington,
D.C. 20230
June 6-9 Chemical Conference and Exposition, 59th, London, Ontario, 1976.
Cosponsored by the Chemical Institute of Canada and the Spectro-
scopy Society of Canada
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Analytical Chemistry Division
Session I: Environmental analysis
AN-3
APPLICATIONS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS:
SOURCES OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
Sakuma, I., W.K. Dukolke, 0. Meresz, and D. Robinson.
AN-4
DETERMINATION OF TRACE QUANTITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
IN WATER
Smith, L.S.
Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering, Environmental
Affairs Group
Session III: Chemicals in the Environment
EN-1
THE FATE OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC
Mackay, D.
Session VIII: Environmental Impact and Cost-Benefit Studies
EN-10
CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Brydon, J.E.
Conference abstracts are available ($10.00 per set) from the
Chemical Institute of Canada, 151 Slater St., 906 Ottawa,
Ontario KIP SH3, Canada
265
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June 14-18 IOC/WMO Workshop on Marine Pollution (Petroleum) Monitoring,
2nd, Monaco, 1976.
Cosponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.
The objectives of the second workshop were to 1) review and
evaluate the progress made during the first year of the IGOSS
Pilot Project on Marine Pollution (Petroleum) Monitoring
(3-7 May, 1976); 2) to obtain scientific advice related to
improvement of the present Pilot Project through lectures and
panel discussions at the workshop; and 3) to consider possible
options for further development of the Pilot Project.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
INPUT OF OIL AND ITS SUBSEQUENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Levy, E.M.
"The inputs of petroleum to the marine environment and
the pathways by which it is distributed are discussed
briefly. Existing concentration levels in each of the
marine reservoirs are considered in detail, with particular
emphasis on the distribution of tar on the surface of the
ocean and of dissolved/dispersed petroleum residues in the
water column."
THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATES OF PETROLEUM IN MARINE WATERS
Morris, B.
Environmental processes which result in alteration and
elimination of crude crl I after spillage are detailed.
Evaporation and solution are initially the most important
processes and can remove up to 60% of the hydrocarbons of
crude oils within a few days. The slower weathering
processes, including photooxidation, chemical (auto-)
oxidation, and microbial degradation then become dominant.
These oxidative processes are most effective with dispersed
oils, followed by thin surface films, oil in water emulsions,
surface slicks, and tar lumps. Beaching, sinking, and
physical disintegration are the fates of residual, inert,
asphaltene hydrocarbons in the environment.
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL
Stegeman, J.C.
Research trends since 1970 are discussed in regard to the
following aspects of oil pollution: 1) Bioaccumulation of
hydrocarbons with emphasis on mechanisms and pharmacokinetics;
2) The acute and chronic effects of various oils, their
266
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specific components, and oil dispersants on the metabolism
and physiology of various faunal and floral assemblages;
and 3) The mechanisms and effects of hydrocarbon metabolism.
In addition, the paper identifies necessary areas for future
research efforts.
SAMPLING, METHODOLOGY, INSTRUMENTATION AND STANDARDS FOR
PETROLEUM ANALYSIS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Zsolnay, A.
Various procedures used in the detection and monitoring of
oil pollutants are discussed. Emphasis is placed on compre-
hensive proceudres which give the greatest return for
expendable efforts in any particular analysis. Methods
used in sampling, extraction, concentration and quantifi-
cation are reviewed. The problem of calibration among the
many analytical laboratories around the world is also covered.
A report of the workshop is available through The Secretary-
General, World Meteorological Organization, CH-1211.
Sponsored by the European Federation of Chemical Engineering.
June 20-26 ACHEMA '76--Chemical Engineering Exhibition-Congress, Frankfurt/
Main, Federal Republic of Germany, 1976
Sporsored by the European Federation of Chemical Engineering.
The congress featured a comprehensive program of scientific
and technical topics, including new developments in several
phases of pollution control.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session on Waste Gases, Wastewater, Refuse and Recycling,
Noise
ELIMINIERUNG VON LIPOPHILEN BELASTUNGSSTOFFEN BEI DER
WASSER AUFBEREITUNG (ELIMINATION OF LIPOPHILIC CONTAMI-
NANTS DURING THE RECLAMATION OF WATER)
Weil, L., K.E. Quentin, and H. Berger
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR WIRTSCHAFTLICHEN UNO SCHADLOSEN
BESEITIGUNG VON ALTEMULSIONEN UNO OLHALTIGEN SPULWASSERN
ZWEIER KALTWALZWERKE. (INVESTIGATIONS BEARING ON THE
ECONOMICAL AND SAFE DISPOSAL OF SPENT EMULSIONS AND OILY
WASH WATERS FROM TWO COLD ROLLING MILLS)
Steinbach, G., H. Kroener, and W. Meininghaus
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EMULSIONSTRENNUNG DURCH THERMISCHE BEHANDLUN6 ODER ULTRA-
FILTRATION UNO KOMBINIERT (DEMULSIFICATION OF EMULSIONS
BY THERMAL TREATMENT AND/OR ULTRAFILTRATION)
Knobloch, H.
FFI contact National Chemical Exposition, 86 E. Randolph St.,
Chicago, IL 60601
June 20-24 American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Savannah,
Georgia, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session II: Fate of Organic Pollutants
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN ESTUARINE WATERS
Lee, R.F., and H.W. Paerl
EFFECTS OF THE WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF PETROLEUM
ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND PHOSPHODIESTERASE FROM
CYCLQTELLA MENEGHINIANA
Fehler, S.W.G., and J.A. Calder
OIL POLLUTION: EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL AND FUEL OILS ON
MICROALGAE
Batterton, J.C., K. Winters, and C. Van Baalen
FFI contact Dr. J.F. McGowan, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography,
55 W. Bluff Rd., Savannah GA 31402
June 27-30 The Third National Conference on Complete WateReuse: Symbiosis
as a Means of Abatement for Multi-Media Pollution, Cincinnati,
Ohio, 1976.
The main theme of the conference was to explore and promote
possible symbiotic relationships between disparate entities
such as industries, municipalities, farms and institutions
which generate liquid wastes, and those that can recycle or
utilize waste products.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
8th Plenary Session: Reverse Osmosis and Ion Exchange
CONCENTRATION OF OILY AND LATEX WASTEWATERS USING ULTRA-
FILTRATION INORGANIC MEMBRANES
Bansal, I.K.
The paper discusses pilot-plant and laboratory results
of the use of inorganic ultrafiltration membranes for
268
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concentrating oil and other substances in wastewaters.
By using ultrafiltration techniques, the need for and cost
of disposing of these wastewaters is greatly reduced.
10th Plenary Session: Power
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF COMBUSTION PROCESSES FOR
INDUSTRIAL-MUNICIPAL SYMBIOSIS IN REFUSE DISPOSAL
Reed, J.C., J.D. Cobb, and J.C. Ting
The paper is in part a discussion of some environmental
aspects of the use of refuse, such as sewage sludge and
waste oil, as fuels in municipal and industrial applications.
FFI concerning the conference proceedings contact Mr. Lawrence
K. Cecil, Conference Program Chair.,418 Lincoln Building, 44
Main Street, Champaign, IL 61820
June 28- World Congress on Chemical Engineering, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1976.
July 1 Cosponsored by the European Federation of Chemical Engineering
and the Interamerican Confederation of Chemical Engineering.
The theme,"Chemical Engineering in a Changing World'i sought
to direct chemical engineering research and development
activities toward resolving main world problem areas, including
environmental pollution.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session B3: Loss Prevention
DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES
Buschmann, C.H.
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE HYDROCARBON OXIDATION STUDY GROUP
Kletz, T.A.
RESEARCH IN LOSS PREVENTION
Joschek, H.I.
EFFECTIVE SOFTWARE IN LOSS PREVENTION (E.G. PROCEDURES,
TRAINING AND ORGANIZATION)
Kolodner, H.J.
Session A5: Environment and Human Activities
ADVANCED TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS
Eckenfelder, W.W.
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Session B7: Distillation, Absorption and Extraction
FRACTIONATING PROCESSES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Billet, R.
Conference proceedings are available from Elsevier Scientific
Publishing Company, P.O. Box 330, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
28- Session of the Working Committee for the Global Investigation
July 3 of Pollution in the Marine Environment, Hamburg, Federal Republic
of Germany, 1976.
FFI contact Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Place
de Fonteney, 75700 Paris, France
July 12-16 CICAR-I Symposium: Progress in Marine Research in the Caribbean
and Adjacent Regions, Caracas, Venezuela, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
GUIDELINES FOR REGIONAL BASELINE STUDIES OF CONTAMINANTS
IN COASTAL AREAS
Mandelli, E.F.
Guidelines have been formulated for organizing regional
baseline studies of offshore contaminant inputs such as
petroleum. The scope of such studies should include the
detection and control of contaminants not considered
dangerous at present levels.
RELATIONSHIP OF SCARLET PRAWN (PLESIOPENAEUS EDWARDSIANUS)
TO A BENTHIC OIL DEPOSIT OFF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF ARUBA,
DUTCH WEST INDIES
Thompson, H.C., Jr., R.N. Farragut, and M.H. Thompson
During research cruises of the FRV OREGON II in 1970 and
1973, substantially larger quantities of scarlet prawns
were found in areas of abenthicoil deposit than in adjacent
unpolluted ocean floor. Chemical analysis indicates that
in the areas of oil the prawns contained abnormally high
quantities of an unusual N-paraffin hydrocarbon series.
A probable explanation for the greater abundance of crusta-
ceans in the oil polluted areas is discussed.
A BASELINE STUDY ON THE LEVELS OF SOME CONTAMINANTS IN
TERMINOS LAGOON, CAMPECHE, MEXICO
Botello, A.V., E. Hicks, and E.F. Mandelli
Pollution studies were conducted for heavy metals, and
biogenic and fossil hydrocarbons present in the seawater
270
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sediments and marine organisms of a coastal lagoon near
Campeche, Mexico. The lagoon was chosen as a preindustrial-
ization model for comparison with other coastal lagoons.
The analysis of hydrocarbons in the sediments was found to
be useful in delineating areas affected by harbor activities.
FFI concerning proceedings contact Harris B. Stewart, J.,
Chairman CICAR-II Steering Committee, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic
and Meteorological Laboratories, 15 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami,
FL 33149
*Aug. 9-11 Symposium on Sources, Effects and Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the
Aquatic Environment, American University, Washington, D.C. 1976.
FFI contact the American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1401
Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209
*Aug. 9-12 Environmental Management of the Coastal Zone Seminar, Drexel
University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1976.
The seminar will include papers relevant to environment aspects
of oil.
Published proceedings are available at $25.00 per set from Dr.
R.B. Newman, Director, Continuing Professional Education, Drexel
University, 32nd and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19104
*Aug. 29- American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry,
Sept. 3 172nd, San Francisco, California, 1976.
FFI contact ACS Meetings Department, 1155 16th St. Northwest,
Washington, D.C. 20036
Sept. 13-15 OCEANS '76, Washington, D.C., 1976.
Sponsored by the Marine Technology Society and the IEEE Council
on Oceanic Engineering.
The theme of OCEANS '76, "Ocean Imperatives", emphasizes the
critical impact of oceans on the quality of life on earth.
The technical program presents recent contributions to the
knowledge of oceans by marine science and technology, and seeks
to promote cooperative international efforts in protecting and
conserving oceans and ocean resources.
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Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 7: Economic Potential
Paper 7C
GEORGES BANK PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT AND THE COMMERCIAL
FISHING INDUSTRY
Grigalunas, T.A., and J.G. Sutinen
Summary not available.
Session 12: Water Quality/Pollution Control
Paper 12C
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE
LOCKHEED DISC-DRUM OIL SLICK RECOVERY DEVICE
Chung, J.S., and C.E. Rudiger
The paper presents an evaluation of the oil recovery per-
formance of "Clean Sweep", Lockheed's High Seas Oil Recovery
System (HORS) which was developed under U.S. Coast Guard
contract. Parameters considered in the analysis of full-
scale and model-scale units are oil properties, sea states,
relative current velocities, optimum disc rotation rate for
maximum recovery, and the rate of oil feeding into the disc.
More than 100 "Clean Sweep" devices have been tested in
sheltered water to open sea conditions, and their recovery
rates are nearly 3800 liters/minute with less than 5 percent
water content.
Paper 12F
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL-WATER POLLUTION MONITOR
Tyler, B.D., and T.M. Houlihan
"The prototype of an automatic oil pollution monitor using
a Direct Difference Method of Total Organic Carbon Determina-
tion was built and tested. Using this monitor, it was possible
to specify the concentration of any oil, independent of type,
in.a known water sample. In the final phases of the study,
preliminary investigations on oil concentration determinations
in bilge water were initiated."
FFI concerning conference proceedings contact Mary Ann Paturis,
Marine Technology Society, 1730 M St. Northwest, Washington D.C.,
20036
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Sept. 13-24 Joint Oceanographic Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1976.
The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research Symposium includes
topics on the history of oceans, ocean circulation and marine
life, natural variations in the marine environment, man and
the sea, ocean engineering, minerals and petroleum, and others.
FFI contact The Organizing Committee, Joint Oceanographic
Assembly 1976, c/o The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 22 George
St., Edinburgh EH2 2PQ, Scotland, U.K.
Sept. 14-18 Aquatech '76 Exposition and Conference, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands, 1976.
Aquatech '76 is one of the world's largest water equipment
exhibitions and will include products and information on water
purification and water pollution control equipment and technology.
FFI contact Mr. George Ruffner, U.S. Department of Commerce
OIM/BIC, Room 1015, Washington, D.C. 20230
*Sept. 21-24 Offshore North Sea Technology Conference and Exhibition, 2nd,
Stavanger, Norway, 1976.
FFI contact NOROIL Publishing House, Conference Department,
P.O. Box 480, 4001 Stavanger, Norway
Sept. 21-25 lOPEC-International Oil Pollution Prevention Exhibition and
Conference, 1st, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 1976.
IOPEC Exhibition will be held in conjunction with the Inter-
national Ship, Machinery and Marine Technology Exhibition
and Congress. The exhibition will focus on systems of pre-
vention of oil and chemical pollution at sea and in coastal
and inland waters. There will be products and information
on the following subjects: research and development;
consultation, expecially for land spills; absorbents,
including absorbent booms; chemical dispersants; oil booms;
spray systems; tank cleaning agents and equipment; vacuum
trucks; special purpose trailers for booms and accessory
equipment; skimmers ranging from small, portable units to
large size units; special purpose craft, various types of
pumps; oil-water separators; effluent monitors; spill
detection and monitoring devices; training courses; and
engineering support and services.
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The IOPEC Conference (Sept. 24, 1976) will feature 8 papers
that will analyze and discuss: (1) disasters in the open
ocean such as collision at sea, oil rig and pipeline leaks
(control would be primarily by spray techniques); and (2)
control of coastal and inland waterways disasters by spray,
boom and mechanical collection devices.
FFI contact IOPEC, Dorothy Mills, P.O. Box 428, South
Norwalk, CT 06856
Sept. 27- International Ocean Development Exhibition, 4th, Tokyo, Japan,
Oct. 1 1976.
Sponsored by the Japan Management Association.
The exhibition will include presentations on prevention and
control of marine pollution.
FFI contact The Secretariat, International Ocean Development
Conference and Exhibition, c/o Japan Management Association,
1-22 3-chrome, Shiba-Koen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, Japan
Oct. 3-6 Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, 26th, Toronto,
Ontario, 1976.
The conference will include topics on energy sources, conser-
vation in processing industries, and environmental aspects of
wastewater treatment practices in the petroleum, petrochemical
and other industries.
FFI contact E.H. Nenninger, Hatch Associates, 21 St. Clair
East, Toronto, Ontario M4T 1L9, Canada
Oct. 3-8 Water Pollution Control Federation Conference, 49th, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, 1976.
Topics to be covered include marine pollution and hazards,
prevention and cleanup, large tankers and potential oil spills,
and arctic transport of oil.
FFI contact Robert Canham, WPCF Executive Secretary, 3900
Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D.C. 20016
''Oct. 4-7 American Petroleum Institute, Refining Department Autumn
Meeting, Chase Park Plaza, St. Louis, Missouri, 1976.
FFI contact the Refining Department, American Petroleum
Institute, 2101 L St. Northwest, Washington, D.C. 20027
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Oct. 17-22 International Conference of the International Association
on Water Pollution Research, 8th, Sydney, Australia
Range of topics to be discussed include estuarine pollution
surveys, pollution from oil and offshore materials resources
development, and industrial wastes and petrochemicals.
Workshop sessions will review progress and discuss current
problems in water resource quality management, marine and
estuarine waste disposal, ultimate disposal of solid and
liquid wastes, and land surface and subsurface disposal of
wastewaters.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
No. 15
SEDIMENTATION OF DISPERSED OIL IN SURFACE WATERS
Thuer, M., and W. Stumm
No. 48
MEASUREMENT AND TREATMENT OF OIL AND GREASE IN PETROLEUM
AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS
Tischler, L.F., R.L. Elton, III, and D.L, Ford
No. 58
DEVELOPMENT OF A RAPID FISH TOXICITY TEST UTILIZAING A
FREEZE CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE FOR ROUTINE PETROLEUM
REFINERY WASTEWATER MONITORING
Birchard, E.C.
FFI contact the Office of the Secretariat, Box 2609 G.P.O.,
Sydney, New South Wales 2001, Australia. Conference proceedings
available from Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, U.K.
*0ct. 26-20 Antipollution '76, Milan, Italy, 1976.
FFI contact Presidence, Comis, Via Boccaccio 7, 20123 Milan,
Italy
Nov. 2-4 Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Ecosystems
and Organisms, Seattle, Washington, 1976.
Sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and NOAA's
Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program.
The symposium will focus on the distribution and effects of
petroleum hydrocarbons in marine ecosystems, especially in the
cold-water regimes of arctic to subarctic latitudes. Papers
will be presented on physical distribution and transport of
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petroleum in the marine environment, biological accumulation,
turnover and metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine
organisms, and acute toxicity and sublethal effects of petro-
leum exposure to marine organisms.
FFI contact D.A. Wolfe, Symposium Coordinator, NOAA OCS
Environmental Assessment Program, Rx4, Boulder, CO 80302
*Nov. 9-11 International Pollution and Engineering Exposition and Congress,
5th, Anaheim Convention Center, California, 1976.
This will be the first major exhibition and congress in the
environmental field to be produced on the West Coast.
FFI contact Clapp and Poliak, Inc., 245 Park Ave.s New York,
NY 10017
*Nov. 15-20 Environmental Pollution Control Exhibition 1976 (ENPOCON),
National Exhibition Center, Birmingham, U.K., 1976.
FFI contact Howard Phillips, Brintex Exhibitions Ltd.,
178-202 Great Portland St., London WIN 6NH, England
*Nov. 24-26 Coastal Society, Conference, 1st, Washington, D.C., 1976.
The topic of the conference will be outer continental shelf
oil leasing policies.
FFI contact the Coastal Society, P.O. Box 34405, Bethesda, MD
20034
March 8-10 Conference on the Prevention, Behavior, Control and Cleanup
1977 of Oil Pollution, 5th, New Orleans, 1977.
Jointly sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute, U.S.
.Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Coast Guard.
The conference will feature 90 papers which stress training
procedures, operational case histories, pollution prevention,
and the development of new techniques for use in inland,
coastal, deepwater, and arctic oil spill control operations.
FFI contact Dr. Charles C. Bates, Program Chairman-1977 Oil
Spill Conference, U.S. Coast Guard (G-DS/62, TRANSPOINT),
Washington, D.C. 20590
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MASTER LIST OF KEYWORDS
S: See
SA: See also
Absorption
Activated sludge
Adriatic Sea
Adsorption
Aegean Sea
Africa
Alaska
Alaska coast
Alaska, Gulf of
Algae SA:Phytoplankton
Analytical techniques SA:
Chemical analysis; Source identifi-
cation
Annelids
Antarctica
Arabian Sea
Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Aromatic hydrocarbons sb:
SA:Hydrocarcons
Asia
Atlantic coast
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Bacteria
Bahamas
Ballast
Baltic Sea
Bantry Bay
Beaches
Beaufort Sea
Bengal, Bay of
Benthos
Bering Sea
Bibliographies
Bi1ges
Biodegradation
Biological effects SArToxicity
Biomass
Birds
Biscay, Bay of
Black Sea
Blowout prevention
Booms
Brazil
California
California coast
Canada
Carcinogens SA;Health
hazards; Aromatic hydrocarbons
Carribean Sea
Caspian Sea
Chedabucto Bay
Chemical analysis SA:
Analytical techniques; Source
identification
Chemical effects
Chesapeake Bay
Chile
China
Chromatography
Cleanup SA:Recovery;
Containment
Coagulation
Coalescence
Coasts
Connecticut
Conservation
Containment
Contaminants
Contamination
Contingency planning
Crankcase oil
Crude oil
Crustaceans
Delaware
Delaware Bay
Denmark
Design and engineering
Detection SA:Monitoring;
Chemical analysis
Dispersants
Dispersions
Disposal
Distillation
Drift SA:Movement; Spreading
Drilling SA:Offshore drilling;
Oil wells
Ecosystems
Ecuador
Effluent treatment S:
Wastewater treatment
EIS
277
-------
Emu!sification
Emulsifiers
Emulsions
Engineering S:Design and
engineering
English Channel
Entrainment
Environmental deterioration
Environmental effects
Environmental impact statements ....
S:EIS
Environmental management
Environmental protection
Estuaries
Europe
Evaporation
Exploration SA:Offshore
exploration; Production
Extraction
Filtration SA:Flocculation
Finland
Fishes
Fisheries
Flocculation SAiFiltration
Florida
Florida coast
Food web
Foreign governments
Fossil fuels
France
Freshwater
Fuel oil
Fungi
Gas, liquid chromatography
S:Chromatography
Gasoline
Georgia
Germany, East
Germany, West
Gibraltar, Strait of
Government agencies SArU.S.
Government; State governments
Great Britain
Great Lakes
Groundwater
Guidelines SArManuals
Habitat
Harbors
Health hazards SA:Carcinogens
Hydrocarbons SA: Aromatic
hydrocarbons; Crude oil
Incineration
India
Indian Ocean
Indonesia
Industries SA:Petroleum
industry
Information systems
Infrared spectroscopy S:
Spectrescopy
Inland
Insurance
International agreements
International conventions
SA:Regulations; Legislation
Invertebrates
Iran
Iraq
Irish Republic
Israel
Italy
Japan
Japan, Sea of
Korea
Kuwait
Labrador Sea
Lakes SA: Great Lakes
Latin America
Law enforcement
Leakage
Legislation SA:Regulations;
International conventions
Liability
Load-on-top
Louisiana
Lubricating oil
Magellan, Strait of
Maine
Manuals SA: Guidelines
Marine mammals
Marine organisms
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mass spectroscopy S: Spectres copy
Mediterranean Sea
Metula oil spill
Mexico
Mexico, Gulf of
Microorganisms SA:Algae;
Bacteria; Fungi; Yeasts
Middle East
Models
278
-------
Mollusks
Monitoring SA:Detection;
Remote sensing; Sampling
Movement SA:Spreading; Drift
Natural seepage
Netherlands
Neuston
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Niche
North Carolina
North Sea
North Vietnam
Norway
Norwegian Sea
OCS
Offshore development . . . SA:Offshore
drilling, exploration, production
Offshore exploration . . . SArOffshore
drilling, development
Offshore pipelines .... SArOil
transport
Offshore production . . . .SArOffshore
development, drilling
Offshore drilling SArOffshore
development, exploration, production
Oil S:Crude oil; Fuel oil
Lubricating oil; Crankcase oil; Waste
oil
Oil discharges
Oil fields SA:Production
Oil-gas leasing
Oil shale
Oil shale development
Oil slicks
Oil spills
Oil transfer
Oil transport
Oil-water separation SA:Waste
water treatment
Oil wells SA:Drilling; Produc-
tion; Offshore drilling; Offshore
production
Okhostsk, Sea of
Oregon
Outer Continental Shelf S:OCS
Oxidation SA:Biodegradation;
Weathering
Pacific Ocean
Personnel training
Petroleum S:Crude oil
Petrochemicals
Petroleum industry
PH control
Philippines
Physical effects
Phytoplankton
Pipelines SArOffshore
pipelines
Plankton SArPhytoplankton;
Zooplankton
Plants
Pollution prevention SA:
Environmental protection; Contin-
gency planning
Ports
Precipitation
Production SArOffshore
production; Drilling; Offshore
drilling
Prudhoe Bay
Puerto Rico
Puget Sound
Reclamation SA:Recycling;
Reuse
Recovery SArCleanup
Recycling SA:Reclamation;
Reuse
Red Sea
Refineries
Refining
Regulations SA:Legislation;
International Conventions
Remote Sensing SA: Mom'to ring;
Detection
Resource management
Restoration
Reuse SA:Reclamation;
Recycling
Rhine River
Rhode Island
Rivers
Ross Sea
Sampling SArMonitoring;
Detection
Sari Francisco Bay
Santa Barbara Channel
Sargasso Sea
Saudi Arabia
279
-------
Seawater Waste oil SA:Waste oil
Sedimentation disposal, treatment
Sediments Waste oil disposal
Segregated Ballast Waste oil treatment
Ships Wastewater SA:Wastewater
Shorelines disposal, treatment
Sinking agents Wastewater disposal
Skimmers Wastewater treatment
Sludge Water quality
Social effects Weathering
Socio-economic effects Weddell Sea
Soil West Indies
Solid waste Wildlife
Solubility Yeasts
Solution Zooplankton
Solvents
Source identification
South Carolina
Southern California
Spain
Spectrometry
Spectroscopy
Spreading SA:Movement; Drift
St. Lawrence River
Standing Crop
State Governments SA:U.S.
Government; Government agencies
Statistical analysis
Statistics
Storage
Streams
Supertankers S:Tankers
Surfactants
Sweden
Syria
Tankers
Tar
Tar sands
Texas
Torrey Canyon
Toxicity SA:Biological effects
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
U.S. Government SA:State
government; Government agencies
USSR
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virginia
Washington
280
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
THE SUBJECT INDEX IS A PERMUTED INDEX THAT LISTS
ALPHABETICALLY THE KEYWORDS AND CORRESPONDING
CITATION NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH ABSTRACT IN
SECTION I. A DESCRIPTOR PRECEDED BY "*" FURTHER
DESCRIBES THE ABSTRACT BUT IS NOT LISTED
ALPHABETICALLY IN THE INDEX.
C-1334-76
C-1335-76
C-1337-76
C-1341-76
C-1344-76
C-1345-76
C-1346-76
C-1349-76
C-1359-76
C-1364-76
C-1381-76
C-1382-76
C-1393-76
C-1395-76
C-1399-76
C-1342-76
C-1415-76
C-1419-76
C-1528-76
C-1529-76
C-1536-76
C-1482-76
C-1509-76
C-1388-76
C-1402-76
C-1467-76
C-1471-76
C-1482-76
SPILLS,
SPILLS,
ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY
ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
MICROORGANISMS,
ABSORPTION, RECOVERY
ENGINEERING
ABSORPTION, RECOVERY, OIL
ABSORPTION, RECOVERY, OIL
ENGINEERING,
ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
ABSORPTION, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS,
ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
POLYURETHANE FOAMS,
ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY
OIL SPILLS
BIODEGRADATION
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
DESIGN AND
*POLYURETHANE CHIPS
*OLEOPHILIC
, *URETHANE FOAM,
, WASTE OIL, SHIPS,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, *PEAT
REUSE, WASTE OIL,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
OIL SPILLS, *COTTON
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
CRUDE OIL,
RECOVERY
*FERROMAGNETIC
COAGULATION,
OIL-WATER
ABSORPTION, RECOVERY
*LIPOPHILIC FIBERS,
ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS,
FIBERS,
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
WASTES,
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
SORBENTS,
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
SEPARATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
ABSORPTION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, *BLOCK COPOLYMER
FIBERS,
ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION
ACTIVATED SLUDGE, ADSORPTION, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
REFINERIES,
ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
PETROCHEMICALS, ADSORPTION,
ADSORPTION, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, *BAGASSE,
ADSORPTION, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, OIL SPILLS,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
ADSORPTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
ADSORPTION, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, REFINERIES, ACTIVATED
SLUDGE,
281
-------
C-1485-76
C-1U86-76
C-1U92-76
C-149U-76
C-1506-76
C-1508- 76
C-151U-76
C-1520-76
C-1521-76
C-1538-76
C-1627-76
C-1630-76
C-1669-76
C-1267-76
C-1240-76
C-12U1-76
C-1214-76
01278-76
C-1285-76
C-1289-76
C-1427-76
C-1561-76
C-1620-76
C-1623-76
C-1626-76
C-1638-76
C-1654-76
01578-76
C-1581-76
C-1584-76
ADSORPTION, HASTIHATER TREATMENT, RECOVERY,
HYDROCARBONS,
ADSORPTION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, *FOAM PELLETS,
ADSORPTION* MAS1EMATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
ADSORPTION, HASIEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
ADSORPTION, REFINERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING, FILTRATION,
ADSORPTION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
ADSORPTION, HASTEHATEH TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS,
*ACTIVA1ED CAREON,
ADSORPTION, HASTEBATER TREATMENT, OIL-dATER SEPARATION,
*BAGNETIC FE PARTICLES,
ADSORPTION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
ADSORPTION, HASIEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-MATER SEPARATION,
ALASKA, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS,
ALASKA, OIL-GAS LEASING, BERING SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
ALASKA, BIODEGRACATION, EMULSIFICATION, MICROORGANISMS,
ARCTIC,
ALASKA COAST, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
ALASKA/GOLF OF, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, *GLACIAL
RETREAT,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT,
SPREADING,
ALASKA/GULF OF, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, OIL HELLS,
ALASKA/GOLF OF, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, *BASELIN3 STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, OCS,
OIL SPILLS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CLEANUP, *PORT OF VALDEZ,
ALASKA/GOLF OF, OIL-GAS LEASING, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, ALGAE,
ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
ALGAE, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
PHYTOPLANKTON,
282
-------
C-1591-76
01255-76
01283-76
01286-76
01286-76
01288-76
01291-76
01292-76
01294-76
01295-76
01296-76
C-1298-76
C-1299-76
01304-76
01308-76
01310-76
01317-76
01675-76
01703-76
01586-76
01305-76
01589-76
C-1606-76
01681-76
01619-76
01638-76
01685-76
ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, * NAPHTHALENE,
FRESHHATER, *CHLAMYDOMONAS ANGULOSA,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS,
SASTEMATEH, REFINERIES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROSCOPY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEHICAL ANALYSIS,
CHBOMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEHICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SOLVENTS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROHATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
CARCINOGENS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
SPECTROMETRY, "INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOHETRY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
HYDROCARBONS, RIVERS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROHATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
DETECTION,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTBOMETRY,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL
SPILLS, CHHOMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, SAMPLING,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL
SPILLS, OIL SLICKS, WEATHERING, SAMPLING,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, FUELS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
PRODUCTION, LOUISIANA, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIODEGRADATION, PETROCHEMICALS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION,
WEATHERING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ANNELIDS, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, *NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
AROMATIC HYDROCABBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, *AQUATIC
SYSTEMS
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH
HAZARDS, CRUDE OIL,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OIL-GAS LEASING, BIS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
ATLANTIC COAST, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA,
SEDIMENTS,
283
-------
C-1711-76 ATLANTIC COAST, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, DELAWARE,
NEH JERSEY,
C-1523-76 BACTERIA, TANKERS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, BALLAST,
EMULSIFICATION,
C-1666-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGHADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS,
C-1667-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
C-1671-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGBADATION, CRUDE OIL, RIVERS, SEDIMENT,
*ACINETOBACTER,
01672-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS,
CRUDE OIL, FUNGI,
C-1677-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS,
STREAMS, *ARTHBOBACTER SP., *MYCOBACTBRIUH SP.,
C-1678-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
MICROORGANISMS,
C-1679-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, NORTH CAROLINA,
*THERMCMICROBIUM FOSTERI SP. NOV.,
01680-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, GREAT LAKES , MODELS,
01682-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, *HEXADECANE, JAPAN, *TOKYO BAY,
01685-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
ATLANTIC COAST,
01686-76 BACTERIA, BIODEGBADATION, MICROORGANISMS, YEASTS,
C-1687-76
C-1688-76
C-1690-76
C-1691-76
V**Nf*M*tA**f ***v*#***x»*««»»»-»«^*»lwr'«^ M^-w^wMWvatv^ft^ta^p » W *» »«r * «MT ^
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, SEDIMENTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, LAKES, "NUTRIENT LIMITATIONS,
*TEMEERATURE,
BAHAMAS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS, PORTS, OIL
SPILLS,
C-1U3U-76
C-1702
,
C-1254-76 BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, DETECTION
C-1U52-76
C-1M80-76 BALLAST, DESIGN ANC ENGINEERING, UASTBWATER TREATM
SHIPS, BILGES,
C-U95-76 BALLAST, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL DISCHARGES,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, *OIL LOADING TERMINAL,
C-1523-76 BALLAST, TANKERS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, BACTERIA,
EMULSIFICATICN,
LTIC SEA, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NTRY BAY, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL
SPILLS,
-76 BAHAMAS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS,
CANACA,
-76 BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, DETECT,
GUARD,
BALLAST, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
BALLAST, DESIGN ANC ENGINEERING, UASTBWATER TREATMENT,
SHIPS, BILGES,
C-1603-76 BALTIC
C-1422
, ,
BANTRY BAY, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, OIL SEILLS,
76 BEAUFORT SEA, Oil SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
76 BEAUFORT SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, COASTS, 'GEOLOGIC STUDIES,
DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA,
284
-------
C-1622-76
C-1630-76
C-1633-76
C-1333-76
C-1606-76
C-1673-76
C-1700-76
C-1735-76
C-1738-76
C-1739-76
C-1371-76
C-1448-76
C-U65-76
C-1466-76
C-1468-76
C-1480-76
C-1519-76
C-1732-76
C-1335-76
C-1390-76
C-1420-76
C-1665-76
C-1666-76
C-1667-76
C-1668-76
C-1669-76
C-1670-76
C-1671-76
C-1672-76
C-1673-76
BERING SEA, OIL-GAS LEASING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS.
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
BERING SEA, OII-GAS LEASING, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
BERING SEA, OII-GAS LEASING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
BIBLIOGFAPHIES, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCS,
ARCTIC,
BIBLIOGEAPHIES, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS , BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS,
MICROORGANISMS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
CLEANUP, DECOMPOSITION,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
COASTS, INDONESIA,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, EIODEGRADATION, DECOMPOSITION, OIL
SPILLS, CLEANUP,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
BILGES, *DETEHGENTS, EMULSIFICATION,
BILGES, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS, OIL SPILLS,
HAS1EHA1ER TREATMENT, EIS,
BILGES, WASTEMATER TREATMENT, OIL-iATBR SEPARATION,
BILGES, HAST1HATER TREATMENT, TANKEBS,
BILGES, WASTEWATEH TREATMENT, SHIPS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
BILGES, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, HASTEiATER TREATMENT,
SHIPS, BALLAST,
BILGES, HASTEHA7ER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FILTRATION,
BILGES, LEGISLATION, GREAT BRITAIN, ESTUARIES, OIL
DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
BIODEGBADATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
MICROORGANISMS,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSIONS, SURFACTANTS,
^ILLUMINATION,
BIODEGRADATION, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, CLEANUP,
BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, PETROCHEMICALS,
•DEGRADATION INHIBITORS,
BIODEGBADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, BACTERIA,
BIODEGBADATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BACTERIA,
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, TOXICITY,
BIODEGBADATION, EMULSIFICATION, MICROORGANISMS, ARCTIC,
ALASKA,
BIODEGRADATION, EHULSIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, YEASTS,
ESTUARIES,
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, RIVERS, SEDIMENT,
*ACINBTOBACTER
BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL,
FUNGI, BACTEBIA,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
BIBLICGBAPHIES,
285
-------
01674-76
01675-76
C-1676-76
01677-76
01678-76
01679-76
01680-76
01681-76
01682-76
01683-76
01684-76
01685-76
01686-76
01687-76
01688-76
01690-76
01691-76
01692-76
01697-76
01703-76
01705-76
01713-76
01738-76
01239-76
01243-76
O1248-76
01264-76
01271-76
01296-76
01389-76
01568-76
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, SEAHATER,
BIODEGRADATION, PETROCHEMICALS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
BIODEGBADATION, REGULATIONS, BHULSIFICATION, CRANKCASE
OIL, WATER QUALITY,
BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, STREAMS,
BACTERIA, *ARTHROBACTER SP., *MYCOBACTERIUM SP,,
BIODEGRADATIOH, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , MICROORGANISMS,
BACTERIA,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, NORTH CAROLINA,
"THERMCMICROBIUM fOSTERI SP. NOV.,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, GREAT LAKES , MODELS,
BIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , MICROORGANISMS,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, *HEXADECANE, JAPAN, "TOKYO BAY,
BIODEGRADATION, YEASTS, *SACCHAROMYCOPSIS LIPOLYTICA,
'SEEDING EXPERIMENTS,
BIODEGRADATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
TOXICITY, MICROORGANISMS,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
ATLANTIC COAST,
BIODEGHADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA, YEASTS,
FUNGI, 'ENUMERATION,
BIODEGRADATION, EACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS,
BIODEGRADATION, EACTERIA, SEDIMENTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, BACTERIA,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, LAKES, *NUTRI2NT LIMITATIONS,
^TEMPERATURE,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, TOXICITY,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
^DISSOLUTION, *OCEAN HATERS,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
WEATHERING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, TOXICITY,
BIODEGRADATION, DECOMPOSITION, HYDROCARBONS,
BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, DECOMPOSITION, OIL
SPILLS, CLEANUP,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, PHYSICAL
EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, HETULA OIL SPILL,
BIRDS, SHORELINES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL
SPILLS, BEAUFORT SEA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, MOLLUSKS,
*MACOMA BALTRICA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE-PHODOCTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, EHULSIFIERS, HICBOOSGAIISHS,
*BENTHIC DIATOMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, PLANTS, SOIL,
CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
286
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C-1569-76
01571-76
C-1572-76
C-1575-76
01577-76
C-1578-76
01579-76
01581-76
C-1582-76
01583-76
0158M-76
C-1585-76
C-1588-76
C-1589-76
C-1590-76
01591-76
01593-76
01598-76
01604-76
C-1606-76
01608-76
01613-76
01614-76
01703-76
C-1708-76
C-1709-76
C-1710-76
C-1739-76
C-1239-76
C-1248-76
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MOLLUSKS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS, *ORGANIC POLLUTANTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BIROS, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, PEBSONNEL TRAINING,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, ALGAE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, DISPEHSANTS, FISHES,
'BALTIC HERRING,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROCHEMICALS, SOIL,
MICR008GANISHS, PLANTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISHES,
*GIRELLA PUNCTATA, *SELS (ANGULLA ROSTRADA),
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, PHYTOPLANKTON,
ALGAE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OIL WELLS, BIRDS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION,
INVERTEBRATES, RIVERS, *OIL-TR2ATED SUBSTRATES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, *NAPHTHALSNE,
FRESHWATER, ALGAE, *CHLAMYDOMONAS ANGULOSA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, WASTEHATER, BEFINERI3S,
MOLLDSXS, KOREA, SOUTH,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CORAL REEFS,
*MANGFOVES, *S2A GRASS ECOSYSTEMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL BFF3CTS, OIL SPILLS,
COASTS, BEAUFOBT SEA, *GEOLOGIC STUDIES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS , BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL ,
PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, WILDLIFE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, LOUISIANA,
MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, BEAUFORT SEA, CANADA,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIODEGRADATION,
WEATHERING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCABBONS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, SHORELINES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES. OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
BIRDS, Oil SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, METULA OIL
SPILL, SHORELINES,
287
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C-1577-76 BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
C-1585-76 BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OIL HELLS,
C-1451-76 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, *RAHS,
C-1U53-76 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL HELLS,
C-1U5U-76 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL HELLS,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
C-1459-76 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, *SHEAR RAHS,
C-1651-76 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OFFSHOBE-PRODUCTION, LEAKAGE, OIL
WELLS,
C-1731-76 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, REGULATIONS, DRILLING, CANADA,
C-1318-76 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, WASTEWATER,
C-1319-76 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1323-76 BOOMS, COSTAINMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1325-76 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, EMULSIONS,
C-1327-76 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1328-76 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1330-76 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1351-76 BOOMS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
C-1380-76 BOOMS, Oil SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, DISP2RSANT5,
C-1396-76 BOOMS, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1410-76 BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, *EQUIPMEMT TESTING,
C-1U28-76 CALIFORNIA, OIL TRANSPORT, OCS, OIL SPILLS,
C-1595-76 CALIFORNIA, Oil TRANSPORT, OIL SLICKS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFEC1S, OIL SPILLS, NEW YORK,
C-1272-76 CALIFORNIA COAST, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS,
C-1406-76 CANADA, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
RECOVERY,
C-1596-76 CANADA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, LAKES,
ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
C-1635-76 CANADA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, TAR SANDS,
C-1643-76 CANADA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEAUFORT S2A,
C-1644-76 CANADA, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
'LABRADOR,
C-1702-76 CANADA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS,
BAHAMAS,
C-1731-76 CANADA, REGULATIONS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING,
C-1258-76 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, MEDITBBRANEAN SEA,
SAMPLING, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
C-1270-76 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, MEXICO/GULF OF, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
C-1284-76 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGfiAPHY, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
C-1285-76 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
OIL WELLS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
C-1286-76 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SP5CTROSCOPY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
C-1287-76 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHHOMATOGRAPHY, SPECTBOSCOPY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNigUES,
-------
O1288-76
C-1289-76
C-1290-76
C-1291-76
C-1293-76
C-1297-76
C-1300-76
C-1301-76
C-1302-76
C-1305-76
01306-76
C-1307-76
C-1311-76
C-1313-76
C-13U-76
C-1315-76
C-1316-76
C-1611-76
C-1682-76
C-1688-76
C-1707-76
C-1695-76
C-1239-76
C-1306-76
C-1688-76
C-1283-76
C-1284-76
C-1287-76
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL
TECHNICUES,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, SPECTBOMETBY, *BASELINE STUDIES,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHROMATCGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, HASTBWATER,
CHROMATOGBAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDfiOCABBONS, SEDIMENTS, RIVERS,
CHROMATOGHAPHY, SPECTROMETBY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOUBCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
"INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, ^DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDS OIL, SOLUBILITY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
SEDIMENTS, SEAHATER, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , *AUUATIC
SYSTEMS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAKPLING, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CHROMATOGHAPHY, SPECTBOMETRY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
FUEL OIL, SPECXROMETRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENITFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
SPECTBOSCOPY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL,
CHROMATGGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
*FLUOBIMETRY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CHRCHA10GBAPHY, 'ASPHALTS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS,
FRANCE,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGBADATION, HYDROCARBONS,
BACTERIA, *HEXADECANE, JAPAN, *TOKYO BAY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, HYDROCARBONS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
CHEMICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS,
WEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDE OIL,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS,
OIL SPILLS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, EIODEGBADATI9N, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
CHBOMATOGBAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CHIOMATOGBAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROHATOGPAPHT, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROSCOPY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
289
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O1288-76
C-1289-76
01291-76
01292-76
01293-76
O1294-76
01297-76
C-1298-76
C-1299-76
01302-76
01304-76
01307-76
01308-76
C-1311-76
01314-76
01316-76
C-1317-76
01246-76
01250-76
01252-76
C-1331-76
01332-76
C-1333-76
01335-76
01336-76
01338-76
01339-76
013UO-76
O1349-76
01354-76
01355-76
CHROMATOGBAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AHALYTICAL
TECHNICUES,
CHBCMATOGBAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, SPECTROMBTRY, *BAS3LINE STUDIES,,
CHBOMATOGEAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
CHROMATCGBAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
SOLVENTS, SPEC1ROSCOPY,
CHSOMATOGBAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
UASTENATER,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
CARCINOGENS,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
SEDIMENTS, RIVERS, SPECTBGMETRY,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTBOMETRY,
HYDROCAEBONS, RIVERS,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
DETECTION,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
SEDIMENTS, SEAUATER, SAMPLING,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTRCMETRY,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS,
CHROMATOGBAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, SPECTRCMETRY,
CHROMATCG8APHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SI
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, SAMPL:
CHROMATCGBAPHY, SOUBCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SI
FUEL CIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTHOMETRY,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE
OIL SPILLS,
SAMPLING,
~ SPILLS,
rur.ii IJ.L, unrniCAL ANAI.IO.I.O, ofBCTHunfiTKi,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATCGRAPHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, *ASPHALTS,
CHHOMATOGRAPHY, SOUBCE IDENTIFICATION, FUELS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, NEH YORK,
CLEANUP, CIL SPILLS, Oil TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, EUROPE,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CONTINGSKCY PLANNING,
GREAT LAKES , *LAKE MICHIGAN, *HAHNAH BARGE SPILL,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, *AGGLONERATION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCS, ARCTIC,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, BIODEGRADATION,
MICROORGANISMS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, *PHOTOSENSITIZER CHEMICALS,
CLEANUP, CISPERSANTS, PIPELINES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
CLEANUP, CIL SPILLS, HARBORS, JAPAN,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, DETECTION, DISPOSAL ,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION,
CLEANUP, SKIMMEES, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, *ENVIRONMENTAL TEST
TANK,
290
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C-1359-76
01362-76
01363-76
01365-76
01372-76
01373-76
01380-76
01382-76
01385-76
01387-76
01388-76
01391-76
01392-76
01395-76
01399-76
01400-76
01401-76
01402-76
01403-76
01405-76
01406-76
C-140 7-76
01411-76
01342-76
01414-76
C-1416-76
01417-76
01420-76
01458-76
01559-76
01560-76
01561-76
01564-76
01566-76
01574-76
01667-76
CLEANUP, OIL SPIILS, ABSORPTION, 'OLEOPHILIC
POLYUBBTHANB FOAMS,
CLEAMOP, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, INDUSTRIES,
INTBHIATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
CLEANUP, BISPEBSANTS, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
CLEANUP, CISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, OIL SLICKS,
•DETERGENTS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, DISPEPSANTS,
CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, *PEAT FIBERS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, ARCTIC, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, DISPOSAL ,
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL DISCHARGES,
CLEANUP, ADSORPTION, RECOVERY, *BAGASSZ,
CLEANUP, EMULSIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, BMULSIFICATION, *DETERGENTS,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, *COTTON
WASTES,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, ABSORPTION,
CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSIONS, EMULSIONS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, ^POLYMERIZATION,
CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, OIL SPILLS, ADSORPTION,
CLEANUP, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
*UAVE DAMPING,
CLEANUP, OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, RECOVERY,
CANADA,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, MANUALS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION
CLEANUP, OIL'SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, INDUSTRY,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INDUSTRIES,
CLEANUP, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, BIODEGRADATIOH,
CLEANUP, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, REGULATIONS,
CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, ALASKA/GULF
OF, PERSONNEL TRAINING, *POBT OF VALDEZ,
CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, INLAND,
GUIDELINES,
CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, DISPERSANTS,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS,
CORAL REEFS,
CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATICN, OIL SPILLS, BACTERIA,
291
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C-1700-76
C-1736-76
C-1738-76
C-1374-76
C-1419-76
C-1490-76
C-1475-76
C-1479-76
C-1487-76
C-1491-76
C-1504-76
C-1245-76
C-1276-76
C-1604-76
C-1611-76
C-1634-76
C-1647-76
C-1693-76
C-1706-76
C-1735-76
C-1663-76
C-1729-76
C-1318-76
C-1319-76
C-1320-76
C-1321-76
C-1322-76
C-1323-76
C-1324-76
C-1325-76
C-1326-76
C-1327-76
C-1328-76
CLEANUP, MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
SPREADING, DECOMPOSITION,
CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, *SAFBTY STANDARDS,
CLEANUP, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIODEGHADATIOH, DECOMPOSITION,
OIL SPILLS,
COAGULATION, HASTEHATBR TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COAGULATION, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION,
COAGULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
FLOCCDLATION,
COALESCENCE, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE, HASTENATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
COALESCENCE, HASTEUATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COASTS, OIL SLICKS, LEGISLATION, *NOBTHHEST COAST,
COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, MODELS, OIL SLICKS,
COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EPFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, BEAUFOFT SEA, ^GEOLOGIC STUDIES,
COASTS, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
FRANCE,
COASTS, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
COASTS, OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, BIS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, ESTUARIES,
COASTS, SPBEADIKG, OIL SLICKS,
COASTS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, ESTUAHIBS, DELAWARE BAY,
COASTS, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, INDONESIA,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
CONSERVATION, Oil SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT, 'ENDANGERED SPECIES,
CONSERVATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
CONTAINMENT, BOOHS, OIL SPILLS, UASTEHATER,
CONTAINMENT, BOONS, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, HARBORS, OIL TRANSFER,
'BUBBLE BARRIER,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, ^TRANSFORMER COOLANT OIL,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, *OIL
SCREEN,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SLICKS, EMULSIONS,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, CRUDE OIL, *OIL HERDERS,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
292
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01329-76
01330-76
C-1350-76
C-1355-76
01361-76
01401-76
01413-76
01607-76
C-1261-76
01262-76
01263-76
01265-76
01588-76
01609-76
01661-76
01664-76
01716-76
01252-76
01332-76
01372-76
C-1385-76
01417-76
01560-76
01561-76
01562-76
C-1563-76
C-1564-76
01565-76
C-1566-76
01567-76
01577-76
CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, BOOBS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, *ENVIRONMENTAL TEST TANK,
CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, *POLYttERIZATION,
CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, STREAMS, HARBORS,
CONTAMINANTS, BNVIRCNMSNTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS,
CRUDE OIL, ALASKA COAST,
CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, CARCINOGENS, MOLLUSKS,
*BENZO (A)PYRENE,
CONTAMINATION, HCIITOHING, GBOUNDHATBR, DETECTION,
SAMPLING,
CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, DETECTION, WASTEHATER,
^FLUORESCENCE, *IH AND UV LIGHT MEASUREMENT,
CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
INVERTEBRATES, RIVERS, *OIL-TREATED SUBSTRATES,
CONTAMINATION, FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
DECOMPOSITION, TOXICITY,
CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE
DEVELOPMENT, GHOUNDHATER, *COLORADO KIVER,
CONTAMINATION, DRILLING, TEXAS, *FRBSHWATER AQOIFER,
CONTAMINATION, LEGISLATION, GROUNDBATER, DRILLING,
HATER QUALITY,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CLEANUP,
GREAT LAKES , *LAKE MICHIGAN, *HANN1H BARGE SPILL,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, INLAND,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, ARCTIC,
CLEANUP, DISPOSAL ,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, INDUSTRIES,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, Oil SPILLS, CLEANUP, REGULATIONS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CLEANUP, *PORT OF VALDEZ,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
PERSONNEL TRAINING,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, GUIDELINES,
CLEANUP,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, GREAT LAKES ,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL
TRANSPORT, Oil DISCHARGES,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
BIRDS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
293
-------
01712-76
01551-76
C-1552-76
C-1558-76
C-1676-76
01281-76
01295-76
01301-76
01314-76
01326-76
01399-76
01400-76
01439-76
C-1446-76
01537-76
O1544-76
01548-76
01568-76
01569-76
01574-76
01576-76
01579-76
01581-76
C-1584-76
01586-76
01588-76
01589-76
01590-76
01591-76
01592-76
01605-76
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, NOBTH SSA,
CRANKCASE OIL, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
LUBRICATING Oil, FUEL OIL,
CRANKCASE OIL, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
CRANKCASE OIL, RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, 'PYROLIZATION,
CRANKCASE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, REGULATIONS,
EMULSIFICATICN, HATER QUALITY,
CRUDE OIL, SAMPLING, CIl-HATER SEPARATION,
*CENTBIFUGATION,
CRUDE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, FUEL OIL,
SPECTBCMET8Y, *INFHAR3D SPECTROPHOTOM2TRY,
CRUDE OIL, SOLUBILITY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CEUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATCGRAPHY,
CRUDE Oil, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, 'OIL HERDERS,
CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION,
CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, DISPERSIONS, EMULSIONS,
CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, *SALT
DOMES,
CRUDE OIL, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
CRUDE OIL, HASTEHAIER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
HYDROCARBONS, 'POLYETHYLENE POHDER,
CRUDE OIL, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, SOLID
HASTE, *PYROLYSIS,
CRUDE OIL, RECLAMATION, EXTRACTION, 'FLEXICOKING,
'RESIDUAL OILS,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, PLANTS,
SOIL, FUEL OIL,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, DISPERSANTS,
CORAL BEEFS,
CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, DISPBRSANTS, FISH, INVERTEBRATES,
RED SEA,
CBUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, FISHES,
'BALTIC HERRING,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE,
CRUDE OIL, FUEL GIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
ALGAE,
CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, ANNELIDS, *HEANTHES
ABENACEODENTATA,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
INVERTEBRATES, RITEBS, *OIL-THEATED SUBSTRATES,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS,
HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDBOCABBOMS ,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS,
HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDBOCAfiBOMS ,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'NAPHTHALENE,
FRESHHATER, ALGAE, 'CHLAHIDOMOHAS ANGULOSA,
CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS,
'NAPHTHALENE, 'GRASS SHBIMP,
CBUDE OIL, ENVIBONMEHTAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, JAPAN,
294
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01607-76
C-1668-76
01671-76
01672-76
01690-76
01695-76
01592-76
01699-76
01609-76
01696-76
01700-76
01713-76
01714-76
C-1738-76
01275-76
01659-76
01711-76
01706-76
01253-76
01265-76
01266-76
01273-76
01321-76
01323-76
01324-76
01327-76
01328-76
01329-76
01330-76
01337-76
01342-76
01344-76
01348-76
CBDDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS,
HYDROCARBONS, ALASKA COAST,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ABCTIC, TOXICITY,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGBADATION, BACTERIA, BITERS, SEDIMENT,
*ACINBTOBACTEB,
CBODE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS,
FUNGI, BACIBfilA,
CEODB OIL, BIODIGHADATIOM, FUEL OIL, BACTERIA,
CBODE OIL, CHEHICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
DISPERSIONS, HEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CRUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS,
•NAPHTHALENE, *GRASS SHHIHP,
CRUSTACEANS, HYDBOCARBONS, FOOD WEB, *CALANUS
HBLGOLANDICUS CLAUS, 'NAPHTHALENE, 'DEPURATION,
DECOMPOSITION, FUEL OIL, CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, TOXICITI,
DECOMPOSITION, SEDIMENTS, 'ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS,
DECOMPOSITION, MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
SPREADING, CLEANUP,
DECOMPOSITION, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS,
DECOMPOSITION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, HEATHERING, SOIL,
DECOMPOSITION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIODEGRADATION, OIL
SPILLS, CLEANUP,
DELAWARE, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES,
DELAWARE, EIS, OFFSHORE-DE?BLOPMENT, OCS, NEW JERSEY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
DELAWARE, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST,
NEW JERSEY,
DELAWARE BAY, OH SLICKS, MOVEMENT, ESTUARIES, COASTS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MONITORING, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION,
LEAKAGE, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MONITORING, DETECTION, OIL
SPILLS, *OIL SENSOR,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS,
INLAND, 'TRANSFORMER COOLANT OIL,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS,
*OIL SCBEEN,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
ABSORPTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
BEAUFORT SEA,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
ABSORPTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
295
-------
01350-76
C-1352-76
C-1353-76
01355-76
01357-76
01360-76
01361-76
01362-76
01366-76
C-1368-76
01369-76
C-1370-76
01375-76
01376-76
01377-76
01378-76
01383-76
01384-76
C-1386-76
01394-76
01396-76
01397-76
01403-76
O1404-76
01405-76
01407-76
01408-76
01409-76
01410-76
01414-76
01418-76
01424-76
01431-76
01436-76
C-1440-76
DESIGN AMD ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
CONTAINMENT,
DESIGN AID ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, OIL
SLICKS, *ENVIRONHBNTAL TEST TANK,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
PUGET SOUND,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL
SLICKS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, OIL
SLICKS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, *OIL
COLLECTOR,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
'EQUIPMENT TESTING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
*EQUIEHENT TESTING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS,
*OLEOPHILIC DISCS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, BOOMS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN ANC ENGINEEBIN^, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
*HAVE DAMPING,
DESIGN ANC ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, MANUALS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, *O.S.
COAST GUARD,
DESIGN AMD ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
BOOMS, 'EQUIPMENT TESTING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, OIL-VATER
SEPARATION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, EIS, REGULATIONS, TANKERS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, INLAND,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
DESIGN AMD ENGINEERING, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, PORTS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
296
-------
01441-76
01443-76
01447-76
C-1448-76
01449-76
01450-76
01451-76
01452-76
01453-76
01454-76
01455-76
01456-76
01458-76
01459-76
01468-76
01471-76
01474-76
O1480-76
01487-76
01506-76
01513-76
01516-76
01521-76
01528-76
01534-76
01733-76
01254-76
01256-76
01262-76
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL
SPILLS. POLLUTION PREVENTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OFFSHORE-PIPELINES, LEAKAGE,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS, GUIDELINES, OIL
SPILLS, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , HASTEHATEH TREATMENT,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS, OIL SPILLS, HASTBHATER
TREATMENT, BILGES, BIS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, TOXICITY,
*DRILLING FLUID, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, *RAHS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, BALLAST,
OIL-MATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL HELLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, BLOBOUT PREVENTION, OIL HELLS,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, REFINERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REGULATIONS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OII-HATEH SEPARATION,
EXPLORATION, CIL SPILLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, *SH£AR RAMS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, HASTEHATEH TREATMENT, SHIPS,
BILGES,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL , SHIPS,
INCINERATION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, SHIPS,
BILGES, BALLAST,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, SHIPS,
COALESCENCE,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, REFINERIES, HASTEHATER
TREATMENT. FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
HATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION, FILTRATION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, *HELL CUTTINGS DISPOSAL ,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, HASTBHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, REFINERIES, HASTEWATER
TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, HASTBHATEI TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, ABSORPTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, HASTBHATER TREATMENT, HASTE OIL
TREATMENT
PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
GUIDELINES, GERMANY, HEST, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REGULATIONS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
DETECTION, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, BALLAST,
DETECTION, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, *OIL SBNSOR,
^OLEOPHILIC MEMBRANE,
DETECTION, MONITORING, GROUHDHATBR, CONTAMINATION,
SAMPLING,
297
-------
C-1263-76
C-1266-76
C-127U-76
C-128U-76
C-1299-76
C-13UO-76
C-1338-76
C-1365-76
C-1373-76
C-1380-76
C-1398-76
C-1566-76
C-1574-76
C-1576-76
C-1579-76
C-1390-76
C-1400-76
C-K473-76
C-1695-76
C-1698-76
01340-76
C-U61-76
C-1698-76
C-1701-76
C-1657-76
C-1664-76
C-1716-76
C-1731-76
C-1481-76
C-1527-76
C-1618-76
C-1598-76
C-1269-76
C-1424-76
DETECTION, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, UA5TEHATER,
'FLUORESCENCE, *IR AND UV LIGHT MEASUREMENT,
DETECTION, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, *OIL SENSOB,
DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
HYDROCABBONS,
DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, CLEANUP, DISPOSAL ,
DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, PIPELINES, WASTBtfATER TREATMENT,
DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, OIL SLICKS,
'DETERGENTS,
DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS,
DISPERSAN1S, OIL SPILLS, 'SAFETY,
DISPERSANTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CLEANUP,
DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITT, CRUDE OIL,
CORAL SEEPS,
DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, PISH, INVERTEBRATES,
RED SEA,
DISPERSANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FISHES,
*BALTIC HERRING,
DISPERSIONS, Oil SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, SURFACTANTS,
'ILLUMIKATION,
DISPERSIONS, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, EMULSIONS,
DISPERSIONS, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL, PETROCHEMICALS,
DISPERSIONS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
WEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDE OIL,
DISPERSIONS, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT, MOVEMENT,
DISPOSAL , OIL SPILLS( ARCTIC, DETECTION, CLEANUP,
DISTILLATION, HASTEBAT2R TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, SLUDGE, SOLVENTS,
DRIFT, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, DISPERSIONS,
DRIFT, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING,
DRILLING, OIL HELLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, VENEZUELA,
DRILLING, CONTAMINATION, TEXAS, *FRBSHHATER AQUIFER,
DRILLING, LEGISLATION, GROUNDHATER, CONTAMINATION,
HATER QUALITY,
DRILLING, REGULATIONS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, CANADA,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, UASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, MODELS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
PETROCHEMICALS, *OLEFIN PRODUCTION,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION,
ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
CORAL REEFS, 'MANGROVES, *SEA GRASS
EIS, MONITORING, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
EIS, REGULATIONS, TANKERS; DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
298
-------
O1448-76
01619-76
C-1623-76
01624-76
01625-76
C-1631-76
01647-76
C-1652-76
C-1653-76
01659-76
C-1660-76
01718-76
01371-76
01391-76
01392-76
01523-76
01669-76
01670-76
C-1676-76
01389-76
01580-76
01325-76
01374-76
01400-76
01 460-76
C-1470-76
01475-76
01476-76
01479-76
C-1489-76
01491-76
01497-76
BIS, DESIGN ANC ENGINEERING, MANUALS, OIL SPILLS,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, BILGES,
EIS, OIL-GAS LEASING, ATLANTIC COAST,
EIS, OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA/GOLF OF,
EIS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, OIL-GAS LEASING,
EIS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, OIL
SPILLS,
EIS, OCS, OFFSHOBE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
COASTS, ESTUARIES,
EIS, Oil SHALE DEVELOPMENT, TAR SANDS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, *HESTEAN O.S.,
EIS, Oil SHALE DEVELOPMENT, TAB SANDS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, *HBSTEBN O.S.,
EIS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, NEH JERSEY, DELAWARE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
EIS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
EIS, LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
EMULSIFICATION, ^DETERGENTS, BILGES,
EMULSIFICATION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, IOXICITY, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
EMULSIFICATION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, *D£TERGENTS,
EMULSIFICATION, TANKERS, HAS1BHATER TREATMENT, BALLAST,
BACTERIA,
BMULSIFICATION, EIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, ARCTIC,
ALASKA,
BMULSIFICATION, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, YEASTS,
ESTUARIES,
EMULSIFICATION, EICDEGRADATION, REGULATIONS, CRANKCASE
OIL, HATER QUALITY,
EMULSIFIEBS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS,
*BENTHIC DIATOMS,
EMULSIFIERS, TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
EMULSIONS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SLICKS,
EMULSIONS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION
COAGULATION, '
EMULSIONS, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSIONS,
EMULSIONS, HASTEMATBR TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION.
EMULSIONS, HASTEBATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION
FLOCCULATION,
EMULSIONS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION.
COALESCENCE,
EMULSIONS, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , REFINERIES,
INCINERATION, SLUDGE,
EMULSIONS, HASTIIATBR TREATMENT, COALESCENCE,
EMULSIONS, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
*HYDRCEHOBIC FIBERS,
EMULSIONS, HASTBU1EH TREATMENT, OIL-HATEH SEPARATION,
COALESCENCE,
EMULSIONS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION.
FLOCCULATION,
299
-------
C-1500-76
C-1504-76
01518-76
01531-76
01532-76
01694-76
01251-76
01257-76
01267-76
01268-76
01269-76
01303-76
01434-76
01510-76
01595-76
01596-76
01598-76
01599-76
01600-76
01601-76
01602-76
01605-76
01607-76
01608-76
O1609-76
01615-76
01621-76
01622-76
01625-76
EMULSIONS, HASTEUATIR TREATMENT, OIL-ilTER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
EMULSIONS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATBR SEPARATION,
COALESCENCE,
EMULSIONS, HAST1HATBR TREATMENT, OIL-HATBR SEPARATION,
REFINERIES, FLOTATION,
EMULSIONS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
EMULSIONS, UASIENATER TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION,
ENTRAINMENT, MCEF.LS, OIL SLICKS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRCNMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
SAMPLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, ALASKA COAST,
HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, OIL SHALE
DEVELCPMENT, EIS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL
SPILLS, PORTS, TANKERS, MODELS,
ENVIRCNMENTAL EFFECTS, TANK2HS, PORTS, BAHAMAS, OIL
SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEHATEB TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, FISHERIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SLICKS, OIL
SPILLS, CALIFORNIA, NEH YORK,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, LAKES, CANADA,
ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CORAL REEFS,
*HANGBOVES, *SEA GRASS ECOSYSTEMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FRESHHATER, GROUNDHATER, OIL
SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, TANKBRS, LIABILITY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, MANUALS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, JAPAN,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS,
CRUDE OIL, ALASKA COAST,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, UASTEHATER DISPOSAL ,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, CONTAMINATION,
DECOMPOSITION, TOXICITY,
ENVIRCNMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS, SOCIO-2CONOMIC EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL SPILLS,
EXPLORATION, ALASKA/GULP OF,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
OFFSHOBE-PROCUCTION, OCS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFSCTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, BERING SEA,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
ENVIRCNMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
DRILLING, OIL-GAS LEASING,
300
-------
C-1628-76
C-1632-76
C-1635-76
C-1638-76
C-1640-76
C-1645-76
C-1647-76
C-16U8-76
C-1650-76
C-1652-76
C-1653-76
C-1654-76
C-1658-76
C-1659-76
C-1661-76
C-1662-76
C-1702-76
C-1703-76
C-170U-76
C-1708-76
01709-76
C-1634-76
C-1641-76
C-1663-76
C-1423-76
C-1U39-76
C-1«46-76
C-1450-76
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEFINERIBS, FISHERIES, VIRGINIA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, OSSR,
PRODUCTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, TAR SANDS, CANADA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, ALASKA/GULF OF,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, FLORIDA
COAST, REGULATIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
HASTEiATER DISPOSAL ,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, EIS,
COASTS, ESTUARIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, NORTH SEA, OFFSHOBE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
JAPAN,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, TAR
SANDS, PRODUCTION, *UESTERN U.S.,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, TAR
SANDS, PRODUCTION, "WESTERN U.S.,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL-GAS LEASING,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, OIL SHALE
DEVELCPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OFFSHOBE-DBVELOPMENT, OCS,
NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
CONTAMINATION, GROUNDHATEB, *COLORADO RIVER,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HASTEMATEH, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, TOXICITY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POSTS, OIL SPILLS, BAHAMAS,
CANADA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, BIODEGRADATION, WEATHERING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, *BEN2ENE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HONITOBIHG, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCABBONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, SHORELINES,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, COASTS, LEGISLATION,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECOHOHIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL HABAGEHENT, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
CONSERVATION, *ENDANGE£ED SPECIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, NOBTH SEA, HASTEHATER
TREATMENT, MONITOBING, *OIL TEBMIHAL,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CBUDE OIL, STOBAGE, *SALT
DOMES,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL TRANSPOBT, CRUDE OIL,
TANKEBS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, TOIICITI, *DHILLI1IG FLUID,
301
-------
C-1U95-76
C-1597-76
C-1630-76
C-1633-76
C-1639-76
C-1643-76
C-1655-76
C-1717-76
C-1729-76
C-1736-76
C-1275-76
C-1647-76
C-1o70-76
C-1706-76
C-1732-76
C-1250-76
C-173U-76
C-1737-76
C-1697-76
C-1548-76
C-1484-76
C-1489-76
C-1499-76
C-1502-76
C-1506-76
C-1512-76
C-1532-76
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, HASTEHATEB TREATMENT,
BALLAST* OIL DISCHARGES, *OIL LOADING TERMINAL,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, OIL
SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL FRCTECTION, OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA,
BERING SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL FRCTECTION, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, BERING
SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EBCTECTICN, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT, NOBTH SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEAOFORT SEA, CANADA,
DEVELOPMENT, CCS, REGULATIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, LAN
ENFORCEMENT, REGULATIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, U.S. GOVERNMENT, LEGISLATION,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
CONSERVATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, *SAFETY STANDARDS,
ESTUARIES, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DELAWARE,
ESTUARIES, OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, EIS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS,
ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, EHULSIFICATION,
HYDROCARBONS, YEASTS,
ESTUARIES, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, DELAWARE BAY,
ESTUARIES, LEGISLATION, GBEAT BRITAIN, OIL DISCHARGES,
TANKERS, BILGES,
EUROPE, OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, CLEANUP,
EUROPE, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GBOUNDNATER,
OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE,
EUBOPE, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, BEGULATIONS, PIPELINES,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
EVAPORATION, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, HEATHERIHG,
*DISSOLUTION, *OCEAN MATERS,
EXTRACTION, RECLAMATION, CRUDE OIL, *FLEXICOKING,
*RESIDUAL OILS,
FILTRATION, REFINERIES, HAST2HATEB TREATMENT,
OIL-HATER SEPABATION, FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
*HYDRCEHOBIC FIBERS,
FILTRATION, HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION,
FILTRATION, UASTEHATEB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION, REFINERIES, HASTEHATEB TREATMENT,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, ADSOBPTION,
FILTRATION, HASTEHATBB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION, CESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
FILTRATION, HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
302
-------
C-1290-76
C-1579-76
01583-76
C-1587-76
C-1656-76
C-12U3-76
C-1510-76
C-161U-76
C-1628-76
C-1629-76
C-16UO-76
C-1470-76
C-U84-76
C-1490-76
C-1494-76
C-1497-76
C-1499-76
C-1500-76
C-1502-76
C-1503-76
C-1512-76
C-1531-76
C-1532-76
C-1535-76
C-1541-76
C-1699-76
C-1611-76
PISHES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
FISHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS,
*BALTIC HERRING,
FISHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL,
*GIRE1LA PUNCTATA, *EELS (ANGULLA ROSTRADA),
FISHES, HCNITORING, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , *COHO
SALMON,
FISHES, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, GEORGES BANK, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, Oil SPILLS,
FISHERIES, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
FISHERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
FISHERIES, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, LOUISIANA, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISHERIES, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, VIRGINIA,
FISHERIES, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
FLORIDA COAST, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, REGULATIONS,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION, REFINERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
OIL-HATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
COAGULATION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATBR TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, EHULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, FLOTATION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, FILTRATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION, UASTEHATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
FILTRATION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, REFINERIES, FLOTATION,
FLOCCULATION, HASTEUATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION,
FOOD HEB, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, *CALANUS
HELGOLANDICUS CLAUS, ^NAPHTHALENE, ^DEPURATION,
FRANCE, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
COASTS,
303
-------
FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
"NAPHTHALENE, ALGAE, *CHLAMYDOMONAS ANGULOSA,
FRESHIATEB, GROUNDHATBR, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
GREAT LAKES , *LAKE MICHIGAN, *HANNAH BARGE SPILL,
FUEL OIL, SOUBCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, SPECTRCMETHY, CHROMATOGBAPHY,
FUEL OIL, HASTE GIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, CRANKCASE
OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, PLANTS,
SOIL, CRUDE GIL,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES,
*GIRELLA PUNCTATA, *EELS (ANGULLA ROSTRADA),
FUEL OIL, CRUDE CIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTOPLAHKTON,
ALGAE,
1586-76 FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, ANNELIDS, *NEANTHES
ARENACEGDEN1ATA,
1609-76 FUEL OIL, CONTAKINATICN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
DECOMPOSITION, TOXICITY,
C-1690-76 FUEL OIL, BIODEGBADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA,
C-1714-76 FUEL OIL, DECOMPCSITION, OIL SPILLS, MEATHKRING, SOIL,
C-1573-76 FUNGI, HYDROCARBONS, *PENICILLIUM SP.,
C-1672-76 FUNGI, EIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE
OIL, BACTERIA,
FUNGI, EIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA,
YEASTS, *ENUMEBATION,
otrwr'T ovTnumTrtM uvn nor* a n nstuc *fT » f>r»c nr»D Trt u no
C-1591-76
C-1599-76
C-1252-76
C-1311-76
C-1551-76
C-1568-76
C-1571-76
C-1583-76
C-1584-76
C
C-1609-76
C-1686-76 FUNGI
OIL, BACTERIA,
FUNGI, EIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA,
YEASTS, *ENUMEBATION,
FUNGI, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, *CLADOSPORIUM RESINAE,
GERMANY, HEST, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REGULATIONS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
GOVEENMENT AGENCIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, CIL DISCHARGES,
~3VERNMENT AGENCIES, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, INDUSTRY,
C-1689-76
C-1733-76
C-1387-76
C-1U16-76
C-1562-76
C-1732-76
C-1252-76
SPILL,
C-1680-76
C-1262-76
C-1463-76
C
C-1661-76
C-1716-76
1463-76 GROUNDHATIfl, iiASTEMATER TREATMENT, OIL SPILLS, BAT!
QUALITY,
1599-76 GROUNDBATIR, FEESHifATER, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
GROUNDHATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE
DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, *COLORADO RIVER,
GROUNDWATEH, LEGISLATION, CONTAMINATION, DRILLING,
WATER QUALITY,
304
-------
01734-76
01247-76
O1447-76
01483-76
01525-76
01564-76
01733-76
01734-76
01735-76
01320-76
01339-76
01413-76
01570-76
01575-76
01589-76
01590-76
01255-76
01267-76
01268-76
01272-76
01282-76
01283-76
01284-76
01289-76
01290-76
C-1291-76
01292-76
01293-76
01294-76
01296-76
01297-76
GROUNDWATER, GUIDELINES, POLLUTIOH PREVENTION, OIL
TRANSPORT, STORAGE, EUROPE,
GUIDELINES, Oil SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
GUIDELINES, DESIGN ANC ENGINEERING, MANUALS, OIL
SPILLS, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , MASTEHATER TREATMENT,
GUIDELINES, HASTEHATER, REFINERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
GUIDELINES, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, WASTEHATER
TREATMENT,
GUIDELINES, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, INLAND,
CLEANUP,
GUIDELINES, GERMINY, HEST, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REGULATIONS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GROUNDUATER, OIL
TRANSPORT, STORAGE, EUROPE,
GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, COASTS, INDONESIA,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
HARBORS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSFER, *BUBBLE
BARRIER,
HARBORS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, JAPAN,
HARBORS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, STREAMS,
HEALTH HAZARDS, PETROCHEMICALS, TOXICITY, *LIQUID
MEMBRANES,
HEALTH HAZARDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "ORGANIC POLLUTANTS,
HEALTH HAZARDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
HEALTH HAZARDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
HASTEWATER, REFINERIES,
HYDBOCABBCIS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA
COAST, MICROORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, CALIFORNIA COAST,
HYDROCARBONS, SAMPLING, PACIFIC OCEAN, *TANKER ROUTES,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHSOMATOGRAPHY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
CHSOMATOGRAPHY, SPECTHOMETRY, *BASELINE STUDIES,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FISHES,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEDIMENTS,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOLVENTS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WAST2MATER,
CHRONATOGRAPHY,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROHATOGRAPHY,
CARCINOGENS,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
HYDHOCABECNS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIB3NTS, RIVERS,
CHROMITOGRAPHY, SPECTBOHBTRY,
305
-------
01298-76
01299-76
C-1302-76
01307-76
01312-76
01485-76
01537-76
01573-76
01583-76
01589-76
01590-76
01592-76
01602-76
01606-76
C-1607-76
01611-76
01636-76
01637-76
C-1666-76
C-1670-76
01672-76
01673-76
01677-76
01679-76
O1682-76
01685-76
01687-76
01688-76
01689-76
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROKATOGRAPHY,
SPECTRCMETRY, BIVERS,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
DETECTION,
HYDROCABECNS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHHOMATOGRAPHY,
SEDIMENTS, SEABATER, SAMPLING,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
HYDROCARBCNS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, MEXICO/GULF OF,
SAMPLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
HYDROCARfiCNS, WASTEHATER TREATMENT, RECOVERY,
ADSORPTION,
HYDROCARBONS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-MATER
SEPARATION, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS,
HYDEOCARBCNS, FUNGI, *PENICILLIUM SP.,
HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, FISHES,
*GIRELLA PDNCTATA, *EBLS (AMGULLA ROSTBADA),
HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS, CRUDE
OIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HEALTH HAZARDS,
CRUDE OIL, ARORATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS,
*NAPHTHALENE, *GRASS SHRIMP,
HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MANUALS,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS,
CRUDE Oil, ALASKA COAST,
HYDROCABBCNS, SEEIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, COASTS,
FRANCE,
HYDBOCAFBCUS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GOLF OF,
MONITORING,
HYDROCARBONS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, LOUISIANA, OIL
SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
HYDROCABBCNS, EICDEGRADATIGH, OIL SPILLS, BACTERIA,
HYDROCARBONS, EICDEGRADATION, EMULSIFICATION, YEASTS,
ESTUARIES,
HYDBOCAKBCNS, EIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, CRUDE OIL,
FUNGI, BACTERIA,
HYDROCARBONS, BICDEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
HYDROCAEBCNS, EIODEGHADATIOH, OXIDATION, STREAMS,
BACTERIA, *ABTHROBACTER SP., *MYCOBACTERIUM SP.,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, NORTH CAROLINA,
*THERMCMICROBIUM FOSTERI SP. NOV.,
HYDROCARBONS, BIOD2GRADATION, BACTERIA, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, *H2XADEGANE, JAPAN, *TOKYO BAY,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
ATLANTIC COAS1,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
HYDfiOCABBCNS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, CHEKICAL ANALYSIS,
HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, FUNGI, *CLADOSPORIUM HESINAE,
sn«
-------
01692-76
01697-76
01699-76
01703-76
01707-76
C-1708-76
01713-76
01474-76
C-1476-76
01478-76
01735-76
01363-76
01417-76
01718-76
01242-76
01247-76
01258-76
01363-76
01722-76
C-1724-76
01253-76
O1444-76
01723-76
01725-76
01726-76
01727-76
01728-76
01729-76
01730-76
C-1736-76
HYDROCARBONS, BICDEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
POLLOTION PREVENTION, TOXICITY,
HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, BIODBGRADATION, WEATHERING,
"DISSOLUTION, *OCEAN WATERS,
HYDROCARBONS, FOOD WEB, CRUSTACEANS, *CALANUS
HELGOLANDICUS CLAUS, *NAPHTHALEN2, *DBPURATION,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIODEGHADATION,
WEATHERING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HYDBOCABECNS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
HTDROCAREGNS, DECOMPOSITION, BIODBGRADATION,
INCINERATION, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , SHIPS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
INCINERATION, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , REFINERIES, SLODGE,
EMULSIONS,
INCINERATION, HASTEHATER DISPOSAL ,
INDONESIA, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, COASTS,
BIBLICGBAPHIES,
INDUSTRIES, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
INDUSTRIES, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
INDUSTRIES, LEGISLATION, EIS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS, GUIDELINES,
EXPLORATION, GIL SPILLS,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN
SEA, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, INDUSTRIES,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, OIL
DISCHARGES, OIL SPILLS,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, NORTH
SEA,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MONITORING, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, TANKERS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
LOAD-CN-TOP, *QOOELE BOTTOMS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, TANKERS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
DISCHARGES, ^INTERNATIONAL LAH COMMISSION,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, BNVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
CONSERVATION,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, *SAFETY STANDARDS,
307
-------
01576-76
C-1588-76
C-1339-76
C-1605-76
C-1650-76
C-1682-76
C-1593-76
C-1596-76
C-1691-76
C-1238-76
C-1249-76
C-1655-76
C-1727-76
C-1265-76
C-1443-76
C-1651-76
C-12U5-76
C-1<469-76
C-1546-76
C-15U7-76
C-1&17-76
C-1618-76
C-1634-76
C-1715-76
C-1716-76
C-1717-76
C-1718-76
C-1719-76
C-1721-76
C-1732-76
C-1601-76
INVERTEBRATES, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS, FISH,
BED SEA,
INVERTEBRATES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
CONTAMINATION, RIVERS, 'OIL-TREATED SUBSTRATES,
JAPAN, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, HARBORS,
JAPAN, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SEDIHEHTS,
JAPAN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY,
JAPAN, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, *HEXADZCAME, "TOKYO BAY,
KOREA, SCOTH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
HASTEHATER, REFINERIES, HOLLUSKS,
LAKES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA,
ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
LAKES, EIODEGRAEATION, BACTERIA, "NUTHI2NT LIMITATIONS,
"TEMPERATURE,
LAW ENFOBCEMENT, OIL SPILLS, "INDIANA, "STREAM
POLLUTION CCNTEOL BOARD,
LAW ENFOBCEMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL RECORDS,
LAH ENFORCEMENT, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, REGULATIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
LAtf ENFORCEMENT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, TANKERS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES,
LEAKAGE, MONITCRING, CONTAMINATION, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
LEAKAGE, OFFSHORE-PIPELINES, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
LEAKAGE, OFFSHORE-PHOCUCTION, BLOHOUT PREVENTION, OIL
HELLS,
LEGISLATION, OIL SLICKS, COASTS, "NORTHWEST COAST,
LEGISLATION, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECYCLING,
LEGISLATION, RECYCLING, U.S. GOVERNMENT, WASTE OIL
TREATMENT, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECLAMATION,
LEGISLATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, RECYCLING,
REGULATIONS,
LEGISLATION, *U.S. ENERGY PRODUCTION, SOCIAL EFFECTS,
LEGISLATION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
LEGISLATION, COASTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "LITIGATION,
LEGISLATION, GBCUNDiATER, CONTAMINATION, DRILLING,
HATEP CUALITY,
LEGISLATION, U.S. GOVERNMENT, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
LEGISLATION, EIS, INDUSTRIES, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
LEGISLATION, OIL DISCHARGES,
LEGISLATION, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINING, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
LEGISLATION, GREAT BRITAIN, ESTUARIES, OIL DISCHARGES,
TANKERS, BILGES,
LIABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, TANKERS,
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SPILLS,
308
-------
C-1723-76
C-172U-76
C-1435-76
C-1725-76
C-1260-76
C-161U-76
C-1637-76
C-1545-76
C-1551-76
C-1553-76
C-1557-76
C-1U07-76
C-1447-76
C-1UU8-76
C-1602-76
C-126U-76
C-1296-76
C-1307-76
C-1391-76
C-1569-76
C-1580-76
C-161U-76
C-1662-76
C-1709-76
C-1710-76
C-1258-76
C-1722-76
C-1248-76
C-1270-76
C-1312-76
LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS,
LIABILITY, INTEBNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OIL SPILLS, NORTH
SEA,
LOAD-ON-TCP, TANKEHS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
DISCHARGES,
LOAD-ON-TCP, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL DISCHARGES,
TANKEBS, *DOUELE BOTTOMS,
LOUISIANA, HONITCRING, MICROORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS,
LOUISIANA, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES,
LOUISIANA, HYDROCARBONS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL
SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
LUBRICATING OIL, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
RECYCLING,
LUBRICATING Oil, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
CRANKCASE OIL, FUEL OIL,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT,
MANUALS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
MANUALS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, GUIDELINES, OIL
SPILLS, HASTE GIL DISPOSAL , HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
MANUALS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, HASTBHATER
TREATMENT, BILGES, EIS,
MANUALS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS,
DEVELOPMENT, SAMPLING,
MARINE ORGANISMS, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, BEAUFCBT SEA,
MARINE OBGANISMS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, HYDROCARBOHS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPBCTROMETBY,
MARINE ORGANISMS, CLEANUP, EMULSIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
TOXICITY,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
MARINE ORGANISMS, TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, EMULSIFIERS,
PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, LOUISIANA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HASTEIATER,
OFFSHORE-PROEUCTION, TOXICITY,
MARINE OBGANISMS, ENVIBONMENT1L EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, MONITOBING, SAMPLIHG, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OIL
DISCHARGES, OIL SPILLS,
METULA CIL SPILL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
BIRDS, SHORELINES,
MEXICO/GULF OF, MONITOBING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
MEXICO/GULF OF, SOUBCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDBOCABBONS,
SAMPLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
n f\f\
-------
C-1636-76 MEXICO/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, MONITORING,
HYDROCARBONS,
C-1642-76 MEXICO/GUIF OF, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
C-1260-76 MICROORGANISMS, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA
C-1267-76 MICROORGANISMS, MONITORING, ENVIRONM3NTAL EFFECTS,
ALASKA COAST, HYDROCARBONS,
C-1335-76 MICROORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
BIODEGRADATION,
C-1389-76 MICROORGANISMS, EMULSIFIERS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
»BENTHIC DIATOMS,
C-1568-76 MICROORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, SOIL,
CRUDE CIL, FUEI OIL,
C-1582-76 MICROORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROCHEMICALS,
SOIL, PLANTS,
C-1665-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGRADATION, PETROCHEMICALS,
'DEGRADATION INHIBITORS,
C-1669-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGRADATION, flMULSIFICATION
ARCTIC, ALASKA,
C-1673-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
C-1678-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ,
BACTERIA,
C-1681-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGHADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS .
C-1684-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGRADATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT
REFINERIES, TOXICITY,
C-1686-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA YEASTS
FUNGI, *ENUMERATION, '
C-1692-76 MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, 10XICITY,
C-1276-76 MODELS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, COASTS
C-1280-76 MODELS, REMOTE SENSING, Oil SLICKS, BATEfi QUALITY
C-1303-76 MODELS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, PORTS
TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1527-76 MODELS, HASTEBATEfi TREATMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS
PETROCHEMICALS, *OLEFIN PRODUCTION, '
C-1615-76 MODELS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
OFFSHORE-PROCOCTION, OIL SPILLS, '
C-1680-76 MODELS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTEBIA, GREAT LAKES ,
C-1694-76 MODELS, CIL SLICKS, ENTHAINMEMT,
C-1698-76 MODELS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT, MOVEMENT, DISPERSIONS.
C-1701-76 MODELS, CIL SLICKS, DRIFT, SPBEADING,
C-1711-76 MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST, DELAMAB
NEW JERSEY,
£~,1L12'76 BODELS' CIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, CONTINGENCT PLANNING,
C-1261-76 MOLLUSKS, MONITORING, CAECIHOGENS, COHTAMINATIOH,
C-1271-76 «OLLUSKS, «OVZZOBZMGf BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS,
?~15Z!"Z6 MOLLUSKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL Oir
FUEL OIL,
OIL SPILLS, WASTEWATER,
310
-------
01256-76 MONITORING, Oil SPILLS, DETECTION, *OIL SENSOR,
"•OLEOPHILIC HEHBRANE,
C-1258-76 MONITOBING, MEDITEBBANBAN SEA, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, IMTEBNATIONAL AGBEEHENTS,
C-1259-76 MONITORING, SOOBCS IDENTIFICATION, TAB, SABGASSO S
C-1260-76 MONITORING, MICROORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA,
C-1261-76 MONITORING, CARCINOGENS, COHTAMINATION, MOLLUSKS,
*BENZC (A)PYBENZ,
C-1262-76 MONITORING, GBCUNDMATEB, CONTAMINATION, DETECTION,
SAMPLING,
C-1263-76 MONITORING, DETECTION, COHTAHINATIOM, HASTEHATEB,
*FLUOB£SCEHCE, *IB AMD U? LIGHT MEASUfiEMEHT,
C-1264-76 MOHITOBING, MABIHE OBGAHISBS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, BEAUFOBT SEA,
C-1265-76 HONITOBING, CONTAMINATION, LEAKAGE, OFFSHOBE-DBILLING,
DESIGN AND ENGINEEBING,
C-1266-76 MONITOBING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING, *OIL SEHSOB,
C-1267-76 MONITOBING, ENVIBONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA COAST,
HYDBOCABBONS, MICBOOBGANISMS,
C-1268-76 MONITOBING, EN¥IBONHENTAL EFFECTS, HYDBOCARBONS,
C-1269-76 MONITOBI8G, Oil SHALE DEVELOPflENT, EIS, ENVIBONHEHTAL
EFFECTS,
C-1270-76 MONITOBING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HEXICO/GULF OF, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, OFFSHOBE-PBODOCTIOH, OIL DISCHABGES,
C-1271-76 MONITOBING, BIOLCGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS, MOLLUSKS,
*MACOMA BALTBICA,
01272-76 MONITOBING, HYCBOCiBBCNS, CALIFORNIA COAST,
01274-76 KONITOBING, BBMOTB SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS,
01279-76 MONITOBING, REflOTE SENSING, OIL DISCHABGES,
01423-76 MONITORING, ENVIBONMENTAL PBOTECTION, NOBTH SEA,
HASTEHATEfi TREATMENT, *OIL TEBMINAL,
C-1432-76 MONITOBING, Oil TRANSFEB, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
DISCHABGES, PEBSONNBL TRAINING,
C-1533-76 MONITOBING, BBFIHERIBS, iASTEHATEB TREATMENT, HATER
QUALITY,
01587-76 MONITOBING, AROMATIC HYDBOCABBONS , FISHES, *COHO
SALMON,
O1636-76 MONITOBING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GOLF OF,
HYDROCARBONS,
01658-76 MONITORING, Oil SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
01708-76 MONITOBING, ENVIBONMENIAL EFFECTS^ BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
HYDBOCABBONS,
C-1727-76 MONITORING, IMTEBNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LAB ENFORCEMENT,
TANKEBS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
01278-76 MOVEMENT, REMOTE SENSING, ALASKA/GOLF OF, OIL SPILLS,
SPREADING,
o i •«
-------
C-1698-76 MOVEMENT, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT, DISPERSIONS,
C-1700-76 MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, SPREADING.
CLEANUP, DECOMPOSITION,
C-1706-76 MOVEMENT, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, COASTS, DELAWARE BAY.
C-1711-76 MOVEMENT, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, ATLANTIC COAST, DELAWARE.
NEW JERSEY,
C-1270-76 NATURAL SEEPAGE, MONITORING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
MEXICO/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
C-1285-76 NATURAL SEEPAGE, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL
WELLS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
C-1312-76 NATURAL SEEPAGE, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
MEXICO/GULF OF, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
C-1404-76 NATURAL SEEPAGE, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1649-76 NATURAL SEEPAGE, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, OIL SPILLS,
C-1616-76 NEW HAMPSHIRE, REFINERIES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
C-1659-76 NEW JERSEY, BIS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, DELAWARE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
C-1711-76 NEW JERSEY, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, ATLANTIC
COAST, DELAWARE,
C-1246-76 NEW YORK, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
C-1595-76 NEW YORK, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SLICKS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CALIFORNIA,
C-1679-76 NORTH CAROLINA, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA.
*THERMOMICHOBIUM FOSTERI SP. NOV.,
C-1423-76 NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, MONITORING, *OIL TERMINAL,
C-1629-76 NORTH SEA, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT,
C-1648-76 NORTH SEA, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, EHVIROIMENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1712-76 NORTH SEA, MODELS, Oil SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
C-1724-76 NORTH SEA, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, LIABILITY. OIL
SPILLS,
C-1244-76 OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA/GULF OF,
C-1257-76 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
SAMPLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
C-1277-76 OCS, REMCTE SENSING, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT. *ONSHORE
IMPACTS,
C-1333-76 OCS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ARCTIC,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
C-1427-76 OCS, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS
C-1428-76 OCS, Oil TRANSPORT, CALIFORNIA, OIL SPILLS,
C-1621-76 OCS, OFFSHORE-EXELOHATION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1627-76 OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA,
C-1633-76 OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, BERING SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
C-1646-76 OCS, OFFSHORE-CBILLING, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
C-1647-76 OCS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, BIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS.
COASTS, ESTUARIES,
312
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C-1659-76
O1660-76
01240-76
C-1257-76
C-1277-76
01425-76
01614-76
01618-76
C-1629-76
01634-76
C-1638-76
O1640-76
01646-76
01647-76
01648-76
01649-76
01654-76
C-1659-76
01660-76
01717-76
01265-76
01 450-76
01454-76
01513-76
01612-76
01624-76
O1625-76
OCS, EIS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, NEW JERSEY, DELAHARE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
OCS, EIS, OFFSHCBE-DEVELOPMENT, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LIABILITY,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SAMPLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, REMOTE SENSING, OCS, "ONSHORE
IMPACTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OIL TRANSFER, MASHINGTON, OIL
SPILLS
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, LOUISIANA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REGULATIONS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
OFFSHOBE-EEVELOPMENT, COASTS, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, ALASKA/GULF OF,
OPFSHOBE-DBVELOEMENT, FLORIDA COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, REGULATIONS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, EBVIROBMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, OCS,
REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
COASTS, ESTUARIES,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, OIL SPILLS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, EIS, OCS, NEW J13RSBY, DELAHARE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
OFFSHOBE-DIVELCPHEMT, EIS, OCS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, U.S. GOVERNMENT, LEGISLATION,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, LEAKAGE,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, TOXICITY,
"DRILLING FLUID, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, BLOWOUT
PREVENTION, OIL HBLLS,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, *§BLL CUTTINGS DISPOSAL , OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OFFSHOBE-DRILLIHG, OFFSHOBE-PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING, EIS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
OFFSHOBE-DRILLUG, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
313
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C-1626-76 OFFSHOBE-DRILLING, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ENVIRCNHENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1631-76 OFFSH08E-CRILLING, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, EIS, OIL
SPILLS,
C-16U2-76 OFFSHOBE-DRILLINC, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
C-1643-76 OFFSHOBE-BRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEAUFORT SEA, CANADA,
C-1646-76 OFFSHOBE-DRILLING, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
C-1243-76 OFFSHORE-EXPLOBJTION, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
C-1457-76 OFFSHOBE-EXPLOBJTION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS,
C-1620-76 OFFSHOHE-EXPLOBATION, OIL-GAS LEASING, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
C-1621-76 OFFSHOBE-EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS,
C-1622-76 OFFSHORE-EXPLOBATION, OIL-GAS LEASING, BERING SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1639-76 OFFSHOBE-EXPLOBATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
OFFSHCBE-PROCUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT, NORTH SEA,
C-16HU-76 OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CANADA,
*LABRADOR,
C-1656-76 OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, GEORGES BANK, ECONOMIC EFFECTS
FISHES, OIL SPILLS,
C-UU3-76 OFFSHORE-PIPELINES, LEAKAGE, DESIGN AMD ENGINEERING,
C-1270-76 OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, MONITORING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
MEXICO/GULF CF, NATURAL SEEPAGE, OIL DISCHARGES,
C-1296-76 OFFSHOBE-ERODUCTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, HYDBCCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
C-1312-76 OFFSHOBE-PRODOCTION, S025CE IDENTIFICATION,
HYDROCARBONS, MEXICO/GULF OF, SAMPLING, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
C-1464-76 OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, BASTEMATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, RECOVERY,
C-1601-76 OFFSHOBE-PROCUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL SFFSCTS, OIL SPILLS,
POLLUTIOM PREVENTION, TANKERS, LIABILITY,
C-1612-76 OFFSHOBE-PRODOCTION, OFFSHORE-DfilLLING, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SAHTA BARBARA CHAMKSL,
C-1615-76 OFFSHOBE-PRODUCTION, MODELS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
C-1621-76 OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS,
C-1636-76 OFFSHOBE-ERODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, MONITORING.
HYDROCARBONS,
C-1637-76 OFFSHOBE-PRODUCTION, HYDROCARBONS, LOUISIANA, OIL
SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AMALYTICAL TBCHMIQUBS,
„ ,£,, , EXPLOBATION, OFFSHOBE-PBODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT, NORTH SEA
C-1642-76 OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, OFFSHOHE-DHILLIIIG, MEXICO/GOLF OF.
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
C-1651-76 OFFSHOFE-PRODUCTION, LEAKAGE, BLOMOUT PHEVEHTION, OIL
BELLS,
314
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— — — ~— •"•» "•» w ^ «nr »» •• • « *1 »* M ••* f * W *ri 4M »* ^
C-1254-76 OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, SHIPS, BALLAST, DETECTI
01270-76 OIL DISCHARGES, HONITORIHG, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MEXI
GULF OF, NATOSIL SEEPAGE, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
C-1279-76 OIL DISCHARGES, REMOTE SENSING, MONITORING,
C-1387-76 OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, Oil SPILLS, RECOVER*, CLEANUP,
C-1432-76 OIL DISCHARGES, OIL TRANSFER, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, MONITORING,
TOP,
C-H195-76 OIL DISCHARGES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, BALLAST,
ENVIRCNMENTAI PROTECTION, *OIL LOADING TERMINAL,
C-1567-76 OIL DISCHARGES, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, Oil TRANSPORT,
C-1719-76 OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION,
C-1722-76 OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, MEDITERRANEAN
SEA, Oil SPILLS,
C-1725-76 OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, TANKERS,
LOAD-CN-TOP, *DOUBLE BOTTOMS,
C-1726-76 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS,
C-1727-76 OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LAB
ENFORCEMENT, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING,
C-1728-76 OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, *INTERNATIONAL LAtf COMMISSION,
C-1732-76 OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, GREAT BRITAIN, ESTUARIES,
TANKERS, BILGES,
C-1244-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA/GULF OF, OCS,
C-1619-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, ATLANTIC COAST, EIS,
EXPLORATION, ALASKA/GULP OF,
C-1622-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, BERING SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
C-1623-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA/GULF OF, EIS,
C-162U-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
C-1626-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1627-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA, OCS,
C-1630-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA, BERING SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
C-1633-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, BERING SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
C-1654-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, ALASKA/GULF CF, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRCNMENTAI EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
C-1659-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, NEW
JERSEY, DELAWARE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1660-76 OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, SANTA
BARBARA CHANNEL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C-1632-76 OIL SHALE DEVELCEMENT, USSR, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PRODUCTION,
C-16H5-76 OIL SHALE DEVELCEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL 2FF2CTS,
HASTEHA1ER DISPOSAL,
315
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C-1652-76
C-1653-76
C-1655-76
C-1658-76
C-1661-76
C-1663-76
C-1245-76
C-1271-76
C-1273-76
C-1275-76
C-1276-76
C-1280-76
C-1310-76
C-1319-76
C-1324-76
01325-76
C-1326-76
C-1329-76
C-1346-76
C-1347-76
C-1355-76
C-1358-76
C-1361-76
C-1366-76
C-1373-76
C-1376-76
C-1377-76
C-1378-76
C-1386-76
C-1394-76
C-1396-76
C-1402-76
C-1411-76
C-1418-76
C-1595-76
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, EIS, TAB SANDS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, 'WESTERN U.S.,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, EIS, TAB SANDS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, *HESTEBN U.S.,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, LAW ENFORCEMENT, REGULATIONS,
ENVIRGNMEMTAL EROTECTION,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS.
ENVIRONMENTAL EROTECTION,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, ENVIRONMEN1
EFFECTS,
OIL SHALE DEVELOEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
GROUNDHATER, 'COLORADO RIVER,
r\*r * r» it » T w r\iciui9Tr%r>UT>um nuifTns^uif'DtTmiT untriri'Dii'01
EFFECTS,
OIL SHALE DEVELOEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
GROUNCHATER, 'COLORADO RIVER,
OIL SHALE DEVELOEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
CONSERVATION, 'ENDANGERED SPECIES,
OIL SLICKS, COASTS, LEGISLATION, 'NORTHWEST COAST,
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS,
'MACONA BALTBICA,
OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, REBCTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE,
OIL SLICKS, REKOTE SENSING, MODELS, COASTS,
OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, MODELS, MATER QUALITY,
OIL SLICKS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WEATHERING, SAMPLING,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, 'OIL
SCREEN,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, EMULSIONS,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, CRUDE OIL, 'OIL HERDERS,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION,
OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, REFINERIES,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, 'ENVIRONMENTAL TEST TANK,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, CISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS,
'DETERGENTS,
OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AdD ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, 'OIL
COLLECTOR,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
'OLEOPHILIC DISCS,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, BOOMS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ADSORPTION,
OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN
ENGINEERING,
OIL SLICKS, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SPILLS, CALIFORNIA, NEW YORK,
AND
OIL
316
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01239-76
C-12UO-76
C-12U2-76
C-12U6-76
C-1247-76
C-12U8-76
C-1250-76
C-1251-76
C-1252-76
C-1256-76
NEW JERSEY,
OIL SPILLS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, "INDIANA, *STREAM
POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, CHESAPEAK
OIL SPILLS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, NEW YORK,
OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, GUIDELINES,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METULA OIL SPILL,
BIRDS, SHORELINES,
OIL SPILLS, Oil TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, EUROPE, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
GREAT LAKES , *LAKE MICHIGAN, *HANNAH BARGE SPILL,
- ,*.,,«-,« OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, DETECTION, *OIL SENSOR,
*OLEOEHILIC MEHBHANE,
C-1260-76 OIL SPILLS, MOMITORING, 'MICROORGANISMS, LOUISIANA,
C-1264-76 OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
C-1266-76 OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, DETECTION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, '•'OIL SENSOR,
C-127<*-76 OIL SPILLS, REHCTE SENSING, DETECTION, MONITORING,
C-1278-76 OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, ALASKA/GULF OF, MOVEMENT,
SPREADING,
C-1300-76 OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
*INFR1RED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, 'DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS,
C-1303-76 OIL SPILLS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, PORTS, TANKERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS,
C-1306-76 OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
C-1308-76 OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL
TECHNigUES, CflHOMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, SAMPLING,
C-1309-76 OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SPECTRCMETRY,
C-1310-76 OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SLICKS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WEATHERING, SAMPLING,
C-1311-76 OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, FUEL OIL, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGfiAPHY,
C-1313-76 OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDINITFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SPECTHOSCOPY,
C-1315-76 OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHBMICAL ANALYSIS,
*FLUORIMETRY,
C-1316-76 OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, HASTEtfATER,
C-1320-76 OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, HARBORS, OIL TRANSFER, 'BUBBLE
BARRIER,
317
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C-1321-76
C-1322-76
C-1327-76
C-1330-76
01331-76
C-1332-76
0133U-76
01335-76
01336-76
01337-76
C-1339-76
01340-76
01341-76
01342-76
01343-76
01344-76
01345-76
C-1348-76
01349-76
01350-76
01351-76
C-1352-76
01353-76
01354-76
C-1356-76
C-1357-76
01359-76
C-1360-76
C-1362-76
C-1364-76
01365-76
C-1366-76
C-1367-76
C-1368-76
C-1369-76
C-1370-76
C-1372-76
01373-76
C-1379-76
C-1380-76
01381-76
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, INLAND, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, "-TRANSFORMER COOLANT OIL,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOONS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CONT8INMEMT, BOOMS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, 'AGGLOMERATION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, INLAND, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, BIODEGHADATION,
MICROORGANISMS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, 'PHOTOSENSITIZEH CHEMICALS,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTIOH, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, HAHBOBS, JAPAN,
OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, DETECTION, CLEANUP, DISPOSAL ,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, BEAUFORT SEA, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, 'POLYUHETHANE CHIPS,
OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, BOOMS,
OIL SPI1LS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, *TESTING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
PUGE1 SOUND,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, 'OLEOPHILIC
POLYUBETHANE FGAMS,
OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, SKIMB2RS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, *URETHANE FOAM,
OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, REHOTE SENSING, RECOVERY, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATIONS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPEBSANTS, OIL SLICKS,
'DETERGENTS,
OIL SPILLS, SINKING AGENTS, RECOVERY,
OIL SPILLS, CLEABUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, DISPBHSANTS,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HASTE OIL, SHIPS, ABSOBPTION,
'LIPOPHILIC FIBERS,
318
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C-1382-76
C-1383-76
01384-76
C-1385-76
C-1387-76
C-1390-76
01391-76
C-1392-76
01395-76
01397-76
01398-76
01399-76
O1401-76
01402-76
01403-76
01405-76
01H06-76
01408-76
01409-76
01410-76
01342-76
01413-76
O1414-76
01415-76
01416-76
01417-76
01419-76
01420-76
01422-76
01425-76
01427-76
01428-76
01429-76
01433-76
OIL SPIILS, ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, *PBAT FIBERS,
OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
"EQUIPMENT TESTING,
OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
"EQUIPMENT TESTING,
OIL SPILLS, INLAND, ARCTIC, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
CLEANUP, DISPOSAL ,
OIL SPIILS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL SPILLS, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, SURFACTANTS,
"ILLUMINATION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, EMULSIFICATION, TOXICITY, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, EMULSIFICATION, 'DETERGENTS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, *COTTON
HASTES,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, *SAFETY,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CRUDE OIL, ABSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEAMU1, CONTAINMENT, "POLYMERIZATION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, ADSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
*HAYE CAMPING,
OIL SPIILS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
CANADA,
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN ANE ENGINEERING, RECOVERY, *U.S.
COAST GUARD,
OIL SPIILS, RICOVEHY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL SPIILS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, "EQUIPMENT TESTING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, STREAMS, HARBORS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, *FEHROMAGNETIC
SORBENTS.
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, INDUSTRY,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INDUSTRIES,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, COAGULATION,
OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SOIL, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, BANTRY BAY,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
UkSHINGTON
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, ALASKA/GULF OF,
ocs,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, CALIFORNIA, OCS,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, TAMKESS, SHIPS, PIPELINES,
*RISK ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, "ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS,
319
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O143U-76
C-1438-76
01441-76
C-1442-76
c-1447-76
01448-76
01457-76
01458-76
01463-76
01493-76
01559-76
01560-76
01561-76
C-1562-76
C-1563-76
C-1564-76
C-1565-76
C-1566-76
01574-76
01577-76
01578-76
01580-76
01585-76
01593-76
01595-76
01596-76
01597-76
01599-76
01600-76
O1601-76
O1604-76
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS, PORTS.
BAHAMAS,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, *CAPE SEA ROUTE,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, fOLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, *ICEBERGS,
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS,
GUIDELINES, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , MASTEBATER TREATMENT,
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS, HASTEHATBP
TREATMENT, BILGES, EIS.
UU1UELJ.NE5, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , MASTEBATER T
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS, HA
TREATMENT, BILGES, EIS,
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, INFORMATION
SYSTEMS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION,
OIL SPILLS, DESIGN ANC ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
OIL SPILLS, HASTEHATEH TREATMENT, HATSfi QUALITY,
GROUNDHATER,
OIL SPILLS, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, *SOLIDIFICATION,
OIL SPILLS, PEBSONNEL TRAINING, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, PEBSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PRBVEHTION,
CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, REGULATIONS,
OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA/GULF OF,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CLEANUP, *PORT OF VALDBZ,
CL SPILLS, COMTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION.
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
CL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
PERSONNEL TRAINING,
[L SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INLAND, GUIDELINES,
CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INLAND, GREAT LAKES ,
OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PERSONNEL TRAINIHG,
CLEANUP, DISPEBSANTS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS,
CORAL BEEFS,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBDS, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, PEBSONNEL TRAINING,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, ALGAS,
OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, EMULSIFIEHS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL HELLS, BIRDS,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HASTEHATER, REFINERIES,
MOLLUSKS, KOREA, SOUTH,
OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SLICKS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA, NBH YORK,
OIL SPILLSr ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LAKES, CANADA,
ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY,
OIL SPILLS, FRESHHATER, GBOUNDHATER, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, TANKERS, LIABILITY,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
COASTS, BEAUFOfiT SEA, *GEOLOGIC STUDIES,
OIL
P
OIL
G
OIL
P
OIL
320
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OIL SPILLS, MODELS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
OIL SPILLS, SANTA BABBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHOBE-D8ILLING,
EIS,
OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
LOUISIANA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, GEORGES BANK,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FISHES,
OIL SPILLS, BIOCEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA,
OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, CLEAHUP, BACTERIA,
OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, SPREADING,
CLEANUP, DECOMPOSITION,
C-1702-76 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, BAHAMAS,
CANADA,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *BBN2ENE,
OIL SPILLS, INLAND, TOXICITY, BIODEGRADATION,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, SHORELINES,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OIL SPILLS, MODELS, NORTH SEA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
OIL SPILLS, DECOMPOSITION, FUEL OIL, WEATHERING, SOIL,
OIL SPILLS, U.S. GOVERNMEN1, LEGISLATION,
„ — „„„„„_DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION -
i, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, MEDITERRANEAN
n T CfO 1 D<"! 1?O
C-1615-76
C-1631-76
C-1637-76
C-1649-76
C-1656-76
C-1666-76
C-1667-76
C-1700-76
C-1704-76
C-1705-76
C-1709-76
C-1710-76
C-1712-76
C-171U-76
C-1717-76
LIABILIT
C-1722-76
C-1723-76
C-1724-76
C-1726-76
C-1736-76
C-1738-76
C-1739-76
C-1320-76
C-1422-76
C-1425-76
C-U32-76
C-1U40-76
C-12U1-76
C-1250-76
C-1U27-76
OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LIABILITY,
OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, LIABILITY, NORT
SEA,
OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL TRANSPORT,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTBCTIOM, *SAFETY STANDARDS,
OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIODEGRADATION,
DECOMPOSITION, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
OIL TRANSFER, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, HARBORS,
*BUBBLE BARRIER,
OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, BANTHY BAY,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, MASHINGTON, OIL
SPILLS,
OIL TRANSFER, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, MOHITOBING,
OIL TRANSFER, EESIGN AND ENGINEERING, TANKERS, PORTS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, ALASKA/GULF OF, *GLACIAL
RETREAT,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, EUROPE, CLEANUP,
OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, ALASKA/GULF OF, OCS, OIL SPILLS,
321
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01428-76
01429-76
O1430-76 OIL
01431-76
01133-76
01436-76
01438-76
01441-76
01446-76
01567-76
C-1595-76
01720-76
01734-76
C-1281-76
01343-76
01374-76
O1414-76
O1418-76
01452-76
01456-76
01460-76
01461-76
C-1465-76
01467-76
01470-76
01471-76
01472-76
01475-76
O1481-76
O1 484-76
OIL TRANSPORT, CALIFORNIA, OCS, OIL SPILLS,
OIL TRANSPORT, TANKEBS, SHIPS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS,
*RISK ANALYSIS,
OIL TRANSPORT, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, TANKERS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, *ENVIHONMBNTAL RISKS,
OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, INLAND, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, *CAPE SEA ROUTE,
OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL TRANSPORT, CRUDE OIL, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
OIL TRANSPORT, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, Oil DISCHARGES,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SLICKS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, CALIFORNIA, NEW YORK,
EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA,
OIL TRANSPORT, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TANKERS,
OIL TRANSPORT, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
GROUNEWATER, STORAGE, EUROPE,
OIL-HATER SEPARATION, SAMPLING, CRUDE OIL, *CENTRIFUG
ATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEHATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
COAGULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
L-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
L-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, BALLAST,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATSH TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE,
SOLVENTS, DISTILLATION,
PRODUCTION, RECOVERY,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BILGES,
OIL-WATEB SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATEB SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
OIL-WATEB SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATEE SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
*ELECTBOLYSIS,
OIL-WATEB SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE,
OIL-WATEB SEPARATION, WASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OIL-WATEB SEPARATION, REFINERIES, WASIEWATER TREATMENT,
FILTRATION, FLCCCULATIOM,
. r\r*f\
OIL
E
OIL
E
OIL
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C-U87-76 OIL-HATEB SBPABATION, SHIPS, COALESCENCE, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING,
01488-76 OIL-HATEB SBPABATION, HASTEHATEfi TREATMENT, HASTE OIL
TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OILS,
C-1491-76 OIL-HATEB SEPARATION, HASTEHATEB TBEATMENT, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE,
OIL-HAIEfi SEPABATION, HASTEHATEH TBEATMENT, ADSORPTION
- OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTBHATER TREATMENT, '
FLOCCUIATICN, ADSORPTION,
C-1496-76 OIL-HATEB SEPARATION, HASTEHATBB TREATMENT, SHIPS
'SURFACE CHEMISTBY PARAMETERS, '
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
OIL-HATEfi SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
FLOCCULATION, FILTRATION,
OIL-HAIEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEWATEfi TREATMENT,
FLOCCDIATION, FILTBATION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATEfi TREATMENT,
FLOCCULATION, FLOTATION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATEfi TREATMENT, 'VACUUM
STRIPPING,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TfiBATMBNT, ADSORPTION,
OIL-HATEB SEPARATION, HASTEHATEB TREATMENT,
PLOCCULATION, FILTRATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, 'HELL CUTTINGS DISPOSAL ,
OFFSHOBE-DRILLING, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
OIL-HATEfi SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATEfi TREATMENT,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
FLOTATION, EMULSIONS,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATBR TREATMENT,
FILTRATION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, UAS1EHATER TREATMENT,
'MAGNETIC PE PARTICLES,
OIL-HATEF SEPABATION, HASTEHATBB TREATMENT, SHIPS,
REUSE,
OIL-HATEfi SEPABATION, HASTEHATBR TREATMENT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING, AESORPTION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
OIL-HATEfi SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
FLOTATION, PLOCCULATION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATBR TREATMENT, ABSORPTION,
OIL-HATEB SEPABATION, HASTEHATEfi TREATMENT, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCABBONS, 'POLYETHYLENE POHDER,
OIL-HATifi SEPABATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
01497-76
C-1499-76
C-1500-76
C-1502-76
C-1503-76
C-1504-76
C-1507-76
01508-76
01512-76
01513-76
01515-76
01516-76
01517-76
01518-76
01519-76
01520-76
01524-76
01528-76
01531-76
01535-76
01536-76
01537-76
01538-76
BILGES,
ADSORPTION,
323
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01541-76
01285-76
01453-76
01454-76
C-1501-76
01585-76
01651-76
01657-76
C-1505-76
C-1672-76
ruNi»i,
01677-76 OXIDATION
•-» * ^WflM *•• •** «••
C-1689-76
01282-76
01432-76
C-1559-76
C-1560-76
C-1561-76
01563-76
01566-76
01567-76
01733-76
01473-76
01509-76
C-1514-76
01527-76
01542-76
01570-76
01582-76
01608-76
01665-76
01675-76
01240-76
OIL-HATIB SEPARATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
FLOCCULATION,
OIL HELLS, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, ALASKA/GULF OF,
OIL HELLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION,
OIL HELLS, DESIGN AID ENGINEERING, BLOHOUT PREVENTION,
OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
OIL HELLS, HAS1EKATER TREATHENT, HASTBHATER DISPOSAL ,
RECYCLING,
OIL HELLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS,
OIL HELLS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, LEAKAGE, BLOWOUT
PREVENTION,
OIL HELLS, DRILLING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, VENEZUELA,
OXIDATION, HASTEHA1ER TREATHENT, REFINERIES,
OXIDATION, BIODEGRADA1ION, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL,
FUNGI, BACTERIA,
OXIDATION, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, STREAMS,
BACTERIA, *ARTHROBACTER SP., *MYCOBACTBRIUH SP.,
OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, FUNGI, *CLADOSPORIUM RESINAE,
PACIFIC OCEAN, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, "TANKER ROUTES,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL TRANSFER, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, REGULATIONS,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, CLEANUP, *POBT OF VALOEZ,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL
TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, GUIDELINES, GERMAN*, HEST,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, REGULATIONS,
PETROCHEMICALS, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , DISPERSIONS,
PETROCHEMICALS, UASTEHATER TREATMENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE ,
PETROCHEMICALS, HASTEUATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
"ACTIVATED CARBON,
PETROCHEMICALS, MODELS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, "OLEFIN PRODUCTION,
PETROCHEMICALS, BEUSB,
PETROCHEMICALS, TOXICITY, HEALTH HAZARDS, *LIQUID
MEMBRANES,
PETROCHEMICALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SOIL,
MICROOBGANISHS, PLANTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
SFFEC1S, WASTEhATSB DISPOSAL ,
PETROCHEMICALS, EIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
"DEGRADATION INHIBITORS,
PETROCHEMICALS, EIODEGRADATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
324
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C-1430-76 PETROLEUM INDOSTBY, OIL TBANSPORT, TANKERS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
C-1444-76 PETROLEUH INDUSTBY, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
C-1525-76 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, REFINERIES, HASTEHAT2R
TREATMENT,
C-1597-76 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL
SPILLS
C-1650-76 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION,
JAPAN,
C-1718-76 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, 213, INDUSTRIES,
C-1721-76 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, REFINING, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
C-1737-76 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, PIPELINES, BASTBHATEH
TREATMENT, EUROPE,
C-1243-76 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
C-1604-76 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL 3FFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA, *GEOLOGIC STUDIES,
C-1695-76 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS,
WEATHERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDE OIL,
C-1584-76 PHYTOPLANKTON, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ALGAE,
C-1250-76 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, SUHOPE, CLEANUP,
C-1338-76 PIPELINES, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, HASTEWATER TREATMENT,
C-1429-76 PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, SHIPS, OIL SPILLS,
*RISK ANALYSIS
C-1737-76 PIPELINES, PETROLEUM INDUSTBY, REGULATIONS, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, EUROPE,
C-1584-76 PLANKTON, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
PHYTOALGAE,
C-1568-76 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, SOIL,
CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
C-1578-76 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, ALGAE,
C-1582-76 PLANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETBOCHEHICALS, SOIL,
MICROORGANISMS,
C-1253-76 POLLUTICR PREVENTION, MONITORING, DESIGN AMD
ENGINEERING, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
C-1333-76 POLLUTION PREVE1TION, CLEANUP, OCS, ARCTIC,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
C-1363-76 POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, INDUSTRIES,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
C-1387-76 POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL DISCHARGES,
C-1406-76 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
CANADA,
C-1416-76 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, INDUSTRY,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
C-1422-76 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, OIL
SPILLS, BANTRY BAY,
C-142U-76 POLLUTION PREVENTION, EIS, REGULATIONS, TANKERS,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
325
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C-1U30-76
C-1U32-76
C-1435-76
C-1436-76
C-1437-76
C-mO-76
C-1441-76
C-1594-76
C-1601-76
C-1610-76
C-1618-76
C-164U-76
C-1657-76
C-1692-76
C-1715-76
C-1720-76
C-1726-76
C-1727-76
C-1728-76
C-1730-76
C-1733-76
C-1734-76
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY, TANKERS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, MONITORING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, LOAD-ON-TOP, OIL
DISCHARGES,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, INLAND,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, REGULATIONS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, TANKERS, PORTS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL
SPILLS, DESIGN ANC ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, REGULATIONS, TANKERS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
POLLUTION PBEVENTION, PORTS, TANKEBS, SHIPS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, BALLAST,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINERIES, HASTEHATEH TREATMENT,
HASTEWATER DISPOSAL ,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, REGULATIONS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL
SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
POLLUTION PR2VENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL
SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
POLLUTION PREVEBTION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REGULATIONS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, OFFSHOBB-PRODUCTION, TANKERS, LIABILITY,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINERIES,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REGULATIONS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION,
PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-EXPLORATION, CANADA,
*LABRACCR,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, DRILLING, OIL HELLS, VENEZUELA,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, BIODEGBADATION, HYDROCARBONS,
MICROORGANISMS, TOXICITY,
POLLUTION PBEVEBTION, LEGISLATION, "LITIGATION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, REGULATIONS, TANKEBS, OIL
TRANSPORT,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL
TRANSPORT, TANKEBS, OIL SPILLS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LAW
ENFORCEMENT, TANKERS, MONITORING, OIL DISCHABGES,
POLLUTION PBEVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL
DISCHARGES, 'INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, SHIPS,
TANKERS, OIL CISCBABGES,
POLLUTION PBEVENTION, GUIDELINES, GEBMANY, HEST,
REGULATIONS, PEBSONNEL TRAINING,
POLLUTION PBEVENTION, GUIDELINES, GBOUNDWATER, OIL
TRANSPORT, STORAGE, EUBOPE,
tflf!
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01735-76
01303-76
01434-76
01440-76
C-1445-76
01702-76
C-1527-76
01632-76
01635-76
C-1650-76
01652-76
01653-76
01357-76
015*43-76
01544-76
01545-76
01546-76
01548-76
01549-76
C-1550-76
01551-76
01552-76
01553-76
01555-76
01556-76
01557-76
01558-76
01334-76
01337-76
01341-76
01342-76
01343-76
01344-76
01345-76
POLLUTION PREVENTION, GUIDELINES, COASTS, INDONESIA,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
POSTS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS,
PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS, BAHAMAS, OIL
SPILLS,
PORTS, CIL TRANSFER, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, TANKERS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
PORTS, fOILUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SHIPS,
PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BAHAMAS,
CANADA,
PRODUCTION, MODELS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, PETPOCHEMICALS, "OLEFIN
PRODUCTION, Oil SHALE DEVELOPMENT, USSR, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TAR SANDS, CANADA,
PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
JAPAN,
PRODUCTION, EIS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, TAR SANDS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "WESTERN U.S.,
PRODUCTION, EIS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, TAR SANDS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "WESTERN U.S.,
PUGET SCUND, HECOVEBY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OILS,
RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, CRUDE OIL, SOLID
HASTE, *PYROLYSIS,
RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECYCLING,
RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, U.S. GOVERNMENT,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL ,
RECLAMATION, CRUDE CIL, EXTRACTION, "FLEXICOKING,
"RESIDUAL OILS,
RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING,
RECLAMATION, ilSTE OIL TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, HISTE OIL TRBATMSNT, CRANKCASE OIL,
LUBRICATING Oil, FUEL OIL,
RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, CRANKCASE OIL,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, HASTE OIL TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, HASTE OIL, "EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, HASTE OIL TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, CRANKCASE OIL, "PYHOLIZATION,
RECOVER*, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, BEAUFORT SEA, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, "POLYURETHANE CHIPS,
327
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01346-76
01347-76
01348-76
C-1350-76
01351-76
01352-76
C-1353-76
01354-76
C-1356-76
C-1357-76
01358-76
01360-76
01361-76
O1364-76
C-1366-76
01367-76
01368-76
01369-76
01370-76
01372-76
01375-76
01376-76
01377-76
01378-76
01379-76
01381-76
01382-76
01383-76
01384-76
01386-76
01387-76
01388-76
01394-76
01395-76
01396-76
O1397-76
01403-76
C-1404-76
01405-76
RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS,
RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL SLICKS, REFINERIES,
RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEBBIHG,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, BOOMS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, ^TESTING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMBRS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
PUGET SCUND,
RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SEIILS, ABSORPTION, *URETHANB FOAM,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATIONS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SCOVERY, OIL SUCKS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEER
SCOVERY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, *OIL
COLLECTOR,
-SCOVERY, SINKING AGENTS, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, tflSTE OIL, SHIPS, ABSORPTION,
*LIPOPHILIC FIBERS,
RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, *PEAT FIBERS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
*EQUIFMENT TESTING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMHEiS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
"EQUIPMENT TESTING,
RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
"OLEOPHILIC DISCS,
RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, OIL DISCHARGES,
RECOVERY, ADSORPTION, CLEANUP, *BAGASSE,
RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, *COTTOM
WASTES,
RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, BOOMS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMBRS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
*HAVE DAMPING,
RECOVERY, NATURAL SEEPAGE, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
-------
C-1406-76 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP,
CANADA,
C-1407-76 RECOVERY, CLEANUP, MANUALS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1408-76 RECOVERY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, *U.S.
COAST GUARD,
C-1409-76 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
C-1410-76 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, ^EQUIPMENT TESTING,
C-1411-76 RECOVERY, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS,
C-1342-76 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
C-1413-76 RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, STREAMS, HARBORS,
C-1415-76 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, 'FERROMAGNETIC
SORBENTS,
C-1419-76 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, COAGULATION,
C-1458-76 RECOVERY, DESIGM AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
C-1464-76 RECOVERY, HASTIHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
OFFSHCBE-PROCUCTION,
C-1485-76 RECOVERY, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, HYDROCARBONS,
ADSORPTION,
C-1498-76 RECOVERY, HAST! CIL DISPOSAL , RECYCLING, REUSE,
C-1469-76 RECYCLING, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , LEGISLATION,
C-1498-76 RECYCLING, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECOVERY, REUSE,
C-1501-76 RECYCLING, OIL HELLS, WASTEHATER TREATMENT, BASTEHAT2R
DISPOSAL ,
C-1511-76 RECYCLING, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , REUSE,
C-1530-76 RECYCLING, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES,
C-1545-76 RECYCLING, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
LUBRICATING OIL,
C-1546-76 RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, U.S. GOVERNMENT, HASTE OIL
TREATMENT, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECLAMATION,
'-76 RECYCLING, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, REGULATIONS,
LEGISLATION,
•*.*• *»M.M» .*._*••.« r ••*•*•• v» « -^» IM n Q m ffl M d \24fl T rft*OT*"*»wiT»»x» /*«-r* **
** « m* T * 9 W M ^4 ^0 * » H ^ M W m •* •» *f •* *J ^^ •» ** •» "" ~" "™ ^ — — ™" W ^^ W mm •* *• ^ ^* ** ^
LEGISLATION,
C-1554-76 RECYCLING, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OILS,
C-1558-76 RECYCLING, RECLAMATION, CBANKCASE OIL, *PTROLIZATION,
C-1576-76 RED SEA, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS, FISH,
INVERTEBRATES,
C-1249-76 REFINERIES, LAH ENFORCEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL RECORDS,
C-1255-76 REFINERIES, MOMITORING, ANALYTICAL TECaNIQOES,
HYDROCARBONS, HASTEHATER,
C-1347-76 REFINERIES, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS,
C-1455-76 REFINERIES, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REGULATIONS,
C-1462-76 REFINERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, SOLID HASTE, *SAFETY
ASPECTS LNG
C-1476-76 REFINERIES, HAST! CIL DISPOSAL , INCINERATION, SLUDGE,
EMULSIONS,
C-1477-76 BEFINEHIES, REGULATIONS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, *PRIMAHY
TREATMENT, *SECOND AND TERTIARY TREATMENT,
C-1481-76 REFINERIES, HASIIHATER TREATMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
C-1482-76 REFINERIES, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , ADSOBPTION, ACTIVATED
SLUDGE ,
329
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01*483-76
C-1484-76
O1490-76
01505-76
01506-76
01510-76
01518-76
01521-76
01522-76
01525-76
01526-76
01530-76
01533-76
01535-76
01539-76
01540-76
01593-76 REF
01610-76
01616-76
01628-76
C-1684-76
01547-76
01549-76
01721-76
01424-76
01 426-76
01437-76
C-1444-76
01455-76
C-1477-76
01547-76
REFINEBIES, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FILTRATION, FLCCCULATION,
REFINERIES, HASTEWATSR TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION,
COAGULATION,
REFINERIES, HASTEHATEH TREATMENT, OXIDATION,
REFINERIES, HASTEWATBR TREATMENT, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
REFINERIES, HASTEWATER TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
REFINERIES, HASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-MATSR
SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS,
REFINERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
REFINEBIES, WAS1EWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL ,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REFINERIES, GUIDELINES, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, HASTEHATEB
TREATMENT,
REFINEBIES, HAS1EWATER TREATMENT, USSR, 'SARATOV
RESERVOIR,
REFINERIES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, SLUDGE, RECYCLING,
REFINERIES, WASIEWATER TREATMENT, MONITORING, WATER
QUALITY,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOTATION, FLCCCULATION,
REFINERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, HASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
TANKEBS,
BEFINEBIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, HASTEHATER,
MOLLDSKS, KOBEA, SOUTH,
REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REFINERIES, NEH HAMPSHIRE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, VIRGINIA,
REFINERIES, BIODEGRADATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
TOXICITY, MICROORGANISMS,
REFINING, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECYCLING, REGULATIONS,
LEGISLATION,
REFINING, WASTE CIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
REFINING, LEGISLATION, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
REGULATICNS, EIS, TANKERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REGULATICNS, TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST , *U.S.
COAST GUARD,
REGULATICNS, TABKEBS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PR2VENTIOM, TANKERS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
REGULATIONS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, REFINERIES,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
*PHIMAHY TREATMENT, *SECOMD AND TERTIARY TREATMENT,
BEGULATICNS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, RECYCLING,
LEGISLATION,
330
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01560-76
01594-76
C-1618-76
C-1640-76
C-1646-76
01655-76
01676-76
01720-76
01731-76
01733-76
01737-76
01273-76
01274-76
01275-76
01276-76
01277-76
01278-76
01279-76
01280-76
01367-76
01603-76
01420-76
01421-76
01393-76
01498-76
01511-76
01524-76
01542-76
01297-76
01298-76
01588-76
01671-76
O1258-76
REGULATIONS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC 2FPECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OFFSHOBE-DEVZLOPMBNT, LEGISLATION,
REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, FLORIDA COAST,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
REGULATIONS, OFFSHOBB-DRILLING, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
REGULATIONS, OH SHALE DEVELOPMENT, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
REGULATIONS, BIODEGHADATION, EMULSIFICATION, CRANKCASB
OIL, HATER QUALITY,
REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL
TRANSPORT
REGULATIONS' BLCIOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING, CANADA,
REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, GERMANY, WEST, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
REGULATIONS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, PIPELINES, HASTEWATEB
TREATMENT, EUROPE,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
REMOTE SENSING. OIL SLICKS. ESTUARIES, DELAWARE.
TREATMENT, EUROPE,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERI
REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, MONITORING, OIL SPILL
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE,
REMOTE SENSING, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, COASTS,
REMOTE SENSING, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS, *ONS"
IMPACTS,
HOBS
IMPACTS,
REMOTE SENSING, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT,
SPREADING,
REMOTE SENSING, BONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES,
REMOTE SENSING, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, HATER QUALITY,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATIONS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, BALTIC SEA,
RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION,
RESTORATION, BIRES, *TR!ATMENT PROCEDURES,
REUSE, WASTE GIL, ABSORPTION,
REUSE, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECOVERY, RECYCLING,
REUSE, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECYCLING,
REUSE, MASTEHATEB TBEATMENT, SHIPS, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION,
REUSE, PETROCHEMICALS,
RIVERS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
RIVERS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTRCMETRY, HYDROCARBONS,
RIVERS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION,
INVERTEBRATES, RIVERS, *OIL-TREATED SUBSTRATES,
RIVERS, BIODEGBACATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, SEDIMENT,
*ACINETOBACTER,
DEVELOPMENT, BARINE ORGANISMS,
SAMPLING, MONITOBING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, INTEBNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
331
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C-1282-76 SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, PACIFIC OCEAN, *TAN1
C-1285-76 SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, NATURAL SEEPAG]
HELLS, ALASKA/GOLF OF,
C-1302-76 SAHPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
HYDPOCABBONS, SEDIMENTS, SEAHATER,
C-1306-76 SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
C-1308-76 SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHHOMATOGHAPHY, SPECTROSCOPT,
C-1310-76 SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL
SLICKS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HEATHERING,
C-1312-76 SAMPLING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
MEXICO/GULF CF, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
C-1631-76 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHORE-DRILLING, EIS, OIL
SPILLS,
C-1649-76 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, OIL SPILLS,
C-1660-76 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, EIS, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
ENVIRCNMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING,
C-1259-76 SARGASSO SEA, MONITORING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TAR,
C-1302-76 SEAHATER, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING,
C-167U-76 SEAHATER, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS,
C-1291-76 SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHRCMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
C-1297-76 SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, RIVERS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
C-1302-76 SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
HYDROCABBONS, SEAHATER, SAMPLING,
C-1306-76 SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
C-1605-76 SEDIMENTS, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, JAPAN.
C-1611-76 SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS,
FRANCE,
C-1685-76 SEDIMENTS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA,
ATLANTIC COAST,
C-1688-76 SEDIMENTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
C-1696-76 SEDIMENTS, DECOMPOSITION, *ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS,
C-1707-76 SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
C-1426-76 SEGREGATED BALLAST , REGULATIONS, TANKERS, *U.S. COAST
GUARD,
C-1<449-76 SEGREGATED BALLAST , DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, TANKERS,
C-1254-76 SHIPS, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, BALLAST, DETECTION,
C-1381-76 SHIPS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, HASTE OIL, ABSORPTION,
*LIPOPHILIC FIBERS,
C-1429-76 SHIPS, Oil TRANSPORT, TANKERS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS,
*RISK ANALYSIS,
332
-------
01U68-76
C-1U7U-76
C-1480-76
C-1U87-76
C-1U96-76
C-1524-76
C-1730-76
C-1248-76
C-1709-76
C-1379-76
C-13U2-76
C-1343-76
C-13U7-76
C-1348-76
C-1351-76
C-1354-76
C-1356-76
C-1357-76
C-1358-76
C-1362-76
C-1368-76
C-1370-76
C-1375-76
C-1376-76
C-1377-76
C-1380-76
C-1384-76
C-1394-76
C-1397-76
C-1410-76
C-1418-76
C-1461-76
C-1476-76
C-1530-76
C-1615-76
SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PORTS, TANKERS,
SHIPS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, BILGES, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING,
SHIPS, HASTE Oil DISPOSAL , INCINERATION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING,
SHIPS, CESIGN ANC ENGINEERING, HASTBHATER TREATMENT,
BILGES, BALLAST,
SHIPS, CII-HATEB SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
SHIPS, HAS1EHATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
'SURFACE CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS,
SHIPS, HASTEHATIR TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
REUSE,
SHIPS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES,
SHORELINES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, METULA OIL
SPILL, BIRDS,
SHORELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SINKING AGENTS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, BEAUFORT SEA, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, REFINERIES,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS,
SKIMMERS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, 'TESTING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVEBY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
PUGET SCUND,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS,
SKIMMERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
SKIMMERS, RECOVEBY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVEBY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVEBY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, DISPSRSANTS,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING, 'EQUIPMENT TESTING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVEBY, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, RECOVEBY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, BOONS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, 'EQUIPMENT TESTING,
SKIMMERS, OIL SUCKS, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEEBING,
SLUDGE, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
SOLVENTS, DISTILLATION,
SLUDGE, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , REFINERIES, INCINERATION,
EMULSIONS,
SLUDGE, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINERIES, RECYCLING,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSROBE-PROCUCTION, OIL SPILLS,
333
-------
01616-76
01641-76
01654-76
01420-76
01568-76
01582-76
01714-76
01462-76
C-1544-76
01301-76
01697-76
01292-76
01461-76
01259-76
O1283-76
01284-76
01286-76
01300-76
01308-76
01309-76
01310-76
01311-76
01312-76
0131U-76
01315-76
01316-76
01317-76
01289-76
01295-76
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, NEW HAMPSHIBE,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHOHE-DEVELOPMENT,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL-GAS
LEASING, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SOIL, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATIOH,
SOIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, PLANTS,
CRUDE C1L, FUEL OIL,
SOIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROCHEMICALS,
MICROOBGANISHS, PLANTS,
SOIL, DECOMPOSITION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, MEATHERING,
SOLID HASTE, HASlEtfATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, *SAFETI
ASPECTS LNG,
SOLID HASTE, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, CRUDE
OIL, *PYROLYSIS,
SOLUBILITY, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SOLUTION, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION,
WEATHERING, *DISSOLUTION,*OCEAN MATERS,
SOLVENTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY,
SOLVENTS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
SLUDGE, DISTILLATION,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, MONITORING, TAR, SARGASSO SEA,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHROMATCGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, SPEC1ROSCOPY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS,
*INFRARED SPSCTROPHOTOMETRY, *DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, CBROMATQGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, SAMPLING,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, SPECTBOHETRT,
SOUFCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL SLICKS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WEATHERING, SAMPLING,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
SAMPLING, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SOUfiCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS,
*FLUOBIMETHY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, *ASPHALTS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, FUELS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHROHATCGRAPHY,
SPECTRCMETBY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
ALASKA/GOLF OF, CHROHATOGRAPHY, *BASELIHE STUDIES,
SPECTROHETRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CRUDE OIL, FUEL
OIL, *INFRABED SPECTROPHOTOMETBY,
334
-------
01297-76
01298-76
O1304-76
C-1307-76
C-1309-76
C-1311-76
C-1286-76
C-1287-76
C-1292-76
C-1308-76
C-1313-76
01278-76
C-1693-76
01700-76
C-1701-76
C-1303-76
01427-76
C-1439-76
01734-76
O1413-76
01677-76
01390-76
01241-76
C-1303-76
01422-76
C-1424-76
01426-76
01429-76
01430-76
SPECTRCMEIHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
SEDIMENTS, RIVERS, CHHOMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTBOHETRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROHATOGRAPHY,
HYDROCABBONS, BIVERS,
SPECTROMETRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROHATOGRAPHY,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , CARCINOGENS,
SPBCTBCMETRY, CHEfllCAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROHETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
SPECTROHETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL
OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, SOOBCE IDENTIFICATION,
SPECTRCSCOPY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SPECTHOSCOPY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
SOLVENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCCPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHHOMATOGRAPHY, SAMPLING,
SPECTROSCCPY, SOURCE IDENITFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SPREADING, REMOTE SENSING, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS,
MOVEMENT,
SPREADING, OIL SUCKS, COASTS,
SPREADING, MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
CLEANUP, DECOMPOSITION,
SPREADING, MODELS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, PORTS, TANKERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS,
STORAGE, OIL TRANSPORT, ALASKA/GULF OF, OCS, OIL SPILLS,
STORAGE, CRUDE OH, EHVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, *SALT
DOMES,
STORAGE, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GROUNDHATER,
OIL TRANSPORT, EUROPE,
STREAMS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, HARBORS,
STREAMS, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS,
BACTERIA, *ABTHROBACTER SP., *MYCOBACTERIUM SP.,
SURFACTANTS, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION,
"ILLUMINATION,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, ALASKA/GULF OF, *GLACIAL
RETREAT,
TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, PORTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, BANTRY BAY,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TANKERS, EIS, REGULATIONS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TANKERS, REGULATIONS, SEGREGATED BALLAST , *U.S. COAST
GUARD,
TANKERS, CIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS, PIPELIN3S, OIL SPILLS,
*RISK ANALYSIS,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
335
-------
01U31-76
C-1U3<*-76
C-1435-76
C-1U36-76
C-1U37-76
01438-76
C-1440-76
C-mi-76
c-1442-76
C-W5-76
C-1<446-76
C-1449-76
C-1466-76
C-1523-76
C-15UO-76
C-1601-76
C-1720-76
C-1725-76
C-1726-76
C-1727-76
C-1730-76
C-1732-76
C-1259-76
C-1635-76
C-1652-76
C-1653-76
C-166U-76
C-1391-76
C-1150-76
C-1570-76
TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POHTS, BAHAMAS, OIL
SPILLS,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LOAD-ON-TOP, OIL
DISCHARGES,
TANKEBS, OIL TRANSPORT, INLAND, POLLUTION PBEVENTION,
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PBEVENTION, REGULATIONS,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, *CAPE SEA ROUTE,
TANKERS, CIL TRANSFER, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, PORTS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TANKERS, OIL TBAMSPORT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TANKERS, CIL SPILLS, *ICEBBHGS,
TANKERS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PORTS, SHIPS,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
TANKERS, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, SEGREGATED BALLAST ,
TANKERS, IASTEHATER TREATMENT, BILGES,
TANKERS, UASTEiAIER TREATMENT, BALLAST, BACTERIA,
EMULSIPICATION,
TANKERS, HASTEBATEH TREATMENT, HASTE OIL TREATMENT,
REFINERIES,
TANKERS, ENVIRONHENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION, LIABILITY,
TANKERS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
TRA N S PORT
TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL DISCHARGES,
LOAD-CN-TOP, *DOUBLE BOTTOMS,
TANKERS, INTERNATIONA; CONVENTIONS, OIL TRANSPORT,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES,
TANKERS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION
PREVEBTION, SHIPS, OIL DISCHARGES,
TANKERS, LEGISLATION, GREAT BRITAIN, ESTUARIES, OIL
DISCHARGES, EIIGES,
TAR, MONITORING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SARGASSO SEA,
TAB SANDS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, CANADA,
TAR SANCS, EIS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, 'WESTERN U.S.,
TA'R SANCS, EIS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, 'WESTERN U.S.,
TEXAS, CONTAMINATION, DRILLING, 'FRESHWATER AQUIFER,
TOXICITY, CLEANUP, EHULSIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
TOXICITY, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, OFFSHORE-DRILLING,
'DRILLING FLUID, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
TOXICITY, PETROCHEMICALS, HEALTH HAZARDS, *LIQUID
MEMBBANES,
336
-------
01574-76
C-1576-76
C-1580-76
C-1586-76
C-1592-76
C-1606-76
01609-76
01662-76
O1668-76
01684-76
01692-76
01705-76
01546-76
01717-76
01526-76
01632-76
01657-76
01628-76
01425-76
01381-76
01393-76
01556-76
01447-76
01469-76
01473-76
01474-76
01476-76
01482-76
01498-76
01511-76
01546-76
TOXICITY, CLEANUE, Oil SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS,
CORAL BEEFS,
TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS, PISH, INVERTEBRATES,
RED SEA,
TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, EMULSIFIEHS, MA.RINE ORGANISMS,
TOXICITY, CRUDE CIL, FUEL OIL, ANNELIDS, *NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
TOXICITY, CRUDE CIL, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS,
*NAPHTHALENE, *GRASS SHRIMP,
TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDROCA2BONS ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
TOXICITY, FUEL CIL, CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, DECOHEOSITION,
TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HASTEHATER,
OFFSHOBE-PBOEOCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
TOXICITY, BIODEGHADATION, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC,
TOXICITY, BIODEGHADATION, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, MICROORGANISMS,
TOXICITY, BIODEGHADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, INLAID, BIODEGBADATION,
U.S. GOVERNMENT, RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, WASTE OIL
TREATMENT, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECLAMATION,
U.S. GOVERNMENT, LEGISLATION, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
USSR, HAS1EHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, *SARATOV
RESE RVOIR
USSR, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PRODUCTION,
VENEZUELA, DRILLING, OIL HELLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
VIRGINIA, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
HASHINGTON, Oil TRANSFER, OFFSHORE-DEVELOPMENT,
OIL SPILLS,
HASTE OIL, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, ABSORPTION,
*LIPOPHILIC FIBERS,
HASTE OIL, REUSE, ABSORPTION,
HASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, ^EXTRACTION TSCHNIQUES,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , DESIGN AMD ENGINESRING, MANUALS,
GUIDELINES, CIL SPILLS, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECYCLING, LEGISLATION,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , PETROCHEMICALS, DISPERSIONS,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , SHIPS, INCINERATION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , REFINERIES, INCINERATION, SLUDGE,
EMULSIONS,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL BEFINEBIES, ADSORPTION,
ACTIVATED SLUDGE
HASTE OIL DISPCSIL RECOVERY, RECYCLING, REUSE,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL RECYCLING, B2USE,
HASTE OIL DISPOSAL RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, U.S.
GOVERNMENT, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
337
-------
C-1488-76
C-1489-76
C-1493-76
C-1529-76
C-1530-76
C-1534-76
C-1540-76
C-1543-76
C-1544-76
C-1545-76
C-1546-76
C-1547-76
C-1549-76
C-1550-76
C-1551-76
C-1552-76
C-1553-76
C-1554-76
C-1555-76
C-1557-76
01255-76
C-1263-76
C-1293-76
C-1318-76
C-1483-76
C-1593-76
C-1662-76
C-1478-76
C-1501-76
C-1522-76
C-1608-76
C-1645-76
C-1J38-76
MASTE OIL TREATMENT, HASTEHATEH TREATMENT, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, LUBRICATING OILS,
BASTE OIL TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FILTRATION,
*HYDRCPHOBIC FIBSHS,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL SPILLS, ^SOLIDIFICATION,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, ABSOHPTION, *BLOCK COPOLYMEB
FIBERS,
HASTE CIL TREATMENT, SLUDGE, HEFINERIBS, RECYCLING,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
HASTESATER TREATMENT,
MASTE OIL TREATMENT, HASTEHATEH TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
TANKERS,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OILS,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, CRUDE OIL, SOLID
HASTE, *PYHOLYSIS,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL,
RECYCLING,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, U.S.
GOVERNMENT, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL , RECLAMATION,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, RECYCLING, REGULATIONS,
LEGISLATION,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, R3FINING,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, CRANKCASE OIL,
LUBRICATING Oil, FUEL OIL,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, CRANKCASE OIL,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OILS,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
HASTE OIL TREATMENT, IRRIGATING OIL, RECLAMATION,
HASTEHATES, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
HYDROCAEBONS, HEFINERIKS,
HASTEHATEB, MONITORING, DETECTION, CONTAMINATION,
"•FLUORESCENCE, *IR AND UV LIGHT MEASUREMENT,
HASTEHATER, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROMATCGRAPHY,
HASTEHATER, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS,
HASTEHATIR, GUIDELINES, REFINERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
HASTEHATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, REFINERIES,
MOLLUSKS, KOREA, SOOTH,
HASTEHATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE-PRODUCTION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, TOXICITY,
HASTEHATER DISPOSAL , INCINERATION,
HASTEHATER DISPOSAL , OIL HELLS, HASTBHATER TREATMENT,
RECYCLING,
HASTBHATER DISPOSAL , REFINERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
HASTEHATBR DISPOSAL , ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, PETROCHEMICALS,
HASTEHATER DISPOSAL , OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HASTEHATE6 TREATMENT, DISPEflSANTS, CLEANUP, PIPELINES,
338
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01374-76
O1423-76
01447-76
0141*8-76
O1460-76
01461-76
01462-76
01463-76
C-1464-76
01465-76
01466-76
01467-76
01468-76
C-1470-76
01471-76
C-1472-76
01475-76
01477-76
C-1479-76
C-1480-76
01481-76
C-1484-76
01485-76
C-1486-76
C-1488-76
01490-76
01491-76
O1492-76
O1494-76
C-1495-76
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATEfi SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COAGULATION,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, NORTH
SEA, MONITORING, *OIL TERMINAL,
HASTEHATZB TREITMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS,
GUIDELINES, OIL SPILLS, HASTE OIL DISPOSAL ,
HASTEHA1EH TREATMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, MANUALS,
OIL SPILLS, EILGES, EIS,
HASTEHAIIB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
BASTEHATBB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, SLODGE,
SOLVENTS, DISTILLATION,
SOLID HASTE, *SAPETY
VSJ.K +ff±t,tm.*t t**.«JJjJ, UJ.LS
HASTEHAIIB TREATMENT, OIL
BASTEHATBB TRBATBENT, OIL-HATER SJ3FAHATJLUN, SLUU
SOLVENTS, DISTILLATION,
HASTEHAIER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, SOLID HASTE, *
ASPECTS LNG,
HASTEHAIIEH TREATMENT, OIL SPILLS, HATBH DUALITY,
GROUNDHATER,
HASTEBAIE8 TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
OFFSHOBE-PROEUCTIOH, RECOVERY,
HASTEHAIEH TREATMENT, OIL-MATER SEPARATION, BILGES,
HASTEHAIEB TREATMENT, BILGES, TANKERS,
HASTEHAIEB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, SHIPS, BILGES, DESIGN AND
• a J ifi w n 4 en J.n u a *. ao a A , \*^MI •».•*.». •>«•.
BASTEHAIER TREATMENT, BILGES, TANKE
HASTEBAIE8 TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEP
HASTEBATER TREATMENT, SHIPS, BILGES
ENGINEERING,
ISTEBAIER TREATMENT, OIL-MATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
i3»U^N££l»J
HASTEHA1ER
FLOCCULATION,
HASTEMA1EF TREATMENT, OIL-HATBR SEPARATION, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, ADSORPTION,
HASTEHA1EH TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
*ELECTRCLYSIS,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-BATEH SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE,
HASTEMATEB TREATMENT, REFINERIES, REGULATIONS, *PEIMARY
TREATMENT, *SECOND AND TERTIARY TREATMENT,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, EMULSIONS,
MASTEHA1IR TREATMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, SHIPS,
BILGES, BALLAST,
HASTEiATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FILTRATION, PLOCCULATION,
HASTEHATEE TREATMENT, RECOVERY, HYDROCARBONS,
ADSORPTION,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, *FOAM PELLETS,
HASTEHAIER TREATHENT, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL-HATSR
SEPARATION, LUBRICATING OILS,
HASTEHAIER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, FLOCCULATION,
COAGULATION,
HASTEHA1EB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPAHATIOI, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
HASTEHA1EB TREATMENT, OIL-HATSR SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION, ADSORPTION,
HASTEHAIER TREATMENT, BALLAST, OIL DISCHARGES,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, *OIL LOADING TERMINAL,
339
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O1496-76
01U97-76
01499-76
C-1500-76
01501-76
C-1502-76
01503-76
01504-76
C-1505-76
C-1506-76
C-1507-76
C-1508-76
C-1509-76
01510-76
01512-76
O1514-76
O1515-76
C-1516-76
01517-76
01518-76
01519-76
01520-76
01521-76
01522-76
01523-76
01524-76
01525-76
01526-76
01527-76
HASTEHATER TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, SHIPS,
*SURFACE CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS,
HASTEHATEB TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
HASTEHATEB TREATHENT, FLOCCULATION, OIL-HATER
SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
HASTEHATEB TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
FLOCCULATION,
HASTEHATER TREATHENT, OIL HELLS, HASTEHATER DISPOSAL ,
RECYCLING,
HASTEHATEB TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION, FILTRATION,
UASTEHA1EB TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION, FLOTATION,
HASTEHATEB TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
COALESCENCE,
WASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OXIDATION,
UASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, *VACUUfl
STRIPPING,
WASTEUATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE ,
UASTEUATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, FISHEBIES,
WASTEHATER TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION, FILTRATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, ADSORPTION,
*ACTIVATED CARBON,
UASTEHATEB TREATHENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
UASTEHATEB TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
HASTEHATEB TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES,
FLOTATION, EMULSIONS,
HASTEHATER TREATHENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, BILGES,
FILTRATION,
WASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
*MAGNETIC FE PARTICLES,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, ADSORPTION, DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, REFINERIES, HASTEHATER DISPOSAL ,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, TANKERS, BALLAST, BACTERIA,
EMULSIFICATICN,
UASTEHATEB TREATHENT, SHIPS, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
REUSE,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, GUIDELINES, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
REFINERIES,
WASTEHATEB TREATMENT, REFINERIES, USSR, ^SARATOV
RESEBVOIS,
UASTEHATEB TREATMENT, MODELS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, *OLEFIN PRODUCTION,
340
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C-1528-76
01531-76
C-1532-76
01533-76
01534-76
01535-76
C-1536-76
01537-76
O1538-76
01539-76
01540-76
01541-76
01684-76
01737-76
01280-76
01463-76
C-1533-76
01676-76
01716-76
01310-76
01695-76
01697-76
01703-76
01714-76
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, DESIGN ANU
ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, MONITORING, HATER
QUALITY,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, HASTE
OIL TREATMENT,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES,
FLOTATION, FLCCCULATION,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, ABSORPTION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, CRUDE OIL,
iivnonr-» BOO us *D/IT VPTUV T PHP DDUHRB
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, ABSORPTION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, *POLYETHYLENE POHDER,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, OIL-HATEB SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
HASTEHATER TREATMENT, HASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
TANKERS,
HASTEHATEH TREATMENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
HASTEHAIEB TREATMENT, BIODEGRADATION, REFINERIES,
TOXICITY, MICROORGANISMS,
HASTEHATEB TREATMENT, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS,
PIPELINES, EUROPE,
HATER QUALITY, REMOTE SENSING, MODELS, OIL SLICKS,
HATER QCALITY, HASIEHATER TREATMENT, OIL SPILLS,
GROUNEHATER,
HATER QUALITY, REFINERIES, HASTEHATER TREATMENT,
MONITOBING,
HATER QUALITY, EIODEGBADATIOS, REGULATIONS,
EMULSIFICATION, CBANKCASE OIL,
HATER QUALITY, LEGISLATION, GROUNDHATSR, CONTAMINATION,
DRILLING,
HEATHEHING, SOUBCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL
SLICKS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SAMPLING,
HEATHERING, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS,
DISPERSIONS, CHEMICAL,ANALYSIS, CRUDE OIL,
HEATHERING, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION,
*DISSOLUTION, *OCEAN HATERS,
HEATHERING, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
BIODEGBADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HEATHERING, DECOMPOSITION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, SOIL,
341
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APPENDIX
Periodicals Reviewed
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Alaska Seas and Coasts
Alternatives: Perspectives on Society and Environment
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Transactions
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Audubon
Australian Science Index
Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommision fur
Meeresforschung
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
British Birds
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
California Water Pollution Control Association Bulletin
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Meek
Chemistry in Canada
Chemosphere
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Deep-Sea Research
Ecolibrium
Ecological Abstracts
Ecological Society of America Bulletin
Ecology Law Quarterly
Energy Review
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Geology
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Letters
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Environmental Technology and Economics
EPAuReports Bibliography Quarterly
Erdol und Kohle Erdgas Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoffchemie
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
342
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Fuel Abstracts and Current Titles
Government Reports Announcements
IMS Newsletter
India Journal of Environmental Health
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin
International Aerospace Abstracts
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
International Petroleum Abstracts
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Chemistry
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Geotechnology
Marine Newsletter
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Marine Science Contents Tables
Marine Technology Society, Journal
Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts
Massachusetts Audubon
Microbial Ecology
National Fisherman
National Petroleum News
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Nature
New Technical Books
Nippon Susan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society
of Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Engineering
Ocean Industry
Ocean Management
Ocean Oil Weekly Report
Oceanic Abstracts
Oceanus
Offshore
Oil and Gas Journal
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Petroleum Engineer International
343
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Petroleum Today
Pollution Abstracts
Pollution Engineering
Proceedings in Print
Resources
Resource Recovery and Conservation
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Science
Science News
Science of the Total Environment
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Sea Technology
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Sierra Club, San Francisco, Bulletin
Technical Book Review
The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The International Journal of Environmental Studies
The Sciences
UDS Water Quality Control Digest
Underwater Information Bulletin
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
Western Fisheries
344
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the. reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/2-76-266
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
MAY 1976 - July 1976
7, AUTHOR(S)
Penelope Melvin and Helmut Ehrenspeck
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
October 1976 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB041
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803992
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly May - July 1976
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES CQQ o 1 ™ T7T3A £-?n/O 7 S nm PR_9Af> 71Q? KPA-fi7D / 9-7 S-f)£A . PR-9A9 ^A>
_,— aee aXSO UrA— O/U/ L— / J—UUJ, ro—^.HU 'J-?> £j.rn— u/ \j/ t.— / j—u^i-, ru— jiH^. Jt.
EPA-670/2-75-059, PB-243 724; EPA-600/2-76-113, PB-258 745; EPA-600/2-76-129, PB-258
852; EPA-600/2-76-185. PB-257 886; EPA-600/2-76-215
16. ABSTRACT
The May 1976 - July 1976 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Report is the eighth quarterly
compilation of oil spill events and oil pollution report summaries. Presented in
the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill events; (b) summaries and bibliographic
literature citations; (c) summaries of current research projects; and (d) patent
summaries. This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-803992
by the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, under the
sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a' DESCRIPTORS
*Bibliographies
*Summaries
*Patents
*Documents
*Research
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to public
-
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
21. NO. OF PAGES
355
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
345
AUSGPO: 1977 — 757-056/5459 Region 5-11
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