EPA-600/4-76-051
September 1976
Environmental Monitoring Series
A SURVEY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
AUTOMATIC WASTEWATER SAMPLERS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2, Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING series.
This series describes research conducted to develop new or improved methods
and instrumentation for the identification and quantification of environmental
pollutants at the lowest conceivably significant concentrations. It also includes
studies to determine the ambient concentrations of pollutants in the environment
and/or the variance of pollutants as a function of time or meteorological factors.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service. Springfield. Virginia 22161.
-------
EPA-600/4-76-051
September 1976
A SURVEY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
AUTOMATIC WASTEWATER SAMPLERS
by
Richard P. Lauch
Instrumentation Development Branch
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Cincinnati, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recom-
mendation for use.
11
-------
FOREWORD
Environmental measurements are required to determine the quality
of ambient waters and the character of waste effluents. The
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Cincinnati
conducts research to:
Develop and evaluate techniques to measure the presence
and concentration of physical, chemical, and radiologi-
cal pollutants in water, wastewater, bottom sediments,
and solid waste.
Investigate methods for the concentration, recovery, and
identification of viruses, bacteria and other microbio-
logical organisms in water. Conduct studies to determine
the responses of aquatic organisms to water quality.
Conduct an Agency-wide quality assurance program to assure
standardization and quality control of systems for moni-
toring water and wastewater.
Included in its investigations, the Instrumentation Development
Branch, EMSL, has pursued instrumentation surveys, one of which
is summarized in this report. This survey, on automatic samplers,
is encapsulated by the tabulation and includes most recent devices
available as well as a listing of related references
Dwight G. Ballinger
Director
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Cincinnati
111
-------
ABSTRACT
This is a survey of commercial automatic wastewater samplers that
are currently available. Pertinent characteristics for wastewater
samplers known to the author are tabularized. Additional comments
including short descriptions of each manufacturers1 equipment are
given. Manufacturers names and addresses are included. A litera-
ture review of the more recent reports on automatic wastewater
samplers is also included.
IV
-------
CONTENTS
Abstract iv
Sections
I Introduction 1
II Review 3
III Commercially Available Automatic Wastewater Samplers 12
Tabulation 12
Sampler Manufacturers and Additional Comments 19
IV Discussion 31
V References 32
-------
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
Passage of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Admendments
of 1972 (PL 92-500) and the ensuing National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit program have stressed the need
for accurate and reliable effluent monitoring.
Under the NPDES permit program, dischargers are required to moni-
tor and report the amount and nature of all waste components so
that compliance or noncompliance with the permit can be determined.
Fulfillment of permit obligations will require one of the follow-
ing types of monitoring:
Continuous
Aperiodic
Grab sample
Automatic sampling
Continuous monitoring involves passing the sample over sensors or
through an instrument that continually analyzes for specific
parameters. Telemetering data into a computer for storage, statis-
tical analyses, and printout are usually included with continuous
monitoring. Aperiodic monitoring involves collecting a waste
sample at varying intervals when specific parameters are out of
tolerance or a change in flow characteristics mandates a sample.
A grab sample is a single sample that will characterize a waste
stream for a single point in time or over a period of time through
which the waste concentrations remained constant.
Automatic sampling involves the collection of waste samples on a
time- or flow-proportional basis and these samples are deposited
sequentially into either discrete bottles or a single container.
It should also be noted that aperiodic samples can be triggered by
a continuous monitor and collected into an automatic sampler (STPS).*
All of the above methods of monitoring except STPS have been dis-
cussed in previous literature and will not be repeated here.
*Triggering an automatic sampler from a continuous monitor is called
a Sample Taker Parametric System (STPS) and this system is based
upon selected water quality parametric amplitudes, rather than time
invariant or flow-proportional parameters. Mentink1 developed speci-
fications for the STPS which are included in EPA's "Specifications
for an Integrated Water Quality Data Acquisition System - Eighth
Edition."
-------
The purpose of this report is to bring information on commercially
available automatic wastewater samplers up to date for those who
require samplers. All U.S. companies that manufacture automatic
wastewater samplers are listed with addresses and telephone
numbers. Apologies are extended to any company that was inad-
vertently omitted. Summarized descriptions of different sampler
models are tabularized and additional pertinent comments are
included. This document does not recommend any particular brand
of sampler but merely compiles the available information into one
report so that those who require this equipment can make a rational
selection.
A program for investigating performance of automatic wastewater
samplers, both within the laboratory and in the field, has been
initiated by the Instrumentation Development Branch, Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Cincinnati (EMSL). Laboratory
investigations are performed to determine if the sampler complies
with manufacturer's specifications for accuracy and precision of
timers, flow meters, sample volumes, sample multiplexing, and
other characteristics specific to each sampler including elec-
tronic control stability. Laboratory investigations also include
tests to determine adequacy of cooling through refrigeration or
icing, battery endurance, and component failure. Field tests are
made to determine if the sample is representative for suspended
solids, other parameters, and loss of data because of clogging or
other failure.
-------
SECTION II
REVIEW
There are a number of reports that would be helpful to those
contemplating purchase of automatic wastewater samplers. Some of
these more recent reports will be discussed here.
Shelley and Kirkpatrick^ describe most of the automatic wastewater
samplers that are commercially available and they include the names
and addresses of manufacturers so that potential users will know
where to purchase this equipment or obtain additional information.
They also give an interesting discussion on intakes that includes
solids distribution within a stream, and variation of solids col-
lection with intake orientation and intake velocity. Velocity
within the sampling train is discussed. Specific examples that
illustrate the accuracy of different methods of proportioning
including simple composite, volume-proportional to instantaneous
flow rate, volume-proportional to flow since last sample, and time-
proportional to flow since last sample are given.
Shelley^ reports on the design and testing of a prototype automatic
sewer sampling system. The prototype sampler is described and
results of field and lab tests given. Field sampling was to demon-
strate reliability and lab testing was to determine representative
collection of solids. Synthetic solids were used with specific
gravities ranging from 0.92 to 2.65. Four different commercially
available samplers were also tested under the same flow conditions
as the prototype. Overall performance of the prototype sampler was
relatively good for solids with specific gravity of 1.06. Perform-
ance of the prototype was more erratic at a specific gravity of
2.65. Performance of the commercially available samplers was more
erratic than the prototype at both specific gravities. The report
also discusses the requirements of a sampling system when broken
down into five basic subsystems that include intake, gathering sys-
tem, transport, storage, and controls. An interesting discussion
of the intake function is presented that includes intake orientation,
intake velocity, flow velocity, particle size and solids specific
gravity.
Harris and Keffer4 performed field evaluations on the Sigmamotor,
Brailsford, ISCO, SIRCO, Pro-Tech, QCEC, and N-Con samplers. They
analyzed samples according to Standard Methods5 for biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nonfilter-
able solids (NFS). Data obtained from different compositor
-------
combinations were compared to each other and to those resulting
from manual sampling methods. These sampler comparison studies on
raw waste showed variations in water chemistry data that were
greater than could be explained by laboratory analytical error and
variation between samplers for NFS was the most significant.
The U.S. Army6 has performed an extensive evaluation of different
wastewater samplers that included both lab and field studies.
Synthetic waters were used in their lab studies and these included
tests for representative collection of biologicals, biodegradables,
suspended solids, colloids, dissolved gases, and volatile organics.
Field tests were for suspended solids and reliability. Conclusions
included a ranking of the 16 samplers tested based on physical capa-
bility, reliability, and representative sample collection.
Craft, et al, discusses commercially available wastewater sampling
and monitoring equipment and includes descriptions of the following
water samplers: FMC (Tru-Test), N-Con (Sentinel), Phipps and Bird,
QCEC (model E), BIF (Sanitrol), Lakeside (Trebler), Bristol Engi-
neering (model M4), Pro-Tech, Brailsford, and Sigmamotor.
o
The handbook for monitoring industrial wastewater is an excellent
guide that explains different methods of automatic wastewater sample
collection and includes a section on the different types of flow-
measuring equipment for wastewater flow.
Wood and Stanbridge9 reported on different samplers that are used in
England. Different manufacturers and methods of collection are dis-
cussed. Suspended solids results are given for a test in which five
samplers drawing from a receptacle containing well-screened sewage
were compared with manual samples. Four of the samplers compared
favorably and one that used a very low continuous flowrate only
collected 77 percent of the average solids. Volumetric accuracy of
their U-Tube sampler was best for the samplers that were compared.
Shelley and Kirkpatrick10 discuss over 70 different generic types of
primary flow measurement devices according to the fundamental physi-
cal principles involved along with evaluations regarding their
suitability for measurement of storm and combined sewer flows. A
review of commercially available flow measurement equipment, listing
manufacturer and including a description of each device, is given.
A review of selected U.S. EPA project experience in flow measurement
is presented along with a summary of current ongoing research efforts•
The report also includes a review of the characteristics of storm and
combined sewer flows, a discussion of the need for such flow measure-
ment, the types of flow data required, and the time element in flow
-------
data. Requirements and desirable features of flow measurement
equipment along with an evaluation sheet that can be used for
specific application is presented.
performed a statistical evaluation on Sonford (Serco) sam-
plers to confirm whether manual and automatic sampling methods are
equivalent. Their results showed that the vacuum type automatic
sampler evaluated in their study, may be used to collect repre-
sentative wastewater samples on a composite basis. They also
suggested sampler modifications to provide adequate sample preser-
vation.
Performance of the Manning model S-4000 wastewater sampler and the
model F-3000 flow meter was investigated. 12 The sampler and flow
meter were tested at temperatures of 2, 20, and 35C to determine
accuracy, precision, and drift. Battery endurance was determined.
Discrete sample temperatures versus time were recorded under iced
conditions to determine preservation capability. Field tests were
performed to determine representative collection of suspended solids
and ability of the unattended sampler to collect raw sewage sam-
ples over a 24-hour period.
A report on application and procurement of automatic wastewater
samplers13 discusses different sampler characteristics and includes
compositing, proportionality, preservation, lift, and power require-
ments. Application is discussed with reference to compliance with
the NPDES Permit program. Selection and procurement of automatic
wastewater samplers are included.
Performance investigation of an ISCO model 1391 water and waste-
water sampler was reported. Laboratory tests were made to
determine accuracy and precision of the timer, flow meter, and
sample volumes. Battery endurance was determined and sample
temperatures were recorded under iced conditions to determine
preservation capability for a 24-hour period.
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste^S should be con-
sulted before sampler purchase to determine the preservatives
(such as sample cooling or chemical addition) that may be required
for the parameters of interest. Some samplers include an ice chest,
others provide mechanical refrigeration, and some permit the addi-
tion of more than one preservative; therefore there is a need to
consider the type of sample preservation that will be required
before sampler purchase.
-------
The Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and
Wastewater16 discusses sampling program objectives, type of sample,
use of automatic samplers, flow measurement, sampling techniques,
preservation, sampling statistics, and methods.
Figures 1 through 6 depict some typical components of automatic
wastewater samplers. Figures 7, 8 and 9 show typical flow meters
for collecting samples that are proportional to flow. These
specific pictures were chosen for illustration only and they do
not constitute endorsement of this equipment or recommendation for
use.
-------
Figure 1. Top of ISCO water sampler, showing pump,
controls and battery.
Figure 2. Intake of Manning Model S-4000 water sampler.
-------
Figure 3. Solid-state control circuitry of
Manning Model S-4000 water sampler.
Figure 4. N-Con Sentry 500 water sampler showing
intake, bottle rack, stepping arm, pump,
and controls.
-------
Figure 5. Sample tray, discrete sample bottles,
and ice compartment of ISCO water sampler.
Figure 6. Constant volume chamber
of Manning water sampler.
-------
Figure 7. ISCO Model 1470 float-type flow meter.
10
-------
I Milt lull!
'.'IH INSTRUMENT
Figure 8. Manning Model F-3000 dipper-type
flow meter.
Figure 9. Sigmamotor Model LMS 400 bubbler-type
flow meter.
-------
SECTION III
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE AUTOMATIC WASTEWATER SAMPLERS
This section of the report includes a tabulation on pages 13 and
14 that illustrates the characteristics of the different samplers
provided by 28 manufacturers. One contemplating procurement of
commercial wastewater samplers can minimize his catalog research
by employing the tabulation. Additional comments including items
that would not fit into the table along with manufacturer's
addresses are given following the table. There may be a few
sampler manufacturers that were inadvertently omitted and these
companies are invited to send the Agency their sampler informa-
tion.
TABULATION
An explanation of the sampler table is in order because tables
require succinctness but a little more detail is required, so the
following definitions of the headings within the table are given:
Manufacturer - The name given is the company name or the common
brand name that is known to the sampler. Complete names,
addresses, and phone numbers for each company are included fol-
lowing the table.
Model number - Model numbers include the company's basic model
or models. Different models with slight variations may also
be available.
Approximate cost - Costs are constantly changing so that quota-
tions can easily differ from the tabulation. Prices given
approximate the sampler costs and includes refrigeration for
regrigerated models but not the flow meter for flow-proportional
models.
Dimensions and Weight - Dimensions and weight are subject to
slight variations as manufacturers incorporate modifications
to compete in a field that is presently very dynamic.
Sample Bottles^ - Number of sample bottles is usually fixed. In
some cases a compositor that collects multiple discrete samples
can be coverted to collect a single composite. Capacity may
also be changed on some units to satisfy the user's needs.
12
-------
MANUFACTURER
KF Sanitrol
Brailsford
Brailsford
Brailsford
Brailsford
BVS
BVS
BVS
BVS
Bristol
Chandler
Collins
EMA
ETS
Fluid Kinetics
FMCCorp.
Horizon
lydragard
Hydra-Numatic
ISCO
ISCO
ISCO
jkeside
Manning
Markland
Markland
N-Con
N-Con
MODEL NO
41-4
EVS-3B
DC-F
OU-2
EP
PP-100
pre-ioo
SE-400
SE-600
M-4KT
SR-10
40-2R
200 AC
FS-4
CuBtom
Doalgn
Tru-Test
7578
FP
HNS
1392
1480
1580
T2
S-4000
1301
104T-CLK
Surveyor
Scout
APPRO X. I
COST Oil
67
67
296
373
373
700
900
2700
2900
941
2245
1343
239
100
2850
600
370
1980
200
800
900
855
350
150
250
275
520
DIMENSIONS
WD.» DPTH.» HT.
or Dl*.« HT.
27.3 x 25.4 xVA
30.5 x 22.9 x 48.
30.5 x 24 x 48.3
30.5 x 22.9 x 48.3
Small
31.8 x 25.4 x 46
43.2 x 49.5 x 45.1
61 x 61 x 122
61 x 61 x 122
7.6 x 30.4
27.2 x 59.7 x 108
50.8 x 61 x 122
20x83
108 x 46 x 55
49.6 x 60.4 x 131
40.6 x 23.5 x 57.2
10.2 x 74
91.4x33.4x91.4
49.5 x 53.3
48.5 x 64.8
48.5 x 64.8
43.8 x 57.2
3.2 x 30.5 x 71.1
Small
5.6 x 15.3 x 43.2
H
2 ?
18.1
8.7
8.72
8.72
L
35
79.5
79.5
3.2
45.4
100
9.1
31.8
I47.6
12.7
3.2
90.8
18.2
14.1
14.1
25
18.1
7.2
L
10
BOTTLES
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
28
1
1
1
24
1
1
1
1
757
378
757
757
3785
9463
5678
18,925
18,925
3785
8000
18,925
U
3785
7500
9463
U
18,925
500
11,350
1,350
U
500
7570
7570
U
3785
ul
Ref.
Ret.
Ref.
Ref
Ref.
Ice
Ref.
Ref.
ce
ce
ce
Ref.
ce
MATERIALS EXPOSED
TO SAMPLES
Nalgene
'olypropylen
*olypropylen
Polypropylen
Polypropylen
Plastic
Plastic
Polyethylene
Polyethylene
Polypropylen
'olyethylene
Polyethylene
U
Plastic
Polyethylene
olyetnylene
u
Polyethylene
'olyethylene
Polyethylene
Polyethylene
U
Polyethylene
Polyethylene
U
U
olypropylena
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Plastic
Plastic
PVC
Polyethylene
Plastic
Tygon
Plastic
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Plastic
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
U
Tygon
Other
Fiberglass
Plexiglas
Teflon
Teflon
Teflon
PVC
PVC
PVC
PVC
Stainless
U
Polypropylene
Aluminum
Noryl
Silicone
Stainless
Bronze
Silicone
Silicone
Silicone
Plexiglas
Plexiglas
E.P.T.
E.P.T.
Buna-N
Silicone
*JI
m
10.2
23.2
23.2
23.2
H
H
L
93.3
75
96.3
24.1
96.3
H
H
12.1
to
V
762
182
213
213
213
6096
6096
975
671
610
77
883
457
914
457
790
790
790
670
914
914
182
457
1 IIUUI)
pmviNi
3.1G
3.16
3.16
3.16
3.16
12.7
50.8
9.5
9.5
50.8
4.8
9.5
12.7
6.35
£.35
6.35
12.7
9.5
6.35
6.35
12.7
6.35
TyPE OF
PUMP
Dipper
Vacuum
Piston
Piston
Piston
Pressure
Pressure
Submersible
Submersible
Plunger into
Pipeline
Vacuum
Moyno
Solenoid
Plunger
Peristaltic
Centrifugal
Peristaltic
Pressure
Impeller
Peristaltic
Peristaltic
Peristaltic
Scoop
Vacuum
Pressure
Pressure
Impeller
Peristaltic
PURGE 1
CYCLE 1
X
X
X
X
X
CONTROLS
'rop
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
lime
Prop
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Solid
State
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
POWER
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
£
CO
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
n
•
X
X
X
X
X
ft
Ss
F
P
P
P
p
P
P
F
f
F
F
F
F
P
F
F
P
P
F
P
P
P
F
P
P
F
P
P
X • HAS. U • USER SUPPLIED , L • LOW, H • HIGH
-------
MANUFACTURER
N-Con
N-Con
N-Con
NP Enterprises
Phips & Bird
Pro-Tech
Pro-Tech
Pro-Tech
Pro-Tech
OCEC
QCEC
QCEC
QCEC
Sigmamotor
Sigmamotor
Sigmamotor
Sigmamotor
Sigmamotor
Sigmamotor
Sigmamotor
Sigmamotor
SIRCO
SIRCO
SIRCO
SIRCO
Sonford
Sonford
TMI
TMI
Tri-Aid Sciences
Waste Watcher
MODEL NO.
Sentry
Trebler
Sentinel
NPE
8392-300
CG-125
CG-150
CEL-300
Da-240S
CVE
E
CVE II
LF
WD-1
WD-5
WM-4-24
WM-6-24
HAP-2
WAP-5
WM-1-24R
HAC-5R
B/ST-VS
B/IE-VS
B/OP-VS
MK-VS
NW-3
HG-4
MARK 38
MARK 48
CUSTOM
DESIGN
CS/TP
x •
o. 0
< U
1100
1600
850
800
900
1500
5700
570
1000
950
960
650
1100
1100
1400
700
1050
1525
1300
1670-
1100-
1778
'TTT?
VsM
1000
500
845
950
1425
DIMENSIONS
»D.« OPTH.K HT.
or DIA.K HT.
(cms)
40.6 x 35.6 x 33
58.5 x 25.4 x 147.4
33 x 25.4 x 43.2
33 x 25.4 x 43.2
33 x 48.3 x 43.2
76.2x81.2x182.9
38.1 x 38.1 x 60.9
20.3 x33x VAR.
38.1 x 43.2 x 38.1
39.4 x 7.7
34.3 x 25.4 x 36.9
50 x 37 x 64
50 x 37 x 64
50 x 37 x 64
34.3 x 25.4 x 36.9
50 x 37 x 64
53.4 x 55.9 x 86.4
53.4 x 55.9 x 125
40.7 x 40.7 x 55.9
39.4 x 39.4 x 68
33.8x31.4x33.5
36.8 x 66
38 x 38 x 47
20 x 20 x 7
II
*
15.9
84
9.1
9.1
13.7
24.9
45.4
15.9
10
14
27
25.4
29
11.4
19.1
56.8
44.5
127
123
91
17
23.2
14.5
20.2
10.5
SAMPLE
BOTTLES
Mo.
24
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
24
1
1
1
1
1
1
24
24
1
1
24
1
24
1
24
i
24
24
1
12
24
1
Cap.
(mil
450
U
7570
U
5678
5678
5678
100
1893
U
3785
U
9462
18,925
450
450
9462
18,925
460
18,925
473
15.140
SOO
473
3785
570
570
U
a
*"o
o
REF.
REF.
REF.
REF.
ICE
ICE
REF.
REF.
REF.
REF.
REF.
REF
MATERIALS EXPOSED
TO SAMPLES
Bottles
Glass
U
Polyethylene
U
TFE Resins
TFE Resins
TFE Resins
TFE Resins
Glass
Glass
U
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Polyethylene
Stainless
Polyethylene
Plastic
Glass
Polyethylene
Glass
Glass
U
Tubing
Tygon
TFE Resins
TFE Resins
PVC
Stainless
Tygon
Plexiglas
U
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Plexiglas
PVC
PVC
PVC
Tygon
Tygon
Tygon
Silicone
Tygon
Other
Silicone
PVC
PVC
Stainless
PVC
PVC
PVC
PVC
Plexiglas
Stainless
Brass
Stainless
PVC
Plexiglas
Plexiglas
Stainless
Stainless
Stainless
Stainless
Silicone
Velocity in)
sample line!
(™i/~Kl\
12.1
H
99.7
99.7
H
H
9.7
4.2
9.7
4.2
9.7
4.2
9.7
VAR.
H
140
34
to
457
L
305
914
914
914
914
610
610
670
548
670
548
670
548
670
670
6096
670
396
53
300
300
762
670
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TyPE OF
PUMP
Peristaltic
Scoop
U
Vacuum
Dipper
Pressure
'ressure
Submersible
Submersible
Vacuum
Dipper
Vacuum
Plunger into
'pipeline
Nutating
Finger
Nutating
Finger
Nutating
Finger
Nutating
Finger
Vacuum
Dipper
Pressurized
Source
Vacuum
Evacuated
bottles
Telescoping
tuba
Evacuated
bottles
Evacuated
bottles
Peristaltic
Peristaltic
So
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CONTROLS
low
rop
X
X
X
X
X
X
iine
'rop
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
olid
tate
X
X
X
POWER
o
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
a
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
M
if
X
X
F
I
X
X
X
X
Sa
)S
p
F
F
F
F
p
p
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F
F
F
F
F
P
P
P
P
P
F
F
X - HAS. U - USER SUPPLIED, L - LOW. H - HIGH
-------
Type Cooling - This refers to mechanical refrigeration or an
ice compartment that is supplied by the manufacturer. If refrig-
eration is listed, it is included in the price. If not listed,
it may be possible for the user to supply his own refrigerator
or ice chest.
Materials Exposed to Samples - Materials exposed to the sample
are important because these compounds could dissolve into the
water sample and interfere with parameters that are of interest.
Materials listed in the table are supplied as standard equip-
ment; other materials may also be available on request.
Velocity in Sample Line - Velocity within the sample line is
of concern because it should be high enough to keep suspended
solids in solution. Relatively high velocity will also reduce
the effect of slime growth on the inside surface of the sample
tubing.
Maximum Lift - It is always best to install the sampler as
close to the waste stream as possible. Theoretically, surface
type pumps cannot lift water through a vertical distance of
more than one atmosphere; and it is a good rule of thumb not to
exceed 1/2 atmosphere.
Intake I.D. - Internal diameter of the sample line must be large
enough to allow solids of interest to pass and also to prevent
clogging, but increased diameter lowers velocity and solids may
be lost.
Type of Pump - Specific waste types and sampling conditions may
require a certain type of pump. Different manufacturers incorpo-
rate the following types of lifting mechanisms that are referred
to in the tabulation:
a) Dipper g) Moyno n) Scoop
b) Vacuum h) Solenoid plunger o) Pressurized
c) Piston i) Finger source
d) Pressure j) Nutating p) Evacuated
e) Submersible k) Peristaltic bottles
f) Plunger into 1) Centrifugal q) Telescoping
pipeline m) Impeller tube
a) Dipper - a dipper is a small bucket that revolves into the
waste stream on a chain or belt and then dumps the sample
into a funnel that directs it into a suitable container.
15
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b) Vacuum - vacuum pumps are diaphragm pumps that evacuate a
chamber and this allows atmospheric pressure to force the
sample into the evacuated chamber and then into the sample
container. Automatic solenoid valves are usually incor-
porated with vacuum pumps and these valves reverse the
direction of air flow so that the sample line is blown out
before and after taking a sample. Sample does not go
through the vacuum pump or the solenoid valve.
c) Piston - piston pumps for samplers are the syringe type that
pump at a constant and low flow rate.
d) Pressure - pressure, listed under type of pump in the table,
refers to pneumatic ejection of the sample from a chamber
within the waste stream through a line and into the sample
container.
e) Submersible - submersible pumps are mounted within the waste
stream and include the intake, pump, electric motor and
power leads.
f) Plunger into pipeline - plunger into pipeline is a method of
removing a sample from full pipeline flow that is usually
under pressure. A hollowed chamber on the end of a shaft is
forced into the pipeline by a pneumatic cylinder or electric
solenoid and then withdrawn so that the sample is allowed to
drain into a container.
g) Moyno - moyno pumps are positive displacement worm type
pumps that are manufactured by Robbins and Myers Corpora-
tion.
h) Solenoid plunger - this method is used by Environmental
Marketing Associates and is explained on page 21.
,j,k) Finger, nutating, and perististaltic are three different
types of motion applied to the outer tubing surface that
result in the same effect. Tubing ware, metering accuracy,
flow rate, pressure and power requirements are factors to
consider when selecting these pumps.
1) Centrifugal - centrifugal pumps draw sample into the eye of
an impeller and centrifugal force expels sample at the
periphery with sufficient pressure to overcome friction
losses and lift between the pump and the sample container.
Centrifugal pumps are not self-priming and the sample line
between the eye of the impeller and the waste stream must
be filled with water to start the pump.
m) Impeller - impeller pumps that are referred to in the table
are semi-positive displacement units that incorporate a
rubber impeller and are self-priming for small lifts.
n) Scoop - scoops listed in the table mean the Trebler scoop
that is manufactured by Lakeside Equipment Company. Dimen-
sions of the Trebler scoop are such that this device will
16
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collect a sample that is flow-proportional when it is
properly installed upstream from a weir or flume.
o) Pressurized source - sample is taken from a liquid flow
that is supplied from an external pressure source. No
pump is included with the sampler.
p) Evacuated bottles - when this principle is used, a vacuum
pump or hand pump is supplied to evacuate the sample bot-
tles. Bottles are sealed with spring clips and these clips
are released sequentially through a timer and sample is
drawn into the bottle.
q) Telescoping tube - Sonford Products Corporation (Model HG-9)
incorporates a hollow telescoping tube that dips into the
waste stream and upon return, the sample drains down the
inside of the tube and into the sample container.
Purge Cycle - This means that the sample lines are forcibly
backflushed before or after the sample is taken. Some samplers
backflush the sample line, both before and after the sample is
taken.
Controls
a) Flow-proportional samplers are listed in the table, as
being flow-proportional only if the company actually manu-
facturers a flow meter. The price, listed in the table,
does not include the cost of the flow meter. The Trebler
scoop and Hydragard (Model FP) are exceptions in that these
units are inherently flow-proportional when installed up-
stream from a weir or flume and they do not require an
additional flow meter at extra cost. Many of the other
samplers that are listed in the table will sample propor-
tional to flow if a flow-proportional signal is supplied
by the user.
b) Time-proportional. This is usually included as standard
equipment on all of the samplers that are listed.
c) Solid-state. An (X) under solid state means that solid-
state circuits are used throughout the controls without
mechanical relays, stepping switches, or mechanical timers.
Power requirements - power source requirements of specific
samplers are given by an (X) in the table. In all cases, a
battery-powered unit will also operate on 115 VAC through an
appropriate converter.
17
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Portable or Fixed - (F) or (P) in the table indicates if the
unit is fixed or portable, respectively.
Some manufacturers will provide custom designed sampling instal-
lations on request and a few manufacturers specialize mainly in
custom designed permanent installations. These companies have
a line of standard components that they can adapt to the specific
needs of the user.
18
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SAMPLER MANUFACTURERS AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
1. BIF Sanitrol
Unit of General Signal Corporation
P.O. Box 4, 1800 12th Street, SE
Largo, Florida 33540 Telephone: 813-584-2157
BIF markets a dipper-type sampler with timer that delivers a sam-
ple every 1.88, 3, 7.15, or 15 minutes. A flow-proportional
contact closure will activate their standard samplers and 4 to 20
ma or 1- to 5-volt signal converters for flow-proportioning are
also available at extra cost. Sample cooling with an all stain-
less steel refrigerator is available. The basic sampler is made
of fiber glass including the sampling cup, but stainless steel is
also available. Another version of the BIF sampler uses a pump to
deliver a continuous flow through a flume with a sampling cabinet.
A portion of sample is dipped from this flume on either a time- or
flow-proportioned basis. The lower part of the cabinet is refrig-
erated and this section contains the composite sample container.
2. Brailsford & Company Incorporated
Milton Road
Rye, New York 10580 Telephone: 914-967-1820
The Brailsford sampler incorporates either a vacuum or a piston
pump. Units are either AC or battery powered. An explosion-
proof model is available. These units are lightweight, relatively
small in size, and convenient for field use; but an additional ice
chest is required if the samples are to be cooled. Samples can be
either time-proportioned or linearly-proportioned to water level.
3. Bradywine Valley Sales Company (BVS)
P.O. Box 243
Honey Brook, Pennsylvania 19344 Telephone: 215-273-2841
The models PP-100 and PPR-100 are small lightweight gas operated
portable samplers. The sample chamber fills by gravity and the
sample remains in the chamber until the timer activates a valve
that directs pressurized gas (usually Freon) to the chamber. This
gas pressure forces the sample into a container. The model PPR
includes an absorption refrigerator that operates on 12 VDC.
Models SE-400 and SE-600 are larger nonportable units that include
a built-in refrigerator. These samplers are powered by 115 VAC
and incorporate a submersible pump.
19
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4. Bristol Engineering Company
204 South Bridge Street
Box 696
Yorkville, Illinois 60560
Telephone: 312-553-7161
This type of sampler is used for drawing samples from a pres-
surized pipeline. It is screwed into the pipeline and a plunger
protrudes into the line and withdraws the sample which then drains
into a collection container. The number of individual samples is
adjusted proportional to time. The standard unit is powered by
air pressure at 80 psi. Electrically powered units (120 VAC, 60
Hz) are also available. The price given in the table includes an
all solid-state timer, fittings kit, air lines, 1-gallon poly-
propylene sample bottle, and size change adapter for a wide mouth
bottle. Modifications are available to satisfy specific require-
ments.
5. Chandler Development Company
1031 East Duane Avenue
Sunnyville, California 94086
Telephone: 408-738-1060
This sampler uses a Thomas Industrial vacuum pump that will over-
come 671 cm of lift. Operation is either time invariant or
proportional to a user supplied flow-proportional signal. The
smallest restriction within the sampler is 1.9 cm diameter.
Internal sampler lines are PVC. The user must supply lines from
the cabinet to the waste stream. Volume of each aliquot is vari-
able from 25 to 105 ml.
6. Collins Products Company
P.O. Box 382
Livingston, Texas 77351
Telephone: 713-327-4200
Collins provides a 1/2 hp moyno pump that continually supplies a
wastewater sample through a stand pipe that is mounted inside of
a Plexiglas housing. A timer actuates a three-way valve that
turns off the flow through the stand pipe. Water trapped within
the stand pipe drains into the sample container. The stand pipe
provides a precise quantity of sample for the container (standard
is 3 cc every 30 seconds). Refrigeration for the sample container
is provided. Continuous high flow rate insures representative
solids and flushing of all lines. The smallest restriction within
the system is a 3/8 inch ball valve that has a 0.714 cm diameter
opening. Collins provides modifications to this system as re-
quested by the purchaser. Flow-proportioning is available when
20
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a user-supplied contact or milliamp signal from a flow meter is
supplied. This signal causes the time between samples to vary
proportional to flow.
7. Environmental Marketing Associates (EMA)
3331 Northwest Elmwood Drive
Corvallis, Oregon 97330 Telephone: 503-752-1541
EMA samplers consist of an outer tube (about 10.2 cm diameter)
that extends into the waste stream. A plunger (piston) extends
internally to the bottom of the outer tube. Sample enters by
gravity through 0.923 cm diameter holes in the plunger. A
solenoid is energized from a timer (every 15 sec to 1/2 hr) and
the plunger is pulled through a vertical distance within the tube.
Sample that is trapped within the lower part of the tube is forced
through a line and into the sample container. An insulated chest
is provided for icing the sample. This sampler is light in weight
and can be battery operated; but most of these units have been
powered by 115 VAC and used in fixed locations. EMA samplers
can also be controlled form a flow meter through a totalizer and
contactor.
8. ETS Products
12161 Lackland Road
St. Louis, Missouri 63141 Telephone: 314-878-1703
The model FS4 collects 12 discrete 1-gallon (3,785 ml) samples
over a 24-hour period. Samples are pumped continuously at a
rate of 1/3 gph (.00035 liter per sec). Continuous sampling has
the advantage of drawing some effluent over the entire period,
but low sample velocity may impair suspended solids results at
locations where solids are high. Discrete samples of large
volume makes manual flow proportioning easier and an adequate
amount of sample is available for analysis.
9. Fluid Kinetics Incorporated
3120 Production Drive
Fairfield, Ohio 45014 Telephone: 513-874-5121
Fluid Kinetics manufactures Streamguard Models FPS-103 and FTS
200 sampling controls, Models PP 60E, PP-71E, and 60EA12D sample
pumping systems and the model DA-2451 discrete liquid sampler
attachment. They also sell Universal Engineered Systems Incor-
porated (UES) flow measuring equipment that includes control,
totalizing, telemetry, and recording. The company specializes
21
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in adapting these components to collect wastewater samples for
the user's application. Specific components can be combined to
take single composite or multiple discrete samples that are pro-
portional to time or flow. Mechanical refrigeration is also
available. Fluid Kinetics also manufactures the Model GS-100
Liquid grab sampler that collects a grab sample from specific
depths within the waste stream.
10. FMC Corporation
Environmental Equipment Division
1800 FMC Drive
Itasca, Illinois 60143 Telephone: 312-893-1800
Refrigeration and/or pumping systems are optional for FMC's Tru-
Test Sampler. Sample is pumped from the waste stream into the
sample chamber of the sampler; at this point the sample is dipped
from the chamber and displaced through a funnel into the sample
container. Pumps supplied with the unit give a velocity that is
satisfactory for representative suspended solids. FMC recommends
the unit for raw waste, primary, and final effluent. True-Test
samplers will pass solids up to 1.27 cm in diameter. The sampler
uses solid state digital logic circuits that can be programmed
to take from three samples per second to one sample every 99.99
minutes. Tru-Test samplers will accept flow meter signals for
flow-proportional samples on a constant volume, time varying basis.
11. Horizon Ecology Company
7435 North Oak Park Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60648 Telephone: 312-647-7644
This is a small, portable, battery-operated sampler with peristal-
tic pump. The unit is lightweight, has rechargeable batteries,
and is convenient for field work. Battery condition can be checked
with a built-in battery tester. Samples can be taken in intervals
of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or continuously, Sample volume is set
with a switch on the control panel.
12. Hydragard Automatic Samplers
850 Kees Street
Lebanon, Oregon 97355 Telephone: 503-258-2628
This company makes models HP and FP samplers. The HP is time-
proportional from a neumatic pulse relay. Timing is adjustable
with a needle valve. Sampling rate is variable from 10 samples
per minute to one sample every 30 minutes. The unit requires an
22
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air compressor that is not supplied but can be purchased from
Speedair or Thomas Industries. The smallest opening within
the sample line for the HP is 1/2 inch. The model FP is
flow-proportional and it must be mounted upstream from a user-
supplied weir or flume. Both models are approximately 74 cm long
and weigh approximately 3.2 Kg. The sample bottle is supplied by
the user and neither model is refrigerated. Operation of the
flow-proportional unit (model FP) is identical to the model HP
except the sampling chamber is a tapered tube and this taper is
proportional to the specific weir or flume that is being used.
The company also makes a unit for drawing samples from a pipe-
line.
13. Hydra-Numatic Sales Company
65 Hudson Street
Hackensack, New Jersey 07602 Telephone: 201-489-4191
The Hydra-Numatic weighs 90.8 Kg. and is meant for fixed loca-
tions. It includes a 1/4 hp Jabsco pump with flexible impeller.
Suction lift is 457 cm. The sampler operates proportional to
time and it will also accept signals from an external flowmeter.
Intake velocity is relatively high and therefore the sampler
should be satisfactory for waste samples that are high in sus-
pended solids. Hydra-Numatic also sells the complete line of
BVS samplers.
14. Instrumentation Specialties Company (ISCO)
P.O. Box 5347
Lincoln, Nebraska 68524 Telephone: 402-799-2441
ISCO makes three samplers: model nos. 1392, 1480, and 1580.
These units are professionally designed and the company is con-
tinually incorporating the latest innovations (such as solid-state
digital logic) in their equipment. ISCO samplers are portable,
can be installed within manholes, and will operate from either
12 VDC or 115 VAC. Models include both 28-bottle discrete and
single composite-type samplers. Sample flow rate appears to be
high enough for collecting representative suspended solids sam-
ples. ISCO also sells a flow meter that makes the sampler
flow-proportional when the flow meter is installed upstream from
a weir or flume. When the flow meter is used, sample volume is
constant and time between samples varies with flow. ISCO samples
are cooled by adding ice to the center of the sample compartment.
Multiplexing is available and this option will place up to four
samples in one bottle before indexing to the next sample bottle.
23
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15. Lakeside Equipment Corporation
1022 East Devon Street
Bartlett, Illinois 60611 Telephone: 312-837-5640
The Lakeside Trebler is a flow-proportional scoop that is con-
trolled by a timer to dip samples in intervals of from 2 to 60
minutes. The scoop must traverse the entire depth of the waste
stream and swing radius can be up to a maximum of 36 inches. For
accuracy of flow-proportioning, the end of the scoop should just
touch the bottom of the channel. The scoop must be mounted up-
stream from a weir or flume. It appears that a representative
sample would be taken since the entire depth of the waste stream
is traversed. The company also sells a mini-trebler sampler that
uses direct drive and is therefore more compact. Required power
is 115 VAC, 60 Hz. The company also claims the mini-sampler will
run for 24 hours from a 12-volt motorcycle battery through an
inverter (12 VDC to 115 VAC, 60 Hz). The user must supply a sam-
ple container that holds 1 to 5 gallons. Lakeside provides a
small refrigerator for the sample. N-Con Systems Company also
sells the Lakeside Trebler mini-sampler.
16. Manning Environmental Corporation
120 Dubois Street
Box 1356
Santa Cruz, California Telephone: 408-427-0230
The Manning Model S-4000 collects 24 discrete sequential samples.
A vacuum pump is used and sample flow rate is high. Solid-state
logic is used in the control function and samples are taken pro-
portional to either time or flow. Time-proportioning uses a
quartz crystal clock and flow-proportioning incorporates Manning's
portable dipper flow meter. Flow-proportional control provides a
constant volume of sample over a variable time interval. This
portable fits into manholes and it operates from a rechargeable
12-volt battery. Samples can be cooled by adding ice to the
center of the sample compartment. Option of placing multiple
samples in one bottle or the same sample in multiple bottles is
switch selectable. Placing the same sample in multiple bottles
allows addition of different preservatives.
17. Markland Specialty Engineering LTD.
Box 145
Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada Telephone: 416-625-0935
The sample inlet is a flexible duckbill that acts as a check valve.
After this inlet chamber is filled, compressed air forces the
24
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sample from the inlet chamber into the sample bottle. The
manufacturer states that the duckbill is nonclogging. The unit
incorporates a solid-state timer that will accept signals from a
user-supplied flow meter. Required air pressure is obtained from
the house supply, a separate compressor or a compressed air cyl-
inder for the portable model. The unit may be powered from
either 115 VAC or 12 VDC.
18. N-Con Systems Company Incorporated
308 Main Street
New Rochelle, New York 10801 Telephone: 914-235-1020
N-Con makes five models of water samplers that include the Sur-
veyor, Scout, Sentry, Trebbler, and Sentinel. The Surveyor,
Scout, and Sentry are portable units and the Trebbler and Sentinel
are fixed units. The Trebbler is a dipping flow-proportional
sampler that N-Con manufacturers under license from Lakeside
Engineering Corporation. The other samplers pump the wastewater
sample to the unit. These units cover different approaches to
sample collection that incorporate different inlet velocities,
time- and flow-proportioning, single or multiple discrete compos-
ites, and different methods of cooling, including icing and
mechanical refrigeration.
19. NPE Enterprises Incorporated
P.O. Box 69
Lewiston, New York 14092 Telephone: 716-754-4828
The NPE sampler incorporates a unique vacuum method that accurately
measures a precise sample of effluent on a timed-sequence or remote-
signal basis. Samplers are composited into a refrigerated and
insulated retention chamber. The system is custom-designed for the
user's effluent and manufactured according to chemical process
equipment standards for permanent installation. Parts that contact
either the effluent stream or sample are noncorrosive.
NPE Samplers use a compressor that evacuates a vertical draw tube
and a column of effluent is lifted into this tube. The sample
falls into a calibrated slide arm that is connected to the draw
tube with a Y-fitting. A level sensor within the draw tube
initiates a signal that shifts the air control valve and changes
draw tube vacuum to pressurized air for backflushing. A ball
valve opens and the sample within the side arm is forced into the
refrigerated compartment. Liquid does not go through a pump and
there are no small restrictions within the system. It does not
appear that clogging of the system would be a problem, NPE samplers
25
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incorporate Foxboro flow, pH, and conductivity measuring equipment
when specified. The NPE sampler is usually a complete and perma-
nent installation for the user's requirement, however, individual
components are also available.
20. Phipps and Bird Incorporated
Sixth and Byrd Streets
P.O. Box 2V
Richmond, Virginia 23205 Telephone: 804-644-5401
This is a dipper-type sampler that is designed to sample trash-
laden streams where it is not possible to operate a pump. Power
requirement is either 115 VAC or 12 VDC. The sampler can be
controlled manually, from a timer, or from an integrated flow-
meter signal. The sample container is supplied by the user.
Samples can be iced or cooled in a refrigerator that is supplied
by Phipps and Bird at extra cost.
21. Pro-Tech
Roberts Lane
Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355 Telephone: 215-644-4420
Pro-Tech offers a variety of portable and stationary samplers.
Some of these samplers are powered by gas pressure (nitrogen, air,
Freon) and some are electrically powered. Pro-Tech's gas pressure
samplers incorporate an inlet chamber with check valve that allows
sample to enter the chamber by gravity and then pressure is applied
to the chamber, the check valve closes and the sample is forced
into the sample container. Pro-Tech's all electric samplers incor-
porate a submersible pump that provides a continuous flow of sample
through the unit and to waste; upon command a solenoid diverts this
sample into a collection container for a predetermined length of
time. All Pro-Tech samplers are actuated automatically by inter-
nally generated signals, and most of these samplers also offer a
flow-proportional feature for accepting external triggering (by
dry-contact closure) from a variety of flow-measuring devices
supplied by others, whether in the form of a pretotalized signal,
a series of time-duration signals, or digital pulses. The small
portable samplers collect a single composite and the larger sta-
tionary units will collect either a single composite sample or
24 discrete samples. Mechanical refrigeration is available on
Pro-Tech's stationary units.
22. Quality Control Equipment Company (QCEC)
P.O. Box 2706
Des Moines, Iowa 50315 Telephone: 515-285-3091
26
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QCEC makes sampler models CVE, CVE II, E, AND LF. Models CVE and
CVE II operate on QCEC's patented vacuum system that lifts liquid
through a suction line into the sampling chamber. The vacuum pump
then shuts off and the sample is forcibly drawn into the sample
container. Double pressurized blow-down of the sample lines is
standard on the CVE II and optional on the CVE. The model E is a
dipper sampler that is designed for permanent installations and
the company claims that it is clog proof. The model LF sampler
incorporates an electrically-controlled air cylinder that moves a
shaft in and out of a liquid line or tank. Model LF samplers are
leak proof. Standard timed-interval control is basic to all QCEC
effluent samplers. Models CVE, E, and LF will accept flow-
proportional signals at slight extra cost. The standard model
CVE II sampler is all solid state and it will accept 4-20 ma
signals from flow meters and perform its own integration to
provide flow-proportional sampling. It also accepts time-pulse
signals, signals from sampling switches, or will operate on a
straight timed-interval basis. The CVE II is available in the
standard portable unit, a mechanically refrigerated model, and
in a specially-designed housing for suspension in manholes.
23. Sigmamotor Incorporated
14 Elizabeth Street
Middleport, New York 14105 Telephone: 716-735-3616
Sigmamotor makes many different sampler models. Stationary units
are powered by 115 VAC and portable models are powered by either
115 VAC or 12-volt batteries. A converter is available for re-
charging batteries. Models that supply either single composite or
multiple discrete samples are available. Mechanical refrigeration
is included on some models. Both flow- and time-proportioning is
available. Some models incorporate Sigmamotor's nutating pump
and other models use their finger pump. Both of these pump types
squeeze the sample through the tubing and sample does not come
into contact with any part of the pump. Different Sigmamotor
sampler models will respond to one of three types of flow-
proportional signals. These are time-variable sample collection
in response to a flow-proportional switch closure, time-variable
sample collection in response to a varying 4-20 milliamp signal
from a user-supplied transmitter and continuous sampling with
sample pump flow rate directly proportional to a varying 4-20
milliamp input signal.
Sigmamotor also manufactures their own model LMS-400 battery-
operated, open-channel flow meter that enables one to dial-in-all
27
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standard flow and depth equations. It works on the bubbler
principle, and is powered by 115 VAC or 12 VDC rechargeable
batteries, The LMS-400 is equipped with a pressure sensitive
strip chart (for a continuous record of flow) and a digital
totalizer that indicates total flow. Flow-proportional input to
an automatic water sampler is incorporated within the flow meter
and it will indicate the time at which individual samples were
taken. Only a sampling of the Sigmamotor samplers are listed in
the tabulation as the models were too numerous to list all of
them.
24. SIRCO Controls Company
8815 Selkirk Street
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Telephone: 604-261-9321
SIRCO makes a number of different sampler models. These models
include units that are: portable, stationary powered by 115
VAC or battery, single composite, multiple discrete composite,
refrigerated, and non-refrigerated. SIRCO samplers can be either
time-proportional or they can be controlled from a user-supplied,
flow-proportional signal. Different samplers incorporate a lift-
ing mechanism that is either a vacuum pump or a small dipping
bucket. The vacuum pump provides relatively high sample velocity
and it also backflushes the sample line. Another model is avail-
able that collects the sample from a pressurized source and no
lifting mechanism is required.
25. Sonford Products Corporation
100 East Broadway, Box B
St. Paul Park, Minneapolis 55071 Telephone: 612-459-6065
Sonford makes models NW-3 and HG-4 wastewater samplers. The model
NW-3 consists of 24 discrete bottles and lines that are evacuated
with a vacuum pump and sealed. A spring-wound timer rotates a
tripper arm that releases one tube each hour (on standard unit)
and the sample is drawn into the evacuated bottle. This unit is
portable and requires no electric power after the bottles are
evacuated. The model HG-4 uses a telescoping tube that moves
down into the effluent stream and then back up, allowing the sam-
ple to flow down the center of the tube and into the sample
container. The model HG-4 can be powered from either 115 VAC or
a 12-volt battery.
26. Testing Machine Incorporation (TMI)
400 Bayview Avenue
Amityville, New York 11701 Telephone: 516-842-5400
28
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TMI sells the Mark 3B, Mark 4B, and Mark 4BE samplers. All three
models operate on the evacuated bottle principle and the company
includes a hand pump, vacuum gage, and all fittings that are
required for evacuating the bottles in the field. Each bottle
has a separate tube that leads to the inlet manifold. Models
3B and 4B use a spring driver clock to trip tube clamps that
allow sample to be sucked into the bottles. The model 4BE uses
a battery-powered clock. The 3B has 12 discrete bottles and the
4B and 4BE will accept either 12 2-liter or 24 1-liter bottles.
All three samplers can use 0.57-liter bottles. Standard spring-
driven clocks will collect samples at intervals of 1/4, 1/2, 1,
or 2 hours and timers that provide intervals different from
these are also available. The sampling sequence on the 4BE can
be started by an external signal (contact closure) such as pro-
vided by a float switch or integrator. This is useful for
monitoring storm water or other abnormal events. Sampling stops
when the signal is removed.
These samplers are manufactured in England by North Hants Engi-
neering Company LTD. and they are distributed in the United States
by Testing Machines Incorporated.
27. Tri-Aid Sciences, Incorporated
161 Norris Drive
Rochester, New York 14610 Telephone: 716-461-1660
Tri-Aid Sciences constructs custom-designed, permanently installed
flow-proportional samplers and wastewater monitors. Most of their
equipment incorporates noncontacting ultrasonic flow measurement in
flumes and half pipes. The flow measurement and sampling control
utilizes total solid-state electronics with a versatility that
enables it to be used with all primary flow elements and sensing
devices. The sampling system pumps a small, continuous flow of
wastewater through a sampling diverter valve and returns it to the
main wastewater flow. When the sampler control signals a sample
is to be taken on the basis of flow, a frequent, small, accurate
sample is diverted to the sample bottle that accumulates the flow-
proportional composite sample. A peristaltic pump, normally 3/8
inch, 1/2 inch, or 3/4 inch I.D. is used to continuously circulate
a portion of the wastewater flow through the sampling diverter
valve and return it to the wastewater stream. Suction lift for
the pump is approximately 25 feet of water. Power requirements
for the sampler are 100 VAC, 5 amps. A flow-through monitor for
pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and/or other
parameters may be included in the sampling line for continuous
monitoring and recording.
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28. T. A. Baldwin Company Incorporated
16760 Schoenborn Street
Sepulveda, California 91343 Telephone: 213-894-7153
T. A. Baldwin Company manufactures the Waste Watcher model CS/TP
sampler. This sampler uses a TAT Engineering Company peristaltic
pump and collects a single composite sample. An adapter is avail-
able that enables the unit to take 12 discrete samples instead of
the single composite. Two sizes of mechanical refrigerators are
also available for the Waste Watcher sampler. Sampler controls
are solid state except for an electromagnetic counter and relays.
The sample line is purged before taking the sample for a period
of from 1 to 5 minutes. T. A. Baldwin supplies a flow meter that
consists of a Palmer-Bowlus flume that uses a capacitance elec-
trode transducer. The capacitance electrode gives a signal that
varies linearly with flow. This signal is totalized and controls
the sampler through a dry contact closure so that the sample is
taken at a switch selectable multiple of flow; hence a constant-
volume, time-variable sample is obtained. Waste Watcher flow
meters also include a panel meter, recorder, and totalizing
counter. The flow meter is all solid state except for the counter.
The flow recorder also shows the time at which the sample was
taken.
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SECTION IV
DISCUSSION
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit
Program has stressed the need for effluent monitoring over speci-
fied periods for specific parameters. Automatic wastewater samplers
are useful tools for collecting samples that will provide the data
that are required by NPDES. It is necessary to collect accurate
and precise samples that are representative of the waste stream
from which they came. These samples will be analyzed and the
data obtained will determine permit compliance or noncompliance.
It is therefore necessary to pick an automatic sampler that will
accurately collect representative samples to provide the required
information. The object of this document is to condence, sum-
marize, and localize automatic wastewater sampler information
facilitating rational equipment selection. Reading this report,
others previously issued, and visiting laboratories engaged in
automatic sampling, should provide a tentative user with adequate
information for his project.
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SECTION V
REFERENCES
1. Mentink, A. F., "Specifications for an Integrated Water Quality
Data Acquisition System," 8th Edition with Addenda, Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio,
January 1968.
2. Shelley, P. E., and Kirkpatrick, G. A., "An Assessment of Auto-
matic Sewer Flow Samplers - 1975," Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Available
through National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
Va. 21161, EPA-600/2-75-065, December 1975.
3. Shelley, P. E., "Design and Testing of a Prototype Automatic
Sewer Sampling System," Municipal Environmental Research Labora-
tory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Available through National
Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22161, EPA-
600/2-76-006, March 1976.
4. Harris, D. J., and Keffer, W. J., "Wastewater Sampling Method-
ologies and Flow Measurement Techniques," U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Region VII, Surveillance and Analysis Divi-
sion, Technical Support Branch, Field Investigations Section,
Kansas City, Mo. 64108, June 1974.
5. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater," 13th Edition, American Public Health Associa-
tion, Washington, D.C. 20036, 1971.
6. Barkley, J. J., Peil, K. M., and Highfill, J. W., "Water Pollu-
tion Sampler Evaluation," U.S. Army Medical Bioengineering
Research and Development Laboratory, Fort Deitrich, Frederick,
Md. 21701, January 1975.
7. Craft, T. F., and Ingols, R. S., "Wastewater Sampling and Test-
ing Instrumentation," Georgia Institute of Technology Technical
Report No. AFWL-TR-73-69, July 1973.
8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Handbook for Monitoring
Industrial Wastewater," Technology Transfer, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, August 1973.
32
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9. Wood, L. B., and Stanbridge, H. H., "Automatic Samplers," Water
Pollution Control, G.B. 67, 1968, (5) 495-520.
10. Shelley, P. E., and Kirkpatrick, G. A., "Sewer Flow Measurement -
A State-of-the-Art Assessment," Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Available through National
Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22161, EPA-600/2-
75-027, November 1975.
11. National Field Investigations Center - Denver, "Comparison of
Manual (Grab) and Vacuum Type Automatic Sampling Techniques on
an Individual and Composite Sample Basis," U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, NFIC, Denver, Colo., September 1974.
12. Lauch, R. P., "Performance Investigation of the Manning Model
S-4000 Portable Wastewater Sampler and the Model F-3000 Dipper
Flowmeter," Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Publication forthcoming.
13. Lauch, R. P., "Application and Procurement of Automatic Waste-
water Samplers," National Environmental Research Center, Office
of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, EPA-670/4-75-003, April 1975.
14. Lauch, R. P., "Performance of the ISCO Model 1391 Water and Waste-
water Sampler," National Environmental Research Center, Office of
Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, EPA-670/4-75-001, February 1975.
15. Methods Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratory,
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, "Methods
for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes," U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Technology Transfer, Washington, D.C. 20460,
1974.
16. Huibregtse, K. R., and Moser, J. H., "Handbook for Sampling and
Sample Preservation of Water and Wastewater," Envirex Inc., A
Rexnord Company, Environmental Sciences Division, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contract No.
68-03-2075, Publication forthcoming.
33
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/4-76-OS1
4. TITLE ANDSU3TITLE
A SURVEY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE AUTOMAT
WASTEWATER SAMPLERS
7. AUTHOR(S)
Richard P. Lauch
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Labor
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as above
3. RECIF
5. REPO
1C Sept
6. PERF
8. PERF
10. PRO
atory 1HD6
11. CON
13. TYP
14. SPOI
IE. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
MENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
RT DATE
ember 1976 (Issuing date)
ORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
ORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GRAM ELEMENT NO.
21
TRACT/GRANT NO.
E OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
YSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/ORD
16. ABSTRACT
This is a survey of commercial automatic wastewater samplers that are
currently available. Pertinent characteristics for wastewater samplers
known to the author are tabularized. Additional comments including
short descriptions of each manufacturers' equipment are given. Manu-
facturers names and addresses are included. A literature review of the
more recent reports on automatic wastewater samplers is also included.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
Samplers, Sampling, Acceptance sampling,
Sequential sampling, Composites, Water
pollution.
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to public
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENOE
Automatic wastewa
samplers, Survey
automatic water s
Effluent samplers
19. SECURITY CLASS (This I
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS {This f
Unclassified
D TERMS c. COSATI Field/Group
ter
of
amplers, 13B
Itport] 21. NO. OF PAGES
40
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