EPA-R4-72-006 Environmental Monitoring Series
October 1972
References for the
Identification of
Freshwater Macroinvertebrates
National Environmental Research Center
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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EPA-R4-72-006
October 1972
REFERENCES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
OF
FRESHWATER MACROINVERTEBRATES
Philip A. Lewis
Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Program Element No. B11027
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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REVIEW NOTICE
The Solid Waste Research Laboratory of the
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has reviewed
this report and approved its publication. Mention
of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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FOREWORD
Man and his environment must be protected from
the adverse effects of pesticides, radiation, noise
and other forms of pollution, and the unwise manage-
ment of solid waste. Efforts to protect this environ-
ment require a focus that recognizes the interplay
between the components of our physical environment
- air, water and land. The multidisciplinary programs
of the National Environmental Research Centers provide
this focus as they engage in studies of the effects
of environmental contaminants on man and the biosphere
and in a search for ways to prevent contamination and
recycle valuable resources.
As part of the research work involved in these
protection efforts, macroinvertebrates are used as
indicators of freshwater pollution. The references
included in this bibliography were chosen as being
particularly pertinent to aid the field and laboratory
scientist and the student identify-these important
organisms.
ANDREW W. BREIDENBACH, Ph.D.
Director, National Environmental
Research Center, Cincinnati
111
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Annelida
Oligochaeta 1
Hirudinea 1
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera 2
Diptera: Chaoboridae 2
Diptera: Chironomidae 2
Diptera: Other 6
Ephemeroptera 6
Hemiptera 8
Megaloptera- Neuroptera 8
Odonata 9
Plecoptera 10
Trichoptera 11
Crustacea 13
Bryozoa 14
Mollusca 14
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria 15
Minor Taxa 16
General References . 16
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ANNELIDA
Oligochaeta
Brinkhurst, R. 0. 1964, 1965, and 1966. Studies on the North
American aquatic Oligochaeta. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Part I, 1964, 116(5):195-230; Part II, 1965, 117(4):117-172;
Part III, 19667Tl8Cl):l-33.
1969. Oligochaeta. In: Keys to water quality indicative
organisms. (S. E. United States), FWPCA, Atlanta, Georgia.
. A. L." Hamilton, and H. B. Herrington. 1968. Components
of the bottom fauna of the St. Lawrence, Great Lakes. Great
Lakes Research Institute #PR 33.
and B. G. Jamieson. 1971. Oligochaeta of the world.
Oxford Press, N.Y.
Galloway, T. W. 1911. The common fresh-water Oligochaeta of the
U. S. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 29-30:285-317.
Harmon, W. J. 1969. Revision of the family Opistocystidae
(Oligochaeta). Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 88(4):472-478.
Hi1tunen, J. K. 1967. Some Oligochaetes from Lake Michigan.
Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 86(4);433-454.
. 1970. Trial key to the Tubificidae of the Great Lakes
Region. Great Lakes Fish. Lab., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Hirudinea
Meyer, M. C. 1940. A revision of the leeches living on freshwater
fishes of North America. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 59:354-376.
and J. P. Moore. 1954. Notes on Canadian leeches with
the description of a new species. Wasmann J. Biol. 12(1);63-95.
and M. C. Miller. 1951. Leeches (Hirudinea) from Alaska
and adjacent waters. Wasmann J. Biol. 9_: 11-77.
Miller, J. A. 1937. A study of the leeches of Michigan with keys
to orders, suborders, and species. Ohio J. Sci. 37:85-90.
Moore, J. P. 1898. The Hirudinea of Illinois. 111. Lab Nat. Hist.
Surv. Bull. 5:479-546.
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Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates o£ the United States.
Ronald Press Co., N.Y.
Scott J. H. 1970. Systematics, distribution and ecology o£ Colorado
Hirudinea. Am. Midi. Nat. 83(l):l-37.
Soos A 1965 and 1966. Identification key to the leech genera of
SO°S;he'wor?d wUh a catalogue of the *»*«'^*l'£l«f '
Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11:417-463, 12:145-160, 371-407.
1912. The leeches of Minnesota. Zool. Ser. Geol. Surv.
Minn. 5:63-143.
ARTHROPODA
INSECTA
Coleoptera
Hinton, H. E. 1941. New genera and species of Elmidae. Trans. Roy.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 91(3):65-104.
Sanderson, M. W. 1938. A monographic revision of the North American
species of Stenelmis (Dryopidae: Coleoptera). Univ. Kans.
Sci. Bull. 15(22):635-717.
Sinclair, R. M. 1964. Water quality requirements of the family Elmidae
(Coleoptera) with keys to the larvae and adults of the eastern
genera. Tenn. Stream Pollution Control Board, Tenn. Dept. Public
Health.
Diptera; Chaoboridae
Saether, 0. A. 1970. Nearctic and palaearctic Chaoborus. Fish. Res.
' Bd. Can. Bull. 174-1-58.
Diptera: Chironomidae
Beck, E.G. 1962. Five new Chironomidae (Diptera) from Florida.
Fla. Ent. 45(2):89-92.
Beck, E. C. and W. M. Beck, Jr. 1969. The Chironomidae of Florida.
II. The nuisance species. Fla. Ent. S2_(l):l-ll.
and . 1969. Chironomidae of Florida. III. The
Harnischia complex. Bull. Fla. St. Mus. L3(5): 277-313.
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Beck, W. M., Jr. 1968. Chironomidae. In: Keys to water quality
indicative organisms of the S. E. United States. FWPCA
Atlanta, Georgia.
Beck, W. M., Jr. and E. C. Beck. 1958. A new species of Xenochironomus
from Florida (Diptera:Chironomidae). Fla. Ent. 41(1):27 $ 28.
1966. Chironomidae (Diptera) of
Florida. I. Pentaneurini (Tanypodinae). Bull. Fla. St. Mus.,
10(8):305-379.
1970. The immature stages of some
Chironomini (Chironomidae). Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci. 33(1):
29-42.
Brundin, L. 1959. Key to the Northern European genera of Orthocladiinae,
From: Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae. Report No. 37 of the
Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottingholm, Sweden.
Curry, L. L. 1958. Larvae and pupae of the species of Cryptochironomus
in Michigan. Limnol. and Oceanogr. 3_(4): 427-442.
1962. A key for the larval forms of aquatic midges
\ 4 J « • » T% .1 —. .4. _ ^ _/*%*'_l_'^ ^ i Jt *t ^
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Hamilton-, A. L., 0. A. Saether, and D. R. Oliver. 1969. A
classification of the nearctic Chironomidae. Fish. Res.
Bd. Can. Tech. Rpt. No. 124:1-42.
Hilsenhoff, W. L. and R. P. Narf. 1968. Ecology of Chironomidae,
Chaoboridae, and other benthos in fourteen Wisconsin Lakes.
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61^5):1173-1181.
*Johannsen, 0. A. 1934. Aquatic Diptera. Part I. Nemocera,
exclusive of Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae. Mem. Cornell
Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. 164;1-70.
1935. Aquatic Diptera. Part II. Orthorrhapha-
Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha. Ibid. 177:1-62.
. 1937. Aquatic Diptera. Part III. Chironomidae:
Subfamilies Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, and Orthocladiinae.
Ibid. 205:1-84.
. 1937a. Aquatic Diptera. Part IV. Chironomidae:
Subfamily Chironominae. Ibid. 210:1-56.
. 1946. Revision of the North American species of the
genus Pentaneura. J. New York Ent. Soc. 54:270-289.
and H. K. Townes. 1952. Guide to the insects of
Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies. Fascicle
5: Midges and gnats. Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull.
No. 80:1-255.
Malloch, J. R. 1915. The Chironomidae, or midges of Illinois,
with particular reference to the species occurring in the
Illinois River. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist. 10 (art.
6:273-590.
Mason, W. T., Jr. 1968. An introduction to the identification
of chironomid larvae. FWPCA, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Cin-
cinnati, 0.
Roback, S. S. 1953. Savannah River tendipedid larvae. Proc
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 105:91-152.
• 1957. The immature tendipedids of the Philadelphia
Area. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Mono. No. 9. 148 pp.
*Available from Entomological Reprint Specialists, Los Angeles,
California 90007,
4
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. 1959. The Subgenus Ablabesmyia of Pentaneura
(Diptera: Tendipedidae, Pelopiinae). Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. 85_:113-135.
. 1969. The Immature stages of the genus Tan/pus
Meigen. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 94:407-428.
. 1963. The genus Xenochironomus (Diptera: Tendipedidae)
Kieffer, taxonomy and immature stages. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
88:235-245.
. 1970. The subfamily Tanypodinae in North America.
Monographs of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. No. 17:1-410.
Saether, 0. A. 1969. Some nearctic Podonomenae Diamesinae,
and Orthocladiinae. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Bull. 170:1-154.
Sublette, J. E. 1960. Chironomid Midges of California. Part I.
Chironominae, exclusive of Tanytarsini (=Calopsectrini).
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 112:197-226.
. 1964. Chironomidae (Diptera) of Louisiana.
I. Systematics and immature stages of some bentic chironomids
of West-Central Louisiana. Tulane Studies in Zoology.
U_(4): 109-150.
_• 1966- Type specimens of Chironomidae (Diptera) in
the American Museum of Natural History. J. Kan. Ent. Soc.
39(l):l-32.
. 1966. Type specimens of Chironomidae (Diptera) in
the U. S. National Museum. 59(4):580-607.
. 1967. Type specimens of Chironomidae (Diptera) in
the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. J. Kan. Ent. Soc.
40(3):290-331.
.. 1967. Type specimens of Chironomidae (Diptera) in
the Cornell Univ. Collection. J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 40(4):477-564
Sublette, J. E. 1970. Type specimens of Chironomidae (Diptera)
in the Illinois Natural History Survey Collection, Urbana.
J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 4S(1):44-95.
and M. S. Sublette. 1965. Family Chironomidae
(Tendipedidae). A catalog of Diptera of America north
of Mexico. U. S. Dept. Agri. No. 276:143-181.
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Thienemann, A. 1954. Chironomus: Leben, Verbreitung und
wirtschaftiche Bedeutung der Chironomiden. Die Binnengewasser
max-Planck Institut Vol. 20. E. Schweizer-bartsche Verlags-
buchhandlung, Stuttgart 834 pp.
Townes, H. K. 1945. The nearctic species of Tendipendini. Am.
Midi. Nat. 34(1):1-206.
Diptera; Other
Carpenter, S. J. 1970. Observations on the distribution and
ecology of mountain Aedes mosquitos in California. Calif.
Vector News 17(11):101-107.
Coe, R. L., P. Freeman, and P. F. Mattingly. 1950. Handbook
for the identification of British Insects: Diptera. Roy.
Ent. Soc. Lond. £(2):1-216.
Johannson, 0. A. and H. K. Townes. 1952. Guide to the insects
of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies. Bull.
Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 8p_: 1-255.
Oldroyd, H., R. L. Coe, P. Freeman, and P. F. Mattingly. 1949.
Handbooks for the identification of British insects: Diptera.
Parts 1 and 2. Roy. Ent. Soc. of Lon. £U):l-49, (2):1-216.
Stone, A. and E. L. Snoddy. 1969. The blackflies of Alabama.
Auburn Univ. Ag. Exp. Station Bull. 390.
Wirth, W. W. 1953. Biting midges of the heleid genus Stilobezzia
in North America. Proc. Nat. Mus. 103:57-154.
Ephemeroptera
Allen, R. K. and L. F. Edmunds. 1956. A list of mayflies of
Oregon. Utah Acad. of Sci. Proceedings 33:85-87.
Bernerj L. 1950. The Mayflies of Florida. Univ. Fla. Studies,
Biol. Sci. Ser. 4:1-267.
Britt, N. W. 1962. Biology of two species of Lake Erie mayflies,
fooron album (Say) and Ephemera simuli
lio Biol. Survey, Columbus 1(5):1-70.
Burks, B. D. 1947. New heptagenine mayflies. Ann. Ent. Soc.
Amer. 29:607-615.
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. 1953. The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois.
Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. 26_: 1-216.
Daggy, R. H. 1945. New species and previously undescribed
naiads of some Minnesota jnayflies. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
38:373-396.
Edmunds, G. F., Jr. 1962. The type Localities of the
Ephemeroptera of North America north of Mexico. Univ.
Utah Biol. Series 12(5):l-45.
, R. K. Allen, and W. L. Peters. 1963. An annotated
key to the nymphs of the families and subfamilies of may-
flies. Univ. Utah Biol. Series 13(1):l-55.
Gooch, V. K. 1967. Identification of Hexagenia bilineata and H_.
limbata nymphs. Ent. News 78:101-103.
Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1970. Key to genera of Wisconsin Ephemeroptera
nymphs. Wise. Dept. Nat. Resources. Research Rept. 67:19-57.
McDunnough, J. 1933. Notes on the heptagenine species described
by Clemens from the Georgian Bay Region, Ont. Can. Ent, 65;
17-24, 33-43.
Murphy, H. E. 1922. Notes on the biology of some of our North
American species of mayflies, Part 1: The metamorphosis of
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of the genus Baetis. Bull. Lloyd Lib. of Bot., Nat. Hist.
Phar. and Materia Medica, Cincinnati, Ohio #22(2):l-46 (Out of Print)
Needham, J. G. 1905. Ephemeridae. Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 86;
17-62, 316-324.
and Helen E. Murphy. 1924. Neotropical mayflies.
Bull. Lloyd Lib. Bot. Phar., and Materia Medica, Cincinnati,
Ohio, No. 2£(4):l-79 (Out of Print).
J. R. Traver and Yin-Chi Hsw. 1935. The biology
of mayflies'. Comstock Pub. Co., Ithaca, N. Y., 759 pp.
Peters, W. L. 1971, A revision of the Leptophlebiidae of the
West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. to Zool. No. 62^1-48.
and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1970. Revision of the generic
classification of the Eastern Hemisphere Leptophlebiidae,
Pacific Insects 1(1) : 157-240.
Schneider, R. F. 1967. Mayfly nymphs from Northwestern Florida.
Quart. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 29(3) :202-206.
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and L. Berner. 1963. A new Southeastern species
of B_aetis_ca (Ephemeroptera: Baetiscidae). Fla. Ent. 46(2):
183-187.
Spieth, H. T. 1947. Taxonomic studies on the Ephemeroptera.
IV'The genus Stenonema. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 40:87-122.
Traver, J. R. 1933. Mayflies of North Carolina, Part III. The
Heptageninae. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 48(2);141-207.
. 1933. Heptagenine mayflies of North America.
J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 41:105-125.
. 1937. Notes on mayflies of the Southeastern states.
J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 5J5(1):27-87.
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genus Thraulodes (Leptophlebiidae). Misc. Pub. Ent. Soc. Amer.
5_(8): 349-402.
, and . 1968. A revision of the Baetidae with
spatulate-clawed nymphs. Pacific Insects 10(3-4):629-677.
Hemiptera
Hungerford, H. B. 1948. The Corixidae of the Western Hemisphere.
Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 32:1-827.
LaRivers, I. 1953. Two new Nancorid bugs of the genus Ambrysus.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 103:1-7.
Megaloptera - Neuroptera
Neunzig, H. H. 1966. Larvae of the genus Nigronia. Banks.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 68(1):11-16.
Parfin, S. I, and A. B. Gurney. 1956. The spongilla-flies with
special reference to those of the Western hemisphere. Proc. U.S
Nat. Mus. 105:421-529.
Ross, H.. H. 1937. Nearctic alder flies of the genus Sailis.
111. Nat. Hist. Sur. Bull. 21_(3) :57-58.
Odonata
Carman, P. 1927. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part V.
The Odonata or dragonflies of Connecticut. Conn. Geol. Nat.
Hist. Surv. 39:1-331
8
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Kennedy, C. H. 1915. Notes on the life history and ecology of
the dragonflies (Odonata) of Washington and Oregon. Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus. 49_:259-345.
Kormondy, E. J. 1959. The systematics of Tetragoneuria based
on ecological life history and morphological evidence
(Odonata: Corduliidae). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich.
107:1-79.
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North America. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
615 pp.
Roback, S. S. and M. J. Westfall, Jr. 1967. New records of
Odonata nymphs from the United States and Canada with water
quality data. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 93:101-124.
Walker, E. M. 1953 § 1958. The Odonata of Canada and Alaska. Univ.
Toronto Press, Toronto, Vols.l § 2.
Williamson, E. B. 1899. The dragonflies of Indiana. Indiana
Dept. Geol. Nat. Res., 24th Annual Report:229-333.
Wright, M. and A. Peterson. 1944. A key to the genera of
Anisopterous dragonfly nymphs of the United States and
Canada (Odonata, suborder Anisoptera). Ohio J. Sci.
44:151-166.
Plecoptera
Prison, T. H. 1935. The stoneflies, or Plecoptera of Illinois.
Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. 2£:281-371,
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111. Nat. Hist. Surv. 22_: 235-355.
Harden, H. and E. Mickel. 1952. The stoneflies of Minnesota
(Plecoptera). Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. 201:1-84.
Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1970. Key to genera of Wisconsin Plecoptera
(stonefly) nymphs. Wise. Dept. Nat. Resources, Research Rept.
£7:2-18.
Jewett, S. G., Jr. 1954. New stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Western
North America. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 11_(5) :543-549.
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1959. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest.
Oregon State College Press. 95 pp.
. 1960. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of California. Bull.
Cal. Ins. Surv. £(6) : 125-177.
. 1965. Four new stoneflies ±rom California and Oregon
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Narf, R. P. 1969. A proposed key to the species of Allocapnia
(Plecoptera: Capniidae) males. Wise. Rept. Nat. Resources.
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(Capniidae: Plecoptera) Ent. News. 78(9);225-226.
Nebeker, A. V. and A. R. Gaufin. 1965. The .Cabala columbiana complex
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9^:467-487.
and . 1966. New Paraleuctra from the Rocky Mountains
(Plecoptera: Leuctridae) Ent. News 77(9):256-59.
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Ent. News 77(2):37-43.
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Ent. Soc. 4£:415-421.
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(Plecoptera, Capniidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 94:1-24.
Ross, H. H. and T. H. Prison. 1937. Studies of nearctic aquatic
insects. Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. 21:57-99.
Trichoptera
Flint, 0. S, I960. Taxonomy and biology of nearctic Limnephilid larvae
(Trichoptera}., with special reference to species in Eastern United
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Puerto Rico Agri. Expt. Sta., Tech. Paper 40, 80 pp.
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reference to their larvae (Jrichoptera}. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
Publ. No. 3491, 115:467-481.
10
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. 1970. Studies of neotropical caddisflies, X;Leucotrichia
and related genera from North and Central America. Smithsonian Contr.
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Bull. Lloyd Lib. of Bot., Phar, and Materia Medica #21, Entomological
Series Ij 16-19.
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Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 67:35-126.
* . 1944. The caddisflies, or Trichoptera of Illinois. Bull. 111.
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. 1947. Descriptions and records of North American Trichoptera
with synoptic notes. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73:125-168.
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Sherberger, F. F. and J. B. Wallace. 1971. Larvae of the Southeastern
species of Molanna. J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 44(2):217-224.
Sherberger, F*. F. and J. B. Wallace. 1971. Description of the larval
stage of Rhyacophila vuphiphes ;
J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 79flJ:43§44.
stage of Rhyacophila vuphiphes jptlne (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae).
. 79C1J:-
Wallace, J. B. 1970. A new species of Psilotreta from North Carolina
(Trichoptera: Odonto«eridae)Ent. News 81:243-245.
Wallace, J. B. and H. H. Ross. 1971. Pseudogoerinae: A new subfamily
of Odontoceridae(Trichopera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64(4):980-894.
Wallace, J. B. and F. F. Sherberger. 1970. The immature stages of
Anisocentropus pyraloides (Trichoptera:Calamoceratidae) J. Ga.
Ent. Soc. 5(4):217-224.
1960. A preliminary systematic study of the North
American larvae of the caddisflies, Family Phryganeidae
(Trichoptera). Can. J. Zool. 38:1153-1170.
*Available from Entomological Reprint Specialists. Los Angeles, California
90007.
11
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Wiggins, G. B. 1961. Records and descriptions of North American
species in the genus Lepidostoma, with a revision of the vernalis
group (Trichoptera:Lepidostomatidae). Can. Ent. 93(8):695-297.
. 1961. The rediscovery of an unusual North American
Phryganeid, with some additional records of caddis flies from
Newfoundland (Trichoptera). Can. Ent. 93(8);695-702.
. 1962. A new subfamily of Phryganeid caddisflies from
Western North America (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae). Can. J. Zool.
40i:879-891.
_• 1963. Larvae and pupae of two North American Lem-
nephilid caddisfly genera (Trichoptera:Limnephilidae).
Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. £7(4):103-112,
. 1965. Additions and revisions to the genera of North
American caddisflies of the family Brachycentridae with special
reference to the larval stages .(Trichoptera). Can. Ent. 97;
1089-1106.
, and N. H. Anderson. 1968. Contributions to the systematics of the
"caddisfly genera Pseudostenophylax and Philocasca with special reference
aiopr
to the immature stages (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) Can. J. Zool.
46_: 61-75.
Yamamoto, T. and G. B. Wiggins, 1964. A comparative study of the
North American species in the caddisfly genus Mystacides
(Trichoptera:Leptoceridae). Can. J. Zool. 42j 1105-1126.
ARTHROPODA
CRUSTACEA
Birstein, Y. A. 1951. Fauna of U.S.S.R.: Crustacea: Freshwater
isopods. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of
the U.S.S.R. New Series No. 47 (Translated from Russian by
Israel Program for Scientific Translations, available from
U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington).
Bousfield, E. L. 1958. Fresh-water Amphipod crustaceans of
glaciated North America. Can. Field Nat. 22_:55-113.
Cole, G. A. 1970. Gammarus minus: Geographic variation and
description of new subspecies. ,G. M. pinicollis (Crustacea;
Amphipoda) Trans. Amer. Micros.ISoc. 89(4):514-523.
12
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1970. The ep Inter a of North American fresh-water species
' "* 'of GaTfflfiarus GCrustacea:Amphipoda) Biol, Soc. Wash. Proc. 83(31) ;
333^348.
Crocker, D. W. 1957. The crayfishes of New York State. N.Y.
State Mus.''§ Sic. Service Bull. 355:13-47.
, and D. W. Barr. 1968. Handbook of the crayfishes of
Ontario. Life Sciences Misc. Publ., U. of Toronto Press.
Francois, D. D. 1959. The crayfishes of New Jersey. Ohio J. of
Sci. 5£(2):108-127.
Hobbs, H. H., Jr., and C. W. Hart, Jr. 1959. The freshwater
decapod Crustaceans of the Apalachicola drainage system in
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Bryozoa
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Minor Taxa
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