EPA-R4-72-006                    Environmental Monitoring Series
October 1972
References  for  the

Identification of

Freshwater Macroinvertebrates
                            National Environmental Research Center
                            Office of Research and Monitoring
                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                            Cincinnati, Ohio 45268

-------
                                      EPA-R4-72-006
                                      October 1972
REFERENCES FOR  THE IDENTIFICATION
                          OF
 FRESHWATER  MACROINVERTEBRATES
                       Philip A. Lewis
               Analytical  Quality Control Laboratory
                    Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
                  Program Element No. B11027
             NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
                OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
              U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                   CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268

-------
                   REVIEW NOTICE

     The Solid Waste Research Laboratory of the
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has reviewed
this report and approved its publication.  Mention
of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                        11

-------
                     FOREWORD
     Man and his environment must be protected from
the adverse effects of pesticides, radiation, noise
and other forms of pollution, and the unwise manage-
ment of solid waste.  Efforts to protect this environ-
ment require a focus that recognizes the interplay
between the components of our physical environment
- air, water and land.  The multidisciplinary programs
of the National Environmental Research Centers provide
this focus as they engage in studies of the effects
of environmental contaminants on man and the biosphere
and in a search for ways to prevent contamination and
recycle valuable resources.

     As part of the research work involved in these
protection efforts, macroinvertebrates are used as
indicators of freshwater pollution.  The references
included in this bibliography were chosen as being
particularly pertinent to aid the field and laboratory
scientist and the student identify-these important
organisms.
                         ANDREW W. BREIDENBACH, Ph.D.
                       Director, National Environmental
                         Research Center, Cincinnati
                        111

-------
                   TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                         Page

Annelida
     Oligochaeta	   1
     Hirudinea	   1
Arthropoda
     Insecta
          Coleoptera	   2
          Diptera: Chaoboridae 	   2
          Diptera: Chironomidae  	   2
          Diptera: Other 	   6
          Ephemeroptera	   6
          Hemiptera  	   8
          Megaloptera- Neuroptera	   8
          Odonata  	   9
          Plecoptera	10
          Trichoptera	11
     Crustacea	13
Bryozoa	14
Mollusca	14
Platyhelminthes
     Turbellaria	15
Minor Taxa	16
General References	  .  16

-------
                             ANNELIDA

                           Oligochaeta

Brinkhurst, R. 0.  1964, 1965, and 1966.  Studies on the North
    American aquatic Oligochaeta.  Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
    Part I, 1964, 116(5):195-230; Part II, 1965, 117(4):117-172;
    Part III, 19667Tl8Cl):l-33.

             1969.  Oligochaeta.  In: Keys to water quality indicative
    organisms.  (S. E. United States), FWPCA, Atlanta, Georgia.

    	.  A. L." Hamilton, and H. B. Herrington.  1968.   Components
    of the bottom fauna of the St. Lawrence, Great Lakes.   Great
    Lakes Research Institute #PR 33.

    	and B. G. Jamieson.  1971.  Oligochaeta of the world.
    Oxford Press, N.Y.

Galloway, T. W.  1911.  The common fresh-water Oligochaeta of the
    U. S. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 29-30:285-317.

Harmon, W. J.  1969.  Revision of the family Opistocystidae
    (Oligochaeta).  Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 88(4):472-478.

Hi1tunen, J. K.  1967.  Some Oligochaetes from Lake Michigan.
    Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 86(4);433-454.

	.  1970.  Trial key to the Tubificidae of the Great Lakes
    Region.  Great Lakes Fish. Lab., Ann Arbor, Mich.

                             Hirudinea

Meyer, M. C.  1940.  A revision of the leeches living on freshwater
    fishes of North America.  Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 59:354-376.

          and J. P. Moore.  1954.  Notes on Canadian leeches with
    the description of a new species.  Wasmann J. Biol.  12(1);63-95.

          and M. C. Miller.  1951.  Leeches (Hirudinea)  from Alaska
    and adjacent waters.  Wasmann J. Biol. 9_: 11-77.

Miller, J. A.  1937.  A study of the leeches of Michigan with keys
    to orders, suborders, and species.  Ohio J. Sci. 37:85-90.

Moore, J. P.  1898.  The Hirudinea of Illinois.  111. Lab Nat. Hist.
    Surv. Bull. 5:479-546.

-------
Pennak, R. W.  1953.   Fresh-water invertebrates  o£ the  United States.
    Ronald Press Co.,  N.Y.

Scott  J. H.  1970.  Systematics, distribution and ecology o£ Colorado
    Hirudinea.  Am. Midi. Nat. 83(l):l-37.

Soos  A   1965 and 1966.  Identification key to the leech genera of
SO°S;he'wor?d  wUh a catalogue of the *»*«'^*l'£l«f    '
    Acta  Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11:417-463, 12:145-160, 371-407.

              1912.  The  leeches of Minnesota.  Zool. Ser. Geol. Surv.
    Minn. 5:63-143.
                            ARTHROPODA
                              INSECTA
                            Coleoptera


  Hinton,  H.  E.   1941.   New genera and species  of Elmidae.  Trans. Roy.
      Ent. Soc.  Lond.  91(3):65-104.

  Sanderson,  M.  W.   1938.   A monographic  revision of the North American
      species of Stenelmis  (Dryopidae: Coleoptera).   Univ.  Kans.
      Sci. Bull. 15(22):635-717.

  Sinclair, R. M.  1964. Water quality requirements of the family Elmidae
      (Coleoptera)  with keys to the larvae  and  adults of the  eastern
      genera.  Tenn.  Stream Pollution  Control Board, Tenn.  Dept. Public
      Health.
                        Diptera;   Chaoboridae

  Saether,  0.  A.   1970.   Nearctic and palaearctic  Chaoborus.    Fish. Res.
   '   Bd.  Can. Bull.  174-1-58.
                      Diptera:   Chironomidae

  Beck,  E.G.   1962.   Five  new  Chironomidae  (Diptera)  from  Florida.
      Fla.  Ent. 45(2):89-92.

  Beck,  E.  C.  and W.  M.  Beck, Jr.   1969.   The Chironomidae  of Florida.
      II.  The nuisance  species.  Fla.  Ent.  S2_(l):l-ll.

            and	.   1969.   Chironomidae of Florida.  III.  The
  	Harnischia complex.  Bull. Fla.  St.  Mus. L3(5):  277-313.

-------
Beck, W. M., Jr.  1968.  Chironomidae.  In: Keys to water quality
    indicative organisms of the S. E. United States.  FWPCA
    Atlanta, Georgia.

Beck, W. M., Jr.  and E. C. Beck.  1958.  A new species of Xenochironomus
    from Florida  (Diptera:Chironomidae).  Fla. Ent. 41(1):27 $ 28.

                                   1966.  Chironomidae (Diptera) of
    Florida.  I. Pentaneurini  (Tanypodinae).  Bull. Fla. St. Mus.,
    10(8):305-379.
                                  1970.  The immature stages of some
    Chironomini  (Chironomidae).  Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci. 33(1):
    29-42.

 Brundin,  L.   1959.  Key to the Northern European genera of Orthocladiinae,
    From:  Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae.  Report No. 37 of the
    Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottingholm, Sweden.

 Curry,  L.  L.   1958.   Larvae and pupae of  the  species of Cryptochironomus
    in  Michigan.  Limnol. and Oceanogr. 3_(4): 427-442.


              1962.  A key for the  larval  forms of  aquatic midges
             \ 4 J « • »  T% .1 —. .4. _	^ _/*%*'_l_'^	    ^   i   Jt *t   ^ 
-------
 Hamilton-,  A.  L.,  0.  A.  Saether,  and  D.  R. Oliver.   1969.  A
     classification  of the nearctic Chironomidae.   Fish. Res.
     Bd. Can.  Tech.  Rpt. No.  124:1-42.

 Hilsenhoff, W.  L. and R. P.  Narf.  1968.  Ecology  of Chironomidae,
     Chaoboridae,  and other benthos in  fourteen Wisconsin  Lakes.
     Ann. Ent.  Soc.  Amer. 61^5):1173-1181.

 *Johannsen, 0.  A.   1934.  Aquatic Diptera.  Part I.   Nemocera,
     exclusive  of  Chironomidae  and Ceratopogonidae.   Mem.  Cornell
     Univ.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta. 164;1-70.

               1935.   Aquatic Diptera.   Part II.  Orthorrhapha-
     Brachycera  and  Cyclorrhapha.   Ibid.  177:1-62.

            .  1937.   Aquatic  Diptera.  Part  III.  Chironomidae:
     Subfamilies Tanypodinae,  Diamesinae,  and Orthocladiinae.
     Ibid.  205:1-84.

    	.   1937a.  Aquatic  Diptera.   Part  IV.  Chironomidae:
     Subfamily Chironominae.   Ibid. 210:1-56.

    	.  1946.   Revision  of the North American species of the
     genus  Pentaneura.  J. New York Ent.  Soc. 54:270-289.

           and H.  K.  Townes.   1952.  Guide to the insects of
     Connecticut.  Part VI.  The Diptera or true  flies.  Fascicle
     5:  Midges and gnats.  Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull.
     No.  80:1-255.

Malloch, J. R.  1915.  The Chironomidae, or midges  of Illinois,
     with particular reference to the species occurring in the
     Illinois River.  Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat.  Hist. 10  (art.
     6:273-590.

Mason,  W. T., Jr.  1968.  An introduction to the identification
     of  chironomid larvae.  FWPCA, U.S. Dept.  of  Interior, Cin-
     cinnati, 0.

Roback, S. S.   1953.  Savannah River tendipedid larvae.   Proc
    Acad. Nat.  Sci.  Phila. 105:91-152.

	•   1957.   The immature tendipedids  of the Philadelphia
    Area.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. Phila.  Mono.  No.  9.   148 pp.
*Available from Entomological Reprint Specialists,  Los  Angeles,
 California 90007,
                                4

-------
	.  1959.  The Subgenus Ablabesmyia of Pentaneura
     (Diptera: Tendipedidae, Pelopiinae).  Trans. Amer. Ent.
     Soc. 85_:113-135.

	.  1969.  The Immature stages of the genus Tan/pus
     Meigen.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 94:407-428.

	.  1963.  The genus Xenochironomus (Diptera: Tendipedidae)
     Kieffer, taxonomy and immature stages.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
     88:235-245.

	.  1970.  The subfamily Tanypodinae in North America.
     Monographs of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. No. 17:1-410.

Saether, 0. A.  1969.  Some nearctic Podonomenae Diamesinae,
     and Orthocladiinae.  Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Bull. 170:1-154.

Sublette, J. E.  1960.  Chironomid Midges of California.  Part I.
     Chironominae, exclusive of Tanytarsini (=Calopsectrini).
     Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 112:197-226.

	.  1964.  Chironomidae (Diptera) of Louisiana.
     I. Systematics and immature stages of some bentic chironomids
     of West-Central Louisiana.  Tulane Studies in Zoology.
     U_(4): 109-150.


	_•  1966-  Type specimens of Chironomidae (Diptera) in
     the American Museum of Natural History.  J. Kan. Ent. Soc.
    39(l):l-32.
	.  1966.  Type specimens of Chironomidae  (Diptera) in
    the U. S. National Museum.  59(4):580-607.


	.  1967.  Type specimens of Chironomidae  (Diptera) in
    the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.  J. Kan. Ent. Soc.
    40(3):290-331.


	..  1967.  Type specimens of Chironomidae  (Diptera) in
    the Cornell Univ. Collection.  J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 40(4):477-564

Sublette, J. E.   1970.  Type specimens of Chironomidae (Diptera)
    in the Illinois Natural History Survey Collection, Urbana.
    J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 4S(1):44-95.


	and M. S. Sublette.   1965.  Family  Chironomidae
    (Tendipedidae).  A catalog  of Diptera of  America north
    of Mexico.  U. S. Dept. Agri. No. 276:143-181.

-------
Thienemann, A.  1954.  Chironomus:  Leben, Verbreitung und
    wirtschaftiche Bedeutung der Chironomiden.  Die Binnengewasser
    max-Planck Institut Vol. 20.  E. Schweizer-bartsche Verlags-
    buchhandlung, Stuttgart 834 pp.

Townes, H. K.  1945.  The nearctic species of Tendipendini.  Am.
    Midi. Nat. 34(1):1-206.
                       Diptera;  Other


Carpenter, S. J.  1970.  Observations on the distribution and
    ecology of mountain Aedes mosquitos in California.  Calif.
    Vector News 17(11):101-107.

Coe, R. L., P. Freeman, and P. F. Mattingly.  1950.  Handbook
    for the identification of British Insects: Diptera.  Roy.
    Ent. Soc. Lond. £(2):1-216.

Johannson, 0. A. and H. K. Townes.  1952.  Guide to the insects
    of Connecticut.  Part VI. The Diptera or true flies.  Bull.
    Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 8p_: 1-255.

Oldroyd, H., R. L. Coe, P. Freeman, and P. F. Mattingly.  1949.
    Handbooks for the  identification of British insects: Diptera.
    Parts 1 and 2.  Roy. Ent. Soc. of Lon. £U):l-49,  (2):1-216.

Stone, A. and E. L. Snoddy.  1969.  The blackflies of  Alabama.
    Auburn Univ. Ag. Exp. Station Bull. 390.

Wirth, W. W.  1953.  Biting midges of the heleid genus Stilobezzia
    in North America.  Proc. Nat. Mus. 103:57-154.
                         Ephemeroptera

Allen, R. K. and L. F. Edmunds.  1956.  A list of mayflies of
    Oregon.  Utah Acad. of Sci. Proceedings 33:85-87.

Bernerj L.  1950.  The Mayflies of Florida.  Univ. Fla. Studies,
    Biol. Sci. Ser. 4:1-267.
Britt, N. W.  1962.  Biology of two species of Lake Erie mayflies,
      fooron album (Say) and Ephemera simuli
      lio Biol. Survey, Columbus 1(5):1-70.
Burks, B. D.  1947.  New heptagenine mayflies.  Ann. Ent. Soc.
    Amer. 29:607-615.

-------
	.   1953.  The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of  Illinois.
     Bull.  111. Nat. Hist. Surv. 26_: 1-216.

Daggy, R.  H.   1945.  New species and previously undescribed
    naiads of some Minnesota jnayflies.  Ann. Ent. Soc.  Amer.
     38:373-396.

Edmunds, G. F., Jr.  1962.  The type Localities of the
     Ephemeroptera of North America  north of Mexico.  Univ.
     Utah Biol. Series  12(5):l-45.

           , R. K. Allen, and W. L.  Peters.  1963.  An annotated
    key  to the nymphs  of  the families  and subfamilies of may-
    flies.   Univ.  Utah Biol. Series 13(1):l-55.

Gooch, V. K.  1967.  Identification of Hexagenia bilineata  and H_.
    limbata nymphs.  Ent. News  78:101-103.

Hilsenhoff, W. L.   1970.  Key to genera of Wisconsin Ephemeroptera
    nymphs.  Wise.  Dept.  Nat. Resources.  Research Rept. 67:19-57.

McDunnough, J.   1933.  Notes on the heptagenine species described
    by Clemens from the Georgian Bay Region, Ont. Can. Ent, 65;
    17-24, 33-43.

Murphy,  H. E.  1922.   Notes on  the biology of some of our North
    American species of mayflies, Part 1: The metamorphosis of
    mayfly mouth Parts.   Part II: Notes on the biology of mayflies
    of the genus Baetis.  Bull. Lloyd  Lib. of Bot., Nat. Hist.
    Phar. and Materia  Medica, Cincinnati, Ohio #22(2):l-46  (Out of Print)

Needham, J. G.   1905.  Ephemeridae.  Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 86;
    17-62, 316-324.

	 and Helen E. Murphy.  1924.  Neotropical mayflies.
    Bull. Lloyd  Lib. Bot. Phar., and Materia  Medica, Cincinnati,
    Ohio, No. 2£(4):l-79  (Out of Print).

	J. R. Traver and Yin-Chi Hsw.  1935.  The biology
    of mayflies'.  Comstock Pub. Co., Ithaca, N. Y., 759 pp.

Peters, W.  L.   1971,  A revision of the Leptophlebiidae of the
    West Indies.   Smithsonian Contr.  to Zool.  No.  62^1-48.

	and G. F. Edmunds,  Jr.   1970.   Revision of the generic
    classification of the Eastern Hemisphere   Leptophlebiidae,
    Pacific Insects 1(1) : 157-240.
Schneider, R. F.  1967.  Mayfly nymphs from Northwestern Florida.
    Quart. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 29(3) :202-206.

-------
           and L. Berner.   1963.  A new Southeastern  species
    of B_aetis_ca  (Ephemeroptera:  Baetiscidae).   Fla.  Ent.  46(2):
    183-187.

Spieth, H. T.  1947.  Taxonomic  studies on  the  Ephemeroptera.
    IV'The genus Stenonema.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.  40:87-122.

Traver, J. R.  1933.  Mayflies of North Carolina,  Part  III. The
    Heptageninae.  J. Elisha Mitchell Sci.  Soc.  48(2);141-207.

	.  1933.  Heptagenine  mayflies of North  America.
    J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 41:105-125.

    	.  1937.  Notes on mayflies of the  Southeastern  states.
    J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 5J5(1):27-87.

    	  and George F. Edmunds, Jr.  1967.  A  revision  of  the
    genus Thraulodes  (Leptophlebiidae).  Misc. Pub. Ent. Soc. Amer.
    5_(8): 349-402.

    	, and 	.  1968.  A revision of the  Baetidae with
    spatulate-clawed  nymphs.  Pacific Insects 10(3-4):629-677.
                            Hemiptera

Hungerford, H. B.  1948.  The Corixidae of the Western Hemisphere.
    Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull.  32:1-827.

LaRivers, I.  1953.  Two new Nancorid bugs of the genus Ambrysus.
    Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 103:1-7.
                      Megaloptera  - Neuroptera

Neunzig, H. H.  1966.  Larvae of the genus Nigronia.  Banks.
    Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 68(1):11-16.

Parfin,  S.  I,  and  A.  B.  Gurney.   1956.   The  spongilla-flies  with
    special reference to those  of the Western hemisphere.  Proc. U.S
    Nat. Mus.  105:421-529.

Ross, H.. H.  1937.  Nearctic alder flies of  the  genus Sailis.
    111. Nat. Hist. Sur.  Bull.  21_(3) :57-58.

                             Odonata

Carman, P.   1927.   Guide  to the insects of Connecticut.  Part V.
    The Odonata or dragonflies of Connecticut.  Conn. Geol. Nat.
    Hist. Surv. 39:1-331
                                8

-------
Kennedy, C.  H.   1915.  Notes on the life history and ecology of
    the dragonflies (Odonata) of Washington and Oregon.   Proc.
    U. S.  Nat.  Mus. 49_:259-345.

Kormondy,  E. J.  1959.  The systematics of Tetragoneuria based
    on ecological life history and morphological evidence
    (Odonata: Corduliidae).  Misc. Publ. Mus.  Zool.   Univ.  Mich.
    107:1-79.

Needham, J.  G.  and M. J. Westfall, Jr.  1954.   Dragonflies  of
    North America.  Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
    615 pp.

Roback, S. S. and M. J. Westfall, Jr.  1967.  New records of
    Odonata nymphs from the United States and Canada with water
    quality data.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 93:101-124.

Walker, E.  M.   1953  §  1958.  The  Odonata of Canada and Alaska.  Univ.
    Toronto Press, Toronto, Vols.l  §  2.

Williamson, E.  B.  1899.  The  dragonflies of Indiana.  Indiana
    Dept. Geol. Nat. Res., 24th Annual Report:229-333.

Wright, M.  and A.  Peterson.  1944.  A  key to the genera of
    Anisopterous  dragonfly nymphs of the United States and
    Canada  (Odonata,  suborder  Anisoptera).  Ohio J.  Sci.
    44:151-166.
                           Plecoptera

 Prison, T. H.   1935.  The  stoneflies, or Plecoptera of Illinois.
     Bull.  111.  Nat. Hist.  Surv. 2£:281-371,

    	.    1942.  Studies of North American Plecoptera.  Bull.
     111. Nat. Hist. Surv. 22_: 235-355.

Harden, H. and E. Mickel.   1952.  The stoneflies of Minnesota
     (Plecoptera).  Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. 201:1-84.

Hilsenhoff, W. L.  1970.  Key to genera of Wisconsin Plecoptera
     (stonefly) nymphs.  Wise. Dept. Nat. Resources,  Research Rept.
     £7:2-18.

Jewett, S. G., Jr.  1954.   New stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Western
     North America.  J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada  11_(5) :543-549.

	.   1955.  Notes and descriptions concerning Western North
     American  stoneflies (Plecoptera).  Wasmann Biol. 13(1):145-154.

-------
             1959.  The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest.
    Oregon State College Press.  95 pp.

    	.  1960.  The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of California.  Bull.
    Cal. Ins. Surv. £(6) : 125-177.

    	.  1965.  Four new stoneflies ±rom California and Oregon
    (Plecoptera).  The Pan-Pac Ent. 41:5-9.

Narf, R. P.  1969.  A proposed key to the species of Allocapnia
    (Plecoptera: Capniidae) males.  Wise. Rept. Nat. Resources.

Nebeker, A. V.  1967.  The female of Capnia labradora. Richer
    (Capniidae: Plecoptera) Ent. News. 78(9);225-226.

Nebeker, A. V. and A. R. Gaufin.  1965.  The .Cabala columbiana complex
    of North America (Capniidae: Plecoptera).  Trans. Amer. Ent.  Soc.,
    9^:467-487.

	and	.   1966.  New Paraleuctra from the Rocky Mountains
    (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) Ent. News 77(9):256-59.

          _and	.   1966.  New stoneflies from Idaho (Plecoptera).
    Ent. News 77(2):37-43.

          and	.   1967.  Geographic and seasonal distribution
    of the family Capniidae of Western North America (Plecoptera).   J.  Kan.
    Ent. Soc. 4£:415-421.

   	and	.   1968.  The winter stoneflies of the Rocky Mountains
    (Plecoptera, Capniidae).  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 94:1-24.

Ross, H. H. and T. H. Prison.  1937.  Studies of nearctic aquatic
    insects.  Bull. 111. Nat. Hist.  Surv.  21:57-99.
                           Trichoptera

Flint, 0. S,  I960.  Taxonomy and biology of nearctic Limnephilid larvae
    (Trichoptera}., with special reference to species in Eastern United
    States.  En-tomol. Amer., 40:1-120.

          .  1964.  The caddisflies (Triehoptera)  of Puerto Rico.  Univ.
    Puerto Rico Agri. Expt. Sta., Tech.  Paper 40,  80 pp.

   	.   1964.  Notes on some nearctic Psychomyiidae  with special
    reference to their larvae (Jrichoptera}.   Proc.  U.  S. Nat.  Mus.
    Publ. No. 3491, 115:467-481.
                               10

-------
 	.   1970.   Studies of neotropical caddisflies, X;Leucotrichia
     and  related genera  from North and Central America.  Smithsonian Contr.
     to Zool.  60:1-64.

 Hickin.  N, E.   1968.   Caddis  larvae:  Larvae of British Trichoptera.
     Associated  University Press, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512.

 Hilsenhoff, W.  L.   1970.  Key  to genera of Trichoptera larvae.  Wise.
     Dept. Nat.  Resources.  Research Rpt. 67:38-67.

 Lloyd, J. T.  1921.  The biology of North American caddisfly larvae.
     Bull. Lloyd Lib. of Bot.,  Phar, and Materia Medica #21, Entomological
     Series  Ij 16-19.

 Ross, H. H.   1941.   Descriptions and records of North American Trichoptera.
     Trans.  Amer. Ent. Soc. 67:35-126.

*	.  1944.   The  caddisflies, or Trichoptera of Illinois.  Bull. 111.
     Nat. Hist.  Surv. 13:1-326.

 	.   1947.   Descriptions and records of North American Trichoptera
     with synoptic notes.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73:125-168.

           .   1971.   Hydropsychid genus A. Diplectrona (Trichoptera:
     Hydropsychidae), J.  Ga. Ent. Soc. 5(4) : 229-231.
 Sherberger, F.  F. and J. B. Wallace.  1971.  Larvae of the Southeastern
     species of  Molanna. J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 44(2):217-224.

 Sherberger, F*.  F. and J. B. Wallace.  1971.  Description of the larval
     stage of  Rhyacophila vuphiphes ;
     J. N. Y.  Ent. Soc.  79flJ:43§44.
stage of Rhyacophila vuphiphes jptlne   (Trichoptera:  Rhyacophilidae).
                 .  79C1J:-
 Wallace,  J.  B.  1970.  A new species of Psilotreta from North Carolina
     (Trichoptera: Odonto«eridae)Ent. News 81:243-245.

 Wallace,  J.  B.  and H. H. Ross.  1971.  Pseudogoerinae: A new subfamily
     of Odontoceridae(Trichopera).  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64(4):980-894.

 Wallace,  J.  B.  and F. F. Sherberger.  1970.  The immature stages of
     Anisocentropus pyraloides  (Trichoptera:Calamoceratidae) J. Ga.
     Ent.  Soc. 5(4):217-224.

             1960.  A preliminary systematic study of the North
     American  larvae of  the caddisflies, Family Phryganeidae
     (Trichoptera).  Can. J. Zool. 38:1153-1170.
 *Available  from Entomological Reprint Specialists. Los Angeles, California
 90007.
                               11

-------
Wiggins, G. B.  1961.  Records and descriptions of North American
    species in the genus Lepidostoma, with a revision of the vernalis
    group  (Trichoptera:Lepidostomatidae).  Can. Ent. 93(8):695-297.

	.  1961.  The rediscovery of an unusual North American
    Phryganeid, with some additional records of caddis flies from
    Newfoundland  (Trichoptera).  Can. Ent. 93(8);695-702.

    	.  1962.  A new subfamily of Phryganeid caddisflies from
    Western North America (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae).  Can. J. Zool.
    40i:879-891.

    	_• 1963.  Larvae and pupae of two North American Lem-
    nephilid caddisfly genera (Trichoptera:Limnephilidae).
    Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. £7(4):103-112,

    	.  1965.  Additions and revisions to the genera of North
    American caddisflies of the family Brachycentridae with special
    reference to the larval stages .(Trichoptera).   Can.  Ent. 97;
    1089-1106.

      , and N. H. Anderson.  1968.  Contributions  to the systematics of the
    "caddisfly genera Pseudostenophylax and Philocasca with special reference
                     	aiopr	
    to the immature stages (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)  Can. J. Zool.
    46_: 61-75.

Yamamoto, T. and G. B. Wiggins,  1964.  A comparative study of the
    North American species in the caddisfly genus Mystacides
    (Trichoptera:Leptoceridae).  Can. J. Zool. 42j 1105-1126.
                          ARTHROPODA


                          CRUSTACEA

Birstein, Y. A.  1951.  Fauna of U.S.S.R.: Crustacea: Freshwater
    isopods.  Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of
    the U.S.S.R. New Series No. 47 (Translated from Russian by
    Israel Program for Scientific Translations, available from
    U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington).

Bousfield, E. L.  1958.  Fresh-water Amphipod crustaceans of
    glaciated North America.  Can. Field Nat. 22_:55-113.

Cole, G. A.  1970.   Gammarus minus: Geographic variation  and
    description of new subspecies. ,G. M. pinicollis (Crustacea;
    Amphipoda) Trans.  Amer.  Micros.ISoc. 89(4):514-523.
                              12

-------
             1970.  The ep Inter a of North American fresh-water species
' "* 'of GaTfflfiarus GCrustacea:Amphipoda) Biol, Soc. Wash. Proc. 83(31) ;
    333^348.

Crocker, D. W.  1957.  The crayfishes of New York State.  N.Y.
    State Mus.''§ Sic. Service Bull. 355:13-47.

	, and D. W. Barr.  1968.  Handbook of the crayfishes of
    Ontario.  Life Sciences Misc. Publ., U. of Toronto Press.

Francois, D. D.  1959.  The crayfishes of New Jersey.  Ohio J. of
    Sci. 5£(2):108-127.

Hobbs, H. H., Jr., and C. W. Hart, Jr.  1959.  The freshwater
    decapod Crustaceans of the Apalachicola drainage system in
    Florida, Southern Alabama, and Georgia.  Bull. Fla. St. Mus.
    Biol. Sic. £(5):145-191.

Holsinger, J. R. 1967.  Systematics, speciation, and distribution
    of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygonectes (Gammaridae).
    U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. #259:1-176.

Mackin, J. G.  1949.  The freshwater isopods of the genus Lirceus
    (Asellota:Asellidae). Am. Midi. Nat. 42:334-349.

Ortman, A. E.  1931.  Crawfishes of the Southern Appalachians and
    the Cumberland Plateau.  Ann. Carnegie Mus., 20(2):61-160.

Rhoades, R.  1944.  Crayfishes of Kentucky, with notes on variation,
    distribution and descriptions of new species and subspecies.
    Am. Midi. Nat. 3J_: 111-149.

Riegel, J. A.  1959.  The systematics and distribution of crayfishes
    in California.  Calif. Fish and Game 45(1);29-50.

Stansberry, D. H.  1962.  A revised checklist of the crayfish
    of Ohio CDecapoda: Astacidae).  Ohio State Univ. Dept. Zool.and
    Ent., 5 pp.
Styron, C. E.  1969.  Taxonomy of two populations of an aquatic
    isopod, Lircus fontinalis Raf. Am. Midi. Nat. 82^2): 402-416.

Turner, C. L.  1926.  The crayfish of Ohio.  Ohio State Univ.
    Bull., Ohio Biol. Surv. 3j;3): 145-195.

Williams, A. B.  1954.  Speciation and distribution of the
    crayfishes of the Ozark Plateaus and Ouachita Provines. Kans,
    Univ. Sci. Bull. 36(12) :803-918.

Williams, W. D.  1970.  A revision of North American epigean species
    of Asellus.  Smithsonian Contr. to Zool. #49:1-80.
                               13

-------
                            Bryozoa

Bushnell, J. H., Jr.   1965.  On the taxonomy and distribution of
     freshwater  Ectoprocta in Michigan, Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc.,
     Part I. 8£(2):231-244, Part II 8£C3):339-358, Part III 8£(4)
     :S29-S48.

Rogick, M. D.   1935.   Studies of freshwater bryozoa, II.  The
     Bryozoa of  Lake Erie.  Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 5£: 245-263.

             1940.  Studies on freshwater bryozoa, IX.  Additions
    to New York bryozoa.  Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 59;187-204.

	.  1941.  Studies of freshwater bryozoa, X.  The
    occurrence of PIornate1la casmiana in North America.  Trans.
    Amer. Microsc. Soc. 60:211-220.

	.  1943.  Studies on freshwater bryozoa, XIII.  Additional
    Plumatella casmiana data. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 62:265-270.

	.  1945.  Studies on freshwater bryozoa, XV.  Hyalinella
    punctata.  growth data. Ohio J. Sci. 45(2):55-79.

_____^	, and H. Van Der Schalie.  1950.  Studies on freshwater
    bryozoa.  XVII. Michigan bryozoa.  Ohio J. Sci. 50(5):136-146.


                           Mollusca

Baker, F. C.  1928.  The fresh-water Mollusca of Wisconsin ,
    Wise. Acad. Sci. Bull.  Part I. Gastropoda 70:1-505.
    Part II. Pelecypoda 70:1-495.

	.   1945.  The Molluscan family Planordidae.  The University
    of Illinois Press, Urbana (Available from University Microfilms).

Call, R. E.   1899.  Mollusca of Indiana.  Indiana Dept. Geol. Nat.
    Res. 24th Ann. Rpt: 337-535.

Harman, W. N. and C.O. Berg.   1971.  The freshwater snails of Central
    New York with illustrated keys to the genera and species.
    Search (Cornell Univ.  Agri.  Exp. Sta.,  Ithaca, N.Y.)  U4):l-68.

Heard, W. H. and J. B. Burch.   1966.  Key to the genera of freshwater
    Pelecypods  of Michigan.   Mich. Univ.  Mus.  of Zoo.  Circular No.
    4:1-14.

LaRacque, A.  1966.  Plesitocene Mollusca of Ohio.  Ohio Rep and Nat.
    Res., Columbus, Bull 62(.1-4) .
                              14

-------
 Leonard, A, B.  1959.   Gastropods  in Kansas.   Kan.  Univ.  Dept.  Zool.
     State Biol.  Surv.  224 pp.

 Murry, H. D. and A. B. Leonard.   1962.   Unionid mussels  in  Kansas.
     Kan. Univ. Dept. Zool. and State Biol.  Surv. No.  28,
     104 pp.

 Ortmann, A. E.  1919.   A monograph of the naiades of  Pennsylvania.
     Part III. Systematic account of the genera and species.  Memoirs
     of the Carnegie Museum 8{l):l-383.

 Parmalee, P. W.   1967.  The freshwater mussels of Illinois.  111.
     State Mus. Popular Science Series,  Vol. VIII 1-108.

 Robertson, I. C. S. and C. L.  Blakeslee.  1948.  The  Mollusca of the
     Niagara Frontier Region.  Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci.  1£(3):1-191.

 Sinclair, R. M.  and B. G. Isom.   1963,   Further studies  on  the
     introduced asiatic clam Corbicula in Tennessee.  Tennessee Stream
     Pollution Control  Board, Tennessee Department of  Public Health,
     75 pp.
 Starrett, W. C.   1971.  A survey of the mussels (Unionidae) of the
    Illinois River, a polluted stream.  111. Nat. Hist. Sur. Bull.
    30 (5): 267-403.

 Stein,  C. B.  1962. Key to the  fresh-water mussels (Family Unionidae)
     of Western Lake Erie.  Ohio  State Univ.,  Stone  Laboratory,  5 pp.
                        PLATYHELMINTHES

                          Turbellaria

 Kenk,  R.   1953.   The  fresh-water  triclads of Alaska.  Proc. Nat. Mus.
     103;163-186.

 	.   1969.  Freshwater  triclads  (Turbellaria) of North America.
     Part  T.   The  genus  Planaria.   Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash. 8^:539-558.

 	1970.  Freshwater  triclads  (Turbellaria) of North America.
     Part  Yl.   New or  little known species of Phagocata.  Proc. Biol.
     Soc.  Wash. 83:13-34.

	.   1970.  Freshwater triclads  (Turbellaria) of North America.
    Part III.   Sphalloplana weingartneri, n. sp.  from a cave in Indiana

	1970.  Freshwater  triclads  (Turbellaria) of North America.
    Part IV.   The  polypharyngeal species  of  Phagocata.  Smithsonian
    Contr. Zool.  80:1-17.
                              15

-------
                          Minor Taxa

Crowell, R. M.  1960.  The taxonomy, distribution, and development stages
    of Ohio water mites.  Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv. U2):l-77.

Lange, W. H.  1956.  A generic revision of the aquatic moths of North
    America:  (Lepidoptera: pyralidae,Nymphulinae).   Wasmann J. of
    Bio. 1£C1):59-144.

Penny, J. T. and A. A. Racek.  1968.  Comprehensive revision of a
    worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae).
    U.S. Na. Mus. Bull. 272:1-184.
                       General References^


 Borror,  D. J.   1960.  Dictionary of word roots and combining forms.
    National Press  Books, Palo Alto, Calif.

 Eddy,  S. and A. C.  Hodson.   1961.  Taxonomic keys to the common animals
    of the North Central states.  3rd ed. Burgess Publ. Co., Minneapolis,
    Minn.  162pp.

 Edmondson, W. T., Ed.  1959.  Ward and Whipple's.  Fresh-water biology.
    John Wiley  and  Sons, Inc.  New York, 1248 pp.

 Kuzin, B. S.  1966.  Plankton and benthos of inland waters (Translated
    from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations.)
    Available from  U. S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield, Virginia  22151.

 Needham, J. G.  and  Paul R. Needham.  1962.  A guide to the study of
    fresh-water biology.  Holden-Day, Inc. San'Francisco.

 Parrish, F. K.  (Ed.).  1968.  Keys to water quality indicative
    organisms (Southeastern United States).  FWPCA, Department of
    Interior, Atlanta, Georgia.

 Pennak, R. W.   1953.  Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States.
    Ronald Press Co., New York.   769.

Petersen, A.   1962.  Larvae of insects:   An introduction to
    riearctic species.  Parts I $ II.   Edwards Brothers,  Inc.,  Ann
    Arbor, MI.

Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.  DeLa.   1962.   A glossary of entomology.   Brooklyn
    Ent.  Soc., Brooklyn 1,  N.Y.,  372  pp.
                              16

-------
Tuxen, S. L.   1970.   Taxonomists glossary of genitalia in  insects.
    Munksgaard,  Copenhagen (Available  from S. H. Service Agency,
    Inc., Darien,  Conn. 06820.)

Usinger, R.  L.,  Ed.   1963.  Aquatic  insects of California.  Univ.
    of Claif.  Press,  Berkeley and Los  Angeles, 508 pp.
                              17
                                         U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OfFffifc 1972- 759-548/1029

-------