WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
OIL & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PROGRAM SERIES
OHM 7102 001
Spill Prevention Techniques
for Hazardous Polluting Substances
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY • WATER QUALITY OFFICE
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SPILL PREVENTION TECHNIQUES
FOR HAZARDOUS POLLUTING SUBSTANCES
An Inventory and Survey of Hazardous Chemical Facilities in
Charleston, West Virginia; Baltimore, Maryland; Texas City, Texas;
and the Suisun Bay-Delta Area, California
February 1971
Prepared by
J. L. Goodier
J.I. Stevens, S. V. Margolin,
W. V. Keary and J. R. McMahan
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
under Contract 14-12-927
for
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WATER QUALITY OFFICE
DIVISION OF OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Arlington, Virginia
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FOREWORD
The need for this study of spill prevention techniques for
hazardous polluting substances was established by the recently en-
acted Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970. The Division of Oil
and Hazardous Materials. Water Quality Office, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency determined that a data base of materials and tech-
niques which are used to prevent discharges of hazardous polluting
substances was needed. It was determined that an appropriate means
of gathering these data would be to survey selected sites. Four
geographically different areas were selected as a random sample to
survey various industrial facilities and procedures designed to prevent
spills of hazardous polluting substances.
This prevention-oriented study was designed to complement the
state-of-the-art study entitled, Control of Spillage of Hazardous
Polluting Substances and published by the Water Quality Office.
Also, this study was designed to explore in greater detail and comple-
ment publications by the U.S. Coast Guard entitled, Control of
Hazardous Polluting Substances and the Abstract of Proceedings of
the Hazardous Polluting Substance Symposium. The relationship of
this prevention-oriented study to these previously published efforts
has resulted in the documentation of existing procedures in consider-
able detail, and in recommendations for the prevention of spillage of
hazardous polluting substances.
It is reasonable to expect that subsequent studies will be made
with reports prepared to illustrate new prevention and control con-
cepts, modified monitoring and detecting techniques, new counter-
measure or removal techniques and procedures, and the development
of detailed chemical, physical, and biological testing procedures.
These studies will be designed to bridge gaps in the availability of
information and technology dealing with the handling of discharges
of hazardous polluting substances. This prevention concept survey
will constitute a basis for identification of areas of need in which the
Federal Government and/or other capable bodies may respond in a
coordinated manner to develop only those techniques and informa-
tion required to minimize the dangers presented to the environment
by such discharges.
Dr. Hugh Thompson
The Division of Oil and Hazardous Materials
Water Quality Office
Environmental Protection Agency
Arlington, Virginia
in
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Figures vii
List of Tables IX
I. SUMMARY 1
A. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY 1
B. FINDINGS 1
C. SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS 3
II. INTRODUCTION 5
A. BACKGROUND 5
B. MODE OF SURVEY 6
III. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF SPILLS OF HAZARDOUS POLLUTING
SUBSTANCES 9
A. BASIS FOR RECOMMENDATIONS 9
B. SPILL PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
HAZARDOUS POLLUTING SUBSTANCES 9
IV. SURVEY SITE OBSERVATIONS 19
A. TE XAS CITY, TE XAS 19
B. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 72
C. SUISUN BAY-DELTA, CALIFORNIA 107
D. CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA 145
APPENDICES
A. INVENTORIES OF MAJOR TRANSPORT, TRANSFER,
AND STORAGE FACILITIES INVOLVED IN HANDLING
HAZARDOUS POLLUTING SUBSTANCES 187
B. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED REGULATIONS DESIGNATING
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 203
C. INDUSTRIAL MUTUAL AID SYSTEM OF
TEXAS CITY, TEXAS 221
D. HANDLING OF CHEMICALSPILLS IN PUBLIC WATERS 269
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
APPENDICES (Continued)
E. RESOLUTION NO. 68-65 - PRESCRIBING REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR TWENTY-ONE WASTE DISCHARGES BY
CALIFORNIA AND HAWAIIAN SUGAR COMPANY
INTO CARQUINEZ STRAIT NEAR CROCKETT,
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY 275
F. INDUSTRIAL SPILLS AND HAZARD ALERT
PROCEDURES 285
VI
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Page
1 Area of Survey — Drainage Plan for the Industrial Area
of Texas City, Texas 21
2 Aerial View of Texas City Showing Location of Texas
City Docks, Terminal Railway Company, and Monsanto
Company Plants 23
3 General Layout of GAF Corporation Property,
Texas City, Texas 27
4 Aerial View of Gulf Chemical and Metallurgical Corporation,
Texas City, Texas 34
5 Aerial View of Union Carbide Corporation Waste-Water
Treatment Ponds Showing New Anaerobic Treatment Ponds
under Construction in Foreground, Texas City, Texas 39
6 Aerial View of Complete Union Carbide Corporation Facility,
Texas City, Texas, Showing Adjacent Roads and Properties 41
7 General Layout of Borden Chemical Company, Smith-
Douglass Division, Texas City, Texas 51
8 Aerial View of Refining Division, Marathon Oil Company,
Texas City, Texas 59
9 General Layout of Texas City Refining Corporation,
Texas City, Texas 65
10 Topographical Survey of Texas City Refining Corporation
Plant, Texas City, Texas, Showing Oil and Water Separator
for Plant Effluent 66
11 Aerial View of Baltimore, Maryland, Harbor Showing
General Location of Continental Oil Company 75
12 Aerial View of Baltimore, Maryland, Harbor Showing General
Location of Mutual Chrome, Allied Chemical Company Plant 92
13 Aerial View of Baltimore, Maryland, Harbor Showing
General Location of Procter & Gamble, National Molasses,
and Uniroyal Plants 101
14 Aerial View of Procter & Gamble Plant, Baltimore, Maryland 102
15 Area of Survey Conducted in Suisun Bay-Delta, California 108
Vll
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure No. Page
16 General Layout of California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining
Corporation Properties, Crockett, California 113
17 General Layout of Johns-Manville Products Corporation Plant,
Pittsburg, California 116
18 Aerial View of Suisun Bay-Delta Area Showing General
Location of Monsanto Company Plant, Avon, California 118
19 Aerial View of Suisun Bay-Delta Showing General Location
of Shell Oil Company Plant, Martinez, California 121
20 Aerial View of Suisun Bay-Delta Area Showing General
Location of Dow Chemical Company Plant, Pittsburg,
California 131
21 Aerial View of American Smelting and Refining Company,
Set by, California 134
22 Land Vfew of Industrial Chemical Division of Allied Chemical
Corporation, Nichols, Cafifornia 136
23 Water View of Industrial Chemical Division of Allied Chemical
Corporation, Nichols, California 137
24 Aerial View of Union Carbide Corporation, South Charleston,
West Virginia 152
25 Aerial View of Union Carbide Corporation, Institute,
West Virginia 158
26 Aerial View of Monsanto Chemical Company (left) and
FMC Corporation Organics Plant (center), Nitro,
West Virginia 171
27 Aerial View of DuPont Plant, Belle, West Virginia 183
vm
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Page
1 Chemical Flow Through Texas City Terminal Railway
Company Marine and Railroad Terminal - 1969 24
2 GAP Corporation Bulk Storage Facilities 29
3 GAF Corporation Bulk Storage Facilities 30
4 Hazardous Material Listing of Monsanto Company,
Texas City 37
5 Chemicals and Plastics in use at Union Carbide Corpo-
ration Plant, Texas City 42
6 Storage Capacities for Chemical Compounds Handled at
American Oil Company 47
7 Hazardous Chemicals, Storage Capacities, and Transfer
Rates at the Amoco Chemicals Corporation, Texas City 56
8 Hazardous Chemicals Handled at Texas City Refining, Inc. 67
9 Reported Oil and Other Spill Incidents in San Francisco
Bay Region in 1968 110
10 Reported Oil and Other Spill Incidents in San Francisco
Bay Region in 1969 111
11 Partial Listing of Spills into the Kanawha River in the
Charleston Area - 1965-1970 147
12 Hazardous Material Storage at Union Carbide Corporation,
Institute and South Charleston, West Virginia 161
13 Hazardous Material Storage at FMC Corporation, Inorganic
Chemicals Division, South Charleston, West Virginia 168
14 FMC Hazardous Material Storage at FMC Corporation,
Organic Chemicals Division, Nitro, West Virginia 172
15 Hazardous Material Storage at Monsanto Chemical Company,
Nitro, West Virginia 180
16 Hazardous Material Storage at E.I. du Pont, Belle,
West Virginia 182
IX
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I. SUMMARY
A. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY
The Office of Oil and Hazardous Materials. Federal Water Quality Adminis-
tration, retained Arthur D. Little. Inc.. to develop an inventory* of major trans-
port, transfer, and storage facilities for hazardous polluting substances** at four
geographical locations in the United States.
1. Texas City, Texas,
2. Baltimore, Maryland,
3. Charleston. West Virginia, and
4. Various locations on the shorelines of San Pablo Bay and
Suisun Bay, California;
From these inventories strategic facilities at each geographical location were
selected to be surveyed. The plants were chosen with the assistance of the various
regional offices of the Federal Water Quality Administration, and with the
assistance of the various state agencies responsible for the water quality of
state-owned and/or- controlled waters. In choosing survey sites, care was given to
selecting plants that exposed as full a range of chemicals as possible, and to
gaining access to a representative cross section of the chemical industry.
The study was designed to investigate the "prevention" of hazardous mate-
rial spills, and to determine methods that would prevent such spills from entering
a public water course, thus rendering such bodies of water temporarily or
permanently useless, or degrading the natural environment of the area.
B. FINDINGS
It was found that the standards of the American Petroleum Institute were
closely followed when oil, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas. and
petroleum were stored or processed. On this basis, standards for the storage of
petroleum products have been established and adopted at most plant locations.
Storage tanks, retention dikes, and spill-control procedures showed little variation
at any of the geographical locations. The same cannot be said for the transporta-
tion, transfer, storage, and processing of hazardous polluting substances. Although
some of the larger companies have established in-house standards, and a few
municipal and state regulations to control fire hazards are in effect, there are no
*The inventory of major transport, transfer, and storage facilities for hazardous polluting
substances is presented in Appendix A.
**The FWQA definition of hazardous polluting substances is given in Appendix B.
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uniform industry-wide standards in the United States for storage tank construc-
tion, secondary means of spill containment, or pipeline and hose positioning and
testing. Design and protective measures vary considerably at each plant location.
With few exceptions, the plants visited appeared to be making a concerted
effort to prevent spills, for reasons of pollution control, to prevent loss of
product, and to maintain good public/customer relations. Considerable sums of
money have been spent for waste-water treatment for continuous-flow discharges
in an effort to meet the water quality standards established by the various state
agencies, and there is a continuing effort to improve many of these waste-water
treatment procedures. The present trend appears to be toward the development of
recycling effluent systems in which no waste-water discharges leave plant property
and enter a public waterway.
Present production and process methods throughout the United States create
a great demand for copious quantities of water. One of the plants visited had a
13,000,000 gallon-per-day (gpd) waste-water discharge rate. The cost of pro-
ducing, handling, and treating this water represents a heavy financial burden to
this firm. Consequently, almost any process or production modification that would
reduce the water demand and handling and treating costs would be well received.
Obviously spills of major proportions would result in an increase in the waste
treatment load and could not be contained for any length of time by many of the
plant properties. Another problem in handling and treating waste water is created
by the extensive land acreage needed to accommodate the various treatment
impoundments. Many of the plant photographs included in this report show that
the waste-water acreage frequently exceeds the acreage needed for production
purposes. At some locations private organizations are providing a service for .
handling waste oil and spent chemicals. These concerns collect the waste material,
remove the solids, and later discharge the treated water into any convenient water
course or into deep injection wells. One concern sprays the waste material onto
the earth in a remotely located dump site, and then tills the material into the
ground using mechanized construction equipment. The results of this disposal
method can be best assessed following a series of rainy seasons normal to the
State of California.
At other locations "satellite" chemical companies have established them-
selves adjacent to large chemical processing plants. Their spent chemical wastes
are pumped into the recovery plant where the chemicals are extracted and the
waste water discharged into an open water course. At least one plant has
established a system of deep ocean disposal in which the spent chemicals are
barged out to a deep-water, offshore disposal site. Such methods of disposal
warrant careful monitoring, however, because off the coast of New York, for
example, large schools of bluefish are attracted to the fringe of a spent acid
dump.
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Most of the plant management were cooperative with our investigators, and
we agreed to hold certain data on consumption and storage as "company con-
fidential."
C. SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS
As a result of the various plant surveys and the investigators' general
knowledge of chemical spill prevention, a series of recommendations have been
developed which, if adopted, should aid in the prevention of spills and in
effectively reducing chemical spill damage. These recommendations are covered in
detail in Chapter III and span the various phases of chemical handling from
receiving to final shipment.
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II. INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
The fire and explosion hazards connected with the handling of petroleum
products have resulted in rigid regulations for the effective containment of such
materials. Although an accidental spill of an oil-based material can be easily
detected on the surface of a waterbody, the same is not true for most chemical
products, which are either water-soluble, or being heavier than water, sink and
settle on the bottom of the water course. In many cases a chemical spill can be
more devastating to the natural ecology than an oil spill, resulting in extensive fish
kills (see introduction to appendixes).
Methods for treating, containing, or diluting chemical spills are not so
advanced as those currently in service, or under development, for the control of
oil spills. As a result the prevention of spills is of paramount importance.
Normally, the predominant causes of spills can be determined by an analysis of
conditions relating to previous spills; they can easily be classified by predomi-
nance and frequency, and the action needed to prevent repetition of spills can be
accurately determined. Unfortunately, records and data on past chemical spills are
not readily available at any of the usual sources - U.S. Coast Guard, Federal
Water Quality Administration, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, or the Water
Quality Control agencies of the various states. Most of the available information
on past spills record oil spills and slicks predominantly since, as previously stated,
they are more readily detected than the chemical spills.
It is known that many spills of hazardous polluting substances occur at
marine loading/unloading facilities due to defective flange connections, flexible
hose draining, and complete hose failure. Spills also occur at tank truck and tank
car loading/unloading facilities. Buried tanks and buried pipelines, being prone to
metal deterioration from corrosion and electrolytic actions, have further contrib-
uted to chemical spills following metal failure. Production processes have
"frothed" or "boiled" over to permit the uncontrolled escape of chemicals during
manufacture. The leaching action of rainwater on open stockpiles of materials,
stored at water-edge locations, has greatly added to water contamination. The
chemical discoloration of the waterbodies is very apparent around such storage
areas in wet weather during aerial and marine surveys. Bulk storage tanks have
been overfilled, water draw valves have been inadvertently left open, seams have
leaked, shell pinholes have developed, and in some spill cases, the contents of an
entire tank have been spilled upon tank rupture. At least one tank is known to
have suffered complete collapse.
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One of the primary objectives of the study of spill prevention techniques for
hazardous polluting substances was to observe industrial action being taken to
prevent and contain spills resulting from both mechanical and human failures. We
hope that the remedial action and precautions undertaken by some of the larger
chemical handling companies and their efforts to establish suitable spill control
standards and handling procedures will serve to alert industry nationwide to the
problems caused by the spilling of hazardous polluting substances.
B. MODE OF SURVEY
To initiate the various surveys, taken as part of this study, our study team
contacted plant managers directly — either by telephone or a preliminary visit —
to arrange a suitable date and time for the conduct of the survey. For national
organizations having one or more plants operating under a remotely located
headquarters it was frequently necessary to gain permission from the headquarters
to conduct the survey. Such permissions were generally gained through the local
plant management. During the meeting, the plant representatives were given a
letter of introduction from the Regional Office of the Federal Water Quality
Administration, which provided a concise description of the purpose and objec-
tives of the survey. Questions directed to the various investigators by plant
management served to elaborate on the contents of the letter.
During these meetings pertinent data were obtained on the following factors
(1) Chemicals used in products —
(a) mode of receiving and shipping,
(b) methods of transfer,
(c) bulk storage facilities — number of tanks and their
capacities, number of dikes, dike drainage, piping,
valving and pumps, and so forth,
(d) basic production process; curbing and/or trenching
for spill containment;
(2) Plant drainage, normal runoff, plant effluent, waste-water treatment,
final discharge and geography of discharge;
(3) Past spill experience and methods introduced to remedy spill cause;
(4) Details on spill containment and cleanup plans in the event of a spill.
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Once out in the plant the following locations were visited to determine
physical conditions in each area:
(1) Marine loading/unloading area,
(2) Pipelines from dock to storage area,
(3) Bulk storage facilities (tank farm),
(4) Tank car unloading rack,
(5) Tank truck unloading rack,
(6) Production area,
(7) Effluent treatment impoundments and final discharge,
(8) Central control station (if any), and
(9) Site of any past spills (if any) of sizeable proportion.
Security measures at each location were carefully noted.
In Texas most surveys were made jointly with a representative of the Texas
Water Quality Control Board Regional Office in LaPorte, Texas.
For the convenience of the reader, a glossary of terms and abbreviations has
been prepared to define uncommon words and abbreviations.
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
Terms
Boiler Slowdown Water
Water drained from the lowermost section of a boiler
for the removal of precipitated/accumulated solids
(such water is generally contaminated by chemicals
used to control scale buildup within the water and
steam section of a boiler)
Boom
a floating structure that can be positioned to enclose
and contain a floating spill of oil or hazardous mate-
rial
Crossed-Spring Lines
Fail-Safe
a line leading from the forward part of a marine vessel
aft to the pier, and a line leading from the aft part of
a vessel forward to the pier; such lines prevent surge
by restraining the vessel from moving ahead or astern
while moored alongside a pier
a mechanical and/or electrical device designed to
counteract automatically the effect of an anticipated
source of failure
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Gager
'Panic Pond"
Parapet
Pickling Liquid
Standoffs
Treated Water
Abbreviations
API
BOD
DOT
gpd
ICC
MCA
mgd
MWP
an individual assigned to the task of monitoring the
liquid level in a bulk storage tank
a large emergency pit or pond to which effluent
discharges can be diverted in the event of a spill
a raised curbing around a production area installed to
confine spill resulting from product "froth" or "boil-
over"
sulfuric acid, caustic, and in some cases, muriatic acid
contained in large vats or tanks used to remove mill
scale from steel plates, pipes, etc., prior to painting
same
mechanical legs or arms attached to a floating boom
that will hold the boom off a ship, barge, or dock
against the action of the tide, wind, or current
plant process water that has been treated for the
removal of the bulk of chemical containments.
American Petroleum Institute
biological oxygen demand
Department of Transportation
gallons per day
Interstate Commerce Commission
Manufacturing Chemists Association
millions of gallons per day
maximum working pressure
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III. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
SPILLS OF HAZARDOUS POLLUTING SUBSTANCES
A. BASIS FOR RECOMMENDATIONS
In this chapter we present a series of recommendations which we believe
could be adopted to decrease the danger of spills of hazardous polluting sub-
stances with the resultant contamination of adjacent waterways. The recommen-
dations are. in large measure, prompted by our plant survey visits, our observa-
tions of the facilities, and discussions with operating personnel. We have written
these recommendations in light of our knowledge of operating problems in the
industries represented and have taken account of histories of past problems with
which we are familiar. Our intent is to present a working document which
indicates that some types of control are possible to prevent and contain effec-
tively spills of damaging proportions.
It is probable, however, that there are many specific spill problems which
were not observed during our surveys and are therefore not covered by specific
recommendations. It is also probable that there are alternative solutions to the
problems posed. We do not consider our recommendations as mandatory; they are
offered only as a guide toward spill prevention.
One topic not adequately investigated is the problem associated with the
diversity of types of materials handled. Physical properties and the type of
hazard have to be considered on a basis which takes this diversity into account.
A good approach for one material may be inadequate for another.
One major factor that can measureably aid in reducing human failure as a
prime cause of spills would be fuller use of fail-safe devices which we found to be
quite adequate in some plants and entirely lacking in others.
B. SPILL PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
HAZARDOUS POLLUTING SUBSTANCES
1. Spill Control
Recommendations for the spill control of hazardous polluting substances are
listed below:
a. Whenever acids are maintained in bulk storage, an adequate supply of
neutralizing material, such as caustic, lime, or shell, should be available
on the plant property. The neutralizing agent should be stored as
closely as practical to the acid storage area and in sufficient quantity to
neutralize the contents of the largest capacity of acid contained in any
one storage tank.
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b. A supply of personal protective safety equipment, such as rubberized
coveralls, rubber boots, safety goggles, gas masks, and rubber gloves
should be maintained for immediate use in a centralized spill control
location.
c. When lighter-than-water chemicals are handled and stored within the
plant, an adequate length of flotation spill-containment boom should
be available on the property, along with a suitable vessel, to position
the boom strategically and thus confine the spilled material.
d. Each handler, transporter, or storer of hazardous materials should
ascertain the chemical dispersants that have been approved by the state
authorities, and an adequate supply of approved chemicals should be
stored at the plant for the treatment of chemical spills.
2. Plant Drainage
The following recommendations relative to plant drainage are also made:
a. Drainage from diked, hazardous-material storage areas should be valve-
restrained to prevent a spill or other excessive leakage of a product into
the drainage discharge or in-plant effluent treatment system.
b. Valves used for the drainage of diked areas should, as far as practical, be
of manual, open-and-close design. The condition of the retained storm
water should be determined before drainage, especially if such drainage
of impounded waters goes into water courses and not into waste-water
treating plants.
c. All plant drainage systems, if possible, should flow into ponds, lagoons,
OT catchment basins designed to retain materials less dense than water.
Consideration should also be given to a possible chemical reaction, if
spilled chemicals are commingled.
d. If plant drainage is not engineered as above, the final discharge of all
in-plant drainage ditches should be equipped with a diversion system
that could, in the event of an uncontrolled spill, be returned to the
plant for treatment, the objective being to work toward a closed-cycle
system.
e. Where drainage waters are chemically treated in more than one treat-
ment unit, natural hydraulic flow should be used. If pump transfer is
needed, two "lift" pumps should be provided, and at least one of the
pumps should be permanently installed.
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3. Marine Unloading-Load ing
Relative to marine unloading/loading facilities, the following recommenda-
tions arc made:
a. On at least an annual basis, all flexible hoselines should be subjected to
hydrostatic testing. Inferior or discarded hoses should be removed from
the dock area. Consideration should also be given to using hose lines
with an outer strain relief braid or using metal-constructed, articulated-
joint transfer lines.
b. When conditions permit, all ships and barges loading or unloading
materials lighter than water should be effectively boomed in the area of
material transfer. When tide and current conditions warrant such pro-
tection, "stand-offs" should be used to gain the fullest containment
efficiency of the floating boom.
c. Transfer pumps and flange connections should not be positioned di-
rectly above the water. When practical, such facilities should be posi-
tioned on shore and be confined within a suitable containment curb
that will effectively contain material drips and spills.
d. All dock-mounted pumps and pipeline connections should have catch
trays positioned under the potential leak area, and such trays should be
emptied and cleaned following each material transfer.
e. Pressure-drop alarm and shut-off systems on the lines leading from the
ship or barge should be provided so that losses from a line break will be
held to a minimum.*
f. Adequate mooring lines forward and aft and crossed-spring lines should
be secured to all ships to ensure a minimum of movement during
loading-unloading operations.
g. As far as practical, wooden decked docks with gaps between decking
should be avoided as chemical spills can drip between the decking.
Preferably, full concrete or seawall-type marine loading-unloading facili-
ties should be used. Such dock areas should be equipped with perimeter
containment curbs complete with valve-type drains that can be opened
to discharge rainwater and be kept closed to contain spills.
*McDermott, G.N., "Industrial Spill Control and Pollution Incident Prevention" (Procter &
Gamble Company), 41st Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
September 1968.
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h. Access to and from ships or barges should be such that the crews of the
ships and/or barges have no occasion to pass in or around the loading/
unloading control area; fenced areas should guide persons safely away
from the loading-unloading facility.
i. All terminal flange connections on marine dock facilities should be
blanked or capped when not in service.
j. All pump controls on marine docks should be secured in the closed
position or electrically isolated when not in service.
k. The practice of loading or unloading a barge or ship when such a barge
or ship is tied outboard of another ship should be avoided. The fueling
or bunkering of a ship with the fueling barge tied outboard of the other
should be avoided. When practical, the fueling ship and the fueling
barge should be secured directly to the dock facility, using the marine
terminal onshore line connections to transfer fuel or hazardous pol-
luting substances.
1. A direct line of communication, separate from other in-plant or outside
telephone lines, should be provided between the marine loading/
unloading facility and the immediate tank farm area.
m. "Slop" tanks should be provided at all marine loading/unloading facili-
ties to safely contain the products of flexible hose line draining and,
when practical, to contain polluted bilge water discharged from visiting
ships and barges. Such tanks should be installed in a fire- and ex-
plosion-proof manner with adequate systems to prevent mixing of
dangerously incompatible materials.
n. For the prevention of spills during flexible hoseline connection and
disconnection, butterfly valves should be installed immediately adjacent
to the terminal flange connection. The valves will permit manual
opening and closing of the hoseline to retain products that cannot be
drained from the line after product transfer.
4. Tank Car and Tank Truck Loading/Unloading
The following recommendations are made relative to tank car and tank truck
loading/unloading procedures:
a. A system of containment curbs should be used for tank truck unloading
areas, using ramps to provide truck access into the confines of the
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containment curb.* The curb enclosure should be designed to hold at
least the maximum capacity of any single tank truck loaded or un-
loaded in the plant.
b. A trenching system should encompass each railroad tank car unloading
area. The trench should be designed to carry away any spill to a
catchment basin or holding pond, at least equal in capacity to the
capacity of the largest tank car loaded or unloaded in the plant.
c. As a fail-safe precaution, an interlocked warning light or physical
barrier system, or warning signs, should be provided in loading/
unloading areas to prevent vehicular departure before complete discon-
nect of flexible or fixed transfer lines.
d. Prior to filling and departure of any tank car or tank truck, the
lowermost drain and all outlets of such vehicles should be closely
examined for leakage, and if necessary, tightened, adjusted, or replaced
to prevent liquid leakage while in transit.
5. Bulk Storage Tanks
Relative to bulk storage tanks, the following recommendations are made:
a. No tank should be used for the storage of hazardous polluting sub-
stances, unless its material and construction are compatible with the
material stored.
b. All hazardous material bulk storage tank installations should be planned
so that a secondary means of containment is provided for the entire
contents of the largest single tank. Dikes, containment curbs, and pits
are commonly employed for this purpose, but they may not always be
appropriate. An alternative system would consist of a complete drainage
trench enclosure arranged so that the flow could terminate and be
safely confined in an in-plant catchment basin or holding pond. Drain-
age into a storm drain or an effluent discharge that empties into an
open water course, lake, or pond is acceptable, only after thorough
analysis of the material ensures compliance with applicable water qual-
ity standards.
c. Buried hazardous material storage tanks represent a potential for unde-
tected spills. A buried installation, when required, should be wrapped
and coated to retard corrosive action. In addition, the earth should be
'McDermott, G. N., op. cit.
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subjected to electrolytic testing to determine if the tank should be
further shielded by a cathodic protection system. Such buried tanks
should at least be subjected to regular hydrostatic testing. In lieu of the
above, arrangements should be made to expose the outer shell of the
tank for external examination at least every five years. A means of
conducting regular internal examinations of the tank at five-year inter-
vals should be provided (down-hole television, etc.).
d. Partially buried tanks for the storage of hazardous materials should be
avoided, unless the buried section of the shell is adequately coated,
since partial burial in damp earth can cause rapid corrosion of metallic
surfaces, especially at the earth/air interface.
e. Above-ground tanks, depending on design (floating roof, etc.), should
be subjected to integrity testing, either by hydrostatic testing, visual
inspection, or by a system of nondestructive shell thickness testing.
When the latter system of integrity testing is used, comparison records
of shell thickness reduction should be maintained.
f. The foundation and/or supports of all bulk storage tanks should be
subjected to at least annual examination by a person with the technical
competence to assess the condition of the foundation and/or supports.
g. To control hazardous material leakage through defective integral
heating coils, the following factors should be considered and applied:
(1) The past life span of internal steam coils should be
determined, and a regular system of maintenance and
replacement that does not exceed the anticipated life
span should be established.
(2) To reduce failure from corrosive action, prolong life,
and reduce replacement costs, the temperature and
environment have to be carefully considered when
selecting heating coil materials.
(3) The steam return or exhaust lines from integral
heating coils which discharge into an open-water
course should be monitored for contamination, or
passed through a settling tank, or skimmer, etc.
(4) The feasibility of installing an external heating system
should also be considered.
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h. Each hazardous material bulk storage tank should be externally ex-
amined at least once a month. Each inspection should include an
examination of seams, rivets, nozzle connections, valves, and pipelines
directly connected to the tank.
i. New and old tank installations should, as far as practical, be fail-safe
engineered or updated into a fail-safe engineered installation. Consider-
ation should be given to providing the following devices:
(1) High liquid-level bell or horn alarms with an audio
signal at a constantly manned operating or listening
station; in smaller plants an audible air vent may
suffice;
(2) Low liquid-level alarms with an audio signal at a
constantly manned operating or listening station;
such alarms should have a nonbypassing reset device
that can be readjusted to a given operating level
following tank fill or liquid removal;
(3) High liquid-level pump cutoff devices set to stop flow
at a predetermined tank-content level;
(4) Direct audible or code signal communication between
the tank gagerand the pumping station;
(5) At least one fast response system for determining the
liquid level of each bulk storage tank such as digital
computers, telepulse, or direct vision gages.
j. "Normal" plant effluent should be constantly monitored by a proven
monitoring system, and any deviation from normal should be engi-
neered to activate a visible readout recorder with an audible alarm that
can be heard at a constantly manned operating or listening station. If
practical, the monitoring device should be designed to operate a bypass
to release the effluent discharge into a "panic" or holding pond;
k. Visible product leaks from tank seams and rivets should be promptly
corrected.
1. Tanks should not be used with the knowledge that the "head" or "top"
is in a corroded-through condition. Action should be taken to drain
such tanks and repair the defective member as promptly as possible.
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m. When practical, each bulk storage tank should be lettered (code or
otherwise) or color-coded to indicate its chemical content, the MCA or
DOT coding being preferred, and the coding should duplicate those used
for chemical transportation identification.
n. The surveys revealed a number of cases (3) in which chemicals were
spilled due to failure of wooden stave-constructed tanks. Under the
circumstances, the use of wooden tanks should be confined to water
storage and should be avoided for liquid chemical storage.
6. Pump and In-Plant Process and Transfer Pipelines
Recommendations for pump and in-plant process and transfer pipelines are
as follows:
a. Each product pipeline should be clearly marked by lettering (coded or
otherwise), color banding, or complete color coding to indicate the
product transferred therein. The coding should conform with company
policy or standard plant practice which, in turn, should conform with
state or federal requirements.
b. Each hazardous material product-fill line which enters a tank below the
liquid level should have a one-way flow check valve located as closely as
possible to the bulk storage tank. In addition to confining the product
to the tank, in the event of valve or pipeline failure, the check valve
should permit overhaul of the main shut-off valve and should aid in
preventing shock loading of the pipeline and valves from a "slug" of the
tank content caused by backflow into an empty fill line. As far as
practical, the product flow in suction lines should be controlled by use
of a positive displacement pump.
c. Buried pipelines should be avoided. However, buried installations
should have a protective wrapping and coating and should be cathod-
ically protected if soil conditions warrant. A section of the line should
be exposed and inspected annually. This action should be recycled until
the entire line has been exposed and examined on a regularly estab-
lished frequency. An alternative would be the more frequent use of
exposable pipe corridors or galleries.
d. When a pipeline is not in service, the terminal connection at the transfer
point should be capped or blank-flanged.
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e. Wood to metal should be avoided as a pipeline support since it is apt to
retain moisture and cause pipeline corrosion which, when coupled with
the abrasive action caused by the pulsating action of the line, could
cause line failure with resulting leakage. Supports should be designed
with only a minimum point of surface contact that allow for the
pulsating movement (expansion and contraction) of the line (i.e.,
rollers).
f. All above-ground valves and pipelines should be subjected to a regular
monthly inspection at which time the general condition of items, such
as flange joints, valve glands and bodies, catch trays, pipeline supports,
locking of valves, and metal surfaces, should be assessed.
g. Elevated pipelines should be subjected to constant review to ensure that
the vehicular traffic granted plant entry does not exceed the lowermost
height of the elevated line; gate check-in and in-plant travel routes
warrant attention in this respect.
h. As far as practical, all hazardous material pumps should be located as
close as possible to the storage tank.
i. Flapper-type drain valves should not be used to drain diked areas. Such
drain valves should be of manual open and close design, and they
should be kept in the closed position when not in service. The drain
lines from diked areas should drain directly or indirectly into treatment
or holding tanks or ponds or catchment basins.
7. Security
Relative to security, the following recommendations are made:
a. All plants handling, processing, and storing hazardous materials should
be fully fenced, and entrance gates should be locked and/or guarded
when the plant is not in production or is unattended.
b. The master flow and drain valves and any other valves that will permit
direct outward flow of the tank's content should be securely locked in
the closed position when not in use.
c. The starter control on all hazardous material pumps should be secured
or electrically isolated in the "off" position when the pumps are in a
nonoperating status.
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d. The terminal loading/unloading connections of all hazardous material
product pipelines should be securely capped or blank-flanged when not
in service.
Note: This security practice should also apply to pipelines that are
emptied of liquid content either by draining or by inert gas pressure.
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IV. SURVEY SITE OBSERVATIONS
A. TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
Texas City is located on Galveston Bay, 15 miles north of Galveston Island
and 35 miles southeast of Houston, Texas. It has experienced a constant growth
in population, having increased from 5,749 recorded in the official census of 1940
to an estimated population high of 42,400 in 1969. The city is heavily indus-
trialized in the production of petroleum and chemical products.
1. Transportation
In addition to having a deep water port (36 feet) channel, the city is served
by the Texas City Terminal Railway Company, which has daily connections with
the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company, the Missouri-Kansas-Texas
Railway Company of Pacific Railroad, and the Fort Worth & Denver Railroad.
Central Freight lines, a motor freight carrier, has trucks and warehousing which
also services Texas City.
2. Drainage
Charles R. Haile Associates, Inc., Consulting Engineers, Texas City, reported
in 1968 that water drainage in a 2100-acre industrial area was generally poor.
These findings were later substantiated by Arthur D. Little, Inc., observations
during the period August 20, 1970 through September 3, 1970 and especially
during a moderate two-day rainfall of September 2-3, 1970.
The low coastal area has been prone to flooding during heavy rains, high
tides, and especially during storms of offshore origin. On July 27, 1943, the city
was exposed to a hurricane that resulted in gust wind forces of 104 mph and a
rainfall of 17.3 inches in 39 hours. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is in the
process of completing a 5-mile long levee/dike to protect the land area from
inundation. The city's greatest disaster occurred on April 16-17, 1947, when a
merchant ship's cargo of ammonium nitrate fertilizer caught fire and eventually
exploded, causing a second ship to explode, and complete devastation of the
commercial waterfront. The explosions killed 576 persons and effected property
damage in excess of $67 million. Some 4000 persons were also injured. The
industrial area suffered extensive damage from in-plant fires and explosions. The
extent of damage diminished with distance from the waterfront, but witnesses
reported "shrapnel" damage to oil and chemical bulk storage tanks as far as two
miles from "ground zero."
The water quality control problem in Texas City results from the fact that,
even though all plants in the area are making a serious effort to meet the state
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water quality standards, the continuous effluent discharges and most spills termi-
nate in the same water body. The situation is such that once in the public water
course the chemical discharges are cumulative. Tidal flushing is comparatively
minimal and could not carry the pollutants effectively out into the Gulf,
A hurricane situation with resulting heavy rains and flooding could also
overflow the waste water treatment ponds to create a "massive" spill.
Figure 1 depicts the area of the Texas City survey.
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Arthur D Little; !nc
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;
>
»
j V TERMINAL RY. CO. BARGE C^NAJ
FIGURE 1 AREA OF SURVEY-DRAINAGE PLAN FOR THE INDUSTRIAL AREA
OF TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
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Texas City Terminal Railway Company
East Galveston Highway
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Mr. K. L. DeMart, Auditor-Assistant Secretary
and Assistant to General Manager
Mr. D. M. Holbrook, Harbor Master
Date of Survey: August 24, 1970
Property Description
This company controls extensive waterfront acreage on the Texas City Ship
Channel. The channel connects the main dock area and a barge canal with
Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. The property also accommodates a
railroad marshalling yard. Since its establishment in 1893 the company has
provided railroad switching facilities and has managed the deep water port for the
various industries in and adjacent to Texas City. The terminal's drainage system
utilizes three outfalls, all ultimately emptying into Galveston Bay and San Jacinto
Bay, while one of the three first empties into the Terminal Barge Canal. The
normal effluent discharge averages 3,150gpd, which is classified as domestic
sewage and waste from a locomotive service pit. The latter passes through an
oil/water separator prior to discharge into the drainage ditches that cross the
property. Figures 1 and 2 provide an overall view of the land and waterfront area
controlled by the Texas City Terminal Railway Company.
Hazardous Chemicals
A total of 33,952,046 bbls. of chemicals were handled in and out of the
terminal during 1969. A complete breakdown of chemicals by name was not
available, since the practice of categorizing chemicals by name and quantity was
abandoned some years ago due to the numerous "trade names" that have
developed in recent years. During 1969 the transportation media were as follows:
Barges 6,664
Steam and Motor Ships 536
7,200 Marine Total
Box and Tank Cars 25,5 5 6
(in and out)
A generalized inventory of chemicals handled through the terminal in 1969 is
provided in Table 1.
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Photo Courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey
FIGURE 2 AERIAL VIEW OF TEXAS CITY SHOWING LOCATION OF TEXAS
CITY DOCKS, TERMINAL RAILWAY COMPANY, AND MONSANTO
COMPANY PLANTS
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TABLE 1
CHEMICAL FLOW THROUGH TEXAS CITY TERMINAL RAILWAY COMPANY
MARINE AND RAILROAD TERMINAL - 1969
Company
Union Carbide Corporation
Stauffer Chemical
Monsanto Company
Borden Chemical
Amoco Chemical
American Oil Company
Gulf Chemical
Fallen Chemical
American Mineral Spirits
Diamond Shamrock Corp.
Southern Towing
Chotin Trans. Company
Thomas Pet. Trans.
Jefferson Chemical
Houston Chemical
American Mineral
Texas Transport & Terminal
En jay Chemical Company
Shell Chemical
H.E. Schurig & Company
Hydrochloric
Acid
(bbls)
15,722.82
Chemicals
(bbls)
19,994,712.25
778,724,774
414,291.660
73,163,879
8,378,810
4,805,846
6,865,082
2,904,000
1,560,000
3,671,872
2,044,600
1,378,000
1,865,146
704,142
1,621,850
4,527,984
704,076
Sulfuric
Acid
(bbls)
78,229,000
Phosphatic
Fertilizer
Solution
(bbls)
8,720,400
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The "terminal" owns no bulk storage tanks, and the various pipelines that
cross the property are all owned and maintained by the various chemical plants in
the area.
Past Spill Experience
There is no record of a major chemical spill at this location. Some minor
spills have been experienced and fast cleanup has been exercised under the
supervision of the Harbor Master, who maintains a considerable length of floating
boom and a quantity of dispersal chemicals.
Spill Control Plan
The Harbor Master, a well trained and competent individual, has complete
control over spill prevention, containment, and cleanup on the terminal. In
addition, the Texas City Terminal Railway Company is actively involved in the
Texas City Mutual Aid Plan. Even though this plan is engineered toward the
control of fire- and explosion-type disasters, it could be utilized to combat a
major spill of oil or hazardous chemicals. The Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid
Manual (dated April 1964, revised August 1965) is reproduced as Appendix C.
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GAP Corporation
P.O. Box 2141, Hwy. 146W
Texas City
Contact: Mr. F. E. Wetherill, Plant Manager
Date of Survey: August 25, 1970
Property Description
This is a comparatively new plant (1967) that produces various chemicals
and polymers from high-pressure acetylene chemistry. Ultimate products are given
as follows:
1,4-butanediol
Butanediol
Butyrolacetone
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone - vinyl acetate copolymers
2-pyrrolidone
Vinyl pyrrolidone
The plant is situated well north of Texas City in open land quite clear from urban
or other industrial development. Figure 3 provides a schematic view of the plant
property. The plant effluent drainage discharge is monitored as 380,000 gpd; the
material drains through an open trench into Moses Bayou, Moses Lake, Dollar
Bay, and finally into Galveston Bay and San Jacinto Bay.
In-plant effluent treatment consists of an oil skimmer, and two neutralizing
ponds (a 3-day capacity holding basin, plus a 7-day emergency, or impounding,
pond) that can be used for in-plant confinement of a chemical spill. Additional
facilities include a deep-sea disposal system whereby barges are used to transport
50,000 tpy* of waste chemicals (1400 tons per barge trip) into a deep-water
disposal area (400 fathoms) 125 miles offshore into the Gulf of Mexico. Offshore
waste disposal averages 1 to 3 barge loads a week with each barge transporting
400,000 gallons of spent material. The waste consists of a by-product of
herbicide rated as: 2,5-dichloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid, sodium salt, 9% sodium sul-
fate, 5%; and water 86%.
The plant also utilizes a deep injection well for waste disposal. Plant officials
believe that they can effectively confine any major chemical spill to the in-plant
waste treatment facilities.
*Tons per year
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to
--J
a@OO Sub Station
Paraeymene
Well Water
I I Cooling Tower
FIGURE 3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF GAP CORPORATION PROPERTY, TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
-------
Hazardous Materials
The plant's annual consumption is company confidential; however, bulk
storage capacities for all chemicals are given in Tables 2 and 3.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
All tanks and pipelines were new in 1967. There is a regular maintenance
schedule of internal examination and nondestructive shell thickness testing, and
all tanks exceeding 15 psi MWP are subjected to hydrostatic testing. Production
tanks and tanks likely to overfill and overflow have curb enclosures for spill
containment. All pipelines are above-ground and hazardous materials are color-
coded. Two small gasoline storage tanks and one 500-gal. diesel oil storage tank
are buried installations. The tanks have protective coatings and cathodic protec-
tion. The plant has no bulk storage of solid materials. Most chemical materials are
received and shipped by tank cars and tank wagons of common carriers.
Past Spill Experience
During the spring of 1970 there was a spill of 1000 gallons of nitrating acid,
i.e., a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The spill, caused by a flexible hose
line breaking, was effectively confined within the in-plant drainage ditches and
holding ponds.
Spill Control Plan
The plant operates on a 7-day week, 24-hour day basis with a minimum of
two supervisors on duty. Each supervisor has complete jurisdiction over spill
control, containment, and clean-up. There is a special plan in effect to control
chlorine spills, and chlorine gas masks are carried in the chlorine tank car storage
area at all times. The plant is an active member of the Texas City Industrial
Mutual Aid Plan (Appendix C).
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TABLE 2
GAP CORPORATION BULK STORAGE FACILITIES
Acetylene Chemicals
1.4-butynediol-35%
Propargyl alcohol - 100%
1,4-butanediol-35%
1,4-butanediol - 100%
7-butyrolactone - 100%
2-pyrrolidone - 100%
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone - 100%
N-vinyl-pyrrolidone - 80/100%
Polymer and copolymer solutions
Formaldehyde - 30%
Anhydrous ammonia
Vinyl acetate
Ethanol
Propane
n-butanol
p-cymene
Assorted organic waste mixture
Storage Capacity
(gals.)
560,000
30,000
230,000
200,000
60,000
90,000
100,000
34,500
15,000
400,000
30,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
5,000
30,000
Total
1,844,500
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TABLE 3
GAP CORPORATION BULK STORAGE FACILITIES
Herbicide Chemicals
Storage Capacity
(gals.)
Benzoyl chloride 50,000
Dichlor benzoyI chloride 140,000
Sulfuric acid - 94% 65,000
Sutfuric acid - 50% 100,000
Hydrochloric acid - 32% 100,000
Mixed nitric/su If uric acid 50,000
Caustic soda - 50% 65,000
Dichlorbenzoic acid 10,000
Dinitrochlorbenzoic acid 35,000
Amiben (chloramben) 180,000
Note: In addition, varying quantities of liquid chlorine are stored in railroad tank cars on a
remotely located sidetrack.
Propane 15,000
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Gulf Chemical & Metallurgical Corporation
Hwy. FM519
Texas City
Contacts: Mr. E. B. King, President
Mr. R. C. Barr, Executive Vice President
Date of Survey: August 25,1970
Property Description:
This is an electrolytic tin refining plant (Figure 4) originally built by the U.S.
Government in 1941 to meet the demand for tin during World War II. The
refinery had a number of operators and owners until acquired by the present
owners in 1968. The original tin processing methods have changed over the years,
and many of the original production buildings are now derelict and in an
advanced state of decay. The operational buildings, however, appear well main-
tained. The plant produces 400 long tons of tin in ingot form each month. For
the past five years the smelter has been processing low grade Bolivian tin
concentrates and some domestic secondary tin residues.
A recent plant report indicates that for the monthly production of 400 long
tons of tin, the plant consumed in all departments, excluding the electrolytic
section, the following amounts of reagents:
Coal (79.4% fixed carbon)
Limestone (53.5% CaO)
Machine shop turnings
Natural gas (1000 Btu/MCF)
Water (from wells)
Power
Hydrochloric acid (20°Be)
Sulfur
Flake sodium hydroxide
Aluminum ingots
Sawdust chips
Sodium carbonate
328.1 short tons
104.9 short tons
26.3 short tons
47.814MCF
21.75 million gals.
630,430 kwh
1330 short tons
200 Ibs
600 Ibs
550 Ibs
150 Ibs
35,500 Ibs
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The plant water drainage system entails three open-ditch outlets that flow into
Swan Lake and thence into Galveston Bay. Flow rates are rated as follows:
Outfall Average Rates Maximum Rate
(gpm*)
1 75 150
2 45 90
3 60 120
The discharge involves waste solution from the tin leaching process. The waste-
water treatment section of the plant has an area of 70 acres which includes
settling and flocculation processes for solid removal, neutralization of acids, and
discharge to further settling and evaporation ponds following which the clear,
neutralized water can be drained through an open ditch system into Swan Lake
(Figure 1).
Hazardous Chemicals
1. Hydrochloric acid - 50,000 tpy, 500,000-gal. bulk stor-
age capacity; received by marine barge and tank truck;
2. Liquid caustic sodium hydroxide — 10,000 gpm**,
10,000-gal. bulk storage capacity; trucked into plant
3. Liquid ammonium chloride - 10,000 gpm**, 20,000-gal.
bulk storage capacity; trucked into plant;
4. Liquid sodium hydrosulfide — 20,000 gpy, 6000-gal. bulk
storage capacity; trucked into plant;
5. Ferric chloride - manufactured within the plant to meet
production needs; 20,000-gal. bulk storage capacity.
6. Dry soda ash — 50-ton bulk storage capacity tank, trucked
into plant, air unloaded;
7, Limestone (crushed oyster shell) — received by rail and
truck; 2 to 3 tons on hand at all times;
"gallons per minute
''gallons per month
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Arthur DLittklnc
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8. Rock sulfur - 10-ton open storage;
9. Calcium chloride — two 15,000-gal. storage tanks; con-
sumption varying to a maximum of 30,000 gpm.*
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant tanks are old, and following a recent tank failure, a system of
annual hydrostatic testing was introduced. Major storage tanks were hydro-
statically tested during August 1970, and four tanks have been subjected to
extensive repair. All tanks and pipelines (except those passing through retaining
walls) are above-ground, exposed installations.
Past Spill Experience
The plant had a 55,000-gal. spill of hydrochloric acid in July 1970. The spill,
which resulted from the failure of a bulk storage tank, was drained into the
in-plant settling and treatment ponds. The plant management claims that none of
the acid escaped into the water course.
The Texas Water Quality Board claims that effluent samples from this plant
contain excessive quantities of iron. The samples were recovered from a commu-
nal drainage ditch, but the smelting plant emphatically denies being the source of
the iron pollutant.
Spill Control Plan
On the basis of the plant's claimed ability to confine all spills safely to the
in-plant treating area, spill control is left to departmental supervisors, who can
gain top management assistance when warranted. The plant is an active member
of the Texas City Industrial Aid Program.
gallons per month
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Photo Courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey
FIGURE 4 AERIAL VIEW OF GULF CHEMICAL AND METALLURGICAL CORPORATION, TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
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Monsanto Company
201 Bay Street S.
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Mr. R. V. Butz, Plant Manager
Mr. E. Hendricks, Manager, Environmental Control
Date of Survey: August 27,1970
Property Description:
Monsanto began operations in Texas City in 1943. The concern produces
numerous chemicals, plastics, and petrochemical products for varied industries;
however, the final products are reported to be:
• Styrene monomer,
• Methanol,
• Acetic acid,
• Ethylbenzene, and
• Phthalate esters.
The plant (Figure 2) is in the process of constructing a new 45-foot channel
and ship/barge facility that is probably one of the most modern and automated in
the nation. The new marine facility has 15 line connections, a parapet to contain
spills, nitrogen-cleared hoses and lines, a remotely controlled hose-handling sys-
tem, direct telephone communication with all tank gagers, and an elaborate
"slop" tank system for line draining.
Most of Monsanto's drainage now passes into a disposal pit for non-toxic
sludges, principally CaSO4 (gypsum), calcium formate, and untreated lime. All
material is recovered from the pit and returned to the plant for further treatment.
The pit is located on a 12-acre tract, 0.5 mile south of Swan Lake. The solid
effluent is rated at 150 tpd, and since this newly established treatment system has
been installed, there is no effluent discharge.
Hazardous Materials
The plant receives and ships materials by train and tank truck; however, 75%
of the materials are moved in and out through the plant's ship and barge docks.
Table 4 lists the chemicals handled and provides information on marine ship-
ments. Bulk storage capacities, chemical production and consumption, photos and
schematic plans of the plant are considered to be company confidential informa-
tion and are not available for outside publication.
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipeline
All storage tanks are above-ground installations with diking adequate to
contain the entire capacity of each tank. Tank pits and diked areas have valve-
controlled drainage lines to permit removal of uncontaminated rainfall collec-
tions. The tanks are equipped with remote, liquid-level recorders that indicate
tank levels in a control room 24 hours a day. Non-destructive thickness testing
(audiogage)* of tank tap and shells is done on a recycling six-month basis.
Flammable tanks are blanketed with nitrogen, and high-liquid level alarms are
mounted on "critical" tanks, chlorine, and so forth.
Pipelines are 90% exposed above ground, and a system of cathodic protec-
tion with isolated flanges for buried lines has been introduced over the past
10 years.
Past Spill Experience
The State and the U.S. Coast Guard have no record of past spills involving
hazardous materials at Monsanto, and the plant has no record of any significant
spills from loading-unloading operations.
Spill Control Plan
Numerous precautions are taken to prevent and minimize spills at Monsanto.
Perhaps the most important is that all loading-unloading operations are never left
unattended. Material handlers can shut down pumps remotely in emergencies.
Flexible hoses are hydrostatically tested at higher pressures and more frequently
than Coast Guard requirements (Monsanto 3 X MWP and USCG 1H X MWP).
The plant spill procedure specifies that a spill alarm be sounded, along with a
location code, whenever a spill (gas or liquid) occurs. A trained emergency crew
can be at the spill location within minutes.
The plant is an active participant in the Texas City Mutual Aid Plan
(Appendix C) and has joined forces with other industries in the plan for handling
any large spills that may occur in the harbor. Two sections (2000 to 2500-foot
total) of a Slickbar boom are available to contain spills of floating (insoluble)
materials. Most of the plant's chemicals are highly water-soluble, which makes
containment or recovery impossible once such material has spilled into a water
course.
'A proven and much used method of determining the thickness of metal, such as, especially,
the shells of bulk storage tanks. The tank need not be empty to conduct this type of thickness
test.
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TABLE 4
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LISTING OF
MONSANTO COMPANY, TEXAS CITY
Raw and Terminated Materials
Shipment Mode
Tanker Barge
Estimated Percent
Moved by Water
Benzene
Condensate Oil
Orthoxylene
Olefins
Caustic Soda
Acrylonitrile
Vinyl Acetate
Naphthalene
Butanol
Alkylbenzene
Products
Styrene monomers
Methanol
Acetic acid
Ethylbenzene
Phthalate esters
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
100
100
100
100
95
100
80-90
100
100
100
80-90
—
60
100
50
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Union Carbide Corporation
Chemicals and Plastics
P.O. Box 471
Texas City
Contacts: Mr. J. F. Erdmann, Environmental Control Coordinator
for Texas Plants
Mr. A. R. Pettyjohn, Environmental Control Specialist
Date of Survey: August 28, 1970
Property Description:
This is an extensive petrochemical manufacturing plant that commenced
operations in Texas City in 1941. It immediately adjoins the American Oil Co.
and the Borden Co. plants and parallels State Hwy. 146 for a distance of about
7500 feet. In-plant treatment of effluent and plant drainage facilities are as
follows:
Outfall 1 — This outlet discharges into a drainage ditch near the mid
point of the east boundary of the plant; it then discharges into a
communal drainage ditch on the Texas City Terminal R. R. Co. prop-
erty. The final discharge is into Galveston Bay and the San Jacinto
River Basin.
Outfalls 2, 4, and 5 - These outlets discharge from the NW corner of
the plant into Moses Lake, Galveston Bay, and the San Jacinto River
Basin.
Outfall 3 — This outlet discharges into Swan Lake, Galveston Bay, and
the San Jacinto River Basin.
Outfalls 6-13 inclusive - These outfalls discharge into the Texas City
Terminal R. R. Co. Barge Canal, Galveston Bay, and the San Jacinto
River Basin.
Outfall 14 - This outfall discharges into Galveston Bay and the San
Jacinto River Basin.
Each drainage ditch is equipped with an effective oil skimmer trap. The plant
does have extensive in-plant effluent treating ponds, and two new federally
sponsored 50 by 100 feet, 6 and 12 feet deep, experimental anaerobic treatment
tanks, of concrete construction, are currently being built. Figure 5 provides an
overview of the anaerobic treatment tanks while in the course of construction,
38
Arthur D Little; Inc
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,
c
I
D
[T
i/ ANAEROBIC WASTE-WATER
TREATMENT FACILITY
Photo Courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey
FIGURE 5 AERIAL VIEW OF UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION WASTE-WATER TREATMENT
PONDS SHOWING NEW ANAEROBIC TREATMENT PONDS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
IN FOREGROUND, TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
-------
along with some of the original ponds used to treat and neutralize plant effluent
prior to discharge into the plant outfalls. Figure 6 provides a complete overview
of the entire plant and adjacent roads and properties.
Hazardous Chemicals
Bulk storage capacities and figures on chemical consumption are considered
company confidential. The plant did, however, provide a listing of 98 chemicals
transported, stored and processed, along with transportation methods used to
receive and ship the various chemicals (Table 5).
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
All bulk storage tanks are fully diked. The dikes are mostly clay-constructed
with a compacted oyster shell surface. Concrete-constructed dikes have been
installed in "restricted" areas. Diked enclosures are drained through a gated
valve-type drain located outside of the diked area. The drainage from the diked
area passes into the plant's internal drainage ditches and thence into the in-plant
effluent treatment ponds.
To prevent spills, precautions are taken to see that the transferred material
never exceeds the receiving tank capacity. A number of liquid-level controls have
been installed, but are no longer calibrated; the plant feels that too much reliance
can be placed on these fail-safe devices. However, this is an educational factor that
can be corrected by strict supervision and good preventive maintenance proce-
dures. Remote, centrally located, fill-level indicators are installed on major tanks;
however, physical gaging is also used during a fill procedure — some tanks do have
high liquid-level-actuated audible alarms. Some high liquid-level pump cut-off
controls are provided; however, the facility is not overall or extensive due to
remote location of many tanks and pumps which, in some cases, would require
extensive electrical installations between the tanks and the pumps.
Check valves are provided on fill lines at the pumps within diked areas;
however, no check valves are evident immediately before or after the master fill
valve. Excess flow and checks are used on all liquefied petroleum and liquefied
natural gas tanks. There are no buried storage tanks.
Tank and pipeline integrity tests are conducted on an "experience schedule"
basis. This includes hydrostatic and non-destructive thickness testing (reflecto-
scope and dye tests). The testing has proven to be most adequate, according to
plant personnel. All tanks are coded to indicate health, fire, and reactivity
hazards. This is done by a company coding system that features the use of symbols
to indicate the chemical hazard of the tank contents.
40
Arthur D Little Inc
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rt>
FIGURE 6 AERIAL VtEW OF COMPLETE UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION FACILITY.
TEXAS CITY, TEXAS, SHOWING ADJACENT ROADS AND PROPERTIES
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TABLE 5
CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS IN USE AT UNION CARBIDE
CORPORATION PLANT, TEXAS CITY
Chemicals Handled and Methods of Bulk Transportation
Material
1. Acetaldehyde
2. Acetic acid
3. Acetic anhydride
4. Acetone
5. Acrylate esters
(ethyl, butyl, ethyl hexyl)
6. Aminoethyl ethanolamine (crude)
7. Aminoethyl piperazine
8. Ammonia
9. Amyl acetate (primary)
10. Amyl alcohols (primary)
11. Benzene
12. Butanol
13. Isobutanol
14. Butyl acetate
15. Isobutyl acetate
16. Butylene oxide
17. Carbitol
18. Cellosolve
19. Methyl cellosolve
20. Butyl cellosolve
21. Cellosolve acetate
22. Chlorine
23. Crotonaldehyde (crude)
24. Cumene
25. Diacetone alcohol
26. Diethyl ether (crude)
27. Diethyl sulfate
28. Di-isobutyl carbinol
29. Di-isobutyl ketone
30. Di-isopropanolamine
31. Dimethyl ether
32. Dripolene
33. Ethanol
34. Ethanolamine, mono-, di-, tri-
35. Ethyl acetate
36. Ethyl benzene
37. 2-Ethyl hexanol
38. Ethylene
39. Ethylene diamine, di-, tri-f and
tetra-amines
40. Ethylene dichloride
41. Ethylene glycol.di-, tri-, and
tetra-gtycols
42. Ethylene oxide
43. Flexol plasticizers
(OOP, DIOP, EPO, JPO, A-26, 3GH)
44. Formic acid
45. Glutaraldehyde
46. Hexylene glycol
47. Isobutyraldehyde
48. Isooctaldehyde
Transport Method*
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
pipeline
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
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TABLE 5 (Continued)
Material
49. Isodecaldehyde
50. n-butyraldehyde
51. Isooctanol
52. Isodecanol
53. Isophorone
54. Isopropanolamine
55. Isopropyl acetate
56. Linear alcohols
57. Liquified petroleum gases
(propylene, butadiene, propane,
butane)
58. Methanol
59. Methyl acetone
60. Methyl amyl alcohol
61. Methyl amyl acetate
62. Methyl butanol
63. Methyl butyraldehyde
64. Methyl ethyl ketone
65. Methyl isobutyl ketone
66. Methyl isoamyl ketone
67. Naphtha
68. Niaz polyols
(14-46,16-46,31-45)
69. Nitrogen
70. Oxygen
71. Nonane, nonene
72. Normal paraffins
73. Kerosene
74. n-pentanol
75. Phenol
76. Phenolic resin solutions
77. Vinyl resin solutions
78. Piperazine
79. Polymine "H"
80. "Prestone" anti-freeze
81. n-propanol
82. Isopropanol
83. Propionaldehyde
84. n-propyl acetate
85. Propylene diamine, dipropylene triamine
86. Propylene dichloride
87. Propyleneglycol
88. Propylene oxide
89. Styrene
90. Sulfuric acid
91. Toluene
92. Tridecanol
93. Ucar latexes (130, 131, 180, 360)
94. Valeraldehyde
95. Vinyl acetate
96. Vinyl chloride
97. Vinyl resins
98. Polyethylene resins
*Key to abbreviations: TT = tank truck
TC = tank car
Transport Method*
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
TT
Bulk van
rail, and
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
pipeline
pipeline
TC
TCQ
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Boxes by truck,
ship
B = barge
S = ship or tankers
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Arthur D Little, Inc
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Buried pipelines are extensive; they are protectively coated and wrapped,
with most lines having cathodic protection. Pipeline sections are double-jacketed
at roadways, railroad crossings, ditches, and in heavily traveled areas, and all the
casings are vented at both ends.
Past Spill Experience
The plant experienced a barge collision in the intercoastal canal in
June 1970. A barge carrying refined kerosene was hit on the starboard quarter,
which was entirely cut off by the impact. A resulting spark caused a fire, the heat
of which welded both barges together. The kerosene barge was leaking when
brought into the plant property where the cargo was pumped into the plant's
waste disposal system. A spill involving 42,000 gallons of ethanol occurred over a
36-hour period following plant start-up on January 1, 1970.* Another chemical
spill was reported January 5, 1970, when 20 to 25 gallons of acetone were
drained from a flexible hose without using a drip pan.*
Spill Control Plan
All production units (about 60) are autonomous, having individual spill
control plans which are specifically outlined in an operating manual. It is not
practical to boom or confine a chemical spill at marine unloading areas since all
chemicals handled within the plant are water-soluble. The plant concentrates on
spill prevention and prompt removal of lighter-than-water chemical spills. A new
waste-treatment clarification plant is on the drawing board to replace the existing
25-year old facility. Construction permits have been applied for and a new $6
million facility has been proposed.
*State Water Quality Control Board, Austin.
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American Oil Company
2401-5th Avenue, South
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Mr. R. E. Dickey, Manager
Oil Movements & Marine Division
Date of Survey: September 1, 1970
Property Description
The American Oil Company facility is considered to be one of the largest
refineries in the nation. Its output averages 245,000 bbls of crude oil per day. The
plant is surrounded on three sides by the properties of Marathon Oil, Union
Carbide, Borden Chemical, and Amoco Chemical. The marine loading/unloading
facility is located on the Texas City Barge Canal. The plant drainage terminates in
Galveston Bay and the San Jacinto River Basin. One outlet crosses State High-
way 341, at the southern end of the plant property, and then joins a communal
drainage trench (Union Carbide, Amoco) that crosses the Texas City Railroad
property to terminate just south of the Barge Canal. The plant discharges between
13 and 14 million gallons of effluent daily. A new sludge pit — 50 by 100 by 10
feet — was recently installed in the plant, and in-plant drains pass through holding
boxes and separator ponds prior to discharge. Another outlet handles three
discharges of domestic sewage at an average of 100 to 300 gpd.
Hazardous Materials
A complete listing of chemicals handled at American Oil is given in Table 6;
however, major shipments are handled in the following manner.
Sulfuric acid (98%) is received by barges which are unloaded at the Texas
City Barge Canal. The material is then pipelined in overhead lines to storage tanks
where it is eventually used for the alkylation units. About 98% of the spent acid is
recycled back into the system and the remainder, 90% diluted with hydrocarbons
and water, is returned into the marine barges.
Caustic (50%) is received in a similar manner for use at the plant's No. 1
alkylation unit and the No. 1 cracking unit. In some cases, it is diluted to 10%
strength before using.
Ammonia is stored at -28°F and the entire production is supplied to the
export or domestic market. The material is shipped by all modes of transportation
- ship, barge, rail, and truck. The maximum storage capacity is 45,000 tons and
the plant produces 2000 tons in a daily 24-hour operation. The plant stores
45
Arthur D Little Inc
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miscellaneous treating chemicals, such as commercial scale removers, lime for
water softening and others.
Chrome, zinc, and phosphate are used within the cooling towers and hydro-
chloric acid is used for deionizing water. Other chemicals include drummed
inhibitors, liquid dyes, and furnace oil additives. Methanol is received by rail,
25,000 gallons being stored as a gasoline additive.
Cresylic acids, extracted from gas and oil, are stored in up to six railroad
tank cars for shipment to Merichem in Houston. Aluminum chloride is stored in
bulk quantity in dry storage. Benzene is manufactured, stored, used, and shipped.
Toluene is produced for gasoline blending. Xylene is produced and transferred to
the nearby subsidiary, Amoco Chemical. Sodium chloride brine is produced from
Texas brine for regenerating zeolites; about two to three tank car loads are
consumed annually. Tetra-ethyl lead is also stored and used in the plant produc-
tion process. Chlorine is used for algae control in the plant cooling towers.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
All tanks receive regular non-destructive shell thickness tests, and the
majority of plant pipelines are installed in an exposed position. All tanks have
external liquid-level gages. No dikes or retention barriers are used in the sulfuric
or caustic storage areas. Dikes are used for benzene, toluene, and xylene storage,
and full-capacity retention pits are provided under the tetra-ethyl lead storage
tanks. All lines are cleared of product, using nitrogen gas pressure, after each
transfer of material.
Past Spill Experience
The plant has had four or five "boilovers" within the past four or five years.
The boilovers were caused by decomposition reaction, and one spill cost between
$5000 and $6000 to neutralize. Another spill did escape out into the water
course.
A diversion pond is under construction to permit full confinement and
neutralization preparatory to outside release.
The following spills were officially recorded:
2/25/70 - 3-bbl. oil spill from faulty flange connection on unloading
barge (Texas Water Quality Board, Austin);
3/12/70 - Sulfuric acid foamed over alkylation unit tank (Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin);
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Arthur D Little, Inc
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TABLE 6
STORAGE CAPACITIES FOR CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS HANDLED
AT AMERICAN Ol L COMPANY
(September 4,1970)
Unit Location
Normal Capacity
Unit Location
Normal Capacity
Acid, Fresh
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Sulfuric.
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Acid Oils
Acid Oils
Acid, Spent
Sulfuric (75%)
Sulfuric (90%)
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Sulfuric
Additives and
Inhibitors
Additive Concentrate
Additive Concentrate
Additive Concentrate
Additive Concentrate
Additive Concentrate
Additive Solution
Additive Solution
Additive Solution
Additive Solution
Additive Solution
Additive Solution
Additive Solution
Additive Solution
No. 2 ammonia
Main sett, basin
Tank farm sett, basin
Waste-water ditch
No. 2 alkylation
No. 2 atkylation
No. 1 alkylation
No. 1 alkylation
Barge canal
No. 1 CCU
No. 3 CCU
No. 3 pipe still
No. 3 pipe still
No. 2 alkylation
No. 2 aikylation
No. 2 alkylation
c>
OSBLnear EPH
OSBL near EPH
OSBL near EPH
OSBL near EPH
OSBL near EPH
OSBLnear EPH
OSBLnear EPH
OSBLnear EPH
OSBL near EPH
OSBLnear EPH
OSBL near EPH
OSBLnear EPH
OSBLnear EPH
10,700 gals
10,700 gals
4,500 gals
1,900 gals
8,200 gals
7,500 bbls
7,500 bbls
1,566 bbls
1,566 bbls
470 bbls
562 bbls
500 bbls
14,000 gals
47,000 gals
7,500 bbls
7,500 bbls
335 bbls
184 bbls
133 bbls
133 bbls
382 bbls
382 bbls
169 bbls
140 bbls
168 bbls
141 bbls
169 bbls
169 bbls
21 8 bbls
219 bbls
Sulfur Inhibitor
Aluminum Chloride
Solution
Anhydrous
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Aromatics
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Styrene
Styrene
West of No. 1
Ammonia plant
Ammonia plant
Ammonia plant
OSBL near P.S. #1
OSBL near P.S. #1
OS8L near urtraformer #1
OSBL near ultraformer #1
OSBL mar toluene
OSBL near toluene
OSBL near EPH
OSBL near EPH
OSBL near toluene
1.400 gals
100,000 gals
15.000 tons
15,000 tons
15,000 tons
20,000 bbls
20.000 bbls
40.000 bbls
40,000 bbls
18,000 bbls
18,000 bbls
9,000 bbh
8,000 bbls
5,000 bbls
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Ethylbenzene
Off-test styrene
Polyethyl benzene
Polyethyl benzene
Polyethyl benzene
and styrene residue
Toluene or xylene
Toluene or xylene
Toluene or xylene
Toluene or xylene
Toluene or xylene
Toluene or xylene
Caustic. Fresh
Caustic. Fresh
Caustic, Fresh
Caustic. Fresh
Caustic, Fresh
Caustic, Fresh
Caustic, Fresh
Caustic (10%)
Caustic (10%)
Caustic (40%)
Caustic (50%)
Caustic (5-10%)
Caustic, Fresh
Caustic, Fresh (25%)
Caustic, Spent
Caustic, Fresh (25%l
Caustic, Fresh
EDTA, Boiler
Water Chemical
Monoethanol
Amine
Amine
Amine
Amine
Amine
Sulfolane
WetSulfolane
Sodium Phosphate
and Caustic
OSB L near toluene
Styrene
OSB L near styrene
Styrene
Styrene
Styrene
Styrene
OSBLnear ARU
OSBL near ultraformer #4
OSBL near toluene
OSBL near fire drill grounds
OSB L near fire drill grounds
OSBL north of sludge ponds
No. 2 alkylation
No. 1 alkylation
No. 1 alkylation
No. 1 alkylation
Main sen. basin
Tank farm sett, basin
No. 2 ammonia
No. 3 pipe still
No. 3 pipe still
No. 3 CCU
No. 3 CCU
No. 3 CCU
No. 1 CCU
No. 2 CCU
No. 2 CCU
No. 3 ultraformer
No. 2 ultraformer
No. 1 power station
No. 1 ammonia
No. 2 ammonia
Ultracr acker
No. 3 CCU
No. 3 CCU
Aromatics recovery
Aromatics recovery
No. 2 power station
5.000 bbls
158.000 gals
9,000 bbls
148,000 gals
1 2,000 gals
20,000 gals
100,000 gals
70,000 bbls
70,000 bbls
40,000 bbls
40,000 bbls
40,000 bbls
105.000 bbls
500 bbls
1,008 bbls
1,008 bbls
1,008 bbls
108 bbls
182 bbls
6, 800 gals
47,000 gals
6,500 gals
500 bbls
550 bbls
100 bbls
1,000 bbls
1.000 bbls
1.000 bbls
340 bbls
5.400 gals
4,000 gals
4,850 bbls
950 bbls
250 bbls
290 bbls
318 bbls
1,780 bbls
360 bbls
2.500 gals
Note: 42 gallons per barrel
OSBL - outside battery limits
Acid oils are mixed creiylic acids
EPH - ethyl pump house
ARU — aromatics recovery unit
CCU - catalytic cracking unit
47
Arthur D Little, Inc
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3/17/70 - Duplicate to foamover incident took 12 hours to neutralize
(Texas Water Quality Board, Austin).
3/23/70 - Sulfuric acid spill; no details (Texas Water Quality Board
Files, Austin).
Spill Control Plan
The emergency spill plan forms a lengthy section of the company's operating
manual. The company is also an active member of the Texas City Industrial
Mutual Aid System. Outfall monitoring for pH is continuous with a remote
readout at a control center, operated and staffed 24 hours a day. The plant
further maintains six organic detectors for emergency use. A 1600-foot length of
spill containment boom is readily available for plant use.
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Arthur D Little, Inc
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Borden Chemical Company, Smith-Douglas Division
Grant Avenue
Texas City, Texas
Contact: Mr. William F. Frazier, Jr., Production Manager
Date of Survey: September 1, 1970
Property Description
The Borden Chemical Company plant (Figure 7) began operation in 1957 for
the manufacture of sulfuric acid and fertilizer. The sulfuric acid manufacturing
has been abandoned, and production is now being concentrated on the manufac-
ture of a complete range of fertilizers. During this visit the plant had temporarily
stopped production to further modify its production flow. Since the production
changes will alter raw chemical product storage and quantity demands, this report
is directed to detailing new production which was to have commenced late in
November 1970.
The property fronts on FM Highway 519 and is bounded on three sides by
the plants of Union Carbide, American Oil, and Amoco Chemical. The plant's
drainage system averages 30,000 gpd of industrial waste, graded as 1% domestic
sewage, 2% boiler blowdown water, 90% process water, and 7% cooling water.
The drainage passes through the plant into a communal ditch also utilized by the
Gulf Chemical and Metallurgical Corporation. The terminal outfall empties into
Swan Lake (Figure 1). A marine unloading facility is leased from the Texas City
Terminal Railway Co.
Hazardous Materials
The following raw materials are used and stored on the property to process
the various mono-ammonium fertilizers into finished products:
1. Sulfuric acid (99%) - received by barge and currently
trucked to plant. This transportation procedure may
change, but current consumption averages 2200 tpy.
2. Phosphoric acid (73% H3PO4) - received by barge and
currently trucked to the plant. This transportation proce-
dure may change, but current consumption averages
30,000 tpy.
3. Anhydrous ammonia — 12,000 to 13,000 tpy — pipelined
in from an immediately adjacent plant (American Oil).
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4. Ammonium sulphate — received in railcar from Houston;
the plant utilizes 20,000 tpy; average storage, 300 tons.
5. Muriate of potash (60% KaO content) — received from
Carlsbad, New Mexico, by hopper cars (90%) and pneu-
matic trucks (10%); average consumption, 15,000 tpy;
average storage, 300 tons plus railroad cars on siding.
6. Gypsum — 15,000 tpy mined on plant property; 1 million
tons of reserve on site.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Sulfuric acid tanks:
Four at 42,000 gal. capacity each
Two at 260,000 gal. capacity each
Three at 10,000 gal. capacity each.
Note: It is anticipated that when production is reactivated that two
42,000-gal. tanks will be used and that the remaining tanks will be
"dead storage." The two 42,000-gal. tanks will not be used to
capacity and an average storage of 6000 to 7000 tons of sulfuric
acid is expected.
Phosphoric acid tanks:
Three at 54,000 gal. capacity each
One at 61,300 gal. capacity
One at 160,000 gal. capacity
One at 260,000 gal. capacity
One at 81,100 gal. capacity
Four at 45,300 gal. capacity each
One at 601,800 gal. capacity
Four at 26,000 gal. capacity each.
Anhydrous ammonia tanks:
One at 18,000 gal. capacity
One at 6,000 gal. capacity
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Arthur D Little Inc
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PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
-------
Use of the 6,000-gal. tank will probably be terminated. Only the ammonia storage
tanks and lines are liydrostatically tested; welds are also X-rayed, and the pressure
relief valves are tested and reset every 2 to 3 years. The ammonia transport line is
maintained by the plant; it is a 4-inch diameter line that is doped, wrapped, and
cathodically protected.
Past Spill Experience
The plant's largest spill occurred about five years ago when 10,000 gallons of
phosphoric acid escaped, following the rupture of a lead-lined wooden stave tank.
Some 5000 gallons of acid went into a ditch that empties into Swan Lake.
Payloaders were used to dam the plant, and the acid-filled ditches were pumped
out. The plant's wooden tanks have since been removed from active service. Other
rubber-lined phosphoric acid tanks have sprung pinhole leaks, but they are
promptly detected and repaired.
Spill Control Plan
The plant is a member of the Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System
(Appendix C). As of February 1970, the plant was engineered into a totally
enclosed water system and any spill will eventually enter the in-plant ditching
system. The following pumps can operate individually or in tandem to recirculate
spilled liquid or slurry:
One 3 by 4 Gallagher 40-hp 400 gpm,*
One 4 by 6 Gallagher 50-hp 600 gpm.*
Plant management feels that it now has a system that could handle any spill
except the large 260,000-gal. phosphoric acid tank which will eventually be
removed from service. The use of mechanized equipment to build temporary
dikes and to block drainage ditches would be employed as an interim contingency
plan to contain a large spill.
•gallons per minute
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Arthur D Little; Inc
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Amoco Chemicals Corporation
2800 Farm Road (519E)
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Mr. G. D. Fesperman, Operations Supervisor
Mr. D. Womacks, Pollution Control Engineer
Date of Survey: September 2, 1970
Property Description
The Amoco Chemicals facility has two operational locations: Plant A (12
acres) and Plant B (55-60 acres). Plant A, the original plant, has been in operation
since 1947. Both plants produce petrochemical products, none of which could be
considered as finished products. Each item is used for the manufacture of
terminal products by concerns other than the Amoco Chemicals Corporation. The
Texas City operations are closely integrated with the adjoining American Oil
Company's refinery for "charge stocks." The produced chemicals are used mostly
by domestic chemical concerns. There is, however, some limited export of
chemicals to the foreign market.
The plant has a marine loading/unloading facility on the Texas City Terminal
Railway Co.'s Barge Canal in addition to its main marine terminal facility. All
drainage from the dock facilities goes to sumps that are cleaned as required. The
diked areas have valves which remain closed under normal conditions and, when
open, drain to a proven effective oil-separator unit. Rainfall on areas other than
the loading facilities or the diked area drains into the Barge Canal.
In Plant -A all surface runoff and process waste water in the eastern section
of the property drain to an oil separator and a holding basin located near the
entrance to the plant. The area comprises the older section of the plant, a
common sewer system of which necessitates that all water go through a treatment
facility. The western section of Plant A has a new process unit, and the sewer and
drainage systems are designed to segregate contaminated water from clean rain-
water. Rainwater falling outside the unit or tank farm area drains into a ditch that •
runs along the west side of the plant. Contaminated water from the unit or the
tank farm area is collected for treatment. All of the diked areas of Plant A have
drains which remain closed under normal conditions.
In Plant B the drainage system design provides for collection of all contami-
nated water within the processing and tank farm areas for treatment. The rainfall
from the same areas drains into conventional drainage ditches. Similar to the
other locations, all diked areas have outlet valves which remain closed under
normal conditions. Heavy settled material from in-plant waste-water treatment is
disposed of in a sludge pit located on the company property.
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The plant itself disposes of 400,000,000 gallons of liquid waste each year. Of
this total about 1% is hauled offsite for processing by an outside firm. About 2l/2%
of the total quantity is hauled offsite by a local firm for disposal at a facility
which has the Texas Water Quality Board disposal permit. The remaining waste-
water discharge joins waste water from the Union Carbide Chemical property and
later joins American Oil waste water in a communal drainage ditch. The combined
waste water from all three plants then flows through a ditch from the Texas City
Barge Canal into Galveston Bay. The total treated waste-water volume (three
plants) averages 200,000 gpd or 73 mgy.
Hazardous Materials
Products processed for shipment include:
• Indopol polybutenes,
• Amoco resin 18
(a linear alphamethylstyrene polymer),
• Amoco styrene monomer,
• Amoco surfactants and oil production chemicals
(corrosion inhibitors),
• Amoco methyl mercaptan
• Panaflax BN-1-plasticizer
(an alkylated aromatic), and
• Panasol solvents
(aromatic solvents)
Panasol Type AN-1 AN-2 RX-34
Initial Boiling Point (°F) 384 398 365
End Point (°F) 504 525 441
Aromatics Vol.% 99.9 100 100
Gravity API @60°F 15.5 13.3 23.2
Mixed Aniline Point (°C) 13.6 13.4 15
Flash, Closed Cup (°F) 195 200 146 (TCC)
Color, Saybolt +17 -5 -29
Kauri-butanol value 108 102 105
Table 7 provides a listing of chemical-type storage capacities, transfer methods
and transfer rates.
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TABLE 7
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS, STORAGE CAPACITIES, AND TRANSFER
RATES AT THE AMOCO CHEMICALS CORPORATION, TEXAS CITY
Chemical
Plant A
Caustic 50%
Caustic 5-10%
Sulfuric acid
Methanol
Toluene sulfonic acid
Plant B
Aluminum chloride
solution 25%
Aluminum chloride
solution 25%
Benzene
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
Residue
Sulfuric acid
Ethyl chloride
Caustic solution 50%
Caustic solution 5%
Styrene
Xylene
Xylene
Paraxylene
Paraxylene
Heavy aromatic
hydrocarbon
Light aromatic
hydrocarbon
Sulfur
Aluminum chloride
(100%)
Storage Capacity
(gals, plus 103)
5.8
2.5
20.0
40.0
100,000 Ibs
15.0
63.0
170.0
97,000 Ibs
110,000 Ibs
Transfer Method
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Transfer Rate
(gals, plus 103/hr)
20.0
170.0
2,800.0
830.0
100.0
4.4
11.0
23.0
97.0
4,200.0
2,800.0
1,000.0
2,800.0
160.0
Tank truck
Pipeline
Pipeline
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Tank truck
Pipeline
Pipeline
Pipeline
Pipeline
Pipeline
-
13.7
13.7
-
-
-
—
-
52.7
13.7
13.7
90.0
3.0
Pipeline
Pipeline
Tank truck
Tank truck
12.0
24.0
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Arthur D Little, Inc.
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant has extensive bulk storage facilities, most of which are diked,
curbed, or trenched. Each tank is internally inspected and non-destructively
tested each time it is removed from service for cleaning. Tanks and piping in
service under corrosive conditions are inspected periodically, depending on the
severity of the corrosive conditions.
All underground lines between Plants A and B and the American Oil
Company's refinery are cathodically protected. An undergound barge-loading line
from Plant A is cathodically protected two-thirds of the way from the Plant A
docks to Plant A. All lines at Plant B between the American Oil refinery and
Plant B dock facilities are protected by a polyethylene coating. When used,
flexible hoselines at the dock facilities are tested to a pressure of 250 pounds, and
all insulating flanges are checked for conductance. It should be noted, however,
that most docklines are rigid metal lines with a packed swivel joint to permit
movement and connections between the marine vessel and the dock connection.
Past Spill Experience
The U.S.C.G. Port Captain's office in Galveston has a record of the following
spills which were reported by its pollution control staff:
3-11-69 Amoco — light crude oil leak from barge
5-29-70 Amoco - S/S Amoco experienced naphtha spill
3-24-70 Amoco — chemical leaked from valve on dock
Each of the spills was investigated and corrective action was introduced to
prevent a repetitive spill.
Spill Control Plans
The plant's spill plan was subjected to revision on June 1, 1970. A complete
copy of the plan is provided as Appendix D.
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Marathon Oil Company - Texas Refining Division
Foot of Sixth Street
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Dr. A. L. Benham, Acting Manager
Mr. Harold Smith, Technical Service Manager
Mr. Noble Norton, Engineering Dept. Manager
Mr. Malcolm Johnson, Tech. Advisor/Water Treatment
Mr. L. D. Rice, Manager/Production Control
Date of Survey: September 2, 1970
Description of Property
The Marathon Oil Company commenced operations at its Texas City plant
(Figures) in 1962. The refinery has a 45,000-bbl/day throughput capacity. In
addition to basic petroleum production, the plant produces the following petro-
chemical products:
Heavy aromatics,
Benzene,
Cumene,
Propylene,
Toluene,
Xylene.
The plant utilizes seven marine dock locations that can handle vessels sized from
barges to super tankers (36-foot channel at MLW). The property is quite exten-
sive, located on both sides of the FM Highway 519 (State Hwy. 341) between the
Amoco Chemical, American Oil, and Texas City Refining plants.
Plant drainage averages 1.156 mgd at one outfall, and 3.2 mgd at a second
outfall. The effluent travels in a roadside ditch under Loop 197 through a culvert,
mixes with other plant wastes, and then drains into the industrial barge canal,
Texas City Harbor, Galveston Bay, and the San Jacinto-Brazos Coastal Basin. The
effluent consists of:
Process water 71.4%
Cooling tower water 24.4%
Boiler blowdown 4.4%
The plant utilizes a 45-acre oxidation pond for in-ptant water treatment prior to
final discharge from the plant property.
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C
FIGURE 8 AERIAL VIEW OF REFINING DIVISION, MARATHON OIL COMPANY, TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
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Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled by Marathon Oil include:
• Benzene - Maximum storage capacity, 50,000 bbl; average
storage, 50% of total; production, 3 to 5 mgy,
• Toluene - Maximum storage capacity, 80,000 bbl; average
storage, 20% of total; production, 8 to 10 mgy,
• Xylene - Maximum storage capacity, 80,000 bbl; average
storage, 20% of total; production, 8 to 10 mgy,
• Cumene - Maximum storage capacity, 80,000 bbl; average
storage, 50% of total; production, 120 million bbl/yr,
• Sulfuric acid 98% - Maximum storage capacity, 16,000
gal.; normal consumption averages eight 8,000-gal. tank
cars/yr; spent sulfuric acid is used for in-plant water treat-
ment,
• Caustic - Maximum storage, 16,000 gal. average consump-
tion; one 8,000-gal. tan car/month; two tank cars (16,000
gal.) are normally transferred into and maintained in an
above-ground storage tank. Spent caustic in 4000-gal. loads
is trucked out of the plant monthly by Arlhem Company
of Houston.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The bulk storage tanks are located in four tank farms; viz., the North, West,
South, and Atlantic tank farms. The farms immediately surround the main
processing units. Immediately prior to visiting this plant, two days of heavy rain
had overflowed the roadside drainage ditches on FM Highway 519 and partial
flooding was evident in the West tank farm. This is apparently a common
condition that has been worsened by the retention and diversion of drainage
waters to facilitate construction of the hurricane levee that is being built under
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sponsorship. It would seem that the State Highway
FM 519 drainage ditches are inadequate to handle even moderate rainwaters since
the actual highway was under water. The waters that entered the private plant
property of Marathon could mix with any contaminating substances (spiHs,
splashes, etc.) and cause these substances to flow into the highway storm drainage
system. The main storage tanks and piping appeared well preserved, and the plant
piping was adequately coated and protected at underground locations.
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Past Spill Experience
The only spill at Marathon Oil was recorded in the U.S. Coast Guard files in
Galveston: October 26, 1969, Marathon Oil spill from separator leaked through
into drainage ditch. The separator was adjusted to prevent further leakage.
Spill Control Plan
Marathon Oil is an active member of the Industrial Mutual Aid System of
Texas City, and an in-plant spill control plan is part of the company's operating
procedures. The plant also owns and maintains 1,600 feet of oil containment
boom that could be handled by the Texas City Harbor Pilots Association in the
event of a floating chemical or oil spill. There are two boats that can, in an
emergency, be made available on a 24-hour day basis to position the oil-
containment boom.
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Malone Service Company
Malone Trucking Company
Malone Chemical Products Company
300-20th Street, S.
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Mr. Paul Malone, President
Mr. Arthur Malone, Vice President
Date of Survey: August 24, 1970
Property Description
The Malone Service Company collects and disposes of plant waste materials,
combats oil and hazardous material spills, and conducts ship and barge draining.
The downtown location houses the main office and chemical trucking terminal.
The firm's main waste treatment and disposal area is located southwest of town in
a 56-acre tract. (Monsanto Chemical also operates a 12-acre lime disposal facility
on the property.) The land is flat and drains through ditches and settling pits into
Swan Lake, a tidal "lake" connecting into Galveston Bay. The disposal area can
store and treat 10,500 gpd of chemical waste. Six company-owned 130-bbl
(5,460 gal.) capacity tank trucks collect the spent chemicals from various plant
and dock locations and transport them to the disposal site. The disposal facilities
consist of a series of six spent-chemical storage and disposal ponds and reclaiming
tanks, a still, an evaporator, and a deep injection disposal well. The well was
drilled under the supervision of the Geologist of the State of Texas. It has a total
depth of 5,300 feet and is cased to a depth of 5,100 feet.
The initial treatment pond is slightly acidic, having a pH of 5.5. A small
amount of Monsanto waste lime is added to maintain a pH of around 7. The
material has a natural overflow into a 50 by 100 by 10-foot unlined pond that
maintains a water level of about 5 feet. A large quantity of suspended salts,
chromates, and other solids is settled out at this phase, with the material flowing
into a second 50 by 50-foot pond. The material is then lifted by a pump to pass
through either of two available filters, with the filtered liquid backflushed into the
salt pit. The material then passes through a metering system into the cased deep
injection well.
There are also five oil storage tanks and three oil/water settling pits. The
contaminated water passes through a catch basin where it is separated from the
oil. The reclaimed oil is stored in a 15,000-bbl capacity storage tank. Plans are
being developed for the installation of a smokeless incinerator to dispose of waste
oil that cannot be reprocessed. Currently, all oil is sold to reprocessors for
reprocessing or for oiling road surfaces within the state.
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Hazardous Chemicals
The product handled by Malone can only be classified as industrial petro-
leum, chemical wastes, and crude oil contained in a 90% water mix, which is a
varying mixture of waste chemicals resulting from petroleum and chemical prod-
uct manufacturing.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant is new, and during the survey only a few test runs had been
attempted. Well pumping was to commence on September 1, 1970, and full waste
processing was anticipated for October 1, 1970. The storage tanks and process
vessels gave a new or reconditioned appearance. Plans were under way to increase
the dikes around the tanks to a height of 5 feet. All pipelines are stilt-supported
to a height of 14 feet above sea level as a precaution against high-water flooding.
In the event of a flood higher than the diked enclosure, the spent chemicals in
storage would be intermixed with the flood water.
Past Spill Experience
The State Water Quality Board records showed a 6,000-bbl reclaimed oil spill
at Malone Service; 200 bbl reached Swan Lake where it was burned. The spill was
attributed to the action of an ex-employee who intentionally opened the valves of
two tanks to permit the oil to escape. The valves were not locked at the time of
this survey.
Spill Control Plan
All electric control switches (pump controls, etc.) are installed 7 feet above
grade level and 14 feet above sea level to protect them from flood situations.
Electric motors, and even some buildings, can be moved following warning of a
hurricane or high tide. It is anticipated that open pits, with the exception of the
chemical settling pit, will be removed from service within a year, and that they
will be replaced with a system of closed tanks to control the previously described
flood situation. An additional flood precaution can be effected with the complete
flooding of all tanks to anchor them securely into position. The concern has the
advantage of being Texas City's main spill control agency, having the experience
and equipment to contain and clean up most types of lighter-than-water material
spills. Their equipment includes floating booms, vacuum pumps, and various
chemical absorbents, dispensers, and burning and singeing agents.
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Texas City Refining, Inc.
East Galveston Highway
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Mr. L. W. Robbie, Vice President/Operations
Mr. P. D. Parks, Supervisor/Environmental and
Corrosion Control
Mr. A.E. Bynum, General Refinery Superintendent
Date of Survey: August 31,1970
Property Description
Texas City Refining, Inc. has been a producer of petroleum (65,000 bbl/day)
and related products in Texas City since 1951. The plant is quite extensive
(Figure 9) and in close proximity to the properties of Marathon Oil Company,
Amoco Chemical Corp., Plant A, and the Texas City Terminal Railway Company.
Plant production drainage averages between 900 to 1200 gpd, most of the
waste material emanating from the plant's sulfide stripping process. The discharge
is classified as 10.6% boiler blowdown water, 39.2% cooling water, 13% process
water, 37.2% service water, and others. In-plant water treatment is quite exten-
sive, flowing through a primary treatment pond into an aerated lagoon, then
through four additional treating ponds prior to discharging into a common
drainage ditch which carries drainage from FM Highway 519 (State Highway 341)
and Amoco Plant A. The ditch terminates in the Texas City Railway Company
Barge Canal, which has tidal flow into the Texas City Ship Channel and Galveston
Bay. Figure 10 shows the water-treatment flow sequences.
Hazardous Materials
After petroleum, the main product at Texas City Refining is considered to
be propylene; however, plant officials provided a list of materials used and/or
processed within the plant (Table 8). The actual bulk storage figures and annual
chemical consumption rates were not made available during the survey. Hazardous
materials are delivered neither by barge nor ship. Such materials are received and
shipped either by truck or rail, using local common carriers and railroad facilities.
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OUT OF SERVICE
7
~
J
8k ^•W'. ,— B5-«l*T
FIGURE 9 GENERAL LAYOUT OF TEXAS CITY REFINING CORPORATION, TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
-------
cr\
FIGURE 10 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF TEXAS CITY REFINING CORPORATION PLANT, TEXAS CITY,
TEXAS, SHOWING OIL AND WATER SEPARATOR FOR PLANT EFFLUENT
-------
TABLE 8
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS HANDLED AT TEXAS CITY REFINING, INC.
Chemical Supplier Unit
1. Kcppers liquid oil bronze
2. Liqui treat
3. Dianodic116
4. Slimicide C-30
5. Duosperse 408
6. AgelC-17
7. OGA 290
8. Hydrated lime
9. Sodium sulfite
10. Aluminum sulfate
11. Soda ash
12. Liquid chlorine
13. Liquid chlorine
14. Aqua ammonia
15. Aqua ammonia
16. Caustic soda solution
17. Sulfuricacid
18. HFacid
19. Tetra-mix 50
20. Oil orange liquid
21. Oil red liquid
22. Oil blue "B" Liquid
23. AFA-1
24. AO-23
25. DMD-2
26. DMA-4
27. FOA-208
28. Paradyne 20
29. 733-PDA-D-75
30. Diesel ignition improver-2
31. Red-B liquid dye
32. Red-G liquid dye
33. Orange liquid dye
34. Orange-R liquid dye
35. Blue liquid dye
36. Bronze liquid dye
37. Black liquid dye
38. Yellow liquid dye
39. Green liquid dye
40. Purple liquid dye
American Aniline
Betz Laboratories
Betz Laboratories
Betz Laboratories
Betz Laboratories
Betz Laboratories
Chevron Chemical
Dixie Chemical
Dixie Chemical
Dixie Chemical
Dixie Chemical
Dixie Chemical
Dixie Chemical
Dow Chemical
McKesson Chemical
Dow Chemical
E. l.duPont
E. I. duPont
E. I. du Pont
E. l.duPont
E. l.duPont
E. l.du Pont
E. I. du Pont
E. I. du Pont
E. I. du Pont
E. l.du Pont
E. l.duPont
Enjay Chemical
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation
67
250-lb drum
Appr. yearly usage, 7500 gal.
4000 Ibs.
600 Ibs.
1500 Ibs.
4000 Ibs.
LCL-LTL
50-lb bags
100-lb bags
100-lb bags
100-lb bags
150-lb cylinders
2000-lb cylinders
Currently pending
Currently pending
10,000 gal. T/C
T/C or T/T
T/C or T/T
T/C
240-lb drum
240-lb drum
240-lb drum
240-lb drum
240-lb drum
240-lb drum
400-lb drum
400-lb drum
Appr. 390-lb drum
5 drums or more LTL
55-gal. drums
LTL, 5 drums or more
55-gal. drums
240-lb drums
55-gal. drums
240-lb drums
55-gal. drums
240-lb drums
55-gal. drums
240-lb drums
55-gal. drums
240-lb drum
55-gal. drums
240-lb drum
55-gal. drums
240-lb drum
55-gal. drums
240-lb drum
55-gal. drums
240-lb drum
55-gal. drums
240-lb drum
Arthur!)Little Inc.
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TABLE 8 (Continued)
Chemical
41. MLA500
42. Grade 110 catalyst
43, HZ-1 catalyst
44, MAF-50R
45. Liquid caustic soda
46. Oxygen
47. Nitrogen
48. Hydrogen
49. AEP-151
50. Cronox 605
51. Cronox 624
52. Cronox 650
53. Throcon R-1Q
54. Durabead 6-B Catalyst
55. Nalco 39
56. Nalco 161
57. Nalco 262
58. Nalco 372
59. Nalco 373
60. HF acid
61 United granulated water
softening salt
62. Reynolds activated RA-1
63. Primene81-R
64, Crushed limestone
1/2" to 1/4" (S)
1" to 3/8"
65. Sulfuric acid
66. Sulfuric acid
67. HF acid
68 Hydra ted lime
69. Sodium sulfite
70. Aluminum sulfate
71. Soda ash 58% light
72. Cat lubricant
73. Hydrogen
74. Nitrogen
75. Oxygen
76. Polyflo 123
77. Unicor LHS
78. Unicor
79. Cat lubricant
80. Liquid caustic soda
Supplier
Ethyl Corporation
Filtrol Corporation
Houdry
Houston Chemical
Jefferson Chemical
Koenig Welding
Koenig Welding
Koenig Welding
Milchem Corp.
Milchem Corp.
Milchem Corp.
Milchem Corp.
Milchem Corp.
Mobil Chemical
Nalco Chemical
Nalco Chemical
Nalco Chemical
Nalco Chemical
Nalco Chemical
Olin Chemical
Ranch & Home
Reynolds Metal
Rohm & Haas
Servtex
Smith Douglas
Stauffer Chemical
Stauffer Chemical
Thompson-Hayward
Thompson-Hayward
Thompson-Hayward
Thompson-Hayward
Thompson-Hayward
UCC
UCC
UCC
UOP
UOP
UOP
Van Waters & Rogers
Wyandotte Chemical
Unit
Bulk
70T H/C
70T H/C
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
Drum
Drum
4T6-lb drum
600-lb drum
50T H/C
500-gal. drum
55-gal. drum
55-gal. drum
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
100-lb bags (min. order 100)
100-lb burlap bags
Drums
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
50-lb bags
100-lb bags
100-lb bags
100-lb bags
50-lb bags (36,000 Ibs)
Bulk
Bulk
Bulk
LTL
LTL
LTL
36,000 Ibs
(50-lb. bags)
Bulk
LTL = less than tank load
LCL = less than car load
H/C = hopper car
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The Texas City Refining plant has extensive tank fields. There are no buried
tanks, and the only buried pipelines are used only to transport hydrocarbons. All
buried lines are cathodically protected. The tetra-ethyl lead storage tanks offer
considerable potential for property damage and personal injury, and are confined
within a special building that has restricted entry; the storage tanks are mounted
over pit enclosures. The "lead" tanks are subjected to DuPont/Ethyl inspection
service which is quite extensive. The remaining tanks are subjected to regular
ultrasonic integrity testing. No flexible hoselines are used for the transfer of
hazardous materials. Diking, trench, pit, and containment curb protection is
provided to confine accidental spills of acids effectively. The remaining chemicals
(Table 8) are not all protected in this manner.
Past Spill Experience
A sulfuric acid spill was experienced two years ago, when a fiberglass storage
tank split and released its acid content. The U.S. Coast Guard records one minor
oil spill on February 18, 1970 when crude oil overflowed from a drip pan.
Instructions were given for more frequent inspection and emptying of drip pans.
Spill Control Plan
Shift foremen, who are on 24-hour duty, have been trained in spill control
by the plant's Safety Department. Spill reports are routed to top management.
Individual workers are knowledgeable on procedures that should be undertaken to
control an accidental spill effectively. The plant is an active member of the Texas
City Industrial Mutual Aid Plan (Appendix C).
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Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc.
East Galveston Highway
Texas City, Texas
Contacts: Mr. George J. Melder, Plant Manager
Mr. Louis A. Claveloux, Manager Engineering (N.J./Hq.)
Date of Survey: September 1, 1970
Property Description
The Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc., plant is a new facility that recently
acquired a building and unfenced, open-land space on the Texas City Terminal
Railway property. Work was under way to complete the installation of the
processing and storage vessels at the time of the survey. The operation will involve
the recovery of ammonium chloride from 20% to 25% ammonium chloride liquor
effluent originating from the nearby Monsanto Company plant. The anticipated
annual production of ammonium chloride recovery is in the vicinity of 8 million
bbl/year. Plant drainage has been estimated at 40,000 to 48,000 gpd through an
open ditch across the Railway property into Galveston Bay. The predicted
effluent analysis, as filed with the State Water Pollution Control Board in
Houston, is 72% water, 25% ammonium chloride, 2.896% methanol, 0.1% methyl
lactate, and 0.004% organic nitrates.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled by Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc., include:
• Ammonium chloride liquor (20-25%); maximum storage
capacity, 99,000 gal.;
• Hydrochloric acid (32%); maximum storage capacity,
6000 gal.;
• Anhydrous ammonia; maximum storage capacity, 2000
gal.; and
• Methanol.
Since the plant was not in active production at the time of the survey, the annual
consumption of listed materials could not be assessed.
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant has three 33,000-gal. capacity, undiked, ammonium chloride
liquor (20-25%) storage tanks. The tanks have a 0.5-inch wall thickness, are
rubber-lined, and were originally mounted on a marine barge owned by the Dow
Chemical Company. The tanks, which were recently hydrostatically tested, will be
open-vented when in service. The firm also has a new 6000-gal. capacity fiberglass
constructed hydrochloric acid (32%) storage tank that has also been pressure-
tested and will be open-vented when in service. The remaining tank, a 2000-gal.
anhydrous ammonia storage unit, has been built and equipped to all ICC code
specifications. All exposed pipelines and valves are of 2-inch diameter PVD and
PVC construction. U.S. Navy tests of this type pipe for retaining core samples
indicates very little dehydration of the cores, although the design of the valves
makes it almost impossible to lock them in the closed position. The ammonium
chloride liquor will be transferred from the Monsanto plant during daylight hours
(8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) in below-ground fiberglass pipe. The finished product -
reclaimed ammonium chloride - will be bagged for shipment.
Past Spill Experience
None to date.
Spill Control Plan
Plans are under way to install a security fence around the bulk storage area
and to cover the ground within the storage tank area with an oyster-shell surface.
Although none of the tanks is equipped with high liquid-level alarms, an alarm
device has been installed as an integral part of the production system. The plant
would have the immediate assistance of Texas City Terminal Railway and Mon-
santo spill specialists in the event of an emergency.
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B. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
The City of Baltimore, located on the Patapsco River near its entry into
Chesapeake Bay, is one of the major harbor ports of the United States. The city
and the harbor areas it surrounds — and to which it is adjacent — handle large
amounts of materials from ships, barges, railroads, and trucks.
1. Drainage
The drainage from the city and its industrialized areas into the Patapsco
River and the Chesapeake Bay emanates from the following major points:
1. Jones Falls, draining into the Inner Harbor and the North-
west Branch of the Patapsco River;
2. Gwynns Falls, draining into the Middle Branch of the
Patapsco River;
3. Curtis Creek, draining into Curtis Bay and then into the
Patapsco River, and
4. Colgate Creek, draining into the Patapsco River.
Because of the large number of industrial plants located on or near the
harbor area, drainage occurs directly from property into the river and bays from a
large number of outlets.
2. Potential Source of Hazardous Spills
Before beginning field surveys of the Baltimore area, information on the
nature of the industries involved, the size of their operations, and records of past
spills of hazardous materials was sought. An excellent index of the probable major
sources of potentially hazardous spills was obtained through reviews of the
Directory of Maryland Manufacturers for 1969-1970 and the Waterborne Com-
merce of the United States for the Calendar Year 1968. For example, approxi-
mately 75% of the total port tonnage is represented by ores, coal, and petroleum
products, with each totalling approximately 25% of the total. The major bulk-
liquid hazardous material handled in Baltimore is sulfuric acid which accounts for
slightly over 1% of the total port traffic. Liquid sulfur, sodium hydroxide,
molasses, and a number of chemical products not otherwise classified contribute
slightly over 1% of total port traffic on a combined basis.
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Based on our assessment of the port traffic, it was apparent that manufac-
turers or users of basic bulk chemicals would be expected to present the greatest
potential for spills of hazardous materials because of the volumes handled and the
frequency of handling. Consequently, we established a tentative list of sources for
discussion with members of the Baltimore Harbor Project of the Maryland
Department of Water Resources.
The inner harbor in Baltimore appeared to be the most polluted waterbody
observed during the survey. Floating solid debris was much in evidence on the
surface of the water. Chemical runoff from open stockpiles of material is
common, and many hues were evident during an aerial survey we made. Although
a number of extensive spills have taken place, constant effluent discharges create
the greatest problem in the area.
As a result of the reviews cited above, we selected certain plants for the
survey. The reports of this survey follow.
3. Past Spill History
In discussions with members of the Maryland Department of Water Re-
sources, Baltimore City Sewers, U.S. Coast Guard, Maryland Port Authority, and
the Corp of Engineers regarding past spills of hazardous materials, we found that
the recent (July 1970) spill of concentrated sodium hydroxide into the harbor is
the only one that was documented to any degree. Other spills or entries of
hazardous materials, such as creosote, paints, dyestuffs, plating solutions, pickle
liquors, and so on, were mentioned, but very little definitive information could be
obtained. In some spill instances, such as dyes and pickle liquors, the sources have
been established, with orders issued the offending firms to adopt methods for
preventing such spills from entering water courses in the future.
We got the impression that these spills could be largely attributed to
operational inattention or poorly designed facilities. The past history of spills was
traceable largely to visible or floating substances, such as creosote, paint, or dyes,
to larger scale spills, such as the concentrated sodium hydroxide spilled during
transfer to a barge by Keystone Shipping Company's vessel, the Chancellorsville,
or to toxic substances, such as heavy metals. The spills were detected by various
methods. The large number of small spills that could have occurred during
transfer operations at plants, loading terminals, and so on, could have contributed
significant amounts of hazardous materials to the water courses, but in individual
quantities difficult to document.
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Continental Oil Company
3441 Fairfield Road
Baltimore, Maryland
Contacts: Mr. Frank Wilson, Safety Director
Mr. Alan Goldfarb, Chemist
Date of Survey: September 1, 1970
Property Description
The Continental Oil Company plant (Figure 11), located on the Patapsco
River, has provisions for receiving and shipping hazardous materials by ocean
tanker and barge. Finished products are shipped by truck, tank car, and tanker.
Hazardous Materials
The plant manufactures detergent alkylates from petroleum fractions. The
hazardous raw materials are chlorine, sulfuric acid, and concentrated sodium
hydroxide solutions. Spent mixed acids (hydrochloric and sulfuric) are produced,
along with hydrochloric acid and an aluminum chloride solution which are sold as
by-products.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Sodium hydroxide (50%) is stored in a 1000-barrel (42,000 gallon) tank in a
diked area. Sulfuric acid is stored in two 125-barrel tanks; these are not presently
located in a diked area, but they will eventually be diked. Hydrochloric acid
generated in the process is stored in a 5000-barrel tank for shipment as it is sold.
Spent mixed acids are stored in two curbed tanks of 300 to 400 barrels, and an
aluminum chloride by-product solution is stored in six fiberglass-reinforced tanks
estimated to hold about 15,000 gallons each.
Past Spill Experience
The Continental Oil dock was the scene of a large spill of concentrated
sodium hydroxide during transfer from tanker to barge by companies using
Continental's facilities, but the caustic was not destined for its use. There have
been no other spills of hazardous materials in large quantities.
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Photo Courtesy of Air Photographies. Incorporated
FIGURE 11 AERIAL VIEW OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, HARBOR SHOWING
GENERAL LOCATION OF CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY
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Spill Control Plans
There is a large supply of oyster shells stored near the diked area which
contains the hydrochloric acid. The oyster shells are used to neutralize occasional
spills made in transfer operations. The water from the diked areas can be drained
through valved sewer connections and will thus pass through an API separator and
beds of oyster shells before entering the Patapsco River. Operating personnel have
a manual outlining protective procedures, and safety meetings held periodically
stress these procedures. Notifications of spills go to the shift foreman who must
make rapid spot-decisions on methods of handling them. However, since such
spills commonly occur in normal plant operations, the quantity is not large.
Because of the chlorine handling, all personnel entering the plant are equipped
with gas masks. The potential for spillage at this plant appears minimal, and
fail-safe methods exist for the containment of most hazardous materials. Comple-
tion of the diking around the sulfuric acid tanks and completion of the dike
maintenance program already under way should materially improve the capability
for controlling spills.
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Swift & Company
2000 Chesapeake Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. Cue, Plant Manager
Date of Survey: September 2, 1970
Property Description
The Swift & Company property, located on the Patapsco River at the end of
Chesapeake Avenue, is the former Mobil Oil fertilizer plant which has been
converted exclusively to the production of dry mix fertilizers.
Hazardous Materials
Nitrogen solutions, anhydrous ammonia, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid
constitute the hazardous materials in this plant.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Liquid raw materials are brought in by tank car in the case of nitrogen
solutions, phosphoric acid, and anhydrous ammonia. Sulfuric acid is delivered by
tank truck. These materials are stored in diked tankage areas, the maximum
storage capacity of which is approximately 25 tons for anhydrous ammonia, and
90 to 100 tons for the other materials. The unloading rates are low and the
pipelines are small and of limited length.
Past Spill Experience
There have been no spills of any consequence because every effort is made to
contain the valuable raw materials.
Spill Control Plans
Unloading and transfer procedures are dictated by standard companywide
procedures and insurance safety regulations. No provisions for drainage of water
from diked tank areas through waste treatment plants have been made. Drainage
sewers empty into a ditch, but they have never been needed, since the porosity of
the ground is sufficient for natural percolation to take care of the rainfall within
the diked area. The major spill problem at Swift exists in the potential for
percolation into the ground water. Because of the small amount of chemicals
handled and the reactive nature or biological utilization, a spill is judged to have
low potential for significant contamination.
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Alcolac Chemical Corporation
3440 Fairfield Road
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Dr. Peter P. Bouroff, Director of Research
Date of Survey: September 2, 1970
Property Description
The Alcolac Chemical plant is located on property with no river frontage.
Drainage from the plant goes to a storm drain that ultimately enters Curtis Bay
through Stonehouse Cove. The property is fenced. This plant produces detergents
as its major product line, along with a number of special chemicals.
Hazardous Materials
The raw materials are mostly water-soluble liquids. These include sulfuric
acid, chlorosulfonic acid, liquid sodium hydroxide, anhydrous ammonia, and
organic compounds, such as fatty alcohols, trie thy lenemelamine, diethylene-
melamine, ethylene oxide, acetone, and isopropanol. Some process intermediates
are active monomers.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Raw materials and products are shipped by tank cars and tank trucks.
Sulfuric acid is stored in tanks ranging in size from 1,000 to 14,000 gallons;
sodium hydroxide is stored in 15,000-gallon tanks. In-process tanks of various sizes
are used. Storage tanks are generally located in diked areas or in process plants
equipped with curbing and drainage. Hydrochloric acid as a 28-30% solution is
stored prior to shipment. The firm would not release a breakdown of individual
volumes of chemicals handled. Alcolac usually ships about 3 to 4 million pounds
of products per month which requires some 2 to 3 million pounds of liquid raw
materials.
Past Spill Experience
Spills at Alcolac have all been minor, and have taken place in areas where
clean-up or recovery was possible.
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SpiU Control Plan
Automatic dumping procedures, along with containing tankage, are incorpo-
rated into the process at Alcolac because of personnel hazards and property
protection requirements. Plant drainage proceeds through beds of marble chips
for neutralization prior to running into a storm drain that enters Curtis Bay
through Stonehouse Cove. In-plant control of spillage is based largely on per-
sonnel safety requirements. Good housekeeping, pressure from regulatory groups,
and the fact that Alcolac has a water pollution control subsidiary combine to
make the company quite conscious of its image, resulting in a low potential for
hazardous spills at this site. Also, the final products are biodegradable materials
which, for minor spills, might be readily treated by natural biological processes.
Some solid wastes and sludges are sent to a landfill area operated by a licensed
contractor. Plant drainage water is monitored for pH and the instruments are
alarmed.
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Environmental Technology, Inc.
6001 Chemical Road
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. Robert Taylor, Owner
Date of Survey: September 3, 1970
Property Description
Environmental Technology, Inc., on a rental basis, uses the property on
Chemical Road for pilot plant work on a proprietary waste treatment process.
The company also leases storage tank facilities at the site of the former duPont
plant on Curtis Bay. The storage tank facilities were not visited.
Hazardous Materials
This company is operating a waste collection service in the Baltimore area.
Its service consists of storing wastes for future processing. The wastes are segre-
gated only on the basis of corrosivity since some of the tankage is constructed of
plain carbon steel.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The concern has leased a 200,000-gal. rubber-lined tank, in which it
proposes to store corrosive wastes, and two carbon steel tanks, one of
150,000-gal. and the other of 2,000,000-gal. capacity. The firm has made arrange-
ments with a local transport company, Skyline Transport, to collect the wastes.
Only about 10,000 gallons of waste are in storage at the present time. We did not
see the tankage. However, we were told that the tanks in which organics are
stored, presumably the 150,000- and 2,000,000-gal. carbon steel ones, are diked.
Past Spill Experience
None has occurred.
Spill Control Plan
Diked storage is apparently the only control plan since disposal methods
have not yet been developed.
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Minerac Corporation
3520 Fairfield Road
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. L. E. Strow, Plant Manager
Date of Survey: September 3, 1970
Property Description
The Minerac plant, which is land-locked, is located about 500 yards from the
Patapsco River. Its drainage goes into a small stream which enters the river. The
entire area is fenced.
Hazardous Materials
The company manufactures and ships proprietary chemical formulations
used in the mineral dressing industry, but it would not identify them. However,
we did ascertain that the raw materials it uses include sodium hydroxide, sulfuric
acid, carbon disulfide, and various alcohols.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
All chemicals are received in tank cars or tank trucks and products are
shipped out in tank cars and drums. Various small tanks up to 10,000 gallons in
capacity are used to store chemicals; most of these tanks are located in buildings.
Carbon disulfide is stored in an underground 10,000-gal. tank for fire insurance
reasons. Permission to survey the plant was not granted, and no listing of tankage
volumes or plant production was released by the firm.
Past Spill Experience
Minerac, according to its management, has had waste disposal problems, viz.,
sodium sulfides and some nickel and sludge washings from tanks. Those effluents
have apparently come from poor control of wash waters, and so on, and not from
uncontrolled spills.
Spill Control Plan
No special plan for handling spills exists, other than those for routine
operations. Curbed areas in the process buildings arc drained through a limestone
pit to meet pH regulations on effluents. At the present time, up to 10,000 gallons
of a sodium sulfide solution might be stored, awaiting pickup by Rollins-Purle
with whom Minerac has a contract for waste disposal. These wastes are trucked to
the R-P P'ant i° New Jersey DV Matlack. Transfer rates for loading and unloading
are in the low hundreds of gallons per minute range. The small size of the
operation and the value of the product indicates that the potential for significant
spillage entering a water course is quite limited.
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SCM-Glidden-Durkee
Hawkins Point Road
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. Leonard D. Burgess, Pollution Control Engineer
Process Engineering Department
Date of Survey: September 4, 1970
Property Description
The SCM-Glidden-Durkee plant is located on Hawkins Point Road in the
lower Patapsco River. Its principal product is titanium dioxide. Drainage from the
area ultimately reaches the river. Apparently the plant has good security protec-
tion. Permission to inspect the property could not be obtained so the following
information is based on answers to questions posed.
Hazardous Materials
Sulfuric acid
Sodium hydroxide (50% solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Aqua ammonia
Chlorine
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Sulfuric acid is barged into the plant from local sulfuric acid manufacturers
and off-loaded into a 2000-ton undiked storage tank located approximately 600
feet from the Patapsco River at Hawkins Point. Another (approximately 500-ton)
storage tank is used along with numerous in-process tanks of unspecified size.
Sodium hydroxide as a 50% solution is brought into the plant by tank trucks and
stored in two 5000-gallon tanks. Hydrochloric acid is delivered by tank truck and
stored in a 16,000-gallon tank. Aqua ammonia is delivered to the plant by tank
car and is pumped into a 16,000-gallon tank. Chlorine is received in tank cars
from which it is used directly.
Past Spill Experience
Past spills have all been local in nature, involving broken lines, leaking
pumps, and so on, and have been handled efficiently.
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Spill Control Plan
SCM's in-plant handling facilities can best be described as conventional for a
chemical plant. Since easily traceable solids (colored) can be emitted, Glidden-
Durkee uses holding ponds for settling prior to emission into the river. A major
effort is made to control pH and, we were told, provisions are made to neutralize
before waste waters enter the settling basins in the river. Operating personnel are
trained in spill cleanup around outside tanks, especially with respect to acids, and
supplies of limestone are available for pouring onto acid spills.
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Leidy Chemicals
900 South Eutaw
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. Tom Strohm, Vice President
Date of Survey: September 4, 1970
Property Description
The Leidy Chemicals plant is located in Baltimore in rather old buildings
which are conveniently located for rail and truck shipments. Its drainage runs into
the Baltimore sanitary and storm sewer system. The premises are fenced, although
tank car sidings are located on a commercial street and are not secured.
Hazardous Materials
The list of hazardous materials is essentially that of bulk commercial chemi-
cals. Those which have the greatest spill potential are listed in the following
section.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Volatile liquids are stored in an underground tank according to Baltimore
Fire Department regulations. The following storage volume estimates were
provided:
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Sulfuric acid
Acetic acid
Inhibited hydrochloric acid
Ferric chloride solution
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Volatile solvents
Anhydrous ammonia
Aqua ammonia (30%)
Chlorine
15,000 gallons
15,000 gallons
15,000 gallons
10,000 gallons
6,000 gallons
6,000 gallons
8,000 gallons
Not provided
Tank cars on rail sidings
Two 7500-gal. tanks, three 5000-gal. tanks
18,000 gallons
35,000 gallons
Usually less than six 100-lb cylinders
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Most loadings and unloadings are made from the top of the tanks. Consequently,
air pressure transfer is effected. Many of the chemicals must be packaged and
shipped according to ICC regulations.
The following general information on magnitude of major chemicals handled
was provided:
Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid — one tank car/week each
Hydrofluoric acid — one tank car/month
Nitric acid - two tank cars/month
Ferric chloride - 50,000-60,000 gallons/year
Inhibited hydrochloric acid - 50,000-60,000 gallons/year
Volatile liquids - 1 million gallons/year
Past Spill Experience
Leidy has a low accident rate which, it purports, stems from the necessity of
achieving the best possible insurance rates. The Baltimore Fire Department
regularly inspects the premises. Because of the large number of transfers, there is a
large number of drips, and so forth. Consequently, a large amount of flushing
water is kept flowing in the plant. No large spills have occurred at this facility,
although small drips are an inadvertent aspect of its operation.
Spill Control Plan
In the acid handling areas, the water collected from drainage areas is passed
through beds of marble chips for neutralization before going into a storm sewer.
It is apparent that dilution and flushing will become the method of coping with
spilled chemicals. The installation is well operated for receiving, repackaging,
warehousing, and shipping. The tankage and equipment seem to be well main-
tained and of modern design, although the building is very old. Transfer hoses are
inspected and serviced on a monthly basis by an outside contractor.
At this location, any spill enters the storm sewer system; of course, a
significant portion of the acids is removed by neutralization. The unloading of
sodium hydroxide from tank cars on the siding occurs along the street front and
any spill runs down the gutters into the sewers. In this case the ICC regulations
regarding tank car designs may be adequate protection unless a tank ruptures.
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Davison Chemical
W. R. Grace Company
101 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. Bert Mobley, Pollution Control Engineer
Date of Survey: September 16, 1970
Property Description
The Davison plant is located on Curtis Creek. Permission to inspect the
property could not be obtained. However, the results of questions posed their
representative are presented below.
Hazardous Materials
Liquid sulfur
Sulfuric acid
Oleum
Sodium silicate
Phosphoric acid
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Molten sulfur is received via tank ship, and it was surmised that about
10,000 tons are off-loaded into a tank estimated to have a storage capacity of
about 10,000 tons. This tank, which is not diked, is located about 150 feet from
Curtis Creek. Unloading rates are unknown, but are estimated to be as great as a
1000 tons per hour.
Sulfuric acid is shipped out by barge, rail, and truck, with spent acid
returned to the plant in the same manner. It was estimated that at least 12 tanks
were used to store sulfuric acid, with the capacity ranging from 50,000 to
500,000 gallons, i.e., from perhaps 375 to nearly 4000 tons. We estimate that the
firm could possibly store between 10,000 and 20,000 tons of concentrated
sulfuric acid at any time. Tanks are not diked and high rate transfers are made
through a 6-inch line (indicating that transfer rates of possibly 800 to 1000 gpm
are used). We were told that the usual provisions of valving, pumping, and so on,
are made for notification of spills. No estimate of yearly tonnage was provided.
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Phosphoric acid is brought into the plant in railroad tank cars, and is used
directly from these cars. Very few cars are used per year. A sodium silicate
solution is made and stored. It was estimated that maximum storage might involve
three to four tanks, each containing from 50,000 to 100,000 gallons. Alkaline
filtrates are stored in small quantities (unspecified) and used to neutralize acid
wastes or sold to other companies for neutralization.
Past Spill Experience
All spills have been of a localized nature and handled by established pro-
cedures, such as the neutralization of acids by lime or oyster shells.
Spill Control Plan
At the Davison plant, waste water from process areas and cooling waters run
into a lagoon. Monitoring of pH (acid or caustic addition) is used to ensure that
records are maintained for regulatory purposes. Continued pH values outside of a
nominal range call for shutdown and repair of equipment.
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Manganese Chemicals
Diamond Shamrock
711 PittmanRoad
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. Kenneth W. Olson, Engineer
Date of Survey: September 14, 1970
Property Description
The Manganese Chemicals plant extracts manganese chemicals from ore. The
plant drainage system ultimately discharges into Curtis Creek before reaching
Curtis Bay. Normal plant security fences were in place, and security personnel
were obvious since the plant was on strike. The plant is about 10 years old and
seems to be well maintained; however, because of the nature of its processes, it is
not especially clean looking.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled in its operation include:
• Sulfuric acid • Hydrochloric acid
• Aniline • Propane
• Nitric acid • Liquid nitrogen
• Liquid chlorine
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The major hazardous materials are brought in by tank car and tank truck.
The estimated storage capacities for these materials were given as follows:
Sulfuric acid (66° Be) (tank truck) 8,000-10,000 gallons
Aniline (tank car) 10,000 gallons
Nitric acid (tank truck) 4,000 gallons
Liquid chlorine (tank car) Used from tank car
Hydrochloric acid (20°Be) (tank truck) 8,000 gallons
Both liquid nitrogen and propane are stored, the latter in a well-diked area.
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Past Spill Experience
Plant spills have been limited to small quantities such as sometimes occur in
process areas due to line breakage, pump gland failures, and so on. Such spills,
which involved only the acids and aniline, have been localized; no spill of liquid
chlorine has occurred.
Spill Control Plans
The local fire department has equipment for handling chlorine leaks and the
company relies on this source. Aniline is stored in a curbed area, along with
hydrochloric acid, whereas the other tankage storage areas have no curbed or
diked zones. Top loading and unloading techniques are preferred for transfer and
are normally used. In-plant surge tanks are provided, and a diked pond with no
outlets is provided for retention of liquids which cannot enter the waste water
stream from the plant.
Settling ponds are used to collect water primarily to remove suspended solids
before discharge into Curtis Creek. The suspended solids' content is usually less
than 100 ppm, well below the permissible level. In-plant handling of spills,
notification, and the like, are based principally on personnel safety and economic
losses.
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Mutual Chrome
Allied Chemical Company
Block and Willis Streets
Baltimore, Maryland
Contacts: Mr. Edward Walsh, Assistant Plant Manager
Mr. Nick Borodulia, Industrial Hygienist
Date of Survey: September 15, 1970
Property Description
The Mutual Chrome plant (Figure 12), which is located on the northwest
branch of the Patapsco River at the entrance to the inner harbor, has some
drainage still going into the river. Guards and security fences prevent unautho-
rized access to the plant from the land side; however, access could be easily
achieved from the harbor by boat. Housekeeping appeared quite good for an ore
processing plant.
Hazardous Materials
The major hazardous raw materials handled at Mutual Chrome include
sulfuric acid, oleum, and ammonia. In addition, various chromate and dichromate
chemical products fall into the hazardous materials category.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Sulfuric acid (66° Be) and oleum (> 100% H2SO4) are received by barge,
with each unloaded into an individual 75,000-gal. tank. The unloading rates are
typically in the range of 200 to 300 tons per hour. Barge shipments of -approxi-
mately 1000 tons are received weekly. Anhydrous ammonia is used intermittently
upon demand in which case it is used directly from the tank car. Liquid potassium
hydroxide is used infrequently, also directly from the tank car. The plant also
serves as a transshipping plant for Allied Chemicals 50% sodium hydroxide
solutions, and from 7 to 10 tank cars per month are off-loaded into tank trucks.
The barge unloading area has flexible hoses, and the pipeline to the sulfuric acid
tanks is relatively short. A fuel oil tank is surrounded with a high concrete wall
over which all piping goes; many other tanks are in curbed areas, but no other
tanks are diked as the oil tank.
Other tankages which exist at this plant are listed below:
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1 - 75,000-gal. tank, approximately 25% sodium bichromate
2 - 80,000-gal. tanks - sodium chromate
2 — 40,000-gal. tanks — mixed chromates
6 — 10,000-gal. tanks — mixed chromates
2 — 30,000-gal. tanks — weak dichromates
1 - 10,000-gal. tank - treating solutions
1 - 10,000-gal. catch-all tank
1 - 6,500-gal mix tank
1 — 8,000-gal. chemical run tank
1 - 15,000-gal. in-process sulfuric acid tank.
Past Spill Experience
This plant has had difficulties in the past due to chromium chemicals
entering the surrounding waters. The personnel admitted, quite frankly, that these
spills were caused by poor attention to operating details, problems during startup
operations of new processes, and inadequate retention of the small leaks and spills
that occur in the normal operation of liquid-handling processes. Large spills from
storage tanks have never occurred, according to the plant personnel contacted.
Spill Control Plans
The plant plans to install more curbed areas and to eliminate all potentials
for process spills escaping from off the premises. The unloading facilities appear
adequate, but are not especially outstanding. Apparently the plant is operated in
a manner which brings it little trouble from the Maryland Department of Water
Resources. Surface drainage from the area enters the harbor. Any catastrophic
spill, such as a rupture of one or more larger tanks, would enter the harbor.
The plant has a well-documented action plan for dealing with hazardous and
catastrophic accidents. The plan, dated August 1969, included information such as
individual persons, lines of authority, local authorities, and the like. Although
certain improvements could be made in housekeeping and appearance, the general
impression is that the operational procedures are reasonably tight and that the
professed plans have been directed toward abating past pollutional excesses.
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Photo Courtesy of Air Photographies, Inc.
FIGURE 12 AERIAL VIEW OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, HARBOR SHOWING GENERAL
LOCATION OF MUTUAL CHROME, ALLIED CHEMICAL COMPANY PLANT
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Hynson, Westcott and Dunning
1030 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. C. Baxter McLaughlin, Product Manager
Date of Survey: September 16, 1970
Property Description
The Hynson, Westcott and Dunning property is located near the heart of the
city in a section near hotels and professional buildings. Its external appearance
belies the fact that it is a manufacturing plant. All spills or drainage go into the
Baltimore city sewers. We were not permitted to inspect the manufacturing
facilities.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled at the plant include:
• Glacial acetic acid • Acetone
• Bromine • Various Pharmaceuticals
• Sulfuric acid • Mercury compounds
Bulk Storage Facilities
The raw materials are received in carboy and drum lots, so there is no bulk
storage. The amounts used annually were estimated as follows:
Glacial acetic acid 600-700 Ib/yr
Bromine 1000-1200 Ib/yr
Sulfuric acid 4500 Ib/yr
Sodium hydroxide (flake) 3500 Ib/yr
Past Spill Experience
The company has been cited for spills by the Department of Water Resources
Hue to the entrance of highly colored dyes, such as fluorescein, into the harbor
through storm drains.
Spill Control Plan
The company is having a collection and neutralization system installed in
response to a citation by the Department of Water Resources, and is making
orovisions for putting the treated waste water from this system into the sanitary
sewerage system of Baltimore.
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National Starch Company
700 South Caton
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. George Meily, Plant Superintendent
Date of Survey: September 15, 1970
Property Description
The National Starch Company plant is located on an elevated area quite a
distance from the street; however, there appears to be little plant security.
Cooling water and boiler blowdown drain from an area behind the plant and
ultimately to Maiden's Choice Run which empties into the Middle Branch of the
Patapsco River.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled at National Starch include:
• Formaldehyde
• Hydrochloric acid
• Mercury compounds
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
There are no bulk storage facilities at National Starch, since its demands for
hazardous materials are met by shipments involving 55-gal. drum lots. The
maximum usage rate is two or three drums per week.
Past Spill Experience
No spills have occurred.
Spill Control Plan
A spill control plan exists only for protection of personnel. Volumes handled
indicate that spill potential is minimal.
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Olin Corporation
Curtis Bay Plant
5501 Pennington Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland
Contacts: Mr. Moon, Plant Manager
Mr. Charles Estep, Facilities Engineer
Date of Survey: September 17, 1970
Property Description
The Olin Corporation plant is located on Curtis Bay and has its own dock
facilities. Its major products are sulfuric acid and oleum. The area is bounded by
Pennington Avenue, a major industrial trucking route. Its drainage flows into
Curtis Bay and water from the bay is used for once-through (single pass) cooling
of process equipment.
Cooling water is pumped in quantities to 13,000gpm. The general appear-
ance of the plant indicates good maintenance, and obsolete facilities are being
removed to maintain the appearance.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled at the Olin Corporation include:
• Molten sulfur
• Sulfuric acid
• Sodium hydroxide.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Molten sulfur is received from tank ships and transferred into two tanks,
each capable of storing 12,500 tons. Sulfur is unloaded at the rate of 1500
tons/hour through steam-heated lines. The sulfur storage tanks appear to be well
maintained in an undiked storage area near Pennington Avenue and the docks. In
the event of tank failure the earth gradient would drain the acid directly into the
water course. A very limited amount of molten sulfur is transshipped in tank
trucks. Sulfur is received approximately monthly in quantities from 5000 to
20,000 tons.
Concentrated sulfuric acid and oleum are stored in quantities up to 18,000
tons. The maximum capacity of an individual tank is 5000 tons. Sulfuric acid can
be loaded aboard barges at rates up to 400 tons/hour. Three to five barges per
month are loaded in the range of 1500 to 2500 tons. Some 30 to 40 barges,
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Arthur D Little Inc
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carrying up to 150 tons, may be loaded per month. Tank car shipments average
15 per month, while tank truck loadings vary between 100 and 150 per month.
Spent acid is collected at this plant for barge shipment to other Olin plants, and
some 30 to 40 tank truck shipments per month are received. The barge-loading
facilities for sulfuric acid are separated from the sulfur unloading facilities. The
acid is pumped through overhead lines aboard the barges through swing-joint
pipes, with a manually operated valve located at the base of the swing-joint
assembly. The operator responsible for loading has the stop-start station for the
loading pump located near the shut-off valve.
Past Spill Experience
No spill of any significance has ever occurred in the plant.
Spill Control Plan
During unloading, both Olin and ship crew members are responsible for
visual monitoring of the unloading lines. The dock is equipped with warning lights
as required by the U.S. Coast Guard Regulation 1-21-16, dated January 1968,
regarding security of vessel and waterfront facilities. These lights are to warn of
the loading or unloading of hazardous cargoes.
The return stream is monitored for pH, and should an acid leak occur, the
plant is shut down for repair. Supervisory personnel are present on an around-
the-clock basis at the plant. The general appearance of the plant indicates good
housekeeping operations, and we judge the potential for a hazardous spill to be
minimal.
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FMC Corporation — Baltimore Plant
Organic Chemicals Division
1701 East Patapsco Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland
Contact: Mr. J. Ford Wilson, Manager
Date of Survey:
Property Description
September 17, 1970
The FMC Corporation plant at Baltimore is located on Curtis Bay. Although
a slip exists alongside the plant, it appears unused, since shipments to and from
the plant are made by truck and rail. Various processing areas are scattered
throughout the area which is well secured from the land side. Area drainage goes
into Curtis Bay from a number of points.
Hazardous Materials, Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
A large number of organic chemicals are handled and manufactured. A listing
of the storage capacities of the major chemicals follows:
Ethanol
Methanol
Methylene di-bromide
Toluene
Anhydrous ammonia
50% sodium hydroxide
66° Be"H2SO4
Hydrochloric acid
Aniline
Allyl alcohol
Chlorosulfonic Acid
Dimethyl succinate
Diketene
Orthonitrophenol
Sodium ethylate
Ethyl acetate
Aqua ammonia
Methyl di-bromide
Sodium nitrite
Diethylcarbonyl
10 - 10,000-gal.
6 - 10,000-gal.
1 - 7,800-gal.
2- 13,000-gal.
1 - 20,000-gal.
4 - 10,000-gal.
3 -21,000-gal.
1 - 10,000-gal.
1 - 15,000-gal.
3 - 10,000-gal.
1 - 8,000-gal.
8 - 10,000-gal.
1 - 5,000-gal.
1 - 10,000-gal.
1 - 8,000-gal.
1 - 14,000-gal
2 - 10,000-gal
1 - 16,000-gal
1 - 14,000-gal,
1 - 8,500-gal
1 - 15,000-gal
2 - 10,000-gal
tanks
tanks
tank
tanks
refrigerated tank
tanks
tanks
tank
tank
tanks
tank
tanks
tank
tank
tank
tank
tanks
tank
tank
tank
, tank
, tanks
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Di-allyl phthalate monomers 8 - 10,000-gal. tanks
Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine 2 - 50,000-gal. tanks
Ethyl and methyl chloroformate 3 - 10,000-gal. tanks
Methyl chloride 2 - 10,000-gal. tanks
Other chemicals handled in drum lots and occasional tank cars are:
Butyl carbitol Orthotoluidine
Diethyl amine Trichlorobenzene
Monochlorobenzene Triethylamine
Orthochloraniline
Several tanks are located in diked areas, but there is no effort being
expended to ensure that the volume in the diked areas is greater than the sum of
the stored volumes.
Past Spill Experience
Plant spill experience has been limited to relatively small quantities in
process areas and from hoses and lines at loading points. Because of the diversity
and economic value of the chemicals, in addition to the hazardous natures, these
are removed and recovered in many instances. According to management, no large
spills have occurred at the plant, at least in the last 15 years.
Spill Control Plans
Many tanks are located in curbed areas. Diked areas with drains which must
be manually actuated run off into the bay. If a large spill occurred in a diked
area, it would be removed by pumps and trucks for treatment or disposal. The
plant has a supervisor for all shifts around the clock, and has its own fire and
security departments which are continually making plant inspections.
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Procter and Gamble
1422 North Nicholson
Baltimore, Maryland
Contacts: Mr. Richard C. Smith, Plant Manager
Mr. J. M. Davidson, Plant Engineer
Date of Survey: September 17, 1970
Property Description
The Procter and Gamble (P&G) plant, shown in Figures 13 and 14, is
located on the Patapsco River and receives shipments by truck, rail, barge, and
ocean vessel. Normal drainage goes into the Patapsco River; however, much of the
plant area drains to collecting sumps within the plant for treatment or recovery
before entering the sanitary sewer system of Baltimore.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled at P&G include:
• Oil, such as coconut • Liquid sulfur trioxide
• Sodium hydroxide • Phosphoric acid, and
• Sulfuric acid • Aqua ammonia.
• Glycerine
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The largest shipments by water are coconut oil, and the only other material
received by water is 50% sodium hydroxide. There are many storage tanks
situated throughout the plant both indoors and outdoors. An undiked tank farm,
probably 600 feet from the nearest slip, contains 18 tanks of various sizes for the
storage of coconut oil and various other oils and products. The two largest tanks
are estimated to contain about 500,000 gallons, the next two tanks about
300,000 gallons, eight tanks of approximately 150,000 gallons, and six between 5
and 100,000 gallons. Oil is pumped through overhead lines through the plant to
the farm. Fifty percent caustic is stored in four tanks near the pier; each tank is
estimated to have a capacity of about 500,000 gallons. Two other caustic tanks of
nearly the same capacity are located within the plant complex.
Sulfuric acid (oleum) is stored in three tanks estimated to have a capacity of
50.000 to 60,000 gallons each. Phosphoric acid is stored in a tank with an
estimated capacity of 10,000 gallons, and the same size tank is used for storage of
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liquid sulfur trioxide. Aqua ammonia storage is handled by a single 15,000-gal.
tank. The glycerine produced is stored in two tanks, each having an estimated
capacity of 400,000 gallons. Sodium nitrate and caustic mixes are made and
stored in three tanks, each of which has an estimated maximum capacity of
100,000 gallons.
Barge shipments of caustic are estimated to be received about every six
weeks. Tank cars and tank truck loadings and unload ings are too frequent to
document; of course, typical transfer rates are under 100 gpm. Caustic unloading
piping is approximately 4 inches in diameter, which means ultimate unloading
rates of probably 200 tons/hour maximum.
Past Spill Experience
Troublesome past spills consisted of detergents which, when they entered
waterways, were easily seen, even in small quantities, e.g., excess foam. The spills
usually took place in process areas and occurred when less attention was given to
operational details prior to institution of the recently initiated spill control plans
outlined below. Besides the adverse publicity resulting from such a spill, the mere
expense of the products, of course, would have dictated that considerable atten-
tion be given to controlling spills in the past.
Spill Control Plans
P&G is making every effort to adopt an operational philosophy based on
containing any spilled materials on its property in such a manner that releases to
water courses will be known and controlled. We were shown plans for installing
sumps within the plant to collect possible spills, and told that the present storm
drain system is being revised. Drains from the dock surface into the harbor are
being sealed off and any spillage will be forced to enter plant sumps. P&G is
spending considerable money to ensure against spills entering the water courses.
Because of the value of the materials involved, building sumps are pumped to
collection and recovery areas before waste-water discharges are put into the
sanitary sewage system under permit from the city. Once-through cooling water is
used in the plant and a small amount of BOD is added to this water from process
components, such as barometric condensers. Space limitations prevent diking tank
storage areas in a manner which would contain the entire liquid volume; however.
plans are under way to install dikes which would be capable of containing the
liquid volume of the largest tank in a complex.
Around-the-clock supervisory personnel are on duty at the plant, and it
appears that operational procedures exist for minimizing and controlling spills.
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Photo Courtesy of Air Photographies, Inc.
FIGURE 13
AERIAL VIEW OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. HARBOR SHOWING
GENERAL LOCATION OF PROCTER & GAMBLE, NATIONAL
MOLASSES, AND UNIROYAL PLANTS
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-
FIGURE 14 AERIAL VIEW OF PROCTER & GAMBLE PLANT, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
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Lever Brothers
5300 Holabird Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland
Contacts: Mr. Wm. Wilson, Asst. Plant Manager
Mr. Harlan Hyde, Plant Engineer
Date of Survey: September 18, 1970
Property Description
The Lever Brothers plant is located in an industrial area, is well maintained,
has good security fencing, but is not located on any water course. Its natural
drainage goes into storm sewers which empty into the water course. All shipments
are made by rail or truck. It manufactures a large line of soaps and syndets.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled by Lever Brothers include:
• Coconut oil • Hydrochloric acid
• Sodium hydroxide • Fatty alcohols, and
• Sulfuric acid • Aqua ammonia
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Because of the large number of storage tanks holding raw materials, in-
process materials, and products, we were unable to secure a list of tank storage
volumes. We were told that coconut oil is stored in tanks with capacities of up to
2.5 million pounds, and that 50% sodium hydroxide is stored in quantities up to
500,000 pounds.
Past Spill Experience
The most significant spill at Lever Brothers occurred when process materials
were spilled into the sewer system, plugging the sewers and causing floods in a lot
used to store new General Motors cars. Because of the liability damages incurred
at that time, the plant installed a collecting basin in which oils and solids could be
retained before waste waters entered the city sewage system.
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Arthur D Little, Inc.
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Spill Control Plan
The Lever Brothers plant has elaborate drainage systems with provisions
made to reprocess most spills. Lever Brothers' policy is to keep everything on its
premises, other than the waste waters which can be monitored as they enter the
sanitary sewage system of the city. The provisions that have been made to retain
and prevent uncontrolled spills from leaving the premises appear to be well
devised and operable. A large number of rail car unloading stations exist as well as
a large number of tank truck stations. Some tanks are located in diked areas,
other than fuel oil; however, a large number is located either in undiked or curbed
areas.
This plant appears to have one of the best developed systems for handling
product and raw material spills of any plant visited in the Baltimore area. In many
of the process areas, curbed areas are provided with drainage to collection sumps
equipped with level-control pumps that direct spillage into interim holding tanks
from which it is usually returned to the process. Provisions have been made in
certain areas for the collection of rainwater and its introduction into processes
since small amounts of spilled detergents could be washed from the area. Drain
pans have been placed under all bottling lines so that spilled materials can be
collected for reprocessing along with washdown waters. In-building and area
drainages are designed to go through a limited number of points where monitoring
and control are possible. As previously mentioned, it is the objective of the plant
to either retain all materials on the property or to monitor discharges for record
purposes.
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M&T Chemicals
Subsidiary of American Can
1900 Chesapeake Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland
Contacts: Mr. James Feorine, Plant Manager
Mr. Richard Rush, Production Supervisor
Mr. Arnold Wasser, Corporate Environmental Officer
Date of Survey: September 19, 1970
Property Descriptions
The M&T Chemicals plant handles tin-plated steel scrap for recovery of tin
and various ores. The accumulated scrap metal does not lend itself to good
housekeeping. However, the operation appears well maintained. There is no
frontage on Curtis Bay, although the plant's drainage terminates in the Bay. All
materials are received and shipped by truck.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled by M&T Chemicals include:
• Sodium hydroxide
• Sodium nitrite solution, and
• Various process solutions of chromium, tin, and antimony.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
All liquids are received via tank trucks. The following tanks, volumes, and
materials stored were presented:
50% sodium hydroxide 1 - 19,500-gal. tank
Sodium nitrite solution 1 - 9,500 - gal. tank
Settling tanks - various
process solutions 6 - 22,500-gal. tanks
Sodium antimonate 2 - 4,700 - gal. wooden tanks
(all of the sodium 1 - 6,750 - gal. wooden tank
antimonate tanks 1 - 3,000-gal. wooden tank
are in buildings)
Caustic shipment and sodium nitrite shipments are made at a rate of
approximately one tank truck per week. Chromium chemicals, antimony, and
strontium ores are brought into the plant as solids. Mixtures of chemical for
plating baths are shipped out in drums as solids.
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Past Spill Experience
Small process spills from pumps and overflowing tanks in process areas have
caused high concentrations in waste waters.
Spill Control Plan
All process areas are sumped and overflows are returned to process. Ob-
viously, catastrophic spills, such as tank rupture, for example, might escape from
the building. Process tanks have low- and high-level liquid alarms. The plant has a
settling pond, but it is used primarily for holding the solids from the process. The
plant has supervisory personnel on duty around-the-clock because of its con-
tinuous electrolytic tin-recovery operations.
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C. SUISUN BAY-DELTA, CALIFORNIA
The final section of the Sacramento River, below its confluence with the
Sacramento Ship Canal and, further below, at its confluence with the San Joaquin
River, was the actual site of the California survey (Figure 15). At this point, the
river has traveled slightly less than 400 miles from its source in the Klamouth
Mountains near Mt. Shasta. For most of its length, the river flows in a southerly
direction. At the City of Sacramento, the river begins to move westward, with its
final course flowing due West past the towns of Antioch, Pittsburg, Port Chicago,
Martinez, Crockett, and Benecia on the river's northern bank. After passing
through Suisun Bay, the flow passes through the Carquinez Strait into San Pablo
Bay, thence to San Pablo Strait into San Francisco Bay.
Transportation
Marine access up the river to Antioch is gained through a series of channels
ov varying depths, i.e.:
Depth at Middle Half
Channel of Channel (feet)
Suisun Pt. Reach 34.4
Bulls Head 35.6
East Head 31.7
Pt. Edith Crossing Range 31.6
Preston Point Reach 29.9
Roe Island 30.8
Port Chicago Reach 31.5
Middle Ground Channel
West Reach 30.5
East Reach 30.4
The Southern Pacific Company Railroad and its connecting systems service
the area, and there are numerous automotive trucking concerns in the San
Francisco Bay area.
Drainage
Rolling agricultural countryside runs along the banks of the river, with
industrial complexes immediately adjacent to the river (Figure 15). Natural water
drainage empties into the Suisun Bay Delta and, on occasion, extensive floods
have been experienced, with muddied waters visible as far as 30 miles off shore in
the area of the Farallon Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The average annual rainfall
for the area has been recorded at 18 inches.
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~
X
I
D
^
fT
•^ Travis Air force B
Marin Coun
Novato
Golden Gate
San Francis
Oakland
International
San Francisco
Bay
oulh San Francisco
San Francisco
International
Major Industries from Mouth of San Joaquin River
to Western San Pablo Bay
1 du Pont
2. Crown Zellerbach
3. Kaiser Gypsum
4. Fibreboard
5. Dow Chemical
6. United Stales Sleel
7. Johns Manville
8. P.G.&E.
9. Interpace
10. Douglas Continental
Oil
11. Shell Chemical
12. Allied Chemica
13. Western States
Chem Co.
14. Monsanto
15. Phillips Petroleum
16. Allied Chemical
17. Shell Oil Co.
18. Time Oil
19 Humble Oil
20. Benicia Industrial Park
21. Carbon Products
(Union Oil)
22. American Smelting
23. Union Oil Co.
Gulf
of the
Farallones
Half Moon Bay
PACIFIC OCEAN
FIGURE 15 AREA OF SURVEY CONDUCTED IN SUISUN BAY-DELTA, CALIFORNIA
-------
Spill Incidents
The record of spill incidents for the entire San Francisco Bay area in 1968
and 1969 are presented in Tables 9 and 10, respectively. The Suisun Bay-Delta
area has had a total of 32 reported spills in the past two years. However, many
chemical spills could have gone undetected and unrecorded, except for the "fish
kills" which occurred.
The waterbody does not give an objectionable appearance, largely due to the
constant flushing action of the Sacramento River. The contaminants would,
however, be cumulative in San Pablo and San Francisco Bay due to the restricted
opening to the open sea afforded by the Golden Gate.
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TABLE 9
REPORTED OIL AND OTHER SPILL INCIDENTS IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION IN 19683
—
0
Month
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul
Aug
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
Notes:
Number
of
Incidents
17
14
10
7
12
12
12
10
4
7
7
7
119
Suiiun Bay- San Pablo
Delta Area Bay
1 1
1 2
1 0
1 1
1 1
0 0
0 1
2 2
1 0
2 0
2 3
0 2
12 13
Location0
North Central
Bay Bay
2 12
2 7
2 6
0 5
1 9
2 10
2 7
3 2
1 2
2 3
2 0
3 2
22 65
Lower South
Bay Bay
0 0
0 1
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 3
Stream
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
Number of
Source Material Citations
Issued by
Land Vessel Unknown Oil Other SDF&Gb
86 3 13 4 4
64 4 13 1 2
45 191 5
25 061 4
39 0 11 1 5
46 2 11 1 2
65 1 93 3
24 4 82 2
21 1 40 1
14 2 70 5
43 070 7
23 261 3
44 55 20 104 15 43
a. Spill incidents were reported to the Regional Board office by telephone and/orFish and Game WLP-519, entitled, "Initial Pollution Report."
b. SDF&G =
State Department of Fish and Game
c The shipping wharfs of various refineries are located
r-+
C
D
r-
*— *
O
Source:
in various bays as follows:
Suisun Bay - Humble Oil Company, Phillips Petroleum Company, and Shell Oil Company
San Pablo Bay - Sequoia Refining Corporation and Union Oil Company
North San Francisco Bay - Standard Oil Company
State of California, San Francisco Bay Region, Water Quality Control Board
-------
TABLE 10
REPORTED OIL AND OTHER SPILL INCIDENTS IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION IN 1969*
Month
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
Number
of
Incidents
10
17
IS
13
23
11
16
11
23
23
12
12
186
Location0
Sunun Bay-
Delta Area
0
2
2
1
0
2
2
2
5
2
0
2
20
San Pablo
Bay
1
2
5
1
2
3
4
1
0
3
0
3
25
North
Bay
4
5
3
6
5
1
0
0
3
2
6
1
36
Central
Bay
4
8
3
5
14
4
8
7
12
11
5
4
85
Lower
Bay
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
South
Bay
1
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
7
Stream
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
1
5
1
1
12
Land
6
6
9
4
4
4
8
3
6
12
6
4
72
Source
Venel
2
7
2
S
10
3
6
7
t3
4
5
4
68
Material
Unknown
2
4
4
4
9
4
2
1
4
7
1
4
46
Oil
8
17
12
13
17
11
12
7
19
15
11
12
154
Other
2
0
3
0
6
0
4
4
4
8
1
0
32
Mumberof
Citations
Issued by
SDF&Gb
2
2
2
5
6
3
4
1
3
5
3
3
38
>
-1
«—»
c
Notes: a. Spill incidents were reported to the Regional Board office by telephone and/or Fish and Game WLP-519 entitled. "Initial Pollution Report."
b. SDF&G = State Department of Fish and Game
c The shipping wharfs of various refineries are located in various bays as follows: Suisun Bay - Humble Oil Company. Phillips Petroleum Company, and Shell Oil Company
San Pablo Bay - Sequoia Refining Corporation and Union Oil Company
North San Francisco Bay - Standard Oil Company
Source: State of California. San Francisco Bay Region. Water Quality Control Board
-------
California and Hawaiian Sugar Company
830 Lor ing Avenue
Crockett, California
Contacts: Dr. Philip F. Meads, Technical Director
Mr. Henry C. Strecker, Chief Chemist - Quality Control
Date of Survey: October 27, 1970
Property Description
The "C and H Sugar" plant located on Carquinez Strait, where the Sac-
ramento River empties into the San Pablo Bay and thence into San Francisco Bay,
is the world's largest sugar refinery. In a 27-acre floor space the plant produces
consumer, institutional, and industrial granulated, brown, powdered, and spe-
cialty sugars, as well as tablets and cubelets, and a full line of manufacturers'
grades of granulated and liquid sugars, both in bulk and packaged form. The bulk
raw cane sugar is delivered by cargo ships from Hawaii. A granary elevator and
belted conveyor unloading system transports the raw material from the ship into
large storage hoppers from which it passes into production. The maximum
production averages 4200 tons of refined sugar and 40 tons of molasses per day,
the production period running 10 out of every 14 days. The plant's industrial
waste drainage involves a total of 21 outfalls that discharge into the Carquinez
Strait, as illustrated in Figure 16, and described in Appendix E. All outfalls have
shutoff valves, some of which are locked and opened only under controlled
conditions.
Hazardous Materials
Materials used at the C and H sugar plant, which if spilled in quantity could
degrade the natural water quality, include:
• Bagged lime — delivered by truck,
• Phosphoric acid - delivered by truck,
• Liquid sugar — processed material,
• Bagged diatomaceous earth - delivered by truck and train,
• Bagged bone charcoal - delivered by truck and train, and
• A limited quantity of descaling chemicals, such as soda
ash, which are used to clean production lines, but which
are neutralized before discharge into the Strait.
A dry refined-sugar marine loading facility is used by vessels of the Bay and
River Navigation Co. The in-harbor vessels deliver the products to nearby Rich-
mond, San Francisco, and Oakland, on a maximum twice-a-day sailing schedule.
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CAROUINEZ
S T RAIT
*
UNITED STATES PIERHEM) AND BULKHEAD LINE ]
AND HAWAIIAN SUGAR
//'/"////"/
RCNOUSE N01
OUTF»LLS E
OUTF4U.5 «DOED 9r I? " '0 O
D
C
FIGURE 16 GENERAL LAYOUT OF CALIFORNIA AND HAWAIIAN SUGAR REFINING
CORPORATION PROPERTIES, CROCKETT, CALIFORNIA
-------
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The bulk storage tanks are above-ground, undiked installations. The tanks in
evidence and utilized by the plant have the following capacities:
Liquid Sugar Storage
1,2 — 1 million gallons each.
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 - empty, not currently in service.
9 - 260,000 gallons
10- 240,000 gallons
12 - 13,000 to 160,000 gallons
14 - holding tank.
15 -250,000 gallons.
There is also a 10,000-gal. capacity stainless-steel tank used for the storage of
phosphoric acid, and a 25,000-bbl boiler fuel oil storage tank.
Note: Tanks 13 and 15 are located on land leased from the
Railroad Corporation. All tanks are epoxy-lined, and are
internally inspected on an annual basis to determine the
condition of the inner lining.
Past Spill Experience
There have been no sudden and accidental spills which, to the knowledge of
plant management, have in any way damaged the marine environment or degraded
the ecology of the area. The state records indicate a l-bbl bunker oil spill when
the S.S. Hawaiian Builder was bunkering on June 23, 1969, and a milky white
discharge from the plant was also recorded on October 24, 1969.
Spill Control Plan
Under the control of the State of California Regional Water Quality Control
Board, San Francisco Region, the plant operates on a self-monitoring system of
effluent discharge. This involves in-house and outside laboratory analysis of the
waste water, and submittal of a quarterly analytical report to the Water Quality
Control Board. In the event of a spill, the plant would immediately contact the
local Water Quality Control Board, and would be guided by their direction in
rectifying spill damage.
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Johns-Manville Products Corporation
P.O. Box 591
Pittsburg, California 94565
Contacts: Mr. Al C. Pennewell, Plant Manager
Mr. Saul H. Bernstein, Paper Mill Production Superintendent
Mr. Charles Beaney, Plant Engineer
Date of Survey: October 28, 1970
Property Description
The Johns-Manville plant is located in the downtown area of Pittsburg, one
block from the Sacramento River. Figure 17 is a plot plan of the plant. The
production area is essentially flat. The plant can be divided into four working
areas: a paper mill; a roofing manufacturing area; an asbestos shingle production
area; and a flexboard and corrugated transite manufacturing operation. There is a
48-inch storm drainage line which runs along the side of the plant and then
empties into the river. Sanitary, process, and cooling water is pumped to the city
sewer system.
Hazardous Chemicals
This plant produces asbestos paper, asphalt shingles and roofing, corrugated
asbestos-cement sheets, asbestos insulating cements, and roofing coatings.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant has three (two 25,000-gal. and one 50,000-gal.) steam-traced tanks
for storage of asphalt. These tanks have no safeguards, but cutting down the
steam-tracing causes the asphalt to set up, thus creating, in fact, a spill prevention
condition. The plant also has a 50,000-gal. capacity storage tank which holds only
10,000 gallons of fuel oil for emergency purposes. There is no diking, and the area
where there is a storm drain lies 200 yards away from the tank.
In addition, the plant has two 5,000-gal. storage tanks, sitting six to eight
feet above the ground, which contain "cutback," a free-flowing, asphalt-base
material. There are no spill-containment methods for these tanks; however, the
tanks are located approximately 200 yards from the nearest storm drain. There
are no underground storage tanks. All materials enter and leave the plant by truck
or rail. There is no waterborne movement of material. The asphalt enters the plant
by truck only. Ninety percent of the products are shipped by truck.
Past Spill Experience
The plant was on strike when this survey was undertaken. There have been
no spills of record. Periodically, there may be some small spillage; however, this
facility has very little spill potential.
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FIGURE 17 GENERAL LAYOUT OF JOHNS-MANVILLE PRODUCTS CORPORATION PLANT, PITTSBURG, CALIFORNIA
R
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Monsanto Company
Martinez, California
Contacts: Mr. V.T. Matteuci, Plant Manager
Mr. W. L. Germain, Technical Supervisor
Date of Survey: October 28, 1970
Property Description
The Monsanto Company plant (Figure 18) at Martinez is one of its smaller
plants. It is located adjacent to the Phillips Petroleum-Avon refinery, approxi-
mately one mile from Suisun Bay. It immediately borders a slough that flows into
Suisun Bay. It produces:
• Sulfuric acid
• Sulfur
• Catalysts.
The waste-water disposal system, as approved by the Regional Water Quality
Control Board, consists of a network of sewers which collect all effluent and
drainage from the plant site. This waste water is collected in a sump and pumped
by a double-pump system to the Phillips-Avon refinery for treatment in the
Phillips waste-water treatment system. The plant has no marine facilities and
considers its bulk storage and loading facilities to be minimal.
Hazardous Materials
The following is a listing of the bulk, liquid chemicals stored, transported
and processed by the plant and the percentages shipped by various modes of
transportation:
Chemical Rail Truck Marine
Sulfur 0% 100% 0%
Sulfuric acid 2% 45% 0%
Potassium hydroxide 0% 100% 0%
Potassium silicate not shipped
Diethanolamine 0% 100% 0%
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Photo Courtesy of Air-Photo Company, Inc.
FIGURE 18 AERIAL VIEW OF SUISUN BAY-DELTA AREA SHOWING GENERAL
LOCATION OF MONSANTO COMPANY PLANT, AVON,
CALIFORNIA
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
All storage tanks are above-ground installations. Secondary means of con-
tainment are not provided, but the plant's trenching system could handle a major
spill and direct same to the Phillips Petroleum waste-water treatment facility.
Storage capacities are as follows:
• Sulfur - 600,000-gal.
• Sulfuric acid - 640,000-gal.
• Potassium hydroxide - 12,000-gal.
• Potassium silicate - 12,000-gal.
• Diethanolamine - 80,000-gal.
The annual consumption of these chemicals is company confidential. There are no
buried tanks or pipelines.
Past Spill Experience
The plant has never experienced a major chemical spill. Management con-
siders that the possibility of "a major spill is highly unlikely."
Spill Control Plan
Thery is no formal spill control plan, but any minor spills that might occur
could be contained within the limits of the waste-disposal trenches and treating
system. Acid spills would be treated with caustic and/or washed with large
volumes of water for dilution (caustic was not included on the plant's listing of
hazardous materials).
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Shell Oil Company
1801 Escobar Street (P. O. Box 711)
Martinez, California
Contact: Mr. A. P. Cupit, Administrative Superintendent
Mr. R. M. Thompson, Mgr., Air and Water Conservation
Date of Survey: October 28, 1970
Property Description
The Shell Oil Company (Figure 19) is a 100,000-bbl per day refinery
producing agricultural spray oils, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oils, asphalt, kerosene,
lubricating oil, naphthas, road oils, cleaning fluids, solvents, stove oils, and
greases. The plant is located in an elevated position on the south side of Suisun
Bay. It has a closed drainage system of waste sewers, all of which pass through an
API oil/water separator. The separator has an open and closed bay which allows
the use of scrapers to remove surface oil and bottom sediments. The pH is
controlled with acid and/or caustic and flocculants such as iron or aluminum
sulfate. The waste water then passes through air flotation clarification units. The
clarified effluent is then held in a treatment pond preparatory to being pumped
through a deep-water (35 feet) diffuser. The final discharge into the river is made
on a programmed cycle, set to match the tidal flow in the river. The rate of final
discharge varies from 3000 to 10,000 gpm to match the rate of tidal flow and to
gain a dilution factor in excess of 100 to 1 at the edge of the rising plume from
the subsurface discharge in the river. Samples of the effluent are taken weekly to
determine the biological oxygen demand (BOD), metal content, fish toxicity, and
dissolved grease. The analysis is conducted partially in-house and partially by an
independent analytical laboratory, the latter conducting the biological testing
phase.
Monthly reports are submitted to the State Water Quality Control Board
which may also ask for spot-sampling on an unscheduled basis. In addition to the
main water treatment ponds, the plant has four diversion ponds, having dimen-
sions of 150 by 50 by 6-10 feet. The diversion ponds provide a 24-hour holding
capacity. The facility also provides a storm water pond 300 by 400 by 10 feet in
dimension.
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• ff-
ES"
Photo Courtesy of Air-Photo Company, Inc.
FIGURE 19 AERIAL VIEW OF SUISUN BAY-DELTA SHOWING GENERAL
LOCATION OF SHELL OIL COMPANY PLANT. MARTINEZ,
CALIFORNIA
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Hazardous Materials
In addition to the petroleum-based products, the following production
chemicals are used at Shell Oil:
• Sulfuric acid - received by both tank truck and tank car,
• Filter clay - 100-lb bags received by truck,
• Miscellaneous organic chemicals (viscosity improvers) -
tetra-ethyl, lead, soaps, lithium stearates, and caustic -
received by tank car,
• Lime and milk of lime (slurry) - received by tank truck,
• Bulk rock salt - received by truck,
• Commercial inhibitors (NALCO) - received in paper car-
tons by truck,
• Dow liquid chlorine (for cooling water systems) - received
in 1-ton containers by truck,
• Ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate (flocculants) - re-
ceived by truck,
• Liquid sulfur dioxide (for extraction process) - shipped
from Dow Chemical or local smelters by truck,
• Furfuraldehyde (solvent) - received in drums by truck,
• Diethanolamine (for scrubbing gases) - received by truck,
• Miscellaneous cracking catalysts (heavier than water,
similar to diatomaceous earth) - received by truck.
Bulk storage capacities and annual consumption of chemicals are considered to be
company confidential information, and were not made available.
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant has no buried pipelines, tanks, or flexible hose lines. All petroleum
product storage tanks have diked enclosures; a number of chemical storage tanks
do not have this protection. When provided, the dikes have concrete reinforce-
ment on the inside. The exterior surfaces are protected from erosion by a coating
of "flux" that is actually cut back asphalt which coagulates when the solvent
content evaporates. Since all tanks are at elevated locations, the hillsides have
been stabilized with the same material. The Engineering Services Department has
established a regular inspection program for all vessels, tanks, and vessels contain-
ing materials at pressures above static. Such vessels are also subjected to regular
inspection by the representatives of the plant's insurance carrier.
Process vessels are subjected to non-destructive tests on a frequency deter-
mined by past experience. Sulfuric acid tanks are subjected to testing annually.
From a fail-safe standpoint, all dike enclosure draining is monitored; product
transfer lines are equipped with pressure-drop, shut-off controls; and one-way
flow check valves are installed on all sulfuric acid fill lines.
Past Spill Experience
The plant has not had any hazardous material spills since 1964, this being as
far back as the plant contacts could recall. A number of petroleum product spills
were found in the state records, viz.:
6/17/69 - Fuel oil spill when bunkering S. S. Andrew Jackson
7/7769 - Failure to properly close valve after loading caused
oil spill into Carquinez Strait
8/13/69 - Opened wrong valve and spilled between 1-4 bbl of
oil, while loading S.S. Catawba Ford
9/8/69 - One-bbl fuel oil spill from S. S. Barbara
9/15/69 — Three-bbl oil spill occurred when loading S. S.
Millspring
6/30/70- Jet fuel spill (10-15-bbl) when barge buckled
during loading operation.
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Spill Control Plan
The plant has a regular procedure for alerting personnel and initiating action
in the event of a spill. In addition, aid can be gained from any or all of six
refineries in the area. The Western Oil and Gas Bay Area Subcommittee, which is
made up of the managers from the six refineries, is in the process of forming
either a profit or non-profit cooperative to provide mutual aid in the event of a
chemical or oil spill. The cooperative is under legal study for such items as the
"Good Samaritan Law." Until legal aspects are fully considered, only a verbal
agreement of aid is effective.
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E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
Antioch Works
Antioch, California 94509
Contact: Mr. F. J. Hodges, Plant Manager
Date of Survey: October 29, 1970
Property Description
The DuPont de Nemours & Company plant is a modern facility which pro-
duces the following products:
• Freon 11, 12,21,22, 113, and 114
• Tetra-ethyl lead
• Titanium dioxide pigment.
All three products are produced at one plant location within which each
product has its independent production area. The production areas and floors are
graded so that spilled liquids drain into a ditch system. The ditches terminate in
any of the plant's retention basins which have an 8,000,000-gal. capacity in total.
There are no by-passes around the basins. The ditches have strategically posi-
tioned traps, skimmers, and control gates. The plant operates around the clock,
seven days a week. Occasionally on holidays, one or two of the areas are shut
down, but a supervised skeleton crew is always in attendance. All of the produc-
tion areas are highly automated, with centrally located alarms, recorders, and
controllers. The drainage ditches are equipped with pH analyzers which operate
an on-site and central control room alarm. The pH values of plant effluents range
to a maximum of 9 and a low of 6. Field operators routinely inspect ditch and
basin facilities and log their observations. The inspections include pH equipment
operability and sampling of the various streams for laboratory testing.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled at the duPont de Nemours plant include:
• Sulfuric acid (various concentrations) - maximum storage.
26,200 gallons;
• Hydrochloric acid (including chemicals which form HC1
when mixed with water) - maximum storage, 162,000
gallons;
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• Hydrofluoric acid - maximum storage, 18,800 gallons;
• Caustic (including chemical blends which have a caustic
base) - maximum storage, 39,000 gallons;
• Carbon tetrachloride - maximum storage, 48,000 gallons;
• Ethylene dibromide — maximum storage, 40,000 gallons;
• Ethylene dichloride - maximum storage, 48,000 gallons;
• Kerosene — maximum storage, 8,700 gallons;
• Acetone — maximum storage, 7,000 gallons;
• Tetra-ethyl lead - maximum storage, 780,000 gallons.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant's tank installations which are all above-ground include the fol-
lowing:
Sulfuric - 5 tanks
Hydrofluoric acid - 1 tank
Hydrochloric acid — 7 tanks
Caustic - 5 tanks
Carbon tetrachloride - 1 tank
Ethylene dibromide — 1 tank
Ethylene dichloride - 1 tank (diked)
Kerosene - 1 tank (diked)
Acetone - 1 tank
Tetra-ethyl lead - 3 tanks (separately diked).
None of the diked areas has drains, and the dikes themselves are of natural
earth construction covered with a "Gunite" coating to retard erosion. In addition,
the tank pumping systems are located outside of the main diked area in an
adjacent but separately diked section. All pipelines are above-ground with the
exception of a length of liquefied natural gas line and one buried water line. One
small toluene tank is also a buried installation. The capacity of this tank was not
readily available during the survey. Scale (measuring) tanks within the plant are
equipped with earthquake protection and are spring-supported against an earth
tremor.
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Past Spill Experience
No spills of any consequence have been experienced within the plant.
Spill Control Plan
Management of each of the three production areas has developed a plan of
action that could go into effect in the event of a spill. There is constant
supervision, and in an emergency employees would be departmentally inter-
changeable. In spite of a very elaborate system of controls and fail-safe devices,
such as high- and low-liquid level alarms and even a high/high-liquid level alarm,
plant personnel realize that a storage tank could rupture — in the event of a severe
earthquake, for example. In such an event, the storage content of any diked tank
would be readily contained within the dikes. If the tank were not in a diked area,
the contents would flow into a ditch. If the earthquake did not alert operations,
the level alarm in the tank would. All of the storage tanks have high- and low-level
alarms which sound and flash in a central control room. The spilled liquid would
run down the ditch system to the effluent treatment basins which are 0.2 mile
from the closest production area. An alerted operator would arrive at the basins
and close the inlet gate, which would divert the liquid in the ditches to a
4,000,000-gal. emergency basin. Material entering the emergency basin would
remain there until it was pumped out — there is no drainage except for the basin
to overflow the dikes. Should there be a delay before an operator diverted the
ditch stream to the emergency basin, the liquid would enter the normal
1,800,000-gal. basin. The residence time for liquid entering this basin is a
minimum of 24 hours.
To enhance the described spill protection plan, further improvements that
will probably be installed during 1971 are being planned. In addition, the plant
retains the services of Dr. Ruth Patrick, Philadelphia Academy of Science, an
authority on environmental management, who conducts regular in-plant and
offshore surveys to appraise and improve waste-water and effluent treatment.
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Fibreboard Paper Products Corporation
Wilbur Avenue
Antioch, California 94509
Contact: Mr. Frank J. Lyman, Technical Superintendent
Date of Survey: October 29, 1970
Property Description
The Fibreboard Paper Products Corporation plant is located east of Antioch
on the Sacramento River, adjacent to the large Crown Zellerbach facility. The
property slants gradually toward the river. Most of the manufacturing facilities are
far removed from the waterfront. Surface drainage of the plant goes into storm
sewers which go into the river. The effluent of the plant — process water and
cooling water - is discharged directly into the river (approximately 1000 feet
offshore) after being treated for pH adjustment.
Hazardous Chemicals
The plant produces Kraft corrugated board, Kraft lines, and bleached food
board. In treating the waste water, both sulfuric acid and caustic soda are used for
pH adjustment, with all data recorded.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The plant has two well-diked storage tanks for fuel oil; one, 35,000-gal.
capacity, and the other, 120,000-gal. capacity. Each is curbed, draining to the
main effluent discharge line. The plant also has a 1,000,000-gal. plus storage tank
for handling the weak black liquor; it is classified as emergency storage. This same
tank has provisions to handle all emergency spill situations in the plant.
The only waterborne movement is fuel oil. The fuel oil barge depot is well
designed, with check valves, flanged hose connections, appropriate spill tanks, and
so forth. Alum used in the process is received by pipeline from the adjacent
Crown Zellerbach plant. The 9% caustic soda is received by pipeline from the
Dow plant near Pittsburg. Chlorine is received by tank cars, and the cars are used
as a storage facility.
Past Spill Experience
There have been no spill incidents since the plant was started.
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Spill Control Plan
The plant has very elaborate water intake and discharge systems, and very
careful control of the operation is maintained. Any anomaly is reported immedi-
ately to the local water control authorities. Excellent records are kept of the pH
value of the plant effluent. No formal spill plan has been adopted. Flexibility in
the operation allows the facility to avoid major spills.
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The Dow Chemical Company
Pittsburg, California
Contacts: Mr. Edward Elkins, Manager, Western Division Planning
Mr. David L. Bauer, Manager, Utilities and Environmental Control
Mr. Dennis Brisco, Materials Handling Field Superintendent
Date of Survey: October 29, 1970
Property Description
Operations in what is now the Dow Chemical Company plant (Figure 20)
began in 1919; Dow took it over in 1938. It should be classified as a post-World
War I facility. It is located adjacent to the United States Steel facility, approxi-
mately half way between the central business areas of Pittsburg and Antioch. The
plant is on the Sacramento River. From the entrance to the plant to the water's
edge there is a gradual sloping of about 3 feet over a distance of one-half mile.
This plant has no flooding potential. For the purposes of this analysis, the plant
has been divided as follows: dock storage and ponding; in-plant storage next to
ponding; and in-plant storage in the remainder of the plant (see Figure 20 for
areas under consideration).
Hazardous Chemicals
Dow's Pittsburg plant produces chlorine, caustic soda, chlorinated hydro-
carbons, xanthates, pesticides (antimicrobial), hydrochloric acid, protective
coatings, styrene and butadiene latex, and miscellaneous industrial organic chemi-
cals for the mineral industry.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Dow's dock storage area has 16 tanks ranging in size from 20,000 to
1,000,000 gallons. The largest tank holds 50% caustic soda, while the next largest
one holds 22° Be hydrochloric acid. The smaller tanks hold chlorinated solvents
and styrene. The tanks are properly diked and are properly cross-piped to allow
transfer where appropriate. Standard valving procedures are used in all tanks. The
ponding area adjacent to the river is the collection point for the waste water and
is the emergency area for caustic spills where they could be neutralized with acid.
The in-plant storage next to the ponding area has six tanks — 10,000 to 40,000
gallons in size, containing 10-50% NaOH. The tanks are curbed and have drainage
to the pond.
The rest of the in-plant storage is for chlorine, ammonia, latex, and alcohol.
(There are 30 of these tanks, all under 10,000-gal. capacity.) If any spilling
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Photo Courtesy of Air-Photo Company, Incorporated
FIGURE 20 AERIAL VIEW OF SUISUN BAY-DELTA AREA SHOWING GENERAL
LOCATION OF DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY PLANT, PITTSBURG,
CALIFORNIA
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occurred with the chlorine or ammonia, it would vaporize. Spilled latex would
result in a frozen ooze because of the low melting point. The alcohol tanks,
located near the rear of the plant are curbed and drain to the pond. There is no
underground storage, except the chlorine tanks.
The primary raw material movement consists of salt, which comes in by
barge and rail. The other movement consists of hydrocarbons which come in by
pipeline from nearby points. A third or less of the products is shipped by water;
most are snipped by truck. Dockside filling stations, as well as truck filling
operations, are available. Both are operated competently, using appropriate
methods.
Past Spill Experience
There have been no spills recorded in the history of the Dow plant.
Spill Control Plan
No formal spill control plans have been published. Spill division areas, such
as a holding pond for the latex operation, and a holding pond for caustic (the
pond near the river), which will allow pH adjustment before discharging, have
been provided.
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American Smelting and Refining Company
Selby, California
Contacts: Mr. Armand Labbe, Plant Manager
Date of Survey: October 30, 1970
Property Description
The American Smelting and Refining Company plant is presently being shut
down. It can be broken down into three areas: the silver and gold refinery, the
zinc smelter, and the lead smelter; associated with the lead smelters is a 35-ton
sulfuric acid plant. The greater area of the plant is taken up by the slag piles
which are — and have been - used for both fill and sweetener for the operation.
The plant area is flat. An excellent dock facility exists which makes the area a
desirable deep-water site.
Hazardous Chemicals
The plant produces sulfuric acid, liquid SO2 lead, zinc, refined silver and
gold, and associated lead and zinc smelter products. It is located across from Mare
Island. Figure 21 shows the entire facility from the air.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
In the acid plant there are five 125,000-gal. storage tanks for the 98%
sulfuric acid. They are not diked. However, in case of spills, lime from another
area of the plant is available for use to preclude any spill reaching the water area.
The plant also has one 320-ton capacity (160-ton useful capacity) liquid sulfur
dioxide tank, and two 5000-gal. caustic soda tanks which are curbed and sumped.
The general area around the tanks is sumped. The raw materials for the plant
(concentrates) are brought in by boat and discharged by a modern unloading
system. The sulfuric acid and other products are moved by rail.
Past Spill Experience
This plant is 85 years old; it is and has been under constant pollution control
surveillance. There has never been a hazardous spill, except for a coke spillage
from a barge. The plant will definitely be shut down by the end of 1970 and is for
sale; approximately 15 concerns are bidding for the property.
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Photo Courtesy of United Aerial Survey
FIGURE 21 AERIAL VIEW OF AMERICAN SMELTING AND
REFINING COMPANY, SELBY, CALIFORNIA
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Industrial Chemical Division
Allied Chemical Corporation
Bay Point Works
Pittsburg, California
Contacts: Mr. V. A. Fink, Plant Manager
Mr. B. C. Rager, Safety Supervisor
Date of Survey: October 30, 1970
Property Description
The Industrial Chemical Division of the Allied Chemical Corporation plant
has been operational in the Suisun Bay area since 1910. Figure 22 is a land view
of the firm's general layout, and Figure 23 is a water view. Its chemical products
include:
• Sulfuric acid "j
• Aluminum sulfate > manufactured products
• Hydrofluoric acid /
• Sodium bichromate [not manufactured but warehouse-
stored and distributed].
The plant drainage has been engineered to flow to a single, submerged outfall that
discharges into Suisun Bay. All waste water is passed through a 2500-ton capacity
treatment pond prior to final discharge into the bay. The effluent discharge is
rated at 3000 gpm, and the pond has a total retention time of 12 hours.
Hazardous Materials
The following materials are produced, handled, and stored within the plant:
• Sulfuric acid — maximum storage, 4,000 tons; the material
is tank-trucked from the plant to the consumer.
• Aluminum sulfate liquor - maximum storage capacity,
200 tons of actual liquor with makeup from dry alum;
material is tank-trucked to consumer.
• Hydrofluoric acid - maximum storage, 300 tons; shipping
procedure: 90 percent, tank car; remaining 10 percent,
tank truck.
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Photo Courtesy of Allied Chemical Corporation
FIGURE 22 LAND VIEW OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL DIVISION OF
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION, NICHOLS, CALIFORNIA
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ISTRIAL CHEMICAL OIV.
JED CHEMICAL CORP
Photo Courtesy of Air-Photo Company, Inc.
FIGURE 23 WATER VIEW OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL DIVISION OF
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION, NICHOLS, CALIFORNIA
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• Sodium bichromate (69 percent solution) — maximum
storage, 60 tons; shipments into the plant are made by
tank car; shipments out of the plant are made by tank
truck.
• Nitric acid - maximum storage, 3000 gallons;
• Acetic acid — maximum storage, 1500 gallons;
• Anhydrous and aqua ammonia — maximum storage, 530
gallons;
• Drummed caustic — maximum storage, 1300 gallons;
• Lime - maximum storage, 14,750 gallons.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Bulk storage and service tanks are positioned at various locations on the
plant property; some are elevated, and some have a secondary means of contain-
ment. A 4-inch diameter pipeline about 300 yards long lies buried within the
plant. The line (recently renewed) does not have cathodic protection. All tanks
are hydrostatically tested on a regular inspection frequency, and some of the
sulfuric acid tanks are equipped with high liquid-level alarms.
Past Spill Experience
Mr. V. A. Fink has managed this plant since 1934 and cannot recall any spills
of hazardous materials during that period of time.
Spill Control Plan
The plant has both a "spill plan" and a "disaster plan." In addition,
$250,000 is being spent for water pollution control monitoring. The plant's main
outfall has been completely reworked. All drainage lines have been equipped with
pH recorders and a drop of 1 to 1.5 would trigger an audible alarm within the
plant's main control center. It is anticipated that the improved monitoring/spill
control system will be fully installed and operational by March 1971. The plant
further maintains a readily available supply of caustic to neutralize acid spills. All
sulfuric acid tanks are equipped with internal plugs that can be lowered into
position to seal off all tank outlets in the event of a valve or pipeline failure.
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Industrial Tank, Inc.
210 Berrellessa Street
Martinez, California
Contacts: Mr. Henry W. Simonsen and
Mr. Jack O. Fries, Owners
Date of Survey: October 29, 1970
Property Description
Industrial Tank, Inc., has operated in the Martinez area for the past 22 years.
The original services included tank cleaning (marine and industrial), vacuum tank
trucks, oil and special liquid pumping, weed control, and general industrial
services. Its waste water and spent chemical disposal services are currently being
extended.
In addition to a downtown office and trucking terminal, Industrial Tank has
a spent-chemical treatment and disposal site on acreage that is surrounded by oil
refineries (Shell and Phillips), the closest water bodies being Walnut Creek and
Vine Hill Slough, which flow into Suisun Bay and the Sacramento River. A total
of 20 trucks (11 with 100-bbl capacity) are used to collect waste oil and spent
chemicals from an area that includes Sacramento, Antioch, and Richmond,
California, transporting same to the Martinez disposal site. Currently 10 major
industries are serviced, including Shell, Phillips, Humble, duPont, Dow, Union,
and Standard Oil. The concern also provides oil spill clean-up services using
absorbent straw and a California Fish and Game Department approved "Hydro-
purge" oil suction device. Marine craft with oil spill clean-up capability are under
investigation for possible acquisition, and the services of an environmental con-
trol geologist have been retained on a consultant basis.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials can best be described as waste oil and a mixture of
spent chemicals, some of which are commingled. The majority of the oil is
recovered and used for spreading on highways for road dust control.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
At the disposal site there are a total of 10 receiving tanks with each tank
averaging 400-bbl capacity. The treatment flow includes a 700-bbl treatment
tank, a 10,000-bbl settling tank, and a battery of evaporation ponds which will
eventually extend over a 20-acre area. When in full operation, the solids that
remain after treatment and evaporation will be buried within the disposal site. All
pipelines and tanks are exposed, above-ground installation with the exception of
one tank, which is partially buried.
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Past Spill Experience
The plant experienced one major spill when flood water came over the
perimeter levees and washed out the treatment ponds. To prevent repetition of
this occurrence, flood control levees have been raised and stabilized.
Spill Control Plan
As the leading spill control and water clean-up agency in the Sacramento
River Basin, Industrial Tank has a built-in spill control plan that would go into
effect in the event of an emergency. Suction trucks, dispersants, and mechanized
grading equipment, backed up by a number of years of spill containment and
clean-up experience, would go into immediate service.
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Hercules, Incorporated
Hercules, California
Contacts: Mr. Gordon Hoffman, Assistant Plant Manager
Mr. C. Sausaman, Assistant Technical Superintendent
Date of Survey: October 29, 1970
Property Description
The Hercules plant, which comprises the town of Hercules, is located on San
Pablo Bay. The property was not surveyed because corporate approval could not
be obtained. The plant seems to be well laid out. There is a definite sloping to ward
the bay, but provisions have been made for surface drainage to go to the waste
water treatment plant which is used for the ammonia and nitric acid plant and is
equipped with appropriate pH control. A second waste-water treatment system
will be in operation in 1971 for the methanol and formaldehyde plant. Biological
techniques will be used. Some surface water will probably be handled in that
facility.
Hazardous Chemicals
This facility produces urea, methanol, formaldehyde, ammonia, nitric acid,
ammonium nitrate, nitrogen tetroxide, and urea formaldehyde.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The following storage tanks are located in the plant. Most of the tanks are
diked; exceptions are noted.
2 - 100,000-gal. tanks for ammonium nitrate and UN-32 (mix-
ture of NH4NO3 and urea)
These two tanks are submerged. The first one is an old tank
which has been newly lined with stainless steel, while the
second is a submerged concrete tank.
1 - 20,000-gal. methanol tank,
4 - 30,000 to 50,000-gal. fertilizer solution tanks, which will
be diked in 1971,
2 - 10,000-gal. sulfuric acid tanks, which are undiked,
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1 - 100,000-gal. tank plus an anhydrous ammonia tank,
8 to 10 small tanks containing methanol and formaldehyde.
Most shipments are made by truck; some by rail. There are no waterborne
movements. The loading docks are located in individual plant areas.
Past Spill Experience
Approximately 10 years ago, a spill of formaldehyde from a tank was
recorded. This was a tank overfill-overflow occurrence.
Spill Control Plan
Plant spill control practice is said to be excellent. Spill prevention procedures
are stated to be in existence, but were not discussed or shown, except for surface
water problems and waste-water treatment. We were assured that appropriate
procedures are being followed.
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J and J Disposal
Benicia Industrial Park
Benicia, California
Contacts: Mr. Howard Jenkins, President
Mr. C. J. Tranby (Winton Jones Contractor, Inc.)
Date of Survey: October 30, 1970*
Property Description
The J and J Disposal firm is a comparatively new concern involved in the
disposal of waste chemicals. Its 243-acre disposal site is located in the rolling hill
country north of Suisun Bay and the Sacramento River. The elevation is esti-
mated to be 600 to 700 feet above sea level and has a State of California
"Class 1" dump rating which is given only to sites that have no waste water
discharge. The operators contend that prior to commencing operations they met
- and continue to meet — the demands of 13 regulatory bodies.
The concern has six 110-bbl capacity vehicles and uses four to five common
carrier tank trucks (mostly 30-bbl capacity with 42 gal/bbl) to haul spent chemi-
cals from as far as Richmond, California (10 miles) to the dump site. The
chemicals are pumped into evaporation and settling ponds where sun and wind
evaporation separates the waste water from the chemicals. The University of
California in Berkeley has measured a 76-inch annual evaporation rate in the
locale and an 18-inch average rainfall has been recorded for the area. There are no
perennial streams at the disposal site, and the intermittent flow of rain water in
the various gulches has been diverted from the area. The operators have experi-
mented with spraying the waste liquids directly onto the soil to hasten evapora-
tion. The separated chemical solids are then finally bulldozed into the soil.
Hazardous Materials
The firm's report (dated September 1970) to the California Department of
Health reported disposal of the following waste materials during the month:
Sour water 7,750 bbl
Spent caustic 8,035 bbl
Oil slop 4,180 bbl (from tank bottoms)
Floe 9,066 bbl
Wash water 1,070 bbl
Phenolic water 1,820 bbl
Sulfuration tar 2,743 bbl (contaminated asphalt).
'Data further clarified during telephone conversation of November 4, 1970.
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Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
The disposal area has no storage tanks or pipelines.
Past Spill Experience
Spills have been confined to a 1-bbl spill resulting from careless operation
during preparation for a spray test. The spill was reported to the State of
California even though it was confined to the disposal site.
Spill Control Plan
J and J Disposal has a close business relationship with Winton Jones Con-
tractor, Inc. In the event of a spill, all of the Jones mechanized contracting
equipment could be quickly diverted and transported to the disposal site to
control and confine the spill by the fabrication of earthen retainment dikes.
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D. CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston, the capital city of West Virginia, is located on the Kanawha
River at the junction of the Elk River, principal tributary of the Kanawha. This
site has been located on the main stream of East-West transportation since
development of highways to the West began in the early 19th century. Its
development as a major center for chemical manufacture began after World War I
and was based on the availability of fuel. Complex plants for the manufacture of a
variety of materials were established by a number of major national chemical
companies. These plants have been expanded and modernized continuously, and
the trend continues today. The Kanawha is navigable for about 90 miles from its
source at the junction of the Gauley and New Rivers above the London dam to its
junction with the Ohio at Point Pleasant above Huntington. Charleston is located
at about 55 miles up the river.
The industrial development of the river extends from the head of navigation
about 90 miles to about 40 miles up river at Nitro, West Virginia. This area is the
territory covered by the Charleston survey. It includes the Elk River on which are no
facilities of interest. Industrial development on the Ohio River at the mouth of
the Kanawha has begun, notably with a polyester plant operated by Goodyear.
These facilities, however, are outside the geographical area of interest and the
Kanawha between that point and Nitro is relatively undeveloped. This definition
of the area of interest was selected by the Cincinnati Regional Office of the
FWQA and was based upon maps provided by the American Electric Power
Company and on river charts provided by the Corps of Engineers. These data
provide reliable information on facilities which are so located that spills of
hazardous materials could contaminate the Kanawha River.
1. Site Character
The topography of this area is that of low mountainous terrain with very
little flat land. The Kanawha flows between steep banks with tributary streams
joining the river through relatively narrow valleys. There are three navigation and
flood control dams on the river — the Marmet and London dams above Charleston
and the Winfield dam below Charleston. Spills from the facilities in the area
would quickly find their way to the Kanawha where they would be confined to a
restricted water course rather than dispersed over widespread harbor and beach
systems. The existence of the dam and lock systems suggests that confinement of
the river water on a temporary emergency basis would be possible in the event of
a spill which might require such action.
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2. Data Sources
The Department of Water Resources (DWR) of the State of West Virginia,
with offices located in Charleston, was an important source of information. This
agency works quite closely with local industry and operates under water quality
criteria established by law by the State of West Virginia in 1965. The state has
had a voluntary spill alert system in operation since 1958. As part of their water
quality criteria, reporting of spills is now mandatory. Operational malfunction
and discharge of wastes through treatment-plant outfalls is the most frequent
occurrence; direct chemical spills are infrequent. Attention to these spills is paid
by the state on a single-case basis. No attempt at coordination and analysis has yet
been made.
An industry committee known as the Kanawha River Industrial Advisory
Committee (KRIAC) has operated for many years in close cooperation with the
DWR. Almost all of the large chemical plants have members on this committee.
The committee has been coordinating the use of the Kanawha River by the plants
in the interests of protection of the river as well as maximum usefulness of this
resource to industry. Furthermore, the committee takes an active interest in all
environmental problems relative to industry in the valley and was thus a valuable
resource for data to fulfill the objectives of this study.
Visits were made to the Huntington offices of the Corps of Engineers and
the Coast Guard. Both agencies receive spill reports, and the Coast Guard takes
action on a case basis where it is required to control the spill. Records of spill
problems are also available in the Department of Water Resources files at Charles-
ton. The Corps of Engineers provided three items which gave valuable data for the
Charleston survey, the first being a set of Kanawha River navigation charts
showing the location and character of all of the riverside dockage and shipping
facilities, as well as the industrial intakes in the valley; the second document being
a listing of all of the riverside facilities for which permits have been issued; and
the third item being a set of aerial photographs which provide good illustrative
detail of the nature of the physical facilities in the survey area.
3. Past Spill Experience
In 1958 a cooperative program of spill reporting on a voluntary basis was
initiated by KRIAC and the West Virginia authorities. On the basis of this
experience a mandatory program was adopted as part of rules and regulations
adopted by the Water Resources Board of West Virginia in 1965. Copies of
reporting forms are offered as Appendix F, This system incorporated two features
which appear especially desirable:
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(1) The quantity, name, nature, and specific hazard of the
material spilled; and
(2) the current estimate of the river flow and consequent
dilution.
This information is considered vital toward the preparation of an effective
spill control plan and is lacking on most reporting systems viewed throughout the
nation.
Other sources of past spill data are the Coast Guard, the Corps of Engineers,
and FWQA itself. Data from these sources is summarized in Table 11. It is
apparent that the spill data are fragmentary and incomplete; only 12 instances of
spills are reported for the years 1965 through 1970. Many water-soluble and
heavier-than-water chemical spills could have gone undetected.
The work of the KRIAC Committee and the unified approach to control and
improvement of the river quality represent a good program. This work, together
with the design and operating standards of the larger companies, indicates a serious
attempt is being made to improve water quality in the valley. Because spills
will be carried downstream with the flow of the river, emphasis is on prevention,
and primary containment of spills is of paramount importance.
TABLE 11
PARTIAL LISTING OF SPILLS INTO THE KANAWHA RIVER
IN THE CHARLESTON AREA - 1965-1970
Date
7/27/65
Material
Acrylic "Acid
7/28/65 Croton oil
10/26/65 Toluene
12/15/65 Tetralone and tetralol
1/19/66 Crotonaldehyde
8/18/66 Isopropanol
5/4/68 Normal paraffins
10/26/69 MIBK
4/22/70 2-ethyl-butyraldehyde
9/ /70 Methanol
11/ /70 Acrylonitriles
11/24/70 PPCH
Amount Cause/Remarks
10,000 gal. Tank dumped to cooling water
drain to prevent runaway
polymerization
45 gal. Hose drainings
1,000 gal. Truck overturned
100,000 Ib Operating error
38,900 Ib Faulty relief valve
22,800 gal. Barge leak
75 gal. Valve leak on barge
100 gal. Hose leak
25 gal. Barge leak
N/A Hose break
42,000 gal. Pumping into tank with valve open
N/A « 100 gal.) Intentional disposal.
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Union Carbide Corporation
Environmental Control Group
South Charleston, West Virginia
Contacts: Mr. George J. Hanks, Manager
Mr. F. D. Bess, Assistant Manager
Mr. E. M. Hall, Manager Institute Plant
Mr. R. Payne, Engineering Manager
Date of Interview: October 8,1970
The Environmental Control Group has responsibility for all of the Union
Carbide facilities in the Chemicals and Plastics Division, including the two plants
in the Kanawha Valley and the plant at Texas City. This plant was visited in
recognition of the fact that the larger chemical companies, such as Carbide, have
had extensive experience in coping with dangerous chemicals, including the
problem of spills and hazards to the public and contamination of the waterways.
The most significant development relative to these problems is the establishment
of the Environmental Control Group itself. The corporation recognizes this
function as an essential part of operating a chemical industry and has established
the group with qualified personnel with the authority to enforce adequate control
measures. Its personnel participate actively and continuously in the planning of
new functions, and in the maintenance of existing plants. The group has veto
power over process design features on new facilities where it considers that
operation of the proposed process would endanger the environment.
Union Carbide is an active participant and an initiator of the cooperative
program with the state for voluntary reporting of chemical spills and analysis of
the danger involved. In connection with this effort, Union Carbide entered into a
cooperative program with the Mellon Institute to classify the potential hazard of
all materials handled by the Chemicals and Plastics Division. As a result, data on
the degree of hazard and methods for containment and clean-up are swiftly
available in the event of any spill. An alerting procedure ensures that qualified
people at Carbide and at the Mellon Institute are quickly available at any time to
help with a spill problem. In the event that a spill reaches the river, data on the
flow in the river at the time of the spill are available; this information, combined
with an estimate of the quantity of the spilled material, can effect a prediction of
the concentrations expected downstream in the river and thereby an overall
assessment of the problem. The concentration in the river is then monitored to
verify the prediction and, if necessary, water users can be advised to discontinue
using the water until the danger is passed. Union Carbide's experience shows that
there are two or three spills a year which must be reported and monitored in this
way. There have been no spills of toxic materials. The problem has been with
chemicals which impart taste, odor, or affect the clarity of the river.
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Union Carbide's primary defense against spills is concentrated on the
process unit which is designed to prevent spills and to contain them should they
occur. This includes sumps in the process area, drip pans, check valves, and
operating standards which tend to emphasize the importance of containment of
chemical materials. An economic incentive is added by a charge imposed on each
process unit for the amount of waste it sends to the waste-treatment plant. The
manager of a process section cannot afford to be careless with chemical discharge
because it hurts his profit performance record. The second line of defense against
spills - and a very effective one - is the collection of all liquid wastes and
processing them in a waste-water treatment system. The only water used in the
plants that is not processed through this system is cooling water which is not
exposed to process materials. Drainage from process areas, sumps at receiving and
loading stations, and the diked areas around storage tanks is all connected to a
process sewer system which discharges to a waste-treatment plant.
An important function of Union Carbide's Environmental Control Group is a
system of inspection and maintenance to ensure that control measures remain in
efficient operation and that hazards for spills do not develop. Several features of
this program were outlined. First, the position of all dike valves is inspected on a
weekly basis. Open valves are called to the attention of the operating supervisors.
All tanks and other equipment have a regular schedule of inspection. The timing
varies with the nature of the tank and its contents, but it generally never exceeds
one year. The method of inspection also varies. In some cases, inspection is by
visual survey of the empty tank. Many are hydrostatically tested, and on most the
shell thickness is measured. Safety valves are subject to regular examination. This
includes, in most cases, replacement of the valve with a shop-inspected and-tested
unit.
Engineering standards are developed in conjunction with the Engineering
Division by active participation in the design of new facilities, and by specific
designs for modification of the existing plants in the interests of better spill
prevention, containment, and control. Safety is also a primary consideration in
design. An example of the attention given to design matters of this nature is in a
study of the problem of filling storage tanks with flammable materials. If such
tanks are filled from the top, the chances for vaporization and formation of an
explosive atmosphere in the tank are high. If they are filled from the bottom, the
entire head of the tank is imposed on the fill line with consequent dangers of a
break and a major spill. Another problem is whether or not the falling liquid
stream in a topfill operation would create a static charge with a resulting spark
and ignition of the tank contents. After considerable design study, it was con-
cluded that a real hazard in this respect did exist and a small-scale model fill
operation was set up by the research group. Under proper conditions, it was
found that static charges and an explosion could be initiated. The resulting design
standard for storage tanks in this category is, therefore, to fill from the top, but
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through a pipeline which extends to the bottom of the tank and whose outlet is
below the liquid level in the tank. To prevent siphoning back through this line,
the top of the loop is vented with a second line which extends to a sufficient
height to serve as a siphon breaker and is connected to the top of the tank.
In addition to the plant facilities, Union Carbide operates an extensive barge
fleet with operations not only on the Kanawha River, but in the Ohio and
Mississippi systems as well. Operations of this fleet are controlled from a center in
the Kanawha Valley and extensive use of radio contact and control is made. Any
barge can make contact with this center in a matter of minutes for assessment and
advice on any problem.
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Union Carbide Corporation
Chemicals Division
P. O. Box 8004
South Charleston, West Virginia
Contacts: Mr. R. G. Lilley, Department Head
Environmental Control Coordinator
Mr. William Young, Assistant to Mr. Lilley
Mr. Robert Aspley, Supervisor
North Charleston Bulk Storage Area
Date of Survey: October 7, 1970
Property Description
The principal production plants of Union Carbide's Chemicals Division in the
South Charleston area are located on a large island in the Kanawha River channel
and on the left bank in South Charleston (Figure 24). These plants are about 55
miles above the mouth of the Kanawha River. A large bulk storage area is located
directly across the river in North Charleston.
This is a very large organic chemicals plant employing over 2000 men. The
plants have two sewer systems — one for cooling water and rain run-off, the other
for water contaminated with chemicals. The contaminated water sewer system
connects with the South Charleston municipal sewage plant, which was designed
in cooperation with Union Carbide and is presently operated by Union Carbide
personnel.
The Union Carbide Company has made and is continuing to make improve-
ments in its handling of the extremely large number of potentially hazardous
chemicals to reduce the possibility of spillage into the waterways. The experience
and procedures of this company can serve as an excellent guide to other organic
chemical producers who are altering old plants or building new ones. In a large
organic chemicals plant it is desirable to have separate sewer systems to ensure the
collection and treatment of spilled chemicals. Systematic diking, modification of
equipment to reduce spills, provision of catch basins and drip troughs, systematic
loading and unloading procedures, level indicators, leak alarms, and the like, have
served to reduce the spill hazards in this plant.
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Photo Courtesy of U.S.A. Corps of Engineers
FIGURE 24 AERIAL VIEW OF UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, SOUTH CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA
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Union Carbide Chemicals Division - North Charleston Bulk Storage Area
The North Charleston bulk storage area consists of 35 acres of developed
land and 10 acres of undeveloped land, and has a total storage capacity of
17,200,000 gallons. Individual tank (30 to 40) capacities range from 33,000 to
810,000 gallons. There is also storage for approximately thirty 30,000-gal. tank
cars on a temporary basis.
All tanks are diked with a containment volume greater than the capacity of
the enclosed tank. Most of the dikes are earthen but a few are concrete. Earthen
dike areas are sprayed with a weed killer each year in late July or August to kill
vegetation. All dikes have a drain valve which is kept closed, except when opened
to drain off rainwater. All dike valves are checked every Sunday to make sure
they are properly closed. If a valve is opened to drain a dike, it is closed on the
same shift. If it is necessary to leave a valve open into the following shift, that fact
is entered in the log so it may be properly closed by the next shift. All pumps
with packing glands have been replaced by pumps with mechanical seals to
eliminate leakage into diked areas.
Liquid chlorine, gasoline, and 26 organic chemical liquids are unloaded from
barges and 6 organic liquids are loaded into barges at the barge station. All
drainage from flexible hoses goes to a 40,000-gal. holding tank for pumping to the
treatment plant on demand. Flanges on hoses from the barge are broken over a
trough and all drips are picked up in a sump and pumped to a holding tank by a
pump operated by a float switch for delivery to the contaminated sewer. Most
barges are loaded or unloaded promptly, but chlorine barges are held from 4 days
to 2 weeks as the chlorine is used in the plant processes. The chlorine is piped
under the river through a jacketed pipe buried 6 feet below the normal river
bottom. The inner pipe is 3 inches (schedule 80) and the outer pipe is 6 inches
(schedule 40). Possible leakage at both the inner and outer pipes is checked once
a year by applying up to 50 pounds of air pressure to the jacket and checking for
pressure drop and bubbles. All other pipe lines are not jacketed. In case of a leak
in the chlorine line, the control room can shut off the flow by remotely
controlled valves. Chlorine storage tanks are inspected visually and by reflecto-
scope or audio gage every 4 years. Chlorine hoses are tested with dry air at 350
pounds of pressure every 3 months.
All solvent storage tanks are held under pressure equal to 2 inches water and
vented to atmosphere through flame arresters. There are high-level, low-level and
leak detectors on all tanks, and these are monitored in the control house. When a
tank is being pumped out, the leak alarm will go on after the level drops
one-eighth inch to 1 inch. The leak alarm is reset automatically when the remote
valve is closed again after pumping. Vented air from acrylate tanks and vented air
from filling tank cars with acrylates goes through scrubbers using 20% triethylene
tetramine and 80% ethylene glycol for removal of acrylate fumes from exit air.
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All truck and tank car loading and unloading areas have collection drains
which go to the 40,000-gal. holding tank for pumping to the water-treatment
plant.
Automated Warehouse
This facility is located on the South Charleston side of the river. The
warehouse has storage capacity for sixty-four thousand 55-gal. drums of liquid
chemicals. Any spillage or drips from this entire area go to a sump and thence to
the treatment plant which was designed to handle loads of this nature. If the
flood system of spray heads is activated, the water flow would exceed the
capacity of the contaminated-water sewer connection and excess water would
flow over the weir and into the river.
Tank Car and Tank Truck Loading and Unloading Areas
There are numerous tank car and tank truck stations on the mainland and
the island portions of this plant. With the exception of one remote area where few
cars are loaded, all tank car and tank truck loading and unloading is done over
drains that go to the contaminated-water sewer system.
Tank cars are spotted from 8 p.m. to 8 or 9 a.m. to avoid in-plant traffic
during the day. All spotted tank cars were observed to have derail devices in place
ahead of cars to prevent other cars from hitting them by accident while they were
being loaded or unloaded.
Tank cars and tank trucks are cleaned with steam and, while still hot, are
dried by inserting an air nozzle system of special design to sweep the walls of the
tank. All washings go to the contaminated-water sewer. If a car contains a large
"heel" of solvent, it may be drained and sent to be burned in the boilers.
Sewer Systems
Prior to 1954 all wastes went to the river, except for concentrated wastes,
which were burned. In 1954 two completely separate sewer systems were instal-
led; one for clean cooling water, rainwater, etc., and the other for water
contaminated with chemicals. The cooling water and run-off water outfalls drain
to the "back channel" between the island and the South Charleston shore. The
contaminated-water sewers go to a flume system which carries the waste to the
treatment plant. All drains and pits are clearly marked to make sure plant
personnel do not dump waste or washings into the clean-water sewer system.
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Outfalls of the clean-water sewer system go into the river from above water
level and the mixing zones are surrounded by floating booms to catch any floating
material that might accidentally go into the river. Some time ago an operator tried
to wash down some spilled detergent and the resulting foam collected in the boom
at the clean-water sewer outfall. The foam was recovered by a floating skimmer
pump which can be moved from place to place as needed.
Flow of water to the treatment plant now runs 8 to 9 million gpd, but is
down from the almost 14 million gpd of a few years ago, because of tighter
controls by operators in the plant. Instruments for monitoring the organic carbon
content of the waste water are located at two points in the waste-water flume
system. Plans call for increased installation of remote sensing units which can be
monitored form a central control station. A "panic pond" is under consideration.
It may be used to hold highly contaminated water which may be diverted to it on
the basis of the organic carbon monitors.
Spill Notification Procedure
All spills — regardless of size and whether they went to ground, to the
treatment plant, or to the river — are reported by calling the Utilities Foreman
who enters it in the log. He is kept advised of the effect of all the plant materials
on the treatment plant, effect on river, and other considerations. If the spill is
large, it is reported to the state authorities, and the FMC plant and the Nitro
water works downstream are notified. As is usual in the area's approach to spill
control, Carbide has available a nomograph system. It allows them to calculate the
parts per million (ppm) of the spilled substance in the river from the spillage rate
in gallons per hour and the river flow in cubic feet per second. Depending on the
oral toxicity hazard rating (1 to 5), the Nitro water plant may be shut down for
spill concentrations ranging from 10,000 down to 1.0 ppm.
The company belongs to the Kanawha River Industrial Advisory Committee
(KRIAC) which has taken an active interest in all environmental problems of the
area, and has set up the reporting system with the state for all spill incidents.
Hazardous Materials
Materials transported by barge at the North Charleston bulk storage area are
listed below.
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A. Incoming Chemicals
1. Ethylene glycol 15. Methyl cellosolve
2. Acetone 16. Butyl aery late
3. Methanol 17. Isopropyl alcohol
4. Methyl ethyl ketone 18. Acetic anhydride
5. Propionic acid 19. Isobutyl acetate
6. Cellosolve acetate, 99% 20. Cellosolve
7. n-propanol 21. Glyoxal, 40%
8. Butanol 22. L. G. Carbitol
9. Ethylene glycol 23. Amyl alcohol
10. Propionaldehyde 24. Isobutyl alcohol
11. Ethyl acrylate 25. Isopropyl acetate
12. 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate 26. Ethylenediamine
13. Vinyl acetate 27. Chlorine
14. Cellosolve acetate, 95%
B. Outgoing Chemicals
1. Butyl acetate 4. Ethylene Dichloride
2. Propylene dichloride 5. Butyl cellosolve
3. Methyl amyl alcohol 6. Ethyl acetate
Past Spill Experience
See Table 11 for a listing of past spills.
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Union Carbide Corporation
Institute, West Virginia
Contacts: Mr. M. E. Hall, Environmental Control Manager
Mr. William Miller, Engineer
Date of Survey: October 7, 1970
Property Description
The Union Carbide Corporation Institute plant (Figure 25) is a large facility
that processes about 20 major organic chemicals. Ethylene is a principal raw
material, and derivatives include ethylene glycol, many plasticizers, resins, poly-
urethane, and also derivatives of chlorine and of HCN. It is a newer facility than
Union Carbide's plant at Blaine Island in Charleston and for this reason was easier
to update relative to the most modern safety and spill control measures. Three
separate docks are operated for shipment and receipt of materials by barge. One
of these docks is reserved exclusively for chlorine receiving; the others handle a
full line of liquid materials. Floating docks are provided, with provisions for the
barge to moor securely to the dock by conventional shipping practice. Transfer
pumps are installed on the docks and the barge connection is made by a
combination of flexible hose and portable pipeline. The flexible hose is required
to prevent undue strain on the pipeline system. Armored high-pressure hoses are
used. The pumps are fitted with drip pans and slop tanks. Upon completion of a
transfer the pipeline is blown clear to the storage tank and back to the barge by
an appropriate gas, either air, if a non-flammable material is involved, or nitrogen,
if an inert gas is required.
Adjacent to the dock area there is a storage tank farm with about 20 tanks
of 100,000-gal. capacity. These tanks are vertical and cylindrical with fixed roofs
and contain such materials as ethyl acetate, ketone, acetone, and glycol. There are
also four spherical tanks for storage of ethylene oxide. Each tank is surrounded
by a separate earthen dike. There is a drainage connection from inside the diked
area to the chemical plant sewer. This drain is fitted with a valve which is closed,
except when there is need to drain rainwater from the system. Fill lines to the
tanks are installed in the standard vented-loop Union Carbide system. Discharge
pumps are located inside the diked area. This system is typical for tank farm areas
at the Institute plant.
In addition to the riverside tank farm, there are five other large systems of
storage tanks complete with appropriate diking. The diking is either earthen or
concrete. In crowded areas it has been necessary to use concrete dikes. In some of
the process areas, there is also a sizeable amount of storage. For example, at one
location there are a number of 5000-gal. vertical storage tanks. These are located
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-
I
>
—
rf
rr
Photo Courtesy of U.S.A. Corps of Engineers
FIGURE 25 AERIAL VIEW OF UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, INSTITUTE, WEST VIRGINIA
-------
behind a concrete dike and the drainage from the dike system is to the process
sewer. Proper operations of such a system in a process area is more controversial
than a diked storage tank farm area. There are problems with both housekeeping
and safety if the drain from the diked area is maintained closed and operating
personnel are in favor of keeping these drains open. At the present time, however,
the standard is to keep the drain valve in the closed position. If it must be opened
for any reason, the process supervisor must obtain permission to open the valve.
Such permission is granted after sampling and analyzing the material to be
drained. If the drainage time overlaps a change of shift, the outgoing operator
closes the valve, logs it closed, and the incoming operator then opens it and logs it
open. This procedure avoids any controversy over the responsibility for leaving a
valve open. The position of all of these valves is checked on a weekly basis by the
Environmental Services Group. Any open valves are called to the attention of the
operating supervisor who must then come out and close it.
The plant receives and ships material both by truck and rail. There are two
major terminals of transfer in the plant which handle many products. There are
also about 12 stations at the individual process units which handle specific
products. At the multiple product stations, transfer lines terminate in a manifold
and are then connected to the tank car or rail car by flexible hose systems.
Transfer pumps are available at this station with a suction line connected to the
car by flexible hose and a discharge connected to the appropriate transfer line by
another flexible hose. These manifolds and the transfer pump are located within a
curbed area with a special drain. In some cases this drains to a special sump for
pumping to a reclaiming area. In other cases, the sump drains to a process sewer.
The tank car or tank truck spot is also sloped so that it drains to the process
sewer.
Drainage
At the Union Carbide Institute, the process sewer system is entirely separate
from the storm sewer system. Only clean water can get to the storm sewer. The
process sewer line takes all of the waste from the processing areas of the plant and
is also connected to the diked areas around all of the storage tanks, as well as the
rail and truck shipping areas. This system effectively prevents the discharge of any
contaminated waste directly to the river. All waste must be processed through the
treatment plant before discharge to the river.
The waste-treatment plant includes primary settling basins, aeration cham-
bers, and secondary clarifiers. Union Carbide has developed and employs special
instrumentation to analyze the effluent from the treatment plant for total carbon.
These instruments are also used to monitor the sample process areas which
discharge to the treatment plant. In this way, trouble can be located quickly and
the offending unit can correct the difficulty. The waste-treatment facility is
designed to minimize the impact of a large spill. At normal flow rates, the
159
Arthur D Little Inc
-------
aeration basins provide a total of three days of residence time. This large capacity
allows for dilution and equalization of contamination problems, and also allows
time for analysis of unusual situations requiring corrective measures. In addition,
a very large area adjacent to the treatment plant has been reserved as a "panic"
pond for a temporary holding of contaminated fluids for emergency treatment.
Hazardous Chemicals
A general description of the materials handled in this facility and at the
Institute plant is presented in Table 12.
Past Spill Experience
See Table 11 for a listing of past spills.
Spill Control Plan
Union Carbide is a member and follows the practice of the several Kanawha
Valley emergency and disaster control plans.
160
Arthur D Little, Inc.
-------
TABLE 12
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AT UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
INSTITUTE AND SOUTH CHARLESTON. WEST VIRGINIA*
Product Name
Aerowl MA pur
Ammonium lauryl polyether
Benzene thiophene free
Tertiary buunol
1-2butyleneoxide
Calcium carbide sludge
Calcium chloride fuel pro
Carbon tetrechlorkJe pur
Chloroform
Dtchloreth'eth
Diphenyl emina
Dipotanium hydrogen
Tort dodecyl marcaptan
Epichlorohydrin
Flexol platticizar TCP
Formalin, 37%
Formaldehyde 50%
Gaioline white
Gluconic acid 50% tech
Glycerine superol
Granular carbon 12 x 4 cal
Heptane pur
Hexene pur
Hydrogen peroxide albone
Isobutylene
Lauryl alcohol lulfate
Launy alcohol Sipanol L2X
Methaerylic acid - glacial
Meth methyl acetate mix
Nonane napht mineral tprt
Phosphoric acid, 75%
Phoiphoroui oxychloride
Platticizer extender 125
Potanium hydrox, 45% LC
Silicate of loda
Sodium aluminate tech
Solvent Bronoco rubber
Sulfur dioxide comm gr.
Sulfuric acid. 93% W.N.
Tall oil fatty acid pur
Tate itopropyl tiunate
Urea pur
Vinyl chloride
Xytel commercial gr.
Nitrogen drlox
AlfJOtiliconetet
Acetic acid glacial
Butoxy triglycol
Oichlorethyl ether
Isobutyl aaylate
Methanol
Tridecanol mixed itomen
UCON brake fluid PM 4869
UCON brake fluid PM 4823
Vinyl acetate HQ
Vinyl acetate L-HQ
R 21
AFgly
Acetic acid gla
Acetic acid
Container
Type
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
Berg.
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
Pkg
T/T
T/T
in
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/C
T/C
T/T
T/T
Barge
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T & Barge
Source
Purchased
Purchaiad
Purchased
Interplant
Storage Tank
She*
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
B
A
C
A
B
' From a computer program prepared by the Union Carbide Corporation.
Product Name
Acetic acid strong
Mixture PM 4325
Acte Acid PM 1417
Acetic Acid PM 1486
Acetic anhydride
Acetic anhydride
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetone
Mixture PM 4200
Acetone PM 3964
Acrylonit MMHQ
Acrylonitrile
Airecon PM 4578
Amino et ea
Pri amyl ale
Amyl tallate
Anhydrol PM 1473
AnhydrolPM 1474
Mixture PM 4078
Mixture PM 4079
Mixture PM 4080
Mixture PM 4081
Mixture PM 4082
Mixture PM 4083
Mixture PM 4084
Mixture PM 4085
Mixture PM 4135
Mixture PM 41S7
Mixture PM 4176
Antidult Agt JM
Mixture PM 4337
Butanol
Butanol esters gr.
Butanol residue
Mixture PM 1524
Sec butanol
Butox ethoxprop
Prop f ilmer bep
Butoxy triglyco
Bu acet AM vise
Butyl acetat 98
Butyl acet PU G
Bu acetat CA 149
N butyl acetate
Mixture PM 3934
Butyl acrylate
Butyl aery MMHQ
Bulylimine
Butylamine CR
Butylamine 97PC
Butyl Carbitol
Container
Type
Barge
T/C
T/C
T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
Barge
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
Source
"
514
"
"
Interplant
"
"
Interplant
"
514
"
Interplant
"
514
Interplant
"
614
"
"
••
"
••
"
"
••
••
"
514
••
"
Interplant
"
514
"
Purchased
Interplant
"
514
"
"
"
"
"
Interplant
"
Interplant
"
514
Storage Tank
Sin'
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
161
Arthur D Little, Inc
-------
TABLE 12 (Continued)
Product Nwm
Butyl Carbitol
Butyl CB acetat
Butyl Ollotolve
Butyl CSacm
Butyl chloride
Butyl chloride
Butyl«neOX12
Butyl Ether
Butyralde enhyd
Butyralda anhyde
Butyruldenyde
Butyric Acid
Cartaitol low gr.
Carbitol PM 0600
Mixture PM 4467
Certaitol Acetat
Cellonlv*
Cello Acet PU G
Mixture PM 4446
Cellosolve Acet
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexylimine
Diaceton Ale
Diac Al T PM 0366
Mixture PM 4143
Oibutylamine
Dibutylamine
Dibutyl phthala
Oiane221
Di*n«234
Diane 234
Oiethano lamina
Diathanolamine
Oiathano lamina
OiethPM 1713
Dieth PM 3368
Mixture PM 4047
Diethox tarragl
Diathylamina
Dietene glycol
Diatana glycol A/F grade
Dieth Gl PM 3253
Dieth triami HP
Mixture PM 3931
Diethyl ethanol amine
Di 2 ehex phoi ac
Diethyl maleata
Diethyl succinat
Diitobutyl carbinol
Diisobj carbino
Diiiobu ketone
Diisopropano lamina
Mixture PM 4246
Mixture PM 4280
Mixture PM 4490
Diitopropylamine
Container
Type
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
Barge & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
Barge
T/T
T/T & Barge
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
Source
..
"
••
••
••
"
••
Interplant
514
Interplant
514
••
••
Interplant
Interplant
Purchased
514
"
Interplant
"
514
"
"
Interplant
••
••
••
514
"
"
Interplant
Interplant
514
"
Interplant
514
Interplant
Storage Tank
Size*
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
A
B
B
A
B
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Product Name
Dimet am propyl
Dimethyl ea anh
Dime aa R. Haas
Dioxane PM 4805
Dioxane
Dioxane
Di-n-propy famine
Dipropylene gly
Epichlorohydrin
Estanol
Ester Diol 204
Ethane liquifier
Ethane
Ethanol 190 pf gross
EthanoCS19 190
Et 190 PF und LO
Ethan 190 und LO
Ethanol SOI 190
Eth>noSD2B 190
Ethano SD3A 190
Mixture PM 31 63
Mixture PM 4811
Ethanol SD29E
Ethan SD29C 190
Ethano SD29 190
Ethan SD29B 190
Eth.no SD30 190
Eth 190 PF SD29H
Ethan SD39B 190
Ethano SD40 190
Eth 190P SD40 8
Ethan SD3A190P
Eth SD4 Spir Gr
Et 190SD23HLO
Et 190SD30A
Et 190SD35ALO
Ethan SD38B 190
Eth SD33F 190 LO
Eth 190PSD401
Eth 190P SD40 1
Ethanol 200PF spirits
Ethanol 200 SD2
Ethano CD 19200
Ethano CD 19 200
Ethan SD2B 200
Mixture PM 3856
Ethan SD3A 200
Eth SD3A 200 PF
Ethano SD29 200
Eth SD29 200 PFE
Ethan SD39C 200
Eth 200P SD70 7
Ethan 200 SD40
Ethoxydimethyldihydropyran
Etho«ytrigly TE
Ethoxy trigtyco
Et Acet 95 98PC
Etac8789PCIC
Eth acet 99PC
Container
Type
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/T
T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & Barge
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
Source
514
"
••
514
"
Interplant
••
514
Interplant
514
Interplant
514
••
514
••
••
••
••
••
••
S14
"
"
"
"
••
••
••
••
Interplant
••
514
••
••
••
••
••
514
••
••
Interplant
514
Storage Tank
Size*
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
B
162
Arthur D Little, Inc
-------
TABLE 12 (Continued)
Product NIITW
Et K 99 6PC UG
Etac USP NF FCC
Eth KM ACS
Mixture PM 5228
Et acet 96 98PC
Mixture PM 3640
Mixture PM 5146
Ethyl aerylata
Ethylamina anhydrous
Ethylamine
2-ethylbutanol
2-et-butanol CR
2-ethyl butyraldehyde
Etane clhy anhy
Ethyl dia 98PC
Eth diam water
Mixture PM 3648
Etene dichlorld
Eth dich radiit
Ethylene glycol
Ethylana glycol A;F grade
EthyleneglyCR
Ethyl gly 879A
EIGIINPM1717
Mixture PM 1975
Ethyl gly tails
Ethylene oxide
Et oxide red in
2 ethyl hexaldehyde
2 ethylhexanol
2-e-hexanol rec
2-«t hexoic acid
2-et hexoic acid
2-et hexyl acet
Et-hexacry MMHQ
2-ethyl hexylami
2-et hex tallate
n-ethylmorpholi
Et prop acrolei
Eth lil prehydr
Et lilicate 40
Et lilicate cond
Flexol PM 5303
Armttrg plan A
Flex plait 3 GH
Flex PI 3 GM
Flex platt 4 GO
Flex plan 1010
Mixture PM 4316
Flexol PM 4574
Flex plan 10 A
Mixture PM 4373
Flex plait 380
Flexol PM 3321
Flex plait A 26
Mixture PM 4847
Flex plait 3 CF
Container
Type
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/T
Barge
T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & Barge
T/C & Barge
Barge
T/C & T/V4
T/T & Barge
T/C
Barge & T/C
T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/T
T/C & Barge
T/C
T/C
Barge
T/C & Barge
T/T & Barge
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T & Barge
T/T & T/C
T/C & Barge
T/T & T/C
T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/r & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T
T,'C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T 'C & T/T
T/T & T/C
Source
,(
••
"
Interplant
Interplant
514
Interplant
514
Interplant
514
Interplant
„
Exchange
514
Interplant
514
Interplant
514
„
Interplant
514
Interplant
514
,,
,,
„
514
,.
Storage Tank
Size*
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
B
B
A
B
,
A
B
A
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
a
A
A
A
A
«
A
A
A
Product Name
Mixture PM 4803
Flex TOF SP FMC
Flex plast TOF
Flexol TOF FMC
Flexol TCP
Flex plast 2 88
Flex Pla PM 4398
Mixture MP 4592
For aci phar GR
Methane FMC 153
Glutaralo 25PC
Glycerine super
Gly triacetate
Mixture PM 3989
Mixture PM 4298
Glycol diacetat
Glyoxal 40 SPC
Glyoxal
Heptadecanol
HeptanolPM 1655
Hexane
1-hexanepur
1-hexanol
Hexyl cellosolve
Hex glydiacet
Hexylene glycol
Mixture PM 4607
Isobutanol
Isobutanol mons
Isobu AceCA 149
Isobutyl acetat
Mixture PM 4624
Isobutyl Cellosolve
Isobutyl acrylate
Isobutyl heptyl ketone
Iso octanoic ac
Isobutyraldehyde
Isodecanol mixed isomers
Isopentanoic ac
Isooctylaldehyde
Isopentanoic ac
Isop rec HG Gr
Isop ref PM 0437
Isoprop PM 0455
Isopropanol 99
Mixture PM 3921
Mixture PM 4333
Isop'noPM 3710
Mixture PM 3852
Mixed isops
Isop-opyl acet
Isop acet 99PC
Isopropylamine
Kromfax solvent
U Lot TCX878 HS
UCAR latex 862
Container
Type
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
Pipeline
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
Barge
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
Barge
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & Barge
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
Barge
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
Source
"
••
••
••
Interplant
514
Interplant
Purchased
514
"
"
Interplant
Interplant
514
Interplant
Purchased
Interplant
514
"
"
Interplant
514
"
Interplant
514
"
Interplant
"
514
Interplant
514
"
I nterplant
514
••
lnterpl;-nt
514
Storage Tank
Size*
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
_
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
B
A
A
r>.
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
163
Arthur D Little, Inc
-------
TABLE 12 (Continued)
Product Nun*
UCAR latex 879
U Lit TCX87«0
Uttx TPX 3410
Mixture PM 4876
Mewtyl oxide w. Ml.
Methyl oxM in
Methane!
MMhanol
Methanol
Mixture PM 47S4
Mixturt PM 3822
Mixture PM 5102
Methoxytriglyco
Mtthoxytriglyco
Mfthyl acetate
Mi Acato K«at
Ma Action PM 1039
Mi Amyl acetate
Mixture PM 4433
Mithyl amylalc
Methyl emyl ilc. semi ref .
Mithyl Carbitol
Methyl Butyrildehyde
Methyl CellOKl
Methyl CS aceta
Methyl CS *e«t>
Me ethinolimine
Me et ketone
Mixture PM 5166
Mi itoimyl keto
Me i«obu ketone
Mixture PM 3987
Meth pemaMehy
Met tit hy ph a
Mixture PM 0021
Mixtun PM 0261
Mixture PM 1633
Mixture PM 3076
Mixture PM 3091
Mixture PM 3094
Mixtur. PM3101
Mixture PM 3104
Mixture PM 3171
Mixture PM 3231
Mixture PM 3260
Mixture PM 3349
Mixture PM 3390
Mixture PM 3477
Mixtura PM 3492
Mixture PM 3538
Mixture PM 3539
Mixture PM 3549
Mixture PM 3610
Mixture PM 3634
Mixture PM 36S9
Mixture PM 3665
Mixture PM 3675
Mixture PM 3677
Mixture PM 3737
Container
Type
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
Barge
T/C » T/T
T/C & T/T
Birge
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/C & T/T
Berge
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
Barge
T/C & T/T
Barge
Barga
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T & T/C
T/T ' T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & Barge
T/T & T/C
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
Source
••
"
"
"
Interplant
514
Interplant
"
"
514
"
••
Interplant
"
514
"
"
"
••
••
Interplant
••
"
514
••
514
Interplant
514
"
Interplant
514
Inter plant
514
"
••
"
••
"
••
"
••
514
••
"
Storage Tink
Size*
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Product Name
Mixtura PM 3754
Mixture PM 3B63
Mixture PM 3899
Mixture PM 3949
Mixtura PM 3979
MixturePM4067
Mixture PM 4077
Mixture PM 41 01
Mixture PM 41 37
Mixture PM 41 65
Mixture PM 4257
Mixture PM 4260
MixturePM 4266
Mixture PM 4293
MixturePM 431 2
MixturePM 431 3
Mixture PM 4321
MixturePM 4371
Mixture PM 4374
Gly mix PM 4384
Mixture PM 4389
Mixture PM 4448
Mixture PM 4460
Mixture PM 4468
MixturePM 45 17
ERLA 4565
MixturePM 4610
Mixture PM 4622
Mixture PM 4645
Mixture PM 4709
Mixture PM 4733
MixturePM 4761
MixturePM 4767
Mixture PM 4819
Mixture PM 4820
MixturePM 4825
MixturePM 4828
MixturePM 4851
Mixture PM 4863
Mixture PM 4876
Mixture PM 4896
Mixture PM 4903
Mixture PM 4904
Mixture PM 4927
Mixture PM 4934
Mixture PM 4936
Mixture PM 4973
Mixture PM 5005
Mixture PM 5021
Mixture PM 5028
Mixture PM 5052
Mixture PM 50S3
Mixture PM 5069
MixturePM 5101
MixturePM 51 37
MixturePM 51 61
MixturePM 5 169
MixturePM 5175
MixturePM 51 84
Mixture PM 5194
MixturePM 5196
Mixture PM 5197
MixturePM 5219
Mixture PM 5259
Mixture PM 5268
Mixture PM 5273
Container
Type
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
Source
514
514
514
StoretaTenk
Sin*
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
164
Arthur D Little, In
-------
TABLE 12 (Continued)
Product MMM
Mixtura PM 5301
Monoethen ICF
Mo I'MMtnino I m In
Monotfthtnoliniin
Monoathaa148
MoiMMthaa 1J038
Monoteopropano
Mixtura PM 4670
Morpno line
Mixtura PM 3757
Mixtura PM 0371
Nl polyol D 41 3
AX pel PPG 426
NO PPG 1025 ONE
Nl pel PPG 1025
N dtol PPG 1226
Nl pal PPG 2025
Nl pol PPG 2026
N P PPG 2026 ONE
Nl Pol PPG 3025
NIAXtrlLG168
NIAX trlol LG 56
NITrlLG560NE
NIAX trl LHT 240
NIAX trILHT 112
NIAX tri LHT 67
NIAX pol E33B
NIAX poly E 341
NIAX trl LHT 42
NIAX pol E 321
NIAX poly D 410
NIAX poly E 322
NIAX poly E 325
NIAX poly D 414
NIAX triol LC 60
NIAX triol LF 70
NIAX reeln S 109
NIAX poly E 261
Nl polyol 50 48
NIAXtoocyTDR
NIAX polyol 3145
Nl polyol 14 46
Ni polyol E 241
NIAX pol 33 46
Nl polyol E 344
Nl polyol E 193
NIAX pol 60 58
NIAX polyol D
NIAX poly D 417
NIAX poly E 147
N polyol E 151
N polyol E 160
Nl polyol E 204
Nl polyol E 229
NIAX poly E 304
NIAX rat T1 10 R
NIAX poly 1646
NIAtr!LHT34RG
NIAX triol LM 62
NIAX pol E 316
Nl polyol D 403
NIAX poly E 274
N poly LG 660
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C ft T/T
T/T ft T/C
T/T ft T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T ft T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/C ft T/T
T/C ft T/T
T/T
T/C ft T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/C
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/C
-------
TABLE 12 {Continued)
Product Nam*
Tergitol NPX AN
Tergitol TMN
Tergitol X D
Tergitol X D
Mixture PM 4881
TEOS40
Tetraethyl gly
TetetenepenUmi
Tetraethylorsil
1.2. 3. 6-tebenz
1,2, 3, 6-tebenicr
Toluene, nitrogen gi
Trichlorethane
Triethanolamine, comm.
Triethanolamine
Triethanolamine
Trieth 99
Mixture PM 4024
Mixture PM 4771
Trietene Glycol
Trietene glycol
Trietene gly HP
Trieth gly HP
Mixture PM 31 29
Triethylene tetramine
Triiiopropamla
Tri propy jly
UCAR latex 46
UCAR latex 131
UCAR lat 180 Wet
UCAR lat 360 Wet
U Lat L19 Kelly
U Lat 360 modif
UCAR Lat PM 5100
UCAR Lat 131 mod
Mixture PM 5178
UCAR Lat 180 mod
UCAR lat add ft
UCAR latex 360
UCAR latex 891
Mixture PM 3923
UCAR latex 680
UCAR latex 370
UCAR imp F120S2
UCAR PM 4386
Mixture PM 4096
UCAR fuel AD 600
UC lat VCX 1370
UCAR Pap B1 40
UCAR Pap Bl 40
UCAR Solv LM
UCAR 2 LM
UCAR latex 865
UCAR lat WC 130
Mixture PM 5124
UCON dewier JL1
Mixture PM 4461
UCON B F PM 4961
UCON PM 4274
UCON PM 3265
Mixture PM 4250
Mixture PM 4210
Mixture PM 4016
Container
Type
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T & Barge
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T, T/C »
Barge
T/T. T/C &
Barge
T/C, T/T &
Barge
T/T, T/C &
Barge
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/C » T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/C & T/T
Source
Interplant
514
"
"
"
Interplant
Interplant
514
"
Imerplant
••
514
Interplant
Interplant
••
514
"
Interplant
"
"
514
Interplant
514
514
"
"
••
"
"
••
"
••
514
"
"
••
Storage Tank
Size*
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Product Name
UCON PM 4324
Mixture PM 4329
UCON PM 746
Mixture PM 4602
UCON PM 4823
UCON PM 4916
Mixture PM 3983
UCON PM 5157
UCON PM 5158
UCON PM 5255
UCON 75H 1400
Mixture PM 3031
UCON PM 3427
Mixture PM 4191
Mixture PM 4191
UCON PM 1884
UCON 50HB 170
UCON 50 HB 260
Mixture PM 4857
UCONIutaPM 1269
UCON lub PM 0903
Mixture PM 3736
UCON 50HB 400
UCON 50 HB 600
U50HB660COSG
UCON lub SA 33
Mixture PM 4952
Mixture PM 5008
UCON lub SA 20
UCON 50HB 3520
UCON BOH B 5 100
UCON lub LB 65
Mixture PM 4775
UCON lub Lb 285
UCON lub LB 385
UCON lubPM 1461
UCON PM 5066
UCON lub LB 625
UCON lub PM 0827
UCONPM 1175
UCON PM 1243
UCON rub lub 77
UCON lub LB 1145
UCON lub PM 0824
UCON lub LB 1715
UCON lub LB 1715
UCON lub PM 1018
UCON DA 1905
Mixture PM 3196
UCON sol WC 144
UCON sol WC 322
UCON PM 3068
UCON PM 3047
UCON PM 3417
UCON WC 65
Valeraldehyde
Valeric acid
Valeric acid
Mixture PM 4000
Vinyl acetate
Vin acet in LHQ
Mixture PM 3847
Mixture PM 3870
Viny chlo
Vin et ether cr
Vinyl et ether
Container
Type
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C, T/T &
Barge
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/T
Barge
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/T
Barge
T/C & T/T
T/T
T/C & T/T
T/C
T/C
T/C
Source
..
"
••
••
••
••
••
"
514
••
"
••
"
••
"
••
"
"
"
"
••
"
••
"
"
••
514
••
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
••
••
••
Interplant
514
Interplant
"
514
••
Purchased
514
••
Storage Tank
Sin*
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
A
A
166
Arthur D Little InC
-------
FMC Corporation
Inorganic Chemicals Division
South Charleston, West Virginia
Contacts: Mr. M. E. Birmington, Resident Manager
Mr. F. Harvey Herbert, General Engineering Superintendent
Mr. E. P. Cook, Assistant Pollution Control Supervisor
Mr. Jack Bowling, Department Superintendent
Mr. E. F. Eckert, Department Superintendent
Mr. Chuck Taylor, Department Superintendent
Mr. George Walther, Department Superintendent
Date of Survey: October 6, 1970
Property Description
The Inorganic Chemicals Division plant of the FMC Corporation is located
on the south bank of the Kanawha River and covers an area about one-quarter
mile wide by one mile long. It is bounded on the east by UCC's plant and on the
south and west by mixed commercial and residential districts of South Charles-
ton. The land is flat, but is on a bluff situated about 20 to 30 feet above the river.
A large number of chemicals are processed and manufactured; the most significant
of these are chlorine, caustic soda, carbon bisulfide, carbon tetrachloride, am-
monia, and hydrogen peroxide. A relatively new operation is the manufacture of a
dry bleach from chlorine, urea, and caustic soda.
Hazardous Materials
Table 13 is composed of a list of hazardous materials handled at the FMC
Corporation, Inorganic Chemical Division Plant.
Bulk Storage Facilities and Pipelines
Caustic soda is a principal product of the plant and is loaded and shipped in
16,000-gal. railroad tank cars. There is also some shipment of 70% caustic by tank
truck and barge. The loading station is comprised of eight spots for tank cars and
one for trucks. Operation is usually confined to the day shift and is controlled by
two operators. The cars are top-loaded and the operator observes the fill visually,
stopping the pump by remote control. The loading area is surrounded by a
drainage culvert which runs directly into the river. Caustic soda is stored in a
number of vertical tanks, each about 20 feet in diameter by 30 feet high with a
capacity of 500 tons of 50% NaOH. The tanks are emptied, cleaned, inspected,
and repaired on an annual basis. Level monitoring is effected by a float-type gage
with an indicator outside the tank. All transfers are recorded and cross-checked
by gaging both the sending and receiving tanks.
167
Arthur D Little Inc
-------
TABLE 13
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AT FMC CORPORATION,
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION
SOUTH CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA
Material
Shipment Container Size Source
(thousands of gallons)
Storage Tank Size* Comments
Sulfuricacid, 93%
Hydrochloric acid, 33%
Brine (25% NaCI)
Liquid chlorine
NaOH, 70%
NaOH, 50%
NaOH, 50%
NaOH, 50%
NaOH, 20%
KOH, 45%
Urea
H2O2,70%
H202,50%
H202,25%
Tri-octyl phosphate
Carbon tetrachloride
Liquid sulfur
Aromatic solvent
Carbon bisulfide
Anhydrous ammonia
Aqua ammonia, 29%
*{a) Under 100,000 gallons
(b) 100,000 to 500,000 gallons
-------
Carbon tetrachloride is stored in an above-ground tank farm consisting of
one large (100,000-gal.) and seven small vertical tanks. Carbon bisulfide is stored
in horizontal tanks which are located in a below grade concrete sump and are
permanently covered with water. Any spill or leakage sinks to the bottom of the
sump and is collected and recovered from a low spot. Shipment is by rail car with
top connections only. The transfer is made from storage by nitrogen pressure and
is monitored from an elevated control booth.
FMC maintains two transfer stations for barge shipments on the river bank.
One of these is exclusively for receipt of liquid sulfur and is fitted with steam-
traced transfer lines. The transfer pump is on the sulfur barge and the storage tank
is located on the river bank. Inspection of these tanks is carried out twice a year.
At the dry bleach plant chlorine is received by tank car and used, as needed,
by unloading with dry air; there is no storage for chlorine. Urea is stored in a tank
with a capacity for about two tank trucks; the trucks are unloaded by their own
self-contained pumps. There is a storage tank for 10,000 gallons of sulfuric acid,
unloaded from tank cars by air pressure. The product of this plant is a dry powder;
it is stored in aluminum tote bins prior to packing for shipment in fiber drums.
The hydrogen peroxide plant is new and has been built with careful atten-
tion to desirable safety features. The principal danger is one of detonation; there
is little spill potential. An "organic work solution" is used and stored in four
5000-gal. horizontal tanks in a scuppered area. The solution is expensive and care
is necessary to prevent any loss by leakage or spill.
Past Spill Experience
See Table 11 for a listing of past spills in the Charleston area.
Spill Control Plan
FMC uses a rather formal procedure of notification and action in the event
of a spill; in general, it conforms to the KRIAC system. The first step is
notification to the FMC Pollution Control Department. This group determines the
severity of the spill by consideration of the nature and quantity of the material
spilled and the river flow data at the time of spill. When appropriate, FMC then
notifies the state and the other industrial and municipal water users which may be
affected.
FMC follows company standards, which recognize the spill hazard, in the
design and maintenance of its facilities. Recommendations of the Pollution
Control Department are given full consideration in development and review of
these standards.
169
Arthur D Little Inc
-------
FMC Corporation
Organic Chemicals Division
Nitro, West Virginia
Contacts: Mr. Robert Simokat, Engineering Superintendent
Mr. Martin Smith, Process Engineer
Date of Survey: October 6, 1970
Property Description:
The FMC Corporation plant at Nitro, West Virginia, is a small producer of
organic chemicals. The facility is approximately 40 years old and was owned by
the Ohio Apex Chemical Company until the 1950's. It is located on the right
bank of the Kanawha River about 42.7 miles from its mouth (Figure 26). The
plant is on sloping ground fairly close to the river. All chemicals come into the
plant by rail or truck.
Chemical Storage Facilities
Most chemicals are stored in tanks which have been removed from railroad
tank cars and are now located on permanent concrete footings. These tanks are
not diked. The principal tank farm is located along a railroad siding in the plant.
Most of the tanks have sight glasses and some have level indicators in the tank
yard control room as well as in the process control room.
Old tank-car tanks are gradually being replaced by new tanks. Dikes are being
placed around new installations. Money has been budgeted for long-range diking
of all tanks in the plant. Methanol is stored in a diked area and POC13 is stored in
two sets of two tanks in separate diked areas. The dikes will hold more than one
tank volume. The POC13 tanks are of solid nickel as are the lines. Carbon bisulfide
is stored in two 330,000-gal. tanks under water and below ground level. The
product is stored for resale.
Spill Notification Plan
FMC's spill plan consists of a shift foreman notifying the area supervisor who
determines what has been spilled and the quantity and then calls the engineering
superintendent, the laboratory superintendent, or the plant manager; the West
Virginia Department of Water Resources is also notified.
170
Arthur DLitthlnc
-------
rr
C
Photo Courtesy of U.S.A. Corps of Engineers
FIGURE 26 AERIAL VIEW OF MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY (left) AND FMC
CORPORATION ORGANICS PLANT (center), NITRO, WEST VIRGINIA
-------
Sewage Treatment
Some of the truck loading areas have drains that go to the "acid sewers" and
thence to a neutralizing tank before going to the aerated lagoon for biological
treatment. Several process areas are also connected to this system so the spills are
treated before being released to the river.
Preventive Maintenance Program
There is no routine preventive maintenance program. As leaks are noted, the
parts are repaired or replaced.
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials handled at the FMC Corporation, Organic Chemicals
Division, are presented in Table 14.
TABLE 14
FMC HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AT FMC CORPORATION,
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION
NITRO, WEST VIRGINIA
Material
POCI3
PCI 3
KP-140
TBP
MDP
Kronitex
Butyl alcohol
Butyl cellosolve
Caustic
Cyclohexanol
Heptane
Methanol
Phenol
Cresylie acid
Phosphorus
Shipping Container Size
(thousands of gallons)
6
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
20
20
17
Source
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T,T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C
T/T & T/C
T/T
T/T
T/T & T/C
T/T & T/C
T/C
Storage Tank Size*
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(a)
(a)
-------
Past Spill Experience
See Table 11 for a discussion of past spill experience.
Conclusions
This plant has many old but fairly small tanks of 8,000-10,000 gal. capacity
that are close enough to the river to present a potential spill hazard. The plant is
gradually replacing these old tanks and is incorporating dikes in its new installa-
tions. While the size of potential spills from this plant is relatively low, the present
policy of improving the installation should be pursued actively to further mini-
mize spill potential.
173
Arthur D Little Inc
-------
FMC Corporation
American Viscose Division
Nitro, West Virginia
Contacts: J. C. Moody, Plant Manager
H, C. Gainer, Technical Superintendent
John Janicki, Chief Environmental Chemist
Date of Survey: October 9, 1970
Property Description
FMC's American Viscose Division is a fairly large operation producing
essentially a single product — rayon staple. The property is located on the right
bank of the Kanawha River, 42,9 miles above its mouth. While the property goes
to the river, most of the manufacturing facilities are about one-quarter mile back
from the river bank.
Barge Station
Caustic soda is brought in by barge and by-product anhydrous sodium
sulfate is shipped out by barge. In a heavy rain, some sodium sulfate could be
washed into the river, but there is little likelihood of a large spill.
Carbon Bisulfide Storage
Carbon bisulfide is stored in steel tanks in a concrete basin and submerged in
water. Carbon bisulfide is brought into the plant in 20,000-gal. tank cars and one
car will fill two of the submerged tanks. When carbon bisulfide is pumped into the
storage tank in the process area, the tank is monitored by a Magnetrol level
control. The tank also has an overflow and a sight glass. Any overflow returns to
the water pit. Periodically, any spilled carbon bisulfide is pumped to a tank car
and sent back to the producer for repurification.
Sulfuric Acid Storage
Sulfuric acid is pumped directly from the Allied Chemical plant. There are
three storage tanks, but only one is used as a receiver and the acid is transferred
from it. There are level indicators on the tanks and plant personnel call for a
specific number of gallons of sulfuric acid to be pumped over. The warning horn
is checked daily and the functioning of the level and alarm system is checked
twice a week.
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There are no dikes around tanks, but most leaks from sulfuric acid tanks are
of pinhole size and are usually taken care of by neutralizing the acid with soda ash
until the leaking part can be repaired. These tanks are also so far from the water
that little danger of water pollution exists.
Zinc Sulfate Solution
Zinc sulfate is shipped into the plant in tank cars containing a 34% solution
of ZnSO4 'H2O. The car is air-pressurized at 7 pounds per square inch to force
the solution to prime the pump. The suction pipe goes in through the dome of the
car to the bottom, and when the contents are pumped out, the pump is shut off
and the suction line drains back into the car. The storage tanks hold over one
tankcar load each, so there is little danger of running them over. There is no sewer
or sump in the area so if any solution were spilled it would go on the ground.
Because of the method of operation, the possible spill volume would be only a
few drops.
Caustic Storage
Sodium hydroxide is pumped from the barge into tanks that will hold more
than a bargeload. The tanks have a level control. The caustic line is steamed out
back to the barge with a 15-pound steam line, so all drainage is returned to the
barge. Tank areas are not diked, but are very far from the river.
Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide
Sodium hydrogen sulfide is shipped into the plant as a 48% solution in tank
cars and is pumped to the process areas.
Amine-Phenol Mixture
An amine-substituted phenol mixture is brought into the plant in tank cars
and is pumped to a process area storage tank. A Magnetrol level control cuts off
the pump when the tank is full. Any overflow goes back to the tank car. If the
overflow line were plugged, there is a 2000-gal. catch tank to take any overflow,
but it has never been needed.
Oleic Acid
Oleic acid (red oil) arrives at the plant in tank cars and is pumped to the
process areas.
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Spill Reporting Procedure
Spills are reported to the Technical Department and, if they are serious, are
also reported to the state as is done in the other companies in the KRIAC group.
Sewer System
This plant has one section that is connected to an aerated lagoon disposal
system, while all other areas are on a common sewer system connected to a river
outfall. They will soon separate sewers to comply with the new West Virginia
requirements, and also plan to install a "panic pond" to protect their disposal
system from heavy overloads.
Hazardous Materials
Potentially hazardous materials handled at this plant are listed below.
Material Shipping Container Size Source
93% H2 SO4 - Pipeline
50%NaOH 1,200,000 pounds Barge
Carbon bisulfide 195,000 pounds Rail
Amine-phenol mix 66,000 pounds Rail
Oleic acid (red oil) 30,000 pounds Rail
NaHS45% 106,000 pounds Rail
Chlorine 2,000 pounds Truck (cylinders)
Past Spill Experience
See Table 11 for a listing of past spills.
Conclusions
This plant has relatively few chemicals that could contaminate the river.
Tanks holding caustic and sulfuric acid are not diked, but are a long distance from
the river. Materials such as CS2 and the amine-phenol mixture are handled in
well-designed equipment with good safeguards to minimize spill dangers.
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Monsanto Chemical Company
Nitro, West Virginia
Contacts: Mr. H. M. Galloway, Environmental Control Manager
Mr. John J. Matten
Mr. Bernard H. Estep
Date of Survey: October 6, 1970
Property Description
Monsanto's storage areas include one fairly large facility along the river in
which acetone and crude oil are stored on receipt from barges, a separate tank
farm area where organic solvents are handled, and a number of storage tanks
adjacent to process areas where the material is used.
At the river there are two separate receiving stations (Figure 26). Barges are
tied to piles. The pumping station for unloading materials is located on shore and
connection is made to the barge with flexible pressure hose. The hose is inspected
and pressure-tested on a regular schedule and the date of latest inspection is
stencilled on the hose. One of the two receiving stations handles acetone which is
pumped to a 500,000-gal. tank on the river bank enclosed in a large earthen dike.
The second receiving station handles tall oil which is pumped to three
500,000-gal. tanks and a variety of product and intermediate organic materials
which are stored in four 300,000-gal. aluminum tanks. This tank farm follows the
standard Monsanto practice for diking.
Monsanto handles and stores carbon disulfide. This material is received by
pipeline from the adjacent FMC plant. In many plants the standard for carbon
disulfide is to keep the storage tanks completely immersed in a diked area in
water. Any spill or leakage of carbon disulfide in such a system must drain to a
low point in the water pool from which it can be recovered by a sump pump.
Monsanto's installation is new and follows a different design philosophy. The tank
is enclosed in a dike and provision is made for water flooding if necessary. Since
the diked area is normally empty, any spill can be quickly detected and handled.
In the storage tank proper, Monsanto follows the usual practice of maintaining
the tank full of water above the carbon disulfide level. When the tank is filled,
water is displaced through a separator and flows to the process sewer. When the
tank is emptied, water is automatically admitted to maintain the tank full and at
atmospheric pressure. It is necessary to use thermostatic temperature control to
prevent freezing of this sealed water in the tank and in the transfer lines. The dike
around the carbon disulfide tank is of reinforced concrete design.
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HCN is obtained from the Belle plant of DuPont by railroad tank car. When
the car is shipped, DuPont notifies Monsanto and any delay in the 60-mile
transfer down the river can be investigated immediately. A carefully worked out
plan of notification and emergency action is in force in the event of any
emergency during shipment of the car between the two plants. At the Monsanto
plant the tank car is spotted in an exact location at the unloading position. The
car is of special design, including roller bearing trucks so that easy movement
without shock can be effected. Connection from the tank car to Monsanto's
unloading pump is made by a solid stainless-steel pipeline; no flexible joints are
used. The pipe is pickled with acid and washed before installation and then
pressure-tested to 40 psi with nitrogen. Nitrogen at 10 psi is then used to force
unload the car to Monsanto's storage tank. Monsanto's storage tank is a refriger-
ated tank with special provision for monitoring for leaks of HCN gas. A pressure
control system maintains 2 psi of nitrogen on the storage tank and the vent is
through a flare. A pilot light burns constantly at the top of the flare so that any
HCN in the vent gas is automatically destroyed. All connections to the storage
tank, as well as to the box car, are at the top of the tank. There are no bottom
connections of any kind. HCN is soluble in water and there is a deluge system
fitted to the storage tank as well as to the tank car area for immediate flooding of
any leak with water.
Drainage
Although the plant is located directly on the Kanawha River, there is no
drainage directly to the river. All effluent flows through a treatment plant,
including rainfall. The storm runoff does not greatly increase the load on the
treatment plant.
Design and Operating Practices
Monsanto's practice is to build a dike around any tank containing a toxic,
flammable, or water-insoluble material. Chemicals such as HCN, aniline, butyl
acetate, formalin, xylene, and acrolein are diked. Inorganic reagents such as
sulfuric acid are not diked. Monsanto feels that the cost of a dike for these
materials is not justified, since the most likely method of disposal of a spill would
be by dilution and control discharge to the river in any event. A spill would not
flow directly to the river, but would be handled via the treatment plant. Carbon
disulfide and HCN were cited as two dangerous materials for which special
handling is required. Facilities for these chemicals were inspected during the
plant tour.
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In addition to diking, it is Monsanto's practice to use catch basins and sumps
wherever the likelihood of leakage and spill is high. The standard for fill lines to
large storage tanks is evolving. Current practice is to run this line to the tank via a
high loop. The line enters the top of the tank and extends to near the bottom so
that during the fill there is no fall of liquid in the tank. This practice guards
against vaporization of volatile materials and ignition via static charge. To prevent
siphoning, Monsanto drills a small vent hole in the fill line inside the tank near the
top. This design is under review because of the fear that during the fill spray of
liquid through this vent hole may cause some static electricity problems. All tanks
are subject to regularly scheduled inspection to determine their condition. The
shell thickness is inspected by ultrasonic gaging. On tanks where corrosion is
likely to be a problem, the tank is emptied, cleaned, and visually inspected.
Hazardous Chemicals
A list of materials handled at the Nitro plant is included as Table 15.
Past Spill Experience
See Table 11 for a discussion of postspill experience.
Spill Control Plan
Monsanto is a member of the KRIAC Committee and follows the practice of
the several Kanawha Valley emergency and disaster control plans.
179
Arthur DLittklnc
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TABLE IS
Mitral
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AT MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY,
NITRO, WEST VIRGINIA
Ship. Container Sin
Source
Storage Tank Sin*
Dimer Mid
93%H,SO»
100XH,SO«
TSA
Acrolein
Hydrobetyl alcohol
TAA
Aqua ammonia
ATC
Aniline
ButyraMehyde
Carbon-bisulfide
Oenzoline
Chlorine
TBM crnol
Cyctohcxylamim
Dodecyl benzene
DIPA
DTAP
DO A
Heavy
aromatic naphtha
Heptane
Hydrogen cyanide
liopropanol
Kerosene
Methanof
Methyl mercaptan
Morpholtne
«6 process oil
Ptrapnenetidine
Semolube 393
Santolube 394-C
TBA
Trichloropropene
Toluene
Xylem
SOKauttic
Isoamylene
Formaldehyde
Potassium hydroxide
CTO
« Variol
Butanol
CHM
Pnthslfc anhydride
Ethyl acrylato
2-Elhyl-nexyl ecrylate
Anhydrous ammonia
Nitrogen
Acetttdehyde
2,6-dimethyl morpholme
Sultur dichloride
Sulfur
Sulfur monochloride
300.000
8,000
150.000
10,000
10.000
6,000
8,000
5,000
5.000
10,000
20.000
10.000
Pumped from
neighboring plant
6,000
10.000
20,000
10,000
10.000
10,000
8.000
10,000
10.000
6.000
6,000
6,000
10,000
6.000
20,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
10,000
10.000
6,000
12,000
6,000
6,000
10,000
300.000
6.000
6.000
10.000
6,000
S.OOO
8,000
6,000
6,000
10,000
10,000
8,000
4.000
10,000
Barge
Rail
Barje
Rail
Rail/truck
Rail
Rail
Truck
Truck
Rail
Rail
Rail
Truck
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Truck
Rail
Truck
Rail
Truck
Rail
Truck
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Rail
Truck
Rail
Truck
Truck
Rail
Rail, truck,
barge
Truck
Truck
Rail
Truck
Rail
Rail
Truck
Truck
Rail
Rail
Rail
Truck
Rail
(bl
la)
Ib)
(i)
(a)
(a)
la)
(a)
(•I
la)
(a)
la)
(a)
(al
la)
la)
(a)
(a)
(a)
la)
la)
la)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(al
la)
(al
la)
la)
(a)
(9)
(a)
la)
la)
(al
(a)
(a)
(c)
(a)
la)
(a)
la)
la)
-------
00
Material
#2 Varsol
Butanol
CHM
Phthalic anhydride
Ethyl aery late
2-Ethyl-hexyl acrylate
Anhydrous ammonia
Nitrogen
Acetaldehyde
2, 6-dimethyl morpholine
Sulfur dichloride
Sulfur
Sulfur monochloride
TCE
Muriatic acid
Creosote oil
Dowtherm A
Diphenyl-amine
2,3 Dichloropropene
Oiisobutylene
Mersize
Santoflex DO
Santoquin
Oil additives
Santocizer 429
Avadex
Vegadex
Santoflex 13
Santoflex 503A
Avadex BW
Ship Container Size
(gal.)
6,000
6.000
10.000
6.000
8,000
8,000
6.000
6,000
10,000
10,000
8.000
4,000
10.000
6,000
20,000
6,000
6,000
6.000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10.000
10.000
10.000
6,000
10,000
10,000
6,000
10,000
10.000
Source
Truck
Truck
Rail
Truck
Rail
Rail
Truck
Truck
Rail
Rail
Rail
Truck
Rail
Truck
Rail
Truck
Truck
Truck
Rail
Rail
Rail/truck
Rail/truck
Rail/truck
Rail/truck
Rail/truck
Rail/truck
Rail
Truck
Rail
Rail/truck
Storage Tank Size*
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
Comments
Kerosene
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Not diked
Stored in tank Ca
Not diked
Liquid/not diked
Stored in tank car
Stored in tank car
Not diked
Not diked
Not diked
Trichloroethylene/not diked
HCI/not diked
Stored in tank car
Not diked
Not diked
Paper sizing agent/not diked
6-dodecyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,
4-trimethylquinoline/not diked
Not diked - Ethoxyquin-1,2-dihydro-
6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylqu incline
Not diked
proprietary, complex mixtures
Plasticizer/not diked
Not diked - Solution of
S-2,3-dichloro-allyl
diisopropylthio carbamate
Not diked - Solution of
2-chloroallyl diethyldithio
carbamate
Not diked - N-(1,3dimethylbutyl)
N '-pheny I -p-pheny lened iam ine
Not diked, rubber antioxidant
Not diked - Solution of 2.2.
3-trichloroallyl diisopropylthio
carbamate
c
-t
'(a) Under 100,000gal.
(b) 100.000 to 500,000 gal.
(c) Over 500.000 gal.
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E. I. DuPont
Belle, West Virginia
The E. I. DuPont facility was not visited. A list of hazardous materials
handled was furnished by DuPont and is included as Table 16. Figure 27 shows
the DuPont facility at Belle, West Virginia.
TABLE 16
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AT E. I. DuPONT
BELLE, WEST VIRGINIA
Material Ship Container Size Source Storage Tank Size*
Acetic acid T/C (a)
Anhydrous ammonia T/CB (c)
Methyl, di and
tri-methyl amines T/C T/T (a)
Acetone B (c)
Aniline T/C (a)
Cyclohexane B (c)
Di-isopropylamine * -j-j jd T/T (a)
Ethanol S g §> T/C T/T (a)
2-ethyl hexanol § 8 § T/T (a)
Ethylene glycol °. ix o T/C B (c)
Hexamethylimine « 2 oo T/C (a)
Hydrogen cyanide ° § P T/C (a)
Isobutanol § CN 8 T/c T/T (a)
Isopropyl ether ^ ^ ° T/C (c)
Methyl ethyl ketone E 2 § T/C (a)
N-butanol •§ g, E T/c (a)
Methacrylate monomers g, 1* 2 T/C T/T (c)
Methyl formate i £ u T/C (a)
Molten sulfur « S c T/T (a)
Tergitol® | JJ 2 T/T {a)
Methanol b § S B (c)
Dimethyl sulfate _^^ £ T/CT/T (a)
Dimethyl ether = = ? T/C (a)'
Formamide H i- CD T/C (a)
Phosphoric acid • • • T/T (a)
T/C = Railroad Tank Car T/T = Tank truck B = River barge
*(a) Under 100,000 gal. (b) 100,000 to 500,000 gal. (c) Over 500,000 gal.
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-
-„:
c
-t
D
Photo Courtesy of U.S.A. Corps of Engineers
FIGURE 27 AERIAL VIEW OF DUPONT PLANT, BELLE, WEST VIRGINIA
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Allied Chemical Corporation
Industrial Chemicals Division
Nitro, West Virginia
Contacts: Mr. Kelley Fagg, Plant Superintendent
Mr. William Stocker (from Morristown Office)
Date of Survey: October 8, 1970
Property Description
This company produces sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid in a plant located
close to the Kanawha River on the right bank of the river 43.2 miles above its
mouth. It is a comparatively small plant producing only two products. There is a
barge unloading area at the river, a sulfuric acid manufacturing unit, a hydro-
fluoric acid manufacturing unit, storage tanks for both products and a series of
lagoons for settling out the gypsum by-product.
Barge Station
Barges of fluorospar and molten sulfur are unloaded to supply the chemical
processing plants. In addition to the sulfuric acid manufactured by the plant,
additional sulfuric acid may be barged in and unloaded for resale. Also soda ash is
unloaded and shipped out by rail in covered hopper cars.
Sulfur Storage
Two tanks for storage of liquid sulfur are maintained at 275°F by means of
internal steam coils. The tanks are provided with quench water and steam to
blanket out any possible fire. The total capacity of these tanks is 18,000 tons, but
there is little danger of a spill that would contaminate the river because the spilled
sulfur would cool quickly and it will not flow below 243°F.
Hydrogen Fluoride Storage
The anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is stored under 40 pounds of pressure in
three tanks of 100,000 to 110,000 pounds capacity each. These tanks are on
scales and any leakage can be detected by weight loss as well as by odor. This
product is more likely to be an air pollutant than a water pollutant. Any spills in
this area or any vapors knocked down by fog nozzles would go to the treatment
ponds where the acid would be neutralized before final release to the river.
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Sulfuric Acid Storage
Sulfuric acid is stored in four tanks of 1000 tons capacity each. They are
used at the 800-ton level so total capacity is 3200 tons. The tanks are on pads 3
feet off the ground and there are no dikes. Loading is done only in daylight hours
with an operator present. If a leak should occur, the operator can cut off the
pump. Any back drainage or pump drips resulting from filling a tank car or tank
truck are drained into the sump under the filling area and to the soda ash pit for
neutralization.
Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Program
Two men are assigned to the preventive maintenance program and also spot
any leaks that might occur. From experience, the plant personnel know the
expected lives of various components. Tanks are inspected every 2 to 3 years by
test drilling and rewelding.
Spill Monitoring and Reporting
A pH probe is constantly monitoring the cooling water in both the hydro-
fluoric acid unit and the sulfuric acid unit. As a further check for leaks, a manual
determination of pH is done at 7 a.m. each day. In addition the operators have
methyl orange, and a colorimetric test is run twice per shift. In case of an
emergency the operators call the supervisor or plant superintendent.
Materials Shipped from the Plant
All anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is shipped in tank cars. Sulfuric acid is
shipped both by rail and in tank trucks. Allied Chemical also ships three truck-
loads of molten sulfur per week to the nearby Monsanto plant and 2000 tons per
month to the FMC plant in South Charleston. Soda ash is loaded in covered
hopper cars.
All hazardous materials are shipped with an accompanying "MCA Chem-
Card — Transportation Guide" (obtained from the Manufacturing Chemists' Asso-
ciation) which contains instructions to cover spills of the particular chemical being
shipped.
Past Spill Experience
See Table 11 for discussion of past spills.
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Conclusions
This plant has only a limited potential for spills that would affect the river.
Sulfuric acid is non-toxic in dilute solution and only small amounts of acid would
normally get to the river. It is questionable whether diking of the sulfuric tanks
would be desirable in this plant due to the distance of the tanks from the river.
The hydrogen fluoride tanks present a much greater potential for air pollution
than water pollution.
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APPENDIXES
-------
The illustration (top) on the opposite side depicts the
31st major chemical fish-kill during 1970 in Escambia
Bay, Florida.
- Wide-World Photo
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APPENDIX A
INVENTORIES OF MAJOR TRANSPORT, TRANSFER, AND STORAGE
FACILITIES INVOLVED IN HANDLING HAZARDOUS POLLUTING SUBSTANCES
Texas City, Texas
Baltimore, Maryland
Suisun Bay—Delta Area, California
Charleston, West Virginia
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The plant inventories, upon which the survey covered in this report was
based, were developed from the following sources:
1. Fortune Plant and Product Directory, Volumes 1 and 2,
1966;
2. Local telephone directories for each community;
3. Directory of Texas Manufacturers, Volumes 1 and 2,
Bureau of Business Research, The University of Texas at
Austin, 1970;
4. West Virginia Manufacturers Directory, West Virginia
Department of Commerce/Industrial Development Divi-
sion, 1970;
5. Maryland Manufacturers Directory, Maryland Department
of Economic Development, 1969/1970;
6. Chamber of Commerce listings:
• Charleston, West Virginia,
• Texas City, LaMarque, Texas, and
• Metropolitan Baltimore;
7. Baltimore Charles Center Inner Harbor Management, Inc.
8. City of Charleston, West Virginia, City Engineers Office;
9. Contra Costa County Directory of Industries, published by
Contra Costa County Development Association, Martinez,
California.
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TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
1. American Oil Company
(Subsidiary of Standard Oil Company of
Indiana)
Box 401, 2401-5th Avenue, S.
Refining Manager: Guy L. Honeycutt
Employees: 1500
2. Amoco Chemicals Corporation
(Subsidiary of Standard Oil Company of
Indiana)
P.O. Box 568,
2800 Farm Road, 519 E.
Plant Manager: L.T. Larson
Employees: 400
3. Borden Chemical Company, Smith-
Douglas Division
(Subsidiary of the Borden Company)
P.O. Box 1571, Grant Avenue
Production Manager: W.M. Fraser, Jr.
Employees: 100
4. GAF Corporation
P.O. Box 2141, Highway 146, W
Plant Manager: F.E. Wetherill
Employees: 185
5. Gulf Chemical & Metallurgical Corp.
P.O. Box 2130, Highway FM 519
President: E.B. King
Employees: 150
6. Malone Chemical Products Company
Malone Service Company
Malone Trucking Company
P.O. Box 709
300-20th Streets, S.
President: Paul Malone
7. Marathon Oil Company-Texas Refining
Division
P.O. Box 1191, Ft. of 6th Street
Acting Manager: A.L. Benham
Employees: 345
8. Monsanto Company
P.O. Box 1311, 201 Bay Street, S.
Plant Manager: R.V. Butz
Employees: 1700
9. Reagent Chemical and Research, Inc.
East Galveston Highway
Plant Manager: G. Melder
10. Texas City Refining, Inc.
P.O. Box 1271, East Galveston Highway
President and General Manager: W.H. Fetter
Employees: 300
11. Texas City Terminal Railway Company
P.O. Box 591, E. Galveston Highway
General Manager: W. Wimberly
Employees: 92
12. Un ion Carbide Corporation
Chemicals & Plastics Division
P.O. Box 471, Texas City Heights
Plant Manager: R.P. Barry
Employees: 2600
190
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BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
1. Acme Plating Company
6001 Chemical Road
Baltimore 21226
Plant Executive: P.M. Kaiser
Employees: 5
2. Adcrafters, Inc.
1701 Washington Boulevard
Baltimore 21230
President: William L. Graf
Employees: 51
3. Aerosol International, Inc.
3511 8th Avenue
Baltimore 21226
Plant Manager: A.A. Prestwidge
Employees: 13
4. Agrico Chemical Company
(Division of Continental Oil Company)
2272 S. Clinton Street
Baltimore 21224
President: D.H. Bradford, Jr.
Employees: 109
5. Allied Chemical Corporation
Agricultural Division
2000 Race Street
Baltimore 21230
Supervisor: W.P. Chamberlain
Employees: 50-130 seasonal
6. Alcolac Chemical Corporation
3440 Fairfield Road
Baltimore 21226
President: Dr. V.J. Blinoff
Employees: 160
7. Allegheny Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.
400 Key Highway
Baltimore 21230
General Manager: Stanley Goldberg
Employees: 300
8. Allied Research Products, Inc.
4004 E. Monument Street
Baltimore 21205
President: Jules Horelick
Employees: 125
9. Almag Chemical Corporation
1800 Cherry Hill Road
Baltimore 21230
President: Joseph Eisenberg
Employees: 22
10. Alpha Chemical Company
1503-13 Argyle Avenue
Baltimore 21217
Owner: Maurice H. Simson
Employees: 11
11. Aluminum Finishers, Inc.
5000 E. Monument Street
Baltimore 21205
President & Sales: L.Coburn Kingsbury
Employees: 22
12. American Brewery
(A Division of Allegheny Beverage Corp.)
1700 N. Gay Street
Baltimore 21213
General Manager & Purch: Louis A. Urbanski
Employees: 141
13. American Can Company
Boston & Hudson Streets
Baltimore 21224
Plant Manager: Wendell Strickland
Employees: 900
14. American Oil Company
3901 Asiatic Avenue
Baltimore 21226
Manager: M.C. Hopkins
Employees: 70
15. American Smelting & Refining Company
Highway & Eastbourne Avenue
Baltimore 21224
Manager: AJ. Kleff, Jr.
Employees: 968
16. American Sugar Company
1100 Key Highway E
Baltimore 21230
Refinery Manager: James A. Moore
Employees: 700
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Baltimore, Maryland (Continued)
17. Ansam Metals Corporation 24.
1026 Patapsco Avenue
P.O. Box 2847
Baltimore 21225
President Purch. & Sales: E. Hettleman
Employees: 11
25.
18. Armco Steel Corporation
Advanced Materials Division
3501 E. Biddle Street
Baltimore 21213
P.O. Box 1697
Baltimore 21203
General Manager: George J. Arnold 26.
Employees: 2367
19. Armco Steel Corporation
Advanced Materials Division
Research Section
3501 E. Biddle Street
Baltimore 21213 27.
P.O. Box 1697
Baltimore 21203
Manager: G.N. Goller
20. Athey, C M Paint Company, The
1809 Bayard Street 28.
Baltimore 21230
Chairman of the Board: C.B. Athey
Employees: 35
21. Baltimore Copperas Company
3900 Hawkins Point Road 29.
Baltimore 21226
President: Jacob Caplan
Employees: 3
22. Baltimore Paint & Chemical Corp.
2325 Hollins Ferry Road 30.
Baltimore 21230
President: E.L. O'Brien
Employees: 375
23. Baltimore Rustproof Company
409 N.Exeter Street 31.
Baltimore 21202
Partner & Manager: Solomon Berman
Employees: 11
Baltimore Tar Corporation
1900 Race Street
Baltimore 21230
President & Purch.: Fred N. Lyons
Employees: 13
Bauer Chemical Company
1120 N.Appleton Street
Baltimore 21217
President, Plant Mgr., Purch. & Sales:
John G. Bauer
Employees: 4
Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Baltimore Yard
1101 Key Highway
Baltimore 21230
Chairman: E.F. Martin
Employees: 2685
Braun Rendering Company, Inc.
2008 Ontario Avenue
Baltimore 21230
Exec. VP & Purch.: Clarence E. Braun
Employees: 31
Bruning Paint Company, Inc.
Fleet & Haven Street
Baltimore 21224
Director of Sales: Raymond S. Kerin
Employees: 100
Burrough Bros. Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
2301 Hollins Street
Baltimore 21223
VP & General Manager: Reuben H. Israelson
Employees: 76
By-Products Processing Company, Inc.
829 W. Pratt Street
Baltimore 21201
iPresident: Kenneth H.L. Turner
Employees: 7
Chesapeake Asphalt Products Company
110S. Regester Street
Baltimore 21218
General Manager & Purch.: W.D. Gerber, Jr.
Employees: 8
192
Arthur D Little, Inc.
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Baltimore, Maryland (Continued)
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Chesapeake Paperboard Company, The
Fort Avenue & Woodall Street
Baltimore 21230
President; Plant Manager & Purch.:
James E. Smith
Employees: 200
Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Baltimore
1200 W.Hamburg Street
Baltimore 21230
President & General Manager:
William R. Ellis 41.
Employees: 212
Contact Paint & Chemical Corp.
4903 Snader Avenue
Baltimore 21215
President & Sales: Marvin Sklar
Employees: 12
39. Delta Chemical Manufacturing Company, Inc.
2101 Washington Boulevard
Baltimore 21230
President & Purch.: D.H. Koumjian
Employees: 17
40. Dentocide Chemical Company
3437 S. Hanover Street
Baltimore 21225
President & Sales: Dr. Saul Moses
Donahue, J. Paints, Inc.
2220 Langley Street
Baltimore 21230
President, Plant Exec. & Sales: F. Donahue
Employees: 40
42.
Continental Can Company, Inc.
Plant 16
3500 E. Biddle Street
Baltimore 21213
Plant Manager: G.R. Decorato
Employees: 1500
Continental Oil Company
3441 Fairfield Road
Baltimore 21226
Plant Manager: W.B. Carter
Employees: 205
Crusader Chemical Company, Inc.
2330 Seven Street
Baltimore 21230
President, Director Research, Plant
Manager, Purch. & Sales:
Paul Stamberger
Employees: 6
Dek, Inc.
701-09 Luzerne Avenue
Baltimore 21224
President, Plant Manager & Purch.:
Cyprien L. Brien
Employees: 3
Dryden Oil Company, Inc.
Braddish Avenue & Western Md. RR
Baltimore 21216
President: Lindsey D. Dryden
Employees: 58
43. Dulany-Vernay, Inc.
2250 Reisterstown Road
Baltimore 21217
President: John F. Miller
Employees: 63
44. Duro-Lite Paint Company
1525 Benhill Avenue
Baltimore 21226
President Purch. & Sales: Dr. David
Sonnenschein
Employees: 5
45. Dynasurf Chemical Corpation
1411 Fleet Street
Baltimore 21231
President: Dr. Irvin Baker
Employees: 35
46. FMC Corporation
1701 Patapsco Avenue
Baltimore 21226
P.O. Box 1616
Baltimore 21203
Res. Manager: J. Ford Wilson
Employees: 378
193
Arthur D Little, inc
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Baltimore, Maryland (Continued)
47. Feralloy Eastern Corporation 54.
2001 Kloman Street
Baltimore 21230
VP General Manager: T.B. Treadwell
Employees: 20
48. Fuld Bros., Inc.
702-710 S.Wolfe Street 55.
P.O. Box 6073
Baltimore 21231
President: E.K. Lipsy
Employees: 60
49. GAP Corporation
1500S. Ponca Street
P.O. Box 5166 56.
Baltimore 21224
Chairman & President:
Dr. Jesse Werner
Employees: 130
50. Glidden-Durkee Division 57.
Pigments & Color Group
3901 Hawkins Point Road
Baltimore 21226
Sales Manager: L.C. Byrne
Employees: 571 58.
51. Glidden-Durkee Division of
of SCM Corporation
3901 Hawkins Point Road
Baltimore 21226
VP & Plant Exec.: W.L. Rodich 59.
Employees: 527
52. Glidden-Durkee Division
SCM Corporation
Ceramics Group
5601 Eastern Avenue 60.
Baltimore 21224
VP & General Manager: W.L. Rodich
Employees: 300
53. Grace, W.R. & Company
Agricultural Products Division 61.
Curtis Bay Works & Mill Plant
Baltimore 21226
VP - Agricultural Chem. Grp.:
F.J. Sergeys
Employees: 264
194
Grace, W.R. & Company
Davison Chemical Division
101 N.Charles Street
Baltimore 21201
President: Charles E. Brookes
Employees: 139
Grace, W.R. & Company
Davison Chemical Division
Curtis Bay Plant
Baltimore 21226
P.O. Box 2117
Baltimore 21203
President: Charles E. Brookes
Green Spring Dairy, Inc.
1020W.41 Street
Baltimore 21211
President: James J. Ward, Sr.
Employees: 490
Griffith & Boyd Company
1800 S. Clinton Street
Baltimore 21224
Employees: 12
Hanline Bros., Inc.
1400 Warner Street
Baltimore 21230
President: Leonard H. Cohan
Employees: 50
Haven Chemical Corporation
1501 S. Haven Street
Baltimore 21224
President: K.N.Yellott
Employees: 15
Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc.
Charles & Chase Streets
Baltimore 21201
President: J.H. Fitzgerald Dunning
Employees: 145
Industrial Chemical Division
Allied Chemical Corporation
Block & Wills Streets
Baltimore 21231
President: J.S. Brown
Employees: 321
Arthur D Little, Inc
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Baltimore, Maryland (Continued)
62. Koontz,H.E. Creamery, Inc., The 70.
5600 Reisterstown Road
Baltimore 21215
President: George C. Oursler
Employees: 320
71.
63. LACO Products, Inc.
4201 Pulaski Highway
Baltimore 21224
President: S.A. Hoffberger
Employees: 50
64. Langrall, J & Bros., Inc.
2105 Aliceanna Street 72.
Baltimore 21231
VP& Sales: H.Edwin Jones
Employees: 35-250
65. Lenmar Lacquers, Inc.
150 S. Calverton Road 73.
Baltimore 21223
President: Leonard E. Eisenberg
Employees: 50
66. Lever Bros. Company
5300 Holabird Avenue 74.
Baltimore 21224
P.O. Box 1737
Baltimore 21203
Plant Manager: F.A. Vaughan
Employees: 1111
75.
67. M&T Chemicals, Inc.
1900 Chesapeake Avenue
Baltimore 21226
Plant Manager: D.B. Read
68. Mangels, Herald Company, Inc.
1414 Key Highway 76.
Baltimore 21230
Chairman: Walter B. Mangels, Jr.
Employees: 96
69. Man/elite, Inc.
3020 Nieman Avenue
Baltimore 21230
Employees: 29
Maryland Plating Company, Inc.
316 N. Holliday Street
Baltimore 21202
President: Joseph Eisenberg
Masury Paint Company
1403 Severn Street
Baltimore 21230
P.O. Box 778
Baltimore 21203
President: W. Graham Schwartz
Employees: 120
Mrs. Bee's Packing Company, Inc.
137 S. Warwick Avenue
Baltimore 21223
President: Myles Katz
Employees: 66
National Brewing Company
3720 Dillon Street
Baltimore 21224
President: Jerold C. Hoffberger
Employees: 844
National Chemical & Plastics Company, The
1424 Phi I pot Street
Baltimore 21231
VP & Plant Exec. Arthur A. Eisenberg
Employees: 22
National Cylinder Gas Division
Chemetron Corporation
1700 Newkirk Street
Baltimore 21224
Branch Manager: John C. Ross
Employees: 17
National Lead Company
Baltimore Branch
214 W. Henrietta Street
Baltimore 21230
P.O. Box 1815
Baltimore 21203
Plant Sup.: Ralph W. Hisey
Employees: 51
195
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Baltimore, Maryland (Continued)
77. National Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Company, The
4128 Hayward Avenue
Baltimore 22115
President: I.M.Mendelsohn
Employees: 44
78. Occidental Petroleum
Occidental Agricultural Chemical Corp.
Summers Fertilizer Division
Easter Division, Totman Building
(210 E. Redwood)
Baltimore 21202
79. Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation
5501 Pennington Avenue
Baltimore 21226
Works Manager: A.B. Moon
Employees: 105
80. Philadelphia Quartz Company
1301 E. Fort Avenue
Baltimore 21230
Plant Manager: J. Van Winkle
Employees: 12
81. Plan Corporation
1415 Key Highway
Baltimore 21230
President: James Beach Platt, Jr.
Employees: 50
82. Pompeian Olive Oil Corporation
4201 Pulaski Highway
Baltimore 21224
President: S.A. Hoffberger
Employees: 47
83. Prima Paint Corporation
819 S.Caroline Street
Baltimore 21231
President: Albert A. Shuger
Employees: 42
84. Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Co.
1422 Nicholson Street
Baltimore 21230
Plant Manager: Richard C. Smith
Employees: 450
85.
86.
87.
88.
90.
91.
92.
Royal Crown Bottling Company of
Baltimore, Inc.
401 E. 30th Street
Baltimore 21218
President & Purch.: Kenneth H. Burcham
Employees: 158
Royster Company
2001 Chesapeake Avenue
Baltimore 21226
Supervisor: M.G. Rogers
Employees: 101
Schaefer, F&M Brewing Company, The
1101 S. Conkling Street
Baltimore 21224
General Manager: Joseph J. Waters
Employees: 350
Schapiro & Whitehouse, Inc.
Parking & McHenry Streets
Baltimore 21230
President: Daniel Schapiro
Employees: 300
Seaboard Asphalt Products Company
Asiatic Avenue N. of Northbridge Road
Baltimore 21226
Owner: H.R.Gundlach
Employees: 26
Seaboard Lacquer, Inc.
3105 W. Coldspring Lane
Baltimore 21215
President: Merle W. Rubens
Employees: 10
Sherwood Feed Mills, Inc.
2341 Boston Street
Baltimore 21202
President: E.F.Sherwood Dickinson
Employees: 66
Sinclair and Valentine
(Division of Martin Marietta Corp.)
2950 Loch Raven Road
Baltimore 21218
Br. & Plant Manager & Sales:
Charles J. Sweeney
Employees: 23
196
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Baltimore, Maryland (Continued)
93. Solarine Company
4201 Pulaski Highway
Baltimore 21224
President: S.A. Hoffberger
Employees: 50
94. Southern Galvanizing Company
1620 Bush Street
Baltimore 21230
President: Irvin B. Golboro
Employees: 106
95. Southern Lacquer Company
1426 Philpot Street
Baltimore 21231
Work Manager: Aaron A. Eisenberg
Employees: 23
96. Stalfort, Inc.
Chemical Specialties Division
319 W. Pratt Street
Baltimore 21201
President: John Irving Stalfort
Employees: 82
97. Standard Distillers Products, Inc.
306-310 E. Lombard Street
Baltimore 21202
President & Purch.: Andrew W. Merle,
Employees: 64
98. Standard Oil Company (Indiana)
American Oil Company
Baltimore Refinery
3901 Asiatic Avenue
Baltimore 21226
99. Swift & Company
Agricultural Chemicals Division
5600 Chemical Road
P.O. Box 3410
Baltimore 21226
Manager: C.P. LaVo
Employees: 47
100. Webb, A.L. & Sons, Inc.
921 E. Fort Avenue
Baltimore 21230
President: Charles A. Webb
Employees: 12
101. Young Aniline Works, Inc.
2731 Boston Street
Baltimore 21224
VP& Sales: Robert J. Grant
Employees: 50
102. Young, J.S. Company, The
2701-2851 Boston Street
Baltimore 21224
President: W.B. Belitz
Employees: 123
Curtis Bay
103. Kennecott Refining Corporation
Kenbo Road
Curtis Bay
P.O. Box 3407
Baltimore 21226
Refinery Manager: C.A. Zeldin
Employees: 780
Jr.104. Manganese Chemicals Company
(A Division of Pickands Mather & Co.)
711 Pittman Road
Curtis Bay
Baltimore 21226
President: F.R.Dykstra
Employees: 144
105. USS Agri-Chemicals, Inc.
Ordnance Road
P.O. Box 3478
Curtis Bay
Baltimore 21226
District Manager: S.R.Post
Employees: 70
197
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Baltimore, Maryland (Continued)
Dundalk
106. Cello Chemical Company, The
8200 Fischer Road
Dundalk
Baltimore 21222
President: Michael J. Catena
Employees: 40
107. Eastern Stainless Steel Corporation
Rolling Mill Road
Dundalk
Baltimore 21224
President: John M.Curley
Employees: 1396
108. Parboil Company, The
Division of Beatrice Foods
8200 Fischer Road
Dundalk
Baltimore 21222
President: H.D.Hammond
Employees: 125
109. Four Roses Distilling Company
1919 Willow Spring Road
Dundalk
Baltimore 21222
P.O. Box 357
Baltimore 21203
Plant Manager: C.N. Belik
Employees: 525
110. I ntercoastal Corporation
2320 Edgewater Avenue
Dundalk
Baltimore 21222
General Manager: Roy L. Hartman
Employees: 90
Sparrows Point
111. Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Sparrows Point Plant
Baltimore 21219
Chairman: E.F.Martin
Employees: 27,750
112. Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Sparrows Point Yard
Baltimore 21219
Chairman: E.F.Martin
Employees: 2902
113. National Can Corporation
Reservoir Road
P.O. Box 6606
Sparrows Point
Baltimore 21219
President: R.Stuart
Employees: 376
114. Palm Oil Recovery, Inc.
c/o Bethlehem Steel Company
Sparrows Point Plant
P.O. Box 6657
Baltimore 21219
President: J.C. Van Esterik
Employees: 25
115. U.S. Protective Coatings, Inc.
5 Church Lane
Sparrows Point
Baltimore 21219
President & Purch.: Robert L. Henry III
Employees: 5
116. Vulcan Materials Company
Metallics Division
Gray's Road
P.O. Box 6501
Sparrows Point
Baltimore 21219
Plant Manager & Purch.: J.J. Jeffries
Employees: 35
Halethorpe
117. Carl ing Brewing Company
4501 Hollins Ferry Road
Halethorpe
Baltimore 21227
VP Eastern Division: Bruce P. Wilson
Employees: 290
118. Union Carbide Corporation
Linde Division
Yale and Benson Avenues
Box 7475
Halethorpe
Baltimore 21227
Plant Sup.: JohnH.Hecox
Employees: 25
198
Arthur D Little. InC
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SUISUN BAY-DELTA, CALIFORNIA
Antioch
1. Antioch Building Materials Company
Sumersville Road & Pillsbury -
Antioch Highway
President: Joe Cesa
Employees: 36
2. Antioch Newspapers, Inc.
1700 Cavallo Road
Manager: Keith Emenegger
Employees: 42
3. Crown Zellerbach Corp.
Box 10
Resident Manager: Charles E. Young
Employees: 900
4. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
P.O. Box 310
Manager: Frank J. Hodges
Employees: 435
5. Fibrebrand Corporation
San Joaquin Pulp & Board Mill
Wilbur Avenue
Plant Manager: R.G. Beauregard
Employees: 575
6. Fulton Shipyard
Waterfront
Owner: F.L.Fulton
Employees: 40
7. Imperial West Chemical Company
P.O. Box 313
President: D.A. Huckabay
Employees: 9
8. Kaiser Gypsum
P.O. Box 460
VP & General Manager: R.A. Costa
Employees: 100
9. Kerley Chemical Corp.
Willow Road & S.P. Railroad Tracks
Manager: Ralph E. Kerley
Employees: 4
10. S & H Boatyard
Route 1, Box 514
President: Dan Sanderson
Employees: 7
Avon
11. Monsanto Company
Post Office: Martinez
Manager: V.T. Mattericci
Employees: 28
12. Phillips Petroleum — Avon Refinery
Post Office: Martinez
Manager: C.R. McCullough
Employees: 900
Benicia
13. Humble Oil Refinery
Benicia
14. J and J Disposal
Benicia Industrial Park
President: Howard Jenkins
Crockett
15. California and Hawaiian Sugar Company
830 Loring Avenue
General Manager: Neil L. Pennington
Employees: 1450
Hercules
16. Hercules Incorporated
Hercules
Manager: L.B.Johnson
Employees: 225
17. Sequoia Refining Corporation
Old Highway 40 - P.O. Box 68
Plant Manager: Walter 0. Nelson
Employees: 85
199
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Suisun Bay - Delta, California (California)
Martinez
18. Berwind Railway Service Company
111 Mococo Road
Plant Manager: William L. Heritage
Employees: 15
19. Industrial Tank Inc.
21 OBevellessa Street
Owners: Henry W. Simonsen and
Jack 0. Fries
Employees: 25
20. Shell Chemical Company
P.O. Box 75T
Plant Manager: Marvin L. Baker
Employees: 190
21. Shell Oil Company
P.O. Box 711
Refinery Manager: A.J. Wood
Employees: 1015
22. Telfer Tank Lines, Inc.
Foot of Talbart
President: John W. Telfer
Employees: 50
23. Trumbull Asphalt Company
120 Waterfront Road
Superintendent: Louis E. Southers
Employees: 13
Nichols
24. Chemical and Pigment Company
Post Off ice: Pittsburg
Manager: Everett Harris
Employees: 25
25. Collier Carbon and Chemical Corp.
Port Chicago Highway
Superintendent: Robert A. Royce
Employees: 30
26. Industrial Chemical Division
Allied Chemical Corp.
Post Office: Pittsburg
Superintendent: V.A. Fink
Employees: 115
Pittsburg
27. The Dow Chemical Company — Western
Division
Loveridge Road
General Manager: E.G. Stalhling
Employees: 660
28. Linde Company (Division of Union Carbide)
California Avenue at Loveridge Road
Plant Manager: L.P. Mitchell
Employees: 53
29. Shell Chemical Company
Willow Pass Road
Manager: Marvin Baker
Employees: 250
30. Standard Pipe Protection Division
General Steel Industries, Inc.
P.O. Box 310
Manager: Gale O. Carroll
Employees: 25
31. Stauffer Chemical Company
(Cowles Chemical Division)
Loveridge Road
Plant Manager: Alfred J. Lukks, Jr.
Employees: 20
Shelby
32.
American Smelting and Refining Co.
Post Office: Crockett
Plant Manager: A.F. Labbe
Employees: 425
200
Arthur D Little, ln<
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CHARLESTON - KANAWHA RIVER, WEST VIRGINIA
1. E.I. Du Pont (Belle)
P.O. Box 65
Belle
Plant Manager: G.A.Cato
2. FMC Corporation
Inorganic Chemicals Division
P.O. Box 8127
So. Charleston
Plant Manager: M.E. Birmingham
3. FMC Corporation
Organic Chemicals Division
P.O. Box 547
Nitro
Plant Manager: L.L. Cavender
4. FMC Corporation
American Viscose Division
Nitro
Plant Manager: J.C. Moody
5. Monsanto Company
Organic Chemicals Division
Nitro
Plant Manager: Bill G. McGuire
6. Union Carbide Corporation
Chemicals Division
P.O. Box 2831
Institute
Plant Manager: W.B. Corydon
7. Union Carbide Corporation
Chemicals Division
P.O. Box 8004
South Charleston
Plant Manager: R.L.Yelton
8. Union Carbide Corporation
Mining & Metals Division
Alloy
Plant Manager: F.M.Charles
9. Union Carbide Corporation
Technical Center
Plant Manager: F.D. Bess (Asst.)
10. Union Carbide Corporation
Linde Division (Belle)
Plant Manager: M.H. Kunneman
11. Diamond Shamrock
P.O. Box 615
Belle
Plant Manager: RJ.Sutch
12. Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company
57th Street E.
Charleston
Plant Manager: J.T. Zellers, Jr.
13. Owens-Libbey-Owens Gas Department
Charleston
14. Allied Chemical Corporation
Industrial Chemicals Division
P.O. Box 478
Nitro
Plant Manager: Ray Maize
15. Allied Chemical Corporation
Semet-Solvay Division
Harewood
16. National Lead Company
Evans Division
P.O. Box 1467
Charleston
Plant Manager: F. Leake, Jr.
17. Republic Steel Corporation
P.O. Box 37
Nitro
Plant Manager: W.L. Grimm
18. M idwest Steel Corporation
Sattes
Riverside
Plant Manager: J.W. Harper (Charleston)
19. West Virginia Steel
900 Brooks Street
Charleston
Plant Manager: J.R.Harris
201
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Charleston - Kanawha River, West Virginia (Continued)
20. Trojan Steel
1414 MacCorkle Avenue
Charleston
Plant Manager: J.R. Harris
21. True Temper Steel
P.O. Box 1233
Charleston
Plant Manager: C.E. Peckham
202
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APPENDIX B
SUMMARY OF PROPOSED REGULATIONS
DESIGNATING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
203
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December 30, 1970
DRAFT
The proposed regulations provide a flexible designation scheme which not
only provides a maximum of protection to the public health or welfare, but also
provides for the development of information to define more accurately what
dangers are involved. The purpose of the proposed regulations is to make it clear
that the spill of any substance is potentially hazardous depending upon the
properties and effects of the substance discharged. These regulations will provide
a basis for related regulations to be issued under section 12, particularly notice
regulations to be issued by the Coast Guard. The proposed regulations will
provide a basis for decisions by qualified persons in charge of response activities.
Three separate groups of designated hazardous substances are proposed,
which when taken together, include the full range of elements and compounds:
1. A table of specifically identified substances which when
discharged as a result of a spill or abnormal discharge
produce a receiving water quality which exceeds permis-
sible standards specified in the table.
2. Substances which possess a high potential for danger be-
cause of certain detrimental or lethal properties and effects
when discharged in any quantity as a result of a spill or
abnormal discharge, unless the Administrator can be
assured that a tolerable negligible risk of danger is pre-
sented.
3. Substances which when discharged as a result of a spill or
abnormal discharge produce receiving water criteria which
exceed applicable State or Federal water quality criteria,
or exceed other specified criteria and limits.
The theory underlying the proposed regulations is that as data and information
are developed, the hazardous substances designated in groups 2 and 3 will be
redesignated as hazardous in group 1 with specific permissible standards.
PRELIMINARY
Subject to Revision
Arthur D Little Inc
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Environmental Protection Agency
Washington
(18 CFR Part 611)
DESIGNATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Notice of Proposed Rule Making
Notice is hereby given that the Administrator, Environmental Protection
Agency, pursuant to the authority contained in section 12(a)(l) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1162(a)(l)) which was delegated to the
Secretary of the Interior by the President in Executive Order No. 11548 dated
July 20, 1970 (35 F.R. 11677) and transferred to the Administrator by Reorgani-
zation Plan No. 3, 1970, proposes to adopt a new Part 611.
The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-224, 84 Stat. 91)
amended the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1151 eq seq.} to add
a new section 12 to that act which provides in subsection (a)(l) of that section as
follows: "The President shall, in accordance with subsection (b) of this section,
develop, promulgate, and revise as may be appropriate, regulations (1) designating
as hazardous substances, other than oil as defined in section 11 of this Act, such
elements and compounds which, when discharged in any quantity into or upon
the navigable waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines or the waters of
the contiguous zone, present an imminent and substantial danger to the public
health or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, shorelines,
and beaches;. . . ." The President by Executive Order 11548 dated July 20, 1970,
has delegated his authority under section 12(a)(l) quoted above to the Secretary
of the Interior which authority was transferred by Reorganization Plan No. 3,
1970, to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, who proposes to
designate hazardous substances that present an imminent and substantial danger
to the public health or welfare when discharged in any quantity into or upon the
navigable waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines or the waters of the
contiguous zone as indicated in the following proposed regulations.
In determining those elements and compounds which are proposed to be
designated as hazardous for purposes of section 12(a)(l) of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, it was recognized that any substance has the potential for
presenting an imminent and substantial danger to the public health or welfare
depending upon the properties and effects of the substance discharged. It was also
recognized that for the majority of materials which may be designated as hazard-
ous substances, sufficient verification of existing and developed data must be
obtained to permit the establishment of definitive safe minimum standards which
should not be exceeded in receiving waters. Accordingly, a flexible designation is
206
Arthur D Little
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proposed which it is believed not only provides a maximum of protection to the
public health or welfare from the dangers associated with the discharge of
hazardous substances, but also provides for the development of information and
data to define more accurately what those dangers are. This proposed designation
would particularly reference and direct attention to substances which have been
determined to be hazardous during transportation, storage, or other handling
modes.
Three separate groups of designated substances are proposed in section 4
which when taken together, would include the full range of elements and
compounds. Notification of any pollution event involving the discharge of any
hazardous substances designated in the following proposed regulations will be
made in accordance with regulations issued by the United States Coast Guard
under the authority of section 12(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and Executive Order No. 11548 dated July 20, 1970. The proposed regulations
will serve as a basic reference for other related regulations to be issued under the
authority of section 12 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Interested persons may submit, in triplicate, written data or arguments in
regard to the proposed regulations to the Administrator, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. All relevant material received not later
than 30 days after publication of this notice in the Federal Register will be
considered.
Part 611 would be adopted as follows:
PART 611 - DESIGNATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Section
1. Applicability
2. Definition
3. Purpose and Intent
4. Designation of Hazardous Substances
5. Receiving Water Standards for Hazardous Substances
6. Notice
Authority: The provisions of this Part 611 issued under section 12(a)(l) of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1162(a)(l)).
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Section 1 APPLICABILITY
The regulations of this part apply to hazardous substances other than oil,
which when discharged into or upon the navigable waters of the United States,
adjoining shorelines or the waters of the contiguous zone present an imminent
and substantial danger to the public health or welfare within the meaning of
section 12(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Section 2 DEFINITIONS
As used in this part, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated
below:
(a) "Discharge" means, but is not limited to, any spilling, leaking, pumping,
pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping.
(b) "Vessel" means every description of watercraft or other artificial con-
trivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water
other than a public vessel.
(c) "Public vessel" means a vessel owned or bare-boat chartered and oper-
ated by the United States, or by a State or political subdivision thereof, or by a
foreign nation, except when such vessel is engaged in commerce.
(d) "United States" means the States, the District of Columbia, the Com-
monwealth of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin
Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(e) "Person" means an individual, firm, corporation, association, and a
partnership.
(0 "Contiguous zone" means the entire zone established or to be estab-
lished by the United States under article 24 of the Convention on the Territorial
Sea and the Contiguous Zone.
(g) "Offshore or onshore facility" means any facility (including, but not
limited to, motor vehicles, rolling stock, and pipelines) of any kind and related
appurtenances thereto which is located in, on, or under the surface of any land, or
permanently or temporarily affixed to any land, including lands beneath the
navigable waters of the United States and which is used or capable of use for the
purpose of processing, transporting, producing, storing, or transferring for com-
mercial or other purposes any hazardous substance designated under this part.
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(h) "Applicable water quality standards" means water quality standards
adopted pursuant to section 10(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33
U.S.C. 1060(c)) which are identified and described in 18 CFR 620 and State-
adopted water quality standards for waters which are not interstate within the
meaning of that Act.
(i) "Public health or welfare" means, but is not limited to, the physical,
economic and social well being of persons and includes the preservation of fish,
shellfish, wildlife and public and private property, shorelines and beaches.
(j) "Persistent" means that quality ascribed to elements and compounds
whereby they remain appreciably unchanged regardless of physical, chemical or
biological action occurring in the aquatic environment over an extended period of
time.
(k) "Administrator" means the Administrator, Environmental Protection
Agency.
(1) "Pollution event" means a discharge, other than a normal chronic
discharge, during transportation or storage, or a discharge, other than a normal
chronic discharge, from commercial, mining, manufacturing, refining, processing,
or related activities which, over a short period of time, significantly exceeds the
average maximum hourly flow or significantly exceeds the average maximum
hourly concentration of the element or compound discharged.
(m) "Qualified" means a demonstrated ability of a person through profes-
sional registration or other recognized water quality management or water pollu-
tion control experience to make decisions for the protection of the public health
or welfare during pollution events.
(n) "Degradable" means that quality ascribed to elements and compounds
which can be ultimately destroyed or stabilized by physical, chemical or biologi-
cal processes, natural or induced.
(o) "Cumulative" means the effect resulting from a persistent material
being exposed to life forms in the aquatic environment and thereby being
complexed into their metabolism.
Section 3 PURPOSE AND INTENT
(a) This part designates hazardous substances within the meaning of section
12(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act so that any person in charge of a
vessel or of an offshore or onshore facility of any kind shall be on notice that any
substance discharged as a result of a pollution event has the potential for
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presenting an imminent and substantial danger to the public health or welfare
depending upon the properties and effects of the substance discharged.
(b) This part provides a basis for regulations issued by the United States
Coast Guard which provide for notification of any pollution event resulting in the
discharge of a hazardous substance designated in this part.
(c) This part will provide a basis for decisions by qualified persons in charge
of pollution event response activities to insure that immediate and effective
actions are taken to mitigate dangers presented to the public health or welfare
from discharges of hazardous substances.
Section 4 DESIGNATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
(a) Any element or compound identified in section 5 of this part is
designated a hazardous substance when discharged as a result of a pollution event
which reduces or threatens to reduce the quality of the receiving waters below the
receiving water standards specified for the element or compound in section 5 of
this part.
The table of elements and compounds with receiving water standards set
forth in section 5 of this part may be amended or revised on the basis of
information and data developed or received by the Administrator.
(b) Elements or compounds other than the elements or compounds desig-
nated as hazardous substances in subsection (a) of this section, which possess a
high potential for presenting an imminent and substantial danger to the public
health or welfare because of their nondegradable or persistent nature, or because
they can be biologically magnified, or because they can be immediately lethal, or
because they otherwise cause or tend to cause detrimental cumulative effects, and
for which insufficient information and data are available to permit the establish-
ment of definitive safe minimum standards which are not to be exceeded, are
designated as hazardous substances when discharged in any quantity as a result of
a pollution event, unless the Administrator can be assured by any person responsi-
ble for such discharges that a tolerable negligible risk of imminent and substantial
danger to the public health or welfare is presented: Provided, that at such time as
the Administrator establishes minimum standards in section 5 of this part for such
elements or compounds, the provisions of this subsection will no longer be
applicable to such elements or compounds, but the provisions of subsection (a) of
this section will apply. Elements or compounds designated as hazardous sub-
stances by the provisions of this subsection include:
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(1) The following elements in their elemental form or as ions, compounds
or in any combination or mixture including, but not limited to, alloys, ores or
other minerally identifiable forms: antimony, arsenic, beryllium, boron, cad-
mium, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc,
and other elements with similar properties and effects except those elements
identified in section 5 of this part.
(2) Any element identified in subsection b(l) above which may exist in the
anionic form and other elemental combinations that may exist in toxic anionic
form such as: arsenates, arsenites, chromates, cyanide, fluoaluminates, fluorides,
fluosilicates, phosphides and other toxic anions with similar properties and effects
except those toxic anions identified in section 5 of this part.
(3) The poisons defined, described, named and classified by the provisions
of 46 CFR 146.25 including extremely dangerous poisons, Class A, such as
cyanogen and phosgene; less dangerous poisons, Class B, such as acetone cyano-
hydrin and sodium arsenite; tear gases or irritating substances, Class C, such as
bromobenzyl cyanide and chloroacetophenone and other such poisons with
similar properties and effects except those poisons identified in section 5 of this
part.
(4) The radioactive materials defined, described, named and classified by
the provisions of 46 CFR 146.19 such as uranium 233 and iodine 129 and other
radioactive materials and mixtures with equally dangerous properties and effects
except those radioactive materials identified in section 5 of this part.
(5) The poisons registered as economic poisons in accordance with the
provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended
(7 U.S.C. 135 et seq.) including DDT, aldrin, chlordane, endrin and toxaphene
and other such poisons with similar properties and effects except those poisons
identified in section 5 of this part.
Additional elements or compounds may be designated as hazardous sub-
stances under this subsection when determined appropriate by the Administrator
on the basis of the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive properties and
effects of each element or compound so designated.
(c) Any other elements or compounds, other than the elements or com-
pounds designated as hazardous substances in subsections (a) and (b) of this
section, which have physical, chemical, biological, or radioactive properties that
may produce or tend to produce toxic, corrosive, irritating, strongly sensitizing,
flammable or other conditions which limit beneficial uses of water are designated
as hazardous substances when discharged as a result of a pollution event which:
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(1) Reduces or threatens to reduce the quality of the receiving waters
below the criteria of applicable water quality standards, or
(2) If there are no applicable water quality standards, reduces or threatens
to reduce the quality of the receiving waters below the guidelines of water quality
criteria set forth in the report of the National Technical Advisory Committee to
the Secretary of the Interior entitled Water Quality Criteria dated April 1, 1968,
and any subsequent revisions thereto, or
(3) If there are no data specifically addressed to the elements or com-
pounds concerned in Water Quality Criteria, results in concentrations or charac-
teristics in the receiving waters which exceed or threaten to exceed limits
determined in accordance with test procedures designated by the Administrator
to predict the potential for physical, chemical or biological damage to shorelines,
beaches and beneficial water uses. For purposes of this section, fish bioassay
techniques prescribed in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Waste Water or as hereafter amended or revised, published by the American Public
Health Association, Inc., using fish and receiving waters from any geographical
area in which the potential for the pollution event exists, shall be used as an
interim technique for determining 96 hour TLm values under flow-through
conditions. Application factors of 1/100 for detrimental persistent or cumula-
tive substances, and 1/10 for detrimental degradable, non-cumulative or non-
persistent substances shall be used to establish limits of toxic discharges.
Provided, that at such time as the Administrator establishes minimum
standards in section 5 of this part for such elements or compounds, the provisions
of this subsection will no longer be applicable to such elements or compounds,
but the provisions of subsection (a) of this section will apply.
Elements or compounds designated as hazardous substances by the provi-
sions of this subsection include, but are not limited to, the following broad
categories and specific examples:
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CATEGORY I
Inorganic
Acids
perchloric acid
nitric acid
hydrochloric acid
phosphoric acid
sulfurous acid
chloric acid
chlorous acid
hypochlorous acid
chlorosulfonic acid
CATEGORY II
Inorganic
Bases, Alkalies
potassium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide
barium hydroxide
sodium carbonate
CATEGORY III
Inorganic
Elements and Salts
phosphorus
aluminum
barium
bismuth
cerium
cesium
cobalt
niobium
gallium
germanium
indium
lanthanum
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
osmium
palladium
platinum
rhenium
rhodium
rubidium
ruthenium
tantalum
tellurium
tin
titanium
tungsten
vanadium
zirconium
strontium
phosphorus pentasulfide
sodium sulfide
sodium hypochlorite
ammonium perchlorate
potassium iodide
ammonium phosphate
sodium hydrosulfite
aluminum sulfate
calcium carbide
ammonium sulfate
zinc chloride
zinc sulfate
calcium phosphate
ammonium nitrate
ferrous sulfate
sodium borate
sodium chlorate
magnesium sulfate
potassium sulfate
sodium silicate
ammonium chloride
sodium sulfate
sulfur dioxide
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CATEGORY TV
Organic
Hydrocarbons
isoprene
ethylene
pentane
propylene
propane
1-dodecene
heptane
hexane
1-hexene
1-nonene
I-octene
1-pentene
petrolatum
1-dodecene
1-tetradecene
dicyclopentadiene
1-tridecene
turpentine
cyclohexane
1-decene
Organic
CATEGORY V
Halocarbons
trichloroethane
carbon tetrachloride
chloromethane
chloroform
trichloroethylene
dichloropropane
propylene dichloride
dibromochloropropane
dichlorodifluoromethane
chloroethane
ethylene dichloride
monochlorodifluoromethane
ally! chloride
Organic
Alcohols
butyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol
n-propyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol
isooctyl alcohol
sorbitol
cyclohexanol
hexanol
propylene glycol
glycerol
triethylene glycol
dipropylene glycol
tetraethylene glycol
p-chlorothymol
CATEGORY VI
ethylene glycol
amyl alcohol
furfuryl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol
diacetone alcohol
diethylene glycol
diisobutyl carbinol
dodecanol
ethoxylated dodecanol
ethoxylated pentadecanol
ethoxylated tetradecanol
ethoxylated tridecanol
ethyl butanol
2-ethylhexyl alcohol
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heptanol
hexylene glycol
isobutyl alcohol
isodecyl alcohol
methyl amyl alcohol
ethyl isobutyl carbinol
nonanol
octanol
pentadecanol
tetradecanol
tridecanol
triethylene glycol
2-undecanol
allyl alcohol
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CATEGORY VII
Organic
Aldehydes and Ketones
formaldehyde
benzaldehyde
acetaldehyde
furfural
methyl ethyl ketone
cyclohexanone
methyl isobutyl ketone
glyoxal
acetophenone
Organic
Acids
acetic acid
benzoic acid
cresylic acid
oxalic acid
acrylic acid
citric acid
isodecaldehyde
isooctylaldehyde
propionaldehyde
n-valeraldehyde
n-butyraldehyde
isobutyraldehyde
crotonaldehyde
2-ethyl-3-propyl acrolein
CATEGORY VIII
adipic acid
fumaric acid
propionic acid
lactic acid
formic acid
butyric acid
CATEGORY IX
Organic
Esters, Ethers, and Related Substances
acetyl bromide
dibutyl phthalate
vinyl acetate
methyl methacrylate
ammonium acetate
n-butyl acetate
sodium methylate
zinc acetate
propyl acetate
methyl acetate
ethyl formate
ethyl acetate
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate
isopropyl acetate
sec-butyl acetate
dioctylphthalate
ethylene glycol monoethyl
ether acetate
isobutyl acetate
methyl amyl acetate
n-propyl acetate
n-butyl acylate
isobutyl acrylate
ethyl acrylate
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diethylene glycol
monoethyl ether
diethylene glycol
monomethyl ether
ethylene glycol
monobutyl ether
ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether
ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether
polypropylene glycol
methyl ether
ethyl ether
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CATEGORY X
Organic
Aromatic Compounds
m-cresol
p-cresol
nonyl phenol
benzene
trichlorophenol
pyridine
benzene hexachloride
ethyl benzene
pentachlorophenol
Organic
toluene
acetophenone
chlorobenzene
dodecylbenzene
dichlorobenzene
styrene
tetrahydronaphthalene
benzoyl chloride
p-cymene
CATEGORY XI
Compounds Containing Nitrogen
trimethylamine
acetonitrile
aniline
cyclohexylamine
ethylamine
methylamine
butylamine
ethylenediamine
nitrophenol
triethanolamine
monoethanolamine
diethanolamine
nitroaniline
urea
isopropylamine
ethylenimine
diethylamine
morpholine
diamylamine
hexamethylenediamine
pyridine
cumene
diethylbenzene
naphthalene
nonylphenol
triethylbenzene
vinyltoluene
o-xylene
m-xylene
p-xylene
nitrobenzene
adiponitrile
aminoethylethanolamine
diethylenetriamine
diisopropanolamine
dimethylamine
ethylenecyanohydrin
monoisopropanolamine
triethylenetetramine
skatole
Organic
CATEGORY XII
Compounds Containing Sulfur
dodecyl mercaptan
carbon disulfide
isobutyl mercaptan
thioglycolic acid
thiocyanuric acid
sodium thiocyanate
dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
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CATEGORY XDI
Organic
Oxides, Peroxides, and Anhydrides
phthalic anhydride
ethylene oxide
hydrogen peroxide
nitrous oxide
benzoyl peroxide
propylene oxide
butyl peroxide
acetic anhydride
CATEGORY XIV
Miscellaneous Compounds
Carbohydrates
dextrose
lactose
starch
cellulose
Proteins
albumin
globulin
Lipids
myristic acid
palmitic acid
stearic acid
oleic acid
glyceryl trioleate
glyceryl tripalmitate
glyceryl tristearate
Medicinal Chemicals
streptomycin sulfate
methoxymethyl salicylate
atropine methylnitrate
CATEGORY XV
Pathogenic or Toxic Organisms & Groups
Enteroviruses
Nodularia
Anabaenea
Gonyaulax
Gymnodinium
Nostoc
Anacystis
Salmonella typhosa
Salmonella paratyphosa
Vibrio comma
Vibrio cholera
Shigella
Nuisance Organisms & Groups
Blue-green algae Cladophora
Actinomycetes Thiobacillus
Synura Crenothrix
Leptospira canicola
Brucella melitensis
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium botulinum
Endamoeba histolytica
Gallinella
Enterobius vermicularis
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Section 5 RECEIVING WATER STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES
The receiving water concentrations and characteristics described for the
elements and compounds identified in this section are to be used for the purposes
of section 4(a) of this part. The substances are specified and numerically quanti-
fied in Table B-l to indicate permissible standards which if violated present a
hazard. The permissible standards express effects of discharge under normal
conditions in the aquatic environment. Under certain circumstances such as
deviations in pH, temperature, alkalinity, time of exposure, flow regime,
synergism or other complicating factors, more stringent permissible standards
than those illustrated in Table 1 may be required and in such circumstances the
provisions of subsection 4(c) of this part shall apply.
Section 6 NOTICE
Any person in charge of a vessel or of an offshore or onshore facility of any
kind, as soon as he has knowledge of any pollution event resulting in the discharge
of a hazardous substance designated in section 4 from such vessel or facility, shall
immediately give notice of such discharge in accordance with regulations issued
by the United States Coast Guard.
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Sulfuric Acid
Ammonia
TABLE B-1
RECEIVING WATER STANDARDS
Permissible Standards*
Substance
Phenol
Drinking
Water
Supply
J,C< 0.001
Fresh Water Uses
Plant &
Fish Aesthetics
H>4' A<40.
Salt Water Uses
Fish
A<3.
Shellfish
A <50
B>6.
Sodium Hydroxide B < 8.5
Sucrose
(molasses)
A,J < 0.5
A<3.
A<40.
H>4.
A<200.
A<20.
B<8.5
G,E<0.5 A<6.
B>6.7
B<8.5
Hydrogen Sulfide
Methanol
Acetone
O-cresol
C<0.05
A < 0.01
C<300.
C< 0.0001
A<1.
H>4.
A < 10.000
H>4.
A < 10,000
A<3.
C,G<0.05
A<2.5
Acrylonitrile
D<5.
C.E<0.05 A<3.
G,C<50. A<15.
'Undesirable effects
Symbols: < means less than or equal to
> means greater than or equal to
— no standard
A Toxicity - mg/l of substance
B pH - pH units of receiving water
C Taste-odor to water — mg/l of substance
D Fish flesh tainting - mg/l of substance
E Color, turbidity, floating, foaming, settling - mg/l of substance
F Biologically magnified — mg/l of substance
G Biostimulatory to certain lifeforms — mg/l of substance
H Dissolved oxygen — mg/l of dissolved oxygen in receiving water
I Salinity fluctuation — change greater than ±10% of normal variation
J Reactivity - mg/l of substance
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APPENDIX C
INDUSTRIAL MUTUAL AID SYSTEM
OF TEXAS CITY, TEXAS
Manual of Procedures during Emergencies
First issue: 1949
Ninth Revision: April 1964
Supersedes All Previous Issues
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FOREWORD*
The subscribers to the Industrial Mutual Aid System and to the Manual of
Procedures recognize that it becomes a civic and moral duty to offer assistance to
another in an emergency, when the ability to assist is present and when the
furnishing of assistance would not be attended by undue or unreasonable risk of
personal injury or severe property damage.
The Industrial Mutual Aid System and the Manual of Procedures formulated
hereunder are efforts on the part of neighboring industries and governmental
members in the Greater Texas City Area to anticipate that one or more of the
subscribers may be faced with a sudden emergency requiring outside assistance
over and above such assistance that may be rendered by the governmental
members subscribing hereto in the discharge of their official duties, to the end
that prompt and efficient assistance can be given.
The System and the Manual are designed to determine in advance of any
emergency what personnel and facilities may be reasonably available.
Lastly, they provide a method of employing that assistance in a prompt and
efficient manner in any given emergency.
It is not intended that the subscribers shall assume or relieve themselves of
the rights, duties, responsibilities, and liabilities which would otherwise attach by
operation of law, anything to the contrary, whether expressed or implied in the
System and Manual notwithstanding.
Nor is it intended that any of the provisions of the System and Manual shall
apply to any governmental agency subscribing thereto when discharging the duties
for which they were created.
Personnel from any member (governmental or private enterprise) entering
the premises of another member will be expected to act under the direction of the
affected member, or the governmental member having jurisdiction and authority
as a matter of law, as the case may be. Wherever possible, employees of a member
offering assistance will not enter the affected plant but will deliver the assistance
requested to the main gate of the affected member. This procedure should be
adhered to almost without exception since insurance coverages may be invalid in
case of injury. Traveling from one plant to an affected plant is not the respon-
sibility of the affected plant.
'There are eight appendixes — I through VIII - included within Appendix C, and the reader
should not confuse them with Appendixes A through F of this report.
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It is expected that all members will cooperate to the fullest extent in
furnishing aid to the affected member; however, there is no obligation to do so if
circumstances within a member plant in their sole judgment do not permit their
lending assistance.
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SCOPE OF THE INDUSTRIAL MUTUAL AID SYSTEM
The primary purpose of the Industrial Mutual Aid System is the develop-
ment of a plan of cooperative action, whereby assistance of other companies or
members will be made available to any member having an emergency which may
be beyond the ability of the affected member to control. Such aid or assistance
will be available upon request from the affected member and unless requested,
none of the participating members will respond to the scene of the emergency.
It shall be expressly understood that any member receiving aid from another
is responsible for the return in good order or reimbursement for materials or
equipment obtained under this agreement.
An agreement has been reached between mutual aid organizations of the
Gulf Coast area whereby assistance will be rendered on a reciprocal basis.
Requests shall be made only by officers of the organization in emergency to
officers of the organization expected to furnish assistance. See Appendix VIII.
OFFICERS AND ORDER OF SUCCESSION
There shall be a general chairman, secretary, and five vice-chairmen, to
administrate the activities of the Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System.
An election shall be held in the regular meetings of member representatives
in January of even-numbered years for the purpose of selecting Industrial Mutual
Aid System Officers. Each member shall be entitled to one vote. Elected officers
shall serve for a period of two years, beginning with the first regular meeting
following the election.
The general chairman shall appoint first and second alternates from the
roster of vice-chairmen to succeed him in any absence.
The vice-chairmen shall each appoint one alternate, subject to approval of
the general chairman, to succeed to committee leadership during declared emer-
gencies. Any appointed alternate shall succeed an elected officer during term of
office only in the event of unavoidable removal of that officer.
RESPONSIBILITIES AND FUNCTIONS
The general chairman or his ranking alternate, as the case may be, shall direct
all activities of the Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System.
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Executive Committee
The elected officers shall constitute an Executive Committee. The current
committee consists of:
Charles Gilmore General Chairman
H. C. Reiniger Secretary
K. E. Agee Vice-Chairman — Communications and Public Information
R. L. DeWalt Vice-Chairman - Traffic Control
Gail Atkins Vice-Chairman — Equipment and Plant Emergency Systems
Dr. Roy Joyner Vice-Chairman — Medical Coordination
Carter Goodwin Vice-Chairman — Allied Services
The purpose of the Executive Committee is to develop Industrial Mutual Aid
System policies and to coordinate activities in accordance with such policies.
Each vice-chairman shall appoint a committee from the roster of member
representatives and alternates to develop procedures pertinent to his scope of
responsibility.
CONTROL CENTER
The Texas City Police Department Headquarters shall be utilized as a
Control Center during emergencies. Executive Committee members and their
appointed alternates should report there to coordinate emergency activities.
CENTRAL COMMITTEE
Each participating member of Industrial Mutual Aid System shall appoint
one person to serve as its official representative in Industrial Mutual Aid System
activities. The appointment of one or more alternates is desirable but optional.
Attendance at all regular meetings by representatives and alternates is encouraged.
This group shall be known as the Central Committee and will meet as
directed to conduct affairs of the Industrial Mutual Aid System. The primary
purpose of the Central Committee is to serve as the liaison agency between
member managements and the Industrial Mutual Aid System Executive Com-
mittee.
The roster of Industrial Mutual Aid System members appears as Appendix I
of this manual.
The roster of member representatives and alternates shall be maintained by
the secretary.
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THE COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE SHALL DEVELOP
PROCEDURES FOR:
(See Procedures, Appendix II)
1. Form of message or code word to be used for requesting help and for
dispatching assistance to other members.
2. Method of placing calls from an affected member to the Central Police Station
of Texas City which will be used as the dispatching station for all incoming or
outgoing messages including those that will cover Red Cross requirements.
(The Red Cross Disaster Committee will separately organize other means of
communications to meet their detailed requirements.)
3. Dispatching assistance to any member making request for help.
4. Release of information to public through the newspaper, radio, or other
desirable means.
5. Education of the public and controlled publicity relating to the Industrial
Mutual Aid System. The advance publicity will be advantageous at the time of
an incident by having the general public realize the importance of their
coooperation in case of an emergency.
6. The coordination of telephone and telegraph facilities to assure that mainte-
nance of service is immediately available if required.
7. Enlistment of mobile two-way radio equipment, sound trucks, and all other
modes of communication which will be available to supplement existing
equipment as needed.
8. Maintain an up-to-date listing of communications equipment available and
publish same to members.
THE TRAFFIC CONTROL COMMITTEE SHALL DEVELOP
PROCEDURES FOR:
(See Procedures, Appendix III)
1. Zoning the greater Texas City area for traffic control purposes.
2. The coordination of efforts of all governmental police agencies during an
emergency and the control of all traffic into or out of the property of any
member at the time of an emergency.
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3. The control of all traffic into or out of the corporate limits of Texas City in
general emergencies.
4. Establishing road blocks during emergencies and detouring traffic as required.
5. Permitting member plant personnel to pass road blocks to enter their respec-
tive plants.
6. Identification for member representatives and member employees for use
during time of emergencies.
THE EQUIPMENT AND PLANT EMERGENCY SYSTEMS COMMITTEE
SHALL DEVELOP PROCEDURES FOR:
(See Procedures, Appendix IV)
1. Conducting member plant surveys for purpose of maintaining list of fire,
safety, and mechanical equipment.
2. Maintaining lists of persons, including their day and night telephone numbers,
who are authorized to request or release such equipment.
3. Issue the above lists to all member companies.
4. Arrangements with each member to designate place or places to which equip-
ment being requested can be delivered in case of an emergency.
THE MEDICAL COORDINATION COMMITTEE SHALL DEVELOP
PROCEDURES FOR:
(See Procedure, Appendix V)
1. The development of procedures for establishing medical aid at the scene of
emergency.
2. The establishment of a series of locations in the Texas City area to which
injured personnel can be taken so as to remove them from the emergency area.
3. The establishment of a procedure for alerting hospitals in Galveston and
Houston. The authority to transmit such information should be established.
(This phase is very important.) By the establishment of these procedures, false
alarms and unnecessary confusion will be reduced to an absolute minimum and
yet insure adequate medical facilities.
4. The coordination of both ambulance and nurse services.
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5. The establishment of a pool of medical supplies which can be drawn upon as
deemed necessary by the chairman of the Medical Coordination Committee in
cases of emergencies affecting IMAS members.
ALLIED SERVICES
(See Appendix VII and VIM)
The vice-chairman, Allied Services shall coordinate development of necessary
intersectional exchange agreements.
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APPENDIX I
THE PARTICIPATING MEMBERS OF THE
MUTUAL AID SYSTEM ARE AS FOLLOWS:
American Oil Company (Texas)
Amoco Chemicals Corporation
Community Public Service Company
Emken-Linton Funeral Home
WI 5-2311
WI 8-1601
WI 5-2386
WI 5-4444
Galveston County Amateur Radio Club (Bach) WI 5-4431
Galveston County Medical Society
Galveston County Memorial Hospital WE 5-2421
Galveston County Sheriff's Department SO 5-6686
Houston Natural Gas Corporation WI 5-4471
Houston Pipe Line Company (Houston) MI 4-5015
Monsanto Chemical Company WI 5-4431
Pan American Gas Company WI 8-2501
Marathon Oil Company WI 5-2331
Radio Station KTLW WI 5-4418
Service Pipe Line Company (Houston) HU 4-2334
Smith-Douglass Company, Inc. WI 8-1691
Southwestern Bell Telephone Company WI 5-7481
Texas City Civil Defense WI 5-2325
Texas City Fire Department WI 5-2325
Texas City Police Department WI 8-2525
Texas City Refining, Inc. WI 54451
Texas City Sun WI 54483
Texas City Terminal Railway Company WI 5-4465
Texas Highway Patrol (Houston) OX 4-2374
Union Carbide Chemicals Company WI 5-7411
Unites States Coast Guard (Galveston) SO 3-1635
Wah Chang Corporation WI 54411
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APPENDIX II
PROCEDURE FOR COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE
Chairman — K. E. Agee
The procedure and form of message to be used in requesting assistance from
the Industrial Mutual Aid System should be known by authorized personnel of
each member company. The message will relate the general conditions of the
situation and will establish positive identification of the member company and
name of person transmitting the message. Code words will not be utilized.
|. GENERAL CONDITIONS
A. "Alert"
All members stand by. A situation exists but is under control. May create
hazardous traffic condition or undue public alarm.
Traffic control required.
B. "Emergency"
Assistance required from other members.
C. "All Clear"
No further assistance required.
II. TO ACTIVATE SYSTEM
A. Call Texas City Refining, Inc.
1. By IMAS radio network to KFG-92
2. By telephone to WI 5-4451.
B. Message Form -
State the following:
1. Name of member company and person calling.
2. This is an IMAS "Alert" or "Emergency."
3. Assistance required - medical, ambulance, fire depart-
ment, etc.
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III. RESPONSE
A. "Alert Condition" Texas City Refining, Inc.
1. Dispatches traffic control
2. Alerts Galveston County Memorial Hospital and Emken-
Linton Funeral Home
3. Alerts IMAS Chairman or alternates.
4. Checks all IMAS radio units.
5. Alerts Sheriff's Department and State Highway Patrol.
B. "Emergency Conditioning"
Texas City Refining, Inc.:
1. Dispatches traffic control.
2. Notifies Galveston County Memorial Hospital, Emken-
Linton, and Fire Department for emergency condition.
Transmits detail message of assistance required.
3. Calls IMAS Chairman or alternates giving location, condi-
tion, assistance required.
4. Alerts Sheriff's Department and State Highway Patrol.
IV. ACTION TO BE TAKEN BY OTHER MEMBERS
A. Galveston County Memorial Hospital calls doctors, nurses, and hospitals as
required.
B. IMAS Chairman or alternates calls the Equipment Committee Chairman and
the Red Cross Disaster Committee Chairman and Communications Chair-
man, repeating the condition and the location of the emergency.
The IMAS Chairman or alternates will call those members requiring notifica-
tion by telephone. These are listed below:
Amoco Chemicals Corporation WI 8-1601
Community Public Service Company WI 5-2386
Daily Sun WI 5-4483
Houston Natural Gas Corporation WI 5-4471
Houston Pipe Line Company MI 4-5015
Pan American Gas Company WI 8-1781
Radio Station KTLW WI 54418
Service Pipe Line Company (Houston) HU 4-2334
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Smith-Douglass Company, Inc. WI 8-1691
Southwestern Bell Telephone Company WI 5-7481
Texas City Civil Defense WI 5-2671
Texas City Terminal R.R. Company WI 5-4461
U. S. Coast Guard (Galveston) SO 3-1635
C. The Communications Committee Chairman calls the representative of press
and radio, repeating the condition and location of the emergency.
V. RELEASE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION
A. The Chairman of the Communications Committee or a person designated by
him must cooperate with member officials in order to secure the necessary
information for the preparation of the news releases.
B. No information relating to an incident is to be issued except that which is
released by proper authorization of the affected member. It will be under-
stood that all information released to IMAS is confidential. This measure will
be of great assistance in avoiding panic in case of serious emergency.
VI. PUBLIC EDUCATION
The Communications Committee Chairman or a person designated by him
will issue public educational material only as authorized by the IMAS Executive
Committee.
VII. EQUIPMENT SURVEY
The Chairman and his committee shall make a survey of all communications
companies and their facilities, and their locations. The committee will also
maintain a list of company officials to be called in order to maintain constant and
uninterrupted service insofar as possible.
VIII. MOBILE EQUIPMENT SURVEY
The Chairman and his committee shall make a survey and list of all available
mobile and portable communications equipment and shall authorize the use of
such equipment in the event such is needed.
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MEMBERS OF INDUSTRIAL MUTUAL AID EMERGENCY NET
Unit No. 1
Unit No. 2 -KFG-81
Unit No. 3 - KFG-80
Unit No. 4 - KFG-94
Unit No. 5 -KFG-96
Unit No. 6 - KFG-92
Unit No. 7 -KFG-98
Unit No. 8 -KFG-93
Unit No. 9 - KFG-95
Unit No. 10 -KFG-83
Unit No. 11 - KFG-97
Unit No. 12-KFG-99
Net Control (Communications Chairman)
American Oil Company
City Fire Department (Central or Heights)
Monsanto Chemical Company
Marathon Oil Company
Texas City Refining, Inc.
Union Carbide Chemicals Company
Wah Chang Corporation
Emken-Linton
Community Public Service Company
City Police Department
Galveston County Memorial Hospital
The above list will be revised and forwarded upon additions or deletions of
stations in this network.
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REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR
TEXAS CITY INDUSTRIAL MUTUAL AID RADIO NET
ORGANIZATION
The Industrial Mutual Aid Radio Net was adopted by members of this
organization for the purpose of providing an additional form of communication
among heavy industry and service organization members, which will augment our
efforts in the preservation of life and property in the event of man-made or
natural disasters.
AUTHORIZATION
The Industrial Mutual Aid Radio Net is authorized to operate in the Special
Emergency Radio Service.
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
1. All persons operating radio equipment on this net must be an employee
or a member of the Industrial Mutual Aid System.
2. No person will utter any obscene, indecent or profane language by means
of these radio communications.
3. No station in this net shall be used to transmit or receive messages for the
purpose of compensation direct or indirect and shall at no time be used for the
purpose of conducting company business or operations unless such message would
be used directly for the preservation of life and property.
STATION IDENTIFICATION
When stations of the Industrial Mutual Aid are engaged in network opera-
tion, each station or unit must fully identify itself at least once by using the
assigned call of the licensee in addition to their own assigned unit number. Any
further identification by any station other than the acting control station or unit
during that period of network operations may be accomplished by the use of its
assigned unit number only.
The control station upon closing the network operation shall fully identify
itself by the use of the assigned call sign of the licensee in addition to its assigned
unit number.
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USE OF STATIONS
In considering the use of the radio emergency net, it is understood that any
member may activate the network or any portion thereof for the purpose of
requesting aid or transmission of information regarding any emergency which
would effect the preservation of life and property.
Practice drills will be conducted at times designated by the Communications
Chairman.
OPERATING PROCEDURES
1. Voice Transmission
In order that a message be received with as much clarity as possible, the
operator transmitting the information should train himself to speak slowly and
directly into the microphone. The loudness of voice which is normally used on
the telephone is usually sufficient to properly operate the average microphone.
2. Net Control
The term NET CONTROL STATION is that unit which may activate the
network or any portion thereof for the purpose of requesting aid and transmitting
information during an emergency or any unit which has been delegated by the
Communications Officer to act as net control station for the purpose of con-
ducting drills or tests. In case of a serious disaster or large scale emergency, the
net control station will be established by IMAS in the Texas City Police Head-
quarters.
OPERATION
To alert the net, the following example should be utilized by the operator.
This example assumes that Unit No. 1 is the net control station:
"Attention all units of the Industrial Mutual Aid Net.
is* Unit No. 1 acting net control.
/ emergency
This is a(n) ) stand-by alert
j practice drill
f equipment check
All units stand by."
*Call sign will be inserted upon assignment.
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The above transmission should be repeated three times to alert other units
on the net.
The net control station will then call the roll of member stations as follows:
(This example assumes that Unit No. 1 is the net control station.)
"Unit No. 2, this is net control* Unit No. 1."
Unit No. 2 (American Oil Co.) will then reply -
"Unit No. 1, this is* Unit No. 2."
Net control will then acknowledge by answering.
"Thank you, Unit No. 2."
"Unit No. 3, this is net control* Unit No. 1."
Unit No. 3 (City Fire Department will then reply.)
"Unit No. 1, this is* Unit No. 3."
Net control will then acknowledge by answering.
"Thank you, Unit No. 3."
Etc. for all other units.
*Call sign will be inserted upon assignment
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LIST OF COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
K. E. Agee - Chairman WI5-4451 WI 5-2414
RADIO STATION KTLW
At the time of emergency, the radio station will broadcast facts as furnished
by the Mutual Aid Headquarters and render any other assistance possible in
reporting of the news.
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
Station Manager WI 54418 WI 5-2754
SOUTHWESTERN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY
Personnel will be available to provide emergency communications and tele-
phone service as soon as possible. State assistance required to the Chief Operator,
i.e., mobile telephone, equipment repairman, etc.
Contact Business Telephone
Chief Operator WI 5-7401
THE DAILY SUN
THE DAILY SUN will assist in any way possible in distributing and pub-
lishing news of an emergency.
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
Carl Hooper WI 54483 WI 8-2643
TEXAS ARMY NATIONAL GUARD
COMPANY"B" - 111TH MEDICAL BATTALION
5 - Field Units - AM and FM - range 15 miles - activate on request from
County Judge, Sheriff, or Mayor of City.
Contact
Building 401 - Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas
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U. S. COAST GUARD
2 — Communication trucks with AM equipment.
3 — Mobile two-way FM equipment.
Contact Business Telephone
Captain of the Port SO 3-163 5
TEXAS CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
1 — 250 watt FM transmitter located at 5th Avenue North — 155.37 me.
9 — Police cars — mobile units — 155.37 me.
2 — Mobile unit equipped with public address system
1 — Teletype — State Department of Public Safety
1 - Two-way radio equipment to State Highway Patrol and County Sheriff's
Department
1 - IMAS receiver-transmitter
TEXAS HIGHWAY PATROL
1 - Portable station (transmit-receive) — FM — 42.9 me.
Relay through patrol unit to 155.37 me.
Several patrol units with two-way FM radio, available if required.
Contact
Texas City Police Department
TEXAS CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT
Central Station
1 - Base station, 250 watt FM - 154.43 me.
4 — Two-way radio equipped trucks.
1 - Two-way radio equipped mobile unit (Chief).
1 — IMAS receiver-transmitter
Heights Station
1 - Base station - 250 watt FM - 154.43 me.
2 — Two-way radio equipped trucks.
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No. 4 Station (West Texas City)
1 - Base station - 250 watt FM - 154.43 me.
2 — Two-way radio equipped trucks
AMERICAN OIL COMPANY
1 - Base station - 60 watt FM - 153.05 me. (relay to mobile).
1 - Mobile - 30 watt - relay 153.05 me. to Texas City Policy Department on
155.37 me.
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
Dickinson
H. C. Reiniger WI 5-2311 534-4029
COMMUNITY PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY
1 - Base station - 120 watt FM - 48.30 me.
Texas City (2), La Marque, Dickinson, Alvin, Angleton, West Columbia
15 — Two-way mobile units (local)
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
G. R. Boyd WI 5-2386 WI 5^009
HOUSTON NATURAL GAS CORPORATION
8 - Base stations - 60 watt FM - 48.18 me.
Texas City, Baytown, LaPorte, Freeport, Alvin, Wharton, Victoria,
Corpus Christi.
10 — Two-way mobile units (local).
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
J. B. Meyers WI 5-4471 WI 5-6228
J.S.Sullivan WI 5-4471 WI 5-9331
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PAN AMERICAN GAS COMPANY
1 - Base station - 60 watt FM.
7 - Two-way radio equipped mobile units
1 — Mobile units for battery power or mobile use.
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
C. F. Bryce WI 8-2501 WI 5-9678
SERVICE PIPE LINE COMPANY
6 — Base stations — two-way FM — 48.70 me.
Located at Texas City, Alvin, Houston, San Jacinto, Tomball, and Huffsmith.
30 - Two-way FM mobile units at various locations.
Service Pipe Line Company private phone system Galveston and Harris
Counties.
Contact Business Telephone Residence Telephone
George Speed WI 5-5762 Alvin OL 8-3950
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APPENDIX III
PROCEDURES FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL COMMITTEE
Texas City Police Department - Chairman - Chief of Police R. L. DeWalt
Texas Department of Public Safety - Highway Patrol
Galveston County Sheriff's Department
La Marque Police Department
I. MAPS
A. This committee shall maintain up-to-date zone maps of the Texas City-
LaMarque area and furnish necessary revisions to members.
B. This committee shall maintain up-to-date maps of each zone showing prefer-
able locations of road blocks and routes of detour from various zones in case
of an emergency.
II. CONTROL
The control of all traffic into or out of the corporate limits of Texas City
will be the responsibility of the available governmental police agencies co-
operating with the Texas City Chief of Police.
III. COORDINATION
The Texas City Chief of Police is to be responsible for the coordination of
efforts of all governmental police agencies during an emergency, and the control
of traffic into or out of any member plant at the time of such emergency will be
conducted by the available governmental police agency designated by him.
IV. IDENTIFICATION CARDS
A. Normal plant identification cards or badges of affected member employee
shall constitute sufficient identification to permit passage through road
blocks to reach their respective plants. However, in the event an emergency
should develop at or near the time of changing shifts, it may be necessary for
the affected member and ajoining members to determine what portion of
their respective personnel will enter or leave their respective plants and to so
advise the Texas City Chief of Police.
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V. LIST OF TRAFFIC CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Texas City Police Department
Police personnel — Thirty-one men
Police units - nine cars
Texas Highway Patrol
Police personnel
Police units — Five
Galveston Sheriffs Department
Police personnel
Police units — Four
LaMarque Police Department
Police personnel
Police units — Four
VI. ROAD BLOCKS AND PATROLS
Notice: Permit vehicles of Southwestern Bell Telephone Company,
Community Public Service Company, and Houston Natural
Gas Corporation to enter any restricted area.
Streets Restricted to Emergency Traffic Only
A
American Oil Company (Refinery)
1. 5th Avenue South between
21 st Street and Grant Avenue
2. Grant Avenue between 5th Avenue
South and Union Carbide rear gate.
American Oil Company and
Marathon Oil Company (Tank Farms)
1. Highway 146 (business route)
between 4th Avenue South and
junction with Highway 519
Employee Groups Permitted to Pass
1. American Oil Company
2. American Oil Company
Pan American Gas Company
1. Amoco Chemicals
1. Marathon Oil Company
Amoco Chemicals
Texas City Refining
Texas City Terminal RR Co.
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2. 14th Street between
Texas Avenue and
American Oil Company gate
3, 7th Avenue South between
10th Street and 14th Street
C. Monsanto Chemical Company
1. Bay Street south of
2nd Avenue South
2. 2nd Avenue South between
Bay Street and 3rd Street
3. 3rd Street between
2nd Avenue South and 4th Avenue South
4. 4th Avenue South between
Highway 146 (business route)
and 3rd Street
5. Highway 146 (business route)
between 4th Avenue South and
entrance to Texas City
Terminal RR Company
D. Marathon Oil Company and Amoco Chemicals
(Refineries)
1. Highway 146 (business route)
between 4th Avenue South and
junction with Highway 519
2. American Oil Company
Marathon Oil Company
Warren Petroleum Corporation
3. American Oil Company
Marathon Oil Company
Warren Petroleum Corporation
1. Monsanto Chemical Company
2. Monsanto Chemical Company
3. Monsanto Chemical Company
4. Monsanto Chemical Company
5. Monsanto Chemical Company
Amoco Chemicals
Marathon Oil Company
2. 4th Avenue South between
Highway 146 (business route)
and 10th Street
1. Marathon Oil Company
Amoco Chemicals
American Oil Company
Sea Train
Texas City Terminal RR Co.
Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
(Crews of docked ships)
2. Marathon Oil Company
Amoco Chemicals
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E. Texas City Refining, Inc.
1. Highway 146 (business route)
between 4th Avenue South
and junction with Highway 519
F. Smith-Douglass Company, Inc.
1. Grant Avenue between
5th Avenue South and
junction with Highway 519
1. Texas City Refining, Inc.
1. Smith Douglass Company, Inc.
American Oil Company
Pan American Gas Company
Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
G. Amoco Chemicals - Plant "B"
1. Highway 519
H. Texas City Terminal Railway Co.
(Docks and Tank Farms)
1. Highway 146 (business route)
between 4th Avenue South and
junction with Highway 519
I. Union Carbide Chemicals Company
(Chemicals Plant)
1. Amoco Chemicals Corporation
1. Texas City Terminal RR Co.
American Oil Company
Amoco Chemicals
Marathon Oil Company
Sea Train
Texas City Refining, Inc.
Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
U. S. Coast Guard
(Crews of docked ships)
1. 5th Avenue South between
Grant and Highway 146
2. Grant Avenue between
5th Avenue South and
Highway 519
1. Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
2. Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
American Oil Company
Pan American Gas Company
Smith-Douglass Company, Inc.
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3. Highway 146 between
5th Avenue South and
junction with Highway 519
4. Texas Avenue cut-off to
5th Avenue South between
28th Street and 5th Avenue South
3. Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
4. Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
(Barge Terminal)
1. Highway 146 (business route)
between 4th Avenue South and
junction with Highway 519
1. Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
Texas City Refining, Inc.
Amoco Chemicals Corporation
VII. IMAS ROAD BLOCKS FOR THE CITY OF TEXAS CITY TO
PREVENT ENTRY OF ALL BUT EMERGENCY TRAFFIC
1. Highway 146 at 25th Avenue North
Turn traffic north to FM 517 to Dickinson and Highway 3
2. Palmer Highway (13th Avenue North) at Highway 3
Turn traffic north or south
3. 5th. Avenue South (Intercity) at Highway 146
Turn traffic west to Highway 3
4. Highway 519 (LaMarque Main Street) at Highway 146
Turn traffic west to Highway 3
5. Junction Highway 3 and Highway 146
(Texas City business route-Texas City Wye.)
Turn traffic north and south on Highway 3
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APPENDIX IV
PROCEDURE FOR EQUIPMENT AND PLANT EMERGENCY
SYSTEMS COMMITTEE
Chairman — Gail Atkins — Wan Chang
I. IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
To order equipment and Supplies, call Unit No. 11 or WI 8-2525.
A. State Name of Company and Your Name.
B. Quantity and Description of Supplies or Materials Required.
II. EQUIPMENT SURVEY
A. The individual members of this committee are responsible for furnishing lists
of fire, safety, and mechanical equipment of the respective companies to the
committee chairman.
B. The individual members of this committee are responsible for furnishing lists
of the names and telephone numbers of persons authorized to release
equipment in case of emergency.
III. DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION
The above information is to be submitted to the chairman of the committee
whenever revision is necessary. The chairman shall be responsible for preparing
lists which will be submitted to the secretary of the IMAS for distribution to all
member companies.
IV. See page Nos. 250 - 254 for list of equipment.
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FOR AUTHORIZATION TO RELEASE EQUIPMENT IN
CASE OF EMERGENCY
Use IMAS radio (refer to company call designations) or telephone, as conditions
indicate:
American Oil Company
(KFG-81)
Days Business Residence
G. L. Honeycutt WI 5-2311 WI 5-6908
F. K. Webb WI 5-2311 WI 5-9567
Nights and Week Ends — WI 5-9788 and ask for Night Superintendent.
Amoco Chemicals Corporation
Day or Night Business
M.S. Weir WI 8-1601
O.W. Collier WI 8-1601
Residence
877-2429 (Kemah)
WE 5-6475
Community Public Service Co. Call WI 5-2386 and give necessary information.
Houston Natural Gas Corporation
Houston Pipe Line Company
Day or Night Business Residence
J.S.Sullivan WI 5-4471 WI 5-9331
E. B. Langford WI 5-4471 WI 5-7317
Day or Night
Gas Control - Houston FA 3-2984
Monsanto Company
(KFG-94)
Marathon Oil Company
(KFG-96)
Smith-Douglass Company, Inc.
Texas City Refining, Inc.
(KFG-92)
Day or Night
Call WI 5-5022 and give necessary information.
Day or Night
Call WI 5-2331 and give necessary information.
Day or Night
Call WI 8-1691 and give necessary information.
Day or Night
Call WI 5-4451 and give necessary information.
Texas City Terminal R.R. Company Days
Call WI 5-4461 and give necessary information.
Nights
Call WI 5-5011 or WI 5-5311 and give necessary
information.
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U. S. Coast Guard Day or Night
Call Galveston SO 3-1635 and give necessary
information.
Union Carbide Company Days
(KFG-98) Call WI 5-7411, Ext. 409 or 491, and give
necessary information
Nights
Call WI 5-7411 and give necessary information.
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LISTS OF FIRE. SAFETY, AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
AMERICAN OIL COMPANY
Fire Equipment
50-50'lengths
12
3
1
2
300 - 50 Ib. cans
300 - 50 Ib. cans
500 - gallons
Safety Equipment
2
4
80
1
2%"fire hose with NST
Adjustable straight stream and fog nozzles
National D-25 foam generators (dual powder)
complete with 4" mixing hose, Siamese and
nozzles
52'National hydraulic foam tower
Goose neck foam maker chambers for hydraulic
tower (mechanical and chemical)
National "A" foam powder
National "B" foam powder
National 3% foam liquid
- All-purpose canister gas masks
- Self-contained air paks (15-minute approval,
recharging equipment available)
— Wool blankets
— Stokes metal splint stretcher
AMOCO CHEMICALS CORPORATION
Safety Equipment
6
1
Self-contained air masks
Resuscitator
MONSANTO COMPANY
Fire Equipment
2,000'
5
10
2
5 00-gallons
2Vi" fire hose NST couplings
2'/2" adjustable straight stream and fog nozzles
21/4"straight stream nozzles (!%" tips)
\Vi" mechanical foam nozzles with pick up tubes.
Mechanical foam 6% National "99" for alcohol,
ether, esters, etc.
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1 - Portable dual foam generator complete with 4"
mixing hose, Siamese and nozzle.
200 - cans - "A" foam powder (10,000) Ibs.
200 - cans - "B" foam powder (10,000) Ibs.
2 - 2l/2" mechanical foam nozzles with pick up tubes.
Safety Equipment
8 - Wool blankets
4 - U. S. Army canvas stretchers
1 - Stokes metal splint stretcher
4 - All-purpose canister masks
1 - Fresh air hose mask without blower
1 - Fresh air hose mask complete with hand-operated
blower
1 - Pneophore assembly complete - 40 cu. ft.
capacity cylinder (to be used for giving oxygen)
6 — Air line respirators
2 - Chemox oxygen breathing apparatus (12 canisters).
MARATHON OIL COMPANY
Available Fire Equipment And/Or Supplies
1 - 500 gpm Chrysler fire pump mounted on trailer
2 — Hydraulic foam towers for mechanical foam
6 — 150 Ib. dry powder wheeled extinguishers
1,000' - 2l/2"fire hose, NSTcouplings
2 - 30-minute self-contained air paks
120-5 gal. cans - Mechanical foam 3% (600 gallons).
SMITH-DOUGLASS COMPANY, INC.
Available Fire Equipment And/Or Supplies
300" - 2W fire hose, NST
1 — Adjustable straight stream and fog nozzle
1 - First-aid kit complete - additional equipment
as needed.
2 - Basket stretchers with blankets
2 — All-purpose gas masks
1 - Pickup truck or station wagon to be used as needed.
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TEXAS CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT
Fire Equipment
3
4
1
1,000'
8,000'
2,300'
10
4
3
4
1
8-151b.
6-151b.
Fire Equipment
250-cans
250-cans
40 - cans
300'
150'
2
2
2
2
3
3-3501b.
300 - pounds
4
1
— Bean high pressure trucks
— 750 gpm — CMC pumpers
- 750 gpm International (pumper)
- \W hose, NST
- 2W hose, NST
- %" and 1" booster hose
— Gas masks (smoke)
— Self-contained air paks
— Portable electric generators (1500 Watt)
2-DC; 1-AC
— Portable floodlights
— Resuscitator
— Carbon dioxide extinguishers
- Dry powder extinguishers.
TEXAS CITY REFINING, INC.
"A" foam powder
"B" foam powder
Single foam powder
2W fire hose, NST
1V4" firehose, NST
2l/z" adjustable straight stream and fog nozzles.
2V2" deluge guns (2-way)
21/2"Wyes(l1/2X F/2)
21/2/' straight stream nozzles
Single powder foam hoppers
Dry powder extinguishers (wheeled)
Dry powder
Spare nitrogen cylinders for 350 Ib. extinguisher
Hydraulic (single powder) foam tower.
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Safety Equipment
12-pair
2
2
2
2
Fire Equipment
100-gallons
1
Fire Equipment
— Seiberling Neoprene Gloves — sizes 10 and 11
- Asbestos suits
— Air masks and blowers with hose
— All-purpose gas masks
- 30-minute self-contained air paks with
extra cylinders.
TEXAS CITY TERMINAL RAILROAD
- 3% foam liquid
— IVi" mechanical foam nozzle with pick up tube.
UNION CARBIDE COMPANY
200 - 50 Ib. cans
1,000'
1,000'
1
4
4
4
1
3-pair
2
1
6- 15 Ib.
Safety Equipment
6
12-each
12
12 - each
National "99" foam powder (alcohols,
Ketones, etc.)
2ti" fire hose, NST
IW fire hose, NST
Foam generator (1050 gpm capacity) for "99"
powder foam
2W straight stream nozzles
2W adjustable straight stream and fog nozzles
P/2" adjustable straight stream and fog nozzles
Asbestos suit
Asbestos gloves
2V21' double female couplings, NST
2V4" x IW x IW Siamese couplings, NST
CO2 extinguishers
All-service gas masks
Spare all-service gas masks canisters
Industrial gas masks (any type canister)
Spare canisters for industrial gas masks for
protection against any of the following
gases or vapors: acid gases, organic vapors
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acid gases and organic vapors, ammonia or
chlorine
6 — Blankets
6 — Stretchers.
TEXAS CITY CIVIL DEFENSE ORGANIZATION
Safety Equipment
3 — New oxygen breather masks (for use in toxic
chemical or toxic sewer emergencies). This
type will run 1 hour to a can of chemical
breathing material.
19 — Cans of chemical breathing material which will
run 19 hours of actual use in the oxygen
breather masks.
24 — New gas masks, for use in heavy smoke areas, or
chemical areas which dissipate gases in the same
category as mustard gas or chemical warfare.
(Note also that 79 other masks of this type are
available within the city-at present assigned to
Fire and Police Departments)
50 — New cots for emergency use.
140 — New wool blankets, for use in rescue, fire,
exposure, explosion, and hurricane.
34 — Emergency medical kits for nerve gas victims only.
1 — Rescue truck, for use in high water emergencies,
etc., which is maintained through the auspices
of the Texas City Fire Department.
Services Available
COMMUNITY PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY
Electrical assistance and emergency personnel for public service power
lines:
Call WI 5-2386
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HOUSTON NATURAL GAS CORPORATION
and
HOUSTON PIPE LINE COMPANY
Emergency personnel and equipment to care for failure in public service
gas lines:
Call Office Home
J.S.Sullivan WI5-4471 WI5-9331
E. B. Langford WI 5-4471 WI 5-7317
TEXAS CITY TERMINAL RAILROAD
When it is feasible to move railroad equipment that is endangered in an
emergency, equipment and personnel will be made available to move the same
to a safer location.
Call WI 5-5311
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APPENDIX V
PROCEDURE OF MEDICAL COORDINATION COMMITTEE
Chairman — Dr. R. E. Joyner — Union Carbide Chemicals Company
I. PROCEDURE AT SCENE OF EMERGENCY
A. If plant physician is employed:
1. The physician would follow his present standard operating procedure -
survey the situation and make request for whatever medical service is
required and would attach medical tags to victims.
B. In cases where no plant physician is available, the person in authority should
evaluate the disaster as follows:
1. How many persons are injured?
2. What type of injury?
3. Are they transportable? If yes — how many?
4. Medical personnel needed immediately at site?
5. What special medical supplies are needed at site?
This information should be given to the physician normally called and also
to the IMAS chairman or the chairman of the Medical Coordinating Com-
mittee as quickly as possible.
II. FIRST AID STATIONS
A. Plant first aid stations or dispensaries.
B. Doctors' offices, clinics, or other necessary facilities depending on the nature
and scope of situation. This is to be determined by extent of situation by
plant doctor and chairman of the Medical Coordinating Committee. In event
aid stations are necessary after disaster for use by rescue workers or crews,
etc., the choice of the aid station would be determined by accessibility, size
of rooms, availability of electricity, heat, water, and toilet facilities.
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III. PROCEDURE FOR ALERTING HOSPITALS
The chairman of the Medical Coordination Committee, his assistant, or the
plant doctor will alert the hospitals and give information requested in No. 1
above.
IV. PROCEDURE FOR ALERTING AMBULANCES
Upon receiving information requested in No. I, the hospitals, clinics, or the
chairman of the Medical Coordination Committee will direct ambulances as
required.
V. LISTING OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES AND THEIR LOCATIONS ARE AS
FOLLOWS
Medical Supply chests for established First Aid Field Stations under the
direction of or by a doctor are located as follows:
American Oil Company 4 Chests
City of Texas City 1 Chest
Community Public Service Company 1 Chest
Monsanto Chemical Company 2 Chests
Marathon Oil Company 1 Chest
Smith-Douglass Company, Inc. 1 Chest
Texas City Refining 2 Chests
Texas City Terminal Railway 1 Chest
Wan Chang Corporation 1 Chest
Union Carbide Chemicals Company 4 Chests
1. These chests will be retained in the locations listed and will be available for
the use of any company or the Medical Committee of the IMAS.
2. In the event chests are used by any company or organization, it is under-
stood that the user will be responsible for the immediate replacement of
materials used and return of the chests to the owner or owners.
3. That the chests will be placed under constant observation within the specific
locations and the use of supplies except in cases of extreme emergency will
be discouraged. These are not First Aid chests in any sense — but treatment
chests for DOCTORS' USE.
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4. That the contents of the chest be checked periodically (at least one time per
year) and that chests be resealed, keeping a permanent record of the number
of the seal used.
5. Dextran in the chests has an indefinite life expectancy. Replacement should
be arranged through the plant physician or the clinic, or the physician
handling the plant medical work. THIS IS IMPORTANT.
6. Chests should be stored in a cool location, i.e., normal room temperature.
CONTENTS OF MEDICAL CHESTS
4 Pints
1 Pint
2 Units
1 Dozen
2 Dozen
2x 100
2x 100
1 x 90
2 x 2 oz.
ITube
1 Dozen
1
1 Package
1 Dozen
2
6
1
1 Dozen
1 Can
1 Quart Jar
2
2
1
Alcohol
Mercresin
Dextran
Ace Bandage — 4-inch
Yard square
4x4 Gauze sponge
2x2 Gauze sponge
2-inch roller gauze bandage
Sterile cotton
Adhesive tape — mixed cut
Sterile towels (packed in threes)
5Oml Vial sterile H2O
Sterile applicator sticks
Needles
5 ml syringe
2 ml Syringe
50 ml 1% Novocaine
Identification tags and pencils (red)
Stimulants — Coramine
Caffeine
Adrenalin
Suture material
Instruments — Thumb forceps
Mouse tooth
Hemostats (2)
Needle holder
Scissors
Rubber tubing — 15 inches
Dropper bottle pontacaine sol.
Bandage Scissors
Large ear bulb syringe
Flashlight
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MEDICAL SUPPLIES AVAILABLE IN THIS AREA
Anderson and Kolb Texas City Hospital
Magliolo Clinic Union Carbide Chemicals Co.
Danforth Clinic American Oil Company
Beeler-Manske Clinic Galveston County Memorial Hospital
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE
1 - Portable water chlor-
inating unit Water Department
City of Texas City
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APPENDIX VI
PROCEDURES FOR IMASCHAIRMAN
I. Shall determine time and place meetings are to be called and held.
II. Shall coordinate the work of the various sub-committees and distribute
information and emergency lists to all IMAS member companies.
III. Shall report to the Texas City Police Department Headquarters in case of
emergency and coordinate activities incident thereto.
IV. Shall maintain liaison between the IMAS and other organizations which may
function in case of emergency.
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APPENDIX VII
INTERSECTION MUTUAL AID ORGANIZATION'S RECIPROCAL
AID AGREEMENT
TEXAS GULF COAST
Adopted 4-25-61
PURPOSE:
This agreement is intended to clarify method and procedures to employ in
obtaining industrial emergency aid by and from Mutual Aid Organizations listed
below:
Names of Organizations
Channel Industries Mutual Aid Houston
Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System Texas City
Victoria-Calhoun Counties Mutual Aid Organization Port Lavaca
Corpus Christi Refinery-Terminal Fire Company Corpus Christi
DEFINITIONS:
The word "subscriber" as used, means a Mutual Aid Organization.
The words "company" or "member" mean an industry belonging to, or
within the area of, any Mutual Aid Organization.
METHOD:
The above subscribers agree that when an emergency occurs in an area of any
individual subscriber and the local supplies are inadequate to control that emer-
gency, the officer in charge of the affected subscriber, upon the authority of the
company or member in emergency, may request fire fighting or medical supplies
or equipment from another subscriber.
Where applicable, the officer in charge of the affected subscriber will inform
the State Civil Defense Coordinator, through the State Highway Patrol Captain at
the emergency area, of the requests made of other subscribers.
Transportation of such equipment and supplies shall be from the location of
the lending subscriber to a point designated by the borrowing subscriber with the
express understanding that at no time shall transportation facilities and operators
be subjected to undue hazard by reason of location of destination.
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RESPONSIBILITY:
A request for equipment and supplies originating from the officer in charge
of the affected subscriber at the request of the member or company in emergency
shall be the binding agreement between the member or company lending re-
quested assistance, to the extent that the receiving member of the company shall
make reimbursement either in cash at current prices or in kind, to the lending
member or company for equipment and supplies received.
In the implementation of the Agreement, officers of Mutual Aid Organiza-
tions whose names and telephone numbers are listed below must understand that
no call for assistance should be originated without the request of a responsible
official of the distressed company. This entails the probability of being sub-
poenaed to testify concerning the authenticity of the request.
Since reimbursement for any aid furnished is to be based upon supplies and
equipment received, Mutual Aid officers should advise company officials who
request aid that they should make inventory and give receipts upon delivery.
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LIST OF OFFICERS AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ASSISTANCE REQUESTS:
Channel Industries Mutual Aid:
Name
L. S. Buenger, Chairman
W. T. Crouse, Vice-
chairman & Specialist
T. C. Smith
Communications Officer
Baytown
Humble Oil & Refining Co.
Telephone
City
Pasadena
Pasadena
Organization
Diamond Alkali Company
Rohm & Haas Company
Day
GR 9-2301
GR 9-2861
Night
GR 2-50 17
GR 2-6 150
583-7461
583-1465
L. J. Grossheim
CIMA Specialist
Houston
Shell Oil Company
GR 9-23 II
WA6-S52I
Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System:
10
W
C. L. Gilmore, Chairman
Carter Goodwin, Vice-
Chairman
K. E. A£«:, Vice-
Chairman
Texas City
Texas City
Texas City
Monsanto Chemical Company
Marathon Oil Company
Texas City Refining. Inc.
WI 5-4431
WI 5-2331
WI 5-4451
WI 5-6903
WE 5-2659
WI 5-2414
Victoria-Calhoun Counties Mutual Aid Organization:
>
1
D
cr
T.H. Kinney
1. E. Ebensberger
Corpus Christi Refinery — Terminal
L. K. Grove
G. W. Stephcnson
R. R. Reed
A. J. Besselman
H. E. Ammerman
Port Lavaca
Port Lavaca
Fire Company:
Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi
Union Carbide
Chemical Co.
Union Carbide
Chemical Co.
Great Southern
Chemical Company
Southwestern Oil &
Refining Company
Pontiac Refining Corp.
General American Tank
Storage Terminals
Corpus Christi Refinery
Terminal Fire Company
(Victoria)
HIS-6411
-Ext. 234
(Victoria)
HI 5-641 1
-Ext. 413
TU 3-9286
TU 4-8863
TU 2-8871
TU 4-5285
TU 3-8062
(Victoria)1
HI 3-2670
(Victoria)'
HI 3-7329
TE 5-0642
TE 5-8 157
TU 4-9563
TU 2-4786
UL 3-2 135
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LIST OF SUPPLIES AVAILABLE FOR LOAN THROUGH THE
INTERSECTIONAL MUTUAL AID ORGANIZATION'S
RECIPROCAL AGREEMENT
I. CHANNEL INDUSTRIES MUTUAL AID
1,000 Ibs. - "A" foam powder
1,000 Ibs. - "B" foam powder
72,000 Ibs. - Single foam powder
10,000 gal. - 3% foam liquid
Dow Chemical Company
5,000 Ibs. - "A" foam powder
5,000 Ibs. - "B" foam powder
II. CORPUS CHRISTI TERMINAL FIRE COMPANY
37,500 Ibs. - "A" chemical foam powder
37,500 Ibs. - "B" chemical foam powder
III, TEXAS CITY INDUSTRIAL MUTUAL AID SYSTEM
American Oil Company
29,000 Ibs. - "A" foam powder
29,000 Ibs. - "B" foam powder
Monsanto Chemical Company
5,000 Ibs. - "A" foam powder
5,000 Ibs. - "B" foam powder
500 gal. - 6% "National 99" (alcohol) liquid
Marathon Oil Company
300 gal. - 3% Mechanical foam liquid
Texas City Refining, Inc.
16,750 Ibs. - "A" foam powder
16,750 Ibs. - "B" foam powder
2,000 Ibs. - Single powder
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Union Carbide Chemicals Company
10,000 Ibs. - "National 99" (alcohol) powder
IV. VICTORIA-CALHOUN COUNTIES MUTUAL AID ORGANIZATION
Alcoa
40 gal. - Liquid foam chemical
Union Carbide Chemicals Company
200 gal. - Unox wet penetrant foam liquid
Du Pont
12,500 Ibs. - "National 99" (alcohol) foam powder
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APPENDIX VIII
CO-OPERATIVE AGREEMENT
I. PARTIES TO THE AGREEMENT
(A) Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid
F. A. Randall, Chairman
C. L. Gilmore, Alternate Chairman
J. M, Eason, Alternate Chairman
H. B. Williams, Secretary
(B) Gulf Area Water Works and Sewerage Association
Allan Wood, President
Guy Wilkinson, Secretary-Treasurer
H. D. Winkler, Program Chairman
II. PURPOSE
(A) The Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System agrees to serve only as
communication liaison between the Gulf Area Water Works and Sewerage
Association and Texas City industries to transmit messages through its
system of communications within the industrial complex, requesting assis-
tance in the form of heavy hoisting equipment, gasoline power units,
compressors, etc., during emergencies.
(B) The Gulf Area Water Works and Sewerage Association, because of the
strategic locations of its sources of potable water, can supply drinking water
to Texas City industries during emergencies which cause contamination of
normal supply sources.
III. UNDERSTANDING
PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT understand that when emergency re-
quests are made by authorized officers of either party for assistance, diligent
effort will be exercised toward compliance, however, this agreement does not
constitute a binding contract upon either party.
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IV. REIMBURSEMENT
PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT understand that reimbursement for
equipment and/or service supplied shall be incumbent upon the individual mem-
ber requesting available assistance and the same shall be made promptly, directly
to the supplying member.
Neither party to this agreement shall be held liable for costs of equipment
and/or supplies delivered by request of any one of its members.
This agreement may be cancelled by written notice from either party.
Signed on this 6th day of September 1962
(SIGNED) F.A. RANDALL
FOR PARTY A - Texas City Industrial
Mutual Aid System
(SIGNED) ALLAN WOOD
FOR PARTY B - Gulf Area Water Works and
Sewerage Association
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APPENDIX D
HANDLING OF CHEMICAL SPILLS IN PUBLIC WATERS
Amoco Chemicals Corporation
Texas City, Texas
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HANDLING OF CHEMICAL SPILLS IN PUBLIC WATERS
PLANT ADMINISTRATIVE BULLETIN
Purpose
To minimize contamination of public waters by spills of chemicals in or
adjacent to public waters and to provide a reporting procedure to be followed by
plant supervisors and management in reporting such spills.
I. Materials and Equipment
A. The Texas City industrial complex has mutually provided certain materi-
als and equipment and has call on other materials and equipment to minimize
public waters contamination by a spill of chemicals and/or hydrocarbons. The
equipment consists of:
2450 feet of slickbar oil boom (in sections) stored at the
docks
Kidde-Hi ex foam generator (stored in City Fire Station
#1)
Catamaran equipped with polyurethane foam oil extrac-
tion device (available from American Oil)
Boats for placing slickbar, etc. (Texas City Boatman's
Association)
Vacuum trucks to pick up spill (Malone and Weeren)
B. The Company maintains the following equipment to contain and remove
small spills:
200 feet of floating boom
2 barrels dispersant
25 bales of straw
life jackets (available at docks)
hand tools as needed from warehouse
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II. Procedure to Follow
A. In case of a spill at any dock area or adjacent public waters, the person
discovering the spill shall notify the process supervisor in charge of the source unit
to initiate corrective action, if this is not already in progress. If he cannot locate
the unit supervisor quickly, he will contact the night superintendent or operations
supervisor, as appropriate.
B. The process supervisor or his representative shall notify one of the
following, in the following preference order:
1. Superintendent, Operations
2. Operating Supervisor, Process II
3. Operating Supervisor, Process I
Note: The engineer responsible for Air and Water
Conservation at the plant should be notified as soon as
possible.
C. In the event of a spill of 50 gallons or more, the process supervisor should
also notify the Plant Manager, who will in turn notify the Vice President or senior
executive of the department.
D. The supervisor in (B) who is contacted shall judge whether the spill is
significant enough to warrant notifying the authorities. If so, he will call the
following as soon as possible and advise them of the time, cause, location, type of
material, hazard involved, estimated general magnitude of the spill, environmental
conditions, and of the corrective measures being taken as well as people notified,
and name of vessel, if any involved.
1. Mr. R. Z. Fincham
Parks & Wildlife Department
Office - SO2-0732 (Galveston)
Home - 534-3384 (Dickinson)
2. Mr. John Latchford
District Supervisor
Texas Water Quality Board
Office - 471-0384 (LaPorte)
(Call during normal working hours)
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3. U.S. Coast Guard
Officer of the Day
Phone -713-763-1635
4. Company coordinator of Air and Water Conservation,
Chicago office.
E. In addition, the person notified will immediately carry out the following
procedures:
1. Small Spill:
If the location and magnitude of the spill is such that it
can be contained and removed by Company personnel
and available equipment (including vacuum trucks)
immediate steps should be taken to put this procedure
into action.
2. Medium Spill:
a. Call the Texas City Boatman's Association, giving
details and securing assistance to contain the spill by use
of the slick bar, if required.
DAY — Texas City Boatman's Association
945-3496 (days only)
NIGHTS, HOLIDAYS, WEEKENDS
- Troy Wright - 945-9336
- Angelo Amoto - 948-2375
b. If the spilled material is readily flammable (below
80° flash point such as benzene), the Kidde-Hi ex foam
generator shall be secured from the Texas City Fire
Department to be operated by Company personnel to
cover the area of the spill with foam and minimize flash
hazard.
c. Vacuum trucks shall be secured if this method of
pickup is practical.
d. The catamaran should be secured from American Oil
if that be a more practical way of picking up the spilled
material. This is to be operated by the Boatman's Asso-
ciation.
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3. Large Spill:
In case of a spill or any loss beyond the capabilities of
local facilities, where large areas may suffer extensive
contamination, the Vice President or senior executive
will be notified immediately and will be responsible for
directing the clean-up action.
F. Only as a last resort should a dispersant be used on the spill.
G. A report of any such spill will be prepared by the process supervisor
involved, describing the occurrence, when discovered, to whom reported, the
amount and type of material lost, corrective measures taken, and disposition of
material if picked up. This shall be sent to the Plant Manager for information and
file.
III. Press Relations
All relations with the news media will be handled locally by the Plant
Manager or his designee, or the Superintendent, Industrial Relations.
IV. Objective
The objective at all times is to prevent or minimize contamination, and, also,
to prevent fires. The procedure should be put into effect as soon as possible.
Failure to notify the proper Federal authorities of harmful spills could result in a
penalty of $10,000 fine or a year's imprisonment, or both.
Revision 1 - June 1, 1970
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APPENDIX E
RESOLUTION NO. 68-65
PRESCRIBING REQUIREMENTS FOR TWENTY-ONE WASTE DISCHARGES
BY CALIFORNIA AND HAWAIIAN SUGAR COMPANY INTO
CARQUINEZ STRAIT NEAR CROCKETT, CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
State of California
Regional Water Quality Control Board
San Francisco Bay Region, California
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WHEREAS THIS REGIONAL BOARD HAS CONSIDERED
REPORT ON WASTE DISCHARGE
1. California and Hawaiian Sugar Company, called the discharger below, filed a
Report on Waste Discharge dated April 4, 1968, with this Regional Water Quality
Control Board pursuant to Section 13054 of the California Water Code.
2. That report and other data describe these waste discharges as follows:
Waste "A" is about 28 mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of barometric
cooling water from evaporators used in sugar refining. It is not treated and is
being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point about four feet below mean
low water and about 15 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's
wharf, via a 24-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "A.'
Waste "B" is about 7 mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of closed
cooling water from steam turbine heat exchanger. It is not treated and is
being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point below mean low water and
about 10 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a
ten-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "B."
Waste "C" is about 4.4 mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of baro-
metric cooling water from evaporators used in sugar refining. It is not treated
and is being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point above mean low
water and about 40 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's
wharf, via a 14-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "C."
Waste "D" is about 3 mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of barometric
cooling water from evaporators used in sugar refining and sodium carbonate
cleaning chemical; sodium carbonate cleaning solution is added one day each
14 days. It is not treated and is being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a
point about 4 feet below mean low water and about 14 feet inshore from the
outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 14-inch pipe identified herein as
Outfall "D."
Waste "E" is about one mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of filter
backwash and process tank cleaning waste. It is not treated and is being
discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point below mean low water and about
15 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 14-inch
pipe identified herein as Outfall "E."
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Waste "F" is about 0.78 mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of waste
from bone char de-ashing column. It is not treated and is being discharged
into Carquinez Strait at a point above mean low water and about 50 feet
inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 10-inch pipe
identified herein as Outfall "F.'
Waste "G" is about 0.5 mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of baro-
metric cooling water from evaporators used in sugar refining. It is not treated
and is being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point about 4 feet below
mean low water and about 25 feet inshore from the outer edge of the
discharger's wharf, via a 14-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "G."
Waste "H" is about 0.5 mgd of industrial waste only, consisting of closed
cooling water, boiler blow down, effluent from silica reactor, and effluent
from ion exchanger backwashing; ion exchanger backwashing operates one in
7 days. It is not treated and is being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a
point above mean low water and about 25 feet inshore from the outer edge
of the discharger's wharf, via a 10-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "H."
Waste "I" is about 15,000 gpd intermittent industrial waste only, consisting
of rail car washings and steam rack waste. It is treated by a trap for oil and
grease removal and is being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point above
mean low water and about 30 feet inshore from the outer edge of the
discharger's wharf, via an 18-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "I."
Waste "J" is about 6,000 gpd intermittent industrial waste only, consisting
of waste from washing trucks used for carrying processed sugar. It is not
treated and is being discharged into an unnamed creek west of the dis-
charger's plant, via a ditch identified herein as Outfall "J"; the waste flows
about 250 feet to Carquinez Strait.
Waste "K" is about 13,000 gpd of intermittent industrial waste only,
consisting of magnesium chloride cleaning solution and sulfamic acid. It is
not treated and is being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point above the
surface and about 120 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's
wharf, via a 10-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "K.'
Waste "L" is about 300 gpd of industrial waste only, consisting of waste
containing traces of battery acid and grease from discharger's garage. It is not
treated and is being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point above the
surface and about 75 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's
wharf, via a 4-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "L."
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Waste "M" is about 200 gpd of intermittent industrial waste only, consisting
of waste from laboratory. It is not treated and is being discharged into
Carquinez Strait at a point above the surface and about 50 feet inshore from
the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 4-inch pipe identified herein as
Outfall "M.'
Waste "N" is about 150 gpd of intermittent industrial waste only, consisting
of filter press leaf cleaning with sulfamic acid, hydrochloric acid and hydro-
fluoric acid solution. It is not treated and is being discharged on alternate
days into Carquinez Strait at a point above the surface and about 50 feet
inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 3-inch pipe
identified herein as Outfall "N.'
Waste "O" is industrial waste only, consisting of runoff from the discharger's
plant and storage area. It is not treated and is being discharged into
Carquinez Strait at a point above the surface and about 30 feet inshore from
the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 10-inch pipe identified herein
as Outfall "O."
Waste "P" is industrial waste only, consisting of runoff from the discharger's
plant and storage area. It is not treated and is being discharged into
Carquinez Strait at a point above the surface and about 50 feet inshore from
the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via an 8-inch pipe identified herein
as Outfall "P."
Waste "Q" is less than 100 gpd of intermittent industrial waste only,
consisting of roof runoff and soda tank washings. It is not treated and is
being discharged into Carquinez Strait at a point above the surface and about
120 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 4-inch
pipe identified herein as Outfall "Q."
Waste "R" is about 30,000 gallons each two weeks of intermittent industrial
waste only, consisting of sand filter backwash. It is not treated and is being
discharged one day each 14 days into Carquinez Strait at a point above the
surface and about 50 feet inshore from the outer edge of the discharger's
wharf, via a 10-inch pipe identified herein as Outfall "R."
Waste "S" is about 9,000 gpd of industrial waste only consisting of miscella-
neous refinery washings. It is not treated and is being discharged into
Carquinez Strait at a point above the surface and about 50 feet inshore from
the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 4-inch pipe identified herein as
Outfall "S.'
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Waste "T" is less than 100 gpd of intermittent industrial waste only con-
sisting of wash-water from the wharf. It is not treated and is being discharged
into Carquinez Strait at a point above the surface and about 15 feet inshore
from the outer edge of the discharger's wharf, via a 4-inch pipe identified
herein as Outfall "T."
Waste "U" is about 200 pounds of raw sugar each five days, and is washed
from unloading conveyors by immersing them in the Strait at the edge of the
wharf.
CORRESPONDENCE
The Regional Board has considered recommendations about this matter from:
State Department of Fish and Game in its memorandum dated August
15,1968
State Department of Water Resources in its memorandum dated August
6, 1968.
STAFF INVESTIGATION
1. These wastes can affect the following present beneficial water uses in
Carquinez Strait and contiguous water bodies:
Industrial cooling water supply year-round
Water-skiing, pleasure boating, marinas, fishing, and hunting
Fish and wildlife propagation and sustenance, and waterfowl and migra-
tory birds habitat and resting
Esthetic appeal.
2. Land within 1000 feet of the Outfall is used for residence, industry, and
transportation.
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RESOLVED BY THIS REGIONAL BOARD
BOARD INTENT
1. Protect public health as it may be affected by this waste discharge.
2. Prevent nuisance, as defined in Section 13005 of the California Water Code.
3. Recognize waste disposal, dispersion, and assimilation as economic benefi-
cial water uses which shall be regulated to protect other beneficial water uses.
4. Protect the beneficial water uses listed under "Staff Investigation," above.
WASTE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS - RECEIVING WATERS
The discharge of these wastes shall not cause:
1. Atmospheric odors recognizable as being of waste origin at any place
outside the discharger's property.
2. Unsightliness, odors, nor damage to any of the protected beneficial water
uses resulting from:
Floating, suspended, or deposited macroscopic particulate matter,
foam, oil, or grease in waters of the State at any place; floating oil shall
be considered present if in enough quantity to cause iridescence;
Bottom deposits at any place outside the discharger's wharf;
Aquatic growths at any place outside the discharger's wharf;
3. Temperature, turbidity or apparent color beyond present natural back-
ground levels in waters of the State at any place outside the discharger's
wharf.
4. Waters of the State to exceed the following limits of quality at any place
outside the discharger's wharf:
pH 7.0, minimum
8.5, maximum
Dissolved oxygen 5.0 mg/1, minimum
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Any one or more substances in concentration that impair any of the
protected beneficial water uses or make aquatic life or wildlife unfit for
consumption.
WASTE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS - WASTE STREAMS
The wastes as discharged shall meet these quality limits at all times:
1. In any grab sample:
Settleable matter in Wastes "A," "B," "C," "D," and "G" shall not
exceed that in the discharger's intake water from Carquinez Strait, and
settleable matter in the other wastes shall not exceed:
The arithmetic average of any six or
more samples collected on any day 0.5 ml/l/hr, maximum
80% of all individual samples
collected during maximum daily
flow over any 30-day period 0.4 ml/1 /hr, maximum
Any sample 1.0 ml/1 /hr, maximum
2. In any representative, 24-hour composite sample:
5-day, 20°C BOD removal shall be sufficient to maintain the dissolved
oxygen concentration prescribed above, but BOD removal is not re-
quired to exceed:
Average, during any 21 or more days 90%
Not more than two consecutive daily
determinations shall indicate BOD
removals less than 80%
3. The discharge of Wastes "D" and "E" shall not cause the waters of
Carquinez Strait at any point outside the outer edge of the discharger's
wharf to exceed the following limit of quality:
Toxicity: the concentration of the
waste itself in the receiving waters 10 percent of the 96-hour
TLm concentration of
the waste as discharged
maximum;
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The discharger may use the following as an optional alternate to the
toxicity requirement on Wastes "D" and "E" prescribed above:
Toxicity: survival of test fishes
in 96-hour bioassays of the wastes
as discharged
Any sample 75%, minimum
Average of any three or more
consecutive samples collected
during any 21 or more days 90%, minimum
4. In any sample of Wastes "F," "H," "K," "M," "N," "Q," and "S."
Toxicity: survival of test fishes
in 96-hour bioassays of the wastes
as discharged
Any sample 75%, minimum
Average of any three or more
consecutive samples collected
during any 21 or more days 90%, minimum
OTHER REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS
1. If the discharger elects the toxicity requirement limiting the concentrations
of Wastes "D" and "E" in the waters of Carquinez Strait, instead of the optional
toxicity requirement on those wastes themselves, this Board requires him to file a
written report on the dilution of those wastes which is achieved at the offshore
edge of his wharf under the least favorable tidal and/or current conditions. That
report shall be based upon actual observations as part of a study for which
specifications shall be developed pursuant to the Board's Resolution No.398.
2. This Resolution includes items numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 11 of the
attached "Requirements and Conditions" dated October 2, 1968.
JEROME B. GILBERT
Chairman
December 18, 1968
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I, Fred H. Dierker, hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of
Resolution No. 68-65 adopted by the Regional Water Quality Control Board of
Region No. 2 at its regular meeting on December 18, 1968.
FRED H. DIERKER
Executive Officer
REGIONAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL
BOARD NO. 2
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APPENDIX F
INDUSTRIAL SPILLS AND HAZARD ALERT PROCEDURES
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Water Resources
State of West Virginia
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STAT« OP DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
t?0» WASHINGTON ST.. CA«T . CHARLESTON \. W. VA. . TtU.! M5-44II. IXT. 2107
STATE WATER RESOURCES BOARD
INDUSTRIAL SPILLS AND HAZARD ALERTS
SECTION I
RECORD or INDUSTRIAL REPORT
(APPLICABLE ANYWHERE IN STATE)
NAME OF REPORTING COMPANY
LOCATION (CITY (RIVER BASIN)
PERSON REPORTING (NAME) (TITLE)
DATE REPORTED TIME REPORTED
SPILL STARTED (DATE) (TIME)_
SPILL STOPPED (DATE)
NAME OF MATERIAL SPILLED
QUANTITY OF UNDILUTED MATERIAL LOST POUNDS
SOLUBILITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY
RIVER CONCENTRATION
CAUSE OF SPILL
ACTION TAKEN TO STOP SPILL AND PREVENT RECURRANCE
RIVER FLOW (CFS) RIVER GAGE (LOCATION)
ESTIMATED RIVER VELOCITY MILES/HOUR
ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL AT (LOCATION) WATER PUNT
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HAZARD ESTIMATE
TOXICITY TO HUMANS
ToxiciTV TO FISH
TASTE AND OOOR
NUISANCE
COMPANY'S RECOMMENDATION FOR SAFEGUARDING PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES (ir SAFEGUARDS
ARE NEEDED) ____»»_
COMPANY^ PLAN FOR MONITORING (SAMPLING &. ANALYSIS), IF DEEMED NECESSARY
COMMENTS (INDICATE HERE IF SIGNIFICANCE OF SPILL WAS NOT GREAT ENOUGH TO WARRANT
NOTIFICATION OF OTHER AGENCIES). ___«_».
STATE WATER RESOURCES DIVISION REPRESENTATIVE TAKING REPORT
(SIGNATURE)
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STATE OP DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
WESTVIKGINIA DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
170S WASHINGTON ST.. CAST - CHARLESTON I. W. VA. . TCL.: 343-4411. CXT 2107
STATE WATER RESOURCES BOARD
INDUSTRIAL SPILLS AND HAZARD ALERTS
SECTION II
PART B
REPORT OF IMMEDIATE ACTION BY THE STATE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION ON INDUSTRIAL
SPILLS OCCURRING IN AREAS OUTSIDE THE KANAWHA RIVER.
I. CHECK RIVER CONCENTRATION
QUANTITY OF MATERIAL SPILLED POUNDS
GAGE HEIGHT FEET AT (LOCATION)
(INFORMATION FROM WHATEVER SOURCE AVAILABLE; I.E., LOCKMASTER, USGS,
THE REPORTING INDUSTRY OR OTHER SOURCE)
A. RlVER FLOW FROM RATING TABLE, REPORTING INDUSTRY OR FROM U.S.G.S.,
CFS
B. RIVER FLOW IN POUNDS PER HOUR
(3,600 x 62.H) x (A) « LB/HR
C. MATERIAL SPILLED IN POUNDS PER HOUR
QUANTITY SPILLED LB
LB/HR
DURATION OF SPILL HRS
0. RIVER CONCENTRATION
(C) LB/HR
_-ZIZZZIZZZ=II_-. x 1,000,000 « PPM
(B) LB/HR
II. ESTIMATED ARRIVAL TIME AT NEAREST WATER PLANT
A. RlVER FLOW FROM I. A. ABOVE » CFS
MILE POINT OF SPILL = MILES
SUBTRACT MILE POINT OF
NEAREST WATER PLANT a MILES
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B. MILES BETWEEN SPILL AND WATER PLANT at MILES
C. IF RIVER VELOCITY DATA ARE AVAILABLE FIND AVERAGE VELOCITY IN RIVER
REACH MPH/1,000 CFS
0. TlHE REQUIRED TO TRAVEL TO WATER PLANT
1,000 X (B)
(C) x (A)
III. NOTIFICATION
A. CASE I (FISH KILL)
I. NOTIFY FISH DIVISION IF FISH KILL DEVELOPS (EXT. 2786); OR LAW
ENFORCEMENT DIVISION (EXT. 278*1)
TIME NOTiFiED , DATE NOTIFIED
CHECK NAME OF PERSON NOTIFIED:
( ) ED KINNEY, RES. Dl 6-2256
( ) RAY CLEMENS, RES. WA 5-7907
( ) ROBERT LEESON, RES. Wl 9-22^7
( ) ALLEN WOODBURN (Do NOT CALL RESIDENCE)
2. IF INTERSTATE PROBLEM IN OHIO BASIN NOTIFY ORSANCO (CINCINNATI,
GARFIELD 1-1151)
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED
PERSON NOTIFIED
HRS
IN POTOMAC BASIN, NOTIFY POTOMAC RIVER COMMISSION (WASHINGTON, D.C.,
EXECUTIVE 3-1978 OR 3-1979)
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED
PERSON NOTIFIED
3. IF FISH KILL DEVELOPS NOTIFY SANITARY ENGINEERING DIVISION
TIME NOTIFIED f DATE NOTIFIED
CHECK NAME OF PERSON NOTIFIED:
( ) JOHN MILLAR, EXT. 2970
( ) G. 0. FORTNEY, EXT. 2981
( ) RAY LYON, EXT. 2983
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B. CASE II (TASTE & ODOR ONLY)
I. NOTIFY SANITARY ENGINEERING DIVISION
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTiTIED
CHECK NAME OF PERSON NOTIFIED:
( ) JOHN MILLAR, EXT. 2970
( ) G. 0. FORTNEY, EXT. 3981
( ) RAY LYON, EXT. 2983
2. IF INTERSTATE PROBLEM
IN OHIO BASIN, NOTIFY ORSANCO (CINCINNATI, GARFIELD l-l
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED
PERSON NOTIFIED
IN POTOMAC BASIN, NOTIFY POTOMAC RIVER COMMISSION (WASHINGTON, D.C.,
EXECUTIVE 3-I978)(OR 3-1979)
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED
PERSON NOTIFIED
C. CASE III (TOXICITY)
I. IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY SANITARY ENGINEERING DIVISION
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED
CHECK NAME OF PERSON NOTIFIED
( ) JOHN MILLAR; OFF: EXT 2970, RES: Dl 2-3060
( ) G. 0. FORTNEYJ OFF: EXT 2981, RES: WA 5-lUl8
( ) RAY LYON; OFF: EXT 2983, RES: PA 7-3635
2. IF INTERSTATE PROBLEM
IN OHIO BASIN, NOTIFY ORSANCO (CINCINNATI, GARFIELD I-1150
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED____
PERSON NOTIFIED
IN POTOMAC BASIN, NOTIFY POTOMAC RIVER COMMISSION (WASHINGTON, D.C.,
EXECUTIVE 3-1978 OR 3-1979)
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED
PERSON NOTiFiED
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0. CASE IV (NUISANCE)
PERSON NOTIFIED DEPARTMENT
TIME NOTIFIED , DATE NOTIFIED
3. REMARKS, INCLUDING SUMMARY OF ACTION TAKEN BY SANITARY ENGINEERING
DIVISION
IV. ATTACH ADDITIONAL REMARKS, REPORT OR FOLLOW-UP ACTION, MEMOS, CORRESPOND*
ENCEj FISH KILL REPORTS, LABORATORY DATA AND OTHER INFORMATION.
SIGNATURES:
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