xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA 453/N-93-011
January 1993
Control
Technology
Center
NEWS
Volume 5, No. 1
A JOINT EPA/STAPPA /ALAPCO PROJECT
January 1993
NEW OAQPS CONTROL
COST MANUAL
SUPPLEMENT AVAILABLE
By William M.Vatavuk
CEIS/SDB/ESD, OAQPS
The Cost and Economic Impact Sec-
tion, Standards Development Branch,
Emission Standards Division, has re-
cently completed the second supple-
ment to the "OAQPS Control Cost Man-
ual" (Fourth Edition, January 1990).
This supplement (EPA 450/3-90-006b)
consists of a new chapter, Chapter 9
("Gas Absorbers'). Like the parent re-
port, Supplement 2 is unbound, to make
it easier to insert the pages into a three-
ring binder.
Like the other Manual chapters,
MUt eliminator
Liquid sprays
Peking
Chapter 9 is self-contained. It discuss-
es: (1) the types of packed column gas
absorbers used in air pollution control;
(2) the theory underlying their operation
and design; (3) basic sizing procedures;
and (4) current data and procedures for
estimating capital and annual costs. In
particular, the chapter contains 1991
column and packing costs, which are
correlated with appropriate sizing pa-
rameters (e.g., column height and di-
ameter). Also included is a comprehen-
sive example problem that illustrates
these sizing and costing procedures.
Finally, Chapter 9 contains a table of
contents, list of references, and three
appendices. Appendixes A and B in-
clude physical properties for common
pollutants and characteristics for se-
lected packing types, respectively, while
Appendix C discusses an alternative
column sizing procedure.
(continued page 3)
AIRWAVES
By Bob Blaszczak,
CTC Co-Chair, AEERL
Happy New Year! After all, this is the January 1993 edition
of the CTC NEWS, even though you probably didn't receive
it until March. We are having significant problems getting the
CTC NEWS out on schedule. A new level of bureaucracy has
been installed in regard to printing and we have not done a
very good job coping with it. I was considering a New Years
resolution to get the CTC NEWS out on time, but the potential
for success is very low. On the other hand, the next edition
is not due until the end of April. It may outlive my other
resolutions by several months.
Page 5 of this edition is the annual CTC document ordering
form. The list includes only those documents completed
within the last 18 months. If you would like a complete list of
CTC projects, check reference number 48 on the ordering
form. To order, just cut out the form, check the documents
you need, enter your mailing address, fold in half, staple or
tape it closed, and apply first class postage. CTC products
are available to government agencies free of charge. Others
should order documents through the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) by calling (703) 487-4650 and
using the NTIS document number (begins with "PB") on the
ordering form. Please orderonlythosedocuments you need!
Demand for the "Evaluation and Costing of NOx Controls
for existing Utility Boilers in the NESCAUM Region," the
subject of the lead article in the last edition of the CTC News,
has been overwhelming. Requests have exceeded our
internal capability to reproduce the document and a request
to print additional copies externally has been approved. The
new printing should be available in late February. Copies
should be available from NTIS by early February. We are
also attempting to provide a downloadable version on the
CTC BBS. The Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use
Management (NESCAUM) is also distributing copies for a
fee (non-profrt/gov. agencies - $50; others - $75). NES-
CAUM can be reached at (617) 367-8540. Thank you foryour
patience.
Have a good year/
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
RBLC REQUESTS STATE/
LOCAL AGENCYHELP
By Joe Steigerwald
CTC/OAQPS
In October 1992, the RACT/BACT/
LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) Informa-
tion System (BLIS) moved from the
National Computer Center (NCC) IBM
computer to the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards Technology
Transfer Network (OAQPS TTN) bulle-
tin board system (BBS). Since the
move, the number of weekly accesses
to BLIS has increased by almost an
order of magnitude. However, the envi-
ronment and the number of accesses
were not the only things that changed.
Numerous new data elements were
added to the BLIS system and users
were given the power to use these new
data elements to better specify their
exact data requirements when search-
ing the database. This created a prob-
lem: even though space was created in
the database for the new data, all of the
new data fields were empty. Thus,
having the ability to search on them
doesn't do anyone any good!
To alleviate this problem, the Clear-
inghouse is sending to each Local/
State/Regional air pollution control
agency a printout of all of the data that
each agency currently has in the Cur-
rent BLIS Database (i.e., data submit-
ted and entered since June 1988) and
requesting that the agency review the
data and add any missing data. Most
importantly, we are asking that all of the
searchable data fields be filled in (where
applicable). The data fields of highest
importance are:
- AIRS ID number
- EPA ID number
- Source Classification Code
(SCC)
- Source Industrial Classification
(SIC) code
- Agency permit number
- The basis for the limit
(i.e., BACT-PSD, BACT-Other,
LAER, RACT, etc.)
It is imperative that the searchable
fields be filled in correctly and complete-
ly. A complete list of all of the search-
able items may be found in the BLIS
User's Manual or on the BLIS BBS. In
the future, no new data entries to BLIS
will be promoted to the permanent BLIS
database unless all of the applicable
searchable data fields are completely
filled out.
Now, the submitting agency has two
choices—they may mark up the copy
sent to them and return it, or they may
directly access the current BLIS data-
base by signing onto the OAQPS TTN
BLIS BBS and entering the changes
directly into the database. Each pollu-
tion control agency in the U.S. should
have received a yellow registration card
in the mail early in October requesting
the name of the authorized user at that
agency. This user(s) will have the au-
thority to edit his or her agency's entries
in BLIS. (See the related article in the
edition of the CTC NEWS which dis-
cusses the capabilities of the BLIS Edit
system.) If you are unsure who the
authorized person at your agency is, or
would like to become the authorized
user at your agency, please contact me
at (919) 541 -2736 for more information.
CTC ACTIVITY HITS NEW HIGH
By Bob Blaszczak, CTC Co-Chair
The stats are in for the fiscal year
ending September 30,1992. Access to
CTC services increased 80% over
FY91. You, our clients, connected with
the CTC over 15,000 times last year.
The biggest increase (413%) was in
access to the CTC electronic bulletin
board. See the summary table for
more details. We expect continued
growth in FY93. Use of the RACT/
BACT LAER Clearinghouse Informa-
tion System (BLIS) has increased dra-
matically since it moved to the OAQPS
Technology Transfer Network bulletin
board last September. In the first quar-
ter of FY93 alone, BLIS had 50% more
users than all of FY92I As the focus
point for the Federal Small Business
Assistance Program, we also expect
increased CTC HOTLINE and project
activity as this program is implement-
ed. In addition, interest in global warm-
ing will stimulate CTC HOTLINE activity
and document requests as the CTC
provides access to the Global Green-
house Gasses Technology Transfer
Center and its' products at the Air and
Energy Engineering Research Labora-
tory.
Thank you for using the CTC.
SUMMARY OF FY92 ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
Hotline Calls, Government
Hotline Calls, Non-Government
Total Hotline Calls
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
CTC Bulletin Board System
CTC Documents mailed
TOTAL CTC ACCESSES*
This total includes HOTLINE calls,
FY91
1,296
772
2,068
1,400
866
4,000
8,334
RBLC, CTC
FY92
1,309
1,441
2,750
1,917
4,440
5,899
15,006
BBS, and
CHANGE
+ 1%
+ 87%
+ 33%
- + 37%
+ 413%
+ 47%
+ 80%
documents.
CTC News page 2
-------
TECH NOTEBOOK
HAP-PRO TIPS
By Lyndon Cox
Senior Environmental Employee
The purpose of the Hazardous Air
Pollutant Program (HAP-PRO) is to as-
sist permit engineers in reviewing appli-
cations for control of air toxics. The
CTC HOTLINE has received some in-
teresting comments on HAP-PRO, and
we feel that our readers may be inter-
ested in them.
A major error of numerous users of
HAP-PRO involves the selection of in-
put parameters and the use of default
values. If the initial answer given by
HAP-PRO seems to be unreasonable,
it may indicatethatthe input parameters
are defining a design point away from
the optimum. The most common cause
is the use of default values.
For example, one caller on the CTC
HOTLINE defined an emission stream
of 5,000 cfm containing 3,000 ppm of
toluene, and selected a carbon adsorb-
er (CA) as the control device. He then
ran the calculations using the default
values forthe CAinput parameters. The
shocking result was the need for a 982
HP fan motor, with a huge electric bill!
When he called us, we examined the
calculation and then looked forthe sen-
sitive parameters.
A staff expert pointed out that the
default time for drying and cooling was
much shorterthan optimum for this con-
trol device. Increasing the number of
containers of carbon and lengthening
the drying and cooling time, reduced the
fan motor requirement to 16 HP. This
was much more affordable.
Optimization around a suitable de-
sign point can minimize cost, but if the
default values define a design point too
far away from the optimum, the answer
will "blow up" and not be reasonable.
Another area of concern is entering
data. When entering data into a HAP-
PRO record, note that the number of
emission streams is defined in the FA-
CILITY area. Defining the type of emis-
sion stream will also define the types of
control devices which can be chosen.
The User's Manual gives directions
forthe change of emission stream type,
but fails to tell how to change the control
device. However, to change the type of
control device for an emission stream,
you must first change the type of emis-
sion stream.
To compare different types of control
devices on the same emission stream,
you must define each alternative as a
separate emission stream.
HAP-PRO is a very useful tool. How-
ever, like all tools, a good product de-
pends upon knowing how to use it.
CONTROL COST
(continued from page 1)
Copies of this new supplement will
automatically be sent to all those who
have ordered the cost manual or the
first supplement to the manual through
the CTC. Other government agency
personnel can request a free copy by
filling out the enclosed CTC document
ordering form and checking reference
number 90. Optionally, orders will be
accepted on the CTC HOTLINE. Pri-
vate sector requesters are asked to
order copies directly from NTIS. Finally,
please direct any questions about the
Manual to William M. Vatavuk at (919)-
541-5309 (fax: 919/541-4028).
THE BUS EDIT OPTION
By Jo Ann Kerrick
VfGYAN
One of the significant enhancements
that was added when BLIS moved to
the TIN BBS is the Edit function. Edit
allows designated users to input and
update their agency's RACT/BACT/
LAER determinations directly, rather
than mailing input forms to EPA Head-
quarters for subsequent entry or correc-
tion. This new capability gives BLIS
users timely access to the latest deter-
mination information. To use the Edit
function, users will need to contact the
BLIS System Operator at (919)541-
2736 to establish a BLIS edit password
and update authority. These security
featuresensurethatonlythosepersons
responsible for determinations can add
or change them.
To access the Edit function, choose
option from the BLIS Data Base
menu. You will be prompted to enter
your password, which BLIS uses to
establish access to the determinations
which you may edit. Select the BUS
database/and then from the Record
Selection menu you may add a new
determination, edit an existing one or
view the list of BLIS IDs available to be
edited. Any additions or changes you
make with Edit are stored in a transient
database. Periodically, the BLIS Sys-
tem Operator will review the entries in
this transient database. Determina-
tions that are accurate and complete
will then be promoted to the permanent
BLIS database. This procedure is de-
signed to insure the integrity of the BUS
database.
To edit an existing determination, you
may either choose option and enter
the BLIS ID or select option to
choose a BLIS ID from the list of all the
determinations for which you have up-
date authority. Both facility or process/
pollutant level data may be viewed and
edited. When you edit facility level data,
the system displays the facility informa-
tion on the top of the screen and the
editing options at the bottom (see fig-
ure). Choose option to update the
facility information. The editable fields
will be highlighted for you to make
changes as required. Option des-
ignates the determination as complete
orincomplete. Use this to alert the BLIS
System Operator when the updated
(continued page 4)
CTC News page 3
-------
BUS EDIT
(continued from page 3)
record is ready for inclusion in the per-
manent BLIS database. Use option
if you want to abandon your chang-
es to a determination. If you have any
questions about what to enter, press
for context-sensitive help. Pro-
cess and pollutant level data are edited
in much the same way. Make your
selection from the options displayed at
the bottom of the screen. To add new
determinations, choose at the
Record Selection menu. BLIS will auto-
matically assign a unique BLIS ID to the
new determination and lead you through
the data entry screens. BLIS is de-
signed to be used as a tracking tool
while a determination or permit is being
developed, so you will be able to add a
determination even if all the information
is not complete. You must, however,
enter the facility name and at least one
process and one pollutant. Because
processes cannot be added to an exist-
ing determination, do not add a new
determination until you are certain that
all processes have been identified.
The Edit function works with the same
BLIS EDIT
FACILITY DATA
DATE: 01/20/93
COMPLETE
LA PLATA "B" STATION
STATE: CO
CO-0021 NORTHWEST PIPELINE CORPORATION
ADDRESS: CITY:
COUNTY: ZIP:
REG: 8 NEW/MOD: M
ENTERED: 10/15/92 LAST UPDATE: 10/16/92
AGENCY CODE: C0001 AGENCY NAME: COLORADO DEPT OF HEALTH-AIR POLL CTRL
CONTACT: DENNIS M.MYERS
(303)331-8542
91LP792(1-2)MOD.#1
PHONE:
PERMIT NUMBER:
REGION FILE NO:
PUBLIC HEARING:
N
SIC:
EPA ID:
AIRS ID:
1300181
APPLICATION RCVD:
CONTROL TECH DETERM:
AIR QUAL ANALYSIS:
OTH IMPACT ANALYSIS:
DRAFT PERMIT ISSUED:
Estimated Actual
COMPL VALIDATION:
PUBLIC NOTICE:
START CONSTRUCTION:
START-UP:
FINAL PERMIT ISSUED:
Estimated Actual
II
10/01/92
05/29/92
Enter dit Facility elete Fadlity lnompIete
Option Exit to EDIT enu
Eit to Process List Edit otes
HELP
to Page Up
to Page Down
levels of data that are found in the View
options of the Query function: facility,
process and pollutant. This commonal-
ity is designed to make the new function
easy to learn and use. Try it out the next
time you have a new or updated deter-
mination. On-line data entry will give all
of us access to the most up-to-date
RACT/BACT/LAER information. If you
have any questions or problems while
using Edit or any other function in BLIS,
call the System Operator at (919) 541 -
2736 for assistance.
Control Technology £*nt»r NEWS
The CTC NEWS is a quarterly publication of the U.S.
EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC). The CTC is
an Informal, easy-to-use, no cost, technical assistance
service for all State and local (S/1) air pollution control
agency and EPA Regional Office staffs. For cithers,
some services may be on a cost reimbursable basis.
The CTC offers quick access to EPA experts and
expertise via the CTC HOTLINE and the CTC Bulletin
Board, and in-depth technical support through source
specific Engineering Assistance Projects or more ge-
neric Technical Guidance Projects. The CTC is
operated by the Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, and
the Emission Standards Division, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards in Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina.
If you have any air pollution emission or control ques-
tions, orwould like more information about the CTC and
the types of technical assistance available, CALL THE
CTC HOTLINEI
(019) 541-0800
Publication of the CTC NEWS does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of
the U.S. EPA, nor does the mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or rec-
. ommendation for use. /
IAPCS COST MODEL
AVAILABLE SOON ON
CTC BULLETIN BOARD
By Norman Kaplan, AEERL
In the near future, EPA's Integrated Air
Pollution Control System (IAPCS) cost
model program will be available through
the OAQPS Technology Transfer Net-
work (TTN) on the CTC bulletin board.
This user friendly computer model, de-
veloped by the Air and Energy Engi-
neering Research Laboratory over the
past decade, can be used to estimate
the cost of 15 pollution control technolo-
gies (and combinations of these) for
SO2, NOX, and paniculate matter pollu-
tion control systems for coal-fired power
plants ranging in size from 100 to 1300
M We. It operates on an IBM or compat-
ible PC and requires 640K of RAM and
1.5 Mb of disk storage.
Potential users of the model (includ-
ing federal, state, and local pollution
control regulators, architectural/engi-
neering firms, utility companies, and
public utility commissions) may use it to
generate preliminary pollution control
designs, control system cost estimates,
system cost comparisons, and sensitiv-
ity studies. Inputs to the model consist
of coal-fired boiler characteristics, coal
analysis, desired control technologies,
pollution control design criteria, and
economic assumptions. The model
contains default values for all but a few
inputs so that the model will function
reasonably without user input on all of
the possible variables. Outputs from
the model include pollution control de-
sign performance, material and energy
balances, emission summary, capital
cost, annual cost, and cost per unit of
pollutant removed (e.g., $/ton S02).
Cost outputs can be obtained in any
year constant or current dollars, by us-
ing chemical engineering cost indexes
or inflation rates input by the user.
Version 4.0 of the model (PB91
506469), consisting of a user's manual,
a technical documentation manual, and
a diskette containing the executable
files, is currently available through NTIS
(Telephone: 703-487-4650). When in-
stalled on the TTN, the model and some
of the documentation will be more readi-
ly available.
Norman Kaplan, Project Officer Tel:
(919) 541-2556
CTC News page 4
-------
CTC RESOURCE REQUEST FORM
The CTC provides reports and software resulting from its efforts to government personnel free of charge. (Others may
order them from the National Technical Information Service using the "PB" numbers shown here.) A list of CTC resources
published in the past 18 months is provided on the backside of this page. The CTC is happy to provide its resources to
government personnel. However, because of the large response we anticipate to this list, we ask that you limit your request
to one copy of each of the resources for which you have an immediate need.
To order CTC resources, cut out this page; mark the resources you need on the list; enter your mailing address; fold and
staple or tape closed this page so that the CTC address shows; apply first class postage and mail.
NAME : PHONE
AFFILIATION
MAILING ADDRESS
ZIP CODE
FOLD HERE
CTC(MD-61)
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27711
CTC News page 5
-------
CTC RESOURCES
REFNO. AIR TOXICS
5s ( ) "HAP-PRO," EPA-600/8-91-211a, EPA-600/8-91-211b (software); PB92-501212 (manual and software), PB92-
135904 (manual only)
9 ( ) "Handbook: Control Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants" (HAP Manual), EPA-625/6-91-014, PB92-135904
(manual)
52 ( ) "Determination of Perchloroethylene Content of Waste Materials from Filters and Still Bottoms—Conditional Test
Method" (also on EMTIC BBS)
53 ( ) "Evaluation of VOC Emissions from Heated Roofing Asphalt," EPA-600/2-91-061, PB92-115286
57 ( ) "Carbon Disulfide Emission Control Options," EPA-450/3-91-023, PB93-124667
60 ( ) "Controlling Odorous Emissions from Iron Foundries," EPA-600/R-92-058, PB92-166925
67 ( ) "Air Emissions from the Treatment of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Fuels" EPA-600/R-92-124, PB92-212976
COMBUSTION
58 (.)' "Burning Tires for Fuel and Tire Pyrolysis: Air Implications," EPA-450/3-91 -024, PB92-145358
76 ( ) "Mutagenicity of Emissions from the Simulated Open Burning of Scrap Rubber Tires," EPA-600/R-92-127,
PB92-217009
78 ( ) "Evaluation and Costing of NOX Controls for Existing Utility Boilers in the NESCAUM Region," EPA-453/R-92-010
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER
80 ( ) "Development of an Empirical Model of Methane Emissions From Landfills," EPA-600/R-92-037
81 ( ) "Approach for Estimating Global Landfill Methane Emissions," EPA-600/7-91 -002
82 ( ) "Landfill Gas Energy Utilization: Technology Options and Case Studies," EPA-600/R-92-116
83 ( ) "Analysis of Factors Affecting Methane Gas Recovery From Six Landfills," EPA-600/2-91-055
84 { ) "List of Papers and Reports for EPA's Research Program on Air Emissions from Landfills and Other Waste
Management Processes"
85 ( ) "A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Global Methane Emissions from Landfills"
86 ( ) "Landfill Gas Recovery/Utilization - Options and Economics"
87 ( ) "Landfill Gas Utilization - Options, Benefits, and Barriers"
88 ( ) "Emissions and Mitigation at Landfills and Other Waste Management Facilities"
RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE
54 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of Control Technology Determinations, First Supplement to
1990 Edition," EPA-450/3-91-015, PB91-231548
79 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER: A Compilation of Control Technology Determinations, Second Supplement to 1990 Edition,"
EPA453/R-92-002, PB92-235647
89 ( ) "RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Information System (BUS) User's Manual, EPA-453/R-92-012, PB93-122422
VOC - SOURCE CATEGORIES
61 ( ) "Assessment of VOC Emissions and Their Control from Bakers Yeast Manufacturing Facilities, EPA-450/3-91 -027,
PB92-145408
65 ( ) 'The Measurement Solution: Using a Temporary Total Enclosure for Capture Efficiency Testing,"
EPA-450/4-91 -020a, PB92-190271
68 ( ) "Identification and Characterization of Missing or Unaccounted for Area Source Categories," EPA-600-R-92-006,
PB92-139377
70 ( ) "Control of VOC Emissions from Ink and Paint Manufacturing Processes," EPA-450/3-92-013, PB92-190230
77 ( ) "Control of VOC Emissions from Nonferrous Metal Rolling Processes," EPA-453/R-92-001, PB92-227677
75 ( ) "Alternate VOC Control Technique Options for Small Rotogravure and Flexography Facilities" EPA-600/R-92-201
MISCELLANEOUS
69 ( ) "Managing Chemicals Safely, Putting It All Together," EPA-510-K-92-001
71 ( ) 'The Clean Air Act of 1990: AGuide for Small Businesses," EPA 450/K-92-001
74 () "Electrostatic Preciprtator V-l and Performance Model: User's Manual," EPA-600/R-92-104a, PB92-169614
90 () "OAQPS Cost Control Manual—Supplement 2
48 ( ) "Complete list of CTC resources
( ) "Check here If you would like to be added to the CTC News mailing list. (If your name appears on the attached
mailing label, you are already on the mailing list. You may also use this form to notify us of an address change.)
CTC News page 6
-------
JAMES D. KILGROE
CTC INCINERATOR
EXPERT
By Lisa Florer,
Acurex Environmental
More than just an expert on incinera-
tion, James D. Kilgroe's knowledge
ranges from aerospace engineering to
the martial art of Tae Kwon Do. Since
1971, Jim has enhanced EPA's research
in developing and demonstrating tech-
nologies for controlling air pollution from
municipal waste combustors (MWCs)
and other stationary sources. He is one
of the many individuals in the Air and
Energy Engineering Research Labora-
tory (AEERL) who embodies EPA's insti-
tutional memory.
After earning his bachelor's of sci-
ence in mechanical engineering from
the University of Missouri at Columbia,
Jim worked in the aerospace industry
with General Dynamics, United Tech-
nology Corporation (UTC), and Tech-
nology Incorporated. While with Gener-
al Dynamics, he worked at Vandenberg
Air Force Base (the Pacific missile test
range) where he was responsible for
evaluating ground and flight tests of the
Atlas intercontinental missile and space
launch systems. At UTC, he was initial-
ly involved in advanced rocket design
and mission analysis and later, com-
bustion research. He completed his
master's degree in mechanical engi-
neering at the University of Santa Clara
while working full time at UTC. In 1967,
he joined Technologies, Inc. and direct-
ed research on a NASA contract in the
Stanford University Hypersonic Wind
Tunnel. At the same time, Jim began
research at the University of Santa Clara
on the use of methanol as an alternative
fuel, the first work in the United States
on the use of methanol for reducing air
pollution from motor vehicles.
Having turned his work in a new direc-
tion, Jim joined EPA in 1971. His initial
assignments at the Control Systems
Laboratory (a predecessor of AEERL)
were related to developing technology
for controlling paniculate emissions
from stationary sources and municipal
solid waste (MSW) combustion. He
was the Project Officer on the St. Louis
Project, which successfully demonstrat-
ed the production and subsequent burn-
ing of refused derived fuel (RDF> in
utility boilers. During the same period,
he directed tests on a municipal waste
incinerator in Newton, Massachusetts to
reduce emissions by improving combus-
tion conditions.
In the mid-1970s, his work shifted
again as he became manager of EPA's
coal cleaning program. He managed the
coal cleaning program and projects on
the assessment of coal resources until
the early 1980s. In this capacity, he
directed cooperative research with the
Department of Interior, Department of
Energy, the Tennessee Valley Authority,
the U.S. Geological Survey, and various
contractor organizations. In the early
1980s, he also worked on dry scrubber
and limestone injection multistage burn-
er (LIMB) technology development
projects.
In 1985, his experience in incinera-
tion and pollution control '^technologies
resulted in his involvement in a working
group assembled to assess the risks
and status of municipal waste incinera-
tion. This group directed the prepara-
tion of a seven-volume report to Con-
gress in 1987. Jim was a major contrib-
utor in this effort. In July of 1987, the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Stan-
dards (OAQPS) decided to set new air
emissions regulations for MWCs. Jim
was recruited as a member of the work-
ing group responsible for managing a
supporting program at AEERL. This
program involved field tests at seven
sites, the development of the technical
basis for good combustion practices,
and in-house laboratory research on
combustion and flue gas cleaning tech-
nology.
His most recent work involved field
test projects at two MWCs to evaluate a
special method to control mercury emis-
sions by injecting activated carbon into
the flue gas ahead of dry scrubbers.
Along with coordinating in-house re-
search activities, Jim is currently con-
ference chairman for the Third Interna-
tional Municipal Waste Combustion
Conference to be held in Williamsburg,
Virginia, March 30-April 2,1993. He is
responsible for developing the technical
program and is heavily involved with
planning various aspects of the confer-
ence.
Since its inception, the CTC has used
Jim's expertise. Jim has watched as
CTC calls increase and decrease with
the rise and fall of public concern. In
reviewing his career, he recalls that a
"hot" topic of concern when he first
joined EPA was control of "smoke" from
incineration. Most of these incinerators
were subsequently shut down because
they were poorly designed and operat-
ed. The 1970s concerns related to
energy consumption and the "over-de-
pendence" on foreign oil. As a conse-
quence, people began to look for new
ways to use waste, including energy
and material recovery. In the 1980s,
CTC callers focused on harmful toxic or
hazardous emissions from MWCs and
other emission sources. Jim views the
CTC as a very effective means of as-
sisting people dealing with the technical
and economic problems associated with
air pollution control.
Jim has documented his work in more
than 50 publications and has traveled all
over the world—the U nited States, Can-
ada, Germany, Japan, Russia, Ukraine,
Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden,
and Scotland—to conduct tests, visit
plants, discuss technology develop-
ments, present papers, and attend con-
ferences. His hobbies include tennis,
reading, and staying in shape; he re-
cently earned a first degree black belt in
Tae Kwon Do.
CTC News page 7
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