New York
Bight
Water Quality
Summer of
1977
as EPA
REGION
NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY
PUERTO RICO/VIRGIN ISLANDS
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCf
DATE March 16, 1979
SUBJECT Report on the New York Bight Water Quality — Summer of 1977
FROM Barbara Metzger, Director
Surveillance & Analysis Division
TO Dorothy Szefczyk
EPA Library
The attached report has been prepared by the S&A Division as part
of the Region's ocean monitoring efforts in the New York Bight.
The report encompasses the period between May 1 and September 30,
1977.
If you have any questions concerning the content of the report,
contact either Rick Spear or Rollie Hemmett at FTS 340-6685 or
6687.
Attachment: a/s
EPA Form 1320-6 (Rev. 3-76)
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this report is to disseminate technical informa-
tion gathered by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region
II, during the 1977 New York Bight Water Quality Monitoring Program.
The monitoring program was conducted using an EPA helicopter for
water quality sample collection. During the summer period of May 15
to September 30, 1977, 195 stations were sampled each week. The
Bight sampling program was conducted 6 days a week and consisted of
four separate sampling networks. The beach station network gathered
bacteriological water quality.information at 26 Long Island coast
stations and 19 New Jersey coast stations. The New York Bight sta-
tion network gathered chemical and bacteriological information at
20 stations in the inner New York Bight. The perpendicular network
consisted of ten transects with four stations on each transect.
Five transects extended south from the Long Island coast and five
transects extended east from the New Jersey coast. The transects
covered the inner Bight from Jones Beach on Long Island to Strathmere
along the New Jersey Coast. Samples were collected for dissolved
oxygen and other chemical parameter analysis. The last network con-
sisted of a series of stations located off Atlantic City, New Jersey.
These samples were also collected for dissolved oxygen and other
chemical parameter analysis.
All water quality samples were collected using a Kemmerer
sampler. The results indicated that, while there were some minor
water quality problems, the water quality of the New York Bight Apex
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was generally excellent. Dissolved oxygen levels were good along
the Long Island coast and did not drop to "stressful" levels for
significant lengths to time in the Bight. Dissolved oxygen de-
pression was more pronounced off the New Jersey coast than off the
Long Island coast. Bacteriological data indicated total and fecal
coliform densities at the beaches along both the New Jersey and
Long Island coasts were well below acceptable limits for water
contact recreation. The nutrient data indicated that a substantial
quantity of the nutrient material leaving the lower bay area moves
south along the New Jersey coast, indicating a possible nutrient
source for recurrent algae blooms off the New Jersey coast.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. MONITORING PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 5
III. SAMPLING STATION DESCRIPTION 5
Beach Stations 5
Mew York Bight Stations 11
Perpendicular Stations 11
Additional Stations 14
Sample Collection Program 14
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 21
Normal Trends in the Ocean 21
Dissolved Oxygen Criteria 23
Surface Dissolved Oxygen 50
Bottom Dissolved Oxygen 50
Summary 53
V. BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS 54
VI. NUTRIENTS AND TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON 63
Phosphorus 64
Total Inorganic Nitrogen 68
Silica 68
Total Organic Carbon 73
Discussion 76
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EPISODES 78
Red Tide, 1977 78
Floatables 85
Scum Lines 90
New York City Power Failure 90
Virus Survey 92
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Appendix A - Dissolved Oxygen Values Recorded in the New York
Bight, May 1 - September 30, 1977
Appendix B - Dissolved Oxygen Data Collected by the New York
City Department of Environmental Protection—
Summer 1977
Appendix C - Bacteriologic Water Quality Data, New Jersey and
Long Island Beach Stations—Summer 1977
Appendix D - Uater Quality Data New York Bight Apex—Summer 1977
Appendix E - Phytoplankton Blooms in New Jersey Coastal Waters—
Summer 1977
Appendix F - Viral and Bacterial Studies in the New York Bight—
Summer 1977
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LIST OF FIGURES
No. Title Page
1 Long Island Coast Station Locations 9
2 New Jersey Coast Station Locations 12
3 The New York Bight And The Perpendicular Station Locations 13
4 First Set of Atlantic City Area Station Locations 15
5 Second Set of Atlantic City Area Station Locations 16
6 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) Long Island Coast Perpen-
dicular from LIC02 24
7 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) Long Island Coast Perpen-
dicular from LIC07 25
8 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) Long Island Coast Perpen-
dicular from LIC09 26
9 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) Long Island Coast Perpen-
dicular from LIC14 27
10 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New Jersey Coast Perpen-
dicular from JC05 28
11 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New Jersey Coast Perpen-
dicular from JC14 29
12 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New Jersey Coast Perpen-
dicular from JC27 30
13 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New Jersey Coast Perpen-
dicular from JC41 31
14 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New Jersey Coast Perpen-
dicular from JC47 32
15 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New York Bight New Jersey
Transect 33
16 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New York Bight Raritan Bay
Transect 34
17 Dissolved Oxygen (Bottom Values) New York Bight Long Island
Transect 35
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No. Title Page
18 Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Levels vs. Date and Station Long
Island Perpendiculars (Except NYB40-46) 36
19 Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Levels vs. Date and Station New
Jersey Perpendiculars (Except NYB20-26) 37
20 Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Levels vs. Date and Station New
York Bight (Including NYB20-26 and NYB40-46, Perpendiculars,
and LIC02A) 38
21 Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen Levels for the Summer:
New York Bight and the Perpendiculars 39
22 Dissolved Oxygen Levels Atlantic City Area - July 27,
1977 (Bottom Values) 40
23 Dissolved Oxygen Levels Atlantic City Area - August 1,
1977 (Bottom Values) 41
24 Dissolved Oxygen Levels Atlantic City Area - August 2,
1977 (Bottom Values) 42
25 Dissolved Oxygen Levels Atlantic City Area - August 5,
1977 (Bottom Values) 43
26 Dissolved Oxygen Levels Atlantic City Area - August 12,
1977 (Bottom Values) 44
27 Semi-Monthly Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen Levels Long
Island Coast Perpendiculars 45
28 Semi-Monthly Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen Levels New
Jersey Coast Perpendiculars 46
29 Semi-Monthly Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen Levels New
York Bight 47
30 Semi-Monthly Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen Levels
Atlantic City-Seaside Heights-Barnegat Area 48
31 Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen Levels for the Long Island
Coast Perpendiculars (LIC-P), New Jersey Perpendiculars
(NJ-P), and the New York Bight (NYB) Summer of 1977 49
32 Geometric Means of Fecal Coliform Data Collected May 1 -
September 30, 1977 along the Coast of New Jersey 55
33 Geometric Means of Fecal Coliform Data Collected May 1 -
September 30, 1977 along the Coast of Long Island 60
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No. Title Page
34 Total Phosphorus New Jersey Transect Stations Shallow Depth 66
35 Total Phosphorus Raritan Bay Transect Stations Shallow
Depth 67
36 Total Inorganic Nitrogen New Jersey Transect Stations
Shallow Depth 70
37 Total Inorganic Nitrogen Raritan Bay Transect Stations
Shallow Depth 71
38 Total Reactive Silica as SiO- New Jersey Transect Stations
Shallow Depth 74
39 Total Reactive Silica as SiO Raritan Bay Transect Stations
Shallow Depth 2 75
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LIST OF TABLES
No. Title Page
1 Outline of 1977 Sampling Program 6
2 Parameters Evaluated for Each Station Group 7
3 Long Island Coast Station Locations 8
4 New Jersey Coast Station Locations 10
5 Jersey Coast Stations—Fecal Coliform Geometric Means for
the Months of May, June, July, August, September, and October 56
6 Rainfall in New Brunswick, New Jersey For the Months of June,
July, August, and September 1977 58
7 Long Island Coast Stations - Fecal Coliform Geometric Means
for the Months of May, June, July, August, September, and
October 61
8 Total Phosphorus In mg/1 For The New York Bight Transects
Stations 65
9 Total Inorganic Nitrogen In mg/1 For The New York Bight Tran-
sects Stations 69'
10 Total Reactive Silica As Si02 In mg/1 For The New York Bight
Transects Stations 72
11 Total Organic Carbon In mg/1 For The New York Bight Transects
Stations 77
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PHOTOGRAPHS
No. Page
1 EPA helicopter taking off for sampling run. 17
2 EPA helicopter - The sampling port in the bottom of the
helicopter is readily visible, and a Kemmerer sampler can
be seen hanging from the sampling port. 17
3 Two EPA technicians putting on Mae West life jackets before
entering helicopter. 18
4 EPA helicopter leaving for sampling run. 18
5 EPA helicopter at helipad. 19
6 Dredging operation off of Rockaway Beach, Long Island. The
dredge can be seen approximately 1.6 km out in the ocean, and
the pipe in the front right-hand corner is discharging
sediment-laden water on the beach. 62
7 Scum on Rockaway Beach, Long Island. The action of the surf
on the sediment-laden water from the offshore dredging created
the scum which was present throughout the summer on the beach. 62
3 Red tide (left) and algae-free water (right) interface off
Manasquan Inlet. 80
9 Red tide in Raritan Bay. 80
10 Red tide in Raritan Bay as seen in a boat wake. 82
11 Red tide off Long Branch, New Jersey. 82
12 Red tide in the surf zone at Sandy Hook, New Jersey. 84
13 Scum layer and red tide off Long Branch, New Jersey. 84
14 Tampon Inserter and other debris on the beach at Fort Tilden,
Long Island. 86
15 Debris on the beach at Fort Tilden, Long Island. 86
16 Debris on the beach at Long Beach, Long Island. 88
17 Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island - Barges used for carrying
garbage. Note garbage in water. 88
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No.
18 Garbage in water by Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island, New
York. 89
19 Garbage in water, Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island, New
York. 89
20 Scum layer in the surf zone at the Hamptons, Long Island . 91
21 Scum layer in the surf zone at the Hamptons, Long Island . 91
22 Rockaway Sewage Treatment Plant, Rockaway, Long Island.
Note the aerators are not operating in the activated sludge
tanks due to the power failure. 94
23 Raw sewage from the Jamaica Sewage Treatment Plant bypass,
flowing toward the ocean. 94
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I. INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has prepared this
report as part of its continued efforts to monitor, evaluate, and
disseminate environmental data concerning the ambient conditions of
the oceanic waters in the New York Bight in the vicinity of the
ocean disposal sites and along the shorelines of New York and
New Jersey. This report encompasses the data gathered during the
summer period between May 1 and September 30, 1977. This is the
fifth in a series of publications concerning the New York Bight
resulting from EPA's action in response to its mandated responsi-
bilities as defined under the Marine Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972 and the Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 and 1977. Previous reports are cited in the
Bibliography (1-4) and are available upon request.
The New York Bight oceanic monitoring program was initiated in
April 1974 when public concern over the bacteriological quality of
the New York and New Jersey beaches demonstrated a need for more
comprehensive monitoring in this area and the need of the Agency
for "real-time" data to evaluate water quality conditions on a con-
tinuous basis. Other governmental agencies gathered data which
were and are duplicated to some degree by EPA's monitoring program.
These other data were not always comparable and accessible in the
time frame necessary for EPA's program.
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A brief outline of the scope and purpose of the 1974 program
follows:
1) to determine to what extent, if any, the practice of
ocean disposal of sewage sludge at the 20-km site
and dredge spoils at the 10-km site was impacting
the ambient water quality of the bathing beaches
along the Long Island and New Jersey coasts;
2) to assess any probable or potential imminent
threat(s) to the health and welfare of the public in
the inner New York Bight, incident to correct ocean
disposal practices;
3) to delineate the extent, if any, of the spread of
sewage sludge shoreward from the sewage sludge dis-
posal site;
4) to aid the Agency in its decision making process
regarding the need for the use of alternate disposal
sites or the implementation of alternate land based
disposal methods.
Further details of the program are given in EPA report
entitled, "Ocean Disposal in the New York Bight: Technical Brief-
ing Report No. 2".
The surveillance and monitoring program continued through the
summer of 1975 using the 1974 sampling frequencies and monitoring
stations. However, during the summer period of 1976 several
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environmental episodes led to the reorientation and expansion of
this program.
The first event and most environmentally significant was the
development of depressed values of dissolved oxygen within the
inner Bight which gradually spread over several hundred square
kilometers and reached anoxic conditions in some areas as early as
the Fourth of July weekend. Dissolved oxygen values continued to
decline and resulted in massive fish and other marine life morbid-
ity and deaths. The magnitude and severity of the event pointed
out the need for a greatly expanded monitoring program encompas-
sing wider areal coverage as well as the inclusion of dissolved
oxygen measurements in the routine sampling program.
The second event was the unusual washup of debris onto the
beaches of Long Island. The debris included, in addition to
normal seaweed and other detritus, numerous artifacts of life
such as condom rings, tampon inserters, orange peels, and milk
cartons.
It was evident from the experiences of 1976 that the existing
monitoring program as well as the mode of operation; automobiles
for beach sampling, the EPA vessel Clean Waters for open ocean
sampling, and the occasional use of rental helicopters for aerial '
surveillance, was inadequate and not responsive enough timewise.
There was a need for expansion of the program to include the
ability to:
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1) quickly and comprehensively collect and assimilate
data on the water quality of the New York Bight as
well as the New York and New Jersey beaches;
2) respond in a responsible fashion to environmental
crises;
3) gather sufficient data to guide and direct the
decision making process, should corrective measures
be necessary to protect the Bight water quality;
and,
4) investigate the origin or source of such crises
where possible.
Past experience with local rental helicopter service during
routine surveillance and emergencies, such as oil spills, chemical
fires, beach washups, or other environmental episodes indicated
the potential for use of this mode of operation to satisfy the ex-
panded needs of this program.
In December of 1976, with the cooperation and aid of EPA's
Environmental Monitoring Laboratory located in Las Vegas, Nevada,
the Region obtained one of the Agency's specially modified support
helicopters (Huey) which was used successfully in the national
Lake Eutrophication Program for a trial use for operations in the
New York Bight area. The pilot program proved so successful that
arrangements were made for transfer of the aircraft to the regional
office at Edison to be utilized routinely for operations of the
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ocean monitoring program.
II. MONITORING PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
The experiences of the summer of 1976 indicated the need for
an expanded ocean monitoring program as well as a rapid response
capability. In addition to extending the beach monitoring south-
ward along the New Jersey coast to Island Beach State Park and
eastward along Long Island to Shinnecock Inlet, three dissolved
oxygen monitoring configurations were added to the program (Table
1). Previously the dissolved oxygen values recorded by EPA were
on an "as needed" basis and were collected using the vessel Clean
Waters. A listing of the expanded coverage for the program is
given in Table 2.
III. SAMPLING STATION DESCRIPTION
Beach Stations
A total of 45 bathing beach areas were sampled routinely for
bacteriological water quality along the Long Island and New Jersey
coastlines. The Long Island sampling stations extend from the
western tip of Rockaway peninsula to Shinnecock Inlet some 130 km
eastward encompassing a total of 26 stations (LIC01-LIC28).
Sample station location, nomenclature, and description are given
in Table 3 and Figure 1. Nineteen New Jersey coast stations from
Sandy Hook at the north to mid-Island Beach State Park at the
south (JC01 through JC55), are described and identified in Table 4
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Table 1
Outline of 1977 Sampling Program
Station Group
Long Island Beaches &
New Jersey Beaches
Long Island Beaches &
New Jersey Beaches
New York Bight
Long Island and New
Jersey Perpendiculars
Atlantic City Area
Frequency
Parameter
3/week Bacteriological
3-4 stations/
season
I/week
Pathogen, Virus
Sample
Location
Top
Top
Bacteriological,
Dissolved Oxygen,
Nutrients Top, Bottom
I/week Dissolved Oxygen Top, Bottom
Occasional Dissolved Oxygen Top, Bottom
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Table 2
Parameters Evaluated for Each Station Group
Parameters
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Pathogen, Virus
Salinity, Chlorinity
Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
(DO)
Total Organic Carbon
(TOC)
Total Suspended
Solids (TSS)
Total Phosphorous
(TP)
Phosphate
Phosphorous (PO.-P)
Ammonia Nitrogen
(NH3-N)
Nitrite Nitrogen
(N02-N)
Nitrate Nitrogen
(N03-N)
Silica (SiO~)
L.I. & N.J.*
Beaches
X
X
X
L.I. & N.J.**
Perpendiculars
Atlantic
City'1'*
X
X
X
X
N.Y.
Bight**
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
* Sample Depth: 1 meter below surface.
** Sample Depths: 1 meter below surface and 1 meter above bottom.
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Table 3
Long Island Coast Station Locations
Station No.
LIC01
LIC02
LIC03
LIC04
LIC05
LIC07
LIC08
LIC09
LIC10
LIC12
LIC13
LIC14
LIC15
LIC16
LIC17
LIC13
LIC19
LIC20
LIC21
LIC22
LIC23
LIC24
LIC25
LIC26
LIC27
LIC28
Location
Rockaway Point, Breezy Point Surf Club
Rockaway, off foot of B169 Road
Rockaway, off foot of B129 Road
Rockaway, off foot of B92 Road
Far Rockaway, off foot of BA1 Road
Atlantic Beach, Silver Point Beach Club
Long Beach, off foot of Grand Avenue
Long Beach, off foot of Pacific Boulevard
Point Lookout, off Hempstead public beach
Short Beach (Jones Beach), off "West End 2"
parking lot
Jones Beach
East Overlook
Gilgo Beach
Cedar Island Beach
Robert Moses State Park
Great South Beach
Cherry Grove
Water Island
Bellport Beach
Fire Island
Moriches Inlet Uest
Moriches Inlet East
Uest Hampton Beach
Tiana Beach
Shinnecock Inlet West
Shinnecock Inlet East
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—LIC28
-LIC27
-LIC26
— LIC25
LONG ISLAND COAST
STATION LOCATIONS
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Table 4
New Jersey Coast Station Locations
Station No.
JC01A
JC02
JC03
JC05
JC08
JC11
JC14
JC21
JC24
JC27
JC30
JC33
JC37
JCA1
JC44
JC47A
JC49
JC53
JC55
Location
Sandy Hook, 1.2 km south of tip
Sandy Hook, off large radome
Sandy Hook, off Nature Center building
(tower)
Sandy Hook, just north of Park entrance
Sea Bright, at public beach
Monmouth Beach Bath & Tennis Club
Long Branch, off foot of S. Bath Avenue
Asbury Park, off building north of
Convention Hall
Bradley Beach, off foot of Cliff Avenue
Belraar, off the "White House" near fishing
club pier
Spring Lake, south of yellow brick building
on beach
Sea Girt, off foot of Chicago Avenue
Point Pleasant, south of Manasquan Inlet
Bay Head, off foot of Johnson Street
Mantoloking, off foot of Albertson Street
Silver Beach, off foot of Colony Road
Lavallette, off foot of Washington Avenue
Seaside Park, off foot of 5th Avenue
Island Beach State Park, off white building,
north of Park Hq.
10
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and Figure 2.
New York Bight Stations
The New York Bight stations established as part of the original
ocean monitoring program cover the inner Bight area in 3-km inter-
vals via three transects as follows: New Jersey Transect (NYB20-
NYB27) extending from Sandy Hook 20 km eastward to the sewage sludge
disposal site; Raritan Bay Transect (NYB32-NYB35) projecting along
the Ambrose Channel from the Lower Hudson Bay complex southeast to
the sewage sludge disposal site; and the Long Island Transect (NYB40-
NYB47) from Atlantic Beach, Long Island southward to just beyond
the sewage sludge disposal site.
Perpendicular Stations
Sampling stations were established perpendicular to the
Long Island and New Jersey coastlines at 4.8 km, 11.4 km, 17.7 km,
and 24.1 km offshore. These stations were established to gather
necessary near surface and near bottom dissolved oxygen values in
the critical areas of the inner New York Bight. Previous agree-
ments had been made with NOAA to provide dissolved oxygen profiles
from stations further out in the Bight in conjunction with their
MESA project and Marine Fisheries Laboratory's activities.
The perpendicular stations described above are plotted as
squares in Figure 3 and where they are common with the Bight
transect stations they are designated by circles. Tables 3 and 4
11
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LONG
BRANCH f * ';
ATLANTIC OCEAN
NEW JERSEY COAST
STATION LOCATIONS
BARNEGAT INLET
FIGURE 2
12
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O NEW YORK BIGHT
STATIONS
PERPENDICULAR
STATIONS
THE NEW YORK BIGHT AND
THE PERPENDICULAR
STATION LOCATIONS
FIGURE 3
13
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describe the shore station locations from which the perpendicular
stations originate.
Additional Stations
Several additional stations were established during the course
of the summer program in response to detected potential environ-
mental problem areas. These areas were in the Atlantic City, Seaside
Heights, and Barnegat areas, a short distance off the New Jersey
coast. The station locations are plotted in Figures 4 and 5. No
station code designations were established for these stations.
Sample Collection Program
During the period between May 1 and September 30, 1977 ambient
water monitoring was carried out using the EPA Huey helicopter
(Photographs 1-5) 6 days per week and on several occasions sampling
continued into Sunday when ambient conditions deemed this necessary.
The weekly sampling program averaged approximately 195 stations.
The beach stations along New York and New Jersey were sampled on
Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. These stations were sampled
for total and fecal coliform bacteria. This portion of the sam-
pling program totaled 45 stations.
Samples were collected just off shore in the surf zone while
the helicopter hovered approximately 3 meters from the surface.
This was accomplished by dropping a 1-liter Kemmerer sampler
(Photograph 2) from the mid-section of the helicopter approximately
14
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FIRST SET OF
ATLANTIC CITY AREA
STATION LOCATIONS
ATLANTIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC CITY
o
o
o o o o o
o
FIGURE 4
15
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SEASIDE HEIGHTS
SECOND SET OF
ATLANTIC CITY AREA
STATION LOCATIONS
o o o o
o o
o o
BARNEGAT
ATLANTIC OCEAN
O
ATLANTIC CITY
o
o o
FIGURE 5
16
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1
Photograph 1 - EPA helicopter taking off for sampling run.
Photograph 2 - EPA helicopter - The sampling port in the
bottom of the helicopter is readily visible, and a Kemmerer
sampler can be seen hanging from the sampling port.
17
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Photograph 3 - Two EPA technicians putting on Mae West life
jackets before entering helicopter.
Photograph 4 - EPA helicopter leaving for sampling run.
18
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Photograph 5 - EPA helicopter at helipad
19
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1 meter below the water surface. The sample would next be trans-
ferred to a sterile plastic container and subsequently (within
6 hours) transferred to the Edison Laboratory for bacteriological
analysis.
On Tuesdays, 20 stations in the apex of the Bight (Figure 3)
were sampled. Depending upon sea state, the EPA helicopter would
hover or land at the designated station and two, 3 liter Kemmerer
samplers would be used to obtain water samples at 1 meter below
the surface and 1 meter above the ocean bottom. After collection,
portions of the sample water would be transferred to: 1) a BOD
bottle for dissolved oxygen analysis; 2) a sterile plastic bottle
for total and fecal coliform analysis; 3) a 1 liter plastic cubi-
tainer for total suspended solids, total organic carbon, and
nutrient analysis; and 4) an insulated glass beaker for water
temperature analysis.
The dissolved oxygen sample was immediately fixed at the
station by the addition of 2 ml of manganous sulfate followed by
2 ml of alkali-iodide-azide reagent. The sample was shaken to
facilitate floe formation and allowed to settle. Next, 2 ml of
concentrated sulfuric acid were added and the sample shaken to
affect precipitate dissolution. This solution was then placed in
a metal rack, covered to prevent degradation from sunlight, and
returned to the laboratory for titration.
The remaining samples were held for less than 6 hours before
20
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returning to the laboratory for analysis.
The third scheduled sampling portion of the program was carried
out on Thursdays and Fridays when perpendicular stations (Figure 2)
were sampled for dissolved oxygen and temperature. On Thursdays,
20 stations perpendicular to the New Jersey coastline were sampled
and on Fridays the remaining 20 stations perpendicular to the
Long Island coast were collected. Again as with the inner Bight
stations, samples were collected while hovering or landing and at
1 meter below the surface and 1 meter above the bottom.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Normal Trends in the Ocean
There are two major processes which act to replenish dissolved
oxygen in the water column of the New York Bight area. These are
the photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxide to molecular oxygen
and active transport of oxygen across the air-water interface.
Subsequent turbulent diffusion processes then distribute the dis-
solved oxygen throughout the water column or into the upper surface
layer when stratified conditions prevail. Concurrent oxygen
utilization (depletion) processes such as bacterial respiration and
sediment oxygen demand act to influence the amount of oxygen in the
water column at any one time or location.
A general description of the oxygen cycle during a calendar
year may be described as follows:
21
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In early January the waters of the Bight are com-
pletely mixed throughout the water column with tem-
peratures ranging from 4 C to 10 C and dissolved
oxygen values are between 8 and 10 mg/1 with slightly
depressed values at the sediment-water interface.
The warm spring air temperatures and solar energy
increase the upper water layer temperature, and in
the absence of high energy input from local storms or
tropical hurricanes a thermally stratified water
column develops. This stratification effectively
blocks the free transport of the oxygen rich upper
layer into the cool oxygen poor bottom waters of the
Bight.
As hot summer weather conditions set in the
warmer upper layer of water remains completely mix-
ed and rich in oxygen (7 to 9 mg/1). This upper
layer ranges from 20 to 60 meters in depth depending
on time and location. The bottom cooler water is
effectively isolated from the upper layer by a 10°C
temperature gradient. Respiration of bottom organ-
isms, bacterial action on algal remains and detritus,
and sediment oxygen demand depress the residual dis-
solved oxygen values in the bottom waters. In a
"normal" year, the dissolved oxygen concentration in
22
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the bottom waters of the Bight reaches a minimum in
early September of approximately 4 mg/1. At this
time cool evenings and less solar input cool the
upper waters decreasing the temperature gradient
between the two water masses. As the two masses
become closer and closer in temperature differential,
the energy input required to breakdown the thermo-
cline gradient becomes less and less until finally,
in many instances after a local storm, there is a
complete mixing of the water column with concommit-
tant reaeration of the bottom waters. The annual
cycle again begins. Figures 6 through 31 depict the
dissolved oxygen concentrations at selected sites
for the duration of the 1977 monitoring program.
Dissolved Oxygen Criteria
The dissolved oxygen levels necessary for survival and/or
reproduction vary among biological species. Insufficient data
have been assimilated to assign definitive limits or lower
levels of tolerance for each species at various growth states.
Rough guidelines are available for aquatic species in general for
purposes of surveillance and monitoring. These are as follows:
5 mg/1 DO and greater - healthy
4-5 mg/1 DO - borderline to healthy
3-4 mg/1 DO - stressful if prolonged
2-3 mg/1 DO - lethal if prolonged
less than 2 mg/1 - lethal in a relatively short time period.
23
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DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
LONG ISLAND COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM LICO2
mg/l
8-12
DATE
9-18
10-19
FIGURE 6
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DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
LONG ISLAND COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM LIC07
ho
Ul
mg/l
DATE
10
7-21
9-18
10-19
FIGURE 7
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DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
LONG ISLAND COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM LIC09
mg/l
DATE
10-19
FIGURE 8
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
LONG ISLAND COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM LIC14
mg/l
7-21
DATE
8-12
9-18
10-19
FIGURE 9
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW JERSEY COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM JC05
mg/l
6-21
6-30
7-21
DATE
NYB 26
FIGURE 10
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW JERSEY COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM JC14
mg/l
6-21
6-30
7-21
DATE
8-4
8-11
8-19
9-17
FIGURE 11
9-1
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW JERSEY COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM JC27
mg/l
6-21
6-30
DATE
9-17
10-18
JC27A
:27P FIGURE 12
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW JERSEY COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM JC41
mg/l
FIGURE 13
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW JERSEY COAST PERPENDICULAR
FROM JC47
mg/l
6-21
6-30
DATE
JC47A
JC47P
FIGURE 14
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW YORK BIGHT
NEW JERSEY TRANSECT
7-21
8-9-
8-16
DATE
NYB 27
NYB 26
NYB 25
NYB 24
NYB 23
NYB 22
NYB 21
9-19
10-20^ NYB 20
FIGURE 15
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW YORK BIGHT
RARITAN BAY TRANSECT
DATE
FIGURE 16
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (BOTTOM VALUES)
NEW YORK BIGHT
LONG ISLAND TRANSECT
NYB 47
NYB 46
NYB 45
NYB 44
NYB 43
NYB 42
DATE
NYB 41
FIGURE 17
NYB 40
-------
Figure 18
Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Levels vs. Date & Station
Long Island Perpendiculars (Except NYB40-46)
July August September October
Station 1 21 12 18_ J.9_
LIC02P +
LIC02A*
LIC02B ... +
LIC02C ... +
LIC09P . **
LIC09A . +
LIC09B . .
LIC09C . .
LIC14P +
LIC14A ... **
LIC14B . . ft*
LIC14C ...
LIC16P
LIC16A
LIC16B
LIC16C
. = DO >4
+= DO 3 to 4
** = DO 2 to 3
Blank = No sample that date
-LIC02A data combined with NYB33 data
36
-------
Figure 19
Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Levels vs. Date & Station
New Jersey Perpendiculars (Except NYB20-26)
Station
JC14P
JC14A
JC14B
JC14C
JC27P
JC27A
JC27B
JC27C
JC41P
JC41A
JC41B
JC41C
JC47P
JC47A
JC47B
JC47C
July
21
August
A I II li
ft
September
I 16/17
October
18 20
+
+
ft
ft
+ +
. = DO >4
+ = DO 3 to 4
* = DO 2 to 3
Blank = No sample that date
37
-------
Figure 20
Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Levels vs. Date & Station
New York Bight (Including NYB20-26 and NYB40-46,
Perpendiculars, and LIC02A)
Station
NYB20
NYB21
NYB22
NYB23
NYB24
NYB25
NYB26
MYB27
NYB32
NYB33
NYB34
NYB35
NYB40
NYB41
NYB42
NYB43
NYB44
NYB45
NYB46
NYB47
July
5 13 19 21 27
August September October
1 A1II li II IP. Iliisig is 20
..+ + *. + + . .
. = DO >4
+ - DO 3 to 4
* = DO 2 to 3
Blank = No sample that date
38
-------
10,
'mi
11
" "®, "©.» -BO
' 11
NYB 6 ©mi
, \19 loJr^ 10,^ 19^ ^(a),1,9®!,,11©
j @llll* ®||| MuMK1
1°^^
10^
| ©
'
10 9 g 9,
JC14~*"E ^ [A] [B] [c]
TOTAL
SAMPLES
\ STATION NUMBER
19r^x/^
©ii**
—EACH INSTANCE OF:
I =DO 3-4
* =DO FROM 2-3
(all other samples had DO ol 4 and greater)
UC27-[
Jl*
3[fO
JC41-*!
Jlll*
6H,
Ji**
DISTRIBUTION OF
DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
FOR THE SUMMER:
NEW YORK BIGHT AND
THE PERPENDICULARS
FIGURE 21
39
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
ATLANTIC CITY AREA
JULY 27, 1977
(Bottom Values)
• DO> 4 mg/l
+ DO 3-4 mg/l
* DO 2-3 mg/l
ATLANTIC CITY
FIGURE 22
40
-------
EASIDEHEIGHTS
DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
ATLANTIC CITY AREA
AUGUST 1, 1977
(Bottom Values)
• DO> 4 mg/l
+ DO 3-4 mg/l
ATLANTIC CITY
FIGURE 23
41
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
ATLANTIC CITY AREA
AUGUST 2, 1977
(Bottom Values)
BARNEGAT
4-
ATLANTIC CITY
• DO > 4 mg/l
+ DO 3-4 mg/l
$ DO 2-3 mg/l
- DO < 2 mg/l
FIGURE 24
42
-------
BARNEGAT
+
DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
ATLANTIC CITY AREA
AUGUSTS, 1977
(Bottom Values)
• DO> 4 mg/l
+ DO 3-4 mg/l
# DO 2-3 mg/l
- D0< 2 mg/l
ATLANTIC CITY
FIGURE 25
43
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
ATLANTIC CITY AREA
AUGUST 12,1977
(Bottom Values)
• DO > 4 mg/l
+ DO 3-4 mg/l
# DO 2-3 mg/l
ATLANTIC CITY
FIGURE 26
-------
SEMI-MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
LONG ISLAND COAST PERPENDICULARS
20
ES
CD
DC
UJ
CO 10
( ) NUMBER OF SAMPLES
THIS PERIOD
DO 3-4 mg/l
Q no DO 3-4 mg/l
no DO 2-3 mg/l
(15)
(8)
(12)
o
(11)
UJ
CO
UJ
<
CO
CO
UJ
CO
(15)
O •
JUL 1-15
JUL 16-31
AUG 1-15 AUG 16-31 SEP 1-15
SEP 16-30 OCT 1-15 OCT 16-3V
FIGURE 27
-------
25
SEMI-MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
NEW JERSEY COAST PERPENDICULARS
20
CO
LLJ
Q. 15
CO
u_
O
CC 10
LLI
ffl
S
D
Z
o -
(5)
o
(32)
(6)
o
H
) NUMBER OF SAMPLES
THIS PERIOD
a
DO 3-4 mg/l
DO 2-3 mg/l
Q no DO 3-4 mg/l
no DO 2-3 mg/l
09
JUL 1-15' I JUL 16-31 I lAUGvTsT TAUG 16-31 I ' SEP 1-15 I I SEP 16-30 ' I OCT 1-15 I «OCT 16-31
FIGURE 28
-------
SEMI-MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED
OXYGEN LEVELS NEW YORK BIGHT
25
( ) NUMBER OF SAMPLES
THIS PERIOD
JUL 1-15 'JUL 16-31' ' AUG 1-15 ' ' AUG 16-31' SEP 1-15
SEP 16-30' ' OCT1-151 ' OCT 16-31'
FIGURE 29
-------
25-
SEMI-MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
ATLANTIC CITY—SEASIDE HEIGHTS—BARNEGAT AREA
20
LU
_J
0. 15
5
<
V)
QC10
UJ
CO
(56)
UJ
EL
( ) NUMBER OF SAMPLES
THIS PERIOD
DO 3-4 mg/l
DO 2-3 mg/l
DO less than 2 mg/1
no DO less than 2 mg/l
NO SAMPLES
JUL 16-31 AUG 1-15 AUG 16-3l SEP 1-15 SEP 16-3o OCT 1-15 OCT 16-31
JUL 1-15
FIGURE 30
-------
DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS
FOR THE LONG ISLAND COAST PERPENDICULARS(LIC-P),
NEW JERSEY PERPENDICULARS(NJ-P), AND THE NEW YORK BIGHT (NYB)
SUMMER OF 1977
DO greater than 5 mg/l
DO less than 5 mg/l
DO less than 4 mg/l
DO less than 3 mg/l
FIGURE 31
49
-------
These criteria are consistent with the biological information
recorded in the New York Bight over the past several years. Most
data concerning the lower tolerance levels were recorded during
the summer of 1976. In 1976, widespread and persistent dissolved
oxygen levels between 2.0 mg/1 and 0 occurred over a large area of
the Bight. This resulted in extensive fish kills and bottom
dwelling organism mortalities. In contrast to this environmental
disaster was the summer of 1977. The dissolved oxygen values
reached a "stressful" condition (3.0 to 4.0 mg/1) at about only
i
20 percent of the bottom stations. Only occassional values dipped
below the 3.0 mg/1 mark and were more transient than persistent.
The summer of 1977 had no recorded fish kills and divers along the
coast indicated a generally healthy condition in the bottom waters.
Surface Dissolved Oxygen
The completely mixed upper water layer of the New York Bight
exhibited dissolved oxygen values at or near saturation during the
entire sampling period (May 1 through September 30, 1977). A
total of 400 dissolved oxygen values were recorded over this
period. Of these, only six values were lower than 5.0 mg/1. These
data are presented in Appendix A.
Bottom Dissolved Oxygen
Bottom dissolved oxygen values recorded for the summer of 1977
are presented in Figures 6 through 31. These figures present the
50
-------
dissolved oxygen values using dissolved oxygen station locations
and time of year as variables.
The general dissolved oxygen levels throughout the Bight are
summarized according to the previously discussed dissolved oxygen
criteria for biologic communities. These values include both the
transect and the New Jersey and Long Island perpendicular data. A
breakdown of data from these three areas follows:
Number of Samples (Percent)
L.I.
Perp.
57
N.J.
Perp.
92
N.Y.
Bight
196
Total of
all Three
345
41 (77)
9 (9)
4 (8)
3 (6)
0
45 (49)
20 (22)
12 (13)
15 (16)
0
112 (57)
39 (20)
41 (21)
4 (2)
0
198 (58)
68 (20)
57 (17)
22 (5)
0
No. of Samples
DO Levels:
>5 tng/1
4-5 mg/1
3-4 mg/1
2-3 mg/1
<2 mg/1
The chart of values above indicates the Long Island coastline
out to the 24 km sampling limit was virtually free from any
"stressful" conditions during the 1977 period with over three
fourths of the values in the "healthy" dissolved oxygen concen-
tration level. The areas in the inner Bight apex and along the
New Jersey coastline however present a less optimistic picture
with close to 50 percent of the values at or below the 5 mg/1
51
-------
level. The New Jersey coastline had the greatest number of
critical and subcritical values with 16 percent of the samples in
the 2 to 3 mg/1 range. For purposes of comparison, the dissolved
oxygen data collected by the New York City Department of
Environmental Protection are given in Appendix B.
Figures 6 through 17 graphically depict the dissolved oxygen
values of the inner Bight, Long Island, and New Jersey coastlines
as a function of time between the period May 1 and September 30,
1977. All the stations exhibit the classical oxygen depression/
reaeration curve with the lowest dissolved oxygen reading recorded
in late August through mid-September followed by thermocline
breakdown and complete mixing reflected in the saturated dissolved
oxygen values of mid-October. The bar frequency charts (Figures
27 through 29) show the incidence of lowest dissolved oxygen
occurred during the sampling period in mid-September for the
Long Island and New Jersey coastlines. The data for the inner
Bight stations showed only sporadic incidences of low dissolved
oxygen with no definitive time-dependent trends evident. This
can be attributed to the effects of sewage sludge disposal and
dredge materials in this sector as well as the inflow of waters
from the Hudson River estuary.
The Atlantic City-lower New Jersey coastline area elicited
special attention late in the summer period when the New Jersey
52
-------
State Department of Environmental Protection reported low dis-
solved oxygen values off the Atlantic City-Seaside Heights-
Barnegat shoreline (Figures 22 through 26 and 30). A total of
83 bottom dissolved oxygen values were recorded for this area
with 53 percent of the values in excess of A mg/1, 28 percent in
the 3 to 4 mg/1 range, 14 percent between 2 to 3 mg/1, and 5 per-
cent with less than 2 mg/1. No samples taken had a zero dissolved
oxygen residual.
The synoptic map (Figure 21) and the Atlantic City-Seaside
Heights-Barnegat area maps (Figures 22 through 26) indicate lower
dissolved oxygen values are primarily found along the New Jersey
coast and extend from the Sandy Hook area southward to Atlantic
City. As a result of these 1977 data, the lower area of the
New Jersey coast is included in the dissolved oxygen surveillance
program for 1978.
Summary
Dissolved oxygen levels in the warm upper layer of the
New York Bight and off the Long Island and New Jersey coasts were
at a "healthy" level throughout the summer.
Dissolved oxygen levels in the bottom, cool layer of these
waters showed the following characteristics:
1) a normal decreasing trend through the summer and
recovering to higher levels in the early autumn.
2) a "healthy" condition off the Long Island coast;
53
-------
3) did not remain at "stressful" levels for signif-
icant lengths of time in the Bight;
4) the depression was more pronounced off the
New Jersey coast than anywhere else, although
conditions were less severe than the summer of
1976;
5) no fish kills were reported in the New York
Bight — this confirms that the dissolved oxygen
patterns found, although to some degree "stress-
ful", were not "lethal".
V. BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
The geometric means for all bacteriological samples collected
between May 1 and September 30, 1977 along the New Jersey shore are
plotted in Figure 32, while the monthly geometric means for fecal
coliform are summarized in Table 5. The bacteriological standard
for primary contact recreation (bathing) in New Jersey coastal
waters is that the monthly geometric mean of five or more samples
shall not exceed 50 fecal coliform per 100 ml of sample. As can
be seen in Figure 32, the highest five month geometric mean had a
density of 2.6 fecal coliform per 100 ml at Station JC37. The
data in Table 5 show that the highest monthly geometric mean value,
taken during a month when 5 or more samples were collected, had a
density of 4.7 fecal coliform per 100 ml at Station JC21. Table 5
further shows that the highest monthly geometric means occurred in
54
-------
50
STANDARD
GEOMETRIC MEANS OF FECAL COLIFORM DATA
COLLECTED MAY 1-SEPTEMBER 30, 1977
ALONG THE COAST OF NEW JERSEY
20
o
o
Q.
5
cc
O
LJ_
_l
O
o
o
LU
10
01A 02 03 05 08 11 14 21 24 27 30 33 37 41 44 47A 49 53 55
NJ (NEW JERSEY COAST) STATIONS FIGURE 32J
55
-------
Table 5
Jersey Coast Stations—Fecal Coliform
Geometric Means for the Months of Hay,
June, July, August, September, and October
Station
JC01A
JC02
JC03
JC05
JC08
JC11
JC14
JC21
JC24
JC27
JC30
JC33
JC37
JC41
JC44
JC47A
JC49
JC53
JC55
May-
2/3.5
2/3.2
2/2.2
2/1.7
2/2.4
2/2.2
2/2.6
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/2.4
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.7
2/2.4
2/1.0
June*
10/1.1
10/1.1
10/1.0
10/1.6
10/1.0
10/1.1
10/1.0
10/1.1
10/1.1
10/1.0
10/1.0
10/1.6
10/1.7
10/1.3
10/1.0
10/1.0
10/1.3
10/1.1
10/1.2
July*
15/1.6
15/1.6
16/1.7
15/1.2
15/1.5
15/1.5
15/1.6
15/1.5
15/1.8
15/2.4
15/1.7
15/1.8
15/2.8
15/1.4
15/1.9
15/1.6
15/1.5
15/2.7
15/1.5
August*
8/1.7
8/1.6
8/1.7
8/2.0
8/1.4
8/1.7
8/4.4
8/4.7
7/1.9
9/2.4
8/1.6
9/2.9
9/3.8
8/1.4
8/1.3
8/1.4
7/1.5
8/1.6
8/1.0
September*
1/2.0
1/5.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/3.0
1/2.0
1/16.0
1/9.0
1/104.0
1/3.0
1/2.0
1/1.0
-
1/9.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/2.0
1/8.0
1/3.0
October*
1/23.0
1/42.0
1/21.0
1/16.0
1/5.0
1/16.0
1/4.0
1/3.0
1/4.0
1/5.0
1/6.0
1/6.0
1/11.0
1/4.0
1/4.0
1/5.0
1/2.0
1/4.0
1/1.0
*The first number is the number of samples collected for the month,
the second number is the geometric mean for the month.
56
-------
August. However, these values were less than the permitted
bacteriological water quality standard.
Throughout the 5-month period there were only five samples out
of approximately 700 that were collected along New Jersey that had
fecal coliform densities above 50 per 100 ml. These samples were
as follows:
Station
JC21
JC24
JC27
JC33
JC37
Date
Collected
8/13/77
9/07/77
7/25/77
8/13/77
7/30/77
Fecal Coliform
per 100 ml
83
104
268
144
92
An attempt was made to link high bacteriological densities with
rainfall as recorded in Mew Brunswick (Table 6 presents the rain-
fall data); however, no such relationship was established. The
five high values do not appear to be related to any specific
environmental factors such as rainfall, illegal discharges, power
failures, etc.
Throughout the summer the water quality along the coast of
New Jersey, judged by fecal coliform densities, was excellent.
The tabulated data for individual New Jersey beach stations as
well as Long Island beach stations are presented in Appendix C.
The bacteriological water quality standard for New York State
coastal waters used for primary contact recreation (bathing) is
that the monthly geometric mean of five or more samples shall not
57
-------
Table 6
Rainfall in New Brunswick, New Jersey
For che Months of June, July, August, and September 1977
CO
JUNE
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Rainfall (cm)
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.40
0.00
0.91
4.24
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.00
0.00
1.07
0.00
JULY
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Rainfall (cm)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.33
1.45
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.47
0.00
<. 0
0.00
0.15
0.51
AUGUST
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Rainfall (cm)
0.00
1.32
0.15
2.01
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.02
0.00
1.22
0.81
0.51
0.00
0.08
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.85
0.48
0.18
1.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SEPTEMBER
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Rainfall (cm)
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.99
0.03
0.00
0.00
0 51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.05
0.97
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.33
0.08
0.15
3.48
2.95
0.20
0.94
0.76
0.00
0.00
Source: Recorded by the Rutgers University Meteorology Department.
-------
exceed 200 fecal coliform per 100 ml of sample. The five month
geometric mean of the fecal coliform data for all Long Island
beach stations is shown in Figure 33. The monthly geometric means
for fecal coliform along the Long Island coast are summarized in
Table 7. Both Figure 33 and Table 7 show that the bacteriological
water quality standard was never approached throughout the summer
at any of the Long Island beach stations. Figure 33 shows that
the highest geometric mean for the five-month period from May 1
through September 30, 1977 is 3.9 fecal coliform per 100 ml of
sample at Station LIC04. This station had higher total and fecal
coliform densities than the other Long Island stations consistent-
ly throughout the summer. A dredging operation, conducted along
the Rockaways to restore the beach area is believed to be the
reason for the elevated densities. Sand from approximately 1.6 km
offshore was dredged and pumped onto the beach. The dredging dis-
turbed bottom sediments and crushed clams and worms, thus leading
to an increase in bacteriological densities in the water. Photo-
graph 6 shows this dredge with the pipe discharging sediment-laden
water onto the beach. Photograph 7 shows scum on the beach in the
Rockaways. The action of surf on the rich, sediment-laden water
being pumped onto the beach created the scum, which was present
throughout most of the summer. There were only two instances
during the entire summer that individual densities exceeded the
200 fecal coliform per 100 ml value, and both occurred at Station
59
-------
GEOMETRIC MEANS OF FECAL COLIFORM DATA
COLLECTED MAY 1 - SEPTEMBER 30, 1977
ALONG THE COAST OF LONG ISLAND
1000
STANDARD
200
o 1oo
o
r~
Z
Q.
2
(/)
5
oe
o
LL
O
O
o
LJLJ
10
01 02 03 04 05 07 08 09 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
LIC (LONG ISLAND COAST) STATIONS
FIGURE 33
60
-------
Table 7
Long Island Coast Stations - Fecal Coliform
Geometric Means for the Months of May,
June, July, August, September, and October
Station
June* July* August- September* October*
LIC01
LIC02
LIC03
LIC04
LIC05
LIC07
LIC08
LIC09
LIC10
LIC12
LIC13
LIC14
LIC15
LIC16
LIC17
LIC18
LIC19
LIC20
LIC21
LIC22
LIC23
LIC24
LIC25
LIC26
LIC27
LIC28
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
2/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/2.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/2.0
1/1.0
10/1.0
10/1.2
10/1.1
10/1.3
10/1.2
10/1.1
10/1.2
10/2.0
10/1.8
10/1.0
10/1.1
10/1.0
10/1.1
11/1.3
10/1.0
10/1.1
10/1.0
10/1.0
10/1.0
10/1.1
10/1.5
9/1.3
9/1.2
9/1.7
9/1.2
9/1.0
12/1.4
11/1.9
11/1.7
12/5.9
12/2.9
12/1.2
12/2.3
12/1.8
12/1.6
12/1.0
12/1.1
12/1.1
12/1.1
12/1.7
13/1.1
13/1.1
13/1.2
13/1.0
12/1.3
12/1.9
12/1.3
12/1.3
12/1.2
12/1.3
12/1.4
12/1.2
9/2.2
9/3.6
9/3.7
9/9.1
9/2.4
9/1.4
9/2.2
9/2.0
9/3.3
9/1.6
9/1.8
9/1.1
9/1.2
9/3.7
9/1.1
9/1.3
9/1.0
9/1.2
9/1.3
9/1.1
9/2.4
9/1.7
9/1.0
8/1.0
8/1.9
7/1.0
1/7.0
1/14.0
1/3.0
1/13.0
1/1.0
1/9.0
1/4.0
1/1.0
1/9.0
1/1.0
1/2.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/3.0
1/3.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/3.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/1.0
1/64.0
1/47.0
1/8.0
1/26.0
1/32.0
1/9.0
1/11.0
1/8.0
1/1.0
1/3.0
1/3.0
1/8.0
1/16.0
1/3.0
1/3.0
1/2.0
1/5.0
1/12.0
1/10.0
1/20.0
1/9.0
1/1.0
1/5.0
1/3.0
1/10.0
1/2.0
*The first number is the number of samples collected for the month,
the second number is the geometric mean for the month.
61
-------
Photograph 6 - Dredging operation off of Rockaway Beach,
Long Island. The dredge can be seen approximately 1.6 km
out in the ocean, and the pipe in the front right-hand
corner is discharging sediment-laden water on the beach.
Photograph 7 - Scum on Rockaway Beach, Long Island.
The action of the surf on the sediment-laden water
from the offshore dredging created the scum which was
present throughout the summer on the beach.
62
-------
LIC04. The values were 316 and 560 fecal coliform per 100 ml from
samples collected on July 18 and August 6, 1977, respectively. On
the basis of fecal coliform content, the water quality along the
coast of Long Island was excellent throughout the summer. The
tabulated data for individual Long Island beach stations are in
Appendix C.
Bacteriological analyses, total and fecal coliform, were con-
ducted once a week at the 20 inner New York Bight stations. Of
the 360 samples collected, only two had fecal coliform densities
in excess of 50 per 100 ml of water. On August 2, 1977 the shallow
sample at Station NYB44 had a fecal coliform density of 420 per
100 ml while on September 19, 1977 the shallow sample at Station
NYB32 had a fecal coliform density of 96 per 100 ml. The cause of
these two isolated high values is unknown. The other 358 were all
below 50 fecal coliform per 100 ml with a majority of the values
in the 0 to 2 per 100 ml range. All of the bacteriological data
collected at the New York Bight stations are shown in Appendix D.
VI. NUTRIENTS AND TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
Nutrients and total organic carbon data were gathered for the
New York Bight transects (Figure 3). The transects (New Jersey-
Stations NYB20-NYB27, Raritan Bay-Stations NYB32-NYB35, and
Long Island-Stations NYB40-NYB47) were sampled nine times between
June 7 and September 19. The bulk of the samples (seven) were
63
-------
collected in July and August. The samples were analyzed for NH--N,
NO--N, N02-N, TP, PO.-P, SiCL, and TOC. The parameters discussed
are total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), TP, SiCK, and TOC. All raw
nutrient data for the New York Bight stations are listed in
Appendix D.
Phosphorus
The total phosphorus (TP) values (Table 8) for the New Jersey
transect exhibited variations among stations and depths. The
stations closer to the shore (NYB20 and NYB21) generally had
higher TP levels than the other transect stations (Figure 34), and
the TP values of the shallow samples at Stations NYB20 and NYB21
were higher than the deep samples. The reverse was generally true
for the other transect stations.
The TP values (Table 8) from the Raritan Bay transect also
showed variations from station to station and between depths. In
June and July, TP values were similar for all stations; however,
in August, Station NYB32 had higher TP levels in the shallow water
samples than did the other transect stations (Figure 35).
The TP values in Table 8 from the Long Island transect were
relatively uniform for a given date and depth. There did appear to
be a general trend of increasing TP values in August.
The results showed that the TP levels were relatively uniform
throughout the Bight area except for the stations closest to the
New Jersey coast (Stations NYB20 and NYB21) and the mouth of
-------
Table 8
Total Phosphorus In mg/1 For
The New York Bight Transects Stations
New York Bight Station Numbers
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
20
.061
.032
.058
.062
.073
.054
.083
.029
.105
.054
.106
.056
.019
.070
-
-
.052
.055
21
.035
.026
.052
.042
.052
.031
.065
.047
.084
.046
.091
.045
.017
.076
-
-
.073
.053
22
.018
.024
.037
.032
.038
.043
.038
.044
.046
.046
.062
.047
.017
.052
-
-
.057
.046
23
.021
.026
.030
.032
.028
.057
.032
.047
.027
.039
.055
.045
.014
.047
-
-
.051
.046
24
.015
.032
.030
.035
.026
.061
.029
.038
.031
.031
.045
.050
.019
.036
-
-
.043
.046
25
.018
.024
.025
.032
.021
.040
.020
.053
.023
.061
.038
.086
.017
.019
-
-
.038
.046
26
.015
.024
.030
.027
.017
.045
.020
.044
.023
.042
.038
.040
.087
.052
-
-
.031
.048
27
.018
-
.030
.025
.021
.045
.029
.032
.023
.023
.030
.045
.025
.039
.025
.035
.023
.043
32
.010
.026
.021
.025
.058
.026
.024
.033
.096
.048
.094
.047
.081
.052
.061
.044
.060
.048
33
.010
.023
.012
.034
.022
.023
.040
.033
.037
.033
.040
.047
.049
.053
.061
.049
.043
.066
34
.015
.026
.027
.020
.024
.043
.032
.041
.035
.035
.071
.047
.048
.068
.065
.066
.033
.042
35
.021
.029
.025
.030
.021
.054
.023
.053
.042
.031
.059
.050
.040
.139
.049
.054
.043
.033
60
.021
.026
.025
.030
.028
.026
.020
.038
.039
.039
.026
.043
.030
.041
.042
.058
.028
.051
41
.012
.018
.020
.030
.017
.050
.017
.031
.035
.031
.043
.060
.061
.061
.039
.064
.026
.053
42
.012
.021
.022
.020
.019
.052
.017
.038
.027
.027
.050
.047
.025
.048
.061
.044
.022
.062
43
.018
.018
.022
.072
.019
.045
.017
.047
.019
.042
.057
.043
.054
.041
.061
.037
.023
.066
66
.018
.021
.030
.025
.021
.057
.023
.056
.263
.035
.052
.050
.063
.063
.023
.064
.030
.053
45
.012
.024
.037
.040
.021
.047
.023
.050
.023
.023
.043
.067
.063
.055
.020
.042
.033
.055
46
.012
.024
.050
.027
.019
.038
.014
.029
.039
.039
.026
.040
.018
.176
.020
.032
.023
.066
47
.012
.026
.032
.027
.021
.036
.016
.029
.042
.035
.016
.035
.017
.063
.023
.037
.021
.046
-------
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
NEW JERSEY TRANSECT STATIONS
SHALLOW DEPTH
7-19'
8-2
8-9
NYB 27
NYB 21
FIGURE 34
DATE
8-16-
9-19.
NYB 20
-------
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
RARITAN BAY TRANSECT STATIONS
SHALLOW DEPTH
mg/l
6-7
7-5
7-13
7-19
8-2
DATE
8-9
8-16
NYB 35
NYB 34
NYB 33
8-30-
9-19
NYB 32
FIGURE 35
-------
Raritan Bay (Station NYB32).
Total Inorganic Nitrogen
The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) values (Table 9) for the
New Jersey transect showed some variation between stations and
depths at each station. The stations closest to the Jersey coast
generally had the highest TIN values (Figure 36) with the shallow
depth having the higher value. At the other stations, the deep
value was generally greater than the shallow value.
The TIN values (Table 9) from the Raritan Bay transect exhib-
ited a variation similar to that of the New Jersey transect, i.e.
higher TIN values at the near-mouth station (Figure 37) and at the
shallow depth.
The TIN values for the Long Island transect showed the greatest
variation between stations, but there was no uniform pattern or
trend. Unlike the New Jersey and Raritan Bay transects, there was
no trend for near-shore stations to be higher than offshore
stations (Table 9).
In general, the near-shore stations, close to the New Jersey
coast, exhibited higher nitrogen values than the other stations in
the Bight area.
Silica
The reactive silica (as SiO~) concentrations (Table 10) for the
New Jersey transect were rather uniform among stations for a given
68
-------
Table 9
Total Inorganic Nitrogen In mg/1 For
The New York Bight Transects Stations
New York Bight Station Numbers
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
20
.139
.032
.021
.083
.119
.094
.047
.050
.222
.112
.233
.131
.000
.076
-
-
.328
.214
21
.078
.025
.054
.128
.000
.026
.049
.123
.226
.098
.089
.119
.000
.062
-
-
.402
.240
22
.000
.038
.000
.109
.020
.065
.062
.132
.000
.098
.076
.150
.000
.149
-
-
.281
.236
23
.000
.032
.000
.122
.020
.065
.023
.168
.000
.111
.022
.144
.000
.231
-
-
.079
.206
24
.000
.000
.021
.059
.020
.090
.023
.141
.000
.092
.022
.162
.020
.187
-
-
.056
.177
25
.000
.000
.028
.059
.020
.058
.000
.103
.000
.046
.022
.077
.020
.000
-
-
.082
.131
26
.000
.032
.021
.046
.020
.079
.000
.116
.000
.092
.022
.100
.000
.097
-
-
.000
.129
27
.000
-
.000
.040
.020
.058
.000
.096
.000
.019
.022
.112
.000
.091
.000
.86
.000
.121
32
.000
.000
.021
.040
.183
.058
.046
.097
.358
.125
.365
.137
.325
.097
.152
.127
.306
.166
33
.000
.038
.021
.065
.033
.033
.066
.090
.078
.033
.126
.113
.117
.167
.110
.168
.162
.234
34
.000
.000
.021
.059
.020
.084
.000
.110
.000
.051
.194
.149
.077
.180
.126
.167
.000
.176
35
.000
.038
.015
.085
.020
.058
.000
.066
.000
.071
.122
.149
.000
.088
.098
.140
.062
.082
40
.000
.025
.021
.052
.033
.039
.000
.036
.000
.026
.000
.131
.000
.000
.000
.120
.000
.150
41
.000
.000
.000
.046
.000
.117
.023
.043
.000
.000
.086
.100
.000
.071
.000
.140
.023
.232
42
.000
.032
.000
.000
.020
.065
.023
.128
.000
.000
.110
.131
.000
.110
.075
.155
.023
.182
43
.000
.025
.021
.164
.020
.098
.000
.136
.000
.033
.070
.131
.083
.117
.136
.067
.000
.190
44
.000
.000
.000
..028
.020
.052
.000
.103
.140
.033
.061
.102
.128
.123
.000
.146
.023
.232
45
.000
.025
.000
.040
.000
.052
.000
.110
.000
.000
.000
.083
.131
.135
.000
.109
.045
.184
46
.000
.045
.000
.065
.020
.079
.000
.103
.000
.78
.000
.131
.000
.097
.000
.100
.023
.152
47
.000
.051
.000
.071
.020
.079
.000
.099
.000
.098
.000
.107
.000
.116
.021
.120
.023
.154
-------
TOTAL INORGANIC NITROGEN
NEW JERSEY TRANSECT STATIONS
SHALLOW DEPTH
DATE
NYB 27
FIGURE 36
8-16
9-19-
NYB 20
-------
TOTAL INORGANIC NITROGEN
RARITAN BAY TRANSECT STATIONS
SHALLOW DEPTH
mg/l
8-2
8-9
DATE
8-16
NYB 35
NYB 34
NYB 33
FIGURE 37
8-30-
9-19
NYB 32
-------
Table 10
Total Reactive Silica As S10_ In mg/1
For The New York Bight Transects Stations
New York Bight Station Numbers
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
20
.276
.223
.157
.424
.262
.524
.693
.693
1.076
1.251
1.052
1.757
.553
1.700
-
-
.645
1.436
21
.303
.371
.220
.565
.265
.345
.729
1.523
1.041
1.356
.981
1.404
.595
1.615
-
-
.869
1.677
22
.142
.223
.173
.471
.234
.427
.512
1.379
.762
1.391
.840
1.616
.553
1.615
-
-
.679
1.643
23
.169
.505
.173
.565
.220
.400
.512
1.523
.692
1.356
.805
1.581
.553
1.530
-
-
.439
1.540
24
.209
.236
.141
.408
.207
.469
.512
1.343
.657
1.181
.734
1.722
.553
1.403
-
-
.370
1.540
25
.249
.263
.314
.345
.207
.455
.440
1.162
.657
1.181
.664
1.334
.510
.533
-
-
.473
1.368
26
.223
.438
.094
.314
.207
.413
.440
1.198
.587
1.216
.558
1.263
.595
1.233
-
-
.404
1.402
27
.330
-
.094
.345
.193
.386
.476
1.162
.622
.832
.593
1.440
.533
1.233
.617
.872
1.439
1.402
32
.209
.438
.204
.330
.262
.345
.693
1.343
1.076
1.007
1.228
1.334
.978
1.318
.835
1.236
.748
1.161
33
.169
.532
.157
.392
.262
.303
.765
1.198
.797
1.007
.911
1.440
.935
1.360
.835
1.491
.473
1.712
34
.196
.532
.157
.345
.220
.455
.549
1.415
.692
1.076
.946
1.510
.765
1.275
.835
1.455
.404
1.609
35
.236
.546
.173
.487
.220
.441
.512
1.271
.587
1.041
.840
1.510
.680
1.488
.908
1.345
.439
.886
40^
.384
.451
.251
.502
.289
.303
.621
1.343
.762
1.041
.629
1.263
.553
.808
.544
1.163
.335
.783
41
.330
.398
.188
.455
.248
.634
.476
1.162
.692
.902
.734
1.369
.638
1.190
.544
1.382
.301
1.574
42
.33
.424
.141
.235
.234
.551
.440
1.307
.587
.937
.875
1.440
.595
1.360
.835
1.455
.301
1.402
43
.317
.384
.157
.487
.234
.551
.440
1.235
.587
1.076
.840
1.404
.808
1.360
.908
.945
.335
1.574
44
.303
.317
.157
.314
.220
.441
.440
1.198
.622
.832
.805
1.369
.893
1.403
.617
1.345
.370
1.471
45
.236
.438
.141
.377
.234
.455
.440
1.090
.552
.552
.734
1.299
.850
1.360
.653
1.200
.370
1.402
46
.223
.519
.)73
.549
.220
.455
.404
1.126
.727
1.146
.588
1.404
.553
1.233
.617
1.054
.370
1.402
47
.209
.586
.204
.455
.193
.441
.404
1.126
.727
1.111
.488
1.299
.595
1.445
.617
1.200
.404
1.436
-------
depth and date. There was variation between depths with the deep
sample usually being higher than the shallow. There was a three-
fold increase in the silica concentrations for the deep sample
between July 13 and July 19; these high values stayed for the rest
of the sampling period. On August 2 and August 9 high levels of
silica were found at the near-shore stations (NYB20 and NYB21)
(Figure 38) in the shallow sample. There was a general trend for
the shallow values to increase into August and then fluctuate for
the rest of the sampling period.
The Raritan Bay transect exhibited results similar to those of
the New Jersey transect. The data in Table 10 show a general uni-
formity of values among stations on a specific date and at the same
depth. The shallow values increased from June to August, followed
by a period of fluctuation, and then decreased in September
(Figure 39). The near-shore shallow values (Station NYB32) in-
creased on August 2 and 9, although the deep values were higher
than the shallow values.
The Long Island transect values were similar to the New Jersey
and the Raritan Bay transects except that no high shallow silica
values were found on August 2 and 9.
It is unclear why on August 2 and 9 Stations NYB20, NYB21, and
NYB32 exhibited such high silica values in the shallow samples.
Total Organic Carbon
The total organic carbon (TOC) levels remained relatively uni-
73
-------
TOTAL REACTIVE SILICA AS SiO2
NEW JERSEY TRANSECT STATIONS
SHALLOW DEPTH
7-5-
7-13-
7-19-
8-2-
DATE 89
8-16
NYB 27
NYB 22
NYB 21
9-19-
NYB 20
FIGURE 38
-------
TOTAL REACTIVE SILICA AS SiO2
RARITAN BAY TRANSECT STATIONS
SHALLOW DEPTH
Ul
mg/l
DATE
8-16
8-30
NYB 32
9-19
FIGURE 39
-------
form for all stations on a given date and at a given depth (Table
11). There was no evidence of a TOC concentration gradient either
along the New Jersey coastline or at the stations further out in
the New York. Bight.
The TOC values usually were in the range of 1.50 to 3.00 mg/1,
except for the values reported on July 5 and July 19 for the
New Jersey transect and on August 9 for the entire Bight. It is
probable the algal concentrations were high on these dates. On
August 9 three very high values were observed: 10.55 mg/1 from the
shallow sample at Station NYB41, 9.85 mg/1 from the shallow sample
at Station NYB43, and 12.34 mg/1 from the deep sample at Station
NYB25. Also, on August 16 the shallow sample from Station NYB34
had a TOC value of 13.09 mg/1. The high values in the shallow
samples may be attributable to pockets of very dense algal material.
However, an apparent reason for the deep sample value being so high
is lacking.
Discussion
It is known that the Raritan Bay-Lower Bay comples transports
large quantities of nutrient-rich water out into the New York Bight
apex. It has been demonstrated (Duedall, et al., 1977) that the
largest tidal variation in salinity, nutrients, and Chlorophyll ji
concentrations occurred near Sandy Hook where the discharge from
the Lower Hudson estuary has the greatest influence. It has been
hypothesized that a substantial quantity of the nutrient-rich
76
-------
Table 11
Total Organic Carbon In mg/1 For The
New York Bight Transects Stations
New York Bight Station Numbers
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
20
4.16
2.77
5.07
1.97
2.99
1.52
4.64
2.13
4.90
0.83
2.75
1.56
-
2.77
1.73
21
2.86
2.47
4.45
1.30
3.26
1.53
3.39
1.80
5.09
1.26
2.42
2.06
-
2.64
1.83
22
1.83
2.50
3.90
4.52
2.52
3.59
3.25
1.38
3.88
1.75
2.58
1.85
—
2.22
1.67
23
1.94
1.53
4.32
1.62
2.37
1.29
3.08
1.26
3.42
1.07
1.36
^
2.96
0.91
24
3.99
2.43
4.80
1.72
2.22
1.28
2.92
1.44
4.33
2.23
3.12
1.42
:
2.52
1.08
25
2.06
2.17
3.85
2.01
1.10
2.86
1.85
3.44
12.34
2.42
2.00
-
2.04
1.29
26
1.90
1.75
3.77
2.50
2.13
1.32
3.19
1.87
2.80
1.06
3.31
1.45
-
1.27
27
1.59
4.10
6.95
0.193
0.386
3.43
1.83
2.93
1.69
2.54
1.45
2.40
1.54
2.13
1.32
32
3.80
3.88
2.21
2.84
1.94
3.18
1.71
3.18
2.24
2.54
2.28
2.842
1.101
2.02
2.06
33
2.00
1.68
3.07
1.49
2.22
1.35
4.14
1.71
3.09
0.97
2.13
3.40
2.56
2.13
2.20
1.13
34
1.88
1.81
3.72
1.38
3.83
1.23
2.71
1.26
3.19
1.52
13.09
1.67
2.84
0.91
2.88
0.96
35
2.95
1.68
3.45
1.51
2.26
1.90
2.87
1.94
3.15
1.56
2.28
1.60
2.58
0.94
2.32
2.32
40
2.14
1.78
2.63
5.42
2.45
7.78
2.56
1.86
2.47
2.88
1.84
1.96
3.49
2.02
2.74
1.66
41
2.97
2.21
2.95
1.45
1.94
1.65
2.69
1.59
10.55
3.37
3.24
1.09
3.06
1.07
2.42
1.33
42
1.58
1.72
3.30
1.97
1.85
1.58
2.49
1.97
2.87
1.23
2.42
1.43
3.53
1.01
2.43
1.23
43
1.72
1.41
3.33
2.75
4.34
1.29
•2.49
2.34
9.85
1.71
7.64
0.83
2.90
1.66
2.02
44
2.26
2.45
4.16
1.46
2.43
1.35
3.66
1.62
3.44
1.62
2.16
1.56
0.74
1.91
1.02
45
1.91
2.91
4.64
4.44
2.20
5.75
3.24
1.91
3.37
1.72
3.25
3.16
2.02
1.30
2.06
0.99
46
5.85
1.37
5.73
1.17
2.76
1.34
2.46
1.53
5.17
1.42
3.59
1.18
1.81
0.86
1.52
1.01
47
1.59
1.53
3.75
1.54
2.22
1.90
2.53
4.80
2.01
1.34
2.61
1.07
2.07
1.30
1.48
0.87
-------
waters eminate from the Raritan Bay down along the New Jersey
coast. The nutrient data presented for 1977 tend to support the
above assumption as the stations closest to the New Jersey coast
(i.e. NYB20, NYB21, and NYB32) have the highest nutrient values.
It is also likely that these nutrient-rich waters serve to promote
algal growth along the Jersey coast. However, there are numerous
data gaps that must be filled before a clear understanding of the
relationship between the waters leaving the Lower Hudson estuary
and the red tide blooms along the northern New Jersey coast can be
\
obtained.
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EPISODES
Red Tide. 1977
On Monday, June 13 the EPA helicopter crew sighted a phyto-
plankton bloom off Manasquan Inlet. The bloom began at the mouth
of the inlet, was approximately 1 km in width, and extended 1.6 to
3 km out into the ocean. Samples were collected 30 meters off the
beach. The phytoplankton species causing the bloom was Olistho-
discus luteus, a relatively innocuous red tide organism. The
bloom was moderate with cell counts of 30,000 per ml of sample.
The bloom was again present on June 14; however, it had increased
to approximately 8 km in length along the coast. A sample col-
lected 30 meters from the Manasquan Inlet showed 84,640 Olistho-
discus cells per ml which is indicative of a fairly heavy bloom.
A moderate bloom was also observed on June 13 in the area of
78
-------
Seaside Heights. The bloom was small (approximately 1.6 km long
and .4 km wide) and cell counts revealed it was of moderate den-
sity at 25,000 Olisthodiscus cells per ml of sample.
On June 15 it appeared that the blooms along the New Jersey
coast had dissipated. However, on June 16, helicopter personnel
observed an extremely long patch of red tide beginning 6.A km
south of the tip of Sandy Hook extending southward to Manasquan.
The bloom was 11 to 12 km wide and 48 km long. Photograph 8 shows
the very distinct interface of the red tide bloom and "clean"
algae-free water. The picture was taken off Manasquan Inlet. Two
samples were collected on June 16, one where the bloom began off
Sandy Hook, and the other just off the beach at Deal, New Jersey.
Both samples were indicative of a moderate bloom with Olistho-
discus luteus the dominant organism. Cell counts were 40,480 per
ml off Sandy Hook and 57,040 per ml off Deal.
On June 9 and 10 over 5 cm of rain fell (Table 6). The bloom
began on June 13, just 3 days later. It seems quite probable that
the rain washed nutrients into the river which triggered the bloom.
This is further evidenced by the fact that the bloom began around
the Manasquan Inlet.
On June 17 the red tide along the New Jersey coast had
dissipated.
On June 18 an extensive bloom was sighted in Raritan Bay
(Photograph 9). Two samples were collected off Princess Cove,
79
-------
Photograph 8 - Red tide (left) and algae-free water (right)
interface off Manasquan Inlet.
Photograph 9 - Red tide in Raritan Bay.
80
-------
Staten Island. Analysis of the samples showed an average cell
count of 122,667 Olisthodiscus luteus cells per ml of sample.
This is considered a heavy bloom. The red tide was visually ob-
served to persist in Raritan Bay through June 22.
On Friday, July 8 we received a report of red tide in a marina
at Atlantic City, New Jersey. The helicopter was dispatched to
investigate the report. A small red paint spill was found in the
marina (approximately 4 to 20 liters). No evidence of red tide
was observed in the ocean along the entire New Jersey coast to
Atlantic City.
On Saturday, July 9 red tide was observed in Raritan Bay. It
extended from just west of the Earle Pier to Sandy Hook. Photo-
graph 10 shows the red tide in the bay as it appeared in a boat
wake. A sample was collected off the end of Earle Pier and had a
count of 18,750 Olisthodiscus luteus cells per ml. This is a
fairly minor bloom. Also on July 9 a red tide bloom was observed
from Monmouth Beach to Long Branch. The bloom extended from the
surf zone out to approximately 15 km from shore. A sample col-
lected off Monmouth Beach had 40,625 Olisthodiscus luteus cells
per ml of sample. This was a moderate bloom.
On Friday, July 15 the EPA helicopter crew saw extensive red
tide blooms off Long Branch, New Jersey and in Sandy Hook Bay.
Photograph 11 shows the red tide off Long Branch. Samples were
collected; however, no cell counts were conducted over the weekend.
81
-------
•
••" • -^-af
X :•*
„••«.• * •—-» . I
-sb**"
"^^^^ ff '** ' -j.."-"***^: "•** '
Photograph 10
wake.
- Red tide in Raritan Bay as seen in a boat
-
Photograph 11 - Red tide off Long Branch, New Jersey.
82
-------
On Monday, July 18 red tide was observed from Seaside Park, north
to Point Pleasant. It appeared very dense at the Mantoloking
Bridge. A sample was collected in this dense area and analyzed.
The dominant organism was Massartia, a non-toxic red tide organ-
ism; however, no cell count was made.
On Thursday, July 21 the helicopter crew again observed a
dense red-brown discoloration in Sandy Hook Bay from Earle Pier to
Sandy Hook. The same red-brown color was also present in the mouth
of the Raritan River. A sample collected off Earle Pier showed
8,832 Massartia cells per ml, 300,900 nanoplankters per ml, 44,000
Euglena cells per ml, and 10,000 Olisthodiscus cells per ml.
On Saturday, July 23 the helicopter crew observed a bloom in
Sandy Hook Bay extending from Sandy Hook all the way to the mouth
of the Raritan River. No sample was taken since this was judged
to be the same bloom that had been present continuously for the
previous 1.5 months. Out in the ocean the red tide extended from
Sandy Hook to Seaside Heights. In the Seaside Heights area the
bloom appeared to disperse. Continuous red-brown water extended
from shore out 4 km to sea. The red tide in the surf zone off
Sandy Hook can be seen in Photograph 12. A scum and foam line
ranging from 10 to 30 meters wide and anywhere from the surf zone
to 3 km out was present throughout the length of the bloom. This
scum and foam line can be seen in Photograph 13. A sample was
collected east of Manasquan Inlet approximately 1.2 km offshore.
83
-------
Photograph 12
New Jersey.
- Red tide in the surf zone at Sandy Kook,
Photograph 13
New Jersey.
- Scum layer and red tide off Long Branch,
84
-------
A scan of the sample showed a nanoplankter (150,000 cells per ml)
to be dominant with a few Olisthodiscus, Massartia, and
Prorocentrum also present.
During the month of August, the only major red tide incident
was observed on August 8. It extended from Sandy Hook south to
Asbury Park and ranged from the shore out 2.5 km. It was very
patchy and not dense. A sample was collected; however, no cell
counts were performed.
In September the red tide was non-existent in the ocean or
Sandy Hook Bay. This is attributed to the cooling trend in the
weather that takes place in September.
A complete description of all red tide episodes is contained
in Appendix E.
Floatables
On June 7 the helicopter became fogged in at Fort Tilden, Long
Island and was forced to land on the beach. Considerable debris
covered the beach. Photographs 14 and 15 show this debris. Photo-
graph 14 shows a tampon inserter. These inserters, which float,
sporatically wash up on the Long Island and New Jersey beaches.
Their origin is believed to be sewage bypasses and/or untreated
sewage discharges from areas such as Manhattan Island or Brooklyn.
New York City has a combined sewerage system (sanitary and storm-
water flow through the same pipes). Whenever it rains heavily for
a few hours the sewage treatment plants cannot handle the large
85
-------
Photograph 14 - Tampon inserter and other debris on the
beach at Fort Tilden, Long Island.
Photograph 15
Long Island.
- Debris on the beach at Fort Tilden,
86
-------
stormwater flow; therefore, raw sewage is bypassed and discharged
without any treatment. Many areas in New Jersey also have the
same problem.
Photograph 15 shows reeds which frequently wash up onto
beaches. Reeds are constantly flushed out of tidal marshes by
exceptionally high tides and by storms. Although reeds do not
pose any health problem to bathers, they do present a cleanup
problem for the local shore municipalities.
On Wednesday, July 20 Nassau County closed some of its beaches
due to the washup of "sewage-related materials" and other debris.
The beaches were closed only long enough to clean them. Bacterio-
logical analyses indicated they were safe for swimming. Photo-
graph 16 shows some of the debris that washed up on Long Beach,
Long Island.
Floating garbage was seen in the Arthur Kill and Raritan Bay
on each day that the helicopter flew over these bodies of water.
The source appears to be the Fresh Kills Landfill in Staten Island,
New York.
Photograph 17 shows the barges which are used to carry garbage
from Manhattan to the Fresh Kills Landfill. When these barges are
unloaded, garbage spills into the river. Photographs 17, 18, and
19 all show garbage in the waterways surrounding the Fresh Kills
Landfill.
87
-------
-•r*:
n \v\.
Photograph 16 - Debris on the beach at Long Beach,
Long Island.
Photograph 17 - Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island - Barges
used for carrying garbage. Note garbage in water.
-------
Photograph 18 - Garbage in water by Fresh Kills Landfill,
Staten Island, Hew York.
Photograph 19 - Garbage in water, Fresh Kills Landfill,
Staten Island, New York.
89
-------
Scum Lines
On Friday, May 27 a scum line was observed in the Loveladies
to Ship Bottom region of New Jersey. The scum line was approxi-
mately 30 meters from shore, 100 to 130 meters wide, and 8 km
long. A sample of the material was collected and examined in the
laboratory. The sample contained detritus, probably the remnants
of an algal bloom.
On August 3 while sampling the beaches from Moriches Inlet to
Shinnecock Inlet, a brown frothy "scum layer" was noted extending
from the surf zone out 7 to 16 meters. Photographs 20 and 21 show
this layer quite clearly. A sample was collected and found to
contain detritus, possibly the remnant of a decaying algal bloom.
The samples collected that day in the surf were low in both total
and fecal coliform. Thus, the water was safe for swimming,
although it was aesthetically displeasing.
Governor Carey of New York flew over the same area on August 4
and observed the scum layer. He contacted New York State Depart-
ment of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and authorized them to
take action. NYSDEC contacted EPA and both agencies on August 5
sent helicopters to investigate. Upon arriving at the scene,
neither NYSDEC nor EPA could locate any trace of the "scum layer"
which was present on the two previous days.
New York City Power Failure
On Wednesday, July 13 in the late evening, a power failure
90
-------
Photograph 20 - Scum layer in the surf zone at the Hamptons,
Long Island.
Photograph 21
Long Island.
- Scum layer in the surf zone at the Hamptons,
91
-------
occurred in the New York City metropolitan area. During the power
failure, which lasted approximately 20 to 24 hours, New York City's
sewage treatment plants bypassed an estimated 3.5 million cubic
meters of raw sewage. Photograph 22 shows Rockaway Sewage Treat-
ment Plant. As can be seen from the photograph, the aerators in
the plant's activated sludge tanks were not functioning. Photo-
graph 23 shows raw sewage from one of New York City's sewage
treatment plants flowing towards the ocean. Because of the tremen-
dous volume of untreated sewage discharge during the power failure,
EPA increased the sampling frequencies of the Long Island and
New Jersey beaches to daily, through Monday, July 18. EPA also
sampled stations along Coney Island and Staten Island. The Coney
Island and Staten Island beaches had elevated coliform densities,
but this could not specifically be related to the power failure.
These beaches consistently have elevated values even when there is
no power failure. The results of the increased sampling of the
Long Island and New Jersey beaches are given in Appendix C. The
raw sewage discharge resulting from the power failure showed no
significant adverse effect on the water quality of the Long Island
and New Jersey beaches.
Virus Survey
In addition to the previously mentioned surveys conducted
during the summer of 1977 an ongoing viral assay and potential
92
-------
bacterial pathogen survey was continued in selected areas of the
Bight. Appendix F presents the results of the data collected to
date.
93
-------
Photograph 22 - Rockaway Sewage Treatment Plant, Rockaway,
Long Island. Note the aerators are not operating in the
activated sludge tanks due to the power failure.
Photograph 23 - Raw sewage from the Jamaica Sewage Treatment
Plant bypass, flowing toward the ocean.
94
-------
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; "Ocean Dumping in the New
York Bight - Facts and Figures", Surveillance and Analysis Divi-
sion, Region II, Edison, New Jersey, July 1973.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; "Briefing Report - Ocean
Dumping in the New York Bight Since 1973", Surveillance and
Analysis Division, Region II, Edison, New Jersey, April 1974.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; "Ocean Disposal in the
New York Bight: Technical Briefing Report, No. 1", Surveillance
and Analysis Division, Region II, Edison, New Jersey, July 1974.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; "Ocean Disposal in the New
York Bight: Technical Briefing Report No. 2", Surveillance and
Analysis Division, Region II, Edison, New Jersey, April 1975.
5. Duedall, I. W., H. B. O'Connors, J. H. Parker, R. E. Wilson and
A. S. Robbins, 1977; "The Abundances, Distribution and Flux of
Nutrients and Chlorophyll a_ in the New York Bight Apex, Estuarine
and Coastal Marine Science, 5_, pp 81-105.
-------
APPENDIX A
Dissolved Oxygen Values Recorded
in the New York Bight
May 1 - September 30, 1977
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/17/77
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/16/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
47
02
47
02
47
02
47
02
47
02
47
02
47
02
47
02
47
NYB20
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mR/1)
10.1
7.3
10.2
11.2
10.40
9.10
9.1
4.9
6.75
6.75
7.10
3.85
7.55
4.70
8.35
3.80
6.70
3.70
Temperature
(°C)
18.0
15.0
17.0
16.0
19.0
17.0
19.0
24.5
21.0
17.0
24.5
18.5
22.1
20.4
23.5
16.5
19.1
15.6
A-l
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
J> amp led
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/16/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
88
02
88
02
88
02
88
02
88
02
88
02
88
02
88
NYB22
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
10.2
9.6
8.35
6.70
8.8
3.9
8.10
A. 95
8.20
A. 55
7.65
4.65
7.55
4.00
6.35
2.85
Temperature
(°0
16.5
16.4
19.0
14.5
24.5
14.0
22.0
16.1
19.5
17.5
22.0
16.5
22.5
14.5
20.0
15.5
A-2
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/16/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
125
02
125
02
125
02
125
02
125
02
125
02
125
02
125
NYB24
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mR/1)
11.15
8.50
10.45
7.50
8.8
5.5
9.00
5.25
8.10
4.25
7.20
4.70
7.70
4.05
5.75
4.05
Temperature
(°C)
17.0
15.8
20.0
14.6
25.5
15.0
21.5
15.8
24.0
14.5
20.3
17.0
23.0
14.0
20.1
15.2
A-3
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/16/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
NYB26
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
9.95
8.80
10.05
5.70
9.1
4.8
7.90
7.10*
7.80
3.70
7.65
4.60
7.70
4.40
7.15
5.05
Temperature
(°c>
17.2
15.8
21.0
16.9
26.0
17.0
20.7
20.5*
24.0
15.0
22.0
17.3
23.5
15.5
20.2
14.1
* Data Suspect
A-4
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/16/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
84
02
84
02
84
02
84
02
84
02
84
02
84
02
84
JC14C
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/l)
9.25
8.80
8.35
8.95
7.3
5.8
7.55
6.80*
7.75
5.30
7.65
5.75
7.00
4.60
7.45
5.15
Temperature
<°c>
17.2
14.8
21.0
17.0
25.5
16.5
22.0
21.0*
23.8
15.0
22.3
18.2
23.0
15.5
20.2
15.5
* Data Suspect
A-5
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
JC14A
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mR/1)
8.90
8.0
12.15
7.65
8.6
4.2
9.15
6.05
8.50
5.25
7.35
4.60
7.35
3.80
7.60
7.15
Temperature
(°0
16.8
13.0
9.9
15.0
16.0
25.0
21.5
14.5
24.2
15.8
22.9
15.8
21.0
16.0
20.5
19.2
A-6
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
120
02
120
02
120
02
120
02
120
02
120
02
120
02
120
JC14B
Dissolved
Oxygen
Cms/1)
9.15
7.85
10.20
7.30
7.6
6.2
8.10
6.50
7.55
5.35
7.55
A. 65
7.30
5.40
4.75
4.80
Temperature
(°C)
17.2
14.8
20.5
15.0
19.0
25.5
22.0
15.0
24.1
14.1
22.7
15.0
22.5
15.5
20.0
15.0
A-7
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/13/77
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
46
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
JC14P
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
6.90
5.25
10.30
7.60
10.75
8.55
11.8
4.0
7.70
4.75
8.10
6.10
7.50
2.30
7.50
6.25
7.35
3.55
Temperature
<°0
17.2
15.1
17.0
14.0
19.2
17.0
17.0
24.9
21.0
16.0
24.0
15.5
22.7
17.0
22.0
20.5
19.8
17.9
A-8
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
JC27A
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.80
8.95
8.40
7.05
8.0
4.3
8.40
5.70
7.85
5.40
7.55
3.80
8.50
3.35
7.40
3.85
Temperature
(°0
16.1
14.9
19.0
15.2
25.5
17.0
21.8
13.5
24.0
12.0
23.0
18.5
22.0
15.0
20.7
16.2
A-9
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
96
02
96
02
96
02
96
02
96
02
96
02
96
JC27B
Dissolved
Oxygen
(tng/1)
8.85
9.55
9.50
7.30
8.85
7.15
6.10
6.05
7.55
5.30
7.45
4.55
6.90
6.35
Temperature
(°0
18.0
14.0
21.0
15.0
21.8
15.5
23.5
14.0
23.1
16.5
23.0
16.0
20.2
19.6
A-10 ,
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
S amaled
6/21/77
6/30/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
102
02
102
02
102
02
102
02
102
02
102
02
102
JC27C
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ma/1)
8.90
8.20
8.50
9.10
7.65
7.10
5.50
3.10
7.50
5.50
7.40
4.70
7.55
3.10
Temperature
(°C>
17.3
13.0
20.5
15.5
22.0
15.7
23.9
16.0
22.4
15.0
23.0
16.0
20.5
15.2
A-ll
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/13/77
6/21/77
6/30/77
7/21/77
8/4/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/1/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
02
46
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
JC27P
Dissolved
Oxygen
7.0
5.3
11.35
6.20
10.10
7.40
9.1
4.4
8.10
5.20
9.10
4.30
7.55
3.50
_
7.80
2.55
Temperature
17.5
14.0
17.2
14.3
19.0
16.0
24.0
12.5
21.0
17.2
25.5
12.8
22.8
17.0
_
20.1
15.0
A-12
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station JC41P
Date
Sampled
6/13/77
6/21/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/17/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
46
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
02
50
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ms/l)
8.7
6.8
9.50
8.95
10.25
3.75
8.55
3.80
7.50
3.70
5.05
2.10
Temperature
17.0
14.0
16.2
14.0
23.1
15.8
25.0
18.2
23.0
15.8
21.0
16.0
A-13
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station JC41A
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/17/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
63
02
63
02
63
02
63
02
63
Dissolved
Oxygen
(me/1)
8.65
8.40
9.15
3.75
7.00
2.65
6.90
4.70
4.35
2.95
Temperature
16.0
13.0
22.5
14.9
24.8
16.0
22.4
16.1
21.0
16.5
A-14
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station JC41B
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/17/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
9.05
8.60
7.95
7.80
6.55
5.75
7.60
4.80
6.25
3.35
Temperature
16.8
13.0
23.0
15.2
24.8
17.5
22.6
16.3
21.0
16.0
A-15
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station JC41C
Date
Samp led
6/21/77
6/30/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/17/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
96
02
96
02
96
02
96
02
96
02
96
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
9.55
9.15
8.07
8.10
7.85
5.55
6.65
5.70
7.50
4.80
7.40
2.80
Temperature
17.2
14.0
20.5
15.0
22.0
14.0
24.5
18.5
22.0
16.4
21.0
15.0
A-16
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Date
Sampled
6/13/77
6/21/77
6/30/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/17/77
Station
Depth
(ft.)
02
64
02
68
02
68
02
68
02
68
02
68
02
68
JC47P
Dissolved
Oxygen
(IHR/I)
9.8
7.7
9.10
8.25
8.55
7.75
10.85
3.50
8.75
3.90
7.75
3.80
7.25
2.60
Temperature
(°c>
17.1
14.0
16.8
14.0
18.0
16.0
23.0
14.4
25.2
16.5
22.5
16.4
21.0
16.0
A-17
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station JC47A
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/17/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
70
02
70
02
70
02
70
02
70
02
70
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/D
8.70
8.40
8.30
8.55
8.45
3.55
5.00
2.20
7.45
4.05
7.15
2.45
Temperature
17.0
14.8
19.0
15.0
23.0
14.9
24.0
15.5
22.1
16.2
21.0
16.0
A-18
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station JC47B
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
9/17/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
02
72
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.80
9.05
8.25
9.15
7.60
4.95
8.00
4.65
7.25
4.95
8.15
3.40
Temperature
17.0
13.2
18.8
16.0
23.5
15.1
19.5
15.0
22.4
15.6
21.0
16.0
A-19
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station JC47C
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
6/30/77
8/5/77
8/11/77
8/19/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
108
02
108
02
108
02
108
02
108
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/D
9.55
8.85
7.85
8.50
6.80
5.50
7.90
5.20
7.70
4.90
Temperature
17.2
13.8
20.2
15.0
23.5
14.2
24.2
14.6
22.3
16.0
A-20
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC02P
Date
Sampled
6/13/77
6/30/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
40
02
40
02
40
02
40
02
40
02
40
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ma/I)
6.2
7.3
9.05
6.90
7.50
5.35
8.8
5.9
7.50
3.80
7.05
6.65
Temperature
15.0
14.5
14.8
12.8
16.5
14.5
25.0
22.0
18.1
19.5
19.0
A-21
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC02A
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
02
48
02
48
02
48
02
48
02
48
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
10.50
7.95
8.45
6.75
8.9
5.8
6.90
4.50
5.70
3.40
Temperature
15.8
13.0
14.0
18.0
24.0
16.0
22.0
18.3
19.7
16.2
A-22
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC02B
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
48
02
AS
02
48
02
48
02
48
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ma/1)
11.20
8.55
8.40
7.05
8.8
5.3
7.15
4.70
5.75
3.60
Temperature
17.0
15.0
18.0
17.5
21.5
16.0
22.8
18.2
19.2
15.2
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC02C
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
11.20
7.35
9.10
6.15
6.9
5.6
9.45
5.95
5.30
3.80
Temperature
16.9
13.0
19.0
16.0
22.0
16.0
23.5
17.8
18.8
15.1
A-24
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station NYB40
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
A3
02
43
02
43
02
43
Dissolved
Oxygen
7.35
7.75
8.10
6.85
8.5
3.8
7.50
3.65
Temperature
13.0
14.0
17.5
17.0
25.0
18.5
19.0
17.3
A-25
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station NYB42
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
75
02
75
02
75
02
75
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
12.00
12.20
8.75
5.90
7.9
5.7
8.35
4.30
Temperature
16.5
16.2
16.0
14.2
25.5
19.5
20.0
15.8
A-26
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station NYB44
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
93
02
93
02
93
02
93
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/D
11.40
8.60
9.00
7.30
9.2
4.4
8.40
3.70
Temperature
17.6
14.0
17.5
13.5
24.5
16.0
19.8
15.2
A-27
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station NYB25
Date
Sampled
6/21/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
78
02
78
02
78
02
78
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mR/1)
11.20
8.60
9.00
5.75
8.7
7.1
5.10
3.55
Temperature
17.0
13.2
18.0
13.0
25.0
20.0
20.0
16.5
A-28
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC09P
Date
Sampled
6/13/77
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
46
02
46
02
46
02
46
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.7
7.9
8.80
6.45
8.2
6.0
9.15
2.80
Temperature
15.5
13.0
18.5
16.0
20.0
18.0
19.8
16.0
A-29
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC09A
Date
Sampled
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
60
02
60
02
60
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
9.00
8.10
8.3
8.8
8.35
3.05
Temperature
19.0
17.8
25.0
22.0
20.0
15.5
A-30
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC09B
Date
Sampled
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
66
02
66
02
66
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
9.35
6.95
7.9
7.3
8.50
4.00
Temperature
16.0
13.5
23.5
22.0
20.0
16.0
A-31
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC09C
Date
Sampled
7/1/77
7/21/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
72
02
72
02
72
Dissolved
Oxygen
9.45
6.20
8.1
8.4
7.75
4.20
Temperature
15.5
13.0
25.0
17.0
20.0
16.5
A-32
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC14P
Date
Sampled
6/13/77
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
49
02
49
02
43
02
43
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.7
8.1
8.7
6.4
7.75
6.70
9.30
3.55
Temperature
15.2
14.1
24.0
17.5
22.0
17.0
20.1
17.2
A-33
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC1AA
Date
Sampled
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
60
02
60
02
60
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mp/1)
8.5
6.0
9.00
6.35
9.10
2.80
Temperature
25.0
17.0
22.3
17.2
20.2
17.0
A-34
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC14B
Date
Sampled
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
72
02
72
02
72
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
14.6
8.9
9.85
4.70
7.60
2.00
Temperature
25.0
21.0
23.2
16.5
20.5
15.5
A-35
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC14C
Date
Sampled
7/21/77
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
78
02
78
02
78
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.1
8.3
9.20
5.15
7.20
4.15
Temperature
26.0
18.0
23.5
17.0
20.7
15.1
A-36
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC16P
Dissolved
Date Depth Oxygen Temperature
Sampled (ft.)
8/12/77 02 7.85 22.1
43 6.85 17.2
9/18/77 02 6.70 20.0
43 6.00 15.8
A-37
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC16B
Dissolved
Date Depth Oxygen Temperature
Sampled (ft.) (mg/1) (°C)
8/12/77 02 7.80 22.0
69 6.40 17.5
9/18/77 02 8.60 20.5
69 6.25 15.0
A-38
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC16C
Date
Sampled
8/12/77
9/18/77
Depth
(ft.)
02
84
02
84
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
9.10
6.35
8.90
6.25
Temperature
23.0
16.5
21.0
15.8
A-39
-------
Perpendicular Stations
Station LIC16A
Dissolved
Date Depth Oxygen Temperature
Sampled (ft.) (mg/1) (°C)
8/12/77 02 7.75 22.0
72 6.50 16.8
9/18/77 02 8.50 20.2
72 5.95 16.0
A-40
-------
APPENDIX B
Dissolved Oxygen Data Collected
by the New York City Department
of Environmental Protection—
Summer 1977
-------
Bottom Dissolved Oxygen Values vs. Date & Station
New York Bight-New York City Samples
June July
August
September October Total
Station
EPA/NYC 29 14 20 28 3 10 23 30 7 15 22 29 12 20
NYB40
NYB41
NYB42
NYB43
NYB45
NYB35
NYB34
NYB20
NYB21
NYB22
NYB24
- W5 + ....+*. +
- W4 . .. + .+ + + +
_ W3 * + *, + . .
- W2 . . + ...+ + ft . * .
-Dl . .*...+.*.+. ..
-D2 . . + ... + .*.*. * .
- D3 **++.. + .
- W9 . .++. + .++
- W8 . . + ..+ + + +
- W7 + +
- W6 + ft +
• • T^ • • • • I • • • • •
No.
Samples
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
No.
3-4
3
5
2
3
2
2
3
5
5
2
1
No.
2-3
1
0
2
2
2
3
2
0
0
0
1
. = DO >4
+ = DO 3 to 4
* = DO 2 to 3
Blank = No sample that date
B-l
-------
APPENDIX C
Bacteriological Water Quality Data,
New Jersey and Long Island Beach Stations
Summer 1977
-------
BEACHES
Station JC01A
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
14
10
5
3
0
2
3
4
28
2
4
12
8
8
12
14
16
7
3
144
11
172
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
8
1
4
C-l
-------
BEACHES
Station JC01A
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
232
7
3
8
132
164
128
15 •
18
31
60
24
11
(MF/100 ml)
28
0
0
1
5
2
9
0
0
3
1
4
2
C-2
-------
BEACHES
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
inni
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
Station JC02
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
14
14
9
8
0
1
3
3
2
1
3
6
2
20
6
4
21
20
8
148
27
66
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
10
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
8
r.-3
-------
BEACHES
Station JC02
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
28
5
9
17
41
7
46
5 '
28
21
8
72
16
(MF/100 ml)
5
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
3
0
2
5
C-4
-------
BEACHES
Station JC03
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
1121111
(MF/100 ml)
7
4
4
7
0
2
2
2
1
1
6
24
0
14
6
6
2
0
4
6
11
16
(MF/100 ml)
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0 •
1
10
C-5
-------
BEACHES
Station JC03
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
25
2
7
7
79
22
46
22 '
84
7
2
208
3
(MF/100 ml)
5
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
5
1
0
14
0
C-6
-------
BEACHES
Station JC05
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
5
5
1
5
3
32
2
2
0
2
5
16
0
8
4
4
4
1
3
9
8
2
3
3
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
C-7
-------
BEACHES
Station JC05
Total Colifortn
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
12
2
4
6
25
5
21
11
22
17
7
460
9
(MF/100 ml)
4
0
0
3
3
0
2
3
1
0
0
9
1
C-8
-------
BEACHES
Station JC08
Date Samoled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
3
2
0
20
2
1
6
7
2
1
52
28
18
12
7
2
6
4
0
6
24
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
C-9
-------
BEACHES
Station JC08
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
7
5
21
11
11
23
26
6 '
38
3
124
40
29
(MF/100 ml)
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
3
3
C-10
-------
BEACHES
Station JC11
Date Samoled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
inni
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
1
4
1
1
0
1
0
1
2
2
12
32
11
16
14
30
3
3
4
7
12
8
Oil
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
2
5
2
3
1
1
0
0
-------
BEACHES
Station JC11
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
32
6
8
84
2
7
42
10 '
4
2
21
92
8
3
0
0
5
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
14
2
C-12
-------
BEACHES
Station JC14
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
5
3
1
2
4
5
0
2
4
0
20
28
6
39
3
2
3
1
3
9
12
8
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
4
2
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
C-13
-------
BEACHES
Station JC14
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
14
4
22
8
400
33
144
4 '
1020
20
92
116
44
(MF/100 ml)
7
0
0
0
31
1
4
0
39
5
0
23
16
C-14
-------
BEACHES
Station JC21
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
(MF/100 ml)
4
3
44
2
3
8
4
0
6
1
3
8
13
7
16
4
8
3
4
12
25
9
(MF/100 ml)
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
1
C-15
-------
BEACHES
Station JC21
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
45
4
40
840
1320
33
420
8 '
520
30
248
192
108
(MF/100 ml)
9
1
0
7
83
4
36
1
18
0
3
24
9
C-16
-------
BEACHES
Station JC24
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
1125111
7/27/77
(MF/100 ml)
3
6
0
1
44
56
64
2
3
2
4
54
21
11
4
0
1
22
4
5
13
140
(MF/100 ml)
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
4
1
1
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
6
C-17
-------
BEACHES
Station JC24
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
132
9
41
60
9
0
120
9
22
-
60
312
1040
(MF/100 ml)
44
1
0
2
0
0
3
1
1
-
0
38
104
C-18
-------
BEACHES
Station JC27
Date Samoled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliforra
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
0
2
1
2
12
3
5
1
5
16
3
48
4
3
1
9
6
7
1820
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
1
0
4
1
0
268
4
C-19
-------
BEACHES
Station JC27
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(HF/100 ml)
80
20
33
84
84
25
96
17 '
100
112
27
184
60
(MF/100 ml)
12
1
1
2
7
1
6
0
3
9
1
7
3
C-20
-------
BEACHES
Station JC30
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
112111
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
(MF/100 ml)
4
2
1
1
2
0
0
1
1
1
4
28
8
10
6
9
2
3
4
3
20
13
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
C-21
-------
BEACHES
Station JC30
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(HF/100 ml)
100
3
15
28
5
1
216
1 '
28
116
84
92
16
(MF/100 ml)
12
0
1
2
0
0
8
0
0
5
0
5
2
C-22
-------
BEACHES
Station JC33
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/2A/77
7/25/77
mini
240
54
25
1
1
2
0
0
2
0
1
108
14
112
12
4
0
4
54
4
17
8
0
6
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
9
2
4
0
2
0
0
4
0
1
1
C-23
-------
BEACHES
Station JC33
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
88
24
6
120
2600
21
192
11
8
28
28
56
23
(MF/100 ml)
15
1
2
5
144
2
3
0
0
3
0
3
1
C-24
-------
BEACHES
Station JC37
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(NF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
5
6
13
0
56
0
0
0
1
0
16
4
42
6
10
16
44
6
2
5
60
42
1
2
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
20
0
3
3
21
0
0
0
2
9
C-25
-------
BEACHES
Station JC37
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
288
7
19
2
248
152
340
10 '
7
500
116
112
_
(MF/100 ml)
92
0
1
0
41
22
45
0
3
42
15
15
_
C-26
-------
BEACHES
Station JC41
Date Sampled
Total Coliforn
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
0
10
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
10
11
12
14
21
15
24
1
1
6
3
84
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
C-27
-------
BEACHES
Station JC41
Total ColLform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
41
1
2
A
14
200
232
1
16
22
16
36
188
(MF/100 ml)
18
0
0
0
0
30
8
0
2
0
3
8
9
C-28
-------
BEACHES
Station JC44
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
3
5
25
12
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
28
12
18
6
12
4
2
16
1
124
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
7
1
22
0
C-29
-------
BEACHES
Station JC44
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
49
0
3
2
3
3
208
0
5
148
7
92
132
(MF/100 ml)
22
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
1
7
1
1
1
0-30
-------
BEACHES
Station JC47A
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
2
1
7
1
0
2
0
0
1
6
4
11
1
112
14
6
1
0
21
5
152
6
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
3
0
2
3
C-31
-------
BEACHES
Station JC47A
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
60
0
0
3
10
16
116
1
40
23
15
7
96
21
0
0
0
0
1
6
0
3
2
1
2
1
C-32
-------
BEACHES
Station JC49
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
5/23/77
6/27/77
112111
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
(MF/100 ml)
420
1
24
1
0
0
0
1
8
1
6
9
13
9
3
1
2
1
23
4
244
4
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
1
0
0
1
0
4
0
4
0
C-33
-------
BEACHES
Station JC49
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
27
0
3
5
12
18
38
4 '
44
-
13
6
88
(MF/100 ml)
11
0
0
1
1
4
1
0
17
-
0
0
2
C-34
-------
BEACHES
Station JC53
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
1121111
(MF/100 ml)
1080
10
5
10
2
0
1
0
6
0
16
8
2
18
20
68
1
47
22
69
27
2
(MF/100 ml)
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
4
4
4
1
7
3
4
0
7
4
0
0
0
C-35
-------
BEACHES
Station JC53
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
56
2
104
44
13
25
3620
2 '
28
11
11
40
540
(MF/100 ml)
22
1
1
2
0
1
12
0
4
1
0
5
8
C-36
-------
BEACHES
Station JC55
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/24/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
6
13
4
2
0
6
16
0
2
26
840
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
C-37
-------
BEACHES
Station JC55
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
7/30/77
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
49
0
18
1
0
10
820
1
3
1
3
4
308
(MF/100 ml)
12
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
1
0
0
0
3
C-38
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC01
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
2
0
3
8
1
0
2
0
2
0
8
1
2
3
0
104
4
11
1
460
10
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
84
2
C-39
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC01
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
2
5
12
2
44
80
21
3
26
11
11
13
(MF/100 ml)
0
1
0
0
3
19
11
1
13
0
4
7
C-40
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC02
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
mm
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
4
4
2
34
3
0
1
1
12
0
8
2
3
6
2
200
36
20
2
228
9
(MF/100 ml)
2
2
0
2
1
0
0
1
4
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
58
0
C-41
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC02
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
8
8
7
2
172
132
120
25 '
84
14
84
28
2
1
0
0
20
42
40
5
21
2
13
14
C-42
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC03
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
em/n
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
4
5
8
48
2
1
6
4
1
0
14
9
11
46
3
128
48
8
11
184
68
(MF/100 ml)
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
8
1
0
39
11
C-43
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC03
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
6
26
5
84
760
480
80
29 '
22
440
32
24
(MF/100 ml)
0
8
0
24
224
152
11
5
1
20
1
3
C-44
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC04
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
1
0
1
44
2
4
3
3
112
0
3
16
192
84
600
15
2
28
7
32
28
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
16
0
0
2
84
35
316
4
1
5
1
3
1
C-45
-------
BEACHES
Station HC04
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
1380
260
19
80
108
560
16
84 '
29
108
112
64
(MF/100 ml)
560
132
2
3
30
180
2
20
5
14
5
13
C-46
-------
BEACHES
Date Samoled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
Station LIC05
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
4
1
7
40
5
2
11
2
312
10
11
3
28
4
4
4
8
820
5
13
29
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
2
1
0
3
0
1
1
0
16
0
0
1
21
1
2
4
0
52
3
1
0
C-47
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC05
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
88
32
7
100
180
23
18
40 '
10
32
5
36
(MF/100 ml)
5
2
0
9
12
6
7
5
1
1
0
1
C-A8"
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC07
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
10
1
3
9
2
6
1
0
1
0
12
4
2
1
0
4
1
6
8
28
24
(MF/100 ml)
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
2
2
C-49
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC07
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
40
6
12
18
25
92
9
8
92
7
13
17
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
1
2
0
11
0
3
2
1
1
9
C-50
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC08
Date Samoled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
mini
7/30/77
8/3/77
8
2
20
52
2
0
2
5
20
1
6
4
1
36
5
440
0
28
5
16
7
4
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
6
0
1
2
0
7
1
5
0
3
4
5
0
C-51
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC08
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
5
21
2
120
240
560
20
6
60
18
44
16
(MF/100 ml)
0
2
1
7
23
22
2
1
5
0
8
4
C-52
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC09
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
24
4
17
14
16
19
5
12
56
23
4
11
6
3
9
3
0
16
10
44
36
(MF/100 ml)
9
2
0
2
2
4
0
1
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
0
2
6
6
1
C-53
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC09
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
24
20
5
40
92
128
22
2
84
54
88
20
(MF/100 ml)
5
0
0
2
10
15
5
0
0
0
12
1
C-S4
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC10
Total ColLform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
20
1
3
24
62
116
30
8
16
0
3
3
4
1
10
3
0
16
10
8
31
(MF/100 ml)
12
0
0
0
5
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
2
6
1
4
C-55
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC10
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
27
18
6
20
300
136
28
68
52
84
84
112
(MF/100 ml)
3
1
0
3
4
14
5
8
2
6
16
9
C-56
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC12
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/12/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
mini
7/30/77
8/3/77
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
13
1
2
1
12
0
4
1
6
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
C-57
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC12
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
' 8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
3
9
0
4
12
42
32
1 '
1
2
68
4
(MF/100 ml)
0
1
0
1
0
13
13
0
0
0
6
0
C-58
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC13
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
4
1
2
3
4
1
0
2
36
0
2
1
1
1
4
24
0
3
1
12
4
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
C-59
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC13
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77 '
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
1
3
7
16
7
21
8
8
8
13
72
20
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
3
1
4
24
2
C-60
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC14
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
min
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
0
1
0
4
0
0
1
4
12
0
1
3
2
3
4
84
4
4
0
14
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
5
1
C-61
-------
REACHES
Station LIC14
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(ML-/100 ml)
2
3
3
2
20
180
5
7
20
3
32
0
(MF/100 ml)
1
1
0
0
0
7
3
0
0
1
0
0
C-62
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC15
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
1
0
2
11
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
7
28
1
3
1
9
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
0
C-63
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC15
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
4
2
1
3
44
620
3
4 '
0
8
10
12
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
4
43
1
2
0
3
3
0
C-64
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC16
Date Samoled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/27/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/25/77
7/27/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
0
0
0
10
4
3
0
3
8
4
3
12
3
0
8
1
11
8
0
23
18
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
1
5
2
0
2
0
3
3
0
4
3
C-65
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC16
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/22/77
8/25/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/7/77
(MF/100 ml)
27
21
20
51
1020
480
58
2
6
7
44
8
(MF/100 ml)
4
6
5
8
88
28
4
0
1
0
11
1
C-66
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC17
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
6/28/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
1
0
4
2
18
8
C-67
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
1
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC17
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
0
2
2
2
6
84
4
2 '
0
5
6
0
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
0
0
0
2
0
C-68
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC18
Total Colifortn
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
6/28/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
2
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
15
0
3
1
10
8
(MF/100 ml)
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
C-69
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC18
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
3
7
3
5
52
124
5
7 '
18
5
16
2
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
1
1
2
45
2
1
0
2
4
1
C-70
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC19
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
6/28/77
mni
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
1
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
1
2
4
0
0
4
4
1
8
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
C-71
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC19
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
0
1
2
13
29
96
2
6 '
0
2
16
11
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
3
23
1
1
0
0
1
1
C-72
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC20
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
6/28/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/14/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
3
5
0
1
0
0
12
0
0
4
0
3
0
1
0
1
4
2
6
0
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
C-73
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC20
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
0
2
2
6
64
88
5
10 '
2
5
52
6
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
1
0
14
0
5
0
1
0
3
C-74
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC21
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
6/28/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
16
0
0
3
1
2
0
20
0
7
1
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
10
0
1
0
C-75
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC21
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
16
0
3
48
96
340
0
22
2
3
10
5
2
0
0
0
9
20
0
6
0
0
1
3
C-76
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC22
Date Samoled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
6/28/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
0
6
2
2
3
0
0
0
12
1
0
5
1
2
0
8
0
20
0
11
0
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
C-77
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC22
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
3
3
5
100
120
64
0
16
2
11
32
3
(MF/100 ml)
1
0
0
2
2
3
0
1
1
0
1
1
C-78
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC23
Date Samoled
Total Coliform
(NF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(HF/10Q ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
6/28/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
2
0
2
3
1
8
0
1
8
12
0
1
5
1
0
2
7
17
8
2
32
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
3
6
1
0
0
C-79
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC23
Total. Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
128
108
78
26
188
88
84
580
32
9
14
5
(MF/100 ml)
3
0
0
2
7
3
3
168
0
3
0
1
C-80
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC24
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
2
0
1
3
3
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
21
0
5
0
(MF/100 ml)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
C-81
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC24
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
7
4
1
4
3
10
0
260
0
4
0
7
(MF/100 ml)
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
96
0
1
0
3
C-82
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC25
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
0
2
0
8
2
0
0
1
0
9
2
100
0
1
0
0
4
0
2
1
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
C-83
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC25
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/23/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
1
1
4
44
51
36
1
1 '
0
3
0
2
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
1
0
6
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
C-84
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC26
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Samoled
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
mni
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
(MF/100 ml)
1
1
3
1
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
3
0
12
1
16
2
8
0
(MF/100 ml)
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
3
0
C-85
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC26
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
6
0
1
20
84
88
2
4 "
9
0
0
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
1
15
1
1
0
0
0
0
C-86
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC27
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 nl)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77 .
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
8/3/77
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
12
3
1
1
0
4
0
2
15
0
1
9
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
5
0
C-87
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC27
Total Coliform
Fecal Co]iform
Date Sampled
8/6/77
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
(MF/100 ml)
9
12
3
24
68
124
4
1
6
2
1
(MF/100 ml)
1
2
0
0
7
18
2
0
2
0
0
C-88
-------
BEACHES
Station LIC28
Date Sampled
Total Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
6/2/77
6/4/77
6/6/77
6/18/77
6/20/77
6/22/77
6/24/77
7/2/77
7/6/77
7/9/77
7/11/77
7/16/77
7/17/77
7/18/77
7/20/77
7/23/77
7/26/77
7/28/77
7/30/77
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
1
0
A
0
0
0
9
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
8/6/77
C-89
-------
Date Sampled
8/8/77
8/10/77
8/13/77
8/15/77
8/17/77
8/20/77
8/26/77
8/27/77
8/31/77
9/8/77
BEACHES
Station LIC28
Total Coliform
(My/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
1
1
2
3
14
0
8
0 '
3
1
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
0
C-90
-------
APPENDIX D
Water Quality Data
New York Bight Apex-
Summer 1977
-------
NEU YORK BIGHT
Station. .NYB20
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygon
(rc/1)
4.0
3.10
12.00
5.50
8.1
5.5
11.50
6.16
7.75
5.10
9.50
3.20
7.65
2.90
7.35
4.30
Temperature
13.7
13.6
20.0
16.0
20.5
15.0
24.0
20.0
21.4
16.3
28.0
17.5
22.5
16.0
20.0
16.2
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
4
0
1
0
7
6
2
*
2
25
5
3
21
15
10
400
Fecal
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
(mfs/l)
13960
15090
15200
16100
13333
15000
15000
15690
14419
15349
14528
16038
15741
16111
14423
15385
TOC
(mR/1)
4.16
2.77
5.07
1.97
2.99
1.52
4.64
2.13
-
-
4.90
0.83
2.75
1.56
2.77
1.73
TSS
12
17
22
9
11
7
13
3
-
-
18
2
26
13
18
23
Total-P
.061
.032
.058
.042
.073
.054
.083
.029
.105
.054
.106
.056
.019
.070
.052
.055
Total
PO^-P
.033
.019
.018
.034
.044
.049
.035
.020
.078
.048
.066
.057
< .01
.068
.052
.061
NH3-tl
.045
.032
.021
.083
.045
.074
.027
.027
.107
.080
.083
.102
<.02
.038
.114
.095
110 -N
.024
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
< .01
<.01
< .01
<.01
.019
<.01
.028
•c.Ol
< .01
•c.Ol
.041
.016
NO, -I!
(n.g/1)
.070
.02K
.02K
.02K
.074
.02
.02
.023
.096
.032
.122
.029
<.02
.038
.177
.103
S10,
.276
.223
.157
.424
.262
.524
.693
.693
1.076
1.251
1.052
1.757
.553
1.700
.645
1.436
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB21
Dace
S 3 rnp led
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/21/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
0 Deep
KJ
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
3.90
3.90
8.90
5.00
8.65
7.00
9.70
4.40
6.4
5.6
6.90
4.70
11.80
4.00
7.90
3.05
6.15
3.40
Temperature
12.4
9.9
19.5
12.0
21.0
17.0
23.0
13.5
18.8
9.3
21.2
15.8
24.5
15.0
22.5
14.1
19.1
14.5
Total
Collform
(MTV 100 ml)
3
9
2
0
0
10
65
3
-
-
23
2
2
4
12
26
30
500
Fecal
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
• i
-
-
7
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
(mR/1)
15090
15660
15400
16200
14167
15000
15172
16552
-
-
14651
15581
14906
16226
15741
16111
14423
15577
TOC
(me/1)
2.86
2.47
4.45
1.30
3.26
1.53
3.39
1.80
-
-
-
-
• 5.09
1.26
2.42
2.06
2.64
1.83
TSS
(mg/1)
2
6
6
22
23
7
21
8
-
-
-
-
26
10
3
23
22
10
Total-P
(mg/1)
.035
.026
.052
.042
.052
.031
.065
.047
-
-
.084
.046
.091
.045
.017
.076
.073
.053
Total
PO -P
(mg/1)
.030
.028
.025
.039
.022
.024
.035
.051
-
-
.073
.042
.040
.045
.017
.076
.074
.059
NH3-N N02-N
(mg/1) (mR/1)
.045 .OIK
.025 .OIK
.028 .OIK
.102 .OIK
<.02 <.01
.026 <.01
.023 <.01
.083 <.01
-
-
.127 .016
.073 <.01
.022 .019
.090 <.01
<.02 <.01
.031 <.01
.203 .029
.045 .032
N03-H
(mg/1)
.033
. 02K
.026
.026
<.02
<.02
.026
.040
-
-
.083
.025
.048
.029
<.02
.031
.170
.163
S10
(ir.e/i;
.303
.371
.220
.565
.265
.345
.729
1.523
-
-
1.041
1.356
.981
1.404
.595
1.615
.869
1.677
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Stacion NYB22
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
0
li, 8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.40
7.80
10.75
5.75
8.50
5.35
8.45
4.53
8.3
5.6
8.40
5.00
10.65
4.15
7.85
3.10
6.80
4.50
Temperature
15.0
15.2
19.0
13.0
21.5
13.0
24.0
14.0
19.9
13.0
21.5
13.1
24.0
14.0
21.0
14.0
19.8
14.0
Total
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
15
0
1
3
25
1
8
-
-
1
1
9
2
3
12
132
520
Fecal
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
-
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
1
«
(mR/1)
15660
15660
15400
16400
14333
15333
15345
16552
-
-
15116
15814
15094
16226
15741
16111
14808
15385
TOC
(niR/1)
1.83
2.50
3.90
4.52
2.52
3.59
3.25
1.38
-
-
-
-
3.88
1.75
2.58
1.85
2.22
1.67
TSS
(mR/1)
6
7
14
18
15
14
7
30
-
-
-
-
23
19
28
22
19
28
Total-P
(mR/1)
.018
.024
.037
.032
.038
.043
.038
.044
-
-
.046
.046
.062
.047
.017
.052
.057
.046
Total
P°4~l
.014
.021
.012
.027
.017
.040
.017
.051
-
-
.017
.039
.031
.050
<.01
.054
.057
.052
NH -N NO -N
(mg/1) (mR/1)
.02K .OIK
.038 .OIK
.02K .OIK
.083 .OIK
.020 <.01
.065 <.01
.030 <.01
.089 <.01
-
-
<.02 <.01
.066 <.01
.028 .013
.108 <.01
<.02 <.01
.118 <.01
.139 .013
.020 .026
(me/1)
.02K
.02K
.02K
.026
<.02
<.02
.031
.043
-
-
<.02
.032
.035
.042
<.02
.031
.129
.190
S10
(mg/i:
.142
.223
.173
.471
.234
.427
.512
1.379
-
-
.762
1.391
.840
1.616
.553
1.615
.679
1.643
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB23
Date
Samp led
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
0 Deep
1
*• 8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/l)
8.60
6.60
12.25
5.60
8.15
4.50
10.15
4.05
8.5
6.4
8.55
5.45
11.00
4.35
7.80
3.40
9.00
4.10
Temperature
(°C)
14.5
8.0
20.0
11.5
21.5
13.8
25.0
12.0
19.0
8.6
22.1
14.9
24.0
14.5
22.6
14.1
19.0
13.3
Total
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
2
27
0
0
2
11
0
2
-
-
0
2
0
13
7
5
18
680
Fecal
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
-
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
•
Cl~
(lHR/1)
15660
16040
15500
16400
14500
15333
15517
16552
-
-
15116
16847
15283
16226
15741
16111
15000
15769
TOC
faR/1)
1.94
1.53
4.32
1.62
2.37
1.29
3.08
1.26
-
-
-
-
3.42
1.07
-
1.36
2.96
0.91
TSS
(me/]
4
5
7
20
13
9
9
3
-
-
-
-
20
5
'
22
29
12
27
Total
Total-P PO -P Nil -N NO -N NO -N S10
(mg/1) (ma/1) (me/I) (mil/]) (mg/1) (me/I) (me/1)
.021
.026
.030
.032
.028
.057
.032
.047
.019
.023
.012
.032
.015
.049
.011
.049
.02K
.032
.02K
.083
.020
.065
.023
.116
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.02K.
.02K
.02K
.039
<.02
<.02
<.02
.052
.027 .010 <.021 <.01
.039 .035 .073 <.01
.055
.045
.014
.047
.051
.046
.055
.045
.014
.047
.031
.048
.022
.102
.057
.02K
.02K
<.02
.124
.010
.016
<.02
.050
.069
.190
.169
.505
.173
.565
.220
.400
.512
1.523
<.02 .692
.038 1.356
<.02 .805
.042 1.581
.553
1.530
.439
1.540
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Dace
Sampled
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
Temperature
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Q Shallow
1 Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8.6
8.6
12.15
5.90
8.00
4.10
9.02
5.30
8.4
7.1
8.05
6.10
10.80
4.65
8.05
4.60
9.45
4.60
14.0
13.8
19.5
13.0
21.5
12.0
26.0
13.0
19.6
8.3
22.5
16.0
24.0
13.0
22.7
13.2
19.7
13.9
Total
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
0
43
4
12
2
28
46
660
Station NYB24
•
Fecal _ Total
Coliform Cl TOC TSS Tocal-P PO -P Nil -N HO -N HO--N S10
(MF/100 ml) (ing/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/l) (mp./l) (mj|/l) (m|/l) (mjj/]) (r.S/I)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
15470
15470
15700
16200
14667
15500
15345
16552
15814
15814
15283
16321
15741
16204
15000
15962
3.99
2.43
4.80
1.72
2.22
1.28
2.92
1.44
4.33
2.23
3.12
1.42
2.52
1.08
12
8
10
19.
17
13
16
7
26
5
5
12
18
10
.015
.032
.030
.035
.026
.061
.029
.038
.010
.028
.014
.041
.013
.053
.035
.02
.02
.021
.059
.020
.090
<.02
.089
.01
.01
.OIK
.OIK
.02
.02
.02K
.02K
<.02
<.02
.023
.052
.209
.236
.141
.408
.207
.469
.512
1.343
.031 .014 <.02 <.01 <.02 .657
.031 .030 .060 <.01 .032 1.181
.045
.050
.019
.036
.043
.046
.019
.052
.044
.031
.050
.022 <.01
.133 <.01
.020
.118
<.02 .734
.029 1.722
.02K
.02K
.OIK
.OIK
<.02
.069
.056
.177
.553
1.403
.370
1.540
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB25
CT>
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygon
(me/1)
8.65
8.70
12.15
5.55
8.00
5.80
8.76
4.45
8.2
6.2
7.90
4.65
10.60
3.00
8.00
7.70
9.20
4.10
Temperature
14.3
14.2
19.0
13.5
21.5
12.9
24.5
13.5
20.5
9.4
22.7
16.4
24.9
22.0
22.3
22.0
20.0
14.5
Total Fecal
Collform Co 11 form
(MF/100 ml) JMF/IOO ml)
132
100
0
9
1
3
0
40
-
-
0
1680
2
1240
2
2
45
620
7
4
0
0
0
1
0
1
-
-
0
17
1
40
0
0
0
2
(me/1)
15850
15660
15200
16100
14833
15500
15000
16207
-
-
15349
15581
15472
16226
15926
15741
15192
15962
TOC
(mR/1)
2.06
2.17
3.85
-
2.01
1.10
2.86
1.85
-
-
-
-
3.44
12.34
2.42
2.00
2.04
1.29
TSS
(mR/1)
1
7
4
13
3
10
7
26
-
-
-
-
14
31
17
19
24
18
Total-P
(rng/1)
.018
.024
.025
.032
.021
.040
.020
.053
-
-
.023
.061
.038
.086
.017
.019
.038
.046
Total
PO -P
(mR/1)
.010
.017
.OIK
.030
.013
.037
< .01
.051
-
-
<.01
.051
.012
.075
.017
.019
.031
.046
NH,-N
(mi?/l)
.02K
.02K
.028
.059
.020
.058
<.02
.076
-
-
<.02
.046
.022
.077
.020
<.02
.02
.035
HO.-N NO.-N
(mR/1) (mj|/l)
.OIK .02K
.OIK .02K
.OIK .02K
.OIK .02K
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 .027
-
-
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
.OIK .062
.OIK .096
S10
(mp,/f)
.249
.263
.314
.345
.207
.455
.440
1.162
-
-
.657
1.181
.664
1.334
.510
.553
.473
1.368
-------
O
•>j
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen Temperature
13.8
9.3
19.0
13.0
21.0
13.5
25.0
15.0
23.0
17.1
24.9
16.5
23.2
16.0
20.0
15.7
8.80
7.15
12.30
6.25
7.80
6.00
8.65
5.46
7.85
5.05
11.00
3.65
6.90
4.00
8.95
3.90
local
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
0
49
0
16
7
41
0
9
0
33
3
92
21
22
36
700
Fecal
Collform
(11F/100 ml)
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
1
0
NEW YORK
Staclop
(mE/1)
15850
16230
15200
16100
15667
16167
15517
16379
15349
16279
15472
16038
15185
15741
15577
15962
BIGHT
NYB26
TOC
(mg/1)
1.90
1.75
3.77
2.50
2.13
1.32
3.19
1.87
-
2.80
1.06
3.31
1.45
1.27
TSS
(ms/:
8
5
16
18
20
19
2
13
-
26
7
17
23
3
22
Tocal
Total-P PO -P NH -N NO -N
(mg/1) (ng/1) (mg/1) (m|/l)
.015
.024
.030
.027
.017
.045
.020
.044
.023
.042
.038
.040
.087
.052
.031
.048
.OIK
.023
.012
.023
.011
.040
.044
.02K
.032
.021
.046
.020
.058
<.02
.083
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.01 <.02 <.01
.037 .060 <.01
.038
.066
.053
.020
.052
.022
.077
<.02
.066
.02K
.040
t!0 -N SIO
(mil/1) (ns/t)
.02K
.02K.
.02K
.02K
<.02
.021
.223
.438
.094
.314
.207
.413
.OIK
.OIK
<.02 .440
.033 1.198
<.02 .587
.032 1.216
<.02 .558
.023 1.263
<.02 .595
.031 1.233
.02K .604
.089 1.402
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB27
I
00
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Mlddepth
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
Temperature
8.50 14.3
No Sample Taken
12.00
6.10
7.55
5.60
8.46
5.79
5.1
5.1
5.1
7.85
6.70
10.00
4.45
8.50
4.00
19.0
13.5
21.0
16.0
25.0
13.0
21.4
16.4
16.8
23.1
16.5
24.9
14.5
22.5
15.2
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
1
0
16
44
20
0
2
0
2
12
Fecal
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
Cl TOC TSS
(mR/1) (mg/1) (mR/l)
16230 1.59
15200
16100
15833
16333
15690
16379
4.10
6.95
0.193
0.386
3.43
1.83
15
18
35
20
19
2
16047
16279
15660
16226
15370
15741
2.93
1.69
2.54
1.45
25
2
11
11
Total
Total-P PO^-P
(mg/1) (mg/1)
NH -N
NO -N NO -N S10
(mR/1) (mg/1)
.018
.030
.025
.021
.045
.029
.032
.010
.014
.018
.015
.040
.013
.033
.02
.02K
.040
.020
.058
<.02
.063
.01
.OIK
.OIK
.023
.023
.030
.045
.025
.039
.01 <.02 <.01
.017 .019 <.01
.036
.043
.022
.077
<.02
.053
.02
.02K
.02K
<.02
<.02
<.02
.033
<.02
<.02
.330
.094
.345
.193
.386
.476
1.162
.622
.832
<.02 .593
.035 1.440
<.02 .533
.038 1.233
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB27
Date
Sampled
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ng/1)
6.80
5.55
Temperature
°
22.0
18.0
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
6
18
Fecal
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
Cl
(mc/1)
15283
15472
TOC
(me/I)
2.407
1.540
TSS
(mg/1)
23
23
.025
.035
Total
PO -P
(me/])
.011
.033
NH -N
.02K
.043
NO.-N
(mg/1)
.OIK
.OIK
NO.-H
.02K
.043
S10,
(mg/f)
.617
.872
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
9.05
4.05
20.2
16.0
192
1020
15769
15962
2.13
1.32
20
10
.023
.043
.013
.047
.02K
.065
.OIK
.OIK
.02K
.056
.639
1.402
O
I
vo
-------
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Mlddepth
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(riE/D
8.60
6.65
9.50
6.85
7.30
6.75
8.56
5.19
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.70
6.05
6.10
3.75
5.50
3.30
Temperature
18.0
14.5
21.0
20.0
22.0
17.0
20.2
15.4
14.8
21.0
18.7
23.0
16.2
24.0
16.0
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB32
Total
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
15
1
148
136
3
4
1
Fecal
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
12
23
0
0
0
Cl"
(mR/1)
15660
15850
15660
15850
14333
16000
15517
16379
TOC
(mB/i:
3.80
3.88
2.21
2.84
1.94
3.18
1.71
92
21
148
9
400
22
12
0
21
0
13721
14651
13962
15472
15000
15741
Total
TSS Total-P PO.-P NH--N
(mB/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (ml/I)
3.18
2.24
2.54
2.28
NO -N
(me/1)
NO -N SiO
(n-g/1) (mp./l)
10
21
11
18
40
2
15
28
.018
.026
.042
.030
.080
.036
.053
.038
.010
.026
.021
.025
.058
.026
.024
.033
<.02
<.02
.021
.040
.096
.058
.023
.063
<.02
<.02
.209
.438
<.02 .204
<.02 .330
.087 .262
<.02 .345
.023 .693
.034 1.343
.102
.058
.105
.045
.080
.044
.096
.048
.094
.047
.081
.052
.201
.080
.194
.108
.189
.072
.029
.031
.030
.128 1.076
.045 1.007
.140 1.228
.029 1.334
.106 .978
.025 1.318
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Statiop NYB32
Dace
Sampled
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
7.05
4.00
6.50
4.25
Temperature
20.0
15.0
19.5
16.3
Total
Coliform
ml)
3
23
660
460
Fecal
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
96
5
Cl~
(me/1)
14811
15660
15385
15962
Total
TOC TSS Total-P PO.-P Nll.-N KO.-N NO,-N S10,
(mR/1) (mR/l) (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/l) (m£/l) (mg/1) (nig/f)
2.842
1.101
2.02
2.06
22
.061
.044
.060
.048
.044
.046
.060
.052
.064
.064
.203
.090
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.088
.063
.103
.076
.835
1.236
.748
1.161
-------
Date
Sampled
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
Temperature
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
DfeetP''-1
8.70
-
11.20
5.55
7.80
17. SO
-
-
19.0
14.0
21.5
17.6
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Middepth
Deep
rt 8/2/77
1 Shallow
M Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8.15
5.68
6.4
5.0
4.8
7.25
5.05
9.00
3.56
5.65
3.75
23.0
14.5
6.4
5.0
4.8
21.0
16.8
23.0
16.8
20.0
17.8
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
3
0
54
27
37
5
Fecal
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
NEW YORK
Station
*
(me/1)
15660
16040
15500
16200
15667
16000
15000
16034
BIGHT
NYB33
TOC
(mg/1)
2.00
1.68
3.07
1.49
2.22
1.35
4.14
1.71
TSS
(mg/1)
9
7
9
18
18
9
4
3
Total-P
(mg/1)
.015
.029
.025
.032
.036
.026
.071
.041
14419
14884
14528
15660
15370
15741
3.09
0.97
2.13
3.40
18
4
22
28
Total
PO -P NH -N NO -N
(mg/1) (mgVl) (mg/1)
.010
.023
.012
.034
.022
.023
.040
.033
.02K
.038
.021
.065
.033
.033
.023
.056
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
NO -N SiO
(mis/1) (mg/1)
.02K .169
.02K .532
.02K .157
.02K .392
<.02
<.02
.262
.303
<.043 .765
<.034 1.198
.050
.039
.067
.045
.052
.052
.037
.033
.040
.047
.049
.053
.040
.033
.022
.090
•c.Ol
.019
•e.Ol
.079 <.01
.111 t.Ol
.038 .797
<.02 1.007
.085 .911
.023 1.440
.038 .935
.056 1.360
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB33
Date
Sampled
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
7.55
3.90
7.75
3.50
Temperature
20.0
14.0
19.0
14.1
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
212
80
840
Fecal
Collform
(MF/lOO ml)
Cl
(me/I)
15000
15849
15577
16154
TOC
(me/1)
2.56
2.13
2.20
1.13
TSS
(mE/1)
Total
Total-P PO^-P
Nil -N NO -H NO -H S10
(mg/1) (mj/1) (md/D (ng/j)
26
24
5
22
.061
.049
.043
.046
.039
.052
.039
.052
.029
.093
.080
.045
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.026
.081
.075
.835
1.491
.082 .473
.163 1.712
O
I
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(n.K/1)
8,75
6.80
10.65
7.05
8.25
5.25
10.05
4.95
6.0
8.5
7.85
5.55
7.20
3.80
7.00
4.00
Total
Temperature Coll form
(°C) (MF/100 ml)
-
-
19.5
13.5
21.5
18.5
25.0
13.0
19.4
9.5
21.2
13.5
23.0
14.8
22.0
17.0
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
-
-
0
2
17
0
21
14
Fecal
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
-
0
0
0
0
1
0
Station NYB34
Cl~ TOC
(n.B/1) (mR/1)
15850
16040
15500
16400
15833
16667
15690
17069
-
-
14651
15349
14528
15660
15185
15741
1.88
1.81
3.72
1.38
3.83
1.23
2.71
1.26
-
-
-
-
3.19
1.52
13.09
1.67
TSS
(mR/1)
11
8
16.
19
27
10
13
10
-
-
-
-
19
20
18
12
Tocal-P
.015
.026
.027
.020
.024
.043
.032
.041
-
-
.035
.035
.071
.047
.048
.048
Total
PO.-P
(nig /I)
.010
.023
.012
.018
.013
.040
<.01
.037
-
-
.019
.028
.057
.050
.039
.053
NH.-N
(mg/1)
.02K
.02K
.021
.059
.020
.084
<.02
.070
-
-
<.02
.026
.090
.114
.033
.124
NO--N NO,-M
(mg/1) (ng/1)
.02K .02K
.02K .02K
.OIK .02K
.OIK .02K
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 <.02
<.01 .040
-
-
<.01 <.02
<.01 .025
.019 .085
<.01 .035
<.01 .044
<.01 .056
S10
(mg/1)
.196
.532
.157
.345
.220
.455
.549
1.415
-
-
.692
1.076
.946
1.510
.765
1.275
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB34
Date
Sampled
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
7.50
3.70
Temperature
°
20.0
12.5
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
2
16
Fecal
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
0
1
(mg/1)
14906
15943
TOC
(mK/1)
2.84
0.91
TSS
(me/1)
6
7
Total-P
(mg/1)
.065
.044
Total
PO.-P
(mg/1)
.039
.048
NH,-N
(mg/1)
.032
.086
NO,-N
(ml/1)
.OIK
.OIK
NO -N SiO
(mg/1) (mg/1)
.094
.081
.835
1.455
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
10.50
4.15
19.5
13.0
88
820
0
0
15769
16346
2.88
0.96
13
15
.033
.042
.022
.048
.02K
.02K
.OIK
.013
.02K
.163
.404
1.609
o
-------
Date
Sampled
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mR/1)
Temperature
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
O Shallow
^L DeeP
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8.75
6.80
11.20
5.80
8.00
5.50
9.05
4.60
8.5
7.1
7.60
5.20
8.60
3.65
7.70
3.95
_
19.5
12.5
22.5
13.0
24.5
13.0
20.0
8.9
21.6
13.1
23.2
14.7
22.8
13.8
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
0
7
0
3
2
27
1
8
Fecal
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
NEW YORK
Station
Cl"
(mE/D
15850
16040
15400
14600
16000
16667
15517
16552
BIGHT
NYB35
TOC
(me/D
2.95
1.68
3.45
1.51
2.26
1.90
2.87
1.94
TSS
(mg/1)
8
6
5
11
2
13
3
21
Total-P
.021
.029
.025
.030
.021
.054
.023
.053
4
0
18
6O
14651
15349
14717
15849
15185
15926
3.15
1.56
2.28
1.60
15
12
71
Total
PO -P
Nil -N NO -N
(mg/1) '"'
.012
.023
.012
.032
.013
.051
.OIK
.051
.02K
.038
.015
.065
.020
.058
.02K
.033
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
NO -H
(mg/l)
.02K
.02K
.02K
.020
.02K
.02K
S10
.236
.546
.173
.487
.220
.441
.02K .512
.033 1.271
.042
.031
.059
.050
.040
.139
.042
.031
.040
.050
.027
.070
.02K
.046
.034
.120
.02K
.044
.OIK
.OIK
.016
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.02K .587
.025 1.041
.072 .840
.029 1.510
.02K .680
.044 1.488
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ng/1)
7.15
4.75
9.15
5.05
Station NYB35
Total Fecal Total
Temperature Collform Collform Cl~ TOC TSS Total-P PO.-P NH -N NO -N NO -H SiO
(°C) (HF/100 ml) (HF/100 ml) (mg/1) (mg/1) Qng/1) (niE/l) (mg/1) (mg/1) (me/l) (mg/1) (ir.g/1)
20.0
13.0
19.7
16.9
It
40
3
460
0
0
15094
15943
15577
15962
2.58
0.94
2.32
2.32
20
15
22
21
.049
.054
.043
.033
.035
.052
.028
.033
.029
.071
.02K
.040
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.069
.069
.062
.042
.908
1.345
.439
.886
-------
u
M
00
Date
Snirpled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.90
7.65
12.10
5.60
7.50
7.30
8.55
4.61
7.35
4.55
7.45
4.35
8.05
4.60
8.40
4.05
Temperature
20.0
16.0
22.0
21.0
24.0
17.0
22.0
17.2
21.8
17.6
21.0
17.8
22.0
18.0
Total
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
9
1
0
3
Fecal
Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB40
=-
15850
15850
15900
15900
16867
16333
16034
16207
14651
15116
15472
15660
15370
15741
15755
16226
TOC
(mg/1)
2.14
1.78
2.63
5.42
2.45
7.78
2.56
1.86
-
2.47
2.88
1.84
1.96
3.49
2.02
TSS
(mg/1)
3
12
28
39
27
51
8
4
-
9
1
21
23
29
63
Total-P
(mg/1)
.021
.026
.025
.030
.028
.026
.020
.038
.039
.039
.026
.043
.030
.041 .
.042
.058
Total
PO -P
(mg/1)
.012
.017
.012
.027
.017
.017
.OIK
.035
.019
.033
.OIK
.038
.016
.041
.OIK
.039
NH.-N
(mgVl)
.02K
.025
.021
.052
.033
.039
.02K
.036
.02K
.026
.02K
.096
.02K
.02K
.02K
.057
NO -N
(mg/1)
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
NO.-N
(mg/1)
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.035
.02K
.02K
.02K
.063
SiO
(ms/i)
.384
.451
.251
.502
.289
.303
.621
1.343
.762
1.041
.629
1.263
.553
.808
.544
1.163
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYBAO
Dissolved ' Total Fecal Total
Date Oxygen Temperature Coliform Collform Cl~ TOC TSS Total-P PO.-P HH.-H NO.-N NO--N S10.
Sanpled (lag/l) ' (°C) (MF/100 ml) (MF/100 ml) (me/1) (me/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (mjj/1) (mg/1) (rng/1) (mg/1)
9/19/77
Shallow 9.85 21.2 0 0 15769 2.74 13 • .028 .015 .02K .OJK .02K .335
Deep 4.75 19.0 1160 0 15769 1.66 19 .051 .048 .090 .OIK .060 .783
-------
o
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
8.85
8.70
5.45
9.90
7.75
4.20
8.69
5.80
7.75
5.40
8.00
3.35
8.35
3.65
9.05
3.85
Temperature
19.5
14.5
24.5
15.0
22.1
18.0
22.0
16.0
21.0
16.0
23.0
18.0
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB41
Total
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
It
6
0
9
Fecal
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cl"
(mR/1)
16040
16040
15500
16100
16333
16500
15862
16379
14651
15116
15283
15660
15370
15926
15472
16226
TOC
(me/1)
2.97
2.21
2.95
1.45
1.94
1.65
2.69
1.59
-
10.55
3.37
3.24
1.09
3.06
1.07
TSS
(mg/1)
11
3
10
23
30
23
13
3
-
20
8
12
11
20
23
Total-P
(mg/1)
.012
.018
.020
.030
.017
.050
.017
.031
.035
.031
.043
.040
.041
.041
.039
.044
Total
PO -P
(mg/l)
.01
.014
.01
.025
.011
.044
.OIK
.031
.012
.023
.026
.040
.024
.047
.018
.044
NH -N
(mil/1)
.02
.02
.02
.046
.02K
.096
.023
.043
.02K
.02K
.028
.071
.02K
.046
.02K
.071
NO -N
(mg/1)
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02K
.021
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.010
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
NO -N
(mg/1)
.02
.02
.01
.01
.OIK
.OIK
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.048
.029
.02K
.025
.02K
.069
SiO
(me/1)
.330
.398
.188
.455
.248
.634
.476
1.162
.692
.902
.734
1.369
.638
1.190
.544
1.382
-------
NEW YORK BTCHT
Scacion MYB41
Dissolved Total Fecal Total
Date Oxygen Temperature Coliform Collform Cl~ TOC TSS Total-P PO.-P NH.-N NO.-H HO.-N S10~
Sampled (rig/1) (°C) (HF/100 ml) (HF/100 ml) (mg/1) (mR/1) (me/I) (mg/1) (nig/l) (mg/l) (mg/1) (inR/1) (mB/J)
9/19/77
Shallow 10.25 21.0 1 0 15769 2.42 18 .026 .025 .02K .OIK .023 .301
Deep 3.40 16.0 1840 0 16346 1.33 3 .053 .052 .050 .026 .156 1.574
O
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Statiort NYB42
NJ
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ng/1)
8.70
7.40
9.90
7.85
7.80
5.55
8.68
5.20
8.45
5.70
8.45
3.65
8.00
3.65
8.30
4.35
Teirperature
-
-
20.0
16.0
21.0
15.0
24.8
13.0
21.0
15.5
22.8
15.5
22.0
15.0
22.0
14.8
Total
Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
15
3
0
22
Fecal
Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
(mg/1)
15850
16230
15500
16100
16167
16667
16034
16724
14884
15349
.
14906
16038
15556
15926
15283
16226
TOC
(mg/1)
1.58
1.72
3.30
1.97
1.85
1.58
2.49
1.97
-
-
2.87
1.23
2.42
1.43
3.53
1.01
TSS
9
5
12
20
25
43
21
29
-
-
12
13
18
26
19
16
Total-P
(mg/1)
.012
.021
.022
.020
.019
.052
.017
.038
.027
.027
.050
.047
.025
.048
.061
.044
Total
PO -P
(mg/1)
.OIK
.021
.OIK
.OIK
.011
.042
.OIK
.042
.OIK
.021
.036
.050
.014
.057
.035
.046
NH -N
(n.g/1)
.02K
.032
.02K
.02K
.020
.065
.023
.089
.02K
.02K
.022
.102
.02K
.085
.02K
.086
NO -N
(n.g/1)
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.016
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
NO -N
(mg/1)
.02K
. 02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.039
.02K
.02K
.072
.029
.02K
.025
.075
.069
SiO
(mg/1)
.33
.424
.141
.235
.234
.551
.440
1.307
.587
.937
.875
1.440
.595
1.360
.835
1.455
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station. NYB42
Dissolved Total Fecal Total
Date Oxygen Terperature Coliform Collform Cl~ TOC TSS Total-P POA~P
Sampled (rr.g/1) (°C) (HF/100 ml) (HF/100 ml) (nig/I) (nig/I) (mR/1) (mE/1) (mg/1)
9/19/77
Shallow 10.25 20.9 20 0 15962 2.43 45 .022 .039 .02K .OIK .023 .301
Deep 4.05 14.0 1080 2 16346 1.23 29 .042 .046 .02K .019 .163 1.402
O
Ni
-------
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
,_. 8/9/77
I Shallow
M Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
8.75
7.50
10.60
5.55
7.80
5.15
8.50
4.38
7.65
5.75
9.30
4.15
7.20
3.90
8.30
5.70
Temperature
19.5
14.0
22.0
15.0
25.0
12.5
22.0
15.8
23.0
16.5
20.5
13.9
21.0
16.0
Total
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
6
76
It
0
18
0
3
0
4
14
21
6
7
Fecal
Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
NEW YORK
Station.
Cl"
(mE/1)
16040
16230
15500
16200
16167
16667
15862
16552
14884
15581
14906
16038
15370
15926
15283
15849
BIGHT
NYB43
TOG
(me/1)
1.72
1.41
3.33
2.75
4.34
1.29
2.49
2.34
-
9.85
1.71
7.64
0.83
2.90
1.66
TSS
jmg/1)
15
10
34
23
26
38
13
8
-
29
10
29
83
17
18
Total-P
(mg/l)
.018
.018
.022
.072
.019
.045
.017
.047
.019
.042
.057
.043
.054
.041
.061
.037
Total
PO -P
(mg/1)
.012
.017
.012
.061
.011
.040
.OIK
.053
.OIK
.030
.036
.045
.042
.049
.046
.028
Nil -N
(ing/1]
.02K
.025
.021
.164
.020
.077
.02K
.103
.02K
.033
.02K
.102
.027
.079
.036
.036
NO -t! NO -II SiO?
(me/1) (mg/1) (mp/j)
.OIK .02K .317
.OIK .02K .384
.OIK .02K .157
.OIK .02K .487
.OIK .02K .234
.OIK .021 .551
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.016
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.02K .440
.033 1.235
.02K .587
.02K 1.076
.054 .840
.029 1.404
.056 .808
.038 1.360
.100 .908
.031 .945
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB43
Date
Sampled
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/1)
10.50
3.85
Temperature
(°C)
21.0
13.6
Total
Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
2
900
Fecal
Conform
(HF/100 ml)
0
1
Cl~
(mg/1)
15962
16346
TOC
(mg/1)
2.02
TSS
(mR/1)
7
27
Total-P
(mg/1)
.023
.046
Total
PO.-P
(mB/1)
.022
.050
Ifll.-N
(mg/1)
.02K
.02
.OIK
.019
.02K
.171
S10.
(mg/1)
.335
1.574
-------
o
M
a*
Date
Sarplcd
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(n-c/1)
8.70
8.80
11.80
6.55
7.75
4.65
9.00
3.88
7.50
6.25
9.15
3.45
6.40
4.25
7.45
4.00
Temperature
-
13.8
19.5
13.0
22.5
14.5
25.0
13.0
22.1
15.1
23.5
14.8
20.5
13.0
23.0
16.0
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
0
3
28
80
0
15
1020
53
1
17
30
22
0
54
Fecal
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
420
11
0
0
2
2
0
0
(mfi/D
16040
16040
15400
16200
16167
16667
15862
16897
14884
15349
15904
16038
15278
16111
15849
16226
TOC
(rcR/1)
2.26
2.45
4.16
1.46
2.43
1.35
3.66
1.62
-
-
3.44
1.62
-
2.16
1.56
0.74
TSS
("IB/ 1)
12
4
20
26
29
26
16
19
-
-
23
12
11
16
16
22
Total-P
(rcg/1)
.018
.021
.030
.025
.021
.057
.023
.056
.243
.035
.052
.050
.063
.043
.023
.044
Total
P04-P
.012
.014
.014
.021
.021
.057
.OIK
.060
.217
.028
.031
.052
.053
.047
.OIK
.OIK
NH -M
(mji/1)
.02K
.02K
.02K
.028
.020
.052
.02K
.076
.140
.033
.02K
.102
.072
.079
.02K
.071
NO -N
(mB/1)
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.013
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
NO -N
(mg/1)
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.027
.02K
.02K
.048
.02K
.056
.044
.02K
.075
SIO,
(m.c/1)
.303
.317
.157
.314
.220
.441
.440
1.198
.622
.832
.805
1.369
.893
1.403
.617
1.345
-------
NEU YORK BIGHT
Station NYB44
Date
Sampled
9/19/77
Shallow
Duep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(WO
10.15
3.70
Tcnpcraturc
21.0
14.0
Total
Collfom
(MF/100 ml)
2
1080
Fecal
ColICorm
(MF/100 ml)
0
3
Cl
(mg/1)
15769
16346
1.91
1.02
TSS
(mg/1)
21
7
.030
.053
Total
PO -P
(nig/1)
.022
.061
till -tl
(mii/1)
.02K
.050
NO -II
(.IB/1)
.OIK
.019
IJO -!!
(n.K/0
.023
.163
S10
.370
1.471
O
I
10
-sj
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Station NYB45
D
N)
oc
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
7/27/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
8/9/77
Shallow
Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxvgen
(n-'c/l)
8.85
7.30
12.30
5.60
7.75
5.40
8.95
3.80
9.0
7.7
7.80
7.50
9.30
3.00
7.00
3.50
Temperature
8.9
-
19.0
14.0
21.5
14.0
24.5
13.0
20.4
9.6
21.8
15.3
23.2
14.8
21.8
15.8
Total
Coliform
(HF/100 ml)
0
0
0
28
10
8
0
29
-
-
2
16
0
136
18
16
Fecal
Coliform
Q1F/ 100 ml)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
-
-
0
1
0
1
1
2
(me/1)
16040
16420
15400
16400
16167
16667
15862
16724
-
-
14884
15116
15094
16038
15370
16111
TOC
(mg/D
1.91
2.91
4.64
4.44
2.20
5.75
3.24
1.91
-
-
-
—
3.37
1.72
3.25
3.16
TSS
14
10
20
20
26
25
22
3
-
-
-
~
17
21
15
42
Total-P
.012
.024
.037
.040
.021
.047
.023
.050
-
-
.023
.023
.043
.067
.063
.055
Total
PO^-P
(mg/1)
.OIK
.021
.014
.041
.013
.040
.OIK
.053
-
-
.010
.OIK
.022
.068
.051
.060
Nil -N
(mjj/])
.02K
.025
.02K
.040
.02K
.052
.02K
.083
-
-
.02K
.02K
.02K
.083
.072
.085
(mB/1)
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
-
-
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
(nig/])
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.027
-
-
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.059
.050
S10
(mE/J)
.236
.438
.141
.377
.234
.455
.440
1.090
-
-
.552
.552
.734
1.299
.850
1. 360
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Statiott NYB45
Date
S.iirplcd
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ng/1)
6.50
4.15
9.90
3.70
Tenpcranure
22.0
13.0
20.9
14.7
Total
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
204
84
480
Fecal
Coliform
(1IF/100 ml)
0
17
0
9
Cl
15283
15660
15769
16346
2.02
1.30
2.06
0.99
TSS
(mg/1)
8
23
28
22
.020
.042
.033
.055
Total
.020
.048
.023
.059
Nil -H
.02K
.071
.02K
.045
NO -H NO -it S10
(inR/1) (ng/1) (mc/f)
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.013
.02K .653
.038 1.200
.045
.126
.370
1.402
O
ro
-------
NEW YORK BIGHT
Staciott NYB46
Date
Sampled
6/7/77
Shallow
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
0 3/9/77
^ Shallow
O Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
8.70
7.10
-
7.90
6.05
8.07
5.14
8.55
5.75
8.70
4.65
7.80
5.00
6.80
5.05
Tenperaturo
14.0
8.5
19.0
14.0
22.0
14.0
25.0
14.0
21.0
16.1
24.0
14.8
22.5
16.5
22.0
15.0
Total Fecal
Collform Collform
(MT/100 ml) (HF/100 ml)
TOG
0
1
5
16
0
8
(n.K/1)
16230
16230
15400
16600
16333
16833
16207
16897
14884
15581
15472
16038
15833
16111
15755
15899
5.85
1.37
73
17
76
34
2.46
1.53
5.17
1.42
3.59
1.18
1.81
0.86
TSS
(mB/1)
12
17
35
18
13
55
14
45
Total-P
(ing/D
.012
.024
.050
.027
.019
.038
.014
.029
.039
.039
.026
.040
.018
.176
.020
.032
Total
PO.-P
(me/1)
.010
.021
.016
.025
.011
.033
.OIK
.033
.017
.030
.OIK
.036
.OIK
.057
.OIK
.037
.02K
.045
.02K
.065
.020
.058
.02K
.070
.02K
.046
.02K
.083
.02K
.059
.02K
.050
NO -N NO -N SiO
(niB/D (ms/1) (me/I)
.OIK .02K .223
.OIK .02K .519
.OIK .02K .173
.OIK .02K .549
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.02K
.021
.220
.455
.02K .404
.033 1.126
.02K .727
.032 1.146
.02K .588
.048 1.404
.02K .553
.038 1.233
.02K .617
.050 1.054
-------
NEW YORK BTC1IT
Statiort NYB46
Date
Sanplcd
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ng/1)
7.65
4.15
Temperature
20.9
15.1
Total
Colifonn
(MF/100 ml)
1
560
Fecal
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
0
0
(mg/1)
1615 A
16346
TOC
(mg/1)
1.52
1.01
TSS
20
27
Total
PO -P Nil -N
(niR/1) (mg/1)
.023
.046
.014
.047
.02K
.070
.OIK
.OIK
.023
.082
.370
1.402
O
lo
-------
Date
Sampled
Dissolved
Oxygen
(me/1)
Temperature
6/7/77
Shal low
Deep
7/5/77
Shallow
Deep
7/13/77
Shallow
Deep
7/19/77
Shallow
Deep
8/2/77
Shallow
Deep
0 8/9/77
^ Shallow
ro Deep
8/16/77
Shallow
Deep
8/30/77
Shallow
Deep
8.75
7.40
11.60
6.70
7.85
6.00
7.96
5.85
8.35
6.25
7.75
4.05
7.90
4.20
7.30
4.70
19.5
13.0
22.0
14.0
24.5
14.0
21.0
14.5
24.0
14.8
22.5
14.0
22.0
14.0
Total
Collform
(MF/lOO ml)
1
2
0
0
1
0
Fecal
Coliform
(MF/100 ml)
NEW YORK
Station,
(mg/1)
16040
16600
15500
16600
16333
17000
16207
16897
14884
15581
15660
16038
15926
16204
15660
16038
BIGHT
NYB47
TOC
(mR/1)
1.59
1.53
3.75
1.54
2.22
1.90
2.53
4.80
-
2.01
1.34
2.61
1.07
2.07
1.30
TSS
(mg/1)
9
9
3
20
19
18
12
15
-
8
14
6
41
6
18
Tocal-P
(mg/11
.012
.026
.032
.027
.021
.036
.014
.029
.042
.035
.016
.035
.017
.043
.023
.037
Total
PO.-P
(ma/l)
.010
.023
.014
.023
.011
.033
.OIK
.031
.019
.028
.OIK
.031
.OIK
.047
.OIK
.044
NH -N
(n.R/1)
.02K
.051
.02K
.071
.020
.058
.02K
.066
.02K
.060
.02K
.065
.02K
.066
.021
.057
(mg/i)
.OJK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
.OIK
HO -N
(mg/1)
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.02K
.021
.02K
.033
.02K
.038
.02K
.042
.02K
.50
.02K
.063
SiO
(ng/T!
.209
.586
.204
.455
.193
.441
.404
1.126
.727
1.111
.488
1.299
.595
1.445
.617
1.200
-------
HEW YORK BTCHT
Station NYB47
Dace
S.-implc-cl
9/19/77
Shallow
Deep
Dissolved
Oxygen
(ng/1)
8.25
4.15
Temperature
21.1
15.2
local
Collform
(HF/100 ml)
0
520
Fecal
Collform
(MF/100 ml)
Cl
(mg/l)
16154
16346
TOC
(n'R/1)
1.48
0.87
TSS
(niK/1)
23
27
.021
.046
Total
PO -P
OUR/I)
.013
.045
U03-N SI
_Qnf./1) (nip
.02K
.065
.OIK
.OIK
.023
.089
.404
1.436
O
UJ
-------
APPENDIX E
Phytoplankton Blooms in New Jersey
Coastal Waters—Summer 1977
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS
IN
NEW JERSEY COASTAL WATERS
by
Robert P. Davis
Prepared by: /L // bfjt'J's^
Reviewed b
Approved hy •
F. T. Brezenski
TECHNICAL SUPPORT BRANCH
SURVEILLANCE Aj:D ANALYSIS DIVISION
REGION II
EDISON, NEW JERSEY 08817
E-l
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PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN
NEW JERSEY COASTAL WATERS
January 1978
INTRODUCTION
Red tide is a common term for a discoloration of natural waters
caused by a localized superabundance of microscopic organisms. Most
microorgdttis.a-caused water discolorations are caused by photosynthetic
species although bacteria and zooplankters can also produce discoloration.
There is little doubt that the abundance and seasonal distribution
of phytoplankton are related to temperature, light intensity, salinity,
nutrients (macro and micro), and the hydrological and meterological
conditions prevailing in a particular area (i.e. warm, sunny, calm weather
and calm seas usually promotes bloom development). Many bodies of water
are sufficiently rich in the essential nutrients that these nutrients
»
do not serve as limiting factors in determining the abundance of algae.
Mahoney et al. (1976) reports there is evidence that throughout the
year and during the summer, the Raritan-Lower Hudson estuary is "nutrient
saturated". Other factors such as high temperatures, high light in-
tensities, turbidity, grazing, a stable water column, wind and wave
action are involved in creating optimum conditions for phytoplankton
growth. The mechanisms involved in triggering blooms remain obscure.
The initiation of a bloom appears to be largely a matter of biological
conditioning of sea water which favors an exponential growth of a
phytoplankton species and involves primarily biological and chemical factors.
The continuation of a bloom is largely influenced by physical factors
(i.e., light intensity, temperature, salinity, etc.). Phytoplankton
blooms are associated with conditions of low salinity and high organic
E-2
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-2-
enrichment. Both these conditions prevail in coastal waters particularly
in areas of river discharge and/or after heavy rain-fall. Individual
algae vary in their nutrient requirements and this variation, superimposed
on physical factors accounts for the phenomenon of phytoplankton
succession, i.e. one dominant species following another at a given place
in a given season with some degree of regularity.
In the New York - New Jersey metropolitan area, ever increasing
amounts of trace metals, plant nutrients, organic compounds, and synthetic
materials are entering the Raritan-Hudson River estuary. These activities
profoundly affect the species composition and production of plankton
in the area. Mahoney et al. (1976) reports phytoplankton primary
productivity within the Raritan, Lower, and Sandy Hook Bays to be the
highest recorded for any estuary in the world. Development of a phyto-
plankton bloom is both a product as well as a process of the general
eutrophication of the coastal ecosystem.
Phytoplankton blooms have been responsible for a number of harmful
effects. In New England and Canadian waters, a dinoflagellate Gonyaulax
tamarensis has been responsible for toxic blooms. When molluscs (blue
mussel, soft clam, surf clam, etc.) filter large numbers of these organisms
from the water, they accumulate a paralyzing poison in their tissues.
'.^en animals higher in the food chain such as man, eat molluscs, they
suffer sever symptoms, even death. In 1972, a bloom of G. tamarensis
in Massachusetts resulted in the illness of thirty-three people and the
death of over 2,000 waterfowl. Toxic blooms have resulted in banning the
harvesting and sale of edible molluscs in Canadian and Mew England waters,
resulting in large economic losses for the seafood industry. Fortunately, the
toxic organism of the Canadian and New England red tides has not yet been
E-3
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-3-
found in New York and New Jersey waters.
Fish and ocher marine organisms may die1of suffocation when the
oxygen in the water is depleted during a bloom. Oxygen depletion can
result from the metabolic requirements of the living organisms or from
the death and decay of the organisms after a bloom has peaked. The
fish and invertebrate kill in the spring of 1976 (June) caused by a
bloom of Ceratium tripos off the New Jersey coast, is a good example
of how disastrous the effects can be. Three previous fish kills (1968,
1973, 1974) of this nature have been reported in this area within the
last eight years but only the first (1968) was as extensive as the 1976
fish kill. Reports of these kills have indicated a strong similarity
to the 1976 kill but the role of a phytoplankton bloom as the causative
agent was not investigated.
Phytoplankton blooms can also cause eye irritation, sore throats,
respiratory and intestinal disorders for bathers and sometimes for
people who are just near the water.
Mahoney et. al. (1976) reports the annual cycle of phytoplankton
productivity in Raritan, Lower, and Sandy Hook Bays to be characterized
by low winter productivity, a spring bloom and summer maximum followed
by a rapid decline in productivity during the fall. The spring bloom
(March) Ls dominated principally by the diatoms, Skeletonoma costatum.
RhizosoIonia delicatula and Asterionella japonica. The summer bloom
is dominated principally by phytoflagellates and nannoplankton (organisms
smaller than 20 microns) until autumn when the diatoms once again prevail.
Scientists at the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory have investigated
the annual occurrence of phytoplankton blooms in the Raritan-Lower
Hudson estuary from 1962 to 1976. Mahoney et.al. (1976) reports that
E-4
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-4-
three species, Olisthodiscus luteus, Massartia rotundata, and Prorocentrum
micans dominated most of the bloom occurrences. The phytoflagellate
blooms occurred during the warmer months, from the middle of June to the
end of September. The order of bloom dominance frequency was CL_ luteus
followed by M. rotundata and P. nicans. In New York Harbor waters, the
greatest bloom incidence was in Sandy Hook Bay and in the tidal Navesink
and Shrewsbury Rivers. In the ocean, the most frequent bloom occurrences
were between the tip of Sandy Hook- and Belmar, New Jersey; but on
several occasions, blooms have extended much further south.
The pattern of bloom development (Mahoney et.al. 1976) is initiated
in the Bay area where it spreads to the coastal area several days later.
In other cases, blooms develop in the tidal rivers and then flow out
to both the bay and ocean. In the bays, dispersion of a bloom is
usually uniform. In the ocean, dispersion varies from isolated patches
to continuous but irregularly dense bands along shore. At times, blooms
may impinge on the beaches and at other times, they lay some distance
offshore. The impingement of a bloom on a beach is largely a function
of the tide. Wind influences distribution to a lesser degree except
during storms; storms and heavy seas generally disperse blooms.
The impact of algal blooms in the New York Harbor and adjacent waters
is the loss of aesthetic appeal and loss of water quality for recreational
use. This condition has caused large economic losses for communities.
Mahoney et.al. (1976) reported a major bloom in 1968 that caused massive
reductions in seafood consumption and tourism, resulting in a 1.1 million dollar
Loss to Monmouth County, New Jersey alone. The fish kill caused by a
bLoom of Ceratium tripos in 1976 caused a large economic loss to the state
cishing industry. Dr. Glenn Paulson, NJDEP, estimated the 1976 fish kill
E-5
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-5-
cost Che scate fishing industry approximately $26 million.
The impact of the algal blooms has aroused much regional interest.
The communications media (newspapers, radio and television) has created
significant public awareness for algal blooms. However, the general
severity of the blooms has not been comparable to that of blooms of
highly toxic species in other locales (i.e. Canada, New England, Florida),
SUMMARY:
The phytoplankton bloom season of 1977 essentially followed the same
sequence as reported by Mahoney et.al (1976). The blooms started in the
middle of June and diminished in the middle of September. The order of
bloom dominance was Olisthodiscus luteus, Massartia rotundata, nanno-
plankton fo.'annochoris atomus). Prorcentrum micans was present but
never in densities that would be considered of bloom proportions.
E-6
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CHRONOLOGY
The Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory has investigated the annual
occurrence of algal blooms since 1962. Under the direction of Dr. John
Mahoney, they have continued this surveillance until 1977. In 1974,
the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in cooperation with
the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory initiated a monitoring program involving
analysis and taxonomy of phytoplankton cycles in the Sandy Hook area.
Intensive sampling and analysis for this program has been conducted by
Paul Olson (NJDEP). In 1977, funding problems and a change in the director-
ship of the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory resu]ted in a change in the
role that the laboratory will play in phtyoplankton surveillance. The
involvement of Dr. Ilahoney and Myra Cohen will be very limited. During the
summer of 1977, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation
with the Mew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection became involved
in the surveillance of phytoplankton blooms. The following is a
chronology of surveillance activities carried out by the USEPA and the
NJDEP during the summer of 1977.
E-7
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January 4 to January 5, 1977
'..'atcr samples were collected at seven stations in the Mew York
Bight. They were: NYB21, 23, 26, 42, 44, 47, 33. See attached nap.
The data indicates that Skeletonema costatum, a marine diatom, was
the dominant phytoplankton species at all seven stations. It comprised
86 to 96% of total phytoplankton numbers.
March 28, 1977
A single water sample was collected at a station in the New York
Bight >rYB 34A. Three species of phytoplankton were found.
Skeletonema costatum was the dominant phytoplankton species at
this station comprising 85% of the population.
April 25, 1977
A single water sample was collected at a station off Long Island,
:5ew York LIC-03. Four species of phytoplankton were found.
Skeletoncma costatum was the dominant phytoplankton species at this
station comprising 78% of the total numbers.
May 2, 1977
A single water sample was collected at a station off Long Island,
N:ew York LIC-02. Three species of phytoplankton were found.
Skcletonema costatum was the dominant phytoplankton species comprising
58% of the population. Thalassiosira gravida was the sub dominant
species comprising 38% of total phytoplankton cell density.
E-8
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Friday, May 27, 1977
A scum line 100 feet off shore, 300-400 feet wide and 5 miles long
was reported off Ship Bottom, New Jersey by Richard Dewling of the
USEPA. A single sample was taken. Analysis of the sample indicated a
large quantity of decomposing filamentous algae.
June 4, 1977
A water sample was collected at Deal, New Jersey. Analysis of the
sample did not indicate the presence of bloom concentration. The dominant
and sub dominant species were marine diatoms.
June 9, 1977
Twelve water samples were collected in the New York Bight. Analysis
o£ the samples indicated normal phytoplankton populations.
Monday, June 13, 1977
The USEPA sampling crew reported blooms off Manasquan Inlet, New
Jersey and Seaside Heights, Mew Jersey. Two water samples were collected.
Analysis of the samples indicated a moderate bloom of Olisthodiscns
luteus (25,000 - 30,000 cells/ml)
Tuesday, June 14, 1977
The MJDEP sampled their 12 routine beach stations. Analysis of
the samples indicated that Olisthodiscus luteus was present in low
concentrations (not a bloom condition).
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew collected two water samples;
one off Manasquan Inlet and the other off Point Pleasant. Analysis of
the samples indicated a very minor bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus
(1,000 - 2,000 cells/ml).
E-9
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Wednesday, June 15, 1977'
The USEPA helicopter surveyed the coast of New Jersey. There uas
no indication of a phytoplankton bloom reported by the helicopter crew.
Frank Takacs of the New Jersey Departnent of Environmental Protection
reported that the Mayor of Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey, reported
brownish-reddish water along the beach. No sample was taken.
Thursday, June 16, 1977
The USEPA helicopter crew reported a bloom extending from Sandy
Hook to Manasquan Inlet (approximately 30 miles long and 7 to 8 miles
wide). Two samples were collected. Analysis of the samples indicated a
bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus (40,000 -57,000 cells/ml).
The NJDEP Shellfish Control Unit collected three samples (Two samples
.one mile out from Manasquan Inlet and one sample from the Manasquan River).
Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus in the
2 ocean samples (73,000 - 84,000 cells/ml) and a bloom of mixed organisms.
In the other sample, 0. lutues was present but not dominant.
Friday, June 17, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew collected two water samples off
the New Jersey coast. The first was collected four nautical miles south
of the tip of Sandy Hook. The second was collected between Asbury Park and
Long Branch, Mew Jersey. Analysis of the samples indicated a moderate
bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus.
A reported fish kill in the Raritan River behind the Raritan Center
was investigated. There were many dead Atlantic Menhaden in the water.
This die-off was attributed to naturally occurring conditions which happens
every year.
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Saturday, June 18, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew collected a water sample off
Princess Cove, Staten Island, New York. Analysis of the sample
indicated a heavy bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus (120,000 cells/ml).
Sunday, June 19, 1977
Mike Talpas of the NJDEP reported red-brown water in Raritan Bay
and from Sandy Hook to the western end of Long Branch. From the southern
end of Long Branch to Toms River the water was clear.
Monday, June 20, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected 12 samples from the NJDEP
.routine beach stations. She reported dark red-brown water off Earle Pier.
All coastal stations were clear.
Tuesday, June 21, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported there was no indication
of a phytoplankton bloom in Raritan Bay or from Sandy Hook to Long Branch.
No samples were taken.
Wednesday, June 22, 1977
Dr. John Mahoney of the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory reported a
bloom in Raritan Bay. Olisthodiscus lutc-us was the dominant bloom
organism.
Dr. John Pearce, NOAA, Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory notified
Frank Takacs of the NJDEP of a reported bloom of Ceratium tripos 50 miles
off Long Island, New York.
E-ll
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Thursday, June 23, 1977
Dr. John Mahoney of the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory reported a
bloom from the Ocean Dumping grounds to the Rockaways, Long Island.
Olisthodiscus luteus was the dominant species. Dr. Mahoney also reported
a bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus in Sandy Hook Bay.
Monday, June 27, 1977
The NJDEP sampled the 12 routine beach stations and sampled seven
ocean stations by boat. Analysis of the samples indicated no blooms were
present at the 19 stations. Olisthodiscus luteus and chlorophytes were
present but in low numbers.
Tuesday, June 28, 1977
Frank Takacs of the NJDEP reported tar balls washing up on the beach
at Monmouth Beach. The USEFA helicopter investigated the shore area
along Monmouth Beach and two miles off the beach. Only one tar ball
was found. There was no water discoloration in the area.
Wednesday, June 29, 1977
Frank Takacs of the NJDEP was notified by Ed Inman, New Jersey
Department of Water Resources, of black water in the surf line at Beach
Haven, New Jersey. An investigation by the NJDEP indicated no black
water. Three water samples were collected. Analysis of the samples
indicated normal plankton populations but a great deal of debris and
detritus.
E-12
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Thursday, June 30, 1977
The USEPA helicopter investigated the black water situation at
Beach Haven, Mew Jersey. There was no indication of black water in the
area.
Frank Takacs of the NJDEP reported thousands of green worms invading
Normandy Beach, Avon and Belmar, New Jersey. Samples were collected
by the NJDEP. The worm samples were identified by Dr. Royal Nadeau,
USEPA, as being the polychaete worm Scolelepsis squamata. This was the
same worn whose fecal pellets washed up on New Jersey beaches the previous
summer (1976)
E-13
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Friday, July 1, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported no water discoloration
observed in their flight over Long Island, New York.
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP reported clear water from Shark River
to Sandy Hook. Three samples were collected (Avon, North Beach, and Earle
Pier). Analysis of the samples indicated a few nannoplankton and diatoms
at N7orth Beach and Earle Pier and sparse numbers of Prorocentrum
minimum and Massartia rotundata at Avon.
Saturday, July 2, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported no water discoloration
along Long Island, New York shore, in the New York Bight, or along
the New Jersey shore.
Tuesday, July 5, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported no water discoloration
along the Long Island, New York shore, in the New York Bight, or along
the New Jersey shore.
Wednesday, July 6, 1977
No reported water discoloration by the NJDEP or USEPA.
E-14
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Thursday, July 7, 1977
No reported water discoloration by the USEPA helicopter. Frank
Takacs of the MJDEP was notified of a possible bloom 3s* miles off
Atlantic City, approximately h mile long and 100 yards uide. No samples
were taken.
Friday, July 8, 1977
Frank Takacs of the NJDEP was notified of a possible bloom at
Pier 7, Atlantic City Marina. The USEPA helicopter investigated the bloom.
The investigation revealed the discoloration was due to red paint.
The ocean was clear along the entire flight to Atlantic City.
Saturday, July 9, 1977
»
The USEPA sampling crew reported a bloom in Sandy Hook Bay one
half mile off Earle Pier. Two samples were taken. Analysis of the
samples revealed a bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus in Sandy Hook Bay
(18,750 cells/ml).
Monday, July 11, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP reported no water discoloration along
the beaches from Avon to Sandy Hook or in Sandy Hook Bay. Samples
were collected. Analysis of the samples did not indicate the presence
of a bloom condition.
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported water discoloration
from Monmouth Beach to Long Branch (from beach to approximately 9 miles
offshore). Samples were taken. Analysis of the samples indicated
a bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus (40,625 cells/ml).
E-15
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Tuesday, July 12, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP reported no water discoloration on
her routine sampling run. Samples were taken. Analysis of the samples
indicated a non-visual bloom of a green nannoplankter from the Sandy
Hook Coast Guard Dock to the Park Gate. The nannoplankter was present
in non-bloom numbers at the other routine stations down to Avon.
Olisthodiscus luteus was present in sparse numbers at Avon.
Wednesday, July 13, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP reported the beaches, ocean, and bay
were clear from Sandy Hook to Avon. Samples were taken. Analysis of
the samples indicated a bloom of a green nannoplankter at Earle Pier.
k
At Sandy Hook Park Gate and Long Branch Pier, no bloom levels were
observed.
Thursday, July 14, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP reported the beaches, ocean, and bay
clear from Sandy Hook to Avon. Samples were taken. Analysis of the
samples indicated nothing indicative of a bloom condition.
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported water discoloration
approximately I mile offshore from Sea Bright south to Long Branch.
A sample was taken. Analysis of the sample indicated a bloom of a
green nannoplankter (dominant species). Ciliated protozoa and diatoms
were also present.
Dr. John Mahoney of the Samdy Hook Marine Laboratory reported the
presence of Prorocentrum micans in Sandy Hook Bay.
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Friday, July 15, 1977
Barbara Kurtz and Doris Cone of the NJDEP collected samples from
the routine in-shore stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a
green nannoplankter (500,000 cells/ml) at Earle Pier, a mild bloom
of Olisthodiscus luteus and Massartia rotundata at Sandy Hook Park
Gate and Bradley Beach. A moderate bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus at
Long Branch Pier. Asbury Park was relatively clear but flagellates
were present.
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported water discoloration
off Long Branch and in Sandy Hook Bay. Water samples were collected.
Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of Olisthodiscus luteus at
Long Branch and a bloom of a green nannoplankter in Sandy Hook Bay.
•
Saturday, July 16, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew observed water discoloration
off Earle Pier and some streaks off Long Island. The water off Sandy
Hook appeared clear. No samples were taken.
Doris Cone of the NJDEP collected water samples at five stations.
Analysis of the samples indicated a heavy bloom of a green nannoplankter
at Sea Bright. There was no indication of a bloom condition at Bradley
Beach, Long Branch Pier, or Sandy Hook Park Gate.
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Sunday, July 17, 1978
Barbara Kurtz of Che MJDEP collected water samples at five stations.
Analysis of the samples indicated a heavy bloom of a green nannoplankter
at Earle Pier (400,000 cells/ml) and a mild bloom of Massartia rotundata
(10,000 cells/nil) at Sandy Hook Park gate. There was no indication of a
bloom condition at Bradley Beach, Long Branch Pier, or Monmouth Beach.
Tuesday, July 19, 1977
Frank Takacs of the NJDEP was notified of water discoloration
off Seaside Park and Point Pleasant. Samples were taken. Analysis
of the samples indicated light concentrations of Massartia rotundata
along the beaches from Point Pleasant to Seaside Park (2,000 cells/ml)
with a mild bloom at Bay Head (10,000 cells/ml).
»
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP reported water discoloration at Earle
Pier and the Sandy Hook Coast Guard Dock. Samples were taken. Analysis
of the samples indicated a heavy bloom of a green nannoplankter (250,000
cells/ml) in Sandy Hook Bay.
«
Wednesday, July 20, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected two samples. Analysis of the
samples indicated a heavy bloom of Massartia rotundata (250,000 cells/ml)
and a moderate bloom of Massartia rotundata (22,000 cells/ml) at Earle
Pier. There was no indication of bloom conditions at Long Branch Pier.
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported water discoloration
100 yards off Sandy Hook, 2 miles long and *£ mile wide extending
southward from the tip of Sandy Hook. A sample was taken. Analysis
E-18
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of Che samples indicated a heavy bloom of a green nannoplankter (250,000
cells/ml), and a mild bloom of Massartia rotundata (22,000 cells/ml).
Thursday, July 21, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples. Analysis
of the samples indicated a heavy bloom of a green nannoplankter at
Earle Pier (300,000 cells/ml). There was no indication of a bloom
condition at the Sandy Hook Park gate or at Long Branch Pier.
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported dense red brown dis-
coloration in Sandy Hook Bay from Earle Pier to Sandy Hook. The mouth
of the Raritan River also had red brown discoloration. The ocean south of
Long Branch to 12 miles offshore was clear. A sample was taken in
Sandy Hook Bay. Analysis of the samples indicated a heavy bloom of a green
nannoplankter (300,000 cells/ml) and a mild bloom of Massartia rotundata
(9,000 cells/ml) and Euqlena sp. (44,000 cells/ml). Olisthodiscus luteus
was also present (10,000 cells/ml).
Friday, July 22, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples. Analysis
of the samples indicated a heavy bloom of a green nannoplankter (220,000
cells/ml) and a mild bloom of unidentified Cryptophytes (37,000 cells/ml)
at Carle Pier. A bloom of a green nannoplankter (92,000 cells/ml) at
the Sandy Hook Park gate and Long Branch Pier (35,000 cells/ml) was
also present.
E-19
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Saturday, July 23, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported water discoloration
in Rantan-Sandy Hook Bay extending from Sandy Hook to the mouth of the
Raritan River and the mouth of the Great Kill. In the ocean, dis-
coloration extended from Sandy Hook to Seaside Heights (from shore to 24 miles)
The discoloration was intense off Monmouth Beach and Long Branch. A
sample was taken east of JIanasquan Inlet 3/4 miles offshore and 2.4 miles
off Manasquan. Analysis of the sample indicated a heavy bloom of a
green nannoplankter (150,000 cells/ml). Prorocentrutn minimum, Prorocentrum
micans,Massartia rotundata, and Olisthodiscus luteus were present in low
numbers (£'100 cells/ml) .
Sunday, July 24, 1977
•
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported patches of water dis-
coloration from Long Branch to Asbury Park. At Asbury Park, Ulva (a
green alga) was floating on the beach. At Seaside Park, the water was
greenish brown. Sandy Hook Bay appeared clear. A water sample was
taken ^ mile south of Long Branch. Analysis of the sample did not indicate
a bloom condition.
Monday, July 25, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected five water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated blooms of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (150,000 cells/ml), North Beach, Sandy Hook
(100,000 cells/ml), Sandy Hook Park gate (100,000 cells/ml), Long
Branch pier (100,000 cells/ml), Avon (29,000 cells/ml).
Tuesday, July 26, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected eight water samples at the
E-20
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roucine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated blooms of a green
nannoplankter, at Earle Pier (175,000 cells/ml), Bahrs Dock (220,000 cells/ml),
Sandy Hook Park gate (117,000 cells/ml), North Beach, Sandy Hook (75,000
cells/ml), Coast Guard Dock, Sandy Hook (140,000 cells/ml), Long Branch
pier (40,000 cells/ml), Avon (7,000 cells/ml), Oceanic Bridge (225,000
cells/ml).
Thursday, July 28, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier, Sandy Hook Park gate, and Long Branch Pier.
Friday, July 29, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated blooms of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (300,000 cells/ml), Sandy Hook Park gate
(150,000 cells/ml), and Long Branch Pier (75,000 cells/ml).
Saturday, July 20, 1977
The USEPA helicopter crew reported that the water looked clear in
Raritan-Sandy Hook bay and along the New Jersey coast south to Island
Beach State Park. No samples were taken.
Monday, August 1, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported a long line of detritus
along the Long Island surf extending from Jones Beach to Fire Island.
A sample was taken. Analysis of the sample indicated a heavy concentration
of detritus. No bloom condition was evident. The helicopter also
conducted transects along the New Jersey coast off Atlantic City, Barnegat
Light, and Seaside Heights. No water discoloration was observed or samples
taken.
E-21
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Tuesday, August 2, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected eight water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (100,000 cells/ml). North Beach, Sandy
Hook was heavy with detritus (45,000 particles/ml). All the other stations
were clear.
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported no water discoloration
along the New Jersey Coast from Raritan Bay to Asbury Park. No water
discoloration was observed in the New York Bight or along the coast of
Long Island.
Thursday, August 4, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported water discoloration about
20 feet off the surf line from Sandy Hook to possibly Point Pleasant.
A sample was taken at Sandy Hook Park Gate. Analysis of the sample
indicated a bloom of Massartia rotundata (13,000 cells/ml) and a green
nannoplankter (84,000 cells/ml).
In a second observation flight, the crew observed three areas of
water discoloration. 1. 1^ miles south of the tip of Sandy Hook to Long Branch
from the surf to about 1^ to 2 miles off shore. 2. Allenhurst to the
south end of Asbury Park, patches 50-100 feet wide from the surf to h
miles out. 3. South side of Shark River Inlet to South end of Spring
Lake from the surf to 4 mile out. Three samples were taken.
At Sandy Hook Park gate, a bloom of Massartia rotundata (13,000
cells/ml) and a green nannoplankter (280,000 cells/ml). At Long Branch,
a bloom of a green nannoplankter (150,000 cells/ml). At Allenhurst, a
bloom of Massartia rotundata (10,000 cells/ml) and a green nannoplankter (110,00
E-22
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cells/ml). Ac Shark River Inlet, a bloom of Massartia Rotundata(12,OQQ cells/ral
and a green nannoplankter (230,000 cells/ml).
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of Massarcia
rotundata (50,000 cells/ml) and a green nannoplankter (150,000 cells/ral)
at Earle Pier. At Sandy Hook Park gate, and Long Branch Pier, Massartia
rotundata (1,000 - 2,000 cells/ml) and a green nannoplankter (50,000 - 70,000
cells/ml) were present.
Friday, August 5, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported the New Jersey coast
from Atlantic City to Lavallette was clear. From Lavallette to Belmar,
water discoloration was observed k to ^ miles in width. The dis-
coloration was in the surf zone in some areas and about 1,000 feet off
the beach in other areas. No samples were taken.
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected six water samples at the routine
stations. Analysis of the samples indicated the presence of a green
nannoplankter at all the stations: Seaside Park (70,000 cells/ml),
Point Pleasant (90,000 cells/ml), Asbury Park (30,000 cells/ml), Long
Beach Pier (50,000 cells/ml), Sandy Hook Park gate (90,000 cells/ml),
Earle Pier ( 80,000 cells/ml). Massartia rotundata was present in
minor bloom concentrations at Seaside Park (5,000 cells/ml), Long Branch
Pier (7,000 cells/ml) and Earle Pier (6,000 cells/ml).
Tueady, August 9, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected eight water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated the presence of a
green nannoplankter at all stations. Navesink River (80,000 cells/ml),
E-23
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Shrewsbury Beach (40,000 cells/ml), Earle Pier (50,000 cells/ml), Coast
Guard Station (47,000 cells/ml), North Beach, Sandy Hook (47,000 cells/ml)
Shark River (51,000 cells/ml). A mild bloom of Massartia rotundata
was present at the Sandy Hook Coast Guard Station (8,000 cells/ml).
Thursday, August 11, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated the presence of a
green nannoplankter (100,000 cells/ml) and Massartia rotundata 4,000 cells
/ml at Earle Pier. The green nannoplankter was also present at Sandy Hook
Park gate (86,000 cells/ml) and Long Branch Pier (50,000 cells/ml).
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported some water discoloration
in Raritan Bay from Keyport out to Lower New York Harbor. No samples
»
were taken.
Friday, August 12, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (140,000 cells/ml)1. The green nannoplankter
was also present at Sandy Hook Park gate (68,000 cells/ml) and Long Branch
Pier (40,000 cells/ml).
Tuesday, August 16, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected eight water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (140,000 cells/ml) and Sandy Hook Park gate
(100,000 cells/ml). The green nannoplankter was also present at Bahrs
Dock (50,000 cells/ml), North Beach, Sandy Hook (53,000 cells/ml), Coast
E-24
-------
Guard Dock, Sandy Hook (87,000 cells/ml), Long Branch Pier (50,000 cells/ml),
Avon (71,000 cells/ml), and Oceanic Bridge (71,000 cells/ml).
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported no water discoloration
in their flight. They did collect a sample of a slimy mass observed
off Long Island. Analysis of the sample indicated the mass was composed
of comb Jellys (ctenaphores).
Thursday, August 18, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected three water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (230,000 cells/ml). The green nannoplankter
was also present at Sandy Hook Park gate (75,000 cells/ml), and Long
Branch Pier (40,000 cells/ml).
Friday, August 19, 1977
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported no water discoloration
in perpendicular coastal flights off Sandy Hook, Sea Bright, Long Branch,
Lavallcttc, and Seaside. No samples were collected.
Tuesday, August 23, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected eight water samples at the routine
stations. Analysis of the samples indicated the presence of primarily
a green nannoplankter at all the stations. The range was from 11,000
to 36,000 cells/ml. The stations were: Earle Pier, Bahr's Dock, Sandy
Hook Park gate, North Beach Sandy Hook, Sandy Hook Coast Guard Dock, Long
Branch Pier, Avon, Oceanic Bridge.
E-25
-------
The USEPA helicopter sampling crew reported water discoloration off
Staten Island and in Sandy Hook. Bay off Leonardo (100-200 yds from shore).
No samples were taken.
Tuesday, August 30, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected eight water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (101,000 cells/ml). The green nannoplankter was
also present at the other stations ranging from 52,000 to 69,000 cells/ml.
The NJDEP was notified by the shellfish personnel of streaks and
patches of discoloration about 1 mile offshore extending about 12 miles
from Sea Isle City to Hereford Inlet (North Wildwood). A sample was
taken. Analysis of the sample indicated the discoloration was caused by
chlorophytes (green algae).
Friday, September 2, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected four water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (113,000 cells/ml). The green nannoplankter
was also present at the other stations: Sandy Hook Park gate (44,000
cells/ml) Lonq Branch Pier, (19,000 cells/ml), Avon (35,000 cells/ml).
Tuesday, September 6, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected five water samples at the routine
stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green nanno-
plankter at Earle Pier (100,000 cells/ml). The green nannoplankter
vas present at the other stations, with the exception of Sandy Hook Park
gate (72,000 cells/ial), in relatively low numbers. There was an increase
E-26
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in Che number of diatoms present at all the stations.
Wednesday, September 14, 1977
Barbara Kurtz of the NJDEP collected seven water samples at the
routine stations. Analysis of the samples indicated a bloom of a green
nannoplankter at Earle Pier (100,000 cells/ml) and its presence at the
other stations in low numbers (=15,000 cells/ml).
E-27
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LITERATURE CITED
Cohn, M.S., and Van De Sande, D., 1975. Red Tides in the Mew York
-New Jersey Coastal Area. Underwater Natur. 8(3): 12-21.
Hurst, J.W., Jr., 1975. History of Paralytic Shell Fish Poisoning On
the Maine Coast 1958-1974, In. V.R. LoCicero (ed.) Proceed-
ings of the First International Conference on Toxic Dino-
flagellate Blooms. Massachusetts Science and Technology
Foundation, Bloomfield, Massachusetts p. 525-528.
Mahoney, J.F., Thomas, J.P., and Bogoslawski, W.J., 1976. Briefing
Book - Red Tide. NOAA, Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries
Center, Sandy Hook, NJ, 32 pages.
Malone, T.C. 1977. Phytoplankton Systematics and Distribution. M.E.S.A.
New York Bight Atlas Monograph 13. Albany: New York Sea
Grant Inst.
Ogren, L. and Chess, J. 1969. A Marine Kill on New Jersey Wrecks.
Underwater Natur. 6(2): 4-13.
Parker, J.H., Duedall, I.W., O'Connors, H.B., Wilson, R.E., 1975. The
Role of Raritan Bay as a Source of Nutrients and
Chlorophyll a for the New York Bight Apex.In Special Symposium
The Middle Atlantic Continental Shelf and New York Bight.
American Museum of Natural History. New York City p. 53.
Patten, B., 1961. Plankton Energetics of Raritan Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr.
6(4): 369-387.
Prager, J.C., and Smith, S.E., 1965. Single Cells in the Sea. Underwater
Naturl. 3(1): 8-14.
Prakash, A., Medcof, J.C., Tennant, A.D., 1971. Paralytic Shellfish
Poisoning in Eastern Canada. J. Fish Res. Bd. Canada
177:1-87.
Prakash, A., 1975. Dinoflagellate Blooms an Overview. In_ V.R. LoCicero
(ed.). Proceedings of the First International Conference on
Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms. Massachusetts Science and
Technology Foundation, Wakefield, Massachusetts, p.1-6.
E-28
-------
Segar, D.A., Barbarian, G.A., and Hatcher, P.O., 1975. Oxygen Depletion
in the New York Bight Apex: Causes and Consequences.
In Special Symposium The Middle Atlantic Continental
Shelf and New York Bight. American Museum of Natural History,
New York City, p. 61.
Sweeney, B.M., 1975. Red Tides I have known. _In_ V.R. LoCicero (ed.)
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Toxic
Dinoflagellate Blooms. Massachusetts Science and Technology
Foundation, Wakefield, Massachusetts, p.225-234.
E-29
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APPENDIX F
Viral and Bacterial
Studies in the New York Bight-
Summer 1977
-------
VIRAL AND BACTERIAL
STUDIES CONDUCTED
IN THE NEW YORK BIGHT
1976 & 1977
Francis T. Brezenski
Microbiologis t
-------
INTRODUCTION
For the past several years, EPA Region II has been monitor-
ing the Long Island and New Jersey beach areas. The standard
parameters of total and fecal coliforms were used to assess the
bacterial quality of bathing beach waters. Values received were
evaluated on the basis of conformance or non-conformance to state
bacteriological bathing beach standards and those recommended
by EPA. Records indicate that during this time, water quality
of the beaches has been acceptable in terms of those criteria.
Public awareness, however, has shifted to the detrimental
effects of sludge disposal in the New York Bight. Main concern
was for the possible transport, of contaminants from the sludge
disposal site 12 miles off the coast, to the Long Island and
New Jersey beaches. EPA responded by increasing its monitoring
activities at the beaches and in the Bight. First, additional
stations for bacteriological monitoring were established.
Testing parameters included total and fecal coliform bacteria.
Second, selected stations were sampled and analyzed directly
for bacterial pathogens. Such data was to supplement the coliform
results, which are supposed to indicate the possible presence of
disease causing agents. The third step was to initiate a viral
study in the area of the Long Island and New Jersey beaches.
This was in response to queries concerning the possible presence
of viruses in the recreational beach waters. So far, seven
beach areas were sampled for viruses.
-------
In order to keep beach viral data in the proper perspective,
additional areas were sampled in the New York Bight.
This was necessary since pollution loadings emanating from
the Hudson-Raritan estuarine system contain raw sewage, partially
treated municipal and industrial waste, combined storm-sewer
discharges and urban runoff. Additional loading from sludge
disposal constituted another potential viral source.
During the treatment process in sewage plants, bacteria
and viruses are sedimented with the solids that settle as
sludge. In this medium, bacteria may multiply while the viruses
cannot. Consequently, the ratios of bacteria to viruses become
distorted and of little value in establishing viral-indicator
relationships. With digested sludge, wide ranges in the ratios
exist. However, during the sludge digestion process, there is some
degree of consistency. Mesophilic digestion of raw sludge (35°C)
for approximately 20 days destroys 76.0 to 96% of the viruses,
95.0 to 99.3% of the fecal coliforms, 86.0 to 99.5% of the total
coliforms and 88.0 to 97.0% of the fecal streptococci. In
mesophilic digestion, coliforms are destroyed about ten times
faster than that at which the viruses are destroyed. The fecal
streptococci on the other hand, appear to be destroyed by.meso-
philic digestion at rates that closely resemble that for the
destruction of viruses. In thermophilic digested sludge (50°C),
total coliforms are destroyed more rapidly than fecal coliforms
which in turn are destroyed ten to one hundred times more
rapidly than viruses. The fecal streptococcal rates closely
-------
paralleled those of the viruses. It is obvious then that in
sludge receiving waters, poor correlations between coliform
numbers and viruses can be expected. The relationship can be
further distorted since viral survival in seawater differs
markedly from that of the coliform bacteria. Viral-indicator
relationships are important -- especially since bathing beach
criteria are based on the fecal coliform bacteria.
This report summarizes the data collected up to this time.
The data are preliminary and all of the potential viral sources
were not sufficiently sampled. Consequently, interpretation of
the data becomes difficult until all of the facts are in. Also,
in assessing the relative magnitude of virus numbers, recovery
efficiency must be considered. With this system, maximum viral
recovery was 35-40 percent, while the average recovery was 25
percent.
METHODOLOGY
Seawater samples for bacteriological assays were collected
five feet below the surface and filtered immediately on board
the EPA vessel or in a mobile laboratory. Total and fecal
coliform bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined
according to membrane filter techniques outlined in Standard
2
Methods. For salmonella, specific volumes of water were filtered
using a Balston filtration system, consisting of a Grade C pre-
filter 8.0 nin followed by a Grade AA 0.3 urn filter. After sample
filtration, the filters were cut in half. One portion was
placed in 300 ml of Selenite Cystine Broth while the other was
placed in 300 ml of Tetrathionate Broth. Subsequent isolation
and identification was carried out according to the procedures
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3
of Edwards and Ewing.
Viruses were recovered from seawater by the filter
adsorption-elution technique using the Aquella virus concentrator
on board the EPA vessel. Up to 217 gallons of seawater were
passed through a series of filters designed to retain the viruses,
specially when pH conditions were lowered to approximately
3.2. Elution of the viruses at pH. 11.5 produced a concentrated
sample which was then transported to the Edison Laboratory
where additional concentration was carried out to reduce the
sample volume. The final concentrate was frozen at -70°C
and shipped to the EPA Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio for virus
assay. The plaque forming unit (PFU) method using BGM
cells was used to assay the viruses. In general, the sampling
procedure and isolation methodology was optimized and largely
selective for the detection of enteroviruses which included
Poliovirus, Coxsackie A and B and Echoviruses (ECHO). These
viruses are members of the picornavirus group which comprise
the largest and most important group of human pathogens. The
viruses initiate infection in the alimentary tract causing local
symptoms of illness that may vary from severe to nonclinical
signs. The symptoms of the disease may then spread to various
target organs including the central nervous system causing
4
paralysis and death.
VIRUS RESULTS
Using the Aquella virus concentrator on board the EPA
vessel, sixteen (16) sites in the New York Bight were sampled
for enteroviruses. Sampling for virus was conducted in June,
-------
September, October and November of 1976. In 1977, sample runs
were made in February, March, April, May, June, July,
September and October. The somewhat irregular sampling schedule
was caused by a number of factors: bad weather, availability
of the vessel, modifications in the sampling equipment and
availability of the EPA Cincinnati, Ohio Laboratory to assay
the concentrates. This prevented sampling at times which
would more effectively coincide with seasonal changes and
maximum beach usage. Sixteen (16) stations which include
six (6) beach areas on Long Island and one on Sandy Hook were
sampled at least once. One station on Long Island, (LIC-02)
was sampled three times and (LIC-04) was sampled twice. A
total of nineteen (19) samples were processed during this phase
of the study.
Table 1 provides a description of the sampling stations
and their location. The selection of sampling sites was based
on the following: (1) historical bacteriological data, (2)
potential nearby sources of virus, and (3) the proximity of
coastal beaches. As a result, one beach area at Sandy Hook and
six beach areas in Nassau County were sampled.
Table 2 presents data on enterovirus isolations in the
Bight area. Eleven of sixteen stations gave positive results.
Coxsackie B2, B3, B4 and ECHO 5 were isolated at Seagate (SG)
where the count was 14 PFU. (During a trial run on September
5, 1975, the count was 5 PFU). Dye dispersion studies conducted
by the FWPCA in 1964 demonstrated that material introduced in the
northwest section of the Upper New York Bay can be found on the
Coney Island Shore within 32 hours after release. The raw sewage
-------
b
emanating from the Upper Bay may then serve as a source of
the viruses. The effect of the Hudson-Raritan estuarine flow
can be seen further south at station NYB30 where the
virus count was 9 PFU. The viruses were identified as Coxsackie
B3, ECHO 7 and Polio.
The highest viral density was obtained at station
J17B where the PFU was 481. Isolates included Coxsackie A7,
B3 and B5; ECHO 15 and polioviruses. Besides the Upper Harbor
flow, the high viral density reflects the discharges of Coney
Island sewage treatment facility and the treatment plants in
Jamaica Bay (especially on the outgoing tide). The treatment
plants only practice seasonal chlorination and it is not uncommon
to observe high densities of microorganisms during the non-
chlorination period. On February 28, 1977 when sampling occurred,
the total and fecal coliform density was 34,000/100 ml and
4900/100 ml respectively.
Station LIC01-0.125 miles off Rockaway Point, had a viral
density of 4 PFU. Isolates included polioviruses and Coxsackie
B3 viruses. Eddy areas along the Long Island coast probably
explain the difference in viral numbers. The same reduction in
bacterial densities occur at this point also. Progressing in
a southerly direction from the Narrows, bacterial densities con-
tinue to decrease dramatically. Dilution and die-off are probably
responsible for the low numbers. The enteroviruses, however,
persist. NYB-32A, located 2.5 miles south of Rockaway Point, at
Ambrose Channel shows an increase in PFU's. The total PFU for that
sample was 58. Viral isolates included Coxsackie A16, Bl, B2, B3, B5
* Polioviruses have not been characterized as to type, vaccine
or non-vaccine strain.
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ECHO 29 and polioviruses. Pollution originating from the
Upper New York Harbor system apparently flows in a south
easterly direction out into the Bight and towards the New
Jersey Shore. Station JC-03, 0.125 miles off Sandy Hook, con-
sequently, showed a higher virus count (41 PFU). Isolates in-
cluded Coxsackie Bl, B2, B3; ECHO 7 and polioviruses.
The sample collected at station SDS, located approxi-
mately 12 miles offshore in the sludge disposal site contained
17 PFU. The isolates included Coxsackie B2, B3, B4, B5; ECHO 15
and polioviruses. In a northerly direction from the sludge
disposal site, station NYB 42, 4.5 miles off Atlantic Beach,
contained 9 PFU. Enteroviruses isolated were Coxsackie B2,
B3, B4 and polioviruses type 2. Viruses were not detected in
the sample collected at LIC-07, 0.125 miles offshore at
Atlantic Beach. The same was true for station LIC-08 at Long
Beach, LIC-04 and LIC-03 at Rockaway Beach and at Jacob
Riis Park. Two of the three samples collected at station LIC-02
(Rockaway) gave negative results. The third sample contained
1 PFU. The virus was identified as Coxsackie B3.
Station NYB-34A, located 1.5 miles south of Rockaway
Beach contained 66 PFU -- the second highest density observed.
Enteroviruses identified were Coxsackie A16, B2, B3, B4, B5;
ECHO 15 and polioviruses. Station NYB-34A, 4.5 miles south of
Rockaway Beach (B-92 Rd.) had a count of 4 PFU. The isolates
were identified as Coxsackie B2 and polioviruses.
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8
DISCUSSION
The results of this study while preliminary in nature,
indicate that pathogenic human enteric viruses are present in
the New York Bight waters. Viruses were isolated twelve miles
offshore at the sludge disposal site; 4.5 miles south of
Atlantic Beach, 4.5 and 1.5 miles south of Rockaway Beach
and 0.125 miles off Rockaway Point. Viruses were not detected
at five of six beach areas sampled at Long Island. The only
positive beach sample on Long Island was 0.125 miles off Rock-
away Beach (B169 Rd.) where 1 PFU was recorded. The only beach
station sampled for viruses on the New Jersey Coast was at
Sandy Hook 0.125 miles offshore the Nature Center Building - Tower
The sample contained 41 PFU. In addition, viruses were isolated
at specific stations which suggest potential viral sources. In
summation, the preliminary data strongly suggest that the Hudson-
Raritan estuarine system flow and sludge discharges are major
sources of virus to the New York Bight. Raw sewage emanating
from the Upper Harbor and non-chlorinated waste from the
Coney Island sewage treatment facility and Jamaica Bay treat-
ment facilities from Sept 30 to May 15 constitute significant
contamination to the New York Bight.
Coxsackie viruses were detected at ten of the eleven
positive stations, (in addition, they were the largest number
of viruses isolated); polioviruses were detected at nine stations
while ECHO viruses were detected at six stations. The Coxsackie
viruses probably survive longer in seawater than do polioviruses
or ECHO viruses. This may partially account for their pre-
dominance in the samples analyzed.
-------
Coxsackie viruses are causative agents of numerous differenc
clinical entities which range from typical common cold syndrome
to gastroenteritis to severe aseptic meningitis and paralysis.
The viruses have worldwide distribution and man appears to
be the only natural host.
The presence of viruses pathogenic for humans in coastal
waters, create potential health hazards in two ways. First,
they can serve as a source of infection for bathers and others
using the waters for recreational purposes. Second, they con-
taminate overlying waters of shellfish beds. In the New
York Bight, shellfish harvesting is prohibited in the area
extending from east Rockaway Inlet south to Shark River Inlet
and a circular area extending out 18 miles west of the Sandy
Hook, New Jersey shore because water bacterial densities exceed
FDA standards. (See Figure 4).
There are no documented reports of viral disease outbreaks
traced to swimming in contaminated seawater. The lack of such
evidence, however, does not completely exclude that such infections
have occurred. Infections contracted may not have been reported,
or if they were, they probably were not linked with exposure
to contaminated waters.
Although there is a lack of epidemiological data on viral
diseases associated with swimming in polluted water, several
facts indicate that even low levels of enteroviruses in water
are of public health importance. First, the minimal infective
dose of enteroviruses for humans is very low. Only 1 to 2 plaque-
forming units of poliomyelitis is required to infect a human
being . Second, most of the enterovirus infections are sub-
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10
clinical in nature. However, individuals with such infections
can transmit the clinical diseases and wide range of incubation
periods can further complicate the epidemiology of waterborne
viral infection.
The growing concern of viruses in coastal waters has prompted
the establishment of permissible virus levels in recreational
waters. Melni'ck in 1976 recommended a limit of one infectious
Q
virus unit per 10 gallons of recreational water. Shuval
(1976) proposed a standard of no detectable virus in 10 gallon
Q
samples. Using the more liberal standard of one viral unit
per 10 gallons of water, four stations studied are in violation.
None of the six beach stations sampled on Long Island would
exceed the standard while JC-02, Sandy Hook Beach with 2.0 viral
units per 10 gallons of water would exceed the standard.
INDICATOR-VIRAL RELATIONSHIPS
It was pointed out earlier that viruses may survive for
many months in marine waters. Survival is dependent on
water temperature, pollution levels and virus identity. Cox-
sackie viruses exhibit the longest survival capacity^ polioviruses
the least and the echoviruses are intermediate. Sewage
affords some protection to the viruses and when present in water,
viral longevity is increased. During winter, when water
temperatures are lower, survival appears to be greater than
during the summer months. This effect is probably not due to
temperature alone but may result from an interaction between
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11
the viruses and soluble by-products of the biological flora
that damaged or inactivated the viruses. Consequently, the
longer survival of the viruses during winter months could be
attributed in part or in total to reduced biotic flora activity
at low temperature.
There are a number of studies which present good comparative
data on the relationship of viruses and coliforms. The consensus
appears to be a general tendency of larger numbers of total
and fecal coliforms to larger numbers of viruses, however,
there appears to be no consistent relationship of proportion
between the indicator and virus densities in marine waters. 1
As distance and time from the waste discharge point increase,
the ratio of indicators to viruses diminishes. In the New York
Bight study, the ratios indicate a longer exposure of the
coliforms and viruses to the ocean water environment. This is
indicated by the lower densities of coliforms as the distance
from the Upper Harbor increases out into the open ocean. Table 3
presents ratios of total and fecal coliforms to viruses at
stations in the New York Bight. The data indicate that fecal
coliforms were always recovered when viruses were present. In
six cases, however, the fecal coliform density was less than
200/100 ml. (Of those, four were 17 or less). At one station
that yielded viruses, the fecal coliform count was only
4/100 ml. In a study conducted by EPA on New Jersey coastal
sludge disposal outfalls during 1971 and 1972, fecal coliforms
were absent in 100 ml samples while 6, 4 and 1 PFU of viruses
were recovered from 100 gallon ocean samples. The ratios
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12
of fecal coliforms to viruses ranged from 3,170:1 to
350,000:1 while the ratios of total coliforms to viruses ranged
from 66,000:1 to 1,700,000:1. Although there was a general
tendency of larger numbers of viruses to be accompanied by
larger numbers of total and fecal coliforms, there was no
consistent relationship of proportion between indicator and
viral densities.
Since there was no constant ratio of coliforms to viruses,
it was expected that at times, viruses would be isolated
when indicators were absent or in low numbers. This in fact
was the case. Fifty-four percent of the positive virus samples
contained fecal coliform densities less than 200/100 ml.
BACTERIAL PATHOGEN RESULTS
Selected stations on the New Jersey and Long Island coast
were sampled from June 9, 1977 to August 19, 1977 for Salmonella,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and total and fecal coliform bacteria.
Results and sampling locations are presented in Table 4. Total
coliform levels for the 15 stations ranged from 1 to 41/100 ml.
Fecal coliform levels were extremely low with no value exceeding
6/100 ml. Concurrent assays for P_._ aeruginosa gave the same
type of results with the exception of one station JC-21 which had
a count of 64/100 ml. P_._ aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen
of man and animals capable of causing a wide variety of infections.
Since there are no P_._ aeruginosa standards for recreational marine
waters, it is difficult to explain the significance of that value.
However, some perspective can be gained by using information
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13
12
developed by other studies. It was suggested in one study
that P_._ aeruginosa probably does not occur in waters not
recently affected by human activity or the activity of domestic
animals. Where there was human activity, low levels of less
than 100 organisms/100 ml could be demonstrated in adjacent
waters. Densities exceeding 100 organisms/100 ml were observed
in waters receiving surface drainage from urban areas or
recently contaminated by sewage. P. aeruginosa densities from
1000 to 10,000/100 ml were observed in small streams below
sewage outfalls. The P. aeruginosa value received for
station JC-21, would then fall in the first category of low
level density. The lack of standards based on epidemiological
study, prevents an assessment of health hazard due to this
organism.
Two of the fifteen stations sampled contained salmonellae.
Salmonellae are enteric pathogenic bacteria capable of causing
gastroenteritis in man. There are over 1000 recognized
salmonella serotypes. At station LIC-01 (Rockaway) , S_._ enteritidip
ser. enteritidis was isolated from a two gallon water sample.
The fecal coliform count for the 100 ml sample was zero while the
P_._ aeruginosa count was 4/100 ml. §_._ enteritidis ser. senftenberg
was isolated from five gallons of water. The fecal coliform
count was 3/100 ml while the P^ aeruginosa count was 1/100 ml.
While the presence of salmonellae indicate a potential health
hazard, the full significance in these marine waters is unknown
since the bacteria xvere not quantitated. Without density inform-
ation, it is impractical to assess the health risk for the
organisms whose reported ID is 10 to 10 organisms.
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14
CONCLUSIONS
In response to public concern about sludge disposal in
the New York Bight, increased bacterial monitoring was initiated.
In addition to routine parameters, samples were analyzed for
enteroviruses and bacterial pathogens. The results presented
here are preliminary since the study is on-going. It was
possible, however, to formulate certain conclusions concerning
viral presence in the New York Bight.
1. Pathogenic human enteric viruses are present in
New York Bight Waters. The presence of enteroviruses in marine
waters creates a potential health hazard to bathers and others
using the waters for recreational purposes. In addition, the
viruses contaminate overlying waters of shellfish beds.
2. Coxsackie, echoviruses and polioviruses were identified.
The predominant isolates were Coxsackie virus types which were
detected at ten of the eleven positive stations. The higher
isolation frequency may be due to the greater stability of
these organisms in seawater.
3. Of nine samples collected 0.125 miles off Long Island
beaches, only one was positive for enterovirus. The positive
sampling off Rockaway contained 1 PFU which was identified as
Coxsackie type B3 virus.
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15
4. The data indicate that one significant viral source to the
Bight is the Hudson-Raritan estuarine flow. Investigators
purport that this system is the most significant source of
13
wastes into the Bight. The plume carrying most of the con-
tamination, normally flows along the New Jersey coast in the
western Apex. Viruses were isolated from several stations located
in the flow extending from Seagate south to Sandy Hook Beach.
During high river flow, the plume may spread into the
eastern Apex and it has been observed at times to cover the
entire Apex. This pattern of flow may, therefore, account for
the viral isolates at stations located further east. Sewage
sludge discharged in the Bight is a potential secondary viral
source, however, it is not possible at this time to differentiate
its contribution from that of the Hudson-Raritan estuarine flow
even though viruses were recovered at the 12 mile site (17 PFU).
Among researchers, there is consensus that sewage sludge contributes
a relatively small quantity of the total contaminant load in
the Bight. Additional sampling in this area will hopefully furthei
clarify sludge viral contribution.
5. There was no consistency in the ratio of coliforms
to viruses. Wide ranges in ratios of total coliforms and fecal
coliforms to viruses were observed. Over 50 percent of the fecal
coliform values for positive virus samples were less than 200/100
ml. However, it must be noted that whenever viruses were
detected in the samples, fecal coliforms were also detected.
-------
16
REFERENCES
1. Berg, G. "Indicators of Viruses In Water and Food".
Ann Arbor Science, Publisher Inc., 267-296, (1978).
2. Standard Methods For The Examination Of Water And
Wastewater, 14ch Edition, APHA, AIWA, WPCF, 928-935,
937,939, 980-932, (1974).
3. Edwards, P.R., and Ewing, Wm. H. "Identification of
Enterobacteriaceae", Burgess Publishing Co., (1972).
4. Borchardt, J.A., Cleland, J.K., Redman, Wm. J., and
Oliver, G., "Viruses and Trace Contaminants In Water
and Wastewater", Ann Arbor Science Publisher, Inc.,
3-19, (1977).
5. Proceedings, Conference-Pollution of Raritan Bay and
Adjacent Interstate Waters, Vol. 1, Third Session (1967)
6. Hetrick, F.M. "Survival of Human Pathogenic Viruses in
Estuarine and Marine Waters", ASM News, Vol. 44, No. 6,
300-303, (1975).
7. Plotkin, S.A. and Katz, M. "Minimal Infective Doses of
Viruses For Man By The Oral Route", In G. Berg (ed.),
Transmisssion of Viruses By The Water Route, Interscience
Publisher, New York (1967).
8. Melnick, J.L., "Viruses In Water, An Introduction", In
G. Berg, H. Bodily, H. Lennette, J. Melnick and
T. Iletcalf (eds.), Viruses In Water, American Public
Health Association, Inc., Washington, B.C., 3-11, (1976).
9. Shuval, H. I., "Water Needs and Usage, The Increasing
Burden Of Enteroviruses On Water Quality", In G. Berg,
H. Bodily, ri. Lennette, J. Melnick and T. Metcalf (eds.),
Viruses In Wacer, American Public Health Association Inc.,
Washington, D.C., 12-26, (1976).
10. Metcalf, T. G. and Stiles, Wm., "Survival of Enteric
Viruses in Estuary Waters and Shellfish", In G. Berg
(ed.), Transmission of Viruses by the Water Route, Inter-
science Publishers, New York, 139-447, (1967).
-------
17
11. Hoadley, A.W., "Potential Health Hazards Associated With
Pseudpmonas aeruginosa in Water", In Hoadley and Dutka
(eds.) Bacterial Indicators/Health Hazards Associated With
Water, American Society for Testing and Materials, Phila-
delphia, PA? 80-114, (1977).
12. Hoadley, A.W., McCoy, E. and Rohlich, G.A., Archiv fur
Hygiene and Bakeriologie, Vol. 152, 339-344, (1968)
13. Mueller, J.A., Jervis, J.A., Anderson, A.R., and Hughes, C.F.,
"Contaminant Inputs to the New York Bight", NOAA Tech. Memo.
ERL/MESA-6, (1976).
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18
TABLE 1 — VIRUS SAMPLE STATIONS — NEW YORK BIGHT
STATION NUMBER STATION LOCATION
SG Sea Gate, 0.125 miles offshore
(Norton Point)
J17-B Midway Between Rockaway and
Coney Island (Buoy FIR-2)
NYB-30 Ambrose Channel, Buoy 3.5 -
mi. from Coney Island, and 2.5
mi. from Rockaway Point,
(Buoy FI-5)
NYB-32A Ambrose Channel, 2.5 miles
from Rockaway, (Buoy FI-R-2)
LIC-01 Rockaway Point at Breezey Point
Surf Club (0.125 mi..offshore)
LIC-02 Rockaway, off B169 Rd.
(0.125 mi. offshore)
RP Riis Park, (0.125 mi. offshore)
LIC-03 Rockaway Beach, off 129 Rd.
(0.125 mi. offshore)
LIC-04 Rockaway Beach, off foot of
B92 Road
LIC-07 Atlantic Beach at Silver Point
Beach Club (0.125 mi. off shore)
LIC-09 Long Beach, off foot of
Grand Avenue (0.125 mi. offshore)
NYB-34A 1.5 miles south of Rockaway
between B169 and B129 Rd.
NYB-34B Ambrose Horn, 4.5 miles south
of Rockaway B-92 Rd.
NYB-42 4-5 miles south of Atlantic
Beach
SDS Sludge Disposal Site (between
NYB 26 and 27)
JC-03 Sandy Hook Beach (0.125 miles
offshore — Tower)
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19
TABLE 2— ENTEROVIRUS ISOLATIONS IN THE NEW YORK BIGHT
WATER
STATION
Seagate
Norton Pt.
J17B
NYB30
Ambrose
Channel
NYB32A
Ambrose
Channel
LIC-01
Rockaway
Point
LIC-02
Rockaway
Riis Park
LIC-03
Rockaway
LIC-04
Rockaway
LIC-07
Atlantic
Beach
DATE
SAMPLED
6/10/76
2/28/77
2/22/77
2/14/77
3/21/77
5/2/77
6/29/77
9/29/77
6/13/77
4/24/77
6/23/77
7/21/77
9/20/76
SALINITY
8/oo
-
29.6
30.4
29.4
30.6
28.5
28.7
28.7
29.5
30.6
30.2
29.8
TEMPERATURE
C
-
2.1
0.5
0.4
3.1
10.0
19.6
13.8
10.5
12.7
24.4
19.0
PH
(Su)
8.3
7.6
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.1
7.8
7.9
8.2
7.9
8.2
7.9
ENTEROVIRUS
PFU
14
481
9
59
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LIC-08
Long Beach
10/19/76
30.5
12.8
7.6
0
NYB34A
NYB34B
Ambrose
Horn
NYB42
SDS
JC-03
3/28/77
3/7/77
11/18/76
9/13/76
10/5/77
30.3
29.1
32.7
3.2
2.1
9.2
16.9
8.5
7.7
7.8
7.9
66
4
9
17
41
Sandy Hook
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TABLE 3 — RATIOS OF TOTAL AND FECAL COLIFORMS TO VIRUSES AT STATIONS IN THE NEW YORK BIGHT
STATION
5G
JDS
4YB-42
WB-32A
*YB-30
J17-B
WB-34B
,10-01
4YB-34A
.IC-02
JC-03
VIRUSES
(PFU/lOOml)
0.0037 (14.0)*
0.0041 (15.5)
0.0012 C 4.5)
0.0075 (28.4)
0.0012 C 4.5)
0.0620 (235.0)
0.005 ( 2.0)
0.005 ( 2.0)
0.0086 (32.4)
0.00013 ( 0.5)
0.005 (20.0)
FECAL
COLIFORMS :
(CFU/lOOml)
1,300
13
172
330
17
4,900
4
49
1,300
8
330
FECAL
COLIFORMS :
VIRUSES
350,000:1
3,170:1
140,000:1
44,000:1
14,000:1
79,000:1
8,000:1
98,000:1
150,000:1
62,000:1
66,000:1
TOTAL
COLIFORMS :
(CFU/lOOml)
6,300
330
490
790
230
35,000
33
70
1,300
13
1,090
TOTAL
COLIFORMS :
VIRUSES
1,700,000:1
80,500:1
410,000:1
110,000:1
190,000:1
560,000:1
66,000:1
140,000:1
150,000:1
100,000:1
218,000:1
* = ( ) - PFU/100 gallons
CFU = Colony Forming Units
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21
TABLE 4 — INDICATOR AND BACTERIAL PATHOGEN ISOLATIONS AT SELECTED STATIONS ALONG THE LONG ISLAND
AND NEW JERSEY COAST
Station No. Location
LIC-01
LIC-02
LIC-04
JC-21
JC-24
JC-14
JC-08
JC-03
JC-53
JC-49
LIC-03
LIC-12
JC-27
JC-33
JC-37
ND = None
* = For 1
Rockaway Ft.
Rockaway
Rockaway
Deal, NJ
Bradley Beach
New Jersey
Long Branch, NJ
Sea Bright
New Jersey
Sandy Hook Beach
Seaside Park
Lavallette, NJ
Rockaway
Jones Beach
Belmar, NJ
Sea Girt, NJ
Pt. Pleasant
Detected
•TC-01. LIC-02. LIC-04.
Date
6/9/77
6/9/77
6/9/77
6/29/77
6/29/77
7/21/77
7/29/77
7/29/77
8/5/77
8/5/77
8/12/77
8/12/77
8/19/77
8/19/77
8/19/77
two (2} ea
Total
Coliform
MF/ 100ml
11
41
21
3
2
6
28
8
4
29
23
1
5
20
6
lions were
Fecal
Coliform
MF/lOOml
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
6
1
0
0
1
2
filtered
Pseudomonas Salmonella *
aeruginosa
MF/lOOml
4
2
2
64
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
Serotypes
Isolated
S.
ser
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
S.
ser
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
enteritidis
. enteritidis
enteritidis
. senf tenberg
For JC-21 and JC-24, three (3) gallons were filtered
For remaining samples, five (5) gallons were filtered
-------
•.•,,...,._,.,_....,.,22 :;.;,,;x,r-_::/,.%.-..
NYP30
*
NYB32A
NYB34B
*
NYB42
*
SDS
»
FIGURE 1
VIRUS SAMPLING STATIONS LOCATED IN
THE NEW YORK BIGHT
^Stations positive for virus
-------
LIC13—'
LIC14—I
LIC15—'
LIC16—J
LIC17
LIC18—I
LIC19—J
LONG ISLAND LIC20-J
STATION LOCATIONS LIC21-J
1
? —
{
••^
1
•
-LI
SOUTHAMPTON'
'—LIC28
1—LIC27
1 LIC26
•LIC25
FIGURE 2
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24
:.'.-"* ***
!•:. "..'.""'• ' ••
ATLANTIC OCEAN
NEW JERSEY COAST
STATION LOCATIONS
BARNEGAT INLET
FIGURE
-------
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