Integrating the Toxic Release Inventory into
  a geographic information system (GIS)

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Executive   Summary
       The Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI), a database created under Section 313 of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, more commonly known as "Community Right
-to-Know",  has provided citizens,  industry and government officials with information on the
types and amounts of toxic chemicals which are released each year into the environment. This
information has led to many questions about the impact of these releases.  As William Reilly,
Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states: "What and where are
the most serious risks to public health and the environment?"  "How many people are affected?"
"How many and what types of ecosystems?"-The Toxics-Release Inventory: A National
Perspective. U.S. EPA, 1989.

       In the effort to help answer  these questions, the New York State Emergency Response
Commission (SERC) conducted a study, funded by a grant from the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, U.S. EPA, to evaluate  the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) in the
management and analysis of the TRI. A system of hardware and software, the GIS provides for
the ability to analyze the spatial relationships of toxic chemical releases relative to a wide
range of environmental, political, and social data, including  human populations  and other
organisms which may be exposed to toxic substances as a result of these releases. This report
summarizes the findings of this project and is intended to assist states,  and other users of the
TRI, who are considering integrating their region's TRI into  a GIS.

       Part 1  of this report outlines procedures to extract  a state's data from  the national TRI
database which has been formatted for the  National Library of Medicine's "TOXNET" system, and
convert this subset into a GIS database format.* The potentials  of the GIS to display the TRI as
well as combine the data through GIS overlay with other GIS databases is discussed.

       The latitude/longitude coordinates  submitted by facilities on the Section 313 "Form R"
has been used as a means of mapping the data. Many of the coordinates submitted by facilities
have shown to be inaccurate and in need of revision if the TRI is to be managed meaningfully in a
GIS.  In this respect, Section 1.5 of the  report outlines potentials of the  GIS to assist data quality
assurance  efforts.
       Part 2 of this  report demonstrates the ability to use the GIS for "risk screening" the
TRI as outlined in the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide. EPA, 1989.  This
allows for the establishment of a qualitative "relative  risk" assessment for  particular
chemicals, facilities, and geographic areas.  The GIS is shown to be capable of assisting in
several of the risk screening processes as outlined by EPA.  This includes automated mapping of
facilities which are  releasing toxic chemicals which s atisfy certain toxicological potency
conditions;  the assembling of facility site-specific data for evaluating plausible pathways of
exposure; and the determination of populations and ecosystems at risk.  A GIS based "risk-
screening" system  will enable the state to more effectively target future risk assessment
activities.

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       Part 3 of this report outlines efforts taken in this  project to  evaluate the ability to link
two commonly used atmospheric dispersion models to a GIS for use in detailed quantitative  risk
assessment analysis of the TRI.  The project has demonstrated the ability to convert computer
output from EPA's "Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model (ISCLT)", generated by the New
York State Department of  Environmental Conservation in a study  of incineration in the New York
City metropolitan region, and data from the  "Degadis" dense gas dispersion model, simulating a
SARA Section 304 release of hydrogen chloride gas at the General Electric Co. silicone plant in
Waterford, N.Y., into a GIS.  The linkage of output data from these models directly into a GIS
enables the model's estimates of toxic concentrations to be graphically  depicted as a map or
block diagram as well as provide for the  ability to directly associate toxic concentration levels
to populations and ecosystems potentially at risk.
* The TRI was converted into an ARC/INFO "point coverage", a GIS data format of the
Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) of Redlands, Ca. "ARC/INFO" software
stores geographic information as a digital map (ARC) with an associated relational database file
(INFO).

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Acknowledgments

      There were several individuals at a number of New York state agencies who provided
support to this project:

NY State Emergency Management  Office  (SEMO):
-Mr Joseph Hein, Title III Administrator, provided  direction  and guidance to the project.
•Mr Michael Cayo, Graduate Intern, produced many of the maps in Parts 1  & 2 of this report.

State Parks  Management and Research  Institute (PMRI):
-Mr Larry Spraker,  Director of GIS, provided the  technical expertise in geographic
information systems, programming and system analysis on which of much this report is based.

NYS  Department off  Environmental Conservation (DEC):
-Mr William Miner, New York State SARA Section 313 Contact, provided guidance and was a
valuable source of information on all aspects of  Section 313.
-Mr Ed Bennett, Chief, Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorology, provided expertise and
direction in the atmospheric dispersion modeling component of the study (Part 3).
-Mr Leon Sedefian, Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorology, coordinated the "Incineration
2000 Study" which was used in the linkage of the Industrial Source Complex Model to the GIS
-Mr Vito Pagnotti, Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorology, collected information needed in
the Degadis Atmospheric Dispersion Model example (Section  3.3)
-Mr Lawrence Alber, Bureau of Information  Systems Development, who coordinated DEC'S
completion the "Incineration  2000 Study" GIS activities in house.

NYS  Division of  Equalization  and  Assessment (E&A):
-Mr Tom LaRose, Chief, GIS Unit, provided both technical and administrative support to this and
other GIS efforts of the State Emergency Management Office.
-Mr Peter DuCharme, GIS Analyst, wrote the Arc  Macro Language programs (AMLs) linking the
Industrial Source Complex Model output to  the GIS (Section 3.2)
-Mr George Hilenbrandt, GIS Analyst, provided technical expertise in linking  the Industrial
Source Complex Model output to the GIS (Section 3.2)

SUNY College of  Environmental  Science  and Forestry  (SUNY ESF):
-Dr. Lee Herrington, Professor of Resource Information Management, served as an advisor to
the project.
-Ms. Andrea Rachko, Graduate Student, was responsible for producing the graphics and spatial
representations of the hydrogeologic conditions of the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y. (Section 2.3).

NYS  Department of  Health,  Center for Environmental  Health:
-Mr. Jia-Yeong Ku, provided technical expertise in the Degadis Atmospheric Model (Section
3.3).

       This project also received assistance from the NYS Legislative Task Force  on
Demographic Research and Reapportionment, which  supplied the digital coverages of
political boundaries;  the NYS Low-Level Radioactive Waste  Siting Commission, which
supplied the digital coverage of high yield  aquifers; and  the Office of Pesticides and Toxic

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Substances, U.S. EPA which funded the project as well as provided support through technical
input, data provision, and draft report review.
                                        Daniel O'Brien
                                        Project Manager
                                        New York State Emergency Mangement Office

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                      /
   Integrating  the  Toxic  Release  Inventory into  a
        Geographic Information  System (GIS)
   __ __ __	  i
                               v
A
         New York State Emergency Response Commission
•'\
           Lr
           •/

 Donald A. DeVito, Chairman
 SERC Working Group
 Public Security Building
 State Campus
 Albany,  NfY. 12226-5000
                                                     i
                                      /
                               Final
         rt
                               EPA  Xr816274-0l-0
                               January '1991
                                  >.

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Preface

       This  report summarizes work performed under a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
grant (EPA X-816274-01-0) to the New York State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)
supporting an effort to evaluate potentials of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to import,
disseminate, and analyze the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) database created under
Section 313  of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.

       In response to EPA's intent that grant awards support projects which  are transferable to
other states  and regions, this report documents project activities, including software
commands, procedures and computer programs developed in the project. The  GIS software
which has been  used  is ARC/INFO, currently in use by EPA and several New York state agencies.
Consequently, this report will be of greatest use to  users of ARC/INFO, however, principles
documented  in this report are capable of being performed with other GIS software packages.
Also, as New York state agency data has been used in various aspects of this project, certain
operations are particular to New York state  and will not be transferable to other states.

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Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
Executive  Summary

PART  1    Integrating  the  Toxic  Release  Inventory  into  a
            Geographic  Information  System  (GIS)

                                                                          Page
1.1   Introduction

      A. The Toxic Release Inventory-Background                               1
      B. The Toxic Release Inventory-Geographic Data                            2
      C. Use of Spatial Analysis in Evaluating the Impacts of Toxic Releases           2
      D. Geographic Information System (GIS) Technology                        2
      E. Objectives of the Project                                             3
      F. ARC/INFO Database Structure                                         3

1.2   Converting the TRI into an ARC/INFO Coverage

      A. Converting Geographic Data into a Coverage                              4
      B. TRI Formats Used in this Study                                        4
      C. Database Design: TRI Coverage                                         5
      D. Steps to Integrate the TRI into ARC/INFO                                6

1.3   Querying  the TRI with a GIS

      A. Querying the Map to List the TRI                                       1 0
      B. Querying the TRI to Generate a Map                                    1 0
      C. Displaying the Data as a Block Diagram                                 1 1

1.4   Integrating the TRI Coverage with  other  GIS Coverages

      A. Overlaying Coverages                                                1 5
      B. Establishing Spatial Relationships through Overlay Analysis                1 5
      C. Common Geography: Federal, State, and Local Government                  1 6
      D. List of Acquired and Developed Coverages                                1 7
1.5   Locational  Accuracy

      A. The Importance of Locational Accuracy                                3 7
      B. Identifying Points Outside of Boundaries                               3 7

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      C.  Comparison of TRI Coordinates with otherRegulatory Program Coordinates   3 7
      D.  Coordinate Comparisions with the NYS Assessment Role Levey Module       3 8
      E. Automated Map Generation                                           4 0
1 .6   Conclusion                                                         40
PART 2    Using  the  GIS  in EPA's  TRI  Risk  Screening
            Process

2.1   Introduction

      A. EPA's Toxic Chemical Release Risk Screening Guide                        4 9
      B.  Important Definitions                                               50

2.2   Toxicological  Potency

      A. EPA's Toxicological Potency Indices Database                             5 1
      B. TRI Coverage Linkage with EPA Toxicological Potency Indices Database       5 2
      C. Missing Data                                                       5 2

2.3   Exposure  Evaluation

      A. Combining Coverages to Compile Facility Site-Specific Data                5 4
      B. Generation of Template                                              5 4
      C. "Inner" and "Outer" Zone Referencing                                   5 4
      D. Using the GIS for Population Enumeration                               5 8

2.4   Conclusion                                                         59
PART  3   Linking  Models with  a GIS  for Exposure  Assessment
3.1   Introduction

      A. The Role of Models in Risk Assessment                                  6 8
      B. Models Addressed in this Study                                        6 8
      C. The Limitations of the TRI for Modeling                                 6 8
3.2   Industrial Source Complex (Long Term)  Model-U.S.  EPA

      A. Background                                                       6 9

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      B.  Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model (ISCLT)
      C.  Preliminary Test of ISC-GIS Linkage
      D.  ISCLT- GIS Linkage: Incineration 2000 Study
                                            69
                                            70
                                            74
3.3   Degadis  Dense  Gas (Short Term)  Model-U.S.  Coast Guard

      A. Accessing SARA Title III Section 304 "Accidental Release" Data
      B. Short Term Release Example: General Electric, Waterford, N.Y.
      C. Input Requirements for Running Degadis
      D. Description of the  Process
      E. Result
      F. Steps for Linking Degadis Model Output to ARC/INFO
                                           88
                                           88
                                           89
                                           89
                                           89
                                           90
3.4   Conclusion
                                           95
Appendix  A: Computer  Programs:
No.    Name
1     STRIPSTATE.F77.
2     STRIPREC.F77
3     STRIPPTS.AML
4     MAKETEMP.AML
5     MQUERY.AML
6     CALCON.AML
7     CALCSC.AML
8     CONGEN.AML
9     LATGEN.AML
10    TAB.AML
11    conc.pas
12    GRID.AML
Written  By
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
Appendix  B:  Data files'.
1     DECSEMO.PAT
2     AQUIFERS.PAT
3     DEC.PAT
4     SARADATA.PAT
5     CAS. PAT
6     DUTCHALRM.PAT
7     HUCO2.PAT
8     NYSAD.PAT
9     NYSCD.PAT
10    NYSSD.PAT
1 1    NYCNTY.PAT
12    NYMUNI.PAT
13    NYSEMO.PAT
14    NYRR.AAT

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15    NYQUADS.PAT
16    ROADS.AAT
17    TAXSECTIONS.PAT
18    TEMPLATE.PAT
19    TRI.PAT
20    RT235.PAT
21    RT4.PAT
22    RECEPTORPAT
23    SOURCE.PAT
24    NOTABLE
25    PBTABLE
26    CDTABLE
27    SCTABLE
28    TCTABLE


Appendix C: Database  Relationships

1      RT4RT2
2     RT2TRI
3     RT4TRI
4     CAS
5     SARADEC
6     CAS

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PART  1	


Integrating   the  Toxic   Release  Inventory  into  a
Geographic  Information  System  (GIS)


1.1   Introduction

      A.  The Toxic Release Inventory-Background
      B.  The Toxic Release Inventory-Geographic Data
      C.  Use of Spatial Analysis in Evaluating the Impacts of Toxic Releases
      D.  Geographic Information System (GIS) Technology
      E.  Ojectives of the Project
      F. ARC/INFO Database Structure


A.    The Toxic Release  Inventory-Background

       Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, also known
as Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), requires the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish an annual inventory toxic chemical
releases originating from a wide range of manufacturing facilities located throughout the U.S.
(over 300 toxic chemicals are reported under Section 313).  This database is known as the
"Toxic Chemical Release Inventory"  (TRI) with 1987 establishing the first year of data
collection.

      The TRI has been created for the primary purpose of informing the "community" of the
releases of toxic substances  to the environment. The rationale behind the creation of this
database is the U.S. Congress belief that an informed public can play an important role in
helping communites protect public health and the environment.

      Facilities subject to Section 313 reporting are required to complete a Toxic Chemical
Release Form (Form R) which is  submitted annually to EPA and to a designated state agency in
which the facility  resides.  (Note: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(DEC) is the  designated recipient of the duplicate copy of the Form R's for New York state
facilities).

      The TRI is the first database that the U.S. Congress mandated to be made available to
public through electronic media.  EPA has followed this directive by making the TRI available in
a variety  of formats: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM); computer diskettes (5 1/4
inch  diskette, dBase III and Lotus 1-2-3 formats); comfiche  (computer output microfiche);
magnetic tape (9-track, 6250 BPI, ASCII); and through telecommunications via the National
Library of Medicine's "TOXNET" system.  EPA has also recently provided "TOXIC DUMP", a PC
software which enables users of TOXNET to screen capture text-formatted data from system
queries and convert them into dBase III formatted files. As the users of the TRI may vary from
individual citizens, to public and private organizations, the best format to acquire the TRI data

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may vary according to computer resources.
 B.    The Toxic  Release Inventory-Geographic  Data

       The Urban and Regional Information System Association (URISA) has estimated that 80%
of all datasets currently maintained by national, state, and local goverments are geographic data,
that is, the data can be associated to a geographic location. The Toxic Chemical Release Inventory
(TRI) is one example.  As geographic data, the TRI is a potential database to be integrated into a
Geographic Information System (GIS), which according to a recent survey by the Council of
State Governments, are now being used by all states in a variety of applications, including
environmental analysis, land use planning, public safety, and  economic development.

       The growth of GIS over the last several years has led government agencies to undergo an
assessment of their geographic data for potential inclusion into a GIS. The New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation, for instance, has recently completed a Geographic
Data Source Directory (May 1990). in which over 75 geographic data sources, including the
TRI, were identified as having  potential GIS applications.  This project is intended to assist in
this effort by focusing on specific issues related to TRI integration  and applications on a GIS.
C.    Use  of Spatial  Analysis  in  Evaluating the  Impacts of Toxic Releases
       Spatial analysis is a major component of the processes which are used to the evaluate the
risks associated with toxic chemical releases. This may include identifying populations located
near facilities which are releasing toxic substances; projecting the concentration levels of toxic
chemicals at locations relative to points of release; identifying exposure pathways such as water
supplies which  may be located near releases; determining the chemical transformation at
distances  from  a release point; or the mixing of substances from neighboring facilities which
are forming  more toxic substances in the process.

       The current TRI database, as it  exists in the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET
system format, can not be easily analyzed in a spatial manner.  For instance, one can not make
the association of a reported release to the land from a particular facility to the hydrogeologic
conditions which exist at that site or identify nearby wells which may be contaminated by those
releases.  To accomplish this process, one would have to manually locate the facility on any
number of maps, located at different agencies, each having a different map scale.


D.    Geographic  Information System Technology

       A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system of hardware and software which is
used to capture, store, analyze and display geographic data.  The essence of the technology is the
ability to link geographic data to map features, i.e. property assessment data linked to individual
parcels on a tax map.  This ability lets  the user query either the map features to see information
from the database or query the database to see the  information displayed as a map. The
combination of  the computer graphics which form the  map in conjunction with the database
which stores information about individual features  on the map is referred to as a "coverage".

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Coverages can be combined through overlay, providing for the display and analysis of data from
disparate sources, such as a coverage of water transmission lines overlaid with a soils coverage.

       The rapid growth in the use of GIS is based upon the need for the spatial analysis of data.
Until recently, with the development of GIS, computers could not effectively analyze the intra
and inter spatial relationships of data.  A proposed route for a new highway, for instance, is not
easily analyzed relative to properties or rare and endangered species that would be affected.  The
importance of the GIS's ability to analyze  the inter-spatial and intra-spatial relationships of
data is underscored by the fact that most real world systems, such as an ecosystem or even a
transportion system,  function through  the spatial interactions of its various components.

E.    Objectives of the Project

       This report describes work performed under a grant from the  U.S. EPA, with the
objectives to evaluate the process and the potentials of converting the Toxic Release Inventory
into a GIS coverage;  the use of the GIS for data quality assurance; and analysis applications, such
as the combining of the TRI coverage with other data layers.
F.    ARC/INFO Database  Structure:

       This project utilized ARC/INFO, a vector GIS software package produced by
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) of Redlands, Ca.  As a "vector" GIS, the
map component of a coverage are stored as points, lines, or polygons, whose locations are
recorded as coordinates in one  of many possible map projections, i.e. latitude/longitude (a
"raster'GIS stores a  map as a combination of cells on a grid). Depending on the scale of the map,
points may represent a well site; lines a river; and polygons a lake. The "ARC" of ARC/INFO
refers to the map component of the software, with "INFO" the relational  database which is linked
to ARC.

       The integration of the  TRI into a GIS as outlined in this study  is essentially the process of
converting  the TRI as prepared for  the National Library of Medicine's  TOXNET system into an
ARC/INFO "point coverage".  Section 313 facilities are stored as points with  their associated TRI
data stored in INFO.

              ARC                             INFO

                               <	     Point  Attribute Table (PAT)

                               <            Arc Attribute   Table  (AAT)

                                g             Polygon Attribute  Table(PAT)

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1.2   Steps  to  Covert  the  TRI  into  a  ARC/INFO "Coverage"

       A.  Converting Geographic Data into a Coverage
       B. TRI Formats Used in this Study
       C.  Database Design: TRI Coverage
       D.  Steps to Integrate the TRI into ARC/INFO
A.  Converting the TRI into a Coverage

       The initial phase of the project was to determine a method to convert the TRI into an
ARC/INFO "coverage"-a combination of the digital map (ARC) with the attribute data stored in a
relational database (INFO). This process was simplified by the existence of the facility's
latitude/longitude coordinates in the TRI database.  This data is submitted as part of the
facility's "Form R" reporting (Page 1,  item 3.6).  The ARC/INFO software is capable of
"generating" a point coverage from these coordinates.  No digitizing was necessary.  Each
facility "point" was automatically assigned an internal  i.d. which relates a facility's  datafiles,
storing the TRI data for each facility (see: Database Design for specifics)

B.  TRI Formats Used in this Study

        This project evaluated the process of integrating the TRI to a GIS as it originates in two
formats:

1. National Library of Medicine  "NLM"  Tape FormaM987  reporting year.

       This is the original TRI source database as developed for the TOXNET system. It includes
all data from the Form R's for  all facilities located throughout the country. This project
developed a method to select out data originating from facilities within a selected state, thereby
enabling a state to integrate  to a GIS data from  facilities within its own territory as well as data
from facilities in neighboring  states which may be impacting the state (see Appendix A-1).

        The Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA, is making available this TRI  "NLM" tape
format on 9-track tape free of charge (4 tapes written at 6250 B.P.I.) to  each EPA region, state
and territory ( Contact:  Public Data  Branch,  Information Management Division (TS-793),
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS), U.S.  EPA,  Washington,  D.C. 20460   Tel:  (202) 382-3524).

       The 1987 TRI, the first year of Section  313 reporting, did not require facilities to  enter
latitude/ longitude coordinates on their Form R's. Consequently, this project encoutered
limitations with the 1987  TRI "NLM" tape format for demonstrating GIS applications.  This
dataset did, however, suffice for the purpose of evaluating the process of integration from the
"NLM1 tape format.  Note: The TRI  final rule  (February 16, 1988, 40 CFR Part 372) noted the
need for latitude-longitude data for use in GIS, and that firms which  had the information
"readily available" for their facilities  for the 1987  reporting year where required  to  submit it.

1987 "NLM"  Record  Types:

Record Type 1,  Facility Identification

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Record Type 2, Substance Identification & Waste Minimization
Record Type 3, SIC Code, D&B Numbers, EPA ID Numbers, NPDES Permit Number
Record Type 4, Release/Transfers:  ( Type  1-non-point air; Type 2 -point air; Type 3-Water
               Discharges; Type 4-Underground Injections; Type 5-Releases to Land;  Type 6-
               Publicly Owned Treatment Works; Type 7-Other off-Site Locations)
Record Type 5, Waste Treatment

2. NYS  Department  of Environmental Conservation's  "Condensed 77?/"-1988
reporting year.

       The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), the state agency recipient of
the duplicate copy of a facility's TRI  "Form R", enters selected fields of information from the
Form R's into what is referred to as their "Condensed TRI Database"

       This dataset was integrated into the GIS to demonstrate the ability to accommodate DEC'S
existing TRI data management strategy in addition to a desire to work with the most recent TRI
year; demonstrate a dBase III  file integration; and work with a dataset with coordinates  available
for all but 34 of 847 Section 313 facitlies. The DEC "Condensed TRI" also contained the
facility's lat/long coordinate which was submitted under the State Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (SPDES is a state delegation of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) program). This enabled a comparision of a facility's lat/long coordinate
submitted under Section 313 of SARA with the facility's SPDES lat/long coordinate (see Section
1.4 "Using the GIS for Locational Accuracy"). Note: A SPDES lat/long are the coordinates of a
facility's discharge pipe location(s).

       An initial obstacle in working with the NY DEC 1988 "Condensed TRI" was, although
Section 313 facilities were required  to enter latitude/longitude on the 1988 "Form R", this was
not one of the information fields which DEC entered in the "Condensed TRI" database. To
overcome this obstacle, a work task  of this project was to add this information from the "Form
R's" in storage at DEC, to the 1988 "Condensed TRI".
C.  Database Design: TRI Coverage

       An initial obstacle that had to be overcome in converting the TRI into an ARC/INFO
coverage was the inability of the INFO relational database of performing a "one-to-many"
relationship in which separate but related databases are queried. This capability was needed as
TRI data includes  a "one-to-many" relationship between a facility (one) and its release data
(many).  For  instance, a facility may release multiple chemicals, and each chemical may be
released to more than one medium (One Form R contains information on only a single chemical).
It is therefore necessary to store release information in a separate database from the general
facility  information.

       To overcome this obstacle, an Arc Macro Language program (AML) was written by Larry
Spraker, State Parks Management & Research Institute, which enables INFO to perform a "one-
to-many" relationship (see:  "MQUERY.AML", Appendix A-5).' (The Environmental Systems
Research Institute will be rectifying this limitation of INFO in  ARC/INFO release  version 5.1,
until which time MQUERY can be used to bridge this problem).  MQUERY.AML enables the user of
the TRI to query the release database,  i.e. identify all  surface water releases, and then associate

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this information to the facility database to find which facilities are releasing toxins into surface
waters.

The  database design  of the DEC  "Condensed TRI" coverage (Figure 1.2) includes:

1. "Points" as the coverage map or graphic feature (ARC);
2.  DEC.PAT, an INFO database of facility information ("point attribute table "PAT") linked by
internal i.d.'s to those points;
3.  SARADATA.PAT, an INFO database of release information which is linked to the facility
information database via relation "SARADEC" (Appendix C-5).

The  NLM tape format  TRI coverage includes:

1. "Points" as the map feature (ARC)
2.  TRI.PAT (facility information -1987 NLM Tape Format Record Typesl) linked by internal
i.d.'s to those points;
3.  RT235.PAT (other information -NLM Record Types 2,3,5.) related to TRI.PAT through
RELATION: RT2TRI (Appendix C-2)
3. RT4.PAT (release information -Record Type 4) related to TRI.PAT through RELATION:
RT4TRI  (Appendix C-3) and related to  RT235.PAT through RELATION: RT4RT2 (Appendix C-1)

NOTE: There have been changes made in the 1988 NLM tape format's "Record Types" of which
the reader must be aware if using the steps outlined in this report as  a guide:

1988 "NLM" Record  Types:

Record Type 1, General Facility Data
Record Type 2, Chemical, Maximum Amount,  Waste Minimization Data
Record Type 3, Manufacture, Process, Otherwise Use Data
Record Type 4, DUNS, EPA ID, NPDES Permit Data
Record Type 5, SIC Code Data
Record Type 6, Release and Transfer Data
Record Type 7, Summation of Release and Transfer Data
Record Type 8, Waste Treatment Data
D.  Steps to Integrate  the "NLM" Tape  Format TRI  into  ARC/INFO:

1.  Copy NLM database files to disk

2.  Strip the desired state data from the national TRI data. See program "STRIPSTATE.F77"
(Appendix A-1) .  This isolates an individual state's data from the national database.

3.  Strip NLM Record Types into separate ASCII files: RT1, RT2, RT3, RT4, RT5.  See Fortran
program "STRIPREC.F77" (Appendix A-2). This isolates the individual NLM Record Types so
that they  can be combined or entered  individually into "INFO" files.

4.  Define 5 "INFO" files to hold RT1,  RT2, RT3, RT4, RT5

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5.  Pull ASCII files into empty "INFO" files (ARC/INFO "GET" command)

6.  Create a "Generate" format file from the INFO file using the items:  User I.D and Lat/Long
coordinates.  This establishes a file for the software to create a coverage of points from the
lat/long coordinates (Step 7).

7.  Run ARC/INFO "GENERATE"  to create a point coverage with a "Point Attribute Table" (.PAT)
called TRI.PAT . Each TRI point in ARC will relate to the TRI.PAT (INFO) through a  User I.D.
(Note: RT1 will become the "Point Attribute Table (.PAT)"  for TRI.PAT)

8.   Strip  out multiple points for each facility  with "STRIPPTS.AML"  (Appendix A-3)  Multiple
points are a result of database entry of Page 1of the Form R's (facility information) for each
reported release.  "STRIPPTS.AML" writes duplicate points USER ID'S to an ASCII file
(IDASC.TRI).

9.  Pull IDASC.TRI into an INFO table (ADD command) to hold the User ID'S of points which were
deleted: IDCHANGE.TRI

10. Use ARC/INFO "RELATE" command: RT1 .PAT to IDCHANGE.TRI. Then select and delete
records from RT1.PAT based on the records in  IDCHANGE.TRI.  This leaves one record for each
facility.

11. ARC/INFO command "JOINITEM" RT2.PAT with RT3.PAT, RT5.PAT

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oo
          New  York  State


          Shell   Boundary
                                                                             IT!  TRI Points
                                                                  •*   -•      I—l
                                                                            Scale  1:2,632.057
      Figure 1.1  This map was produced by the CIS software generating

               a "point coverage" from lat/long coordinates which

               were submitted by facilities on Section 313 "Form R's"
                                                                                        9/6/90

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                                                      TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY CIS COVERAGE DATABASE DESIGN


                                                            One-to-many and many-to-one queries enabled by "MQUERY.AML1



                                                            1.  Relation: SARADEC

                                                            2.  Relation: CAS
One record
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                                                                                 (See Section 2.2 "Toxicological
                                                                                                        Potency")
Figure 1.2

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1.3   Querying  the TRI  with  a GIS

       A. Querying the Map to List the TRI
       B.  Querying the TRI to Generate a Map
       C.  Displaying the Data as a Block Diagram
A. Querying the  Map  to  List  the  TRI

       At times one will wish to list TRI data from a query of the map, such as a listing of
releases occuring from a cluster of facilities.  This process is again performed by the MQUERY
command utilizing the "list" option. An example of the syntax is as follows:

arcplot: mquery dec point saradata list
arcplot: reselect dec point box *
(User would then use mouse to box in facility points from the map for which a listing of data is
desired. List will appear in  window)

       To list information from both the general facility database (DEC.PAT, TRI.PAT) as well
as from the release database (SARADATA.PAT, RT4.PAT) the relationship which links the
databases must be stated in  the syntax as well as the items one wishes to see listed.  Example
lists name of facilities identified in box as  well as chemical CAS  and amount released from
stacks:

arcplot: mquery dec point saradata list name, saradec//stack, saradec//cas
arcplot: reselect dec point box *

B.  Querying the  TRI  to  Generate a  Map

       A power of a GIS is  the ability to query from  either the map (ARC) to display data from
the relational database (INFO) or to query the relational database to have that information
displayed as a map.  For example, figures 1.3 &1.4  are queries of the TRI for all facilities
which have released a particular toxic substance (ethylene glycol and chlorine) displayed by a
map.

       This process is performed by using the MQUERY command developed in this project. The
command syntax is as follows: (example  generates map of facilities which have released more
than 1000  Ibs. of clhorine from a stack  (CAS 007782505)

arcplot: mquery dec point saradata draw
arcplot: reselect saradata point stack > 1000
arcplot:  reselect saradata point  cas = '007782505'
arcplot:  (carraige  return)
Continue with mquery?: y

NOTE: ARC/INFO "reselect" command shown above selects a subset of the currently selected set
of records that matches a logical expression.  Example selects a subset of the TRI from the
                                          10

-------
release database "saradata" of point release poundage greater than 1000 Ibs. ( arcplot command
"reselect saradata point stack >  1000").  This is followed by the formation of an additional
subset of this currently selected  set of records  of those releases which are chlorine (reselect
saradata point cas = '007782505').  These records from "saradata" are now display as a map
by typing "y" (yes)  to prompt: Continue  with mquery ?) This operation is performed through
the linkage of the "saradata" database records to the facility database "dec" facility record which
in turn is linked to a coordinate point in the ARC point coverage.

C.   Displaying the  Data  as a Block Diagram

       The block diagram in Figure 1.5 provides a three-dimensional view of the TRI data  with
the release poundage values displayed as a surface over the state. This format may be an
effective  way to disseminate the data as it provides a means of displaying the geographic
distribution of TRI release  amounts in an easily interpreted graphic format.

       The "TIN" subsystem of  ARC/INFO, which stands for "triangular irregular network", can
be used to generate block diagrams of the TRI.  TIN enables the analysis of point data having  an x
and y value (i.e. lat/long coordinates) as well a "z" value, which is often an elevation value,
such as with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data produced by the U.S. Geological Survey.  For
applications in this project, the TIN points "z" values are handled as the release poundage value
of a TRI facility (Figure 1.5) and in Part 3 of this report, concentration values of a toxic
substance at locations relative to sources.

       A problem arises when using TIN or any other surface modeling software for displaying
the TRI  in that  the accuracy of a software generated three-dimensional surface is directly
proportional to the number and  distribution of sample points.  As the software interprets values
between sample points, territory between two facilities  is interpreted as a sloping ridge
connecting these two values, rather than two isolated peaks as shown in Figure 1.5. To get
around this problem the following steps are  taken:

1.  ARC/INFO  point  "buffer" command TRI facilities  10 miles  (or other value)
2.  Assign "0" as the z value to buffer circle arcs. This creates  a peak for each facility unless
another facility falls within this  buffer resulting in a range  with peaks.
3. Use arcedit to manually add sample points to this coverage in areas outside of buffered area.
Assign a "0" as the z value for these points.  This densifies the number of sample points such
that the  area between facilities  remains  flat.
                                            11

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     1987  New  York  State
        TRI Facilities
 Releasing  Ethylene  Glycol
[7]  TRI Facilities
   Figure 1.3 The GIS can be used to display information from a query of the TRI

Scale  <•:>, 632, 057
Note:  0   facilities submitting Lat/Long for 196  eporting year
                                                                   T«r>

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                                               	  KTMIM METAL
                                           ALUMNM CT"OT AMERICA C
                                                                         PIV
     OLZN COP,P. oeoou war KUMM nu,
        C.I. nrwi DC man i a. oeaot •
                                                                                   rApa ce. (TICONDCWIA HILL
MMLCTTt KATIWUt HUM IT. FAC.
                                                                                  co. OMMM uvn NIL
                                                                               lecnic ce. UIUCOMC PMOUCTI o
                            tun co
                        - MWT mi »nt
                     %JUIWIM. CHKCM. CORP.
              MM ROOM lUTtfl PWUriCAl [ON
                                                                                cs piv.or ITOUM owt
                                                                               :c co. (tcuuM puun)
    1988   DEC  TRI  Facilities
    Reporting  Chlorine   Releases

     (CAS   #007782505)
                                                                                   KHVICU CENT
Figure 1.4  The CIS is capable of printing information from the TRI with each
         facility point.  This often results in text overlap which requires
         editing.
                                                                                     3/5/90

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r/iree  Dimensional  Model  o/
CMorine  fle leases  (SfacJtJ
     Figure  1.5  The TRI can be displayed as a block diagram as shown below. This diagram shows the poundage
                of chlorine released from Section 313 facilities as peaks above facility locations. This may
                be an effective method of disseminating TRI data to the public as both location an quantity
                of release is shown graphically.
        v   ^t *••«-—-  .•• 'fr.^* .M
                                                                          Mzmmi^^,


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1.4   Combining the  TRI  Coverage  with  other  CIS  Coverages

       A.  Overlaying Coverages
       B.  Establishing Spatial Relationships through Overlay Analysis
       C.  Common Geography: Federal, State, and Local Government
       D.  List of Acquired and Developed Coverages
A.   Overlaying  Coverages

       The GIS's ability to overlay numerous coverages, such as a soils coverage with a slope
and  forest type coverage, provides for the  ability to examine the inter and intra-spatial
relationships of diverse datasets.  Unlike a computer-aided design and drafting system (CADD),
which merely traces one  layer over another, the GIS is capable of performing overlay analysis
allowing for the intersection of map layers to form new coverages.  For example, the -
intersection of a soils coverage with a forest  type and slope coverages, a new map could be
generated depicting areas which are thin sandy soils with a red pine forest cover existing on a
slope greater than 15 degrees could be generated.  This is an example of a "polygon-to-polygon'
intersection.  Other intersection analysis includes "line  in polygon" analysis  and "point in
polygon", which is most relevant to this study  as the TRI facilities are stored as points.

       The GIS's overlay capability is what enables the TRI to be analyzed relative to a wide
range of environmental factors, thereby providing a means to evaluate the environmental
context of toxic chemical releases and potential impacts which may result.  For instance, it is
possible to analyze the TRI relative  to watersheds, political districts, or hydro logical  conditions
at the site of release.

       When overlaying coverages it is important to keep in mind the scales at  which  the
coverages were originally captured (digitized,  scanned). Coverages  with different source map
scales may not coinicide  accurately when overlaid.  For instance, a hydrography coverage
(rivers, lakes, streams) which was captured from a base map having a scale of 1:100,000 (I
inch on the map is equal to 100,000 on the earth's surface)  overlaid with a coverage of
property parcels captured from a tax map  at 1:9000 may result in properties which fall on the
opposite side of a stream on the map than exists in  the real world.  The smaller the source map
scale (larger ratio), the less precise the coverage  will  be.
 B.    Establishing  Spatial  Relationships through  Overlay Analysis

       In addition to the visual representation of the inter spatial relationships of various
 coverages provided by overlay, a number of spatial analysis operations can be performed with
 the TRI coverage. As this project has handled the Section 313 facilities as a "point coverage",
 the overlay analysis  operations which can be performed include:

 1.  Generating a circle around the TRI facility point a specified distance (ARC/INFO "BUFFER"
 command) to identify points,  lines, or polygons from other coverages which fall within the
 circle.  This  may include, for example, well sites or property parcel centroids (ARLM File)
 within an "inner zone" (see:  Section 2.3 "Exposure Evaluation").
                                            15

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2.  Point in polygon analysis.  Using ARC/INFO's "IDENTITY" command (polygon option),
attribute data from the "polygon attribute table" in which the TRI point is intersected will be
transferred to the TRI "point attribute table".  For example, an intersection of the TRI coverage
with a coverage of U.S.G.S quadrangle boundaries having an item "quadrangle name" in the
"polygon attribute table" will add this item  to the  TRI "point attribute table" (see: Figure 1.25)
This enables the ability to generate a printout of all TRI facilities within selected polygons, such
as all the TRI facilities located on a pacticular quad sheet, an individual watershed, or all
facilities within  a selected congressoinal district.

3.  Assign data from the nearest arc ("arc  attribute table") to the TRI "point attribute table" via
ARC/INFO's IDENTITY command (line option).  This was used in this study to assign the river
reach sequence number from EPA's "River  Reach" file  to the TRI "point attribute table",
thereby providing a link to EPA's water quality data system.

(Note: Loren Hall, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA comments on a draft of this report: "The
description of assigning reach numbers to the TRI facilities indicates a potential misuse of the
GIS capabilities to associate features based on proximity, and should not be used as an example  of
assigning arc data to points. The problem can arise because the reach file is relatively sparse,
with  traces taken from 1:250,000  scale maps, while many permits will  list streams  not
included in this  file. In such cases, standard practice  is to examine maps to identify the nearest
downstream reach segment from the one not in the reach file, and assign that segment's number
to the discharge point, and note a link.  These data have been captured for virtually all TRI
facilities in the  IBM Industrial  Facilities Discharge (IFD) file. This file could have been
consulted to identify a reach number for the TRI facilities with NPDES permits.  Facilities
transferring chemicals to POTWs could be matched to identify the reach number receiving the
POTW discharge.")

4.  Calculate the distance of the TRI point to points from other coverages using ARC/INFO's
"NEAR" command.  For instance, the distance to all properties surrounding a facility can be
calculated.
C.   Common  Geography: Federal, State and Local  Government

       One of the great promises of a GIS is the ability to combine data which originates from
diverse governmental agencies, having separate tasks, yet sharing a common geography.  The
spatial integration of this data can shed new light on individual datasets as well as provide for a
more comprehensive understanding of an environment through the assemblage over numerous
GIS layers.  The recognition of the value of shared GIS databases promotes inter-agency and
inter-departmental  cooperation.

       As database creation is often the costly element in developing a GIS and to avoid costly
duplication, it is important to be able to access existing GIS databases which may have been
created by other federal, state, and local governments.  Consequently, the development of a GIS
which can be used to analyze  the TRI will usually involve a combination of coverages accesssed
from any number of sources.  To demonstrate this principle, this project assembled a variety of
coverages from a number of sources which were combined through overlay analysis with the
TRI coverage.
                                           16

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D.  List of Acquired  and Developed Coverages

        A major work componet of the project was the development and acquisition of GIS
coverages to combine with the TRI coverage. This effort involved establishing contacts within a
number of agencies, sending letters of request for datasets, obtaining administrative approvals
and making data release agreements.  The purpose of which was to demonstrate the ability of the
technology to spatially analyze the TRI relative to a range of environmental medium, as well as
demonstrate the ability to combine data originating from a number of federal, state and local
sources. The integration of data from diverse sources is a great promise of the GIS technology as
government will be able to function more efficiently with agencies able  to make decissions
which take  into consideration diverse factors, no longer operating within the vacuum of their
own narrow regulatory focus.

The   coverages  acquired for  this project  were  as follows:

-High Yield Aquifers  (Figure  1.16, Datafile: Appendix B-2) Source Data Scale: 1:250,000
Acquired from the NYS Low Level Radioactive Waste Siting Commission. This is one of several
GIS coverages developed by the Commission which is being used to determine areas which are
unsuitable for locating the waste site.  By overlaying a number coverages, each identifying
unsuitable areas for the waste site, the Commission is identifying those areas which are
potential sites. This data came in Digital Line Graph format (DLG) and had to be converted to
ARC/INFO format.  This coverage has enabled the overlaying of TRI facilities which reported
discharges  to the groundwater with the groundwater conditions at that location.

-Hydrologic Units (Figures 1.14, 1.12,  1.10; Datafiles:  Appendix B-7)  Source Data  Scale:
1:500,000-Acquired from EPA's  prototype "GRIDS" system which is being developed for GIS
database dissemination. This database has allowed the ability to sum toxic releases occurring
within a particular watershed.

•New York State Assembly, Senate  and Congressional Districts  (Figures  1.17,
1.18,  1.19,  1.20,  1.21,  1.22;  Datafiles: Appendix B-8, B-9, B-10  ) Source Data Scale:
1:24,000.  Acquired from the New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research
and Reapportionment. These coverages enable  the GIS to group the TRI data by political district
and summarized in a  report format  (printout).

-New York State Quadrangle Boundaries (Figure  1.9; Datafile: Appendix B-15  ) Source
Data Scale: 1:24.000-Acquired by the Parks Management and Research Institute prior to this
project from NYS Division of Equalization  and Assessment.  This coverage enables one to quickly
identify the quad in which a facility resides.

-River  Reach File (Figures 1.11,1.13,1.15; Datafile: Appendix B-14)   Source Data  Scale:
1:250,000.  Acquired from EPA "GRIDS".   This data set provides a statewide coverage of
hydrography with the ability to link with EPA's data on water quality which can be compared to
TRI.

-New York State Municipal  Boundaries  (Figure 1.7; Datafile: Appendix B-12)  Source
Data Scale:1:24,000. Acquired from NYS E&A.  This data set enables the potential to automate a
                                           ]7

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map of a community's TRI as a means to disseminate TRI data.

-Dutchess Co. Roads/Rails (Figure 1.23; Datafile: Appendix B-16)  Source Data Scale:
1:24,000-Acquired from NYS DOT through NYS E& A. Dutchess Co was used to demonstrate the
integration of an existing statewide databases such as DOT'S "Class" file.

-Dutchess &  Saratoga Co. Assessment Role Levy  Module (Figures  1.24, 2.3,  3.2,
3.3, 3.14;  Datafile: Appendix B-6) Source Data Scale: Generally 1:400-Acquired from  NYS
E&A.   Assessment data for each property parcel (coverage available for most NYS counties-see
Figure 1.24) includes a state plane coordinate which  is the geographic  "centroid" of a parcel
taken  from the tax map.  The assessment data is converted into a GIS "point coverage" by NYS
E&A from what is known as the "Real Property Information System (RPIS)".  These coverages,
stored by county, have been used in this project to demonstrate the ability to more accurately
locate TRI facilities as well as identify properties and derive population figures which may be
affected by toxic releases  (exposure evaluation).  An important attribute of this data is a land
use code assigned to each parcel. This enables the development of land use maps (theissian
polygon generation) as well as the ability to search for various facilities, i.e  hospital or an
industrial facility by querying land uses of  property.

Note:  The  Eire Co. GIS ARLM file coverage was used during this project to provide information in
map and printout form to EPA and FEMA on properties surrounding the  location of a discovery of
toxic chemicals in the ground at a trailer park in the Forest Glen area of Niagara Falls, N.Y.

Developed Coverages:

-New  York State County  Boundaries (Figure 1.6; Datafile: Appendix B-11)  Source Data
Scale: 1:24,000. Created by ARC/INFO command "DISSOLVE" on municipal coverage (NYMUNI)
using  county identifer digits  in "SWIS" code (Appendix  ).

-New  York State  Emergency  Management Office  Districts: (Figure 1.8;  Datafile:
Appendix: B-13) Source Data Scale: 1: 24,000. Created by ARC/INFO command "DISSOLVE" on
NYS County boundaries.

Others (not  referenced):
-Saratoga  Co. Tax Map  Sections (Datafile  B-17)
-Sample TRI  facility  boundaries:  G.E. Waterford (Figure 3.13); I.B.M.  East  Fishkill
(Figure 2.2); BASF (Figure  1.29).
-NYS   DEC Air  Quality  Monitoring  Stations  (Niagara Frontier)

NOTE  The following pages display the relationships of the coverages to  the TRI coverage.
                                         18

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    New   York   State
  County  Boundaries
                                                                        [7]  TRI Point
                                                                       Scale  1:2.632.057
Figure 1.6 The county boundary coverage was created by a "DISOLVE^
        of the municipal boundary coverage (Figure 1.7) removing
        municipal boundaries between municipalities which share
        a state SWISS code indicating a common county.
                                                          n<

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    New York State
Municipal  Boundaries
  Figure 1.7
                                                     N
                                                 (Tj  TRI Points
                                                Scale  1: 2, 632, 057
                                                        9/6;

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    New  York   State
   S.E.M.O.   Regions
N
                                         NORTH CENTRAL j
                                                                  [T]  TRI Points
                                               CENTRAL /
                                                                 Scale  1:2.632.057
Figure 1.8 The New York State Emergency Management Office (SEMO)
        regions coverage was created from a "DISOLVE" of the
        county boundary coverage (Figure 1.6)

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    New  York  State

Quadrangle  Boundaries
                                                                    Scale  1:2.632.057
                                                                     [T)  TRI Points
Figure 1.9  The U.S. Geological Survey Quadrangle boundary
         coverage enables the user of the TRI to identify
         which quad sheet a facility is located on.

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       New  York State

 Hydrologic  Unit  Coverage

Region  - 02  (Mid-Atlantic)
      This coverage enables a summation of the total
      toxic loading to surface waters within individ
      ual watersheds.
                                                                   Scale 1:2.632.057
                                                                    [T]  TRI  Points
                                                                               9/6/90

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        New York  State
   Riven  Reach  Coverage

Region  -  02   (Mid-Atlantic)
   This coverage enables the TRI to be associated
   to individual "river reach" segments, thereby
   establishing a link to EPA's water quality data.
N
                                                                    (Tj  TRI Points
                                                                    Scale  1:2.632.057

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      New York  State
 Hydrologic  Unit Coverage



Region -  04  (Great Lakes)
                                                           [T]  TRI Points
                                                          Scale l: 2. 632. 057
    Figure 1.12
                                                                   9/6/90

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      New York  State
  River Reach  Coverage



Region -  04  (Great Lakes)
    Figure 1.13
                                                           [T  TRI Points
                                                          Scale 1:2,632.057
                                                                    9/6/90

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        New  York  State

 Hydrologic  Unit  Coverage

Region  -  05  (Ohio  River)
                                                                      [T]  TRI Points
                                                                     Scale  1:2.632.057
                 Figure \.}k  Chemicals which are released in these
                          watersheds may eventually reach the
                          Mississippi River.
                                                                                9/6/90

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       New  York  State


  River  Reach  Coverage


Region  - 05  (Ohio  River)
                   ••&•••..-....   •<«  .-
                   .•     .-"    •.   • •
                Figure 1.15
                                                             (Tl TRI Points
                                                     •*  -•     1—J
                                                             Scale  1:2.632.057
                                                                      9/6/90

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      New  York  State

High   Yield  Aquifers
                                                                               [7]  TRI  Points
                                                                              Scale 1:2.632.057
 Figure 1.16  This coverage, acquired from the New York State Low
           Level Radioactive Waste Siting Commission, enables
           the  identification of facilities which are reporting
           releases to the land and which are located over a "High
           Yield Aquifer".
                                                                                           9/6/90

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            New  York   State
    Congressional  Districts
u;
o
        Figure 1.17  Political boundary coverages enable the TRI to be
                   summarized by political district. This information
                   could be provided to legislators and citizens who
                   may wish to contact the appropriate representatives
                   who have jurisdiction over the district in which a
                   facility is located.
                                                                                    [T]  TRI  Points
                                                                                   Scale  1:2.632.057

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   New  York  State
  Senate  Districts
Figure 1.18
                                                         [7] TRI  Points
                                                        Scale 1:2.632.057
                                                                  9/6/90

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   New  York  State
 Assembly Districts
Figure 1.19
                                                   [7]  TRI Points
"•q-i A1
  •• •• I F-.f-.
                                                  Scale  1:2.632.057

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      New York City
 Congressional  Districts.-%
[T] TRI Points
                                Figure 1.20
              Scale  1: 305.697
o /c

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  New  York  City
Senate  Districts
[7] TRI Points
                                Figure 1.21
              Scale 1: 305,697
                                                                    9/6/90

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        New  York  City
   Assembly  Districts
Ul
   [T|  TRI Points
                                   Figure 1.22
                 Scale  i: 305.697
9/6/P"

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                                                       fecit:
                                                       1:  294,0$2
                                                           TRI  Points
Figure  1.23  Thejroad coverage can be used to produce maps which local
            officials could use to evaluate the  accuracy of the lat/long
            coordinates  which were submitted by  facilities.
                         36
                                                                   I/I/II

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1.5   Using  the  CIS for Locational   Accuracy

       A.   The Importance of Locational Accuracy
       B.   Identifying Points Outside of Boundaries
       C.   Comparison of a Facility's TRI Coordinate with Coordinates Submitted Under Other
           Regulatory Programs
       D.   Coordinate Comparisions with the New York State Assessment Role Levey Module
       E.  Automated Map Generation
A.   The Importance  of Locational Accuracy

       Location, location, location. They say it's everything in real estate.  The same holds true
for geographic information systems.  An error in the accuracy of the locational component of a
geographic database, i.e. the lat/long coordinate of a TRI facility, will result not only in a
facility  being placed inaccurately on the map, but also the environmental context which will
then be associated with that  facility through overlay analysis will be inaccurate, i.e. soils,
hydrogeological conditions, etc.  If the TRI is to be handled meaningfully as a GIS coverage, effort
will have to be made to  ensure the accuracy of the coordinates which facilities submit on their
Form R's. This section of the report outlines potentials of the GIS to assist  in this effort.
B.    Identifying  Points Outside of  Boundaries

       The lat/long coordinates which have been submitted by a facility can be evaluated by a
GIS to determine if the submitted coordinate falls within appropriate boundaries.  This may
include state, county, municipal, or even tax parcel boundaries (Figure 1.29).  A plotting of
coordinates submitted by Section 313 facilities in 1988 showed almost 100 of the over 800
facilities to be located outside of the state boundary (Figure 1.26).  These facilities can be
summarized in  report format to provide  an initial list of facilities whose location  is shown to be
inaccurate and in need of revision (via point in polygon  identity command). A facility which is
located at or  near a state, county or municipal boundary may fall outside the appropriate
boundary, but may in fact be only slightly off it's true  location. This explains the clustering of
points near the state boundary (Figure  1.26)

       Figure 1.32 shows the appropriate location  for facilites from Dutchess  Co. which  are
located outside the county as well as facilities whose coordinates fall within  Dutchess Co. but are
actually located in a county other than Dutchess.
C.    Comparison of  a Facility's TRI  Coordinate with  Coordinates Submitted  Under
Other Regulatory  Programs

       A second application of the GIS in determining the accuracy of coordinates submitted by
facilities is a comparison of the coordinates submitted by a facility under Section 313 of SARA
with coordinates submitted by that same facility  under other regulatory programs.  If the
coordinates are far apart it indicates that one of the two coordinate pairs are inaccurate. Two
                                           37

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points which were calculated separately, yet are located close to one another, indicates a strong
likelihood of accuracy.  If the coordinates are identical, it does not necessarily mean they  are
correct, as a facility may use the same coordinate for reporting under SARA as was used in
another regulatory program.  If this initial coordinate is inaccurate, then  both coordinates will
be incorrect.

       The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation's "Condensed TRI Database" includes
the lat/long coordinate which was submitted under the State Pollution Discharge  Elimination
System (SPDES). (See DEC.PAT items-Appendix B-3)  SPDES is the New York State
counterpart of the  National Pollution Discharge Elimination System  (NPDES).  For states which
have not made  associations of TRI facilities with other regulatory programs, the TRI includes
the NPDES I.D. number.  This ID# provides a means to access a facility coordinates which were
submitted under this regulatory program (NOTE: A facility's lat/long coordinate submitted as
NPDES data can be accessed through EPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS)).

       To demonstrate the potential of a GIS for comparing coordinate points, a file was written
from DEC.PAT which contained the facility's internal "point" ID number (established by GIS
software) and its two coordinate pairs: TRI lat/long and SPDES lat/long.  Using ARC/INFO's
"generate" command, a coverage of arcs was produced by using the two coordinates to define a
line (Figures 1.27  &  1.28). These lines (arcs) can be used to visually  display the location
discrepancies between the two coordinates. The coordinate which is in  error will often stand out
as it is often located within an  inappropriate boundary.  The GIS is also capable of summarizing
in report format the distance between a facilities coordinates,  as the length of these generated
arcs is automatically calculated by the software (item "LENGTH" in Arc Attribute Table).
Facilities whose point distances are beyond a set value such as "1 Km" can be added to a list of
suspected facilities whose submitted coordinates are in need of revision.

(Note:  Office of Toxic Substances, US EPA has provided comment that another method of
identifying suspect coordinates for all facilities  is to generate line lengths  between the reported
coordinates and  the facility ZIP code centroids.)
D.    Coordinate Comparisions  with the New  York State  Assessment Role  Levey
Module

       A third use of the GIS for assisting in the evaluation of the accuracy of submitted lat/long
coordinates is the comparison of this coordinate point with the location of a facility's property
parcel(s) coordinates, which,  in New York state, are listed within the NYS  Division of
Equalization and Assessment's GIS  "Assessment Role Levy Module (ARLM)". The ARLM File lists
the northing and easting coordinate "centroid" (state plane coordinate system)  of a parcel as a
data item which is stored for each taxable property.

        As the ARLM files are quite large, this is best done by creating a subset of all properties
which have a land use code "industrial" (ARC/INFO "reselect" command).  This subset of
properties can then be searched by property ownership (INFO item "owner")  with the objective
of locating a facility as the registered owner of a property having a discrete location.  By
overlaying the parcel coordinates with the lat/long coordinate locations submitted under Section
313 of SARA, a comparision of the distance between these points can be made (Figure 1.32).  It
should be noted that industrial facilities often extended over several property parcels.
                                           38

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               NEW  YORK  STATE

         GRID  COORDINATE STATUS
                 BY COUNTY
       COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE (RPIS) 38

       COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE (OTHER) 4

       PARTIAL COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE (RPIS or OTHER) 2

       NO COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE 13
Figure  1.
The New York State Division of Equalization and Assessment
maintains a  CIS "point coverage" of property assessment  for
the above counties.  This database can be used to evaluate properties  and  populations
which may be exposed to toxic chemicals.

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       In addition, the location of a Section 313 facility can be found from the tax maps. These
maps are usually developed at a scale of 1:400-a scale that is more accurate than the 1:24,000
U.S.G.S quadrangle series. To locate a Section 313 facility, one must search through the
assessment roles, which in most counties are listed alphabetically by owner at the county office
of real property (a property may be leased by a Section 313 facility in which case it could  not
be identified in the assessment role).  Once a facility's parcels(s) "Section-Block-Lot"
numbers are determined, the parcel(s) can then be referenced on the tax map.
E.   Automated Map Generation

       Perhaps the most effective method of evaluating the lat/long coordinates submitted by a
facility under Section 313 of SARA is the use of the GIS to automate the process of generating
maps of each facility based on the coordinates that were submitted.  These maps could be
provided back to the facility contact as a means of double checking  the coordinates. If the map
shows the facility to  be in an inaccurate location, it implies an error in  the coordinates which
were submitted.  A new coordinate would then  be submitted by the facility contact.

       This methodology was developed in this project to double check the coordinates of
incineration sources whose emissions were modeled in DEC'S "Incineration 200" study (see
Section  3.2).  In this application, an  Arc Macro Language (AML) program was written which
automated the production of maps displaying the road network in a 600 meter by 400 meter
area surrounding the coordinate locations for 87 sources.  If the road network on  the digital map
did not correspond to the road network which would be found in the real world surrounding the
incineration source it indicated an error in coordinate submission (see  Figure 3.5 for sample
map).
 1.6  Conclusion

       The requirement that facilities report a lat/long coordinate on the Section 313 "Form R"
has facilitated the ability to integrate the TRI into a GIS.  This is made possible by the software's
capability of using these coordinates to "generate" a "point coverage" from the TRI data.  Many of
the coordinates which have been submitted by facilities, however, have shown to be inaccurate.
An effort will have to be made to improve the accuracy of this data before it can be used
meaningfully as a GIS coverage.  In addition, as the submitted coordinates many not be the actual
point  source  for individual releases,  error resultant  from  variations in on-site release
locations should be  factored into any analysis.

       The ability of the GIS to automate the map display of the TRI data holds promise as an
effective means to disseminate the data to the public.  County, state and  municipal maps showing
the locations  of Section 313 facilities with a corresponding printout of the releases at those
facilities may  be the most effective way of informing the public about the  releases of toxic
substances in their communities.
                                          40

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                         DATAFILE NRHEi  DECSEMO.PAT
                           38  ITEHSi STARTING IN POSITION
COL
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
48
88
113
128
133
163
173
177
202
209
219
226
232
238
244
250
252
253
261
265
289
327
331
335
339
343
358

253
253
.253
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
OECSEMOtt
DECSEnO-ID
DECQUAOStt
DECQUAOS-ID
DECCDtt
DECCD-IO
DECK
DEC-ID
KEY
FNAME
STREET
CITY
ZIP
CONTACT
PHONE
SIC
RCU STREAM
POTU SPDES
AIRFACIL
SPDES
LAT
LON
TRILAT
TRILON
SUIS
SCARRY
HUC
CD
QUAONAME
COUNTY
NYRRN
DISTANCE
NYSEMOtt
NYSEMO-ID
RNAME
REGION
•• REDEFINED
HUC'2
HUC'4
HUC>6
UOTH
4





4
4
4
4
7
40
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30
10
4
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7
6
6
6
6
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1
B
4
24
38
4
4
4
4
15
15
ITEMS •<
2
4
6
OPUT
12
12
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
40
25
15
5
30
10
4
25
7
10
7
6
6
6
6
2
1
a
5
24
30
5
12
5
5
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15
»
2
4
6
TYP
F
F
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B
B
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C
C








C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
I
B
C
C
B
F
B
B
C
C

I
I
I
N.DEC
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
_
-
.
-
_
-
-
3
_
-
-
-

-
-
-
                                                                 ALTERNATE NAME
                                                                 LAB
Figure 1.25  The ARC/INFO "identity" command allows for the transfer of  data  from
             the attribute  table  of coverages which the TRI is overlaid  to  the  TRI
             facility "point  attribute  table (PAT)".
                                       41

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*

 +
                                   D i stribut ion   o/  TR I
                                   Lat/Long  Submi s s i on s
                                   Outside  of  NY  State
                                                 +

                                                 +
                                      4-

                             +     +
to
                                         *
                                           New York State Outline



                                           TRI Polnte
                                   Figure 1.26 Approximately one out of eight lat/long
                                          Coordinates submitted by facilities fall
                                           utside of the state boundary.

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        Lines  Co.nnecfino   Facilities
        TRI  Lat/Lo,ng  Point   With
        SPDES  Lit/Long   Point
Figure 1.27 Lines can be generated by the GIS which relocate inaccurate coordinate submissions
      to locations which are based on coordinates submitted by a facility under other
      regulatory programs (see Figure 1.28).

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Lines  conneci  /acjUifies  TRI
Lat/Long point /wilth  SPDES
Laf/iony poi
    Figu  1.28/ Vertical and horizontal lines indicate
            in either thle latitude^ or longitude c

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  Albany Quad
Troy South/Quad
Submitted TRI Location
                                BASF Property Boundaries
   Delmar QUE
East  Greenbush  Quad
                                                    BASF   Property   Boundarie

                                                    with   reported   TRI

                                                    Facility  Location
                                                    1/26/90
Figure 1.29 The Assessment Role (Figure 1.2*0
can be used to identify a facility on a tax map
Property Boundaries can be digitized and
compared to TRI coordinate submissions.

  Topographic Quadrangle  Boundaries
                                                       Mani c ip & 1  B ound a ri e s
                                                                  L

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                                   Du t c he
                                   County
                                   Hydro I o gi
                                   Units   an c
                                   J? i v e r  J? e o
                                   Scale:
                                   /:  284,062
Inaccuracies must also be consiYlered  in coverages with are
overlaid with the TRI. This showVa stream 1 rom the EPA
"ri»er reach" file crossing over mto another watershed.
Thi?\may be due to an error in either cove/age.
                                            //M/9

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Location of study are
mhin New York State
                                                     Inaccuracies  in  LL.J  SAP
                                                     Facilities  Reporting
                                                     Latitude  and  Longitude
                                                     Within  Dutchess  County
                                                     (Note: Area within circle approximates correct
                                                     location of the facility.)
Figure 1.31 A county may have points
which are facilities located in othej
counties as well facilities which
are not shown as the point may
be located outside the count)

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 KEM PLASTICS
       t  / 242. 85 meters
  6.09  \/'
  meters*
 IBM POUGHKEEPSIE
                                Comparison  of  DEC  S  ALRM
                                    Point  Locations  in
                                      Dutchess  County

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PART  2	

Using  the GIS  in  the  TRI  Risk  Screening  Process
2.1   Introduction

       A.  EPA's Toxic Chemical Release Risk Screening Guide
       B.   Important Definitions
A.  EPA's Toxic  Chemical Release Risk  Screening Guide

       In July 1989, the Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. E.P.A. published the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide, which is "directed to those individuals who are
involved in interpreting and explaining environmental pollution, exposures*, and health  risks
to the general public". As a framework for initial analysis of  the TRI data, the risk screening
process outlined in this guide uses general risk assessment principles, resulting in a relative
expression of risk (e.g. high, medium, low).  This is used to establish "risk-based" priorities
and information needs for follow-up chemical or site-specific risk assessment activities".

       A work task of this project has been the development of methods to utilize the GIS in
various steps of EPA's risk screening process  as outlined in Toxic Chemical Release  Inventory
Risk Screening Guide. This PART 2 of the report outlines potential uses of the GIS, summarized
by the three elements which comprise  EPA's  risk screening process: lexicological  potency
(2.2),  exposure evaluation (2.3), and  risk characterization  (2.4):


Toxicological  Potency:

        The first element of EPA's risk screening process is  the characterization of the
chemicials  ("high-medium-low")  being  released by Section 313  facilities,  based  upon a
number of lexicological potency indices  developed by EPA. This process enables the user of the
TRI to focus on those substances of greatest concern (see: Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk
Sreening Guide p. 29). The lexicological potency indices were developed by combining two steps
of a risk assessment: (1) Hazard Identification, which characterizes the nalure of  adverse
heallh or ecological effects that may be produced by a chemical;  and  (2) Dose-response
relationships, which  is an expression of the extent of adverse health  effects at specific exposure
levels.

Exposure  Evaluation:

       This phase of the risk screening process is an evaluation  of the pathways by which
people and olher organisms may be exposed lo the toxic chemicals which are released from
Section 313 facilities. Exposure pathways will vary depending on a number of site-specfic
criteria as well as the type of release,  i.e. air, land,  surface waler.  As Ihis analysis is
                                           49

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essentially a spatial  analysis of the relationships between release locations, site-specific
environmental conditions and populations, a GIS can be very useful in assisting in this process.

Risk  Characterization:

       This phase of the risk screening process combines the lexicological potency and the
exposure evaluation  phases of the risk screening process to identify facilities, populations and
chemicals that would be highest priorities for follow-up risk assessment efforts.  As this phase
of the risk screening results only  in a projection relative risk,  the follow-up  risk assessment
is necessary to answer questions such as:  "Will these releases  result in higher cancer rates?"

B.    Important  Definitions

•Exposure-the estimation of the amount or  concentration of a toxic substance available at the
exchange boundaries, i.e. lungs, gut, skin, during some specified time.  A population which is
exposed to high concentration levels of a toxic substance over a relatively short period of time
may be at greater risk (acute exposure) than a population which is exposed to low levels over a
longer period of time (chronic exposure).

'Risk Assessment - The process of estimating the probability of occurence of adverse health or
ecological effects. Human  health risk assessment includes: (1)  description of the potential
adverse effects; (2) estimation of the extent  of effects on humans exposed to a given amount of
chemical; (3) judgements on the type and number of persons affected under different conditions
of exposure; and (4) characterization of 'the uncertainties incurred in determining risk.-U.S.
EPA
                                           50

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2.2   Risk  Screening  Element  1:  Toxicological   Potency

       A.  EPA's lexicological Potency Indices Database
       B.  TRI Coverage Linkage with EPA Toxicological Potency Indices Database
       C.  Missing Data


A.   EPA's Toxicological  Potency  Indices  Database

       EPA has developed a database which characterizes chemicals covered under Section 313
of SARA according to a number of the lexicological potency indices. This database is listed in full
in Appendix A, Volume 2, Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide. Substances
are ranked   "high",  "medium" or "low" (1,2,3, respectively in database) for  the following
indices:

- Reoortable Quantites ("RQACUTE", "RQAQTX") , the intrinsic chemical, physical, and
lexicological properties of a  substance establish reportable quantities under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980  (CERCLA).  The more toxic a
substance, the lower the poundage release which  must be reported. The lexicological potency
database assigns a "1" to the substance if 100 Ibs. or less are reportable ; a "2" if 1000 Ibs. or
less is reportable and a "3" if a 5000 Ibs. or more is reportable. Acute toxicity RQ is based on
the LDso (median  lethal dose) and LCso (median  lethal concentration) of a substance
administered  by oral, dermal or inhalation.

-Threshold Planning  Quantities ("TPQ"s) Similar  to RQ's; ranking is estabished base on
reportable quantities for Section 302 of SARA.

-Reference Doses (RfD's-"INHAL", "ORAL") These indices are based on the threshold dose below
which no observable effects are assumed to occur. RfDs are measures of human chronic
exposure, estimates of a daily lifetime exposure to a substance that is likely to be without
appreciable risk, including effects to sensitive subpopulations.

-Cancer Potency ("RQPC" and "RISK") These indices are based upon the tumorigenic response of
a test organism to  an  administered dose of the substance. EPA expresses cancer potency in unit
risk factors to define  a probability of contracting cancer from exposure to a unit dose of a
carcinogen over a lifetime (70 years).  The lower the cancer potency, the lower the unit risk
factor.

-Aquatic Water Quality Criteria ("WQACUTE", "WQCTX") These indices are based upon the
ambient concentration of a chemical that will  not cause adverse effects to the most sensitive
organisms.

(NOTE: Other items  shown  in the lexicological  indices database: CAS.PAT (Appendix B-5) are
EPA, Office of Toxic Substances indices which are not includedJn "Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory  Risk Sreenino Guide").
                                          51

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B.   TRI Coverage  Linkage  with EPA Toxicological  Potency Indices  Database

        The "Toxicolgical Potency" element of the risk screening process, outlined in Toxic
Chemical Release Inventory'Risk Screening Guide , can be performed by a GIS by establishing a
relationship between the toxicological potency database and the TRI release database (Figure
1.2).  This relationship (Appendix C-4) allows for the ability to search the release database for
chemicals which satisfy any number of toxicological potency conditions, i.e. releases of
chemicals which have a "INHAL" value of "1", followed by a display of the facilities  responsible
for those releases on the map. See Figure 2.1 for example map and command syntax generated
by a query of TRI facilities which are releasing toxic substances into surface waters which have
aWCACUTEvalueofT.

        The value of being able to display this query in map format is the ability to analyze the
density or clustering of facilities which are releasing toxic substances of greatest concern.  This
query, for example, shows 5 facilities located within 10 miles of each other, all discharging
substances which are highly toxic to fish into the Niagara River.  This is just one example of
possible hundreds of different toxicological potency queries that can be generated in map format.


NOTE: To be able to perform this process on a GIS. a request was made to E.P.A. to provide the
database of the toxicological potency indices contained in the text.  This database was provided to
the project in dBase format. It was transferred into INFO (Appendix B-5 ) by converting the
dBase file to ASCII format and importing it to INFO via the "ADD" command .  Relationships were
then established between this and the TRI release databases: SARADATA.PAT (DEC'S "Condensed
TRI") and RT4.PAT ("NLM" TRI) (Appendix C-4, C-6).

C.   Missing Data

       This  project did  not include establishment of relationships with other chemical property
databases contained within the appendices of Toxic  Chemical Release Inventory Risk Sreening
Gilidfi.  The establishment of a database relationship between the TRI release database and the
"Environmental Fate" database ( Appendix D-7 of  Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk
Sreening Guide ) would prove to be particularly valuable in the exposure evaluation  phase of the
risk screening process.  This would enable the  generation of maps of facilities which are
releasing highly toxic substances (toxicological potency database) which are both easily
transported as well as have a tendency to  persist in the environment.  These maps could then be
overlaid with  other coverages, such as soils with facilities releasing chemicals having Koc <
1.5.

       Linkage of the TRI  release database with the  "Environmental Fate" database would be
possible by establishing a relation using CAS #.
                                           52

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        ilauies  Releasing  Chemicals
   Into  Surface  Waters  Having
   WQACUTE  Values  Equal  To  1
       This toxicological potency "risk screening"
       query shows a clustering of facilities which
       are releasing toxics which are ranked in the
       highest potency category WQACUTE (harmful to fish)
(ji
OJ
                                                                                SARA 313 Facilities


                                                                                Hydrologic Watersheds


                                                                                N.Y. State Shell
   Query  Selection Commands:

   1.  MQUERY  dec point saradata draw
   2.  RESELECT saradata point surfacewaterl  >  0

   OR  surfacewater2 > 0 OR surfacewater3>0
   A MO /.-.o //..„-.«..*.-. _ •
Figure 2.1

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2.3   Risk  Screening  Element  2:  Exposure  Evaluation

A. Combining Coverages to Compile Facility Site-Specific Data
B. Generation of Template
C. "Inner" and "Outer" Zone Referencing
D. Using the GIS for Population Enumeration
A.   Combining Coverages to Compile  Facility  Site-Specific  Data

       An initial activity of the exposure evaluation phase of the risk screening process is the
assembling of facility site-specific data.  This includes  such information as the locations of
releases;  characterizations  of populations near a facility, i.e. residential populations, schools,
and hospitals; media uses, such as well sites or surface water intake locations; and physical
transport characteristics of the area, such as hydrogeological and topographical conditions.

       Gathering this facility site-specific data can be  a tedious effort as this information  may
be found in number of sources, including a great number of maps with different map scales, and
references which may be scattered in any number of locations. A GIS can simplify this process
by overlaying relevant coverages to form a composite map of a facility. Figure 2.2 shows  a
composite map of a selected Section 313 facility which was developed  by combining the
coverages collected in this study.
B.   Generation  of Template

       When assembling facility site-specific data, it is important to be able to establish the
geographic distances of this information from the locations of toxic releases.  To facilitate this
process, this project included the development of an Arc Macro Language  program (AMI) which
will generate a template of half mile concentric circles, partitioned in  15 degree sectors,
around a TRI facility coordinate (see "MAKETEMP.AML, Appendix A-4).  The generation of this
template forms a separate GIS coverage which can then be overlaid with the TRI facility point
and additional  facility site-specific coverages.

       The  intersection of the template coverage with the facility site-specific coverages
(ARC/INFO  "IDENTITY" command) can produce a listing of facility site-specific data by template
sector (Sectors are numbered  by distance in a radial direction from the facility and by 15
degree angle with  north 0 degress, south 180 degrees).  This, for instance, by intersecting with
the ARLM File, can provide a listing of all properties (owner's name, address, lande use code)
by  sector relative  to a  facility (Figure  2.3).

(Note: EPA has commented that the template developed in this project consisting of 24  15 degree
sectors is not standard practice and recommends a template of 16 sectors of 22.5 degrees as this
is used by weather stations to collect wind direction for use in  models.  See Figure 2.8)

C.  "Inner"  and  "Outer"  Zone Referencing

       EPA's "Exposure Evaluation" methodology as discribed  in Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Sreenino Guide, establishes what is known as "Inner" and "Outer" zones.
                                           54

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                                                     rn Agriculture

                                                         Residential
                                                         Vacant Land
                                                         Commercial

                                                      nn Recreation/Entertainment
                                                         Community Services

                                                      [~7] Industrial


                                                      rn Public Service

                                                      r~~| Conserv.  Lands S Parks
                                                        J
                                                        7; Individual Aquifer  Boundaries

                                                         IBM Property Boundaries

                                                      I1 Municipal Boundaries
                                                      I	i
                                                         Rivers
                                                          IBM Properties

                                                          Aouif err.

                                                       f? Vulncraole Zone Template
^     \]     /n          ^..-/     vr      }        -.'.-:--     -
               * \Figure''2.2  Combining coyfera^[es/via  G-ISjoverlay Is a method  of
1 i
                                            txK-si t«'-sp^cif ic information''
                                                        .....
                %&£*.'    /"
                                                                         V
                     \-        \
                     \     I c,  A.

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Populations within "Inner" zones are considered to be in a plausible exposure pathway if they
are in contact with the medium into which chemicals are released. Outer zones are areas beyond
the the Inner Zones that contain populations of interest that are likely to be exposed.  The
following suggests ways in which the GIS can be used to reference Inner and Outer zones by
medium:

       Air: EPA suggested Inner Zone: 1 mile; Outer Zone: 4 miles.

       The template, referenced in "B. Generation of Template", can be used to determine
populations in the Inner and and Outer Zones for air releases.  Depending on the prevailing
winds at a site,  individual sectors can be added or substracted to  these zones.  For instance, if the
prevailing winds are from the west, sector 1.5 miles out at 90 degress might be added to the
Inner Zone.

       Surface Waters:  EPA  suggested Inner Zone: 1  mile: Outer Zone: IS miles downstream

       As the length of arcs is automatically calculated by the software, this information can  be
used to establish the boundaries for both zones. It is also possible to use EPA's "River Reach"
file which includes the length  of each river segment in the datafile (Appendix B-14, item 17).
this enables the generation of  a regional map which displays all river segments which are in
either an Inner  or Outer Zone.

       Land: EPA suggested Inner Zone: Depth to Aquifer: 12 feet; Distance to well: 1 mile;
              Downgrade runoff:  1/2 mile; Outer Zone: Depth to Aquifer:800 feet
              (sandy/fractured soil); Distance to well: 4 miles; Downgradient runoff: 2 miles.

       To demonstrate applications for exposure evaluation from releases to land, Andrea
Rachko, Graduate Student, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and
Forestry, produced a series of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and cross-sections of
hydrogeological conditions of the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y., as a component of this grant's work
tasks. These graphics were developed from sparse, spatially irregular, non-standardized  well
log data, using  the Interactive  Surface Modeling (ISM) surface analysis software created by
Dynamic Graphics, running on an IRIS 3050 workstation. ISM is not a GIS software, however,
it is capable of  producing cross-section diagrams not able to be produced by the ARC/INFO
software.  These can be used to visualize hydrogeological conditions which affect the directional
flow of toxic chemicals in the groundwater.

       Unlike the Inner and Outer Zones for air and surface waters, the Inner Zones and Outer
Zones for land  releases are based on hydrological conditions rather than set distances from
release locations.  It is possible, therefore, for releases to the land to be occurring in Outer
Zones (areas where the depth to groundwater is greater than 12 feet).  Figure 2.6 shows the
locations of Inner and Outer Zones areas within the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y.

       In addition to depth to  aquifer, it is important to know  the direction of groundwater flow
as toxic substances will be carried in this direction upon entering the groundwater.  This can be
interpreted by a determination of  the groundwater surface profile.  Like surface water,  the
groundwater will be flowing downward (this may not be  the case in unique hydrogeological
conditions). Figure 2.5 shows the direction of groundwater flow  throughout the Town of East
Fishkill, N.Y.
                                           56

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       L| OerVlCtid


Industrial


Public Service


Conserv.  Lands fi Parks
                                                                   ARLM  Points

                                                                   Within  3 Mile

                                                                   Radius  of  IBM
                        |T|   Residential

                             Vacant  Land

                          *  • Conmercial
Dutchess

County
                             Recreation/Entertainment
    Figure 2.3
Scale: i: 49.187
                                         57
                                                                          A printout can
                                                                          produced which
                                                                     lists the owner's nar
                                                                   and address by sector.
                                                                            9/11/90

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       Figure 2.7 shows the capability of the ISM software to provide a cross-section of the
hydrological conditions at a hypothetical land release location. These cross-sections provide a
graphic interpretation of potential surface runoff based on topography; depth to groundwater;
and groundwater flow direction.  This can be used to identify well sites which may be  providing
an exposure pathway.

(Note: The use of "sparse, spatially  irregular" sample points for generating surfaces such as
was used by Andrea Rachko, from SUNY ESF in the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y. example, can
result in errors as the software will  interpolate  surface values in areas where  no data exists.)

D.   Using the GIS  for  Population  Enumeration

       An important aspect of exposure evaluation is the determination of the number of people
that may be impacted by toxic releases.  The 1990 Census TIGER files developed by the U.S.
Bureau of Census and the U.S. Geologic Survey for use in GIS will soon make this technology the
primary tool for this activity. As the postcensus TIGER files will not be available until
sometime in 1991, the use of this database for  risk screening applications has not been
evaluated in this project.   In this respect, however, Mynar and Hammerstrom have stated "the
Census Polygon/Uniform Density method*  of population estimation will  become an attractive
alternative  to manual methods, particularly in urban locations and in larger study areas."1

       As valuable as TIGER will be for estimating populations which may be exposed to toxic
substances, census data has a major drawback in that the  data is only residential population.
The census data, for instance, will not  indicate population in a  busy industrial  or commercial
area.  To compensate for this, property data can be combined with the TIGER file to develop more
realistic population counts  which take into  consideration transient populations.  The New York
State Assessment Role Levy Module  (ARLM), a GIS point coverage of property data, can be used
for this purpose. In this database, assessment data for each property includes a land use code
item.  Properties within a  facility's inner or outer zone, for example, can be summarized by
land use code (See Figures 2.9  and  2.10 -This process is performed by using ARC/INFO's
"identity" command which  assigns the template zone to each property record).

       The number of properties within each land use code type can be used to derive population
estimates which include not only  residential population, but populations  resultant from
commercial or recreational activity in the area.   Residential population can be estimated  by
multiplying an average houesehold  number (usually  2.2,  but will vary  from region to region)
by the number of single family residences.  The example of Hudson Valley Polymers inner zone
shown in Figure 2.10 indicates the  following residential population:

2.2 *  862 (One Family Residences)  =  1896
4.4 *  11 (Two Family Residences)  =    48
6.6 * 2 (Three  Family Residences)  =    13
2.2 * 4 (Rural Residences)          =    9
2.2 * 4  (Commercial/Living Accom) =      9
2.2 * 6 (Commercial/Apts.)          =     13
2.2 * 232 (Condos)                  =  510

                                  ™2498
                                           58

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(Note: Multiple Residences (land use code 280) and Mobile Home Parks (land use code 416)
should be researched individually via address item contained in ARLM file to identify specific
populations rather than using an estimate (see  INFO report: Figure 2.10). Parcels with this
land use code may vary greatly in the population numbers residing on these parcels.  These
figures should be added to the estimate developed by using a standard household population
multiplier).

       In addition to a residential population within this "Inner Zone" of Hudson Valley
Polymers, the ALRM file indicates  a number of parcels having land uses which indicate people
may be present at those sites, and therefore, may be exposed to toxic chemicals.  For example: 2
park playgrounds (land use code 591), 1 outdoor sports field (land use code 557) and a number
of miscellaneous land uses such as a  drive in theater, 3 restaurants, etc..  This information can
be used in the exposure evaluation component of the risk screening process to gain a more
complete understanding of the populations that may be exposed to toxic chemicals which are
released from this  facility.

1 Mynar II, F. and Hammerstrom, K.A., Population Estimation for Risk Assessment: A
Comparison of Methods. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and
Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas,  Nevada  (EPA 600/X-90/199)a
August  1990, p. 36.
 * The "Polygon/Uniform Density Method calculates the population of bisected block group i.e.
inner and outer zone bisection, by assuming uniform population density within a block group
area, with population in the subdivided area calculated as the ratio of the total area of a block
group divided by the area of sub block as a ratio of population.

2.4    Conclusion

       The development of a GIS based system for risk screening the TRI would enable an
automation  of may of the risk screening processes outlined in EPA's Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Sreening Guide. This would greatly enhance the ability of the state to screen the
data to identify facilities, chemicals, and geographic  areas in need of further analysis. In
addition,  the TRI could be combined with other environmental data such as hazardous waste
sites, radon, incineration  facilities, utility  electromagnetic fields, etc., to indicate high risk
areas resultant from  any number of environmental factors which  may compound the risk
associated from TRI releases.
                                           59

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  Figure 2.k  Interactive Surface Modeling  (ISM)  software can be used t
              generate surface profiles  (topography and water table) fof
              use in exposure evaluations  related  to  land and underground
              injection TRI  releases.

                          Surface  Elevation
 4610000
 4608000
 4606000
 4604000
 4602000
 4600000
4598000
4596000
4594000
          596000   598000  600000   602000  604000  606000  608000  610000
 00
 c
 —i

 Q
 O
 CD

 —]
 O
"O
 O
UD
 —^
 Q
~D

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  Figure 2.5
                Water Table  Surface  Elevation
 4610000
 4608000
 4606000
 4604000
4602000
4600000
4598000
4596000
4594000
         596000  598000  600000  602000  604000  606000  608000   610000
Q
r-
0)
Q
cr
CD
                                                                                                             O
                                                                                                             ~0
                                                                                                             O
                                                                                                             Q
                                                                                                             H)

-------
    Groundwater  Located  Less Than  12  Feet  From  Surface
 4610000)	1
4608000
4606000
4604000
4602000
4600000
4598000
4596000
4594000
                                           TOWN OF EAST  FISHKILL, NEW YORK
                                                                Well Site  ID's  on  Water Table Topography
                                                                 Well  Site ID's on Surface Topography
Inner Zone:  12ft or less to aquifer
Outer Zone:  12ft to 800ft "   "
         S96000
                598000    600000
                               602000
                                      604000
                                              606000
                                                     608000
                                                            610000
                                                                                           nOc
   Figure 2.6  Inner and Outer Zones can be mapped and combined with  well sites.            A&*u
              Surface profiles can be used to graphically display direction of groundwater flow, providing  an  indication
              of wells which may be contaminated from TRI releases.

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Y  — Y1  Cross—Section
                                                              Locations of Cross-Sections
Figure 2.7  Interactive Surface Modeling (ISM) is capable of providing cross-sections
            which can be used to determine groundwater flow. Example is a spill  locatr  '*""*>
            ion at a hypothetical facility. (ARC/INFO can produce Digital Elevation
            Models (DEM) but is incapable of producing cross-sections such as this.)    "'"
                                                                                       4M4I

                                            X —  X1 Cross—Section
                                                          996000   600000   604000

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   Jindrose/Air  Inner  and  Outer  Zones
      Figure 2.8 EPA's recommended template (windrose)
           SooU Inallw
lindrose/iir Zones
Ifunictpai Boundaries
\
 \

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 Property  Parcei  Centroids
 Within  Inner  Zone
          Seal*
         .25
8.5
9.75
                           Legend
                    (2 Agrlcultural   [g Recreation
                    Q Residential    [Q Community Service
                    [A) Vacant      |g| Industrial
                      Commercial     W>l ic S*rvi<
                         Figure 2.9
 Condominium?   B
Land Use Code:412/ J""«BB
                                             f
                                                • ••!
                                                 *.>*.
                                               Ki
                              •   •  • • •
                              :":';A 1: :: ;•
                              • • • • .    • •
                              :: ::  -A A• .
                              • *   •       •
                                            listing of propertiA
                           65

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i
 12/28/90                                                pflGE     1

      PROPERTIES WITHIN INNER ZONE OF HUDSOH UfiLLEY POLYMERS

 LRNO  USE DESCRIPTION                                         TOTftL
     CODE

      105 flGRICULTURflL VflCRNT LRND                                1
      113 LIVESTOCK S PRODUCTS! BEEF-CftTTLE, CflLVES,  HOGS         2
      120 FIELD CROPS                                             2
      170 NURSERY & GREEHOUSE                                     1
      210 ONE FHMILY YEflR-ROUND RESIDENCE                       862
      220 TWO FflMILY YEflR-RDUND RESIDENCE                        11
      230 THREE FRMILY YEflR-ROUND RESIDENCE                       2
      240 RURflL RESIDENCE WITH flCRERGE                            4
      260 HULTIPLE RESIDENCES                                     2
      300 URCflNT LfiND                                             1
      310 RESIDENTIflL VflCflNT LflND                                 2
      311 RES1DENT1RL UflCflNT LftND IN RESIDENTIRL  fiREfl          152
      312 RESIDENTIRL VRCflNT LflND: IMPROVED                       9
      320 UflCfiNT LftNDs RURAL                                      2
      322 UflCflNT LflND: RURRL/RESIDENTIRL >  10  RCRES               1
      330 VflCRNT LflND: COMMERCIflL                                13
      410 CQMMERCIRL- LIVING RCCDfiriODftTIONS                       4
      411 COMMERCIRL-. LIVING flCCOntlODflTIONS/flPflRTMENT            6
      412 COntlERCIftL' LIVING flCCOtlMODftTIONS/CONDOMINIUri         232
      416 canriERCiflL' MOBILE HQHE PORK                            2
      421 COMMERCIflL: RESTflURflNT                                  3
      422 COMMERCIAL: DINER Of? LUNCHEONETT                        3
      432 CUnMERCIRL' SERVICE flND GfiS STflTION                     3
      433 CQMMERCIflLs ftUTO BODY, TIRE SHOP,  OTHER fiUTO SRLES      1
      435 CGMMERCIflL' MRNUflL CflR UflSH                             1
      440 COMMERCIRL: STQRRGE, WAREHOUSE PND DISTRIBUTION         i
      449 COMMERCIRL! STORRGE, UflREHQUSE/OTHER                    4
      473 COMTIERCIRL* GREENHOUSE                                  2
      480 COnnERCIflL' MULTI-PURPOSE                               1
      482 COMMERCIRE-s DCUNTDUN ROW TYPE(DETfiCHED)                4
      483 COMMERCIRLs CONVERTED RESIDENCE                         2
      484 COMMERCIflL* ONE STORY SMflLL STRUCTURE                   3
      485 COWtEfi'CIflf.-- SMflLL STRUCTURE-tfULTI-DCCUPHNT              3
      513 DRIVE-IN THEflTER                                        1
      557 OUTDOOR SPORTS FIELD                                    1
      591 PflRK PLRYGROUND                                         2
      620 RELIGIOUS  INSTITUTION                                   1
      632 BENEVOLENT RSSOCIRTION                                  1
      662 POLICE, FIRE PROTECTION                                 1
      682 COMMUNITY  RECRERTION FRCILITY                           1
      692 MISCELLftNEQUSs TRRNSPORTfiTION                           1
      710 INDUSTRIRL: MflNUFflCTl/RI^fG                               2
      310 PJBLIC SERVICES ELECTRIC RMD GRS                        1
      011 PUBLIC SEKVICE: ELECTRIC POUEff GEN/HYDRO               1
        Figure 2.10  ARC/INFO report listing  the property types within
                   a Section 313 facility "inner" zone.

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                                                                   -..I
Fieure  2.11 NYS DEC Air Monitor  Sites  in western
New York State. Data from  these  sitesccan
be  used for exposure evaluation
                           +t
                                                                    V""
             ID
               SITENUn
               1401-01
               1401-13
               1401-18
               1401-24
               1401-29
               1401-31
               1401-32
               1401-33
               1401-34
               1401-35
               1401-36
               1401-37
               1402-01
               1402-13
               1425-01
               1429-02
               1451-03
               1455-01
               1463-02
               1466-02
               1472-04
               1472-10
               1472-12
               1474-02
               3101-15
               3101-16
               3102-09
               3102-10
               3102-12
               3102-15
               3102-17
               3103-01
               3103-07
               3120-02
               3152-02
TYPE  .. '
TSP   ' -  -
TSP(HETALS).TSP
S02.CO.COHs.UOCs
TSP
Pb.TSP
CO      -  - - ' -V
Pb.TSP  : • ' -  •"
TSP '
TSP
TSP
TSP   '  ' t -
TSP
S02. COIIs.TSP
TSP   	,- ,.._;.'
TSP  .   :.'.'JJ>
TSP   -      '   -
N02.03.COHs.TSP.-
TSP
TSP
TSP
SOZ.COHs
TSP
TSP  -.'
TSP
TSP  ...
TSP
S02.CO.N02.COHs.TCDD/TCDF.VOC.TSP
TSP
TSP
TCDD/TCDF
                          H-b-
                                    •••„
                                                                                        -?o

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PART  3	


Linking  Models  with  a  GIS for  Risk Assessment


3.1   Introduction

A. The Role of Models in Risk Assessment
B. Models Addressed in this Study
C. The Limitations of the TRI for Modeling


A.  The  Role of Models  in  Risk Assessment

       EPA's risk   screening process, outlined in Part 2 of this report, can be used to
identify facilities, chemicals and geographic areas which may be presenting the greatest risk to
communities.  As  EPA states, "the decision-makers who have juridiction over the environment
in a specific geographic area must decide on the next steps". One decision which may be made is
to proceed with a  quantitative risk assessment, which is the process of estimating the
probability of adverse health or ecological affects resulting from these toxic chemical releases.
To make  these estimates, it is necessary to understand the magnitude, frequency, and  duration of
exposure. As opportunities to measure exposure are rare, it may be necessary to determine
this indirectly through modeling, which can be used to estimate the concentration levels of toxic
chemicals in the air, land, or water relative to points of release.


B.  Models Addressed in this Study

       PART 3 of    this report outlines  steps to integrate two commonly used atmospheric
models to a GIS:  the Industrial Source  Complex Long Term (ISCLT) model developed by
EPA (section 3.2); and the Degadis model, a short term dense gas model developed by the U.S.
Coast Guard (section 3.3).  The value of integrating these models to a GIS is to: (1) automate the
visualization of the data in the form of an isoplethic map (contour the  concentration data
calculated by  the models), but more importantly (2) use the GIS to associate the concentrations
calulated by the model to the geographic data, such as properties, and other environmental
conditions, which  surround Section 313 facilities.


C.  The Limitations of the TRI for Modeling

       The TRI is comprised of estimates of the total annual releases of toxic substances to
various media.  This information does not include specific information which is  needed to utilize
the ISCLT and Degadis models. To do so, it is necessary to gather additional information which is
used as input requirements, not contained in the TRI. The following sections outline the methods
and sources of information to obtain the input  requirements to both models.
                                         68

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3.2    Industrial  Source  Complex  Long  Term  Model-ISCLT

A. Background
B.  Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model (ISCLT)
C.  Preliminary Test of ISC-GIS Linkage
D.  ISCLT- GIS Linkage: Incineration 2000 Study

A.   Background

        As a means of exploring the ability to link an atmospheric model to a GIS, the Bureau of
Impact Assessment/ Meteorology, NYS DEC, recommended investigating the possibility of
integrating concentration data generated by the Industrial Source Complex Long Term
Model(ISCLT) to a GIS.  ISCLT was to be used in an upcoming NYS DEC study of existing and
proposed incineration in the New York/New Jersey Metropolitan region, formally known as the
"Incineration 200O Study". The decision to pursue this application was based upon the
following:

-The ISC model is recommended by EPA in the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening
Guide for use in determining atmospheric concentrations  from stack releases under gaussian
conditions.

-ISCLT is currently being used by DEC in  the state's air permitting process (Air Guide-1:
Evaluation of Toxic Contaminants, DEC, Division of Air Resources), as well commonly used by
the department in exposure assessments.

-Integration issues would be best tested by working with  data generated by a major atmospheric
modeling study such as "Incineration 2000". This study evaluated 87  sources, addressing 3
contaminants (lead, cadmium, dioxin) with concentrations summarized in  separate"! 1
scenarios, e.g. cummulative  concentrations resultant from all  existing incinerators;
cummulative concentrations for all existing and proposed incinerators; etc.

-Staff from the Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorolgy, DEC would have the greatest
opportunity to participate in the evaluation process.

-This effort would contribute to DEC'S "Incineration 2000  Study".
 B.    Industrial  Source Complex  Long  Term Model (ISCLT)

       The ISC model is a steady-state Gaussian plume model currently being accessed by DEC
 through the SUNYA Computer Services.  It can be used to assess pollutant concentrations from a
 wide variety of sources associated with an industrial source complex.  It is considered
 appropriate  for the following applications: industrial source complexes; rural or urban areas;
 flat or rolling terrain; transport distances less than 50 kilometers; and one hour to annual
 averaging times.  It produces output data which is a calculation of concentration values at
 discrete "receptor  locations" (defined by UTM coordinates (Figure 3.1ft

         A limitation of this model has been the  difficulty in having to manually plot or "map"
                                          69

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the printout of projected concentrations at each receptor so that data can be related to a specific
geographic area.  In addition, concentration data in a printout format remains difficult to
interpret.  An effort of this project has been to overcome these obstacles through the
development of linkages of the ISC with a GIS so that these processes could be automated.

  As  a gaussian model it assumes:

- atmospheric concentrations to be directly proportional to emission rate.

-maximum ground level concentration to be the square of the effective height of  release.

-the effective height equal to the physical release height plus the plume rise.

-continuous emission in that the duration of emission is equal to or greater than the travel time
to downward "receptor".

        The model can account for settling  and dry depositions of particulates; downwash area;
line and volume sources;  plume rise as a function of downwind distance; separation of point
sources; and limited terrain adjustment.


Input  requirements  for   ISC include:

Source data- location, emission rate, physical stack height, stack gas, exit velocity, stack inside
diameter, and stack gas temperature ; Optional Source data-source elevation, building
dimensions, particle size distribution with  corresponding settling velocities, and surface
reflection coefficients; Meteorological data-stability wind  rose (STAR deck), average afternoon
mixing height, and average air temperature.

Note: ISCLT can treat stack, volume (e.g. buildings or sheds), or area (e.g. ground level fugitive
emissions) sources.

       This model is available as computer code from the U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality
Planning Standards Source-Receptor Analysis Branch's PC  bulletin board system  (call 919
-541-5561 to obtain information) or as part of  UNAMAP (Version 6) on magnetic tape  from:

              Computer  Products
              National Technical Information Service
              U.S.  Department of Commerce
              Springfield,  Virginia  22161

              (703)   487-4650


C.   Preliminary  Test  of ISC-GIS Linkage

       For initial analysis purposes, a preliminary test of the ISC model linkage  to a GIS was
performed by the NYS Division of Equalization and Assessment's GIS Unit.  In this preliminary
study, sample data generated from the ISC  model (concentrations at receptors) was mapped
                                           70

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                        .04098^1  . C.O«S42
. 0.051646    .^^"rV!
                                                                                            TINA
                          ,3978    .0.062401
                      .fc071498    .0.082892
                                             0-071 700     ff76554    .0.079373    . 0.068329
     NINHAM
.66131
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                           .
            .0.073871    . 0.311  ^. 0.121
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            .0.054393    . 0.065676-.0.0969     .
                              2    . C0717?fi    .0.107757 \.0.l55911    .O.I9C09H
            . 0.0421 •»«    7\C.04919
       Figure 3.1   Receptors are  plotted  and assigned concentration values calculated by  the
                     Industrial Source Complex Long Term  (ISCLT)  model.  The CIS  contours this
                     information and  overlays the  isolines  to NYS Department of  Transportation
                     digital  road coverage  (CLASS  Files).
                                                    71

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       TOWN OF ANYWHERE
       CONCENTRATION STATIFICAT1ON
            OF PARCELS
        Figure 3.2
         Property parcel "cen-
         troids" are assigned
         concentration values
         by overlaying contour
         coverage (Figure 3-0
         and performing ARC/INFO
         "TINSPOT" command.
         Parcels are then color
         coded based on concen-
         tration ranges.
        Concentration > .C2CCOD
        Number of pirtfcla sjtedetl - 14i7

        Concentration > JOlfiOOO «n
-------
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63570460336100
63570455735500
CONCENTRA10N
1.046476
1 .208287
1 .037532
1 .374568
1 .172532
1 .118633
1 .519144
1 .318173
1.221386
1 .642652
D1ST.FROM SOURCE
275 . 574 me t er s
254.334 meters
260.581 meters
229. 166 meters
241 .325 meters
241 . 159 meters
202.050 meters
218.764 meters
221 .416 meters
1 7Q.R47 -,. ' .. .
                                                          Figure 3-3

                                                          A printout is generated which
                                                          lists concentration values
                                                          for properties which  surround
                                                          the hypothetical source.
                                                          Printouts can be generated
                                                          which summarize concentration
                                                          by land use  type,  i.e. single
                                                          family residences.

-------
(plotted) with a hypothetical siting of the source in the center of Wappinger Falls, N.Y.
(Figures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 ).  This test demonstrated the potentials of the GIS software (ARC/INFO)
to:

1.  Plot receptor points from an ISC output file of UTM coordinates
2.  Assign concentration values generated by the ISC model to those receptor points
3.  Contour concentration values at receptor points
4.  Overlay the contour coverage with other coverages, i.e. roads, ARLM file property centroids
(Figure 3.1)
5.  Assign concentration values to  the property centroids and display this information in both
map and  printout format (Figures  3.2, 3.3)


D.    ISCLT-  GIS  Linkage: Incineration  2000  Study:

       The NYS Division of Equalization and Assessment's GIS Unit generated 33 maps from
ISCLT output data which was supplied to them by the Bureau of Impact Assessment /Meteorolgy,
DEC (see samples:  Figures 3.8a, 3.8b, 3.8c ).  The 33 maps are projected concentration values
for three contaminates for eleven separate scenarios (Table 1).  The value of this conversion is
the transformation of data which is difficult to interpret,  i.e. numbers,  into a graphic format
(map) that can be readily understood.  This process involves extensive number crunching which
would be difficult to  perform without the aid of a computer.  For instance, to produce one map
the following must happen:

1.  87 files (sources both proposed and existing) each containing 3900 concentration values
(value for each receptor point) must be summed to arrive at a "normalized1 concentration value
for each receptor. This translates out to 339,300 separate addition calculations.

2.  The normalized concentration values for each receptor must then be the multiplied by an
emission rate  to arrive at a concentration value for each contaminate (3900 individual
multiplication  operations).

3.  These concentration values must then be contoured. The resultant concentration contour must
then be overlayed with other GIS coverages. See "Steps to Link ISCLT to ARC/INFO".


E.  Steps Used to Link ISCLT to ARC/INFO

1.  Input requirements are entered into ISCLT to generate 87 files (separate smokestack sources
both existing and proposed sites) containing concentration values for 3900 common "receptor"
coordinates.

2.  A "normalized" concentration value is calculated for each receptor by summing values
contained in each of the 87 files (multiple point-source  analysis)  This "normalized'
concentration file is imported  into an ARC/INFO table: NCTABLE (Appendix B-24)

3.  A file containing the 3900  Receptor coordinates (UTM) is entered into an INFO table:
RECEPTOR.PAT (Appendix B-22)
                                           74

-------
4.  A point coverage of "receptors" is created (ARC/INFO command "GENERATE GRID") from
RECEPTOR.PAT

5.  Concentration values for Lead (PB), Cadmium (CD) and Dioxin (TC) are calculated by
multiplying NCTABLE "normalized* concentration by emission rates from each source. These
values are stored in three  separate tables: TCTABLE (Appendix B-28), CDTABLE (Appendix B-
26), and PBTABLE (Appendix B-25 ).  This process is performed by CALCON.AML (Appendix A-
6).

6.  To calculate  concentration values for various scenarios, i.e. all existing and proposed
sources, etc., values from each of the three tables: TC, CD, PB are summed based on sources
included in each of the eleven  scenarios. See CALCSC (Appendix A-7)

7.  "LATGEN" (Appendix A-9) converts the  concentrations values for each scenario into a lattice
file.

8.  CONGEN (Appendix A-8).  Creates contour coverages from the lattice files.


NOTE: The Bureau of Information Systems Development. NYS DEC, adopted the methodologies
which link the ISCLT to a GIS  developed in this study. This group completed the GIS mapping for
the "Incineration 2000 Study" in house  and was able to expand the number of toxics modeled to
eight, generating 88 maps based on the 11  scenarios listed in Table  1.
                                          75

-------
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Figure _,./»  Receptors  (3900)  and  sources (87)  are plottec  and overlaid with county boundaries within "Incir    ion
                      rlnma I n

-------
Figure 3.5  Maps For all sources are generated which display
            the road network at the coordinate locations
            which were submitted for each source.
            Errors can be quickly identified
            based on relationship of
            to source location.  An
            AML generated all 8?
            in succession.
                                                            KlMGSl-a^


                                                              rOMTO*

-------
SCENARIO
1 (Existing Sources)
2 (Existing NJ)
3 (Exiting NY)
4 (Existing SSI)
5 (Proposed plus
   existing sources)
6 (Proposed plus
   existing KY)
7 (Proposed plus
   existing KJ)
3 (Proposed SSI)
9 (Proposed nRF)
10 (Proposed Hospitals)
11 (All Proposed combined)
Kinimaa & Kaxisw Concentrations (pg/sr)
Over bcaain for Selected Modeling Scenarios
t
TCDO
NIN
6.1x10-4
1. 2xlO-6
6.0x10-4
2.2xlO'7
1.1x10-3
5.8x10-4
3.5x10-4
9.4xlC-6
9.6 xlO-4
1.1x10-5
9.8x10-4
TCDO
HAS
4.6x10-2
1.7x10-3
4.6x10-2
1.2x10-4
3.8x10-2
3.8x10-2
9.1x10-3
1.5x10-3
2.6x10-2
2.6x10-3
2.6x10-2
CO
NIN
8
0.5
6
3
138
59
53
113
20
0.2
133
CO
wut
1,482
467
1,480
1.462
18.697
18.475
17.940
18,345
536
33
18,683
P8
KIM
203
13
154
57
2,963
1,266
1.131
2.447
399
1.7
2,848
PB
KAX
32,320
10,157
32.281
31.753
405.572
400.776
389.545
398,498
10.732
398
405.249
                                                           Cadmium
                                                           AfiC:560 pg/ra3
Lead
Std:1.500,000 pg/n3
            RRF: Refuse Recovery Incinerators
            SSI: Sewage Sludge Incinerators
                                              TABLE 1

-------
 _406000




 ^365400
 E



 1324800
 o


 §284200
 i_
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   162400-




   121800




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                                       LEAD

                                   SCENARIO  5
                            s.
                                          .
                                         «•
                                           > ' •  ^vr J •    *

                                           FiAf.  ^<£Etfiia.
                        0     I    1560    I    2340    I    3120   I     3900

                           1170         1950        2730        3510
 MIN CONCENTIATION:ttl2.7SIS2t

 MAX CONCENTRATION.-405S71.369226
                              RECEPTOR  NUMBER
        Figure 3.6  Sample graph which were produced for each senario to display concentration ranges calculated

                 by the ISC model.  These were used to establish concentration ranges for raster maps (see Figure 3-10)

-------
00
o
                                  FROM  3900
                      PTOR   GRID
            re 3.7 Triangular Irregular Network "TIN" whi
                  receptor.  This allows the computer to
 generated by the CIS from concentration value
tour and create a lattice from concentration var
                                                                                           each

-------
 £  CADMIUM
                                     I       I       I
                                    ) IIISMNG MT SOUICIS
                                                                Conct-lrillon In PICOGRAMS pr> CUSlC MET!'
      540,000
ni
570001
580000
                                          510000
600000
                                                          410000
                                                                                              420000
Figure  3.8 Concentration  values generated  from the  ISC model  are contoured and overlaid with

-------
"   2 3 7 • TCDDiq.
           T    T    "T-    T    -I"    T    ~T
              rrvrvai SCINAIIO - riorosio t IXISTIMG sovicis
                                                                    Coftcentfall   In riCOClIKIE.»A!kuiir'Vr
     $60000
S70i
,001
580000
                510000
600^00          110000
                                                                                                     •20000
                               ^>  *>

-------
oo
 _,  0.04

 *_


 I 0.036




 | 0.032
 o
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 I 0.028
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 I 0.024




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   0.016
                           2378 TCDDeq.

                               SCENARIO  5
   01

                           nmnnnii!
             F  "TIT
             90        11
                          70
     2340    I   3120    I   3900

1950       2730       3510
   MIN CONCENTRATION:!. M1074M2S1


   MAX CONCENTKATION:8.03824182221
                        RECEPTOR  NUMBER



                            Table 2 (see Figure 3.8b)

-------
1 J J • TCDDf
-------
     INCINERATION   2000
CADMIUM  CONTAMINATION
CO
Ul
 PICOGRAMS
      per
CUBIC  METER
                                                                                          Figure  3.10

                                                                                          The conversion  from
                                                                                          vector  (contour map
                                                                                          to raster, shown
                                                                                          here,  resolves  the
                                                                                          problem of contour
                                                                                          1ines  plotted too
                                                                                          closely together.
                                                                                          This map shows  con-
                                                                                          centrations 3 times
                                                                                          the Ambient Guide-
                                                                                          line Concentration
                                                                                          (AGC)  for cadmium
                                                                                          (dark  red).

-------
Figure 3.}}  Concentration values calculated by the  ISC model are. displayed as a  Digital  Elevation  Model  (DEM)

-------
                         NINI6R1P. INC
                              PATCLIN CHEMICAL CO.. »*,
                                              fOLYCHROME
                   PRECISION FILM LAB. INC
        OLIN CORPORATION
                            OLIN MATER SERVIC
                   EDO CORP. 60V. SYS. DIV.  /  COLL
oo
      PFIZER INC.
                  Cfl-< GAMBLE fcFG. C?.

           UN CHEMICAL CORPORATIOhC
                         ALBERTS PLATING MORKE.
                                   CORPofa/ ION, Sty"° CHROMIUM PLATING CORP
               TALS CORP.
                               Figure 3.12
J
 9 •!!••
                 1987   TRI
                Fac i 1 it ies
                within  the
                 Incineration  200
                study  do-main
                1/26/90

                Note: Only thote facilities submitting
                Lit/Long for the 1987 rtpgrting year

-------
3.3   "Degadis"  Atmospheric  Dispersion  Model

       A.  Accessing SARA Title III Section 304 "Accidental Release" Data
       B.  Short Term Release Example: General Electric, Waterford, N.Y.
       C.  Input Requirements fcr Running Degadis
       D.  Description of the Process
       E.  Results
       F.  Steps for Linking Degadis Model Output to ARC/INFO
A.   Accessing SARA Title III Section 304 "Accidental Release" Data

        Depending on the circumstances, Section 313 substances which are released during an
accident are reported under the "fugitive" or the "stack" release category of the TRI.  If these
releases go off-site they are reportable under Section 304 of SARA (Emergency notification).
Information which is generated by Section 304 of SARA, therefore, can be useful in the analysis
of the TRI. (Note: Limitations exist in that not all TRI chemicals are listed  under Section 304 of
EPCRA. In addition, not all accidental releases reportable under Section 304-only when they
exceed the Reportable Quantity for that substance.)

       Accidental releases can result in  a short term exposure to the community and
environment of relatively high concentrations of toxic chemicals (acute exposure).
Consequently, an exposure assessment should include an  estimate of exposure resultant from
these events, analyzed in conjuction with estimates of long term exposures resultant from
routine or long term releases (chronic exposure).  As there is   often no  hard data  from
monitoring stations available, it may be necessary to model the accidental release to project
concentrations.
B.   Short Term  Release  Example:   General  Electric,  Waterford,  N.Y.

       At 4:20 AM on April 15, 1989, an accidential release of 2000-3000 Ibs. of Hydrogen
Chloride Gas. CAS# 7647-01-0 occured at the General Electric Silicones Plant  in Waterford,
N.Y. This accidental release was the result of a tube failure in a condenser. The event was
reported under Section 304 of SARA and was selected by this project for use as an example to
evaluate the potentials to model short term accidental releases with the aid of a GIS.

       As a dense gas (heavier than air), the NYS DEC Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorlogy
(BIAM) recommended the use of the "Degadis" atmospheric dispersion model.  Input
requirements for running the Degadis model was gathered by the Bureau of Impact
Assessment/Meteorlogy and was provided to the Center for Environmental Health, NYS
Department of Health who, using Degadis, produced concentration output for 3 time scenarios:
600 seconds after the start of the release; 900 seconds after the start of the release (end of the
release); and 1200 seconds after the start of the release (5 min. after the end of the release).
The concentration outputs for each of the three time scenarios was provided to the State Parks
Management and Research Institute where it was  integrated into a GIS (see Steps  to Integrate
Degadis with ARC/INFO).
                                          88

-------
C.   Input  Requirements for Running  Degadis

       Section 304 of SARA requires facilities to submit a "written follow-up emergency
notice" (40CFR Part 355.40 (b) (3)).  These "emergency notices" can be used to access some
of the information which is needed to model an event (date, time, substance, etc.), however, it
may be necessary to contact the facility to obtain other specific information which is needed as
input requirements to Degadis.

       The Degadis input for the G.E. Waterford event (spill no. 8900464 ) was as follows:
wind direction: 160 degrees; wind speed: 7.2 meter/sec;  air temp 5 C;  atmospheric pressure:
1009 mb; stability: D, relative humidity: 75%; height of release: 46 feet above ground;
molecular weight of substance: 36.47; storage temp: 76 C; heat capacity HCL: 6.96 calories
degree mole; release rate: 1.52 kilograms per sec (used 3000 Ibs. release estimate); size  of
rupture:  1000 ft.

       Meteorological data needed for the Degadis model may be obtained from Local
Climitalogical Data. National Climatic Center, Ashville N.C. This reference records weather data
from weather stations located throughout the U.S. on 3 hour intervals  (Data from the National
Weather Service Station at Albany Airport was used as input in  this application).

D.   Description of the Process

       The Degadis model calculates concentration values at a median line from the point of
release. To determine the shape of the plume (concentrations out from the median line) a Pascal
program had to be written which would calculate concentration values at receptor locations
relative to this line  (Appendix A-11).  This  program uses  the following formula to determine
these values:

C (x.y.z) =  Cc (x)  exp [-(  /y/  -bfxl )2 -  (
                            Sy(x)

C (x.y.z)= concenration at determined location from release point
b=  half width (distance which concentration is uniform from median line)
y= distance from median
x= distance along median
S=standard deviation (distance from half width to outer edge of the plume)
a=coefficient

Above formula from: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, A Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet Chemical Releases. Vol. II. User's
Guide. (EPA-450/4-88-006b),  Research Triangle Park  NC  277711, April  1988,  P. 4

       This results in a grid  of receptor points (similar to  ISCLT in Section 3.2) which can
then be plotted on a GIS; oriented ("rotate" command) based on wind direction at the time of
release; and contoured.

E.   Results
                                           39

-------
       The results of this model show that the concentration of the HCL plume resultant from
this accidental release exceeded the "Immediately Threatening to Life and Health value (IDLH)
for this substance out as far as the property boundary of the facility, with the Threshold Limit
Value (TLV) exceeded out as far as 1 mile from the point of release (Figure 3.13).


F.  Steps  to Link Degadis Model  Output to ARC/INFO

1. Degadis results entered into 3 dBASE files (concentrations at 100 meter intervals along a
median line, calculated for 3 time scenarios: 600 seconds, 900 seconds, and 1200 seconds)

2. dBase files exported to 3 ASCII files (600 sec, 900 sec, 1200  sec)

3. Run TURBO Pascal  program "conc.pas" (Appendix A-11) for each of the 3 ASCII files. This
program:
       a) reads the ASCII file of the Degadis Model output
       b) computes concentration  values for a grid of points within the limits of the plume
       c) writes  two (2) ASCII files:
             File  1  contains the  relative (Delta "x",  Delta "y")  coordinates from the release
             source pt.
             File  2  contains concentration values for each point  in the grid.

4.  Run GRID.AML (Appendix A-12)  for each of the three time scenarios (600 sec,900
sec,1200 sec). This  reads the 3 ASCII coordinate files (File 1) to create 3 point coverages for
each time scenario.

5. Use ARC/INFO "ROTATE" command to orient the generated grid in the opposite direction from
which the prevailing winds were occuring at the time of the accidental release. Use the
accidental release coordinates as the "point of rotation"

6. Run ARC/INFO "BUILD" on the rotated point coverages

7. Create (ARC/INFO "DEFINE" command" )3 empty  INFO tables structured with one item for
concentration.

8. Use the "ADD FROM" command in INFO to import  the concentration ASCII output files (File
2) into the  INFO concentration tables.

9. Use "JOINITEM" command to join the concentration tables with the PAT of the 3 point
coverages created in  step 4.

10. Use "ADDITEM" command to add a new item which will hold the integer value of the
concentration.  NOTE: The "TIN" subsystem of ARC/INFO can not work with decimal numbers.
Censequently, it  is necessary to multiply decimal concentration  values by a number which will
convert the database into integer values.

11.  Use "ARCTIN" to create a Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) for each time scenario with
the concentration serving as the "z" value.
12. Use  "TINCONTOUR" command to create contour line coverages delineating where
                                          90

-------
concentration values exceed the Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) and the
Threshold Limit Value (TLV) values (Note: the IDLH and TLV vary for individual toxic
chemicals)
13. To calculate concentration values at point locations within the path of the plume, i.e.
properties (New York State Assessment Role Levy Module property centroids). use the
TINSPOT" command.
                                          91

-------
IDLH  and  TLV  Contour  Lines
with  GE  V ate r/o r d  and
Proposed  Inte rpower
Cogeneration  Site  Parcels
   GS Foter/ord Parcel Boundaries

   Proposed /nterpower Coaeneration Site

   IDLE  Contour line

   TLV Contour line

   Outer Boundary o/ Plume at 600 seconds
 Figu   13  Degadis atmospheric dispersion model output
        integrated with a/.GIS.

-------
•I
               • • v
            \  -  - c
             \
             1

             I
             V
                 .
              I ,

              \

              •\
              \
              I
              \
              I
              I
                         Saratoga  ARLM Parcel Points

                         with  Outer Boundary of

                         Ptume at  600  seconds
            [T] ARLM Parcel Centroid Points



            [AT] Outer Boundary of Plume at 600 seconds
.
                                                  r
                          Figure 3.

-------
*RECNO
17
18
19
27
69
70
71
73
74
76
89
91-
92
94
95
98
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
154
156
157
158
159
161
163
164
182
209
220
240
255
260
267
451
SflRRCONC-ID
36624
36625
36626
36722
36770
36771
36772
36774
36775
36777
38706
38708
38709
38711
38712
38715
38753
38754
38755
38756
58757
38758
38759
38760
38761
38762
38763
38764
38765
38766
38767
38768
38771
38773
38774
38775
38776
38778
38780
38781
38799
38830
38841
39671
39715
39720
60552
63334
CQNC600
0.000001178
0.000000896
0.000001104
0.000001552
0.000000719
0.000000932
0.000000504
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000000911
0.000001600
0.000001498
0.000001102
0.000001735
0.000001798
0.000001101
0.000001240
0.000002403
0.000002199
0.000002098
0.000001991
0.000002205
0.000002302
0.000002209
0.000001442
0.000001905
0.000001732
0.000001995
0.000001901
0.000001701
0.000001791
0.000001702
0.000001505
0.000001604
0.000000806
0.000000996
0.000001203
0.000001300
0.000001001
Q. 000001197
0.000003605
0.000005814
0.000003780
0.000006889
0.000049901
0.000014255
0.000000729
0.000107896
CONC900
0.000001178
0.000000896
0.000001100
0.000001550
0.000000719
0.000000932
0.000000504
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000001600
0.000001498
0.000001102
0.000001735
0.000001798
0.000001101
0.000001240
0.000002407
0.000002199
0.000002196
0.000002063
0.000002204
0.000002294
0.000002205
0.000001442
0.000001905
0.000001732
0.000001995
0.000001901
0.000001702
0.000001791
0.000001702
0.000001505
0.000001604
0.000000806
0.000000992
0.000001203
0.000001300
0.000001001
0.000001197
0.000003609
0.000005809
0.000003781
0.000006830
0.000055981
0.000014655
0.000000729
0.000118324
                                      CONC1200
                                   0.000001178
                                   0.000000896
                                   0.000001100
                                   0.000000726
                                   0.000000719
                                   0.000000932
                                   0.000000504
                                   0.000001000
                                   0.000001000
                                   0.000001000
                                   0.000001600
                                   0.000001486
                                   0.000001102
                                   0.000001694
                                   0.000001800
                                   0.000001101
                                   0.000000903
                                   0.000001977
                                   0.000001799
                                   0.000001900
                                   0.000001795
                                   0.000001994
                                   0.000002007
                                   0.000001994
                                   0.000001302
                                   0.000001744
                                   0.000001657
                                   0.000001890
                                   0.000001835
                                   0.000001641
                                   0.000001699
                                   0.000001706
                                   0.000001404
                                   0.000001600
                                   0.000000806
                                   0.000000992
                                   0.000001202
                                   0.000001302
                                   0.000001005
                                   0.000001097
                                   0.000002202
                                   0.000003800
                                   0.000002048
                                   0.000000599
                                   0.000000200
                                     .000000000
                                   0.000000729
                                   0:000000231 *
Figure 3-15 Concentration values of HCL  at property parcel  "centroids"
          at 10 min., 15 min., and 20  min.   -is a parcel  owned by G.f
          (see Figure 3.13)
                       94

-------
3.4   Conclusion

       The integration of the ISCLT and Degadis atmospheric dispersion models with a GIS
provides for the ability to automate the process of projecting toxic concentration levels
calculated by these models to populations and ecosystems which surround Section 313 facilities.
In addition, as the GIS can present this information in both map and printout format, it can be
presented in a manner which can be readily interpreted by investigators.

       The combined use of a short term model like Degadis with a long term model like ISCLT
on a GIS,  can provide for an exposure assessment which includes concentration calculations
resultant from routine  releases as well as acute exposure which may have resulted from
accidental releases. These coverages can be combined through GIS overlay to provide a composite
map of a facility's releases.

       For the most part, facilities which are reporting "stack" or "point" emissions under
Section 313 of SARA, are also subject to the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (DEC) air permit requlations.  DEC maintains this permit data in the "Air
Pollution Source Management System" which resides on a NYS Office of General Services
mainframe computer in Albany.  This database provides access to additional information on a
facility which  is needed as input requirements to E.P.A.'s "Industrial Source Complex (ISC)
Dispersion Model: stack height, emission rate, stack gas exit velocity, stack inside  diameter,
source elevation and stack gas temperature. The availability of this information will facilitate
any future risk assessments of Section  313 releases.
                                           95

-------
APPENDIX

-------
      PROGRAM  STRIPSTATE
12
15
11
17
      PROGRAM STRIPSTRTE
      CHARACTER*?  STATE,UANTEO
      CHARACTER*?© STATEFILE
      CHARACTER*!  LINE(358)
      EQUIUALEMCE  (LINE(16J.STATE)
      URITE  (1,  •) 'PLEASE ENTER THE
      READ (1,  17) UANTED
                               TUO LETTER ABElREU.  FOR THE STATE
STflTEFILE
open (10.
open (11,
DO 12 J =
KEAO (10,
IF (STATE
J = 2
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
close (10,
CLOSE (11,
FORMAT
FORMAT
stop
end
                -  'TRI>'//UANTED//'.DATA'
                file- 'tri>TRI.DATA',  status'
                file* STflTEFILE,  status- 'neu')
                1,5
                11,END- 1?)  LINE
                .£0.  UANTED) URITE (11,  11)  LINE
                                         'old')
    status"
    STATUS-
(358(A1))
(fl2)
                         'old'
                         'NEW
                   A-1

-------
PROGRflH STRIPREC
PROGRAM STR1PKEC
CHARACTER*! RECTYPE
CHARACTER*! LINE(35B)
CHARACTER*30 STRIPFILE
EQUIVALENCE (LINE(1).RECTYPE)
WRITE (1, •) 'PLEASE ENTER THE
FILENAME YOU UISH TO STRIPi
READ 1, 19) STRIPFILE
OPEN 10, FILE- 'TRI>'//STRIPFILE, STATUS • 'OLD
open 11. fHe- 'tr 1>RT1 . DATA' , status*-! 'neu' )
OPEN 12. FILE" 'TRI>RT2.DATA', STATUS- 'NEU')
OPEN 13, FILE- 'TRI>RT3.DATA'. STATUS- 'NEU')
OPEN 14, FILE- 'TRI>RT4.DATA', STATUS- 'NEU')
OPEN 15, FILE- 'TRI>RT5.DATA', STATUS- 'NEU')









-



DO 12 J = 1.5
READ (10, ll.END-
IF (RECTYPE .EQ. '
URITE (11, 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
URITE (12. 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
URITE (13, 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
- - URITE (14, 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
URITE (15. 11)
ELSE

15) LINE
1') THEN
LINE
EQ. '2') THEN
LINE
EQ. '3') THEN
LINE
EQ. '4') THEN
LINE
EQ. '5') THEN
LINE

URITE (1, •) 'RECORD TYPE NOT 1 THRU 5'


12
15






11
19


END IF
J - 2
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
close (10, status-
CLOSE (11. STATUS-
CLOSE (12, STATUS-
-- CLOSE- (13, STATUS-
CLOSE (14, STATUS-
CLOSE (15. STATUS-
FORMAT (358(A1))
FORMAT (A30)
stop
end




'old' )
'NEU'
'NEU'
'NEU'
'NEU'
'NEU'




              A-2

-------
/• STRIPPTS.flHL
•/••
/• Read* each point from the file TRI .00 and
/• selects all points that exist at that coordinate.
/• It then deletes all but, one point, and urites a record
/• to a file IOCHANGE.TRI for each point it deleted.
/• IDCHANGE.TRI has tuo fields, DELID which is the id of the
/• point deleted, and NEUID uhich is the neu shared  id of
/• that point.
/•
&seuer i ty Serror ^routine problem
&if [close -all] *- 0 &then &ca!1 problem
editc tri
editf label
coo key
/•
/• Assign file names and open all files to be used
&s ddf i 1e -
&s chf 1 le -
             tri . dd
             idasc. tr i
&s ddumt » [open JCddfileX stat -r]
&s chunit • [open SchfileX stat -u]
&s ctr  •  1
&s rec  "  [read  KddunitX eof]
&do Suntll ieofX.  -  102
  &s  long •  [before XrecX  '  ']
  Ss  lat  - [after JrecX '  ']
  sel box
  klongiE.KIatK
  XlongX.XIetX
  Its  numsel  - [show number select]
  &if XnumseU  >  1  &then
   &do
    &s  counter  •>  I
    &do &uhtle  Xcounter* <-  XnumselX
      &s  ptrecXcounterX »  [show  select  XcounterX]
      &s  pt idXcounterX - [shou  label  [ualue  ptrecXcounter/S]  id]
      &if ZcounterX >  1 &then
        &do
        &s outrec - [ualue pt idKcounter '/."] ,!!pt idl«
        &if  [urite  XchunitX  %outrecX]  *-  0 &then &call  problem
        iend
      &s  counter  •  ^counter*  *  1
    Send
    unselect $id  •  XptidlX
    delete
   Send
  &s  rec  - [read  XddunitX  eof]
  &s  ctr  • fcctrX  *  I
&end  /• Sdo  {.until  XeofX - 102
&s ctr  •  JSctrX  -  1
&type Total  records read from original  file  uas
/•
/• Close  all files  and end if no  problems so far
 &if  [close XddunttX]
                        0 fit hen ScaTl problem

                         0 &then &call problem
 &lf [close XchunitX]
 Sreturn
 &routine problem
 &if [close XddunitX] "<• 0 &then Ktype problem closing
 &if [close XchunltX] *- 0 &then &type problem closing
 &return< &return &error Bailing out of str ippts. am I due to error.
            A-3

-------
/• MBKETEnP.flflL
/«
/• Must run from ARC' prompt. Creates template centered on given x.y coori
/• Template ulll haue .5 mile concentric rings starting at 1 mile. then 1
/• etc. Slices uill be made at 15 degree intervals. Uhen specifying maxdl-
/• make It rounded UP to be divisible by 5, and enter in miles.
/•
&args cover x y maxdist
&if [null Kcover*] | [null *xX] | [null XyX]  | [null Knaxd istX] Sthen &ret
Usage' JlflKETENP  «.x_coord>  
&seuer I ty Ser-ror ^routine problem
&lf [exists XcoverX -cover] &then
 Sreturn Suarning XcouerX already exists, balling out...
&if [exists temptemp -cover] Jit hen kill temptemp all
copy template temptemp
/•
/* Move the template (arcs and labels) to center on facility coord.
/•             r
arcedlt
editc temptemp
editf arcs
set all
coo key
move
1 ,41500,4459500
editf  label
sel all
move
1 ,41500.4459500
save
quit
build temptemp  poly
/•
/• Create generate file,  then generate cover CIRCS  uhich  uill  be
/• a series  of  concentric  circles around the facility  at  .5  mile
/• Intervals, starting  uith a 1 mile circle.
/•
Sif [exists  circfile.gen  -file] &then &s stat •  [delete c ircf I le. gen]
&s radius •  1
&s funlt • [open  cl rcf i le. gen ostat -u]
&s ctr  • 1
&do {.uhile XradlusX  le  KmaxdistX
/• 1609  Is the  multiplier  to convert miles  to meters
 &s cradius  - XradiusK  •  1609
 &s rec  • XctrX.XxZ, XyX.XcradiusZ
 &if [write  %funit2!  XrecX]  A- 0 6 then Sea 11 problem
 &s radius - XradlusK  *  .5
 &s ctr  - JCctrX *  1
Send
&s rec  • end
&if [urite XfunitX XrecX]  '- 0 8, then Kcall  problem
&if [close XfunitX]  '*•  0  Si then {.call problem
& i f [exi;t»  circ:  -cover]  &then kill circs  all
generate circs
input circfile.gen
c 1 re les  no labels
quit

-------
buiId cires po ly
createlabels circs
buiId c I res po ly
add Item circs.pat circs.pat zone 4 4 c

/• Interactive attribute tagging for item zones In Cover CIRCS

arcedlt
editc circs
draue arc label on
editf label
drau
&s another -  .true.
&s cont • .false.
coo mouse
(•do &uhi le " XcontX
  &do &uhtle XanotherX
   &type \\Select a zone to be tagged,
   sel
   &s val • [response 'Enter Zone value (RETURN to stop this zone)']
   &1f * [null XualX] &then
     &do
      &s val - [quote XvalX]
      move item XualX to zone
     Send
   &s another - [query  'Tag another Zone (Y or N)' .false.]
  Send
  &s cont • [query 'Save data and continue (Y or N)'  .false.]
&end
save
quit

/• Create cover INNER uith 1 circle of inner radius

Slf [exists inner -cover] &then kill inner all
&s inner • .5 • 1609
generate Inner
circles
l,XxX,XyX,XinnerX
end
quit
buiId inner poly

/• overlay circs uith template

&if [exists temptempZ -cover] Sthen kill temptempZ all
Identity circs temptemp temptempZ poly

/* erase out  inner zone, and create cover

erase temptempZ inner XcoverX poly
add item XcoverX.pat XcoverX.pat sector 8 8 c

/• INFO section to concatenate zone and slice In XcoverX.PPT

tts upcover » [translate XcoverX]
&data arc Info
ARC
SEL XUPCOUERX.PHT
CONCBTENflTE SECTOR FROM ZONE,'-',SLICE	
RESEL XUPCOUERX-ID - 0
RESEL XUPCOUERXtt NE 1
nOUE 'INNER' TO SECTOR
Q STOP
Send

/• Delete and Kill all temp files and coverages

kill temptemp all
kill temptempZ all
kill circs al 1
kill inner all
&s stat • [delete cIrcf1le.gen]
Sreturn

/• Routine Problem

^routine problem
ireturn; ^return {.error Bailing out of nflKETEMP due to error...

              A-l» (continued)

-------
 /•
 /•
 /• Allows one-to-many and many-to-one queries to be made In RRCPLOT
 /• between a coverage PAT or AAT (utth one record per feature) and
 /« a related INFO table (with many records related to only one record  In
 /• coverage PAT or AAT).
 /•
 /• Urltten by« Larry Spraker, State Parks Management & Research Instltut
 /• Last Revision^ 1/30/90         -        ...  ---- .......
 /•
 &args cower rfile option  1 terns i rest
 &lf XopttonX ne list and  XoptlonX ne dray |  [null XcoverX] |  [null Xrflli
   Kreturn Kuarning -
 Usage> HOUERY    {item list)
-*sewer-ity Serror-Sroutine— prob-lem -----------
 &tf * [variable . cnqurr] &then
  &do
   Sif * [exists fea.sel -info] fit then
    (system arc.copyinfo template. fea fea.sel
   relate restore XcoverX . rel
   &•» — rmqtM'r-- • -.-true. -•-  ------------- ~~^^^^m —
  Send
 &type \\Kll1ing temporary ftlei  Pea, please uait...\
 &system arc kill fea info
 &type \\Contlnulng utth nOUERY...\\
 &s done • .false.
-Sdo iuhile » XdoneX             ---  - - ...... --------
   &type \\
   &s selcmnd - [response 'Selection coriimand']
   &if [null XselcmndX] &then
     &s done • .true.
   &else                                         _
     [unqaote XseJcmndX] - - -    ----- • --------  -----
 Send
 &type \\
-&lf * [query 'Continue utth flQUERY  (Y or N)' .false.] &then
   &do
    &type \\Aborttng MQUERY...
--- &me»sages -&on -------- -•   —
    &return
   Send
 &if XoptionX - list &then
  &do
   Infoflle XcoverX point fea.sel XcoverX-ld
   &messaqes &off         -                         -
   resel XrflleX point XcoverX-ld -  XcoverXrea/XXcoutrr X- i .1
   Smessages Son
   &if [null XttemsX] &then
     list XrfileX point
   &else
    -M4t XrftleX point XitemsX  -:                   ...
  Send
 &else
  &do
   infoflle XrflleX point fea.sel XcoverX-ld
   &messages &off
   resel XcowerX point XcoverX-ld -  Xcover Xf eo//Xcovcr X- i d
   &inessages Son
   points XcouerX
  &end - -  -  •

               A- 5

-------
/• CALCON.AHL
/* THIS AML CALCULATES CONCENTRATION VALUES IN THREE SEPARATE TABLES:
/*           TCTABLE   CDTABLE   PBTABLE
/* THE CONCENTRATION EQUALS NORMALIZED CONCENTRATION (NOTABLE)  TIMES
/* THE EMISSION RATES FOUND IN THE THREE SUB-ROUTINES.
SWATCH CALCON.WATCH
SECHO SON
TABLES
RELATE ADD
NCV
NOTABLE
INFO
ID
ID
LINK
[UNQUOTE ' ']
5DO CON &LIST PB CD TC
SCALL X%CON%
SEL %CON«TABLE
&S UNIT [OPEN SOURCE.LIST OK -READ]
&DO CNT o 1 &TO 86
SS ITEM [READ %UNIT% OK]
CALC %ITEM% = NCV//«ITEM% * [VALUE %ITEM%]
SEND /* DO 86 TIMES.
&S OK [CLOSE %UNIT%]
SEND /* DO LIST LOOP.
Q STOP
SECHO SOFF
&WATCH &OFF
SRETURN
SROUTINE XTC
SS SI = 0.442820
SS S2 = 0.523470
SS S3 = 0.133680
SS S4 = 0.133680
SS S5 « 0.157010
SS S6 = 0.236190
SS S101 = 0.000057
SS S102 ° 0.000027
SS S103 = 0.000024
SS S104 = 0.000107
SS S105 = 0.000027
SS S106 = 0.000052
SS S107 = 0.000044
SS S108 = 0.000026
SS S109 = 0.000020
SS S110 ° 0.000005
SS Sill ° 0.000011
SS S112 = 0.000061
SS S113 = 0.002060
SS S114 = 0.000071
SS S115 = 0.001130
SS S116 = 0.000131
SS S117 = 0.000025
SS S118 = 0.000048
SS S119 = 0.000018
SS S120 = 0.000077
SS S121 = 0.000034
SS S201 = 0.000149
                       A-6

-------
 &S S202
 &S S203
 &S S601
 SS S602
 &S S603
 &S S604
 &S S605
 SS S606
 SS S607
 &S S608
 &S S609
 SS S610
 &s sen
 &S S612
 SS S613
 SS 5614
 SS S615
 SS S616 *
 SS S702
 &S S801 *
 SS S1001
 SS S1002
 SS S1003
 SS S1004
 SS S1005
 SS S1006
 SS S1007
 SS S1008
 SS S1009
 SS S1010
 SS S1101
 SS S1102
 SS S1103
 SS S1104
 SS S1105
 &S S1106
 SS S1107
 SS S1108
 SS S1201
 &S S1202
 SS  S1203
 SS S1204
 &S S1205
 tS S1206
 SS S1207
 SS S1208
 SS S1501
 SS S1502
 SS S1503
 &S S1504
 SS S1505
 SS S1506
 SS S1701
 SS S1702
 SS S1703
4S S1704
SS S1705
SS S1707
SRETURK
SROUTINE
» 0
- 0
= 0
o 0
a 0
= 0
    000019
    000173
  0.000108
  0.000020
    000074
  0.000136
  0.000037
    000005
  0.000103
  0.000012
  0.000372
  0.000026
  0.000335
    000053
  0.000039
  0.000387 ,
    000046
  0.000386
  0.000081
  0.000000
   0.203120
   0.135420
   0.135420
   0.203120
   0.203120
   0.067032
   0.073124
   0.067709
   0.067709
   0.067709
   0.000316
   0.000764
   0.000193
   0.000332
     000110
     000672
     000145
     019372
   0.002182
   0.000247
     000462
   0.001779
   0.001385
     000272
     000260
     000336
     203140
     101560
     152340
     152340
     097500
     088021
= 0.000311
= 0.000357
= 0.000808
= 0.004118
= 0.000107
= 0.000457

XCD
   0.
   0.
   0.
   0.
 = 0
   0.
   0.
   0.
   0.
   0.
   0.
   0.
   0.
   0.
                   A-6  (continued)

-------
as SI = 2853.899900
as S2 = 3373.599850
as S3 = 861.479736
as S4 = 861.479736
&S S5 o 3261.999760
as S6 = 1522.099850
          0.822540
          0.390870
          0.346430
          1.528OOO
          0.379640
          0.739020
          0.632730
          0.369510
          0.290190
          0.069752
          0.161670'
          0.877590
          29.465988
          1.012400
          16.165985
          1.875400
          0.355590
          0.690940
          0.263210
          1.108500
          0.493530
          1793.599850
          228.419998
          2072.599850
          3.103000
          0.577070
          2
          1
          1
as S101 >
as S102 '
as S103 '
as S104 '
as S105 '
&S S106 '
&S S107 '
&S S108 '
as S109 '•
as S110 '•
IS Sill '
as S112 '
as S113 '
as sii4 '
&S S115 '
&S S116 '
&S S117 '
as SUB '
as S119 '
as si20 '
as si2i ••
as S20i i
as S202 '
as S203 '•
as S60i
as S602 <
as S603 >
as S604 i
as S605 '
as S606 '
as S607 '•
as S608
as S609
as S6io
as sen
as S612
as S613
as S614 <
as S615 '
as S616 '
as S702 '
as ssoi
as siooi
as sioo2
as S1003
as S1004
as sioos
as siooe
as sioo7
as SIOOB
as sioo9
as sioio
as snoi
  105800
  948799
  052899
0.131610
2.951099
0.334090
10.630000
0.744110
9.582399
1.528700
1.103499
11.085999
1.306000
11.054999
977.539795
0.000000
 4219.898440
 2813.299800
 2813.299800
• 4219.898440
 4219.898440
 1392.599850
 1519.199710
 1406.599850
 1406.599850
 1406.599850
 4.517700
as S1102 - 10.933000
                         A-6 (continued)

-------
 &S  S1103 -  2.763700
'fiS  S1104 »  4.750199
            1.579300
            9.620000
            2.077899
            277.129883
            26186.996100
            2965.599850
            5539.496090
            21356^000000
            16617.996100
            3263.999760
            3114.
            4028.
     799800
     700200
4219.898440
2110.000000
3164.899900
3164.899900
2025.599850
1828.599850
3730.300050
4289.796870
9698.796870
49426.000000
1287.000000
5483.500000
&S S1105
&S S1106
&S S1107
SS S1108
&S S1201
&S S1202
SS S1203
SS S1204
SS S1205
SS S1206
SS S1207
&S S1208
SS S1501
SS S1502
SS S1503
SS S1504
SS S1505
SS S1506
SS S1701
SS S1702
SS S1703
SS S1704
&S S1705
&S S1707
4RETURN
(ROUTINE XPB
SS SI = 83397.937500
&S S2 = 98586.937500
&S S3 - 25175.996100
&S S4 o 25175.996100
&S S5 = 65362.988300
&S S6 = 44447.996100
SS S101 o 8.669399
&S S102 " 4.119699
&S S103 = 3.651299
&S S104 = 16.104996
&S S105 = 4.001300
6S S106 o 7.789100
&S S107 = 6.668799
&S S108 = 3.894600
&S S109 = 3.058599
&S S110 *> 0.735160
&S Sill » 1.704000
&S S112 = 9.249599
&S S113 = 310.559814
&S S114 ° 10.669999
&S S115 = 170.389999
&S S116 a 19.765991
&S 5117 = 3.747800
&S S118 = 7.282300
&S 5119 ° 2.774199
SS 5120 = 11.684000
6S 5121 = 5.201600
iS S201 = 38961.000000
iS 5202 = 4961.699220
SS S203 = 45021.996100
SS 5601 o 327.039795
SS S602 = 60.819000
                             A-6  (continued)

-------
 as S603  •
•&S S604  =
 CS S60S  -
 &S S606  «
 &S S607  «
 &S S608  -
 6S S609  =
 &S S610  =
 SS S611  <>
 &S S612  «
 SS S613  «
 &S S614  *
 SS S615  =
 SS S616  =
 &S S702  -
 &S S801  =
 &S S1001
 SS S1002
 &S S1003
 6S S1004
 &S S1005
 &S S1006
 &S S1007
 &S S1008
 &S S1009
 &S S1010
 SS S1101
 &S S1102
 as SH03
 &S S1104
 6S S1105
 6S S1106
 &S S1107
 6S S1108
 &S S1201
 &S S1202
 &S S1203
 &S S1204
 &S S1205
 &S S1206
 &S S1207
 &S S1208
 &S S1501
 &S S1502
 &S S1503
 &S S1504
 &S S1S05
 &S S1506
 SS S1701
 &S S1702
 SS S1703
 SS S1704
 SS S170S
 SS S1707
 (RETURN
 221.940002
 20.539993
 110.969986
 13.870999
 311.030029
 35.210983-
 1120.399900
 78.424988
 1009.899660
 161.120000
 116.299988
 1168.399900
 137.639999
 1165.199950
 21233.996100
 0.000000
» 84556.'937500
• 56370.996100
• 56370.996100
=• 84556.937500
• 84556.937500
- 27904.000000
= 30441.000000
= 28186.000000
» 28186.000000
' 28186.000000
= 47.614990
• 115.239990
* 29.128998
» 50.065994
• 16.645004
= 101.389999
=• 21.899994
= 2920.899900
» 568830.000000
= 64418.968700
= 120329.937000
= 463900.000000
' 360989.937000
> 70900.937500
> 67659.937500
> 87512.000000
' 84556.937500
* 42277.996100
> 63417.968700
* 63417.968700
' 40587.000000
• 36641.000000
= 81030.000000
> 93185.000000
> 210680.000000
• 1073599.000000
= 27954.996100
= 119109.937000
                           A-6  (continued)

-------
'/* CALCSC
 /* THIS AML ADDS THE CONCENTRATION VALUES GENERATED IN CALCON.AML AND
 /* STORES THEM IN SCTABLE.  SCTABLE CONTAINS 33 ITEMS TO HOLD THE SCENARIO
 /* VALUES FOR ALL 11 SCENARIOS FOR 3  CONTAMINANTS.
 &DATA ARC INFO
 SCO CON &LIST TC CD PB
 SEL %CON%TABLE
 REL SCTABLE ID LINK
 &S CI $1%CON%SCEN
 CALC %CI%1 a SI 4- S2 + S3 4- S4 4- S5 + S6 4- S101 4- S102 + S103 + S104  + S105
 CALC %CI%1 - %CI%1 4- S106 4- S107 4- S108 -t- S109 4- S110 -t- Sill + S112 4- S113
 CALC %CI%1 a %CI%1 + S114 4- S115 + S116 4- S117 4- S118 4- S119 4- S120 4- S121
 CALC %CI%1 a %CI%1 4- S201 -I- S202 + S203 + S601 + S602 + S603 -t- S604 + S605
 CALC %CItl a %CI%1 + S606 + S607 + S608 + S609 + S610 + S611 4- S612 + S613
 CALC %CI*1 - %CI%1 + S614 + S61S + S616 + S702
 CALC %CI%2 a S601 <+ S602 -I-  S603 + S604 + S605 + S606 4- S607 + S608 -I-  S609
 CALC *CI%2 a %CI%2 + S610 + S611 + S612 + S613 + S614 + S615 + S616 4- 5
 CALC %CI%3 - SI 4- S2 4- S3 + S4 + S5 4- S6 4- S101 + S102 + S103 -I- S104  +
              %CI%3 + S106 + S107 4- S108 + S109 4- S110 4- Sill 4- S112 4-
              %CI%3 4- S114 4- S115 4- S116 4- S117 4- SUB 4- S119 4- S120 4- Sl«.
              %CI%3 + S201 4- S202 4- S203
              S201 4- S202 4-  S203 4- S702
              S5 4- S6 4- S101 4- S121 4-  S201 4- S202 4- S203 4- S601 4- S602 + S603
                           + S605 4- S606 4- S607 4- S608 4- S609 4- S610 4- S611
                              S613 4- S614 4- S615 4- S616 + S702 4- S1001  4- S1002
                                     4-  S1005 4- S1006 4- S1007 + S1008 4-  S1009
                                     4-  S1102 4- S1103 4- S1104 4- S1105 4-  S1106
                                       S1201 4- S1202 4- S1203 4- S1204 4-  S1205
                                       S1208 4- S1501 + S1502 4- S1503 4-  S1504
                                     4-  S1701 4- S1702 4- S1703 4- S1704
%CI%5 4- S604
%CI%5 4- S612 H
%CI%5 4- S1003
%CI%5 4- S1010
%CI%5
%CI%5 4-
S5 4- S6
%CI%6 4-
CALC %CI%3 '
CALC %CI*3 '
CALC %CI%3 >
CALC %CI%4 <
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC *CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC *CI%7
CALC %CI%7
CALC %CI%7
CALC %CI%7
CALC %CI%8
CALC %CI«8
CALC %CI%9
CALC %CI%9
CALC %CI%9
CALC %CI%10
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
6END /* DO LIST  LOOP
Q STOP
SEND /* DATA STATEMENT
&RETURN
              4- S1004
              4- S1101
%CI%5 + S1107 4- S1108
%CI%5 4- S1206 + S1207
      4- S1505 4- S1506
      4- S1705 4- S1707
        4- S101 4- S121
        S1003 4- S1004
                                     4- S201 4- S202 4- S203 4- S1001  4-  S1002
  S1101
  S1108
                      S1206 + S1207
                                       S1005
                                     -t- S1102
                                     + S1201
                                     + S1208
 S1006
 S1103
 S1202
                                       + S1007
                                       + S1104
                                       + S1203
                                               -t- S1008
                                               + S1105
                                               -t- S1204
%CI%6 4- S1010
%CI%6 + S1107
%CI%6
S601 4- S602 + S603  4-  S605  4- S606 4- S607 4- S608 4- S609  +
%CI%7 + S611 4- S612 4- S613 4- S614 4- S615 4- S616 4- S702
                                                        + S1009
                                                        + S1106
                                                        + S1205
                                                                        S610
%CI%7 4- S1501 4-
%CI%7 4- S1702 4-
S1201 4- S1202
%CI%8 4- S1701 +
S1001 4- S1002 +
%CI%9 + S1009 4-
%CI%9 4- S1505 4-
 S1101 4- S1102 4-
  S1502
  S1704
4- S1203
  S1702
  S1003
  S1010 4- S1501 +
  S1506
   S1103
                       4-  S1503  4- S1504
                       4-  S1705  4- S1707
                       4-  S1204  4- S1205
                       4-  S1703  4-
                       4-  S1004  4-
                                 S1704
                                 S1005
                                 S1502
                                                     + S1505 +  S1506
                                                     + S604 + S1703
                                                     + S1206 +  S1207
                                                     + S170S +  S1707
                                                     + S1006 +  S1007
                                                     + S1503 +  S1504
                                                        + S1701

                                                        + S1208
                                                        + S1008
               S1001 +  S1002  + S1003
                        4-  S1104
                        4-  S1004
4- S1105 4- S1106
4- S1005 4- S1006
                                                4- S1107
                                                4- S1007
               %CI%11 +
               %CI%11 •*•
               %CI%11 +
               %CI%11 +
               %CII11 +
          S1009
          S1106
          S1205
          S1504
          S1705
                4-  S1010  4- S1101
                4-  S1107  4- S1108
                   S1206  4- S1207
                                                           S1108
                                                           S1008
                         4-
                   S1505  4- S1506
                4-  S1707
                                 4- S1102 4- S1103 4- S1104  4- S1105
                                 4- S1201 4- S1202 4- S1203  4- S1204
                                 4- S1208 4- S1501 + S1502  4- Slf>03
                                 + S1701 4- S1702 4- S1703  4-     4
                   A-7

-------
/* CONGEN
/* THIS AML CREATES CONTOUR COVERAGES FROM THE LATTICE FILES.
^SEVERITY fiERROR &IGNORE
SS PBINT 660,200,650,640,050,7990,8500,9000,210,9,8050
&S CDZNT 30,10,30,30,370,370,30,380,10,1,370
&S TCINT 9.097,.4,9.09,.024,7.425,7.404,1.752,.4,4.955,.6,5.055
&DO CON &LIST TC PB CD
SDO CNT SLIST 123456789 10 11
LATTICECONTOUR<%CON%LAT%CNT% %CON%CONT%CNT%-
 [EXTRACT %CNT% [VALUE %CON*INT]] 0 %CON%SCEN%CNT%
SEND /* CNT
SEND /* CON
4RETURN
                      A-8

-------
'/* LATGEN
 RELATE ADD
 PTS
 SCTABLE
 INFO
 RECEPTOR-ID
 RECEPTOR-ID
 LINK
 [UNQUOTE ' ']  *
 fiDO CON &LIST  TC CD PB
 fiDO CUT &LIST  123456789 10 11
 ARCTIM RECEPTOR %CON%TIN%CNT% POINT PTS//%CON%SCEN%CNT%
 TINLATTICE %CON*TIN*CNT% %CON%LAT%CNT%  SMOOTH
 65 60
 558000 4482000
 1000 1000
 &SYS DELETE %CON%TIN%CNT% -NQ -RPT
 &END /* CNT
 SEND /* CON
 &RETURN
                   A-9

-------
/* TAB
ARCPLOT
RELATE ADD
RELNC
NCTABLE
IKFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
RELTC
TCTABLE
INFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
RELCD
CDTABLE
INFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
RELPB
PBTABLE
INFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
[UNQUOTE ' ']
6S OK [DELETE TABULATIONS.DATA -FILE]
&S WUNIT [OPEN TABULATIONS.DATA OKOW -WRITE)
&S RUNIT [OPEN SOURCE.LIST OKOR -READ)
&IF %OKOW% NE 0 &THEN SRETURN WRITE=%OKOW%
SIF %OKOR% NE 0 &THEN S RETURN  READ=%OKOR%
SDO CNT = 1 &TO 86
&S SOUR [READ %RUNIT% OK]
&DO CON &LIST NC TC PB CD
STATISTICS RECEPTOR POINT
MAX REL%CON%//%SOUR*
END
RESELECT RECEPTOR POINT REL%CON*//*SOUR% = [SHOW STATISTIC 1 1]
fiS ANSI%CON% [SHOW SELECT RECEPTOR POINT 1 ITEM RECEPTOR-ID]
&S ANSC%CON% [SHOW STATISTIC 1 1)
CLEARSELECT
SEND /* DO LIST
&S OK [WRITE %WUNIT% [QUOTE %SOUR%,%ANSINC%,%ANSCNC%,%ANSITC%,%ANSCTC% •
%ANSIPB%,%ANSCPB%,%ANSICD%,%ANSCCD%]]
(END /* DO 1 TO 86 LOOP
&S OK [CLOSE %RUNIT%]
&S OK [CLOSE %WUNIT%]
QUIT
(RETURN


                      A-10

-------
program cone ;

eonat
  numitetns = SO;

var
 adist : array Cl. -numi terns] of integer;
 aeonc : array [1. .numitems] of real;
 ahw : array Cl. .numitems] of real:
 aay : array [1. .numitems] of real;
 dist.bigdiff .litdiff : integer;
 eone.Viewconc.hw.sy.y.diff . adder. pet : real:
 inf ile. eoordout. eoncout : text;
 i. J.k, hi. lo. mid. start.distinc. target. yinc  : integer;
 strdist  : string[4];
 strcone  : stringCll];
 strhw : stringCS];
 strsy : string[&];
 stry : stringCS];
 ree : stringC22];
 done : boolean;

Procedure bseareh;
begin
  lo := 1;
  hi :» numitems;
  while lo <= hi do
  begin
    mid := (lo + hi) div 2;
    if adistCmid] < target then
      begin
        lo :=mid+l;
        mid:=lo;
      end
    else  if target < adistCmid] then
      hi:amid-l
    else
      hi  := lo - 1;
  end; (while)
end;

begin (main program)
  assign  ( inf lie. 'conc!20O. esc' ) ;
  reset (infile);
  assign  (eoordout . ' eoord!2OO. out ' ) ;
  rewrite (eoordout);
  assign  (concout .' conc!2QO. out ');
  rewrite (concout);
  writelnC Enter distance increment along centerline  (in meters)-  •!•
  readln  (distine) -.
  writelnC Enter distance increment away from centerline (in meters)-  • 1'-
  readln  (yinc) ;
  l:=l!
  readln(inf ile.rec) ;
  while not eof(infile) do
    begin
      readln (infile. strdist. strcone. strhw. strsy) :
      vaKstrdist.adistCi]. J) ;
      vol ( strcone. aconeCi]. J) ;
      val (strhw, ahwCl], J) i
      val ( strsy, asyCi], J) ;
    end;
  close (inf He) ;    A~ 1 1

-------
  Beonellj:= 0.0;    	
  anwCl]:=O.O;          "-adist [l] :-1
  asy[l]:=0.0;
  dist:=adi3t[l];
  while (dist <= adistCnumitems]) do
  begin
    target := dist;
    bsearch;
    if (dist = adistCmid])  then
      begin
    "•    cone :=aconeC mid];
        hw:=ahu[mid];
        sy:=asyCmid]:
      end
    else
      begin
        bigdiff:sadistCfflidJ-edistCmid-1];
       ' litdiff:Bdiat-BdistCmid-l];
        pet: = litcJiTf/bigdiff;
        dirf:=aconc[mid]-aconc[mid-l];
        adder:=diff"pet;
        cone: =aconc C mid-1 ] redder;
        diff:=ahuCmid]-ahu[mid-l];
        adder:=diff"pet;
        hw: =ahwCoiid-1 ]+adder;
        difr:=asyCmld]-asyCmid-l];
        adder:=dif f"pet:
        sy:=osy[mid-1]+adder;
      end;
    y:»O.Q;
    done := false;
    while (y <= (hu-t-sy)) and (not done)  do
      begin
        if y a (hw+sy) then
           done := true;
        ir y <= hw then
           neweonc:=conc
        else
           neweone:=eone'exp(-sar((y-hw)/sy));
        str(neweonc:11:10.strcone);
        str(dist:&.strdist);
        if y = O then
          begin
            writeln(eoneout.strcone);
            writeln(coordout,'0.0'.'.'.strdist);
          end
        else
          begin
            str(y:8:2.stry);
            writeln(concout.strcone) ;
            writeln(coordout.stry. ' . ' . strdist) ;
            str(-y:8:2.stry);
            writeln(concout.strcone) ;
            uriteln(coordout.stry.'.'.strdist);
          end;
        y :=y*yinc;
        if y > (hw+sy) then
           y:=hw+sy;
      end; {while y <=hu)
      dist := dist + distinc;
  end; (while dist <= edist...}
  close(concout);
  close(coordout);
end.
                         A-11  (continued)

-------
 /• GRID.HHL '
 /•
 /• Read; the relative coordinates for a grid of p
 /• front an ASCII file and adds each point- to the coverage
 /• relative from the fixed coordinate representing  the
 /• facility from uhich  the release came.
 /•
 (severity (error (routine problem
 &if [close -all] •- 0 &then &call problem
 '•
, /• Assign file names and open all files to be used
 /•
j &s cooffle - coord!200.out
, Ss coounit " [open XcoofileZ stat -r]
 /•
 /• Loop thru, reading each record from data file, strip out
j /• record type, then urite record to proper rectype  file
! /«
I &s ctr = 1
, &s rec •= [read XcoounitK eof]
 coo key relative
 &do &unti1 XeofX - 102
     &s dx - [before XrecJS ',']
     &s dy - [after XrecJT',']
     &s dx - [trim XdxX]
     &s dy = [trim %dy%]
 add
 2 x> 608638 4741068
 1 XdxX XdyX
 900
     &s rec = [read StcoounttX eof]
     &s ctr - XctrX * 1
| Send /• &do {.until «eof% • 102
'. save
. &c ctr • JSctriC - 1
1 &type Total records read from original file uas Xcir^.
 /•
i/* Close all files and  end if no problems so far
1 '•
'&if [close Xcoounitfc] **• 0 &then &call problem
I coo mouse
j &return
.{•routine problem
!&if [close JicoounitX] *- 0 &then &type problem closing '/.coof \ ]e'/.
i coo mouse
 &returni Sreturn &error Bailing out of GRID.ami due  to error...
                          A-12

-------
DBTAFILE NAME: DECSEHO.PAT
  38 ITEMSi STARTING IN POSITION
9/
COL
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
48
88
113
128
133
163
173
177
202
209
219
226
232
238
244
250
252
253
261
265
289
327
331
335
339
343
358

253
253
253
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERinETER
DECSEMO*
DECSEMO-ID
DECQUADStt
DECQUflDS-ID
DECCDtt
DECCO-ID
OECtt
DEC-ID
KEY
FNAME
STREET
CITY
ZIP
CONTACT
PHONE
SIC
RCU STREAM
POTU_SPDES
OIRFflCIL
SPDES
LAT
LON
TRILAT
TRILON
SUIS
SCARRY
HUC
CD
OUADNAME
COUNTY
NYRRft
DISTANCE
NYSEMOtt
NYSEMO-ID
RNAME
REGION
» REDEFINED
HUC>2
HUO4
HUC»6
UOTH
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
40
25
15
5
30
10
4
25
7
10
7
6
6
6
6
2
1
8
4
24
38
4
4
4
4
15
15
ITEMS ••
2
4
6
OPUT
12
12
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
40
25
15
5
30
10
4
25
7
10
7
6
6
6
6
2
1
8
5
24
30
5
12
5
5
15
15

2
4
6
TYP
F
F
B
B
G
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
I
Ei
C
C
B
F
B
B
C
C

I
I
I
N.DEC
3
3
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
3
_
-
_
-

-
.
-
                                            ALTERNATE NflflE
                                            LAB
               B-1

-------
              DATAFILE NAMEi AQUIFERS.PAT                                 	  8/
                 6 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION    1
              COL  ITEM NAME         UDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
B-2
B-3
1
5
9
13
17
23
UH 1 Hr
23
COL
1
5
9
13
17
24
64
8?
104
109
139
149
153
178
IBS
195
202
208
214
220
226
228
229

229
229
•>•>»
18
COL
1
8
17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
89
97
105
113
121
129
133
AREA 4 12 F 3
PERIMETER 4 12 F 3
AQUIFERS* 4 58-
AQUIFERS-ID 4 5 B
niNORl 6 61
TYPE 5 5 C
ILL Nhllk." ULL • f H f
ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION 1
ITEM NAME . UDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
ARE* 4 12 F 3
PERIMETER 4 12 F 3
DECtt 4 5 B -
DEC-ID 4 58
KEY 7 7 C
NAME 40 40 C
STREET 25 25 C
CITY 15 15 C -
ZIP 5 5 C
CONTACT 30 30 C
PHONE 10 10 C
SIC 4 4 C
RCU STREAM 25 25 C
POTU SPDES 7 7 C
AIRFACIL 10 10 C r
SPDES 7 7 C
LAT 6 6 C -
LON 6 6 C
TRILAT 6 6 C
TRILON 6 6 C
SUIS 2 2 C
SCARRY 1 1 C -
HUC 8 81
"• REDEFINED ITEMS ••
HUC«2 2 21
HUC'4 441
MMfl* A X t
ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION 1
ITEM NAME UOTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
KEY 7 7 C
CAS 9 9 C
FUGITIVE 88
STACK 88
SURFACEUATER1 88
SURFACEUATER2 88
SURFACEURTER3 88
UNDERGROUND 88
LAND1 8-8
LAND2 88
LAND3 88
0554 88
POTU1 88
POTU2 88
POTU3 88
POTU4 88
DEC-ID 44
AIRTOTAL 88
                                                                                  8/3

-------
B-5
B-6
              OHI'AHLE MADE i CAS. PAT
                21 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION
                                                                    8/5
COL
1
61
70
79
82
86
91
96
101
106
111
116
121
126
131
132
133
134
135
136
1 17
ITEM NAME
CHEMNAME
CAS
CASRN
LIST
TPO
RQACUTE
CTX
INHAL
ORAL
ROPC
RISK
ROAQTX
UQACUTE
UQCTX
TOTACUTE
TOTCANCER
ANYHICH
R5CARC
R5CAR ORHI
ANYDATA
NVOEC
UOTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
60 60 C
9
9
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9 C
9 I
3 C
4 C
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
              UHlAFILb NHME' UU ICHHLKll.
                14 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION
              .COL- ITEM NAME
                                    1
                                                                    8/31
   1  AREA
   5  PERIMETER
   9  DUTCHALRMtt
  13  OUTCHALRM-IO
  17  SBL
  31  SCH
  33  OUNER
 154  ADOR
 183  DESC
 199  CLS
 202  NOUALUE
 214  AGO
 216  FIXEAST
 223  FIXNORTH
UOTH OPUT TYP N.OEC  ALTERNATE NAME
                3
                3
4
4
4
4
14
2
121
29
16
3
12
2
7
7
12
12
5
5
14
2
121
29
16
3
12
2
7
7
r
F
B
G
I
C
C
C
C
I
C
C


B-7
B-8
19
25
21
28
1 7

XI
X2
Yl
Y2
TOIJN

2
3
2
3
•>

2
3
2
3
•>

-
-
-
-
r

                 5 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION     1
              COL  ITEM NAME         UOTH OPUT TYP N.OEC
                                                                                   8/31
   1  AREA
   5  PERIMETER
   9  HUC028
  13  HUC02-IO
  17  huC
     ••  REDEFINED ITEMS
  17  HUC<2
  17  HUC<4
  17  H"r"
OfllHULt NHDC' NYSnO.PHT
   4
   4
   4
   4
   8
   • •
   2
   4
12
12
 5
 5
 8

 2
 4
F
F
B
B
I

I
I
                                                          ALTERNATE  NAME
                                                                                   8/31,

-------



B-8 (cont)






B-9






B-10





B-11





5 ITEMS' STORTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 flREfl
5 PERIMETER
9 NYSADtt
13 NYSRD-ID
1 7 on
DATflFILE NAME' NYSCD.
5 ITEMS' STftRTING
COL I TEH NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 NYSCDft
13 NYSCD-ID
17 rn
DATHKILE NfUIE' MYSSO.
5 ITEMS' STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA <
5 PERIMETER
9 NYSSDtf
13 NYSSD-ID
17 cn
DATAFILE NAME' NYCNTY
& ITEMS' STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 HYCNTtH
13 NtrCNTY-ID
17 SUIS
19 NAME
IN POSITION 1
MDTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 5 B
d * e*
PAT
IN POSITION 1
UOTH OPUT TVP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 58
4 «> P.
t-'H r
IN POSITION 1
UDTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 SB
/I c- C<
.PflT
IN POSITION 1
UOTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 58
4 5 B
2 2 I
15 IS C

DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-


DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-


DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
_


DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
-






8/3I/






' B/31/






8/31/








•• REDEFINED ITEMS ••




B-12





17 rwrvrnnr
DfllHFlLE Nrtn£« NYflUNl
6 ITEMS' STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 NYtlUNI*
13 NYMUNI-ID
17 LABEL
31 SUIS
? 7 T
. PH r
IN POSITION 1
UOTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 56
4 SB
14 14 C
6 61
-


DEC ALTERNATE NAtlE
3
3
-
-
-
-

B/31/








•• REDEFINED ITEMS ••



31 CNTYCODE
33 TOUNCODE
ar mi i rnnr
2 2 I
2 2 I
•> •> I
-
-
-
OATAFILE NAME' NYSEnD.PAT

B-13






6 ITEMS s STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
P NYSEMC*
13 NYSEMO-ID
1 7 RNAME
^9 RTCinN
IN POSITION 1
UDTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 5 E
15 15 C
i f, \*> r

DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
-



8/31X








B-14
UHTHt-lLt. NHPIt ! NTKK.HHI
  32 ITEMS' STARTING  IN POSITION     1
COL  ITEM NAME         UDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
   1  FNOOEtt              4    S  B
                                                                                  B/31/:
                                                         ALTERNATE NAME

-------
 B-H» (cont)
B-15
B-16
5
9
1?
17
It) 21
25
29
37
40
44
55
56
57
58
59
60
64
66
68
69
73
77
78
83
84
114
125
155
166
174
177
TNODEtt
LPOLVtt
RPOLYtt
LENGTH
NYRRtt
NYRR-ID
HUC
SEC
niLEPT
SEQHO
RFLAG
OUFLAG
TFLfi'G
SFLAG
TYPE
SEGL
LEU
J
K
PHILE
ARBSUM
USDIR
TERHID
TRMBLU
PNAME
PNHCD
OUNADE
OUNnCD
DSHUC
DSSEG
DSHLPT
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
3
4
11





4
2
2
1
4
4
1
5
1
30
11
30
11
8
3
4
5
5
5
12
5
5
8
3
5
11
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
1
8
8
1
5
1
30
11
30
11
8
3
5
B
8
B
F
B
B
I
I
F
I
C
C
C
C
C
F
I
I
I
F
F
C
I
I
C
C
C
C


F
.
-
_
3

-
-
-
2
-
-
_
_
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
•• REDEFINED ITEMS ••
29
29
29
29
1 4 A
UA f Hf
6
COL
1
5
9
13
17
41
9
COL
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
so
HUC = 2
HUC«4
HUC 16
RR
ncptt
1LE NHME > NYQUAOS.
ITEHS' STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
NYQUADStt
NYOUAOS-ID
NAME
COUNTY
ITEMS' STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
FNODEtt
TNOOEtt
LPOLYtt
RPOLY*
LENGTH
ROADStt
ROADS-ID
LUUt
SIJTC;
2
4
6
11
i i
PflT
2
4
6
11
t 1

POSITION
UDTH
4
4
4
4
24
^8
OPUT
12
12
5
5
24
*B
POSITION
UOTH
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
/
OPUT
5
' "5
5
5
12
5
5
1
t




T

1
TYP N.
F
F
B
B
C
r
i
TYP N.
B
B
B
B
F
B
B
I
t
-
-
-
-
-


DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
1 PRF.I

DEC ALTERNATE NAME
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-

                                                                                  8/31
                                                                                  8/31
              UHIHMLL NUDE" THXSE.L" f 1 UMS . PA F
                 4  ITEMS: STARTING  IN POSITION
8/31
B-17

-------


B-17





B-18







B-19


























B-20














COL
1
(cont) 5
9
1 1
OflTHK
5
COL
1
5
9
13
1 7
OftTAF
24
COL
1
5
9
13
17
18
19
27
31
37
39
40
100
160
18?
210
212
221
266
276
283
290
302
*A7
145
COL
1
2
3
' IB
26
35
105
106
176
246
248
250
252
254
256
258
260
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
TAXSECTIONStt
T«y«;FrTinN<;-Tn
ILE NAME « TEMPLATE
ITEMSi STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
TEMPLATE*
TEMPLATE-ID
C| TCP
ILE NHME « FRI.PAT
ITEMS' STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
TRItt
TRI-IO
RECTYPE
FILL1
TAPE. DATE
REPORT. YEAR
LASTREU.DATE
EPA. REGION
COVERED. FAC
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
COUNTY
STATE
ZIP
PUB. CONTACT
PUB. CONTACT. PHON
LAT
LONG
UIC.IDNUM
PARENT. NAME
POPFNT ngNIIM
ITEMSi STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
RECTYPE
FILL2
SUBNUM
TAPE. DATE
CASNUM
SUBSTANCE. NAME
TRADE. SECRET
GENERIC. CHEMNAME
MIX.COMP.ID
MAN. USES. 1
MAN. USES. 2
MAN. USES. 3
MAN. USES. 4
MAN. USES. 5
MAN. USES. 6
PROC.USES.l
PROC.USES.2
UOTH
4
4
4
A
. PAT
OPUT
12
12
5
>;

POSITION
UDTH
4
4
4
4
7

OPUT
12
12
5
5
*

POSITION
UDTH
4
4
4
4
1
1
8
4
6
2
1
60
60
25
25
2
9
45
10
7
7
12
45
o
OPUT
12
12
5
5
1
1
8
4
6
2
1
60
60
25
25
2
9
45
10
7
7
12
45
o
POSITION
UDTH
1
1
15
8
9
70
1
70
70
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
OPUT
1
1
15
8
9
70
1
70-
70
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
TYP N
F
F
B
p.

1
TYP N
F
F
B
B
r

1
TYP N
F
F
B
B
I
C
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
r
1
TYP N
I
C
C
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-


.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-


.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8/31/1
8/31/1
8/31/1

-------
»-*W«H*^MBa*BKBA»«i
262
264
266
268
270
272"
274
276
B-20 (cont) 2B9
302
308
311
313
318
325
332
359
363
364
368
372
376
380
384
388
392
396
400
404
413
422
431
440
449
458
467
476
485
494
506
518
530
542
554
566
578
590
602
614
623
632
641
650
659
668
677
686
695
697
699
PROC.USES.3
PROC.USES.4
OTHER. USES. 1
OTHER. USES. 2
OTHER.. US.ES. 3 . .
nnX.fl~MT.ONS I TE
WASTE. niN.noo
UflSTE.niN.CURQTY
UASTE.HIN.PRIOTY
UPSTE.MIN.PERCHG
URSTE.niN.RRTPRO
UASTE.niN.RESRCT
ST&CTY.FIPS
ASSIGNED. LflT
ASSIGNED. LONG
FILL3
TRI-ID
RECSEQ
SIC. CODE. 1
SIC. CODE. 2
SIC. CODE. 3
SIC. CODE. 4
SIC. CODE. 5
SIC. CODE. 6
SIC. CODE. 7
SIC. CODE. 8
SIC. CODE. 9
SIC. CODE. 10
FflC.OS.BNUn. 1
FAC.D&BNUn.2
FAC.DS.BNUn.3
FAC.O&BNUn.4
FflC.DSBNUn.5
FflC.DS.BNUn. 6
FflC.DSBNUn.7
FflC.D&BNUn.B
FflC.DS.BNUn. 9
FflC.D&BNUn. 10
EPA.IONUn.l
EPfl.IDNUn.2
EPA.IONUn.3
EPA. IONUn.4
EPA. IONUH.5
EPA. IONUn.6
EHA.IONUn.7
EPA.IDNUn.B
EPA. IONUn.9
EPA. IDNUn. 10
NPOES.PERNUH. 1
NPDES.PERNUH.2
NPOES.PERNUH.3
NPDES.PERNUn.4
NPDES.PERNUn.5
NPDES.PERNUn.6
NPOES.PERNUn.7
NPDES PFRNljM g
NPDES.PERNUn.9
FILL33
GEN. TREAT. 1
TREAT. METH.l
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
13
13
6
3
2
5
7
7
27
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
?
9
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
. 2
2
2
13
13
6
3
2
5
7
7
27
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
9
9.
9
9
9
9
9
?
9
2
2
3
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
I
I
I
I
C
C
C
C
C
I
I
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-

-------
702  INF.CON.1           2    2  C
704  SEQ.TREAT.1         2    2  C
706  TREAT.EFF.l         6    6  I
712  TREAT.BASIS.1       2    2  C
714  FILLER11            6    6  C
72°  GEN.TREAT.2         2    2  C
?22  TREflTinETHi2        3    3  c
725  INF.CON.2           2    2  C
727  SEQ.TREAT.2         2    2  C
729  TREAT.EFF.2         6    6  I
735  TREAT.BASIS.2       2    2  C
737  FILLER12            6    6  C
743  GEN.TREAT.3         2    2  C
745  TREAT.METH.3        3    3  C
748  INF.CON.3           2    2  C
750  SEP.TREAT.3         2    2  C
752  TREAT.EFF.3         6    6  I
758  TREAT.BASIS.3       2    2  C
760  FILLER13            6    6  C
766  GEN.TREAT.4         2    2  C
768  TREAT.flETH.4        3    3  C
771  INF.CON.4           2    2  C
773  SEQ.TREAT.4         2    2  C
775  TREAT.EFF.4         6    6  I
781  TREAT.BASIS.4       2    2  C
783  FILLER14            6    6  C
78?  GEN.TREAT.5         2    2  C
791  TREAT.HETH.5        3    3  C
794  INF.CON.5           2    2  C
796  SEQ.TREAT.5         2    2  C
798  TREAT.EFF.5         6    6  I
804  TREAT.BASIS.5       2    2  C
806  FILLER15            6    6  C
812  GEN.TREAT.6         2    2  C
814  TREAT.METH.6        3    3  C
817  INF.CON.6           2    2  C
819  SEQ.TREAT.6         2    2  C
821  TREAT.EFF.6         6    6  I
827  TREAT.BASIS.6       2    2  C
829  FILLER16            6    6  C
835  GEN.TREAT.7         2    2  C
837  TREAT.nETH.7        3    3  C
840  INF.CON.7           2    2  C
842  SEQ.TREAT.7         2    2  C
844  TREAT.EFF.7         6    6  I
850  TREAT.BASIS.7       2    2  C
852  FILLER17            6    6  C
858  GEN.TREAT.8         2    2  C
860  TREAT.METH.B        3    3  C
863  INF.CON.8           2    2  C
865  SEQ.TREAT.8         2    2  C
867  TREAT.EFF.8         6    6  I
873  TREAT.BASIS.8       2    2  C
875  FILLER18            6    6  C
881  GEN.TREAT.9         2    2  C
883  TREAT.METH.9        3    3  C
886  INF.CON.9           2    2  C
888  SEQ.TREAT.9         2    2  C
890  TREAT.EFF.9         6    6  I
896  TREAT.BASIS.9       2    2  C

-------
B-20 (cont)
B-21
898
904
906
909
911
) 913
919
971
DA TAP
9
COL
1
2
3
18
26
221
234
236
359
FILLER19
GEN. TREAT. 10
TREAT. nETH. 10
INF. CON. 10
SEQ. TREAT. 10
TREAT. EFF. 10
TREAT. BASIS. 10
FTLLER70
ILE NAME • RI4.PAT
ITEMS • STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
RECTYPE
REL.TYPE
SUBNUn
TAPE. DATE
FILLER1
NONPT. AIR. TOTAL
NONPT. AIR. BASIS
FILLER2
TRI-IO
6
2
3
2
2
6
2
109

6
2
3
2
2
6
2
109

C
c
C
c
c
I
c
r

POSITION
UOTH
1
1
15
8
195
13
2
123
4
•• REDEFINED ITEMS •
221
234
221
234
239
269
221
234
221
234
236
38
98
158
183
208
210
221
234
26
38
98
158
183
208
210
219
221
234
236

PT. AIR. TOTAL
PT. AIR. BASIS
UATER. TOTAL
WATER. BASIS
UATER. RCUSTREAM
UATER. PERSTORM
GROUND. TOTAL
GROUND. BASIS
LAND. TOTAL
LAND. BASIS
LAND.DISP
POTU.NftnE
POTU. ADDRESS
POTU. COUNTY
POTU. CITY
POTU. STATE
POTU. ZIP
POTU. TOTAL
POTU. BASIS
OLOC.EPAID
OLOC. NAME
OLOC. ADDRESS
OLOC. COUNTY
OLOC. CITY
OLOC. STATE
OLOC.2IP
OLOC. CONTROL
OLOC. TOTAL
OLOC. BASIS
OLOC. TREAT
1
13
2
13
2
30
6
13
2
13
2
3
60
60
25
25
2
9
13
2
12
60
60
25
25
2
9
2
13
2
3

OPUT
1
1
15
8
195
13
2
123
4
*
13
2
13
2
30
12
13
2
13
2
3
60
60
25
25
2
9
13
2
12
60
60
25
25
2
9
2
13
2
3

TYP
I
I
C
0
C
c
c
c
I

c
c
c
c
c
F
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c






c
c
c
c

-

1
N.OEC ALTERNATE NAnE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

                                                                            8/3

-------
          DATAFILE NAME: RECEPTOR.PAT                                         I/ 8/19!
             4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION    1
          COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPOT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
             1  AREA                8   18  F    5
             9  PERIMETER           8   18  F    5
B-22        17  RECEPTOR*           4    SB
            21  RECEPTOR-ID         4    5  B

          ENTER COMMAND >
          DATAFILE NAME: SOURCE.PAT                                           I/ 8/199
             4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION    1
          COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
                                                 3
                                                 3
B-23
1
5
9
13

13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
AREA
PERIMETER
SOURCE*
SOURCE-ID
** REDEFINED ITEMS
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
Sll
4
4
4
4
**
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
12
12
5
5

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
F
F
B
B

B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
                                                      ID
          ENTER COMMAND >

-------
          DATAFILE NAME:  NOTABLE                                             I/ 8/199
          .  87 ITEMS:  STARTING IN POSITION    1
          COL  ITEM NAME          WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
             1  ID                  4    5  B    -
             5  SI                  8    8  N    6
            13  S2                  8    8  N    6
B-2l»        21  S3                  8    8  N    6
            29  S4                  8    8  N    6
            37  S5                  8    8  N    6
            45  S6                  8    8  N    6
            53  S101                8    8  N    6
            61  S102                8    8  N    6
            69  S103                8    8  N    6
            77  S104                8    8  N    6
            85  S105                8    8  N    6
            93  S106                8    8  N    6
           101  S107                8    8  N    6
           109  S108                8    8  N    6
           117  S109                8    8  N    6
           125  S110                8    8  N    6
           133  Sill                8    8  N    6
           141  S112                8    8  N    6
           149  S113                8    8  N    6
           157  S114                8    8  N    6
           165  S115                8    8  N    6
           173  S116                8    8  N    6
           181  S117                8    8  N    6
           189  S118                8    8  N    6
           197  S119                8    8  N    6
           205  S120                8    8  N    6
           213  S121                8    8  N    6
           221  S201                8    8  N    6
           229  S202                8    8  N    6
           237  S203                8    8  N    6
           245  S601                8    8  N    6
           253  S602                8    8  N    6
           261  S603                8    8  N    6
           269  S604                8    8  N    6
           277  S605                8    8  N    6
           285  S606                8    8  N    6
           293  S607                8    8  N    6
           301  S608                8    8  N    6
           309  S609                8    8  N    6
           317  S610                8    8  N    6
           325  S611                8    8  N    6
           333  S612                8    8  N    6
           341  S613                8    8  N    6
           349  S614                8    8  N -   6
           357  S615                8    8  N    6
           365  S616                8    8  N    6
           373  S702                8    8  N    6
           381  S801                8    8  N    6
           389  S1001                8    8  N    6
           327  S1CG2                8    8  N    6
           405  S1003                8    8  N    6
           413  S1004                8    8  N    6
           421  S1005                8    8  N    6
           429  S1006                8    8  N    6
           437  S1007                8    8  N    6

-------
        445  S1008               8    8  N    6
        453  S1009               8    8  N    6
        461  S1010               8    8  N    6
        469  S1101               8    8  N    6
        477  S1102               8    8  N    6
        485  S1103               8    8  N    6
,     *  493  S1104               8    8  N    6
icontj  501  siios               8    8  N    6
        509  S1106               8    8  N    6
        517  S1107               8    8  N    6
        525  S1108               8    8  N    6
        533  S1201               8    8  N    6
        541  S1202               8    8  N    6
        549  S1203               8    8  N    6
        557  S1204               8    B  N    6
        565  S1205               8    8  N    6
        573  S1206               8    8  N    6
        581  S1207               8    8  N    6
        589  S1208               8    8  N    6
        597  S1501               8    8  N    6
        605  S1502               8    8  N    6
        613  S1503               8    8  N    6
        621  S1504               8    8  N    6
        629  S1505               8    8  N    6
        637  S1506               8    8  N    6
        645  S1701               8    8  N    6
        653  S1702               8    8  N    6
        661  S1703               8    8  N    6
        669  S1704               8    8  N    6
        677  S1705               8    8  N    6
        685  S1707               8    8  N    6

       ENTER COMMAND  >

-------
          DATAFILE NAME: PBTABLE                                              I/ 8/19S
            87 ITEMS: STARTING  IN POSITION     1
          COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
             1  ID                   4     5  B    -
             5  SI                  16    16  N    6
B-25        21  S2                  16    16  N    6
            37  S3                  16    16  N    6
            53  S4                  16    16  N    6
            69  S5                  16    16  N    6
            85  S6                  16    16  N    6
           101  S101                16    16  N    6
           117  S102                16    16  N    6
           133  S103                16    16  N    6
           149  S104                16    16  N    6
           165  S105                16    16  N    6
           181  S106                16    16  N    6
           197  S107                16    16  N    6
           213  S108                16    16  N    6
           229  S109                16    16  N    6
           245  S110                16    16  N    6
           261  Sill                16    16  N    6
           277  S112                16    16  N    6
           293  S113                16    16  N    6
           309  S114                16    16  N    6
           325  S115                16    16  N    6
           341  S116                16    16  N    6
           357  S117                16    16  N    6
           373  S118                16    16  N    6
           389  S119                16    16  N    6
           405  S120                16    16  N    6
           421  S121                16    16  N    6
           437  S201                16    16  N    6
           453  S202                16    16  N    6
           469  S203                16    16  N    6
           485  S601                16    16  N    6
           501  S602                16    16  N    6
           517  S603                16    16  N    6
           533  S604                16    16  N    6
           549  S605                16    16  N    6
           565  S606                16    16  N    6
           581  S607                16    16  N    6
           597  S608                16    16  N    6
           613  S609                16    16  N    6
           629  S610                16    16  N    6
           645  S611                16    16  N    6
           661  S612                16    16  N    6
           677  S613                16    16  N    6
           693  S614                16    16  N  -  6
           709  S615                16    16  N*   6
           725  S616                16    16  N    6
           741  S702                16    16  N    6
           757  S801                16    16  N    6
           773  S1001               16    16  N    6
           789  S1002               16    16  N    £
           805  S1003               16    16  N    6
           821  S1004               16    16  N    6
           837  S1005               16    16  N    6
           853  S1006               16    16  N    6
           869  S1007               16    16  N    6

-------
B-25  (cont)
885
901
917
933
949
965
981
997
1013
1029
1045
1061
1077
1093
1109
1125
1141
1157
1173
1189
1205
1221
1237
1253
1269
1285
1301
1317
1333
1349
1365
S1008
. S1009
S1010
S1101
S1102
S1103
S1104
S1105
S1106
S1107
S1108
S1201
S1202
S1203
S1204
S1205
S1206
S1207
S1208
S1501
S1502
S1503
S1504
S1505
S1506
S1701
S1702
S1703
S1704
S1705
S1707
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
              ENTER COMMAND >

-------
           DATAFILK MAKE: CDTABLE                                              I/ 8/1S
             87 ITEMS:  STARTING IN POSITION    1
           COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
              1  ID                  4    5  B
              5  SI                 16   16  N    6
             21  S2                 16   16  N    6
             37  S3                 16   16  N    6
R-26         53  S4                 16   16  N    6
             69  S5                 16   16  N    6
             85  S6                 16   16  N    6
            101  S101               16   16  N    6
            117  S102               16   16  N    6
            133  S103               16   16  N    6
            149  S104               16   16  N    6
            165  S105               16   16  N    6
            181  S106               16   16  N    6
            197  S107               16   16  N    6
            213  S108               16   16  N    6
            229  S109               16   16  N    6
            245  S110               16   16  N    6
            261  Sill               16   16  N    6
            277  S112               16   16  N    6
            293  S113               16   16  N    6
            309  S114               16   16  N    6
            325  S115               16   16  N    6
            341  S116               16   16  N    6
            357  S117               16   16  N    6
            373  S118               16   16  N    6
            389  S119               16   16  N    6
            405  S120               16   16  N    6
            421  S121               16   16  N    6
            437  S201               16   16  N    6
            453  S202               16   16  N    6
            469  S203               16   16  N    6
            485  S601               16   16  N    6
            501  S602               16   16  N    6
            517  S603               16   16  N    6
            533  S604               16   16  N    6
            549  S605               16   16  N    6
            565  S606               16   16  N    6
            581  S607               16   16  N    6
            597  S608               16   16  N    6
            613  S609               16   16  N    6
            629  S610               16   16  N    6
            645  S611               16   16  N    6
            661  S612               16   16  N    6
            677  S613               16   16  N    6
            693  S614               16   16  N    6
            709  S615               16   16  N    6
            725  S616               16   16  N    6
            741  S702               16   16  N    6
            757  S801               16   16  N    6
            773  S1001               16   16  N    6
            789  S1002               16   16  N    6
            805  S1003               16   16  N    6
            821  S1004               16   16  N    6
            837  S1005               16   16  N    6
            853  S1006               16   16  N    6
            869  S1007               16   16  N    6

-------
          885  S1008
          901  S1009
          917  S1010
          933  S1101
          949  S1102
          965  S1103
          981  S1104
          997  S1105
   , ,    .1013  S1106
B-26(con)io29  sno?
          1045  S1108
          1061  S1201
          1077  S1202
          1093  S1203
          1109  S1204
          1125  S1205
          1141  S1206
          1157  S1207
          1173  S1208
          1189  S1501
          1205  S1502
          1221  S1503
          1237  S1504
          1253  S1505
          1269  S1506
          1285  S1701
          1301  S1702
          1317  S1703
          1333  S1704
          1349  S1705
          1365  S1707
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
          ENTER COMMAND  >

-------
DATAFILE NAME: SCTABLE                                              I/ 8/199
  34 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION    1
COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
   1  ID                  4    5  B         RECEPTOR-ID
   5  PBSCEN1            16   16  N    6
  21  PBSCEN2            16   16  N    6
  37  PBSCEN3            16   16  N    6
  53  PBSCEN4            16   16  N    6
  69  PBSCEN5            16   16  N    6
  85  PBSCEN6            16   16  N    6
 101  PBSCEN7            16   16  N    6
 117  PBSCEN8            16   16  N    6
 133  PBSCEN9            16   16  N    6
 149  PBSCEN10           16   16  N    6
 165  PBSCEN11           16   16  N    6
 181  CDSCEN1            16   16  N    6
 197  CDSCEN2            16   16  N    6
 213  CDSCEN3            16   16  N    6
 229  CDSCEN4            16   16  N    6
 245  CDSCEN5            16   16  N    6
 261  CDSCEN6            16   16  N    6
 277  CDSCEN7            16   16  N    6
 293  CDSCEN8            16   16  N    6
 309  CDSCEN9            16   16  N    6
 325  CDSCEN10           16   16  N    6
 341  CDSCEN11           16   16  N    6
 357  TCSCEN1            16   16  N   12
 373  TCSCEN2            16   16  N   12
 389  TCSCEN3            16   16  N   12
 405  TCSCEN4            16   16  N   12
 421  TCSCEN5            16   16  N   12
 437  TCSCEN6            16   16  N   12
 453  TCSCEN7            16   16  N   12
 469  TCSCEN8            16   16  N   12
 485  TCSCEN9            16   16  N   12
 501  TCSCEN10           16   16  N   12
 517  TCSCEN11           16   16  N   12

ENTER COMMAND >

-------
          DATAFILE NAME:  TCTABLE
            87 ITEMS:  STARTING IN POSITION
          COL  ITEM  NAME         WDTH OPUT
             1  ID                   45
             5  SI                  14   14
            19  S2                  14   14
            33  S3                  14   14
            47  S4                  14   14
            61  S5                  14   14
B-28        75  S6                  14   14
            89  S101               14   14
           103  S102               14   14
           117  S103               14   14
           131  S104               14   14
           145  S105               14   14
           159  S106               14   14
           173  S107               14   14
           187  S108               14   14
           201  S109               14   14
           215  S110               14   14
           229  Sill               14   14
           243  S112               14   14
           257  S113               14   14
           271  S114               14   14
           285  S115               14   14
           299  S116               14   14
           313  S117               14   14
           327  S118               14   14
           341  S119               14   14
           355  S120               14   14
           369  S121               14   14
           383  S201               14   14
           397  S202               14   14
           411  S203               14   14
           425  S601               14   14
           439  S602               14   14
           453  S603               14   14
           467  S604               14   14
           481  S605               14   14
           495  S606               14   14
           509  S607               14   14
           523  S608               14   14
           537  S609               14   14
           551  S610               14   14
           565  S611               14   14
           579  S612               14   14
           593  S613               14   14
           607  S614               14   14
           621  S615               14   14
           635  S616               14   14
           649  S702               14   14
           663  S801               14   14
           677  S1001               14   14
           691  S1002               14   14
           705  S1003               14   14
           719  S1004               14   14
           733  S1005               14   14
           747  S1006               14   14
           761  S1007               14   14
                                    I/ 8/199
TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE  NAME
 B
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12
 N   12

-------








B-28
(cont)




















775
789
803
817
831
845
859
873
887
901
915
929
943
957
971
985
999
1013
1027
1041
1055
1069
1083
1097
1111
1125
1139
1153
1167
1181
1195
S1008
S1009
S1010
S1101
S1102
S1103
S1104
S1105
S1106
S1107
S1108
S1201
S1202
S1203
S1204
S1205
S1206
S1207
S1208
S1501
S1502
S1503
S1504
S1505
S1506
S1701
S1702
S1703
S1704
S1705
S1707
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
ENTER COMMAND >

-------
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-i»
C-5
C-6
NLLHI 1UM
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TRBLE-IO
DATABASE
ITEH
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
°K 1 <4N 1 £
•RT235.PAT
-INFO
-SUBNUM
-SUBNUM
-ORDERED
Z
-RT2TRI
-TRT.PAT
-INFO
-TRI-IO
-TRI-IO
-LINEAR
3
-RT4TRI
-TRI.PAT
-INFO
-TRI-IO
-TRI-ID
. -LINEAR
4
-CAS
-CAS. PAT
-INFO
-CAS
-CAS
'-LINEAR
1
-SARADEC
-DEC. PAT
-INFO
-DEC-ID
-DEC-ID
-LINEAR
2
-CAS
-CAS. PAT
-INFO
-CAS
-CAS
-LINEAR

-------
References

Burrough, P.A., Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources
Assessment. Claredon Press, Oxford 1986

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Understanding GIS: The ARC/INFO Method. ESRI
1990

Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Handbook of Chemical Hazard Analysis Procedures. Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Publications Office, 500 C Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20472, 1989

Mynar, F. II, and Hammerstrom,  K.A. , Population Estimation for Risk Assessment: A
Comparison of Methods. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental  Monitoring
Systems Laboratory,  Office of Research and Development, Las Vegas, Nevada, August 1990

National Governors' Association, Natural  Resources Policy Studies  Unit, Center for Policy
Research, Emergency Planning and Community Rioht-to-Know Act:  A Stutus of State Actions-
1989.  ISBN  1-55877-051-8  (EPA-CX-814632-01-0) 444  North  Capitol  Street,
Washington, D.C. 20001-1572, 1989

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, AIR GUIDE 26-Guidelines on
Modeling Procedures For Source Impact Analysis. 50 Wolf Road, Albany, New  York 12233-
0001, May 1987

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Management and
Planning and Information Systems Development. Geographic  Data Source Directory. May 1990

New York State Program in Geographic Information and Analysis, Minnowbrook  Workshop
Report. NYSPGIA Planning Grant Working  Paper, 121  Bowne Hall, Syracuse University,
Syracuse, N.Y. 13244, August 31, 1990

Rachko, Andrea, Integration of Surface Modeling. Groundwater Flow Modeling, and Geographic
Information Systems, (unpublished report to New York State Emergency Response
Commission), State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry,
August,  1990

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, A
Dispersion Model for  Elevated Dense Gas Jet Chemical Releases. Vol. II. User's Guide. (EPA-
450/4-88-006b),  Research  Triangle Park  NC 277711,  April 1988

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemicals in Your Community: A Guide to the Emergency
Planning and Community Rioht-to-Know Act. September 1988

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Emergency Management Agency,  U.S. Department
of Transportation, Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis Emergency Planning for Extremely
Hazardous Substances. December 1987

U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, Guideline for Air Quality Models (Revised!.  EPA-450/2

-------
78-027R,  July  1986

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Screening Guide. (Version 1.0) Vol.  1-The Process, Vol. 2-Appendices, EPA
560/2-89-002, Washington, D.C., July 1989

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, 1988 Toxic Release
Inventory. Washington, D.C. 20460

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides Toxic Substances, The Toxics-
Release Inventory: A National  Perspective.  (EPA  560/4-89-005), June 1989

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Toxic Dump User Guide to TOXDUMP1: TRI File
Conversion Software

U.S. Enironmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances Presents Risk Screening
Training: Using the Toxics Release Inventory (TRh Risk Screening Guide

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, TRI CD-ROM User Guide. 1989

Wagner, Curtis P. TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Discussion of Changes to the Industrial
Source Complex flSCl Dispersion Model User's  Guide-Second Edition. EPA 68-02-3886 Task
No. 60, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, December 1987

-------