Integrating the Toxic Release Inventory into
a geographic information system (GIS)
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Executive Summary
The Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI), a database created under Section 313 of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, more commonly known as "Community Right
-to-Know", has provided citizens, industry and government officials with information on the
types and amounts of toxic chemicals which are released each year into the environment. This
information has led to many questions about the impact of these releases. As William Reilly,
Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states: "What and where are
the most serious risks to public health and the environment?" "How many people are affected?"
"How many and what types of ecosystems?"-The Toxics-Release Inventory: A National
Perspective. U.S. EPA, 1989.
In the effort to help answer these questions, the New York State Emergency Response
Commission (SERC) conducted a study, funded by a grant from the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, U.S. EPA, to evaluate the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) in the
management and analysis of the TRI. A system of hardware and software, the GIS provides for
the ability to analyze the spatial relationships of toxic chemical releases relative to a wide
range of environmental, political, and social data, including human populations and other
organisms which may be exposed to toxic substances as a result of these releases. This report
summarizes the findings of this project and is intended to assist states, and other users of the
TRI, who are considering integrating their region's TRI into a GIS.
Part 1 of this report outlines procedures to extract a state's data from the national TRI
database which has been formatted for the National Library of Medicine's "TOXNET" system, and
convert this subset into a GIS database format.* The potentials of the GIS to display the TRI as
well as combine the data through GIS overlay with other GIS databases is discussed.
The latitude/longitude coordinates submitted by facilities on the Section 313 "Form R"
has been used as a means of mapping the data. Many of the coordinates submitted by facilities
have shown to be inaccurate and in need of revision if the TRI is to be managed meaningfully in a
GIS. In this respect, Section 1.5 of the report outlines potentials of the GIS to assist data quality
assurance efforts.
Part 2 of this report demonstrates the ability to use the GIS for "risk screening" the
TRI as outlined in the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide. EPA, 1989. This
allows for the establishment of a qualitative "relative risk" assessment for particular
chemicals, facilities, and geographic areas. The GIS is shown to be capable of assisting in
several of the risk screening processes as outlined by EPA. This includes automated mapping of
facilities which are releasing toxic chemicals which s atisfy certain toxicological potency
conditions; the assembling of facility site-specific data for evaluating plausible pathways of
exposure; and the determination of populations and ecosystems at risk. A GIS based "risk-
screening" system will enable the state to more effectively target future risk assessment
activities.
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Part 3 of this report outlines efforts taken in this project to evaluate the ability to link
two commonly used atmospheric dispersion models to a GIS for use in detailed quantitative risk
assessment analysis of the TRI. The project has demonstrated the ability to convert computer
output from EPA's "Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model (ISCLT)", generated by the New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation in a study of incineration in the New York
City metropolitan region, and data from the "Degadis" dense gas dispersion model, simulating a
SARA Section 304 release of hydrogen chloride gas at the General Electric Co. silicone plant in
Waterford, N.Y., into a GIS. The linkage of output data from these models directly into a GIS
enables the model's estimates of toxic concentrations to be graphically depicted as a map or
block diagram as well as provide for the ability to directly associate toxic concentration levels
to populations and ecosystems potentially at risk.
* The TRI was converted into an ARC/INFO "point coverage", a GIS data format of the
Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) of Redlands, Ca. "ARC/INFO" software
stores geographic information as a digital map (ARC) with an associated relational database file
(INFO).
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Acknowledgments
There were several individuals at a number of New York state agencies who provided
support to this project:
NY State Emergency Management Office (SEMO):
-Mr Joseph Hein, Title III Administrator, provided direction and guidance to the project.
Mr Michael Cayo, Graduate Intern, produced many of the maps in Parts 1 & 2 of this report.
State Parks Management and Research Institute (PMRI):
-Mr Larry Spraker, Director of GIS, provided the technical expertise in geographic
information systems, programming and system analysis on which of much this report is based.
NYS Department off Environmental Conservation (DEC):
-Mr William Miner, New York State SARA Section 313 Contact, provided guidance and was a
valuable source of information on all aspects of Section 313.
-Mr Ed Bennett, Chief, Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorology, provided expertise and
direction in the atmospheric dispersion modeling component of the study (Part 3).
-Mr Leon Sedefian, Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorology, coordinated the "Incineration
2000 Study" which was used in the linkage of the Industrial Source Complex Model to the GIS
-Mr Vito Pagnotti, Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorology, collected information needed in
the Degadis Atmospheric Dispersion Model example (Section 3.3)
-Mr Lawrence Alber, Bureau of Information Systems Development, who coordinated DEC'S
completion the "Incineration 2000 Study" GIS activities in house.
NYS Division of Equalization and Assessment (E&A):
-Mr Tom LaRose, Chief, GIS Unit, provided both technical and administrative support to this and
other GIS efforts of the State Emergency Management Office.
-Mr Peter DuCharme, GIS Analyst, wrote the Arc Macro Language programs (AMLs) linking the
Industrial Source Complex Model output to the GIS (Section 3.2)
-Mr George Hilenbrandt, GIS Analyst, provided technical expertise in linking the Industrial
Source Complex Model output to the GIS (Section 3.2)
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY ESF):
-Dr. Lee Herrington, Professor of Resource Information Management, served as an advisor to
the project.
-Ms. Andrea Rachko, Graduate Student, was responsible for producing the graphics and spatial
representations of the hydrogeologic conditions of the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y. (Section 2.3).
NYS Department of Health, Center for Environmental Health:
-Mr. Jia-Yeong Ku, provided technical expertise in the Degadis Atmospheric Model (Section
3.3).
This project also received assistance from the NYS Legislative Task Force on
Demographic Research and Reapportionment, which supplied the digital coverages of
political boundaries; the NYS Low-Level Radioactive Waste Siting Commission, which
supplied the digital coverage of high yield aquifers; and the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
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Substances, U.S. EPA which funded the project as well as provided support through technical
input, data provision, and draft report review.
Daniel O'Brien
Project Manager
New York State Emergency Mangement Office
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/
Integrating the Toxic Release Inventory into a
Geographic Information System (GIS)
__ __ __ i
v
A
New York State Emergency Response Commission
'\
Lr
/
Donald A. DeVito, Chairman
SERC Working Group
Public Security Building
State Campus
Albany, NfY. 12226-5000
i
/
Final
rt
EPA Xr816274-0l-0
January '1991
>.
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Preface
This report summarizes work performed under a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
grant (EPA X-816274-01-0) to the New York State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)
supporting an effort to evaluate potentials of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to import,
disseminate, and analyze the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) database created under
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
In response to EPA's intent that grant awards support projects which are transferable to
other states and regions, this report documents project activities, including software
commands, procedures and computer programs developed in the project. The GIS software
which has been used is ARC/INFO, currently in use by EPA and several New York state agencies.
Consequently, this report will be of greatest use to users of ARC/INFO, however, principles
documented in this report are capable of being performed with other GIS software packages.
Also, as New York state agency data has been used in various aspects of this project, certain
operations are particular to New York state and will not be transferable to other states.
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Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Executive Summary
PART 1 Integrating the Toxic Release Inventory into a
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Page
1.1 Introduction
A. The Toxic Release Inventory-Background 1
B. The Toxic Release Inventory-Geographic Data 2
C. Use of Spatial Analysis in Evaluating the Impacts of Toxic Releases 2
D. Geographic Information System (GIS) Technology 2
E. Objectives of the Project 3
F. ARC/INFO Database Structure 3
1.2 Converting the TRI into an ARC/INFO Coverage
A. Converting Geographic Data into a Coverage 4
B. TRI Formats Used in this Study 4
C. Database Design: TRI Coverage 5
D. Steps to Integrate the TRI into ARC/INFO 6
1.3 Querying the TRI with a GIS
A. Querying the Map to List the TRI 1 0
B. Querying the TRI to Generate a Map 1 0
C. Displaying the Data as a Block Diagram 1 1
1.4 Integrating the TRI Coverage with other GIS Coverages
A. Overlaying Coverages 1 5
B. Establishing Spatial Relationships through Overlay Analysis 1 5
C. Common Geography: Federal, State, and Local Government 1 6
D. List of Acquired and Developed Coverages 1 7
1.5 Locational Accuracy
A. The Importance of Locational Accuracy 3 7
B. Identifying Points Outside of Boundaries 3 7
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C. Comparison of TRI Coordinates with otherRegulatory Program Coordinates 3 7
D. Coordinate Comparisions with the NYS Assessment Role Levey Module 3 8
E. Automated Map Generation 4 0
1 .6 Conclusion 40
PART 2 Using the GIS in EPA's TRI Risk Screening
Process
2.1 Introduction
A. EPA's Toxic Chemical Release Risk Screening Guide 4 9
B. Important Definitions 50
2.2 Toxicological Potency
A. EPA's Toxicological Potency Indices Database 5 1
B. TRI Coverage Linkage with EPA Toxicological Potency Indices Database 5 2
C. Missing Data 5 2
2.3 Exposure Evaluation
A. Combining Coverages to Compile Facility Site-Specific Data 5 4
B. Generation of Template 5 4
C. "Inner" and "Outer" Zone Referencing 5 4
D. Using the GIS for Population Enumeration 5 8
2.4 Conclusion 59
PART 3 Linking Models with a GIS for Exposure Assessment
3.1 Introduction
A. The Role of Models in Risk Assessment 6 8
B. Models Addressed in this Study 6 8
C. The Limitations of the TRI for Modeling 6 8
3.2 Industrial Source Complex (Long Term) Model-U.S. EPA
A. Background 6 9
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B. Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model (ISCLT)
C. Preliminary Test of ISC-GIS Linkage
D. ISCLT- GIS Linkage: Incineration 2000 Study
69
70
74
3.3 Degadis Dense Gas (Short Term) Model-U.S. Coast Guard
A. Accessing SARA Title III Section 304 "Accidental Release" Data
B. Short Term Release Example: General Electric, Waterford, N.Y.
C. Input Requirements for Running Degadis
D. Description of the Process
E. Result
F. Steps for Linking Degadis Model Output to ARC/INFO
88
88
89
89
89
90
3.4 Conclusion
95
Appendix A: Computer Programs:
No. Name
1 STRIPSTATE.F77.
2 STRIPREC.F77
3 STRIPPTS.AML
4 MAKETEMP.AML
5 MQUERY.AML
6 CALCON.AML
7 CALCSC.AML
8 CONGEN.AML
9 LATGEN.AML
10 TAB.AML
11 conc.pas
12 GRID.AML
Written By
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
P. DuCharme
L. Spraker
L. Spraker
Appendix B: Data files'.
1 DECSEMO.PAT
2 AQUIFERS.PAT
3 DEC.PAT
4 SARADATA.PAT
5 CAS. PAT
6 DUTCHALRM.PAT
7 HUCO2.PAT
8 NYSAD.PAT
9 NYSCD.PAT
10 NYSSD.PAT
1 1 NYCNTY.PAT
12 NYMUNI.PAT
13 NYSEMO.PAT
14 NYRR.AAT
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15 NYQUADS.PAT
16 ROADS.AAT
17 TAXSECTIONS.PAT
18 TEMPLATE.PAT
19 TRI.PAT
20 RT235.PAT
21 RT4.PAT
22 RECEPTORPAT
23 SOURCE.PAT
24 NOTABLE
25 PBTABLE
26 CDTABLE
27 SCTABLE
28 TCTABLE
Appendix C: Database Relationships
1 RT4RT2
2 RT2TRI
3 RT4TRI
4 CAS
5 SARADEC
6 CAS
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PART 1
Integrating the Toxic Release Inventory into a
Geographic Information System (GIS)
1.1 Introduction
A. The Toxic Release Inventory-Background
B. The Toxic Release Inventory-Geographic Data
C. Use of Spatial Analysis in Evaluating the Impacts of Toxic Releases
D. Geographic Information System (GIS) Technology
E. Ojectives of the Project
F. ARC/INFO Database Structure
A. The Toxic Release Inventory-Background
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, also known
as Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), requires the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish an annual inventory toxic chemical
releases originating from a wide range of manufacturing facilities located throughout the U.S.
(over 300 toxic chemicals are reported under Section 313). This database is known as the
"Toxic Chemical Release Inventory" (TRI) with 1987 establishing the first year of data
collection.
The TRI has been created for the primary purpose of informing the "community" of the
releases of toxic substances to the environment. The rationale behind the creation of this
database is the U.S. Congress belief that an informed public can play an important role in
helping communites protect public health and the environment.
Facilities subject to Section 313 reporting are required to complete a Toxic Chemical
Release Form (Form R) which is submitted annually to EPA and to a designated state agency in
which the facility resides. (Note: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(DEC) is the designated recipient of the duplicate copy of the Form R's for New York state
facilities).
The TRI is the first database that the U.S. Congress mandated to be made available to
public through electronic media. EPA has followed this directive by making the TRI available in
a variety of formats: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM); computer diskettes (5 1/4
inch diskette, dBase III and Lotus 1-2-3 formats); comfiche (computer output microfiche);
magnetic tape (9-track, 6250 BPI, ASCII); and through telecommunications via the National
Library of Medicine's "TOXNET" system. EPA has also recently provided "TOXIC DUMP", a PC
software which enables users of TOXNET to screen capture text-formatted data from system
queries and convert them into dBase III formatted files. As the users of the TRI may vary from
individual citizens, to public and private organizations, the best format to acquire the TRI data
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may vary according to computer resources.
B. The Toxic Release Inventory-Geographic Data
The Urban and Regional Information System Association (URISA) has estimated that 80%
of all datasets currently maintained by national, state, and local goverments are geographic data,
that is, the data can be associated to a geographic location. The Toxic Chemical Release Inventory
(TRI) is one example. As geographic data, the TRI is a potential database to be integrated into a
Geographic Information System (GIS), which according to a recent survey by the Council of
State Governments, are now being used by all states in a variety of applications, including
environmental analysis, land use planning, public safety, and economic development.
The growth of GIS over the last several years has led government agencies to undergo an
assessment of their geographic data for potential inclusion into a GIS. The New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation, for instance, has recently completed a Geographic
Data Source Directory (May 1990). in which over 75 geographic data sources, including the
TRI, were identified as having potential GIS applications. This project is intended to assist in
this effort by focusing on specific issues related to TRI integration and applications on a GIS.
C. Use of Spatial Analysis in Evaluating the Impacts of Toxic Releases
Spatial analysis is a major component of the processes which are used to the evaluate the
risks associated with toxic chemical releases. This may include identifying populations located
near facilities which are releasing toxic substances; projecting the concentration levels of toxic
chemicals at locations relative to points of release; identifying exposure pathways such as water
supplies which may be located near releases; determining the chemical transformation at
distances from a release point; or the mixing of substances from neighboring facilities which
are forming more toxic substances in the process.
The current TRI database, as it exists in the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET
system format, can not be easily analyzed in a spatial manner. For instance, one can not make
the association of a reported release to the land from a particular facility to the hydrogeologic
conditions which exist at that site or identify nearby wells which may be contaminated by those
releases. To accomplish this process, one would have to manually locate the facility on any
number of maps, located at different agencies, each having a different map scale.
D. Geographic Information System Technology
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system of hardware and software which is
used to capture, store, analyze and display geographic data. The essence of the technology is the
ability to link geographic data to map features, i.e. property assessment data linked to individual
parcels on a tax map. This ability lets the user query either the map features to see information
from the database or query the database to see the information displayed as a map. The
combination of the computer graphics which form the map in conjunction with the database
which stores information about individual features on the map is referred to as a "coverage".
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Coverages can be combined through overlay, providing for the display and analysis of data from
disparate sources, such as a coverage of water transmission lines overlaid with a soils coverage.
The rapid growth in the use of GIS is based upon the need for the spatial analysis of data.
Until recently, with the development of GIS, computers could not effectively analyze the intra
and inter spatial relationships of data. A proposed route for a new highway, for instance, is not
easily analyzed relative to properties or rare and endangered species that would be affected. The
importance of the GIS's ability to analyze the inter-spatial and intra-spatial relationships of
data is underscored by the fact that most real world systems, such as an ecosystem or even a
transportion system, function through the spatial interactions of its various components.
E. Objectives of the Project
This report describes work performed under a grant from the U.S. EPA, with the
objectives to evaluate the process and the potentials of converting the Toxic Release Inventory
into a GIS coverage; the use of the GIS for data quality assurance; and analysis applications, such
as the combining of the TRI coverage with other data layers.
F. ARC/INFO Database Structure:
This project utilized ARC/INFO, a vector GIS software package produced by
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) of Redlands, Ca. As a "vector" GIS, the
map component of a coverage are stored as points, lines, or polygons, whose locations are
recorded as coordinates in one of many possible map projections, i.e. latitude/longitude (a
"raster'GIS stores a map as a combination of cells on a grid). Depending on the scale of the map,
points may represent a well site; lines a river; and polygons a lake. The "ARC" of ARC/INFO
refers to the map component of the software, with "INFO" the relational database which is linked
to ARC.
The integration of the TRI into a GIS as outlined in this study is essentially the process of
converting the TRI as prepared for the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET system into an
ARC/INFO "point coverage". Section 313 facilities are stored as points with their associated TRI
data stored in INFO.
ARC INFO
< Point Attribute Table (PAT)
< Arc Attribute Table (AAT)
g Polygon Attribute Table(PAT)
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1.2 Steps to Covert the TRI into a ARC/INFO "Coverage"
A. Converting Geographic Data into a Coverage
B. TRI Formats Used in this Study
C. Database Design: TRI Coverage
D. Steps to Integrate the TRI into ARC/INFO
A. Converting the TRI into a Coverage
The initial phase of the project was to determine a method to convert the TRI into an
ARC/INFO "coverage"-a combination of the digital map (ARC) with the attribute data stored in a
relational database (INFO). This process was simplified by the existence of the facility's
latitude/longitude coordinates in the TRI database. This data is submitted as part of the
facility's "Form R" reporting (Page 1, item 3.6). The ARC/INFO software is capable of
"generating" a point coverage from these coordinates. No digitizing was necessary. Each
facility "point" was automatically assigned an internal i.d. which relates a facility's datafiles,
storing the TRI data for each facility (see: Database Design for specifics)
B. TRI Formats Used in this Study
This project evaluated the process of integrating the TRI to a GIS as it originates in two
formats:
1. National Library of Medicine "NLM" Tape FormaM987 reporting year.
This is the original TRI source database as developed for the TOXNET system. It includes
all data from the Form R's for all facilities located throughout the country. This project
developed a method to select out data originating from facilities within a selected state, thereby
enabling a state to integrate to a GIS data from facilities within its own territory as well as data
from facilities in neighboring states which may be impacting the state (see Appendix A-1).
The Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA, is making available this TRI "NLM" tape
format on 9-track tape free of charge (4 tapes written at 6250 B.P.I.) to each EPA region, state
and territory ( Contact: Public Data Branch, Information Management Division (TS-793),
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS), U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460 Tel: (202) 382-3524).
The 1987 TRI, the first year of Section 313 reporting, did not require facilities to enter
latitude/ longitude coordinates on their Form R's. Consequently, this project encoutered
limitations with the 1987 TRI "NLM" tape format for demonstrating GIS applications. This
dataset did, however, suffice for the purpose of evaluating the process of integration from the
"NLM1 tape format. Note: The TRI final rule (February 16, 1988, 40 CFR Part 372) noted the
need for latitude-longitude data for use in GIS, and that firms which had the information
"readily available" for their facilities for the 1987 reporting year where required to submit it.
1987 "NLM" Record Types:
Record Type 1, Facility Identification
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Record Type 2, Substance Identification & Waste Minimization
Record Type 3, SIC Code, D&B Numbers, EPA ID Numbers, NPDES Permit Number
Record Type 4, Release/Transfers: ( Type 1-non-point air; Type 2 -point air; Type 3-Water
Discharges; Type 4-Underground Injections; Type 5-Releases to Land; Type 6-
Publicly Owned Treatment Works; Type 7-Other off-Site Locations)
Record Type 5, Waste Treatment
2. NYS Department of Environmental Conservation's "Condensed 77?/"-1988
reporting year.
The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), the state agency recipient of
the duplicate copy of a facility's TRI "Form R", enters selected fields of information from the
Form R's into what is referred to as their "Condensed TRI Database"
This dataset was integrated into the GIS to demonstrate the ability to accommodate DEC'S
existing TRI data management strategy in addition to a desire to work with the most recent TRI
year; demonstrate a dBase III file integration; and work with a dataset with coordinates available
for all but 34 of 847 Section 313 facitlies. The DEC "Condensed TRI" also contained the
facility's lat/long coordinate which was submitted under the State Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (SPDES is a state delegation of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) program). This enabled a comparision of a facility's lat/long coordinate
submitted under Section 313 of SARA with the facility's SPDES lat/long coordinate (see Section
1.4 "Using the GIS for Locational Accuracy"). Note: A SPDES lat/long are the coordinates of a
facility's discharge pipe location(s).
An initial obstacle in working with the NY DEC 1988 "Condensed TRI" was, although
Section 313 facilities were required to enter latitude/longitude on the 1988 "Form R", this was
not one of the information fields which DEC entered in the "Condensed TRI" database. To
overcome this obstacle, a work task of this project was to add this information from the "Form
R's" in storage at DEC, to the 1988 "Condensed TRI".
C. Database Design: TRI Coverage
An initial obstacle that had to be overcome in converting the TRI into an ARC/INFO
coverage was the inability of the INFO relational database of performing a "one-to-many"
relationship in which separate but related databases are queried. This capability was needed as
TRI data includes a "one-to-many" relationship between a facility (one) and its release data
(many). For instance, a facility may release multiple chemicals, and each chemical may be
released to more than one medium (One Form R contains information on only a single chemical).
It is therefore necessary to store release information in a separate database from the general
facility information.
To overcome this obstacle, an Arc Macro Language program (AML) was written by Larry
Spraker, State Parks Management & Research Institute, which enables INFO to perform a "one-
to-many" relationship (see: "MQUERY.AML", Appendix A-5).' (The Environmental Systems
Research Institute will be rectifying this limitation of INFO in ARC/INFO release version 5.1,
until which time MQUERY can be used to bridge this problem). MQUERY.AML enables the user of
the TRI to query the release database, i.e. identify all surface water releases, and then associate
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this information to the facility database to find which facilities are releasing toxins into surface
waters.
The database design of the DEC "Condensed TRI" coverage (Figure 1.2) includes:
1. "Points" as the coverage map or graphic feature (ARC);
2. DEC.PAT, an INFO database of facility information ("point attribute table "PAT") linked by
internal i.d.'s to those points;
3. SARADATA.PAT, an INFO database of release information which is linked to the facility
information database via relation "SARADEC" (Appendix C-5).
The NLM tape format TRI coverage includes:
1. "Points" as the map feature (ARC)
2. TRI.PAT (facility information -1987 NLM Tape Format Record Typesl) linked by internal
i.d.'s to those points;
3. RT235.PAT (other information -NLM Record Types 2,3,5.) related to TRI.PAT through
RELATION: RT2TRI (Appendix C-2)
3. RT4.PAT (release information -Record Type 4) related to TRI.PAT through RELATION:
RT4TRI (Appendix C-3) and related to RT235.PAT through RELATION: RT4RT2 (Appendix C-1)
NOTE: There have been changes made in the 1988 NLM tape format's "Record Types" of which
the reader must be aware if using the steps outlined in this report as a guide:
1988 "NLM" Record Types:
Record Type 1, General Facility Data
Record Type 2, Chemical, Maximum Amount, Waste Minimization Data
Record Type 3, Manufacture, Process, Otherwise Use Data
Record Type 4, DUNS, EPA ID, NPDES Permit Data
Record Type 5, SIC Code Data
Record Type 6, Release and Transfer Data
Record Type 7, Summation of Release and Transfer Data
Record Type 8, Waste Treatment Data
D. Steps to Integrate the "NLM" Tape Format TRI into ARC/INFO:
1. Copy NLM database files to disk
2. Strip the desired state data from the national TRI data. See program "STRIPSTATE.F77"
(Appendix A-1) . This isolates an individual state's data from the national database.
3. Strip NLM Record Types into separate ASCII files: RT1, RT2, RT3, RT4, RT5. See Fortran
program "STRIPREC.F77" (Appendix A-2). This isolates the individual NLM Record Types so
that they can be combined or entered individually into "INFO" files.
4. Define 5 "INFO" files to hold RT1, RT2, RT3, RT4, RT5
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5. Pull ASCII files into empty "INFO" files (ARC/INFO "GET" command)
6. Create a "Generate" format file from the INFO file using the items: User I.D and Lat/Long
coordinates. This establishes a file for the software to create a coverage of points from the
lat/long coordinates (Step 7).
7. Run ARC/INFO "GENERATE" to create a point coverage with a "Point Attribute Table" (.PAT)
called TRI.PAT . Each TRI point in ARC will relate to the TRI.PAT (INFO) through a User I.D.
(Note: RT1 will become the "Point Attribute Table (.PAT)" for TRI.PAT)
8. Strip out multiple points for each facility with "STRIPPTS.AML" (Appendix A-3) Multiple
points are a result of database entry of Page 1of the Form R's (facility information) for each
reported release. "STRIPPTS.AML" writes duplicate points USER ID'S to an ASCII file
(IDASC.TRI).
9. Pull IDASC.TRI into an INFO table (ADD command) to hold the User ID'S of points which were
deleted: IDCHANGE.TRI
10. Use ARC/INFO "RELATE" command: RT1 .PAT to IDCHANGE.TRI. Then select and delete
records from RT1.PAT based on the records in IDCHANGE.TRI. This leaves one record for each
facility.
11. ARC/INFO command "JOINITEM" RT2.PAT with RT3.PAT, RT5.PAT
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oo
New York State
Shell Boundary
IT! TRI Points
* - Il
Scale 1:2,632.057
Figure 1.1 This map was produced by the CIS software generating
a "point coverage" from lat/long coordinates which
were submitted by facilities on Section 313 "Form R's"
9/6/90
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TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY CIS COVERAGE DATABASE DESIGN
One-to-many and many-to-one queries enabled by "MQUERY.AML1
1. Relation: SARADEC
2. Relation: CAS
One record
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per facility
IN POSITION 1
UDTH OPUT TYP N.OEC
4 12
4 12
4 5
4 5
7 7
40 40
21 25
If 19
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10 10
4 4
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Many records per facility (releases) One record per chemical (potency)
UHIMMLL NAnfci bMNMUATM . f M
IS ITEMS! STARTING IH PO
COL ITEM NAME HOT
1 KEY
0 CAS
17 FUGITIVE
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21 ITEHSt STARTING IN PO
n CDL ITEM NAME UOTI
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86 ROACUTE
VI CTX
»« INHAL
101 ORAL
104 ROPC
111 RISK
116 ROAOTX
121 HQACUTE
124 NDCTX
131 TOTRCUTE
132 TOTCANCER
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134 R5CAKC
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134 ANYOATA
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-
v
(See Section 2.2 "Toxicological
Potency")
Figure 1.2
-------
1.3 Querying the TRI with a GIS
A. Querying the Map to List the TRI
B. Querying the TRI to Generate a Map
C. Displaying the Data as a Block Diagram
A. Querying the Map to List the TRI
At times one will wish to list TRI data from a query of the map, such as a listing of
releases occuring from a cluster of facilities. This process is again performed by the MQUERY
command utilizing the "list" option. An example of the syntax is as follows:
arcplot: mquery dec point saradata list
arcplot: reselect dec point box *
(User would then use mouse to box in facility points from the map for which a listing of data is
desired. List will appear in window)
To list information from both the general facility database (DEC.PAT, TRI.PAT) as well
as from the release database (SARADATA.PAT, RT4.PAT) the relationship which links the
databases must be stated in the syntax as well as the items one wishes to see listed. Example
lists name of facilities identified in box as well as chemical CAS and amount released from
stacks:
arcplot: mquery dec point saradata list name, saradec//stack, saradec//cas
arcplot: reselect dec point box *
B. Querying the TRI to Generate a Map
A power of a GIS is the ability to query from either the map (ARC) to display data from
the relational database (INFO) or to query the relational database to have that information
displayed as a map. For example, figures 1.3 &1.4 are queries of the TRI for all facilities
which have released a particular toxic substance (ethylene glycol and chlorine) displayed by a
map.
This process is performed by using the MQUERY command developed in this project. The
command syntax is as follows: (example generates map of facilities which have released more
than 1000 Ibs. of clhorine from a stack (CAS 007782505)
arcplot: mquery dec point saradata draw
arcplot: reselect saradata point stack > 1000
arcplot: reselect saradata point cas = '007782505'
arcplot: (carraige return)
Continue with mquery?: y
NOTE: ARC/INFO "reselect" command shown above selects a subset of the currently selected set
of records that matches a logical expression. Example selects a subset of the TRI from the
10
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release database "saradata" of point release poundage greater than 1000 Ibs. ( arcplot command
"reselect saradata point stack > 1000"). This is followed by the formation of an additional
subset of this currently selected set of records of those releases which are chlorine (reselect
saradata point cas = '007782505'). These records from "saradata" are now display as a map
by typing "y" (yes) to prompt: Continue with mquery ?) This operation is performed through
the linkage of the "saradata" database records to the facility database "dec" facility record which
in turn is linked to a coordinate point in the ARC point coverage.
C. Displaying the Data as a Block Diagram
The block diagram in Figure 1.5 provides a three-dimensional view of the TRI data with
the release poundage values displayed as a surface over the state. This format may be an
effective way to disseminate the data as it provides a means of displaying the geographic
distribution of TRI release amounts in an easily interpreted graphic format.
The "TIN" subsystem of ARC/INFO, which stands for "triangular irregular network", can
be used to generate block diagrams of the TRI. TIN enables the analysis of point data having an x
and y value (i.e. lat/long coordinates) as well a "z" value, which is often an elevation value,
such as with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data produced by the U.S. Geological Survey. For
applications in this project, the TIN points "z" values are handled as the release poundage value
of a TRI facility (Figure 1.5) and in Part 3 of this report, concentration values of a toxic
substance at locations relative to sources.
A problem arises when using TIN or any other surface modeling software for displaying
the TRI in that the accuracy of a software generated three-dimensional surface is directly
proportional to the number and distribution of sample points. As the software interprets values
between sample points, territory between two facilities is interpreted as a sloping ridge
connecting these two values, rather than two isolated peaks as shown in Figure 1.5. To get
around this problem the following steps are taken:
1. ARC/INFO point "buffer" command TRI facilities 10 miles (or other value)
2. Assign "0" as the z value to buffer circle arcs. This creates a peak for each facility unless
another facility falls within this buffer resulting in a range with peaks.
3. Use arcedit to manually add sample points to this coverage in areas outside of buffered area.
Assign a "0" as the z value for these points. This densifies the number of sample points such
that the area between facilities remains flat.
11
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1987 New York State
TRI Facilities
Releasing Ethylene Glycol
[7] TRI Facilities
Figure 1.3 The GIS can be used to display information from a query of the TRI
Scale <:>, 632, 057
Note: 0 facilities submitting Lat/Long for 196 eporting year
T«r>
-------
KTMIM METAL
ALUMNM CT"OT AMERICA C
PIV
OLZN COP,P. oeoou war KUMM nu,
C.I. nrwi DC man i a. oeaot
rApa ce. (TICONDCWIA HILL
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co. OMMM uvn NIL
lecnic ce. UIUCOMC PMOUCTI o
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- MWT mi »nt
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1988 DEC TRI Facilities
Reporting Chlorine Releases
(CAS #007782505)
KHVICU CENT
Figure 1.4 The CIS is capable of printing information from the TRI with each
facility point. This often results in text overlap which requires
editing.
3/5/90
-------
r/iree Dimensional Model o/
CMorine fle leases (SfacJtJ
Figure 1.5 The TRI can be displayed as a block diagram as shown below. This diagram shows the poundage
of chlorine released from Section 313 facilities as peaks above facility locations. This may
be an effective method of disseminating TRI data to the public as both location an quantity
of release is shown graphically.
v ^t *«-- . 'fr.^* .M
Mzmmi^^,
-------
1.4 Combining the TRI Coverage with other CIS Coverages
A. Overlaying Coverages
B. Establishing Spatial Relationships through Overlay Analysis
C. Common Geography: Federal, State, and Local Government
D. List of Acquired and Developed Coverages
A. Overlaying Coverages
The GIS's ability to overlay numerous coverages, such as a soils coverage with a slope
and forest type coverage, provides for the ability to examine the inter and intra-spatial
relationships of diverse datasets. Unlike a computer-aided design and drafting system (CADD),
which merely traces one layer over another, the GIS is capable of performing overlay analysis
allowing for the intersection of map layers to form new coverages. For example, the -
intersection of a soils coverage with a forest type and slope coverages, a new map could be
generated depicting areas which are thin sandy soils with a red pine forest cover existing on a
slope greater than 15 degrees could be generated. This is an example of a "polygon-to-polygon'
intersection. Other intersection analysis includes "line in polygon" analysis and "point in
polygon", which is most relevant to this study as the TRI facilities are stored as points.
The GIS's overlay capability is what enables the TRI to be analyzed relative to a wide
range of environmental factors, thereby providing a means to evaluate the environmental
context of toxic chemical releases and potential impacts which may result. For instance, it is
possible to analyze the TRI relative to watersheds, political districts, or hydro logical conditions
at the site of release.
When overlaying coverages it is important to keep in mind the scales at which the
coverages were originally captured (digitized, scanned). Coverages with different source map
scales may not coinicide accurately when overlaid. For instance, a hydrography coverage
(rivers, lakes, streams) which was captured from a base map having a scale of 1:100,000 (I
inch on the map is equal to 100,000 on the earth's surface) overlaid with a coverage of
property parcels captured from a tax map at 1:9000 may result in properties which fall on the
opposite side of a stream on the map than exists in the real world. The smaller the source map
scale (larger ratio), the less precise the coverage will be.
B. Establishing Spatial Relationships through Overlay Analysis
In addition to the visual representation of the inter spatial relationships of various
coverages provided by overlay, a number of spatial analysis operations can be performed with
the TRI coverage. As this project has handled the Section 313 facilities as a "point coverage",
the overlay analysis operations which can be performed include:
1. Generating a circle around the TRI facility point a specified distance (ARC/INFO "BUFFER"
command) to identify points, lines, or polygons from other coverages which fall within the
circle. This may include, for example, well sites or property parcel centroids (ARLM File)
within an "inner zone" (see: Section 2.3 "Exposure Evaluation").
15
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2. Point in polygon analysis. Using ARC/INFO's "IDENTITY" command (polygon option),
attribute data from the "polygon attribute table" in which the TRI point is intersected will be
transferred to the TRI "point attribute table". For example, an intersection of the TRI coverage
with a coverage of U.S.G.S quadrangle boundaries having an item "quadrangle name" in the
"polygon attribute table" will add this item to the TRI "point attribute table" (see: Figure 1.25)
This enables the ability to generate a printout of all TRI facilities within selected polygons, such
as all the TRI facilities located on a pacticular quad sheet, an individual watershed, or all
facilities within a selected congressoinal district.
3. Assign data from the nearest arc ("arc attribute table") to the TRI "point attribute table" via
ARC/INFO's IDENTITY command (line option). This was used in this study to assign the river
reach sequence number from EPA's "River Reach" file to the TRI "point attribute table",
thereby providing a link to EPA's water quality data system.
(Note: Loren Hall, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA comments on a draft of this report: "The
description of assigning reach numbers to the TRI facilities indicates a potential misuse of the
GIS capabilities to associate features based on proximity, and should not be used as an example of
assigning arc data to points. The problem can arise because the reach file is relatively sparse,
with traces taken from 1:250,000 scale maps, while many permits will list streams not
included in this file. In such cases, standard practice is to examine maps to identify the nearest
downstream reach segment from the one not in the reach file, and assign that segment's number
to the discharge point, and note a link. These data have been captured for virtually all TRI
facilities in the IBM Industrial Facilities Discharge (IFD) file. This file could have been
consulted to identify a reach number for the TRI facilities with NPDES permits. Facilities
transferring chemicals to POTWs could be matched to identify the reach number receiving the
POTW discharge.")
4. Calculate the distance of the TRI point to points from other coverages using ARC/INFO's
"NEAR" command. For instance, the distance to all properties surrounding a facility can be
calculated.
C. Common Geography: Federal, State and Local Government
One of the great promises of a GIS is the ability to combine data which originates from
diverse governmental agencies, having separate tasks, yet sharing a common geography. The
spatial integration of this data can shed new light on individual datasets as well as provide for a
more comprehensive understanding of an environment through the assemblage over numerous
GIS layers. The recognition of the value of shared GIS databases promotes inter-agency and
inter-departmental cooperation.
As database creation is often the costly element in developing a GIS and to avoid costly
duplication, it is important to be able to access existing GIS databases which may have been
created by other federal, state, and local governments. Consequently, the development of a GIS
which can be used to analyze the TRI will usually involve a combination of coverages accesssed
from any number of sources. To demonstrate this principle, this project assembled a variety of
coverages from a number of sources which were combined through overlay analysis with the
TRI coverage.
16
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D. List of Acquired and Developed Coverages
A major work componet of the project was the development and acquisition of GIS
coverages to combine with the TRI coverage. This effort involved establishing contacts within a
number of agencies, sending letters of request for datasets, obtaining administrative approvals
and making data release agreements. The purpose of which was to demonstrate the ability of the
technology to spatially analyze the TRI relative to a range of environmental medium, as well as
demonstrate the ability to combine data originating from a number of federal, state and local
sources. The integration of data from diverse sources is a great promise of the GIS technology as
government will be able to function more efficiently with agencies able to make decissions
which take into consideration diverse factors, no longer operating within the vacuum of their
own narrow regulatory focus.
The coverages acquired for this project were as follows:
-High Yield Aquifers (Figure 1.16, Datafile: Appendix B-2) Source Data Scale: 1:250,000
Acquired from the NYS Low Level Radioactive Waste Siting Commission. This is one of several
GIS coverages developed by the Commission which is being used to determine areas which are
unsuitable for locating the waste site. By overlaying a number coverages, each identifying
unsuitable areas for the waste site, the Commission is identifying those areas which are
potential sites. This data came in Digital Line Graph format (DLG) and had to be converted to
ARC/INFO format. This coverage has enabled the overlaying of TRI facilities which reported
discharges to the groundwater with the groundwater conditions at that location.
-Hydrologic Units (Figures 1.14, 1.12, 1.10; Datafiles: Appendix B-7) Source Data Scale:
1:500,000-Acquired from EPA's prototype "GRIDS" system which is being developed for GIS
database dissemination. This database has allowed the ability to sum toxic releases occurring
within a particular watershed.
New York State Assembly, Senate and Congressional Districts (Figures 1.17,
1.18, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22; Datafiles: Appendix B-8, B-9, B-10 ) Source Data Scale:
1:24,000. Acquired from the New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research
and Reapportionment. These coverages enable the GIS to group the TRI data by political district
and summarized in a report format (printout).
-New York State Quadrangle Boundaries (Figure 1.9; Datafile: Appendix B-15 ) Source
Data Scale: 1:24.000-Acquired by the Parks Management and Research Institute prior to this
project from NYS Division of Equalization and Assessment. This coverage enables one to quickly
identify the quad in which a facility resides.
-River Reach File (Figures 1.11,1.13,1.15; Datafile: Appendix B-14) Source Data Scale:
1:250,000. Acquired from EPA "GRIDS". This data set provides a statewide coverage of
hydrography with the ability to link with EPA's data on water quality which can be compared to
TRI.
-New York State Municipal Boundaries (Figure 1.7; Datafile: Appendix B-12) Source
Data Scale:1:24,000. Acquired from NYS E&A. This data set enables the potential to automate a
]7
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map of a community's TRI as a means to disseminate TRI data.
-Dutchess Co. Roads/Rails (Figure 1.23; Datafile: Appendix B-16) Source Data Scale:
1:24,000-Acquired from NYS DOT through NYS E& A. Dutchess Co was used to demonstrate the
integration of an existing statewide databases such as DOT'S "Class" file.
-Dutchess & Saratoga Co. Assessment Role Levy Module (Figures 1.24, 2.3, 3.2,
3.3, 3.14; Datafile: Appendix B-6) Source Data Scale: Generally 1:400-Acquired from NYS
E&A. Assessment data for each property parcel (coverage available for most NYS counties-see
Figure 1.24) includes a state plane coordinate which is the geographic "centroid" of a parcel
taken from the tax map. The assessment data is converted into a GIS "point coverage" by NYS
E&A from what is known as the "Real Property Information System (RPIS)". These coverages,
stored by county, have been used in this project to demonstrate the ability to more accurately
locate TRI facilities as well as identify properties and derive population figures which may be
affected by toxic releases (exposure evaluation). An important attribute of this data is a land
use code assigned to each parcel. This enables the development of land use maps (theissian
polygon generation) as well as the ability to search for various facilities, i.e hospital or an
industrial facility by querying land uses of property.
Note: The Eire Co. GIS ARLM file coverage was used during this project to provide information in
map and printout form to EPA and FEMA on properties surrounding the location of a discovery of
toxic chemicals in the ground at a trailer park in the Forest Glen area of Niagara Falls, N.Y.
Developed Coverages:
-New York State County Boundaries (Figure 1.6; Datafile: Appendix B-11) Source Data
Scale: 1:24,000. Created by ARC/INFO command "DISSOLVE" on municipal coverage (NYMUNI)
using county identifer digits in "SWIS" code (Appendix ).
-New York State Emergency Management Office Districts: (Figure 1.8; Datafile:
Appendix: B-13) Source Data Scale: 1: 24,000. Created by ARC/INFO command "DISSOLVE" on
NYS County boundaries.
Others (not referenced):
-Saratoga Co. Tax Map Sections (Datafile B-17)
-Sample TRI facility boundaries: G.E. Waterford (Figure 3.13); I.B.M. East Fishkill
(Figure 2.2); BASF (Figure 1.29).
-NYS DEC Air Quality Monitoring Stations (Niagara Frontier)
NOTE The following pages display the relationships of the coverages to the TRI coverage.
18
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New York State
County Boundaries
[7] TRI Point
Scale 1:2.632.057
Figure 1.6 The county boundary coverage was created by a "DISOLVE^
of the municipal boundary coverage (Figure 1.7) removing
municipal boundaries between municipalities which share
a state SWISS code indicating a common county.
n<
-------
New York State
Municipal Boundaries
Figure 1.7
N
(Tj TRI Points
Scale 1: 2, 632, 057
9/6;
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New York State
S.E.M.O. Regions
N
NORTH CENTRAL j
[T] TRI Points
CENTRAL /
Scale 1:2.632.057
Figure 1.8 The New York State Emergency Management Office (SEMO)
regions coverage was created from a "DISOLVE" of the
county boundary coverage (Figure 1.6)
-------
New York State
Quadrangle Boundaries
Scale 1:2.632.057
[T) TRI Points
Figure 1.9 The U.S. Geological Survey Quadrangle boundary
coverage enables the user of the TRI to identify
which quad sheet a facility is located on.
-------
New York State
Hydrologic Unit Coverage
Region - 02 (Mid-Atlantic)
This coverage enables a summation of the total
toxic loading to surface waters within individ
ual watersheds.
Scale 1:2.632.057
[T] TRI Points
9/6/90
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New York State
Riven Reach Coverage
Region - 02 (Mid-Atlantic)
This coverage enables the TRI to be associated
to individual "river reach" segments, thereby
establishing a link to EPA's water quality data.
N
(Tj TRI Points
Scale 1:2.632.057
-------
New York State
Hydrologic Unit Coverage
Region - 04 (Great Lakes)
[T] TRI Points
Scale l: 2. 632. 057
Figure 1.12
9/6/90
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New York State
River Reach Coverage
Region - 04 (Great Lakes)
Figure 1.13
[T TRI Points
Scale 1:2,632.057
9/6/90
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New York State
Hydrologic Unit Coverage
Region - 05 (Ohio River)
[T] TRI Points
Scale 1:2.632.057
Figure \.}k Chemicals which are released in these
watersheds may eventually reach the
Mississippi River.
9/6/90
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New York State
River Reach Coverage
Region - 05 (Ohio River)
&..-.... <« .-
. .-" .
Figure 1.15
(Tl TRI Points
* - 1J
Scale 1:2.632.057
9/6/90
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New York State
High Yield Aquifers
[7] TRI Points
Scale 1:2.632.057
Figure 1.16 This coverage, acquired from the New York State Low
Level Radioactive Waste Siting Commission, enables
the identification of facilities which are reporting
releases to the land and which are located over a "High
Yield Aquifer".
9/6/90
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New York State
Congressional Districts
u;
o
Figure 1.17 Political boundary coverages enable the TRI to be
summarized by political district. This information
could be provided to legislators and citizens who
may wish to contact the appropriate representatives
who have jurisdiction over the district in which a
facility is located.
[T] TRI Points
Scale 1:2.632.057
-------
New York State
Senate Districts
Figure 1.18
[7] TRI Points
Scale 1:2.632.057
9/6/90
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New York State
Assembly Districts
Figure 1.19
[7] TRI Points
"q-i A1
I F-.f-.
Scale 1:2.632.057
-------
New York City
Congressional Districts.-%
[T] TRI Points
Figure 1.20
Scale 1: 305.697
o /c
-------
New York City
Senate Districts
[7] TRI Points
Figure 1.21
Scale 1: 305,697
9/6/90
-------
New York City
Assembly Districts
Ul
[T| TRI Points
Figure 1.22
Scale i: 305.697
9/6/P"
-------
fecit:
1: 294,0$2
TRI Points
Figure 1.23 Thejroad coverage can be used to produce maps which local
officials could use to evaluate the accuracy of the lat/long
coordinates which were submitted by facilities.
36
I/I/II
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1.5 Using the CIS for Locational Accuracy
A. The Importance of Locational Accuracy
B. Identifying Points Outside of Boundaries
C. Comparison of a Facility's TRI Coordinate with Coordinates Submitted Under Other
Regulatory Programs
D. Coordinate Comparisions with the New York State Assessment Role Levey Module
E. Automated Map Generation
A. The Importance of Locational Accuracy
Location, location, location. They say it's everything in real estate. The same holds true
for geographic information systems. An error in the accuracy of the locational component of a
geographic database, i.e. the lat/long coordinate of a TRI facility, will result not only in a
facility being placed inaccurately on the map, but also the environmental context which will
then be associated with that facility through overlay analysis will be inaccurate, i.e. soils,
hydrogeological conditions, etc. If the TRI is to be handled meaningfully as a GIS coverage, effort
will have to be made to ensure the accuracy of the coordinates which facilities submit on their
Form R's. This section of the report outlines potentials of the GIS to assist in this effort.
B. Identifying Points Outside of Boundaries
The lat/long coordinates which have been submitted by a facility can be evaluated by a
GIS to determine if the submitted coordinate falls within appropriate boundaries. This may
include state, county, municipal, or even tax parcel boundaries (Figure 1.29). A plotting of
coordinates submitted by Section 313 facilities in 1988 showed almost 100 of the over 800
facilities to be located outside of the state boundary (Figure 1.26). These facilities can be
summarized in report format to provide an initial list of facilities whose location is shown to be
inaccurate and in need of revision (via point in polygon identity command). A facility which is
located at or near a state, county or municipal boundary may fall outside the appropriate
boundary, but may in fact be only slightly off it's true location. This explains the clustering of
points near the state boundary (Figure 1.26)
Figure 1.32 shows the appropriate location for facilites from Dutchess Co. which are
located outside the county as well as facilities whose coordinates fall within Dutchess Co. but are
actually located in a county other than Dutchess.
C. Comparison of a Facility's TRI Coordinate with Coordinates Submitted Under
Other Regulatory Programs
A second application of the GIS in determining the accuracy of coordinates submitted by
facilities is a comparison of the coordinates submitted by a facility under Section 313 of SARA
with coordinates submitted by that same facility under other regulatory programs. If the
coordinates are far apart it indicates that one of the two coordinate pairs are inaccurate. Two
37
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points which were calculated separately, yet are located close to one another, indicates a strong
likelihood of accuracy. If the coordinates are identical, it does not necessarily mean they are
correct, as a facility may use the same coordinate for reporting under SARA as was used in
another regulatory program. If this initial coordinate is inaccurate, then both coordinates will
be incorrect.
The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation's "Condensed TRI Database" includes
the lat/long coordinate which was submitted under the State Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (SPDES). (See DEC.PAT items-Appendix B-3) SPDES is the New York State
counterpart of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). For states which
have not made associations of TRI facilities with other regulatory programs, the TRI includes
the NPDES I.D. number. This ID# provides a means to access a facility coordinates which were
submitted under this regulatory program (NOTE: A facility's lat/long coordinate submitted as
NPDES data can be accessed through EPA's Permit Compliance System (PCS)).
To demonstrate the potential of a GIS for comparing coordinate points, a file was written
from DEC.PAT which contained the facility's internal "point" ID number (established by GIS
software) and its two coordinate pairs: TRI lat/long and SPDES lat/long. Using ARC/INFO's
"generate" command, a coverage of arcs was produced by using the two coordinates to define a
line (Figures 1.27 & 1.28). These lines (arcs) can be used to visually display the location
discrepancies between the two coordinates. The coordinate which is in error will often stand out
as it is often located within an inappropriate boundary. The GIS is also capable of summarizing
in report format the distance between a facilities coordinates, as the length of these generated
arcs is automatically calculated by the software (item "LENGTH" in Arc Attribute Table).
Facilities whose point distances are beyond a set value such as "1 Km" can be added to a list of
suspected facilities whose submitted coordinates are in need of revision.
(Note: Office of Toxic Substances, US EPA has provided comment that another method of
identifying suspect coordinates for all facilities is to generate line lengths between the reported
coordinates and the facility ZIP code centroids.)
D. Coordinate Comparisions with the New York State Assessment Role Levey
Module
A third use of the GIS for assisting in the evaluation of the accuracy of submitted lat/long
coordinates is the comparison of this coordinate point with the location of a facility's property
parcel(s) coordinates, which, in New York state, are listed within the NYS Division of
Equalization and Assessment's GIS "Assessment Role Levy Module (ARLM)". The ARLM File lists
the northing and easting coordinate "centroid" (state plane coordinate system) of a parcel as a
data item which is stored for each taxable property.
As the ARLM files are quite large, this is best done by creating a subset of all properties
which have a land use code "industrial" (ARC/INFO "reselect" command). This subset of
properties can then be searched by property ownership (INFO item "owner") with the objective
of locating a facility as the registered owner of a property having a discrete location. By
overlaying the parcel coordinates with the lat/long coordinate locations submitted under Section
313 of SARA, a comparision of the distance between these points can be made (Figure 1.32). It
should be noted that industrial facilities often extended over several property parcels.
38
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NEW YORK STATE
GRID COORDINATE STATUS
BY COUNTY
COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE (RPIS) 38
COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE (OTHER) 4
PARTIAL COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE (RPIS or OTHER) 2
NO COORDINATES ON COMPUTER FILE 13
Figure 1.
The New York State Division of Equalization and Assessment
maintains a CIS "point coverage" of property assessment for
the above counties. This database can be used to evaluate properties and populations
which may be exposed to toxic chemicals.
-------
In addition, the location of a Section 313 facility can be found from the tax maps. These
maps are usually developed at a scale of 1:400-a scale that is more accurate than the 1:24,000
U.S.G.S quadrangle series. To locate a Section 313 facility, one must search through the
assessment roles, which in most counties are listed alphabetically by owner at the county office
of real property (a property may be leased by a Section 313 facility in which case it could not
be identified in the assessment role). Once a facility's parcels(s) "Section-Block-Lot"
numbers are determined, the parcel(s) can then be referenced on the tax map.
E. Automated Map Generation
Perhaps the most effective method of evaluating the lat/long coordinates submitted by a
facility under Section 313 of SARA is the use of the GIS to automate the process of generating
maps of each facility based on the coordinates that were submitted. These maps could be
provided back to the facility contact as a means of double checking the coordinates. If the map
shows the facility to be in an inaccurate location, it implies an error in the coordinates which
were submitted. A new coordinate would then be submitted by the facility contact.
This methodology was developed in this project to double check the coordinates of
incineration sources whose emissions were modeled in DEC'S "Incineration 200" study (see
Section 3.2). In this application, an Arc Macro Language (AML) program was written which
automated the production of maps displaying the road network in a 600 meter by 400 meter
area surrounding the coordinate locations for 87 sources. If the road network on the digital map
did not correspond to the road network which would be found in the real world surrounding the
incineration source it indicated an error in coordinate submission (see Figure 3.5 for sample
map).
1.6 Conclusion
The requirement that facilities report a lat/long coordinate on the Section 313 "Form R"
has facilitated the ability to integrate the TRI into a GIS. This is made possible by the software's
capability of using these coordinates to "generate" a "point coverage" from the TRI data. Many of
the coordinates which have been submitted by facilities, however, have shown to be inaccurate.
An effort will have to be made to improve the accuracy of this data before it can be used
meaningfully as a GIS coverage. In addition, as the submitted coordinates many not be the actual
point source for individual releases, error resultant from variations in on-site release
locations should be factored into any analysis.
The ability of the GIS to automate the map display of the TRI data holds promise as an
effective means to disseminate the data to the public. County, state and municipal maps showing
the locations of Section 313 facilities with a corresponding printout of the releases at those
facilities may be the most effective way of informing the public about the releases of toxic
substances in their communities.
40
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DATAFILE NRHEi DECSEMO.PAT
38 ITEHSi STARTING IN POSITION
COL
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
48
88
113
128
133
163
173
177
202
209
219
226
232
238
244
250
252
253
261
265
289
327
331
335
339
343
358
253
253
.253
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
OECSEMOtt
DECSEnO-ID
DECQUAOStt
DECQUAOS-ID
DECCDtt
DECCD-IO
DECK
DEC-ID
KEY
FNAME
STREET
CITY
ZIP
CONTACT
PHONE
SIC
RCU STREAM
POTU SPDES
AIRFACIL
SPDES
LAT
LON
TRILAT
TRILON
SUIS
SCARRY
HUC
CD
QUAONAME
COUNTY
NYRRN
DISTANCE
NYSEMOtt
NYSEMO-ID
RNAME
REGION
REDEFINED
HUC'2
HUC'4
HUC>6
UOTH
4
4
4
4
4
7
40
25
15
5
30
10
4
25
7
10
7
6
6
6
6
2
1
B
4
24
38
4
4
4
4
15
15
ITEMS <
2
4
6
OPUT
12
12
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
40
25
15
5
30
10
4
25
7
10
7
6
6
6
6
2
1
a
5
24
30
5
12
5
5
15
15
»
2
4
6
TYP
F
F
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
I
B
C
C
B
F
B
B
C
C
I
I
I
N.DEC
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
_
-
.
-
_
-
-
3
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALTERNATE NAME
LAB
Figure 1.25 The ARC/INFO "identity" command allows for the transfer of data from
the attribute table of coverages which the TRI is overlaid to the TRI
facility "point attribute table (PAT)".
41
-------
*
+
D i stribut ion o/ TR I
Lat/Long Submi s s i on s
Outside of NY State
+
+
4-
+ +
to
*
New York State Outline
TRI Polnte
Figure 1.26 Approximately one out of eight lat/long
Coordinates submitted by facilities fall
utside of the state boundary.
-------
Lines Co.nnecfino Facilities
TRI Lat/Lo,ng Point With
SPDES Lit/Long Point
Figure 1.27 Lines can be generated by the GIS which relocate inaccurate coordinate submissions
to locations which are based on coordinates submitted by a facility under other
regulatory programs (see Figure 1.28).
-------
Lines conneci /acjUifies TRI
Lat/Long point /wilth SPDES
Laf/iony poi
Figu 1.28/ Vertical and horizontal lines indicate
in either thle latitude^ or longitude c
-------
Albany Quad
Troy South/Quad
Submitted TRI Location
BASF Property Boundaries
Delmar QUE
East Greenbush Quad
BASF Property Boundarie
with reported TRI
Facility Location
1/26/90
Figure 1.29 The Assessment Role (Figure 1.2*0
can be used to identify a facility on a tax map
Property Boundaries can be digitized and
compared to TRI coordinate submissions.
Topographic Quadrangle Boundaries
Mani c ip & 1 B ound a ri e s
L
-------
Du t c he
County
Hydro I o gi
Units an c
J? i v e r J? e o
Scale:
/: 284,062
Inaccuracies must also be consiYlered in coverages with are
overlaid with the TRI. This showVa stream 1 rom the EPA
"ri»er reach" file crossing over mto another watershed.
Thi?\may be due to an error in either cove/age.
//M/9
-------
Location of study are
mhin New York State
Inaccuracies in LL.J SAP
Facilities Reporting
Latitude and Longitude
Within Dutchess County
(Note: Area within circle approximates correct
location of the facility.)
Figure 1.31 A county may have points
which are facilities located in othej
counties as well facilities which
are not shown as the point may
be located outside the count)
-------
KEM PLASTICS
t / 242. 85 meters
6.09 \/'
meters*
IBM POUGHKEEPSIE
Comparison of DEC S ALRM
Point Locations in
Dutchess County
-------
PART 2
Using the GIS in the TRI Risk Screening Process
2.1 Introduction
A. EPA's Toxic Chemical Release Risk Screening Guide
B. Important Definitions
A. EPA's Toxic Chemical Release Risk Screening Guide
In July 1989, the Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. E.P.A. published the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide, which is "directed to those individuals who are
involved in interpreting and explaining environmental pollution, exposures*, and health risks
to the general public". As a framework for initial analysis of the TRI data, the risk screening
process outlined in this guide uses general risk assessment principles, resulting in a relative
expression of risk (e.g. high, medium, low). This is used to establish "risk-based" priorities
and information needs for follow-up chemical or site-specific risk assessment activities".
A work task of this project has been the development of methods to utilize the GIS in
various steps of EPA's risk screening process as outlined in Toxic Chemical Release Inventory
Risk Screening Guide. This PART 2 of the report outlines potential uses of the GIS, summarized
by the three elements which comprise EPA's risk screening process: lexicological potency
(2.2), exposure evaluation (2.3), and risk characterization (2.4):
Toxicological Potency:
The first element of EPA's risk screening process is the characterization of the
chemicials ("high-medium-low") being released by Section 313 facilities, based upon a
number of lexicological potency indices developed by EPA. This process enables the user of the
TRI to focus on those substances of greatest concern (see: Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk
Sreening Guide p. 29). The lexicological potency indices were developed by combining two steps
of a risk assessment: (1) Hazard Identification, which characterizes the nalure of adverse
heallh or ecological effects that may be produced by a chemical; and (2) Dose-response
relationships, which is an expression of the extent of adverse health effects at specific exposure
levels.
Exposure Evaluation:
This phase of the risk screening process is an evaluation of the pathways by which
people and olher organisms may be exposed lo the toxic chemicals which are released from
Section 313 facilities. Exposure pathways will vary depending on a number of site-specfic
criteria as well as the type of release, i.e. air, land, surface waler. As Ihis analysis is
49
-------
essentially a spatial analysis of the relationships between release locations, site-specific
environmental conditions and populations, a GIS can be very useful in assisting in this process.
Risk Characterization:
This phase of the risk screening process combines the lexicological potency and the
exposure evaluation phases of the risk screening process to identify facilities, populations and
chemicals that would be highest priorities for follow-up risk assessment efforts. As this phase
of the risk screening results only in a projection relative risk, the follow-up risk assessment
is necessary to answer questions such as: "Will these releases result in higher cancer rates?"
B. Important Definitions
Exposure-the estimation of the amount or concentration of a toxic substance available at the
exchange boundaries, i.e. lungs, gut, skin, during some specified time. A population which is
exposed to high concentration levels of a toxic substance over a relatively short period of time
may be at greater risk (acute exposure) than a population which is exposed to low levels over a
longer period of time (chronic exposure).
'Risk Assessment - The process of estimating the probability of occurence of adverse health or
ecological effects. Human health risk assessment includes: (1) description of the potential
adverse effects; (2) estimation of the extent of effects on humans exposed to a given amount of
chemical; (3) judgements on the type and number of persons affected under different conditions
of exposure; and (4) characterization of 'the uncertainties incurred in determining risk.-U.S.
EPA
50
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2.2 Risk Screening Element 1: Toxicological Potency
A. EPA's lexicological Potency Indices Database
B. TRI Coverage Linkage with EPA Toxicological Potency Indices Database
C. Missing Data
A. EPA's Toxicological Potency Indices Database
EPA has developed a database which characterizes chemicals covered under Section 313
of SARA according to a number of the lexicological potency indices. This database is listed in full
in Appendix A, Volume 2, Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide. Substances
are ranked "high", "medium" or "low" (1,2,3, respectively in database) for the following
indices:
- Reoortable Quantites ("RQACUTE", "RQAQTX") , the intrinsic chemical, physical, and
lexicological properties of a substance establish reportable quantities under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The more toxic a
substance, the lower the poundage release which must be reported. The lexicological potency
database assigns a "1" to the substance if 100 Ibs. or less are reportable ; a "2" if 1000 Ibs. or
less is reportable and a "3" if a 5000 Ibs. or more is reportable. Acute toxicity RQ is based on
the LDso (median lethal dose) and LCso (median lethal concentration) of a substance
administered by oral, dermal or inhalation.
-Threshold Planning Quantities ("TPQ"s) Similar to RQ's; ranking is estabished base on
reportable quantities for Section 302 of SARA.
-Reference Doses (RfD's-"INHAL", "ORAL") These indices are based on the threshold dose below
which no observable effects are assumed to occur. RfDs are measures of human chronic
exposure, estimates of a daily lifetime exposure to a substance that is likely to be without
appreciable risk, including effects to sensitive subpopulations.
-Cancer Potency ("RQPC" and "RISK") These indices are based upon the tumorigenic response of
a test organism to an administered dose of the substance. EPA expresses cancer potency in unit
risk factors to define a probability of contracting cancer from exposure to a unit dose of a
carcinogen over a lifetime (70 years). The lower the cancer potency, the lower the unit risk
factor.
-Aquatic Water Quality Criteria ("WQACUTE", "WQCTX") These indices are based upon the
ambient concentration of a chemical that will not cause adverse effects to the most sensitive
organisms.
(NOTE: Other items shown in the lexicological indices database: CAS.PAT (Appendix B-5) are
EPA, Office of Toxic Substances indices which are not includedJn "Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Sreenino Guide").
51
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B. TRI Coverage Linkage with EPA Toxicological Potency Indices Database
The "Toxicolgical Potency" element of the risk screening process, outlined in Toxic
Chemical Release Inventory'Risk Screening Guide , can be performed by a GIS by establishing a
relationship between the toxicological potency database and the TRI release database (Figure
1.2). This relationship (Appendix C-4) allows for the ability to search the release database for
chemicals which satisfy any number of toxicological potency conditions, i.e. releases of
chemicals which have a "INHAL" value of "1", followed by a display of the facilities responsible
for those releases on the map. See Figure 2.1 for example map and command syntax generated
by a query of TRI facilities which are releasing toxic substances into surface waters which have
aWCACUTEvalueofT.
The value of being able to display this query in map format is the ability to analyze the
density or clustering of facilities which are releasing toxic substances of greatest concern. This
query, for example, shows 5 facilities located within 10 miles of each other, all discharging
substances which are highly toxic to fish into the Niagara River. This is just one example of
possible hundreds of different toxicological potency queries that can be generated in map format.
NOTE: To be able to perform this process on a GIS. a request was made to E.P.A. to provide the
database of the toxicological potency indices contained in the text. This database was provided to
the project in dBase format. It was transferred into INFO (Appendix B-5 ) by converting the
dBase file to ASCII format and importing it to INFO via the "ADD" command . Relationships were
then established between this and the TRI release databases: SARADATA.PAT (DEC'S "Condensed
TRI") and RT4.PAT ("NLM" TRI) (Appendix C-4, C-6).
C. Missing Data
This project did not include establishment of relationships with other chemical property
databases contained within the appendices of Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Sreening
Gilidfi. The establishment of a database relationship between the TRI release database and the
"Environmental Fate" database ( Appendix D-7 of Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk
Sreening Guide ) would prove to be particularly valuable in the exposure evaluation phase of the
risk screening process. This would enable the generation of maps of facilities which are
releasing highly toxic substances (toxicological potency database) which are both easily
transported as well as have a tendency to persist in the environment. These maps could then be
overlaid with other coverages, such as soils with facilities releasing chemicals having Koc <
1.5.
Linkage of the TRI release database with the "Environmental Fate" database would be
possible by establishing a relation using CAS #.
52
-------
ilauies Releasing Chemicals
Into Surface Waters Having
WQACUTE Values Equal To 1
This toxicological potency "risk screening"
query shows a clustering of facilities which
are releasing toxics which are ranked in the
highest potency category WQACUTE (harmful to fish)
(ji
OJ
SARA 313 Facilities
Hydrologic Watersheds
N.Y. State Shell
Query Selection Commands:
1. MQUERY dec point saradata draw
2. RESELECT saradata point surfacewaterl > 0
OR surfacewater2 > 0 OR surfacewater3>0
A MO /.-.o //..-.«..*.-. _
Figure 2.1
-------
2.3 Risk Screening Element 2: Exposure Evaluation
A. Combining Coverages to Compile Facility Site-Specific Data
B. Generation of Template
C. "Inner" and "Outer" Zone Referencing
D. Using the GIS for Population Enumeration
A. Combining Coverages to Compile Facility Site-Specific Data
An initial activity of the exposure evaluation phase of the risk screening process is the
assembling of facility site-specific data. This includes such information as the locations of
releases; characterizations of populations near a facility, i.e. residential populations, schools,
and hospitals; media uses, such as well sites or surface water intake locations; and physical
transport characteristics of the area, such as hydrogeological and topographical conditions.
Gathering this facility site-specific data can be a tedious effort as this information may
be found in number of sources, including a great number of maps with different map scales, and
references which may be scattered in any number of locations. A GIS can simplify this process
by overlaying relevant coverages to form a composite map of a facility. Figure 2.2 shows a
composite map of a selected Section 313 facility which was developed by combining the
coverages collected in this study.
B. Generation of Template
When assembling facility site-specific data, it is important to be able to establish the
geographic distances of this information from the locations of toxic releases. To facilitate this
process, this project included the development of an Arc Macro Language program (AMI) which
will generate a template of half mile concentric circles, partitioned in 15 degree sectors,
around a TRI facility coordinate (see "MAKETEMP.AML, Appendix A-4). The generation of this
template forms a separate GIS coverage which can then be overlaid with the TRI facility point
and additional facility site-specific coverages.
The intersection of the template coverage with the facility site-specific coverages
(ARC/INFO "IDENTITY" command) can produce a listing of facility site-specific data by template
sector (Sectors are numbered by distance in a radial direction from the facility and by 15
degree angle with north 0 degress, south 180 degrees). This, for instance, by intersecting with
the ARLM File, can provide a listing of all properties (owner's name, address, lande use code)
by sector relative to a facility (Figure 2.3).
(Note: EPA has commented that the template developed in this project consisting of 24 15 degree
sectors is not standard practice and recommends a template of 16 sectors of 22.5 degrees as this
is used by weather stations to collect wind direction for use in models. See Figure 2.8)
C. "Inner" and "Outer" Zone Referencing
EPA's "Exposure Evaluation" methodology as discribed in Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Sreenino Guide, establishes what is known as "Inner" and "Outer" zones.
54
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rn Agriculture
Residential
Vacant Land
Commercial
nn Recreation/Entertainment
Community Services
[~7] Industrial
rn Public Service
r~~| Conserv. Lands S Parks
J
7; Individual Aquifer Boundaries
IBM Property Boundaries
I1 Municipal Boundaries
I i
Rivers
IBM Properties
Aouif err.
f? Vulncraole Zone Template
^ \] /n ^..-/ vr } -.'.-:-- -
* \Figure''2.2 Combining coyfera^[es/via G-ISjoverlay Is a method of
1 i
txK-si t«'-sp^cif ic information''
.....
%&£*.' /"
V
\- \
\ I c, A.
-------
Populations within "Inner" zones are considered to be in a plausible exposure pathway if they
are in contact with the medium into which chemicals are released. Outer zones are areas beyond
the the Inner Zones that contain populations of interest that are likely to be exposed. The
following suggests ways in which the GIS can be used to reference Inner and Outer zones by
medium:
Air: EPA suggested Inner Zone: 1 mile; Outer Zone: 4 miles.
The template, referenced in "B. Generation of Template", can be used to determine
populations in the Inner and and Outer Zones for air releases. Depending on the prevailing
winds at a site, individual sectors can be added or substracted to these zones. For instance, if the
prevailing winds are from the west, sector 1.5 miles out at 90 degress might be added to the
Inner Zone.
Surface Waters: EPA suggested Inner Zone: 1 mile: Outer Zone: IS miles downstream
As the length of arcs is automatically calculated by the software, this information can be
used to establish the boundaries for both zones. It is also possible to use EPA's "River Reach"
file which includes the length of each river segment in the datafile (Appendix B-14, item 17).
this enables the generation of a regional map which displays all river segments which are in
either an Inner or Outer Zone.
Land: EPA suggested Inner Zone: Depth to Aquifer: 12 feet; Distance to well: 1 mile;
Downgrade runoff: 1/2 mile; Outer Zone: Depth to Aquifer:800 feet
(sandy/fractured soil); Distance to well: 4 miles; Downgradient runoff: 2 miles.
To demonstrate applications for exposure evaluation from releases to land, Andrea
Rachko, Graduate Student, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and
Forestry, produced a series of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and cross-sections of
hydrogeological conditions of the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y., as a component of this grant's work
tasks. These graphics were developed from sparse, spatially irregular, non-standardized well
log data, using the Interactive Surface Modeling (ISM) surface analysis software created by
Dynamic Graphics, running on an IRIS 3050 workstation. ISM is not a GIS software, however,
it is capable of producing cross-section diagrams not able to be produced by the ARC/INFO
software. These can be used to visualize hydrogeological conditions which affect the directional
flow of toxic chemicals in the groundwater.
Unlike the Inner and Outer Zones for air and surface waters, the Inner Zones and Outer
Zones for land releases are based on hydrological conditions rather than set distances from
release locations. It is possible, therefore, for releases to the land to be occurring in Outer
Zones (areas where the depth to groundwater is greater than 12 feet). Figure 2.6 shows the
locations of Inner and Outer Zones areas within the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y.
In addition to depth to aquifer, it is important to know the direction of groundwater flow
as toxic substances will be carried in this direction upon entering the groundwater. This can be
interpreted by a determination of the groundwater surface profile. Like surface water, the
groundwater will be flowing downward (this may not be the case in unique hydrogeological
conditions). Figure 2.5 shows the direction of groundwater flow throughout the Town of East
Fishkill, N.Y.
56
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L| OerVlCtid
Industrial
Public Service
Conserv. Lands fi Parks
ARLM Points
Within 3 Mile
Radius of IBM
|T| Residential
Vacant Land
* Conmercial
Dutchess
County
Recreation/Entertainment
Figure 2.3
Scale: i: 49.187
57
A printout can
produced which
lists the owner's nar
and address by sector.
9/11/90
-------
Figure 2.7 shows the capability of the ISM software to provide a cross-section of the
hydrological conditions at a hypothetical land release location. These cross-sections provide a
graphic interpretation of potential surface runoff based on topography; depth to groundwater;
and groundwater flow direction. This can be used to identify well sites which may be providing
an exposure pathway.
(Note: The use of "sparse, spatially irregular" sample points for generating surfaces such as
was used by Andrea Rachko, from SUNY ESF in the Town of East Fishkill, N.Y. example, can
result in errors as the software will interpolate surface values in areas where no data exists.)
D. Using the GIS for Population Enumeration
An important aspect of exposure evaluation is the determination of the number of people
that may be impacted by toxic releases. The 1990 Census TIGER files developed by the U.S.
Bureau of Census and the U.S. Geologic Survey for use in GIS will soon make this technology the
primary tool for this activity. As the postcensus TIGER files will not be available until
sometime in 1991, the use of this database for risk screening applications has not been
evaluated in this project. In this respect, however, Mynar and Hammerstrom have stated "the
Census Polygon/Uniform Density method* of population estimation will become an attractive
alternative to manual methods, particularly in urban locations and in larger study areas."1
As valuable as TIGER will be for estimating populations which may be exposed to toxic
substances, census data has a major drawback in that the data is only residential population.
The census data, for instance, will not indicate population in a busy industrial or commercial
area. To compensate for this, property data can be combined with the TIGER file to develop more
realistic population counts which take into consideration transient populations. The New York
State Assessment Role Levy Module (ARLM), a GIS point coverage of property data, can be used
for this purpose. In this database, assessment data for each property includes a land use code
item. Properties within a facility's inner or outer zone, for example, can be summarized by
land use code (See Figures 2.9 and 2.10 -This process is performed by using ARC/INFO's
"identity" command which assigns the template zone to each property record).
The number of properties within each land use code type can be used to derive population
estimates which include not only residential population, but populations resultant from
commercial or recreational activity in the area. Residential population can be estimated by
multiplying an average houesehold number (usually 2.2, but will vary from region to region)
by the number of single family residences. The example of Hudson Valley Polymers inner zone
shown in Figure 2.10 indicates the following residential population:
2.2 * 862 (One Family Residences) = 1896
4.4 * 11 (Two Family Residences) = 48
6.6 * 2 (Three Family Residences) = 13
2.2 * 4 (Rural Residences) = 9
2.2 * 4 (Commercial/Living Accom) = 9
2.2 * 6 (Commercial/Apts.) = 13
2.2 * 232 (Condos) = 510
2498
58
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(Note: Multiple Residences (land use code 280) and Mobile Home Parks (land use code 416)
should be researched individually via address item contained in ARLM file to identify specific
populations rather than using an estimate (see INFO report: Figure 2.10). Parcels with this
land use code may vary greatly in the population numbers residing on these parcels. These
figures should be added to the estimate developed by using a standard household population
multiplier).
In addition to a residential population within this "Inner Zone" of Hudson Valley
Polymers, the ALRM file indicates a number of parcels having land uses which indicate people
may be present at those sites, and therefore, may be exposed to toxic chemicals. For example: 2
park playgrounds (land use code 591), 1 outdoor sports field (land use code 557) and a number
of miscellaneous land uses such as a drive in theater, 3 restaurants, etc.. This information can
be used in the exposure evaluation component of the risk screening process to gain a more
complete understanding of the populations that may be exposed to toxic chemicals which are
released from this facility.
1 Mynar II, F. and Hammerstrom, K.A., Population Estimation for Risk Assessment: A
Comparison of Methods. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and
Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada (EPA 600/X-90/199)a
August 1990, p. 36.
* The "Polygon/Uniform Density Method calculates the population of bisected block group i.e.
inner and outer zone bisection, by assuming uniform population density within a block group
area, with population in the subdivided area calculated as the ratio of the total area of a block
group divided by the area of sub block as a ratio of population.
2.4 Conclusion
The development of a GIS based system for risk screening the TRI would enable an
automation of may of the risk screening processes outlined in EPA's Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Sreening Guide. This would greatly enhance the ability of the state to screen the
data to identify facilities, chemicals, and geographic areas in need of further analysis. In
addition, the TRI could be combined with other environmental data such as hazardous waste
sites, radon, incineration facilities, utility electromagnetic fields, etc., to indicate high risk
areas resultant from any number of environmental factors which may compound the risk
associated from TRI releases.
59
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Figure 2.k Interactive Surface Modeling (ISM) software can be used t
generate surface profiles (topography and water table) fof
use in exposure evaluations related to land and underground
injection TRI releases.
Surface Elevation
4610000
4608000
4606000
4604000
4602000
4600000
4598000
4596000
4594000
596000 598000 600000 602000 604000 606000 608000 610000
00
c
i
Q
O
CD
]
O
"O
O
UD
^
Q
~D
-------
Figure 2.5
Water Table Surface Elevation
4610000
4608000
4606000
4604000
4602000
4600000
4598000
4596000
4594000
596000 598000 600000 602000 604000 606000 608000 610000
Q
r-
0)
Q
cr
CD
O
~0
O
Q
H)
-------
Groundwater Located Less Than 12 Feet From Surface
4610000) 1
4608000
4606000
4604000
4602000
4600000
4598000
4596000
4594000
TOWN OF EAST FISHKILL, NEW YORK
Well Site ID's on Water Table Topography
Well Site ID's on Surface Topography
Inner Zone: 12ft or less to aquifer
Outer Zone: 12ft to 800ft " "
S96000
598000 600000
602000
604000
606000
608000
610000
nOc
Figure 2.6 Inner and Outer Zones can be mapped and combined with well sites. A&*u
Surface profiles can be used to graphically display direction of groundwater flow, providing an indication
of wells which may be contaminated from TRI releases.
-------
Y Y1 CrossSection
Locations of Cross-Sections
Figure 2.7 Interactive Surface Modeling (ISM) is capable of providing cross-sections
which can be used to determine groundwater flow. Example is a spill locatr '*""*>
ion at a hypothetical facility. (ARC/INFO can produce Digital Elevation
Models (DEM) but is incapable of producing cross-sections such as this.) "'"
4M4I
X X1 CrossSection
996000 600000 604000
-------
Jindrose/Air Inner and Outer Zones
Figure 2.8 EPA's recommended template (windrose)
SooU Inallw
lindrose/iir Zones
Ifunictpai Boundaries
\
\
-------
Property Parcei Centroids
Within Inner Zone
Seal*
.25
8.5
9.75
Legend
(2 Agrlcultural [g Recreation
Q Residential [Q Community Service
[A) Vacant |g| Industrial
Commercial W>l ic S*rvi<
Figure 2.9
Condominium? B
Land Use Code:412/ J""«BB
f
!
*.>*.
Ki
:":';A 1: :: ;
.
:: :: -A A .
*
listing of propertiA
65
-------
i
12/28/90 pflGE 1
PROPERTIES WITHIN INNER ZONE OF HUDSOH UfiLLEY POLYMERS
LRNO USE DESCRIPTION TOTftL
CODE
105 flGRICULTURflL VflCRNT LRND 1
113 LIVESTOCK S PRODUCTS! BEEF-CftTTLE, CflLVES, HOGS 2
120 FIELD CROPS 2
170 NURSERY & GREEHOUSE 1
210 ONE FHMILY YEflR-ROUND RESIDENCE 862
220 TWO FflMILY YEflR-RDUND RESIDENCE 11
230 THREE FRMILY YEflR-ROUND RESIDENCE 2
240 RURflL RESIDENCE WITH flCRERGE 4
260 HULTIPLE RESIDENCES 2
300 URCflNT LfiND 1
310 RESIDENTIflL VflCflNT LflND 2
311 RES1DENT1RL UflCflNT LftND IN RESIDENTIRL fiREfl 152
312 RESIDENTIRL VRCflNT LflND: IMPROVED 9
320 UflCfiNT LftNDs RURAL 2
322 UflCflNT LflND: RURRL/RESIDENTIRL > 10 RCRES 1
330 VflCRNT LflND: COMMERCIflL 13
410 CQMMERCIRL- LIVING RCCDfiriODftTIONS 4
411 COMMERCIRL-. LIVING flCCOntlODflTIONS/flPflRTMENT 6
412 COntlERCIftL' LIVING flCCOtlMODftTIONS/CONDOMINIUri 232
416 canriERCiflL' MOBILE HQHE PORK 2
421 COMMERCIflL: RESTflURflNT 3
422 COMMERCIAL: DINER Of? LUNCHEONETT 3
432 CUnMERCIRL' SERVICE flND GfiS STflTION 3
433 CQMMERCIflLs ftUTO BODY, TIRE SHOP, OTHER fiUTO SRLES 1
435 CGMMERCIflL' MRNUflL CflR UflSH 1
440 COMMERCIRL: STQRRGE, WAREHOUSE PND DISTRIBUTION i
449 COMMERCIRL! STORRGE, UflREHQUSE/OTHER 4
473 COMTIERCIRL* GREENHOUSE 2
480 COnnERCIflL' MULTI-PURPOSE 1
482 COMMERCIRE-s DCUNTDUN ROW TYPE(DETfiCHED) 4
483 COMMERCIRLs CONVERTED RESIDENCE 2
484 COMMERCIflL* ONE STORY SMflLL STRUCTURE 3
485 COWtEfi'CIflf.-- SMflLL STRUCTURE-tfULTI-DCCUPHNT 3
513 DRIVE-IN THEflTER 1
557 OUTDOOR SPORTS FIELD 1
591 PflRK PLRYGROUND 2
620 RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION 1
632 BENEVOLENT RSSOCIRTION 1
662 POLICE, FIRE PROTECTION 1
682 COMMUNITY RECRERTION FRCILITY 1
692 MISCELLftNEQUSs TRRNSPORTfiTION 1
710 INDUSTRIRL: MflNUFflCTl/RI^fG 2
310 PJBLIC SERVICES ELECTRIC RMD GRS 1
011 PUBLIC SEKVICE: ELECTRIC POUEff GEN/HYDRO 1
Figure 2.10 ARC/INFO report listing the property types within
a Section 313 facility "inner" zone.
-------
-..I
Fieure 2.11 NYS DEC Air Monitor Sites in western
New York State. Data from these sitesccan
be used for exposure evaluation
+t
V""
ID
SITENUn
1401-01
1401-13
1401-18
1401-24
1401-29
1401-31
1401-32
1401-33
1401-34
1401-35
1401-36
1401-37
1402-01
1402-13
1425-01
1429-02
1451-03
1455-01
1463-02
1466-02
1472-04
1472-10
1472-12
1474-02
3101-15
3101-16
3102-09
3102-10
3102-12
3102-15
3102-17
3103-01
3103-07
3120-02
3152-02
TYPE .. '
TSP ' - -
TSP(HETALS).TSP
S02.CO.COHs.UOCs
TSP
Pb.TSP
CO - - - ' -V
Pb.TSP : ' - "
TSP '
TSP
TSP
TSP ' ' t -
TSP
S02. COIIs.TSP
TSP ,- ,.._;.'
TSP . :.'.'JJ>
TSP - ' -
N02.03.COHs.TSP.-
TSP
TSP
TSP
SOZ.COHs
TSP
TSP -.'
TSP
TSP ...
TSP
S02.CO.N02.COHs.TCDD/TCDF.VOC.TSP
TSP
TSP
TCDD/TCDF
H-b-
-?o
-------
PART 3
Linking Models with a GIS for Risk Assessment
3.1 Introduction
A. The Role of Models in Risk Assessment
B. Models Addressed in this Study
C. The Limitations of the TRI for Modeling
A. The Role of Models in Risk Assessment
EPA's risk screening process, outlined in Part 2 of this report, can be used to
identify facilities, chemicals and geographic areas which may be presenting the greatest risk to
communities. As EPA states, "the decision-makers who have juridiction over the environment
in a specific geographic area must decide on the next steps". One decision which may be made is
to proceed with a quantitative risk assessment, which is the process of estimating the
probability of adverse health or ecological affects resulting from these toxic chemical releases.
To make these estimates, it is necessary to understand the magnitude, frequency, and duration of
exposure. As opportunities to measure exposure are rare, it may be necessary to determine
this indirectly through modeling, which can be used to estimate the concentration levels of toxic
chemicals in the air, land, or water relative to points of release.
B. Models Addressed in this Study
PART 3 of this report outlines steps to integrate two commonly used atmospheric
models to a GIS: the Industrial Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT) model developed by
EPA (section 3.2); and the Degadis model, a short term dense gas model developed by the U.S.
Coast Guard (section 3.3). The value of integrating these models to a GIS is to: (1) automate the
visualization of the data in the form of an isoplethic map (contour the concentration data
calculated by the models), but more importantly (2) use the GIS to associate the concentrations
calulated by the model to the geographic data, such as properties, and other environmental
conditions, which surround Section 313 facilities.
C. The Limitations of the TRI for Modeling
The TRI is comprised of estimates of the total annual releases of toxic substances to
various media. This information does not include specific information which is needed to utilize
the ISCLT and Degadis models. To do so, it is necessary to gather additional information which is
used as input requirements, not contained in the TRI. The following sections outline the methods
and sources of information to obtain the input requirements to both models.
68
-------
3.2 Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model-ISCLT
A. Background
B. Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model (ISCLT)
C. Preliminary Test of ISC-GIS Linkage
D. ISCLT- GIS Linkage: Incineration 2000 Study
A. Background
As a means of exploring the ability to link an atmospheric model to a GIS, the Bureau of
Impact Assessment/ Meteorology, NYS DEC, recommended investigating the possibility of
integrating concentration data generated by the Industrial Source Complex Long Term
Model(ISCLT) to a GIS. ISCLT was to be used in an upcoming NYS DEC study of existing and
proposed incineration in the New York/New Jersey Metropolitan region, formally known as the
"Incineration 200O Study". The decision to pursue this application was based upon the
following:
-The ISC model is recommended by EPA in the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening
Guide for use in determining atmospheric concentrations from stack releases under gaussian
conditions.
-ISCLT is currently being used by DEC in the state's air permitting process (Air Guide-1:
Evaluation of Toxic Contaminants, DEC, Division of Air Resources), as well commonly used by
the department in exposure assessments.
-Integration issues would be best tested by working with data generated by a major atmospheric
modeling study such as "Incineration 2000". This study evaluated 87 sources, addressing 3
contaminants (lead, cadmium, dioxin) with concentrations summarized in separate"! 1
scenarios, e.g. cummulative concentrations resultant from all existing incinerators;
cummulative concentrations for all existing and proposed incinerators; etc.
-Staff from the Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorolgy, DEC would have the greatest
opportunity to participate in the evaluation process.
-This effort would contribute to DEC'S "Incineration 2000 Study".
B. Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model (ISCLT)
The ISC model is a steady-state Gaussian plume model currently being accessed by DEC
through the SUNYA Computer Services. It can be used to assess pollutant concentrations from a
wide variety of sources associated with an industrial source complex. It is considered
appropriate for the following applications: industrial source complexes; rural or urban areas;
flat or rolling terrain; transport distances less than 50 kilometers; and one hour to annual
averaging times. It produces output data which is a calculation of concentration values at
discrete "receptor locations" (defined by UTM coordinates (Figure 3.1ft
A limitation of this model has been the difficulty in having to manually plot or "map"
69
-------
the printout of projected concentrations at each receptor so that data can be related to a specific
geographic area. In addition, concentration data in a printout format remains difficult to
interpret. An effort of this project has been to overcome these obstacles through the
development of linkages of the ISC with a GIS so that these processes could be automated.
As a gaussian model it assumes:
- atmospheric concentrations to be directly proportional to emission rate.
-maximum ground level concentration to be the square of the effective height of release.
-the effective height equal to the physical release height plus the plume rise.
-continuous emission in that the duration of emission is equal to or greater than the travel time
to downward "receptor".
The model can account for settling and dry depositions of particulates; downwash area;
line and volume sources; plume rise as a function of downwind distance; separation of point
sources; and limited terrain adjustment.
Input requirements for ISC include:
Source data- location, emission rate, physical stack height, stack gas, exit velocity, stack inside
diameter, and stack gas temperature ; Optional Source data-source elevation, building
dimensions, particle size distribution with corresponding settling velocities, and surface
reflection coefficients; Meteorological data-stability wind rose (STAR deck), average afternoon
mixing height, and average air temperature.
Note: ISCLT can treat stack, volume (e.g. buildings or sheds), or area (e.g. ground level fugitive
emissions) sources.
This model is available as computer code from the U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality
Planning Standards Source-Receptor Analysis Branch's PC bulletin board system (call 919
-541-5561 to obtain information) or as part of UNAMAP (Version 6) on magnetic tape from:
Computer Products
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 487-4650
C. Preliminary Test of ISC-GIS Linkage
For initial analysis purposes, a preliminary test of the ISC model linkage to a GIS was
performed by the NYS Division of Equalization and Assessment's GIS Unit. In this preliminary
study, sample data generated from the ISC model (concentrations at receptors) was mapped
70
-------
.04098^1 . C.O«S42
. 0.051646 .^^"rV!
TINA
,3978 .0.062401
.fc071498 .0.082892
0-071 700 ff76554 .0.079373 . 0.068329
NINHAM
.66131
.0.083236 -*tfTlOC129 .0.12038S
.
.0.073871 . 0.311 ^. 0.121
. 5-1VC23/ .0.128330
.0.054393 . 0.065676-.0.0969 .
2 . C0717?fi .0.107757 \.0.l55911 .O.I9C09H
. 0.0421 »« 7\C.04919
Figure 3.1 Receptors are plotted and assigned concentration values calculated by the
Industrial Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT) model. The CIS contours this
information and overlays the isolines to NYS Department of Transportation
digital road coverage (CLASS Files).
71
-------
.//«.'
^^
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.&i$
Xf'l. .".v1
5Vi".ii*
~~-^*^iil-:-r?^%^/ . >< :-.%- V . /t
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^- " tV--i>" -£^y V./- ^C*
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XT'" - 'f . '-; -^-' f f'jt' I . .
^' - ^jR4^j9fa .. //£
^^» tSr^f ^ * ,' !i- "
^MW-^.-VC; \ S».^ .-*. .'/. . -
*/ -^~^*. t_fm ^»%-» ^*i« 1+ *-- Sc* *
E§fc££35£wM&y ' ^^ '!! ' V?
^:^S^S5: :- J! W'*.'S:-'S*
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'^^v^AJ'«'X\ .-:*' . ^'- * *.? *. " ; f >Jr Is" «*f
^?^*"V-'X " " !^'i"* /.;'*: / >"-^ 'K* "-.
^z*^, 4, ' / ' "?*" jr--"' P^\
TOWN OF ANYWHERE
CONCENTRATION STATIFICAT1ON
OF PARCELS
Figure 3.2
Property parcel "cen-
troids" are assigned
concentration values
by overlaying contour
coverage (Figure 3-0
and performing ARC/INFO
"TINSPOT" command.
Parcels are then color
coded based on concen-
tration ranges.
Concentration > .C2CCOD
Number of pirtfcla sjtedetl - 14i7
Concentration > JOlfiOOO «n
-------
.11
,16
,19
«25 .27
.31
.33 .34 ^5
BEAVER .37
.18
,17
-.29
28
30
.32
.38
.40
.51
i ID *
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
SWIS
132800
132800
132800
132800
132800
132800
132800
132800
132800
132800
SECT10N-BLK-LOT
63570455338600
63570455437900
63570453637600
63570455537100
63570453636900
63570452536300
63570455636200
63570453836200
63570460336100
63570455735500
CONCENTRA10N
1.046476
1 .208287
1 .037532
1 .374568
1 .172532
1 .118633
1 .519144
1 .318173
1.221386
1 .642652
D1ST.FROM SOURCE
275 . 574 me t er s
254.334 meters
260.581 meters
229. 166 meters
241 .325 meters
241 . 159 meters
202.050 meters
218.764 meters
221 .416 meters
1 7Q.R47 -,. ' .. .
Figure 3-3
A printout is generated which
lists concentration values
for properties which surround
the hypothetical source.
Printouts can be generated
which summarize concentration
by land use type, i.e. single
family residences.
-------
(plotted) with a hypothetical siting of the source in the center of Wappinger Falls, N.Y.
(Figures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 ). This test demonstrated the potentials of the GIS software (ARC/INFO)
to:
1. Plot receptor points from an ISC output file of UTM coordinates
2. Assign concentration values generated by the ISC model to those receptor points
3. Contour concentration values at receptor points
4. Overlay the contour coverage with other coverages, i.e. roads, ARLM file property centroids
(Figure 3.1)
5. Assign concentration values to the property centroids and display this information in both
map and printout format (Figures 3.2, 3.3)
D. ISCLT- GIS Linkage: Incineration 2000 Study:
The NYS Division of Equalization and Assessment's GIS Unit generated 33 maps from
ISCLT output data which was supplied to them by the Bureau of Impact Assessment /Meteorolgy,
DEC (see samples: Figures 3.8a, 3.8b, 3.8c ). The 33 maps are projected concentration values
for three contaminates for eleven separate scenarios (Table 1). The value of this conversion is
the transformation of data which is difficult to interpret, i.e. numbers, into a graphic format
(map) that can be readily understood. This process involves extensive number crunching which
would be difficult to perform without the aid of a computer. For instance, to produce one map
the following must happen:
1. 87 files (sources both proposed and existing) each containing 3900 concentration values
(value for each receptor point) must be summed to arrive at a "normalized1 concentration value
for each receptor. This translates out to 339,300 separate addition calculations.
2. The normalized concentration values for each receptor must then be the multiplied by an
emission rate to arrive at a concentration value for each contaminate (3900 individual
multiplication operations).
3. These concentration values must then be contoured. The resultant concentration contour must
then be overlayed with other GIS coverages. See "Steps to Link ISCLT to ARC/INFO".
E. Steps Used to Link ISCLT to ARC/INFO
1. Input requirements are entered into ISCLT to generate 87 files (separate smokestack sources
both existing and proposed sites) containing concentration values for 3900 common "receptor"
coordinates.
2. A "normalized" concentration value is calculated for each receptor by summing values
contained in each of the 87 files (multiple point-source analysis) This "normalized'
concentration file is imported into an ARC/INFO table: NCTABLE (Appendix B-24)
3. A file containing the 3900 Receptor coordinates (UTM) is entered into an INFO table:
RECEPTOR.PAT (Appendix B-22)
74
-------
4. A point coverage of "receptors" is created (ARC/INFO command "GENERATE GRID") from
RECEPTOR.PAT
5. Concentration values for Lead (PB), Cadmium (CD) and Dioxin (TC) are calculated by
multiplying NCTABLE "normalized* concentration by emission rates from each source. These
values are stored in three separate tables: TCTABLE (Appendix B-28), CDTABLE (Appendix B-
26), and PBTABLE (Appendix B-25 ). This process is performed by CALCON.AML (Appendix A-
6).
6. To calculate concentration values for various scenarios, i.e. all existing and proposed
sources, etc., values from each of the three tables: TC, CD, PB are summed based on sources
included in each of the eleven scenarios. See CALCSC (Appendix A-7)
7. "LATGEN" (Appendix A-9) converts the concentrations values for each scenario into a lattice
file.
8. CONGEN (Appendix A-8). Creates contour coverages from the lattice files.
NOTE: The Bureau of Information Systems Development. NYS DEC, adopted the methodologies
which link the ISCLT to a GIS developed in this study. This group completed the GIS mapping for
the "Incineration 2000 Study" in house and was able to expand the number of toxics modeled to
eight, generating 88 maps based on the 11 scenarios listed in Table 1.
75
-------
\
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Figure _,./» Receptors (3900) and sources (87) are plottec and overlaid with county boundaries within "Incir ion
rlnma I n
-------
Figure 3.5 Maps For all sources are generated which display
the road network at the coordinate locations
which were submitted for each source.
Errors can be quickly identified
based on relationship of
to source location. An
AML generated all 8?
in succession.
KlMGSl-a^
rOMTO*
-------
SCENARIO
1 (Existing Sources)
2 (Existing NJ)
3 (Exiting NY)
4 (Existing SSI)
5 (Proposed plus
existing sources)
6 (Proposed plus
existing KY)
7 (Proposed plus
existing KJ)
3 (Proposed SSI)
9 (Proposed nRF)
10 (Proposed Hospitals)
11 (All Proposed combined)
Kinimaa & Kaxisw Concentrations (pg/sr)
Over bcaain for Selected Modeling Scenarios
t
TCDO
NIN
6.1x10-4
1. 2xlO-6
6.0x10-4
2.2xlO'7
1.1x10-3
5.8x10-4
3.5x10-4
9.4xlC-6
9.6 xlO-4
1.1x10-5
9.8x10-4
TCDO
HAS
4.6x10-2
1.7x10-3
4.6x10-2
1.2x10-4
3.8x10-2
3.8x10-2
9.1x10-3
1.5x10-3
2.6x10-2
2.6x10-3
2.6x10-2
CO
NIN
8
0.5
6
3
138
59
53
113
20
0.2
133
CO
wut
1,482
467
1,480
1.462
18.697
18.475
17.940
18,345
536
33
18,683
P8
KIM
203
13
154
57
2,963
1,266
1.131
2.447
399
1.7
2,848
PB
KAX
32,320
10,157
32.281
31.753
405.572
400.776
389.545
398,498
10.732
398
405.249
Cadmium
AfiC:560 pg/ra3
Lead
Std:1.500,000 pg/n3
RRF: Refuse Recovery Incinerators
SSI: Sewage Sludge Incinerators
TABLE 1
-------
_406000
^365400
E
1324800
o
§284200
i_
CM
|243600
o 203000
162400-
121800
81200H
a:
o 40600
390
LEAD
SCENARIO 5
s.
.
«
> ' ^vr J *
FiAf. ^<£Etfiia.
0 I 1560 I 2340 I 3120 I 3900
1170 1950 2730 3510
MIN CONCENTIATION:ttl2.7SIS2t
MAX CONCENTRATION.-405S71.369226
RECEPTOR NUMBER
Figure 3.6 Sample graph which were produced for each senario to display concentration ranges calculated
by the ISC model. These were used to establish concentration ranges for raster maps (see Figure 3-10)
-------
00
o
FROM 3900
PTOR GRID
re 3.7 Triangular Irregular Network "TIN" whi
receptor. This allows the computer to
generated by the CIS from concentration value
tour and create a lattice from concentration var
each
-------
£ CADMIUM
I I I
) IIISMNG MT SOUICIS
Conct-lrillon In PICOGRAMS pr> CUSlC MET!'
540,000
ni
570001
580000
510000
600000
410000
420000
Figure 3.8 Concentration values generated from the ISC model are contoured and overlaid with
-------
" 2 3 7 TCDDiq.
T T "T- T -I" T ~T
rrvrvai SCINAIIO - riorosio t IXISTIMG sovicis
Coftcentfall In riCOClIKIE.»A!kuiir'Vr
$60000
S70i
,001
580000
510000
600^00 110000
20000
^> *>
-------
oo
_, 0.04
*_
I 0.036
| 0.032
o
*»x
I 0.028
>_
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I 0.024
o 0.02
0.016
2378 TCDDeq.
SCENARIO 5
01
nmnnnii!
F "TIT
90 11
70
2340 I 3120 I 3900
1950 2730 3510
MIN CONCENTRATION:!. M1074M2S1
MAX CONCENTKATION:8.03824182221
RECEPTOR NUMBER
Table 2 (see Figure 3.8b)
-------
1 J J TCDDf
-------
INCINERATION 2000
CADMIUM CONTAMINATION
CO
Ul
PICOGRAMS
per
CUBIC METER
Figure 3.10
The conversion from
vector (contour map
to raster, shown
here, resolves the
problem of contour
1ines plotted too
closely together.
This map shows con-
centrations 3 times
the Ambient Guide-
line Concentration
(AGC) for cadmium
(dark red).
-------
Figure 3.}} Concentration values calculated by the ISC model are. displayed as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
-------
NINI6R1P. INC
PATCLIN CHEMICAL CO.. »*,
fOLYCHROME
PRECISION FILM LAB. INC
OLIN CORPORATION
OLIN MATER SERVIC
EDO CORP. 60V. SYS. DIV. / COLL
oo
PFIZER INC.
Cfl-< GAMBLE fcFG. C?.
UN CHEMICAL CORPORATIOhC
ALBERTS PLATING MORKE.
CORPofa/ ION, Sty"° CHROMIUM PLATING CORP
TALS CORP.
Figure 3.12
J
9 !!
1987 TRI
Fac i 1 it ies
within the
Incineration 200
study do-main
1/26/90
Note: Only thote facilities submitting
Lit/Long for the 1987 rtpgrting year
-------
3.3 "Degadis" Atmospheric Dispersion Model
A. Accessing SARA Title III Section 304 "Accidental Release" Data
B. Short Term Release Example: General Electric, Waterford, N.Y.
C. Input Requirements fcr Running Degadis
D. Description of the Process
E. Results
F. Steps for Linking Degadis Model Output to ARC/INFO
A. Accessing SARA Title III Section 304 "Accidental Release" Data
Depending on the circumstances, Section 313 substances which are released during an
accident are reported under the "fugitive" or the "stack" release category of the TRI. If these
releases go off-site they are reportable under Section 304 of SARA (Emergency notification).
Information which is generated by Section 304 of SARA, therefore, can be useful in the analysis
of the TRI. (Note: Limitations exist in that not all TRI chemicals are listed under Section 304 of
EPCRA. In addition, not all accidental releases reportable under Section 304-only when they
exceed the Reportable Quantity for that substance.)
Accidental releases can result in a short term exposure to the community and
environment of relatively high concentrations of toxic chemicals (acute exposure).
Consequently, an exposure assessment should include an estimate of exposure resultant from
these events, analyzed in conjuction with estimates of long term exposures resultant from
routine or long term releases (chronic exposure). As there is often no hard data from
monitoring stations available, it may be necessary to model the accidental release to project
concentrations.
B. Short Term Release Example: General Electric, Waterford, N.Y.
At 4:20 AM on April 15, 1989, an accidential release of 2000-3000 Ibs. of Hydrogen
Chloride Gas. CAS# 7647-01-0 occured at the General Electric Silicones Plant in Waterford,
N.Y. This accidental release was the result of a tube failure in a condenser. The event was
reported under Section 304 of SARA and was selected by this project for use as an example to
evaluate the potentials to model short term accidental releases with the aid of a GIS.
As a dense gas (heavier than air), the NYS DEC Bureau of Impact Assessment/Meteorlogy
(BIAM) recommended the use of the "Degadis" atmospheric dispersion model. Input
requirements for running the Degadis model was gathered by the Bureau of Impact
Assessment/Meteorlogy and was provided to the Center for Environmental Health, NYS
Department of Health who, using Degadis, produced concentration output for 3 time scenarios:
600 seconds after the start of the release; 900 seconds after the start of the release (end of the
release); and 1200 seconds after the start of the release (5 min. after the end of the release).
The concentration outputs for each of the three time scenarios was provided to the State Parks
Management and Research Institute where it was integrated into a GIS (see Steps to Integrate
Degadis with ARC/INFO).
88
-------
C. Input Requirements for Running Degadis
Section 304 of SARA requires facilities to submit a "written follow-up emergency
notice" (40CFR Part 355.40 (b) (3)). These "emergency notices" can be used to access some
of the information which is needed to model an event (date, time, substance, etc.), however, it
may be necessary to contact the facility to obtain other specific information which is needed as
input requirements to Degadis.
The Degadis input for the G.E. Waterford event (spill no. 8900464 ) was as follows:
wind direction: 160 degrees; wind speed: 7.2 meter/sec; air temp 5 C; atmospheric pressure:
1009 mb; stability: D, relative humidity: 75%; height of release: 46 feet above ground;
molecular weight of substance: 36.47; storage temp: 76 C; heat capacity HCL: 6.96 calories
degree mole; release rate: 1.52 kilograms per sec (used 3000 Ibs. release estimate); size of
rupture: 1000 ft.
Meteorological data needed for the Degadis model may be obtained from Local
Climitalogical Data. National Climatic Center, Ashville N.C. This reference records weather data
from weather stations located throughout the U.S. on 3 hour intervals (Data from the National
Weather Service Station at Albany Airport was used as input in this application).
D. Description of the Process
The Degadis model calculates concentration values at a median line from the point of
release. To determine the shape of the plume (concentrations out from the median line) a Pascal
program had to be written which would calculate concentration values at receptor locations
relative to this line (Appendix A-11). This program uses the following formula to determine
these values:
C (x.y.z) = Cc (x) exp [-( /y/ -bfxl )2 - (
Sy(x)
C (x.y.z)= concenration at determined location from release point
b= half width (distance which concentration is uniform from median line)
y= distance from median
x= distance along median
S=standard deviation (distance from half width to outer edge of the plume)
a=coefficient
Above formula from: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, A Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet Chemical Releases. Vol. II. User's
Guide. (EPA-450/4-88-006b), Research Triangle Park NC 277711, April 1988, P. 4
This results in a grid of receptor points (similar to ISCLT in Section 3.2) which can
then be plotted on a GIS; oriented ("rotate" command) based on wind direction at the time of
release; and contoured.
E. Results
39
-------
The results of this model show that the concentration of the HCL plume resultant from
this accidental release exceeded the "Immediately Threatening to Life and Health value (IDLH)
for this substance out as far as the property boundary of the facility, with the Threshold Limit
Value (TLV) exceeded out as far as 1 mile from the point of release (Figure 3.13).
F. Steps to Link Degadis Model Output to ARC/INFO
1. Degadis results entered into 3 dBASE files (concentrations at 100 meter intervals along a
median line, calculated for 3 time scenarios: 600 seconds, 900 seconds, and 1200 seconds)
2. dBase files exported to 3 ASCII files (600 sec, 900 sec, 1200 sec)
3. Run TURBO Pascal program "conc.pas" (Appendix A-11) for each of the 3 ASCII files. This
program:
a) reads the ASCII file of the Degadis Model output
b) computes concentration values for a grid of points within the limits of the plume
c) writes two (2) ASCII files:
File 1 contains the relative (Delta "x", Delta "y") coordinates from the release
source pt.
File 2 contains concentration values for each point in the grid.
4. Run GRID.AML (Appendix A-12) for each of the three time scenarios (600 sec,900
sec,1200 sec). This reads the 3 ASCII coordinate files (File 1) to create 3 point coverages for
each time scenario.
5. Use ARC/INFO "ROTATE" command to orient the generated grid in the opposite direction from
which the prevailing winds were occuring at the time of the accidental release. Use the
accidental release coordinates as the "point of rotation"
6. Run ARC/INFO "BUILD" on the rotated point coverages
7. Create (ARC/INFO "DEFINE" command" )3 empty INFO tables structured with one item for
concentration.
8. Use the "ADD FROM" command in INFO to import the concentration ASCII output files (File
2) into the INFO concentration tables.
9. Use "JOINITEM" command to join the concentration tables with the PAT of the 3 point
coverages created in step 4.
10. Use "ADDITEM" command to add a new item which will hold the integer value of the
concentration. NOTE: The "TIN" subsystem of ARC/INFO can not work with decimal numbers.
Censequently, it is necessary to multiply decimal concentration values by a number which will
convert the database into integer values.
11. Use "ARCTIN" to create a Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) for each time scenario with
the concentration serving as the "z" value.
12. Use "TINCONTOUR" command to create contour line coverages delineating where
90
-------
concentration values exceed the Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) and the
Threshold Limit Value (TLV) values (Note: the IDLH and TLV vary for individual toxic
chemicals)
13. To calculate concentration values at point locations within the path of the plume, i.e.
properties (New York State Assessment Role Levy Module property centroids). use the
TINSPOT" command.
91
-------
IDLH and TLV Contour Lines
with GE V ate r/o r d and
Proposed Inte rpower
Cogeneration Site Parcels
GS Foter/ord Parcel Boundaries
Proposed /nterpower Coaeneration Site
IDLE Contour line
TLV Contour line
Outer Boundary o/ Plume at 600 seconds
Figu 13 Degadis atmospheric dispersion model output
integrated with a/.GIS.
-------
I
v
\ - - c
\
1
I
V
.
I ,
\
\
\
I
\
I
I
Saratoga ARLM Parcel Points
with Outer Boundary of
Ptume at 600 seconds
[T] ARLM Parcel Centroid Points
[AT] Outer Boundary of Plume at 600 seconds
.
r
Figure 3.
-------
*RECNO
17
18
19
27
69
70
71
73
74
76
89
91-
92
94
95
98
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
154
156
157
158
159
161
163
164
182
209
220
240
255
260
267
451
SflRRCONC-ID
36624
36625
36626
36722
36770
36771
36772
36774
36775
36777
38706
38708
38709
38711
38712
38715
38753
38754
38755
38756
58757
38758
38759
38760
38761
38762
38763
38764
38765
38766
38767
38768
38771
38773
38774
38775
38776
38778
38780
38781
38799
38830
38841
39671
39715
39720
60552
63334
CQNC600
0.000001178
0.000000896
0.000001104
0.000001552
0.000000719
0.000000932
0.000000504
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000000911
0.000001600
0.000001498
0.000001102
0.000001735
0.000001798
0.000001101
0.000001240
0.000002403
0.000002199
0.000002098
0.000001991
0.000002205
0.000002302
0.000002209
0.000001442
0.000001905
0.000001732
0.000001995
0.000001901
0.000001701
0.000001791
0.000001702
0.000001505
0.000001604
0.000000806
0.000000996
0.000001203
0.000001300
0.000001001
Q. 000001197
0.000003605
0.000005814
0.000003780
0.000006889
0.000049901
0.000014255
0.000000729
0.000107896
CONC900
0.000001178
0.000000896
0.000001100
0.000001550
0.000000719
0.000000932
0.000000504
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000001600
0.000001498
0.000001102
0.000001735
0.000001798
0.000001101
0.000001240
0.000002407
0.000002199
0.000002196
0.000002063
0.000002204
0.000002294
0.000002205
0.000001442
0.000001905
0.000001732
0.000001995
0.000001901
0.000001702
0.000001791
0.000001702
0.000001505
0.000001604
0.000000806
0.000000992
0.000001203
0.000001300
0.000001001
0.000001197
0.000003609
0.000005809
0.000003781
0.000006830
0.000055981
0.000014655
0.000000729
0.000118324
CONC1200
0.000001178
0.000000896
0.000001100
0.000000726
0.000000719
0.000000932
0.000000504
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000001000
0.000001600
0.000001486
0.000001102
0.000001694
0.000001800
0.000001101
0.000000903
0.000001977
0.000001799
0.000001900
0.000001795
0.000001994
0.000002007
0.000001994
0.000001302
0.000001744
0.000001657
0.000001890
0.000001835
0.000001641
0.000001699
0.000001706
0.000001404
0.000001600
0.000000806
0.000000992
0.000001202
0.000001302
0.000001005
0.000001097
0.000002202
0.000003800
0.000002048
0.000000599
0.000000200
.000000000
0.000000729
0:000000231 *
Figure 3-15 Concentration values of HCL at property parcel "centroids"
at 10 min., 15 min., and 20 min. -is a parcel owned by G.f
(see Figure 3.13)
94
-------
3.4 Conclusion
The integration of the ISCLT and Degadis atmospheric dispersion models with a GIS
provides for the ability to automate the process of projecting toxic concentration levels
calculated by these models to populations and ecosystems which surround Section 313 facilities.
In addition, as the GIS can present this information in both map and printout format, it can be
presented in a manner which can be readily interpreted by investigators.
The combined use of a short term model like Degadis with a long term model like ISCLT
on a GIS, can provide for an exposure assessment which includes concentration calculations
resultant from routine releases as well as acute exposure which may have resulted from
accidental releases. These coverages can be combined through GIS overlay to provide a composite
map of a facility's releases.
For the most part, facilities which are reporting "stack" or "point" emissions under
Section 313 of SARA, are also subject to the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (DEC) air permit requlations. DEC maintains this permit data in the "Air
Pollution Source Management System" which resides on a NYS Office of General Services
mainframe computer in Albany. This database provides access to additional information on a
facility which is needed as input requirements to E.P.A.'s "Industrial Source Complex (ISC)
Dispersion Model: stack height, emission rate, stack gas exit velocity, stack inside diameter,
source elevation and stack gas temperature. The availability of this information will facilitate
any future risk assessments of Section 313 releases.
95
-------
APPENDIX
-------
PROGRAM STRIPSTATE
12
15
11
17
PROGRAM STRIPSTRTE
CHARACTER*? STATE,UANTEO
CHARACTER*?© STATEFILE
CHARACTER*! LINE(358)
EQUIUALEMCE (LINE(16J.STATE)
URITE (1, ) 'PLEASE ENTER THE
READ (1, 17) UANTED
TUO LETTER ABElREU. FOR THE STATE
STflTEFILE
open (10.
open (11,
DO 12 J =
KEAO (10,
IF (STATE
J = 2
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
close (10,
CLOSE (11,
FORMAT
FORMAT
stop
end
- 'TRI>'//UANTED//'.DATA'
file- 'tri>TRI.DATA', status'
file* STflTEFILE, status- 'neu')
1,5
11,END- 1?) LINE
.£0. UANTED) URITE (11, 11) LINE
'old')
status"
STATUS-
(358(A1))
(fl2)
'old'
'NEW
A-1
-------
PROGRflH STRIPREC
PROGRAM STR1PKEC
CHARACTER*! RECTYPE
CHARACTER*! LINE(35B)
CHARACTER*30 STRIPFILE
EQUIVALENCE (LINE(1).RECTYPE)
WRITE (1, ) 'PLEASE ENTER THE
FILENAME YOU UISH TO STRIPi
READ 1, 19) STRIPFILE
OPEN 10, FILE- 'TRI>'//STRIPFILE, STATUS 'OLD
open 11. fHe- 'tr 1>RT1 . DATA' , status*-! 'neu' )
OPEN 12. FILE" 'TRI>RT2.DATA', STATUS- 'NEU')
OPEN 13, FILE- 'TRI>RT3.DATA'. STATUS- 'NEU')
OPEN 14, FILE- 'TRI>RT4.DATA', STATUS- 'NEU')
OPEN 15, FILE- 'TRI>RT5.DATA', STATUS- 'NEU')
-
DO 12 J = 1.5
READ (10, ll.END-
IF (RECTYPE .EQ. '
URITE (11, 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
URITE (12. 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
URITE (13, 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
- - URITE (14, 11)
ELSE IF (RECTYPE .
URITE (15. 11)
ELSE
15) LINE
1') THEN
LINE
EQ. '2') THEN
LINE
EQ. '3') THEN
LINE
EQ. '4') THEN
LINE
EQ. '5') THEN
LINE
URITE (1, ) 'RECORD TYPE NOT 1 THRU 5'
12
15
11
19
END IF
J - 2
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
close (10, status-
CLOSE (11. STATUS-
CLOSE (12, STATUS-
-- CLOSE- (13, STATUS-
CLOSE (14, STATUS-
CLOSE (15. STATUS-
FORMAT (358(A1))
FORMAT (A30)
stop
end
'old' )
'NEU'
'NEU'
'NEU'
'NEU'
'NEU'
A-2
-------
/ STRIPPTS.flHL
/
/ Read* each point from the file TRI .00 and
/ selects all points that exist at that coordinate.
/ It then deletes all but, one point, and urites a record
/ to a file IOCHANGE.TRI for each point it deleted.
/ IDCHANGE.TRI has tuo fields, DELID which is the id of the
/ point deleted, and NEUID uhich is the neu shared id of
/ that point.
/
&seuer i ty Serror ^routine problem
&if [close -all] *- 0 &then &ca!1 problem
editc tri
editf label
coo key
/
/ Assign file names and open all files to be used
&s ddf i 1e -
&s chf 1 le -
tri . dd
idasc. tr i
&s ddumt » [open JCddfileX stat -r]
&s chunit [open SchfileX stat -u]
&s ctr 1
&s rec " [read KddunitX eof]
&do Suntll ieofX. - 102
&s long [before XrecX ' ']
Ss lat - [after JrecX ' ']
sel box
klongiE.KIatK
XlongX.XIetX
Its numsel - [show number select]
&if XnumseU > 1 &then
&do
&s counter > I
&do &uhtle Xcounter* <- XnumselX
&s ptrecXcounterX » [show select XcounterX]
&s pt idXcounterX - [shou label [ualue ptrecXcounter/S] id]
&if ZcounterX > 1 &then
&do
&s outrec - [ualue pt idKcounter '/."] ,!!pt idl«
&if [urite XchunitX %outrecX] *- 0 &then &call problem
iend
&s counter ^counter* * 1
Send
unselect $id XptidlX
delete
Send
&s rec - [read XddunitX eof]
&s ctr fcctrX * I
&end / Sdo {.until XeofX - 102
&s ctr JSctrX - 1
&type Total records read from original file uas
/
/ Close all files and end if no problems so far
&if [close XddunttX]
0 fit hen ScaTl problem
0 &then &call problem
&lf [close XchunitX]
Sreturn
&routine problem
&if [close XddunitX] "< 0 &then Ktype problem closing
&if [close XchunltX] *- 0 &then &type problem closing
&return< &return &error Bailing out of str ippts. am I due to error.
A-3
-------
/ MBKETEnP.flflL
/«
/ Must run from ARC' prompt. Creates template centered on given x.y coori
/ Template ulll haue .5 mile concentric rings starting at 1 mile. then 1
/ etc. Slices uill be made at 15 degree intervals. Uhen specifying maxdl-
/ make It rounded UP to be divisible by 5, and enter in miles.
/
&args cover x y maxdist
&if [null Kcover*] | [null *xX] | [null XyX] | [null Knaxd istX] Sthen &ret
Usage' JlflKETENP «.x_coord>
&seuer I ty Ser-ror ^routine problem
&lf [exists XcoverX -cover] &then
Sreturn Suarning XcouerX already exists, balling out...
&if [exists temptemp -cover] Jit hen kill temptemp all
copy template temptemp
/
/* Move the template (arcs and labels) to center on facility coord.
/ r
arcedlt
editc temptemp
editf arcs
set all
coo key
move
1 ,41500,4459500
editf label
sel all
move
1 ,41500.4459500
save
quit
build temptemp poly
/
/ Create generate file, then generate cover CIRCS uhich uill be
/ a series of concentric circles around the facility at .5 mile
/ Intervals, starting uith a 1 mile circle.
/
Sif [exists circfile.gen -file] &then &s stat [delete c ircf I le. gen]
&s radius 1
&s funlt [open cl rcf i le. gen ostat -u]
&s ctr 1
&do {.uhile XradlusX le KmaxdistX
/ 1609 Is the multiplier to convert miles to meters
&s cradius - XradiusK 1609
&s rec XctrX.XxZ, XyX.XcradiusZ
&if [write %funit2! XrecX] A- 0 6 then Sea 11 problem
&s radius - XradlusK * .5
&s ctr - JCctrX * 1
Send
&s rec end
&if [urite XfunitX XrecX] '- 0 8, then Kcall problem
&if [close XfunitX] '* 0 Si then {.call problem
& i f [exi;t» circ: -cover] &then kill circs all
generate circs
input circfile.gen
c 1 re les no labels
quit
-------
buiId cires po ly
createlabels circs
buiId c I res po ly
add Item circs.pat circs.pat zone 4 4 c
/ Interactive attribute tagging for item zones In Cover CIRCS
arcedlt
editc circs
draue arc label on
editf label
drau
&s another - .true.
&s cont .false.
coo mouse
(do &uhi le " XcontX
&do &uhtle XanotherX
&type \\Select a zone to be tagged,
sel
&s val [response 'Enter Zone value (RETURN to stop this zone)']
&1f * [null XualX] &then
&do
&s val - [quote XvalX]
move item XualX to zone
Send
&s another - [query 'Tag another Zone (Y or N)' .false.]
Send
&s cont [query 'Save data and continue (Y or N)' .false.]
&end
save
quit
/ Create cover INNER uith 1 circle of inner radius
Slf [exists inner -cover] &then kill inner all
&s inner .5 1609
generate Inner
circles
l,XxX,XyX,XinnerX
end
quit
buiId inner poly
/ overlay circs uith template
&if [exists temptempZ -cover] Sthen kill temptempZ all
Identity circs temptemp temptempZ poly
/* erase out inner zone, and create cover
erase temptempZ inner XcoverX poly
add item XcoverX.pat XcoverX.pat sector 8 8 c
/ INFO section to concatenate zone and slice In XcoverX.PPT
tts upcover » [translate XcoverX]
&data arc Info
ARC
SEL XUPCOUERX.PHT
CONCBTENflTE SECTOR FROM ZONE,'-',SLICE
RESEL XUPCOUERX-ID - 0
RESEL XUPCOUERXtt NE 1
nOUE 'INNER' TO SECTOR
Q STOP
Send
/ Delete and Kill all temp files and coverages
kill temptemp all
kill temptempZ all
kill circs al 1
kill inner all
&s stat [delete cIrcf1le.gen]
Sreturn
/ Routine Problem
^routine problem
ireturn; ^return {.error Bailing out of nflKETEMP due to error...
A-l» (continued)
-------
/
/
/ Allows one-to-many and many-to-one queries to be made In RRCPLOT
/ between a coverage PAT or AAT (utth one record per feature) and
/« a related INFO table (with many records related to only one record In
/ coverage PAT or AAT).
/
/ Urltten by« Larry Spraker, State Parks Management & Research Instltut
/ Last Revision^ 1/30/90 - ... ---- .......
/
&args cower rfile option 1 terns i rest
&lf XopttonX ne list and XoptlonX ne dray | [null XcoverX] | [null Xrflli
Kreturn Kuarning -
Usage> HOUERY {item list)
-*sewer-ity Serror-Sroutine prob-lem -----------
&tf * [variable . cnqurr] &then
&do
Sif * [exists fea.sel -info] fit then
(system arc.copyinfo template. fea fea.sel
relate restore XcoverX . rel
&» rmqtM'r-- -.-true. -- ------------- ~~^^^^m
Send
&type \\Kll1ing temporary ftlei Pea, please uait...\
&system arc kill fea info
&type \\Contlnulng utth nOUERY...\\
&s done .false.
-Sdo iuhile » XdoneX --- - - ...... --------
&type \\
&s selcmnd - [response 'Selection coriimand']
&if [null XselcmndX] &then
&s done .true.
&else _
[unqaote XseJcmndX] - - - ----- -------- -----
Send
&type \\
-&lf * [query 'Continue utth flQUERY (Y or N)' .false.] &then
&do
&type \\Aborttng MQUERY...
--- &me»sages -&on -------- -
&return
Send
&if XoptionX - list &then
&do
Infoflle XcoverX point fea.sel XcoverX-ld
&messaqes &off - -
resel XrflleX point XcoverX-ld - XcoverXrea/XXcoutrr X- i .1
Smessages Son
&if [null XttemsX] &then
list XrfileX point
&else
-M4t XrftleX point XitemsX -: ...
Send
&else
&do
infoflle XrflleX point fea.sel XcoverX-ld
&messages &off
resel XcowerX point XcoverX-ld - Xcover Xf eo//Xcovcr X- i d
&inessages Son
points XcouerX
&end - - -
A- 5
-------
/ CALCON.AHL
/* THIS AML CALCULATES CONCENTRATION VALUES IN THREE SEPARATE TABLES:
/* TCTABLE CDTABLE PBTABLE
/* THE CONCENTRATION EQUALS NORMALIZED CONCENTRATION (NOTABLE) TIMES
/* THE EMISSION RATES FOUND IN THE THREE SUB-ROUTINES.
SWATCH CALCON.WATCH
SECHO SON
TABLES
RELATE ADD
NCV
NOTABLE
INFO
ID
ID
LINK
[UNQUOTE ' ']
5DO CON &LIST PB CD TC
SCALL X%CON%
SEL %CON«TABLE
&S UNIT [OPEN SOURCE.LIST OK -READ]
&DO CNT o 1 &TO 86
SS ITEM [READ %UNIT% OK]
CALC %ITEM% = NCV//«ITEM% * [VALUE %ITEM%]
SEND /* DO 86 TIMES.
&S OK [CLOSE %UNIT%]
SEND /* DO LIST LOOP.
Q STOP
SECHO SOFF
&WATCH &OFF
SRETURN
SROUTINE XTC
SS SI = 0.442820
SS S2 = 0.523470
SS S3 = 0.133680
SS S4 = 0.133680
SS S5 « 0.157010
SS S6 = 0.236190
SS S101 = 0.000057
SS S102 ° 0.000027
SS S103 = 0.000024
SS S104 = 0.000107
SS S105 = 0.000027
SS S106 = 0.000052
SS S107 = 0.000044
SS S108 = 0.000026
SS S109 = 0.000020
SS S110 ° 0.000005
SS Sill ° 0.000011
SS S112 = 0.000061
SS S113 = 0.002060
SS S114 = 0.000071
SS S115 = 0.001130
SS S116 = 0.000131
SS S117 = 0.000025
SS S118 = 0.000048
SS S119 = 0.000018
SS S120 = 0.000077
SS S121 = 0.000034
SS S201 = 0.000149
A-6
-------
&S S202
&S S203
&S S601
SS S602
&S S603
&S S604
&S S605
SS S606
SS S607
&S S608
&S S609
SS S610
&s sen
&S S612
SS S613
SS 5614
SS S615
SS S616 *
SS S702
&S S801 *
SS S1001
SS S1002
SS S1003
SS S1004
SS S1005
SS S1006
SS S1007
SS S1008
SS S1009
SS S1010
SS S1101
SS S1102
SS S1103
SS S1104
SS S1105
&S S1106
SS S1107
SS S1108
SS S1201
&S S1202
SS S1203
SS S1204
&S S1205
tS S1206
SS S1207
SS S1208
SS S1501
SS S1502
SS S1503
&S S1504
SS S1505
SS S1506
SS S1701
SS S1702
SS S1703
4S S1704
SS S1705
SS S1707
SRETURK
SROUTINE
» 0
- 0
= 0
o 0
a 0
= 0
000019
000173
0.000108
0.000020
000074
0.000136
0.000037
000005
0.000103
0.000012
0.000372
0.000026
0.000335
000053
0.000039
0.000387 ,
000046
0.000386
0.000081
0.000000
0.203120
0.135420
0.135420
0.203120
0.203120
0.067032
0.073124
0.067709
0.067709
0.067709
0.000316
0.000764
0.000193
0.000332
000110
000672
000145
019372
0.002182
0.000247
000462
0.001779
0.001385
000272
000260
000336
203140
101560
152340
152340
097500
088021
= 0.000311
= 0.000357
= 0.000808
= 0.004118
= 0.000107
= 0.000457
XCD
0.
0.
0.
0.
= 0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
A-6 (continued)
-------
as SI = 2853.899900
as S2 = 3373.599850
as S3 = 861.479736
as S4 = 861.479736
&S S5 o 3261.999760
as S6 = 1522.099850
0.822540
0.390870
0.346430
1.528OOO
0.379640
0.739020
0.632730
0.369510
0.290190
0.069752
0.161670'
0.877590
29.465988
1.012400
16.165985
1.875400
0.355590
0.690940
0.263210
1.108500
0.493530
1793.599850
228.419998
2072.599850
3.103000
0.577070
2
1
1
as S101 >
as S102 '
as S103 '
as S104 '
as S105 '
&S S106 '
&S S107 '
&S S108 '
as S109 '
as S110 '
IS Sill '
as S112 '
as S113 '
as sii4 '
&S S115 '
&S S116 '
&S S117 '
as SUB '
as S119 '
as si20 '
as si2i
as S20i i
as S202 '
as S203 '
as S60i
as S602 <
as S603 >
as S604 i
as S605 '
as S606 '
as S607 '
as S608
as S609
as S6io
as sen
as S612
as S613
as S614 <
as S615 '
as S616 '
as S702 '
as ssoi
as siooi
as sioo2
as S1003
as S1004
as sioos
as siooe
as sioo7
as SIOOB
as sioo9
as sioio
as snoi
105800
948799
052899
0.131610
2.951099
0.334090
10.630000
0.744110
9.582399
1.528700
1.103499
11.085999
1.306000
11.054999
977.539795
0.000000
4219.898440
2813.299800
2813.299800
4219.898440
4219.898440
1392.599850
1519.199710
1406.599850
1406.599850
1406.599850
4.517700
as S1102 - 10.933000
A-6 (continued)
-------
&S S1103 - 2.763700
'fiS S1104 » 4.750199
1.579300
9.620000
2.077899
277.129883
26186.996100
2965.599850
5539.496090
21356^000000
16617.996100
3263.999760
3114.
4028.
799800
700200
4219.898440
2110.000000
3164.899900
3164.899900
2025.599850
1828.599850
3730.300050
4289.796870
9698.796870
49426.000000
1287.000000
5483.500000
&S S1105
&S S1106
&S S1107
SS S1108
&S S1201
&S S1202
SS S1203
SS S1204
SS S1205
SS S1206
SS S1207
&S S1208
SS S1501
SS S1502
SS S1503
SS S1504
SS S1505
SS S1506
SS S1701
SS S1702
SS S1703
SS S1704
&S S1705
&S S1707
4RETURN
(ROUTINE XPB
SS SI = 83397.937500
&S S2 = 98586.937500
&S S3 - 25175.996100
&S S4 o 25175.996100
&S S5 = 65362.988300
&S S6 = 44447.996100
SS S101 o 8.669399
&S S102 " 4.119699
&S S103 = 3.651299
&S S104 = 16.104996
&S S105 = 4.001300
6S S106 o 7.789100
&S S107 = 6.668799
&S S108 = 3.894600
&S S109 = 3.058599
&S S110 *> 0.735160
&S Sill » 1.704000
&S S112 = 9.249599
&S S113 = 310.559814
&S S114 ° 10.669999
&S S115 = 170.389999
&S S116 a 19.765991
&S 5117 = 3.747800
&S S118 = 7.282300
&S 5119 ° 2.774199
SS 5120 = 11.684000
6S 5121 = 5.201600
iS S201 = 38961.000000
iS 5202 = 4961.699220
SS S203 = 45021.996100
SS 5601 o 327.039795
SS S602 = 60.819000
A-6 (continued)
-------
as S603
&S S604 =
CS S60S -
&S S606 «
&S S607 «
&S S608 -
6S S609 =
&S S610 =
SS S611 <>
&S S612 «
SS S613 «
&S S614 *
SS S615 =
SS S616 =
&S S702 -
&S S801 =
&S S1001
SS S1002
&S S1003
6S S1004
&S S1005
&S S1006
&S S1007
&S S1008
&S S1009
&S S1010
SS S1101
&S S1102
as SH03
&S S1104
6S S1105
6S S1106
&S S1107
6S S1108
&S S1201
&S S1202
&S S1203
&S S1204
&S S1205
&S S1206
&S S1207
&S S1208
&S S1501
&S S1502
&S S1503
&S S1504
&S S1S05
&S S1506
SS S1701
&S S1702
SS S1703
SS S1704
SS S170S
SS S1707
(RETURN
221.940002
20.539993
110.969986
13.870999
311.030029
35.210983-
1120.399900
78.424988
1009.899660
161.120000
116.299988
1168.399900
137.639999
1165.199950
21233.996100
0.000000
» 84556.'937500
56370.996100
56370.996100
= 84556.937500
84556.937500
- 27904.000000
= 30441.000000
= 28186.000000
» 28186.000000
' 28186.000000
= 47.614990
115.239990
* 29.128998
» 50.065994
16.645004
= 101.389999
= 21.899994
= 2920.899900
» 568830.000000
= 64418.968700
= 120329.937000
= 463900.000000
' 360989.937000
> 70900.937500
> 67659.937500
> 87512.000000
' 84556.937500
* 42277.996100
> 63417.968700
* 63417.968700
' 40587.000000
36641.000000
= 81030.000000
> 93185.000000
> 210680.000000
1073599.000000
= 27954.996100
= 119109.937000
A-6 (continued)
-------
'/* CALCSC
/* THIS AML ADDS THE CONCENTRATION VALUES GENERATED IN CALCON.AML AND
/* STORES THEM IN SCTABLE. SCTABLE CONTAINS 33 ITEMS TO HOLD THE SCENARIO
/* VALUES FOR ALL 11 SCENARIOS FOR 3 CONTAMINANTS.
&DATA ARC INFO
SCO CON &LIST TC CD PB
SEL %CON%TABLE
REL SCTABLE ID LINK
&S CI $1%CON%SCEN
CALC %CI%1 a SI 4- S2 + S3 4- S4 4- S5 + S6 4- S101 4- S102 + S103 + S104 + S105
CALC %CI%1 - %CI%1 4- S106 4- S107 4- S108 -t- S109 4- S110 -t- Sill + S112 4- S113
CALC %CI%1 a %CI%1 + S114 4- S115 + S116 4- S117 4- S118 4- S119 4- S120 4- S121
CALC %CI%1 a %CI%1 4- S201 -I- S202 + S203 + S601 + S602 + S603 -t- S604 + S605
CALC %CItl a %CI%1 + S606 + S607 + S608 + S609 + S610 + S611 4- S612 + S613
CALC %CI*1 - %CI%1 + S614 + S61S + S616 + S702
CALC %CI%2 a S601 <+ S602 -I- S603 + S604 + S605 + S606 4- S607 + S608 -I- S609
CALC *CI%2 a %CI%2 + S610 + S611 + S612 + S613 + S614 + S615 + S616 4- 5
CALC %CI%3 - SI 4- S2 4- S3 + S4 + S5 4- S6 4- S101 + S102 + S103 -I- S104 +
%CI%3 + S106 + S107 4- S108 + S109 4- S110 4- Sill 4- S112 4-
%CI%3 4- S114 4- S115 4- S116 4- S117 4- SUB 4- S119 4- S120 4- Sl«.
%CI%3 + S201 4- S202 4- S203
S201 4- S202 4- S203 4- S702
S5 4- S6 4- S101 4- S121 4- S201 4- S202 4- S203 4- S601 4- S602 + S603
+ S605 4- S606 4- S607 4- S608 4- S609 4- S610 4- S611
S613 4- S614 4- S615 4- S616 + S702 4- S1001 4- S1002
4- S1005 4- S1006 4- S1007 + S1008 4- S1009
4- S1102 4- S1103 4- S1104 4- S1105 4- S1106
S1201 4- S1202 4- S1203 4- S1204 4- S1205
S1208 4- S1501 + S1502 4- S1503 4- S1504
4- S1701 4- S1702 4- S1703 4- S1704
%CI%5 4- S604
%CI%5 4- S612 H
%CI%5 4- S1003
%CI%5 4- S1010
%CI%5
%CI%5 4-
S5 4- S6
%CI%6 4-
CALC %CI%3 '
CALC %CI*3 '
CALC %CI%3 >
CALC %CI%4 <
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC %CI%5
CALC *CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC %CI%6
CALC *CI%7
CALC %CI%7
CALC %CI%7
CALC %CI%7
CALC %CI%8
CALC %CI«8
CALC %CI%9
CALC %CI%9
CALC %CI%9
CALC %CI%10
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
CALC %CI%11
6END /* DO LIST LOOP
Q STOP
SEND /* DATA STATEMENT
&RETURN
4- S1004
4- S1101
%CI%5 + S1107 4- S1108
%CI%5 4- S1206 + S1207
4- S1505 4- S1506
4- S1705 4- S1707
4- S101 4- S121
S1003 4- S1004
4- S201 4- S202 4- S203 4- S1001 4- S1002
S1101
S1108
S1206 + S1207
S1005
-t- S1102
+ S1201
+ S1208
S1006
S1103
S1202
+ S1007
+ S1104
+ S1203
-t- S1008
+ S1105
-t- S1204
%CI%6 4- S1010
%CI%6 + S1107
%CI%6
S601 4- S602 + S603 4- S605 4- S606 4- S607 4- S608 4- S609 +
%CI%7 + S611 4- S612 4- S613 4- S614 4- S615 4- S616 4- S702
+ S1009
+ S1106
+ S1205
S610
%CI%7 4- S1501 4-
%CI%7 4- S1702 4-
S1201 4- S1202
%CI%8 4- S1701 +
S1001 4- S1002 +
%CI%9 + S1009 4-
%CI%9 4- S1505 4-
S1101 4- S1102 4-
S1502
S1704
4- S1203
S1702
S1003
S1010 4- S1501 +
S1506
S1103
4- S1503 4- S1504
4- S1705 4- S1707
4- S1204 4- S1205
4- S1703 4-
4- S1004 4-
S1704
S1005
S1502
+ S1505 + S1506
+ S604 + S1703
+ S1206 + S1207
+ S170S + S1707
+ S1006 + S1007
+ S1503 + S1504
+ S1701
+ S1208
+ S1008
S1001 + S1002 + S1003
4- S1104
4- S1004
4- S1105 4- S1106
4- S1005 4- S1006
4- S1107
4- S1007
%CI%11 +
%CI%11 *
%CI%11 +
%CI%11 +
%CII11 +
S1009
S1106
S1205
S1504
S1705
4- S1010 4- S1101
4- S1107 4- S1108
S1206 4- S1207
S1108
S1008
4-
S1505 4- S1506
4- S1707
4- S1102 4- S1103 4- S1104 4- S1105
4- S1201 4- S1202 4- S1203 4- S1204
4- S1208 4- S1501 + S1502 4- Slf>03
+ S1701 4- S1702 4- S1703 4- 4
A-7
-------
/* CONGEN
/* THIS AML CREATES CONTOUR COVERAGES FROM THE LATTICE FILES.
^SEVERITY fiERROR &IGNORE
SS PBINT 660,200,650,640,050,7990,8500,9000,210,9,8050
&S CDZNT 30,10,30,30,370,370,30,380,10,1,370
&S TCINT 9.097,.4,9.09,.024,7.425,7.404,1.752,.4,4.955,.6,5.055
&DO CON &LIST TC PB CD
SDO CNT SLIST 123456789 10 11
LATTICECONTOUR<%CON%LAT%CNT% %CON%CONT%CNT%-
[EXTRACT %CNT% [VALUE %CON*INT]] 0 %CON%SCEN%CNT%
SEND /* CNT
SEND /* CON
4RETURN
A-8
-------
'/* LATGEN
RELATE ADD
PTS
SCTABLE
INFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
[UNQUOTE ' '] *
fiDO CON &LIST TC CD PB
fiDO CUT &LIST 123456789 10 11
ARCTIM RECEPTOR %CON%TIN%CNT% POINT PTS//%CON%SCEN%CNT%
TINLATTICE %CON*TIN*CNT% %CON%LAT%CNT% SMOOTH
65 60
558000 4482000
1000 1000
&SYS DELETE %CON%TIN%CNT% -NQ -RPT
&END /* CNT
SEND /* CON
&RETURN
A-9
-------
/* TAB
ARCPLOT
RELATE ADD
RELNC
NCTABLE
IKFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
RELTC
TCTABLE
INFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
RELCD
CDTABLE
INFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
RELPB
PBTABLE
INFO
RECEPTOR-ID
RECEPTOR-ID
LINK
[UNQUOTE ' ']
6S OK [DELETE TABULATIONS.DATA -FILE]
&S WUNIT [OPEN TABULATIONS.DATA OKOW -WRITE)
&S RUNIT [OPEN SOURCE.LIST OKOR -READ)
&IF %OKOW% NE 0 &THEN SRETURN WRITE=%OKOW%
SIF %OKOR% NE 0 &THEN S RETURN READ=%OKOR%
SDO CNT = 1 &TO 86
&S SOUR [READ %RUNIT% OK]
&DO CON &LIST NC TC PB CD
STATISTICS RECEPTOR POINT
MAX REL%CON%//%SOUR*
END
RESELECT RECEPTOR POINT REL%CON*//*SOUR% = [SHOW STATISTIC 1 1]
fiS ANSI%CON% [SHOW SELECT RECEPTOR POINT 1 ITEM RECEPTOR-ID]
&S ANSC%CON% [SHOW STATISTIC 1 1)
CLEARSELECT
SEND /* DO LIST
&S OK [WRITE %WUNIT% [QUOTE %SOUR%,%ANSINC%,%ANSCNC%,%ANSITC%,%ANSCTC%
%ANSIPB%,%ANSCPB%,%ANSICD%,%ANSCCD%]]
(END /* DO 1 TO 86 LOOP
&S OK [CLOSE %RUNIT%]
&S OK [CLOSE %WUNIT%]
QUIT
(RETURN
A-10
-------
program cone ;
eonat
numitetns = SO;
var
adist : array Cl. -numi terns] of integer;
aeonc : array [1. .numitems] of real;
ahw : array Cl. .numitems] of real:
aay : array [1. .numitems] of real;
dist.bigdiff .litdiff : integer;
eone.Viewconc.hw.sy.y.diff . adder. pet : real:
inf ile. eoordout. eoncout : text;
i. J.k, hi. lo. mid. start.distinc. target. yinc : integer;
strdist : string[4];
strcone : stringCll];
strhw : stringCS];
strsy : string[&];
stry : stringCS];
ree : stringC22];
done : boolean;
Procedure bseareh;
begin
lo := 1;
hi :» numitems;
while lo <= hi do
begin
mid := (lo + hi) div 2;
if adistCmid] < target then
begin
lo :=mid+l;
mid:=lo;
end
else if target < adistCmid] then
hi:amid-l
else
hi := lo - 1;
end; (while)
end;
begin (main program)
assign ( inf lie. 'conc!20O. esc' ) ;
reset (infile);
assign (eoordout . ' eoord!2OO. out ' ) ;
rewrite (eoordout);
assign (concout .' conc!2QO. out ');
rewrite (concout);
writelnC Enter distance increment along centerline (in meters)- !
readln (distine) -.
writelnC Enter distance increment away from centerline (in meters)- 1'-
readln (yinc) ;
l:=l!
readln(inf ile.rec) ;
while not eof(infile) do
begin
readln (infile. strdist. strcone. strhw. strsy) :
vaKstrdist.adistCi]. J) ;
vol ( strcone. aconeCi]. J) ;
val (strhw, ahwCl], J) i
val ( strsy, asyCi], J) ;
end;
close (inf He) ; A~ 1 1
-------
Beonellj:= 0.0;
anwCl]:=O.O; "-adist [l] :-1
asy[l]:=0.0;
dist:=adi3t[l];
while (dist <= adistCnumitems]) do
begin
target := dist;
bsearch;
if (dist = adistCmid]) then
begin
" cone :=aconeC mid];
hw:=ahu[mid];
sy:=asyCmid]:
end
else
begin
bigdiff:sadistCfflidJ-edistCmid-1];
' litdiff:Bdiat-BdistCmid-l];
pet: = litcJiTf/bigdiff;
dirf:=aconc[mid]-aconc[mid-l];
adder:=diff"pet;
cone: =aconc C mid-1 ] redder;
diff:=ahuCmid]-ahu[mid-l];
adder:=diff"pet;
hw: =ahwCoiid-1 ]+adder;
difr:=asyCmld]-asyCmid-l];
adder:=dif f"pet:
sy:=osy[mid-1]+adder;
end;
y:»O.Q;
done := false;
while (y <= (hu-t-sy)) and (not done) do
begin
if y a (hw+sy) then
done := true;
ir y <= hw then
neweonc:=conc
else
neweone:=eone'exp(-sar((y-hw)/sy));
str(neweonc:11:10.strcone);
str(dist:&.strdist);
if y = O then
begin
writeln(eoneout.strcone);
writeln(coordout,'0.0'.'.'.strdist);
end
else
begin
str(y:8:2.stry);
writeln(concout.strcone) ;
writeln(coordout.stry. ' . ' . strdist) ;
str(-y:8:2.stry);
writeln(concout.strcone) ;
uriteln(coordout.stry.'.'.strdist);
end;
y :=y*yinc;
if y > (hw+sy) then
y:=hw+sy;
end; {while y <=hu)
dist := dist + distinc;
end; (while dist <= edist...}
close(concout);
close(coordout);
end.
A-11 (continued)
-------
/ GRID.HHL '
/
/ Read; the relative coordinates for a grid of p
/ front an ASCII file and adds each point- to the coverage
/ relative from the fixed coordinate representing the
/ facility from uhich the release came.
/
(severity (error (routine problem
&if [close -all] - 0 &then &call problem
'
, / Assign file names and open all files to be used
/
j &s cooffle - coord!200.out
, Ss coounit " [open XcoofileZ stat -r]
/
/ Loop thru, reading each record from data file, strip out
j / record type, then urite record to proper rectype file
! /«
I &s ctr = 1
, &s rec = [read XcoounitK eof]
coo key relative
&do &unti1 XeofX - 102
&s dx - [before XrecJS ',']
&s dy - [after XrecJT',']
&s dx - [trim XdxX]
&s dy = [trim %dy%]
add
2 x> 608638 4741068
1 XdxX XdyX
900
&s rec = [read StcoounttX eof]
&s ctr - XctrX * 1
| Send / &do {.until «eof% 102
'. save
. &c ctr JSctriC - 1
1 &type Total records read from original file uas Xcir^.
/
i/* Close all files and end if no problems so far
1 '
'&if [close Xcoounitfc] ** 0 &then &call problem
I coo mouse
j &return
.{routine problem
!&if [close JicoounitX] *- 0 &then &type problem closing '/.coof \ ]e'/.
i coo mouse
&returni Sreturn &error Bailing out of GRID.ami due to error...
A-12
-------
DBTAFILE NAME: DECSEHO.PAT
38 ITEMSi STARTING IN POSITION
9/
COL
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
48
88
113
128
133
163
173
177
202
209
219
226
232
238
244
250
252
253
261
265
289
327
331
335
339
343
358
253
253
253
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERinETER
DECSEMO*
DECSEMO-ID
DECQUADStt
DECQUflDS-ID
DECCDtt
DECCO-ID
OECtt
DEC-ID
KEY
FNAME
STREET
CITY
ZIP
CONTACT
PHONE
SIC
RCU STREAM
POTU_SPDES
OIRFflCIL
SPDES
LAT
LON
TRILAT
TRILON
SUIS
SCARRY
HUC
CD
OUADNAME
COUNTY
NYRRft
DISTANCE
NYSEMOtt
NYSEMO-ID
RNAME
REGION
» REDEFINED
HUC>2
HUO4
HUC»6
UOTH
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
40
25
15
5
30
10
4
25
7
10
7
6
6
6
6
2
1
8
4
24
38
4
4
4
4
15
15
ITEMS
2
4
6
OPUT
12
12
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
40
25
15
5
30
10
4
25
7
10
7
6
6
6
6
2
1
8
5
24
30
5
12
5
5
15
15
2
4
6
TYP
F
F
B
B
G
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
I
Ei
C
C
B
F
B
B
C
C
I
I
I
N.DEC
3
3
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
3
_
-
_
-
-
.
-
ALTERNATE NflflE
LAB
B-1
-------
DATAFILE NAMEi AQUIFERS.PAT 8/
6 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME UDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
B-2
B-3
1
5
9
13
17
23
UH 1 Hr
23
COL
1
5
9
13
17
24
64
8?
104
109
139
149
153
178
IBS
195
202
208
214
220
226
228
229
229
229
>>»
18
COL
1
8
17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
89
97
105
113
121
129
133
AREA 4 12 F 3
PERIMETER 4 12 F 3
AQUIFERS* 4 58-
AQUIFERS-ID 4 5 B
niNORl 6 61
TYPE 5 5 C
ILL Nhllk." ULL f H f
ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION 1
ITEM NAME . UDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
ARE* 4 12 F 3
PERIMETER 4 12 F 3
DECtt 4 5 B -
DEC-ID 4 58
KEY 7 7 C
NAME 40 40 C
STREET 25 25 C
CITY 15 15 C -
ZIP 5 5 C
CONTACT 30 30 C
PHONE 10 10 C
SIC 4 4 C
RCU STREAM 25 25 C
POTU SPDES 7 7 C
AIRFACIL 10 10 C r
SPDES 7 7 C
LAT 6 6 C -
LON 6 6 C
TRILAT 6 6 C
TRILON 6 6 C
SUIS 2 2 C
SCARRY 1 1 C -
HUC 8 81
" REDEFINED ITEMS
HUC«2 2 21
HUC'4 441
MMfl* A X t
ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION 1
ITEM NAME UOTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
KEY 7 7 C
CAS 9 9 C
FUGITIVE 88
STACK 88
SURFACEUATER1 88
SURFACEUATER2 88
SURFACEURTER3 88
UNDERGROUND 88
LAND1 8-8
LAND2 88
LAND3 88
0554 88
POTU1 88
POTU2 88
POTU3 88
POTU4 88
DEC-ID 44
AIRTOTAL 88
8/3
-------
B-5
B-6
OHI'AHLE MADE i CAS. PAT
21 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION
8/5
COL
1
61
70
79
82
86
91
96
101
106
111
116
121
126
131
132
133
134
135
136
1 17
ITEM NAME
CHEMNAME
CAS
CASRN
LIST
TPO
RQACUTE
CTX
INHAL
ORAL
ROPC
RISK
ROAQTX
UQACUTE
UQCTX
TOTACUTE
TOTCANCER
ANYHICH
R5CARC
R5CAR ORHI
ANYDATA
NVOEC
UOTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
60 60 C
9
9
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9 C
9 I
3 C
4 C
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
UHlAFILb NHME' UU ICHHLKll.
14 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION
.COL- ITEM NAME
1
8/31
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 DUTCHALRMtt
13 OUTCHALRM-IO
17 SBL
31 SCH
33 OUNER
154 ADOR
183 DESC
199 CLS
202 NOUALUE
214 AGO
216 FIXEAST
223 FIXNORTH
UOTH OPUT TYP N.OEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
4
4
4
4
14
2
121
29
16
3
12
2
7
7
12
12
5
5
14
2
121
29
16
3
12
2
7
7
r
F
B
G
I
C
C
C
C
I
C
C
B-7
B-8
19
25
21
28
1 7
XI
X2
Yl
Y2
TOIJN
2
3
2
3
>
2
3
2
3
>
-
-
-
-
r
5 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME UOTH OPUT TYP N.OEC
8/31
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 HUC028
13 HUC02-IO
17 huC
REDEFINED ITEMS
17 HUC<2
17 HUC<4
17 H"r"
OfllHULt NHDC' NYSnO.PHT
4
4
4
4
8
2
4
12
12
5
5
8
2
4
F
F
B
B
I
I
I
ALTERNATE NAME
8/31,
-------
B-8 (cont)
B-9
B-10
B-11
5 ITEMS' STORTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 flREfl
5 PERIMETER
9 NYSADtt
13 NYSRD-ID
1 7 on
DATflFILE NAME' NYSCD.
5 ITEMS' STftRTING
COL I TEH NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 NYSCDft
13 NYSCD-ID
17 rn
DATHKILE NfUIE' MYSSO.
5 ITEMS' STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA <
5 PERIMETER
9 NYSSDtf
13 NYSSD-ID
17 cn
DATAFILE NAME' NYCNTY
& ITEMS' STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 HYCNTtH
13 NtrCNTY-ID
17 SUIS
19 NAME
IN POSITION 1
MDTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 5 B
d * e*
PAT
IN POSITION 1
UOTH OPUT TVP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 58
4 «> P.
t-'H r
IN POSITION 1
UDTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 SB
/I c- C<
.PflT
IN POSITION 1
UOTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 58
4 5 B
2 2 I
15 IS C
DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
_
DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
-
8/3I/
' B/31/
8/31/
REDEFINED ITEMS
B-12
17 rwrvrnnr
DfllHFlLE Nrtn£« NYflUNl
6 ITEMS' STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
9 NYtlUNI*
13 NYMUNI-ID
17 LABEL
31 SUIS
? 7 T
. PH r
IN POSITION 1
UOTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 56
4 SB
14 14 C
6 61
-
DEC ALTERNATE NAtlE
3
3
-
-
-
-
B/31/
REDEFINED ITEMS
31 CNTYCODE
33 TOUNCODE
ar mi i rnnr
2 2 I
2 2 I
> > I
-
-
-
OATAFILE NAME' NYSEnD.PAT
B-13
6 ITEMS s STARTING
COL ITEM NAME
1 AREA
5 PERIMETER
P NYSEMC*
13 NYSEMO-ID
1 7 RNAME
^9 RTCinN
IN POSITION 1
UDTH OPUT TYP N.
4 12 F
4 12 F
4 5 B
4 5 E
15 15 C
i f, \*> r
DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
-
8/31X
B-14
UHTHt-lLt. NHPIt ! NTKK.HHI
32 ITEMS' STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME UDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
1 FNOOEtt 4 S B
B/31/:
ALTERNATE NAME
-------
B-H» (cont)
B-15
B-16
5
9
1?
17
It) 21
25
29
37
40
44
55
56
57
58
59
60
64
66
68
69
73
77
78
83
84
114
125
155
166
174
177
TNODEtt
LPOLVtt
RPOLYtt
LENGTH
NYRRtt
NYRR-ID
HUC
SEC
niLEPT
SEQHO
RFLAG
OUFLAG
TFLfi'G
SFLAG
TYPE
SEGL
LEU
J
K
PHILE
ARBSUM
USDIR
TERHID
TRMBLU
PNAME
PNHCD
OUNADE
OUNnCD
DSHUC
DSSEG
DSHLPT
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
3
4
11
4
2
2
1
4
4
1
5
1
30
11
30
11
8
3
4
5
5
5
12
5
5
8
3
5
11
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
1
8
8
1
5
1
30
11
30
11
8
3
5
B
8
B
F
B
B
I
I
F
I
C
C
C
C
C
F
I
I
I
F
F
C
I
I
C
C
C
C
F
.
-
_
3
-
-
-
2
-
-
_
_
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
REDEFINED ITEMS
29
29
29
29
1 4 A
UA f Hf
6
COL
1
5
9
13
17
41
9
COL
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
so
HUC = 2
HUC«4
HUC 16
RR
ncptt
1LE NHME > NYQUAOS.
ITEHS' STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
NYQUADStt
NYOUAOS-ID
NAME
COUNTY
ITEMS' STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
FNODEtt
TNOOEtt
LPOLYtt
RPOLY*
LENGTH
ROADStt
ROADS-ID
LUUt
SIJTC;
2
4
6
11
i i
PflT
2
4
6
11
t 1
POSITION
UDTH
4
4
4
4
24
^8
OPUT
12
12
5
5
24
*B
POSITION
UOTH
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
/
OPUT
5
' "5
5
5
12
5
5
1
t
T
1
TYP N.
F
F
B
B
C
r
i
TYP N.
B
B
B
B
F
B
B
I
t
-
-
-
-
-
DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
1 PRF.I
DEC ALTERNATE NAME
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
8/31
8/31
UHIHMLL NUDE" THXSE.L" f 1 UMS . PA F
4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION
8/31
B-17
-------
B-17
B-18
B-19
B-20
COL
1
(cont) 5
9
1 1
OflTHK
5
COL
1
5
9
13
1 7
OftTAF
24
COL
1
5
9
13
17
18
19
27
31
37
39
40
100
160
18?
210
212
221
266
276
283
290
302
*A7
145
COL
1
2
3
' IB
26
35
105
106
176
246
248
250
252
254
256
258
260
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
TAXSECTIONStt
T«y«;FrTinN<;-Tn
ILE NAME « TEMPLATE
ITEMSi STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
TEMPLATE*
TEMPLATE-ID
C| TCP
ILE NHME « FRI.PAT
ITEMS' STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
AREA
PERIMETER
TRItt
TRI-IO
RECTYPE
FILL1
TAPE. DATE
REPORT. YEAR
LASTREU.DATE
EPA. REGION
COVERED. FAC
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
COUNTY
STATE
ZIP
PUB. CONTACT
PUB. CONTACT. PHON
LAT
LONG
UIC.IDNUM
PARENT. NAME
POPFNT ngNIIM
ITEMSi STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
RECTYPE
FILL2
SUBNUM
TAPE. DATE
CASNUM
SUBSTANCE. NAME
TRADE. SECRET
GENERIC. CHEMNAME
MIX.COMP.ID
MAN. USES. 1
MAN. USES. 2
MAN. USES. 3
MAN. USES. 4
MAN. USES. 5
MAN. USES. 6
PROC.USES.l
PROC.USES.2
UOTH
4
4
4
A
. PAT
OPUT
12
12
5
>;
POSITION
UDTH
4
4
4
4
7
OPUT
12
12
5
5
*
POSITION
UDTH
4
4
4
4
1
1
8
4
6
2
1
60
60
25
25
2
9
45
10
7
7
12
45
o
OPUT
12
12
5
5
1
1
8
4
6
2
1
60
60
25
25
2
9
45
10
7
7
12
45
o
POSITION
UDTH
1
1
15
8
9
70
1
70
70
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
OPUT
1
1
15
8
9
70
1
70-
70
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
TYP N
F
F
B
p.
1
TYP N
F
F
B
B
r
1
TYP N
F
F
B
B
I
C
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
r
1
TYP N
I
C
C
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8/31/1
8/31/1
8/31/1
-------
»-*W«H*^MBa*BKBA»«i
262
264
266
268
270
272"
274
276
B-20 (cont) 2B9
302
308
311
313
318
325
332
359
363
364
368
372
376
380
384
388
392
396
400
404
413
422
431
440
449
458
467
476
485
494
506
518
530
542
554
566
578
590
602
614
623
632
641
650
659
668
677
686
695
697
699
PROC.USES.3
PROC.USES.4
OTHER. USES. 1
OTHER. USES. 2
OTHER.. US.ES. 3 . .
nnX.fl~MT.ONS I TE
WASTE. niN.noo
UflSTE.niN.CURQTY
UASTE.HIN.PRIOTY
UPSTE.MIN.PERCHG
URSTE.niN.RRTPRO
UASTE.niN.RESRCT
ST&CTY.FIPS
ASSIGNED. LflT
ASSIGNED. LONG
FILL3
TRI-ID
RECSEQ
SIC. CODE. 1
SIC. CODE. 2
SIC. CODE. 3
SIC. CODE. 4
SIC. CODE. 5
SIC. CODE. 6
SIC. CODE. 7
SIC. CODE. 8
SIC. CODE. 9
SIC. CODE. 10
FflC.OS.BNUn. 1
FAC.D&BNUn.2
FAC.DS.BNUn.3
FAC.O&BNUn.4
FflC.DSBNUn.5
FflC.DS.BNUn. 6
FflC.DSBNUn.7
FflC.D&BNUn.B
FflC.DS.BNUn. 9
FflC.D&BNUn. 10
EPA.IONUn.l
EPfl.IDNUn.2
EPA.IONUn.3
EPA. IONUn.4
EPA. IONUH.5
EPA. IONUn.6
EHA.IONUn.7
EPA.IDNUn.B
EPA. IONUn.9
EPA. IDNUn. 10
NPOES.PERNUH. 1
NPDES.PERNUH.2
NPOES.PERNUH.3
NPDES.PERNUn.4
NPDES.PERNUn.5
NPDES.PERNUn.6
NPOES.PERNUn.7
NPDES PFRNljM g
NPDES.PERNUn.9
FILL33
GEN. TREAT. 1
TREAT. METH.l
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
13
13
6
3
2
5
7
7
27
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
?
9
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
. 2
2
2
13
13
6
3
2
5
7
7
27
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
9
9.
9
9
9
9
9
?
9
2
2
3
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
I
I
I
I
C
C
C
C
C
I
I
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-------
702 INF.CON.1 2 2 C
704 SEQ.TREAT.1 2 2 C
706 TREAT.EFF.l 6 6 I
712 TREAT.BASIS.1 2 2 C
714 FILLER11 6 6 C
72° GEN.TREAT.2 2 2 C
?22 TREflTinETHi2 3 3 c
725 INF.CON.2 2 2 C
727 SEQ.TREAT.2 2 2 C
729 TREAT.EFF.2 6 6 I
735 TREAT.BASIS.2 2 2 C
737 FILLER12 6 6 C
743 GEN.TREAT.3 2 2 C
745 TREAT.METH.3 3 3 C
748 INF.CON.3 2 2 C
750 SEP.TREAT.3 2 2 C
752 TREAT.EFF.3 6 6 I
758 TREAT.BASIS.3 2 2 C
760 FILLER13 6 6 C
766 GEN.TREAT.4 2 2 C
768 TREAT.flETH.4 3 3 C
771 INF.CON.4 2 2 C
773 SEQ.TREAT.4 2 2 C
775 TREAT.EFF.4 6 6 I
781 TREAT.BASIS.4 2 2 C
783 FILLER14 6 6 C
78? GEN.TREAT.5 2 2 C
791 TREAT.HETH.5 3 3 C
794 INF.CON.5 2 2 C
796 SEQ.TREAT.5 2 2 C
798 TREAT.EFF.5 6 6 I
804 TREAT.BASIS.5 2 2 C
806 FILLER15 6 6 C
812 GEN.TREAT.6 2 2 C
814 TREAT.METH.6 3 3 C
817 INF.CON.6 2 2 C
819 SEQ.TREAT.6 2 2 C
821 TREAT.EFF.6 6 6 I
827 TREAT.BASIS.6 2 2 C
829 FILLER16 6 6 C
835 GEN.TREAT.7 2 2 C
837 TREAT.nETH.7 3 3 C
840 INF.CON.7 2 2 C
842 SEQ.TREAT.7 2 2 C
844 TREAT.EFF.7 6 6 I
850 TREAT.BASIS.7 2 2 C
852 FILLER17 6 6 C
858 GEN.TREAT.8 2 2 C
860 TREAT.METH.B 3 3 C
863 INF.CON.8 2 2 C
865 SEQ.TREAT.8 2 2 C
867 TREAT.EFF.8 6 6 I
873 TREAT.BASIS.8 2 2 C
875 FILLER18 6 6 C
881 GEN.TREAT.9 2 2 C
883 TREAT.METH.9 3 3 C
886 INF.CON.9 2 2 C
888 SEQ.TREAT.9 2 2 C
890 TREAT.EFF.9 6 6 I
896 TREAT.BASIS.9 2 2 C
-------
B-20 (cont)
B-21
898
904
906
909
911
) 913
919
971
DA TAP
9
COL
1
2
3
18
26
221
234
236
359
FILLER19
GEN. TREAT. 10
TREAT. nETH. 10
INF. CON. 10
SEQ. TREAT. 10
TREAT. EFF. 10
TREAT. BASIS. 10
FTLLER70
ILE NAME RI4.PAT
ITEMS STARTING IN
ITEM NAME
RECTYPE
REL.TYPE
SUBNUn
TAPE. DATE
FILLER1
NONPT. AIR. TOTAL
NONPT. AIR. BASIS
FILLER2
TRI-IO
6
2
3
2
2
6
2
109
6
2
3
2
2
6
2
109
C
c
C
c
c
I
c
r
POSITION
UOTH
1
1
15
8
195
13
2
123
4
REDEFINED ITEMS
221
234
221
234
239
269
221
234
221
234
236
38
98
158
183
208
210
221
234
26
38
98
158
183
208
210
219
221
234
236
PT. AIR. TOTAL
PT. AIR. BASIS
UATER. TOTAL
WATER. BASIS
UATER. RCUSTREAM
UATER. PERSTORM
GROUND. TOTAL
GROUND. BASIS
LAND. TOTAL
LAND. BASIS
LAND.DISP
POTU.NftnE
POTU. ADDRESS
POTU. COUNTY
POTU. CITY
POTU. STATE
POTU. ZIP
POTU. TOTAL
POTU. BASIS
OLOC.EPAID
OLOC. NAME
OLOC. ADDRESS
OLOC. COUNTY
OLOC. CITY
OLOC. STATE
OLOC.2IP
OLOC. CONTROL
OLOC. TOTAL
OLOC. BASIS
OLOC. TREAT
1
13
2
13
2
30
6
13
2
13
2
3
60
60
25
25
2
9
13
2
12
60
60
25
25
2
9
2
13
2
3
OPUT
1
1
15
8
195
13
2
123
4
*
13
2
13
2
30
12
13
2
13
2
3
60
60
25
25
2
9
13
2
12
60
60
25
25
2
9
2
13
2
3
TYP
I
I
C
0
C
c
c
c
I
c
c
c
c
c
F
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
1
N.OEC ALTERNATE NAnE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8/3
-------
DATAFILE NAME: RECEPTOR.PAT I/ 8/19!
4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPOT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 AREA 8 18 F 5
9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5
B-22 17 RECEPTOR* 4 SB
21 RECEPTOR-ID 4 5 B
ENTER COMMAND >
DATAFILE NAME: SOURCE.PAT I/ 8/199
4 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
3
3
B-23
1
5
9
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
AREA
PERIMETER
SOURCE*
SOURCE-ID
** REDEFINED ITEMS
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
Sll
4
4
4
4
**
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
12
12
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
F
F
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
ID
ENTER COMMAND >
-------
DATAFILE NAME: NOTABLE I/ 8/199
. 87 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 ID 4 5 B -
5 SI 8 8 N 6
13 S2 8 8 N 6
B-2l» 21 S3 8 8 N 6
29 S4 8 8 N 6
37 S5 8 8 N 6
45 S6 8 8 N 6
53 S101 8 8 N 6
61 S102 8 8 N 6
69 S103 8 8 N 6
77 S104 8 8 N 6
85 S105 8 8 N 6
93 S106 8 8 N 6
101 S107 8 8 N 6
109 S108 8 8 N 6
117 S109 8 8 N 6
125 S110 8 8 N 6
133 Sill 8 8 N 6
141 S112 8 8 N 6
149 S113 8 8 N 6
157 S114 8 8 N 6
165 S115 8 8 N 6
173 S116 8 8 N 6
181 S117 8 8 N 6
189 S118 8 8 N 6
197 S119 8 8 N 6
205 S120 8 8 N 6
213 S121 8 8 N 6
221 S201 8 8 N 6
229 S202 8 8 N 6
237 S203 8 8 N 6
245 S601 8 8 N 6
253 S602 8 8 N 6
261 S603 8 8 N 6
269 S604 8 8 N 6
277 S605 8 8 N 6
285 S606 8 8 N 6
293 S607 8 8 N 6
301 S608 8 8 N 6
309 S609 8 8 N 6
317 S610 8 8 N 6
325 S611 8 8 N 6
333 S612 8 8 N 6
341 S613 8 8 N 6
349 S614 8 8 N - 6
357 S615 8 8 N 6
365 S616 8 8 N 6
373 S702 8 8 N 6
381 S801 8 8 N 6
389 S1001 8 8 N 6
327 S1CG2 8 8 N 6
405 S1003 8 8 N 6
413 S1004 8 8 N 6
421 S1005 8 8 N 6
429 S1006 8 8 N 6
437 S1007 8 8 N 6
-------
445 S1008 8 8 N 6
453 S1009 8 8 N 6
461 S1010 8 8 N 6
469 S1101 8 8 N 6
477 S1102 8 8 N 6
485 S1103 8 8 N 6
, * 493 S1104 8 8 N 6
icontj 501 siios 8 8 N 6
509 S1106 8 8 N 6
517 S1107 8 8 N 6
525 S1108 8 8 N 6
533 S1201 8 8 N 6
541 S1202 8 8 N 6
549 S1203 8 8 N 6
557 S1204 8 B N 6
565 S1205 8 8 N 6
573 S1206 8 8 N 6
581 S1207 8 8 N 6
589 S1208 8 8 N 6
597 S1501 8 8 N 6
605 S1502 8 8 N 6
613 S1503 8 8 N 6
621 S1504 8 8 N 6
629 S1505 8 8 N 6
637 S1506 8 8 N 6
645 S1701 8 8 N 6
653 S1702 8 8 N 6
661 S1703 8 8 N 6
669 S1704 8 8 N 6
677 S1705 8 8 N 6
685 S1707 8 8 N 6
ENTER COMMAND >
-------
DATAFILE NAME: PBTABLE I/ 8/19S
87 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 ID 4 5 B -
5 SI 16 16 N 6
B-25 21 S2 16 16 N 6
37 S3 16 16 N 6
53 S4 16 16 N 6
69 S5 16 16 N 6
85 S6 16 16 N 6
101 S101 16 16 N 6
117 S102 16 16 N 6
133 S103 16 16 N 6
149 S104 16 16 N 6
165 S105 16 16 N 6
181 S106 16 16 N 6
197 S107 16 16 N 6
213 S108 16 16 N 6
229 S109 16 16 N 6
245 S110 16 16 N 6
261 Sill 16 16 N 6
277 S112 16 16 N 6
293 S113 16 16 N 6
309 S114 16 16 N 6
325 S115 16 16 N 6
341 S116 16 16 N 6
357 S117 16 16 N 6
373 S118 16 16 N 6
389 S119 16 16 N 6
405 S120 16 16 N 6
421 S121 16 16 N 6
437 S201 16 16 N 6
453 S202 16 16 N 6
469 S203 16 16 N 6
485 S601 16 16 N 6
501 S602 16 16 N 6
517 S603 16 16 N 6
533 S604 16 16 N 6
549 S605 16 16 N 6
565 S606 16 16 N 6
581 S607 16 16 N 6
597 S608 16 16 N 6
613 S609 16 16 N 6
629 S610 16 16 N 6
645 S611 16 16 N 6
661 S612 16 16 N 6
677 S613 16 16 N 6
693 S614 16 16 N - 6
709 S615 16 16 N* 6
725 S616 16 16 N 6
741 S702 16 16 N 6
757 S801 16 16 N 6
773 S1001 16 16 N 6
789 S1002 16 16 N £
805 S1003 16 16 N 6
821 S1004 16 16 N 6
837 S1005 16 16 N 6
853 S1006 16 16 N 6
869 S1007 16 16 N 6
-------
B-25 (cont)
885
901
917
933
949
965
981
997
1013
1029
1045
1061
1077
1093
1109
1125
1141
1157
1173
1189
1205
1221
1237
1253
1269
1285
1301
1317
1333
1349
1365
S1008
. S1009
S1010
S1101
S1102
S1103
S1104
S1105
S1106
S1107
S1108
S1201
S1202
S1203
S1204
S1205
S1206
S1207
S1208
S1501
S1502
S1503
S1504
S1505
S1506
S1701
S1702
S1703
S1704
S1705
S1707
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
ENTER COMMAND >
-------
DATAFILK MAKE: CDTABLE I/ 8/1S
87 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 ID 4 5 B
5 SI 16 16 N 6
21 S2 16 16 N 6
37 S3 16 16 N 6
R-26 53 S4 16 16 N 6
69 S5 16 16 N 6
85 S6 16 16 N 6
101 S101 16 16 N 6
117 S102 16 16 N 6
133 S103 16 16 N 6
149 S104 16 16 N 6
165 S105 16 16 N 6
181 S106 16 16 N 6
197 S107 16 16 N 6
213 S108 16 16 N 6
229 S109 16 16 N 6
245 S110 16 16 N 6
261 Sill 16 16 N 6
277 S112 16 16 N 6
293 S113 16 16 N 6
309 S114 16 16 N 6
325 S115 16 16 N 6
341 S116 16 16 N 6
357 S117 16 16 N 6
373 S118 16 16 N 6
389 S119 16 16 N 6
405 S120 16 16 N 6
421 S121 16 16 N 6
437 S201 16 16 N 6
453 S202 16 16 N 6
469 S203 16 16 N 6
485 S601 16 16 N 6
501 S602 16 16 N 6
517 S603 16 16 N 6
533 S604 16 16 N 6
549 S605 16 16 N 6
565 S606 16 16 N 6
581 S607 16 16 N 6
597 S608 16 16 N 6
613 S609 16 16 N 6
629 S610 16 16 N 6
645 S611 16 16 N 6
661 S612 16 16 N 6
677 S613 16 16 N 6
693 S614 16 16 N 6
709 S615 16 16 N 6
725 S616 16 16 N 6
741 S702 16 16 N 6
757 S801 16 16 N 6
773 S1001 16 16 N 6
789 S1002 16 16 N 6
805 S1003 16 16 N 6
821 S1004 16 16 N 6
837 S1005 16 16 N 6
853 S1006 16 16 N 6
869 S1007 16 16 N 6
-------
885 S1008
901 S1009
917 S1010
933 S1101
949 S1102
965 S1103
981 S1104
997 S1105
, , .1013 S1106
B-26(con)io29 sno?
1045 S1108
1061 S1201
1077 S1202
1093 S1203
1109 S1204
1125 S1205
1141 S1206
1157 S1207
1173 S1208
1189 S1501
1205 S1502
1221 S1503
1237 S1504
1253 S1505
1269 S1506
1285 S1701
1301 S1702
1317 S1703
1333 S1704
1349 S1705
1365 S1707
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
ENTER COMMAND >
-------
DATAFILE NAME: SCTABLE I/ 8/199
34 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION 1
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
1 ID 4 5 B RECEPTOR-ID
5 PBSCEN1 16 16 N 6
21 PBSCEN2 16 16 N 6
37 PBSCEN3 16 16 N 6
53 PBSCEN4 16 16 N 6
69 PBSCEN5 16 16 N 6
85 PBSCEN6 16 16 N 6
101 PBSCEN7 16 16 N 6
117 PBSCEN8 16 16 N 6
133 PBSCEN9 16 16 N 6
149 PBSCEN10 16 16 N 6
165 PBSCEN11 16 16 N 6
181 CDSCEN1 16 16 N 6
197 CDSCEN2 16 16 N 6
213 CDSCEN3 16 16 N 6
229 CDSCEN4 16 16 N 6
245 CDSCEN5 16 16 N 6
261 CDSCEN6 16 16 N 6
277 CDSCEN7 16 16 N 6
293 CDSCEN8 16 16 N 6
309 CDSCEN9 16 16 N 6
325 CDSCEN10 16 16 N 6
341 CDSCEN11 16 16 N 6
357 TCSCEN1 16 16 N 12
373 TCSCEN2 16 16 N 12
389 TCSCEN3 16 16 N 12
405 TCSCEN4 16 16 N 12
421 TCSCEN5 16 16 N 12
437 TCSCEN6 16 16 N 12
453 TCSCEN7 16 16 N 12
469 TCSCEN8 16 16 N 12
485 TCSCEN9 16 16 N 12
501 TCSCEN10 16 16 N 12
517 TCSCEN11 16 16 N 12
ENTER COMMAND >
-------
DATAFILE NAME: TCTABLE
87 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION
COL ITEM NAME WDTH OPUT
1 ID 45
5 SI 14 14
19 S2 14 14
33 S3 14 14
47 S4 14 14
61 S5 14 14
B-28 75 S6 14 14
89 S101 14 14
103 S102 14 14
117 S103 14 14
131 S104 14 14
145 S105 14 14
159 S106 14 14
173 S107 14 14
187 S108 14 14
201 S109 14 14
215 S110 14 14
229 Sill 14 14
243 S112 14 14
257 S113 14 14
271 S114 14 14
285 S115 14 14
299 S116 14 14
313 S117 14 14
327 S118 14 14
341 S119 14 14
355 S120 14 14
369 S121 14 14
383 S201 14 14
397 S202 14 14
411 S203 14 14
425 S601 14 14
439 S602 14 14
453 S603 14 14
467 S604 14 14
481 S605 14 14
495 S606 14 14
509 S607 14 14
523 S608 14 14
537 S609 14 14
551 S610 14 14
565 S611 14 14
579 S612 14 14
593 S613 14 14
607 S614 14 14
621 S615 14 14
635 S616 14 14
649 S702 14 14
663 S801 14 14
677 S1001 14 14
691 S1002 14 14
705 S1003 14 14
719 S1004 14 14
733 S1005 14 14
747 S1006 14 14
761 S1007 14 14
I/ 8/199
TYP N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME
B
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
N 12
-------
B-28
(cont)
775
789
803
817
831
845
859
873
887
901
915
929
943
957
971
985
999
1013
1027
1041
1055
1069
1083
1097
1111
1125
1139
1153
1167
1181
1195
S1008
S1009
S1010
S1101
S1102
S1103
S1104
S1105
S1106
S1107
S1108
S1201
S1202
S1203
S1204
S1205
S1206
S1207
S1208
S1501
S1502
S1503
S1504
S1505
S1506
S1701
S1702
S1703
S1704
S1705
S1707
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
ENTER COMMAND >
-------
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-i»
C-5
C-6
NLLHI 1UM
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TRBLE-IO
DATABASE
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COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
RELATION
TABLE-ID
DATABASE
ITEM
COLUMN
TYPE
°K 1 <4N 1 £
RT235.PAT
-INFO
-SUBNUM
-SUBNUM
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-RT2TRI
-TRT.PAT
-INFO
-TRI-IO
-TRI-IO
-LINEAR
3
-RT4TRI
-TRI.PAT
-INFO
-TRI-IO
-TRI-ID
. -LINEAR
4
-CAS
-CAS. PAT
-INFO
-CAS
-CAS
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1
-SARADEC
-DEC. PAT
-INFO
-DEC-ID
-DEC-ID
-LINEAR
2
-CAS
-CAS. PAT
-INFO
-CAS
-CAS
-LINEAR
-------
References
Burrough, P.A., Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources
Assessment. Claredon Press, Oxford 1986
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Understanding GIS: The ARC/INFO Method. ESRI
1990
Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Handbook of Chemical Hazard Analysis Procedures. Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Publications Office, 500 C Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20472, 1989
Mynar, F. II, and Hammerstrom, K.A. , Population Estimation for Risk Assessment: A
Comparison of Methods. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Las Vegas, Nevada, August 1990
National Governors' Association, Natural Resources Policy Studies Unit, Center for Policy
Research, Emergency Planning and Community Rioht-to-Know Act: A Stutus of State Actions-
1989. ISBN 1-55877-051-8 (EPA-CX-814632-01-0) 444 North Capitol Street,
Washington, D.C. 20001-1572, 1989
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, AIR GUIDE 26-Guidelines on
Modeling Procedures For Source Impact Analysis. 50 Wolf Road, Albany, New York 12233-
0001, May 1987
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Management and
Planning and Information Systems Development. Geographic Data Source Directory. May 1990
New York State Program in Geographic Information and Analysis, Minnowbrook Workshop
Report. NYSPGIA Planning Grant Working Paper, 121 Bowne Hall, Syracuse University,
Syracuse, N.Y. 13244, August 31, 1990
Rachko, Andrea, Integration of Surface Modeling. Groundwater Flow Modeling, and Geographic
Information Systems, (unpublished report to New York State Emergency Response
Commission), State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry,
August, 1990
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, A
Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet Chemical Releases. Vol. II. User's Guide. (EPA-
450/4-88-006b), Research Triangle Park NC 277711, April 1988
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemicals in Your Community: A Guide to the Emergency
Planning and Community Rioht-to-Know Act. September 1988
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department
of Transportation, Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis Emergency Planning for Extremely
Hazardous Substances. December 1987
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Guideline for Air Quality Models (Revised!. EPA-450/2
-------
78-027R, July 1986
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Screening Guide. (Version 1.0) Vol. 1-The Process, Vol. 2-Appendices, EPA
560/2-89-002, Washington, D.C., July 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, 1988 Toxic Release
Inventory. Washington, D.C. 20460
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides Toxic Substances, The Toxics-
Release Inventory: A National Perspective. (EPA 560/4-89-005), June 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Toxic Dump User Guide to TOXDUMP1: TRI File
Conversion Software
U.S. Enironmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances Presents Risk Screening
Training: Using the Toxics Release Inventory (TRh Risk Screening Guide
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, TRI CD-ROM User Guide. 1989
Wagner, Curtis P. TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Discussion of Changes to the Industrial
Source Complex flSCl Dispersion Model User's Guide-Second Edition. EPA 68-02-3886 Task
No. 60, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, December 1987
------- |