BUMPING LAKE
ENLARGEMENT
YatinmRiverBasiiiJVashington
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
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WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT PROJECT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN, WASHINGTON
An investigation has been made which defines present water
quality and uses and which discloses a future need for storage
for regulation of stream flow for water quality control. Future
water requirements and quality projections are based on economic,
demographic, and engineering studies.
Prepared at the Request of the U. S. Department of Interior,
Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Columbia River Development Office
Spokane, Washington
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Pacific Northwest
Portland, Oregon
JANUARY 1966
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Request and Authority I-L
B. Purpose and Scope 1-1
C. Acknowledgments 1-2
II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
A. Summary of Findings II-l
B. Conclusions II-5
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Location III-l
B. Proposed Project III-l
IV. STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION
A. Boundaries IV-1
B. Physical Features IV-2
C. Climate IV-3
V. WATER RESOURCES OF THE STUDY AREA
A. Surface Water V-l
1. Existing Water Resource Development v-1
2. Stream Flow Frequency Analysis v-5
3. Quality of Water Available v-5
B. Ground Water V-14
1. Quantity V-14
2. Quality V-14
VI. THE ECONOMY
A. General VI-1
B. Present VI-1
1. Economic Activities VI-1
2. Population VI-6
C. Projected Economic Base & Population VI-8
1. Future Increases in Output and
Employment of Major Industries VI-8
2. Future Labor Force VI-12
3. Estimated Future Population VI-14
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Page No.
VII. WATER REQUIREMENTS—MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL
A. Present Water Use VII-1
B. Forecast of Future Water Needs VI1-4
VIII. WATER QUALITY CONTROL
A. Need for Control VIII-1
1. General VIII-1
2. Irrigation VIII-1
3. Municipal & Industrial Water Supply. . . . VIII-1
4. Fisheries VIII-2
5. Recreation & Riverside Uses VIII-3
B. Municipal, Industrial & Agricultural Pollution. VIII-4
1. Municipal VIII-4
2. Industrial VIII-6
3. Agricultural VIII-9
C. Water Quality Criteria VIII-10
D. Flow Regulation VIII-10
IX. BENEFITS IX-1
X. BIBLIOGRAPHY X-l
APPENDIX
A. Water Quantity Data A-l to A-4
B. Water Quality Data B-l to B-9
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
V-l Water Quality, Yakima River V-8
VI-1 Labor Force, by Industry Group, Yakima 3-County Area,
April 1960 VI-2
VI-2 Comparative Distribution of Labor Force,
By Industry Group, April 1960 VI-3
VI-3 Acreage Harvested, By Principal Crops,
Yakima 3-County Area, 1959 VI-5
VI-4 Population, By County and Incorporated Places,
Yakima Valley Economic Area and 3-County Area VI-7
VI-5 Estimated Future Population of Yakima 3-County Area
and Illustrative Distribution of Future Labor Force,
1960-2010 VI-13
VI-6 Illustrative Projections of Future Population
in Incorporated Places, Yakima Valley VI-16
VI-7 Projected Future Population, By Service Areas,
Yakima Valley VI-17
VII-1 Water Supply Inventory VII-2
VII-2 Present and Future Municipal and Industrial Needs,
by Water Service Areas, Yakima River Basin VII-5
VIII-1 Municipal Waste Loadings VIII-6
VIII-2 Industrial Raw Waste Production, 1960 VIII-8
VIII-3 Maximum Monthly Waste Loads VIII-11
VII1-4 Required Stream Flow Regimen for Quality Control
Purposes, Yakima River Basin, Washington VIII-16
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LIST OF FIGURES
I/
Figure No. Title Page No.
V-l Schematic Diagram, Yakima River Basin V-2
V-2 Map Depicting Storage, Diversions, and
Irrigated Acreage, Yakima River Basin V-3
V-3 Yakima River Stream Flow, cfs,
(Ten-Year Recurrence Interval) V-6
V-4 Dissolved Solids Variations, Yakima River Basin. . . . V-7
V-5 Coliform Bacteria Counts, Yakima River V-9
V-6 Water Temperature Profiles, August, 1955,
Yakima River V-ll
V-7 Dissolved Oxygen, Per Cent Saturation,
Yakima River Basin V-13
VII-1 Municipal and Industrial Water Demand,
Yakima River Basin VII-6
VIII-1 Municipal and Industrial Raw Waste Production,
Yakima River Basin VIII-7
VIII-2 Present and Projected Dissolved Oxygen Profiles,
Yakima River Basin VIII-14
VIII-3 Additional Flow Required for Water Quality Control . VIII-15
— Location Map Back Cover
I/ Figures incorporated in this report were finalized in August 1965
and title blocks show the reporting agency's name as "Public
Health Service". Effective January 1, 1966, this organization's
name was changed to "Federal Water Pollution Control Administration".
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I. INTRODUCTION
A. Request and Authority
The request for this report was made by the U. S. Bureau of
Reclamation by letter dated June 20, 1962. Authority for the
investigation and report is the "Federal Water Pollution Control
Act", as amended (33 U.S.C. 466b(b)).
B. Purpose and Scope
The investigation on which this report is based was conducted
for the purpose of advising the Bureau of Reclamation on the need
for and value of storage in Bumping Lake Enlargement, Yakima River
Basin, for water quality control. To accomplish this, all available
data on water uses, waste sources, and water quality were examined,
evaluated, and projected. Field data collected by the Public Health
Service and Washington State Pollution Control Commission in 1961
and 1962 aided the evaluations.
The area covered in the report includes all of the Yakima River
Basin drainage and is defined demographically by areas within Benton,
Kittitas, and Yakima Counties.
Evaluations include projected conditions to the year 2010, with
an interim date of 1985. An economic base study was prepared for
this purpose and is summarized in the report.
The findings of the report are based on comprehensive studies
being conducted in this region by the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration.
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1-2
C. Acknowledgments
Information for this report was provided by officials of the
Cities of Yakima, Ellensburg, Sunnyside, Cle Elum, and Prosser;
the Nob Hill Water Company; the Yakima Chamber of Commerce; the
Washington State Department of Health; the Washington State Pollution
Control Commission; the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation; the U. S. Bureau
of Indian Affairs,; the U. S. Geological Survey; the engineering firm
of Gray and Osborne of Yakima; the engineering firm of Cornell,
Rowland, Hayes and Merryfield of Corvallis, Oregon; and the Engineering
Department of the University of Washington. The cooperation of persons
within these organizations is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance
of organizations and individuals attending the public meeting held by
the Public Health Service, in Yakima, April 27, 1965, is also
acknowledged.
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II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
A. Summary of Findings
1. The Bumping Lake Enlargement Project proposed by the
Bureau of Reclamation consists of a 223-foot high dam located on
Bumping River about 4,500 feet downstream from the present Bumping
Lake Dam (see Location Map, back cover). It is proposed with this
project to increase the storage capacity of Bumping Lake from 33,700
acre-feet to about 458,000 acre-feet. The enlargement would include
space for several years of carry-over storage. Management of the
reservoir would be coordinated with existing water resource development
in the basin to serve needs for supplemental irrigation, flood control,
municipal and industrial water supply, fish and wildlife, recreation,
and water quality control.
2. The study area covered in this report is the entire
Yakima River drainage basin which is comprised of Yakima, Kittitas,
and Benton Counties. Subareas examined in the study are the Cle Elum-
Roslyn area, Ellensburg-Kittitas area, Naches-Yakima-Moxee City area,
Wapato-Toppenish area, Sunnyside-Grandview area, and Prosser-Benton
City area.
3. The drainage area of Yakima Basin is about 6,000 square
miles. Existing reservoirs in the basin are Keechelus, Kachess, Cle
Elum, Bumping Lake, Rimrock (Tieton), Clear Lake, and Wenas Creek.
About 1,072,000 acre-feet of usable storage capacity has been
developed in these reservoirs.
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II-2
4. The average annual runoff of the basin, as measured at the
lower-most gaging station on the river (drainage area 5,600 square
miles), is 2,660,000 acre-feet. The one-in-ten year low mean annual
runoff to the Yakima River at several points from upper to lower basin
are:
cfs acre-feet
Cle Elum 1,100 800,000
Umtanum • • - • 1,600 1,160,000
Above Parker 3,000 2,170,000
Below Parker (Sunnyside Diversion)* • 680 495,000
Kiona 1,700 1,230,000
Minimum flows in the main stem of the river occur below Parker
(Sunnyside Diversion Dam) during the irrigation season. The minimum
monthly average flow recorded at this location is about 100 cfs.
5. The economic base of the Yakima Valley is agriculture.
Water resource development is oriented principally toward this base.
6. The 1960 population of the study area was 177,000.
About 62 per cent of the population resided in urban areas and
38 per cent resided in unincorporated towns and rural areas. There
is potential for considerable population growth. The projected
populations for 1985 and 2010 are 239,000 and 326,000, respectively.
7. Water use for municipal and domestic purposes in the
study area in 1960 was about 36 million gallons per day (MGD), and
for industrial use about 9 MGD. Approximately 70 per cent of the
water used for these purposes is obtained from underground sources.
Based on future population and industrial growth expected in the area,
the potential demand for water for these purposes by the years 1985
and 2010 is projected to be 74 MGD and 122 MGD, respectively.
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II-3
The industrial demand has been increasing at a slightly greater rate
than the municipal demand and is expected to continue this trend.
8. Surface waters, in addition to being used for municipal
and industrial supply, are used for irrigation, fish and game propaga-
tion, stock watering, recreation, hydroelectric power, and disposal of
municipal and industrial wastes. Stream waters in the lower basin
areas receive and at times consist almost entirely of return flows
and drainage water from irrigated lands.
9. The mineral quality of surface waters in upper Yakima
River areas is excellent. Waters in the lower reaches of the river
are significantly higher in mineral content but are suitable for all
uses, including municipal and industrial water supply. Biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD) received in the river from waste and land drainage
sources is adequately assimilated in most stream sections without
detriment to the dissolved oxygen (DO) requirements of fish and other
aquatic life. Survey data show that the critical DO zone occurs in
lower reaches of the river and is most pronounced under early morning
conditions during summer and early fall months.
10. The City of Yakima has completed facilities for secondary
waste treatment with provisions for disinfecting municipal wastes on a
year-round basis. Industrial wastes at Yakima will receive similar
treatment during winter months. During summer months, control of this
waste is accomplished by sprinkler irrigation. Lagoons are provided
to collect any subsequent runoff. The goal of the Washington State
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II-4
Pollution Control Commission for Yakima River Basin is for ultimate
year-round achievement of greater''than 85 per cent BOD removal at all
sources by means of a combination of these control methods.
-11. Average daily municipal waste production in the study
area in 1960 (before treatment) was about 222,000 population equiva-
lents (FE). With present treatment, it is estimated that about
33,000 FE of this waste is received in stream waters of the basin.
Industrial waste production in the study area in 1960 averaged about
312,000 FE. Existing disposal practices are believed capable of
accomplishing an over-all average reduction of these wastes to about
45,000 PE per day. According to present information, about 90 per
cent of the municipal and industrial waste in the study area is
produced along the lower Yakima River within and below the Naches-
Yakima-Moxee City service area.
12. Survey data indicate that land drainage and irrigation
return flows add an average of about 3 milligrams per liter (mg/1) of
BOD to Yakima River waters. Farm animals, having an estimated waste
potential of about 1,300,000 PE, decomposable vegetative matter, and
dead and dying aquatic organisms contribute significantly to the
oxygen demand on the river.
13. There is evidence that irrigation return flows cause
increased water temperatures in the lower Yakima River where major
return flows occur. Between Parker and Kiona, water temperatures
rise rapidly to attain values of 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit ( F.).
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II-5
B. Conclusions
1. The future economic growth of Yakima River Basin will be
dependent to a large extent on a continuation of water resource
development for agricultural purposes. The proposed enlargement of
Bumping Lake is one of several efforts being made to further this
development.
2. Diversions of stream flow for irrigation (about 2.5 million
acre-feet annually) and return flows resulting from this use of water are
the major factors affecting water quality in the Yakima River. Increased
stream temperatures, excessive aquatic growths, high turbidity, and
excessive sediment loads are some of the effects resulting from this
practice. Municipal and industrial waste effluents, averaging'about
80,000 FE per day, and domestic farm animal wastes, estimated at about
65,000 FE per day, have compounded these effects by contributing
bacterial organisms, nutrients, and oxygen-demanding materials to
the river.
3. Utilization of the Yakima River for anadromous and resident
game fish production and recreation have been curtailed due to low
stream flows and reduced stream quality. Stream waters, particularly
in the lower 30 to 40 miles of the river, are unfit for water-contact
activities because of bacterial contamination £1,000 coliforms per
100 ml) and are undesirable as a source of municipal and industrial
water supply. Fluctuations in temperature, algal growths, turbidity,
and occurrences of slimes would be expected to create operational
difficulties in the treatment of these waters were they to be used for
municipal and industrial supply.
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II-6
4. Additional irrigation development and increased popula-
tion and industrial growth along the Yakima River is expected to cause
a further reduction in water quality below Sunnyside Diversion Dam.
Oxygen-demanding wastes, even after a reasonable level of treatment
has been applied, are expected to exert greater demands on the DO
resource of the lower river. Stream temperatures (already relatively
high, 70-80 °F.), algal growths, turbidity, and other factors
characteristic of the quality of waters in this reach may also
increase as future economic expansion progresses.
5. Continuous expenditures for waste treatment facilities
will be needed to keep pace with population growth and industrial
expansion in the Yakima Basin. Expenditures for municipal waste
treatment alone between the years 1957 and 1963, for example, were
about $2,800,000. Assuming that future updating of waste treatment
facilities and practices will accomplish BOD removal of at least
85 per cent, the daily average waste loads expected to remain after
this treatment, together with uncontrolled loads from urban and rural
runoff, are projected to more than triple present loads or increase
to about 275,000 FE by the year 2010. About 90 per cent of the
projected future load is expected to be received in the lower 30-40
mile reach of the Yakima River where large diversions for irrigation
take place and where stream flows at times consist entirely of irriga-
tion return flow.
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II-7
6. The future control of water quality in the Yakima River
will require (1) adequate waste treatment or other methods of controlling
waste at the source, (2) continuous disinfection of treatment plant
effluents, (3) assured quantities of stream flow to maintain a minimum
DO level of at least 5 mg/1 in the critical zone of the river below
Sunnyside Diversion Dam, (4) channelization of the river to reduce
stream width for temperature reduction, (5) controlled surface and
sub-surface drainage to reduce nutrient and temperature effects, and
(6) controlled use of chemicals to minimize pesticide concentrations in
the stream. If DO is permitted to fall below 5 mg/1 and stream tempera-
tures cannot be reduced to at least 70 F., the free passage of anadromous
fish species to and from upper basin spawning areas will be further
jeopardized and possibilities of upgrading recreational opportunities,
aesthetic values, and other assets associated with an attractive stream
would be further reduced.
7. Field observations and computer studies incorporating
oxygen-balance techniques, show that present waste loads and loads
projected for 1985 can be assimilated in the minimum one-in-ten year
low summer and fall flow of the river (about 100 cfs) without reducing
DO below 5 mg/1 in the critical zone (low point at Prosser). According
to these computations, however, the projected 2010 load would reduce
the average monthly level of DO to below 5 mg/1 or to about 4 mg/1
during summer and fall months one year out of ten. DO levels down to
3 mg/1 could at times be expected to occur due to diurnal fluctuation
in waste loads.
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II-8
8. It is estimated that by the year 2010 an average flow of
280 cfs, as measured at the Parker gaging station (during July, August,
September, and October), will be required to control DO at 5 mg/1 in the
Yakima River below Sunnyside Diversion Dam. In order to maintain this
control, there will be a need beginning about the year 1995 for an
jf
annual draft-on-storage of 50,000 acre-feet from Bumping Lake Reservoir.
Releases would be required at such time and in such amounts as may be
dictated by seasonal variations in waste loadings and DO conditions
downstream. Stream temperatures in the lower river would not be
affected at this level of release or at higher releases even if cooler
water from lower levels of the reservoir were available and could be
withdrawn. Temperature studies, although incomplete, indicate that the
only feasible means of reducing summer stream temperature between Parker
and Kiona would primarily be to reduce stream width through channelization
between Parker and Kiona and, secondly, to reduce surface return flows.
9. Storage releases from Bumping Lake Reservoir for water
quality control below Sunnyside Diversion Dam (Parker-to-Kiona reach of
Yakima River) would benefit a potential population of 300,000 persons
residing along 20-30 miles of the river and would improve fishing and other
recreational uses of the river. The fishing effort, for example, is
estimated at about 835,000 angler days per year at the present time and
the potential or full re-establishment of the fishery is valued at about
$4,000,000 annually.
^Annual draft-on-storage is the sum of incremental excesses of needed
releases over inflows during a climatic year (April to April).
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II-9
10. The beneficiaries of water quality maintenance in Yakima
River Basin are identifiable in general terms, many of which, however,
are not directly measurable in monetary terms. The minimum value of
the benefits assignable to Bumping Lake Reservoir for quality control
is considered, therefore, to be at least equal to the cost of the most
likely alternative means of providing the same level of water quality
in the absence of the project. After considering such alternatives
as the transmission of wastes downstream, transmission of wastes out
of the basin, additional land disposal of wastes, and single-'purpose
releases from storage, it was determined that single-purpose releases
from storage is the only means whereby equivalent control could be
achieved, particularly in view of needs to control runoff and'land
drainage wastes.
11. The minimum value of the benefits assignable to an
annual draft-on-storage of 50,000 acre-feet in Bumping Lake Reservoir
is estimated to be $150,000 or $3.00 per acre-foot. This value is
based on the capital cost of a single-purpose reservoir constructed
at the least-cost most-likely site on Little Naches River above the
City of Yakima amortized over a 100-year project life, with an annual
operation and maintenance (O&M) expense of $13,000, a discount period
of 20 years (assumed project completion in 1975), and interest at
3.125 per cent.
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11-10
12. It is not known whether full re-establishment of the
fishery potential of Yakima River Basin could be achieved in view of
the large appropriation of waters for irrigation. The fishery
potential would be preserved in part at least by releases from
storage for maintenance of water quality.
13. The benefits derived from water quality maintenance in
the Yakima River are both tangible and intangible and are widespread
both in area and type of beneficiary. While the benefits discussed
above apply primarily to the Yakima River, additional widespread
benefits in terms of improved water quality downstream along the
Columbia River would also be realized. These latter benefits,
however, are not possible to identify at this time.
14. Future municipal and industrial water requirements in
the study area, particularly in the Naches-Yakima-Moxee City service
area, will exceed available supplies within the next 50 years. It
is understood, however, that local communities and/or industries have
taken no action toward retaining water supply storage in the proposed
reservoir. Because surface waters are nearly fully allocated at the
present time, it may be desirable to give early consideration to
storage for this purpose in any future water resource development
proposals in the basin. It is expected that ground water will continue
to supply the future needs of the smaller municipalities and industries
in the basin.
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III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Location
Bumping Lake Dam and Reservoir is located near the headwaters of
Bumping River, a tributary of the Naches River, which joins the Yakima
River near the City of Yakima (see Location Map, back cover).
As proposed by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, the Bumping Lake
Enlargement Project will increase storage from 33,700 to 458,000 acre-
feet by means of a 223-foot high dam about 4,500 feet downstream from
the existing dam. The drainage area above the proposed site is 69
square miles and the average annual runoff is 210,000 acre-feet. Space
for several years of carry-over storage is being planned in the project
to provide supplemental water during dry years.
Water at this elevation is generally of good chemical, physical,
and biological quality. The area is relatively inaccessible during the
winter months and is used primarily for fishing in summer months.
Annual fluctuations in water-surface elevation will not be as great in
the enlarged reservoir as in other lakes of the system due to the hold-
over storage characteristics. In dry years, however, considerable
fluctuation would occur.
B. Proposed Project
The operation of Bumping Lake Enlargement Project would be
coordinated with existing storage development in the Yakima River
system to allow more freedom in serving needs for irrigation, flood
control, and needs for improved flows for fishery use. Fishway
facilities at some of the existing dams would also be provided.
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IV. STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION
A. Boundaries
Because the proposed project would affect all parts of the basin,
the entire drainage area of the Yakima River was selected for study.
The area, which encompasses about 6,000 square miles, is located in
South-Central Washington on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains
and extends from Keechelus Reservoir to Richland, a distance of about
215 miles (see Location Map, back cover). The basin is bounded on the
northeast by the Wenatchee Range, on the east by Rattlesnake Hills,
and on the south by Horse Heaven Hills. Upthrust ridges lying in an
east-west direction across the basin divide it below the City of
Ellensburg, above and below the City of Yakima, and below Prosser.
The area is comprised of Yakima, Kittitas, and Benton Counties.
In terms of physical characteristics and economic development,
the basin lends itself to division into six distinct water-service
areas: (1) Cle Elum-Roslyn; (2) Ellensburg-Kittitas; (3) Naches-
Yakima-Moxee City; (4) Wapato-Toppenish; (5) Sunnyside-Grandview; and
(6) Prosser-Benton City.
The economic base of the Cle Elum-Roslyn area is predominantly
forest land and light agriculture, along with some coal mining. The
Ellensburg-Kittitas area is almost entirely pasture land for cattle
raising. The Naches-Yakima-Moxee City area produces fruit, vegetables,
hops, and other related products which are processed locally.
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IV-2
Activities in the Wapato-Toppenish area include sugar refining and fruit
and vegetable processing. In the Sunnyside-Grandview area, processing
of fruit and vegetables predominates. The Prosser-Benton City area is
in the narrower section of the basin and contains vineyards, producing
grapes which are processed in the Prosser area.
B. Physical Features
Variations in the terrain of the Yakima River Basin range from
rugged forest lands in the.Cascade Mountains and Wenatchee Range to
relatively level fertile valleys in the lowlands of the basin formed
by the east-west ridges. The ridges, Rattlesnake Hills and Horse
Heaven Hills, are basalt outcroppings practically devoid of vegetation
except for early spring grasses. Altitudes in the basin range from
8,200 feet in the Cascades to 320 feet at the mouth of the river.
Glaciers on the western edge of the basin at elevations above 7,000
feet aid in maintaining runoff in the mountain streams during the late
irrigation season. Between the City of Ellensburg and Selah, the
river flows through a narrow steep-walled canyon for about 25 miles.
Just above the confluence of the Naches River, the Yakima River flows
through a narrow gap (Selah Gap). About 10 miles downstream, it is
joined by Ahtanum Creek and flows through Union Gap into the broad
portion of the valley, which extends to Prosser, where the canyon
again narrows for several miles. The valley areas from Prosser to
the mouth are small, narrow patches adjacent to the river.
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IV-3
C. Climate
The climate is variable. In the upper Cascades, annual precipita-
tion may reach over 100 inches, whereas in the valley floor it may be
as low as 6 inches. This variation is the result of orographic
rainfall from the Pacific Ocean (i.e., the high mountains literally
wring out the moisture as it passes over, and the valley is left in
the rain shadow of the mountains). Much of the precipitation occurs
as snow in the upper reaches. Most of the year in the valley areas
the climate is relatively mild, but extreme temperatures of minus 5
degrees Fahrenheit and over 100 degrees Fahrenheit do occur. Generally,
frost-free days may be expected from mid-May to mid-September. The use
of smudge pots and other devices to alleviate effects of frost are used
to protect orchard crops from unusually low spring temperatures.
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V. WATER RESOURCES OF THE STUDY AREA
A. Surface Water
1. Existing Water Resource Development
Lands in Yakima River Basin have been irrigated since before
the turn of the century. At present, six major reservoirs store water
for use on about 450,000 irrigable acres (see FIGURE V-l, Schematic
Diagram). These reservoirs have a combined usable capacity of about
1,072,000 acre-feet, as shown below.
RESERVOIR ACRE-FEET
Keechelus 157,800
Kachess 239,000
Cle Elum 436,900
Bumping Lake 33,700
Rimrock (Tieton) 198,000
Clear Lake 5,300
Wenas Creek 1,300
In addition to the proposed Bumping Lake Enlargement, further
development of storage may be provided in the proposed Bureau of Indian
Affair's Toppenish-Simcoe Project on Simcoe Creek (37,000 acre-feet)
and there are possibilities for storage on Teanaway River, Little Naches
River, Ahtanum Creek, Cle Elum Reservoir, and the main Yakima River
below Ellensburg. FIGURE V-2 shows the location of major reservoirs
and streams on which additional storage development is possible.
All waters in Yakima River Basin, except for some surplus
flow during winter months, are fully appropriated. The following list
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KEECHELUSRES.
157,800 A.F. *
KACHESS RES.
2 39,000 A.F.
3&CLEELUM RES.
436,900 A.F.
»Cle Elum
ELLENSBURG
ROZA CANAL
LitHeJ\h
t
N\ -C
Naches* SelaHvC5^ »MoxeeCity
ttx^sS--n^rr-4?vv'.-'
gi^
\\*"
o^
InionGap fcA
^l10
• \\0i-11IUII
\\0Gronger
Toppenish»\\
>Sunnyside
Av t\
/4» Wapa1o»V\_Zi]lah
IMROCK RES. / VT^r
198,000A.F. / Toppenish,\fGr°r
PROPOSED
| ENLARGEMENT
BUMPING LAKE RES,
33,700 to 458,OOOA.F.
eGrandview
\
Note;
Return drains add to flow
between Parker and K/'ono.
LEGEND
T U.S.G.S. Gage
Vy Reservoir
^ Diversion Dam
• City
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION,8WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE'.8/65)
PORTLAND, OREGON
FIGURE V-l
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KEECHELUS
RESERVOIR fl KACHESS
RESERVOIR
DUMPING
ENLARGEMENT
5 0 5 10 15
Scole In Miles
LEGEND
Irrigated Acreage
Storage
Diversions or
Drainages
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
STORAGE,DIVERSIONS and
IRRIGATED ACREAGE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION,8 WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE:8/65)
PORTLAND.OREGON
FIGURE V-2
-------
V-4
summarizes water rights in the basin and shows that much of the water
would be reused several times if all rights were exercised simultaneously
during summer months:
MEAN FLOW AT KIONA
MONTH WATER RIGHTS (1941 - 1962)
cfs
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
cfs
630
630
690
4,360
6,740
7,360
7,390
7,220
5,070
2,860
630
630
3,499
3,956
4,122
4,800
6,080
5,971
2,206
1,673
1,814
2,528
3,202
4,180
With existing storage, all water rights can be met during
normal water years. However, during dry years, storage is inadequate
and the available water is prorated according to the priorities
established by court action as set forth in the Consent Decree of 1945.
Records show that flows below some diversion points, particularly those
below Sunnyside and Prosser, fall to less than 50 cfs for several days
at a time.
Records for Parker (see APPENDIX A) show that diversions at
Sunnyside have depleted the stream to a minimum day of 14.5 cfs and a
minimum month of 107 cfs. These minimum flows can occur in any of the
* Data obtained from Bureau of Reclamation summaries.
-------
V-5
months from July through October, depending on climatic conditions.
Return flows exert substantial recovery to a minimum day of 730 cfs
and a minimum month of 1,216 cfs at Kiona.
2. Stream Flow Frequency Analysis
Historical records show that relatively consistent regulation
has occurred in the basin since 1941, making it possible with minor
adjustments at several locations to develop low-flow frequency
probabilities by standard analytic procedures. A low-flow frequency
analysis was performed using the mean monthly flows of record for the
twenty-two years from 1941 through 1962. Mean monthly low flows with
recurrence intervals of 2, 5, and 10 years were developed from records
at Cle Elum, Umtanum, Parker, and Kiona. These flows are presented in
APPENDIX A (Tables 3, 4, and 5).
FIGURE V-3 shows the effect of diversions at Parker and the
increased flow contributed by return flows between Parker and Kiona.
The net loss of water shown is believed lost through evapo-transpiration
processes and percolation to ground water aquifers. FIGURE V-3 also
points out the April-May-June flood peak or water which would be
available for additional storage development.
3. Quality of Water Available
Yakima River water is reduced in quality as it flows down-
stream. TABLE V-l and APPENDIX B are typical examples of water quality
at several locations along the river. FIGURE V-4 typifies dissolved
solids at various stream flows.
-------
i
N D
Ellensburg
6000
5000
4000
3000
20T|C
"I
I
100%-
J--X A M J J A S
YAK
kZJnion
f-Gap
TIN D
,:,:¥«¥:.. 2QQO/
- ••••'•:•'•••:•:;:;:;:;:>:"• ••:.•::.. /^
*Vlooo-
: : ~^v As
1
,_
—
c
— '
f
>
I—
f
•»
**
— ^
r^
~~
-5
£
c
p
Granger
/
FMAMJJASO
^
<^
3000
5 0 5 10 15 !000
Scale In Miles
0
Kiona
J F H A M J J A S 0 N 1)
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN,WASHINGTON
YA KI MA RIVER STREAMFLOW, C FS
(Ten-Year Recurrence Interval)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATIONS WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE: 8/65)
PORTLANO.OREGON
FIGURE V-3
-------
tr
UJ
250-
O
ISO-
_
o
in
o 100
UJ
50H
CLE ELUM
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
YAKIMA RIVER FLOW-CUBIC FEET/SECOND
7000
Note:
Data from U.S.G.S., Quality of Surface
Waters of the United States 1965 - 61
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
DISSOLVED SOLIDS VARIATIONS
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.SWELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE:8/65)
PORTLAND.OREGON
FIGUREV-4
-------
V-8
The phosphate and nitrate concentrations shown in TABLE V-l
for lower reaches are in excess of threshold limits for stimulation
of nuisance aquatic organisms. The overall mineral quality, however,
is adequate for municipal and most industrial water uses.
TABLE V-l
WATER QUALITY - YAKIMA RIVER
Concentration, mg/1
Constituent
Cle Elum
Parker
Kiona
SiO«
Fe
Ca
MB
Na
K
PO
so?
ci
NO,
HCOo
Total Hardness as CaCO-j. .
Total Alkalinity as CaCO-j.
6.3
0.05
5.0
1.7
0.8
0.4
0.00
1.1
0.5
0.1
. 26
. 28
. 21
. 22
15.0
0.02
12.0
3.5
6.4
1.3
0.08
5.0
2.5
0.4
64
86
48
55
39.0
0.01
32.0
9.9
20.0
3.6
0.31
22.0
7.5
2.7
165
200
65
140
Examples of the bacterial quality of Yakima River water are
given in FIGURE V-5. Between Yakima and Granger, where maximum
bacterial (coliform) counts occur, nearly all of the flow is diverted
to the irrigation canals on both sides of the river.
Results of several sampling runs conducted by the Public
Health Service in the summer of 1962 are shown in APPENDIX B (Table 2).
-------
10,000
E
o
o
o
o
. 1,000
LJ
_j
CO
<
CD
O
I
«>
a
ki
100
I
I
I
200
180 160 140 120 100 80 60
YAKIMA RIVER-MILES FROM MOUTH
40 20
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
COLIFORM BACTERIA COUNTS
Sept. 19-20, 1962
U S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.S WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE: 8/es)
PORTLAND, OREGON
FIGURE V-5
-------
V-10
According to these runs, the fecal coliform and fecal streptococci
counts follow the same pattern and together show that much of the
pollution is from human wastes. The bacterial quality of the Yakima
River below Yakima is unsatisfactory for swimming and as a raw water
supply for municipal and food processing purposes. All cities are
now chlorinating effluents or will be by the summer of 1965 at the
direction of the Washington* State Pollution Control Commission.
Heavy growths of plankton and higher life forms are found
in the Yakima River from Roza Diversion Dam to the mouth of the river
(see APPENDIX B, Table 3). Photosynthetic and respirational activi-
ties of these organisms are believed responsible for the diurnal
fluctuation in DO (65 to 110 per cent of saturation), pH, alkalinity,
CO , etc., in the Yakima River, indicated by these data.
Large releases of cool water from storage, combined with
inflow from the principal unregulated streams, result in relatively
low summer temperatures in the upper Yakima River downstream to Parker.
Average values are less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Between Parker and
Kiona, water temperatures rise rapidly to attain values of 70 to 80
degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures below Kiona remain essentially
unchanged to the river mouth (see FIGURE V-6 and APPENDIX B, Tables
4a, 4b, and 4c). Water temperatures between Parker and Kiona rise
rapidly even at relatively high discharges (300 to 3,000 cfs at
Parker). Low stream velocities in wide stream sections appear to
cause this rise.
-------
70-
LJ
cr
ID
o:
UJ
Q.
cr
UJ
I
60-
50-
YAKIMA RIVER MILES
175
UJ
UJ
_i
o
150
125
100
O
Q.
i
75
50
o:
I
O
25
0
Q
I
O
Q:
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
WATER TEMPATURE PROFILES
August 1955
US. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.aWELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE'8/65)
PORTLAND, OREGON
FIGURE V-6
-------
V-12
DO in Yakima River exhibits considerable diurnal fluctuation
and is lowest in the vicinity of Granger (6.0 to 6.5 mg/1). The DO
pattern shown in FIGURE V-7 indicates that the effect of photosynthetic
organisms govern the DO regimen of the river.
Organic matter, in terms of BOD, varies from less than 1 mg/1
in the upper reaches to an average of about 3 mg/1 below Union Gap.
BOD values observed during 1961 and 1962 at three representative
locations along the Yakima River (i.e., Selah Gap, Granger, and
Frosser) are tabulated in APPENDIX B, Table 1.
The Public Health Service surveillance station near the
mouth of Yakima River has detected DDD, DDE, DDT, and Dieldrin in
river waters. The station has not been in operation long enough to
ascertain the source or significance of these pesticide materials.
The chemical, physical, and biological quality of irrigation
return flow has been studied by Sylvester' and by the Public Health
Service. Data obtained in these studies show that turbidity, BOD,
dissolved solids, coliform organisms, and temperature are somewhat
higher in irrigation drains than in the river. It is also evident
that drains contain high numbers of coliform organisms (see APPENDIX B,
Table 5).
* Sylvester, R. 0., "A Study on the Character and Significance
of Irrigation Return Flows in the Yakima River Basin",
University of Washington, February 1962.
-------
2.5
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN,WASHIN6TON
DISSOLVED OXYGEN,% SATURATION
SEPT. 19-20,1961
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.a WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX (DATE 9/65) PORTLAND,OREGON
FIGUREV-7
-------
V-14
B. Ground Water
1. Quantity
Ground water in Yakima River Basin is an important complement
to the surface water resources of the area. Most of the municipalities
in the basin, with the exception of Roslyn and Easton, utilize ground
water for supply purposes. In addition, ground water is used
extensively by self-supplied industries, rural residences, and
irrigators. The U. S. Geological Survey lists the 1951 ground water
withdrawals in the basin as:*
Irrigation 23,900 acre-feet per year
Industrial 14,600 acre-feet per year
Municipal 7,800 acre-feet per year
Domestic 5.365 acre-feet per year
TOTAL 51,665 acre-feet per year
According to the USGS, the valley is composed of discreet ground water
basins that have outlets roughly the same as the river outlets below
Ellensburg, at Selah Gap, at Union Gap, and below Prosser.
2. Quality
Chemical analyses, including field determinations of hardness
and chloride, have been run by the USGS on over 40 wells in the basin.
The breakdown by formation is as follows:
Ellensburg Formation. .
Cemented Gravel ....
Unconsolidated Alluvium
No. of
Samples
6
. 9
. 10
. 19
Cl
(ppm)
1.2- 8
6-26
5-26
0.7- 14
Hardness
as CaCOo
54-95
75-240
120-265
49-148
*Sceva, Jack E., USGS, Water Resources Division, "Gehydraulic Evaluation
of Stream Flow Records in the Yakima River Basin, Washington".
-------
V-15
Data on several additional wells throughout the valley are shown in
APPENDIX B, Table 6. The mineral content of ground water is higher
than that of surface water, but is less than 500 mg/1 (recommended
standard) in nearly all cases. Some wells tapping the basalt aquifer
reportedly contain small amounts of hydrogen sulfide.
Ground water quality in the Yakima River Basin appears to
be acceptable for domestic use, with no treatment other than disinfec-
tion. However, many municipal water companies, including Grandview,
Prosser, Sunnyside, Mabton, Toppenish, Selah, and Nob Hill, have
treatment problems resulting from objectionable quantities of
hydrogen sulfide and/or methane gas. A slime-like growth, at least
partly attributable to the gas, has also been found in some well
supplies.
-------
VI. THE ECONOMY
A. General
The demand for water for municipal and industrial purposes, and
the amount and character of waste waters resulting from such uses, are
determined largely by the activities associated with a region's
economic base. The purpose of this section is to present economic and
demographic data to be used as a basis for projecting the needs for
water for municipal and industrial purposes and for estimating the
future amounts and types of waste and land drainage material that may
be expected to occur in the Yakima River Basin with the expanded
development anticipated in the future.
B. Present
1. Economic Activities
Employment by industry in the Yakima 3-County Area in 1960
is shown in Table VI-1. Table VI-2 shows the per cent of the total
labor force in each industry group in the Yakima 3-County Area, and
compares that distribution with the Seattle Region and with the United
States as a whole. An estimated employment distribution for the
Yakima Valley is shown in Table VI-2. The difference between the
employment pattern in the Yakima Valley and the 3-County Area is
mainly the result of the inclusion in the latter of the Hanford Atomic
Works and various industries that have grown up as a result of it in
Richland and Kennewick. In the industrial classification, the Hanford
Atomic Works, with more than 6,000 employees, is classified as a
"chemical" industry.
-------
VI-2
TABLE VI-1
LABOR FORCE, BY INDUSTRY GROUP, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA, APRIL 1960
Industry Group
Benton Kittitas Yakima
3- County
Total
Agriculture
Forest management; fisheries
Mining
1832 1224
9 45
3 110
Manuf as
Total
Logging, lumber, wood pr. ,furn.
Primary & fabric, metals
Machinery, incl. electrical
Other durable joods
Food and kindred products
Textiles and apparel
Printing, publishing, and allied
Chemical and allied
Other non-durables, & misc. mfrs.
Construction
Truck trausp. and warehousing
R.R. & other transportation
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Education
All other services—'
Industry not reported
Total Employed Civilian Labor
Force
Military
Total Employed Labor Force
Unemployed
TOTAL LABOR FORCE
8097
17
48
31
109
423
13
272
7097^'
87
629
269
45
20
43
195
0
53
0
4
2179
412
22072
826
22898
1561
24459
825
136
7271
24
7295
653
7948
3101
189
426
311
2770
1239
4605
142.
154
205
1246
938
1617
1514
689
3051
7472
2491
11628
773
49014
281
49295
5563
54858
6105
1845
1269
3567
11488
4668
17850
1321
78357
1131
79488
7777
87265
a/ More than 6000 of these employees were at the Hanford Atomic Works.
b_/ Includes 213 in "Pulp, Paper, and Allied Products", according to Washington
Stite covered employment data for April 1960.
£/ Includes communications and utilities; finance, insurance, real estate,
business and repair services; personal services, private household workers,
entertainment and recreation; professional and related services; and public
administration.
Source: U. S. Census of Population, 1960.
-------
VI-3
TABLE VI-2
COMPARATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LABOR FORCE, BY INDUSTRY GROUP, APRIL 1960
(As Percent of Total Labor Force)
Yakima
Industry Group Valley
a/
Agriculture
Forest management; fisheries
Mining
Manufacturing. Total
Logging, lumber, wood pr., furn.
Primary and fabricated metals
Machinery, incl. electrical
Other durable goods
Food and kindred products
Textiles and apparel
Printing, publishing and allied
Chemical and allied
Other non-durables, and misc. mfrs.
21.3
.1
.2
10.6
1.9
.3
.5
.8
4.5
.6
1.0
.5
.5
3-County
Area
y
17.4
.1
.2
17.0
1.4
.3
.4
.8
3.8
.4
1.0
8.5£/
.4
Seattle
Region
c/
4.5
.5
.1
24.1
5.0
1.6
i:k
2.6
.6
1.3
1.1
2.2
United
States
6.1
.1
.9
25.1
1.5
3.6
4.4
4.6
2.6
3.1
1.6
1.2
2.5
Construction
Truck transp. and warehousing
R.R. and other transportation
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Education
All other services*/
Industry not reported
Total Employed Civilian Labor Force
Military
Unemployed
TOTAL LABOR FORCE
6.3
7.0
5.8
5.5
2.6
1.3
5^2
13.9
5.5
21.2
1.4
89.6
.5
9.9
100.0
2.1
1.5
4.1
13.2
5.3
20.4
1.5
89.8
1.3
8.9
100.0
1.2
3.1
3.7
13.5
5.2
24.8
2.6
89.1
4.6
6.3
100.0
1.3
2.6
3.2
13.7
4.8
25.5
3.7
92.5
2.5
5.0
100.0
a/ Based on the distribution in Kittitas and Yakima Counties. It is assumed
that the portion of Benton County included in the Yakima Valley has an
employment pattern similar to the other two counties.
b_/ Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
£/ Defined as Washington State, less 5 counties in southwestern Washington (in
the Portland Region) and 15 counties in eastern Washington (in the Spokane
Region.
d/ Includes the Boeing Co. at Seattle.
e/ Includes the Hanford Atomic Works.
if See Table 1, note c.
Source: U. S. Census of Population, 1960.
-------
VI-4
The comparisons in Table VI-2 show that the economic base of
the Yakima Valley depends primarily upon specialization in agriculture
and food processing. There is also more employment in trucking,
warehousing, and wholesale trade than would be expected on the basis
of the employment pattern in the Seattle Region and in the United
States. This is due to food-processing activities, and to the fact
that the City of Yakima acts as a collection and distribution center
for a somewhat larger area than the three counties. There is also
above-"normal" employment in education, resulting from the Central
Washington State College at Ellensburg and a junior college at Yakima.
The larger than "normal" employment in construction is not considered
to be part of the permanent economic base, but to result principally
from unusual building activity in the area at the time of the 1960
census.—
Table VI-3 provides data on the agricultural production of
the Yakima 3-County Area. Of the 526,000 acres of crop land harvested
in the 3-County Area in 1959, 345,000 were irrigated. In addition to
this crop land irrigated, 113,000 more acres of land in uses other than
for crops (pasture, etc.) were irrigated. Most of the irrigation is
provided through organized irrigation districts, rather than by on-farm
I/ Construction activity at Wanapum Dam was near its peak in 1960,
while at Priest Rapids Dam final construction, including installa-
tion of generators, was still under way. Employees at these two
sites, most of whom lived in Kittitas and Yakima Counties, would
account for much of the above-average employment in construction
in the 3-County Area.
-------
VI-5
TABLE VI-3
ACREAGE HARVESTED, BY PRINCIPAL CROPS, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA, 1959
In Thousands of Acres
Type of Crop
Crops Harvested
from Irrigated Acreage
Individual Counties
Corn
Winter wheat
Spring wheat
Oats
Barley
Beans, dry field and seed
Peas, dry field and seed
Hay
Hops
Potatoes
Sugar Beets
Asparagus
Sweet corn
Tomatoes
Green peas
Orchards & vineyards
Misc. & not classified
TOTAL
Benton
5.7
.9
2.5
.6
.7
1.1
.1
8.9
1.3
2.3
2.1
1.7
.3
-
.8
5.6
_LZ
140.3
Kittitas
.9
.3
5.A
5-9
1.9
-
.6
*42.8
-
1.3
.8
-
2.3
-
.3
.2
._2
62.9
Yakima
*4l.5
.k
9.0
2.0
' 6.1
-
.2
Mt. 9
17.0
*».5
1*4. *4
10.2
8.1
1.1
1.5
61 .*4
19.8
2*42.1
3-County
Total
*48.1
1.6
16.9
8.5
8.7
1.1
.9
96.6
18.3
8.1
17.3
11.9
10.7
1.1
2.6
67.2
.ILJ
3^5.3
Total
Acreage,
Including
non~
irrigated,
3-County
Total
*49.3
113.8
23-7
9-6
35.6
1.1
.9
10*1.1
18.3
8.2
17.3
11.9
10.9
1.1
2.6
69.0
*48.*4
525.8
Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
Source: U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1959, Washington State volume, Table 11a,
page 206.
-------
VI-6
sources. With the exceptions of winter wheat and barley, nearly all
crops are grown only on irrigated land. These provide the raw material
for the basin's important food-products manufacturing industry. As
shown in Table VI-3, orchards are a major component in the agricultural
economy. Livestock and poultry are also important in the basin. Dairy,
s
meat and poultry products from the Yakima Valley are shipped to cities
throughout the Northwest, particularly to the populous Puget Sound area.
Yakima County is the leading county in Washington State in value of
farm products sold. It ranks first in the State in production of tree
fruits, grapes, sugar beets, vegetables, cattle, sheep, and turkeys.
It is also the leading county in the Nation in production of apples,
hops, and mint.
2. Population
The population of the Yakima Valley was about 177,000 in
1960, and the population of the 3-County Area was about 228,000. The
difference is due to the exclusion from the Yakima Valley of the most
populous parts of Benton County, as shown in Table VI-4. Of the
177,000 in the Yakima Valley, 145,000 were in Yakima County. Data
are also presented in Table VI-4 for a "Yakima Urban Area", which
includes the suburban development surrounding the City of Yakima,
as well as the population within the incorporated limits of the city.
The boundaries used for this "urban area" are described in footnote
"b" of Table VI-4.
-------
VI-7
TABLE VI-4
POPULATION, BY COUNTY AND INCORPORATED PLACES,
YAKIMA VALLEY ECONOMIC AREA AND 3-COUNTY AREA
County or City
1940
1950
1960
KITTITAS COUNTY, TOTAL
Cle Elum
Ellensburg
Kittitas
Roslyn
South Cle Elum
Unincorporated — '
YAKIMA COUNTY, TOTAL
Yakima Urban Area £'
Yakima City
Union Gap City
Unincorporated suburban — '
Grandview
Granger
Harrah
Mabton
Moxee City
Naches
Selah
Sunnyside
Tie ton
Toppenish
Wapato
Zillah
Unincorp. outside Yakima urban area —
BENTON COUNTY, TOTAL
BENTON COUNTY INSIDE YAKIMA VALLEY, TOTAL
Benton City
Prosser
West Rich land
Unincorp. portion of CCD's 12,13,14 £'
TOTAL, YAKIMA VALLEY £/
BENTON COUNTY, OUTSIDE YAKIMA VALLEY, TOTAL
Kennewick
Richland
Unincorporated
TOTAL, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA 2/
20230
2230
5944
501
1743
n.a.
9812
99019
n.a.
27221
976
n.a.
1449
752
n.a.
485
335
536
1130
2368
n.a.
3683
1483
803
n.a.
12053
n.a.
n.a.
1719
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1918
n.a.
n.a.
131302
22235
2206
8430
586
1537
442
9034
135723
60648
38486
1766
20396
2503
1164
297
831
543
633
2489
4194
620
5265
3185
911
52440
51370
8697
863
2636
n.a.
5198
166655
42673
10106
21809
10758
209328
20467
1816
8625
536
1283
383
7824
145112
65608
43284
2100
20224
3366
1424
284
958
499
680
2824
6208
479
5667
3137
1059
52919
62070
11631
1210
2763
1347
6311
177210
50439
14244
23548
12647
227649
Footnotes on following page.
-------
VI-7a
TABLE VI-4 (continued)
POPUIATION, BY COUNTY AND INCORPORATED PLACES,
YAKIMA VALLEY ECONOMIC AREA AND 3-COUNTY AREA
aj Includes all unincorporated areas as of year shown, including portions
marked "n.a." (not available) which were later incorporated.
b/ Defined to include Yakima County 1960 Census Divisions 9,10,11,12,15,
16,17,18,19, and Yakima City. Included within these divisions are the
City of Union Gap and the unincorporated communities of Fairview,
Fruitvale, South Broadway and Sumach.
c/ Includes all of Kittitas and Yakima Counties and Census County Divisions
~" 12,13,14, and "Prosser" in Benton County.
d/ Includes all of Kittitas, Yakima and Benton Counties.
SOURCE: U. S. Census of Population, 1940, 1950, 1960, April 1.
-------
VI-8
C. Projected Economic Base and Population
1. Future Increases in Output and Employment
of Major Industries
a. Summary
The economy of the Yakima Valley is heavily dependent
upon agriculture and food processing, with some additional specializa-
tion in lumber and wood products manufacturing, trucking, warehousing,
wholesaling, and education. Future growth of the Valley's economy and
population will depend primarily upon expansion of these same
industries. The only other growth factors foreseeable are the
possibilities of increased employment in services connected with
recreation, the spill-over effects that would be felt from further
development and diversification at Hanford, the proposed development of
coal mines near Cle Elum, and the stimulus that might result if barge
navigation on the Columbia River is extended to Wenatchee.
b. Agriculture
It is assumed that there will be no significant increase
in total acreage, but that irrigated acreage will increase slowly
during the study period. A rate of growth in irrigated acreage of
0.2 per cent per year has been adopted for this study.
It is assumed that cattle population in the Yakima
Valley will increase at about the rate projected for the population
of Washington State, or about 2.0 per cent per year. That same rate
of increase has also been assumed for hogs and pigs, whose number in
the 3-County Area increased substantially from 1954 to 1959. It is
-------
VI-9
assumed that poultry numbers in the Yakima Valley will increase at only
half the rate expected for State population, or at about 1.0 per cent
per year. This also approximates the rate of increase in poultry
production in Yakima County during 1954-59. It is assumed in this
report that the number of milk cows in the Yakima Valley will slowly
increase at 0.5 per cent per year. On the basis of the growth rates
assumed above, animal populations in the Yakima 3-County Area in the
future would be as follows:
1959 1985 2010
Milk Cows 19,766 22,500 25,500
Other Cattle .... 198,211 331,700 544,200
Hogs & Figs .... 25,636 42,900 70,400
Chickens 334,503 433,300 555,600
It is assumed here that average productivity per acre
in the Yakima Basin will increase at 2 per cent per year during the
study period.
c. Food Processing
On the basis of preceding assumptions, the raw material
for food processing in the Yakima Valley would increase at about 2.2
per cent per year (0.2 per cent from increases in acreage, and 2.0
per cent from increases in productivity per acre). Additional
increases are expected as a result of diverting irrigated land
presently used for hay and grains to specialty crops to be used in
freezing and canning. It is assumed that the combined effect of these
factors will be that the raw materials available for food processing
and the output of food-processing plants in the Yakima Valley in 1985
-------
VI-10
will be about double the 1960 level and, in 2010, about four times the
1960 level. For purposes of this study, it is further assumed that
this same growth rate will apply to all crops now processed, so that
the relative proportions among the various food products will remain
the same in the future as at present. It is assumed here that the
growth in food processing will represent expansion at or near existing
plants. This assumption might have to be revised if river barge
navigation is extended from Pasco to Wenatchee, in which case there
might be some advantages in locating plants along the Columbia River.
d. Lumber and Wood Products
There appears to be the possibility of expansion in
production and employment in this industrial category based upon
harvesting species which are not now being cut, such as lodgepole pine,
larch, Engleman spruce, mountain hemlock, and alpine fir. This could
provide the raw material for manufacture of pulp or hardboard or other
wood composition products. Because of the large pulp and paper
facilities already well established over the Cascades in Western
Washington and because the transportation of chips across the
mountains from CheIan County has already proved to be economically
feasible, it seems unlikely that additional pulp or paper capacity
will be built in the Yakima Basin. The most likely use of secondary
species manufactured within the Yakima Basin would be for hardboard
or particle board. It is assumed, for purposes of estimating
industrial wastes, that two such plants will be established during
the study period, with Cle Elum and Yakima the most likely sites.
-------
VI-11
It is assumed that the harvest of major species now being cut in the
Yakima Basin will remain about at the present level throughout the
study period. There can be some increase in employment in this sector,
however, due to increases in fabricating of secondary products, though
such an increase will be partly offset by increases in output per
man hour.
e. Coal Mining
Coal reserves in the Yakima Basin, located in Kittitas
County near Roslyn and Cle Elum, are estimated at 241 million tons. A
tentative proposal has been made by a group of PUD's to re-activate
the mines there, which are now virtually closed, for thermal power
purposes. Whether the coal mines are re-opened for this purpose will
depend on the relative cost advantages between coal-fired and nuclear-
fired steam power generation. It is assumed in this study for water
resource planning purposes that a 500,000 kw steam-power plant will be
in operation near the coal deposits by 1985. Such a plant would
require about 1.3 million tons of coal per year of the quality found
in Kittitas County and would employ about 300 persons in mining and
generating plant operations.
f. Diversified Manufacturing
With the growth in the size of the local economy, it is
anticipated that there will be a more than proportionate growth in the
local manufacture of products now imported into the area. Table VI-2
shows how the percentage of the labor force in the Yakima Valley in
most manufacturing categories falls far below that in the Seattle Region
-------
VI-12
and the United States. It is expected that with growth the Yakima
Valley will tend to move in the direction of the greater diversifica-
tion characteristic of the larger areas. This would mean increases in
employment in such classifications as fabricated metals, machinery,
"other durables", and "other non-durables".
g. Service Industries
It is assumed that Yakima will continue to act as a
center for trucking, warehousing, and wholesaling services, and that
employment in them will increase with the increase in State population.
The State college at Ellensburg doubled in number of
students during the past decade and is expected to double again during
the next decade. It is assumed here that the growth of the college
will continue during the study period, although at a slower rate
during the latter part of the period.
h. Recreation
There appear to be possibilities for development of
recreation and tourism activities along the eastern slopes of the
Cascades. This would add to the economic base of the area and
contribute to the increase in employment in "all other services", as
shown in Table VI-5.
2. Future Labor Force
On the basis of the preceding assumptions, an illustrative
distribution of the labor force in the Yakima 3-County Area in 1985
and 2010 is given in Table VI-5.
-------
VI-13
TABLE VI-5
ESTIMAT2D FUTURE POPULATION OF THE YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA ,
AND AN ILLUSTRATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FUTURE LABOR FORCE, 1960-20103-'
Employment, nearest thousand
Industry Group 1960 1985 2010
Agriculture, forest management, fisheries,
and mining 15.5 16 17
Manufacturing. Total 14.8 25_ 37_
Logging, lumber, wood prod., furn.—' . 1.2 2 3
Primary and fabricated metals,
machinery, transp. equip.,
and all orher durables 1.2 4 7
Food and kindred products 3.3 5 7 •
Chemicals and allied 7.4 10£/ 12-7
Textiles, apparel, printing, and other
non-durables, and misc. mfr. 1.7 4 8
Trucking and warehousing 1.8 3 5
Education 4.7 8 11
All other services, including construction
and "industry not reported" 41.6 61 89
Total Employed Civilian Labor Force 78.4 113 159
Military 1.1 1 2
Total Employed Labor Force 79.5 114 161
Unemployed 7.8 7 8
Unemployed as percent of total employed
labor force (9.8%) (6.1%) (5.0%)
Total Labor Force 87.3 121 169
Population (nearest thousand) 228 314^/ 434^
Total labor force as percent of population (38.3%) (38.5%) (39%)
aj Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
b_/ Includes hardboard, etc.
c_/ It is assumed that the Hanford atomic works will continue, with some
moderate expansion in employment, and that there will be growth of other
more conventional chemical manufacturing, particularly in the field of
agricv. uural chemicals.
d/ Also corresponds to projections in North Cascade Mountains Study. CBIAC,
Jan. 1964, Part I, Table 1, page 42.
-------
VI-14
3. Estimated Future Population
Table VI-5 gives an estimate of population in the Yakima
3-County Area in 1985 and 2010. The growth rate for the 3-County
Area's population would be 1.3 per cent per year during both the
1960-85 and 1985-2010 periods.
As shown in Table VI-4, the portion of the Yakima 3-County
Area's population that was within the Yakima Valley was 79.6 per cent
in 1950 and 77.8 per cent in 1960. Although it is assumed that the
Richland-Kennewick area will grow less rapidly in the future than it
has in the past, it is anticipated that the population in the Yakima
Valley will probably continue to decline slowly as a percentage of the
3-County Area. Here, it is assumed that the Yakima Valley will
constitute 76 per cent of the 3-County Area's population in 1985 and
75 per cent in 2010. These percentages applied to the preceding
projections for the 3-County Area would mean that population within
the Yakima Valley would be:
1960 177,000
1985 239,000
2010 326,000
The incorporated places in the Yakima Valley, as shown in
Table VI-4, and including the entire Yakima City Urban Area, as
defined in that table, constituted about 60 per cent of the total
Valley population in 1950 and about 62 per cent in 1960. It is
assumed that this trend will continue and that population in incor-
porated places in 1985 will represent about 67 per cent of the Valley
population in 1985 and about 72 per cent in 2010. This would mean that
-------
VI-15
population in incorporated places in the Valley would be 160,000 in
1985 and 235,000 in 2010. The growth rate for incorporated places,
taken as a whole, would be about 1.6 per cent per year during the
study period. The bulk of the growth is likely to be in the Yakima
Urban Area, with Ellensburg and the Cle Elum-Roslyn area also
participating because of the economic base factors discussed above.
Table VI-6 provides a general guide to the growth that might
reasonably be expected to occur in each city. Table VI-6 should be
regarded as simply a working hypotheses for planning purposes.
In order to facilitate planning for water supplies and
waste disposal, the Yakima Valley has been divided into six service
areas, and the projected future population of the Valley has been
distributed among these areas, as shown in Table VI-7. The distribu-
tion of unincorporated population has been made on the basis of a
judgment as to the potential for expansion of agriculture in the
various areas and the probabilities of growth in suburban population.
-------
VI-16
TABLE VI-6
ILLUSTRATIVE PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE POPUIATION IN INCORPORATED PLACES
YAKIMA. VALLEY
(Population to nearest thousand)
City or Area
Kittitas County;
Cle Elum, South Cle Elum, and Roslyn
(total population)
Ellensburg
Kittitas
Yakima County;
Yakima Urban Area£/
Grandview
Granger
Harrah
Mabton
Moxee City
Naches
Selah
Sunnyside
Tieton
Toppenish
Wapato
Zillah
Bencon County (portion in Yakima Basin)
Benton City
Prosser
West Richland
TOTAL, INCORPORATED PLACES IN
1960
3.5
8.6
.5
65.6
3.4
1.4
.3
1.0
.5
.7
2.8
6.2
.5
5.7
3.1
1.1
:
1.2
2.8
1.3
YAKIMA. BASIN 110.2
1985
5.0
12.5
.6
100.0
4.9
2.0
o
1.4
.6
.8
4.1
9.0
.6
6.4
3.6
1.5
1.7
3.1
1.9
160.0
2010
7.4
18.1
.7
153.0
7.2
2.9
.4
2.0
.7
.9
5.9
13.0
.7
7.3
4.0
2.2
2.3
3.5
2.8
235.0
i/ ?or ^eJiriibicn oi Yakiaa Urban Area, see Table 8 footnote^.
-------
VI-17
TABLE VI-7
PROJECTED FUTURE POPULATION IN THE YAKIMA VALLEY, BY SERVICE AREAS
(Population to nearest thousand)
Area 1950 1960 1985 2010
a/
Cle Elum - Roslyn Arerr
Incorporated places-'
Unincorporated
6.5
4.2
2.3
4.8
3.5
1.3
6.7
5.:
1.7
9.5
7.4
2.1
Ellensfaurg - Kittitas Area£/ 15.7 .15.7 21.6 29.3
Incorporated places!/ 9.0 9.2H/ 13.1 18.8
Unincorporated 6.7 6.5 8.5 10.5
Naches - Yakima - Moxee City Area6./ 84.6 89.2 123.1 186.1
Incorporated places^' 64.9 70.1 106.1 161.2
Unincorporated 19.7 19.1 22.0 24.9
Wapato - Toppenish AreaS/ 28.0 28.5 33.4 38.7
Incorporated places]!/ 9.7 10.1—' 11.8 13.9
Unincorporated 18.3 18.4 21.6 24.8
Sunnyside - Grandview Areai/ 23.1 27.4 35.4 45.9
Incorporated places!/ 8.7 12.0 17.3 25.1
Unincorporated 14.4 15.4 1S.1 • 20.8
Prosser - Benton City Area£/ 8.7 11.6. 13.S 16.5
Incorporated places^' n.a. 5.3 6.7 8.6
Unincorporated n.a. 6.3 7.1 7.9
TOTAL YAKIMA VALLEY 166.6 177.2 239.0 326.0
Incorporated places n.a. 110.2 160.0 235.0
Unincorporated n.a. 67.0 79.0 91.0
a,/ Kittitas County Census Divisions 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
b/ Roslyn, Cle Elum, and South Cle Elutn.
£/ Kittitas County Census Divisions 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and Ellensburg.
<[/ Kittitas and Ellensburg.
e/ Yakima County Census Divisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, Selah and Yakima.
£/ Includes Yakima and Union Gap, and certain unincorporated suburban area as
defined in footnote "b" in Table 8, and also Tieton, Niches, Selah, and
Moxee City.
£/ Yakima County Census Divisions 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 39, 40, Toppenish and Wapato.
h/ Harrah, Toppenish, Wapato, and Zillah.
T/ Yakima County Census Divisions 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38, and Sunnyside.
j/ Grandview, Granger, Mabton and Sunnyside.
k/ Benton County Census Divisions 12, 13, 14, and Prosser.
I/ Benton City, Prosser, West Richland.
m/ Differs from data shown in Table 10 because of rounding.
-------
VII. WATER REQUIREMENTS—MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL
A. Present Water Use
Water use in the study area in 1960 for municipal and domestic
purposes was about 36 MGD and for industrial purposes about 9 MGD.
Approximately 70 per cent of the water used for these purposes is
obtained from underground sources. Pertinent information on water
supplies in the basin are summarized in TABLE VII-1 and are further
described below.
1. Cle Elum-Roslyn Area
The Cle Elum-Roslyn water-service area had a 1960 population
of 4,800, of which 3,500 lived in incorporated places and 1,300 lived
in unincorporated areas. A meat-packing plant, located near Cle Elum,
was the only major industrial water user in the area. Municipal water
needs were supplied primarily from surface water. The average 1960
municipal and domestic use was 1.1 MGD or 1,230 acre-feet. The
industrial use averaged 0.1 MGD.
2. Ellensburg-Kittitas Area
The 1960 population of the Ellensburg-Kittitas area was
15,700, of which 9,200 lived in incorporated places and 6,500 lived
in unincorporated areas. The Ellensburg water supply is obtained from
wells, and the supply at Kittitas is from springs. Water use in this
area for municipal and domestic purposes in 1960 averaged 3.1 MGD or
3,470 acre-feet. Industrial water use by three slaughter houses, a
rendering plant, a dairy, and a cannery averaged 0.4 MGD, with 0.87 MGD
used in September and 0.28 MGD used in January.
-------
VII-2
TABLE VII-1
WATER SUPPLY INVENTORY
Community
Pop.
Served
Ave. Plant ,
Source of Supply Output, MGIr Treatment
Ben ton City
Cle Elum
Easton
Ellensburg
Grand view
Granger
Kittitas
Mabton
Moxee
Naches
Prosser
Ronald
Roslyn
Selah
South Cle Elum
Sunny side
Tieton
Toppenish
Union Gap
Wapato
West Richland
Yakima
Zillah
1,210
2,000
300
9,500
4,000
1,530
500
980
600
650
3,250
250
1,600
3,200
415
6,200
460
6,000
2,100
3,135
800
43,000
1,200
Misc. Water Districts
3 wells
Lake Cle Elum,
Silver Creek
4 wells
6 wells
2 wells
Spring
3 wells
Well
2 wells
3 wells
Roslyn
Domeric Creek
4 wells
Springs
6 wells
2 wells
4 wells
3 wells
3 wells
2 wells
Naches R. (winter)
4 wells (summer)
3 wells
wells
0.30
2.00
0.06
2.689
1.80
0.10
0.65
0.09
0.15
0.04
0.83
0.24
0.80
0.02
1.44
0.11
1.50
0.53
1.02
0.20
11.50
8.20
0.30
1.00
None
Chlorination
None
Chlorination
Chlorination
None
None
Chlorination, Aeration
None
None
Chlorination, Aeration
See Roslyn
Chlorination
None
Chlorination
Chlorination
None
None
None
Chlorination
None
Chlorination
None
I/ Estimated or based on actual plant output.
-------
VII-3
3. Naches-Yakima-Moxee City Area
The 1960 population of this area was 89,200, of which 70,100
persons lived in incorporated places and 19,100 lived in unincorporated
places. The Yakima supply is obtained mainly from surface sources by
rights to 10 cfs from the Naches River at Oak Flat and by contract with
the Bureau of Reclamation for 6,000 acre-feet of storage. The supply
is obtained from infiltration galleries along the Naches River and
supplemented by five city wells during high-demand, low-flow periods.
An irrigation system and numerous privately owned industrial wells
augment the municipal system. Other communities in this area utilize
ground water. Food processing industries account for the area's major
industrial water use. The 1960 municipal demand in the water service
area was about 19.9 MGD or 22,300 acre-feet. The annual industrial demand
averaged 1.4 MGD, and ranged from an estimated monthly average low of
0.83 MGD in January to a maximum of 3.87 MGD in September.
4. Wapato-Toppenish Area
The 1960 population of this area was 28,500, of which 10,100
were located in incorporated places and 18,400 were in unincorporated
places. Water use for municipal and industrial purposes in 1960 was
about 4.8 MGD or 5,380 acre-feet, of which 4.4 MGD was for sugar
refining, meat packing, and other types of food processing. The
maximum industrial demand occurs in September (8.7 MGD) and falls
to about 0.02 MGD in "off" seasons.
-------
VII-4
5. Sunnyside-Grandview Area
The 1960 population of this area was 23,100, of which 8,700
resided in incorporated places and 14,400 resided in unincorporated
places. Ground water constitutes the main source of municipal and
industrial supply, and in 1960 about 4.9 MGD or 5,490 acre-feet was
used. Industrial use was about 1.8 MGD, with maximum monthly use
occurring in October (2.7 MGD) and minimum use occurring in May (1.36 MGD),
6. Prosser-Benton City Area
The 1960 population in this service area was 11,600, of which
5,300 lived in incorporated places and 6,300 lived in unincorporated
areas. Food processing, as in many other areas, constitutes the major
industrial water use. The municipal and domestic demand in 1960
averaged about 2.1 MGD or 2,350 acre-feet. Industrial demands varied
from 2.25 MGD in November to 0.15 MGD in January, and averaged 0.9 MGD
for the year. All supplies are obtained from ground water sources.
B. Forecast of Future Water Needs
The projected municipal, domestic, and industrial needs by service
areas are summarized in TABLE VII-2. and are shown graphically for the
entire area in FIGURE VII-1. Municipal and domestic water needs were
projected by applying per capita water usage data to the population
projections shown in TABLE VI-7 (Page VI-17). The per capita figures
were derived from data on 196 communities in the Pacific Northwest in
which climate, size of community, availability of water, living
standards, and other factors were taken into account. Values derived
-------
VII-5
TABLE VII-2
PRESENT AND FUTURE MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL NEEDS
BY WATER SERVICE AREAS. YAKIMA RIVER BASIN
Water Service Area
1960:
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL
1985;
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL
2010:
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnys ide-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL
Municipal-Domestic Needs
Ave. MGD
1.1
3.1
19.9
4.8
4.9
2.1
35.9
1.6
4.9
32.8
6.8
7.4
2Q
56.4
2.6
8.3
53.1
8.0
10.9
3.8
86.7
Annual Ac. -Ft.
1,235
3,480
22,400
5,390
5,500
2,360
40,365
1,795
5,500
36,800
7,630
8,300
3 260
63,285
2,920
9,310
59,600
8,980
12,250
4,260
97,320
Industrial Needs
Ave. MGD
0.1
0.4
1.4
4.4
1.8
0.9
9.0
0.2
0.8
2.8
8.8
3.6
1.7
17.9
0.4
1.6
5.6
17.6
7.2
3.3
35.7
Annual Ac-Ft.
112
449
1,570
4,940
2,020
1,010
10,101
224
898
3,140
9,880
4,040
2,020
20,202
448
1,796
6,280
19,760
8,080
4,040
40.404
Monthly Variation of Demand-%
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Municipal-Domestic
Needs, All Areas 67 70 71 86 90 143 186 145 121 81 72 66
Industrial Needs
Cle Elum-Roslyn
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Ellensburg-Kittitas 70 73 72
Naches-Yakima-Moxee 59 61 71
Wapato-Toppenish 178 178 5
Sunnyside-Grandview 90 91 84
Prosser-Benton City 16 32 23
81 129 134
64 60 74
13 21 25
80 76 96
26 51 73
91 79 218 145 73 ' 70
79 88 276 216 164 65
13 26 198 195 178 178
94 98 109 151 135 85
89 152 194 195 250 21
-------
ISO-
ISO-
UJ
Q.
to
Z
o
100-
MUNICIPAL
INDUSTRIAL
50-
JFMAMJ J A SOND
J FMAMJ J ASOND
J F MAMJ JASOND
960
985
2010
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
MUNICIPALaiNDUSTRIAL
WATER DEMANDS
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION,8 WELFARE
Public Heolth Service
REGION IX
(DATE:8/65t
PORTLAND,OREGON
FIGUREVII-I
-------
VII-7
for this study area ranged from 250 gallons per capita per day (GPCD)
in 1960 to 280 GFCD by 1985 and 305 GFCD by 2010. The figures were
applied directly to the projected populations for incorporated places
and to one-half of those projected for unincorporated places, since less
densely settled areas do not support an appreciable number of commercial,
institutional, or other users of this type.
Industrial water needs were projected for each area by
combining demand data available on each plant. While these figures
apply only to one particular season of operation, they provide a
reasonable base upon which to project future needs. Because production
data were not available, projections were based on expected growth in
employment.
Municipal and industrial water use in 1960 was approximately
45 MGD. The potential demand for water for these purposes by years
1985 and 2010 is projected to be about 74 MGD and 122 MGD, respectively.
The industrial demand has been and is expected to continue to increase
at a slightly greater rate than the municipal demand.
-------
VIII. WATER QUALITY CONTROL
A. Need for Control
1. General
Surface waters, in addition to being used for municipal and
industrial supply, are used for irrigation, fish and game propagation,
stock watering, recreation, hydroelectric power, and disposal of
municipal and industrial waste. Stream waters in lower basin areas
receive and at times consist almost entirely of return flows and
drainage water from irrigated lands.
2. Irrigation
More water is used for irrigation in the basin than for any
other purpose. The total area for which water is delivered is about
450,000 acres, and the cultivated area to which water is actually
applied is about 375,000 acres. Diversion rates per acre average
about 6.5 acre-feet. Water deliveries to farms average about 4.2
acre-feet per acre, and water actually applied averages about 3.5
acre-feet per acre. FIGURE V-2 (Page V-2) shows the general location
of land areas irrigated at the present time. The mineral quality of
water, according to agricultural standards, is suitable for irrigation,
including return flow that is reused for this purpose in lower portions
of the basin.
3. Municipal and Industrial Water Supply
Water from surface sources in the study area serves about
47,000 persons and a number of food processing industries. The chemical
-------
VIII-2
quality of water for this use is generally within the limits of the
U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards (i.e., total
solids are less than 500 mg/1 and analyses indicate that toxic or
other mineral ions are not in excess of standards). Maximum water
temperatures (75-plus degrees Fahrenheit) in the lower river below
Yakima are generally higher than would be desirable to municipal
and industrial use.
4. Fisheries
Anadromous fish runs in the Yakima River and its tributaries
have historically been plagued by passage difficulties inherent in
the extensive system of dams, diversions, and canals existing in the
Yakima River Basin and by low flows resulting either from irrigation
diversions or filling of reservoirs. The major problem is inadequate
flows to allow passage, spawning and rearing of salmonoid species.
Species of anadromous fish utilizing the system include
spring and fall chinook salmon, silver salmon, sockeye salmon, and
steelhead. Resident game fish include rainbow trout, cutthroat trout,
Dolly Varden, eastern brook trout, brown trout, Kokanee, mountain
whitefish, ling, black bass, and crappie. The resident fish popula-
tions are augmented by average annual stocking of 390,000 catchable
rainbow trout and 465,000 cutthroat and eastern brook trout fingerlings
by Washington Department of Game. Non-game fish in the system include
squawfish, suckers, carp, sculpins, shiners, dace, and other
miscellaneous fish.
-------
VIII-3
Since about 1920, fishery groups have been actively engaged
in acquiring fish passage facilities at dams and diversions in the
system. Rehabilitation studies by fishery agencies indicate that
the potential fishery, if restored, would have an annual value in
excess of 4 million dollars. These values do not include benefits
that may accure from regulation of the Indian subsistence fishery, the
regulation of which is considered to be essential to the development
of the anadromous fishery in the basin.
Annual reports of the Washington State Department of
Fisheries (1962-63) indicate that about 500 to 8,000 anadromous fish
per year pass over Roza Dam and that a similar number spawn in the
Naches River. About 2,000 to 8,000 fish are taken annually by the
Yakima Indians with dip nets. General recommendations by the fishery
agencies are that:
(a) Supplemental storage and existing projects
within the Yakima Basin should be constructed
and operated to maintain adequate flows for
fish passage and propagation;
(b) Fish-protective and passage facilities should
be constructed and maintained to assure full
use of spawning and rearing areas in the
Yakima Basin.
(c) Sports, commercial, and Indian subsistence
fishing should be so regulated that it does
not decrease escapement to spawning areas
and thereby inhibit future runs.
5. Recreation and Riverside Uses
Water-oriented recreation, aside from fishing, is not as extensive
in the lower basin as it is in the upper basin. There is some unorganized
-------
VIII-4
swimming in the lower river and in irrigation canals. Most waters in
the lower areas are not suitable for swimming due to high bacterial
content, murkiness of the water, and excessive aquatic growths. In
upper basin reservoir areas, recreational activities are on the increase
and may be expected to reach major proportions. Many homes and cottages
have been built on national forest lands adjacent to the upper Naches
River. A few parks and picnic facilities have also been developed
along the upper reaches of both the Naches and Yakima Rivers. Periodic
flooding and unstable banks, however, discourage bank-side uses in many
areas.
B. Municipal, Industrial, & Agricultural Pollution
1. Municipal
Municipal and domestic raw waste production in the Yakima
River Basin is distributed approximately in direct proportion to the
populations of the six water-service areas shown in TABLE VI-7 (Page VI-17),
For purposes of computing flow requirements for quality control, the
sewage wastes produced by populations in incorporated places and by
one-half of the populations in unincorporated places were assumed to
be collected and treated prior to discharge to the Yakima River. The
balance of wastes produced in unincorporated areas were assumed to be
treated in individual facilities, such as septic tanks, and would not,
therefore, be discharged directly to surface waters. Other waste
constituents, such as those contained in storm overflow and urban
drainage, are not identified as such in the overall load determination
but are assumed to be included in the loading added for unincorporated
areas.
-------
VIII-5
Monthly average waste production is relatively constant in
much of the area, except in the lower valley during summer months.
Production in July, August, and September is about 40 per cent greater
than that for other months in the area below the confluence of the
Naches and Yakima Rivers. This was taken into account in projecting
future waste loads expected to be received in the lower river.
Nearly all municipal wastes are subjected to secondary
treatment before disposal of the effluent. The Federal Grant Program
of the U. S. Public Health Service has aided the construction of
improvements and enlargements to municipal waste treatment facilities
in the valley costing $2,779,248, with grant monies amounting to
$833,503 from 1957 to 1963. The Cities of Cowiche, Grandview, Harrah,
Prosser, Sunnyside, Tieton, and Yakima were recipients.
In projecting municipal waste loads for the area, secondary
waste treatment or its equivalent for 85 per cent BOD removal was
adopted. This waste treatment requirement is considered reasonable
for the Yakima River Basin. The Washington State Pollution Control
Commission also requires 85 per cent overall BOD reduction and
effluent chlorination of municipal wastes.
The current and projected municipal waste loads for the six
service areas are presented in TABLE VIII-1. Major municipal loading
points on the Yakima River occur from the Naches River to Prosser,
with the predominant load occurring in the Naches-Yakima-Moxee City
area. Total municipal and industrial raw waste production is
illustrated in FIGURE VIII-1.
-------
VIII-6
TABLE VIII-1
MUNICIPAL WASTE LOADINGS
(1,000 Population Equivalents)
Area Served
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee City
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL (Rounded)
Raw Load
1960
4.1
12.4
124.2
33.5
33.4
14.3
222
1985
5.9
17.3
181.1
39.3
44.1
17.6
305
2010
8.4
24.0
266.7
45.6
58.5
20.8
424
Treated Load
1960
0.6
1.8
18.6
5.0
5.0
2.1
33
1985
0.9
2.6
27.2
5.9
6.6
2.6
46
(85%)
2010
1.3
3.6
40.0
6.8
8.8
3.1
64
2. Industrial
Industrial wastes in the study area are those produced mainly
in the processing of foods and are highly variable in strength and
quantity. Raw industrial waste production for 1960 by months for each
water-service area is shown in TABLE VIII-2.
Future industrial waste projections were, for design purposes,
derived from economic projections detailed in Chapter VI. Based on
1960 wastes, the projected wastes are expected to double by 1985 and
to quadruple by the year 2010. (See FIGURE VIII-1)
Much of the industrial waste in the valley is controlled by
spray irrigation and non-overflow lagoons, which allow little direct
discharge of waste to the streams. Because relatively high treatment
efficiencies can be attained and because the Washington State Pollution
Control Commission is pressing for high removals of the industrial
wastes from the streams, it is reasonable to expect that future
efficiencies will be in excess of 85 per cent BOD removal.
-------
2500
_
O 2000
c/)
1500
o
u
z
O
CL
o
Q.
1000
500
INDUSTRIAL
MUNICIPAL
JFMAMJ JASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJ JASOND
I960
1985
2010
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
MUNICIPAL&INDUSTRIAL
RAW WASTE PRODUCTION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.SWELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE:8/65)
PORTLAND, OREGON
FIGURE Vlll-l
-------
WOT
71: '
TABLE VIII-2
INDUSTRIAL RAW WASTE PRODUCTION, 1960±'
(1,000 Population Equivalents)
I/
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
AVERAGE
Total
287
283
183
118
93
178
391
461
627
522
298
298
312
Cle Elum-
Roslyn
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Ellensburg-
Kittitas
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
26.5
25.5
48.5
48.5
25.5
25.5
26.0
26.0
29.5
Naches-Yakima-
Moxee City
59.0
59.0
59.0
54.0
26.0
34.0
154.0
224.0
304.0
264.0
59.0
59.0
112.9
Wapato-
Toppenish
171.0
166.0
66.0
21.0
21.0
66.0
106.0
106.0
156.0
181.0
181.0
181.0
118.5
Sunny side-
Grandview
30.0
30.0
30.0
15.0
17.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
134.0
50.0
30.0
30.0
47.2
Prosser-
Benton City
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.5
M
M
00
I/ Based on inventory in files of USPHS, Portland, Oregon, obtained
with cooperation of Washington State Pollution Control Commission.
-------
VIII-9
3. Agricultural
Agricultural wastes are a potential source of BOD and other
constituents which often are not conducive to evaluation. It is
shown in Chapter VI that cattle, hog, and poultry raising are expected
to increase substantially. Over 200,000 cattle, 25,000 hogs, and
330,000 chickens were in the valley in 1959. This represents potential
waste production in the study area of about 1,200,000; 50,000; and
50,000 FE, respectively, or a total of 1,300,000 FE. An estimated
5 per cent (or 65,000 PE) of this agricultural waste reaches the
waterway. The Washington State Pollution Control Commission is aware
of the problem and is, at present, requiring that al] feed lots move
from stream areas where disposal may be made to land. Dairies, hog
sheds, and poultry houses are also required to provide improved
disposal techniques.
Return flow from irrigation is a source of quality degrada-
tion in the valley that cannot be overlooked. Studies on return flow
show that significant BOD concentrations occur in return drains. An
average value of 3 mg/1 for all return water was selected for flow
regulation study purposes. Nutrients are higher in return flows than
in the river, and are suspected of promoting excessive nuisance aquatic
growths. Pesticides and other agricultural chemicals have been found
in return drains. Sufficient data on which to evaluate deleterious
effects of pesticides, however, are not available.
-------
VIII-10
C. Water Quality Criteria
The quality of stream waters are described in terms of temperature,
turbidity, chemical constituents, bacteriological quality, DO-BOD
relationships, and others. Hie significance of several of these
indicators of water quality were discussed in Chapter V.
Fishery agency proposals are for re-establishment of an anadromous
fishery and objectives for quality control are aimed toward this use.
Spawning areas in the river system are located mainly upstream from
the mouth of the Naches River. A minimum DO level of 7 mg/1 is
required for rearing and spawning and 5 mg/1 for fish passage. Flow
regulation for control of DO at or greater than 5 mg/1 in the lower
river, or critical zone where major wastes and return flows are
received, would be expected to provide adequate quality for spawning
and rearing in upper watershed areas. Control at this level would
also provide adequate quality for recreation and for protection of the
aesthetic attractiveness of the river. For purposes of this study,
therefore, a minimum objective of at least 5 mg/1 DO in the lower
reaches of the Yakima River has been adopted as the governing criteria.
D. Flow Regulation
Regulation necessary to achieve the above stated quality
objectives is based on stream flows required to dilute and assimilate
present and projected organic waste loads. TABLE VII1-3 shows the
waste loads used in flow regulation computations.
-------
VIII-11
TABLE VIII-3
MAXIMUM MONTHLY WASTE LOADS
(1.000 Population Equivalents)
Area Served
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee City
Wapato-Toppeni sh
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL (Rounded)
Raw Load
1960
5.1
37.9
411
187
167
21
829
1985
7.9
68.3
763
348.
312
31
1530
2010
11.4
126.0
1483
666
594
49
2929
Treated Load
1960
0.8
5.7
61.6
28.1
25.0
3.2
124
1985
1.2
10.2
114.5
52.2
47.1
4.7
230
(85%)
2010
1.7
18.9
222.5
99.9
89.1
7.4
440
The "Federal Water Pollution Control Act, (33 U.S.C. 466b
(b))," provides that the inclusion of storage for regulation of stream
flow for water quality control shall not be provided as a substitute for
adequate treatment or other means of controlling waste at the source.
Adequate treatment is considered by the Public Health Service to mean
effective waste collection and secondary treatment for domestic wastes
and equivalent reduction of industrial waste loads by a combination of
process control, internal waste saving, water reuse, and effluent
treatment. At the present time, efficiently operated trickling
filter plants, widely used in intermediate sized communities, are
considered capable of 80 to 90 per cent BOD removal, while the activated
sludge process is considered capable of 85 to 95 per cent removal.
Considering the effect of diurnal fluctuations in waste loads, problems
of efficient operation to maintain such high removals, experience with
the lags in plant construction to provide for growth in waste loads,
-------
VIII-12
and urban storm water and/or combined sewer overflows, it is considered
reasonable to expect the equivalent of 85 per cent removal of BOD in
well operated collection systems and treatment plants at this time.
In this study area, where the largest waste loads are from the
food processing industry and where land disposal of waste is practiced,
it is believed that a BOD reduction of 85 per cent, with respect to
the stream, is feasible for the future and has, therefore, been used
for design purposes in this report. Although higher treatment
efficiencies may be attainable, allowances must be made for unavoidable
contingencies such as the overloading, bypassing, or breakdown of
treatment plant facilities.
Problems of efficient operation lags in plant construction, storm
water runoff, and other difficulties experienced in the treatment of
waste waters must also be recognized. Furthermore, by the end of the
50-year study period, population pressures and land-use may preclude
the employment of present-day, high-efficiency industrial waste
treatment methods. These considerations dictate a design efficiency
of 85 per cent BOD removal.
Stream flows required to maintain the objective under 1960, 1985,
and 2010 conditions were computed by means of a technique for balancing
the oxygen supply with oxygen consumed in the stream. Computations
were made by use of an "oxygen-sag" computer program, which was
originally designed for the Willamette River in Oregon. The
*Worley, John Larry - "A System Analysis Method for Water Quality
Management by Flow Augmentation in a Complex River Basin",
Master's Thesis, Oregon State University, Published by USDHEW, PHS,
Portland, Oregon, June, 1963.
-------
VIII-13
deoxygenation values were established by use of a long-term BOD analyses
performed at the Portland U. S. Public Health Service laboratory, and
reoxygenation coefficients (k~) were determined by use of O1 Conner's
equation for isotropic flows:
3/2
2.31 H '
where "D " is the diffusion coefficient, "U" is the velocity, and
L
"H" is the stream depth.
The results illustrated in FIGURE VIII-2 show that through the
year 1985 sufficient stream flow on a one-in-ten year low-flow
recurrence basis is available to assimilate organic waste loadings
and still maintain a minimum DO concentration of 5 mg/1 in the lower
reaches of the river. With loadings expected by the year 2010, how-
ever, the objective would not be met. Flows shown in FIGURE VIII-3
were computed only to depict effects at varying levels of loading and
quality. By the year 2010, a total average flow of 280 cfs will be
required in the lower river to maintain DO at 5 mg/1 during the months
of July through October.
TABLE VIII-4 outlines an approximate schedule of monthly releases
required to maintain quality for fish passage below Sunnyside Diversion
Dam on a one-in-ten year low-flow recurrence basis. For design
purposes, it was assumed that a base flow of 90 cfs (l-in-10 low flow
for Sept.) would be available throughout the critical summer months.
-------
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-------
3000-
2000-
1000-
75%B.O.D.
Removal
85%B.O.D.
Removal
1985
,/75%B.O.D.
Removal
95%B.O.D.
Removal
85%B.O.D.
Removal
2010
Note:
Flow Required for Minimum
Dissolved Oxygen of 5 and
7 mg/1 in Yakima River.
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON
ADDITIONAL FLOW REQUIRED
FOR QUALITY CONTROL
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION,8WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX
(DATE 8/65)
PORTLAND, OREGON
FIGURE VIII-3
-------
VIII-16
TABLE VIII-4 .
REQUIRED STREAM FLOW REGIMEN FOR QUALITY CONTROL PURPOSES-
PARKER TO PROSSER - YEAR 2010
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN. WASHINGTON
Required _/ Estimated
Stream Flow Draft-on-Storaee— Release Schedule
cfs acre-feet cfs MGD
January 116 0 00
February 116 0 00
March 116 0 00
April 112 0 00
May 85 0 00
June 92 0 00
July 204 9,200 150 100
August 268 12,100 200 125
September 340 15,300 260 165
October 303 13,400 220 140
November 116 0 00
December 116 0 0 0
Annual Average 165 69 44
Total Annual 50,000
\J Based on adequate treatment of organic wastes discharged to stream.
2/ This is the additional quantity needed downstream from Parker and
does not include storage and transmission losses.
-------
VIII-17
As indicated in TABLE VIII-4 there will be a need by the end of the
study period for an annual draft-on-storage of about 50,000 acre-feet.
This need is expected to begin about the year 1995.
Reservoir releases whould be scheduled to meet the water quality
objectives set forth in this report. The estimated release schedule
presented in TABLE VIII-4 is provided as an indication of the possible
release pattern from the proposed reservoir to meet the total stream
flow, required below Parker. Because reservoir releases for quality
control must vary with waste discharges, stream quality, flow,
temperature, reservoir quality, etc., at the time of release, this
suggested schedule may require adjustment in the future.
-------
IX. BENEFITS
Benefits can be assigned to releases from storage for regulation
of stream flow for water quality control only after a reasonable
degree of treatment or control of waste at the source is provided.
In this instance, adequate waste control at the source, or 85 per
cent BOD reduction with respect to the stream, would not by itself
meet the quality goals discussed in Chapter VIII for lower Yakima
River. Water quality goals can, however, be met by providing flow
regulation in addition to adequate treatment.
Storage releases for control of water quality are needed in the
Yakima River to protect fish and wildlife, maintain recreational
opportunities, safeguard public health, and preserve the aesthetic
attractiveness of stream waters. The precise value of benefits
assignable to releases necessary to serve these uses or to prevent
damage to these uses, however, is not readily measurable. Many
benefits such as those resulting from maintenance of the aquatic
habitat, temperature reduction, decreased concentration of suspended
and dissolved solids, increased land values along the stream, and
general protection of aesthetic values are particularly difficult to
completely assess in monetary terms.
Increased commercial and sport fishing is the most notable
potential benefit to be derived from water quality control. Estimates
have bean made of the increased fishing effort that may be realized if
fish facilities and stream flows are improved and adequate water
-------
IX-2
quality is maintained. For example, the annual sports catch of
anadromous fish (spring and fall chinook, coho, and steelhead trout)
has averaged some 700,000 angler-days, and the annual resident game
fish effort in the Yakima River Basin, as a whole, is estimated to
be 135,000 angler-days. The value of the potential fishery is
estimated to be in excess of 4 million dollars annually.
Recreational opportunities throughout 20 to 30 miles of the
river below the Yakima Metropolitan Area would be directly influenced,
and a potential population of 300,000 persons would in some way be
affected by maintenance of water quality.
Because multiple values would be realized through control of
water quality by flow regulation, the composite value of benefits
assignable to storage for this purpose is considered at least equal to
the cost of the most reasonable alternative means of providing the same
level of water quality in the absence of the project.
Since the results achieved by flow regulation relate primarily
to control of waste effluents originating from numerous municipal and
industrial sources and to the dilution and/or assimilation of residual
materials contained in urban and rural land runoff, the only reasonable
or known equivalent alternative means of achieving similar results is
by releases of water from a single-purpose storage facility. Alterna-
tives such as disposal of waste effluents underground, transportation
of wastes downstream, transportation of wastes out of the basin,
waste-holding lagoons, or other such means of handling the collectible
portion of wastes in the basin would neither be feasible nor would
these alternatives produce similar results.
-------
IX-3
The cost of a single-purpose reservoir constructed at one of the
sites currently being considered for potential development in Yakima
River Basin was used as a measure of the minimum value of storage in
Bumping Lake Reservoir for water quality control. In establishing
this value, three sets of cost data were examined. These were:
(1) The average cost of storage construction in
the Pacific Northwest;
(2) The cost to enlarge Bumping Lake from 33,700
acre-feet to the required capacity; and
(3) . The cost to develop storage on Little Naches
River.
Costs in each of the above cases were very similar; however, single-
purpose development on the Little Naches River was found to be the
least costly.
Based on this alternative, the minimum value of the benefit
assignable to an annual draft-on-storage of 50,000 acre-feet in the
proposed project with first need beginning in 1995 (assumed project
completion in 1975), interest at 3.125 per cent on a 100-year basis,
and operation and maintenance expenses of $13,000 annually is estimated
to be $150,000 or $3.00 per acre-foot.
In planning for additional water resource development in Yakima
River Basin, consideration should be given to preserving the excellent
quality of water in upper basin regions and to maintaining sufficient
quality in the lower river to permit passage of anadromous fish species
to and from spawning areas. Maintenance of water quality for fish
-------
IX-4
passage would assure continued multiple use of the lower river and its
accomplishment would necessitate continued updating of waste treatment
facilities, in addition to reserving at least 50,000 acre-feet of
storage for future release to the lower river.
Storage for quality control in Bumping Lake Enlargement Project
would provide protection of future water quality in the Yakima River
and downstream reaches of the Columbia River. The adverse effect of
organic wastes remaining even after adequate treatment, as measured
in terms of DO demand on the stream, can be reduced to acceptable
levels with relatively little additional stream flow. The concen-
trations of soluble nutrients resulting from irrigation, and from
domestic and other wastes, which are not significantly reduced by
available treatment methods, can be reduced by dilution.
Controlled water quality will have an important impact on the
area for which flow regulation would be provided. The Yakima River
flows through many communities and valuable farm lands and is a
focal point to travelers passing through the valley. The beauty of
j
the valley, its fisheries, recreation, and other existing potential
water-oriented activities are an important asset to the region.
The benefits derived from water quality maintenance in the
Yakima River Basin are both tangible and intangible and are wide-
spread both in area and types of beneficiaries.
-------
X. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter I
1. H. T. Nelson, Regional Director, Region I, Letter of Initiation.
dated June 20, 1962, Bureau of Reclamation, Boise, Idaho.
Chapters III & IV
2. Gerald A. Waring, Geology and Water Resources of a Portion of
South Central Washington. USGS Water Supply Paper 316, 1913.
3. USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Boise, Idaho,
Yakima River Erosion Surveys. 1946.
4. USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Region I, Boise Idaho,
Yakima Project. Washington, Supplemental Storage; May, 1956.
5. Yakima Indian Reservation, Mabton Project, Satus 4 - Satus Flood
Control and Irrigation Project; May, 1956.
6. Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington, Report on Yakima River
and Tributaries, Washington; September, 1956.
7. USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Region I, Boise, Idaho,
Yakima Project, Washington, Kennewick Division Extension,
May, 1959 (and revision June, 1962).
8. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Portland Area Office, Toppenish-
Simcoe Project, Review Report, Portland, Oregon, July, 1964.
9. USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Boise, Idaho, Yakima Project,
Washington, Prosser Division, 1954.
Chapter V
10. USGS, Surface Water Records of Washington. 1908-1962.
11. H. B. Kinnison, Evaluation of 'Stream Flow Records in Yakima
River Basin. Washington, Geological Survey Circular 180, 1952.
12. H. B. Kinnison and J. E. Sceva, Effects of Hydraulic and
Geologic Factors on Stream Flow of the Yakima River Basin,
Washington. USGS Water Supply Paper 1595, 1963.
13. W. Van Winkle, Quality of the Surface Waters of Washington,
USGS, Water Supply Paper 339, 1914.
-------
X-2
14. Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee, Inventory of Published
and Unpublished Sediment-Load Data and Chemical Analyses of
Surface Waters in the Pacific Northwest. 1951; May, 1952.
15. R. 0. Sylvester, Water Quality Studies in the Columbia River
Basin, Special Scientific Report, Fisheries No. 239, May, 1958.
16. USDHEW, PHS, Region IX, Portland, Oregon, Return Irrigation Water.
Characteristics and Effects, May, 1960.
17. Washington Pollution Control Commission, Quality of Surface
Waters, June 1959-July 1960, 1961.
18. Frederick W. Poe, M. S. Thesis, Irrigation Return Flows and
Water Quality in the Yakima River Basin, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1961.
19. R. 0. Sylvester, A Study on the Character and Significance of
Irrigation Return Flows in the Yakima River Basin, University
of Washington, February, 1962.
20. Washington Pollution Control Commission and Public Health Service,
A Study of Aerial Spraying for Spruce Budworm Control on Stream
Biota. June, 1962.
21. James P. Behlke, Washington Pollution Control Commission,
Preliminary Studies of Water Temperature in the Lower Yakima
River, 1956.
22. State College of Washington, Pullman, Washington, Surface and
Sub-Surface Waters of the Yakima and Klamath Reclamation
Projects. 1928.
23. USGS, Ground Water Levels in the United States. 1956-60.
Northwestern States, Water Supply Paper 1760.
Ibid - 1949 WSP 1160
1945 WSP 1027
1943 WSP 990
1942 WSP 948
1940 WSP 910
24. Division of Water Resources, Olympia, Washington, Flowing
Artesian Wells in Washington State, Water Supply Bulletin No. 16,
1961.
25. Bruce L. Foxworthy, Geology and Ground Water Resources of the
Ahtanum Valley, Yakima County, Washington, Geological Survey
Water Supply Paper 1598, 1962.
-------
X-3
26. G. L. McGuiness, Role of Ground Water in National Water
Situation. Water Supply Paper No. 1800, USGS, 1963.
27. M. J. Mundorff, Availability of Ground Water to Supplement
Surface Water Irrigation Supplies in the Yakima River Basin,
Open File Report USGS, Water Resources Division, Tacoma, Washington.
28. L. V. Wilcox and Carl E. Nelson, The Ground Water and Salt
Balance Conditions of the Sunnyside Valley Irrigation District
for the Period March 1 to October 31. 1944. USDA, Rubidoux
Laboratory, Riverside, California, 1945.
29. USGS Water Resources Division, Tacoma, Washington, Ground Water
in Washington; Its Chemical and Physical Quality, (In press by
State of Washington).
Chapter VI and VII
30. Pacific Power and Light Company, Industrial Sites. Yakima
County. Washington. August, 1962.
31. Washington Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, 348 Federal
Office Building, Seattle, Washington 98104, Yakima County
Agriculture. Washington, County Agricultural Data Series, 1964.
32. 0. W. Lindgren, Water Supply Study, Rattlesnake Watershed,
(Report prepared for City of Yakima), 1960.
33. City of Ellensburg, Annual Report, 1961.
34. City of Sunnyside, Fourteenth Annual Report, 1961.
35. Gray and Osborne, Consulting Engineers, Yakima, Washington,
An Engineering Report on Water Facilities for the City of
Yakima.Washington. September, 1963.
Chapter VIII
36. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland. Oregon, Preliminary
Evaluation Report on Fish and Wildlife Resourcing. Ro2a Division.
Yakima Irrigation Project, Yakima River, Washington. Sept.,1951.
37. Washington State Department of Fisheries, Yakima Rehabilitation
Program. January, 1956 (Revised December, 1962).
38. Washington State Department of Health, First Report Stream
Pollution Studies. Yakima River Valley. 1936.
-------
X-4
39. Washington Pollution Control Commission, An Investigation of
Pollution in the Yakima River Basin, Technical Bulletin No. 9,
Summer 1951.
40. Washington Pollution Control Commission, A Comprehensive
Pollution Control Program for the Yakima River Basin,
Basin No. 25. 1952.
41. Cornell, Rowland, Hayes, fie Merryfield, An Engineering Study of
Waste Treatment and Infiltration for the City of Yakima,
Washington, February, 1963.
42. Cornell, Rowland, Hayes, & Merryfield, An Investigation of
Industrial Waste Treatment Facilities for the Prosser
Industrial Tract. Port of Benton Commission, Benton County,
Washington, 1964.
-------
APPENDIX A
WATER QUANTITY DATA
-------
APPENDIX A
A-l
TABLE 1
FLOW DATA FOR THE YAKIMA RIVER NEAR PARKER, 1941-62
(cfs)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Water
Year
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
MEAN
MEDIAN
Annual
Mean
1,499
2,790
2,870
2,912
1,655
2,555
5,118
1,851
2,775
1,574
1,324
4,159
3,607
2,971
3,263
2,386
2,216
955
655
2,466
903
744
2,329
2,426
Minimum
Month
277
274
297
275
247
283
278
410
718
224
207
191
652
360
304
190
197
178
157
178
179
107
281
260
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
July
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
July
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
July
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
July
Minimum 7 Days
99.
80.
166.
110.
163.
160.
130.
255.
145.
128.
74.
97.
652.
185.
182.
183.
88.
166.
95.
61.
41.
153
129
8
7
7
9
3
3
4
7
6
9
9
1
1
1
9
4
_
0
4
9
7
6
Oct.
Sep.
Sep.
Oct.
July
Aug.
Sep.
Sep.
Sep.
Oct.
May
Sep.
July
Oct.
Aug.
Aug.
. _
Oct.
Sep.
Oct.
Apr.
Apr.
5-11
7-13
8-14
2-8
9-15
14-20
16-22
21-27
3-9
5-11
2-8
14-20
30-Aug.5
12-18
9-15
10-16
10-16
18-24
14-20
26-May 2
17-23
Minimum Day
14.5
53
74
38
49
53
92
204
71
54
38
52
265
58
72
61
.
63
44
34
33
20
70
54
Oct.
Sep.
Sep.
Oct.
July
Aug.
Sep.
Apr.
Sep.
Oct.
May
Sep.
July
Oct.
Aug.
Aug.
. .
Oct.
Apr.
Sep.
Oct.
Apr.
Apr.
7
10
12
3
10
16
17
29
5
6
3
19
15
17
13
15
16
18 &
19
18
29
18
Data Source: U. S. Geological Survey
Drainage Area:
Average Discharge;
Period of Record:
Maximum Day:
Minimum Day:
3,650 square miles.
2,329 cfs = 1,687,000 acre-feet per year.
1908-1963.
65,000 cfs
Less than 10 cfs (most years prior to 1936).
-------
APPENDIX A
A-2
TABLE 2
FLOW DATA FOR THE YAKIMA RIVER AT KIONA, 1941-62
(cfs)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Water
Year
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
MEAN
MEDIAN
Annual
Mean
2,752
4,217
4,020
4,307
2,957
3,864
7,055
3,068
4,269
3,030
2,775
5,801
4,993
4,313
4,820
3,762
3,442
2,021
1,642
3,796
2,013
1,843
3,671
3,779
rlminium
Month
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
375
216
224
415
225
418
235
809
162
678
899
722
911
785
866
520
541
389
394
487
435
318
637
503
July
July
July
July
July
July
Sept.
Aug.
Nov.
Dec.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
July
Sept.
Aug.
Aug.
July
July
Sept.
Aug.
Aug.
Minimum 7 Days
1,190
1,004
1,111
1,160
1,050
1,286
1,793
1,483
1,763
1,330
1,650
1,621
1,560
900
1,669
1,377
.
1,220
791
1,389
1,141
857
1,302
1,286
July
July
July
July
July
June
Aug.
Apr.
Oct.
Apr.
July
July
Jan.
Feb.
Aug.
Aug.
- .
July
Apr.
Sep.
Apr.
Apr.
13-19
18-24
18-24
15-21
12-18
20-26
12-18
16-22
10-16
12-18
14-20
14-20
13-19
4- 14 (Ice)
10-16
11-17
4-14
17-23
9-15
28-May 4
25-May 1
Minimum Day
1,030
860
959
1,050
914
1,060
1,760
1,180
1,650
1,240
1,390
1,550
1,550
900
1,550
1,360
_
1,180
730
1,360
1,060
840
1,194
1,180
July
July
July
July
July
June
Aug.
Apr.
Oct.
Apr.
July
July
Jan.
Feb.
Aug.
July
- _
July
Apr.
Sep.
Apr.
May
Apr.
14
22
23
17
14
21
16
20
16
17
17
19
14-18
4
15
11
8
20
9
30 &
1
26-27
DATA SOURCE: U. S. Geological Survey
Drainage Area-
Average Discharge -
Period of Record -
Maximum Day —
Minimum Day
5,600 square miles (approximately).
3,671 cfs = 2,660,000 acre-feet per year.
1896-1915 and 1933-1963
67,000 cfs
105 cfs (Sept.,1906).
-------
APPENDIX A
A-3
TABLE 3
MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS WITH
ONCE-IN-TWO YEAR RECURRENCE FREQUENCY
(cfs)
Month
Parker
Kiona
January 2,130
February 2,220
March 2,560
April 2,940
May 4,730
June 4,100
July 365
August 335
September 270
October 950
November 1,740
December 2,250
Mean 2,050
3,290
TABLE 4
MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS WITH
ONCE-IN-FIVE YEAR RECURRENCE FREQUENCY
(cfs)
Month
Parker
Kiona
January 1,060 2,000
February 1,070 2,250
March 1,330 2,440
April 1,500 3,000
May 2,430 3,950
June 2,100 3,800
July 187 1,100
August 173 1,050
September 140 1,250
October 485 1,570
November 900 1,760
December 1.170 2,120
Mean : . 1,045 2,190
-------
APPENDIX A
A-4
TABLE 5
MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS WITH
ONCE-IN-TEN YEAR RECURRENCE FREQUENCY
(cfs)
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Cle Elum
506
440
429
1,111
2,068
2,156
1,892
1,892
1,342
484
341
550
Umtanum Union Gap—' Parker
896
768
1,168
2,208
3,200
2,896
2,064
2,224
1,584
800
608
784
2,000
2,190
1,910
3,850
6,170
5,300
3,270
3,030
2,390
1,450
1,370
1,280
680
725
840
953
1,550
1,340
120
110
90
316
575
740
Granger—' Kiona
922
1,024
1,126
1,336
1,968
1,795
327
313
332
571
799
990
1,550
1,790
1,860
2,320
3,040
2,960
855
830
960
1,220
1,370
1,630
Mean
1,100
1,600
3,000
680
\J Data computed from other stations.
1,700
-------
APPENDIX B
WATER QUALITY DATA
-------
APPENDIX B B-l
TABLE 1
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN. WASHINGTON
Location & Date Time Temperature Dissolved Oxygen 5-Day BOD
(°C) (tng/1) (me/1)
Yakima River @ Selah:
9/20/61 0925 14.5 9.3 0.8
2/28/62 1215 0.5 13.8 0.9
8/14/62 0325 15.2 8.1 1.5
8/14/62 0947 16.5 9.7 4.6
8/14/62 2135 17.4 9.3 3.1
9/25/62 0015 15.9 8.9 1.5
9/25/62 0415 13.5 8.7 0.9
9/25/62 0805 14.5 9.2 1.2
9/25/62 1200 17.7 10.4 1.5
9/25/62 1600 22.7 8.2 3.0
9/25/62 2000 19.2 8.4 5.7
Yakima River @ Granger:
9/20/61 1125 18.1 9.6 2.6
8/15/62 0445 17.5 6.0 1.8
8/15/62 1035 19.7 8.6 1.5
8/15/62 1645 22.5 10.5 2.5
8/15/62 2235 20.5 7.4 1.8
8/16/62 0045 19.0 6.5 2.2
8/16/62 0725 18.1 8.4 5.U
8/16/62 1445 21.0 9.8 7.2
8/16/62 1855 22.3 9.6 1.4
9/26/62 0045 16.8 7.0 1.0
9/26/62 0455 15.3 6.2 1.2
9/26/62 0850 15.6 7.0 0.9
9/26/62 1235 20.0 10.4 3.5
9/26/62 1650 19.8 11.4 2.2
9/26/62 2030 19.1 8.6 3.4
Yakima River @ Prosser:
9/21/61 1000 16.0 9.2 1.2
8/15/62 0550 21.2 9.1 1.6
8/15/62 1125 22.2 8.8 1.9
8/15/62 1620 22.8 9.0 1.9
8/15/62 2130 21.7 9.3 3.4
9/26/62 0255 17.3 9.7 - 1.3
SOURCE: Joint survey by USPHS and Washington Pollution Control Commission.
-------
APPENDIX B
B-2
TABLE 2
YAKIMA RIVER. September 18-19, 1962
Location
Total
Conforms
Fecal
Coliforms
Roza 6,900 760
Selah Gap 3,300 520
Naches 3,500 340
Union Gap 40,000 4,300
Granger 30,000 3,800
Marion Drain 5,200 1,600
Mabton 6,700 3,100
Sunnyside Canal 6,900 1,800
Prosser 1,900 290
Kiona 5,700 350
YAKIMA RIVER. September 25-26. 1962
Roza 1,900 220
Selah Gap 1,800 1,100
Selah Drain 20 <10
Naches 2,100 310
Union Gap 10,500 4,800
Granger 60,000 —
Granger Drain 30,000
Marion Drain 2,800
Mabton 25,000
Sunnyside Canal 2,600 450
Prosser 6,500
Kiona 13,000
Moxee Drain 40,000 3,400
Ahtanum Creek 5,700 260
Wide Hollow Creek 120,000 44,000
Sulfur Creek 120,000
Satus Creek 30,000 —
Toppenish Creek 1,200
McDonald Drain 40,000
East Toppenish Drain 50,000
Fecal
Streptococci
530
92
188
17,000
126
460
960
230
88
52
470
250
28
100
7,700
190
2,900
690
460
68
28
72
1,800
360
6,300
5,800
580
280
1,900
580
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE 3
YAKIMA RIVER PLANKTON, NUMBERS PER LITER
September 25-26, 1962
Organisms (Common)
Yakima R. @
Selah Gap
Diatoms
Navicula 270,000
Synedra 130,000
Diatoma 62,000
Cymbella 14,000
Cocconeis 32,000
Cyclotella 10,000
Gomphonema 40,000
Melosira 6,000
Achnanthes 8,500
Amphora 5,000
Rhoicosphenia 10,000
Meridion 2,500
Fragilaria 3,400
Other Diatoms 66,000
Blue-Green Algae
Oscillatoria 5,100
Anabaena 1,300
Green Algae
Scenedesmus 858
Other Greens 52,000
Desmids
Desmidium ——
Other Desmids 66
Protozoa
All Protozoa 33
Slimes
Sphaerotilus & Assoc.Slimes. 22
Flagellates
Dinobryon 7,700
Other Flagellates 439
TOTALS 726,908
Yakima R. @
Union Gap
199,000
100,000
72,000
26,000
48,000
20,000
18,000
24,000
38,000
18,000
8,000
1,700
1,300
5,500
1,700
429
11,000
1,300
11
2,100
34,000
429
Naches R. @
MouTh #2
140,000
102,000
32,000
50,000
28,000
6,400
15,000
26,000
7,200
48,000
7,700
17,000
5,100
50,000
429
429
858
3,000
2,500
1,700
Yakima R. @
Kiona #4
157,000
177,000
55,000
1,600
95,000
61,000
4,700
1,600
4,700
55,000
1,600
12,000
1,600
51,000
3,100
6,300
630,469
543,316
2,700
690,900
Yakima R. @
Mabton #5
390,000
320,000
48,000
20,000
34,000
32,000
16,000
12,000
12,000
3,000
18,000
2,100
5,000
4,800
10,000
2,500
19,000
15,000
3,000
Yakima R. @
Granger #6
560,000
640,000
160,000
25,000
130,000
17,000
28,000
12,000
17,000
8,500
7,200
7,700
5,500
3,400
3,400
1,300
20,000
31,000
8,100
1,300
44
966,400 1,686,444
-------
APPENDIX B
B-4
4a
STATION NO. 1
Donald-Wapato Bridge
Water and Air Temperatures in Degrees of Fahrenheit
August
September
1955
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Water Temp,
Max,
65
62
61
62
64
64
64
62
62
63
62
62
58
59
59
59
60
60
61
60
58
59
58
57
56
56
57
57
57
57
57
Min,
57
56
53
53
55
56
56
55
53
53
55
53
51
51
51
52
52
52
53
53
50
51
50
49
48
48
48
49
49
50
49
Avg.
61
59
57
57
59
60
60
58
57
58
58
58
54
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
54
55
54
52
52
53
52
53
53
53
53
Air Temp.
Max.
84
79
80
86
90
95
92
85*
85
90
87*
81
81
84*
87*
85*
86
87*
88
82
81*
83*
81
80
77
78
83
81
88
89
86
Mln.
61
60
56
54
55
57
62
55
55
55
69
62
55
55
61
62
59
59
68
60
51
60
59
57
53
55
53
60
53
59
54
Avg.
73
70
68
69
72
76
77
70
70
72
78
71
68
70
74
74
68
74
78
71
68
72
70
69
65
67
68
71
70'
74
70
Water Temp.
Max.
56
57
58
58
57
57
55
54
55
56
55
53
48
47
47
48
48
49
50
50
46
45
48
48
47
46
44
45
45
45
Mln.
48
50
51
51
50
50
51
49
48
48
47
46
47 .
45
43
43
42
43
44
45
42
40
41
43
41
41
43
41
39
39
Avg.
52
53
54
54
53
53
53
51
52
52
51
49
48
46
45
46
45
45
47
47
44
43
44
45
44
43
44
43
42
42
Air Temp.
Max.
88*
89
92
91
91
91
87
76
82
84
82
78*
65
65
64
67
70
76
80
67
64
65
72
71
73
70
58
64
68
69
Mln.
53
55
•62
58
56
58
71
63
53
53
59
47*
50*
50 .
46
46
46
51
46
47
47
37
46
43
40
38
55
45
39
41
Avp
71
72
77
75
73
74
79
70
67
68
71
63
57
57
50
56
58
64
63
57
56
51
59
57
56
54
56
60
53
55
-------
ABgENQTX B
B-5
TABLE
STATION NO. 2
Chandler
Water and Air Temperatures in Degrees of Fahrenheit
August
September
1955
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Water Temp.
Max.
74
74
73
73
75
76
75
75
75
76
77
74
7)
74
74
74
74
76
75
74
74
74
73
72
70
71
71
71
71
73
72
Min.
67
66
65
64
64
66
67
67
66
66
67
66
64
64
65
65
65
66
67
66
64
65
65
64
63
62
62
63
62
63
74
Avg.
70
70
69
69
69
71
71
71
71
71
72
70
68
69
69
69
70
71
71
70
69 .
69
69
68
66
66
66
67
67
68
66
Air Temp.
Max.
88
86
84
87
96
99
97
87
88
95
95
85
90
90
89
92
98
94
89
86
92
98
85
80
84
85
84
89
94
Min.
60
48
45
46
50
52
57
53
48
50
54
48
46
46
49
51
50
53
56
53
51
53
53
52
47
43
43
43
47
46
45
Avg.
74
67
65
67
73
76
77
70
68
73
75
66
66
68
70
70
71
75
75
71
69
72
75
68
63
63
64
64
68
67
69
Water Temp.
Max.
73
72
72
72
72
71
71
67
69
69
69
68
64
61
60
62
62.
62
63
63
60
60
61
60
61
60
58
70
59
60
Min.
63
64
65
65
65
56
65
64
62
62
62
61
61
60
56
57
56
57
57
59
57
55
56
55
54
54
57
55
54
54
Avg.
68
68
60
68
69
68
68
66.
66
66
65
65
63
60
58
59
59
59
60
61
59
58
58
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
Air. Temp.
Max.
96
97
94
92
94
96
92
80
89
89
87
75
68
68
72
72
74
83
74
66
66
70
70
73
79
62
68
70
Min.
46
48
54
68
52
57
59
58
53
51
54
44
46
54
43
50
38
41
43
52
43
33
43
36
34
44
56
43
35
36
Avg
71
73
74
80
73
76
76
69
71
70
71
69
60
61
55
61
54
57
57
63
54
49
57
53
53
61
59
55
51
53
-------
APPENDIX B
B-6
TABLE 4c
STATION NO. 3
Richland
Water and Air Temperatures in Degrees of Fahrenheit
August
September
IQSS Water Temp.
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Max.
75
74
74
75
76
78
77
77
76
77
77
77
75
74
74
74
75
76
76
76
75
74
73
73
72
71
72
71
72
73
73
Min.
69
68
66
67
68
69
70
69
69
69
70
70
68
68
69
68
67
69
70
70
68
68
67
67
65
65
66
66
66
66
67
Avg.
72
71
70
71
72
74
74
73
73
73
74
74
72
71
72
71
71
73
73
73
72
71
70
70
69
68
69
69
69
70
70
Air Temp.
Max.
95
91
87
88
94
100
104
100
91
94
100
101
90
90
95
92
96
99
95
88
92
94
91
87
81
89
92
89
98
102
Min.
67
54
52
54
56
61
64
59
57
60
62
55
57
54
57
58
56
60
67
59
55
56
55
54
55
49
51
61
54
57
57
Avg.
81
73
70
71
75
81
84
80
74
77
81
78
74
72
76
77
74
78
83
77
72
74
'75
73
71
65
70
77
73
78
80
Water Temp.
Max.
74
74
75
73
74
72
72
70
71
70
69
66
65
60
63
63
64
64
64
63
61
62
61
62
61
60
60
60
61
Min.
66
68
69
68
68
69
68
65
66
66
64
65
61
58
59
59
59
60
60
61
57
58
58
57
57
59
58
57
57
Avg.
70
71
72
71
71
71
70
68
69
68
67
66
63
59
61
61
62
62
62
63
59
60
60
60
59
60
59
59
59
Air Temp.
Max.
98
99
101
101
99
101
101
96
84
91
95
90
83
78
69
73
74
79
85
75
71
73
76
75
76
81
68
68
69
Min.
53
55
61
65
60
62
64
60
55
54
56
48
50
56
50
51
44
48
46
56
48
37
48
40
40
45
57
48
42
40
Avg,
76
77
81
83
60
82
83
78
70
73
76
69
67
67
64
60
59
61
63
71
62
54
61
58
58
61
69
58
55
55
-------
APPENDIX B B-7
TABLE 5
WAPATO IRRIGATION PROJECT DRAIN WATER QUALITY
Average Characteristics for Irrigation Season
Drain
E. Toppenish
McDonald
Marion
Toppenish Creek
Satus Creek
South
Coulee
Satus 302
Satus 303
_oH
6.8
7.1
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.8
7.9
BOD
2.1
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.8
2.0
1.8
Hardness
COD (as CaC03)
8.7
7.6
7.2
8.6
8.1
8.6
10.9
14.8
9.1
105
110
116
123
112
123
182
94
101
Susp.
Turbidity Solids
10
5
5
6
6
13
12
62
27
24
27
18
18
40
55
60
477
136
Dissolved
Solids
187
195
219
231
225
241
363
226
182
WAPATO IRRIGATION PROJECT. PRINCIPAL NON-CARBONATE IONS
Average Characteristics for Irrigation Season
N03- P04- Cl- S04- Na+
Intake
Main Canal 0.05 0.09 0.10 1.9 3.5 6.0
Toppenish Creek 0.04 0.06 0.17 0.8 0.8 6.0
Satus Creek 0.04 0.44-i-7 0.21^ 1.2 1.0 6.3
Drain
E. Toppenish 0.38 1.46 0.66 4.2 . 6.8 11.7
McDonald 0.06 1.16 0.18 5.7 |/ 8.0 13.0
Marion 0.06 0.82 0.24 4.2 1' 10.3 19.3
Toppenish Creek 0.06 0.36 0.24 5.5 I7 11.9 23.5
Satus Creek 0.04 0.45 0.23 5.0 i7 10.8 19.7
South 0.07 0.83 0.30 4.5 12.2 . 22.5 .
Coulee 0.08 0.72 0.47 7.5 1' 53.8 i7 50.5 i7
Satus 302 0.11 0.49 0.32 3.0 7.5 13.8
Satus 303 0.07 1.15 0.24 4.5 17.1 16.4
Units of measurement are milligrams per liter.
I/ Average would have been 0.02 except for high readings of 2.00 and 3.06
for which there is no explanation.
2J Average would have been 0.09 except for one high reading of 1.53 for
which there is no explanation.
3_/ Includes at least one high value between 10.0 and 26.0.
4/ Includes three readings over 110.0 late in the season.
5_/ Includes three readings between 80.0 and 100.0.
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE
GROUND WATER (
Location
Near
Sunny side
Near
Toppenish
Upper
Ahtanum
Valley
Lower
Ahtanun
Valley
In Yakima
Wanas
Valley
Selah
Well
Depth
(ft)
99
160
863
146
11
384
1078
18
30
213
85
Spring
127
60
385
400
115
Sprinj
131
Temp
oF
61
__
69
.._
--
60
63
-.
—
--
--
59
—
--
55
—
—
52
54
Color
5
__
0
5
10
0
8
25
25
5
15
__
--
—
--
--
—
--
5
PH
7.9
_.
7.8
7.7
7.3
7.9
7.9
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.6
8.3
7.7
7.2
7.5
7.4
7.7
7.9
N.C.
Hard
24
__
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
35
0
11
0
*%
•j
f\
w
0
0
0
Total
Hard
179
87
42
80
49
54
57
117
107
141
130
158
183
255
C-0
1C7
78
57
338
Dis.
Solids
Si02
Fe
6
UALITY
Ca
Mg
Wa
YAKIMA COUNTY
315
136
158
155
111
149
114
205
209
251
221
262
309
445
167
205
162
156
559
57
32
68
54
47
53
38
51
52
61
39
66
53
53
42
59
61
53
57
.01
.05
.08
.02
.11
.05
.24
.02
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.03
.13
.03
.07
.06
.00
48
22
13
16
10
13
12
24
23
30
34
32
42
CO
12
23
15
12
84
14.0
7.9
2.2
9.7
5.8
5.3
6.6
14.0
12.0
16.0
11.0
19.0
19.0
26.0
7.2
12.0
9.2
6.6
31.0
17.0
6.8:
19-.0
10. B
S.t
17.0
7.2
18.0
19. 0
9.5
12.,©
13.0
23.®
62, £
23. D
13.0
S..S!
17.0
38.0
K
7.4
1.9.
4.S
1.8
3.7
31.2'
3.1
5.6
5,. 3
3.2
4- ..8
5.,8
1«9
4.8
5.0
4.0
4.8
4.3
£.3
co3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HC03
190
113
105
116
74
113
85
180
160
133
116
193
210
442
124
146
116
104
459
so4
44.0
5.1
0.3
4.4
24.0
0.4
4.4
5.1
8.0
29.0
21.0
18.0
21.0
20.0
9.8
LO.O
3.3
9.2
jO.G.
Cl
11.0
2.7
1.0
3.0
0.7
1.8
1.2
2.5
11.0
18.0
26.0
9.1
20.0
5.2
2.C
5.2
2.4
1.8
13.0
P
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
15.6
N03
2.3
2.0
0.2
1.6
1.0
0.1
0.2
1.8
1.5
2.7
6.0
3.1
1.6
6.2
G.l
2.1
0.7
0.3
7.0
TO4
.07
— —
—
•••
• •
__
— —
._
—
—
— —
._
._
__
..
..
—
—
w
00
Continued, next page
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE 6 (continued)
GROUND WATER -QUALBXY
Location
Yakima
Firing
Center*
Prosser
North of
Benton
City
North of
Richland
Ellensburg
Hell
Depth
(ft)
550
550
502
599
740
420
228
1209
Temp
°F
62
68
66
63
60
__
_.
55
Color
5
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
PH
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.8
7.7
9.2
7.4
N.C.
Hard
0
0
0
0
0
38
0
0
Total
Hard
152
83
Dis.
Solids
272
174
Si02
49
49
Fe
.03
.04
Ca
33
16
Mg
17.0
11.0
Benton County
56
68
67
182
39
Kit
83
229
248
236
262
130
t i t i
151
59
50
46
51
18
1 S
58
.05
.12
.06
.68
.05
C i
.02
14
17
16
38
9.2
3 U
18
5.1
6.1
6.6
.21
3.8
n t '
9.2
Na
30.0
18.0
43.0
54.0
46.0
13.0
25.0
-------
V CHELAN Cl
\KITTITAS CO.
OREGON
VICINITY MAP
ELLENSBURG
YAKIMA
Ahtanum C?
Union Gap
•MoxeeCity
RICH LA NO
ASCO
PROPOSED
ENLARGEMENT
VAKIMA
KLICKITAT
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
YAKIMA RIVER BASIN, WASHI NGTON
LOCATION MAP
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION,a WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX (DATE: 8/65) PORTLAND, OR E GO N
------- |