BUMPING LAKE
                   ENLARGEMENT
        YatinmRiverBasiiiJVashington
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

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                      WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
                    BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT PROJECT
                     YAKIMA RIVER BASIN, WASHINGTON
     An investigation has been made which defines present water
quality and uses and which discloses a future need for storage
for regulation of stream flow for water quality control.  Future
water requirements and quality projections are based on economic,
demographic, and engineering studies.
      Prepared at the Request of the U. S. Department of Interior,
     Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Columbia River Development Office
                          Spokane, Washington
          U.  S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
   Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,  Pacific Northwest
                           Portland, Oregon
                              JANUARY 1966

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                         TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                            Page No.
  I.  INTRODUCTION
       A.  Request and Authority	   I-L
       B.  Purpose and Scope	   1-1
       C.  Acknowledgments	   1-2

 II.  SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

       A.  Summary of Findings	II-l
       B.  Conclusions	II-5

III.  PROJECT DESCRIPTION

       A.  Location	III-l
       B.  Proposed Project	III-l

 IV.  STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION

       A.  Boundaries	IV-1
       B.  Physical Features	IV-2
       C.  Climate	IV-3

  V.  WATER RESOURCES OF THE STUDY AREA

       A.  Surface Water	   V-l
            1.  Existing Water Resource Development	   v-1
            2.  Stream Flow Frequency Analysis 	   v-5
            3.  Quality of Water Available 	   v-5
       B.  Ground Water	   V-14
            1.  Quantity	   V-14
            2.  Quality	   V-14

 VI.  THE ECONOMY

       A.  General	VI-1
       B.  Present	VI-1
            1.  Economic Activities	VI-1
            2.  Population	VI-6
       C.  Projected Economic Base & Population	VI-8
            1.  Future Increases in Output and
                Employment of Major Industries	VI-8
            2.  Future Labor Force 	  VI-12
            3.  Estimated Future Population	VI-14

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                          TABLE OF CONTENTS
                             (Continued)
                                                             Page No.

 VII.  WATER REQUIREMENTS—MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL

        A.  Present Water Use	   VII-1
        B.  Forecast of Future Water Needs	   VI1-4

VIII.  WATER QUALITY CONTROL

        A.  Need for Control	VIII-1
             1.  General	VIII-1
             2.  Irrigation 	  VIII-1
             3.  Municipal & Industrial Water Supply. . .  .  VIII-1
             4.  Fisheries	VIII-2
             5.  Recreation & Riverside Uses	VIII-3

        B.  Municipal, Industrial & Agricultural Pollution.  VIII-4
             1.  Municipal	VIII-4
             2.  Industrial 	  VIII-6
             3.  Agricultural 	  VIII-9

        C.  Water Quality Criteria	VIII-10
        D.  Flow Regulation 	  VIII-10

  IX.  BENEFITS	    IX-1

   X.  BIBLIOGRAPHY	     X-l


       APPENDIX

        A.  Water Quantity Data	A-l to A-4

        B.  Water Quality Data	B-l to B-9

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                                LIST OF TABLES


Table No.                            Title                        Page No.

    V-l     Water Quality, Yakima River	     V-8


   VI-1     Labor Force, by Industry Group, Yakima 3-County Area,
            April 1960	VI-2

   VI-2     Comparative Distribution of Labor Force,
            By Industry Group, April 1960	VI-3

   VI-3     Acreage Harvested, By Principal Crops,
            Yakima 3-County Area, 1959 	  VI-5

   VI-4     Population, By County and Incorporated Places,
            Yakima Valley Economic Area and 3-County Area	VI-7

   VI-5     Estimated Future Population of Yakima 3-County Area
            and Illustrative Distribution of Future Labor Force,
            1960-2010	VI-13

   VI-6     Illustrative Projections of Future Population
            in Incorporated Places, Yakima Valley	VI-16

   VI-7     Projected Future Population, By Service Areas,
            Yakima Valley	VI-17


  VII-1     Water Supply Inventory 	 VII-2

  VII-2     Present and Future Municipal and Industrial Needs,
            by Water Service Areas, Yakima River Basin 	 VII-5


 VIII-1     Municipal Waste Loadings	VIII-6

 VIII-2     Industrial Raw Waste Production, 1960	VIII-8

 VIII-3     Maximum Monthly Waste Loads	VIII-11

 VII1-4     Required Stream Flow Regimen for Quality Control
            Purposes, Yakima River Basin, Washington 	  VIII-16

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                                 LIST OF FIGURES
                                                  I/
Figure No.                            Title                        Page No.

     V-l     Schematic Diagram, Yakima River Basin	   V-2

     V-2     Map Depicting Storage, Diversions, and
             Irrigated Acreage, Yakima River Basin	   V-3

     V-3     Yakima River Stream Flow, cfs,
             (Ten-Year Recurrence Interval) 	   V-6

     V-4     Dissolved Solids Variations, Yakima River Basin.  . .  .   V-7

     V-5     Coliform Bacteria Counts, Yakima River 	   V-9

     V-6     Water Temperature Profiles, August, 1955,
             Yakima River	   V-ll

     V-7     Dissolved Oxygen, Per Cent Saturation,
             Yakima River Basin 	   V-13


   VII-1     Municipal and Industrial Water Demand,
             Yakima River Basin 	 VII-6


  VIII-1     Municipal and Industrial Raw Waste Production,
             Yakima River Basin	VIII-7

  VIII-2     Present and Projected Dissolved Oxygen Profiles,
             Yakima River Basin 	  VIII-14

  VIII-3     Additional Flow Required for Water Quality Control .  VIII-15

   —       Location Map	Back Cover
   I/  Figures  incorporated  in  this  report were  finalized  in August 1965
       and  title blocks  show the  reporting agency's  name as  "Public
       Health Service".  Effective January 1,  1966,  this organization's
       name was changed  to "Federal  Water Pollution  Control  Administration".

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                            I.   INTRODUCTION

      A.   Request and Authority
      The request for this report was made by the U.  S.  Bureau of
 Reclamation by letter dated June 20, 1962.  Authority for the
 investigation and report is the "Federal Water Pollution Control
 Act", as amended (33 U.S.C. 466b(b)).

      B.   Purpose and Scope
      The investigation on which this report is based was conducted
 for the  purpose of advising the Bureau of Reclamation on the need
 for and  value of storage in Bumping Lake Enlargement, Yakima River
 Basin, for water quality control.  To accomplish this,  all available
 data on water uses, waste sources, and water quality were examined,
 evaluated, and projected.  Field data collected by the Public Health
 Service  and Washington State Pollution Control Commission in 1961
 and 1962 aided the evaluations.

      The area covered in the report includes all of the Yakima River
 Basin drainage and is defined demographically by areas within Benton,
 Kittitas, and Yakima Counties.

      Evaluations include projected conditions to the year 2010, with
 an interim date of 1985.  An economic base study was prepared for
 this purpose and is summarized in the report.
     The findings of the report are based on comprehensive studies
 being conducted in this region by the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration.

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                                                                    1-2
     C.  Acknowledgments



     Information for this report was provided by officials of the



Cities of Yakima, Ellensburg, Sunnyside, Cle Elum, and Prosser;




the Nob Hill Water Company; the Yakima Chamber of Commerce; the



Washington State Department of Health; the Washington State Pollution



Control Commission; the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation; the U. S. Bureau



of Indian Affairs,; the U. S. Geological Survey; the engineering firm



of Gray and Osborne of Yakima; the engineering firm of Cornell,



Rowland, Hayes and Merryfield of Corvallis, Oregon; and the Engineering



Department of the University of Washington.  The cooperation of persons



within these organizations is gratefully acknowledged.  The assistance



of organizations and individuals attending the public meeting held by



the Public Health Service, in Yakima, April 27, 1965, is also



acknowledged.

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                II.  SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS






     A.  Summary of Findings




          1.  The Bumping Lake Enlargement Project proposed by the




Bureau of Reclamation consists of a 223-foot high dam located on




Bumping River about 4,500 feet downstream from the present Bumping




Lake Dam (see Location Map, back cover).  It is proposed with this




project to increase the storage capacity of Bumping Lake from 33,700




acre-feet to about 458,000 acre-feet.  The enlargement would include




space for several years of carry-over storage.  Management of the




reservoir would be coordinated with existing water resource development




in the basin to serve needs for supplemental irrigation, flood control,




municipal and industrial water supply, fish and wildlife, recreation,




and water quality control.




          2.  The study area covered in this report is the entire



Yakima River drainage basin which is comprised of Yakima, Kittitas,




and Benton Counties.  Subareas examined in the study are the Cle Elum-




Roslyn area, Ellensburg-Kittitas area, Naches-Yakima-Moxee City area,




Wapato-Toppenish area, Sunnyside-Grandview area, and Prosser-Benton




City area.




          3.  The drainage area of Yakima Basin is about 6,000 square




miles.  Existing reservoirs in the basin are Keechelus, Kachess, Cle




Elum, Bumping Lake, Rimrock (Tieton), Clear Lake, and Wenas Creek.




About 1,072,000 acre-feet of usable storage capacity has been




developed in these reservoirs.

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                                                                  II-2

          4.  The average annual runoff of the basin, as measured at the

lower-most gaging station on the river (drainage area 5,600 square

miles), is 2,660,000 acre-feet.  The one-in-ten year low mean annual

runoff to the Yakima River at several points from upper to lower basin

are:
                                               cfs    acre-feet
      Cle Elum	   1,100     800,000
      Umtanum • • - •	   1,600   1,160,000
      Above Parker  	   3,000   2,170,000
      Below Parker (Sunnyside Diversion)* •     680     495,000
      Kiona 	   1,700   1,230,000

Minimum flows in the main stem of the river occur below Parker

(Sunnyside Diversion Dam) during the irrigation season.  The minimum

monthly average flow recorded at this location is about 100 cfs.

          5.  The economic base of the Yakima Valley is agriculture.

Water resource development is oriented principally toward this base.

          6.  The 1960 population of the study area was 177,000.

About 62 per cent of the population resided in urban areas and

38 per cent resided in unincorporated towns and rural areas.  There

is potential for considerable population growth.  The projected

populations for 1985 and 2010 are 239,000 and 326,000, respectively.

          7.  Water use for municipal and domestic purposes in the

study area in 1960 was about 36 million gallons per day (MGD), and

for industrial use about 9 MGD.  Approximately 70 per cent of the

water used for these purposes is obtained from underground sources.

Based on future population and industrial growth expected in the area,

the potential demand for water for these purposes by the years 1985

and 2010 is projected to be  74 MGD and 122 MGD, respectively.

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                                                                   II-3




 The industrial demand has been increasing at a slightly greater rate




 than the municipal demand and is expected to continue this trend.




           8.  Surface waters, in addition to being used for municipal




 and industrial supply, are used for irrigation, fish and game propaga-




 tion, stock watering, recreation, hydroelectric power, and disposal of



 municipal and industrial wastes.  Stream waters in the lower basin




 areas receive and at times consist almost entirely of return flows




 and drainage water from irrigated lands.




           9.  The mineral quality of surface waters in upper Yakima




 River areas is excellent.  Waters in the lower reaches of the river




 are significantly higher in mineral content but are suitable for all




 uses, including municipal and industrial water supply.  Biochemical




 oxygen demand (BOD) received in the river from waste and land drainage




 sources is adequately assimilated in most stream sections without




 detriment to the dissolved oxygen (DO) requirements of fish and other




 aquatic life.  Survey data show that the critical DO zone occurs in




 lower reaches of the river and is most pronounced under early morning




 conditions during summer and early fall months.




         10.  The City of Yakima has completed  facilities for secondary




waste treatment with provisions for disinfecting municipal wastes on a



year-round basis.   Industrial wastes at Yakima will receive similar




treatment during winter months.  During summer months, control of this




waste is accomplished by sprinkler irrigation.  Lagoons are provided




to collect any subsequent runoff.  The goal of  the Washington State

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                                                                   II-4






Pollution Control Commission for Yakima River Basin is for ultimate




year-round achievement of greater''than 85 per cent BOD removal at  all




sources by means of a combination of these control methods.






          -11.  Average daily municipal waste production  in  the study




area  in 1960  (before treatment) was about 222,000 population  equiva-




lents (FE).  With present treatment, it is estimated  that about




33,000 FE of this waste  is received in stream waters  of  the basin.




Industrial waste production in the study area in 1960 averaged about




312,000 FE.  Existing disposal practices are believed capable of




accomplishing an over-all average reduction of  these  wastes to about




45,000 PE per day.  According to present information, about 90 per




cent  of the municipal and industrial waste in the study  area  is




produced along the lower Yakima River within and below the  Naches-




Yakima-Moxee City service area.



          12.   Survey data indicate that land drainage and irrigation




return flows add an average of about 3 milligrams per liter (mg/1) of




BOD to Yakima River waters.   Farm animals,  having an estimated waste




potential of about 1,300,000 PE,  decomposable vegetative matter, and




dead and dying aquatic organisms contribute significantly to  the



oxygen demand  on the river.






          13.   There is evidence that irrigation return flows cause




increased water temperatures in the lower Yakima River where major




return flows occur.   Between Parker and Kiona, water temperatures



rise rapidly to attain values of 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit  ( F.).

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                                                                  II-5
     B.  Conclusions
          1.  The future economic growth of Yakima River Basin will be
dependent to a large extent on a continuation of water resource
development for agricultural purposes.  The proposed enlargement of
Bumping Lake is one of several efforts being made to further this
development.
          2.  Diversions of stream flow for irrigation (about 2.5 million
acre-feet annually) and return flows resulting from this use of water are
the major factors affecting water quality in the Yakima River.  Increased
stream temperatures, excessive aquatic growths, high turbidity, and
excessive sediment loads are some of the effects resulting from this
practice.  Municipal and industrial waste effluents, averaging'about
80,000 FE per day, and domestic farm animal wastes, estimated at about
65,000 FE per day, have compounded these effects by contributing
bacterial organisms, nutrients, and oxygen-demanding materials to
the river.
          3.  Utilization of the Yakima River for anadromous and resident
game fish production and recreation have been curtailed due to low
stream flows and reduced stream quality.  Stream waters, particularly
in the lower 30 to 40 miles of the river, are unfit for water-contact
activities because of bacterial contamination £1,000 coliforms per
100 ml) and are undesirable as a source of municipal and industrial
water supply.  Fluctuations in temperature, algal growths, turbidity,
and occurrences of slimes would be expected to create operational
difficulties in the treatment of these waters were they to be used for
municipal and industrial supply.

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                                                                  II-6






          4.  Additional irrigation development and increased popula-




tion and industrial growth along the Yakima River is expected to cause




a further reduction in water quality below Sunnyside Diversion Dam.




Oxygen-demanding wastes, even after a reasonable level of treatment




has been applied, are expected to exert greater demands on the DO



resource of the lower river.  Stream temperatures (already relatively




high, 70-80 °F.), algal growths, turbidity, and other factors




characteristic of the quality of waters in this reach may also




increase as future economic expansion progresses.






          5.  Continuous expenditures for waste treatment facilities




will be needed to keep pace with population growth and industrial



expansion in the Yakima Basin.  Expenditures for municipal waste




treatment alone between the years 1957 and 1963, for example, were




about $2,800,000.  Assuming that future updating of waste treatment




facilities and practices will accomplish BOD removal of at least




85 per cent, the daily average waste loads expected to remain after




this treatment, together with uncontrolled loads from urban and rural




runoff, are projected to more than triple present loads or increase




to about 275,000 FE by the year 2010.  About 90 per cent of the



projected future load is expected to be received in the lower 30-40




mile reach of the Yakima River where large diversions for irrigation




take place and where stream flows at times consist entirely of irriga-




tion return flow.

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                                                                  II-7




          6.  The future control of water quality in the Yakima River




will require (1) adequate waste treatment or other methods of controlling




waste at the source, (2) continuous disinfection of treatment plant




effluents, (3) assured quantities of stream flow to maintain a minimum




DO level of at least 5 mg/1 in the critical zone of the river below




Sunnyside Diversion Dam, (4) channelization of the river to reduce




stream width for temperature reduction,  (5) controlled surface and




sub-surface drainage to reduce nutrient and temperature effects, and




(6) controlled use of chemicals to minimize pesticide concentrations in




the stream.  If DO is permitted to fall below 5 mg/1 and stream tempera-




tures cannot be reduced to at least 70  F., the free passage of anadromous




fish species to and from upper basin spawning areas will be further




jeopardized and possibilities of upgrading recreational opportunities,




aesthetic values, and other assets associated with an attractive stream




would be further reduced.




          7.  Field observations and computer studies incorporating




oxygen-balance techniques, show that present waste loads and loads




projected for 1985 can be assimilated in the minimum one-in-ten year




low summer and fall flow of the river (about 100 cfs) without reducing




DO below 5 mg/1 in the critical zone (low point at Prosser).  According




to these computations, however, the projected 2010 load would reduce




the average monthly level of DO to below 5 mg/1 or to about 4 mg/1




during summer and fall months one year out of ten.  DO levels down to




3 mg/1 could at times be expected to occur due to diurnal fluctuation




in waste loads.

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                                                                  II-8


          8.  It is estimated that by the year 2010 an average flow of


280 cfs, as measured at the Parker gaging station (during July, August,


September, and October), will be required to control DO at 5 mg/1 in the


Yakima River below Sunnyside Diversion Dam.  In order to maintain this


control, there will be a need beginning about the year 1995 for an
                       jf
annual draft-on-storage of 50,000 acre-feet from Bumping Lake Reservoir.


Releases would be required at such time and in such amounts as may be


dictated by seasonal variations in waste loadings and DO conditions


downstream.  Stream temperatures in the lower river would not be


affected at this level of release or at higher releases even if cooler


water from lower levels of the reservoir were available and could be


withdrawn.  Temperature studies, although incomplete, indicate that the


only feasible means of reducing summer stream temperature between Parker


and Kiona would primarily be to reduce stream width through channelization


between Parker and Kiona and, secondly, to reduce surface return flows.


          9.  Storage releases from Bumping Lake Reservoir for water


quality control below Sunnyside Diversion Dam (Parker-to-Kiona reach of

Yakima River) would benefit a potential population of 300,000 persons


residing along 20-30 miles of the river and would improve fishing and other


recreational uses of the river.  The fishing effort, for example, is


estimated at about 835,000 angler days per year at the present time and


the potential or full re-establishment of the fishery is valued at about


$4,000,000 annually.


^Annual draft-on-storage is the sum of incremental excesses of needed
 releases over inflows during a climatic year (April to April).

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                                                                  II-9



          10.  The beneficiaries of water quality maintenance in Yakima




River Basin are identifiable in general terms, many of which, however,




are not directly measurable in monetary terms.  The minimum value of




the benefits assignable to Bumping Lake Reservoir for quality control




is considered, therefore, to be at least equal to the cost of the most



likely alternative means of providing the same level of water quality




in the absence of the project.  After considering such alternatives




as the transmission of wastes downstream, transmission of wastes out



of the basin, additional land disposal of wastes, and single-'purpose




releases from storage, it was determined that single-purpose releases




from storage is the only means whereby equivalent control could be




achieved, particularly in view of needs to control runoff and'land




drainage wastes.






          11.  The minimum value of the benefits assignable to an




annual draft-on-storage of 50,000 acre-feet in Bumping Lake Reservoir




is estimated to be $150,000 or $3.00 per acre-foot.  This value is




based on the capital cost of a single-purpose reservoir constructed




at the least-cost most-likely site on Little Naches River above the




City of Yakima amortized over a 100-year project life, with an annual




operation and maintenance (O&M) expense of $13,000, a discount period




of 20 years (assumed project completion in 1975), and interest at



3.125 per cent.

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                                                                 11-10




          12.  It is not known whether full re-establishment of the




fishery potential of Yakima River Basin could be achieved in view of




the large appropriation of waters for irrigation.  The fishery




potential would be preserved in part at least by releases from




storage for maintenance of water quality.




          13.  The benefits derived from water quality maintenance in



the Yakima River are both tangible and intangible and are widespread




both in area and type of beneficiary.  While the benefits discussed



above apply primarily to the Yakima River, additional widespread




benefits in terms of improved water quality downstream along the




Columbia River would also be realized.  These latter benefits,




however, are not possible to identify at this time.




          14.  Future municipal and industrial water requirements in




the study area, particularly in the Naches-Yakima-Moxee City service




area, will exceed available supplies within the next 50 years.  It




is understood, however, that local communities and/or industries have




taken no action toward retaining water supply storage in the proposed



reservoir.  Because surface waters are nearly fully allocated at the




present time, it may be desirable to give early consideration to




storage for this purpose in any future water resource development




proposals in the basin.  It is expected that ground water will continue




to supply the future needs of the smaller municipalities and industries




in the basin.

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                        III.  PROJECT DESCRIPTION






     A.  Location




     Bumping Lake Dam and Reservoir is located near the headwaters of




Bumping River, a tributary of the Naches River, which joins the Yakima




River near the City of Yakima (see Location Map, back cover).



     As proposed by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, the Bumping Lake




Enlargement Project will increase storage from 33,700 to 458,000 acre-




feet by means of a 223-foot high dam about 4,500 feet downstream from




the existing dam.  The drainage area above the proposed site is 69




square miles and the average annual runoff is 210,000 acre-feet.  Space




for several years of carry-over storage is being planned in the project




to provide supplemental water during dry years.




     Water at this elevation is generally of good chemical, physical,




and biological quality.  The area is relatively inaccessible during the




winter months and is used primarily for fishing in summer months.




Annual fluctuations in water-surface elevation will not be as great in




the enlarged reservoir as in other lakes of the system due to the hold-




over storage characteristics.  In dry years, however, considerable




fluctuation would occur.




     B.  Proposed Project




     The operation of Bumping Lake Enlargement Project would be




coordinated with existing storage development in the Yakima River



system to allow more freedom in serving needs for irrigation, flood




control, and needs for improved flows for fishery use.  Fishway




facilities at some of the existing dams would also be provided.

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                       IV.  STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION






     A.  Boundaries




     Because the proposed project would affect all parts of the basin,




the entire drainage area of the Yakima River was selected for study.



The area, which encompasses about 6,000 square miles, is located in




South-Central Washington on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains




and extends from Keechelus Reservoir to Richland, a distance of about




215 miles (see Location Map, back cover).  The basin is bounded on the




northeast by the Wenatchee Range, on the east by Rattlesnake Hills,




and on the south by Horse Heaven Hills.  Upthrust ridges lying in an




east-west direction across the basin divide it below the City of




Ellensburg, above and below the City of Yakima, and below Prosser.




The area is comprised of Yakima, Kittitas, and Benton Counties.




     In terms of physical characteristics and economic development,




the basin lends itself to division into six distinct water-service




areas:  (1)  Cle Elum-Roslyn; (2) Ellensburg-Kittitas; (3) Naches-




Yakima-Moxee City; (4) Wapato-Toppenish; (5) Sunnyside-Grandview; and




(6) Prosser-Benton City.




     The economic base of the Cle Elum-Roslyn area is predominantly




forest land and light agriculture, along with some coal mining.  The




Ellensburg-Kittitas area is almost entirely pasture land for cattle




raising.  The Naches-Yakima-Moxee City area produces fruit, vegetables,




hops, and other related products which are processed locally.

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                                                                   IV-2




 Activities in the Wapato-Toppenish area include sugar refining and fruit




 and vegetable processing.   In the Sunnyside-Grandview area, processing




 of fruit and vegetables predominates.   The Prosser-Benton City area is




 in the narrower section of the basin and contains vineyards, producing




 grapes which are processed in the Prosser area.









     B.  Physical Features




     Variations in the terrain of the Yakima River Basin range from




rugged forest lands in the.Cascade Mountains and Wenatchee Range to




relatively level fertile valleys in the lowlands of the basin formed




by the east-west ridges.  The ridges, Rattlesnake Hills and Horse




Heaven Hills, are basalt outcroppings practically devoid of vegetation




except for early spring grasses.  Altitudes in  the basin range from




8,200 feet in the Cascades to 320 feet at the mouth of the river.




Glaciers on the western edge of the basin at elevations above 7,000




feet aid in maintaining runoff in the mountain  streams during the late




irrigation season.  Between the City of Ellensburg and Selah, the




river flows through a narrow steep-walled canyon for about 25 miles.




Just above the confluence of the Naches River,  the Yakima River flows




through a narrow gap (Selah Gap).  About 10 miles downstream, it is




joined by Ahtanum Creek and flows through Union Gap into the broad




portion of the valley, which extends to Prosser, where the canyon




again narrows for several miles.  The valley areas from Prosser to




the mouth are small, narrow patches adjacent to the river.

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                                                                  IV-3






     C.  Climate



     The climate is variable.  In the upper Cascades, annual precipita-




tion may reach over 100 inches, whereas in the valley floor it may be




as low as 6 inches.  This variation is the result of orographic




rainfall from the Pacific Ocean (i.e., the high mountains literally



wring out the moisture as it passes over, and the valley is left in




the rain shadow of the mountains).  Much of the precipitation occurs




as snow in the upper reaches.  Most of the year in the valley areas




the climate is relatively mild, but extreme temperatures of minus 5




degrees Fahrenheit and over 100 degrees Fahrenheit do occur.  Generally,




frost-free days may be expected from mid-May to mid-September.  The use




of smudge pots and other devices to alleviate effects of frost are used




to protect orchard crops from unusually low spring temperatures.

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                  V.  WATER RESOURCES OF THE STUDY AREA


     A.  Surface Water

          1.  Existing Water Resource Development

          Lands in Yakima River Basin have been irrigated since before

the turn of the century.  At present, six major reservoirs store water

for use on about 450,000 irrigable acres (see FIGURE V-l, Schematic

Diagram).  These reservoirs have a combined usable capacity of about

1,072,000 acre-feet, as shown below.


                RESERVOIR                ACRE-FEET
                Keechelus                 157,800
                Kachess                   239,000
                Cle Elum                  436,900
                Bumping Lake               33,700
                Rimrock (Tieton)          198,000
                Clear Lake                  5,300
                Wenas Creek                 1,300

          In addition to the proposed Bumping Lake Enlargement, further

development of storage may be provided in the proposed Bureau of Indian

Affair's Toppenish-Simcoe Project on Simcoe Creek (37,000 acre-feet)

and there are possibilities for storage on Teanaway River, Little Naches

River, Ahtanum Creek, Cle Elum Reservoir, and the main Yakima River

below Ellensburg.  FIGURE V-2 shows the location of major reservoirs

and streams on which additional storage development is possible.

          All waters in Yakima River Basin, except for some surplus

flow during winter months, are fully appropriated.  The following list

-------
    KEECHELUSRES.
        157,800 A.F. *
KACHESS RES.
  2 39,000 A.F.

3&CLEELUM RES.
     436,900 A.F.
    »Cle Elum


        ELLENSBURG
                                      ROZA CANAL
   LitHeJ\h
t
               N\ -C
     Naches* SelaHvC5^    »MoxeeCity
  ttx^sS--n^rr-4?vv'.-'
gi^
                   \\*"
                                o^
                       InionGap fcA
                           ^l10
                         • \\0i-11IUII

                           \\0Gronger
                   Toppenish»\\

                                 >Sunnyside
                                        Av       t\
                                       /4»   Wapa1o»V\_Zi]lah
                          IMROCK RES.  /            VT^r
                          198,000A.F. /     Toppenish,\fGr°r
           PROPOSED
      | ENLARGEMENT
        BUMPING LAKE RES,
      33,700 to 458,OOOA.F.
                                                            eGrandview
                                                            \
             Note;
                 Return drains add to flow
                 between Parker and K/'ono.
                 LEGEND
                T  U.S.G.S. Gage
                Vy  Reservoir

                ^  Diversion Dam

                •  City
                                            WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
                                              BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
                                              YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON


                                               SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
                                       U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION,8WELFARE
                                                     Public Health Service
                                        REGION IX
                                                     (DATE'.8/65)
                                                                     PORTLAND, OREGON
                                                                         FIGURE V-l

-------
KEECHELUS
RESERVOIR fl KACHESS
          RESERVOIR
DUMPING
  ENLARGEMENT
                   5   0   5   10  15

                      Scole In Miles
              LEGEND
              Irrigated Acreage
              Storage
              Diversions or
                Drainages
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
  BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
  YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON

  STORAGE,DIVERSIONS and
   IRRIGATED ACREAGE
                                   U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION,8 WELFARE
                                              Public Health Service
                                   REGION IX
                                             (DATE:8/65)
                                                          PORTLAND.OREGON
                                                             FIGURE V-2

-------
                                                                   V-4

summarizes water rights in the basin and shows that much of the water

would be reused several times if all rights were exercised simultaneously

during summer months:


                                               MEAN FLOW AT KIONA
         MONTH             WATER RIGHTS          (1941 - 1962)
                                                      cfs

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
cfs
630
630
690
4,360
6,740
7,360
7,390
7,220
5,070
2,860
630
630
                                                     3,499
                                                     3,956
                                                     4,122
                                                     4,800
                                                     6,080
                                                     5,971
                                                     2,206
                                                     1,673
                                                     1,814
                                                     2,528
                                                     3,202
                                                     4,180
          With existing storage, all water rights can be met during

normal water years.  However, during dry years, storage is inadequate

and the available water is prorated according to the priorities

established by court action as set forth in the Consent Decree of 1945.

Records show that flows below some diversion points, particularly those

below Sunnyside and Prosser, fall to less than 50 cfs for several days

at a time.

          Records for Parker (see APPENDIX A) show that diversions at

Sunnyside have depleted the stream to a minimum day of 14.5 cfs and a

minimum month of 107 cfs.  These minimum flows can occur in any of the



* Data obtained from Bureau of Reclamation summaries.

-------
                                                                   V-5




months from July through October, depending on climatic conditions.




Return flows exert substantial recovery to a minimum day of 730 cfs




and a minimum month of 1,216 cfs at Kiona.






          2.  Stream Flow Frequency Analysis




          Historical records show that relatively consistent regulation




has occurred in the basin since 1941, making it possible with minor




adjustments at several locations to develop low-flow frequency




probabilities by standard analytic procedures.  A low-flow frequency




analysis was performed using the mean monthly flows of record for the




twenty-two years from 1941 through 1962.  Mean monthly low flows with




recurrence intervals of 2, 5, and 10 years were developed from records




at Cle Elum, Umtanum, Parker, and Kiona.  These flows are presented in




APPENDIX A (Tables 3, 4, and 5).




          FIGURE V-3 shows the effect of diversions at Parker and the




increased flow contributed by return flows between Parker and Kiona.




The net loss of water shown is believed lost through evapo-transpiration




processes and percolation to ground water aquifers.  FIGURE V-3 also




points out the April-May-June flood peak or water which would be




available for additional storage development.




          3.  Quality of Water Available




          Yakima River water is reduced in quality as it flows down-




stream.  TABLE V-l and APPENDIX B are typical examples of water quality




at several locations along the river.  FIGURE V-4 typifies dissolved




solids at various stream flows.

-------
                                             i
                                                  N D
                                   Ellensburg
                                                      6000
                                                      5000
                              4000
                                                      3000
20T|C

  "I
  I
100%-
      J--X A M J J A S
                       YAK
            kZJnion
            f-Gap
                TIN D
        ,:,:¥«¥:..  2QQO/
    - ••••'•:•'•••:•:;:;:;:;:>:"•  ••:.•::.. /^
           *Vlooo-



           : : ~^v As
1
,_
—
c
— '
f

>
I—
f
•»
**
— ^
r^
~~
-5
£
c
p
                                          Granger
/
                    FMAMJJASO
^
                          <^
                                         3000
                      5   0   5   10   15    !000

                         Scale In Miles

                                            0
                                                                         Kiona
                                              J F H A M J J A S 0 N 1)
                                            WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
                                              BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
                                              YAKIMA RIVER BASIN,WASHINGTON

                                          YA KI MA RIVER STREAMFLOW, C FS
                                            (Ten-Year Recurrence Interval)
                                        U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATIONS WELFARE
                                                     Public Health Service
                                         REGION IX
                                                    (DATE: 8/65)
                                                                   PORTLANO.OREGON
                                                                       FIGURE V-3

-------
tr
UJ
  250-
O
  ISO-
_
o
in
o 100
UJ
   50H
                          CLE ELUM
             1000     2000    3000     4000    5000     6000

                  YAKIMA RIVER FLOW-CUBIC FEET/SECOND
7000
      Note:
           Data  from U.S.G.S., Quality of Surface

           Waters of the United States 1965 -  61
                                     WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY

                                       BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT

                                       YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON


                                   DISSOLVED SOLIDS  VARIATIONS
                                 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.SWELFARE
                                             Public Health Service
                                  REGION IX
                                            (DATE:8/65)
                                                          PORTLAND.OREGON
                                                             FIGUREV-4

-------
                                                                   V-8

          The phosphate and nitrate concentrations shown in TABLE V-l

for lower reaches are in excess of threshold limits for stimulation

of nuisance aquatic organisms.  The overall mineral quality, however,

is adequate for municipal and most industrial water uses.
                               TABLE V-l
                     WATER QUALITY - YAKIMA RIVER
Concentration, mg/1
Constituent
Cle Elum
Parker
Kiona

SiO« 	
Fe 	
Ca 	
MB 	
Na 	
K 	
PO 	
so? 	
ci 	
NO, 	
HCOo 	

Total Hardness as CaCO-j. .
Total Alkalinity as CaCO-j.
6.3
0.05
5.0
1.7
0.8
0.4
0.00
1.1
0.5
0.1
. 26
. 28
. 21
. 22
15.0
0.02
12.0
3.5
6.4
1.3
0.08
5.0
2.5
0.4
64
86
48
55
39.0
0.01
32.0
9.9
20.0
3.6
0.31
22.0
7.5
2.7
165
200
65
140
          Examples of the bacterial quality of Yakima River water are

given in FIGURE V-5.  Between Yakima and Granger, where maximum

bacterial (coliform) counts occur, nearly all of the flow is diverted

to the irrigation canals on both sides of the river.

          Results of several sampling runs conducted by the Public

Health Service in the summer of 1962 are shown in APPENDIX B (Table 2).

-------
  10,000
E
o
o
o
o
 . 1,000
LJ
_j
CO
<
CD
O
           I
           «>
           a
ki
    100
                              I
                  I
I
           200
180   160   140   120   100    80    60

   YAKIMA RIVER-MILES FROM MOUTH
                 40   20
                                    WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
                                      BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT

                                      YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON


                                    COLIFORM BACTERIA COUNTS
                                           Sept. 19-20,  1962
                                 U S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.S WELFARE
                                             Public Health Service
                                  REGION IX
                                            (DATE: 8/es)
                                                          PORTLAND, OREGON
                                                              FIGURE V-5

-------
                                                                  V-10




According to these runs, the fecal coliform and fecal streptococci




counts follow the same pattern and together show that much of the




pollution is from human wastes.  The bacterial quality of the Yakima




River below Yakima is unsatisfactory for swimming and as a raw water




supply for municipal and food processing purposes.  All cities are




now chlorinating effluents or will be by the summer of 1965 at the




direction of the Washington* State Pollution Control Commission.




          Heavy growths of plankton and higher life forms are found




in the Yakima River from Roza Diversion Dam to the mouth of the river




(see APPENDIX B, Table 3).  Photosynthetic and respirational activi-




ties of these organisms are believed responsible for the diurnal




fluctuation in DO (65 to 110 per cent of saturation), pH, alkalinity,




CO , etc., in the Yakima River, indicated by these data.




          Large releases of cool water from storage, combined with




inflow from the principal unregulated streams, result in relatively




low summer temperatures in the upper Yakima River downstream to Parker.




Average values are less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.  Between Parker and




Kiona, water temperatures rise rapidly to attain values of 70 to 80




degrees Fahrenheit.  Temperatures below Kiona remain essentially




unchanged to the river mouth (see FIGURE V-6 and APPENDIX B, Tables




4a, 4b, and 4c).  Water temperatures between Parker and Kiona rise




rapidly even at relatively high discharges (300 to 3,000 cfs at




Parker).  Low stream velocities in wide stream sections appear to




cause this rise.

-------
    70-
LJ
cr
ID
o:
UJ
Q.
cr
UJ

I
    60-
    50-
                                                     YAKIMA RIVER MILES
          175
          UJ
          UJ
          _i
          o
150
125
100
O
                  Q.
                  i
75
50
o:
                                    I
                                    O
25
 0
Q
                                            I
                                            O
                                            Q:
                                      WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
                                        BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
                                        YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON

                                      WATER TEMPATURE PROFILES
                                              August 1955
                                  US. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.aWELFARE
                                               Public Health Service
                                   REGION IX
                                              (DATE'8/65)
                                                            PORTLAND, OREGON
                                                                FIGURE V-6

-------
                                                                  V-12

          DO in Yakima River exhibits considerable diurnal fluctuation

and is lowest in the vicinity of Granger (6.0 to 6.5 mg/1).  The DO

pattern shown in FIGURE V-7 indicates that the effect of photosynthetic

organisms govern the DO regimen of the river.

          Organic matter, in terms of BOD, varies from less than 1 mg/1

in the upper reaches to an average of about 3 mg/1 below Union Gap.

BOD values observed during 1961 and 1962 at three representative

locations along the Yakima River (i.e., Selah Gap, Granger, and

Frosser) are tabulated in APPENDIX B, Table 1.

          The Public Health Service surveillance station near the

mouth of Yakima River has detected DDD, DDE, DDT, and Dieldrin in

river waters.  The station has not been in operation long enough to

ascertain the source or significance of these pesticide materials.

          The chemical, physical, and biological quality of irrigation

return flow has been studied by Sylvester' and by the Public Health

Service.  Data obtained in these studies show that turbidity, BOD,

dissolved solids, coliform organisms, and temperature are somewhat

higher in irrigation drains than in the river.  It is also evident

that drains contain high numbers of coliform organisms (see APPENDIX B,

Table 5).
* Sylvester, R. 0., "A Study on the Character and Significance
  of Irrigation Return Flows in the Yakima River Basin",
  University of Washington, February 1962.

-------
             2.5
    WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
      BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
      YAKIMA RIVER BASIN,WASHIN6TON

  DISSOLVED OXYGEN,% SATURATION
         SEPT.  19-20,1961
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.a WELFARE
            Public Health Service

 REGION IX	(DATE 9/65)	PORTLAND,OREGON
                              FIGUREV-7

-------
                                                                  V-14

     B.  Ground Water

          1.  Quantity

          Ground water in Yakima River Basin is an important complement

to the surface water resources of the area.  Most of the municipalities

in the basin, with the exception of Roslyn and Easton, utilize ground

water for supply purposes.  In addition, ground water is used

extensively by self-supplied industries, rural residences, and

irrigators.  The U. S. Geological Survey lists the 1951 ground water

withdrawals in the basin as:*

          Irrigation	23,900 acre-feet per year
          Industrial	14,600 acre-feet per year
          Municipal 	  7,800 acre-feet per year
          Domestic	5.365 acre-feet per year

          TOTAL	51,665 acre-feet per year

According to the USGS, the valley is composed of discreet ground water

basins that have outlets roughly the same as the river outlets below

Ellensburg, at Selah Gap, at Union Gap, and below Prosser.

          2.  Quality

          Chemical analyses, including field determinations of hardness

and chloride, have been run by the USGS on over 40 wells in the basin.

The  breakdown by formation is as follows:




Ellensburg Formation. .
Cemented Gravel ....
Unconsolidated Alluvium
No. of
Samples

6
. 9
. 10
. 19
Cl
(ppm)

1.2- 8
6-26
5-26
0.7- 14
Hardness
as CaCOo

54-95
75-240
120-265
49-148
*Sceva, Jack E., USGS, Water Resources Division, "Gehydraulic Evaluation
 of Stream Flow Records in the Yakima River Basin, Washington".

-------
                                                                  V-15






Data on several additional wells throughout the valley are shown in




APPENDIX B, Table 6.  The mineral content of ground water is higher




than that of surface water, but is less than 500 mg/1 (recommended




standard) in nearly all cases.  Some wells tapping the basalt aquifer




reportedly contain small amounts of hydrogen sulfide.



          Ground water quality in the Yakima River Basin appears to




be acceptable for domestic use, with no treatment other than disinfec-




tion.  However, many municipal water companies, including Grandview,




Prosser, Sunnyside, Mabton, Toppenish, Selah, and Nob Hill, have




treatment problems resulting from objectionable quantities of




hydrogen sulfide and/or methane gas.  A slime-like growth, at least




partly attributable to the gas, has also been found in some well




supplies.

-------
                           VI.  THE ECONOMY

     A.  General
     The demand for water for municipal and industrial purposes, and
the amount and character of waste waters resulting from such uses, are
determined largely by the activities associated with a region's
economic base.  The purpose of this section is to present economic and
demographic data to be used as a basis for projecting the needs for
water for municipal and industrial purposes and for estimating the
future amounts and types of waste and land drainage material that may
be expected to occur in the Yakima River Basin with the expanded
development anticipated in the future.
     B.  Present
          1.  Economic Activities
          Employment by industry in the Yakima 3-County Area in 1960
is shown in Table VI-1.  Table VI-2 shows the per cent of the total
labor force in each industry group in the Yakima 3-County Area, and
compares that distribution with the Seattle Region and with the United
States as a whole.  An estimated employment distribution for the
Yakima Valley is shown in Table VI-2.  The difference between the
employment pattern in the Yakima Valley and the 3-County Area is
mainly the result of the inclusion in the latter of the Hanford Atomic
Works and various industries that have grown up as a result of it in
Richland and Kennewick.  In the industrial classification, the Hanford
Atomic Works, with more than 6,000 employees, is classified as a
"chemical" industry.

-------
                                                                      VI-2
                                  TABLE VI-1
      LABOR FORCE, BY INDUSTRY GROUP, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA, APRIL 1960
      Industry Group
Benton Kittitas Yakima
                                                               3- County
                                                                 Total
Agriculture
Forest management; fisheries
Mining
                                   1832    1224
                                      9      45
                                      3     110
Manuf as
               Total
  Logging, lumber, wood pr. ,furn.
  Primary & fabric, metals
  Machinery, incl. electrical
  Other durable joods
  Food and kindred products
  Textiles and apparel
  Printing, publishing, and allied
  Chemical and allied
  Other non-durables, & misc. mfrs.

Construction

Truck trausp. and warehousing
R.R. & other transportation
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Education
All other services—'

Industry not reported

Total Employed Civilian Labor
  Force
Military
Total Employed Labor Force
Unemployed

TOTAL LABOR FORCE
8097
17
48
31
109
423
13
272
7097^'
87
629
269
45
20
43
195
0
53
0
4
                                   2179
  412


22072
  826
22898
 1561

24459
 825
 136


7271
  24
7295
 653

7948
                  3101
189
426
311
2770
1239
4605
142.
154
205
1246
938
1617
1514
689
3051
7472
2491
11628
  773


49014
  281
49295
 5563
54858
 6105

 1845
 1269
 3567
11488
 4668
17850

 1321
                                                                78357
                                                                 1131
                                                                79488
                                                                 7777
                                                                87265
a/ More than 6000 of these employees were at the Hanford Atomic Works.
b_/ Includes 213 in "Pulp, Paper, and Allied Products", according to Washington
Stite covered employment data for April 1960.
£/ Includes communications and utilities; finance, insurance, real estate,
business and repair services; personal services, private household workers,
entertainment and recreation; professional and related services; and public
administration.
 Source:  U.  S. Census of Population,  1960.

-------
                                                                       VI-3
                                   TABLE VI-2
   COMPARATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LABOR FORCE, BY INDUSTRY GROUP, APRIL 1960
                     (As Percent of Total Labor Force)
Yakima
Industry Group Valley
a/
Agriculture
Forest management; fisheries
Mining
Manufacturing. Total
Logging, lumber, wood pr., furn.
Primary and fabricated metals
Machinery, incl. electrical
Other durable goods
Food and kindred products
Textiles and apparel
Printing, publishing and allied
Chemical and allied
Other non-durables, and misc. mfrs.
21.3
.1
.2
10.6
1.9
.3
.5
.8
4.5
.6
1.0
.5
.5
3-County
Area
y
17.4
.1
.2
17.0
1.4
.3
.4
.8
3.8
.4
1.0
8.5£/
.4
Seattle
Region
c/
4.5
.5
.1
24.1
5.0
1.6
i:k
2.6
.6
1.3
1.1
2.2
United
States
6.1
.1
.9
25.1
1.5
3.6
4.4
4.6
2.6
3.1
1.6
1.2
2.5
Construction

Truck transp. and warehousing
R.R. and other transportation
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Education
All other services*/

Industry not reported

Total Employed Civilian Labor Force

Military

Unemployed

TOTAL LABOR FORCE
6.3
7.0
5.8
                                                                      5.5
2.6
1.3
5^2
13.9
5.5
21.2
1.4
89.6
.5
9.9
100.0
2.1
1.5
4.1
13.2
5.3
20.4
1.5
89.8
1.3
8.9
100.0
1.2
3.1
3.7
13.5
5.2
24.8
2.6
89.1
4.6
6.3
100.0
1.3
2.6
3.2
13.7
4.8
25.5
3.7
92.5
2.5
5.0
100.0
a/ Based on the distribution in Kittitas and Yakima Counties.  It is assumed
that the portion of Benton County included in the Yakima Valley has an
employment pattern similar to the other two counties.
b_/ Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
£/ Defined as Washington State, less 5 counties in southwestern Washington (in
the Portland Region) and 15 counties in eastern Washington (in the Spokane
Region.
d/ Includes the Boeing Co. at Seattle.
e/ Includes the Hanford Atomic Works.
if See Table 1, note c.
Source:  U. S. Census of Population, 1960.

-------
                                                                  VI-4

          The comparisons in Table VI-2 show that the economic base of

the Yakima Valley depends primarily upon specialization in agriculture

and food processing.  There is also more employment in trucking,

warehousing, and wholesale trade than would be expected on the basis

of the employment pattern in the Seattle Region and in the United

States.  This is due to food-processing activities, and to the fact

that the City of Yakima acts as a collection and distribution center

for a somewhat larger area than the three counties.  There is also

above-"normal" employment in education, resulting from the Central

Washington State College at Ellensburg and a junior college at Yakima.

The larger than "normal" employment in construction is not considered

to be part of the permanent economic base, but to result principally

from unusual building activity in the area at the time of the 1960

census.—

          Table VI-3 provides data on the agricultural production of

the Yakima 3-County Area.  Of the 526,000 acres of crop land harvested

in the 3-County Area in 1959, 345,000 were irrigated.  In addition to

this crop land irrigated, 113,000 more acres of land in uses other than

for crops (pasture, etc.) were irrigated.  Most of the irrigation is

provided through organized irrigation districts, rather than by on-farm
I/  Construction activity at Wanapum Dam was near its peak in 1960,
    while at Priest Rapids Dam final construction, including installa-
    tion of generators, was still under way.  Employees at these two
    sites, most of whom lived in Kittitas and Yakima Counties, would
    account for much of the above-average employment in construction
    in the 3-County Area.

-------
                                                                        VI-5
                                    TABLE VI-3

       ACREAGE HARVESTED,  BY PRINCIPAL  CROPS,  YAKIMA  3-COUNTY AREA,  1959

                             In Thousands of Acres

Type of Crop
Crops Harvested


from Irrigated Acreage

Individual Counties


Corn
Winter wheat
Spring wheat
Oats
Barley
Beans, dry field and seed
Peas, dry field and seed
Hay
Hops
Potatoes
Sugar Beets
Asparagus
Sweet corn
Tomatoes
Green peas
Orchards & vineyards
Misc. & not classified
TOTAL
Benton

5.7
.9
2.5
.6
.7
1.1
.1
8.9
1.3
2.3
2.1
1.7
.3
-
.8
5.6
_LZ
140.3
Kittitas

.9
.3
5.A
5-9
1.9
-
.6
*42.8
-
1.3
.8
-
2.3
-
.3
.2
	 ._2
62.9
Yakima

*4l.5
.k
9.0
2.0
' 6.1
-
.2
Mt. 9
17.0
*».5
1*4. *4
10.2
8.1
1.1
1.5
61 .*4
19.8
2*42.1

3-County
Total

*48.1
1.6
16.9
8.5
8.7
1.1
.9
96.6
18.3
8.1
17.3
11.9
10.7
1.1
2.6
67.2
.ILJ
3^5.3
Total
Acreage,
Including
non~
irrigated,
3-County
Total
*49.3
113.8
23-7
9-6
35.6
1.1
.9
10*1.1
18.3
8.2
17.3
11.9
10.9
1.1
2.6
69.0
*48.*4
525.8
    Includes all  of Benton,  Kittitas and Yakima  Counties.
Source:  U.S. Census of Agriculture,  1959,  Washington  State  volume,  Table 11a,
         page 206.

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                                                                  VI-6


sources.  With the exceptions of winter wheat and barley, nearly all


crops are grown only on irrigated land.  These provide the raw material


for the basin's important food-products manufacturing industry.  As


shown in Table VI-3, orchards are a major component in the agricultural


economy.  Livestock and poultry are also important in the basin.  Dairy,

                  s
meat and poultry products from the Yakima Valley are shipped to cities


throughout the Northwest, particularly to the populous Puget Sound area.


Yakima County is the leading county in Washington State in value of


farm products sold.   It ranks first in the State in production of tree


fruits, grapes, sugar beets, vegetables, cattle, sheep, and turkeys.


It is also the leading county in the Nation in production of apples,


hops, and mint.



          2.  Population



          The population of the Yakima Valley was about 177,000 in


1960, and the population of the 3-County Area was about 228,000.  The


difference is due to the exclusion from the Yakima Valley of the most


populous parts of Benton County, as shown in Table VI-4.  Of the


177,000 in the Yakima Valley, 145,000 were in Yakima County.  Data


are also presented in Table VI-4 for a "Yakima Urban Area", which


includes the suburban development surrounding the City of Yakima,


as well as the population within the incorporated limits of the city.


The boundaries used for this "urban area" are described in footnote


"b" of Table VI-4.

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                                                                       VI-7
                                   TABLE VI-4
                 POPULATION, BY COUNTY AND INCORPORATED PLACES,
                 YAKIMA VALLEY ECONOMIC AREA AND 3-COUNTY AREA
County or City
1940
1950
1960

KITTITAS COUNTY, TOTAL
Cle Elum
Ellensburg
Kittitas
Roslyn
South Cle Elum
Unincorporated — '
YAKIMA COUNTY, TOTAL
Yakima Urban Area £'
Yakima City
Union Gap City
Unincorporated suburban — '
Grandview
Granger
Harrah
Mabton
Moxee City
Naches
Selah
Sunnyside
Tie ton
Toppenish
Wapato
Zillah
Unincorp. outside Yakima urban area —
BENTON COUNTY, TOTAL
BENTON COUNTY INSIDE YAKIMA VALLEY, TOTAL
Benton City
Prosser
West Rich land
Unincorp. portion of CCD's 12,13,14 £'
TOTAL, YAKIMA VALLEY £/
BENTON COUNTY, OUTSIDE YAKIMA VALLEY, TOTAL
Kennewick
Richland
Unincorporated
TOTAL, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA 2/
20230
2230
5944
501
1743
n.a.
9812
99019
n.a.
27221
976
n.a.
1449
752
n.a.
485
335
536
1130
2368
n.a.
3683
1483
803
n.a.
12053
n.a.
n.a.
1719
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1918
n.a.
n.a.
131302
22235
2206
8430
586
1537
442
9034
135723
60648
38486
1766
20396
2503
1164
297
831
543
633
2489
4194
620
5265
3185
911
52440
51370
8697
863
2636
n.a.
5198
166655
42673
10106
21809
10758
209328
20467
1816
8625
536
1283
383
7824
145112
65608
43284
2100
20224
3366
1424
284
958
499
680
2824
6208
479
5667
3137
1059
52919
62070
11631
1210
2763
1347
6311
177210
50439
14244
23548
12647
227649
Footnotes on following page.

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                                                                    VI-7a
                            TABLE VI-4 (continued)
                POPUIATION, BY COUNTY AND INCORPORATED PLACES,
                YAKIMA VALLEY ECONOMIC AREA AND 3-COUNTY AREA
aj  Includes all unincorporated areas as of year shown, including portions
    marked "n.a."  (not available) which were later incorporated.

b/  Defined to include Yakima County 1960 Census Divisions 9,10,11,12,15,
    16,17,18,19, and Yakima City.  Included within these divisions are  the
    City of Union  Gap and the unincorporated communities of Fairview,
    Fruitvale, South Broadway and Sumach.

c/  Includes all of Kittitas and Yakima Counties and  Census County Divisions
~"   12,13,14, and  "Prosser" in Benton County.

d/  Includes all of Kittitas, Yakima and Benton Counties.

SOURCE:  U. S. Census of Population, 1940, 1950, 1960, April  1.

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                                                                  VI-8

     C.  Projected Economic Base and Population

          1.  Future Increases in Output and Employment
              of Major Industries

               a.  Summary

               The economy of the Yakima Valley is heavily dependent

upon agriculture and food processing, with some additional specializa-

tion in lumber and wood products manufacturing, trucking, warehousing,

wholesaling, and education.  Future growth of the Valley's economy and

population will depend primarily upon expansion of these same

industries.  The only other growth factors foreseeable are the

possibilities of increased employment in services connected with

recreation, the spill-over effects that would be felt from further

development and diversification at Hanford, the proposed development of

coal mines near Cle Elum, and the stimulus that might result if barge

navigation on the Columbia River is extended to Wenatchee.

               b.  Agriculture

               It is assumed that there will be no significant increase

in total acreage, but that irrigated acreage will increase slowly

during the study period.   A rate of growth in irrigated acreage of

0.2 per cent per year has been adopted for this study.

               It is assumed that cattle population in the Yakima

Valley will increase at about the rate projected for the population

of Washington State, or about 2.0 per cent per year.  That same rate

of increase has also been assumed for hogs and pigs, whose number in

the 3-County Area increased substantially from 1954 to 1959.  It is

-------
                                                                  VI-9

assumed that poultry numbers in the Yakima Valley will increase at only

half the rate expected for State population, or at about 1.0 per cent

per year.  This also approximates the rate of increase in poultry

production in Yakima County during 1954-59.  It is assumed in this

report that the number of milk cows in the Yakima Valley will slowly

increase at 0.5 per cent per year.  On the basis of the growth rates

assumed above, animal populations in the Yakima 3-County Area in the

future would be as follows:

                                   1959      1985       2010

          Milk Cows  	    19,766    22,500     25,500
          Other Cattle ....   198,211   331,700    544,200
          Hogs & Figs  ....    25,636    42,900     70,400
          Chickens 	   334,503   433,300    555,600

               It is assumed here that average productivity per acre

in the Yakima Basin will increase at 2 per cent per year during the

study period.

               c.  Food Processing

               On the basis of preceding assumptions, the raw material

for food processing in the Yakima Valley would increase at about 2.2

per cent per year (0.2 per cent from increases in acreage, and 2.0

per cent from increases in productivity per acre).   Additional

increases are expected as a result of diverting irrigated land

presently used for hay and grains to specialty crops to be used in

freezing and canning.  It is assumed that the combined effect of these

factors will be that the raw materials available for food processing

and the output of food-processing plants in the Yakima Valley in 1985

-------
                                                                 VI-10




will be about double the 1960 level and, in 2010, about four times the




1960 level.  For purposes of this study, it is further assumed that




this same growth rate will apply to all crops now processed, so that




the relative proportions among the various food products will remain




the same in the future as at present.  It is assumed here that the



growth in food processing will represent expansion at or near existing




plants.  This assumption might have to be revised if river barge




navigation is extended from Pasco to Wenatchee, in which case there




might be some advantages in locating plants along the Columbia River.




               d.  Lumber and Wood Products




               There appears to be the possibility of expansion in




production and employment in this industrial category based upon




harvesting species which are not now being cut, such as lodgepole pine,




larch, Engleman spruce, mountain hemlock, and alpine fir.  This could




provide the raw material for manufacture of pulp or hardboard or other




wood composition products.  Because of the large pulp and paper




facilities already well established over the Cascades in Western




Washington and because the transportation of chips across the




mountains from CheIan County has already proved to be economically




feasible, it seems unlikely that additional pulp or paper capacity



will be built in the Yakima Basin.  The most likely use of secondary




species manufactured within the Yakima Basin would be for hardboard




or particle board.  It is assumed, for purposes of estimating




industrial wastes, that two such plants will be established during



the study period, with Cle Elum and Yakima the most likely sites.

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                                                                 VI-11



It is assumed that the harvest of major species now being cut in the




Yakima Basin will remain about at the present level throughout the




study period.  There can be some increase in employment in this sector,




however, due to increases in fabricating of secondary products, though




such an increase will be partly offset by increases in output per



man hour.




               e.  Coal Mining




               Coal reserves in the Yakima Basin, located in Kittitas



County near Roslyn and Cle Elum, are estimated at 241 million tons.  A




tentative proposal has been made by a group of PUD's to re-activate




the mines there, which are now virtually closed, for thermal power




purposes.  Whether the coal mines are re-opened for this purpose will




depend on the relative cost advantages between coal-fired and nuclear-




fired steam power generation.  It is assumed in this study for water




resource planning purposes that a 500,000 kw steam-power plant will be




in operation near the coal deposits by 1985.  Such a plant would




require about 1.3 million tons of coal per year of the quality found




in Kittitas County and would employ about 300 persons in mining and




generating plant operations.




               f.  Diversified Manufacturing




               With the growth in the size of the local economy, it is




anticipated that there will be a more than proportionate growth in the




local manufacture of products now imported into the area.  Table VI-2




shows how the percentage of the labor force in the Yakima Valley in



most manufacturing categories falls far below that in the Seattle Region

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                                                                 VI-12




and the United States.  It is expected that with growth the Yakima




Valley will tend to move in the direction of the greater diversifica-




tion characteristic of the larger areas.  This would mean increases in




employment in such classifications as fabricated metals, machinery,




"other durables", and "other non-durables".



               g.  Service Industries




               It is assumed that Yakima will continue to act as a




center for trucking, warehousing, and wholesaling services, and that




employment in them will increase with the increase in State population.



               The State college at Ellensburg doubled in number of




students during the past decade and is expected to double again during



the next decade.  It is assumed here that the growth of the college



will continue during the study period, although at a slower rate




during the latter part of the period.



               h.  Recreation




               There appear to be possibilities for development of




recreation and tourism activities along the eastern slopes of the




Cascades.  This would add to the economic base of the area and



contribute to the increase in employment in "all other services", as




shown in Table VI-5.






          2.  Future Labor Force




          On the basis of the preceding assumptions, an illustrative




distribution of the labor force in the Yakima 3-County Area in 1985




and 2010 is given in Table VI-5.

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                                                                  VI-13

                              TABLE VI-5

      ESTIMAT2D FUTURE POPULATION OF THE YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA          ,
AND AN ILLUSTRATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FUTURE LABOR FORCE, 1960-20103-'

                                           Employment, nearest thousand
	Industry Group	1960	1985	2010

Agriculture, forest management, fisheries,
  and mining                                15.5       16           17

Manufacturing. Total                        14.8       25_           37_
  Logging, lumber, wood prod., furn.—' .      1.2        2            3
  Primary and fabricated metals,
    machinery, transp. equip.,
    and all orher durables                   1.2        4            7
  Food and kindred products                  3.3        5            7 •
  Chemicals and allied                       7.4       10£/         12-7
  Textiles, apparel, printing, and other
    non-durables, and misc. mfr.             1.7        4            8

Trucking and warehousing                     1.8        3            5

Education                                    4.7        8           11

All other services, including construction
  and "industry not reported"               41.6       61           89

Total Employed Civilian Labor Force         78.4      113          159

Military                                     1.1        1            2
Total Employed Labor Force                  79.5      114          161
Unemployed                                   7.8        7            8

Unemployed as percent of total employed
  labor force                               (9.8%)     (6.1%)       (5.0%)

Total Labor Force                           87.3      121          169

Population (nearest thousand)              228        314^/        434^

Total labor force as percent of population (38.3%)    (38.5%)      (39%)
aj Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
b_/ Includes hardboard, etc.
c_/ It is assumed that the Hanford atomic works will continue, with some
moderate expansion in employment, and that there will be growth of other
more conventional chemical manufacturing, particularly in the field of
agricv. uural chemicals.
d/ Also corresponds to projections in North Cascade Mountains Study. CBIAC,
Jan. 1964, Part I, Table 1, page 42.

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                                                                 VI-14

          3.  Estimated Future Population

          Table VI-5 gives an estimate of population in the Yakima

3-County Area in 1985 and 2010.  The growth rate for the 3-County

Area's population would be 1.3 per cent per year during both the

1960-85 and 1985-2010 periods.

          As shown in Table VI-4, the portion of the Yakima 3-County

Area's population that was within the Yakima Valley was 79.6 per cent

in 1950 and 77.8 per cent in 1960.  Although it is assumed that the

Richland-Kennewick area will grow less rapidly in the future than it

has in the past, it is anticipated that the population in the Yakima

Valley will probably continue to decline slowly as a percentage of the

3-County Area.  Here, it is assumed that the Yakima Valley will

constitute 76 per cent of the 3-County Area's population in 1985 and

75 per cent in 2010.  These percentages applied to the preceding

projections for the 3-County Area would mean that population within

the Yakima Valley would be:

                         1960	177,000
                         1985	239,000
                         2010	326,000

          The incorporated places in the Yakima Valley, as shown in

Table VI-4, and including the entire Yakima City Urban Area, as

defined in that table, constituted about 60 per cent of the total

Valley population in 1950 and about 62 per cent in 1960.  It is

assumed that this trend will continue and that population in incor-

porated places in 1985 will represent about 67 per cent of the Valley

population in 1985 and about 72 per cent in 2010.  This would mean that

-------
                                                                 VI-15




population in incorporated places in the Valley would be 160,000 in




1985 and 235,000 in 2010.  The growth rate for incorporated places,




taken as a whole, would be about 1.6 per cent per year during the




study period.  The bulk of the growth is likely to be in the Yakima




Urban Area, with Ellensburg and the Cle Elum-Roslyn area also




participating because of the economic base factors discussed above.




Table VI-6  provides a general guide to the growth that might




reasonably be expected to occur in each city.  Table VI-6 should be




regarded as simply a working hypotheses for planning purposes.




          In order to facilitate planning for water supplies and




waste disposal, the Yakima Valley has been divided into six service




areas, and the projected future population of the Valley has been




distributed among these areas, as shown in Table VI-7.  The distribu-




tion of unincorporated population has been made on the basis of a




judgment as to the potential for expansion of agriculture in the




various areas and the probabilities of growth in suburban population.

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                                                                    VI-16

                           TABLE VI-6

ILLUSTRATIVE PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE POPUIATION IN INCORPORATED PLACES
                          YAKIMA. VALLEY

                 (Population to nearest thousand)
City or Area
Kittitas County;
Cle Elum, South Cle Elum, and Roslyn
(total population)
Ellensburg
Kittitas
Yakima County;
Yakima Urban Area£/
Grandview
Granger
Harrah
Mabton
Moxee City
Naches
Selah
Sunnyside
Tieton
Toppenish
Wapato
Zillah
Bencon County (portion in Yakima Basin)
Benton City
Prosser
West Richland
TOTAL, INCORPORATED PLACES IN
1960


3.5
8.6
.5

65.6
3.4
1.4
.3
1.0
.5
.7
2.8
6.2
.5
5.7
3.1
1.1
:
1.2
2.8
1.3

YAKIMA. BASIN 110.2
1985


5.0
12.5
.6

100.0
4.9
2.0
o
1.4
.6
.8
4.1
9.0
.6
6.4
3.6
1.5

1.7
3.1
1.9

160.0
2010


7.4
18.1
.7

153.0
7.2
2.9
.4
2.0
.7
.9
5.9
13.0
.7
7.3
4.0
2.2

2.3
3.5
2.8

235.0
   i/ ?or ^eJiriibicn oi Yakiaa Urban Area, see Table 8  footnote^.

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                                                                     VI-17

                                TABLE VI-7

     PROJECTED FUTURE POPULATION IN THE YAKIMA VALLEY, BY SERVICE AREAS
                    (Population to nearest thousand)



     Area                              1950     1960     1985     2010
a/
Cle Elum - Roslyn Arerr
Incorporated places-'
Unincorporated
6.5
4.2
2.3
4.8
3.5
1.3
6.7
5.:
1.7
9.5
7.4
2.1
 Ellensfaurg - Kittitas Area£/          15.7   .15.7     21.6     29.3
   Incorporated places!/                9.0      9.2H/   13.1     18.8
   Unincorporated                       6.7      6.5      8.5     10.5

 Naches - Yakima - Moxee City Area6./   84.6     89.2    123.1    186.1
   Incorporated places^'               64.9     70.1    106.1    161.2
   Unincorporated                      19.7     19.1     22.0     24.9

 Wapato - Toppenish AreaS/             28.0     28.5     33.4     38.7
   Incorporated places]!/                9.7     10.1—'   11.8     13.9
   Unincorporated                      18.3     18.4     21.6     24.8

 Sunnyside - Grandview Areai/          23.1     27.4     35.4     45.9
   Incorporated places!/                8.7     12.0     17.3     25.1
   Unincorporated                      14.4     15.4     1S.1 •    20.8

Prosser - Benton City Area£/            8.7     11.6.    13.S     16.5
   Incorporated places^'               n.a.      5.3      6.7      8.6
   Unincorporated                      n.a.      6.3      7.1      7.9

TOTAL YAKIMA VALLEY                   166.6    177.2    239.0    326.0
   Incorporated places                 n.a.    110.2    160.0    235.0
   Unincorporated                      n.a.     67.0     79.0     91.0
a,/  Kittitas County Census Divisions 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
b/  Roslyn, Cle Elum, and South Cle Elutn.
£/  Kittitas County Census Divisions 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and Ellensburg.
<[/  Kittitas and Ellensburg.
e/  Yakima County Census Divisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
      13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, Selah and Yakima.
£/  Includes Yakima and Union Gap, and certain unincorporated suburban  area  as
      defined in footnote "b" in Table 8, and also Tieton, Niches,  Selah,  and
      Moxee City.
£/  Yakima County Census Divisions 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,  33,  34,  35, 36,
      37, 39, 40, Toppenish and Wapato.
h/  Harrah, Toppenish, Wapato, and Zillah.
T/  Yakima County Census Divisions 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38, and  Sunnyside.
j/  Grandview, Granger, Mabton and Sunnyside.
k/  Benton County Census Divisions 12, 13, 14, and Prosser.
I/  Benton City, Prosser, West Richland.
m/  Differs from data shown in Table 10 because of rounding.

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            VII.   WATER REQUIREMENTS—MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL





      A.   Present  Water Use




      Water  use  in the  study  area in 1960  for municipal and domestic




 purposes  was  about 36  MGD and  for industrial purposes about 9 MGD.




 Approximately 70  per cent of the water used  for  these purposes is




 obtained  from underground sources.   Pertinent  information on water




 supplies  in the basin  are summarized in TABLE  VII-1 and are further




 described below.




          1.  Cle Elum-Roslyn Area




          The Cle Elum-Roslyn water-service  area had  a  1960  population




of 4,800, of which 3,500  lived in incorporated places and  1,300  lived




in unincorporated areas.  A meat-packing plant, located near  Cle  Elum,




was the only major industrial water  user in  the area.  Municipal  water




needs were  supplied primarily from surface water.   The average 1960




municipal and domestic use was 1.1 MGD or 1,230 acre-feet.   The




industrial  use averaged 0.1 MGD.




          2.  Ellensburg-Kittitas Area




          The 1960 population of  the Ellensburg-Kittitas area was




15,700, of which 9,200 lived in incorporated places and 6,500 lived




in unincorporated areas.  The Ellensburg water supply is obtained from




wells, and  the supply at Kittitas is from springs.  Water use  in  this




area for municipal and domestic purposes in  1960 averaged 3.1 MGD or




3,470 acre-feet.  Industrial water use by three slaughter houses, a




rendering plant, a dairy, and a cannery averaged 0.4 MGD, with 0.87 MGD




used in September and 0.28 MGD used  in January.

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                                                                     VII-2
                                  TABLE VII-1
                            WATER SUPPLY INVENTORY
Community
Pop.
Served
Ave. Plant ,
Source of Supply Output, MGIr Treatment

Ben ton City
Cle Elum
Easton
Ellensburg
Grand view
Granger
Kittitas
Mabton
Moxee
Naches
Prosser
Ronald
Roslyn
Selah
South Cle Elum
Sunny side
Tieton
Toppenish
Union Gap
Wapato
West Richland
Yakima
Zillah
1,210
2,000
300
9,500
4,000
1,530
500
980
600
650
3,250
250
1,600
3,200
415
6,200
460
6,000
2,100
3,135
800
43,000
1,200
Misc. Water Districts
3 wells
Lake Cle Elum,
Silver Creek
4 wells
6 wells
2 wells
Spring
3 wells
Well
2 wells
3 wells
Roslyn
Domeric Creek
4 wells
Springs
6 wells
2 wells
4 wells
3 wells
3 wells
2 wells
Naches R. (winter)
4 wells (summer)
3 wells
wells
0.30
2.00
0.06
2.689
1.80
0.10
0.65
0.09
0.15
0.04
0.83
	
0.24
0.80
0.02
1.44
0.11
1.50
0.53
1.02
0.20
11.50
8.20
0.30
1.00
None
Chlorination
None
Chlorination
Chlorination
None
None
Chlorination, Aeration
None
None
Chlorination, Aeration
See Roslyn
Chlorination
None
Chlorination
Chlorination
None
None
None
Chlorination
None
Chlorination
None

I/  Estimated or based on actual plant output.

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                                                                 VII-3




          3.  Naches-Yakima-Moxee City Area




          The 1960 population of this area was 89,200, of which 70,100




persons lived in incorporated places and 19,100 lived in unincorporated




places.  The Yakima supply is obtained mainly from surface sources by




rights to 10 cfs from the Naches River at Oak Flat and by contract with




the Bureau of Reclamation for 6,000 acre-feet of storage.  The supply




is obtained from infiltration galleries along the Naches River and




supplemented by five city wells during high-demand, low-flow periods.




An irrigation system and numerous privately owned industrial wells




augment the municipal system.  Other communities in this area utilize




ground water.  Food processing industries account for the area's major




industrial water use.  The 1960 municipal demand in the water service




area was about 19.9 MGD or 22,300 acre-feet.  The annual industrial demand




averaged 1.4 MGD, and ranged from an estimated monthly average low of




0.83 MGD in January to a maximum of 3.87 MGD in September.




          4.  Wapato-Toppenish Area




          The 1960 population of this area was 28,500, of which 10,100




were located in incorporated places and 18,400 were in unincorporated




places.  Water use for municipal and industrial purposes in 1960 was




about 4.8 MGD or 5,380 acre-feet, of which 4.4 MGD was for sugar




refining, meat packing, and other types of food processing.  The




maximum industrial demand occurs in September (8.7 MGD) and falls




to about 0.02 MGD in "off" seasons.

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                                                                 VII-4




          5.  Sunnyside-Grandview Area




          The 1960 population of this area was 23,100, of which 8,700




resided in incorporated places and 14,400 resided in unincorporated




places.  Ground water constitutes the main source of municipal and




industrial supply, and in 1960 about 4.9 MGD or 5,490 acre-feet was




used.  Industrial use was about 1.8 MGD, with maximum monthly use




occurring in October (2.7 MGD) and minimum use occurring in May (1.36 MGD),




          6.  Prosser-Benton City Area




          The 1960 population in this service area was 11,600, of which




5,300 lived in incorporated places and 6,300 lived in unincorporated




areas.  Food processing, as in many other areas, constitutes the major



industrial water use.  The municipal and domestic demand in 1960




averaged about 2.1 MGD or 2,350 acre-feet.  Industrial demands varied




from 2.25 MGD in November to 0.15 MGD in January, and averaged 0.9 MGD




for the year.  All supplies are obtained from ground water sources.






     B.  Forecast of Future Water Needs




     The projected municipal, domestic, and industrial needs by service




areas are summarized in TABLE VII-2. and are shown graphically for the




entire area in FIGURE VII-1.  Municipal and domestic water needs were




projected by applying per capita water usage data to the population




projections shown in TABLE VI-7 (Page VI-17).  The per capita figures




were derived from data on 196 communities in the Pacific Northwest in




which climate, size of community, availability of water, living




standards, and other factors were taken into account.  Values derived

-------
                                                                      VII-5
                                    TABLE VII-2
               PRESENT AND FUTURE MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL NEEDS
                   BY WATER SERVICE AREAS. YAKIMA RIVER BASIN
Water Service Area


1960:
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL 	

1985;
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL 	
2010:
Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnys ide-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL 	
Municipal-Domestic Needs
Ave. MGD


1.1
3.1
19.9
4.8
4.9
2.1
35.9
1.6
4.9
32.8
6.8
7.4
2Q

56.4

2.6
8.3
53.1
8.0
10.9
3.8
86.7
Annual Ac. -Ft.


1,235
3,480
22,400
5,390
5,500
2,360
40,365
1,795
5,500
36,800
7,630
8,300
3 260

63,285

2,920
9,310
59,600
8,980
12,250
4,260
97,320
Industrial Needs
Ave. MGD


0.1
0.4
1.4
4.4
1.8
0.9
9.0
0.2
0.8
2.8
8.8
3.6
1.7

17.9

0.4
1.6
5.6
17.6
7.2
3.3
35.7
Annual Ac-Ft.


112
449
1,570
4,940
2,020
1,010
10,101
224
898
3,140
9,880
4,040
2,020

20,202

448
1,796
6,280
19,760
8,080
4,040
40.404
                         Monthly Variation of Demand-%

                      Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May  June July Aug.  Sep.  Oct.  Nov.  Dec.
Municipal-Domestic
 Needs, All Areas      67   70   71   86   90  143  186  145   121    81    72    66
Industrial Needs
  Cle Elum-Roslyn
100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100
  Ellensburg-Kittitas  70   73   72
  Naches-Yakima-Moxee  59   61   71
  Wapato-Toppenish    178  178    5
  Sunnyside-Grandview  90   91   84
  Prosser-Benton City  16   32   23
                81  129  134
                64   60   74
                13   21   25
                80   76   96
                26   51   73
91   79  218  145   73  ' 70
79   88  276  216  164   65
13   26  198  195  178  178
94   98  109  151  135   85
89  152  194  195  250   21

-------
ISO-
ISO-
UJ
Q.
to
Z
o
100-
          MUNICIPAL


          INDUSTRIAL
 50-
     JFMAMJ J A SOND
                            J FMAMJ J ASOND
J F MAMJ JASOND
             960
                                     985
        2010
                                  WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
                                    BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
                                    YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON

                                   MUNICIPALaiNDUSTRIAL
                                       WATER DEMANDS
                              U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION,8 WELFARE
                                          Public Heolth Service
                               REGION IX
                                          (DATE:8/65t
                                                        PORTLAND,OREGON
                                                           FIGUREVII-I

-------
                                                                 VII-7




for this study area ranged from 250 gallons per capita per day (GPCD)




in 1960 to 280 GFCD by 1985 and 305 GFCD by 2010.  The figures were




applied directly to the projected populations for incorporated places




and to one-half of those projected for unincorporated places, since less




densely settled areas do not support an appreciable number of commercial,




institutional, or other users of this type.




          Industrial water needs were projected for each area by




combining demand data available on each plant.  While these figures




apply only to one particular season of operation, they provide a




reasonable base upon which to project future needs.  Because production




data were not available, projections were based on expected growth in




employment.




          Municipal and industrial water use in 1960 was approximately




45 MGD.  The potential demand for water for these purposes by years




1985 and 2010 is projected to be about 74 MGD and 122 MGD, respectively.




The industrial demand has been and is expected to continue to increase




at a slightly greater rate than the municipal demand.

-------
                      VIII.  WATER QUALITY CONTROL






     A.  Need for Control




          1.  General




          Surface waters, in addition to being used for municipal and




industrial supply, are used for irrigation, fish and game propagation,




stock watering, recreation, hydroelectric power, and disposal of




municipal and industrial waste.  Stream waters in lower basin areas




receive and at times consist almost entirely of return flows and




drainage water from irrigated lands.




          2.  Irrigation




          More water is used for irrigation in the basin than for any




other purpose.  The total area for which water is delivered is about




450,000 acres, and the cultivated area to which water is actually




applied is about 375,000 acres.  Diversion rates per acre average




about 6.5 acre-feet.  Water deliveries to farms average about 4.2




acre-feet per acre, and water actually applied averages about 3.5




acre-feet per acre.  FIGURE V-2 (Page V-2) shows the general location




of land areas irrigated at the present time.  The mineral quality of




water, according to agricultural standards, is suitable for irrigation,




including return flow that is reused for this purpose in lower portions




of the basin.




          3.  Municipal and Industrial Water Supply




          Water from surface sources in the study area serves about




47,000 persons and a number of food processing industries.  The chemical

-------
                                                                 VIII-2






quality of water for this use is generally within the limits of the




U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards (i.e., total




solids are less than 500 mg/1 and analyses indicate that toxic or




other mineral ions are not in excess of standards).  Maximum water




temperatures (75-plus degrees Fahrenheit) in the lower river below




Yakima are generally higher than would be desirable to municipal




and industrial use.




          4.  Fisheries




          Anadromous fish runs in the Yakima River and its tributaries




have historically been plagued by passage difficulties inherent in




the extensive system of dams, diversions, and canals existing in the




Yakima River Basin and by low flows resulting either from irrigation




diversions or filling of reservoirs.  The major problem is inadequate




flows to allow passage, spawning and rearing of salmonoid species.




          Species of anadromous fish utilizing the system include




spring and fall chinook salmon, silver salmon, sockeye salmon, and




steelhead.  Resident game fish include rainbow trout, cutthroat trout,




Dolly Varden, eastern brook trout, brown trout, Kokanee, mountain




whitefish, ling, black bass, and crappie.  The resident fish popula-




tions are augmented by average annual stocking of 390,000 catchable




rainbow trout and 465,000 cutthroat and eastern brook trout fingerlings




by Washington Department of Game.  Non-game fish in the system include




squawfish, suckers, carp, sculpins, shiners, dace, and other




miscellaneous fish.

-------
                                                               VIII-3

          Since about 1920, fishery groups have been actively engaged

in acquiring fish passage facilities at dams and diversions in the

system.  Rehabilitation studies by fishery agencies indicate that

the potential fishery, if restored, would have an annual value in

excess of 4 million dollars.  These values do not include benefits

that may accure from regulation of the Indian subsistence fishery, the

regulation of which is considered to be essential to the development

of the anadromous fishery in the basin.

          Annual reports of the Washington State Department of

Fisheries (1962-63) indicate that about 500 to 8,000 anadromous fish

per year pass over Roza Dam and that a similar number spawn in the

Naches River.  About 2,000 to 8,000 fish are taken annually by the

Yakima Indians with dip nets.  General recommendations by the fishery

agencies are that:

          (a)  Supplemental storage and existing projects
               within the Yakima Basin should be constructed
               and operated to maintain adequate flows for
               fish passage and propagation;

          (b)  Fish-protective and passage facilities should
               be constructed and maintained to assure full
               use of spawning and rearing areas in the
               Yakima Basin.

          (c)  Sports, commercial, and Indian subsistence
               fishing should be so regulated that it does
               not decrease escapement to spawning areas
               and thereby inhibit future runs.

          5.  Recreation and Riverside Uses

          Water-oriented recreation, aside from fishing, is not as extensive

in the lower basin as it is in the upper basin.  There is some unorganized

-------
                                                               VIII-4




swimming in the lower river and in irrigation canals.  Most waters in




the lower areas are not suitable for swimming due to high bacterial




content, murkiness of the water, and excessive aquatic growths.  In




upper basin reservoir areas, recreational activities are on the increase




and may be expected to reach major proportions.  Many homes and cottages




have been built on national forest lands adjacent to the upper Naches




River.  A few parks and picnic facilities have also been developed




along the upper reaches of both the Naches and Yakima Rivers.  Periodic




flooding and unstable banks, however, discourage bank-side uses in many




areas.






     B.  Municipal, Industrial, & Agricultural Pollution




          1.  Municipal




          Municipal and domestic raw waste production in the Yakima




River Basin is distributed approximately in direct proportion to the




populations of the six water-service areas shown in TABLE VI-7 (Page VI-17),




For purposes of computing flow requirements for quality control, the




sewage wastes produced by populations in incorporated places and by




one-half of the populations in unincorporated places were assumed to




be collected and treated prior to discharge to the Yakima River.  The




balance of wastes produced in unincorporated areas were assumed to be




treated in individual facilities, such as septic tanks, and would not,




therefore, be discharged directly to surface waters.  Other waste




constituents, such as those contained in storm overflow and urban




drainage, are not identified as such in the overall load determination




but are assumed to be included in the loading added for unincorporated




areas.

-------
                                                                VIII-5
          Monthly average waste production is relatively constant in
much of the area, except in the lower valley during summer months.
Production in July, August, and September is about 40 per cent greater
than that for other months in the area below the confluence of the
Naches and Yakima Rivers.  This was taken into account in projecting
future waste loads expected to be received in the lower river.
          Nearly all municipal wastes are subjected to secondary
treatment before disposal of the effluent.  The Federal Grant Program
of the U. S. Public Health Service has aided the construction of
improvements and enlargements to municipal waste treatment facilities
in the valley costing $2,779,248, with grant monies amounting to
$833,503 from 1957 to 1963.  The Cities of Cowiche, Grandview, Harrah,
Prosser, Sunnyside, Tieton, and Yakima were recipients.
          In projecting municipal waste loads for the area, secondary
waste treatment or its equivalent for 85 per cent BOD removal was
adopted.  This waste treatment requirement is considered reasonable
for the Yakima River Basin.  The Washington State Pollution Control
Commission also requires 85 per cent overall BOD reduction and
effluent chlorination of municipal wastes.
          The current and projected municipal waste loads for the six
service areas are presented in TABLE VIII-1.  Major municipal loading
points on the Yakima River occur from the Naches River to Prosser,
with the predominant load occurring in the Naches-Yakima-Moxee City
area.  Total municipal and industrial raw waste production is
illustrated in FIGURE VIII-1.

-------
                                                               VIII-6
                              TABLE VIII-1
                        MUNICIPAL WASTE LOADINGS
                     (1,000 Population Equivalents)
Area Served

Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee City
Wapato-Toppenish
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL (Rounded) 	

Raw Load
1960
4.1
12.4
124.2
33.5
33.4
14.3
222
1985
5.9
17.3
181.1
39.3
44.1
17.6
305
2010
8.4
24.0
266.7
45.6
58.5
20.8
424
Treated Load
1960
0.6
1.8
18.6
5.0
5.0
2.1
33
1985
0.9
2.6
27.2
5.9
6.6
2.6
46
(85%)
2010
1.3
3.6
40.0
6.8
8.8
3.1
64
          2.  Industrial

          Industrial wastes in the study area are those produced mainly

in the processing of foods and are highly variable in strength and

quantity.  Raw industrial waste production for 1960 by months for each

water-service area is shown in TABLE VIII-2.

          Future industrial waste projections were, for design purposes,

derived from economic projections detailed in Chapter VI.  Based on

1960 wastes, the projected wastes are expected to double by 1985 and

to quadruple by the year 2010.  (See FIGURE VIII-1)

          Much of the industrial waste in the valley is controlled by

spray irrigation and non-overflow lagoons, which allow little direct

discharge of waste to the streams.  Because relatively high treatment

efficiencies can be attained and because the Washington State Pollution

Control Commission is pressing for high removals of the industrial

wastes from the streams, it is reasonable to expect that future

efficiencies will be in excess of 85 per cent BOD removal.

-------
  2500
_

O 2000
c/)
   1500
o
u
z
O
CL
o
Q.
   1000
   500
                INDUSTRIAL

                MUNICIPAL
        JFMAMJ JASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJ JASOND
               I960
                                   1985
2010
                                    WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY

                                     BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT

                                     YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON

                                     MUNICIPAL&INDUSTRIAL

                                     RAW WASTE PRODUCTION
                                U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION.SWELFARE
                                            Public Health Service
                                 REGION IX
                                           (DATE:8/65)
                                                        PORTLAND, OREGON
                                                           FIGURE Vlll-l

-------
                                                                                   WOT
                   71: '
                                             TABLE VIII-2
                                 INDUSTRIAL RAW WASTE PRODUCTION, 1960±'
                                    (1,000 Population Equivalents)
I/
Month

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
AVERAGE
Total

287
283
183
118
93
178
391
461
627
522
298
298
312
Cle Elum-
Roslyn

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Ellensburg-
Kittitas

25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
26.5
25.5
48.5
48.5
25.5
25.5
26.0
26.0
29.5
Naches-Yakima-
Moxee City

59.0
59.0
59.0
54.0
26.0
34.0
154.0
224.0
304.0
264.0
59.0
59.0
112.9
Wapato-
Toppenish

171.0
166.0
66.0
21.0
21.0
66.0
106.0
106.0
156.0
181.0
181.0
181.0
118.5
Sunny side-
Grandview

30.0
30.0
30.0
15.0
17.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
134.0
50.0
30.0
30.0
47.2
Prosser-
Benton City

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.5













M
M
00
I/ Based on inventory in files of USPHS, Portland, Oregon, obtained
   with cooperation of Washington State Pollution Control Commission.

-------
                                                               VIII-9




          3.  Agricultural




          Agricultural wastes are a potential source of BOD and other




constituents which often are not conducive to evaluation.  It is




shown in Chapter VI that cattle, hog, and poultry raising are expected




to increase substantially.  Over 200,000 cattle, 25,000 hogs, and




330,000 chickens were in the valley in 1959.  This represents potential




waste production in the study area of about 1,200,000; 50,000; and




50,000 FE, respectively, or a total of 1,300,000 FE.  An estimated




5 per cent (or 65,000 PE) of this agricultural waste reaches the




waterway.  The Washington State Pollution Control Commission is aware




of the problem and is, at present, requiring that al] feed lots move




from stream areas where disposal may be made to land.  Dairies, hog




sheds, and poultry houses are also required to provide improved




disposal techniques.




          Return flow from irrigation is a source of quality degrada-




tion in the valley that cannot be overlooked.  Studies on return flow




show that significant BOD concentrations occur in return drains.  An




average value of 3 mg/1 for all return water was selected for flow




regulation study purposes.  Nutrients are higher in return flows than




in the river, and are suspected of promoting excessive nuisance aquatic




growths.  Pesticides and other agricultural chemicals have been found




in return drains.  Sufficient data on which to evaluate deleterious




effects of pesticides, however, are not available.

-------
                                                                VIII-10






     C.  Water Quality Criteria




     The quality of stream waters are described in terms of temperature,



turbidity, chemical constituents, bacteriological quality, DO-BOD




relationships, and others.  Hie significance of several of these




indicators of water quality were discussed in Chapter V.



     Fishery agency proposals are for re-establishment of an anadromous




fishery and objectives for quality control are aimed toward this use.




Spawning areas in the river system are located mainly upstream from




the mouth of the Naches River.  A minimum DO level of 7 mg/1 is




required for rearing and spawning and 5 mg/1 for fish passage.  Flow




regulation for control of DO at or greater than 5 mg/1 in the lower



river, or critical zone where major wastes and return flows are




received, would be expected to provide adequate quality for spawning




and rearing in upper watershed areas.  Control at this level would




also provide adequate quality for recreation and for protection of the




aesthetic attractiveness of the river.  For purposes of this study,




therefore, a minimum objective of at least 5 mg/1 DO in the lower




reaches of the Yakima River has been adopted as the governing criteria.






     D.  Flow Regulation



     Regulation necessary to achieve the above stated quality




objectives is based on stream flows required to dilute and assimilate




present and projected organic waste loads.  TABLE VII1-3 shows the




waste loads used in flow regulation computations.

-------
                                                              VIII-11
                              TABLE VIII-3
                       MAXIMUM MONTHLY WASTE LOADS
                      (1.000 Population Equivalents)
Area Served

Cle Elum-Roslyn
Ellensburg-Kittitas
Naches-Yakima-Moxee City
Wapato-Toppeni sh
Sunnyside-Grandview
Prosser-Benton City
TOTAL (Rounded) 	

Raw Load
1960
5.1
37.9
411
187
167
21
829
1985
7.9
68.3
763
348.
312
31
1530
2010
11.4
126.0
1483
666
594
49
2929
Treated Load
1960
0.8
5.7
61.6
28.1
25.0
3.2
124
1985
1.2
10.2
114.5
52.2
47.1
4.7
230
(85%)
2010
1.7
18.9
222.5
99.9
89.1
7.4
440
          The "Federal Water Pollution Control Act, (33 U.S.C. 466b

(b)),"  provides that the inclusion of storage for regulation of stream

flow for water quality control shall not be provided as a substitute for

adequate treatment or other means of controlling waste at the source.

Adequate treatment is considered by the Public Health Service to mean

effective waste collection and secondary treatment for domestic wastes

and equivalent reduction of industrial waste loads by a combination of

process control, internal waste saving, water reuse, and effluent

treatment.  At the present time, efficiently operated trickling

filter plants, widely used in intermediate sized communities, are

considered capable of 80 to 90 per cent BOD removal, while the activated

sludge process is considered capable of 85 to 95 per cent removal.

Considering the effect of diurnal fluctuations in waste loads, problems

of efficient operation to maintain such high removals, experience with

the lags in plant construction to provide for growth in waste loads,

-------
                                                               VIII-12

and urban storm water and/or combined sewer overflows, it is considered

reasonable to expect the equivalent of 85 per cent removal of BOD in

well operated collection systems and treatment plants at this time.

     In this study area, where the largest waste loads are from the

food processing industry and where land disposal of waste is practiced,

it is believed that a BOD reduction of 85 per cent, with respect to

the stream, is feasible for the future and has, therefore, been used

for design purposes in this report.  Although higher treatment

efficiencies may be attainable, allowances must be made for unavoidable

contingencies such as the overloading, bypassing, or breakdown of

treatment plant facilities.

     Problems of efficient operation lags in plant construction, storm

water runoff, and other difficulties experienced in the treatment of

waste waters must also be recognized.  Furthermore, by the end of the

50-year study period, population pressures and land-use may preclude

the employment of present-day, high-efficiency industrial waste

treatment methods.  These considerations dictate a design efficiency

of 85 per cent BOD removal.

     Stream flows required to maintain the objective under 1960, 1985,

and 2010 conditions were computed by means of a technique for balancing

the oxygen supply with oxygen consumed in the stream.  Computations

were made by use of an "oxygen-sag" computer program, which was

originally designed for the Willamette River in Oregon.   The

*Worley, John Larry - "A System Analysis Method for Water Quality
 Management by Flow Augmentation in a Complex River Basin",
 Master's Thesis, Oregon State University, Published by USDHEW, PHS,
 Portland, Oregon, June, 1963.

-------
                                                              VIII-13


deoxygenation values were established by use of a long-term BOD analyses


performed at the Portland U. S. Public Health Service laboratory, and


reoxygenation coefficients  (k~) were determined by use of O1 Conner's


equation for isotropic flows:
                                           3/2
                                    2.31 H  '


where "D " is the diffusion coefficient, "U" is the velocity, and
        L

"H" is the stream depth.


     The results illustrated in FIGURE VIII-2 show that through the


year 1985 sufficient stream flow on a one-in-ten year low-flow


recurrence basis is available to assimilate organic waste loadings


and still maintain a minimum DO concentration of 5 mg/1 in the lower


reaches of the river.  With loadings expected by the year 2010, how-


ever, the objective would not be met.  Flows shown in FIGURE VIII-3


were computed only to depict effects at varying levels of loading and


quality.  By the year 2010, a total average flow of 280 cfs will be


required in the lower river to maintain DO at 5 mg/1 during the months


of July through October.


     TABLE VIII-4 outlines an approximate schedule of monthly releases


required to maintain quality for fish passage below Sunnyside Diversion


Dam on a one-in-ten year low-flow recurrence basis.  For design


purposes, it was assumed that a base flow of 90 cfs (l-in-10 low flow


for Sept.) would be available throughout the critical summer months.

-------



















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-------
      3000-
      2000-
      1000-
                                                         75%B.O.D.
                                                         Removal
                                                        85%B.O.D.
                                                         Removal
                                1985
                                                       ,/75%B.O.D.
                                                         Removal
                                                         95%B.O.D.
                                                         Removal
                                                         85%B.O.D.
                                                         Removal
                     2010
Note:
     Flow Required for Minimum
     Dissolved Oxygen of 5 and
     7 mg/1 in Yakima River.
WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
  BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
  YAKIMA RIVER BASIN.WASHINGTON

ADDITIONAL FLOW REQUIRED
  FOR QUALITY CONTROL
                             US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION,8WELFARE
                                         Public Health Service
                              REGION IX
                                        (DATE 8/65)
                                                     PORTLAND, OREGON
                                                        FIGURE VIII-3

-------
                                                               VIII-16
                              TABLE VIII-4                        .
       REQUIRED STREAM FLOW REGIMEN FOR QUALITY CONTROL PURPOSES-
                      PARKER TO PROSSER - YEAR 2010
	YAKIMA RIVER BASIN. WASHINGTON	

                       Required                     _/     Estimated
                      Stream Flow   Draft-on-Storaee—   Release Schedule
                          cfs          acre-feet          cfs      MGD

January                   116                0              00
February                  116                0              00
March                     116                0              00
April                     112                0              00
May                        85                0              00
June                       92                0              00
July                      204            9,200            150      100
August                    268           12,100            200      125
September                 340           15,300            260      165
October                   303           13,400            220      140
November                  116                0              00
December                  116          	0           	0     	0

Annual Average	   165                              69       44
Total Annual	50,000
\J  Based on adequate treatment of organic wastes discharged to stream.

2/  This is the additional quantity needed downstream from Parker and
    does not include storage and transmission losses.

-------
                                                              VIII-17




As indicated in TABLE VIII-4 there will be a need by the end of the




study period for an annual draft-on-storage of about 50,000 acre-feet.




This need is expected to begin about the year 1995.



     Reservoir releases whould be scheduled to meet the water quality




objectives set forth in this report.  The estimated release schedule



presented in TABLE VIII-4 is provided as an indication of the possible




release pattern from the proposed reservoir to meet the total stream




flow, required below Parker.  Because reservoir releases for quality




control must vary with waste discharges, stream quality, flow,




temperature, reservoir quality, etc., at the time of release, this




suggested schedule may require adjustment in the future.

-------
                              IX.  BENEFITS






     Benefits can be assigned to releases from storage for regulation




of stream flow for water quality control only after a reasonable




degree of treatment or control of waste at the source is provided.




In this instance, adequate waste control at the source, or 85 per




cent BOD reduction with respect to the stream, would not by itself




meet the quality goals discussed in Chapter VIII for lower Yakima




River.  Water quality goals can, however, be met by providing flow




regulation in addition to adequate treatment.




     Storage releases for control of water quality are needed in the




Yakima River to protect fish and wildlife, maintain recreational




opportunities, safeguard public health, and preserve the aesthetic




attractiveness of stream waters.  The precise value of benefits




assignable to releases necessary to serve these uses or to prevent




damage to these uses, however, is not readily measurable.  Many




benefits such as those resulting from maintenance of the aquatic




habitat, temperature reduction, decreased concentration of suspended




and dissolved solids, increased land values along the stream, and




general protection of aesthetic values are particularly difficult to




completely assess in monetary terms.




     Increased commercial and sport fishing is the most notable




potential benefit to be derived from water quality control.  Estimates




have bean made of the increased fishing effort that may be realized if




fish facilities and stream flows are improved and adequate water

-------
                                                                  IX-2




quality is maintained.  For example, the annual sports catch of




anadromous fish (spring and fall chinook, coho, and steelhead trout)




has averaged some 700,000 angler-days, and the annual resident game




fish effort in the Yakima River Basin, as a whole, is estimated to




be 135,000 angler-days.  The value of the potential fishery is



estimated to be in excess of 4 million dollars annually.




     Recreational opportunities throughout 20 to 30 miles of the




river below the Yakima Metropolitan Area would be directly influenced,




and a potential population of 300,000 persons would in some way be




affected by maintenance of water quality.




     Because multiple values would be realized through control of




water quality by flow regulation, the composite value of benefits



assignable to storage for this purpose is considered at least equal to



the cost of the most reasonable alternative means of providing the same




level of water quality in the absence of the project.




     Since the results achieved by flow regulation relate primarily




to control of waste effluents originating from numerous municipal and




industrial sources and to the dilution and/or assimilation of residual




materials contained in urban and rural land runoff, the only reasonable




or known equivalent alternative means of achieving similar results is




by releases of water from a single-purpose storage facility.  Alterna-




tives such as disposal of waste effluents underground, transportation




of wastes downstream, transportation of wastes out of the basin,




waste-holding lagoons, or other such means of handling the collectible



portion of wastes in the basin would neither be feasible nor would



these alternatives produce similar results.

-------
                                                                  IX-3

     The cost of a single-purpose reservoir constructed at one of the

sites currently being considered for potential development in Yakima

River Basin was used as a measure of the minimum value of storage in

Bumping Lake Reservoir for water quality control.  In establishing

this value, three sets of cost data were examined.  These were:


          (1)  The average cost of storage construction in
               the Pacific Northwest;

          (2)  The cost to enlarge Bumping Lake from 33,700
               acre-feet to the required capacity; and

          (3) . The cost to develop storage on Little Naches
               River.

Costs in each of the above cases were very similar; however, single-

purpose development on the Little Naches River was found to be the

least costly.

     Based on this alternative, the minimum value of the benefit

assignable to an annual draft-on-storage of 50,000 acre-feet in the

proposed project with first need beginning in 1995 (assumed project

completion in 1975), interest at 3.125 per cent on a 100-year basis,

and operation and maintenance expenses of $13,000 annually is estimated

to be $150,000 or $3.00 per acre-foot.

     In planning for additional water resource development in Yakima

River Basin, consideration should be given to preserving the excellent

quality of water in upper basin regions and to maintaining sufficient

quality in the lower river to permit passage of anadromous fish species

to and from spawning areas.  Maintenance of water quality for fish

-------
                                                                  IX-4


passage would assure continued multiple use of the lower river and its


accomplishment would necessitate continued updating of waste treatment


facilities, in addition to reserving at least 50,000 acre-feet of


storage for future release to the lower river.


     Storage for quality control in Bumping Lake Enlargement Project


would provide protection of future water quality in the Yakima River


and downstream reaches of the Columbia River.  The adverse effect of


organic wastes remaining even after adequate treatment, as measured


in terms of DO demand on the stream, can be reduced to acceptable


levels with relatively little additional stream flow.  The concen-


trations of soluble nutrients resulting from irrigation, and from


domestic and other wastes, which are not significantly reduced by


available treatment methods, can be reduced by dilution.


     Controlled water quality will have an important impact on the


area for which flow regulation would be provided.  The Yakima River


flows through many communities and valuable farm lands and is a


focal point to travelers passing through the valley.  The beauty of
                                           j

the valley, its fisheries, recreation, and other existing potential


water-oriented activities are an important asset to the region.


     The benefits derived from water quality maintenance in the


Yakima River Basin are both tangible and intangible and are wide-


spread both in area and types of beneficiaries.

-------
                             X.  BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter I

     1.  H. T. Nelson, Regional Director, Region I,  Letter of Initiation.
         dated June 20, 1962, Bureau of Reclamation, Boise, Idaho.

Chapters III & IV

     2.  Gerald A. Waring, Geology and Water Resources of a Portion of
         South Central Washington. USGS Water Supply Paper 316, 1913.

     3.  USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Boise, Idaho,
         Yakima River Erosion Surveys. 1946.

     4.  USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Region I, Boise Idaho,
         Yakima Project. Washington, Supplemental Storage; May, 1956.

     5.  Yakima Indian Reservation, Mabton Project, Satus  4  -  Satus Flood
         Control and Irrigation Project; May, 1956.

     6.  Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington, Report on  Yakima River
         and Tributaries, Washington; September, 1956.

     7.  USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Region I, Boise, Idaho,
         Yakima Project, Washington, Kennewick Division Extension,
         May, 1959 (and revision June, 1962).

     8.  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Portland Area Office, Toppenish-
         Simcoe Project, Review Report, Portland, Oregon,  July, 1964.

     9.  USDI, Bureau of Reclamation, Boise, Idaho, Yakima Project,
         Washington, Prosser Division, 1954.

Chapter V

    10.  USGS, Surface Water Records of Washington. 1908-1962.

    11.  H. B. Kinnison, Evaluation of 'Stream Flow  Records in  Yakima
         River Basin. Washington, Geological Survey Circular 180, 1952.

    12.  H. B. Kinnison and J. E. Sceva, Effects of Hydraulic  and
         Geologic Factors on Stream Flow of the Yakima River Basin,
         Washington. USGS Water Supply Paper 1595,  1963.

    13.  W. Van Winkle, Quality of the Surface Waters of Washington,
         USGS, Water Supply Paper 339, 1914.

-------
                                                                X-2

14.  Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee,  Inventory of  Published
     and Unpublished Sediment-Load Data and  Chemical Analyses of
     Surface Waters in the Pacific Northwest.  1951; May,  1952.

15.  R. 0. Sylvester, Water Quality Studies  in the Columbia River
     Basin, Special Scientific Report, Fisheries No. 239, May,  1958.

16.  USDHEW, PHS, Region IX, Portland, Oregon, Return Irrigation Water.
     Characteristics and Effects, May, 1960.

17.  Washington Pollution Control Commission, Quality of  Surface
     Waters, June 1959-July 1960, 1961.

18.  Frederick W. Poe, M. S. Thesis, Irrigation Return Flows and
     Water Quality in the Yakima River Basin, University  of
     Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1961.

19.  R. 0. Sylvester, A Study on the Character and Significance of
     Irrigation Return Flows in the Yakima River Basin, University
     of Washington, February, 1962.

20.  Washington Pollution Control Commission and Public Health Service,
     A Study of Aerial Spraying for Spruce Budworm Control on Stream
     Biota. June, 1962.

21.  James P. Behlke, Washington Pollution Control Commission,
     Preliminary Studies of Water Temperature in the Lower Yakima
     River, 1956.

22.  State College of Washington, Pullman, Washington, Surface and
     Sub-Surface Waters of the Yakima and Klamath Reclamation
     Projects. 1928.

23.  USGS, Ground Water Levels in the United States. 1956-60.
     Northwestern States, Water Supply Paper 1760.

           Ibid - 1949    WSP  1160
                  1945    WSP  1027
                  1943    WSP   990
                  1942    WSP   948
                  1940    WSP   910

24.  Division of Water Resources, Olympia, Washington, Flowing
     Artesian Wells in Washington State, Water Supply Bulletin No. 16,
     1961.

25.  Bruce L. Foxworthy, Geology and Ground Water Resources of the
     Ahtanum Valley, Yakima County, Washington, Geological Survey
     Water Supply Paper 1598, 1962.

-------
                                                                    X-3

    26.  G. L. McGuiness, Role of Ground Water in National Water
         Situation. Water Supply Paper No. 1800, USGS, 1963.

    27.  M. J. Mundorff, Availability of Ground Water to Supplement
         Surface Water Irrigation Supplies in the Yakima River Basin,
         Open File Report USGS, Water Resources Division, Tacoma, Washington.

    28.  L. V. Wilcox and Carl E. Nelson, The Ground Water and Salt
         Balance Conditions of the Sunnyside Valley Irrigation District
         for the Period March 1 to October 31. 1944. USDA, Rubidoux
         Laboratory, Riverside, California, 1945.

    29.  USGS Water Resources Division, Tacoma, Washington, Ground Water
         in Washington;  Its Chemical and Physical Quality, (In press by
         State of Washington).

Chapter VI and VII

    30.  Pacific Power and Light Company, Industrial Sites. Yakima
         County. Washington. August, 1962.

    31.  Washington Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, 348 Federal
         Office Building, Seattle, Washington 98104, Yakima County
         Agriculture. Washington, County Agricultural Data Series, 1964.

    32.  0. W. Lindgren, Water Supply Study, Rattlesnake Watershed,
         (Report prepared for City of Yakima), 1960.

    33.  City of Ellensburg, Annual Report, 1961.

    34.  City of Sunnyside, Fourteenth Annual Report, 1961.

    35.  Gray and Osborne, Consulting Engineers, Yakima, Washington,
         An Engineering Report on Water Facilities for the City of
         Yakima.Washington. September, 1963.

Chapter VIII

    36.  Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland. Oregon, Preliminary
         Evaluation Report on Fish and Wildlife Resourcing. Ro2a Division.
         Yakima Irrigation Project, Yakima River, Washington. Sept.,1951.

    37.  Washington State Department of Fisheries, Yakima Rehabilitation
         Program. January, 1956 (Revised December, 1962).

    38.  Washington State Department of Health, First Report Stream
         Pollution Studies. Yakima River Valley. 1936.

-------
                                                                X-4

39.  Washington Pollution Control Commission, An Investigation of
     Pollution in the Yakima River Basin, Technical Bulletin No. 9,
     Summer 1951.

40.  Washington Pollution Control Commission, A Comprehensive
     Pollution Control Program for the Yakima River Basin,
     Basin No. 25. 1952.

41.  Cornell, Rowland, Hayes, fie Merryfield, An Engineering Study of
     Waste Treatment and Infiltration for the City of Yakima,
     Washington, February, 1963.

42.  Cornell, Rowland, Hayes, & Merryfield, An Investigation of
     Industrial Waste Treatment Facilities for the Prosser
     Industrial Tract. Port of Benton Commission, Benton County,
     Washington, 1964.

-------
     APPENDIX A




WATER QUANTITY DATA

-------
APPENDIX A
                                               A-l
                                    TABLE 1
              FLOW DATA FOR THE YAKIMA RIVER NEAR PARKER, 1941-62
                                     (cfs)


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

20
21
22


Water
Year
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
1944

1943
1942
1941
MEAN
MEDIAN
Annual
Mean
1,499
2,790
2,870
2,912
1,655
2,555
5,118
1,851
2,775
1,574
1,324
4,159
3,607
2,971
3,263
2,386
2,216
955
655

2,466
903
744
2,329
2,426
Minimum
Month
277
274
297
275
247
283
278
410
718
224
207
191
652
360
304
190
197
178
157

178
179
107
281
260
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
July
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
July
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
July
Aug.

Sept.
Sept.
July


Minimum 7 Days
99.
80.
166.
110.
163.
160.
130.
255.
145.
128.
74.
97.
652.
185.
182.
183.

88.
166.

95.
61.
41.
153
129
8
7
7
9
3
3
4
7
6
9
9
1
1
1
9
4
_
0
4

9
7
6


Oct.
Sep.
Sep.
Oct.
July
Aug.
Sep.
Sep.
Sep.
Oct.
May
Sep.
July
Oct.
Aug.
Aug.
. _
Oct.
Sep.

Oct.
Apr.
Apr.


5-11
7-13
8-14
2-8
9-15
14-20
16-22
21-27
3-9
5-11
2-8
14-20
30-Aug.5
12-18
9-15
10-16

10-16
18-24

14-20
26-May 2
17-23


Minimum Day
14.5
53
74
38
49
53
92
204
71
54
38
52
265
58
72
61
.
63
44

34
33
20
70
54
Oct.
Sep.
Sep.
Oct.
July
Aug.
Sep.
Apr.
Sep.
Oct.
May
Sep.
July
Oct.
Aug.
Aug.
. .
Oct.
Apr.
Sep.
Oct.
Apr.
Apr.


7
10
12
3
10
16
17
29
5
6
3
19
15
17
13
15

16
18 &
19
18
29
18


Data Source:  U. S. Geological Survey
    Drainage Area:
    Average Discharge;
    Period of Record:
      Maximum Day:
      Minimum Day:
3,650 square miles.
2,329 cfs = 1,687,000 acre-feet per year.
1908-1963.
65,000 cfs
Less than 10 cfs (most years prior to 1936).

-------
APPENDIX A
                                                 A-2
                                     TABLE 2
                FLOW DATA FOR  THE YAKIMA RIVER AT KIONA,  1941-62
                                      (cfs)


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Water
Year
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
MEAN
MEDIAN
Annual
Mean
2,752
4,217
4,020
4,307
2,957
3,864
7,055
3,068
4,269
3,030
2,775
5,801
4,993
4,313
4,820
3,762
3,442
2,021
1,642
3,796
2,013
1,843
3,671
3,779
rlminium
Month
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
375
216
224
415
225
418
235
809
162
678
899
722
911
785
866
520
541
389
394
487
435
318
637
503
July
July
July
July
July
July
Sept.
Aug.
Nov.
Dec.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
July
Sept.
Aug.
Aug.
July
July
Sept.
Aug.
Aug.


Minimum 7 Days
1,190
1,004
1,111
1,160
1,050
1,286
1,793
1,483
1,763
1,330
1,650
1,621
1,560
900
1,669
1,377
.
1,220
791
1,389
1,141
857
1,302
1,286
July
July
July
July
July
June
Aug.
Apr.
Oct.
Apr.
July
July
Jan.
Feb.
Aug.
Aug.
- .
July
Apr.
Sep.
Apr.
Apr.


13-19
18-24
18-24
15-21
12-18
20-26
12-18
16-22
10-16
12-18
14-20
14-20
13-19
4- 14 (Ice)
10-16
11-17

4-14
17-23
9-15
28-May 4
25-May 1


Minimum Day
1,030
860
959
1,050
914
1,060
1,760
1,180
1,650
1,240
1,390
1,550
1,550
900
1,550
1,360
_
1,180
730
1,360
1,060
840
1,194
1,180
July
July
July
July
July
June
Aug.
Apr.
Oct.
Apr.
July
July
Jan.
Feb.
Aug.
July
- _
July
Apr.
Sep.
Apr.
May
Apr.


14
22
23
17
14
21
16
20
16
17
17
19
14-18
4
15
11

8
20
9
30 &
1
26-27


DATA SOURCE:  U. S. Geological Survey
  Drainage Area-
  Average Discharge -
  Period of Record  -
    Maximum Day     —
    Minimum Day
5,600 square miles (approximately).
3,671 cfs = 2,660,000 acre-feet per year.
1896-1915 and 1933-1963
67,000 cfs
105 cfs (Sept.,1906).

-------
APPENDIX A
                  A-3
                                    TABLE 3
                          MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS WITH
                     ONCE-IN-TWO YEAR RECURRENCE FREQUENCY
                    	(cfs)	
           Month
Parker
Kiona
         January	2,130
         February	2,220
         March	2,560
         April	2,940
         May	4,730
         June	4,100
         July	    365
         August	    335
         September	    270
         October	    950
         November	1,740
         December	2,250
         Mean	2,050
           3,290
                                    TABLE 4
                          MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS WITH
                    ONCE-IN-FIVE YEAR RECURRENCE FREQUENCY
                    	(cfs)	
           Month
Parker
Kiona
         January 	   1,060      2,000
         February	1,070      2,250
         March	1,330      2,440
         April	1,500      3,000
         May	2,430      3,950
         June	2,100      3,800
         July	     187      1,100
         August	     173      1,050
         September	     140      1,250
         October	     485      1,570
         November	     900      1,760
         December	1.170      2,120

         Mean	:  .   1,045      2,190

-------
APPENDIX A
                                                        A-4
                                    TABLE 5
                          MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS WITH
                     ONCE-IN-TEN YEAR RECURRENCE FREQUENCY
                                     (cfs)
Month

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Cle Elum

506
440
429
1,111
2,068
2,156
1,892
1,892
1,342
484
341
550
Umtanum Union Gap—' Parker

896
768
1,168
2,208
3,200
2,896
2,064
2,224
1,584
800
608
784

2,000
2,190
1,910
3,850
6,170
5,300
3,270
3,030
2,390
1,450
1,370
1,280

680
725
840
953
1,550
1,340
120
110
90
316
575
740
Granger—' Kiona

922
1,024
1,126
1,336
1,968
1,795
327
313
332
571
799
990

1,550
1,790
1,860
2,320
3,040
2,960
855
830
960
1,220
1,370
1,630
   Mean
1,100
1,600
3,000
                                                  680
   \J  Data computed from other stations.
1,700

-------
    APPENDIX B




WATER QUALITY DATA

-------
APPENDIX B                                                             B-l

                                    TABLE 1
                             SURFACE WATER QUALITY
	YAKIMA RIVER BASIN. WASHINGTON	

Location & Date           Time   Temperature   Dissolved Oxygen   5-Day BOD
	(°C)	(tng/1)	(me/1)

Yakima River @ Selah:

   9/20/61                0925      14.5             9.3            0.8
   2/28/62                1215       0.5            13.8            0.9
   8/14/62                0325      15.2             8.1            1.5
   8/14/62                0947      16.5             9.7            4.6
   8/14/62                2135      17.4             9.3            3.1
   9/25/62                0015      15.9             8.9            1.5
   9/25/62                0415      13.5             8.7            0.9
   9/25/62                0805      14.5             9.2            1.2
   9/25/62                1200      17.7            10.4            1.5
   9/25/62                1600      22.7             8.2            3.0
   9/25/62                2000      19.2             8.4            5.7

Yakima River @ Granger:

   9/20/61                1125      18.1             9.6            2.6
   8/15/62                0445      17.5             6.0            1.8
   8/15/62                1035      19.7             8.6            1.5
   8/15/62                1645      22.5            10.5            2.5
   8/15/62                2235      20.5             7.4            1.8
   8/16/62                0045      19.0             6.5            2.2
   8/16/62                0725      18.1             8.4            5.U
   8/16/62                1445      21.0             9.8            7.2
   8/16/62                1855      22.3             9.6            1.4
   9/26/62                0045      16.8             7.0            1.0
   9/26/62                0455      15.3             6.2            1.2
   9/26/62                0850      15.6             7.0            0.9
   9/26/62                1235      20.0            10.4            3.5
   9/26/62                1650      19.8            11.4            2.2
   9/26/62                2030      19.1             8.6            3.4

Yakima River @ Prosser:

   9/21/61                1000      16.0             9.2            1.2
   8/15/62                0550      21.2             9.1            1.6
   8/15/62                1125      22.2             8.8            1.9
   8/15/62                1620      22.8             9.0            1.9
   8/15/62                2130      21.7             9.3            3.4
   9/26/62                0255      17.3             9.7      -      1.3
SOURCE:  Joint survey by USPHS and Washington Pollution Control Commission.

-------
APPENDIX B
                                   B-2
                                TABLE  2

                  YAKIMA RIVER. September 18-19, 1962
      Location
  Total
Conforms
  Fecal
Coliforms
Roza	     6,900          760
Selah Gap	     3,300          520
Naches 	     3,500          340
Union Gap	    40,000        4,300
Granger  	    30,000        3,800
Marion Drain 	     5,200        1,600
Mabton 	     6,700        3,100
Sunnyside Canal  	     6,900        1,800
Prosser  	     1,900          290
Kiona	     5,700          350


                  YAKIMA RIVER. September 25-26. 1962

Roza	     1,900          220
Selah Gap	     1,800        1,100
Selah Drain	        20          <10
Naches 	     2,100          310
Union Gap	    10,500        4,800
Granger  	    60,000        —
Granger Drain  	    30,000
Marion Drain 	     2,800        	
Mabton 	    25,000        	
Sunnyside Canal  	     2,600          450
Prosser  	     6,500        	
Kiona	    13,000
Moxee Drain	    40,000        3,400
Ahtanum Creek	     5,700          260
Wide Hollow Creek  	   120,000       44,000
Sulfur Creek 	   120,000
Satus Creek  	    30,000        —
Toppenish Creek  	     1,200        	
McDonald Drain 	    40,000        	
East Toppenish Drain 	    50,000
   Fecal
Streptococci

      530
       92
      188
   17,000
      126
      460
      960
      230
       88
       52
                                470
                                250
                                 28
                                100
                              7,700
                                190
                              2,900
                                690
                                460
                                 68
                                 28
                                 72
                              1,800
                                360
                              6,300
                              5,800
                                580
                                280
                              1,900
                                580

-------
APPENDIX B
                       TABLE 3
      YAKIMA RIVER PLANKTON, NUMBERS PER LITER
               September 25-26, 1962
      Organisms (Common)
Yakima R. @
 Selah Gap
Diatoms
  Navicula 	    270,000
  Synedra  	    130,000
  Diatoma  	     62,000
  Cymbella 	     14,000
  Cocconeis  	     32,000
  Cyclotella 	     10,000
  Gomphonema 	     40,000
  Melosira	      6,000
  Achnanthes	      8,500
  Amphora	      5,000
  Rhoicosphenia  	     10,000
  Meridion	      2,500
  Fragilaria	      3,400
  Other Diatoms	     66,000
Blue-Green Algae
  Oscillatoria 	      5,100
  Anabaena	      1,300
Green Algae
  Scenedesmus	        858
  Other Greens 	     52,000
Desmids
  Desmidium	      ——
  Other Desmids	         66
Protozoa
  All Protozoa	         33
Slimes
  Sphaerotilus & Assoc.Slimes.         22
Flagellates
  Dinobryon	      7,700
  Other Flagellates	        439
  TOTALS                          726,908
Yakima R. @
 Union Gap
               199,000
               100,000
                72,000
                26,000
                48,000
                20,000
                18,000
                24,000
                38,000
                18,000
                 8,000
                 1,700
                 1,300
                 5,500

                 1,700
                   429
                11,000

                 1,300
                    11

                 2,100

                34,000

                   429
Naches R. @
  MouTh #2
               140,000
               102,000
                32,000
                50,000
                28,000
                 6,400
                15,000
                26,000
                 7,200
                48,000
                 7,700
                17,000
                 5,100
                50,000

                   429
                   429

                   858
                 3,000

                 2,500
                 1,700
Yakima R. @
  Kiona #4
               157,000
               177,000
                55,000
                 1,600
                95,000
                61,000
                 4,700
                 1,600

                 4,700
                55,000

                 1,600
                12,000
                 1,600

                51,000
                 3,100

                 6,300
               630,469
               543,316
                              2,700
               690,900
Yakima R. @
 Mabton #5
               390,000
               320,000
                48,000
                20,000
                34,000
                32,000
                16,000
                12,000
                12,000
                 3,000
                18,000
                 2,100
                 5,000
                 4,800

                10,000
                 2,500

                19,000
                15,000
                              3,000
Yakima R. @
Granger #6
               560,000
               640,000
               160,000
                25,000
               130,000
                17,000
                28,000
                12,000
                17,000
                 8,500
                 7,200
                 7,700
                 5,500
                 3,400

                 3,400
                 1,300

                20,000
                31,000

                 8,100
                 1,300

                    44
               966,400    1,686,444

-------
APPENDIX B
                 B-4
                                        4a
                               STATION NO.  1
                           Donald-Wapato  Bridge
           Water and Air Temperatures  in  Degrees  of Fahrenheit
                  August
September
1955
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Water Temp,
Max,
65
62
61
62
64
64
64
62
62
63
62
62
58
59
59
59
60
60
61
60
58
59
58
57
56
56
57
57
57
57
57
Min,
57
56
53
53
55
56
56
55
53
53
55
53
51
51
51
52
52
52
53
53
50
51
50
49
48
48
48
49
49
50
49
Avg.
61
59
57
57
59
60
60
58
57
58
58
58
54
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
54
55
54
52
52
53
52
53
53
53
53
Air Temp.
Max.
84
79
80
86
90
95
92
85*
85
90
87*
81
81
84*
87*
85*
86
87*
88
82
81*
83*
81
80
77
78
83
81
88
89
86
Mln.
61
60
56
54
55
57
62
55
55
55
69
62
55
55
61
62
59
59
68
60
51
60
59
57
53
55
53
60
53
59
54
Avg.
73
70
68
69
72
76
77
70
70
72
78
71
68
70
74
74
68
74
78
71
68
72
70
69
65
67
68
71
70'
74
70
Water Temp.
Max.
56
57
58
58
57
57
55
54
55
56
55
53
48
47
47
48
48
49
50
50
46
45
48
48
47
46
44
45
45
45

Mln.
48
50
51
51
50
50
51
49
48
48
47
46
47 .
45
43
43
42
43
44
45
42
40
41
43
41
41
43
41
39
39

Avg.
52
53
54
54
53
53
53
51
52
52
51
49
48
46
45
46
45
45
47
47
44
43
44
45
44
43
44
43
42
42

Air Temp.
Max.
88*
89
92
91
91
91
87
76
82
84
82
78*
65
65
64
67
70
76
80
67
64
65
72
71
73
70
58
64
68
69

Mln.
53
55
•62
58
56
58
71
63
53
53
59
47*
50*
50 .
46
46
46
51
46
47
47
37
46
43
40
38
55
45
39
41

Avp
71
72
77
75
73
74
79
70
67
68
71
63
57
57
50
56
58
64
63
57
56
51
59
57
56
54
56
60
53
55


-------
ABgENQTX B
                  B-5
                                TABLE
                              STATION NO.  2
                                Chandler
          Water and Air Temperatures  in Degrees of Fahrenheit
                 August
September
1955
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Water Temp.
Max.
74
74
73
73
75
76
75
75
75
76
77
74
7)
74
74
74
74
76
75
74
74
74
73
72
70
71
71
71
71
73
72
Min.
67
66
65
64
64
66
67
67
66
66
67
66
64
64
65
65
65
66
67
66
64
65
65
64
63
62
62
63
62
63
74
Avg.
70
70
69
69
69
71
71
71
71
71
72
70
68
69
69
69
70
71
71
70
69 .
69
69
68
66
66
66
67
67
68
66
Air Temp.
Max.
88
86
84
87
96
99
97
87
88
95
95

85
90
90
89
92
98
94
89
86
92
98
85
80
84
85
84

89
94
Min.
60
48
45
46
50
52
57
53
48
50
54
48
46
46
49
51
50
53
56
53
51
53
53
52
47
43
43
43
47
46
45
Avg.
74
67
65
67
73
76
77
70
68
73
75
66
66
68
70
70
71
75
75
71
69
72
75
68
63
63
64
64
68
67
69
Water Temp.
Max.
73
72
72
72
72
71
71
67
69
69
69
68
64
61
60
62
62.
62
63
63
60
60
61
60
61
60
58
70
59
60

Min.
63
64
65
65
65
56
65
64
62
62
62
61
61
60
56
57
56
57
57
59
57
55
56
55
54
54
57
55
54
54

Avg.
68
68
60
68
69
68
68
66.
66
66
65
65
63
60
58
59
59
59
60
61
59
58
58
57
57
57
57
57
57
57

Air. Temp.
Max.
96
97
94
92
94
96
92
80
89
89
87

75
68
68
72
72
74
83
74
66
66
70
70
73
79
62
68

70

Min.
46
48
54
68
52
57
59
58
53
51
54
44
46
54
43
50
38
41
43
52
43
33
43
36
34
44
56
43
35
36

Avg
71
73
74
80
73
76
76
69
71
70
71
69
60
61
55
61
54
57
57
63
54
49
57
53
53
61
59
55
51
53


-------
APPENDIX B
                 B-6
                                TABLE 4c

                             STATION NO. 3


                                Richland
          Water  and Air Temperatures  in Degrees of Fahrenheit
                  August
September
IQSS Water Temp.
Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Max.
75
74
74
75
76
78
77
77
76
77
77
77
75
74
74
74
75
76
76
76
75
74
73
73
72
71
72
71
72
73
73
Min.
69
68
66
67
68
69
70
69
69
69
70
70
68
68
69
68
67
69
70
70
68
68
67
67
65
65
66
66
66
66
67
Avg.
72
71
70
71
72
74
74
73
73
73
74
74
72
71
72
71
71
73
73
73
72
71
70
70
69
68
69
69
69
70
70
Air Temp.
Max.
95
91
87
88
94
100
104
100
91
94
100
101
90
90

95
92
96
99
95
88
92
94
91
87
81
89
92
89
98
102
Min.
67
54
52
54
56
61
64
59
57
60
62
55
57
54
57
58
56
60
67
59
55
56
55
54
55
49
51
61
54
57
57
Avg.
81
73
70
71
75
81
84
80
74
77
81
78
74
72
76
77
74
78
83
77
72
74
'75
73
71
65
70
77
73
78
80
Water Temp.
Max.
74
74
75
73
74
72
72
70
71
70
69
66
65
60
63
63
64
64
64
63
61
62
61
62
61
60
60
60
61


Min.
66
68
69
68
68
69
68
65
66
66
64
65
61
58
59
59
59
60
60
61
57
58
58
57
57
59
58
57
57


Avg.
70
71
72
71
71
71
70
68
69
68
67
66
63
59
61
61
62
62
62
63
59
60
60
60
59
60
59
59
59


Air Temp.
Max.
98
99
101
101
99
101
101
96
84
91
95
90
83

78
69
73
74
79
85
75
71
73
76
75
76
81
68
68
69

Min.
53
55
61
65
60
62
64
60
55
54
56
48
50
56
50
51
44
48
46
56
48
37
48
40
40
45
57
48
42
40

Avg,
76
77
81
83
60
82
83
78
70
73
76
69
67
67
64
60
59
61
63
71
62
54
61
58
58
61
69
58
55
55


-------
  APPENDIX B                                                            B-7
TABLE 5
WAPATO IRRIGATION PROJECT DRAIN WATER QUALITY
Average Characteristics for Irrigation Season
Drain
E. Toppenish
McDonald
Marion
Toppenish Creek
Satus Creek
South
Coulee
Satus 302
Satus 303
_oH
6.8
7.1
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.8
7.9
BOD
2.1
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.8
2.0
1.8
Hardness
COD (as CaC03)
8.7
7.6
7.2
8.6
8.1
8.6
10.9
14.8
9.1
105
110
116
123
112
123
182
94
101
Susp.
Turbidity Solids
10
5
5
6
6
13
12
62
27
24
27
18
18
40
55
60
477
136
Dissolved
Solids
187
195
219
231
225
241
363
226
182
             WAPATO IRRIGATION PROJECT. PRINCIPAL NON-CARBONATE  IONS

                            Average Characteristics for  Irrigation  Season
                                 N03-    P04-      Cl-     S04-     Na+
Intake
  Main Canal             0.05   0.09    0.10     1.9       3.5       6.0
  Toppenish Creek        0.04   0.06    0.17     0.8       0.8       6.0
  Satus Creek            0.04   0.44-i-7  0.21^   1.2       1.0       6.3

Drain
  E. Toppenish           0.38   1.46    0.66     4.2   .    6.8      11.7
  McDonald               0.06   1.16    0.18     5.7 |/    8.0      13.0
  Marion                 0.06   0.82    0.24     4.2 1'    10.3      19.3
  Toppenish Creek        0.06   0.36    0.24     5.5 I7    11.9      23.5
  Satus Creek            0.04   0.45    0.23     5.0 i7    10.8      19.7
  South                  0.07   0.83    0.30     4.5       12.2   .   22.5   .
  Coulee                 0.08   0.72    0.47     7.5 1'    53.8 i7   50.5 i7
  Satus 302              0.11   0.49    0.32     3.0       7.5      13.8
  Satus 303              0.07   1.15    0.24     4.5       17.1      16.4

Units of measurement are milligrams per liter.

I/  Average would have been 0.02 except for high readings  of 2.00  and  3.06
    for which there is no explanation.
2J  Average would have been 0.09 except for one high reading of  1.53 for
    which there is no explanation.
3_/  Includes at least one high value between 10.0 and 26.0.
4/  Includes three readings over 110.0 late in the season.
5_/  Includes three readings between 80.0 and 100.0.

-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE
GROUND WATER (
Location

Near
Sunny side
Near
Toppenish
Upper
Ahtanum
Valley

Lower
Ahtanun
Valley
In Yakima
Wanas
Valley





Selah
Well
Depth
(ft)

99

160
863
146
11
384
1078
18
30
213
85
Spring
127
60
385
400
115
Sprinj
131
Temp
oF

61

__
69
.._
--
60
63
-.
—
--
--
59
—
--
55
—
—
52
54
Color

5

__
0
5
10
0
8
25
25
5
15
__
--
—
--
--
—
--
5
PH

7.9

_.
7.8
7.7
7.3
7.9
7.9
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.6
8.3
7.7
7.2
7.5
7.4
7.7
7.9
N.C.
Hard

24

__
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
35
0
11
0
*%
•j
f\
w
0
0
0
Total
Hard

179

87
42
80
49
54
57
117
107
141
130
158
183
255
C-0
1C7
78
57
338
Dis.
Solids
Si02
Fe
6
UALITY
Ca
Mg
Wa
YAKIMA COUNTY
315

136
158
155
111
149
114
205
209
251
221
262
309
445
167
205
162
156
559
57

32
68
54
47
53
38
51
52
61
39
66
53
53
42
59
61
53
57
.01

.05
.08
.02
.11
.05
.24
.02
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.03
.13
.03
.07
.06
.00
48

22
13
16
10
13
12
24
23
30
34
32
42
CO
12
23
15
12
84
14.0

7.9
2.2
9.7
5.8
5.3
6.6
14.0
12.0
16.0
11.0
19.0
19.0
26.0
7.2
12.0
9.2
6.6
31.0
17.0

6.8:
19-.0
10. B
S.t
17.0
7.2
18.0
19. 0
9.5
12.,©
13.0
23.®
62, £
23. D
13.0
S..S!
17.0
38.0
K

7.4

1.9.
4.S
1.8
3.7
31.2'
3.1
5.6
5,. 3
3.2
4- ..8
5.,8
1«9
4.8
5.0
4.0
4.8
4.3
£.3
co3

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HC03

190

113
105
116
74
113
85
180
160
133
116
193
210
442
124
146
116
104
459
so4

44.0

5.1
0.3
4.4
24.0
0.4
4.4
5.1
8.0
29.0
21.0
18.0
21.0
20.0
9.8
LO.O
3.3
9.2
jO.G.
Cl

11.0

2.7
1.0
3.0
0.7
1.8
1.2
2.5
11.0
18.0
26.0
9.1
20.0
5.2
2.C
5.2
2.4
1.8
13.0
P

0.4

0.0
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
15.6
N03

2.3

2.0
0.2
1.6
1.0
0.1
0.2
1.8
1.5
2.7
6.0
3.1
1.6
6.2
G.l
2.1
0.7
0.3
7.0
TO4

.07

— —
—
•••
• •
__
	
— —
._
—
—
— —
._
._
__
..
..
—
—
                                                                                                             w
                                                                                                             00
                                                Continued,  next page

-------
APPENDIX B
                                            TABLE 6 (continued)


                                            GROUND WATER -QUALBXY
Location
Yakima
Firing
Center*
Prosser


North of
Benton
City
North of
Richland
Ellensburg
Hell
Depth
(ft)
550
550
502
599
740
420


228

1209
Temp
°F
62
68
66
63
60
__


_.

55
Color
5
0
0
0
5
5


5

0
PH
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.8
7.7


9.2

7.4
N.C.
Hard
0
0
0
0
0
38


0

0
Total
Hard
152
83
Dis.
Solids
272
174
Si02
49
49
Fe
.03
.04
Ca
33
16
Mg
17.0
11.0
Benton County
56
68
67
182


39

Kit
83
229
248
236
262


130

t i t i
151
59
50
46
51


18

1 S
58
.05
.12
.06
.68


.05

C i
.02
14
17
16
38


9.2

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18
5.1
6.1
6.6
.21


3.8

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9.2
Na
30.0
18.0
43.0
54.0
46.0
13.0


25.0


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                                            V 	CHELAN Cl
                                             \KITTITAS CO.
                                                                               OREGON
                                                                               VICINITY MAP
                           ELLENSBURG
                                 YAKIMA
                           Ahtanum C?
Union Gap
  •MoxeeCity
                                                                                             RICH LA NO
                                                                                                ASCO
    PROPOSED
ENLARGEMENT
                            VAKIMA
                           KLICKITAT
                                                                WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
                                                                  BUMPING LAKE ENLARGEMENT
                                                                 YAKIMA RIVER BASIN, WASHI NGTON

                                                                     LOCATION MAP
                                                            U.S.DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION,a WELFARE
                                                                       Public Health Service
                                                             REGION IX   (DATE: 8/65)    PORTLAND, OR E GO N

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