WATER SUPPLY AMP WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY.
HOLLEY RESERVOIR
CAIAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Northwest Region
Portland, Oregon
June 1967
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WATER SUPPLY AND WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
HOLLEY RESERVOIR
CA1APOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
An investigation has been made which discloses a. future need
for storage for municipal and industrial water supply and for regu-
lation of stream flow for water quality control in the Calapooia
and Willamette River Basins, Oregon. Future water requirements
and quality projections are based on economic, demographic, and
engineering studies.
Prepared at the request of the District Engineer,
U. S. Army Engineer District, Portland
Corps of Engineers, Portland, Oregon
u. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Northwest Region
Portland, Oregon
June 1967
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Request and Authority 1-1
B. Purpose and Scope 1-1
C. Acknowledgments 1-2
II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
A. Summary of Findings II-l
B. Conclusions II-4
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Location III-l
B. Project Features III-l
IV. STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION
A. Location and Boundaries IV-1
B. Physical Features and Climate IV-1
V. WATER RESOURCES OF THE STUDY AREA
A. Calapooia Basin Portion of the Study Area V-l
1. Surface Water
a. Existing Water Resource Development V-l
b. Hydrology and Stream Flow Frequency Analysis . V-l
c. Water Quality V-3
2. Ground Water
a. Quantity V-4
b. Quality V-4
B. Willamette River Portion of the Study Area V-5
1. Existing & Planned Water Resource Development . . . V-5
2. Stream Flow Frequency Analysis V-6
3. Water Quality V-6
VI. THE ECONOMY
A. General VI-1
B. Present VI-1
C. Projected Economic Base and Population VI-2
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iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Page No.
VII. WATEK. REQUIREMENTS—MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL
A. Present Water Use VII-1
B. Existing Source Development ..,.,....., VII-2
C. Forecast of Future Water Needs VII-2
VIII. WATER QUALITY CONTROL
A. Need for Control VIII-1
B. Municipal, Industrial, and
Agricultural Pollution VIII-4
C. Water Quality Objectives VIII-9
D. Evaluation of Flow Regulation Requirements. . . . VIII-10
IX. BENEFITS
A. Water Supply—Municipal & Industrial IX-1
B. Water Quality Control IX-1
X, BIBLIOGRAPHY X-l
APPENDIX A-l to A-9
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iv
Table No.
VI-1
VI-2
VI-3
VII-1
VII-2
VIII-1
VIII-2
VIII-3
VIII-4
VIII-5
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES
Title
Page No.
Population of Incorporated Places,
Willamette River Hainstem & Calapooia River Basin VI-3
Present & Projected Population,
Calapooia River Basin, Oregon.
Present & Projected Population,
Willamette River Mainstem, Oregon.
VI-6
VI-7
Municipal & Industrial Water Use,
Calapooia River Basin, Oregon VII-3
Projected Average M&I Water Demand at Brownsville,
Calapooia River Basin, Oregon VII-3
Present and Projected M&I Waste Loads,
Willamette River Mainstem, Oregon. ... VIII-6
Projected M&I Waste Loads, Calapooia River, Oregon VIII-7
Required Streamflow Regimen for Control of
Dissolved Oxygen, Calapooia River Basin, Oregon. . VIII-14
Required Streamflow Regimen for Water Quality
Control, Willamette River at Portland, Oregon. . . VIII-15
Regulation of Proposed Holley Reservoir, Downstream
Temperature Control, Calapooia River Basin, Oregon VIII-16
1
2
3
4
5
6
Recorded Streamflow Data,
Recorded Streamflow Data at Salem,
Mean Monthly Low Flows at Various Recurrence
Frequencies, Calapooia River Basin, Oregon ....
Mean Monthly Low Flows at Various Recurrence
Frequencies, Willamette River Basin, Oregon. . . .
Surface Water Quality at Albany,
Mineral Content of Municipal Water Supplies,
A-l
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
A-6
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LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
Table No. Title Page No.
7 Surface Water Quality,
Willamette River Mains tern, Oregon A-7
8 Groundwater Quality at Albany,
41 Calapooia River Basin, Oregon A-8
9 Inventory of Major Waste Source,
Willamette River Basin, Oregon. ... A-9
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page No.
1 Willamette River Basin, Oregon IV-la
2 Schematic Diagram, Calapooia River Basin, Oregon V-2
3 Schematic Diagram, Willamette Basin, Oregon . . . V-7
4 Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Profile,
Willamette River, Oregon. ..... V-8
5 Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Profile,
Lower Willamette River, Oregon V-9
6 DO-Flow Relationships, Year 2010 VIII-12
7 Location Map ...'... Back Cover
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I. INTRODUCTION
A. •" Request and Authority
The District Engineer, U. S. Army Engineer District, Portland,
Oregon, in a letter dated November 1, 1963, requested the advice of
the U.' S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare concerning the
needs for storage for water supply and water quality control in the
proposed Holley Reservoir in the Calapooia River Basin, Linn County,
Oregon, and the value of benefits resulting therefrom.
The water supply portion of this study was made in accordance with
the Memorandum of Agreement, dated November 4, 1958, between the Depart-
ment of the Army and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
relative to the Water Supply Act of 1958, as amended (43 U.S.C. 390b).
The water quality control aspects are considered under authority of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 466 ,
et seq.). Responsibility for these activities was transferred from the
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to the Department of the
*
Interior by Re-organization Plan No. 2 of 1966, effective May 10, 1966.
B. Purpose and Scope
The investigation was conducted to advise the Corps of Engineers
on the need for and value of storage in Holley Reservoir Project, Linn
County, Oregon, for municipal and industrial water supply and water
quality control in the Calapooia Basin and that portion of the Willamette
River below the mouth of the Calapooia. To accomplish this, available
data on water uses, waste sources, and water quality were examined,
evaluated, and projected.
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The over-all area covered by this report includes the entire
drainage area of the Calapooia River and the portion of the main
stem Willamette River remaining below the point it receives the
Calapooia. The Calapooia and main stem Willamette portion may
be discussed separately in some connections and collectively in
others. The main stem Willamette portion is defined demographic-
ally by portions of Linn, Marion, Clackamas, Multnomah, and
Washington Counties.
Evaluations include projected conditions to the year 2010,
with an interim point at 1985. An economic base study was prepared
for this purpose and is summarized in the report. The findings of
the report with respect to water quality control needs are based
on information contained in the FWPCA comprehensive report
entitled "Water Quality Control and Management, Willamette River
Basin", dated January 1967.1'
C. Acknowle d gmen ts
Information for this report was provided by officials of the
communities of Brownsville and Halsey, the Oregon State Sanitary
•=/ The projected water quality control flow requirements for 1985
computed for this report differ from those recommended in the
FWPCA comprehensive report due to different criteria. For this
report: (1) The base flow used for Portland Harbor is an
expected regulated flow (storage constructed or authorized by
1965) imposed on a statistical one-in-ten year monthly distrib-
ution occurrence; and (2) An average basin-wide municipal and
industrial waste treatment level of 85 percent BOD removal was
used instead of the 87 percent used in the Willamette Basin
report. The resultant flow requirements for 1985 are about 20
percent greater and demands on storage are about 6 percent
greater.
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Authority, the U. S, Soil Conservation Service, and the U. S.
Ar^riy Corps of Engineers. The cooperation of these persons is
gratefully acknowledged.
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II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
A. Summary of Findings
1. The site of the proposed Holley Reservoir.Project is on
the main stem of the Calapooia River near Holley, Oregon (drainage
area 100 square miles), about 46 river miles upstream from the
confluence of Calapooia and Willamette Rivers at Albany, Oregon.
2. As currently proposed by the Corps of Engineers, Holley
Reservoir would have a total storage capacity of about 186,000 acre-
feet. Multiple purposes to be served would be: flood control, irri-
gation, recreation, fish and wildlife, municipal and industrial (M&I)
water supply, and water quality control.
3. Calapooia River is presently unregulated, and streamflow
varies considerably from year to year and by season. The annual runoff
.to the river above the proposed site (28 years of record) for example,
varies between 178,300 and 486,700 acre-feet and averages 324,000 acre-
feet. Daily average discharges have ranged from 12,200 cfs to 13 cfs.
The base flow appropriated by the Oregon State Water Resources Board
for Calapooia River between Holley and its mouth at Albany is 20 cfs.
At Brownsville (R. M. 32) the estimated mean minimum monthly one-in-ten
year low flow, adjusted for full exercise of irrigation diversions
(rights totalling 29 cfs) is 46 cfs.
4. The flow of th« Willamette River is regulated for power,
navigation, and flood control from existing Federal reservoirs and will
be regulated additionally-.for chese purposes upon completion of authorize!
storage development (total 2,161,600 acre-feet, of which about
800,000 acre-feet is being reserved for future irrigation). At
the key record
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station at Salem (R. M. 84), mean monthly minimum unregulated flows
(3,000-3,500 cfs) will be increased to about 5,500 cfs when all
existing and authorized Federal projects are in full operation.
Tributary inflow below Salem contributing to flows through Portland
harbor is about a minimum monthly average 1,1DO cfs on a one-in-ten
year low flow recurrence basis.
5. The physical and chemical quality of Calapooia River
waters above the Holley Reservoir site is excellent, with the exception
of sporadic sediment loads caused by high water, logging, road con-
struction, and gravel washing. No significant sources of organic
waste exist above the site. Downstream the Calapooia River has been
observed to carry an organic concentration of about 0.6 mg/1 five-day
BOD and a coliform bacteria count ranging from 1,000 to 4,000 per
100 milliliters. During summer months, lower reaches of Calapooia
River are degraded in appearance by excessive algal and other aquatic
growths. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is available, in minimum concentrations
of greater than 7.0 mg/1. Stream temperatures greater than 70 F have
been recorded near Albany.
6. The main stem Willamette River receives organic wastes
equivalent to a total population of about 737,000 persons in its 120-
mile length below the Calapooia River. Stream quality is progressively
degraded to Portland harbor where five-day BOD concentrations commonly
reach 5 mg/1 and DO is reduced to as low as 2 mg/1 during periods of
minimum flow, Dissolved oxygen content of main stem waters above
Portland harbor range above 5 mg/1 and reach saturation in upper sections.
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The coliform density of most sections of the river is greater than the
upper limit (1,000 MPN) usually considered safe for swimming and water-
contact recreation. The aesthetic quality of the river has discouraged
Its use as a source of municipal water supply.
7. The 1960 urban population of the over-all study area
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9. The only sewage collection and treatment system in
Calapooia River Basin at the present time is at Brownsville. About
1,000 persons are served by this facility. Other sources of waste in
the basin are a particle board plant at Brownsville, the communities
of Rowley and Sodaville, and miscellaneous rural centers and residences.
The estimated organic load to Calapooia River from these sources is
about 220 PE.
10. Major loading points along the main stem Willamette River
below the Calapooia occur at Albany, Salem, Newberg, Oregon City and
Portland. About 666,000 PE of waste from these sources and 70,000 PE
from tributary stream sources are received in the river. More than
80 percent of the total organic load carried in the Willamette River
originates as industrial waste, about one-half of which is discharged
at Oregon City. The combined efficiency of waste control, particularly
during low flow periods when industrial wastes are being held, barged
or applied to land is about 75 percent.
B. Conclusions
1. Municipal and industrial (M&I) water demands in the
Calapooia Basin portion of the study area will increase to 1.10 million
gallons per day (mgd) and 2.26 mgd by the years 1985 and 2010, res-
pectively. By the end of the study period, an annual storage need of
1,500 acre-feet in Holley Reservoir to yield about 1.3 mgd will be
required to meet the 2.26 mgd demand. First need in the amount of
about 500 acre-feet, will begin approximately at the time of assumed
project completion (1975).
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II-5
2. The annual value of storage in Holley Reservoir for
M&I water supply is estimated to be $28,500 based on least-cost
single-purpose alternative storage costs amortized on a 100-year
•basis 'at 3.125 percent interest and including annual O&M expenses
of $3,900.
3. Beginning in about the year 1975 flow regulation in
addition to adequate waste treatment will be needed in Portland
harbor during the months of July, August and September to maintain
dissolved oxygen (DO) levels at 5 mg/1 for fish passage, fish
oriented recreation and general aesthetics of the harbor. Adequate
treatment or other means of controlling present and projected
wastes (assuming 85 and 90 percent BOD removal by years, 1985 and
2010, respectively) along main stem Willamette above Portland
harbor and Calapooia Rivers will control DO above 7 mg/1 for
fish rearing, spawning and other purposes without flow regulation.
4. Adequate assimilation of treated wastes in Portland
Harbor by the years 1985 and 2010 will require a total minimum
average seasonal flow of 8,930 and 9,280 cfs respectively during
low flow periods (July through September). To obtain this flow
and meet fish passage and other use objectives on a 90 percent
annual achievement probability basis (one-in-ten year low flow
recurrence), an annual draft-on-storagei/ of 623,000 acre-feet by
—' Annual draft-on-storage is the sum of incremental excesses of
needed releases over inflows during a climatic year (April
through March).
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1985 and 690,000 acre-feet by the year 2010 will be required. The
size limitation of Holley Reservoir would permit only partial
satisfaction of this requirement.
5. Quality control releases from Holley Reservoir and/
or additional reservoirs, as needed, would benefit a potential
4
population of 1,990,000 persons residing in the over-all study
area. With control of DO in the harbor, annual anadromous fish
migrations averaging 51,000 would be preserved, contributing
therefore to continued sports and commercial fishery activities
and to the economic assets associated with these and other water
oriented activities.
6. Temperature enhancement in a ten-mile reach of
spawning gravel can be accomplished in Calapooia River with multi-
level releases from Holley Reservoir. To meet fishery requirements,
flow releases from Holley Reservoir ranging from 132 cfs (50°F) in
November to 658 cfs (70°F) in July would be required.
7. The benefits derived from flow regulation for water
quality control in Portland harbor are both tangible and intang-
ible and would accrue only after an adequate degree of waste treat-
ment has been provided at all major waste sources. The riparian
owners, downstream water users, and the populations of the
surrounding area would be the major recipients of the benefits of
this control. As beneficiaries are widespread throughout the
Willamette Basin study area, the State of Oregon and—for the
fishery use—the Pacific Northwest, the cost to provide quality
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II-7
control regulation in llolley Reservoir and/or other Federal
reservoirs as required would be nonreimbursable.
8. me minimum value of storage for water quality
control in Willamette River Basin is considered to be at least
equal to the least-cost alternative available to meet quality
objectives in the absence of the project. Single-purpose storage
and advanced waste treatment costs were analyzed for this purpose.
Waste disposal underground, holding of waste for discharge during
high flow periods, transport of wastes downstream, and restriction
of future development were not considered to be adequate or
equivalent alternatives.
9. Advanced waste treatment compared to least-cost,
single-purpose storage (Plan A and B cost analysis prepared by
the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers) was found to be the cheapest
alternative to flow regulation for water quality control. The
estimated annual equivalent advanced waste treatment cost per
acre-foot was found to be $3.98 compared to $9.90 for single-
purpose storage,
10. The minimum value of the widespread water quality
control benefit assignable to an annual draft-on-storage o.f 690,000
acre-feet with first need for 590,000 acre-feet beginning in 1975
(assumed project completion) is $3.98 per acre-foot. Multiplied
by 690,000 acre-feet...the total storage required by the year
2010...the annual benefit is $2,750,000 (rounded).
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II-8
11. Specific releases from Holley Reservoir resulting
in improved minimum flows in Portland harbor would be worth $3.98
i
per acre-foot per year on a 100-year basis. Benefits associated
'with releases for temperature control and flow stabilization in
Calapooia River would be equal at least to the value of the enhanced
4
anadromous fishery. This latter value will be calculated by the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
12. After the project is in operation, a system of
water quality and waste monitoring and streamflow forecasting
will be required to effectively regulate flow for water quality
control.
13. Maintenance of water quality in Calapooia River
without flow regulation is predicated on the release of water
which is relatively uniform in quality from Holley Reservoir.
Thermal stratification and reduced dissolved oxygen in lower levels
of the reservoir can be expected. Multi-gated outlets providing
flexibility of releases by depth should, therefore, be considered
in the design of Holley Dam.
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III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Location
The proposed Holley Dam and Reservoir Project is located in
the headwaters of Calapooia River, a tributary of Willamette River
in northwestern Oregon. The site of the dam is about 24 air-miles
<«»
and 46 river miles southeast of Albany in Linn County (see Location
Map, back cover). The drainage area above the site is 105 square
miles, and annual run-off averages 323,600 acre-feet.
The Calapooia River drainage basin encompasses a total area
of 372 square miles. The main stem, 70 miles long, originates in
the lower westerly slope of the Cascade Range and flows north-
westerly to join the Willamette River at Albany. Elevations in
headwater areas range up to about 4,000 feet msl.
• B. Project Features
Project purposes being investigated by the Corps of Engineers
include flood control, irrigation, municipal and industrial water
supply, water quality control, fishery enhancement, and recreation.
As proposed by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Holley
Reservoir will have a total storage capacity of about 186,000
acre-feet. Space for several years of carry-over storage is
included to provide supplemental water for irrigation and fishlife
during! extreme dry years. Principal features of the proposed dam
and reservoir are:
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Elevation Surface Area Storage
(Feet) (Acres) (Ac.-Ft.)
Dam Height 699 —
Maximum Pool • ',' . 694 3,080 186,000
Conservation Pool 692 3,030 180,600
Flood Control Pool 660 2,110 96,000
Normal Minimum Pool .... 634 1,450 51,000
Streambed 530 —- —-
IV
At the maximum pool elevation Holley Reservoir would control
about 30 percent of the average annual discharge of Calapooia
River at Albany. A minimum sustained conservation release is
planned, primarily to meet the needs of fish and wildlife.
Potential needs for storage for M&I water supply are centered
in the Calapooia Basin area, at Brownsville about 13 miles below
Holley and at Halsey located outside of the basin west of Browns-
ville. Considerations for water quality control regulation apply
to the lower Calapooia River and the main stem Willamette River
downstream to the mouth, including Portland harbor. Operation
of the reservoir would be coordinated with existing and authorized
storage development in the entire Willamette River system.
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IV. STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION
A. Location and Boundaries
The study area for this report is the Calapooia River drainage
basin, including the adjacent Halsey area west of Brownsville, and the portion of
the main stem Willamette River below the point at which it receives the
Calapooia (see Figure 1). Principal urban areas in the main
stem Willamette River study area are Albany, Salem, Newberg, Oregon Citjj
West Linn, Lake Oswego, Milwaukie and Portland.
B. Physical Features and Climate
The Calapooia River drains a narrow area between McKenzie River
Basin on the south and the Santiam River Basin on the north. The upper
portion of the basin area is heavily timbered. The lower portion of the
basin is flat, mostly agricultural land with slopes as low as 2.5 feet
per mile.
The Willamette River meanders over a broad plain northward 115 miles
to its confluence with the Columbia River. At Oregon City (Rl-l 26.6),
the river drops 45 feet, forming Willamette Falls. The stream gradient
of the reach above the falls (Newberg Pool) is less than 2 feet per mile.
Below the falls the river flows slowly through Portland harbor and joins
the Columbia River just north of the city. The river is affected by
tidal movements and stage of the Columbia River from its mouth to
Willamette Falls.
The climate of the study area is of the temperate maritime type,
characterized by dry, moderately-warm summers and wet, mild winters.
Headwaters of the Calapooia River are in one of the wettest areas of
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the Willamette River Basin. Although the normal annual precipitation
at the Holley Dam site is about 56 inches, that of the headwaters region
i
exceeds 110 inches. The normal annual precipitation for the watershed
is approximately 80 inches. The temperatures of the basin are moderate
except for occasional short periods of hot or cold weather. The
*
temperature extremes at Albany, near the mouth of the Calapooia River,
have ranged from 104 to minus 15 F. Growing season in the agricultural
areas varies from 180 to 200 days.
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V. WATER RESOURCES OF THE STUDY AREA
A, •» Calapooia Basin Portion of the Study Area
1. Surface Water
a. Existing VJater Resources Development
Basin
Water resources development in the Calapooia / is closely
related to land utilization. In general, land use upstream from Holley
is almost exclusively devoted to forestry, while a considerable portion
of the downstream area of the Calapooia Basin has been developed for
agriculture. No major storage reservoirs have been constructed in
Calapooia Basin.
Basin lands have been irrigated since about 1905. The
Calapooia River is an adjudicated stream serving over 100 individual
water rights for the irrigation of approximately 2,700 acres. These
rights total about 31 cfs. Brownsville has a surface water right of
0.67 cfs for municipal purposes.
A basin-wide irrigation plan has been developed by the
U. S. Bureau of Reclamation which would provide a water supply for
41,700 irrigable acres. This is considered to be the ultimate irrigation
development potential within the Calapooia Basin. Most of this area
lies north of the reach of the river downstream from Brownsville.
b. Hydrology and Stream Flow Frequency Analysis
Stream flows have been recorded for the Calapooia River
at Holley since 1935 and at Albany since 1940 (see Figure 2, Schematic
Diagram). A summary of these data is included in the appendix (Table 1).
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bHoliey
! \
HOLLEY
RESERVOIR
SITE
LEGEND
V USGS Gage
\/ Proposed Reservoir
V
O Community
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A low-flow frequency analysis was performed using the mean annual flows
of record at Holley and Albany for the twenty-three years from 1941 to
'l
1963, inclusive. A distribution of mean monthly low flow with recurrence
intervals of 5, 10, and 20 years was developed. The natural mean monthly
low flow of the river at Brownsville, with a recurrence frequency of
'-i*
one-in-ten years, adjusted for full exercise of irrigation diversion
rights is estimated to be approximately 46 cfs.
c. Water Quality
The physical and chemical quality of water above the
proposed reservoir is considered excellent, although at times sediment
concentrations reach significant proportions. In 1949-50, the Calapooia
River discharged an estimated sediment load of 90,340 tons per year at
Albany (7). Activities such as logging, road construction, and gravel
washing occasionally contribute substantial sediment loads to the stream
and are suspected of causing damage to fish spawning and propagation.
Under impounded conditions, changes in water quality will occur. These
changes in quality are discussed in Chapter VIII, Water Quality Control.
The main stem Calapooia River below Brownsville is
and
a low gradient, sluggish stream / contributes to temperature and nutrient
enrichment conditions conducive to excessive growths of algae and other
aquatic forms.
Analytical results of stream samples collected at Albany
are shown in Table 5 of the Appendix. Organic matter in terms of bio-
chemical oxygen demand (BOD) is normally less than 1 mg/1 at Albany, and
dissolved oxygen has generally been greater than 7 mg/1 (80 percent of
saturation) during relatively low-flow periods (20-40 cfs).
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2. Groundwatpr
a. Quantity
Groundwater in the Calapooia River Basin is an important
complement to the surface water resources of the area. Most of the
rural domestic water needs are supplied by groundwater. Hie greatest
4
use of groundwater in Calapooia Basin is for irrigation. Irrigation
rights totalling about 16 cfs presently exist.
Groundwater is relatively abundant in the basin due in
large part to the occurrence of coarse, permeable, and relatively silt-
free alluvium derived from the volcanic rocks of the Cascade Range.
Yield capability of wells in the area east of Brownsville is lowest,
while in the western part of the basin wells generally yield up to
several hundred gallons per minute (gpm). The highest yields (up to
1,000 gpm) are obtained from wells located along the main stem in its
lower reaches and along Oak Creek.
b. (Duality
Groundwater quality in the Calapooia Basin is generally
suitable for both domestic and irrigation uses. Many wells, however,
are shallow and receive surface seepage, thereby being susceptible to
pollution. Serious quality problems exist in certain areas of the lower
basin where mineral contamination and surface pollution of groundwater
restrict use and necessitate treatment. Wells drilled deeper than 100
feet often tap water with sufficient salt content to be unfit for domestic
or irrigation use. Hardness is also a problem. This is readily apparent
by comparison of data presented in Table 6 of the Appendix.
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V-5
B. Willamette River Portion of the Study Area
1. Existing and Planned Water Resource Development
The present water resource development in the Willamette Basin
has evolved over the last three decades as a result of continuous study
of the flood control power, navigation, and related resource needs.
Initially authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1938 and repeatedly
modified by subsequent acts, this development provides a system of
multi-purpose reservoirs which regulate the flows of the Willamette
and its tributaries.
At present, there are fourteen multi-purpose storage reservoirs
authorized in the Willamette Basin. Eight of the fourteen are in opera-
tion; together with three power reservoirs, these provide a usable
storage capacity of 1,515,600 acre-feet. Reservoirs under construction
will provide an additional 646,000 acre-feet of usable storage. Existing
and authorized storage capacity of 2,161,600 acre-feet is about 8.3 per-
cent of the annual 26 million acre-feet runoff of the basin.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers estimates a potential
1,100,000 acre-feet of additional storage in the Willamette system,
which would bring the total storage capacity to 12.5 percent of the
annual runoff. Investigations by FWPCA for the Bureau of Reclamation on
proposed irrigation projects on the Tualatin and Yamhill Rivers and
Rickreall Creek revealed that benefits would accrue from provision for
storage for water quality control and municipal and industrial water
supply. Storage in earlier reservoirs was not allocated for these
specific uses.
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V-6
When all existing and authorized Federal reservoirs are in
mean monthly low
full operation in Willamette Basin, the minimum unregulated/flow at
Salem (about 3jOOO cfs) will have been increased to approximately 5,500
cfs and in Portland harbor to about 6,500 cfs.
2. Stream Flow Frequency Analysis
Stream flows have been recorded for the lower Willamette River
at Salem since 1909 and flow estimates of lower reaches are customarily
referenced to this gage (see Figure 3). Table 4 in the Appendix shows
the results for a frequency analysis of stream flow at Salem and Portland
harbor. The lowest mean monthly flow of the Willamette River at Salem
and at Portland--adjusted for regulation by all reservoirs now in operation,
under construction, or authorized—is estimated to be approximately 3,660
cfs and 4,760 cfs, respectively, on a recurrence frequency of one-in-ten
years.
3. Water Quality
The chemical and physical quality of the main stem Willamette
River downstream to Newberg pool, a rather sluggish reach formed behind
Willamette Falls, is suitable for most uses. Hardness ranges generally
from 15-25 mg/1 and dissolved solids from about 50 to 100 mg/1. Nutrient
concentrations as nitrate have shown an increase between Albany and Newberg
from about 0.25 mg/1 to 0.5 mg/1. Maximum water temperatures are in the
order of 70 F during summer months. During these times below Newberg
pool (Portland harbor), stream waters are drastically degraded, as evidenced
by increased biochemical oxygen demand and critically low dissolved oxygen
content. Figures 4 and .5 illustrate these conditions. As noted, dissolved
oxygen has on occasion dropped to about 2 mg/1.
-------
A USGS Gcga
W Prooosed Reserve!;
V
O Community
NOLLE Y
RESERVOIR SITE
WATER SUPPLY&V/ATER QUALITYCC.V.'SCwSTUDY
HOLLEY RESERVO::; PROJECT
CALAPOOIA RlVE;?:.A3iK,OR=:GOX
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
WILLAMETTE RIVER
UNITED SVATcS DE! PA Fv T";.'. E ,\T Of t,\TEn;.OS ~
Podcrot\Voter Po!tution Control AdminiirrcTior.
REGIOMX CO'.TCiO/CC) PO"Tl.A';Dr-'-
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-------
35
m C
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i: —
ED STATES DEPARTMENT Of- t.MERl
Federol V.'ctcr Pollution Control AdminisTrction
IX (DATt!
— 1
C? n
iISSOLVSD OXYGEN & TEMPERATURE
LOWER "WILLAMETTE RIVER '
R SUPPLY a\V ATER QUALITY CONTFtO1 S'
HOLLEY RESERVOIR PROJECT
CALA?OO:A RIVER BASIN, OREGON
c
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-------
VI. THE ECONOMY
A. •* GeneraJL
The demand for water for municipal and industrial purposes, and
the amount and character of waste waters resulting from such uses, are
determined largely by the activities associated with a region's economic
base. The purpose of this section is to present economic and demographic
data to be used as a basis for projecting the needs for water for muni-
cipal and industrial purposes and for estimating the future amounts and
types of waste and land drainage material that may be expected to occur
in the Calapooia and main stem Willamette River study area with the
expanded development anticipated in the future.
B. Present
The economic growth of the Calapooia and main stem Willamette study
areas has historically been based on timber and agriculture. Although
diversification has taken place in recent years, these two natural
resource related industries continue to provide the impetus for overall
growth and development. Timber harvesting and lumber production reached
peak levels between 1943 and 1956. Since 1956, there has been a sharp
decline in lumber production, although the plywood and wood fiber
industries have continued to expand.
Lumber and wood-products manufacturing are presently the largest
industries in the Calapooia River Basin. Economic activity centers
around Brownsville, the basin's largest community, where several saw-
mills (employing about 125 persons) and a small particle board plant
are the major employers.
-------
VI-2
There has been some decrease in total farm acreage during the
past 30 years, but an increase in crop-land acreage. Most of this
increase has been in vegetables, with a decrease in small grains,
tree fruits, and nuts. The foremost crop in the area is seed grass.
A seed warehouse in Halsey is one of the largest in the Willamette
''>
Basin and is the toxvn's principal employer.
The Calapooia Basin reflects the national trend toward a decrease
in rural population. At the present time, however, the majority of
people continue to live on farm sites. Total population in the
Calapooia River Basin in 1960 was 8,800.
The Willamette main stem urban areas below Calapooia River serve
as trade and service centers, several of which have attracted many
diversified industries along with lumber and wood-products. The
Portland Metropolitan Area provides a trading and service center for
many Willamette and State of Oregon communities and industries. Pulp
and paper mills are located at Oregon City, West Linn, and Newberg.
Food processing plants operate on a seasonal basis at Albany and Salem.
Table VI-1 shows the 1950 and 1960 population of incorporated
towns in the Calapooia Basin and main stem Willamette River study
areas.
C. Projected Economic Base and Population
1. Factors Influencing Riturc Growth
The economic future of the Calapooia Basin to year 2010 will
most likely follow existing trends. Some increase in the timber harvest
due to maturing of second-growth stands may be expected and, with the
-------
VI-3
TABLE VI-1
POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES
WILLAMETTE RIVER MAINSTEM & GALAPOOIA RIVER BASIN
Location 1950 I960
WILLAMETTE RIVER MAINSTEM:
Portland 373,628 372,298
Milwaukie 5,253 9,099
Oswego 3,316 8,906
Gladstone 2,434 3,854
West Linn 2,945 3,933
Oregon City 7,682 7,996
Newberg 3,946 4,204
Salem 43,140 49,142
Independence 1,987 1,930
Albany 10,115 12,926
CALAPOOIA RIVER BASIN:
Brownsville ..... 1,175 875
Halsey 388 404
Sodaville 157 145
Source: U. S. Census of Population, 1950 & 1960.
-------
VI-4
expansion of this resource, the basin's forest-produces industries
will grow. Capacity at the sawmill in Brownsville should increase, and
increased capacity at the particle board plant also seems likely.
Agricultural production is expected to increase due to expanded irri-
gation and improved productivity. With increased irrigation, a more
diversified agricultural base, with greater emphasis on dairying and
vegetable crops could logically develop. This will provide the
resource for an increased service industry at Brownsville and Halsey.
Some spill-over of the growth anticipated for urban areas of Linn
(particularly Albany) and Lane Counties may add to the basin's growth.
Development of a substantial manufacturing industry appears unlikely.
In the lower Willamette Basin it is expected that the ratio
of service industry jobs to manufacturing jobs will increase in line
with national trends. Service industry categories whose employment
increased most rapidly during 1950-60 will probably continue to show
the greatest increases in the future. These include truck transporta-
tion and warehousing, wholesale trade, finance-insurance-real estate,.
professional services, education, and public administration.
In manufacturing, continued growth of population is expected
to make possible the establishment of market-oriented plants for the
production of goods formerly brought in from outside the Portland
region. Except for those industries whose location is oriented towards
the site of a fixed resource, it is expected that the distribution of
employment in the region will become more like that in the nation. On
this basis, growth is particularly likely to occur in the following
-------
VI-5
categories: machinery, vehicles and other transportation equipment,
shipbuilding, cement, glass, concrete, stone and clay products, pro-
fessional and photographic equipment, textiles, apparel, and chemicals.
2. Future
The Holley Reservoir project and its possible influence on
irrigation is the principal modifying factor to be considered in gaging
the future of the Calapooia Basin. If the history of other irrigation
developments may be used to interpret probable effects in the basin,
additional irrigation can be expected to slow the downward course of
population trends. Large agricultural outputs are more likely to
result in expansion of food-processing activities in the Salem or Albany
service area than in establishment of processing in the Calapooia River
Basin.
. The proposed Holley Reservoir project anticipates eventual
service to 41,700 acres of new land in Calapooia Basin. The servicing
of organized districts is expected to be gradual with full service in
about 30 years.
In the past few years, a leveling off in production of timber
products has been experienced within the middle Willamette Basin (from
the Long Tom to the Tualatin). It is probable that a plateau has been
reached and will continue during the next 20 years. Timber lands should
be near sustained-yield levels at about the end of the study period.
Neither the recent history of the Calapooia Basin area nor
the prospects of economic development outlined above suggests vigorous
population expansion during the study period. Most of the growth in the
-------
VI-6
basin is forecast to occur at Brownsville. While rural population if
forecast, to remain about 7,000, it is anticipated that the present
Brownsville population will triple by 1985 and that the 2010 population
will be double that of 1985. The other incorporated places in the basin
will increase slightly but not significantly. Table VI-2 shows the
projected population for the Calapooia Basin.
TABLE VI-2
PRESENT AND PROJECTED POPULATION
CAIAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
I960, 1985, & 2010
jjOcauion
Halsey
Sodaville
Rural Area
TOTAL, Calapooia River Basin .
Population
1960
. . 1.0
. . 0.4
. , 0.2
. . 0.2
. . 7.0
. . 8.8
, in
1985
3
1
1
0.5
7
12.5
thousands
2010
6
2
1
1
7
17
Future Willamette main stem population growth was estimated
from projections of future employment in manufacturing industries,
together with assumptions concerning ratios of service-to-manufacturing
employment and ratios of population-to-total labor force. As a check,
the results obtained were compared with national population projections
allocated to various states and hence, to river basin areas in Oregon.
The results of these.population forecasts are summarized in Table VI-3.
-------
VI-7
TABLE VI-3
PRESENT AND PROJECTED POPULATION
WILLAMETTE RIVER MAIN STEM, OREGON
I960, 1985, & 2010
Tributary Area
Portland (City Limits). . . .
Milwaukie & Vicinity . . . .
bswego & Vicinity ......
Gladstone & Vicinity
West Linn
Oregon City & Vicinity. . . .
Newberg
Albany
Other
Population,
in
1960 1985
.... 373
.... 38
.... 14
.... 7
.... 4
.... 11
.... 6
. . . . 77
.... 15
.... 32
600
107
40
16
11
26
17
178
41
53
thousands
2010
1,000
220
80
35
21
48
38
363
91
90
TOTAL . . 577 1,089 1,986
-------
VII. WATER REQUIREMENTS—MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL
A. Present Water Use
Communities within direct range of the proposed Holley Reservoir
are Holley, Brownsville and Halsey. Depending upon the quantity and
quality of water available at each location, these communities'water
supplies could benefit from storage.
The City of Albany, located at the mouth of the Calapooia River,
obtains its water supply from the South Santiam River outside of the
study area. Holley, Sod-aville, and other small communities within
Calapooia Basin have not yet developed community water supply systems.
Residents of these smaller communities, as well as people living in
rural areas, are supplied by wells and other individual facilities.
The Brownsville municipal water facilities serve approximately
1,000 persons at the average rate of 140,000 gallons per day (gpd),
or 155 acre-feet per year. Water is obtained from an infiltration
gallery on the Calapooia River. The water plant has a rated capacity of
720,000 gpd (1.1 cfs). Brownsville has surface and groundwater rights
of 430,000 and 320,000 gpd, respectively.
At Halsey, the Citizens Water and Light Company provides water
from a well to serve approximately 200 persons at the average rate of
20,000 gpd, or 22 acre-feet per year.
No significant amount of surface or ground water is being used
exclusively for industrial purposes in the Calapooia Basin.
-------
VII-2
B. Existing Source Development
Calapooia
The greatest demand for M&I water in the / Basin occurs at
Brownsville, The minimum daily flow recorded for the Calapooia River
at Brownsville is approximately 13 cfs (8.4 mgd). This flow would
also be available to the Holley community, located about 13 miles
upstream. Chemical analyses indicate a relatively good quality water
at Brownsville (see Table 6, Appendix). Chlorination is the only
treatment practiced.
The municipal well at Halsey has a rated capacity of 50 gpm. The
present demand averages about 20,000 gpd, or 14 gpm. Difficulties have
been experienced in developing well supplies in this area due to
limited yields and water quality is generally unsatisfactory
due to high brine content (see Table 6, Appendix).
C. Forecast of Future Water Needs
Projected population growth in the Calapooia area
(Table VI-2) and increasing per capita water demands indicate increased
year 2010.
requirements for M&I water within the study period to / Based on
whole
trends tov/ard higher per capita demands in the/Willamette Basin, the
estimated daily per capita demand by 1985 will be about 200 gallons and
by 2010 about 225 gallons. Applying these values to expected municipal
populations in the Calapooia area reveals future demands as shown in
Table VII-1. The expected annual demand distribution for Brownsville,
the major supply in the basin, is shown in Table_VIl-2_.
-------
VII-3
TABLE VI1-1
MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
CALAPOOLA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
1960, 1985, 6= 2010
Community
Brownsville
Halsey
Hoi ley
Sodaville
Year
1960
1985
2010
1960
1985
2010
1960
1985
2010
1960
1985
2010
Population
Served
(1000's)
1
3
6
0.2
1
2
0
1
1
0
0.5
1
Ave. Annual
Demand
(mgd)
0.14
0.60
1.35
0.02
0.20
0.45
0.00
'0.20
0.23
0.00
0.10
0.23
Maximum
Monthly
(mgd)
0.26
1.1
2.6
0.04
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.4
Demand
Daily
(mgd)
0.4
1.6
3.6
0.06
0.5
1.2
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.6
TABLE VII-2
PROJECTED AVERAGE MONTHLY M&I WATER DEMAND AT BROWNSVILLE
CALAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
1985 & 2010
Month
1985
2010
Percent of Avg. Demand
Annual Demand (mgd)
Percent of Avg.
Annual Demand
Demand
January ....
February. . . .
March .....
April
May
June
July
August
September . . .
October . . . .
November. . . .
December. . . .
0,
0.
92
96
0.99
,06
,11
,76
,62
,11
,42
,15
,04
1.06
AVERAGE ....
100
0.60
100
1.35
-------
VII-4
Study area water demands for the respective years 1985 and 2010
are projected to total 1.10 and 2.26 mgd. Demands in areas within range
of Holley Reservoir for these years are 1.0 and 2.03 mgd, respectively.
About 65 percent of this demand will occur at Brownsville,
Limits on waters presently available in Calapooia Basin and
adjacent areas indicate a relatively early need for storage to supple-
ment existing municipal rights in the Brownsville and Holley areas
and to replace groundwater supplies at Halsey. The annual need by the
end of the study period is for about 1,500 acre-feet of storage to yield
1.3 mgd. First need for about 500 acre-feet will begin at the time of
assumed project completion (1975) when summer demands are expected to
exceed water rights and when transmission and treatment facilities at
Halsey could be completed for operation.
-------
VIII. WATER QUALITY CONTROL
A. Ne:_ed_£or Cont:ro 1
. T
Surface waters in the Calapooia and Willamette River Basins
are used for municipal and industrial water supply, resident ond
anadromous fishery, recreation, navigation, irrigation, power and
4
disposal of municipal and industrial waste.
1. Municipal and Industrial
As discussed in the preceding chapter, both the existing and
potential supplies in Calapooia Basin rely heavily on surface water.
No use is made of Willamette River below the mouth of Calapooia River
for M&I supply; and no appreciable use is expected within the period of
this study.
2. Fishery
One of the outstanding uses of the Willamette River and its
tributaries is the production of anadromous fish for the sport and
commercial fisheries of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers and the
Pacific Ocean. Large populations of salmon and steelhead, highly prized
by sport anglers and commercial fishermen alike, make the Willamette
fishery of unique importance. It should also be noted that the Willa-
mette is a "nursery," providing many of the fish for the commercial
fishery in the ocean and the Columbia River. Moreover, the abundance
of fast-moving, sparkling clear streams in the headwater areas provides
an excellent habitat for the delicate salmonid species and an abundance
of fishing opportunities to the sportsman.
-------
VIII-2
Game and food fish found in the Willamette Basin are the
anadromo,us salmon (spring chinook, fall chinook, and coho), steelhead
trout, resident species of trout, and warm-water game fish. Sturgeon
and shad are also present downstream from Willamette Falls.
An inventory of spring chinook in the Willamette River is
available from counts made annually at Willamette Falls by the State
Fish Commission and from the annual sport fishery survey made jointly
by the State Fish and Game Commissions. The average annual run into
the Willamette during the period 1946-1964 was 51,000 fish. The average
escapement upstream past Willamette Falls was 36,100 fish, with an
additional 2,500 fish entering the Clackamas River. The difference
between the run and escapement (12,000 fish) is the sport catch. Accurate
estimates of coho and steelhead are not available, but their numbers
are not large at the present time.
Enhancement of the Calapooia and main stem Willamette fishery
is believed possible with improved passage facilities, controlled water
quality and increased minimum stream flows. Potential fish runs possible
under controlled conditions are estimated as follows: spring chinook—
65,000, fall chinook—90,000, coho--90,000, steelhead—40,000. The
t
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries estimates the gross value of these fish
to be nearly $4 million annually, three-fourths of which is attributable
to commercial fishing.
-------
VIII-3
3. Recreation and Aesthetics
Recreation development has been largely concentrated near
headwater areas, distant from population centers of the valley. However,
if the current trends of increased income and leisure time continue,
there will be growing pressure for broader recreational use of the
Willamette River itself, which is the water recreational resource nearest
the basin's populations. There are riverside park developments in most
of the communities along the banks of the Willamette; most have boat
launching facilities; and each has supported measures to improve the
quality of local waters through waste treatment. Current plans of
Willamette Basin communities include expansion of river parks at Eugene,
Corvallis, Albany, Salem, and Portland.
The Willamette River passes by, or through, every major com-
munity in the basin. More than a million persons, two-thirds of
Oregon's population, lived in the Willamette Basin in 1960, and over
half of these in a dozen communities on the banks of the Willamette.
The use of water for recreation and as a scenic adjunct to dwelling
sites is a significant manifestation of public appreciation of attractive
waterbodies. As in development of recreational facilities, there is a
trend toward more complete utilization of the river in community
environment. The beauty of the physical environment is being recognized
locally and nationally as important to community feeling, productivity
and personal satisfaction.
4. Irrigation
In 1964, about 200,000 acres were being irrigated in Willamette
Basin; by 1985, irrigated land is projected to be about 350,000 acres;
-------
VIII-4
and by 2010, irrigated land may be as high as 750,000 acres. Based
on the 1964 crop distribution, the gross water aiverted for irrigation
vas 2.56 acre-feet per acre. Applying this factor, the total water
diverted for irrigation in the Willamette Basin may be estimated as
follows: 1960—512,000 acre-feet; 1985—896,000 acre-feet; and 2010—
1,920,000 acre-feet. The impact of irrigation water return flows is
not expected to be significant in most areas of the basin.
B. Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural Pollution
Present and potential municipal and industrial waste discharges
to main stem Calapooia and Willamette Rivers are major considerations
in establishing needs for flow regulation for water quality control
in the proposed Calapooia River Project. Water pollution measured
in terms of organic waste demands on the dissolved oxygen (DO)
resource of stream waters and DO requirements for maintenance of an
adequate environment for fish and other aquatic life dictate the .
level of control required. As indicated in Chapter V, Portland
harbor is the only section along the main stem Willamette River where
significant DO depletions have occurred and where a need for greater
control of water quality is indicated.
Agricultural pollution in Willamette Basin is recognized mainly
as a bacteriological problem, reducible by restrictions on animal
feed lots and grazing areas. Control of bacterial pollution by flow
regulation is neither practical nor effective. Irrigation return
flows, although minimal, carry soil minerals, fertilizers, pesticides,
etc. to surface streams.
-------
. VIII-5
1. Present Waste Loads
In Calapooia Basin, the community of Brownsville is the
largest single source of municipal and industrial waste. Municipal
waste in this area is collected and treated by lagoon stabilization.
The total daily load to Calapooia River in this area, including
t>
industrial particle board plant waste, is estimated to be 220 PE.
Major loading points along the Willamette River study
area exist at Albany, Salem, Newberg, Oregon City and Portland.
Tributary streams contributing residual loadings to main stem
Willamette are Luckiamute and Santiam Rivers, Rickreall Creek and
Yamhill,- Molalla, Tualatin and Clackamas Rivers. Table VIII-1
summarizes for 1964 the direct and indirect or residual loads (total
of 737,000 PE) received in the Willamette River downstream from
the Calapooia River. An inventory of major waste sources in the
entire Willamette Basin is given in Table 9 of the Appendix.
Of the total waste produced in 1964, approximately 18
percent was derived from municipal sources and approximately 82
percent from industries. Pulp and paper mills located throughout •
the basin contribute a substantial portion (8170) of the total
industrial load. Food processing plants add another 15 percent,
and the balance is produced by a diversity of manufacturing and
service industries.
2. Future Waste Loads
Future waste load projections are based on the economic
forecasts presented in Chapter VI. Tables VI1I-1 and ^ respectively,
-------
VIII-6
TABLE VIII-1
PRESENT AND PROJECTED M&I WASTE LOADS
WILLAMETTE RIVER MAINSTEH, OREGON
Service Area
Willamette River
Albany
Total
Luckiamute River
Total Residual. . . .
Santiam River
Total Residual. . . .
Independence
Municipal
Industrial
Total
Rickreall Creek
Total Residual. . . .
Salem
Industrial
Total
Yamhill River
Total Residual. . . .
Newberg
Total . .
Molalla River
Total Residual. . . .
Canby
Tualatin River
Total Residual. . . .
Population Equivalents (PE)
' 1964
57,000
2,400
27,290
29,690
. 1,700
49,000
1,020
90
1,110
500
12,730
1-69,800
....... 182,530
, 2,600
670
116,330
, 117,000
1,900
360
3,100
(continued, next page)
1985
147,000
7,680
40,460
48,140
1,700
7.7,000
2,810
140
2,950
500
33,450
338,850
372,300.
5,200
3,200
246,820
250,020
3,800
1,310
11,600
2010
214,000
11,100
48,040
59,140
1,700
60,500
4,000
120
4,120
500
45,300
396,900
442,200
' 5,400
4,750
275,100
279,850
4,200
1,750
16,000
-------
VIII-7
TABLE VIII-1 (continued)
PRESENT AND PROJECTED M&I WASTE LOADS
WILLAMETTE RIVER MAINSTEM, OREGON
Service Area Population Equivalents (PE)
1964 1985 2010
Oregon City
Municipal •. 2,930 13,050 17,320
Industrial 309,000 375,900 275,200
Total 311,930 388,950 292,520
*
Clackamas River
Portland Urban Area-
Total
SERVICE AREA TOTALS
Municipal. ........
. . . . 4,650
. . . . 19,200
. . . . 23,850
. . . . 24,760
. . . . 641,710
25,200
0
25,200
86,700
1,002,170
34,200
0
34,200
118,420
995,360
SUBTOTAL 666,470 1,088,870 1,113,780
TRIBUTARIES 127,600 258,600 314,100
GRAND TOTAL 794,070 1,347,470 1,427,880
— Major portion treated and discharged to Columbia River
TABLE VIII-2
PROJECTED M&I WASTE LOADS
CALAPOOIA RIVER, OREGON
Service Area
Holley-Crawfordsville— .....
TOTALS
Population Equivalents (PE)
1985
. . 200
. . 600
. . 800
2010
200
1 . 100
1,300
—Assumed installation of collection and treatment facilities by 1985,
-------
VIII-8
show the combined municipal and industrial loading expected along
the Willamette and Calapooia Rivers for the years 1985 and 2010.
•»
The loadings shown assume provisions for adequate treatment conforming
with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 466 et seq.),
which provides that the inclusion of storage for regulation of
4*
streamflow for the purpose of water quality control shall not be
provided as a substitute for adequate treatment or other means of
controlling waste at the sources.
Adequate treatment is considered by the Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration to mean effective waste collection
and secondary treatment for domestic wastes and equivalent reduction
of industrial waste loads by a combination of process control,
internal waste savings, water reuse and effluent treatment. At
the present time, efficiently operated trickling filter plants,
widely used in intermediate sized communities, are considered capable
of 80 to 90 percent BOD removal while the activated sludge process
is considered capable of 85 to 95 percent removal. Because of the
problems of efficient operation to maintain such high removals,
the effect of diurnal fluctuations in waste loads, the lags experi-
enced in plant construction to provide for the growth in waste loads,
and the uncollectible wastes associated with urban storm water and/
or combined sewer overflows, it is deemed reasonable at this time
to expect an overall equivalent of 85 percent BOD removal in a well
operated sewage collection and treatment system. In this study area,
-------
VIII-9
where the largest waste loads are from the pulp and paper industry
and ^here barging, lagooning and land disposal of waste is practiced,
it is believed that BOD reductions of 85 and 90 percent with respect
to the stream are feasible for the years 1985 and 2010, respective-
ly^, and have been used for design purposes in this report,
C • Water Quali ty Objectives
Water quality control evaluations consider primarily those
water quality and pollution control problems which can be improved
or maintained by streamflow regulation. For the Calapooia and
Willamette Rivers these include dissolved oxygen, temperature, and
nuisance aquatic growths, and are associated with maintenance of
fish life, water recreation, and aesthetic environment. Water
quality objectives have been developed for the various uses based
on the following indicators.
* • Piss ol vd
The dissolved oxygen (DO) objective for Calapooia and
Willamette Rivers is delimited by anadromous fishery requirements —
the use requiring the highest DO level. Other uses served at this
level are recreation and aesthetic conditions.
Calapooia River above Butte Creek (R.M. 19.8) provides
spawning and rearing habitat for salmon and steelhead requiring DO
levels of no less than 7 mg/1. Below Butte Creek, the Calapooia
River is sluggish and unsuited for fish spawning and rearing, thus
this reach requires a minimum DO objective of 5 mg/1 to assure
satisfactory fish passage.
-------
VIII-10
Since the Willamette River main stem above Oregon City
is used at all times of the year for salmon and steelhead spawning,
rearing and migration, a minimum DO objective of no less than 7 mg/1
must be maintained throughout the year. Below Willamette Falls at
Oregon City, and through Portland harbor, a minimum of 5 mg/1 is
'i;
required to assure adequate fish passage.
2. Temperature
Temperature requirements for the Calapooia and Willamette
Rivers are governed mainly by the anadromous fishery. Recreation
and general stream conditions also benefit from cooler water temper-
atures. Maximum temperatures should not exceed 70°F during summer
months to facilitate fish migration, holding and rearing, and by
mid-September, temperatures should not exceed 57°F to obtain optimum
egg survival.
Maintenance of optimum temperature and DO levels by
selected releases from storage at the Holley site would be expected
to enhance the anadromous fish habitat, particularly in that reach
of Calapooia River downstream to about Brownsville.
3. Bacteria
Coliform bacterial objectives for recreation and water
supply use are 1,000 MPN and 5,000 MPN, respectively. Municipal and
industrial (sanitary) waste treatment, including disinfection, and
controls at animal feed lots and grazing areas are required to
reduce bacterial concentrations.
-------
VIII-11
D. Evaluation of Flow Regulation^ Requirements
Maintenance of adequate minimum streamflows for control of water
i
quality in Calapooia and Willamette Rivers will insure that economic
values associated with water-oriented uses and activities will
continue and have an opportunity to grow in the future without
**
flow regulation. Waste treatment technology as now known and prac-
ticed will not in itself maintain water quality objectives in
downstream areas of Willamette River and Portland harbor. With
respect to Calapooia River quality, the 20 cfs base flow reserved
by the Oregon Water Resources Board for stream conservation will
adequately protect water quality over the projection period of this
study.
1. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
DO-flow relationships computed by use of oxygen balance
techniques for present and projected waste loading conditions along
Calapooia River and for Portland harbor a.re shown in Figure 6. A
projected minimum need for 15 cfs in the Calapooia River at Browns-
ville and downstream during months of greatest loading (July-August—
2010) is indicated. This flow compared with the flows for design
one-in-ten year low monthly flow (46 cfs) (Table VII1-3), indicates
that more than adequate streamflow (with adequate waste treatment) is
available to meet Calapooia River dissolved oxygen objectives of
7 tng/1 above Butte Creek and 5 mg/1 below. According to this
evaluation, therefore, a draft-on-storage (incremental increase
over and above inflows) from Holley Reservoir for control of water
-------
VIII-12
quality in Calapooia River docs not appear needed during the study
period.
•^
Data shown in Table VII1-4 for Portland Harbor indicates
that control of water quality in Portland harbor by the years 1985
and 2010 will require a total minimum average flow of 8,930 cfs
£•
and 9,280 cfs respectively during low flow periods (July through
September) to assimilate treated wastes projected for those years.
To obtain this flow and meet fish passage and other use objectives
on a 90 percent annual achievement probability basis, an annual
draft-on-storage of 623,000 acre-feet by 1985 and 690,000 acre-
feet by the year 2010 will be needed. Without this regulation,
adequate waste treatment to 85 percent by 1985 and to 90 percent
efficiency by 2010 would control minimum DO levels to about 2 mg/1
thus allowing little margin for diurnal fluctuations in waste loads,
efficiency of plant operation, benthic demands, and effects of
extreme drought. With the needed regulation indicated above, DO
objective levels would not be significantly reduced on a o'ne-in-
twenty-year low flow recurrence interval.
2. Temperature
A preliminary study was undertaken on the Calapooia River
to determine the probable thermal effects of the proposed Holley
Reservoir. Possible reservoir release temperatures were determined
using preliminary energy budget and water budget analyses. The
maximum temperatures of proposed reservoir releases were determined
at Brownsville, a point about 13 miles below the dam. In determining
-------
8-
7-
6-
en
E
Cj
0
0
en
E
8-
7-
6-
5-
.E **~
Cj
3-
2-
I-
Colopooia River
Below Drownsville
5
10
FLOW, CFS
15
20
Portland Hoi-bor
10,000
FLOW,
20,000
30,000
40,000
CFS
Note:
Required Flows Arc Based On
Waste Treatment Efficiency
Of 90% BOO Removal.
WATER SUPPLY a WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
HOLLEY RESERVOIR PROJECT
CALAPOOIA R.VZR QAS1N, OREGON
DO-FLOY/ RELATIONSHIPS
YEAR 2010
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
REGION IX tOATE I2/G01
PORTLAND,
-------
VIII-14
TABLE VIII-3
"REQUIRED STREAM FLOW REGIMEN FOR CONTROL OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN!'
CAIAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
. November
December
Design Low
Base Flow?/
(cfs)
719
811
640
499
326
164
80
46
51
169
550
806
Required Streamflow
(cfs)
5
7
8
10
12
13
15
15
14
11
8
6
i' Based on adequate treatment of organic wastes discharged to
stream in year 2010,
£' One-in-ten year low flow recurrence interval.
-------
VIII-15
TABLE VIII-4
REQUIRED STREAMFLOW REGIMEN FOR WATER QUALITY CONTROL
WILLAMETTE RIVER AT PORTLAND, OREGON U
b
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total, ac-ft
Base
Flow
(cfs)
36,240
34,090
26,970
22,020
17,800
10,390
5,260
4,760
6,590
9,660
24,780
32,490
Required Strearaflow
(cfs)
1985
4,810
4,790
5,050
5,671
7,395
7,942
9,418
9,312
8,061
6,770
5,316
4,386
2010
4,924
4,902
5,223
5,854
7,614
8,182
9,615
9,572
8,643
7,003
5,553
4,571
Required Annual
Draf t-on-Stroagel'
(acre-feet)
1985
0
0
0
0
0
0
255,800
280,000
87,500
0
0
0
623,300
2010
0
0
0
0
0
0
268,000
296,000
126,300
0
0
0
690,300
£.' DO Objective: 5 rag/1
-------
VIII-16
reservoir release temperatures, it was assumed that selector gates
would be adopted. Results of the study are summarized in Table VIII-5,
TABLE VIII-5
REGULATION OF PROPOSED I10LLEY RESERVOIR
FOR DOWNSTREAM TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Dam Site
Proposed
Natural Mean Mean Monthly Reservoir
Month
May
June
July
August
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Monthly Disch. Water
(cfs) (°F
375
190
75
40
45
195
625
DATA SOURCE: U.
U.
52
58
66
66
59
50
45
S. Geological
S. Army Corps
Temp. Release
) (cfs)
321
483
658
556
337
132
132
Survey and
of Engineers
Schedule
Releases
Est. Temp.
50
60
60
60
60
55
50
Probable Max.
Stream Temp.@
Brownsville
<°F>
55
65
70
70
65
60
50
-------
IX. BENEFITS
""A. Water Supply - Municipal and Industrial (M&I)
As described in Chapter VII, a future need for storage for
municipal and industrial supply exists in the Calapooia and adjacent
Halsey area. The need by the end of the study period is for annual
storage in Holley Reservoir (1,500 acre-feet) to yield the 1.3
mgd supplemental requirement or about 57 percent of the total
expected demand (2,26 mgd). First need for about 500 acre-feet will
begin approximately at the time of assumed project completion in
1975.
The value of storage for M&I water supply is considered equal
to the cost of single-purpose development that would be incurred in
obtaining the needed supply in the absence of Holley Reservoir
Project. The most likely alternative storage sites available to
serve the Brownsville-Halsey and the Holley areas are, respectively,
on Cochran Creek about two and a half miles north of Brownsville,
and on an unnamed'tributary just north of Holley. Based on the
total capital cost ($750,000) of these alternatives amortized over
a 100-year period at 3.125 percent interest, the annual value of
1,500 acre-feet of storage in the project including annual operation
and maintenance expenses ($3,900) is estimated to be $28,500.
B. Water Quality Control
Benefits can be assigned to releases from Federal storage for
regulation of streamflow for water quality control only after a
reasonable degree of treatment or control of waste at the source is
-------
IX-2
provided. In this instance, waste treatment or oi~her controls at
the source would not in itself meet the quality goals described in
Chapter VIII.
Storage releases for control of water quality in Portland
harbor and for enhanced stream'temperatures in Calapooia River
would produce economic benefits in terms of enhanced fish and
wildlife production, improved recreational opportunities and public
health, and aesthetic safeguards. The beneficiaries of this control
are distributed widely throughout the Willamette River Basin, the
State of Oregon, and the Pacific Northwest and cannot, therefore, be
specifically identified. Riparian owners, a potential population of
nearly 2 million persons, recreation, and fishery activities associ-
ated with anadromous fish runs (averaging more than 50,000 annually)
would be the major recipients of the benefits of this control.
The precise monetary value of the benefit assignable to storage
in Willamette Basin projects for water quality control is not in
this instance readily measurable. The minimum value of the benefit
assignable to an annual draft-on-storage in Holley Reservoir and/or
additional reservoirs that may be required to meet water quality
objectives in Portland harbor is, however, considered at least equal
to the cost of achieving the same level of water quality by alter-
native means in the absence of the project or projects.
For purposes of this report, flow regulation benefits were
analyzed on the basis of alternative single-purpose storage and
advanced waste treatment costs. Waste disposal underground, holding
-------
IX-3
of waste for discharge during periods of high stream flow, waste
transport downstream and restriction of future development were
not considered to be either adequate or equivalent alternatives to
the control that could be accomplished by flow regulation.
Compared to single-purpose storage (Plans A and B prepared by
the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers) advanced waste treatment was
found to be the cheapest alternative to flow regulation for water
quality control. The estimated annual equivalent advanced waste
treatment cost per acre-foot was found to be $3.98 compared to $9.90
for least-cost single-purpose storage.
Based on this alternative cost analysis, the minimum value of
the widespread water quality control benefit assignable to storage
for water quality control is $3.98 per acre-foot. Multiplied by 690,000
acre-feet--the total storage required by the year 2010—the annual
benefit on a 100-year basis is $2,750,000 (rounded).
Specific storage releases from Holley Reservoir resulting in
improved minimum flows in Portland harbor would have an annual
vorth of $3.98 per acre-foot. Water quality benefits associated
with releases for temperature control and flow stabilization in
Calapooia River would be at least equal to the value of the enhanced
fishery. This latter value will be calculated by the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service.
In planning for additional water resource development in Cala-
pooia and Willamette River Basin areas, consideration should be
given to preserving the excellent quality of water in upper basin
-------
IX-4
tributary streams and to maintaining sufficient quality in lower
river areas to permit reasonable use for fish passage and rearing,
recreation, and general aesthetic enjoyment. Maintenance of water
quality objectives for fish migration and propagation would assure
continued multiple use of the waters and would necessitate continued
updating of waste treatment facilities, improved land and water
management practices, and ultimate annual storage releases over
and above present authorized development of 690,000 acre-feet for
control of water quality in Portland harbor.
After the project is in operation, a system of water quality
and waste monitoring and stream flow forecasting will be needed in
order to fully utilize flow regulation for water quality control.
Maintenance of water quality in Calapooia River without flow
regulation is predicated on the release of water which is relatively
uniform in quality from Holley Reservoir. Thermal stratification
and reduced dissolved oxygen in lower levels of the reservoir can be
expected. Multi-gated outlets providing flexibility of releases
by depth should, therefore, be considered in the design of Holley
Dam.
-------
X. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Upper Willamette Resource Conservation and Development
Project Prgpram. Preparation assisted by the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
Portland, Oregon, December 1964, 54 pp.
&2. State Water Resources Board, Middle Willamette River Basin
Salem, Oregon, June 1963, 138 pp.
3. State Water Resources Board, Middle Willamette Basin.Wa_ter_
Rights Summary, Salem, Oregon, March 1962, 124 pp.
4. State Water Resources Board, Water Quality Data Inventory
Salem, Oregon, Bulletin No. 1, 128 pp.
5. State Water Resources Board, Program for the Use and
Control of the Water Resources of the Middle Willamette
River Basin, Salem, Oregon, June 22, 1964, 18 pp.
6. State College, Engineering Experiment Station, The^Fishes
of the Willamette River System in Relation to Pollution
by R. E. Dimick and Fred Merryfield, Corvallis, Oregon,
Bulletin No. 20, 1945, 58 pp.
7. U. S. Geological Survey, Ground-water Resources of the
Willamette Valley, Oregon, WSP #890, by A. M, Piper,
1942.
8. Portland District, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Report
on Sedimentation, Willamette River Basin, Oregon
December 1948 - July 1951, 17 pp. w/ 185 charts.
9. U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Region I, Boise, Idaho,
Monmouth-Dallas Project, Oregon, December 1962, 45 pp.
-------
APPENDIX
-------
'APPENDIX
TABLE 1
RECORDED STREAMFLOW DATA
CALAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
A-l
HOLLEY
ALBANY
Station No.
Elevation, Ft.
Drainage Area, Sq. Mi.
Record
Average Discharge, cfs
Average Discharge> acre-feet
Maximum Day, cfs
Minimum Day, cfs
Regulation above Station
Diversions above Station
14-1720
527.58
105
Sept 1935-Sept 1963
448
323,600
12,200
Dec 28,'45
13
Sept 8,'40
None
None
14'-1735
180.85
372
Oct 1940-Sept 1963
930
673,300
32,700
Dec 22,'55
4
Oct 7,'52
None
Approx 2700 acres
irrigated
Source: U. S. Geological Survey - Water Supply Papers
-------
APPENDIX
A-2
TABLE 2
RECORDED STREAMFLOW DATA AT SALEM
. WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN, OREGON
Station Number 14-1910
Elevation, Feet 106.14
Drainage Area, Square Miles .... 7,280
Record October 1909 - December 1916
January 1923 - September 1963
Average Discharge, cfs 23,350
Average Discharge, Acre-Feet. . . . 16,900,000
Maximum Day, cfs 500,000
Dec. 4, 1861
Minimum Day, cfs. . 2,470
August 27, 1940
Regulation Above Station; Since 1941 by Fern Ridge Reservoir
Since 1942 by Cottage Grove Reservoir
Since 1949 by Dorena Reservoir
Since 1953 by Lookout Point and
Detroit Reservoirs
Since 1961 by Hills Creek Reservoir
Since 1963 by Smith River Reservoir
Diversions Above Station: Many small diversions for irrigation.
Part of North Santiam River flow is
diverted to Mill Creek and returns
to river below station.
SOURCE: U. S. Geological Survey, Water Supply Papers
-------
APPENDIX
TABLE 3
MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS AT VARIOUS RECURRENCE FREQUENCIES'
CALAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
(cfs)
HOLLEY!/
MONTH
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jiean
RECURRENCE INTERVAL
5 " 10 20
620
700
553
430
282
142
57
32
34
146
474
696
347
519
585
461
361
236
119
47
26
29
122
396
581
290
438
494
390
304
199
100
40
22
24
104
335
491
245
, YEARS
30
400
452
356
278
182
92
36
20
22
94
306
449
224
BROWNSVILLE!./
RECURRENCE INTERVAL, YEARS
5 10 20
862
973
768
599
392
197
96
' 55
61
203
660
968
486
719
811
640
499
326
164
80
46
51
169
550
806
405
610
689
544
424
277
140
68
39
43
144
467
685
344
ALBANY3/
RECURRENCE INTERVAL, YEARS
5 10 20
1266
1345
945
605
367
144
" 56
26
29
158
709
1220
680
1080
1148
806
516
313
122
48
22
24
135
605
1040
580
932
989
695
445
270
106
41
19
21
116
521
897
500
I/ Natural Runoff
2/ Estimated — Adjusted for Irrigation Diversions
3_/ Not Adjusted for Diversions
-------
APPENDIX
A-4
TABLE 4
MEAN MONTHLY LOW FLOWS AT VARIOUS RECURRENCE FREQUENCIES
WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN, OREGON
(cfs)
Month
SALEM
Recurrence Interval, Years
5 10 20
PORTLAND HARBOR
Recurrence Interval, Years
5 10 20
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Mean
27,800
23,150
19,500
15,000
12,930
8,100
4,200
4,170
6,260
8,310
19,070
24,000
24,400
20,300
17,100
13,160
11,340
7,110
3,690
3,660
5,490
7,300
16,730
21,070
22,700
18,900
15,900
12,240
10,540
6,620
3,430
3,400
5,110
6,780
15,560
19,600 '
41,720
39,410
31,050
25,300
20,370
11,890
6,010
5,430
7,520
11,030
28,500
37,360
36,240
34,090
26,970
22,020
17,800
10,390
5,260
4,760
6,590
9,660
24,780
32,490
32,870
30,750
24,460
19,930
16,220
9,490
4,820
4,350
6,090
8,850
22,530
29,460
16,300 14,300 13,300 24,130 21,000 19,100
NOTE: These frequencies were developed from flow data adjusted for
regulation by all Corps of Engineer storage projects now
operating, under construction, or authorized for construction.
-------
APPENDIX
TABLE' 5
SURFACE WATER QUALITY AT ALBANY
CALAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
Date
Time
Analysis by
Temp. °F
pH
DO, mg/1
% Sat.
BOD5, mg/1
MPN
Fecal Coli
Strep MF
Flow, cfs
7/30/57
-
SSA
71.5
6.9
8.4
95
0.7
2400
-
-
59
8/6/57
-
SSA
68
7.2
8.4
92
0.4
2300
- '
-
56
8/13/57
-
SSA
70.5
7.2
8.5
95
0.4
620
-
60
8/20/57
-
SSA
70
7.2
7.8
87
0.3
2400
-
-
43
8/27/57 9/3/57
- -
SSA SSA
70
7.3
8.9 8.5
- ' 95
1.0 0.1
620 2400
-
-
30 21
8/8/62
0915
PHS
64
7.6
8.8
92
0.5
4100
500
96
70
8/21/62
1000
PHS
60.
7.7
8.1
. 89
0.7
2900
500
280
40
9/12/62
0845
PHS .
60.5
7.5
8.8
89
0.6
1030
100
140
42
Note: SSA - Oregon State Sanitary Authority
•PHS - U. S. Public Health Service
-------
APPENDIX
A-6
TABLE "6
MINERAL CONTENT OF MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES
LIMN COUNTY, OREGON
Brownsville Halsey
3-16-1961 6-15-1961
Analysis Parts Per Million Parts Per Million
Color
Turbidity
PH
Alkalinity Bicarbonate
Carbon Dioxide
Aluminum
Ammoni.a Nitrogen
Calcium
Chloride
Fluoride
Hardness
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Phosphates
Potassium
Silicon
Sodium
Sulfates
Total Solids
Volatile Solids
Nitrates
Nitrites
Conductance (me mho/cm)
2.0 .
51.0 -'
7.10
54.0
9.0
0.12
0.31
12.3
11.3
<:o.i
55.4
0.68
6.0
0.10
<0.01
0.3
13.0
6.2
5.6
134.0
26.0
0.20
0.048
104.0
1.0
4.0
6.80
164.0
45.0
<0,05
0.16
160.0
423.0
0.1
730.0
<0.05
84.5
0.35
0.28
3.9
45.5
104.0
1.8
1210.0
338.0
2.7
0.007
1700.0
a/ sample highly turbid due to heavy red precipitate indicating
~~ iron-manganese oxide
Source: Oregon State Board of Health
-------
APPENDIX
TABLE 7
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
WILLAMETTE RIVER MAINSTEM, OREGON
(milligrams per liter)
Location
&
Date
ALBANY
8/17/65
SALEM
10/1-10/61
1/1-15/62
4/6-15/62
7/1-14/62
8/17/65
NEWBERG
8/17/65
OREGON CITY
11/29/60
8/17/65
Flow
at Salem
(cfs)
— -
7,081
39,050
38,650
7,255
—
•mmm
Temp. S
71.5
59
45
50
65 •
--
70
(above Willamette
75,900
*•••
45.5-
69
ulfate
0.5
3.0
3.2
2.8
3.6
1
2
Falls)
. 9
.1
Chloride
2
3.5
2.0
1.5
2.5
3
5
*
3
3
Dissolved
Nitrate Solids
0.24
0,5
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.3
. 0.45
0.09
0.47
96
55
51
53
51
63
74
131
78
Alkalinity. Specif ic
Hardness as .Conduct. pH
(Ca^CO-O ' CaC03 £/
24
22
17
15
22
26
22
17
29
22
--
--
--
--
19
24
15
19
69
67
52
46
63
82
46
76
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.7
7.2
^ "™ "™
7.0
6.8
6.9
Source
k/
OSSA
USGS
USGS
USGS
USGS
OSSA
OSSA
OSSA
OSSA
PORTLAND HARBOR
11/29/60
11/27/60
9/7/62
9/4/63
8/26/64
8/17/65
75,900
24,700
5,900
6,220
6,700
4,900
44.5
43
6 7. 5
69 ?
70.5
68
—
2
7
7
*6
2'
—
4.
6
13
3
6
...
0.31
—-
-_-
—
0.47
—
64
80
75
51
72
._
22
52
38
28
31
_-.
23
32
30
26
18
46
52
—
--
66
98
6.8
6.9
6.8
...
6.6
6.6
OSSA
OSSA
PHS*
PHS*
PHS*
OSSA
a/ micromlios per centimeter
b/ SOURCE: U.S.Geological Survey (USGS); Oregon State Sanitary Authority (OSSA); Public Health Service (PHS),
"5 Note: Effective 1/1/66 PHS organization's name changed to Federal Water Pollution Control Adm. (FWPCA).
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APPENDIX
A-8
TABLE 8
GROUND WATER QUALITY AT ALBANY
CALAPOOIA RIVER BASIN, OREGON
Depth, Ft.
Date of Sample
Temperature F
TDS, ppm
Silica (si02> ppm
Iron (Fe) ppm
Calcium (Ca) ppm
Magnesium (Mg) ppm
Sodium (Na) ppm
Potassium (K) ppm
Bicarbonate (HCO^) ppm
Sulphate (SO^) ppm
Chloride (Cl) ppm
Nitrate (No3) ppm
Total Hardness as Ca C03, ppm
Percent Sodium
' Well #490
295
10-12-28
54
4967
15
1.03
324
62
1450
14
100
119
2956
,0.0
1064
74.9
Well #494-498
41
10-12-28
-
116
38
0.05
12
6.9
5.7
1.6
71
4.4
2.4
6.7
58
19.8
Well #490: Albany, 5k miles S.W. of; at about river mile 10 on
Calapooia River.
Well #494-498: Albany, 3 miles N.E. of; north of Calapooia Basin
and about 2 miles west of Willamette River.
Source: U. S. Geological Survey, WSP 890
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