RESEARCH   TRIANGLE   INSTITUTE
     July 1986                                               RTI/2270/03-01F
            PESTICIDE USAGE SURVEY OF HORTICULTURAL SPECIALTIES PRODUCERS
                                         by

                                   Robert M. Lucas
                                Frederick W. Immerman
                                         and
                                  Shelton M. Jones
                             Research Triangle Institute
                          Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
                               Contract No. 68-01-6646
                            Task Manager:  Edward Brandt
                           Project Officer:  Edward Brandt
                              Economic Analysis Branch
                              Benefits and Use Division
                            Office of Pesticide Programs
                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  401 M Street, SW
                                Washington, DC  20460


POST OFFICE BOX  12194  RESEARCH  TRIANGLE PARK,  N0RTHCAR0LINA  27709

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                      Disclaimer
This report was prepared under  contract to an agency of
the United States Government.   Neither the United States
Government  nor  any   of  Its  employees,  contractors,
subcontractors, or their  employees  makes any warranty,
expressed or Implied, or  assumes any legal liability or
responsibility for any third  party's use or the results
of such use of  any  information, apparatus, product, or
process disclosed in this report, or represents that its
use by such third party  would not Infringe on privately
owned rights.

Publication  of  the  data  in  this  document  does not
signify that the contents  necessarily reflect the joint
or  separate  views  and  policies  of  each  sponsoring
agency.  Mention of  trade  names or commercial products
does not  constitute  endorsement  or recommendation for
use.

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                              ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

    The  authors  wish  to  thank  and  acknowledge  the  many  persons who
contributed to the success of this  project:   the employees of the American
Association of Retired Persons, under  the  guidance of Ms. Norma Gillette,
for  their  essential  contributions   to   planning  and  data  collection
activities; Mr. Ray Brush  of  the  American  Association of Nurserymen for
sharing his expert knowledge in  planning  the study and review of results;
Mr. Edwin  0.  Schneider  for  his  assistance  in  resolving problems with
identifying products and active Ingredients;  Ms. Linda Zarow and Mr. Edward
Brandt of the  U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency  for their continued
support and patience throughout the conduct  of the study; and staff of the
many horticultural establishments  whose  cooperation  was  critical to the
success of this study.
    The authors also thank their  many colleagues, too numerous to mention,
who contributed to this report.

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                             Table of Contents
                                                                     Page
1.   INTRODUCTION	      1
    1.1  Purpose	      1
    1.2  Overview and Limitations	      1
2.   SUMMARY OF RESULTS	     10
    2.1  Overvl ew	     10
    2.2  Summary of Pesticide Usage	     11
    2.3  Summary of Report Pest	     17
    2.4  Summary of Nursery Industry Characteristics	     17
REFERENCES	     45
APPENDIX A:  Survey Design and Statistical Analysis	    A-l
APPENDIX B:  National Nursery Pesticide Usage Survey
             Questlonnal re	    B-l
APPENDIX C:  User File Documentation	    C-l
APPENDIX D:  Supplementary Pesticide Usage Information	    D-l
                                     11

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                              List of Tables
Table                                                                Page
 1.1     Comparison of Horticultural Establishments (HEs)	      4
 1.2     Summary of 1979 Census Counts and Survey Estimates	      6
 2.1     Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient	     14
 2.2     Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient and Class	     15
 2.3     Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient,  Class,  and Census
         Region	     18
 2.4     Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient,  Class and
         Horticultural Site	     20
 2.5     Pesticide Usage and Number of Horticultural Establishments
         (HEs) by Size	     22
 2.6     Pesticide Usage and Number of Horticultural Establishments
         (HEs) by Size and Census Region	    23
 2.7     Pesticide Usage and Number of Horticultural Establishments
         (HEs) by Size and Site	    24
 2.8     Frequency of Reported Target Pest by Horticultural Site..    25
 2.9     Frequency of Reported Target Pest by and Census Region...    26
 2.10    Frequency of Reported Target Pest by Horticultural Site
         and Census Region	    27
 2.11    Number of Horticultural  Establishments (HEs)  by Reported
         Target Pest and Active Ingredient	    29
 2.12    Estimated Distribution of Horticultural Establishments
         (HEs) by Type of Production/Activity	    31
 2.13    Estimated Distribution of Horticultural Establishments
         (HEs) by Number of Locations	    33
 2.14    Number and Percent of Horticultural Establishments (HEs)
         Using Chemical Pesticides by Census Region and Type of
         Production/Activity	    34
 2.15    Number and Percent of Horticultural Establishments (HEs)
         Applying Chemical Pesticides (Not Solely Using Contractors)
         by Census Region and Type of Production/Activity	    35
 2.16    Number of Horticultural  Establishments (HEs)  Reporting
         Side Effects Associated  with Pesticide Use	    36
                                    111

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                              List of Tables
                                (continued)

Table                                                                Page

 2.17    Number of Horticultural Establishments (HEs) Reporting
         Side Effects by Pesticide Product	    37

 2.18    Number of Horticultural Establishments (HEs) by Amount
         Spent on Pesticide Purchases	    39

 2.19    Number and Percent of Horticultural Establishments (HEs)
         with Employees Certified to Apply Pesticides by Census
         Region and Type of Production/Activity	    40

 2.20    Number and Percent of Horticultural Establishments (HEs)
         Using Chemical and/or Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
         Methods	    41

 2.21    Number of Pest Problems and Associated Dollar Loss by
         Type of Pest	    42

 2.22    Pesticide Usage Compared to Previous Years	   43

 2.23    Number of Horticultural Establishments (HEs) That Used
         Records to Answer Product Usage Questions by Census
         Regi on	    44
                              List of Figures

Figure                                                               Page

  1      The Four Census Regions of the United States	    12
                                    1v

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                             1.   INTRODUCTION

1.1  Purpose
    The  Pesticide  Usage  Survey  of  Horticultural   Specialties Producers
(PUSHSP) is  one  of  several  nationwide  surveys  conducted  by  the U.S.
Environmental  Protection  Agency  (EPA)   to  accurately  collect  data  on
pesticide usage by various Industries and  at different sites.   The purpose
of the PUSHSP 1s to provide this quantitative pesticide usage data as Input
to EPA estimates of exposure, risks,  and  benefits.
    Horticultural    specialty    producing    establishments,     Including
greenhouses, were selected as one sector  for Investigation because they are
Important   consumers   of    pesticides    (e.g.,    1nsect1c1des/m1t1c1des,
fungicides, herbicides and nematlddes).   Also,  they have a great potential
for economic loss due to the  high  cost   value  of the stock and the close
environment 1n which the stock  are  grown, creating a situation attractive
to pests.
    The PUSHSP  Involved  a  cooperative   effort  by  the Research Triangle
Institute (RTI) and  the  American  Association  of Retired Persons (AARP).
RTI was responsible  for  survey  design,  sample selection,  automated data
processing, and  statistical  data  analysis.    AARP  was  responsible for
questionnaire  development,  "field   staff   hiring   and   training,  and
questionnaire administration.  Data collection took place during the summer
of 1983 and represents Information for 1982.
1.2  Overview and Limitations
    The target population  for  the  PUSHSP  consisted of all horticultural
establishments (HEs) in  the  48  coterminous  States  and  the District of
Columbia Involved in growing products  belonging to the 13 commodity groups
                                     1

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as defined in the  1979  Census  of  Horticulture  Specialtis [1],  with the
exception of cultivated mushrooms.   HEs  are  defined in the Census as any
operation  growing  and  selling  $2,000  or  more  worth  of horticultural
specialty products  annually.  Hence,  strictly  retail   businesses such as
retail nurseries that buy  plants  for  immediate resale were excluded from
the study.  Data was collected  from  574 HEs within 77  counties across the
48 coterminous States.    The  HEs  were  selected  using valid probability
sampling techniques that permit scientific extrapolation of the data to all
HEs in the sampled population.  The  data can then be used to make  national
and regional estimates for the  horticultural specialties industry  based on
characteristics recorded on the questionnaires.  A brief summary of how the
HEs were selected is given  below.    A  detailed description of the PUSHSP
survey design is given in Appendix A.
    The HEs were selected  in  two  stages.    Counties  (or groups  of small
counties) were used as the  primary  or first-stage units.  The first-stage
frame consisted of 3,062 county units.  The frame was partitioned into four
geographic  regions  coinciding   with   the   four  U.S.  Census  Regions:
Northeast, North Central, South, and  West.   Approximately an equal number
of counties were selected from each stratum with probabilities proportional
to the total sales of horticultural products.  The total sales were used as
a surrogate size measure  because  they  were  anticipated to be correlated
with pesticide usage.  Within  each  sample county, lists of establishments
possibly involved in horticultural  specialties production were constructed
using several sources.  The  sources  including  the Dun and Bradstreet DMI
computerized data  files,  the  American  Association  of  Nurserymen (AAN)
membership directory, and State 11 censure  and  dealer lists, were  known to
contain many firms that were not  eligible  for  the study.  The firms from

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these three sources were partitioned Into two groups:   likely eUglbles  and
possible (not likely) eUglbles.    AAN  members  were  assigned by their  AAN
roster codes.  Firms  on  the  Dun  and  Bradstreet DMI  file with Standard
Industrial  Classification (SIC) codes  0181,   0182, 0189,  0782,  0783,  5261,
5992, and 9999 were assigned on the basis of  SIC codes.  Firms on the  State
lists were assigned by Information on  the provided 11st.   Some State  lists
did not include sufficient Information to assign a firm to either group.
    A total of 1,172 business  establishments  were selected from among  the
79 counties  (2  counties  contained  no  eligible  HEs).    Screening  these
business  establishments  Identified   685   eligible   and  445  Ineligible
establishments.  The eligibility  of  26 establishments was not determined.
The remaining 16 establishments were found  to be duplications.   Of the  685
ellgibles,  574 HEs cooperated and  provided the majority of the Information
requested resulting 1n a response rate of 83.8 percent.  This response rate
compares favorably to  other  usage  surveys   and  should not substantially
affect the quality of the data.
    The sample was deliberately skewed  toward  larger firms to Improve  the
precision of estimates of total  pesticide  usage.   It was assumed that in
selecting the firms, their  gross  revenues  would be  positively correlated
with pesticide usage, thus  why  large  firms  were favored 1n the sampling
(see right most column, Table 1.1).  Skewing  the sample does not compromise
the statistical validity  In  this  case.    However,   the statistical data
summaries must properly Incorporate how the HEs were selected (see Appendix
A).  The statistical analysis reflects the reciprocals of their probability
of selection.  Generally, small firms  had larger weights than large firms.
Comparing the unweighted  and  weighted  percent  distribution by the  gross
revenue categories 1n Table 2-1 clearly Illustrates the effects of the

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                  Table 1.1.  Comparison of Horticultural EstabIishments (HEs)
Distribution by Survey Estimates
Dol lar
Category*
2,000 - 26,000
25,000 - 49,999
60,000 - 99,999
100,000 - 499,999
> 600,000
Total
Unclassified
Unwe i ghted
Samp 1 e
Size Percent
38 7.5
31 6.1
68 11.4
201 39.6
181 36.6
609 100.0
64
Weighted
Number
of HEs Percent
2,872 19.1
1,803 12.0
2,729 18.1
6,911 39.3
1,736 11.6
16,061 100.0
2,203
1979
Census Counts
Number
of HEs Percent
10,948 48.0
3, 196 14.3
2,892 12.9
4,060 18.2
1,261 6.6
22,347 100.0

Estimated
Usage Per
HE (pounds
AI)
72
17
135
139
938

320
'Dollar  categories  represent  total   gross   revenue    as    indicated  on  Question  29  of  the
questionnaire.   Gross  revenue  includes  horticultural  and   nonhorticuItura I   sales for survey
estimates.  The categories represent horticultural  sales  only  for the 1979 Census counts.

AI = active ingredient.

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weights on the estimates.    These  estimates  are  much less skewed toward
larger firms than the unweighted  estimates.    The weighted percent do not
agree  with  the  Census  counts  because  the  dollar  categories  are not
comparable.   The  Census  categories  are  for  horticultural   sales only.
Survey  categories   are   for   gross   revenue,    horticultural   and  non
horticultural sales.  This  has  the  effect  of promoting firms Into hlger
categories.    In  summary,  the  sample  statistically  reflects   the size
distribution of the population of interest.
    Another characteristic of HEs that can  be compared to Census  counts is
the type of commodites  that  the  sample  members  produce.  Table 1.2 was
constructed for this comparison.
    The first column of numbers gives the  Census  counts from Table 1, p.  1
of the 1979 Census,  for  the  13  commodity  groups.     The order has been
rearranged for easy  comparison  with  the  Questionnaire  categories.  The
total of the column 1s  37,454  as  compared  to the number of HEs, 22,347,
reported by the Census.  In the  first column, HEs may be counted  more than
once if they raise more than one commodity.
    The second solumn of numbers gives  the  counts  from Table 2, p. 2, of
the 1979 Census by the "Kind  of  Business"  category.  The third  column of
numbers is  the  estimated  target  population  size  by  Kind  of Business
category that was calculated by  excluding  HEs  In Alaska, Hawaii, and HEs
classified as growing cultivated mushrooms from  the HE counts 1n  column 2.
The total for the column is 21,164.   The survey estimate of this  number 1s
17,254 which 1s  reasonably  close  to  the  Census  count.  The difference
between 21,164 and 17,254 is  largely  due  to sampling error and  HEs going
out of business since the Census.   Some undercoverage of small firms could
also contribute to this difference.  Undercoverage of small firms  would not
severely bias pesticide usage estimates.
                                     5

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                                                     T»bl« 1.2  Summary of 1979 Censua Count* »nd Survey  Estimate*
CTV
Row Census
Number Commodity Group*
Nursery product!
rhizome*
Bedding plant*
Fol l*g* plant*


1 Subtotil
Petted flowering plants
Cut flower*
Unfinished stock
Cut cultivated green*
2 Subtotal
3 Sod
1The total , 37,464, exceed* the
2The number of establishments of
Number of
Estsbl Ishments
Growl ng
Commodity,

7,436
372
8,070
5,463


21,341
7,846
3,900
880
674
13,099
1,060
number of HE*, 22,
Census
Kind of
Business
Category

Bulbs, corns, or
er rhizome*
Bedding pl*nt*
Foliage planta



potted flowering
plant* snd/or
cut f lowere


Sod
347, becssuse HE*
the target population was calculated
li 1 .
Number of
Estsbl Ishmenta
Census Terget
Count Population2
6,267 6,203
169 169
3,947 3,926
2.347 2,273


12,710 12,660
6,486 6,943



6,486 6,943
973 970
can grew mere than one
Survey Question
Type of Eatlmste of
Code Horticultural Simple the Number of
Number Activity Size Establishments
01 nureery production
Including bedding
plant*, fol lag*
plant*, tree*.
achruba, and bulba
(excludea Christmas
tree*)
494 16,672
02 Floral production
Including potted
end cut flower*

246 6,367
03 Sad growing 38 1,198
commodity group.
by excluding sll establishments in the cultivated mushroom* category and all
      Misclassifi cation hma occurod  in  this  category.  The true x*'uo '<* between 070 and 1.478.

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Table 1.2 Summary of 1979 Census Counts and survey Eatlm.toa
Re* Cansue
Numbor Comnodlty Groups
Vegetable aeoda
Flower aoeda
Greenhouse vegetables
4 Subbotsl
Cultivated mushrooms
C
Number of Survey Question
E.tihl l.hmenta Census Number of 2t Csteforlea Survey
Or o» Ing Kind of Estab 1.1 ahmenta TrP* of Estimate af
Commodity, Bualneaa Cenaua Target Code Horticultural Sample the Number of
Census Count Category Count Population9 Number Activity Slie Eatab 1 1 ahmenta
628 Vegetable and 441 439 04 production of aeed
866 Vegetables grown 638 638 table) and green-
under cover house vegetablea
(for nonagr Icul tura 1
use only)
1,478 970 970 87 3,8603
477 Cultivated 476 0
mushrooms
Other 723 714 06 Other 30 1,040
06 Landscape 132 6.924
Architecture/
maintenance
6 Total
1The total . 37,454. exceeda the
'The number of establishments of
37.4641 Total 22,347 21,164 Total 28.1273
number of HEs, 22. 347, becaause HEa can grow more than one commodity group.
the taroet oooulation was calculated by excluding all eatab 1 I ahmenta In the cultivated mushrooms cateoorv and all
astab Ii shmenbs in Alaska and Hawaii.
3Misclassification has occured in this category.  The true value is between 970 and 1,478.

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    The last  column  gives  the  weighted  total   of  the  number of firms
answering "yes" to the Question  2a  categories  of the questionnaire.  The
weighted total estimates the number  of  HEs  in the target population that
engages in the corresponding horticultural activity.
    The subtotals and totals  for  the  columns are not directly comparable
but sample estimates in the  last  column  should be between the numbers in
column 1 and column 3.  For example, a firm raising both bedding plants and
foilage plants would be counted twice in the row 1 total of 21,341 but only
once in the last row total  of  15,672.    The  numbers in column 3 must be
smaller than the  numbers  in  the  last  column.     The  reason  is a firm
classified as a flower grower  and  counted  in  row  2 of the third column
could also grow other commodities such  as foilage plants.  This firm would
be counted in both row 1  and  row  2  of  the  last column.  So the sample
estimate of 15,672 for row 1,  nursery productions,  seems to be reasonable.
The floral (row 2) and  sod  (row  3) estimates also compare favorably with
the Census  Counts.    However,  seed  production  (row  4}  appears  to be
substantially overestimated.  This estimate  was Inspected 1n detail and 1t
was determined that m1scalssif1cat1on had  occurred.  Eighty-seven (87) HEs
responded "yes" to the category 4; but only 5 Indicated that category 4 was
their only horticultural activity.  The sum  of weights for these 5 1s only
201, only 5 percent of the estimated  total of 3,850 HEs.  About 15 percent
of the HEs that responded yes to  category 1 also responded yes to category
4.  At  most  5  percent  ([528  +  84]712,710)  of  the 12,710 question 2a
category 1 firms could also raise seeds.   With our sample size of 574, the
probability of having 15 percent of the sample correctly reporting category
4 activities when at most 5  percent  belong  to category 4 1a nearly zero.
This fact is convincing that some misclassification has caused the category
                                     8

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4 estimate to be so large.   What  may  have happened 1s that some HEs that
are raising vegetable bedding plants such as tomatoes or pepper for sale to
home gardeners have  classified  themselves  1n  category  4 because of the
words "...greenhouse vegetables (for nonagricultural  use only)."
    In conclusion, the above  comparisons  support  the fact that biases in
total pesticide usage estimates resulting from possible inadequacies in the
sampling frame and the sample design are not a dominant source of error.
    The survey questionnaire was used  to  solicit Information on a variety
of topics including the  HEs1  horticultural activities, pesticide usage by
EPA registration number,  target  pests,  and  firm  size measured by gross
revenue.  A copy of the PUSHSP questionnaire Is Included as Appendix B.
    The PUSHSP data can be used to estimate pesticide usage in the Industry
overall, by active ingredient (AI), and  by subsets of the Industry such as
geographic region, firm  size,  and  horticultural  application site (e.g.,
greenhouses or outdoor woody plants).  Profiles of the Industry can also be
estimated.  Describing the distribution of the number of HEs by their gross
revenue and use of  integrated  pest  management  methods 1s possible along
with many other types of estimates.    The documentation of the PUSHSP user
file given in Appendix C Includes a detailed description of the Information
that 1s available.    Chapter  2  contains  estimates of selected pesticide
usage and industry  characteristics  that  were  considered  to be of major
interest.

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                          2.   SUMMARY OF RESULTS

2.1 Overview
    This chapter presents statistical summaries of data Hems collected for
PUSHSP.  The summaries are  grouped Into three categories:  pesticide usage,
target  pest  Information,  and   Industry  characteristics.     Before  the
summaries are presented, a discussion  of  the general  approach to the data
analysis 1s appropriate.
    The Initial  step  1n  generating  pesticide  usage  estimates required
standardizing the product amounts reported 1n the questionnaire.  The usage
was standardized  by  converting  all  usage  amounts  to  pounds  and then
multiplying the standardized amount by the concentration of the AIs 1n each
product.  These two steps  generated the pesticide usage analysis variable,
pounds of AI, that was  used  to  estimate  total usage by the Industry and
usage  for  selected  subsets  such  as  pesticide  class,   Census  Region,
horticultural site, and size of firm.
    The  second  component  of  the  analysis  estimated  the  frequency of
reported target pest  by  subsets,  such  as  horticultural site and Census
Region.  The target pest analysis  also Includes the estimated frequency of
which products are used to control a pest.
    The  final  component   of   the   analysis   Involves  estimating  the
distribution of HEs by characteristics  reported on the questionnaire, such
as type  of  production  or  activity,  number  of  locations,  and  use of
Integrated pest management methods.
    The methods used to calculate  the  estimates reflect the survey design
and are described 1n Appendix A.
                                    10

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2.2 Summary of Pesticide Usage
    This section summarizes the  pesticide  usage distribution for selected
AIs by Census Region and horticultural  site.  Also, total  pesticide usage,
estimated to be approximately  3.466  million pounds of active ingredients,
is also summarized by size  of  firm.    The  Census Regions are defined in
Figure 1.  The  horticulture  sites  of pesticide application comprise five
categories, defined as follows:
    Greenhouses — includes all usage  applied  to treat pest infesting all
    types of plants, both woody and herbaceous,  grown within greenhouses or
    weeds or grasses infecting growing areas in  greenhouses.
    Outdoor woody — includes all   usage  applied to control pest infesting
    woody-stemmed plants such as azalea, boxwood, juniper,  or trees (except
    Christmas tress) outdoors  or  weeds  or  grasses infesting the outdoor
    area in which they were grown.
    Floral and other outdoor — Includes  all usage applied to control pest
    infesting nonwoody-stemmed floral  plants  (herbaceous   plants) such as
    carnations, chrysanthemums, other  herbaceous  plant  grown outdoors or
    turf grasses grown for sod (pesticides such  as atrizine applied to turf
    grasses were reported by sod  farms  in  this usage site) or to control
    weeds or grasses infesting outdoor areas where they were grown.
    Soil — includes outdoor  usage  applied for soil sterilization (methyl
    bromide) and herbicides applied to  the  soil for weed or grass control
    in growing areas (mostly glyphosate and simazine).
    Nonhorticultural — includes  essentially  only herbicide usage applied
    outdoors for weed or grass  control  in  nongrowing areas such as fence
    rows, borders, or roadways.
    The total usage estimate is the sum  of the usage of 188 different AIs.
The detailed analysis summarized in this  section was focused on a selected
subset of the most important pesticides.   Two criteria were used to define
this "most Important" subset.  The  first criterion was based on the number
of HEs that reported using a  specific pesticide, the minimum being 20 HEs.
The second limited analysis to  the  10  most heavily used AIs within three
pesticide classes:    1nsect1c1de/m1t1cide,  fungicide,  and  herbicide for
those pesticides meeting the first criterion.  One exception to these rules
                                    11

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                                   EAS
                                   SOUTH
                                   CENTRAL
                                    MISS
SOUTH
CENTRAL
Figure 1.  The Four Census Regions of the United States

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was made for methyl bromide, which  1s  a multipurpose pesticide and can be
used to effectively  control  several   classes  of  pest.     Because It was
Inappropriate to classify methyl bromide  Into only one class,  reporting It
for each class according  to  Its  use  was  considered.   However,  such an
approach violated the 20-HE rule for  the  each class.  One other exclusion
should be noted.  One large HE  1n the West was excluded from the pesticide
usage analysis upon the  advice  of  subject  matter experts because of Its
unusual reported usage.
    Table 2.1 presents the estimated  usage  of  the top 20 AIs,  accounting
for 45.4 percent of all pesticide usage In the Industry.  (A listing of the
usage estimates for all AIs Is Included 1n Appendix D.)   Table  2.2 presents
estimates  of  pesticide  usage  for  the  top  10  1nsect1c1des/mit1c1des,
fungicides and for the top 8 herbicides (only 8 herbicides were reported by
at least 20 HEs).   These  three  pesticide classes Include 96.7 percent of
the total usage.   The  primary  criterion previously mentioned for  listing
particular pesticides, as in Tables 2.1  and  2.2,  Is that at  least 20 HEs
reported their use.   Pesticides  Included  In  the "other" category may be
used by less or more  than  20  HEs.    It  1s common and valid statistical
practice to group domains (AIs)  with  small  sample sizes together  so that
the sample size of their  union  is satisfactory.  Therefore, including all
AIs that are excluded from the detailed analysis because they were reported
by fewer than 20 HEs in the other category 1s appropriate.
                                    13

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              Table 2.1  Pesticide Usage by Active  Ingredient
Common
Name3
Glyphosate
Trifluralln
Slmazlne
EBDC
Malathion
Carbaryl
Benomyl
Captan
Dlazlnon
Acephate
Chlorothalonll
Copper hydroxide
Oryzalln
Z1neb
PCNB
Oxadlazon
Aldicarb
Dlenochlor
Dlcofol
Napropamlde
Oxydemetan-methyl
Subtotal
Other0
Total
AI
Code
103601
36101
80807
14504'
57701
56801
99101
81301
57801
103301
81901
23401
104201
14506
56502
109001
98301
27501
10501
103001
58702



Sample5
Number
of HEs
359
53
122
101
245
193
343
165
319
217
101
58
46
44
78
88
107
109
232
27
111



Estimated
usage
(1000s of pounds)
300
169
123
112
106
93
89
79
75
70
57
49
44
36
32
28
27
22
21
20
20
1,572
1,894
3,466
Percent
of
Total
8.7
4.9
3.6
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
45.4
54.6
100.0
aA pesticide 1s listed by name only 1f at least  20  HEs  reported  Its  use.
^This number Includes only HEs that reported  a positive usage  of the AI.
C0ther pesticides reported may be used by less than 20  HEs.
AI = active Ingredients
HE = horticultural establishments
                                    14

-------
         Table 2.2  Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient and Class
Pesticide
Class
Insecticide
or
mitlcide










Fungicide












Herbicide





Common
Name3
Malathion
Carbaryl
Dlazinon
Acephate
Aldicarb
Dlenochlor
Dicofol
Oxydemeton-methyl
Dimethoate
Oisulfoton
Subtotal
Otherc
Total
EBDC
Benomyl
Captan
Chlorothalonll
Copper hydroxide
Z1neb
PCNB
Terrazole
Metal axyl
Methyl thlophanate
Subtotal
Otherc
Total
Glyphosate
THfluralln
S1maz1ne
Oryzalln
Oxadiazon
Napropamide
AI
Code
57701
56801
57801
103301-
98301
27501
10501
58702
35001
32501



14504
99101
81301
81901
23401
14506
56502
84701
113501
102001



103601
36101
80807
104201
109001
103001
Sample^
Number
of HEs
245
193
319
217
107
109
232
111
70
32



101
343
165
101
58
44
78
160
100
69



359
53
122
46
88
27
Estimated
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
106
93
75
70
27
22
21
20
19
19
472
215
687
112
89
79
57
49
36
32
15
11
9
489
390
879
300
169
123
44
28
20
Percent
of
Total
15.5
13.6
11.0
10.2
3.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.7
68.7
31.3
100.0
12.7
10.1
9.0
6.4
5.6
4.0
3.7
1.7
1.3
1.1
55.6
44.4
100.0
16.8
9.5
6.9
2.5
1.5
1.1
aA pesticide 1s listed by name only 1f at  least  20 HEs  reported  Its use.
bThis number Includes only HEs that reported  a positive usage of the AI.
C0ther pesticides reported may be used by  less than  20  HEs.
                                    15

-------
          Table 2.2  Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient  and Class
                                 (continued)
Pesticide
Class
Herbicide



Common
Name3
Paraquat d1 chloride
Dlquat dl bromide
Subtotal
Otherc
Total
Active
Ingredient
Code
61601
32201



Sample**
Number
of HEs
73
43



Estimated
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
16
14
714
1,073
1,787
Percent
of
Total
0.9
0.8
40.0
60.0
100.0
aA pesticide 1s listed by name only 1f at least 20  HEs  reported  Its  use.
bThis number Includes only HEs that reported a positive usage of the AI.
C0ther pesticides reported may be used by less than 20  HEs.
AI = active Ingredient
HE = horticultural establishments
                                    16

-------
    A separate listing of  the  estimated usage for 1nsect1c1des/nrit1cides,
fungicides, and herbicides and other  pesticides 1s included in Appendix D.
Tables 2.3 and 2.4 present these same AIs by class and Census Region and by
class and horticultural site (greenhouses, outdoor woody plants, and floral
and other  outdoor  plants),  respectively.    Two  other  sites,  soil  and
nonhorticultural,  were Included 1n  the  questionnaire.  The usage reported
for these sites was minor for  most  AIs, resulting in their exclusion from
the detailed analysis.
    Table 2.5 presents the  total  estimated  usage and estimated number of
HEs by firm size as measured by gross revenues.  Tables 2.6 and 2.7 present
this same information according  to  firm  size,  by  Census Region, and by
horticultural site, respectively.
2.3 Summary of Report Pest
    The questionnaire was used  to  solicit  information  on target pest by
horticultural site and pesticide product.  Table 2.8 presents the number of
HEs reporting  target  pest(s)  for  each  horticultural  site.   Table 2.9
presents the target pest  information  summarized  over all sites by Census
Region.  Table 2.10 presents  the  frequency of reporting target pest(s) by
Census Region and horticultural  site.    Table 2.11 displays the estimated
number of HEs by the five  most  frequently reported pests 1n each class of
insects, diseases, and among weeds  or  grass  and the five most frequently
used pesticide products for each pest.
2.4      Summary of Nursery Industry Characteristics
    This section Includes tables  presenting  estimates of the distribution
of HEs by  selected  characteristics.    Table  2.12 presents the estimated
number of  HEs  involved  In  six  categories  of HE production/activities.
Approximately 6 percent of the HEs also engage in other activities.  The
                                    17

-------
                                Table  2.3  Pesticide Usage  by  Active Ingredient, Class, and Census  Region
00
Census Reaion
Northeast
Pesticide
Class
Insecticide
or
miticide











Fung) cide











Common
Name
Malathion
Carbary 1
Di azi non
Acephate
Aldicarb
DIenoeh lor
Dlcofol
Oxydemeton-
methy 1
Dtmethoate
Di su 1 f oton
Subtota 1
Other
Total
EBDC
Benomy 1
Captan
Ch lorotha 1 onl 1
Copper
hydroxi de
Zineb
PCNB
Terrazo la
Metalaxy 1
Methyl
thi ophanate
AI
Code
67701
66801
67801
103301
98301
27601
10601
68702

36001
32601



14604
99101
81301
81901
23401

14606
66602
84701
113601
102001

Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
6.7
11.1
3.4
4.6
1.0
0.9
1.7
3.7

1.7
0.4
34.2
21.6
66.7
6.6
6.2
6.9
1.2
0.0

0.7
2.2
1.2
0.2
0.6

Samp le*
Number
of HEs
66
46
63
46
14
23
46
29

11
7



18
70
41
17
1

6
18
28
16
12

North Central
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
16.4
44.1
18.1
8.7
7.3
6.8
10.2
6.7

6.8
7.3
131.3
32.9
164.2
3.3
21.7
6.1
4.9
1.6

0.6
3.9
4.7
0.7
3.4

Samp le*
Number
of HEs
67
62
83
62
61
34
76
23

19
16



17
101
60
26
8

9
23
64
24
21

South
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
23.4
33.9
18.6
10.6
2.7
6.3
4.6
1.9

7.2
10.9
119.2
54.0
173.2
49.8
22.1
60.0
42.1
11.2

11.6
6.1
4.2
6.0
2.8

Samp le
Number
of HEs
49
41
64
44
19
20
67
12

24
9



63
77
25
38
24

6
11
39
28
17

West
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
61.0
4.3
36.1
46.6
16.9
8.6
4.4
8.4

3.2
0.0
187.3
106.4
293.7
51.9
39.8
16.9
8.3
36.2

22.6
21.2
4.9
6.3
2.8

Samp 1 e*
Number
of HEs
73
44
117
75
23
32
54
47

16
1



13
95
49
21
25

24
26
39
33
19

   *This  number includes only HEs that  reported  a positive usage  of  the  AI,





   AI  = active  ingredient.





   HE  = horticultural  establishment.

-------
                       Table  2.3   Pesticide  Usage  by  Active  Ingredient,  Class,  and Census Region  (continued)
Census Reaion
Northeast

Pesticide
Class



Herbicide







A
>




Common
Name
Subtota 1
Other
Total
Glyphosate
Trlf lural In
Simaz ine
Oryza 1 i n
Oxadlazon
Napropamide
Paraquat
dichloride
Di quat
Subtotal
Other
Total
Active
Ingredient
Code



103801
36101
80807
104201
109001
103001
61601

32201



Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
23.9
9.9
33.9
24.7
3.6
20.7
6.7
1.2
3.6
3.8

0.1
63.4
71.1
134.6
Samp le*
Number
of HEs



62
7
32
13
12
9
20

6



North Central
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
61.0
87.0
138.0
42.7
3.3
62.8
10.8
2.6
4.9
2.3

0.4
119.6
167.7
287.3
Samp le*
Number
of HEs



96
23
44
11
20
7
18

2



South
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
203.7
34.6
238.2
139.2
4.4
12.2
11.0
6.1
0.6
6.7

0.2
179.3
712.9
892.2
Samp le
Number
of HEs



92
7
13
6
28
1
19

4



West
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
210.0
258.7
468.7
93.6
167.6
37.8
16.7
17.8
10.9
4.4

13.1
351.8
121.0
472.8
Samp le*
Number
of HEs



120
16
33
16
28
10
16

31



•This number includes only HEs that reported a positive usage of the AI,





AI = active ingredient.





HE = horticultural establishment.

-------
                         Table 2.4  Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient, Class, and Horticultural Site
Horticultural Site
Greenhouse
Pesticide Common
Class Name
Insecticide Ma lath ion
or Carbaryl
miticlde Dlazinon
Acephate
Aldicarb
D ienoch lor
Dicofol
Oxydemeton-methy 1
Dimethoate
D 1 su 1 f oton
Subtota 1
Other
PO Total
o
Fungicide EBDC
Benomy 1
Captan
Ch 1 orotha 1 oni 1
Copper hydroxide
Zineb
PCNB
Terrazo le
Metal axy 1
Methyl thiophanate
Subtota 1
Other
Total
AI
Code
67701
B6801
57801
103301
98301
27601
10601
68702
36001
32601



14604
99101
81301
81901
23401
14606
66602
84701
113601
102001



Usage
(1000a of
pounda)
63.4
8.2
18.6
20.6
16.8
17.1
6.6
7.0
3.2
0.4
149.6
83.8
233.3
11.9
67.1
31.2
12.4
6.3
20.8
17.2
9.6
6.4
6.8
179.7
23.3
203.0
Samp le*
Number
of HEs
166
81
197
132
89
102
139
66
23
11



46
266
130
66
24
27
66
141
130
67



Outdoor Woodv
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
47.7
67.0
36.9
46.7
1.7
2.4
13.8
10.7
13.8
17.6
246.1
65.7
301.8
24.1
13.8
17.3
9.2
39.2
2.2
1.9
0.6
3.9
0.4
112.7
104.0
216.7
Samp 1 e*
Number
of HEs
142
117
146
109
13
14
126
64
47
22



69
126
66
36
41
16
11
18
33
9



Other Outdoor
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
6.4
27.4
14.8
3.6
8.7
2.1
1.6
2.0
1.9
0.8
69.0
51.4
120.4
75.6
16.0
2.9
34.5
3.4
6.8
13.2
3.6
0.5
0.2
153.6
17.1
171.7
Samp le
Number
of HEs
34
37
56
27
6
6
24
13
9
4



26
45
18
19
6
6
6
9
9
6



*This number includes only HEs that reported a positive usage of the AI.





AI = active ingredient.





HE = horticultural  establishment.

-------
                     Table 2.4  Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient, Class, and Horticultural Site  (continued)
ro
Horticultural Site
Greenhouse

Pesticide Common
Class Name
Herbicide Glyphosate
Trif luralin
Simazi ne
Oryza 1 In
Oxadl azon
Napropamide
Paraquat dichloride
Diquat di bromide
Subtotal
Other
Total

AI
Code
103601
36101
80807
104201
109001
103001
61601
32201



Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
16.3
2.7
2.9
0.3
0.9
0.4
1.4
6.1
29.2
66.2
84.4
Samp le*
Number
of HEs
90
4
18
6
11
3
29
23



Outdoor
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
120.7
164.2
86.9
1.6
3.2
17.7
6.6
0.4
454.4
161.1
616. E
Woodv
Samp 1 e*
Number
of HEs
166
38
71
6
18
21
11
1



Other Outdoor
Usage
(1000s of
pounds)
61.7
0.9
10.0
8.2
1.4
0.0
0.1
0.9
82.8
673.8
766.6
Samp 1 e
Number
of HEs
60
5
14
6
16
0
6
6



  •This  number includes  only  HEs  that reported a positive usage of the AZ.




  AI  = active  ingredient.





  HE  = horticultural  establishment.

-------
          Table 2.5  Pesticide Usage and Number of Horticultural
                       Establishments (HEs) by Size
Type of
Size
Measure
Gross Revenue*
< $ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
> $1 million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Sample
Number
of HEs

38
31
58
201
90
91
64
573
Estimated
Usage
(1000s of pounds)

206
30
368
821
399
935
706
3,466
Estimated
Number
of HEs

2,872
1,803
2,729
5,911
1,123
613
2,203
17,254
*Gross  revenue   Includes   all   revenue   from   both  horticultural  and
nonhortlcultural activities.
                                    22

-------
Table 2.6  Pesticide Usage and Number of Horticultural
    Establishments (HEs) by Size and Census Region
Size
Measure
Gross Revenue
<$ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
>$1 Million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Gross Revenue
<$ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
>$1 Million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Gross Revenue
<$ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
>$1 Million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Gross Revenue
<$ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
>1 Million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Sample*
Number
of HEs

10
8
15
41
13
16
_12
115
13
2
21
52
24
21
aa
151
10
9
7
49
21
19
_n
128
5
12
15
59
32
35
_21
180
Estimated Usage
(1000s of pounds)
Northeast
1.2
6.1
10.1
56.8
16.1
74.3
65.8
230.5
North Central
17.3
2.2
53.4
197.1
150.0
160.8
13.4
594.2
South
3.1
11.0
15.6
274.2
119.8
389.9
491.3
1,304.0
West
184.5
11.1
288.9
292.8
113.4
309.8
135.8
1,336.4
Estimated
Number
of HEs

352
362
439
966
114
74
576
2,883
1,241
81
946
1,243
443
128
515
4,600
764
756
421
1,447
284
113
669
4,455
514
603
923
2,254
281
298
442
5,316
                           23

-------
          Table 2.7  Pesticide Usage and Number of Horticultural
                   Establishments (HEs)  by Size and Site
Size
Measure
Gross Revenue
<$ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
>$1 Million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Gross Revenue
<$ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
>$1 Million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Gross Revenue
<$ 25,000
$ 25,000 to $ 49,999
$ 50,000 to $ 99,999
$100,000 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
>$1 Million
Refused/Unknown
Total
Sampl e
Number
of HEs

16
18
33
132
53
54
_25
341
22
17
18
87
35
52
_2fi
257
6
10
14
47
23
25
ua
143
Total
Pesticide Usage
(1000s of pounds)
Greenhouses
1.1
8.6
70.1
192.7
100.2
135.0
17.5
525.2
Outdoor Woody
188.0
16.0
42.0
403.9
154.9
266.9
70.1
1,141.9
Floral and Other Outdoor
1.6
0.7
19.9
106.6
108.9
350.7
55.0
1,143.3
Estimated
Number
of HEs

966
1,169
1,565
4,189
632
382
1,120
10,023
1,760
1,059
1,124
2,776
393
269
677
8,058
344
1,006
729
1,320
292
243
1,042
4,990
*Th1s number Includes only  HEs
horticultural site.
that  reported  positive usage data for the
                                    24

-------
    Table  2.8   Frequency of  Reported  Target  Pest  by Horticultural  Site
Horticultural
Site
Greenhouses




Outdoor Woody




Floral and Other Outdoor




Target
Pest
ApMds
Mites
Damping off
Mealy bugs
Wh1tefl1es
ApMds
Annual broadleaf weeds
Annual grasses
Mites
Scales
ApMds
Annual broadleaf weeds
Annual grasses
Cutworms
Beetles
Sample
Number
of HEs
301
271
170
183
183
215
179
164
173
141
79
68
54
34
19
Estimated
Number
of HEs
9,133
6,587
5,624
5,131
4,557
5,954
5,596
5,465
4,100
3,213
3,531
2,079
1,419
1,404
1,377
HEs = horticultural establishments.
                                    25

-------
       Table 2.9  Frequency of Reported Target Pest by Census Region
Census
Region
Northeast




North Central




South




West




Target
Pest
Aphids
Mealy bugs
Annual broadleaf weeds
Damping off
Mites
Aphids
Annual broadleaf weeds
Mites
Annual grasses
Perennial grasses
Aphids
Annual grasses
Mites
Mealy bugs
Annual broadleaf weeds
Aphids
Annual broadleaf weeds
Annual grasses
Mites
Perennial grasses
Sampl e
Number
of HEs
118
59
74
45
94
167
139
135
121
85
116
117
109
105
123
203
166
141
150
95
Estimated
Number
of HEs
3,295
2,204
2,105
1,762
1,632
4,634
3,492
3,310
2,900
2,477
4,930
4,237
4,087
3,882
3,869
5,923
4,546
4,145
2,856
2,834
HEs = horticultural establishments.
                                    26

-------
             Table 2.10   Frequency of Reported Target  Pest  by
                   Horticultural Site and Census  Region

Horticultural
Site

Greenhouses




Outdoor Woody




Floral and Other Outdoor





Greenhouses




Outdoor Woody



Target
Pest

Aphlds
Mealy bugs
Mites
Damping off
WhltefHes
Aphlds
Scales
Annual broadleaf
Annual grasses
Other Insects
Aphlds
Powdery mildew
Mealy bugs
Cutworms
Beetles

Aphlds
Mites
Whlteflles
DampUng off
Botrytls
Annual broadleaf
Aphlds
Annual grasses
Sample
Number
of HEs
Northeast
70
40
61
38
53
36
23
weeds 31
30
24
12
8
6
3
6
North Central
92
84
64
50
55
weeds 55
59
49
Perennial grasses 41

Floral and Other Outdoor




Mites
Aphlds
Annual broadleaf
Annual grasses
Other diseases
Cutworms
46
12
weeds 14
11
6
3
Estimated
Number
of HEs

1,861
1,364
1,255
1,237
1,070
688
607
577
522
376
746
692
671
584
573

2,400
1,923
1,465
1,449
1,410
1,702
1,627
1,512
1,294
1,158
464
352
291
240
231
HEs = horticultural establishments.
                                                                 (continued)
                                    27

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              Table 2.10  Frequency of Reported Target Pest by
              Horticultural Site and Census Region (continued)

Horticultural
Site

Greenhouses




Outdoor Woody




Floral and Other Outdoor





Greenhouses




Outdoor Woody




Floral and Other Outdoor





Target
Pest

Aphlds
Mites
Mealy bugs
Damping off
Root rot
Mites
Aphlds
Annual grasses
Annual broadleaf weeds
Mealy bugs
Aphlds
Bagworms
Annual grasses
Beetles
Annual broadleaf weeds

Aphlds
Damping off
Mites
Botrytl s
Phytophtora
Annual grasses
Aphlds
Annual broadleaf weeds
Perennial grasses
Powdery mildew
Aphlds
Annual broadleaf weeds
Mites
Mollusks
Perennial grasses
Sample
Number
of HEs
South
48
50
48
36
34
44
44
37
38
36
20
8
21
6
20
West
91
46
76
47
25
48
76
55
31
45
35
28
19
8
14
Estimated
Number
of HEs

2,060
1,986
1,978
1,185
953
1,802
1,703
1,482
1,445
1,296
1,146
957
828
734
635

2,812
1,753
1,423
1,380
1,197
1,949
1,936
1,872
1,177
1,157
1,174
597
587
487
433
HEs = horticultural establishments.
                                    28

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Table 2.11 Number of Horticultural Establishments (HEs) by Reported
                 Target Pest and Active Ingredient
Target
Pest
Insects
Aphids




Mealy Bugs




Mites




Scales




Whiteflies




Diseases
Botrytis




Damping Off




Pesticide
Product

Dlazinon
Malathion
Acephate
Carbaryl
Oxydemeton-methyl
Malathion
Diazinon
Acephate
Aldicarb
Carbaryl
Dicofol
Dienochlor
Malathion
Diazinon
Aldicarb
Malathion
Diazinon
Dimethoate
Carbaryl
Acephate
Malathion
Aldicarb
Diazinon
Acephate
Resmethrin

Benomyl
Captan
Chlorothalonil
Zineb
Fenaminosulf
Benomyl
Captan
Tarrazole
Fenaminosulf
Methyl thiophanate
Active
Ingredient
Code

57801
57701
103301
56801
58702
57701
57801
103301
98301
56801
10501
27501
57701
56801
98301
57701
57801
35001
56801
103301
57701
98301
57801
103301
97801

99101
81301
81901
14506
34201
99101
81301
84701
34201
102001
Sample
Number
of HEs

159
168
126
71
88
100
68
60
34
25
176
95
79
54
65
67
41
25
23
20
56
46
40
48
31

125
48
41
14
8
82
55
66
26
28
Estimated
Number
of HEs

4,746
4,407
2,283
2,266
1,135
3,106
1,535
893
770
640
3,617
2,224
1,698
1,639
1,278
1,393
797
619
557
401
2,094
802
713
630
610

3,256
1,130
645
321
297
2,443
1,860
1,223
559
530
                               29
                                                          (continued)

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Table 2.11 Number of Horticultural Establishments (HEs) by Reported
           Target Pest and Active Ingredient (continued)
Target
Pest
Leaf Spot




Powdery Mildew




Root Rot




Weeds and Grasses
Annual Grasses




Annual Broadleaf
Weeds



Perennial Grasses




Perennial
Broadleaf Weeds



Pesticide
Product
EBOC
Benomyl
Copper hydroxide
Streptomycin sulfate
Chlorothalonil
Benomyl
Captan
Triforlne
Terrazole
Karathane
Benomyl
Terrazole
Metal axyl
Fenamlnosulf
PCNB

Glyphosate
S1maz1ne
Oxadlazon
Tr1flural1n
Paraquat d1 chloride
Glyphosate
Oxadlazon
S1maz1ne
Trlfluralln
Paraquat dlchloride
Glyphosate
S1maz1ne
Paraquat
Prometon
Sodium metaborate
Glyphosate
S1m1z1ne
Oxadlazon
Paraquat dlchloride
2,4-D
Active
Ingredient
Code
14504
99101
23401
6310
81901
9901
81301
107901
84701
36001
99101
84701
113501
34201
56502

103601
80807
109001
36101
61601
103601
109001
80807
36101
61601
103601
80807
109001
80804
11104
103601
80807
109001
61601
30010
Sample
Number
of HEs
34
60
23
6
27
117
33
35
8
19
61
58
32
32
34

232
79
65
43
53
237
82
98
51
55
169
20
22
5
3
145
17
12
27
5
Estimated
Number
of HEs
796
744
698
576
378
2,616
960
446
231
230
2,350
1,183
783
732
698

6,971
1,772
1,619
1,160
751
6,447
2,597
2,245
1,328
841
4,047
927
278
178
107
3,328
500
376
345
158
                               30

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        Table 2.12  Estimated Distribution of Horticultural Establishments (HEs) by Type of Production/Activity
Type of
Product i on /Act i v I ty
Nursery Stock
Floral
Sod growing
Seed
Landscap i ng
Other
Number of*
Samp le
HEs
494
246
38
87
132
30
Estimated*
Number
of HEs
16,672
6,367
1,198
3.8B0
6,924
1,040
Estimated*
Percent of
Nurseries
87
36
7
22
33
6
Estimated
Northeast
2,813
(106)
1,634
(60)
2
(2)
861
(19)
619
(24)
127
(8)
(Sample) Number
Census Region*
North Central
4,210
(136)
1,986
(77)
281
(12)
964
(30)
1,884
(46)
379
(12)
of HEs by
South
4,162
(111)
790
(32)
724
(16)
1,021
(12)
2,130
(29)
216
(7)

West
4,488
(142)
1,967
(77)
191
(9)
1,014
(26)
1,291
(33)
319
(6)
*Totals for this table will  exceed  survey  totals  because  some  HEs  are  involved in more than one activity.

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totals 1n Table 2.12 sum to  more than 17,283 because many nurseries engage
In more than one  type  of  activity.     Table  2.13 presents the estimated
number  of  HEs  by   the   number   of   production  locations  they  use.
Approximately 84 percent of the  HEs  use only one location for production.
Table 2.14 presents the estimated number  and percent of HEs using chemical
pesticides nationwide, by Census Region, and  by type of production.  Table
2.15 provides the corresponding estimated number of HEs that apply at least
some pesticides using their own personnel.    It 1s evident that nearly all
HEs use and apply chemical pesticides.  Table 2.16 summarizes the frequency
of reported side effects from chemical pesticides.  Less than 10 percent of
the HEs reported  adverse  side  effects.    The  most frequent side effect
reported was damage to plants.    Table  2.17 gives a detailed breakdown of
side effect Information by pesticide product.
    Table 2.18 summarizes  the  number  of  HEs  by dollar expenditures for
chemical pesticides.  Table  2.19  presents  the  number and percent of HEs
with employees certified to apply pesticides, nationwide,  by Census Region,
and by type of production.   Table  2.20 presents the number and percent of
HEs employing Integrated pest-management methods.   Table 2.21 presents the
number of HEs and  estimated  dollar  loss  by  type  of  pest.  Table 2.22
reports  pesticide   usage   In   1982   compared   with   previous  years.
Approximately 73 percent of the HEs  used  the same amount of pesticide, 15
percent used more, and 8 percent used less.
    Table 2.23 presents the number of HEs that used their records to obtain
the Information needed to  complete  the  questionnaire, nationwide, and by
Census Region.  Less than half of  the HEs used their records to answer the
questions.
                                    32

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             Table 2.13  Estimated Distribution of Horticultural
                 Establishments (HEs) by Number of Locations
                                    Estimated (Sample) Number of HEs by
                                   	Census Region	
            Sample   Estimated
Number of   Number    Number
Locations   of HEs    of HEs     Northeast   North Central   South    West
    1

    2


    3

    4


   X

Total
             476


              65


              21


               5


               7


             547
14,546


 2,103


   480


   111


    41


17,283
2,309
(96)

  454
(12)
(1)
    1
(1)
   96
   22
(5)

2,883
(115)
3,735
(125)

  542
(16)

  300
(7)
(2)
   14
(1)

4,600
(151)
4,020
(HI)

  405
(12)

   25
4,455
(128)
4,483
  702
(25)
(7)     (9)
(0)     (2)
 (1)      (0)
  153
5,345
(180)
                                     33

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    Table 2.14  Number and Percent of Horticultural  Establishments (HEs)
               Using Chemical  Pesticides by Census Region and
                         Type of Production/Activity
                              Sample Number     Estimated       Estimated*
     Reporting Domain             of HEs      Number of HEs   Percent of HEs
    National                       556            16,665             96

Census Region

    Northeast                      115             2,883            100
    North Central                  146             4,414             96
    South                          122             4,368             98
    West                           173             5,000             94

Tvoe of Production/Activity
Nursery Stock
Floral
Sod Growing
Seeds
Landscaping
Other
485
243
33
84
128
30
15,383
6,167
1,080
3,563
5,822
1,040
98
97
90
93
98
100
*Percents are calculated based on  the  total  estimated  number of HEs in the
reporting domain.
                                    34

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    Table 2.15  Number and Percent of Horticultural  Establishments (HEs)
         Applying Chemical Pesticides (Not Soley Using Contractors)
              by Census Region and Type of Production/Activity
                              Sample Number     Estimated       Estimated*
     Reporting Domain             of HEs      Number of HEs   Percent of HEs
    National                       544            16,304             98

Census Region

    Northeast                      114             2,831             98
    North Central                  146             4,414            100
    South                          118             4,194             96
    West                           166             4,864             97

Tvoe of Production/Activity
Nursery Stock
Floral
Sod Growing
Seeds
Landscaping
Other
477
240
31
83
127
28
15,175
6,148
1,041
3,456
5,771
1,016
99
>99
96
97
99
98
*Percentage based on number  of  estimated  HEs  using chemical pesticides for
each reporting domain given 1n Table 2.14.
                                    35

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     Table 2.16  Number of Horticultural  Establishments  (HEs)  Reporting
                 Side Effects Associated  with Pesticide  Use

No

Side Effects
Some Side Effects





Plant Damage
(Dollar Amount of Loss
Nausea
Dizziness
Skin Rash
Other
Sample Number
of HEs
530
71
51
(49,370)a
6
6
4
7
Estimated Number
of HEs
15,799
1,484
1,203
(458,455)b
177
144
78
179
Unweighted sum of reported dollar loss,


^Estimated total dollar loss.
                                    36

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Table 2.17  Number of Horticultural Establishments (HEs)
       Reporting Side Effects by Pesticide Product
Side
Effects
Plant Damage























Nausea


Dizziness



Skin Rash



Pesticide
Product
Malathlon
Carbaryl
D1az1non
Acephate
Dlmethoate
Dlcofol
Oxydemeton-methyl
Aldlcarb
Dlenochlor
Cyhexatln
Dlnocap
Fembutatln-oxide
Oxamyl
Other Insecticides
Copper sulfate, basic
Dodine
Cyclohex1m1de
Metal axyl
Other fungicides
Glyphosate
S1maz1ne
Oxadlazon
Dlquat
3-4-D/mecoprop/d1 camba
Malathlon
Aldlcarb
Oxamyl
Malathlon
Aldlcarb
Oxamyl
Other herbicides
Oxydemeton-methyl
Aldlcarb
Oxamyl
Benomyl
Sample
Number
of HEs
4
1
2
5
8
4
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Estimated
Number
of HEs
93
22
208
42
232
59
7
99
5
32
5
3
3
140
13
91
3
5
3
23
16
16
3
78
136
38
3
91
38
3
12
10
3
3
63
                                                (continued)
                           37

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          Table 2.17  Number of Horticultural  Establishments (HEs)
                 Reporting Side Effects by Pesticide Product
Side
Effects
Pesticide
Product
Sampl e
Number
of HEs
Estimated
Number
of HEs
Other              D1az1non                           1             121
                   Aldlcarb                           1               7
                   Copper hydroxide                   1               3
                   Methylbrom1de/chlorop1cr1n         1               3
                   Other fuglcides                    1              35
                   Paraquat                           1               7
                   Diquat                             1               3
                                    38

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          Table 2.18  Number of Horticultural  Establishments (HEs)
                   by Amount Spent on Pesticide Purchases
     Amount
Spent on Purchase
  of Pesticides
Sample
Number
of HEs
Estimated
  Number
  of HEs
   Percent
 Applied to
Horticultural
   Products
     $0 to    $100

   $101 to    $500

   $501 to  $1,000

 $1,001 to  $5,000

 $5,001 to $10,000

$10,001 to $50,000

> $50,000

Unknown

Total
  59

 113

  52

 139

  49

  56

   9

  97

 574
  2,535

  4,991

  1,711

  3,823

    853

    547

     72

  2,751

 17,283
      89

      85

      65

      90

      75

      69

      85

      79

      83
                                     39

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    Table 2.19  Number and Percent of Horticultural  Establishments  (HEs)
      with Employees Certified to Apply Pesticides  by Census  Region and
                         Type of Production/Activity
                              Sample Number     Estimated       Estimated*
     Reporting Domain             of HEs      Number of HEs   Percent of HEs


    National                       409            11,631             67

Census Region

    Northeast                       98             2,219             77
    North Central                   115             2,745             60
    South                          103             3,671             82
    West                            93             2,996             56

Tvoe of Production/Activity
Nursery Stock
Floral
Sod Growing
Seeds
Landscaping
Other
357
183
26
64
94
22
10,742
4,246
995
2,565
4,424
749
69
67
83
67
75
72
^Percentage based on number  of  estimated  HEs  using chemical  pesticides for
each reporting domain given 1n Table 2.14.
                                    40

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Table 2.20  Number and Percent of Horticultural Establishments (HEs)
       Using Chemical and/or Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
                               Methods
Method
Relying Solely on Nonchemical Methods
Apply Pesticides on a Regular Fixed
Schedule
Percent of Control Activities using
Chemical Methods Incorporating IPM
Method
0-24 percent
25-49 percent
50-74 percent
75-100 percent
Selection and Timing of Pesticides
Biological Controls
Cultural Control
Monitoring and Scouting
Other
Sample
Number
of HEs
16
183




358
54
33
109
367
74
214
504
40
Estimated
Number
of HEs
535
5,182




9,400
1,806
886
4,264
9,895
1,964
4,958
15,362
922
Estimated
Percent
of HEs
3
30




54
10
5
25
57
11
29
89
5
                                41

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         Table 2.21  Number of Pest Problems and Associated Dollar
                           Loss by Type of Pest
Type
of
Pest
Leaf Miners
Weevils
Leaf Spot
Verticil Hum Wilt
WhitefHes
Borers
Fusarium Wilt
Perennial Broadleaf Weeds
Mites
Mealy Bugs
Subtotal
Other
Total
Sample
Number
of HEs
15
16
4
4
13
7
5
5
5
_7_
81
_55
136
Estimated
Number
of HEs
432
925
17
206
238
162
56
134
168
111
2,449
1,167
3,616
Dollar
Loss
(thousands)
$2,602
1,791
1,006
337
232
157
156
73
67
	 6fi
$6,487
2,605
$9,092
HEs = horticultural establishments.
                                    42

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          Table 2.22  Pesticide Usage Compared to Previous Years
          Relative Amount            Sample Number       Estimated Number
               of HEs                    of HEs                of HEs
Same                                      446                 12,654

Unknown                                    16                    652

More:                                      72                  2,540
   More pest                               25                  1,452
   More productlon/land/plants             29                    792
   Outside contractor                       0                      0
   New pest control program                10                    224
   Lower cost                               0                      0
   Other                                    8                     69

Less:                                      40                  1,437
   Less pest                                7                    491
   Less production/land/plants              8                    493
   Outside contractor                       1                      1
   New pest control program                 6                     97
   Higher cost                              2                     24
   Other                                   16                    331

Total                                     574                 17,283


HEs - horticultural establishments.
                                    43

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    Table 2.23  Number of Horticultural Establishments (HEs) That Used
        Records to Answer Product Usage Questions by Census Region
       Reporting                Sample Number            Estimated Number
        Domain                      of HEs                     of HEs
National

     No records used                 341                       10,970
     Records used                    230                        6,246

Census Region

  Northeast
     No records used                  60                        1,660
     Records used                     54                        1,192

  North Central
     No records used                 103                        3,186
     Records used                     48                        1,414

  South
     No records used                  64                        2,522
     Records used                     64                        1,934

  West
     No records used                 114                        3,602
     Records used                     64                        1,706
                                    44

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                                REFERENCES
1.   1978  Census  of  Agriculture.     Vol.   5,   Part   7.     1979   Census  of
    Horticultural  Specialties.   Bureau  of   the   Census,  U.S.  Department  of
    Commerce.
                                    45

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              APPENDIX A



SURVEY DESIGN AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

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                  Survey Design and Statistical Analysis

A.I  Overview
     This appendix  includes  descriptions  of  the  four major statistical
components  of  the   Pesticide   Usage  Survey  Horticultural  Specialties
Producers (PUSHSP).  These four components are:
    •    Sample selection
    •    Sampling weight calculations
    •    Statistical analysis of the data
    •    Quality control.
Field activities such  as  recruitment  of  Interviews  and supervision and
administration of the questionnaire  were  done by the American Association
of Retired Persons  (AARP) and are not discussed in this report.
A.2  Survey Design
     A.2.1  Target  Population
     The target population for the PUSHSP will consist of all horticultural
establishments  (HEs) 1n  the  48  coterminous  States  and  the District of
Columbia that were  operating  1n  1982.    The 1979 Census of Horticultural
Specialties1  defines an HE as an  operation that grows and sells $2,000 or
more worth of horticultural  products  In  1  year.   This and other Census
definitions will be used to facilitate the survey in two ways:  (1} to make
comparable the  survey and the census Information and (2) to use definitions
and reporting categories that are  familiar  to establishments.  The Census
defines   the   following   nine   nonmutually   exclusive   categories  of
horticultural products:
 I/     1978   Census  of  Agriculture,  Vol.  5,  Part  7.    1979  Census of
      Horticulture Specialties.  Bureau  of  the  Census, U.S. Department of
      Commerce.

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    •     Potted flowering plants/cut  flowers
    •     Bedding plants (Includes  flowering,  foliar,  and  vegetable types)
    •     Foliage plants
         Sod
    •     Bulbs, corns,  or rhizomes
    •     Nursery products (Includes plants,  shrubs,  trees,  and other plants
         usually used in landscaping)
    •     Vegetable and flower seeds
    •     Vegetables grown under cover.
The following additional comments  about  these categories are necessary for
clarification.  Plants  that  were  bought  and  resold  within  30 days by
landscape businesses or garden  center  outlets,  evergreens that were grown
and cut for use as Christmas  trees,  and cultivated mushrooms were excluded
in determining the eligibility of  establishments.
    HEs 1n Alaska, Hawaii,  and  other territorial  properties were excluded
because the travel costs associated with  field efforts in these areas were
deemed excessive compared with their expected contributions to the national
estimates.
     A.2.2  Sample Selection
     The PUSHSP survey design was   a stratified two-phase,  two-stage design
Intended to yield 1,060 samples  distributed in approximately equal numbers
1n 103 primary sampling  units  (PSUs).    The  methods used to select each
stage and  each  phase  are  described  below.    The  approaches were used
according to reasons given  1n  the  OMB  Review package that was submitted
prior to conduct of the survey.
     A.2.2.1  Selection of First-Stage,  First-Phase  Sample.   The PSUs of
HEPUS are a subsample  of  the  PSUs  that  were  selected for the National
Household Pesticide Usage Survey  (NHPUS).   Using the NHPUS PSUs as a basis
                                    A-3

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for the PUSHSP  sample  was  judged  to  be  the  most  efficient method of
obtaining a  first-stage  sample  of  counties  or  county  equivalents for
PUSHSP.
    The  sampling  frame  used  for  NHPUS  consisted  of  counties,  county
equivalents, and their aggregates.    This  frame contained 3,062 PSUs that
were stratified  by  geographical  areas  (Census divisions),  urbanization,
precipitation, temperature, and the  ethnic  composition of the population.
These factors were judged  to  be  helpful  1n controlling the selection of
counties for the PUSHSP project for these reasons:
    •    The sample  can  be  allocated  by  Census  Regions  to facilitate
         desired sample sizes for regional estimates.
    •    Because the types and prevalence of pests often depend on climatic
         factors such  as  precipitation  and  temperature,  the  types and
         amounts of pesticides used  in  counties  would also depend on the
         same factors.
    •    The types  and  amounts  of  horticultural  products produced were
         considered to be related to both urbaniclty and ethnic composition
         of the local markets and the type and level of pesticide usage.
    In the NHPUS protocol, selection of the first-stage sample proceeded in
six steps:
    1.   Form the basic file of  3,109  counties  (or equivalents) in the 48
         coterminous States.
    2.   Augment the  county-level  characteristics  for  use 1n estimating
         size measures  (i.e.,  number  of  nonfarm  housing  units) and/or
         defining frame stratification.
    3.   Estimate the number of nonfarm housing units in the counties.
    4.   Cluster the counties Into  primary  sampling units having at least
         600 nonfarm housing units.
    5.   Indirectly stratify the frame via frame  serpentining.
    6.   Select the first-stage sample.
A summary of the descriptors of particular Interest that were relative to
the first-stage design include:
                                    A-4

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    •     Size  measures  were  estimated  based   on  the Advanced  Reports  of  the
         1980  Census  of  Population  and   Housing  data   and  1978  Census of
         Agriculture  data.
    •     The   final   first-stage    frame    contained    3,062  PSUs   (3,017
         single-county  PSUs,  43  PSUs containing  two counties each, and  two
         PSUs  containing  three counties each).
    •     Potential  stratification  (control)  variables  on the  frame included
         Standard  Metropolitan  Statistical  Area   (SMSA)/non-SMSA status,
         Census  Division,  climatic division  (Including average rainfall  and
         precipitation),  and 1980  population counts by ethnic grouping.
    •     Frame  serpentining was  initially  based   on  four  categorical
         variables:     Census Division    (nine  levels),   urbanidty  (two
         levels), climate (maximum  three   levels),  and ethnicity (maximum
         three levels).  Frame units  within the  83  cells so defined were
         then  sorted  In alternating  fashion by number of nonfami housing
         units.
    •     Indirect strata  were formed by  selecting  a  starting point  on  the
         serpentined  frame at random and constructing  180 equal-sized zones
         based on nonfarm housing  units.
    •     One  PSU per  zone was selected with  probability  minimum replacement
         (PMR),  giving  rise to  166 distinct  sample PSUs.
    •     All  sample PSUs  were composed of  a  single county.
It should  be  noted   that  most  of  the   auxiliary   frame  variables  were
available  only  1n  hardcopy  form.    Moreover,   PMR   selection of   the
first-stage sample guarantees that population domains  defined at this level
are expected to be represented  1n  proportion to  their  relative size.   Frame
serpentining under a  PMR  selection  procedure   was   Intended to reduce the
variability placed on controlling  the   realized  sample sizes  in each  Census
Division, followed by  control   with  respect  to  urban/rural, climate,  and
ethnic composition.   Such  control   1s   Intended  to   better guarantee the
separate estimates of major parameters of  interest to  the study that  can be
made at the Census Division level.    In   addition,  it was hoped to  improve
the precision of study  parameter   estimates  through  the formation of  more
homogeneous  strata  (i.e.,   Insofar    as  geographic  location,  climate,
urbanicity, and ethnicity Impact on  the  same).
                                    A-5

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    This  section  on  first-stage  sample  selection  concludes  with  the
following description of the selection of the 104 PSUs for HEPUS.
     A.2.2.2  Selection of First-Stage, Second-Phase Sample.   To select the
HEPUS subsample,  the  size  measure  TS(1)/NFHU(1)   was  used,  where TS(i)
represents the total sales of horticultural   products for PSU i  and NFHU(i)
is the number of nonfarm housing units  in  PSU 1 (the size measure used in
NHPUS, 1=1,...,180.  Selecting  the  subsample  strictly  by  PMR using this
size measure would have resulted in several  counties being allocated a very
large proportion of the  sample  of  horticultural   establishments.  If the
strict PMR allocation were followed,  a large sampling fraction within some
counties would have resulted in the same or similar information obtained on
usages within the county.
    A compromise was employed by  reducing  the sampling rates within large
counties  and  thus  freeing  resources  to  collect  data  from additional
counties.  The positive benefit  is  that data were collected from counties
that were geographically more dispersed and thus were more likely to differ
In climate, type of  horticultural  production,  and  pesticide usage.  The
negative aspect  is that by  reducing   the sampling rates in large counties,
the probability  of an HE being selected 1s reduced and Its sampling weight,
if selected,  1s   increased.    The  variance  of  parameter estimates will
increase because of  the  unequal  weighting  that  results.    The sampling
fraction was never reduced below 1/4 of the rate as that for PMR only.
    To  select the  sample, the 180 PSUs were ordered using the same criteria
originally used  in   the  NHPUS  just   described.    The  size measures were
modified by dividing by 1, 2, or  4 to reflect the desired reduced sampling
rate  for the large counties.  The frame was stratified by Census Region and
                                    A-6

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the sample was selected by  PMR  with  modified  size measures.  The sample
allocation and the number of distinct counties are given 1n Table A.I.
     A.2.3  Selection of Second-Stage Sample
     The selection of the second-stage  sample Involved several steps.  The
sampling frames  for  the  PSUs  selected  were  constructed  using several
sources.    The  Membership  Directory   of  the  American  Association  of
Nurserymen (AAN) and the Dun and Bradstreet DMI computerized data file were
used  to  construct  from  two  to   six  strata  within  each  PSU.    The
establishments 1n these first two to  six  strata represented from 50 to 90
percent of nursery product sales,  depending  on the county.  To supplement
the DMI source, the State 11 censure  and dealer 11st were used to construct
up to five additional strata.  Table A.2 describes the 11 strata possible.
    All 11 strata were  required  because  of  the multiple sources used 1n
constructing the second-stage frames.  The  DMI file and AAN list were used
to construct strata 11, 12, 13, 21,  22,  and 23.  Units from these sources
were assigned to the appropriate  stratum depending upon their size measure
(If available) and the Standard  Industrial Classification (SIC) codes (for
DMI file) or AAN code.  State lists were used to supplement the DMI and AAN
sources for the remaining five  strata.    Units were assigned to strata 31
through 35 depending upon their size  measure (1f available), SIC codes,  or
classification on the State 11 censure 11st (1f available).
    For the first  six  strata,  lists  were  edited  to minimize duplicate
listing to the extent feasible.  The units selected for the last five
                                    A-7

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                 Table A.I  Summary of First-Stage  Sample
                            Number of                  Number of
  Stratum                PSUs Allocated            Distinct  Counties
Northeast                       25                         19
North Central                   25                         20
South                           26                         22
West                            27                         18
Total                          103                         79
                                    A-8

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            Table A.2  Second-Stage Strata  for HEPUS
Stratum                           Description
  11             Self-representing,  likely eUglbles
  12             Not self-representing,  likely eUglbles with
                 size measure
  13             Not self-representing,  likely eUglbles with no
                 size measure
  21             Self-representing,  possible eUglbles
  22             Not self-representing,  possible eUglbles with
                 size measure
  23             Not self-representing,  possible eUglbles with
                 no size measure
  31             Not self-representing,  likely eUglbles
                 (telephone screening component  [TSC])
  32             Not self-representing,  possible eUglbles (TSC)
  33             Likely/possible eUglbles (TSC)
  34             Self-representing,  likely eUglbles  (TSC)
  35             Self-representing,  possible eUglbles  (TSC)
                              A-9

-------
strata were compared with the frames  for  strata 11 through 23 to minimize
multiplicities to the extent feasible.
    Units in self-representing strata (11,  21,  34, 35) were selected with
certainty; units  in  strata  12  and  22  were  selected  with probability
proportional to their size; and units in strata 13,  23, 31, 32, and 33 were
selected with equal probabilities.   For  sample units in strata 11 through
23, names, addresses, and telephone  numbers  were sent to AARP supervisory
personnel for distribution to the  field.    Units  1n strata 31 through 35
were first screened by telephone  to inquire about eligibility before being
sent to the field.
A.3  Weight Calculation
     The probability that a unit was  selected in the sample was documented
for each stage and  phase  of  selection.    The sampling weight (W(s)) was
calculated for each unit  (with minor exception) using the formula:
                          W(s) = W(l) W(2) W(3),
where W(l), W(2), and W(3) were the Inverse of the probability of selection
for  stage  one   (phase   one),  stage  one  (phase  two),  and  stage  two,
respectively.     The  W(3)'s  were   adjusted  to  account  for  recognized
multiplicities.
    The weight calculation for  two  HEs,  ID  numbers  7671 and 10851, were
modified  from   the   above   formula    to   adjust   for  their  incorrect
classification.   These two HEs  were  selected  with a  small probability In
the second  stage because   they  were  Incorrectly  classified as small HEs.
Their second  stage selection probabilities  were  changed to 1, making them
certainty units  that more accurately reflect their size.  This modification
of the weight introduces  a statistical bias but should  substantially reduce
the variance  of  estimates to  which  they contribute.  Hence, the accuracy
                                   A-10

-------
(as measured  by  mean  squared  error)   of  the  estimates  to  which they
contribute should be Improved.
    Analytical weights for  each  cooperating  HE  were calculated by ratio
adjusting the sampling  weights  for  nonresponse within weighting classes.
The weight adjustments were done so  that the sum of weights of cooperating
HEs would accurately approximate the  number  of eligible HEs In the target
population.  The weight adjustments were done 1n two steps.  The first step
adjusted the weights within each  Census Division for successfully screened
sample units to compensate  for  those  that  refused screening or were not
screened for other  reasons.    The  second  step  adjusted the weights for
cooperating HEs to compensate for eligible  HEs that refuse to complete the
questionnaire.   The  weighting  classes  for  the  second adjustments were
defined by Census Division and second stage strata.
    The weight calculations and adjustments  were quality checked to reduce
errors and omissions to acceptable  levels using standard Research Triangle
Institute (RTI) quality control procedures.
A.4  Quality Control
     A comprehensive quality control  procedure was Implemented to minimize
errors and omissions  1n  the  data  resulting  from  implementation of the
HEPUS.  The quality control procedures are discussed 1n detail In the HEPUS
Quality Assurance Plan.2
27   Pierson, S., and  R.  Lucas,  1983.   National Nursery Pesticide Usage
     Survey Quality Assurance Plan.   Research Triangle Institute, Research
     Triangle Park, NC 27709.  RTI/2506/08-01F.  Prepared for the Office of
     Pesticide Programs, U.S. EPA, under contract 68-01646.
                                   A-ll

-------
    An additional  Important  quality  control   activity  was  performed to
enhance the accuracy and utility  of the data because correct Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) registration numbers  (reg.  nos.)  were essential in
calculating the amounts of  active  Ingredients  (AI) applied by the sample
HEs.  To minimize errors due  to  incorrect  or missing reg. nos., the reg.
nos. recorded on the questionnaire  were computer matched  with EPA computer
accessible data files containing reg.  nos.  and AI  code and their percent.
Approximately  79  percent  of  the  reg.  nos.  matched  Initially.    The
21-percent that did  not  match  (Including  Incorrect  numbers and missing
data) were reviewed by an  outside  expert  consultant who was able to make
educated judgments on the correct reg. nos. for approximately an additional
10 percent.  Hence, a  total  of  approximately 89 percent of the pesticide
data collected 1n the  survey  were  usable  In  estimating total usage and
usage patterns.  Hence, estimates of total usage derived from the data will
likely understate the true levels.  The effects of the unknown registration
numbers on estimates such as means or proportions 1s likely to be less than
that of totals.
A.5  Statistical Analysis
     The survey design and  associated  probability mechanism to select the
sample members in  PUSHSP  define  the  appropriate  methods of  statistical
analysis used  in  summarizing  the  data  collected  1n  the  survey.  The
estimates  presented  1n Chapter 2  properly  account for these factors.  The
numerical  calculation of the  estimates  and their variances would  normally
be  computed  using  existing  software   (SESUDAAN)3  specifically prepared for
 37    Shah,  B.V.,  1979.   SESUDAAN:  Standard Errors Program for Computing of
      Standardized  Rates  from  Sample  Survey  Data.    Research  Triangle
      Institute,  Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.  RTI/1789/00-01F.

                                   A-12

-------
analysis of data collected using complex  survey data.   The formulae can be
obtained  from  the  documentation  for  SESUDAAN.     However,   because  of
modifications to the  EPA  computer  Installation,  the National  Computation
Center,  the  existing  software  1s  not  working.    This  precluded  the
calculation of parameter variance estimates.  The point estimates presented
in Chapter 2,  totals  and  percentages,  were calculated using  Statistical
Analysis Software (SAS) programs.  The formula used to estimate  totals was:
    T  =   E   W(1) D(1) Y(1)
          1=1
where W(1) was the analytical weight for  the unit  1,  Y(1)  the  response for
unit 1, D(1) an  Indicator  random  variable  taking  on  the values 0 or 1
depending 1f unit 1 1s in the  domain  of Interest  or not,  and n the number
of cooperating n HEs.  Percentages were calculated  by dividing
      n
T by  E  W(1).
     1=1
                                   A-13

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                     APPENDIX B



NATIONAL NURSERY PESTICIDE USAGE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

-------
                                                              OMB * 20700-0015
                                                              Expires-5/31/84
      NATIONAL NURSERY PESTICIDE  USAGE SURVEY
                      Field Assignment and Control Form               ,
                                                            Control # _J
                        A. ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION
  1. Firm Name:

  2. Address:
 3. Telephone:     i_

 4. Contact Person: _

    Title:

    Telephone:     i_
                             B. RECORD OF CALLS
Day
of Week








Date








Mode
P T
P T
P T
P T
P T
P T
P T
P T
Time
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
am
pm
Notes








Result
Code'








Initials








                  •Result Codes (CIRCLE THE FINAL RESULT CODE)
018 Questionnaire fully completed
026 Appointment made
117 Respondent not in; call back
121 Temporarily away
125 Refusal
133 Breakoff; partial data
198 Unable to locate
202 Unable to contact
237 Out of business
261 Ineligible
307 Other (Specify in notes above)
                   C. PRIOR TELEPHONE SCREENING RESULTS
     This nursery was: D Previously screened by telephone    D  Not previously screened
                                    B—2

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1. Does this firm engage in any horticultural production? By horticultural production I mean the
   actual growth or production of plants, flowers, trees, sod or seeds, as opposed to a business
   whose only horticultural activity is buying plants for immediate resale and/or use.

             01  Yes

             02  No - TERMINATE INTERVIEW AND SAY:

   Thank you for your time, however since your firm is not involved in any horticultural produc-
   tion we will not need to ask further questions for this study. I appreciate your cooperation and
   time.

2. a.  In which of the following horticultural activities was this firm involved during 1982? READ
      EACH CATEGORY AND CIRCLE YES OR NO.
                                                                    Yes         No
      1. Nursery production including bedding plants, foliage plants,
        trees  (flowering and shade), shrubs,  and bulbs  (exclude
2. Floral production including potted and cut flowers 	
3. Sod growing 	
4. Production of seed (flower and vegetable) and greenhouse
vegetables (for non-agricultural use only) 	
5. Landscape architecture/ maintenance (including plant rentals) .
6. Other (SPECIFY!:
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
   b.  Did this firm grow and sell at least $2,000 worth of horticultural products during 1982?

               01  Yes

               02  No - TERMINATE INTERVIEW AND SAY:

   Thank you for your time, however since your firm's total horticultural sales are less than
   $2,000 we will not need to ask further questions for this study. I appreciate your cooperation
   and time.
                                          B-3

-------
                                                                   ( 2548
                                                            Control #	
3.  Does this firm conduct any horticultural business, including wholesale or retail sales and/or
   production, at any location other than this one?

           01  Yes - SKIP TO Q.7 ON PAGE 4

           02  No

4.  Does this firm sell its horticultural products on a retail basis only, on a wholesale basis only,
   or on both a wholesale and retail basis?

           01  Retail Only

           02  Wholesale Only

           03  Both

5.  I need to get some specific information about the pesticide products used by your firm in its
   horticultural activities, such as the product names and EPA registration numbers, amounts
   used, money spent for product purchase, pests being controlled, and so forth. Can you or
   someone else supply this type of pesticide usage information for your firm?

           01  RESPONDENT CAN SUPPLY ALL INFORMATION - SKIP TO Q.10 ON
               PAGES

           02  OTHER PERSON(S) OR SOME COMBINATION OF RESPONDENT AND
               OTHER PERSON(S)

6.  a. LIST NAMES OF ALL PERSONS WHOM YOU WILL NEED TO INTERVIEW IN ORDER
     TO OBTAIN THE INFORMATION. FOR EACH PERSON LISTED, DESCRIBE THE
     SPECIFIC BUSINESS SEGMENT(S) FOR WHICH THE PERSON WILL REPORT
     PESTICIDE USAGE.
                                                       Reporting Segment
                            Name                    (Example: Greenhouses)
     D    i:

     D    2.
   b. Which of the above persons are available to provide this information? IN THE CHART
     ABOVE, PLACE A CHECK IN THE BOX BESIDE EACH PERSON WHOM YOU WILL
     INTERVIEW.

     ARRANGE TO INTERVIEW PERSONS WHO ARE AVAILABLE, IN A GROUP IF POSSI-
     BLE, OR IF NO, THEN SEPARATELY.

     BEGIN INTERVIEW AT Q.10 ON PAGE 5.


                                        B-4

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7.   a. What are the names and addresses of these other locations? RECORD NAMES AND
      ADDRESSES ON CHART BELOW. IF MORE THAN TWO OTHER LOCATIONS, USE
      SEPARATE SHEET AND CHECK THIS BOX D.

    b. Is horticultural production or wholesale or retail sales conducted there? CHECK ALL
      THAT APPLY FOR EACH LOCATION ON CHART BELOW.

    c. What percent of your firm's total horticultural production activities takes place at  each of
      these locations? RECORD PERCENT FOR EACH LOCATION ON CHART BELOW.
          a.  Name:

             Address:
 Location
          b.  D Horticultural Production
             D Wholesale Sales
             D Retail Sales
c.  Percent of
   Production
          a.  Name:

             Address:
 Location
          b.  D Horticultural Production

             D Wholesale Sales

             D Retail Sales
c.  Percent of
   Production
n
8. I need to get some specific information about the pesticide products used by your firm in its
   horticultural activities at these locations, such as the product names and EPA registration
   numbers, amounts used, money spent for product purchase, pests being controlled, and so
   forth. Who would I need to speak with in order to get this type of pesticide usage information
   for all your firm's locations?

            01  RESPONDENT CAN SUPPLY ALL INFORMATION  - SKIP TO Q.10 ON
                PAGES

            02  OTHER PERSON(S) OR SOME COMBINATION OF RESPONDENT AND
                OTHER PERSON(S)
                                      B-5

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9.   a. LIST NAMES OF ALL PERSONS WHOM YOU WILL NEED TO INTERVIEW IN ORDER
      TO OBTAIN THE INFORMATION. FOR EACH PERSON LISTED, DESCRIBE THE
      SPECIFIC BUSINESS SEGMENT AND PHYSICAL LOCATION(S) FOR WHICH THE
      PERSON WILL REPORT PESTICIDE USAGE.

                                                       Reporting Segment—
                                                       Activities and Locations
                                                     (Example: Greenhouses at
                             Name                       Locations 1 and 2)
      D    i.
      D    2.
      D    3.
    b. Which of the above persons are available to provide this information? IN THE CHART
      ABOVE, PLACE A CHECK IN THE BOX BESIDE EACH PERSON WHOM YOU WILL
      INTERVIEW.
      ARRANGE TO INTERVIEW PERSONS WHO ARE AVAILABLE, EITHER IN A GROUP
      INTERVIEW OR SEPARATELY. FOR THE REST OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE, ALL
      QUESTIONS WILL REFER TO THE BUSINESS SEGMENT(S) AND LOCATION(S)
      IDENTIFIED IN Q.9 ABOVE.
      BEGIN INTERVIEW AT Q.10 ON PAGE 5.

10.  Were any chemical pesticides used in this firm's horticultural activities during 1982? Include
    pesticides applied by other firms.

             01  Yes

             02  No - SKIP TO Q.25

11.  Were any of these pesticides applied by you or other employees of this firm, as opposed to
    being applied by a contractor or hired firm?

             01  Yes

             02  No - SKIP TO Q.20

    Now I need to obtain specific information about the pesticide products used in your horticul-
    tural activities during 1982, such as the names and EPA registration numbers of products, the
    amounts used, and the money spent on pesticide purchases.

12.  I am interested in obtaining this pesticide information for calendar year 1982, from January 1
    to December 31. Is this information available for that time period?

             01  Yes - SKIP TO Q. 14

             02  No

13.  For what time period can you supply this information?
                                        B-6
             	to	

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14.  Now I'm going to ask you some questions about the types and amounts of various pesticides
    which you use during the year. Hand handbook to respondent.

    Reading from the list of pesticides, please tell me the names and numbers of any of those which
    you used in the calendar year 1982. For each one used, I will ask you how much you use, where
    you used it, etc. So could you first look at the insecticides.

FOR EACH SEPARATE PESTICIDE PRODUCT:

A. RECORD PESTICIDE CODE NUMBER IN COLUMN A.
B. RECORD EPA REGISTRATION NUMBER IN COLUMN B. IF EPA REGISTRATION NUMBER IS NOT AVAILABLE
  RECORD PERCENT ACTIVE INGREDIENT, MANUFACTURER, BRAND NAME OR ANY OTHER IDENTIFYING
  INFORMATION AVAILABLE.
        I  Read the column headings and record in the columns—after insecticides, go to fungicides, etc.
A
Pesticide
i>
Enter Code)




















B
EPA Reg.
it
From Label)




















C
:ormulanon
Code
inter Code *)




















D
Concentration
Code
(Circle)
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
K C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R B-c?
E
Total
Amount




















Unit Code

Fill in Unit Codes)
bs . gal , oz . etc.)





















Green House
1
%




















2.
Principal
Target Pests
















































































3.
Times


















•"


-------
C. LOOK AT FORMULATION CODE LIST. What code corresponds to the formulation of this product? RECORD CODE IN
   COLUMN C.
D. Is this product a concentrate or ready-to-use? CIRCLE CODE IN COLUMN D. (READY-TO-USE = R; CONCEN-
   TRATE = C)
E. To the best of your knowledge, what is the total amount of this pesticide that was applied by your firm during (1982 OR
   TIME PERIOD)? (IF CONCENTRATE, ADD: Give me the actual amount used before the concentrate was mixed.) IN
   COLUMN E ENTER AMOUNT AND THE CORRESPONDING MEASUREMENT UNIT CODE.
F. 1. What percent of the total amount used was applied to each of the following categories? READ EACH CATEGORY IN
     COLUMN F AND ENTER PERCENTAGE.
   2. FOR EACH CATEGORY WHERE APPLIED, ASK: What was the principal pest you were trying to control with this
     product at (READ SITE CATEGORY). ENTER UP TO FOUR PEST CODES FOR EACH APPLICABLE SITE IN
     COLUMN F. DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES ENTER MORE THAN FOUR CODES. IF THERE ARE
     MORE THAN FOUR TARGET PESTS, HAVE RESPONDENT CHOOSE THE PRINCIPAL FOUR PESTS.
   3. FOR EACH CATEGORY WHERE APPLIED, ASK: How many times during (1982 OR TIME PERIOD) was this
     product applied to (READ EACH SITE CATEGORY). ENTER NUMBER FOR EACH APPLICABLE  SITE IN
     COLUMN F.
                                                                   Control* f. £548
F
SITE USAGE CHART
Percent Applied. Target Pests, Times Applied
Outdoor Woody
2.
Principal
Target Pests
















































































3.
Times




















Floral and
Other Outdoor
1.
%




















2.
Principal
Target Pests
















































































3.
Times




















Soil
1.
%




















2.
Principal
Target Pests
















































































3.
Times




















Non-Horticultural
1
%




















2.
Principal
Target Pests
















































































3
Times




















                                               B-8

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15. Arc there any pesticide products applied by your firm during (1982 or TIME PERIOD) that we
   have not listed?

        01  No

        02  Yes - FOR EACH ADDITIONAL PRODUCT REPEAT Q.14A-F
   INTERVIEWER CHECKPOINT:

   CHECK TO SEE THAT AT LEAST ONE ENTRY ON THE CHART HAS BEEN MADE FOR
   EACH PESTICIDE CODE CHECKED BY THE RESPONDENT. ADD ANY MISSING PROD-
   UCTS TO THE CHART BEFORE GOING TO THE NEXT SECTION.
16. Were any undesirable side effects associated with the use of any of these products during
   (PERIOD)? This would include side effects to humans or plants? IF MORE THAN TWO SIDE
   EFFECTS, USE SEPARATE SHEET AND CHECK THIS BOX D.

        01 Yes - ASK FOR DESCRIPTION OF SIDE EFFECT(S); ENTER THE PESTICIDE
                 CODE NUMBER AND COMPLETE THE CHART BELOW.

        02  No

        Pesticide
          Code                         DESCRIPTION
                 01  Plant Damage — Dollar Amount of Loss $ I  I   I  I  I

                 02  Nausea

                 03  Dizziness

                 04  Skin Rash

                 05  Other (SPECIFY)	
                 01  Plant Damage — Dollar Amount of Loss $ I  I   I  I  I

                 02  Nausea

                 03  Dizziness

                 04  Skin Rash

                 05  Other (SPECIFY)	
                                    B-9

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17. Approximately how much money was spent during this time period for the purchase of
    pesticides? Exclude money paid to contractors or outside firms for pesticide application.
    ROUND TO NEAREST DOLLAR.
                       DK - Don't Know
         I   I  I  I      DC    £7"""""   [Circle]
         I   I  I  I   I   RE  -  Refused      L      J
18. What percentage of this amount was for pesticides:

    a.  applied to horticultural products on your business's property?
    i—-—,—-          DK  -  Don't Know   r~.  . .
    rm %        RE  -  Refused      fCirde]

    b.  applied to the property of others, for example, for landscape maintenance?
    ,—-—-—,          DK  -  Don't Know   ,„.  . ,
    rm %        RE  -  Refused      [CircIe]

    c.  purchased and later sold over-the-counter to other firms or individuals?
    i—,—,—-          DK  -  Don't Know   ,„.  . ,
    FTTH %        RE  -  Refused      [Circle]

    d.  used in non-horticultural areas?
    ,—-—,—,          DK  -  Don't Know   .„.  .
    I   I   I   I %        RE  -  Refused      [Circle]

19. Are you or any of your employees certified to apply pesticides?

          01  Yes

          02  No

20. Did this firm hire or contract with any firm(s) to apply pesticides for horticultural purposes to
    any of its business locations during (PERIOD)?

          01  Yes

          02  No - SKIPTOQ.24

21. Did your firm furnish any of the pesticides applied by the other firm(s)?

          01  Yes

          02  No - SKIP TO Q.23

22. When you told me about your firm's pesticide usage earlier, did you include these pesticides
    that your firm supplied to contractors?

          01  Yes

          02  No
                                            B-10

-------
23. What was the total cost of this/these contract(s) with another/other firm(s) for (PERIOD)?

    .Mill

24. During (1982 or TIME PERIOD) did you consult any of the following types of individuals or
    materials about a pest problem you had? IF YES, PROBE FOR FREQUENCY AND CIRCLE
    CODE.

                                           Yes, Often
                                           (More than           Yes, Few
                   Category                 5 times)            (1-5 Times)         Never

    Salesperson or distributor	01	02	03

    USDA bulletins	01	02	03

    Extension specialist (university or county)	01	02	03

    State association newsletter	01	02	03

    Chemical company representative	01	02	03

    Other nurserymen	01	02	03

    Nursery magazines	01	02	03

    Other (SPECIFY)	

    	01	02	03

25. In recent years new methods for controlling pests have been developed which consist of inte-
    grated plans using an optimal combination of biological, chemical, and nonchemical
    methods. Some of these plans rely exclusively on biological and nonchemical methods, while
    other plans incorporate chemical methods.

    a.  Did  your firm rely solely on non-chemical, biological, or cultural pest control methods dur-
       ing 1982?

         01   Yes -  GO TO C. ON FOLLOWING PAGE

         02  No

    b.  Approximately what percentage of your pest  control activities incorporate chemicals with
       non-chemical, biological, or cultural pest control methods?

          01    0 - 24%

          02  25-49%
                             (Circle only one code)
          03  50-74%                      _  ,,
                                            B—11

          04  75 - 100%

-------
   c. Do you apply pesticides on a regular fb = i sched'da withou- record tc a p.iric'_Lar ixs:
      problem?

         01   Yas

         02  No

    d.  Which of the following 1PM methods did your firm use?

         01  Selection and timing of pesticides

         01  Biorational or biological controls

         01  Cultural control methods             (Circle all that apply)

         01  Monitoring or scouting

         01  Other  (SPECIFY) 	
26. During (1982 OR TIME PERIOD) did you have any pest problems for which no effective con-
    trol methods were available?

          01  Yes

          02  No - SKIP TO Q.28

27. What were the problem pests and what plants were being affected? What was the estimated
    dollar loss because no effective control existed?

                   Pests                           Plants Affected             Dollar Loss
                                                                             (Wholesale
                                                                            replacement
                                                                             costs only)

    	  	  $ 	
                                                                            $

                                                                            $

                                                                            $
                                            B-12

-------
28. Now I'd like to ask a few financial questions in order to characterize your business in relation
    to other nursery businesses. This information, as with all information you have given me, will
    be held in strict confidence.

    Is this firm a partnership, corporation, or sole proprietorship?

          01   Partnership

          02   Corporation

          03   Sole proprietorship

          04   Other (SPECIFY)	
29. What was the approximate total gross revenues for this business during 1982? Tell me which
    revenue category applies to this business. CIRCLE ONE CODE. REMEMBER TO OBTAIN
    REVENUE AMOUNT ONLY FOR THE ACTIVITIES/LOCATIONS LISTED IN Q.6 OR Q.9.

          01  Less than $25.000

          02  $25,000 to $49,999

          03  $50,000 to $99,999

          04  $100,000 to $499,999

          05  $500,000 to $999,999

          06  Above $1 million

          07  REFUSED [DO NOT READ. Check only after respondent refuses.]

30. What percent of this revenue was from horticultural sales?
               -I—|    DK - Don't Know   r~.  . .
               JJ % RE - Refused      [Cirde]
31. Has this firm been involved in a split or merger involving another firm since January 1, 1982?

          01  Yes

          02  No
                                         B-13

-------
32. I need some specific information about your firm's activities. [REMEMBER TO OBTAIN THIS
    INFORMATION ONLY FOR THE ACTIVITIES/LOCATIONS LISTED IN Q.6 OR Q.9]

    a. How many greenhouses do you have? Include plastic and glass covered greenhouses as
      well as coldframes.
                      Greenhouses
    b. How much ground space is covered by these greenhouses?
                        -i  |—I   01  Square Feet
                        J.I	I   02  Acres
    c.  How much growing space do you have in open areas?
          1  1   |  i  i   i  I   i—1   01 Sc*uare
          I  I   I  I  I   I  I  . LJ   02 Acres
 33. Have you used about the same amount of pesticides this year as you did during each of the
    previous three years?

         01   Yes

         02   No -  Kxpl.iin
34.  a. Did you use records to answer the product usage questions?

         01  Yes -

         02  No - (SKIP B. BELOW)

    b. What records or information sources did you consult?

         01  Purchase Records

         02  Usage Records

         03  Inventory Records

         04  Other (SPECIFY) 	
                                   (NORMAL END)

We have come to the end of my questions. Thank you very much for your cooperation and time. (Go
to Records or place where pesticides are stored and obtain EPA Registration Numbers.)

                                            B-14

-------
      APPENDIX C



USER FILE DOCUMENTATION

-------
                          User File Documentation

C.I Overview
    This appendix describes the user file  constructed for the PUSHSP.  The
proper analysis and  Interpretation  of  data  on  this  file depends on an
understanding of the sample design,  the survey questionnaire, and the data
editing after the data has  been  collected.   Potential  users of this file
are strongly urged to review  the  questionnaire (see Appendix B) and other
sections of this report prior to performing analyses.
    The user file 1s  stored  on-line  at Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA's) National Computing Center  1n DSN=FWIBFSD.NNPUS.SAS.USERFILE and 1s
partitioned  Into  five  SAS  datasets,  as   shown  in  Table  C.I.    The
five-dataset configuration was chosen for  ease  of use and to decrease the
amount of redundant Information and storage requirements for the file.  The
datasets can  be  merged  by  using  record  Identification   (ID) variables
created specifically for this purpose (see  Table C.2).  The  ID variable 1s
an arbitrary, unique Identifier  of  a  sampling unit; the AIJ.INK variable
identifies a single line  of  response  to  Question 14 (e.g., each product
reported by a respondent was assigned an arbitrary AI_LINK number).
    Some nurseries were represented 1n the sample by more than one sampling
unit  and are therefore represented on the datasets by multiple records.  To
obtain accurate, unweighted counts or  estimates, it is therefore necessary
to subset the datasets to a single record per respondent.  This can be done
by removing the  last digit of  the ID (e.g., NEWID=INT (ID/10;) and keeping
only  one record  per  NEWID   (e.g.,  DATA  WORK2;  SET  WORK1, BY NEWID; IF
FIRST.NEWID;).

-------
           Table C.I  SAS Datasets in the Horticultural Establishment Pesticide Usage Survey User File
o
 i
to
SAS
dataset name
PRODUCTS
AIAMTS
Record-level
Product within sampling
unit
Active ingredient within
Number of
observations
7289
7893
Sorted
ID, AI_
ID, AI_
by
LINK
LINK
General description
Data from Question 14.
Active ingredient
      MAINQUEX
      SIDE EFF
      PROBPEST
                        product within sampling
                        unit
Sampling unit
Product within sampling
unit

Pest within sampling unit
671
 70
184
ID



ID, AIJLINK


ID
amount for products
assigned valid EPA
registration numbers.

Data from most fixed
length nonusage ques-
tions .

Data from Question 16.
Data from Question 27.

-------
       Table C.2  Variables for Merging  the  SAS  Datasets  1n  the
Pesticide Usage Survey of Horticultural  Specialties  Producers  User  File
   Dataset 1                   Dataset 2                 Merge  by


   PRODUCTS                    AIAMTS                   ID,  AIJ.INK

   PRODUCTS                    MAINQUEX                 ID

   MAINQUEX                    PROBPEST                 ID

   PRODUCTS                    SIDE_EFF                 ID,  AIJ.INK
                                  C-4

-------
    Only observations for eligible,  cooperating respondents are Included in
the datasets.  The nonresponse-adjusted weight is included on the PRODUCTS,
AIAMTS, and MAINQUEX datasets as  the  variable  WEIGHT  and can be used to
compute weighted totals and proportions.
    The following sections provide detailed descriptions of the datasets.
C.2 Datasets
    C.2.1  The PRODUCTS Dataset
    This dataset contains  one  observation  for  each  product reported in
Question 14 by an eligible, cooperating respondent.  Variables on this file
are listed in Table C.3.    The  pesticide  and  target pest codes shown in
Exhibit  C-l  are  identical  to   those   that  were  used  by  the  field
Interviewers.  The meanings of the  CONFID  and UNITCODE codes are given 1n
Table C.4
    C.2.2  The AIAMTS Dataset
    For each observation on the PRODUCTS dataset having an EPA registration
number matching an entry in the EPA product database, there are one or more
active ingredient-level observations on  the  AIAMTS  dataset that give the
pounds of active  Ingredient  corresponding  to  the  reported  usage.  The
transformation  of  the  reported  product  usage  into  pounds  of  active
ingredient usage was accomplished by  first standardizing the product usage
to  units  of  pounds  and  then  applying  the  percent  active Ingredient
information  (variable PERCENT) from the  EPA database.  Standard EPA active
ingredient codes are used  to  Identify  active ingredients 1n this dataset
(variable AICODE); the variables are listed in Table C.5.
    C.2.3  The MAINQUEX Dataset
    Most of  the nonusage questions (I.e., questions other than Question 14)
are represented on this dataset.    Table  C.6  lists the variables 1n this
dataset.  In general, the codes used for the variables are identical to the
                                   C-5

-------
                                                           Table  C.3
                                                CONTENTS OF SAS DATA SET   PRODUCTS
TRACKS USED=7S  SUBEXTENTS=1  GBSERVATIONS=72S9  CREATED BY OS JOB FWINURS  ON CPUID 03-3081-O22779
AT 13:36 FRIDAY. SEPTEMBER 23, 1984     BY SAS RELEASE S2.4  DSNAME=FUIBFSD.NNPUS.SAS.USERFILE  BLKSIZE=19016  LRECL=196
OBSERVATIONS PER TRACk=97  GENERATED BY PROC SORT
                                                    ALPHABETIC LIST OF VARIABLES
                 «  VARIABLE  TYPE LENGTH POSITION  FORMAT         INFORMAT  LABEL

                                                                             NO. TO LINK AI RECORD TO REG.NUM RECORD
                                                                             REPORTED AMOUNT
                                                                             PRODUCT AMOUNT IN POUNDS
                                                                             CENSUS REGION
                                                                             CONCENTRATION CODE
                                                                             CONFIDENCE CODE FOR REG-NUM
                                                                             FLORAL AND OTHER OUTDOOR:  TARGET PEST 1
                                                                             FLORAL AND OTHER OUTDOOR:
                                                                             FLORAL AND OTHER OUTDOOR:
                                                                             FLORAL AND OTHER OUTDOOR:
                                                                             FLORAL AND OTHER OUTDOOR:
                                                                             FLORAL AND OTHER OUTDOOR:
                                                                             FORMULATION CODE
                                                                             GREEN HOUSE: TARGET PEST 1
                                                                             GREEN HOUSE: TARGET FEST 2
                                                                             GREEN HOUSE: TARGET PEST 3
                                                                             GREEN HOUSE: TARGET PEST 4
                                                                             GREEN HOUSE: PERCENT
                                                                             GREEN HOUSE: TIMES APPLIED
                                                                             UNICUE SAMPLING UNIT IDENTIFIER
                                                                             NON-HORTICULTURAL: TARGET PEST 1
                                                                                                TARGET PEST 2
                                                                                                TARGET FEST 3
                                                                                                TARGET PEST 4
                                                                                                PERCENT
                                                                                                TIMES APPLIED
39
4
41
42
3
38
19
10
il
22
13
23
•^
7
? S
01 9
10
6
11
44
31
32
33
34
30
35
37
13
14
15
16
12
17
1
•Ji,
Z5
26
27
28
_1
1?
40
5
43
AI_LINK
AMT
AMTLBS
CENREG
CONC
CONFID
FOOP1
FOOP2
FOGF3
FOOF 4
FOOPCT
FOOTA
FORK
GHP1
GHP2
GHP3
GHP4
GHPC T
GHTA
ID
NHP1
NHP:.-
NHP3
NHP4
NH(- C T
NUT A
OREG_NUM
OWP1
OWP2
OWP3
OWF4
OWFCT
OWTA
PC ODE
hkG_NUM
£P1
£P2
SP3
SP4
•It LT
Slfi
UN I TC ODE
UNI IS
WEIGHT
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
3
S
S
*>
2
2
4
4
4
4
8
f*
2
4
4
4
4
8
*-t
3
4
4
4
4
8
•>
6
4
4
4
4
e
2
3
S
4
4
4
4
e
^
2
5
S
170
11
175
183
9
16S
S4
33
92
96
76
100
7
32
36
40
44
24
43
193
136
140
144
143
123
152
162
53
62
66
70
50
74
4
154
110
114
US
122
102
126
173
19
135
                          TARGET PEST 2
                          TARGET PEST 3
                          TARGET PEST 4
                          PERCENT
                          TIMES APPLIED
NON-HORTIC UL TUR AL:
NON-HORTIC ULTURAL s
NON-HORTICULTURAL:
NON-HORTICULTURAL:
NON-HORTICULTURAL:
REPORTED EPA REGISTRATION NUMBER
OUTDOOR WOODY: TARGET PEST 1
               TARGET PEST 2
               TARGET PEST 3
               TARGET PEST 4
               PERCENT
               TIMES APPLIED
OUTDOOR WOODY:
OUTDOOR WOODY:
OUTDOOR WOODY:
OUTDOOR WOODY:
OUTDOOR WOODY:
PESTICIDE CODE
ANALYSIS EPA REGISTRATION NUMBER
SOIL: TARGET PEST 1
      TARGET PEST 2
      TARGET FEST 3
      TARGET PEST 4
      PEftCliMT
      TII1IIL APPLIED
STANDARDIZED UNIT CODE
REPORTED UNITS
NONNESPONSE- ADJUSTED SAMPLING WEIGHT
                                                                             SOIL:
                                                                             SOIL:
                                                                             SOIL:
                                                                             •i.O IL:

-------
       Exhibit C-l

HANDBOOK OF PESTICIDES
   AND TARGET PESTS
     A. INSECTICIDES
     B. FUNGICIDES
     C. HERBICIDES
          C-7

-------
Exhibit C-l  (continued)
A. Insecticides
Trade Name
A-l Cythion
A-2 Malathion
A-3 Sevin
A-4 Spectracide
A-5 Diazinon
A-6 Orthane
A-7 Lindane
A-8 Cygon
A-9 Dimcthodate
A-10 Dicofol
A- 11 Kelthane
A-12 Metasystox
A-13 Temik
A-14 Dipel
A-l 5 Thuricide
A-l 6 Pentac
A-17 Marlate
A-l 8 Methoxychlor
A-19 Systox
A-20 Plictran
A-21 Guthion
A-22 Karathane
A-23 Dursban
A-24 Thiodan
A-25 Tiovel
Common Name
malathion
malathion
carbaryl
diazinon
diazinon
acephate
lindane
dimethoate
dimethoate
dicofol
dicofol
•
oxydemeton-methyl
aldicarb
bacillus thuringiensis
bacillus thuringiensis
dienochlor
methoxychlor
methoxychlor
demeton
cyhexatin
azinphas-methyl
dinocap
chlorpyrifos
endosulfan
endosulfan
Trade Name
A-26 Omite
A-27 Vendex
A-28 Toxaphene
A-29 Vydate-L
A-30 Pirimor
A-31 Lannate
A-32 Nudrin
A-33 Morestan
A-34 Ethion
A-35 Synthrin
A-36 Dylox
A-37 Proxol
A-38 Disyston
A-39 Bladafum
A-40 Dithione
A-41 Imidan
A-42 Superior Oils
A-43 Dormant Oils
A-44 VolckOils
A-45 Ambush
A-46 Pounce
A-47 Pramex
A-48 Enstar
A-49 Mesurol
A-50 Methyl Bromide
Common Name
propargite
fembutatin-oxide
toxaphene
oxamyl
pirimicarb
methomyl
methomyl
oxythioquinox
ethion
resmethrin
trichlofon
trichlofon
disulfoton
sulfotepp
sulfotepp
phosmet
petroleum oils
petroleum oils
petroleum oils
permethrin
permethrin
permethrin
Kinoprene
mercaptodimethur
bromomethane
         C-8

-------
Exhibit C-l  (continued)
Trade Name
A-51 Zectran
A-52 Dyfonate
A-53 Dymet
A-54 Thimet
A-55 Parathion
A-56 Penncap M
A-57 Methyl Parathion
A-58 Baam
A-59 Arscnate of Lead
A-60 Furadan
A-61 Trithion
A-62 Acaraben
A-63 Sumithion
A-64 Dasanit
A-65 Metaldehyde
A-66 Azodrin
A-67 Dibrom
A-68 Zolone
A-69 Phosphamidon
A-70 Rotenone
A-71 TedionV-18
Common Name
mexacarbate
fonofos
dymet
phorate
parathion
methyl parathron
(encapsulated)
methyl parathion
amitraz
arsenate of lead
carbofuran
carbophenothion
chlorobenzilate
fenitrothian
fensulfothion
metaldehyde
monocrotophos
nalid
phosalone
phosphamidon
rotenone
tetradifon
A-73 Other (specify)
r.-i
Insects
A-76
A-77
A-78
A-79
A-80
A-81
A-82
A-83
A-84
A-85
A-86
A-87
A-88
A-89
A-90
A-91
A-92
A-93
A-94
A-95
A-96
A-97
A-98
A-99
A-100
A-101
Aphids
Bagworms
Beetles
Borers
Caseborers
Clearwing Moths
Curculios
Cutworms
Fruit Flies
Leaf Cutters
Leaf Hoppers
Leaf Miners
Leaf Rollers
Mealy Bugs
Mites
Pear Psyllids
Root Worms
Sawflies
Scales
Spittlebug
Thrips
Webworms
Weevils
Whiteflies
Wireworms
Other

-------
Exhibit C.I  Handbook of Pesticides and Target Pest (continued)

             A102 Mollusks (slugs, snails, etc.)
             A103 Nematodes
             A104 Other Worm
             A105 Caterpillar/centipede
             A106 Rodents (mice, rabbits, etc.)
             A107 Ants
             A108 Deer
             A109 Midges
             A110 Fungus Gnat
             Alll P111 Bugs
                            C-10

-------
Exhibit C-l  (continued)
B. Fungicides
Trade Name
B-l Benlate
B-2 Captan
B-3 Amobam
B-4 Dithane M-45
B-5 Fore
B-6 Manzate
B-7 Dithane Z-78
B-8 Polyram-Z
B-9 Carbamate
B-10 Terrazole
B-ll Truban
B-12 Agrimycin
B-13 Agri-strep
B-14 Terraclor
B-15 Bancot
B-16 Bravo
B-17 Daconil2787
B-l 8 Dixon
B-l 9 Lesan
B-20 Tri-Basic Copper
Sulfate
B-21 Kocide
B-22 Cyprex
B-23 Acti-dione
B-24 Ridomil
B-25 Subdue 5SP
B-26 Plantvax
Common Name
benomyl
captan
amoban
mancozeb
mancozeb
maneb
zineb
zineb
ferbam
terrazole
ethazol
streptomycin
streptomycin
PCNB
bancot
chlorothalonil
chlorothalonil
fenaminosulf
fenaminosulf
copper sulfate, basic
copper hydroxide
dodine
cycloheximide
metalaxyl
metalaxyl
oxycarboxin
Trade Name
B-27 Formaldehyde
B-28 Formalin
B-29 Rovral
B-30 Chipco 26019
B-31 Botran
B-32 Citcop4E
B-33 Triforine
B-34 Funginex
B-35 Phaltan
B-36 Bordeaux
mixture
B-37 Tusan75
B-38 Thylate
B-39 Bayleton
B-40 Difolatan
B-41 Karathane
B-42 Lime Sulfur
B-43 Pipron
B-44 COCS
B-45 DowfumeMC-2
Common Name
methanal
methanal
iprodione
iprodione
DCNA
copper resinate
triforine
triforine
folpet
hydrated lime/
copper sulfate
thiram
thiram
triadimefon
captafol
dinocap
calcium polysulfides
piperalin
copper oxychloride
sulfate
methyl bromide/
chloropicrin
B-46 Dowfume MC-33 methyl bromide/
chloropicrin
B-47 Morsedren
B-48 Du-Ter
methyl mercury
triphenyltin hydroxide
B-49 Other (specify)
C-ll

-------
Exhibit C-l  (continued)
Diseases
B-50 Anthracnose
B-51 Bacterial Wilt
B-52 Bark Canker
B-53 Black Knot
B-54 Botrytis
B-55 Brown Rot
B-56 Crown Gall
B-57 Crown Rot
B-58 Damping Off
B-59 Dieback
B-60 Downy Mildew
B-61 Fire Blight
B-62 Fusarium Wilt
B-63 Hairy Root
B-64 Leaf Blight
B-65 Leaf Scorch
B-66 Leaf Spot
B-67 Needle Blight
B-68 Needle Cast
B-69 Needle Rust
B-70 Orange Rust
B-71 Petal Blight
B-72 Phytophtora
B-73 Powdery Mildew
B-74 Pythium
C-
Diseases
B-75 Root Rot
B-76 Rust
B-77 Rust Gall
B-78 Stem Rot
B-79 Stem Canker
B-80 Trunk Canker
B-81 Twig Blight
B-82 Twig Canker
B-83 Verticillium Wilt
B-84 Witches' Broom
B-85 Other (specify)














2

-------
                              Exhibit  C-l   (continued)
C. Herbicides
Trade Name
C-l Roundup
C-2 Princep
C-3 Ronstar
C-4 Treflan
C-5 Paraquat
C-6 Casoron
C-7 Surflan
C-8 2,4-D
C-9 Dacthal
C-10 Devrinol
C-ll Kerb
C-12 Dymid
C-13 Enide
C-14 Dowpon
C-15 Estam
C-l 6 Lasso
C-17 Aatrex
C-18 Pramitol
C-19 Diquat
C-20 Trimec
C-21 Banvel
C-22 Phytar560
C-23 Rad-E-Cate25
C-24 MSMA
Common Name
glyphosate
simazine
oxadiazon
trifluralin
paraquat
dichlobenil
oryzalin
2,4-D
DCPA
napropamide
pronamide
diphenamid
diphenamid
dalapon
EPTC
alachlor
atrazine
prometon
diquat
2,4-D/ mecoprop/
dicamba
dianat
cacodylic acid
cacodylic acid
MSMA
                                              Trade Name

                                             C-25  Basagran

                                             C-26  Tupusan

                                             C-27  Karmex

                                             C-28  Hyvar

                                             C-29  Goal

                                             C-30  Tenoran

                                             C-31  Spike
                                             C-32  Cytrol-
                                            	Amitrole-T

                                             C-33  Furloe
                                             C-35 Weedor

                                             C-36 Endothal
                                             C-38  Lorox

                                             C-39  Dual

                                             C-40  Tok

                                             C-41  Asulox

                                             C-42  Balan

                                             C-43  Dinitro

                                             C-44  Premerge

                                             C-45  Vapam

                                             C-46  Amizine

                                             C-47  Animate

                                             C-48  Modown
                                                Common Name

                                             bentazon	

                                             siduron	

                                             diuron	

                                             bromacil	

                                             oxyfluorfen	

                                             chloroxuron	

                                             tebuthiuron	
                                             amitrole
                                             chloropropham
                                             C-34  Chloro-IPC     chloropropham
                                             MCPA

                                             endothal
                                             C-37  BromOgas	methyl bromide
C-25 Basagran
bentazon
C-49 Amiben
linuron	

metolachlor	

nitrofen	

asulam	

benefin	

dinoseb or DNBP

dinoseb or DNBP

metam-sodium	

amitrole/princep	

ammonium sulfamate

bifenox	

chloramben
                                          C-13

-------
                              Exhibit C-l  (continued)
 Trade Name
   Common Name
C-50  Telone
dichloropropene
C-51  Velpar
hexazinone
C-52  Sencor
metribuzin
C-53  Planavin
nitralin
C-54  Other (specify)
                                         C-]
                  Weeds
C-60   Pre-emergence • annual grasses	

C-61   Pre-emergence - annual weeds	

C-62   Annual grasses - summer	

C-63   Annual grasses - winter	

C-64   Annual broadleaf weeds - summer

C-65   Annual broadleaf weeds • winter	

C-66   Perennial grasses	

C-67   Perennial broadleaf weeds	

C-68   Digitarius (Smooth Crab. Soft Crab)
C-69   Goose grass (Head Crab, Crow's Foot,
	Silver Crab)	

C-70   Poison Ivy	

C-71   Mustard	

C-72   Wild Onion (Garlic)	

C-73   Other (specify)	

-------
        Table C.4  Description of the CONFID and UNITCODE Variables
Variable
Code
Definition
CONFID
                   1
                   2
                   3

                   4
                   5
              No Imputation possible,  due to lack of
              data
              Imputation assumed to be perfect*
              Some doubt about accuracy of Imputation
              Substantial  doubt about  accuracy of
              Imputation
              Imputation considered to be "generic"
              Imputation done by RTI to make assignments
              consistent
              No Imputation done, reported reg. number
              looks o.k. but doesn't match EPA product
              files
              No Imputation done, reported reg. number
              matches EPA product files
UNITCODE 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Fluid ounces
Gallons
Pounds
Dry ounces
Pints
Quarts
Tablespoons
Teaspoons
Tons
*The imputed registration number is  assumed  to be the registration number
of the product used by the respondent.
                                   C-15

-------
                                                           Table  C.5
                                                 CONTENTS  OF  SAS  DATA SET   AIAMTS
TRACKS U£ED=::i  £UtEXTENTS=l  OBSERVATIONS=7393  CREATED BY OS  JOB  FWINURS  ON CPUID 03-3031-022779
flf li: I-.A FRI1JAY. SEPTEMBER 2S. 1*S4     BY SAS RELEASE 82.4   DSNAME=FWIBFSD.NNPUS.SAS.USERFILE  BLKSI ZE=19OAO  LRECL=43
             FER ihh>CK=o"'7  GENERATED BY PROC SORT
                                                    ALPHABETIC  LIST OF VARIABLES
                 «  VARIABLE  TYPE LENGTH POSITION  FORMAT         INFORMAT  LABEL

                                                                              HO. TO LINK AI RECORD TO REG_NUM RECORD
                                                                              STANDARD EPA ACTIVE INGREDIENT CODE
                                                                              FOUNDS OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                              CENSUS REGION
                                                                              UNIQUE SAMPLING UNIT IDENTIFIER
                                                                              PCT BY WEIGHT OF AI IN THE FKODUCT
                                                                              ANALYSIS EPA REGISTRATION NUMBER
                                                                              NfiNRESPONSE-AP. IUSTEFI SAMKLI Mr. WFIGHT
JL'
-.
*j
t,
s
4
1
7
AI_LINI:
AICODE
A1L13S
CENREG
Ui
PERCENT
REG-MUM
WEIGHT
NIJM
NUM
NIJM
NUM
NUM
NIJM
NUI1
NIIM
3
4
S
-t
3
S
S
S
12
15
27
:-.5
45
19
4
37
      o
      I

-------
                                                      Table C.6
o
i
                                                 CONTENTS OF SAS DATA SET    MAINOUEX
1 HACKS UEED-17  SULEXTENTS=1   OG£ERVATIONS=671  CREATED BY OS JOB FW1NURS   ON CPUID 03-3081 -022779
m 13:3.6 FRIDAY. iEF'TEI-lbER  28,  19.S4      BY SAS RELEASE 32.4  DSNAME=FWIbFSD. HNF-US. SAS. USERFILE  BLi:SIZE=13967   LRECL=441
I'BiERVATlONi PER TRACI.-='*:   GENERATED BY PROC SORT
                                                     ALPHABETIC LIST OF  VARIABLES
                 II  VARIABLE   TYPE LENGTH POSITION  FORMAT          INFORMAT  LABEL

                                                                               CENSUS REGION
                                                                               UNIOUE SAMPLING UNIT IDENTIFIER
                                                                               NUMBER OF SEPARATE LOCATIONS
                                                                               NUMBER OF PRODUCTION LOCATIONS
                                                                               SALES:RETAIL/WHOLESALE/BUTH
                                                                               ANY PESTICIDE USAGE"
                                                                               WERE PESTICIDES APPLIED BY YOU •>
                                                                               10 INFO AVAILABE FOR ALL OF 1932  ?
                                                                               ANY EMPLOYEES CERT 10 APPLY PESTICIDES ~'
                                                                               ANY OUTSIDE CONTRACTOR APPLICATIONS'1
                                                                               DID YOU FURNISH FES1CDES FOR  CONTRACTOR''
                                                                               DID YOU INCLUDE PESTICDE LISAGC EARLIER "
                                                                               UNCONTROLLABLE PEST PROBLEMS''
                                                                               PARTNERSHIP/CORP/SOLE PROPIETORSHIP
                                                                               TOTAL GROSS REVENUES
                                                                               X GROSS REVENUE PROM HORTICULTURAL SALE
                                                                               BEGINNING MONTH FOR DATA
                                                                               END I ML. MONTH FOR DATA
                                                                               BEGINNING YEAR FOR DATA
                                                                               ENDING YEAR FOR DATA
                                                                               •/. APPLIED TO HORT PRODUCTS
                                                                               •/. APPLIED TO THE PROPERTY OF  OTHERS
                                                                               •/. PURCHASED & LATER SOLD OVER Fl IE  COUNTER
                                                                               X USED IN NON-HORTICULTURAL AREAS
                                                                               NURSERY PRODUCTION
                                                                               FLORAL PRODUCTION
                                                                               SOD GROWING
                                                                               SEED PRODUCTION
                                                                               LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE/MAINTENANCE
                                                                               OTHER
                                                                               CON'SULTN WITH SALESPERSON OR  DISTRIBUTOR
                                                                               CONSULTN WITH USDA BULLETINS
                                                                               CONSULTN WITH EXTENSION SPECIALIST
                                                                               CONSULTN WITH STATE ASSOt NEWSLETTER
                                                                               CONSULTN WITH Cl IEM CO REP
                                                                               CONSULTN WITH OTHER NURSERYMEN
                                                                               CONSULTN WITH NURSERY MAGAZINES
                                                                               CONSULTN WITH OTHER-CODED CATEGORY
                                                                               CUNSULTN WITH OTHER FREQUENCY
                                                                               RELY  bOLELY ON NLiNCHCMICAL METHODS ~-
                                                                               7. Ft  ACTIVITIES USING CHIIMICAL METHODS
                                                                               REGULAR,FIXED APPLICATION SCHEDULE ~'
                                                                                IPM METHODS-';LLbL IN {. TIMING  OF  FSTCDS
                                                                                IPM METHODS-BIOLOGICAL CONTROL?
                                                                                1TI1 METHODS-CULTURAL CONTROL  MEIHUD:.
                                                                                ir-M METHOriS-MONJTOKINr, OR  ICuUTING
                                                                                ll'M METHOUa-UIHtR
                                                                               SAME  AMOUNT OF USE AS LAST  YCAR  '•
                                                                               EXPLANATION FOR NEGATIVE O33  RESPONSE
                                                                               USE OF RECORDS TO ANS PROD  U:fi.jE O "
                                                                               CATEGORIZED 1'ESTICIDE PURCHASING COET
                                                                               CATEGORIZED CONTRACTOR COSTS
                                                                               CATEGORIZED NUMBER OF GKLLNHGUSES
                                                                               CATLGLiKIZCD &KULNIIUU..L  .[ACE.
                                                                               t/ilL'-OM/LlJ Ul LN  (II.L/. ijUOWlNG OT-AI.C
                                                                               riniiKi • rrnj  I.-MKJII  ill"  .r.Mi L IN'. wiIlGin
S4
56
47
43
7
S
•:;
10
I-"'
I'O
11
1.*^.*
40
41
41'
45
11
13
12
14
15
16
17
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
^3
24
^5
26
27
23
2"?
30
31
3.2
S3
34
S5
?6
37
35
S9
44
45
46
49
50
&1
i*!.1
S3
1 •
CCNRCG
I LI
LOCA'INi
PROD_LOC
O4
010
Oil
OH'
or;
ceo
021
O22
016
CIS
cc--'
0^0
013M1
0 1 J.M2
013Y1
013Y2
018-1
O1S_2
O1S_3
01S_4
02A1
02A2
02A3
02A4
02A5
02A6
O24_l
024 _2
O24_3
024_4
O24_5
024_6
O24_7
024 _S
O24_9
OZ5A
025B
02T-C
025D1
025lii
02t.US
02-;.Li4
C'i'JDS
OSSA
033B
034 A
RO17
RO1 3
RO32A
R032D
R0.3IC
i ii i rii r
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUli
IJUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
Nur-
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
Ml IM
o
3
S
S
«_•
3
3
S
o
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3
8
S
S
S
S
3
8
8
8
S
8
S
8
8
S
S
8
8
S
S
8
S
8
S
8
8
8
S
£
S
S
8
S
&
S
3
f.
413
4?G
372
c-eo
52
dO
63
76
143
156
164
172
316
324
332
340
&4
1OO
92
1OS
116
124
132
140
4
12
20
23
36
44
ISO
183
19*>
2O4
212
220
223
236
144
151'
240
263
276
234
292
300
303
343
356
364
3&S
396
404
4\2
420
/|-n

-------
codes used in the  questionnaire,  but  the following variables depart from

this rule:

    •    LOCATNS.  This  variable  was  created  based  on the responses to
         Questions 3 and 7  and  reflects  the number of distinct locations
         reported on by the respondent.

    •    PROD LOG.  This variable  was  also created based on the responses
         to Questions 3 and  7  and  indicates  the  number of locations at
         which there  is  some  horticultural  production.    Production is
         assumed to occur  at  the  location  at  which  the respondent was
         interviewed.

         04.  The codes  used  for  this  variable  are  those shown in the
         questionnaire, but were set based  on responses over all locations
         reported on.

    •    RQ1Z.  To better  protect respondent confidentiality, responses to
         Question 17 were categorized  and  are  reported  as codes by this
         variable.  The definitions of the codes are given in Table C.7.

    •    RQ21.   Coded  responses  to  Question  23  are  reported  by this
         variable, and the definitions are provided in Table C.7.

    •    Q2i_S.   Responses  to  the  "other"  section  of Question 24 were
         categorized using  the  definitions  shown  1n  Table  C.8 and are
         reported by this variable.

    •    RQ22A.    These  were   coded   responses  to  Question  23a;  the
         definitions are provided 1n Table C.9.

    •    RQ22B.  Responses  to  Question  23b  were  standardized to square
         feet, then categorized using the  definitions 1n Table C.9.  Coded
         responses are given by this variable.

    •    RQ32£.  Responses to Question 23c were also standardized to square
         feet.  The coded responses  reported  by this variable are defined
         in Table c.9.

    C.2.4  The SIDE_EFF Dataset

    This dataset  contains  the  responses  to  Question  16.   Information

provided in Question 16 was compared with and linked to particular Question

14 responses and the  corresponding  REG_NUM  assigned  to the record.  The

variables in the  dataset  are  shown  In  Table  C.10.    Each side effect

variable (I.e., PLANT, NAUSEA, DIZZY, SKINRASH, and OTHER) is coded "1", if

the respondent Indicated that 1t has occurred, or "0", otherwise.


                                   C-18

-------
   Table C.7  Codes for Categorized  Sales  Variables

Variable                Code                  Definition

  RQ17                   0                  Missing  Data
                         1                     $0 -  $100
                         2                   $101 -  $500
                         3                   $501 -  $1,000
                         4                 $1,001 -  $5,000
                         5                 $5,001 -  $10,000
                         6                $10,001 -$50,000
                                               > $50,000
  RQ32                   0                   Missing Data
                         1                     $0 -  $250
                         2                   $251 -  $500
                         3                   $501 -  $1,000
                         4                 $1,000 -  $5,000
                         5                 $5,001 -$10,000
                         6                     > $10,000
                         C-19

-------
       Table C.8  Codes for Variables Q24_8
 •                   Missing Data
11                   Trade Associations and Shows
12                   State Inspector
13                   Pest Control Contractors
14                   Other Consultants
15                   Pesticide Labels and Directions
                       C-20

-------
Table C.9  Codes for Question 32 Variables
Variable Code
RQ32A 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
RQ32B 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
RQ32C 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Definition
Missing Data
0 Greenhouses
1-2
3-5
6-10
11-20
21-50
>50
Missing Data
0 - 1,000 sq. ft.
1,001 - 5,000 " "
5,001 - 10,000 " "
10,001 - 50,000 " "
50,001 - 100,000 "
100,001 - 500,000 "
> 500,000 " "
Missing Data
0 - 1,000 sq. ft.
1,001 - 10,000 " "
10,001 - 100,000 " "
100,001 - 1,000,000 " "
1,000,001 - 10,000,000 "
> 10,000,000 "
                  C-21

-------
                                                           Table  C.10
                                                 CONTENTS OF  SA':.  DATA SET   S1UE_EFF
TCvAU.i U=ED=2  J.UBEXIEMT£=1   OEOERVATION=.=70  CREATED BY OS  JuU  FUII4URS  ON CPUID 03-3081-02.2779
4VT 11:^4- FFilDAY, SEPTEMBER 23,  1934     BY £A£ RCLEAtE 52.4   D-=NAME=FWIBF£Li. NNPUS.SA3. USERFILE   BLKSI/E=19053  LRECL=43
OBSERVATIONS F'EIV Tr\ACK=443  GEHEIVAIC.D BY I^ROC SORT
                                                     ALPHABETIC LIST  OF VARIABLES
                 «   VARIABLE  TYPE LENGTH POSITION  FORMAT          INFORMAT  LABEL

                                                                               NO. TO LINK AI  RECORD TO REG-NUM RECORD
                                                                               1 IF DIZZINESS
                                                                               DOLLAR AMOUNT OF PLANT DAMAGE
                                                                               UNICUE SAMPLING UNIT IDENTIFIER
                                                                               1 IF NAUSEA
                                                                               1 IF O7IIER SIDE EFFECT
                                                                               HE&TIC1DE CODC
                                                                               1 IF PLANT DAMAGE
                                                                               ANALYSIS EPA REGISTRATION NUMBER
                                                                               1 IF SKIN RASH
                                                                               NONRESPONSE-ADJUSTED SAMPLING WEIGHT
c/
5
1
11
4
7
1
^
.=•
L
10
Al-LINK
nizzY
DOLLUSS
ID
NAU'EEA
O't 1 IER
rcouiE
FLrJNf
RE&_NUM
SI INRASH
WEIGHT
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM,
MUM
NUM
UlfiK
NUM
NUM
MUM
NUM
3
2
4
3
^
-•
3
2
S
-.
a
29
15
9
40
13
19
4
7
i-1
17
32
   o
   i\s

-------
    C.2.5  The PRQBPEST Dataset
    Responses to Question 27  are  continued  1n  this dataset.   Table C.ll
lists the variables In this dataset.     Pests are reported using the target
pest codes 1n Exhibit C-l.  The data  on plants affected were categorized by
the sites listed in Question 14  and   are  reported as such 1n the PROBSITE
variable.
                                   C-23

-------
                                                           Table  C.ll
                                                 CONTENTS OK SAS DATA  SET   PROBPEST
TRACK.:. U'=.ED=^   SULLX1tlJT&=l  OBiEKVATIONS=lS4  CREATED BV OS JUD FWINURS  ON CPUID 03-3031-022779
AT  J3:ifr FRILiAV,  = EP (IZMtER itf, 1?:..4     BY £AS RELEASE 32.4  DSIJAKE=FWIBFSD. NMPUS. &AS.USERFILE  BLKS1 ZE=19065
•OBSERVATIONS F'EK  TRACl =;.3'5-  GENERATED BY PROC SORT
                                                     ALPHABETIC LIST OF VARIABLES
                  «   VAMABLE  TYPE LENGTH POSITION  FORMAT          INFORMfiF  LABEL
                                                                                   LRECL=4?
                     COiT
                     ID
                     PEST
                     FROBSITE
                     WEIGHT
NUM
NUI1
CHAR
CHAR
NLIM
4
3
5
 9
46
 4
13
33
DOLLAR LOSS D'JE  TO  PROBLEM
UNIQUE SAMPLING  UNIT IDENTIFIER
TARGET PEif CODE
ilTE AT WHICH PROBLEM OCCURRED
WOHRE&PONSC-ADJUSTED SAMPLING WCIGHT
    O
    ro

-------
               APPENDIX D



SUPPLEMENTARY PESTICIDE USAGE INFORMATION

-------
                 Supplementary Pesticide Usage  Information

    This appendix contains listings  of  pesticide   usage estimates  for all
active ingredients reported 1n PUSHSP.     Exhibit  D.I  lists  all  the active
ingredients in descending order by their estimated  usage; separate listings
for  each   class   of   pesticides   (1nsect1c1des/mitic1des,   fungicides,
herbicides, nematicides, and  others)  are  included  as Exhibits D.2,  D.3,
D.4, D.5, and D.6, respectively.   The active Ingredients in  the class  list
are also listed in descending order  by their estimated usage.   Some active
ingredients appear 1n more than one  of the class listings  because they can
be used to treat more than one class of pest.

-------
             Exhibit 0.1
Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient
                 D-3

-------
  Uib

    1
    2
    J
    4

    O
    7
    a

   10
   11
   12
   U
   14
   13
   Ib
   17
   1U
      P&SllClbL

   CtaLfliCtL

   l«At.THAL
   OL'idUL bbUblUa
                       tub ALL ACT-LVt
   ThlfLUttALltl
   fibbC,  AS A COuablMAXlUtl knUUUlX
   HALATIIlUH
   CAMAB
   u-U  autuce  (Use  2 code uos.  0.*.aU01 and
   bhAVu
   ALACbLUU
   ttlAfl
   (.OkttH UXbhOllbt
   buuion nfc-rAoukAli
V
*-
   aobiun CiiLudAXh
   *>Cbo
   UAAUIA^UU
   uUXjfi. ^.O-blCbLObUPiiabUAXALb'i-A-ilS
                   bUUfAtti.LlU.AabAaalJSj

                           ACIU.
   AbULaH
Jl
J^
JJ
J"4
J3
Jb
J« PAhAUUAT UiCdLOBiUfc
JS OAABXL
HO TtliJlA^OLt
m efiui.AChi.oii
12 AOOAl'iS
tJ LllUtJAl LibbUBlltl.
fc
 bUbOJ
 bUoO/
 »4304
 b/7b1 IHStl.'i-lClUh/Bl'i-lClUJi
                                                                               UbAbfc   CUBUbAtiK
                                                                                        b23,bbO - '
                                                                              131,
                                                 bobul
                                                 a* lu I
                                                 bUOl
                                                                              lOb,
                                                                              100,
                                                                                  477
                                                                                  boa
           11.yj

            tt.bb
            4.b7
                                                                                                          bi_S

                                                                                                            Ib
,44b.b7b
,!>70,0!>!>-
,bb1,o7b
,7bb,1bb
,buy,024
                                                104.101
       >yOabil.iOr,
 yubdl UhdbiLlu^
 41401 UtHBiCibli
                                                                               'b.
                                                                               Vs,
                                                                               '/»»,
                                                                               30,330
                                                                                  b4b
                                                                                  400
                                                                                  J7o
                                                                                            ,160
                                                 l4bbb
                                                 VJJ01
                                                                               Jb.bJb
                                                                                      2,734.700
                                                       btiioiCilit
                                                       i. tt> tL ilCi
                                                       uutbi.Ci.ut,
                                                                                      2,bJo,440
                                                10JU01
                                                                                 4.\, lOJ
                                                                                 20,bbO
                                                                                 zO.743
                                                   03001
                                                   J230I labbk.TlCibhybi.i'lClub
                                                  ioy 701
                                                   oloul
                                                  lOJbOl IbSLCllCibL/blXlCllK
                                                   b4 yoi j/uribiciiit
                                                          UbttbiCibt
                                                          UfettblClDL
                                                                               ia,7oO i,
                                                                               10,011 J,
                                                                               16,070 J,
                                                 b!701
                                                 JOOUl
                                                 MIJO1
                                                 "Ittbol
                                                 04J01
                                                HJbOl
                               Ib.bay  J,070,427
                               13,04.)  j,0b!
                               I4,o4b  J,lob,:
                               1J.b27  4,11.
                                       J,l27,7b4
                                       4,140,1
                               12, Obi  4,13.
                                       4, lOD. 244
                                                       UtUblLlbL
                                                       ^UUblClbb
                                                       /UUbiClUL
                                                                                  11,x.b4
                                                                                  11,laa
                                                                                   y.ao/
                                                                                         4, iao,4io
                                                                                a, 034
                                                 J33U3
                                                                                b.lOb 4,23b,.
                                                                                7.040 4,2bb,yyy
4.07
2.al

2.30
            2.1b
            2.04
            l.bb
             .04
             .40

             !41
             .27
             .24
            o.ao

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            O.ob
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            0.01
            O.oO
            O.bO
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            0.37
            O.b4
            O.b4
            0.32
            0.40
            0.4b
            0.44

            o!40
            0.40
            0.4b
            0.4 /
            0.47
            b.4b
            0.44
            0.42
                                                                                                      0.*7
                                                                                                      0.2b

                                                                                                      0.24
bJ
12
122
101
243
1o
lyj
444
lob
4iy
217
4
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14
a
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- 4o
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44
7
7b
bb
1
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4
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b
2 42
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2/
111
70
J2
70
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1J>4
I2y
200
la
420
413
iab
jol
20 b
4
1J7
22
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77
by
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i
120
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274
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147
b/
42
         12
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-------
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-------
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-------
UUS
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-------
              Exhibit D.2
Insecticide Usage by Active Ingredient
                  D-8

-------
            ANl) BlTii;-iiJt UhAbL fOK  ALL ACTlHb iMi.HtM.LN IS
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-------
             AMI* HlTlULDt USAk.ii l?Uh  ALL ACliVh UlUhbLJ. JJI T2»                                       10:2b
                      ?,
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57  PlttHUNlfL bUTOllUE                       b7b01       ,Vb2    0.00      1    1
tot  PXhU'ibHIHS                               bVOOt        b Obb,VOb    0.00     12   13
bJ  BAXUuN                                   K7bO^        3 bbb.VOy    0.00      1    2
b4  BttfLA'lK                                  aaiOl        0 bBo.710    0.00      1    1
03  bAClLLOS POPlLLiAK  AfaU b. LEHlldUtiUOS  S4b01        0 bbb.VIU    0.00      1    1
bo  lecusol                                  UbIOl        0 bbb,71b    0.00      1    J
07  COP1>£H IHit'lHAhOi^hlME COUPLEX          ^HIUJ        .        .              00

b9  AHUHU                                   11b>t01        .        .     .        b    C
                                                     =====           ==^===   ===	
                                                     bdb, 710           100.00   2b
-------
             Exhibit D.3
Fungicide Usage by Active Ingredient
                D-ll

-------
FUNGICIDE USAGE FOR ALL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
                                                                                              10:35 THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER  26.  1965
 DBS CHEMICAL

   1 METHYL  BROMIDE
   2 EBDC. AS  A COORDINATION PRODUCT
   3 BENLATE
   4 CAPTAN
   5 BRAVO
   6 COPPER  HYDROXIDE
   7 ZINEB
   8 PCNB
   9 MANEB
  10 TERRAZOLE
  11 DIFOLATAN
  12 Metalaxyl
  13 METHYL  THIOPHANATE
  14 CALCIUM POLVSULFIDE
  15 LESAN
  16 CHLOROPICRIN
  17 FERBAM
  18 DODINE  (DODECYLGUANIDINE ACETATE)
  19 STREPTOMYCIN SULFATE
  20 THIRAM  (TETRAMETHTLTHIURAN DISULFIDE)
  21 COPPER  SULFATE  PENTAHYORATE
  22 METHOMVL
  23 IPRODINE
  24 BASIC COPPER SULFATE
  25 Cuprous oxide
4 26 Formaldehyde
  27 TRIFORINE
-1, 28 TRIADIMEFON
  29 K4RATHANE
  30 D/RENE
  31 FOLPET
  32 Meltatox
  33 Tecesol
  34 BENDIOCARB
  35 COPPER  SALTS OF FATTY AND ROSIN ACIDS
  36 SULFUR
  37 Ronilan
  38 Potassium ricinoleate
  39 Phygon
  40 ThIabendazole
  41 COPPER  OXYCHLORIDE SULFATE
  42 Cooper  as metallic from cuprous and cupr
  43 ACTIDIONE
  44 Auramine
  45 Malachite green
                                             AICODE  USAGE  CUMUSAGE PERCENT HE_S
53201
14504
99101
81301
81901
23401
14506
56502
14505
84701
81701
113501
102001
76702
34201
81501
34801
44301
6310
79801
24401
90301
109801
8101
25601
43001
107901
109901
36001
80811
81601
110401
80101
105201
23104
77501
113201
79023
29601
60101
23503
42403
43401
39501
39504
294
111
88
78
56
49
35
32
20
15
13
11
9
9
8
6
5
5
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
1



















,786
.623
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,639
,379
,239
,242
,235
,262
.817
.409
.047
.016
887
886
869
763
651
517
447
323
211
194
187
51
46
17
8
a
0
.
•
294
406
495
574
630
679
715
747
768
783
796
807
817
826
835
841
847
852
857
861
865
867
869
870
871
872
873
B74
875
876
876
877
877
877
878
878
878
878
878
878
878
878
878


.786
.409
,305
,152
,703
.712
,248
,680
,425
.468
.607
.859
.319
.373
.348
,364
.003
,383
.621
,863
,098
,360
,178
.587
,634
,650
.537
.423
.292
.056
,706
.223
,670
.993
,204
,398
,584
.635
.681
,699
,707
.715
.715
.
•
33
12
10
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


.55
.70
.12
.97
.44
.58
.04
.69
.36
.71
.50
.28
.08
.03
.02
.68
.64
.61
.60
.48
.37
.26
.21
.16
.12
.12
.10
.10
.10
.09
.07
.06
.05
.04
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.00
.00
.00
.00
m
•
11
101
343
165
101
58
44
78
6
160
7
100
69
10
71
11
17
9
51
6
2
3
15
17
1
1
59
14
19
2
8
8
2
1
2
4
4
1
1
1
2
1
11
0
0
15
129
415
195
137
77
54
92
6
192
12
132
82
12
88
15
25
12
67
9
3
4
19
19
1
1
63
ia
22
4
10
8
2
1
3
4
5
1
1
2
2
1
12
0
0
                                                    878,715
                                                                     100.00  1597 1972

-------
             Exhibit D.4
Herbicide Usage by Active Ingredient
                D-13

-------
 HERBICIDE USAGE FOR ALL ACTIVE  INGREDIENTS
                                                                                               10i40 THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 26,  1985
 OBS CHEMICAL
                                               AICODE   USAGE    CUMUSAGE  PERCENT HE_S
    1 DACTHAL
    2 ROUNDUP
    3 TRIFLURALIN
    4 ATRAZINE
    E SIHAZINE
    6 D-D Mixture  (Use  2 code nos.  029001  and
    7 METHYL BROMIDE
    8 ALACHLOR
    9 EPTAM
  10 SURFLAN
  11 SODIUM METABORATE
  12 SODIUM CHLORATE
  13 OXADIAZON
  14 BUTYL 2.4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE
  15 ASULAM (METHYL SULFANILYLCARBAMATE)
  16 DICHLOROPHENOXVACETIC ACID.  ALKANOLAMINE
  17 DEVRINOL
  18 PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE
  19 METOLACHLOR
  20 AMHATE
  21 DIQUAT DIBROMIDE
  22 DIPHENAMID
  23 Avadex
  24 BENEFIN
  25 DIETHYLAMINE  2.4-DICHLOROPHENDXVACETATE
._, 26 DIURON
 I 27 DIMETHYLAMINE DICAMBA
^ 28 Dimethylamine 2-nethy1-4-chlorophenoxyac
*" 29 PROHAMIDE
  30 MONOSODIUM METHANEARSONATE
  31 PROMETON
  32 CHLOROPICRIN
  33 Alkanolx amine dinoseb  (  2-sec-buty1-4,6
  34 Dimethylamine 4-C2,4-dlchlorophenoxy)but
  3b DIMETHYLAMINE 2-(2-METHVL-4-CHLOROPHENOX
  36 riETRIBUZIN
  37 OXVFLUORFEN
  38 AMITROLE (3-AMINO-S-TRIAZOLE)
  39 BENTAZON,SODIUM SALT OF
  40 SODIUM ARSENITE
  41 OCTYLAMINC 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE
  42 Proul
  43 DALAPON, SODIUM SALT OF
  44 BUTOXYETHYL  2.4-DICHLOROPHENOXVACETATE
  45 SODIUM CACODYLATE
  46 BETASAN
  47 ISOOCTYL 2-(2-METHYl-4-CHLOROPHENOXY)PRO
  48 Ami beni ammonium  salt of
  49 DALAPON,MAGNESIUM  SALT  OF
  50 SIDURON
  51 CACODYLIC ACID
  52 HYVAR X
  53 DURSBAN
  54 Chloroprophan
  55 PROPACHLOR
  56 DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID,  OCTYL  ESTER
78701
103601
36101
80803
80807
29001
53201
90501
41401
104201
11104
73301
109001
30056
106901
30010
103001
61601
108801
5501
32201
36601
78801
84301
30019
35505
29802
30516
101701
13803
80804
81501
37511
30819
31519
101101
111601
4401
103901
13603
30030
108501
28902
30053
12502
9801
31563
29902
28903
35509
12501
12301
18301
19101
30063
413
300
168
151
123
63
52
50
49
44
42
33
27
27
22
21
19
16
14
13
13
12
12
11
9
7
6
6
6
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1












,602 413
,105 713
.882 882
,728 1,034
.480
.984
,036
.755
,975
,185
.472
.940
.603
,238
,813
,163
,932
,092
,645
,827
,812
.681
.227
,950
,907
,636
.972
,899
,127
,760
.415
,201
.599
,540
.196
,159
,076
.020
,509
.130
.084
843
590
482
371
245
192
177
98
91
63
47
,157
.221
,273
.324
,374
,418
.461
,495
,522
,549
,572
,593
,613
.629
.644
.658
.672
.684
.697
.709
.719
,726
.733
,740
,746
,751
,755
,760
.763
,767
,770
,773
,776
.779
,781
.782
,783
,784
,784
.785
.785
.785
.786
.786
.786
,786
.786
,786
44 1.786
26 1,786
24 1>786
23 1,786
,602
,707
,589
,317
,797
.781
,816
,571
,546
,731
,203
,143
,746
.984
,797
,959
,892
.984
,628
,455
,268
,949
.176
,126
,033
,669
,641
,540
,667
,428
,843
,044
,642
,182
,378
.538
,613
,633
,142
,272
,356
,200
,790
.272
,643
,888
,081
,258
,356
,447
.510
,557
,601
,626
,650
,673
23
16
9
8
6
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
0
a
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
a
0
a
a
a
a
0
a
a
0
a
a
a
a
a
a
0
0
0
0
0
.15
.80
.45
.49
.91
.58
.91
.84
.80
.47
.38
.90
.54
.52
.28
.18
.12
.90
.82
.77
.77
.71
.68
.67
.55
.43
.39
.39
.34
.27
.25
.24
.20
.20
.18
.18
.17
.17
.08
.06
.06
.05
.03
.03
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
18
359
53
12
122
4
9
14
9
46
7
7
88
1
3
8
27
73
6
6
43
7
8
3
13
12
13
2
13
3
11
10
1
1
10
2
17
10
6
1
4
11
2
2
6
1
1
1
2
1
6
2
1
1
1
22
433
70
15
153
4
10
22
11
59
9
9
118
1
4
13
38
87
6
6
50
11
8
5
15
18
17
4
24
3
14
10
3
1
11
2
20
13
7
1
6
13
2
3
6
1
1
2
2
1
6
4
1
1
1

-------
HERBICIDE USAGE FOR AJ.L ACTIVE INGREDIENTS                                                    10:40  THURSDAY,  SEPTEMBER 26, 1985

DBS CHEMICAL                                 AICODE     USAGE CUMUSAGE  PERCENT HE_S    -N

57  BUTOXYETHYL 2-<2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)PROPI  31453        16 1.786,689    0.00     1     I
58  CICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID, N-OLEYL-1.3-  30029        11 1,786,700    0.00     1     3
59  DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID                30001         9 1,786,709    0.00     1     3
60  BRAVO                                     81901         3 1,786,711    0.00     1     1
61  TRICLOPYR, TRIETHVLAMINE SALT OF         116002         1 1,786,712    0.00     1     1
62  TDK                                       38201         1 1,786,713    0.00     1     1
                                                    1,786.713             100.00  1107  1388
 O
 M
 Ln

-------
             Exhibit D.5
Nematicide Usage by Active Ingredient
                D-16

-------
NENATICIDE USAGE FOR *ALL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

DBS   CHEMICAL   AICODE  USAGE  CUMUSAGE PERCENT HE_S N
                                                                     10:44 THURSDAY.  SEPTEMBER  26,  1905
 1  METAM-SODIUM 3900J
 2  Bay 25141    32701
100.869 100.869
  4.015 104.884
96.17
 3.83
16
 4
19
 8
                        104,884
                                          100.00  20  27
 I
 M
 •«J

-------
                Exhibit D.6
Other Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient
                   D-18

-------
OTHER PESTICIDE USAGE>(. FOR ALL ACTIVE INGREDIINTS

DBS CHEMICAL          AICODE USAGE CUMUSAGE PERCENT HE*_S    N

  1 METALDEHYDE
  2 MESUROL
  3 KINOPRENE
  4 CHLORFLURENOL
  5 Santophen
  6 Hyamine 3500
  7 PENTACHLOROPHENOL
  8 Mar
  9 FLOREL
 10 Hormodin
 11 WARFARIN
 12 DIPHACINONE
                                                                                              10:51  THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 26,  1985
53001
100501
107501
98801
62201
69105
63001
35101
99801
46701
86002
67701

6,106 1
2,407 (
501
42
38
14
6
c
4
1 «
0 «
0 '.
9,122
1,106
1,512
,013
,055
.093
,107
,112
,117
,121
1,121
(.121
1,122

66.93
26.38
5.49
0.46
0.42
0.16
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
99.99
41
1'
li









8'
I 50
t 25
i 19
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
' 104

-------