------- SEWAGE AND WATER WORKS CONSTRUCTION 1965 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Federal Water Pollution Control Administration Washington, D.C. 20249 ------- Related Publications Sewage Treatment Works Contract Awards, 1952-1057 Public Health Service Publication No. 633 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1957 Public Health Service Publication No. 608 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1958 Public Health Service Publication No. 673 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1959 edition Public Health Service Publication No. 758 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1980 edition Public Health Service Publication No. 758 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1961 edition Public Health Service Publication No. 758 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1962 edition Public Health Service Publication No. 758 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1963 edition Public Health Service Publication No. 758 Sewage and Water Works Construction, 1964 edition Public Health Service Publication No. 758 WP-15 Formerly Public Health Service Publication No. 758 ------- PREFACE This annual report of "Sewage and Water Works Construction 1965" is published as one part of the basic data program required and authorized in Public Law 660 (as amended by Public Law 87-88), the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The data published herein provide a continuing and ready source of information and reference as to how successfully the national needs in municipal water supply and pollution control are being met through construction of the necessary physical facilities. This publication also establishes important year-to-year cost trends in the national economic picture in the three types of public works construction involved. Such data are valuable not only to Federal, State and local govern- ment authorities and officials responsible for providing water supplies and for controlling pollution, but are also valuable to the building and contracting trades and to the engineering profession. This report was prepared by Kenneth H. Jenkins, Chief Statistician and Florence G. Simmons, Statistical Assistant, under the direction of Richard S. Green, Sanitary Engineer Director and Chief of the Division of Pollution Surveillance, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. in ------- CONTENTS Page Preface -- — in Section I—GENERAL PRESENTATION OF SEWAGE AND WATERWORKS CONTRACT AWARDS 1 A. Contract Awards—1965 1 B. Method of Data Collection 1 Table 1. Annual Contract Awards—1952-1965 2 Table 2. Monthly Contract Awards—1965 2 Tables. Total Contract Awards by States—1965 --- 3 Table 4. Distributed Total Contract Awards by States—1965 4 Section II—CONTRACT AWARDS—BASIC DATA—1965 5 A. Sewage Treatment Works Construction 5 Table 5. By Population Size Groups 5 Table 6. By Contract Size Groups 6 Table 7. By Drainage Basins - - 6 TableS. By States... - 7 B. Collecting Sewer Construction 8 Table 9. By Population Size Groups - , 8 Table 10. By Contract Size Groups 8 Table 11. By Drainage Basins 8 C. Waterworks Construction !> Table 12. By Population Size Groups - 9 Table 13. By Contract Size Groups 10 Table 14. By Drainage Basins _, 10 Table 15. By States 11 D. Combination Construction 12 Table 16. By Population Size Groups 12 Table 17. By Contract Size Groups - 12 Table 18. By Drainage Basins 12 IV ------- SECTION 1-GENERAL PRESENTATION OF SEWAGE AND WATERWORKS CONTRACT AWARDS A. CONTRACT AWARDS-1965 Contracts awarded in the sewage and water- works field in calendar year 1965 amounted to almost $1.6 billion, broken down as shown below in millions. Sewage treatment $522. 4 Collecting sewers. 356. 4 Waterworks - --- 720.5 Total 1,599.3 Contracts for waterworks were 11 percent above 1964 and the highest on record. Sewage treat- ment contracts were 10 percent over the previous year and those contracts for collecting sewers were down 10 percent. The total value of all three categories is about 10 percent above 1964 and is the highest figure of record. On a constant dollar basis (1957-59), the decline from 1964 was 0.7 percent reflecting the increases in construction costs. Each of the above totals is based upon an identi- fied and an apportioned figure. The identified contracts are those for which the descriptive in- formation available clearly states a single type of construction. Those contracts that cover more than a single type are called "combination" con- tracts. These combination contracts are then apportioned to the sewage treatment works, col- lecting sewers, and waterworks categories on the basis of known national experience in each of these. B. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION The contract award data presented in this publication for the year 1964 result from the careful examination of over 100,000 contract noti- fications in the sewage and waterworks construc- tion and related fields. All notifications of similar contracts awarded in the same geographical area are checked to reduce the chance of duplication. Certain contracts, primarily those covering sewage treatment plants, are checked and verified by the various State water pollution control agencies. The data on which this report is based were obtained from: 1. F. W. Dodge Corporation, daily reports on construction in the sewage and waterworks fields in the 38 Eastern States. 2. Various construction news periodicals, such as, Construction News Bulletin, Pacific Architect and Builder, Rocky Mountain Construction, Southwest Builder and Con- tractor, and Portland and Seattle Daily Journals oj Commerce. Practically all of the information for the 38 Eastern States is obtained from daily reports of the F. W. Dodge Corp. The data presented are composed of contracts awarded by municipalities, special districts, other governmental bodies, and various institutions, resorts, recreation centers, etc. A few contracts are included for industries where the cost of such facilities can be readily identified, and where it is possible to ascertain that the facilities are primarily for the disposal of sanitary wastes or for domestic waterworks facilities. ------- TABLE 1.—Annual contract awards—sewage treatment works, collecting sewers, and waterworks—1952-65 (Millions of dollars] Year 1952 1953 _ _ 1954 _ 1955 1956 1957 1958 ._. 1959 _ 1960 - -, , 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 --- Sewage treatment Actual 137 187 229 201 354 351 389 349 359 449 545 679 614 522 1957-59 178 231 276 232 385 362 385 336 339 419 505 612 459 458 Collecting sewers Actual 225 286 244 301 305 247 310 336 359 380 320 405 396 356 1957-59 296 353 294 345 331 254 310 320 339 352 291 358 344 304 Waterworks Actual 227 283 293 394 441 457 419 504 645 673 507 590 654 721 19S7-59 303 358 353 453 485 481 419 480 697 616 441 500 532 563 Total Actual £89 756 766 896 1,100 1,055 1,118 1,180 1,363 1,402 1,373 1,674 1,564 1,599 1957-59 777 942 923 1,030 1,201 1,097 1,114 1,136 1,275 1,287 1,237 1,470 1,335 1,325 NOTES: 1. Constant dollars on a 1957-59 base were computed as follows: Sewers from PHS Sewer Construction Cost Index (PHS Publication 1132); sewage treatment a composite 45 percent sewers (Publication 1132) and 55 percent PHS Sewage Treatment Plant Construction Cost Index (PHS Publication 1069); water from Engineering News-Record construction cost index changed to a 1957-59 base. 2. The Public Health Service sewage treatment data prior to 1957 are com- posed of identified contracts only. Beginning with 1957, the figures include an amount apportioned to sewage treatment works from the "combination" contracts. 3. Data on collecting sewers prior to 1957 are obtained by subtracting Public Health Service sewage treatment data from the U.S. Department of Com- merce sewer data which includes sanitary and storm sewerage systems as well as sewage treatment works. Beginning with 1957, the data for collecting sewers were assembled by the Public Health Service and do not include storm sewers. 4. The waterworks data prior to 1957 are based on records maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce. Beginning with 1957, data were ob- tained by the Public Health Service. TABLE 2.—Monthly contract awards—sewage treatment works, collecting sewers, and waterworks—1965 [Millions of dollars] Month January - - - T'e^rii&ry March - - April May June -, - July August ^- f -.. - October _ _ - - November .__.-._- December.. Sewage treatment Actual 54.6 35.5 51.6 40.7 38.8 58.0 47.4 31.7 46.3 43.2 22.9 51.5 Cumulative 54.6 90.1 141.7 182.4 221.2 279.2 326.6 358.3 404.6 447.8 470.7 522.2 Collecting sewers Actual 22.4 26.2 31.1 30.2 34.9 49.4 35.0 30.8 25.0 25.9 23.9 21.8 Cumulative 22.4 48.6 79.7 109.9 144,8 194.2 229.2 260.0 285.0 310.9 334.8 356.6 Waterworks Actual 35.0 38.4 58.1 67.4 58.5 60.0 62.9 106.4 75.2 76.0 36.8 45.8 Cumulative 35.0 73.4 131.5 198.9 257.4 317.4 380.3 486.7 561.9 637.9 674.7 720.5 Total Actual 112.0 100.1 140.8 138.3 132.2 167.4 145.3 198.9 146.6 145.1 83.6 119.1 Cumulative 112.0 212.1 352.9 491.2 623.4 790.8 936.1 1, 105. 0 1,251.6 1,396.6 1,480.2 1,599.3 NOTE: Differences in totals may be due to rounding. ------- TABLE 3.—1965 contract awards by States State AlabftniA - ...... Alaska Arizona - - Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut.- Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho . Illinois - Ind fana Iowa Kansas - - - Kentucky Louisiana - Maine Massachusetts --. - Michigan - Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada - - Nflw Hampshire New Jersey - - . . , New Mexico . - - New York North Carolina _ North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon - - Pennsylvania - - Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota --- Twippftw Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming - -- Total Total Num- ber 101 21 08 112 987 133 149 26 58 373 201 9 34 606 233 224 248 210 201 45 714 338 492 369 228 32S 42 230 25 41 352 81 878 2S2 68 680 266 145 633 6 44 100 76 210 837 26 26 229 249 37 578 23 12,577 Dollars 14,327,270 2,160,170 17,319,749 13,431,080 197,977,967 25,130,667 28, 872, 261 2,016,080 3,830,677 63,261,881 23,396,099 2,863,997 3,767,082 73,947,730 46, 374, 268 19,653,602 16,066,189 29,674,639 14, 498, 227 3, 707, 163 46,309,996 28,785,966 76,086,660 36, 191, 890 20,493,192 40,844,927 2,300,321 19,896,370 5,465,601 4,349,817 58,963,196 14,459,309 96, 258, 105 46,107,564 3,422,776 86,629,857 23,177,643 15,304,165 86,338,815 1,797,483 4,906,693 14,804,634 6,606,597 40,818,218 93,080,066 3,011,023 3,220,860 28,975,237 41,333,804 6,168,432 39,723,667 3,344,676 1,699,212,996 Sewage treatment Num- ber 17 4 14 17 110 20 23 6 6 73 30 7 12 97 60 46 28 29 18 15 46 41 41 66 27 42 7 32 13 12 64 13 61 69 16 82 .27 29 99 5 3 39 12 31 71 11 13 46 49 10 51 1 1,729 Dollars 4,364,863 686,766 4,606,035 4,763,479 28,236,564 4,064,036 10, 288, 517 1, 066, 614 1,517,329 14,682,963 7,157,649 2,830,654 2,061,338 35,616,486 17,562,397 8,760,638 3,436,287 4,026,246 1,631,626 2,256,747 10, 714, 793 11,207,626 12, 112, 524 13,191,170 6,538,342 20,671,415 830.422 4,767,366 2,584,018 2,545,215 20,640,676 4,414,450 19,573,355 19,722,073 366,036 36,362,079 2,971,275 5,344,061 28,026,830 1,797,483 73,896 5,620,631 4,176,128 12,682,400 19,204,274 1,981,683 2,567,241 12,373,278 18,967,170 2,511,957 10,991,828 729,200 475,432,807 Sewers Num- ber 31 6 24 16 388 18 97 9 19 93 31 2 5 114 91 83 110 79 38 16 111 92 186 67 15 106 7 86 4 6 112 3 229 62 8 209 37 69 214 13 17 15 66 124 4 2 91 87 10 182 1 3,482 Dollars 2,144,636 396,685 2,611,890 1,123,817 33,608,069 1,794,778 14,174,265 386,147 1,107,198 16,897,340 3, 436, 718 23,343 176,749 9,447,892 7,787,860 5,011,600 5,747,992 6,392,699 4,198,289 437,286 7, 318, 633 6,587,251 22, 185, 266 7,934,969 468,816 5,376,077 317, 126 2,011,705 86,265 176,372 18,362,801 640,005 21,467,118 4,173,302 226,119 20,097,516 1, 542, 505 4,687,035 31,185,356 1,489,616 2,797,542 204,087 8,636,254 12,383,025 321,010 19,986 5,301,978 8,314,191 633,663 10,954,410 37,256 322,688,386 Water Num- ber 60 8 68 63 466 76 22 8 27 174 116 11 262 132 86 103 96 126 13 154 184 215 150 173 163 23 85 7 20 171 60 657 101 31 318 193 64 288 27 35 40 109 620 10 11 66 106 16 226 21 6,999 Dollars 6,797,764 968,054 9,864,122 5,271,156 132,000,980 14,837,432 3,417,274 644,743 1,032,846 28,226,724 10,437,724 1,124,701 23,145,983 20,660,016 6,008,695 6,436,609 18,645,520 7,763,472 1, 000, 620 14,644,328 9,411,792 37,334,976 6,969,234 10,241,075 11,848,336 746,647 11,849,068 2,571,712 770,640 14,676,573 6,696,676 60,768,746 18,163,967 2,236,609 26,736,264 17,810,164 3,764,633 20,037,160 3,339,956 6,009,792 2,064,282 19,284,384 61,382,772 588,268 633,633 10,413,268 11,832,281 3,107,812 12,129,964 2,578,220 686,673,426 Combinations Num- ber 3 4 2 16 34 19 7 2 6 33 24 6 43 10 9 5 6 19 1 404 21 60 87 13 14 6 27 1 4 15 16 31 30 13 41 12 3 32 1 9 8 5 122 1 26 7 1 120 1,367 Dollars 1,030,007 209,666 248,702 2,272,628 4,132,354 4,434,322 992,216 28,576 173,304 3,654,864 2,364,108 404,294 5,738,370 503,986 682,960 436,401 610,074 1,004,940 13,610 12,732,242 1,679,296 4,463,904 7,096,517 3,264,960 2,949,099 407,127 1,268,241 223,606 857,690 5,283,146 2,909,278 4,468,887 4,048,232 697,012 4,446,008 853,709 1,608,426 7,090,479 3,225 1,376,569 72,100 316, 180 10,109,986 120,062 886,713 2,220,162 15,000 5,647,365 115,618,379 ------- TABLE 4.—1966 contract awards (distributed) by Slates State Alabama.. Alaska— Arizona... Arkansas.. California. Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois-- Indiana Iowa— Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts— Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina... North Dakota—- Ohio.- Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico - Rhode Island... South Carolina. South Dakota... Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington... West Virginia. Wisconsin.. Wyoming.. Total. Total $14,327,270 2,150,170 17,319,749 13,431,080 197,977,98: 25,130,561 28,872,261 2,016,080 3,830,677 63,261,881 23,395,099 2,853,997 3,757,082 73,947,730 46,374,258 19,553,692 16,056,189 29,674,539 14,498,227 3,707,163 45,309,996 28,785,965 76,086,660 35,191,890 20,493,192 40,844,927 2,300,321 19,896,370 5,465,601 4,349,817 58,963,196 14,459,309 96,258,105 46,107,564 3,422,776 86,629,857 23,177,643 15,304,155 86,338,815 1,797,483 4,906,693 14,804,534 6,506,597 40,818,218 93,080,056 3,011,023 3,220,860 28,978,237 41,333,804 6,168,432 39,723,557 3,344,675 1,599,212,996 Sewage treat men $4,772,845 671,849 4,705,960 5,685,724 29,913,486 5,863,507 10,691,163 1,068,210 1,587,657 16,025,542 8,116,917 2,830,654 2,215,403 37,944,146 17,766,917 9,037,686 3,612,975 4,273,817 1,939,336 2,261,229 15,881,605 11,848,513 13,919,942 16,070,975 7,859,222 21,868,175 995,636 5,282,015 2.674,759 2,893,230 22,784,605 5,595,051 21,382,795 21,364,867 607,307 38.158,887 3,317,715 5,956,188 30,903,185 1,797,483 75,205 6,179,250 4,205,387 12,710,708 23,308,660 2,030,405 2,567,241 12,733,111 19,868,124 2,518,044 13,283,555 729,200 522,351,368 Sewers $2,445,754 456,980 2,684,597 1,788,209 34,816,144 3,091,132 14,464,325 394,501 1,157,863 17,936,585 4,126,854 23,343 294,942 11,125,478 7,905,198 5,211,160 5,875,279 6,571,051 4,492,079 441,236 11,040,846 7,048,951 23,487,334 10,009,603 1,410,388 6,238,233 436.147 2,382,469 151,635 427,085 19,907,305 1,390,519 22,760,653 5,356,784 399,653 21,306,994 1,792,083 5,128,016 33,258,225 1,490,559 3,199,976 225,165 8,727.688 15,338,633 356,110 19,986 5,561,204 8,963,245 538,048 12,605,388 37,255 356,388,890 Water $7,108,671 1,021,341 9,929,192 5,957,147 133,248,327 16,175,928 3,716,773 553,369 1,085,157 29,299,764 11,151,328 1,246,737 24,878,106 20,702,143 6,304,846 6,567,935 18,829,671 8,066,812 1,004,698 18,387,545 9,888,501 38,679,384 9,111,312 11,223,582 12,738,619 12,231,886 2,630.207 1,029,502 16,271,286 7,473,739 52,114,657 19,385.913 2,415,816 27,076,976 18,067,845 4,219,951 22,177,405 3,340,929 6,425,308 2,076,046 18,379,822 54,434,463 624,508 10.680,922 12,502,435 3,112,340 13,834,614 2,578,220 720,472,738 ------- SECTION II—CONTRACT AWARDS-BASIC DATA—1965 This section presents the basic data as compiled; combination projects have not be apportioned. Tables of contract awards by population size groups, contract size groups, drainage basins and States are included. The population size group tables do not refer to the population served. They represent the size of the community in which each contract was awarded. The population size groups of some contracts were unknown; these contracts consist primarily of schools, hospitals, military bases, and parks. The cumulative percentages shown in these tables are based on the known population groups. A. SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS CONSTRUC- TION The sewage treatment works are presented in two categories, namely, NEW PLANT and OTHER. The "NEW PLANT" classification includes stabilization ponds and appurtenances. The "OTHER" category includes replacements and additions to existing treatment plants, in- terceptors, and outfalls. This category also in- cludes contracts whose costs cannot be separated between "New Plant" and "Other." Therefore, the "Other" classification may include a few new plants. In 1965 the level of contracts awarded for construction of sewage treatment works in the United States reached a level of $522.4 million. Of this amount $475.4 million covered contracts identified as to specific location and type of con- struction. The following tables, 5 through 8, inclusive, relate only to contracts individually identified for sewage treatment facilities. Lists of the locations of contract awards for sewage treatment works are available upon request. Write to Chief, Division of Pollution Surveillance, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, U.S. Department of the Interior, 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 20242. TABLE 5.—Contract awards—sewage treatment works construction—1985—by population size groups Population size group Unknown population size.. Under MO - . . . 500-1,000 1000-2600 2,500-5,000 4000-10000 10000-25,000 -- 25000-50,000 50000-100000 . 100 000-250 000 Total Total Number 147 103 110 218 155 188 223 133 123 95 232 1,729 Dollars 11,986,878 g, 031, 016 8,914,884 28,364,565 31,133,902 55,351,498 55,074,838 53,196,849 37,171,044 50, 804, 593 136,316,255 475,432,807 Cumulative (Percent) » Number 6.6 13.5 27.3 37.1 49.0 63,1 71.5 79.3 85. 3 100.0 Dollars 1.7 3.6 9.7 16.4 28.3 40.2 51.7 59.7 70.7 100.0 New plant Number 64 54 49 91 41 53 35 17 11 16 17 447 Dollars 4,011,540 4,247,482 4,116,066 14, 955, 569 11,006,320 25,497,066 13,390,336 11,197,209 7,830,962 10,407,473 17,969,966 124, 629, 979 Cumulative (Percent) > Number 14.1 26.9 60.7 61.4 76.2 84.3 88.7 91.6 95.5 100.0 Dollars 3.5 6.9 19.3 28.4 49.5 60.6 69.9 76.4 85.0 100.0 Other i Number 83 49 61 127 114 135 188 116 112 80 215 1,282 Dollars 7,946,338 3,783,534 4,798,818 13,408,996 20, 127, 582 29, 864, 432 41,684,602 41,999,640 29,340,092 40,397,120 117.346.289 350,802,828 Cumulative (Percent) s Number 4.1 9.2 19.8 29.3 40.6 56.3 66.0 75.3 82,0 100.0 Dollars 1.1 2.5 6,4 12,3 21.0 33.2 45.4 54.0 65.8 100.0 i Interceptors, outfalls, additions, enlargements, and alterations to plants, etc. * Cumulative percentages are based on the known population groups. ------- TABLE 6.—Contract awards—sewage treatment works construction—1965—by contract size groups Contract size group (dollars) Under 10,000 10,000-25,000 25,000-50000 - - 50,000-100,000 100,000-250 000 250000-500000 500 000-1 000 000 1 OOQ 000-5 000 000 Over 5 000 000 Total Total Num- ber 89 237 241 306 389 213 157 95 2 1,729 Dollars 508,700 4,023,068 8,656,783 21,936,372 62,172,791 76, 319, 341 109, 821, 429 179,626,388 12,367,935 475,432,807 Cumulative (percent) Num- ber 5.1 18.8 32.7 50.4 72.9 85.2 94.3 99.8 100.0 Dollars 0.1 0.9 2.7 7.3 20.4 38.5 59.6 97.4 100.0 New plant Num- ber 22 57 58 89 104 52 40 24 1 447 Dollars 116, 594 1,021,998 2,066,474 6,238,492 16, 232, 314 18, 786, 497 27,605,981 46, 371, 141 6, 200, 488 124,629,979 Cumulative (percent) Num- ber 4.9 17.7 30.7 60.6 73.9 85.5 94.4 99.8 100.0 Dollars 0.1 0.9 2.6 7.6 20.6 35.7 57.9 95.1 100.0 Other i Num- ber 67 180 183 217 285 161 117 71 1 1,282 Dollars 392,106 3,001,070 6,600,309 15, 697, 880 45, 940, 477 57, 532, 844 82, 215, 448 133, 255, 247 6,167,447 350, 802, 828 Cumulative (percent) Num- ber 5.2 19.2 33.fi 50.4 72.6 85.2 94.3 99.8 100.0 Dollars 0.1 1.0 2.9 7.4 20.5 36.9 60.3 98.3 100.0 > Interceptors, outfalls, additions, enlargements, and alterations to plants, etc. TABLE 7.—Contract awards—sewage treatment works construction—1965—by drainage basins Drainage basin Northeast North Atlantic Southeast Tennessee River - _____ Ohio River _ Lake Erie - - Upper Mississippi Western Great Lakes Missouri River Southwest-Lower Mississippi Colorado River Western Gulf - Pacific Northwest California Great Basin Alaska Hawaii - -_- Puerto Rico _ Total Total Number 208 182 245 24 162 42 223 86 120 103 24 76 88 104 26 4 7 5 1,729 Dollars 65,649,399 48,209,284 56,259,569 10,954,710 55, 570, 236 14,474,584 67,130,729 24,330,732 26,182,013 14,795,044 5,918,916 22,337,333 26,579,958 27,914,388 3,811,009 586,766 2,830,654 1,797,483 475,432,807 New plants Number 47 52 67 11 40 11 74 20 35 31 3 15 17 18 5 1 447 Dollars 13, 707, 938 19,599,002 18,601,333 6, 285, 516 18,074,723 908,666 20,895,336 4,644,653 5, 628, 062 4, 169, 644 197, 491 2, 142, 038 3, 415, 645 6, 124, 938 747, 186 487, 808 124,629,979 Other ' Number 161 130 178 13 122 31 140 66 85 72 21 61 71 86 21 4 7 4 1,282 Dollars 51,941,461 28,610,282 37,658,238 5,669,194 37,495,613 13,565,918 46,235,393 19,686,079 20,553,951 10,625,400 8,721,425 20,195,295 23,164,313 21,789,450 3,163,823 686,766 2,830,654 1,309,675 360,802,828 1 Interceptors, outfalls, additions, enlargements, and alterations to plants, etc. ------- TABLE 8.—Contract awards—sewage treatment works construction—1965—by States State Total Number Dollars New plants Number Dollars Other i Number Dollars Alabama.. Alaska..,, Arizona Arkansas.. California, Colorado Connect lent — Delaware District of Columbia.. Florida —-. Georgia Hawaii — Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana Maine Maryland. Massachusetts... Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada. New Hampshire- New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina.. North Dakota... Ohio Oklahoma Oregon- Pennsylvania Puerto Hko Rhode Island South Carolina... South Dakota— Tennessee ... Texas Utah. Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia.... Wisconsin Wyoming 17 4 14 17 110 20 6 73 30 7 12 97 50 46 28 29 18 19 46 41 41 Si 27 42 7 32 13 12 54 13 61 69 14 82 zr 29 12 31 71 11 13 48 49 10 51 1 4,364,863 686,766 4. GO*, 035 4,763,479 28,236,854 4,064,035 10,288,517 1,066,614 1, 817, 329 14, 582, 963 7,157,549 2,830,654 2,051,338 36,615,485 17,562.397 8,760.538 3,436,287 4,028,246 1,531.528 2,255,747 10, 714, 793 11,307,628 12, 112, 524 13, 191, 170 6,538,342 20,671.415 830,422 4,787,366 2,684,018 2, MS. 1215 20,640,676 4,414,450 19,673,358 19,722,073 366,036 39,452,079 2, 471, 276 3,344,061 28.026,830 1,797,483 73,896 5.620,631 4,176,128 12,582,400 19,204.274 1,081,683 2,567,241 12,373,278 18,967,170 l. 987 10,991,828 729,200 510,040 14 19 10 g 4 0 7 3 11 14 7 11 4 9 4 3 16 1 14 20 IS 3ft 1 2 IS 5 14 17 1 4 11 4 4 12 145,669 1,731,877 6,153,379 1,206,054 2,492, SOI 682.510 3,489,947 2, 689,107 3S1,910 9,680,344 3,247,156 3,222,211 685,367 611,139 130,224 684,109 3,953,800 62,768 2,737,604 1,224,416 1,461,919 6,203,272 263,737 591,249 516,454 867,056 7,165,964 65,476 4,426,964 8,628,148 171. J02 U, 0*3,933 127,733 823,901 11,807, $92 487,808 14,521 2,107,974 3,202,813 6,803, MS 3,774,444 266,113 1,177,080 2,776,377 2,210,134 2,091,020 4,046,729 14 4 12 13 ei 16 19 4 6 57 23 7 8 69 30 27 18 21 14 38 38 30 40 20 31 3 88 12 47 4 7 64 21 20 «3 4 1 24 7 17 54 10 9 35 46 6 39 1 3,838,823 686,796 4,469,306 3,031,602 22,083,175 2,847,981 7,796,016 374,104 1,617,329 11,093.016 4,468,442 2,830,654 1,669,428 25,935,141 14, 295, 241 5,538,327 2,860,820 3,415,107 1,401,302 1.971,638 6,760,993 11,144,858 9,375,020 11,966,765 6,087,023 14,468.143 676.685 4, 176, 107 2,068,464 1, 678, 169 18,484,712 4, 358, 974 16,146,391 11,096,925 IBS, 834 24, 295, 446 2,843,642 4,320,460 1,309,675 69,376 3,512,657 973,318 «, 778, 95S 16,428,830 1,726,570 1,390,161 9,596,901 16,757,03d 420,937 8,945,099 729,200 Tota). 1,729 476,432,807 447 124,629,979 1.282 360,802,828 1 Interceptors, outfalls, additions, enlargements, and alterations to plants, etc. ------- B. COLLECTING SEWER CONSTRUCTION Collecting sewer construction for 1965 totaled $356.4 million. Tables 9, 10, and 11 analyze the contract award data which was specified as purely collecting sewers (i.e. $322.6 million), and do not reflect any portion of the combination projects. The tabulation of the collecting sewer contract awards by States appears hi table 3 of section I. The collecting sewer classification does not include storm sewers. C. WATERWORKS CONSTRUCTION The waterworks data are broken down into four categories, namely, SOURCE, TREAT- MENT, DISTRIBUTION, and MISCELLANE- OUS. The "SOURCE" group includes contracts awarded for wells, surface source development, and transmission lines. The "TREATMENT" area includes contracts for plants and auxiliary facilities. The "DISTRIBUTION" category in- cludes contracts for ground storage, elevated tanks, and distribution systems. The "MISCEL- LANEOUS" classification includes contracts for pumping facilities and for water systems in gen- eral. When it is not possible to code a contract that is known to pertain to water into source, treatment, or distribution then it is included in the totals for miscellaneous. Contract awards for waterworks construction in 1965, including an apportioned amount from the combination contracts, totaled $720.5 million. The tables following refer only to contracts that pertain exclusively to waterworks (i.e., $685.6 million). TABLE 9.—Contract awards—collecting sewer construction— 1965—by population size groups Population size group Unknown population size Under 500 500-1,000 1,000-2,500 2,500-5,000 5,000-10,000 10,000-25,000 26,000-50,000 - 50,000-100,000 100,000-250,000 250,000 and over Total . Collecting sewers Number 153 80 70 203 206 329 588 395 320 330 808 3,482 Dollars 7. 457, 898 5, Old, 518 7, 569, 227 21, 926, 466 19, 852, 894 44,596,232 49, 140, 870 36, 045, 829 28,178,634 30, 845, 282 71, 955, 535 322,588,388 Cumulative percent ' Number 2.4 4.6 10.6 16.8 26.7 44.3 56.2 65.8 75.7 100.0 Dollars 1.6 4.0 11.0 17.2 31.4 47.0 58.4 67.4 77.2 100.0 i Cumulative percentages are based on the known population groups. TABLE 10.—Contract awards—collecting sewer construc- tion—196S—by contract size groups Collecting sewers Contract size group (dollars) Under 10,000 10000-25,000 . . 25000-60,000 50000-100000 100 000-250,000 260,000-500,000 500,000-1,000,000 1,000,000-5,000,000 Over s 000 ooo Total Number 804 850 604 476 446 202 76 35 3,482 Dollars 4,250,860 13,943,050 21,325,869 33, 616, 712 69,901,465 69,879,073 62,041,957 57,629,400 322,688,385 Cumulative percent Number 23.1 47.5 64.6 78.2 91.0 96.8 99.0 100.0 100.0 Dollars 1.3 5.6 12.3 22.7 44.3 68.0 82.1 100.0 100.0 TABLE 11.—Contract awards—collecting sewer construction—1965—by drainage basin Drainage basin Northeast North Atlantic Ohio River Lake Erie Collecting sewers Number 537 359 239 26 367 129 332 362 255 189 Dollars 57, 419, 355 41, 262, 481 30,237,768 4,075,316 33, 623, 638 10,644,201 25, 883, 519 33, 278, 126 10,461,872 13, 568, 042 Drainage basin Colorado River _ Western Gulf Pacific Northwest California - - Qreat Basin . Alaska. - - - - Hawaii Puerto Rico Total .-- - Collecting sewers Number 35 119 149 367 20 6 2 3,482 Dollars 2,964,358 11,912,592 13,110,342 32,577,083 1,259,864 395,685 23.343 322,688,385 ------- TABLE 12.—Contract awards—waterworks construction—1965—by population size groups Population size group Unknown population size -. -- Under £00 600-1000 1 000-2600 - 2,600-5000 6 000-10 000 10,000-25,000 26,000-60,000 - 60000-100,000 100000-250,000 250,000 and over- . -r Total Total Number 377 696 331 B35 682 636 872 581 358 330 802 5,099 Dollars 18,599,261 36,640,943 23,474,469 30,581,302 48,188,275 66,623,669 86,707,046 85, 834, 908 72,284,889 46,616,646 170,142,017 685,573,425 Source Number 112 152 70 110 135 137 191 117 74 90 147 1,335 Dollars 2,661,975 6,751,852 3,350,632 7,048,606 12,721,464 14.919,520 22,000,153 25,332,165 23,861,872 13,503,058 111,065,361 243,196,658 Treatment Number 13 27 28 44 37 27 55 30 29 10 22 322 Dollars 1,778,232 2, 404, 674 5,035,651 3,707,966 5, 261, 734 5,116,897 21,567,238 20,038,822 17,758,742 14,995,478 10,839,615 108,504,849 Distribution Number 162 323 183 306 326 377 514 347 201 181 555 3,474 Dollars 8, 820, 422 20,398,090 9,711,172 14,368,444 22,362,946 26,443,148 37,351,606 27,301,619 19,496,647 12,626,713 33,265,844 232,036,651 Miscellaneous ' Number 90 94 50 75 85 94 112 87 54 49 78 868 Dollars 6,348,632 7,086,327 5,377,214 6,446,286 7,842,131 10,044,104 15,788,049 13,162,302 11,177,628 5,591,397 14,071,297 101,835,367 i This Includes separate contracts for pumping facilities and other water works contracts that cover more than one of the above divisions. TABLE 12A.—Contract awards—waterworks construction—1965—by population size groups—cumulative percentages ' Population size group Under 500 -. 500-1000 1000-2500 2,500-5,000 5000-10000 10000-25000 25,000-60,000 50,000-100,000 - 100,000-250,000 . 250,000 and over - Total cumulative (percent) Number 10.6 16.5 26.0 36.4 47.6 63.2 73.5 79.9 86.7 100.0 Dollars 5.6 9.0 13.6 20.8 29.3 43.8 56.7 67.6 74.5 100.0 Source cumulative (percent) Number 12.4 18.2 27,2 38.2 49.4 66.0 74.6 80.6 88.0 100.0 Dollars 2.8 4.2 7.1 12.4 18.6 27.8 38.3 48.2 53.8 100.0 Treatment cumulative (percent) Number 8.7 17.8 32.0 44.0 52.8 70.6 80.2 89.6 92.9 100.0 Dollars 2.2 7.0 10.4 15.4 20.2 40.4 59.2 75.8 89.8 100.0 Distribution cumula- tive (percent) Number 9.8 15.3 24.6 34.3 45.7 61.2 71.7 77.8 83.2 100.0 Dollars 9.1 13.5 19.9 29.9 41.8 68.6 70,8 79.6 86.1 100.0 Miscellaneous > cumu- lative (percent) Number 12.1 18.5 28.2 39.1 51.2 65.6 76.7 83.7 90.0 100.0 Dollars 7.3 12.9 18.6 26.7 37.1 63.5 67.1 78.7 84.5 100.0 i Cumulative percentages are based on the known population groups. »This includes separate contracts for pumping facilities and other waterworks contracts that cover more than one of the above divisions. TABLE 13.—Contract awards—waterworks construction—1985—by contract size groups Contract size group (dollars) Under 10 000 -- 10000-26000 28000-60000 50000-100000 - --- 100000-250000 260000-600000 600000-1000000 1000000-5000000 - Over 5 000 000 Total Total Number 1,281 1,416 1,165 897 744 266 138 86 6 5,999 Dollars 6, 752, 292 23, 474, 606 42, 100, 231 63,580,877 115,144,771 94,176,542 95,374,987 163,857,589 81,111,630 686,573,425 Source Number 344 371 211 138 126 60 48 33 6 1,335 Dollars 1,835,717 5,893,096 7, 685, 216 9,632,341 19,857,085 21, 587, 784 33, 009, 676 69,744,075 74,151,668 243,196,558 Treatment Number 18 38 66 62 56 36 28 28 1 322 Dollars 89,980 669,365 2,004,660 4,415,271 9,115,940 13,349,975 18, 768, 960 53,130,736 6,960,062 108,604,849 Distribution Number 805 827 707 646 423 114 40 12 3,474 Dollars 4,171,989 13,927,641 25,773,681 38,798,142 64, 128, 960 39,458,551 28,219,983 17,567,904 232,036,651 Miscellaneous ' Number 114 180 191 151 141 66 22 13 868 Dollars 654,606 2,984,504 6, 736, 874 10,835,123 22,042,786 19.780,232 15,376,368 23,424,874 101,835,367 1 This includes separate contracts for pumping facilities and other waterworks contracts that cover more than one of the above divisions. ------- TABLE 13A.—Contract awards—waterworks construction—1965—by contract size groups—cumulative percentages Contract size group (dollars) Under 10 000 10000-25000 - -- - OK ntm-in 000 - - -- vi nnn-ioo 000 - inn nno-2fiO 000 - oKn nnn-SiflO 000 - 500 000-1 000 000 -- 1000000-5000000 - --- -- Total cumulative (percent) Number 21.4 45.0 64.4 79.4 91.8 96.2 98.6 99.9 100.0 Dollars 1.0 4.4 10. 5 19.8 36.6 £0.3 64.2 88. 1 100.0 Source cumulative (percent) Number 25.8 53.6 69.4 79.7 89.1 93.6 97.2 99.7 100.0 Dollars 0.8 3.2 6.3 10.2 18.4 27.3 40.9 69.6 100.0 Treatment cumulative (percent) Number 5.6 17.4 34.8 54.1 71.2 82.4 91.1 99.8 100.0 Dollars 0.1 0.7 2.5 6.6 15.0 27.3 44.6 93.6 100.0 Distribution cumula- tive (percent) Number 23.2 47.0 67.4 83.1 95.3 98.6 99.8 100.0 100.0 Dollars 1.8 7.8 18.9 35.6 63.2 80.2 92.4 100.0 100.0 Miscellaneous ' cumu- lative (percent) Number 13.1 33.8 55.8 73.2 89.4 95.9 98.4 100.0 100.0 Dollars 0.6 3.5 10.1 20.7 42.3 61.7 76.8 100.0 100.0 i This includes separate contracts for pumping facilities and other waterworks contracts that cover more than one ol the above division TABLE 14.—Contract awards—waterworks conduction—1965—by drainage basins Drainage basin Southwest-Lower Mississippi- - Colorado River Pacific Northwest - Alaska Hawaii Puerto Rico - Total Total Number 929 475 561 77 605 124 556 398 405 602 89 542 173 403 52 8 5,999 Dollars 78,423,194 44, 515, 274 72, 762, 031 16,065,419 64, 111, 179 10,141,611 37, 668, 750 56,933,655 37,114,006 59,931,926 14,260,476 44,626,323 16,776,659 126,373,251 4,921,617 958,054 685,573,425 Source Number 199 93 144 9 92 15 128 81 96 158 31 139 36 98 15 1 1,335 Dollars 24,729,832 15,382,364 18,751,408 1,380,865 11, 195, 151 1, 452, 494 3, 467, 679 19, 677, 878 7, 729, 112 24, 041, 663 4, 840, 173 12, 176, 503 6,950,556 90, 610, 737 780,360 29,783 243, 196, 558 Treatment Number 35 25 40 10 58 10 33 17 29 37 2 14 4 7 1 322 Dollars 10,817,872 6,333,492 19,280,107 2,669,402 13,871,001 2, 169, 906 8, 869, 432 8,569,617 12,700,271 8,626,354 4,182,836 9, 578, 185 705,688 393,723 36,963 108, 504, 849 Distribution Number 561 304 284 46 389 92 318 268 200 335 37 324 91 206 18 1 3,474 Dollars 29,879,219 17,314,575 17,960,552 8, 278, 455 31,377,102 6,202,611 18, 826, 732 22,738,806 11, 940, 6S1 20,528,455 3,034,734 14,999,254 7,880,861 18,362,815 2,383,799 328,000 232,036,651 Miscellaneous ' Number 134 53 93 12 66 7 77 32 80 72 19 65 42 92 18 6 868 Dollars 13,296,271 5, 484, 843 16, 759, 964 3, 736, 697 7,667,925 316,600 6,504,907 5,947,354 4, 743, 942 6,735,454 2, 202, 733 7,872,381 1,239,554 17,005,976 1,720,495 600,271 101, 835, 367 i This Includes separate contracts for pumping facilities and other waterworks. 10 ------- TABLE 15.—Contract awards—waterworks construction—1966—by states State Alabama _..._ - , Alaska Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana _ _ - Maine Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana.. ~. Nebraska New Jersey -. -- New Mexico _- New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma .. Oregon Penns y 1 vania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia WiRtfnnsin . Total - Total Number 50 8 58 63 155 76 22 8 27 174 116 11 252 132 86 103 96 126 13 154 184 215 150 173 163 23 85 7 20 171 50 557 101 31 318 193 54 288 27 35 40 109 520 10 11 66 106 16 226 21 6,999 Dollars 6, 797, 764 958,054 9, 854, 122 5, 271, 156 132,000,980 14,837,432 3, 417, 274 644,743 1, 032, 846 28,226,724 10, 437, 724 1, 124, 701 23,145,983 20,650,015 S, 098,695 6,436,509 18, 645, 520 7,763,472 1, 000, 620 14, 544, 328 9, 411, 792 37,334,976 6, 969, 234 10, 241, 075 11,848,336 745, «7 11,849,068 2, 571, 712 770, 640 14, 676, 573 6, 595, 576 50, 768, 745 18,163,957 2,235,609 25, 735, 254 17, 810, 154 3,764,633 20, 037, 150 3,339,956 5,009,792 2,054,282 19,284,384 51, 382, 772 588,268 633,633 10, 413, 268 11, 832, 281 3, 107, 812 12, 129, 964 2, 578, 220 685, 573, 425 Source Number 11 1 20 15 111 25 7 1 2 41 31 4 34 24 28 17 8 45 27 55 48 41 62 43 7 22 5 6 43 20 94 20 6 60 41 13 54 4 8 5 6 127 2 4 9 18 4 51 5 1,335 Dollars 643,380 29,783 3,019,125 1,015,255 91,478,333 10, 692, 538 1, 727, 257 22,450 64,178 8, 155, 719 1, 819, 043 46,192 1,718,058 3, 434, 973 334,619 892,882 3, 951, 053 2, 359, 901 7, 250, 370 3. 845, 326 17, 592, 833 697, 395 1, 361, 468 1, 072, 644 111,993 959, 889 1,333,965 91, 267 5, 756, 954 1, 654, 245 13, 592, 579 3, 864, 276 85,367 4, 715, 799 4, 669, 297 786, 191 6, 157, 966 102, 630 3, 146, 207 73,211 824,299 19, 613, 198 31,984 100, 718 3,021,232 6, 112, 314 775, 965 1, 709, 030 691,208 243, 196, 558 Treatment Number 4 2 6 7 5 4 1 1 17 8 19 16 5 9 17 7 3 5 3 9 8 9 10 1 3 7 1 20 7 2 29 9 1 15 1 3 11 15 1 1 7 3 6 4 322 Dollars 1,465,609 4,182,836 701,782 393,723 1, 764, 152 340,006 129,440 496,244 6, 966, 151 3,316,089 7,538,860 5,703,260 2, 166, 153 1,046,329 4, 997, 132 1,084,457 271,113 573, 812 94,323 3, 407, 536 1, 865, 536 3,285,003 343,934 159, 000 7, 432, 946 1, 459, 652 71,117 8, 513, 239 5, 512, 590 412,548 6, 429, 894 3, 116, 684 143, 143 2, 315, 684 673, 014 441,067 2,262,342 11, 937, 023 36,963 216, 150 2,920,712 562,545 403,801 1,361,255 108, 504, 849 Distribution Number 23 1 27 31 224 28 9 6 21 79 61 4 160 72 31 57 62 68 5 106 92 143 84 93 82 10 49 1 11 91 19 378 55 16 205 119 29 196 17 22 24 74 317 5 4 41 57 11 148 6 3,474 Dollars 1,361,466 328,000 1, 581, 540 2,348,063 20, 471, 747 1,663.220 1, 251, 686 392,853 337,484 5, 906, 515 3, 245, 987 915,084 9, 613, 451 7, 266, 356 1, 595, 860 2, 968, 919 8, 890, 523 4, 135, 692 356,718 4, 147, 521 4, 115, 623 11, 898, 816 3, 935, 459 4, 478, 038 7, 452, 243 267,606 2, 675, 163 1, 175, 395 579, 901 5,535,320 1, 833, 222 19, 565, 111 3, 778, 048 1, 064, 575 12, 790, 132 7, 237, 499 2, 472, 628 10, 085, 381 1, 701, 990 1, 581, 791 1, 172, 244 13, 044, 136 14, 431, 030 466,002 176,639 3, 213, 279 4, 461, 731 2, 237, 333 9, 459, 259 392, 382 232, 036, 651 Miscellaneous > Number 12 6 9 11 113 18 2 3 37 16 3 39 20 22 20 9 6 5 16 34 15 17 9 28 5 11 1 3 30 10 65 19 7 24 24 11 23 5 6 8 18 61 2 2 9 28 1 20 6 868 Dollars 3,337,309 600,271 1,070,621 1,206.056 19, 657, 177 737,522 98,325 144,940 7,198,339 2,056,605 163,425 4, 275, 614 4,146,426 1, 002, 063 1, 528, 379 806,812 183,422 372, 789 , 572, 625 1,356,520 4, 436, 791 470,844 1,116,566 2,979,615 207,048 781,080 62, 352 99,472 1,924,647 3, 036, 992 9,097,816 5,009.043 673,119 1, 799, 429 2, 786, 674 362, 671 1, 478, 120 862,322 281,794 367, 760 3,153,607 5, 401, 521 53,319 140, 126 1, 258, 045 695, 691 94,614 557, 874 133,375 101, 835, 367 1 This includes separate contracts for pumping facilities and other waterworks. 11 ------- D. COMBINATION CONSTRUCTION Combination contracts are made up of projects that cover more than one of the three major categories: (1) Sewage treatment; (2) collecting sewers; and (3) waterworks. The combination contract awards by States appear in table 3 of section 1. TABLE 16.—Contract awards—combination construction—- 1965—by population size groups TABLE 17.—Contract awards—combination construction— 1965—by contract size groups Population size group Unknown population stae — Under 500 600-1,000 1 000-2,600 . . 2,600-5,000 5 000-10 000 10,000-25,000 25,000-60,000 50,000-100,000 - 100000-250000 250 000 and over Total Combinations ' Number 126 39 42 113 82 111 127 97 73 56 501 1,367 Dollars 10,726,754 2,568,764 3,212,606 10,657,387 7,441,456 14,236,897 13,328,317 8,669,037 10,600,219 6,489,226 27,787,726 115,618,379 Cumulative percent2 Number 3.1 6.5 15.6 22.2 31.1 41.3 49.1 65.0 69.5 100.0 Dollars 2.4 6.6 15.6 22.7 36.3 49.0 57.3 67.4 73.6 100.0 1 This Includes contracts whose descriptive Information covers more than a single category of construction (e.g., sewage treatment, sewers, or water- works). > Cumulative percentages are based on the known population groups. Contract size group (dollars) Under 10,000 10,000-26,000 25,000-60,000 80,000-100,000 100,000-260,000.. 250,000-600,000 600,000-1,000,000 1,000,000-5,000,000 Over 5,000,000 Total Combinations ' Number 263 346 251 231 175 65 24 13 1,367 Dollars 1,668,399 6, 738, 102 8,827,828 16,454,180 27, 201, 137 22,167,911 16,647,026 16,912,896 US. 618, 379 Cumulative percent Number 19.2 44.4 62.8 79.7 92.5 97.3 99.1 100.0 100.0 Dollars 1.4 6.4 14.0 28.2 51.7 70.9 85.3 100.0 100.0 ' This Includes contracts whose descriptive Information covers more than a single category of construction (e.g., sewage treatment, sewers, or water- works). TABLE 18.—Contract awards—combination construction—1965—by drainage basin North Atlantic --- Southeast - - - - Ohio River - - Lake Erie - Upper Mississippi - - - - Western Great Lakes Southwest-Lower Mississippi - - -- Combinations i Number 72 468 108 3 43 26 172 137 77 67 Dollars 12, 408, 109 21,091,946 16,170,662 119, 381 3, 839, 739 2,498,264 14,962,834 8, 685, 055 7, 919, 500 7,161,989 Drainage basin -. Colorado River .-_ --- -, - - . Western Gulf - - -- Pacific Northwest Great Basin - - . - Alaska -- Hawaii Puerto Rico Total - Combinations ' Number 10 129 16 32 3 4 1,367 Dollars 758,066 12, 613, 763 4,132,351 3,802,372 444,683 209,665 115, 618, 379 i This includes contracts whose descriptive information covers more than one single category of construction (e.g., sewage treatment, sewers, or waterworks). 12 •& U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1«6—O-222-65I ------- |