ENGLISH-RUSSIAN


  ENVIRONMENTAL


     GLOSSARY
         I
informatics incj
           Rockville. Maryland:-.


           (3011 770-3000

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ENGLISH-RUSSIAN ENVIRONMENTAL GLOSSARY
              Prepared for
       Water  Planning Division,
   Environmental Protection Agency,
      Under  Contract P5-01-2055-B
                   by
              George Cerny
                   and
        Vlastimir A. Stevovich
            Project Manager:

            Stuart G. Hibben




            Program Manager:

               Ruth Ness


                  1975
                      Information Systems Company
    informatics inc
                    ©
                      Rockvillo, Maryland 20852
                      (301) 770-3000

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                        INTRODUCTION
          This is an English-Russian glossary of basic terms
pertaining to environmental pollution.  The contents have been
arranged in categories of air pollution, water pollution,, legal,
administrative, and economic terms.  A brief list of units of
measure common to environmental studies has also been included.

          In some cases there is no direct equivalent Russian
term for the English one; here as in all cases the Russian has
been selected so as to best convey the sense of the English term.

          Where commercial compounds such as pesticides appear,
their chemical composition has generally been omitted for the
sake of simplicity.  Such information can be obtained from a
standard chemical reference.

          We emphasize that this is a preliminary effort only,
and is subject to future revision and updating.  Suggestions
for additions, deletions or corrections from readers are accordingly
encouraged.

          A Russian term index will be added when the glossary
entries are completed.

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                            BBEflEHHE
                      cjiosapb npeflcxaBJiHeT  cobofl aHi-Jio-pyccKHfi
                    cjiosapb  naHSojiee ynoxpeSHxentHbix TepMHHOB
no aarpHSHSHHio OKpyjKawmeft cpeflbi. TepMnnu pacnojiojKeHti no  xewa-
          rpynnaM: sarpHsneHHe Bosnyxa; sarpHSHGHne BOflu;  lopn-
          xepMUHBi; anMHHHCTpaTHBHtae TepMHHu;  3KOHOwmiecKne Tep-
MHHH. CuOBapB COnpOBOXJtaeTCH KpaTKHM CHHCKOM OCHOBHUX 6HHHHU
H3MepeHHH7  HMGWIUHX OTHomeHHe K Bonpocaw OKpya
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                  TABLE-OF CONTENTS





                                                   Page



Part I.       Air Pollution Terms                    1



Part II.      Water Pollution Terms                 14



Part III.     Legal Terms                           90



Part IV.      Administrative Terms                 101



Part V.       Economic Terms                       117



Part VI.      Units and Measures                   129
                          111

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                   OFJIABJIEHHE
                                                 CTp.

Pjiasa  1.   3arpH3H6HHe  sosnyxa                  1

       2.   3arpH3H6HHe  BOHU                     14

       3.   lOpHflH^ecKne  TepMHHbi                  90

       4.   A£MHHHCTpaTHBHbie TSpMHHEJ            101

       5.   3KOHOMH*ieCKHe TepMHHtJ                117

       6.   EflHHHUbJ H3M6P6HHH                    129
                      IV

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   Part I




AIR POLLUTION

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ABATEMENT
 BOPbBA C 3AFPH3HEHHEM
   Measures taken  to reduce or
eliminate pollution,  which may
involve administrative and
judicial proceedings and
technological applications.
   Mepu no vMeHbiueHHiu HJIH npeno-
           3arpH3H6HHH C BO3MOJKHUM
             BO3A6HCTBHH TeXHHieCKO-
 ro,  aflMHHHCTpaxHBHoro H cyaeGHoro
ADIABATIC GRADIENT
 (LAPSE RATE)
   The decrease  in temperature of a
parcel of  dry  air  as it moves upward
in a hydrostatically stable environ-
ment and expands slowly to lower
ambient pressure without exchange of
heat;  it is also the rate of increase
in temperature for a descending par-
cel.   The  adiabatic lapse rate is
g/Cpd,  where g is  the acceleration of
gravity and cp(j  is the specific heat
of dry air at  constant pressure; thus
the lapse  rate is  numerically S.767OC
per km, or about 5.4°F per 1,000 ft.
AflHAEATHIECKHfl FPAflHEHT
             TeMnepaTypbi Ma ecu
cyxoro Boaayxa, nepeMemaiomerocn
BEepX B FHflpOCTaTHHeCKH nOCTOHHHOfi
cpefle c yMEHhiuoHHeM  BHeuiHero naBJie-
Hiin H Cea oGMena xen/ia. TaK«e H
rpaflHeHT noBbmienHH TSMnepaTypu
onycKaioiueficn Maccu.  AflHaoaTHiiecKHft
                     nocpeflCTBOM
        rae g - ycKopeHHe CHJIU TJI-
       a cPd - yneJibHan Tenjioeiu-
KOCTb cyxoro soasyxa npw HOCTOHH-
              TaKHM  oCpaaoM VIHCJIO-
             rpajqHeHTa
HOM naBJieHHH
aan
9,767°U Ha 1
OYTOB .
                                                         KM,  HJIH  5,4°* Ha 1000
APVECTION

   The process of horizontal
transport of an atmospheric
property solely by  the mass
motion  (velocity field)  of the
atmosphere; also, the rate of
change of the condition of the
advected property at a given
point.
    npouecc ropHsoHTanbHoro nepeno-
ca  onpeflejienHoro csofiCTBa
pbl  HCKJllDMHieJlbHO HOCpeHCTBOM
xeHHH  Maccu aTMOcOepu (nojie CKOPO-
CT6fl) ;  TaKJite CKOpOCTb H3MeHSHHH
COCTOHHHH  aflBGKTHBHOrO CBOflCTBa B
AEROSOL

   A dispersion  of  solid or liquid
particles of nicroscopic size in a
gaseous medium,  such as smoke, fog,
or mist.
                                            A3P030Jlb
             MHKpOCKOnHMeCKHX

13CTHU TBepflblX  HJIH  )KHAKHX BeClCCTB
B raaooGpasHOii  cpene,  Kai< Hanp.
flblM, TyMBH HJIH
AFFECTED FACILITY

   The specific pollution -
emitting process or  apparatus
which is subject to  a  new source
performance standard under
section 111 of the Clean Air Act.
For example, the affected
facilities within iron and steel
plants are presently basic oxygen
process furnaces and electric
arc -furnaces.
 VCTAHOBKA HOfl HAfl30POM
                         npouecc
HJIH ycTBHOBKa, cnocoScTByn>iune aarpn-
OHOHHlU BOBflyxa H,  CJieAOBQTe^IbHO,
noflsepx.eiiHHe HOBHK npoii3BOflCTBeHHbiM
Hopuau copjiacno naparpacjjy 1 1 1 3ai\o;
HOAaTeJibHoro aura  o  HIICTOTO
Hanpuwep B HacToameo Bpetta Ha
         Hepnoti MeTa.ajivprnn
                                            BS.fl nCHb HJIH nSHb C OCHOBHHM  KIICJIQ-
                                            POAHUM nponeccou.

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AIR POLLUTION EPISODE

   Situation confined  to a specific
geographic area where  the concen-
tration of air pollutants becomes
more harmful than  usual to the
health of man, animal  and plant
life.
                                            MACTHHfl CJiyHAH  3ArPfl3HEHHfl
                                                           OTHOcnmoecn K onpefle-
                                                   reorpncjwiecKoii MBCTHOCTU,
                                                  oarpaoiioHiie  aooAyxa BcmecTBauvi,
                                            BpOflHHMH RJIR  OflOpOBbH HOJIOBeKB, '  II"
                                            BOTHblX HJIH  paCTSHHfi,  OKB3aJIOCb BHUie
                                            OC)bI4HOrO.
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION

   The basic geographic area on
which air  pollution control
strategics are formulated.  The
AQCR boundaries are designated
as much  as possible to be con-
sistent  with the airshed concept.
That is, the sources in a given
area share a common air mass and
the air  quality is a result of
the emission contributions of all
the sources in that area.  EPA,
assisted by the States, has
divided  the country into 247
AQCR's.  A region may cover only
part of  one state or it can
include  portions of several states
which share a common air pollution
problem.
                                            PAMOH KOHTPOJlfl KAHECTBA
                                               OciiOBHoii  reorpac|>iiMecKnii pai-ion,
                                            B KOTOPOM  $OpMVJlHpy.uTCH OaflaHH HO
                                            KOHTpoJiio sa  3arpyi3iieHneM aoaAyxa.
                                            rpaHHUU paiiOHOD onpeACJUiwTcfl Tax,
                                            M TOO hi OHH  COBna/laJIH C nOHHTHCM
                                            Booayxopasflejia . HIIUMH C^IOBOMH,
                                            HCTO4IIHKH  B  AaHHOM MCCTHOCTH OTHO-
                                            CflTCH K OAHOUy M TOHy VC BO3Ayil!HOMy
                                            6acceKny w,  cJieAOBareJibno, KaiecTBo
                                            Bosflyxa HBJiJieTCfl pesyjibraroM nudpo-
                                            COB B aTMoccj)epy Bcex Bwecre ssfiTHx
                                            HCTOHHHKOB B 3ToM MSCTHOCTH. ArCHT~
                                            CTBO no samHTo oKpyy.aiomeH cpeAbi,
                                                COAGHCTB'.IH OTflO^IbHHX UITaTOB,
                                                       BC.C crpany Ha 214-7 pafioHOB.
                                            PaiioHU MoryT 6HTb MacTt
                                            OAnoro uiiaTa, HJLH woryi
                                            Ha ynacTKOB, npHHaAJievamnx K Hec-
                                                    iiiTaxau, CBJisaHHHx oCmei-i
                                                                   BO3Ayxa.
AIR QUALITY CRITERIA

   A  compilation of the effects
of a  given pollutant in quantit-
ative terms (i.e.,  the effects
as a  function of concentration,
exposure time,  presence of other
pollutants, etc).  This compil-
ation of all available scientific
information then becomes the
basis for setting ambient air
quality standards.   A criteria
document is prepared by EPA
only  when adequate quantitative
data  on dosage versus effects are
available to support the establish-
ment  of an air quality standard.
                                            KPHTEPHH  KA^ECTBA
                                               CoBOKynnocTb  BpeAHHx
                                                   sarpflGHHTSJin B
                                                        (T.e. BJIHSHHG paccHaipH-
                                                   KBK  ^yHKUHH KOHueHTpannn,
                                                    BOOASHCTBHH,  K&JivnKR
                                                            HTA ). KoMnJieKC
                                                    HayMKoH  HH(})op»4auHH cxaHOBH-
                                            TCH 5aaoH KJIR (jjopMy^iHpoBKii Hopu na-
                                            •necTBa OKpy-:aiomero sosayxa. Hopua-
                                            THBHiie AOKyMGHTLI COCTaBJIHAlTCH AreHT"
                                            CTBOM no aamiiie  OKpy.;:a^meH cpGAu
                                            TOJibKO B TOM  cjiy^ae,  ecJiw HueioTCfi
                                            B paCnOpHIveHIIH COOTBeTCTByiOIUHO KOJIH-
                                            HecTBeHHHe  flaHHue o BoaHMOAewcTBiiw
                                            AOS H 3$4>eKTa,  oCecneHHBaMiuiic BOO-
                                            MO)?HOCTI> yCTaHOB.ieHHH TaKHX HOpll.
AIR QUALITY  MAINTENANCE PLAN

   A control strategy designed to
ensure  that  once an air quality
standard  is  attained, air quality
will not  decrease to levels that
would again  exceed the prescribed
air quality  standard.
                                            PEKHH OBECIlEqEHHa KAqECTBA  B03flyXA

                                               PewHM KOHTPOJIH,
                                            nocTOHHCTBo o6ecneHeHHH
                                            HOPM xa^ecTsa soaayxa H npenoTspa-
                                            UiaiOlUHft BO3MOIKHOCT1. TOPO,  WTOCb! P33
                                            ycrauoBJieHHoe KaviecTBO Bosjqyxa
                                            Jio  33 npeae^bi flonycTHMbix  HOPM.
AIR QUALITY STANDARD  (see National
Ambient Air Quality Standard)
                                            CTAHflAPTbl KAMECTBA B03flVXA
                                            TocyaapcTBeHiibie cjanflapTbi
                                            oicpyxcaioiuero soaayxa) .
                                                                         (CM.

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AIR MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

   Program  developed for the
planning and  implementation of air
pollution control with the ob]ective
of obtaining  the highest beneficial
use of the  limited air rssource.

   Elements of  an air management
program include establishment of
short and long  range goals;
continuing  assessment of air quality
and source  emissions, including
future estimates; establishment of
ambient air quality goals; design
of programs to  obtain desired air
quality; and  development of long
range air plans.
nrorpAMMA no  KOIITPOJIIO 3A KA-
4ECTDOH B03SVXA~~

   nporpauua,  paopaCoraHHaH
njiaHHpoBamm  H ocymecTBJieiinn KOH-
rpojin o& sarpHOHeHiien sos/iyxa,
UeJIb.ij KOTOpOfi  J1BJIH6TCH flOCTir/lBHIie
MEKCHMBJIbHO 3(}xi)eKTHBHOrO MCIlOJlbOO-
BaHHR orpaiiHHeHHtix BosAyuuihix pecyp
COB.
   FIporpaMua  no KOHTPOJIW HBA oarpn
3HeHneu BOSAyxa BKJiK,iaeT K&K ROJITO
         T8K  H KpaTKOCpOHHUe 33AaH
       saAanaMti SIBJIWICSI OUCHKII Ka
H6CTB& BO3flyxa H HCTOHHHKOB Oarpfl-
3H6HHK II COCTaBJieHIIC  npOTHOOOD;
onpe«ejienne uejiefi,  K  KOTOPHM Hy:cHo
           B  paMKax nporpaMMhi no
         aa KaMecTBOM OKpyxtaiuiuero
         coBepuiencTBOBaHHe Mepoiipn-
      seflymiix  K Haue^ieKHOMy KanecT
         H paspacSoTKa aojirocpoiHux
ALERT  LEVELS

    Pollutant concentrations
indicative of possible hazards
to public health and welfare.  When
alert  levels are reached, certain
warning or corrective actions may
be required by the air pollution
control agency.
yPOBHH EflMTEJIbHOCTM
   TaKne
     KOTOpne  yKaanBaioT Ha
onacHocTH «JIH oSmecTBeKHoro
H SjiarOCOCTOHHHfl. IIpH aOCTHK6HHH
TaKHX  ypoBHSH,  opraHH, KOHTpoJinpy-
KiiUHe sarpaaHeHHOCTb aT'.5oct}jepM,  MoryT
npn6erHyTb  K  npeaooTeperaiomuM  MJIH
 AMBIENT AIR

    That portion of the atmosphere,
 external to buildings, to which
 the general public has access.
                                             OKPyJKAlOlUHH B034VX
   Ta  laCTb 3TMOC$epbI BH6
flOCTyn K  KOTOPOH OTKpbJT flJIH BC6X.
 AREA SOURCE

    Any small residential,  govern-
 mental,  institutional, commercial,
 or industrial fuel combustion
 operations; onsite waste disposal
 facility; motor vehicles,  aircraft,
 vessels, or other transportation
 facilities; or other miscellaneous
 sources.
                                             MECTHUH HCTOHHMK
    JlioOan TonJiHBOcjKHraxeJibHaH  ycxa-
Hoaxa,  pacnojiOKeHHan Ha TGPPHTOPHH
T6J]bCKHX,  TOprOBbJX HJ1H npOMbmiJieHMblX
           TaKwe: MecTHue MycopocsH-
           CTaHUHH; aBTOMauiHHbi,  ca-
MOJiexbi,  cyAa H npyrne TpaHcnopTHbie
cpeflCTBa;  HHUE BcesosMoxHue
HrtKH.
 BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION

    Ambient concentrations which are
 caused by natural sources of
 pollution.  In some cases, back-
 ground may also include man-made
 pollutants advected into the area.
 Background is often used to denote
 those  concentrations which are
                                             3>OHOBAfl KOHIiEHTPAlIHfl
                 3arpH3Hemifi  B  OKpy-
Ka.-v.meK cpeae or ecxecxBenHbix IICTOMHH-
KOB .  B OTfleJibHbix cJiynaKX fyonooafi
KOHHOHXpaUHfl MOV6T BKJIwMaTb  3arpH3-
HHX6JIH,  nonasuine B AQHHyio  uecxHocTb
B  pesyjitTare fleflTejibHocTii  MeJioseKa.
TepMHH "tfioHOBhifi" TaKse ynoTpefi JIHSXCH

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uncontrollable/  either because they
are of natural origin or because
they arc  transported from another
area not  subject to the jurisdiction
of the air pollution control agency.
B SHaHOHIIH KOllUOHTpamiM, HO HO/lflaiO-
melicfl KOHTpoji.d Jin6o  BCJieACTBiie ee
ecTccTBenHoro npoiicxoy/ieiiiifl, .11160
noTOMy, MTO oarpflomiTejin oanecciiu
B AaHHuii pniioii HO  Apymx paiionos,
HBXOAnmnxcJi ane  •OPHCAHKUHH MecTHbix
opraHOB.
 BAGHOUSE (see Fabric Collector)
 nbUlEVJlOBHTEJIbllAn KAMEPA  (CM.  Saflep-
          tJ>HJlbTP H3 TKdHH)
BREATHING LOSSES  (see  Floating Roof
Tank)
HOTEPH flUXAHKEM   (en.  Peaepsyap c
          nphnueii  )
CATALYTIC CONVERTER/CONVERTER

   A control  device  for automotive
exhaust.  The principle involves
burning or oxidizing combustible
constituents  remaining in the
exhaust; that is,  converting
hydrocarbons  and carbon monoxide (CO)
into water and carbon dioxide (CC>2)
by burning.   The catalytic converter
does not require the use of  heat
exchanger or  supplementary fuel.
Effective combustion can be obtained
at lower temperatures than in the
flame afterburner.
KATAJ1HTHMECKHH nPEOEPASOBATEJIb
              flJIH  KOHTpOJIH
HHX rasoB aBTOTpancnopTa. OcHOBano
KB npiiHUnne c^wraHUH UJIH oKHCJieHHH
ropioiero coaeps'HMoro BHXJionHUx raaos,
i.e. Ha npespameHHH yrJieBOflopoflOB
H OKHCH yrjiepofla B sofly H yrjieKHC.no-
iy nyieii oYHraHHfl. KaTaJiHTHMecicHti
                 paSoiasx Qea
          H He  nywflaeTes B
HOM TonJiHBe .  344>eKTHBHoe o
npHcxoflHT B HBM npH oojiee HHSKIIX
xeMnepaiypax  MBM B Ka;/.epo
ro floropaHHH.
COEFFICIENT OF HAZE  (Coh)

   A measure of  fine  air particulate
matter by determination of light
transmission  (optical density)
through a deposit of  fine particles
on a filter.  Soiling index values
are expressed in Cohs per 100 linear
feet of air.
            fltJMKM
npnneoH B BOSAyxe,
nponycwaHneM  oseTa  (  onxniecKaa
njioxHOCTb ) Mepea cjiofi UBJIKHX
OC6BIIIHX HS (jJHJIbTpe.  SKa^
sarpnaHeniifl Btipa^a.-OTCE B
CHTaX AtlMKH [KA] Ha  100 JtHHeflHHX
      B03Ayxa.
CONTROL STRATEGY

   Combination  of  measures designated
to achieve  the  aggregate reduction
of emissions  necessary for attain-
ment and maintenance of a national
standard, including,  but not limited
to, measures  such  as:

   (])  Emission limitations.
   (2)  Federal or State emission
charges or  taxes or other economic
incentives  or disincentives.
   (3)  Closing or relocation of
residential,  commercial, or
MEPOnPHflTHfl KOHTPOJig

   CoBOKynHocTb  Hep, HanpaBJieHHHx
na odmee CH use HUG  spesHiix BHCpocoB
c uejib.o AOOTHV SHHH H coxpaneHiifl
rooyAapcrBCHHHx  nopw HB
ypoBHe . MepH  3Tii,  AonycKan
Hooib  H flpyrux MeponpiiflTiiii,
K CJieflyrJiuoMy:
I/ OrpaHinemie BHflpoooB.
2/ *eflepaJibHHe H uixaTS
   H aeHexubie BObicKaHM.q H paaime
                 HJIII, nao6opOT,
                                               3KOHOMHMOCKOPO  xapaKTepa.

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industrial  facilities.
    (4)  Changes  in  schedules or
methods of  operation of commercial
or  industrial  facilities or trans-
portation systems,  including, but
not limited to,  short-term changes
made in accordance  with standby
plans.
    (5)  Periodic inspection and
testing of  motor vehicle emission
control systems,  at such time as
the Administrator determines that
such programs  are feasible and
practicable.
    (6)  Emission control measures
applicable  to  in-use motor vehicles,
including,  but not  limited to,
measures such  as mandatory mainten-
ance, installation  of emission
control devices,  and conversion
to  gaseous  fuels.
    (7)  Measures to reduce motor
vehicle traffic,  including, but not
limited to,  measures such as
commuter taxes,  gasoline rationing,
parking restrictions, or staggered
working hours.
    (8)  Expansion or promotion of
the use of  mass  transportation
facilities  through  measures such as
increases in the frequency,
convenience, and passenger-carrying
capacity of mass transportation
systems or  providing for special bus
lanes on major streets and highways.
3/ SaKpuTiie  HJIH nepoMcmeHHe
   TOprOBUX  HJIH npOMHUIJieHHhlX OObBK-
   TOD.
I|Y nepouenu  B  rpacfnucax HJIH tieroAax
   paOOTU  TOprOBHX MJIH npOMhmiJIOHIIUX
   npe/tnpnaTnii IIJIH rpancnopTHhix
   cticTeu, BKJi.u^a
             coofipaBHO
                 njianoB, XOTH 11 HC
                  TaKIIMH K3MeHCIIIIJIMM .
5/ IIepnoAHHecKjie ncrmTaHHH H OCBH-
   AeTe-flbCTBOBailllfl BHXJIOnilblX CMCTCM
   aBTOTpaHcnopxa; a/uiHHiiCTpaTMBHiiie
   opranu  ycTDHaD.nnBa.oT Bpei.ia H  cpo-
   KH KJKI  xaKHX npoaepOK no CBoeuy
   yCMOTpCHHit).
6/ MeponpiiHTHH no nponepKe BHXJIOHHHX
   CHCTBM  aBTOMamviii iraxo/iHiuHxcn  B
   3KcnjiyaTautm, DKJi.uHaa ( no no
   orpaHHl]MBaHCb THKHMII )  MepH no
   BCTpaHBaiiHu. Mexaiui3MOB I\JIR KOH-
   TpOJIJI BHXJIOnOB, 06H3aT6JIbHOe  CO-
   flep>:aHne  THKHX wexaHHQMOB B iicnpa-
   B1IOCTH  H  HCnpaBHOCTb HepeBOflB B
   raaoofipaanoe cocroHHiie.
7/ MepH no coKpauieHHiu flBHJ=cenHH
   asTOMamnH,  BKJiiOHasi  ( HO He orpa-
   HHMHBaflCb T3KHMH ) HajIOTH Ha
   o^iy\'aiuHX, iipHeo-'a^mHx CBOHMH
   aBTOT/odHJiflMH Ha pafioTy MS npnro-
   POAOB,  BBeflenne KaproMHoH CHCTe-
   Mbi na densiiH, orpaHHieHHe CTOHHOK
   K BBefleHHe  fln4xf)epeHmipOBaKHbix
   lacos pafioTH.
_8/ IIoompeHHe' H yaejiHxeHHe odeua
   cpeflcrs MaccoBoro TpancnopTa  H
   BOSMOx-HocTeK ero ncnojib30BaHH«
   nyxeM ysejiHieHHii ero lacTOTH  H
   nponycKHoH  cnocoSnocTHj
             H  coBflaHHe
           RJIR aBTOSyCOB HB TJiaBHHX
           H  luocce.
CRANKCASE BLOWBY EMISSIONS

   The automobile hydrocarbon
emissions coming front the crankcase
breather tube.   Gases emitted from
the crankcase consist of a mixture
of unburned  fuel-air charge (85%)
and exhaust  products (15%) blown
past the piston rings.
nPOPHBH FA3A  B  nOJIOCTH KAPTEPA

   BHdpocH  yrjiesoflopoflOB HB canyiia
Kaprepa aBTouauiiiHU. BudpacuBaeuue
     COCTOBT  HO CMecu Hecropesiuero
       ropionero H eooflyxa [85 %} v.
          npoayKTOB [15 ^]> npopsa-
       nepea  nopmneBue
CYCLONES/CYCLONE COLLECTOR/CYCLONE
SAMPLER

   A structure without moving parts
in which the velocity  of an inlet
gas stream is transformed into a
confined vortex from which
centrifugal forces  tend to drive
the suspended particle to the wall
of the cyclone body.
UMKJIOHU/UHKJ10HKTCCKMH KOJU1EKTOP/
PPHEOP &M  B3flTHfl 1TPOE imiUIOHl-mE-
JCKOM /lEflTEJlbHOCTH

   ycTpoHcTBO (Seo ABii:-ymnxcfi
B KOTOPOM  CKOpooTb BXOAHmero raaoBQ
ro noTOita  npeo5pa3OBHBaeTCH B
HyTHH BHXpb,  OTKyfla UQHTpo6c>"]iaP
CHJia ronHT BOBeiJieHHbie ^acTHULi K
CT6HK6  TOJia UHKJIOHa .

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DESIGNATED FACILITY
                                            OEOSIIAVIEHIlblfl  OBbEKT
   Any  existing facility which emits
a designated pollutant and vrhich
would be  subject to a standard of
performance under section 111 of the
Clean Air Act for that pollutant if
the  existing facility were an
affected  facility.
   JLoGofl oS-heKT,  BuGpacbiaaiuiKHft B
       onpeae/ieHHOro Tuna sarpns-
HHT6Jlb H T3KHM  O6P33OM
HOPM3M npOHSBOflCTBGHHblX
CTHK B CHJiy  naparpacfra 111 3aKono-
nareJTbHoro axxa o WHCTOTC soaayxa
fljiH sToro cneunct>iiMecKoro aarpHsim-
T6J1H/ npK yCJIOBHH,  HTO flaHHblfl
oGteKT npHHajuiexcHT  K KaxeropHH
oGteKTOB
DESIGNATED  POLLUTANT

   Any air  pollutant,  emissions of
which are subject to a standard of
performance for  new stationary
sources but for  which air quality
standards have not been set or
which have  not been designated as
a hazardous pollutant pursuant to
section 112 of tho Act.
OE03HA4EHH1JH  3AFPfl3HHTEJ]b


   JllOGOfl  SarpHBHHTGJIb, BhlGpOCbl KO~
Toporo  nojuiexaT 3Kcn.nyaTaunoHHbiM
HOPM3M  HUH  HOBUX CTaUHOHapHblX HCTOH-
HHKOB,  HO flJIH KOTOpblX JIHOO H€ GblJIH
ycxaHOBJieHba HOPMU KaviecTBa  soanyxa
HJ1H BblGpOCU KOTOpOrO HS OtdJIH
(])HUHpoBaHbi  KaK onacHbie corjiacHO
naparpay 112 SaKOHonaTejibHoro
DIFFUSION

   The spreading  or scattering of a
material  (gas,  liquid,  or solid).
The term is  used  in meteorology to
indicate either eddy or molecular
diffusion.

   Eddy diffusion is the most import-
ant mixing process in the atmosphere.
It involves  scales of length con-
siderably larger  than those of the
molecular free  path.  The contribu-
tion of molecular diffusion is con-
sidered significant only under cer-
tain special conditions, such as
extreme stability.  Eddy or turbulent
diffusion is most efficient when the
length scale of the eddy is similar
to that of the  body of polluted air
being diluted.  It causes a parcel
of polluted  air to occupy larger and
larger volumes.

   Molecular diffusion is a process
of spontaneous  intermixing of dif-
ferent substances, attributable to
molecular motion  and tending to
produce uniformity of concentration.
    PacnpeaejieHHe HJIII pacceaHiie
        iH'So semecTsa L rasa,  y-nfl-
KOCTH  ruin TBepaoro TeJia  ] .  DTOT
TepMHH npimeHfleTca B ;xeTeopojiornn
jiH6o
Maciuiaiju
       Ba--'HUH npoueccou
B  arMoc^iepe. Ee
SHaiHTGJIbHO npeBOCXOiflT
               cBo6oA:-:oro npofiera
       i.  BKJiafl MOJieKyji.qpHofi
npno5peTaeT aHaienne TOJILKD  B  onpe-
fleJieHHHx  ycJioBMHX,  KSK nanp. npii
Kpaiineii  ycToiiMHBOCTv . BnxpeBafl HJIH
Typ<3yjieHTKas Rufyfyyziif: nanfiojiee 3
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DOSAGE
flO3A
   The total amount  of  a chemical
or pollutant ingested or absorbed
by an organism.   For an air
pollutant,'the dosage is a function
of the concentration and the time
of exposure.
   CyMMapnoe
HJIH 3arpn3HHTCJiH  norjiomemioro opra-
HH3MOM. B c-nvHae  oarpnoHHTOJiJi BOO-
Ayxa, Aosa HBJiHeTcn ipyHKmieii KOH-
ueHTpamiH n
BVin.
DOWNWASH

   The effect  of  mechanical
turbulence and disturbed flow in
the wake of  a  building or obstacle
which causes pollutants to be
transported  rapidly to ground level.
HHCXOflfllUHH nOTOK
           MexaHHMecKoti TypOyjieiiT-
HOCTH Ha noTOK  BooAyxa npn ucTpeMe
           co oflaHHew HJIH HHMM npe-
           B pesyjibTare Hero aarpn-
        OHcxpo  HanpasJiHeTCH K
          noaepxHOCTH.
DRIVING CYCLE

   A series of operating modes  for
an automotive vehicle representing
"typical" amounts of time and rates
of speed during idle, cruise,
acceleration, and deceleration.
KPyrOBOH nPOUECC flBMFATEJlfl

   PflA BHflOHSMeHeHHH  pes'tiiMa
SBTOflBHraTe^IH,  KOTOpHe
flJIH BpeMeHH H OKOPOCTH  H3 XOJIOCTOM
      na cpeflHHx CKOPOCTHX, npH sa-
         H ripn  ycKopeHHH.
EFFECTIVE STACK  HEIGHT

   The height above  the  ground at
which the effluent plume becomes
essentially level.
3J4»EKTHBHA5i BHCOTA  TPYEH

   BucoTa Haa  noacTHJia».meii noBepx-
HOCTbfc, KOTfla  BilOpOUieHHHK H3
AHM BHpaBHHBaeTca na
ypOBHe.
EMISSION INVENTORY

   A compilation of all  emissions of
a given pollutant for  a  specified
area.  The inventory is  broken down
into various source categories,
which may be further subdivided to
give a very accurate picture of the
sources of air pollution in the
area.
HHBEHTAPHBAUHfl BHEPOCOB
         Bcex BHSpocoB
               JISI cneunt|3HMecKoro
pafiona.  MHBSHTapb paa6nT KB
     KBTerOpHH' COOGpaSHO HCTOHHHKaM;
           Moryr i&Kf.e noApaoAejuiTbc
na KJiaccn,  MTO Aaer BO3Mo::'Hocib no-
JiyHHTb fleTa.nbHy.v KapTHHy acex HCTO^
HHKOB 3arpW3H6HIIH BOSflyxa B flaHHOM
pailoHe .
 EQUIVALENT METHOD

    Any method of sampling and
 analyzing  for an air pollutant
 which has  a consistent relationship
 to  the reference method prescribed
 by  EPA for measuring concentrations
 of  pollutants for which a national
 ambient air quality standard has
 been set.
                                            3KBHBAJ1EHTHHK METOfl
          M6TOA B3STHH IlpoS II
 sa  npiiMeHHTe^ibHO K
 BO3flyxa,  corJiac
 M6TOAOM,  yCTaHOBJieHHHM AreHTCTBOM
 no  BaiunTe oKpysaiumeH cpeau, O.JIR  no
     KOTOpwx cyiuocTBy.oT
     HOpMbI 'JHCTOTH OKpVJKaiOUie TO BO3
                                            flyxa.

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FABRIC COLLECTOR/FAERIC  FILTER
3AflCPJKHBAK)IHHB OHflbTP H3 TKAIIH
   A device designed  to  remove solid
dispersoids from a carrier gas by
passage of the gas through a porous
medium.

   Two basic types of filters are
presently employed.   In  one a
fibrous medium is used as the
collecting element, and  in the other
a medium is utilized  as  a support
for a layer of collected particles,
relying on the coat of collected
particles to serve as the principal
collecting medium.
                   yflaJieHiifi /mcnep-
COHAOB TsepAtix  npviueceii no Hecymero
raoa npn ero npoxoxfleiii-Hi Mepeo nopn-
cTyw cpeay.
   B Hacxofliuee  Bpeun  ynorpeSjinwrcsi
ABB OCHOBHUX THIia  CJJHJlbTpOB :  B OAHOM
npHMeHflKJT BOJioKHiicThifi MaTepnaJi B
KaiecTBe yjioBiiTCJifl; BO BiopoM yjiaB.au-
       c-nofi c-nyvHT Jimiib HOACTHJIKOH
    HJIGHKH HaKOnJIGHHblX HaCTHU, Ilptl-
H6M B 3TOM CJiyiae  CJIOH HaKOliJieHHHX
HaCTHU KBJIfleTCfl  OCHOBHHM yJIOBIITGJI6M.
FLOATING ROOF TANK

   A storage vessel  used for medium
volatility hydrocarbon liquids.
Since the roof  floats  on top of the
liquid, this eliminates the vapor
space above the liquid level that is
present in fixed roof  tanks.  This
reduces hydrocarbon  emissions to the
atmosphere that normally result from
the diurnal heating  and cooling of
the tank  (called breathing losses).
PESEPByAP  C  njIABAIOlHEK KPUUJEEJ

   Peoepsyap RJIR xpaHemiH >MI/IKHX
yrjiesoflopoflOB co cpeflnefi
CTb.-.. BanAy  TOTO ixo Kpmiia
Ha noBepxHocTH VHHKOCTH, B THKOM
ycipoiicTse HOT uecra P.JIR napos
ypoBHen >:MAKOCTH,  KBK 3TO OuBaer
B pesepsyapax co cTamionapHUMH I«PK-
uiaMH. Bjiaroaapfl arouy
KOJiHHecTBo BHflpocoB
B aTMOc4>epy,  ITO HBJiflerca
BH6M cyToiHoro narpeea H
pesepsyapa (  raK Has. noxepu
HH6M )
FLUE GAS SCRUBBER

   Equipment  for  removing fly ash and
other pollutants  from a gas stream
by means of sprays,  wet baffles,
Venturi scrubbing,  etc.  Also reduces
excessive  temperatures of effluent.
rASOOMHCTHTEJIb flJIfl JHMOBHX TA30B
              RJ1SI
     H Apyrux oarpfiBHHTejroS HB ra-
ooBoro noxoKa npn  HOMOIUH pacnHJiw-
TeJieM, opoiuaiomHX neperopoflOK, npo-
MHBOK B CHCTeue BeHTypH, HTA . Pa3O~
                                            BHCOKyio reMiiepaTypy BaCpocoB.
FLUORESCENT PARTICLE  TECHNIQUE

   Use of fluorescent particles as
tracers to study  diffusion in the
atmosphere.
METOflHKA  ynOTPEEJIEHMfl «&JiyQPECIll-IP£-
     HACTHU
                 cj)jiyopecmipyiomnx
       B  KavecxBe xpaccepos RJIR
                   B
FUGITIVE  EMISSION

   The emission of an air pollutant
which is  not emitted through a
stack.  Examples include particulate
matter from dirt roads,  construction,
and  farming activity.
                                                    BUEPOCOB
   HeopraHHOOBaHHiie BH6pocu
         Bosayxa BHG cncTeuu Tpyci .
KaK npHMep HO^HO uaasaTb BhiGpocu
lacTHU BemecTB c rpyiiTosux aopor,
CTpOHTeJIbHtlX n^IOmaflOK H CeJIbCKOXO
3JlBCTB8HHhIX O6"D6KTOB .

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HAZARDOUS  POLLUTANT
OFIACHllfl 3ArPfl3HHTEJTb
   A pollutant controlled under
section  112  of the Clean Air Act on
the basis  that it may cause, or
contribute to, an increase in
mortality  or an increase in serious
irreversible,  or incapacitating
reversible,  illness.
                             KOHTPO-
   B cHJiy naparpacjia 112 3aKOHOAOTC.ib-
Horo BKTa o ^ncTOTe Boa/iyxa Ha OCHO-
BHHHH TOTO, MTO  TaKOH aarpHOHHTCJIb
MOX6T CTBTb llptlHHHOH IMH ClIOCOCSCTBy-
WUIHM 4>aKT,opoM cMepiHOCXH HJIM yae^in~
H6HHH iHCJia THxtejmx HeoipaTHMhix aa-
(JojiesaHHH HJIH 3a6ojieBamiii, BGAyiiwx
K BpeweHHoii norepe  xpyflocnocodHOCTii.
HOT SOAK

   Gasoline evaporation  loss from
the carburetor  that occurs after
the engine has  stopped.
        nPOCA'JHBAHHTi:
   rioxepH OT  HcnapeHHH oeHOHHa HQ
KapOiopaTopa,  npoHcxoanmne nocjie BM-
IMPINGEMENT

   The act of bringing matter
forcibly in contact.  As  used in air
sampling, impingement refers  to a
process for the collection  of
particulate matter in which the
gas being sampled is directed
forcibly against a surface.
                                                 0 nOBEPXHOCTb
C nOBepXHOCTb.-u. FIpH BSflTIIH npoO  D03-
ayxa  3TOT  TepunH o6o3Ha4aex npouecc,
KOTOpOMy noABepraeTCH GOBOKynHocxb
naoTHU  nemecTBa, Kor«a rao, npocJu
KOTOporo OTfiiipa.-uTcn, HanpasjiaeTCH
TBK,  1TO(3H yflapHTbCfl O nOBepXHOCTb.
INDIRECT SOURCE

   A facility, building,  or  structure
which attracts or may  attract mobile
source activity that results in
emissions of a pollutant  for which
there is a national standard.
Examples include highways, airports,
parking facilities, shopping centers,
and sports stadiums.
KOCBEHHHfi HCTOHHHK

         ofi-beKT  TAJIK 3AaHne,  KOTopue
           K ceOe,  VUIK uoryT npHB-
     K ce<5e, noflBHXHHe HCTOMHHKH
           , B peoyjibTaxe nero BU-
            B aoBflyx sarpssHHxeJiH,
peryjinpyeMHe rocyaapCTBeHHiiMH Hop-
uaMH. Kaw npiiMep MO>'HO HaasaTb ra-
KH6 ofi'eKTM KBK  aBTOflOpOTJI,  aOpOflpO-
uu, Mecia CTOHHKH aBTOMauiHH, paHonH
          H
INTERMITTENT CONTROL SYSTEM/
SUPPLEMENTARY CONTROL  SYSTEMS

   A system of source  control which
limits the rate of pollutant  emis-
sions when periods of  meteorological
conditions conducive to  ground-level
concentrations in excess of the
national standards exist or are
anticipated.
CHCTEMA
                        KOHTPOJia/
CHCTEMH  .aonOJIHHTEJIbHOrO KOHTPOJIH
                     S3 IICXO4HIIKaMH,
     KOTOpoM  CHHXaeTCJl KO.iIlIieCTBO
BbiSpacuBueiiux oarpn3HnxeJieii . 3xo
npoticxoAiiT B xaKwe nepuoAu, Koraa
                   ycjioenji cnocoo-
                   npiioeuHoii KOH-
                       cBepx ycTa-
HOBJIGHHtlX rOCyflapCTBeHHblX HOpM  IIJIII
KOTA&  TQKoe  yuejiHMOHiie
INVERSION

   In meteorology, a departure  from
the usual changes with altitude of
the character of an atmospheric pro-
                                      10
HHBEPCHfl

   B Mexeopojiornn HHBepciiett naou-
saiOT OTKJioHOHHe  OT oOmiHux nepeMOH
xapaKxepa

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perty; also,  the layer through which
this departure  occurs (the inversion
layer),  or  the  lowest altitude at
which  the departure occurs (the base
of  inversion).   This term almost
always means  a  temperature inversion;
however, moisture inversion and pre-
cipitation  inversion are other types.
CBOHCTBa C BtlCOTOH;  TaifKC  H CB.U
GJioH ( HHBepciiOHHuii  CJIOH ), a rpaHii-
uax KOTOporo na^Jiio/iaeTcn Taxoe OTKJIO
ueHiie; HJIH, Haicoiieu,  HHXHHM npeAOJi
BHCOTH, HB KOTOpOli npOMCXOflHT OTKJIQ-
       ( fiaoa nHBeponw ) . STOT Tepi.uiH
       ynoTpeSjifleTCH B OHaMeiiHH
HunepcHH TCMnepaTypu.  BOOHO^HO, o/t-
HfiKO, rOBOpHTb 06 HHBepCHH
miBepciiH ocaflKos H Apyrnx  THnax
HHBOpCHH.
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING

   A technique for collecting
airborne particulate matter in which
the collector is  so designed that
the air stream entering  it has a
velocity equal to that of the air
passing around and outside the
collector.
HBOKHHETtmECKHH OTEOP HPOE
            OTflopa  npofi
        npHMeceK  c  sosAyxa;  KOJIJIOK-
Top sanpoeKTHpOBan  T&K,  ITO  BOSAyiu-
    cxpyn, nonaAaKiiuan B  KOJiJieKTOp,
      Ty K6 CKOpOOTb  1TO H I1OTOK
Bosayxa BOKpyr
LIGHT DUTY VEHICLE

   Any motor vehicle  either designed
primarily for transportation of
property and rated  at 6,000 pound
gross vehicle weight  or  less or
designed primarily  for transportation
of persons and having a  capacity of
12 persons or less.
                                            MAU1MHA MAJIOfl.
   Jltu6an
        nepeBOSKH  Toeapos H paccHH-
       Ha 6000 (jjyHTOB no^iHoro scca;
HJIH npeflHaoHaneHHaH AJIH nepesooKH
           HJIH ueHbiiie naccawnpoB.
MASS MEDIAN SIZE

   A measurement of particle size
for samples of particulate matter
that have  diameters such that the
mass of  all large particles is equal
to the mass of all small particles.
CPEJHMH  PA3MEP MACCH

   HauepeHne  paauepa lacnm TBCPAUX
npHwecefi AJIH  onpo6nposaHHs, AHaweTpu
KOTOPHX  TaKOBH,  MTo iiacca Bcex Kpyn-
HBIX nacTHU pasna Macce ecex
MODIFICATION

   Generally,  the  term is taken to
mean any  physical  change in a sta-
tionary source which increases the
amount of any  air  pollutant emitted
or which  results in the emission
of any pollutant not previously
emitted.
   KBK npaBHJio,  3THM TepMHHOM npii~
     oOosHaiaxb  JL-oSyso nepeneny B
              HCTOMHIIKC,  KOTOpafl nan
      K yBej[iiHeHii.-o KOJiHHecTBa BbiOpa-
CHBaeMoro  BarpsioHHTeJin HJIII Ha'nmaeT
BHdpacHBaTb B BoaAyx  AO OToro spo-
M6HH H6 BU6paCHBaeMHtl
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
STANDARD/NAAQS

   Limits on the level of  atmospheric
contamination necessary  to protect
against adverse effects  on public
health and welfare.  Primary
 rOCyjAPCTBEHHHE HOPMU KAHECTBA
                ypoBHSi
 3arpH3iicHn«,  HeoOxoAHMoe RJIR
 oOiuecTBeiiHoro ofloposbsj H SjiarooocTO-
 HHHJI OT BpeAHHX BJIHflHHii.
                                       11

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standards are  those  related to
health effects;  secondary standards
are related to protection against
adverse welfare  effects.
Hopuu oTiiocflTcn  K  Kaxoropnn
BJIHHHHH Ha 3flOpOBb6;  DTOpIIHHbie HOpMLI
Hi.ieioT OTHOUiCHiie  K  oaiUHTe ox
PARTICULATE MATTER/PARTICULATE/TOTAL
SUSPECTED PARTICULATES

   A dispersion of  solid or liquid
particles of microscopic size in
a gaseous medium.   Particulate
matter in the ambient air is most
often measured by the high-volume
sampling technique  and  expressed
in concentration units  of
microgram/m^.
4ACTHUBI BElUECTB/OEmEE nPEflnOJIAFAE-
HOE KOJIH^CCTBO  VIACTHU
              TBGpflLJX HJIH
       MHKpOCKOnHMeCKHX pa3M6POB
B raaoBOH  cpejie.  BemecxBO B $opMe
lacTHieK B oKpywaiomeM soanyxe lame
Bcero H3MepneTcn  MeroflaMH oxOopa
KpynHOOoteMHbix npoG H BupawaexcH
B eflHHHUaX KOHUeHXpaUHH
PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT

   Oxidizing substances  formed in an
atmospheric reaction involving
hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and
sunlight.  Photochemical oxidant is
predominantly ozone, but other
oxidizing substances may react in
the potassium iodide sampling
technique and be measured as oxidant.
                                                           OKHCJIHTEJb
               BemecTBa,  o6pa3y;oiunecfl
              aTi;occ|iepHKix peaiTOXIIMHHeCKHM OKHCJIHT6-
     oflHaKO  apyriie OKKCJIRJJUIKB eem,e-
cTBa, npH oxSope npo<5 c noMombio vioflH-
CTOTO K&Jiun,  uoryT BCTynaib B peaK-
UHII H IlSMepflTbCfl KEK OKIIC JIHT6 JIH .
POINT SOURCE

   A large source  of  pollutant
emission specifically identified in
an emission inventory,  as opposed to
area sources, which are dealt with
by summing the  emissions of numerous
smaller sources.   A point source is
often considered a source that emits
more than  100 tons per year of any
pollutant.
                                                      HCTOIHHK (BUBPOCOB)
   KpynHhiii  HCTOMHIIK BH(5pocoB
         cnemi$HMecKH oCoaHa^eHHbiii  B
          BWfipOCOB, B OTJtHHHO OT
patioHHHX HCTOMHHKOB; nocJieAHiie pac-
ueKHBaiuTCfl  nyxei; noflHTo1 HBanwH BH-
SpOCOB  MHOrO^HC^eHHBLX M6JIKHX IICTOM-
HHKOB.  TOH6MHHM HCTOMHHKOM 13CTO Ha-
onsaioT  TaKoii HCTOHHHK, KOTopnh BU-
dpacuBaex B BOBflyx iSoJiee 100 TOHH
J!Lo(5orO  3arpH3HHT6JIH B
PRIMARY STANDARD  (see  National
Ambient Air Quality  Standard)
           HOPMA  (CM. TocyaapcTBCH-
HHS HOp).;tj  KanecTBa OKpyaiOiuero Boa-
ayxa  ).
REFEREMCE METHOD

   The sampling method prescribed
in conjunction with the national
ambient air  quality standards.
                                            KOHTPOJIbHHB METOJ
          BOHTIIH npoO,
B CBM3U  c rocyAapcTBeHiihiMii
          OKpv*.a.-jiuero
                                       12

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RESIDUAL FUEL
OCTATOmiOE TOrUIMBO
    Liquid  or semi-liquid products
obtained as  residues from the
distillation of petroleum and used
as  fuel.
          IIJIH
           a cfcopMo  ooraTKa iia nepe-
TOHKH HecJjTH H  ynoipeO jifleMnii D
CTB6 TOHJIMBa.
RINGELMANN CHART

   A chart used in making subjective
estimates of  the  amount of solid
matter emitted by smoke stacks.
The observer  compares  the grayness
of the smoke  with a  series of shade
diagrams formed by horizontal and
vertical black lines on white
background.
IUKAJ1A PHHFEflbMAHHA

   UlxaJia ynoTpeCiJincrcn nnn cy6i»eK-
THBHblX OUGHOK  KaiGCTBS TBepflOR npH-
Mecii, BbiOpachmaeMofi .UUMOBUMH TpyGa-
MH. HaOjiioflareJib  cpasiiuBaeT cepocTb
flbiwa c pnflOM TeweBhix flHarpaMM, co-
CTOH1UHX H3  ViepHblX BOpTHKajlbHtJX H
rOpH3OHTaJlbHbIX JIHHMft Ha G0JIOM (])OHe.
SECONDARY  STANDARD  (see National
Ambient Air  Quality  Standard).
          HOPfJA  (  CM.  TocyflapcTBeH-
                                                Hopwti KaMecTea  OKpy-aiomero BO3
                                            Ayxa )
SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION

   A provision of  the  Clean Air Act
reguires that where  air quality is
cleaner than the national standards,
air quality should not be allowed
to deteriorate significantly from
the existing levels.
CyiHECTBEHHOE
o MHCTOTe  Booayxa,  Tpefiyiomee,
BO scex Tex  cjiynaflx,  Koraa
Bosflyxa Bbniie ycraHOBJieHHiix rocyaap
CTB6HH1IX HOpM,  3TO  KaiCCTBO
B6HHO »e yxyfliuajiocb H He nom-r
                   ypoBHevi.
SMOG

   A term coined, originally,  to
characterize any objectionable,
visible combination  of  smoke and
fog.  It was soon found,  however,
that air pollution does not always
produce visible smog, nor does fog
have to be present when smog is
formed.  Presently,  this term
generally refers to  photochemical
smog  (see Photochemical Oxidant).
CMOr

   TepuHH
    RJIO. o6o3HaMBHHH HedjiaronpmiTHOii
        KOMSHHaUHH flHMS H TyMBHa.
BcKOpe, oAHaKO,  CHJIO oonapyi'-eHO, MTO
sarpsBHeHHe  Boaayxa ne sosraa BJieneT
oa co6oii BiiflHMuii CMOT H, Kpone  TOTO,
ITO npH oOpaaoBaHHH cwora Tyuan MO-
Y6T OTCyTCTDODaTb. B HaCTOflUiee  BP6MH
3TOT TepUHH  npHMeHflGTCH KBK HpaBIMO
K cfoTOXHMHMecKony cMory  ( CM. *OTO-
XHMHM6CKHH OKHCJIHT3JIb ) .
                                        13

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    Part II



WATER POLLUTION
       14

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ACCLIMATION
                                           jriPHCnOCOMEllliE
   The physiological and behavioral
adjustments of  an organism to changes
in its immediate environment.
                                               Dpouecc tj)K3no^iornMecKoro n IIOBC-
                                            aeu'iecKoro npiicnococijiennfl opromirnia
                                            K ncpcMenaM B  yc-nosunx
                                            cpeflbi.
ACCLIMATIZATION

   The  acclimation or adaptation of
a particular species over several
generations  to a marked change in
tne environment.
                                           IAKKJKMATH3AUHH

                                               ripuciiocoG.ieHHe  KaKoro-Jiiiuo cne-
                                            UHlIlHHCCKOrO  Bilfla Oprami.TMB B TCHOlllie
                                            HCCKO.fll>K!IX 1IOKO.1JOHMM K HB11O BHplV-eil-
                                            HUM nopeMoiia:1.  B ycJioBiiax BHcuiiieii
ACRE-FOOT

   A term used  in measuring the
volume of water,  equal to the
quantity of water required to cover
1 acre 1 ft in  depth,  or 43,560 cu.ft.
                                            AKPOWT
                                             n3Mepenna
                                             ei  KOJiHiecTsy BOflbj, HyxcHoft  flJiR no-
                                             KPUTHH onuoro anpa SCMJIH  no YPOEHH
                                             B oflHH j>yr;  1 ai
-------
ed sewage  (mixed liquor)  by  sedimen-
tation, and wasted or returned  to the
process as needed.  The  treated sew-
age overflows the weir of the set-
tling tank in which separation  from
the sludge takes place.
'HJ1OBOH  JKHflKOCTH nyTBM OCaWHCHHHJ
HJI JIHOO BTOPH1HO HCUOJlbSyeTCH D
npouocce OVHCTKH JiwGo HflCT B oxBa-
/iid.  OOpalJOTaHHbie CTOIHUS DOHU nepe-
     iOTCH vepe3 BO«OCJIHB oxcTonnH-
     B KOTOPOM npOHCxoflHT ocaw«eiine
H/ia.
ACUTE  TOXICITY

   Any poisonous effect produced
within a  short period of time,
usually up  to  24-96 hours,  resulting
in severe biological harm and often
death.
 OCTPAfl TOKCHmiOCTb
                                 nne~
 •cmee MCCTO D TCHeime KpaiKoro  nepii-
 OAa  speueHH, oObiicHOBeHHo ne
 V6M   2/J.-96 HacOD, H npH4HHH.UH.ee
 Koe  GHOJioriiHecHoe nopa^eime , a MQCTO
 H  CMepTb.
ADAPTATION

   A change  in  structure or habit
of an organism  that produces better
adjustment to the  environment.
 AflAHTAUHfl

    IlepeweHa B crpyKType H xapaKtepe
 noBCAennn opramisMa, yjiyMum^mee  ero
 npncnoco6jinoMocTb K oitpywaiumevi  cpefle ,
ADULTEHANTS

   Chemicals  or  substances that by
law do not belong  in a food,  plant,
animal or pesticide formulation.
Adulterated products are subject to
seizure by the Food and Drug
Administration.
 nOCTOPOHHHE fTPHMECM

    XHMHKETH H BemecTBa, KOTOpue  no
 aaKOHy He ROJIVHU BxoflHTb B cocraB
 npOflOBOJtbCTBUfl, paCTHTSJIbHUX  HJIH
          npOflyKTOB, HJIII neCTHUHflOB.
         , coflepwamne I&KKB iipnMecn,
              KOH([)ncKauHH opranaMH
            no sonpocaM
 BHH H  JieKapCTB6HHHX CpeflCTB .
ADVANCED WASTE  TREATMENT

   Waste water  treatment beyond the
secondary or biological stage that
includes removal  of nutrients such
as phosphorus and nitrogen and a
high percentage of suspended solids.
Advanced waste  treatment, known as
tertiary treatment, is the "polishing
stage" of waste water treatment and
produces a high quality effluent.
    OCpadoTKa CTOHHUX BOB B
 HH6 K BTOpHHHOH HJIH 6 HOJIOT HH e CKO H
 cxaflHH o6pa6oTKH; noc.acanHS COCTOIIT
'us yaaJieHHH nHTareJibiiiix seuiecTB,  KBK
 nanp. $oc(|)opa H aooxa, H CHHseHHJi
 BHCOKoro npoueHTa HaxoAfluiHxcn  B  aofle
 BQBeiueHHUx seiuecTB. rjiyGoKan floo^HCT-
 KB, KOTOpyiO HaOblBBiOT T3KS6 H TpeTHH-
 Hoii OMHCTKOH, 3TO yj^'e noc.«eAHHH
 "MHCTOBafl" CTaflHH O(5pa5OTKH CTOMHUX
 BOA i  flagman soay BhicoKoro
AERATION

   Causing intimate  contact between
air and a liquid by  one  of  the fol-
lowing methods:   (a)  Spraying the
liquid in the air;  (b) bubbling air
through the liquid;  (c)  agitation of
the liquid to promote surface absorp-
tion of air.
 A3PAUHH
               sosnyxa B HOTOK JKIIJI-
 KOCTH H ee nacumeHHe BosnyxoM. flo-
 CTHraeTCH cJieflyumHMii cnocot5aMn:
 a/ pacnunHBaHHe KiiflKocTH B soanyxc;
 G/ nponycKdHHe sosflyxa wepes JKHH-
 KOCTfa;   B/ nepeMeiiiHBaHHe MHHKOCTH,
 ITO cnocoGcTayeT nooepxnocTHOMy
 aaxsary wHBKocTbio »iacTHu BO3«yxa.
                                       16

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 AERATOR
    A device that promotes aeration.
i A'jPATOP

    FlpHcnocoCijieHHe, cnocoocTByiomee
 AGITATOR

    Mechanical apparatus for mixing
 and/or aerating; a device  for  creat-
 ing turbulence.
 MEU1AJIKA

    MexammecKoe  ycTpoBcTBO pjin ne-
 peMeuiHsaHHH M/MJIH  aapauwn. ycTpofl-
 CTBO flJia C03flannji  ycJiOBHH TypOy-
 J16HTHOCTH.
 AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION

    The liquid and solid wastes  from
 all types of farming, including
 runoff from pesticides, fertilizers
 and feedlots; erosion and dust  from
 plowing, animal manure and  carcasses
 and crop residues and debris.   It
 has been estimated that agricultural
 pollution in the U.S. has amounted
 to more than 2 1/2 billion  tons per
 year.
 SAFPflSHEHHE.  C03JABAEMQE
 SflHCTBEllHOH flEflTEJlbHOCTblO
            H  TBSpAHe OTXOflhI pa3JIlP!HHX
 BHflOB CeJIbCKOXO3fliiCTBei!!IOII Aejl
 HOCTH, BK.I.cMafl  OTOpOChI ;I CTOKII
        I10CTHUHAH H VAOOpChllfl II OTXO-
    co CKOTOBOAHecKiix yroAiiii; npo-
       sposiiH  H  iiLuib
 BcnauiKoii,  HQBOO 11 TVUIH
 Mycop H noxmiBHue ooxaTKii.
 HO, HTO no seen C111A B HCJIOM
 xosnticiBO  BuSpacHBaeT oojieo flsyx o
 nOJIOBHHOM  MH.«JIHapflOB TOHII
 I01UHX OTXOflOB  B  POR .
AGRICULTURE

    The science or art of cultivating
the soil,  producing crops, and raising
livestock.
 CEJIbCKOE
    HayKa HJIH HCKyccTBO
       noHBu, npoH3BOflCTBa  ypowan
ALDRIM

    The assigned common name for an
insecticidal product.  See also
dieldrin and endrin.
 AJlbflPHH

    OOmee
 CM.  TaKwe
ALGAE

    Primitive plants, one or many-
celled,  usually aquatic and capable
of  elaborating their foodstuffs by
photosynthesis.
 BOflOPOCJIH

    HH3IUHG paCTeHMH, OflHO"  YlIM MHO"
 roKJieToiHhie, outJKHOBeHHc
 cnocoGHue K i])OTOCMHTe3y.
ALGAE CONTROL

   In reservoirs,  lakes, and streams,
the elimination or inhibition of
growth  of microscopic plants which
impart  objectionable odors or tastes
to the  water.
KOHTPOJlb BOflOPOCJlEfl

    B  pesepeyapax, osepax
3TO yHH^TOJKeHHe HJIH
paCTHTeJlbHOCTH, KOTOP3H npHflBST BO-
fle  HenpHHTHbin BKyc K aanax.
ALGICIDE
   Any substance which kills algae.
AJlbrHUHfl

   JlwSoe
BOHOpOCJIH .
                                        17

-------
ALKALI
    (1) Certain  soluble salts, princi-
pally of  sodium,  potassium, magnesium,
and calcium  that  occur in water or
soils.   (2)  In  chemistry, any sub-
stance having marked basic properties.
   I/ OnpenejieHHbie pacxBopHMtie  co-
JIH, Kaic  Hanp.  narpim, xajiHH, warnHH
H Ka/ibUHH,  BCTpeqaiomnecH B none HJIH
novsax.
   2/ B  XHMHH  - 3TO J1106O6 BCIU6CTBO,
             IUCJIOMHUMH csoftersaMH.
ALKALI  ACCUMULATION

   The  gradual concentration of
alkali  in  the top layers of a soil,
due  to  the evaporation of water-
containing alkali which has been
raised  to  the surface layers of the
soil by capillary action.
HAKOIU1EHHE
   FIocTensHHoe  omejia^HnaHHe BSPXHHX
cjioes noHDu BCJiejacTone HcnapenHH
luejiouiiux DOR, nojiHfiniuHxcH B
CJIOH noHBtj B pesyjibraxe
HblX CHJ1.
ALKALINITY

   A term used  to represent the con-
tent of carbonates,  bicarbonates,
hydroxides,  and occasionally borates,
silicates,  and  phosphates in water.
It is expressed in parts per million
of calcium  carbonate.
lUEJlounocTb

   TepMHH,  onncuBawmnfl CBOKCTBO
BOflu, ooycjiosjieHHoe coaep»aHneM
B ne& KapuonaTOB,  jHKapOoHaroB,
menoieft H,  npH  cjiyiae, Ooparoe,
CHJ1HK3TOD H $OC$aTOB.  BblpajKaeTC
B MH/IJIHOHHUX MacxJix KapGoHaxa
ALLUVIAL SOIL

   A  soil formed by the transporta-
tion  and disposition, by streams, of
material which is carried a consid-
erable  distance before being depos-
ited.   Such soil, because of its man-
ner of  deposition,  is usually fairly
well  graded as to size of particles,
and forms the major portion of the
soil  of river bottoms, flood plains,
deltas,  etc.
                                            AJUHOBHAJlbHblE
           oGpaaosaHHbie nyTeM nepe-
         vi  OTJicraeHHfi pasjiHMHtax MB-
           nepenocHMbix oexaMM »a
              paccxoHHHH. Tanne
        Ojiaroaapji cneumfuKe MX
OTJIOHeHKH,  OStJKHOBSHHO flOBOTIbHO
xopoiuo  paccopxHpoBaHbi coofipasHO
         oTnaraeMbix wacTHu. TaKHe
      COCT3BJIH50T 3H3»iHTeJlBHy!0
      pewHoro ana, noftM, nenbx,  HTJQ.
ALUMINUM
                                            AJIOMHHHH
AMBIENT MONITORING

   The measurement of conditions in
the water  or  in the atmosphere.
Generally,  monitoring stations
sample a specified number of para-
meters at  specified frequencies to
indicate changes in water or
atmospheric conditions.
HAEJBOflEHHH 3A  KftlECTBOH OKPYTKAIOIUEtt
CPEflbl

   CHCT€Ma OU6HKH H KOHTpOJIH BOA~
HblX H HTMOCOepHbLX yCJIOBHft. KaK
npaBHJIO, CTHHUHH HaOJliOAeHHH OT6H-
paioi npoObi onpeaeJieHHbix cneun
-------
ANADROMOUS
AHAflPOMHHii
   Type of fish  that  ascend rivers
from the sea to  spawn.
                K IlpOXOAHbIM phlOtl!.'
             no  Mopoii B PBKH )\.Jin
 ANAEROBIC

    Refers to life or processes that
 occur  in the absence of oxygen.
   OTIIOCIITCH  K  *n3necnocoUHOCTn
H/IH ononpoueccaM,  HMCIOUIHM MBCTO
B ycjiOBHflx oc3  aocryna csouoflHoro
Knc.nopo.ua.
 ANTIMONY
                                            CVPbMA
 AQUACULTURE PROJECT

   A  controlled discharge of
 pollutants to enhance growth or
 propagation of harvestable fresh-
 water,  estuarine,  or marine life
 plant or  animal species.
nPOEKT AKBAKyjIbTyPbl

   OpraiiH3OBaHHbift cupoc
TG.neB, cnocoCJCTByioiuHX pocxy M paa-
BeneHHio npecHosoaHbix, ycTbeewx H
MOPCKHX BHflOB  JKMBOTHblX H paCTGHHfl,
AQUIFER

   An underground bed or stratum
of earth,  gravel or porous stone
that contains  water.
                                             BOJOIIOCHHH CJIOK
                              njracT
 rpyHTa,  ppaBiis XAH nopwcTOH  nopoau.
 AREAWIDE FLAHMING

    Detailed planning conducted to
 control point and non-point sources
 in a  geographic area having substan-
 tial  water quality problems.  The
 results of these plans are to be
 implemented through permits and
 municipal facilities construction.
                                            IHIAHHPOBAHHE PASBKTHg TEPPHTOPHB
              nJiatmpOBaHHe c
KOHTpOJIH  TOMeMHUX H H6OpraHH3OBaH-
HUX HCTOIHHKOB B npeflejiax onpeme-
                       TeppnTopnn,
              HHSKHM KaviecTBOM BOHU.
              aHHpoBatiHH ocyiuecTBJin-
     nocpeflCTBOM Bbwa
-------
ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY

    The ability to absorb a given
volume of input matter, e.g. effluent,
'without undue degradation.
ACCHMHJlHPyiOLHAfl CnOCOKIIOCTb

   CnocoGnocTb BOflOTOio MJIH  BOJIO-
eMa K norJiomeHMio onpe«ejicnHoro KO-
jimiecTBa  nocTynaiauHx -ryaa BCUIGCTB,
Hanp. npH cupoce oopaooTaHHbix
HUX BOB,  Oea  nocjienyioiuero
AVAILABLE OXYGEN

    The  quantity of atmospheric oxy-
gen dissolved in the water of a
stream.   It is the quantity of dis-
solved  oxygen available for the  oxi-
dation  of organic matter.
flOCTynHblH  KHCJIOPOfl
                             KHCJIO-
    , pacTDOpeHHoro B BOR&  i
-------
                     B
BACKSIPHONAGE

   The flowing back  of  contaminated
or polluted water  from  a plumbing
fixture or cross connection,  into a
water supply line, due  to a lowering
of the pressure in such line.
OBPATHOE CHOOHMPOBAHME

   OGparnbin noTOK
BOflbi us DOflonpoDOflHOH  apMaTypbi
HJIH KPCCTODHH, nonaaaiQuiii ft a BOJAO-
B peayjibxaxe noHH«eHHH
B nocjioanefi.
 BACTERIA

    Microscopic organisms, generally
 free of pigment, which reproduce  by
 dividing.   They occur singly,  or  in
 groups, chains, or filaments,  and
 do not require light for their life
 processes.   They may Be grown  by
 special culturing out of their native
 habitat.
                                             EAKTEPHH
   MHKpocKonmiecKHe
          npocTUM jieJicHHeM. BCTpe-
 laiOXCSI B HHflHBHflyaJIbHOM BllflS, HJIH
 B  rpynnax,  HJIH B BHae ueneft H/IM
 HHxefi. lie HyawauTCH B COJIHOHHOM
 CB6T6 flJIH *M3HH. MOryT pa3BOflHX~
 CH B BHJIG cneunaJibHux KyjibTyp BHB
 CBoero ecTecTBeHHoro
 BACTERIAL ANALYSIS

    The examination of water  and  sew-
 age to determine the presence, num-
 ber,  and identification of bacteria;
 more commonly called bacterial ex-
 amination.
 EAKTEPHOJIOrHqECKHfl AHAJ1H3
                 BOAU H CTOKOB,
                      ^HCJia H rnna
           GaKrepMR; oonee »iacTo
           xepMHH
 BARIUM
                                             EAPHfl
 BASIN

     (1) A natural or artificially
 created space or structure, surface
 or  underground,  which is capable of
 holding water.   (2)  The surface area
 within a given watershed.   (3) A
 small area  in an irrigated field or
 plot, surrounded by low earth ridges,
 and designed  to  hold irrigation
 water.   (4) A shallow tank or de-
 pression through which liquids may
 be  passed or  in  which they are de-
 tained for  treatment or storage.
 (5) A large slip or dock partially
 surrounded  by quays.   Its water
 level is subject to fluctuations
 with the water level of the main
 body of water with which it connects.
 EACCEflH

    I/ ECTeCTBeHHUfl HJIH HCKyCCTB6H-
 Hua BOfloeM HJIH coopyKCHHe,  nosepx-
 HocTHoe HJIH noflaeMHoe, B npenejiax
 KOTOporo MoxceT HaxanJiHBaTbcn  Boaa.
    2/ MacTb nosepxHOCTH B npenenax
 KaKoro-jinOo BonocOopa.
    3/ HeSojibuiofi yiacTOK opomaeMofl
 HJiomaflH, orpaxfleHHhifi HHSKHNUI  se-
 MJTHHUMH naMQaMH, npeflnasHavieHHbifl
 flJIH XpaHEHHH OpOCHTSJIbHOH BOflbl.
    4/ MejiKun BOfloeM HJIH yrjiygjie-
 HJie,  cJiy«aniHe JIHOO JIJIH nporoxa
 JiHGo fljijj c5epeweHHH WHflKocTn, npefl-
 HaaHaweHHOfi MJIH JOJIH xpaHBHHa  HJIH
 HJIH najibHeftuieft o6pa6oTi
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BASIN FLANKING

   That planning conducted to set
the basis for control  of point
sources, and often non-point sources,
within a basin.
J1J1AHHPODA1IHE B HPEflEJlAX  PEHHOrO
EACCKflHA
                c uejitro ycTanoejie
HHH KOHTPOJIH H3fl TO^eWHUMH,  a
H nan Heoprann3OBaHHtiMH ncTO'imu
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BIOASSAY
EHOJlOmiECKHE OPOEbl
   The employment of living  organ-
isms to,determine the biological
effect of some substance,  factor or
condition.
CTBHH Kai(HX-JIH{JO
HJIH yCJIOBHfl.
              JKHDMX opranusMOB
                         ro aoaj
                         ,  aKTOpOB
 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)

   A measure of the amount of oxygen
 consumed in the biological processes
 that break down organic matter in
 water.   Large amounts of organic
 waste  use up large amounts of
 dissolved oxygen,  thus the greater
 the  degree of pollution, the greater
 the  BOD.
 EHOXHMHMECKOE OQTPEBJIEllHE  KHCJIOPOJIA

   Mepa  KO-rcn'iecTBa KMC-rcopo/ia  iiorpc-
 jjineMoro a peoyjibTare (3nojionmecKO-
 ro npoucoca,  pa3.«ara»-iuero  opraiiHnec-
 i«oe BemecTBO  B  Bone. Kpyntrae  KOJIH-
       opramiMecKiix OTXOAOB v.  CTOKOB
       jisiMT KpyiiHtie KOJinMocTBa  pacTDo-
 peKiioro  icucJiopo/ia; CJie^ODaTOJibiio,
    OoJibiue creneHb 3ar{>jioHeniin,  TOM
 BIODEGRADABLE

    Capable of decomposing quickly
 as  a  result of the action of micro-
 organisms.
                                            CnOCOEHblfl  K  EHOJlOrHIECKOMV PACHAfly
              K UhlCTpOMy

    BO3fleflCTEHeM MHKPOOpraHH3MOB.
 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

    The process by which bacterial
 and other microorganisms feed on
 complex organic materials and
 decompose them.  Self-purification
 of waterways and activated sludge
 and trickling filter waste water
 treatment processes depend on this
 principle.  The process is also
 called biochemical oxidation.
 BHOJOrHHECKOE OKHCJ1EHHS

    Ilpouecc, npa nowomii  Koioporo
          M flpyme MHKpoopraHH3Mhi
            H paa^rara^T  MX.
 CTKa BOflHHX nyieti H aKTHBHoro
 TBK Ke KBK H MeTOflHKa npHMeHSHHH
 HenpepHBHHX {(jHJIbTpOB flJIH  O^HCTKH
 CTOHHHX BOS, aaBHCHT OT npoqecca
 GnojiornieoKoro OKMCJIBHHH. Hworfla
 STOT npoueoc HaaHBaiuT 6HOxiiMH>iecKHM
 BIOTA

    All the species of plants  and
 animals occurring within a certain
 area.
 EHOTA

    COBOKyilHOCTb BC6X  BIlflOB paCTeHHH
 H  y iiBOTHux,
 o5jiacTb.
  BLOOM

     A proliferation of living algae
  and/or other aquatic plants on  the
  surface of lakes or ponds.  Blooms
  are frequently stimulated by phos-
  phate enrichment.
                                             1IBETEHHE
                        Bo,qopoc.>ieii
 n/i:jiii  apyrwx soflHux pacTomiii  na
 nosepxHocTu oaep H npyaoa
 Macro
 —X

     The amount of dissolved oxygen
 consumed in x days by biological
 processes breaking down organic
 .matter in an effluent.  See
 .biochemical oxygen demand.
 EHOX11HHHECKOE  nOTPEEJIEHHE KHCJIO-
 POflA B TEtJEHHE x-flHEH


     KojiniecTBO pacxBopenHoro  KHC.HOPO-
 fla,  HSpacxoflosaHHoe B Teienwe  "x"
                      npoucccaMii,  pao-
            opraHHMecKMe BemecTBa  B
 CTO^HOM BOAS.  CM. EHOXMMHMeCKOe
                                         23

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BRACKISH WATER

   A mixture  of fresh and salt water.
COJIOHOBATAfl BOflA

   Cuecb  npociioii H coJieiiOH
BRANCH  SEWER

   A  sewer which receives  sewage
from  a  relatively small  area,  and
discharges into a main sewer.
KOJIJIEKTOP HECTHOFO 3HA1EIIHH

   KoJIJieKTOp CTOHHblX BOfl,  COf>HpaiO-
ti\VlR CTOKH CO CpaBHHTG/IbHO  HeUOJlb-
uioR njiomaflH, OTKyna STH  BOAU Ha-
            B rJiaBHfcjR KOJIJICKTOP.
 BROAD IRRIGATION

    The irrigation of crops with sew-
 age.   It differs from sewage farming
 in that sewage disposal is the pri-
 mary object of broad irrigation, with
'the raising of crops being incidental,
 while the reverse is true of sewage
 farming.
                                              WHPOKOE OPOUIEHHE
                 CTOWIIUX BOA ana
OPOWGHHH CeJlbCKOXOSnflCTBOHHL-JX
          TJiH^acTcn  OT oCbiiHoro
          XO3$eKaJlbHbIMH CTO<-IHblMH
        T6M, 1TO B npaKTHKC U1HPO-
KOTO opouieuHn OCHODHOA ueJit:o HB-
jineTCH yflajiemie CTOMHUX BO«, B TO
BP6MH K3K npH OpOUJCHHH XO34>ei(aJ1b-
HblMH CTO'iHblMH BOflaMM  BOnpOC nOJlb3b!
     ypoxas CTOHT Ha nepeoM
                                         24

-------
CADMIUM
KAflMHfl
CATCH BASIN

   A chamber or well, usually built
at the curb line of a street, for
the  admission of surface water to
a sewer,  or sub drain, having at its
base a sediment sump designed to
retain grit and detritus below the
point of  overflow.
,BOflOCEOPHblfl KOJIJ1CKTOP
    KaMepa HJIH KOJTOBCU, coopyatenHtae
 Ha Kpae MOCTOBO& JCUIH coopa  noeepx-
 HOCTHblX BOfl B CTOiJHyK) Tpyuy HJIH
 flPGHaJK,  OCHOBQHHGM KOTOpblX  CJiyjKHT
 rpH3eOTCTOHHHK flJIH 3a£Op>KHBaHHH
 KaMeHHOft M6JIOMH H meOHHCTblX H3HO-
 COB HHwe TOVKH nepejiHBa.
CATCHMENT

   See drainage area,  drainage basin,
river basin, catchment area,  watershed,
HJlOlUAflb BOflOCEOPfl

    CM.  GaccefiH BoaoTOica; peiHofi
GacceftH;  BOflOcOopHan
BOAOCoOp
CATCHMENT AREA

    (1) The area  tributary to a lake,
stream, or drain.   (2)  The intake
area of an aquifer,  and all areas
that contribute  surface waters to
the intake area.   (3)  In tropical
island zones,  a  hard-surface area,
upon which rain  is collected and
then conducted to a  reservoir.
(4) See drainage area,  intake area,
watershed.  Also called catchment
basin.
BOflOCBOPHAfl  nJlOlQAflb

   I/   laCTb 36MHOfl nOBepXHOCTH,
OTKy«a  npoHcxoflHT CTOK son B oae-
po, peKy  HJIH BOflocToinyio CHCTeny.
   2/   TeppHTOpnn Bonoaaoopa BOJJO-
HOCHoro ropHaoHTa,  Bicjiio^an njiomaflb
nosepxHOCTHbix BO«,  c KOTOpoft nocTy-
naioT BOflfai B  flanHfaifl  BOflosaCop.
   3/   HpHMeHHTeJIbHO K patlOH3M TPO~
nnviecKHX  OCTPOBOB ,  3TO njiomaflb c
TBepflbIM nOKpUTH6M,  H3 KOTOpOft HBKa-
           floxmn AJIH HX nocjieflyomero
        B  pesepsyap.
   4/   CM. nnomanb  norjioiueHHH;
 cSop;   oacceBH eoflOTOKa.
BoflocoopH/w  njioma^b HHorfla
B3rOT BOAOCUOpHblM OaCCGftHOM.
CATEGORY/SUBCATEGORY

   Hierarchical groups  according to
the scope of the subject.   For ex-
ample, inorganic chemical  manufac-
turers could constitute a  category,
under which manufacturers  of a specif-
ic inorganic chemical would be class-
ified as a subcategory.
 KATErOPHa/nOflKATErOPHH

    HepapxmiecKH oprann3OsaHHaH  rpy-
 nna corjiacno "MaciuTacjy noKptaBaeworo
 npeflwexa.  HanpHwep npoHSBOflHTeJiH
 HeopranHiecKHx XMNHKBTOB woryr  co-
 CT3BJ1HTb KBTerOpHn, B TO BpeMH
 Kax npoitSBOfliiTeJiH OBHOro cneun$n-
         neopraHHnecKoro
CESSPOOL

   An underground  pit into which raw
household  sewage or  other untreated
liquid waste  is discharged and from
which the  liquid seeps into the
surrounding soil or  is otherwise
removed.   Sometimes  called leaching
cesspool.
        KOJIOflEU
              HMB  HJIH cOpoca HeoGpa-
CTOKa HJIH japyrwx  neoGpai3oTaHHbix
XH1J4KHX OTXOflOB. JKHflKOCTb HJIH npOCa~
iHsaeTCH 113 HMbi B OKpyjKaionyio no»ioy
HJIH BblHHMaCTCH H3 HMU.  HHOrfla CT01-
Hufl KOJioneu HasbiBawT
                                        25

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 CHANNELIZATION
                                                         PVCJIA
    The  straightening and deepening of
 streams to  permit water to  move
 fasteri  to  reduce flooding  or to
 drain marshy acreage for farming.
 Howeveri  channelization reduces the
 organic waste assimilation  capacity
 of the  stream and may disturb fish
 breeding and destroy the stream's
 natural beauty.
                                                              HJIYI yr^iyOJioimc
                                              POKH, CIlOCOkJCTByiv-IUOC (IOJIOB  (>LlCTpOMy
                                              TeneHM.o BOAU,  a Taio-e npCAOTBpnman.-
                                              moo onacnocTb  oaso/memiM;  IMII ocy-
                                              mniumee aadojioteHiibiii VMUCTOK UJH\
                                              ceJibCKOXoaniicTBemioro iiOJibnoDnniin.
                                              OflHBKO, ucJiHopamin pyc.ia  noun 'nor
                                              cnoco6nocTb  peKii i< accnMn-'isiuiKi oprn
                                              HHHOCKHX OTXOflOB H MO-OT  HapyiHHTb
                                              pey'HM paaMHOvenHH puf> 11 HcnopriiTb
                                              ecTecTBeimyk) xpacory PCMHOTO
 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND  (COD)

    A measure of the amount of oxygen
 required to oxidize organic and
 oxidizable inorganic  compounds in
 water.   The COD test, like the BOD
 test,  is used to determine the
 degree  of pollution in  an effluent.
                                              XHMH'iECKOE  nOTPEEJICHHE KHCJ1OPO.UA

                                                 Mepa KOJiHHecxBa KiicjiopOAa,  HCO-
                                              OxoaHMoro flJiH OKHCJicimn opraiiH^u-
                                              CKHX H CnOCOOHhIX OKHCJIIITLCn  HCOp-
                                              raHHHCCKHX  COe«HHGMHH D BOflG.  1\\->O-
                                              Ohi Ha HcnuraHHC XHMH'iecKoro  H  OHO-
                                              jiortmecKoro noTpcG/icmiH i
-------
CLARIFIER
                                            EAK flJIH OCBETJ1EHWI CTOKOB
   In waste  water treatment, a settling
tank which mechanically removes
settleable solids from wastes.
   B  npaKTHKe oGpaGoTKH CTOWHUX
BOA,  3TO OTCTOftHHK flJIH
ro yjqaJieiiHH oceflaioiunx npuMcceA.
CLASS

   A group  of  dischargers having a
common relationship.   Example:
All dischargers  with  a flow greater
than 50,000 gallons per day.
KJ1ACC

   Ppynna Bo.aono.nb3OBaTe.nefi, cOpa-
cuBaromHx cToiHbie  BOAU,  orjiHHaioma-
HCH oGujHMH xapaKxepHCTHKaMH. Hanp.
see BononoJibsOBaTejiH co CTOKOM,
npeBbmiaiouiHM  50,000  raJiJiOHOB B
cyrKH.
CLEAN RIVER

   A river that  gives no sensible
evidence of  sewage pollution and from
which wholesome  drinking water can
be obtained  by practicable methods of
water purification.
        PEKA
   Pexa be3  HBHUX npHSnaKOB aarpn-
3H6HHH CTOMHtlMH  BOflaMH ; H3 T3KOH
peKH MOKHO nojiywarb saoponyi.)
Tyro sofly  nyTeM oouMHOft MSTOAHKH
BOflOO
-------
COAGULATION DAS IN
   A basin  employed for the coagula-
tion of  suspended or colloidal matter
•with or  without  addition of a coagu-
lant, in which the liquor is mixed
gently to induce coagulation, Eloc-
culation, and agglomeration, in pre-
paration for subsequent sedimentation.
   Eacceftn,  ynoTpeSjuicMufl HJIH  Koa-
             U3BemenHu.x HJIH KCJUIO-
      aemecTB,  c aooajjKon HJIH  Oes
         KoaryjiHHTa. JfuflKOCTb OCTO-
POJRHO ncpeMeuiHBaeTcn c uejib
xoaryjinnmo,  obpaaooaHHc xjionbcu  H
arrjioMepauiiio c  nocjienyiumiiM oca)K-
COASTAL ZONE

   That' land area proximate to the
ocean and having a close environ-
mental relationship with the ocean.
This area is the subject of a
special planning effort.
                                            EEPErOBAH 3OHA
   nojioca cytiJH  Bflo/ib otceaua,  naxo-
        B TecHOfl CBHSH c
C TOMKH 3PEHHR  BO3flOfiCTQIIfi
     cpenu.  jxa nojioca HDJinex coOoio
        ocoGoro nJiannpoBanmi.
 COEFFICIEMT  OF AREA

    The ratio of the filter surface
 receiving sewage in a trickling  fil-
 ter to the total filter surface  area.
                                             KOdQiDMUHEHT  IlJlOlUAflH
                       noaepxHOCTM
 KanejibHoro cJiHJibTpa, npHi!HMa"Jiuero
 CTO^Kble BOAbl, K oGlUefl nODOpXHOCTH
 (KJlbTpa.
COLIFORM INDEX

   An index of the purity of water
based on a count of its coliform
bacteria.
KOJlH-HHflEKC
       ocHoaaHHuS Ha yneTe
CTH  nonyjiHUHH oaKTepHH Tuna  KOJIH.
COLIFORM ORGANISM

   Any of a number of organisms
common to the intestinal tract of
man  and animals whose presence in
waste  water is an indicator of
pollution and of potentially dangerous
bacterial contamination.
OPrfiHM3Mbl
                KOJIH
   Jto6oB  us  MHoroiHCJiemiux opra-
HH3MOD Tuna  KHiiieHHux na/io^ex, napa
3HTHpymuiHx B KHuie^HOM KaHaJie iejio-
B6K3 MJ1H  JKHBOTHblX.  Ha/lHIHB OaKTepH
THna KOJIK B  CTO^HblX BOA3X - 3TO
npn3naK HeaoopOKaMecTDeHHOCTH, CBH
HeTeJibCTByiJiUMfl o BOSMOKHOCTH onac-
HOTO OaKTepnaJibHoro
BOflbJ.
 COLLOIDS

    (1) Finely divided solids  which
 will not settle but may be  removed
 by coagulation or biochemical action.
 (2)  In soil physics, a discrete min-
 eral particle less than 0.002 micron
 in diameter.
                                             KOJlJIOHJliJ
   I/ Becbwa  MCJiKHe
    Ten;  Dun  ne ocanaiOT, HO
     ynancHti  nyTew noaryjifmnn  HJIH
   2/ B $H3HK6 nO^Bbl - DTO OTflGJIb-
    MnnepaJibHue HacTHUtj,
MGHbllie HCM 0,002 MHKPOH3.
 COLOR
USET. OKPACKA
                                        23

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  COMBINED SEWERS
                                                          CHCTRMA
    A sewerage system that carries
 both sanitary sewage and storm
 water runoff.  During dry weather,
 combined sewers carry all waste
 water to the treatment plant.
 During a storm, only part of the flow
 is  intercepted because of plant
;overloading; the remainder goes
 untreated to the receiving stream.
   06mnn
OTBOfla  Kait  CaHlITapllO-OUTOBhIX TQK
II JIHBH6DHX  CTOKOD.  R neplIOAU
cyxofi noroAU ciiJiaoiioii Kaiiaji oomero
HaSHQ^CHHfl  OTBOflllT DC6 CTO1HUC BOflLI
B BOAOOMHCTrfTCJIbllWe yCTaHOBKH. BO
BpeMH 6ypb  TaKoii icaiiaji He B COCTO-
HHHH cnpaBHTbcfl co BceH Maccoii no-
cTynaiCiiiofi BOAU, BOAOOHHCTiiTo.ibiiue
ycTaiiOBKH neperpy^ awTcn H Macxb DO-
flH iianpaBJiJieTcs B BOAOTOKH HCOMII-
lUOHHOii.
COMMINUTION

   The process  of  screening sewage
and cutting the screenings into
particles sufficiently fine to pass
through the screen openings.
H3MEJIb1EHHE

   npouecc npoceHoaHHH OTXOAOB H
pasflpoGjieHHH ocanKOB Ha MBJIKHG
HaCTHUbl, T3K HTOGbl OHH MOTJIH
TH ^ep63 OTBepCTHH
COMMON  SElffiR

   A sewer  in which all owners of
abutting properties have equal
rights.
OBIUHfl  KOJ1J1EKTOP

   KOJIJleKTOp CTOIHblX BOfl, H3 KOTO-
    HMeuT  oflHHaKOBoe npaso see
COOCTBGHHHKH npHJieraiomnx
CONCENTRATION

   The amount of solid matter
contained  in  a fluid,  usually
expressed  in  weight of solid per
unit volume of fluid.
KOHUEHTPAUHfl
               TBepfloro seujecTBa B
           OOblKHOBSHHO BbIpa>Xa6TCn
 B  secoBbix eflHHHuax TsepAoro  semecTBa
 ua enHHHuy oBteMa KHAKOCTH.
CONFINED AQUIFER

   An aquifer which is surrounded by
formations  of less permeable or
impermeable material.
                                                          BOflOHOCHbin FOPH30HT
                   CJIOH,
HHft JIM 6O  M6Hee BOflOnpOHHUaeMblMH
J1HCO COBCCM
CONTACT AERATOR

   A biological unit comprised of
stone, cement-asbestos, or other sur-
faces supported in an aeration tank,
with diffusion  of  air up and around
the surfaces  and flow of settled sev-
age through the tank.
 KOHTAKTHblfl AUPATOP
                  arperar,  cocron-
     H3 KaMGHHOft, acOeCTOUCMeHTHOfl
 HJIH npyrofl nosepxHOCTH,
 B aspauHOHHfaifl (5ai<; Bosnyx
 OTpyeT BBepx no nosepxHOCTHM H
 BOKpyr HHX; OTCTOHBUIHGCH
      npoTexaiOT vepea Oan.
CONTACT  PESTICIDE

   A chemical  that kills pests on
contact  with the body,  rather than
by ingestion  (stomach poison).
KOHTAKTHblE  nECTHUHflbl

   XliMHKaTbl flJIH OOpbObI C BpeflHblMII
              yHHWTOwawmHe ^TH op-
        nyieM BHeumero conpiiKocHo-
B6HHH, a  ne B peayjibTQTe npiieMa
                                        29

-------
CONTAMINATION
                                            3ArPfl3HEHHE
   A general  term signifying the
introduction  into water of micro-
organisms, chemicals,  wastes, or
sewage, which renders  the water
unfit for its intended use.
         TCPMHH,
BBeneime B sony MUKpooprauiiSMOB,
XHMHKaTOB, OTXOflOB,  CTO4IIWX BOO,,
   , ITO AeJiaex BO/iy HenpttroHHOfi
    KaKoro-jinGo cneumpmtccKoro
CONTROLLED STORAGE

   Reservoir storage  subject to con-
trol by operation of  gates  or other
control devices.
PjSryjIHPyEMOE BOflQXPAHHJlHlllE
                  c BOSMOWHOCTBIO
               BOHHOTO oStewa npw
nowoiuH  EOPOT HJIH flpymx npHcnocoGjie-
HHft.
COPPER
MEflb
COST-BENEFIT TEST

   Weighing  of the advantages to be
gained  from  a remedial action against
its predictable cost in capital out-
lay, economic restraints,  social im-
pact, etc.
HCIlblTAHHE  COOTHOtUEHMfl CTOHMOCTb-
nPHBUJlb
                noJibSM,  KOTopyio MOK-
HO KSBflBVb  H3  lOKOrO-JlHGO BOCCTaHO-
BHrejTbHoro  HJIH peMOHTHoro npoeKTa,
B cpaBHeHUH c  oiKHflaeMbiMH KanHTanb-
HtJMM saTpaTawH,  SKOHOMH'-iecKHMM orpa-
HHMGHHHMH,  COUHajIbHUMH  aO3B6flCTBH-
HMH, HTfl.
CREST  STAGE

   The highest elevation, or Stage,
reached during a rise by flood
waters flowing in a channel.
.HUKJABOflKA

   Han(3oJibiiJee
BO«U ripn
HHH na&OAoiHbtx
BOAOTOKy.
                  npn  npoxoxwe-
                    no
CRITICAL CONCENTRATION

    The  limiting concentration of an
impurity in an irrigation water
above which it adversely affects
crop growth,  impairs the quality of
the crop products, or damages the
soil on which crops are grown.
KPHTHHECKAH  KOHUEHTPAUHfl

                            i
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CURRENT

    (1) The flowing of water, or
other fluid.   (2) That portion of  a
stream of water which is moving
with a velocity much greater than
the average or in which the progress
of the water is principally
concentrated.
TE1EHHE

   I/ nepeMemeHHe  BOAHUX Mace HJIH
HHOfl KHflKOCTH.
   2/ Ta tiacTb BOflOTOKa,  KoxopaH
ABHiKeTCH co CKOPOCTWO npcBbnuaioinefl
cpeflHioio cKopocxb Bcero BOflOTOKa;
HM6HHO B 3TOR 13CTH  COCpGflOTOieH
nporpecc nepeMemeHHn Doanoft Maccu.
CYANIDE
 UHAHHfl
CYCLIC STORAGE

   Water stored in a reservoir during
periods of more than average supply,
and"the releasing of it for use dur-
ing periods of insufficient supply.
See flow augmentation.
PE3EPBVAP C UHKJIODblH  SATOJIHEHHEM
                  B  pesepeyapc B
   XpaHCHHe
nepnoflbi
HOrO BOAOCHaOjKQHHH H  FlOnyCK
B nepiioflu HeflocTaxocHoro
W8HHH.
                             BOflbl
                                       31

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DDT
   Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane;
insecticide and miticide.
               H aicapnunfl.
 DEGASIFICATION

    The removal of oxygen from water
 to  lessen its corroding power; it may
 be  accomplished by mechanical methods,
 chemical methods, or a combination of
 both.
flEFASHPOBAHHE
            KHCJiopona HS BOAU c
      nomiKeHHH  ee KOPPOSHOHHOB
CnOCOOHOCTH.  OcymeCTBJlHOTCH M6-
XaHHMeCKHMM HJ1H  XHMHHeCKHMM M6TO-
      HJIH  KOMGHHaUHSfl 3THX MBTOflOB ,
 DEGRADABILITY

    The ability of a substance to be
 chemically broken down by receiving
 waters.
                                            PASJlAFAEMOCTb
                aemecTsa
C.KOMV pasJioxceiiHiu no«
npHBMHblX DOR.
DECREASING

   The process of removing greases
and oils from sewage,  waste,  sludge,
or garbage.
                                            OBE3KHPHBAHHE
   npouecc  yaane»KK CMasKH,
H HC4>TH H3  CTO^JHLJX BOA,  OTXOflOB,
HJia MJ1H OTGpOCOB.
DEMETON

   A trade name for  commercial
systemic insecticide for  plants.
It is absorbed by  the plant,
which then becomes toxic  to
sucking and chewing  insects.
flEMETOH

   Mapxa CHCTeMHoro
fljia aaiuHTu pacxenHB.  PacxeHHe Bcacu-
saex B ceon npenapax  H cxaHOBHTCH
TOKCHVIHblM flJIH COCylUHX H KylOlUHX Ha~
CeKOMblX.
DEMINERALIZATION

   The  removal  from water of those
dissolved mineral constituents which
cause it to  be  unsatisfactory for
domestic or  industrial uses.
flEMHHEPAJ!H3AUHa
            us  BOH scex Tex pacTso-
peHHtJx MHHepajitHbix npHMecefl,  npH-
cyTCTBHe Koropbix  B Bone flejiaex BOjqy
HenpHroAHoR n.nst OuTOBoro HJIH npo-
MbmineHHoro
DEPLETION

    (1) The continued withdrawal of
water from a  surface or ground-water
stream, reservoir,  or basin at a
rate greater  than  the rate of
replenishment.   (2)  In appraisal
work the quantitative exhaustion of
natural resources,  usually in
connection with  commercial
exploitation  and usually recorded
in monetary terms.
HCTOLHEHHE 3AnACOB
   I/ nOCTOHHHbin  3aGOp BOflbJ H3
nOBepXHOCTHUX HJIH rpyHTOBUX BO-
BOTOKOB IIJ1H BOflOBMOB CO CKOpOCTblO,
npeBwuianmefi CKOpocxb
BoziHbix aanacoB .
   2/ Hpn oOmnx oueHKax,
CTBGHHoe iiCTomenii
pecypcoB, oubiMHO  oOycnoBJieHHoe
              3KcnjiyaTauneB H
            B fleHe»HUx
                                         32

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DEPRESSED SEWER

   A section of  sewer  constructed
lower than adjacent  sections,  to
pass beneath a valley,  watercourse,
or other obstruction.   It runs full
or at greater than atmospheric pres-
sure.
                                                         KOJIJIEKTOP
                                                V'laCTOK KOJIJlCKTOpa,  nOHHJKCHHblH
                                             nO CpaDHGHHIO CO  CMeKHblMH C HHM
                                             yiacTKaMH, ann npoxofla noa nojiHiion,
                                             BOflOTOKOM HJ1H flPyTHM npenjITCTBH6M.
                                             Ha BTOM ywacxice  ico/uieKTOp Hano-rmen
                                             BO&OH H paGoxaeT npu flaBJicumi Btaue
                                             aTMocepnoro.
 DIELDRIN

    The assigned common name for an
 insecticidal product.  Obtained by
 oxidation of aldrin with peracids.
 See also eridrin, a stereoisomer of
 dieldrin.
                                                               HHceKTHUH.ua,
   OCiuee
nojiyvaeMoro
              CM.  DHflpHH,  HBJ1HIO-
      CTepeoHaowepoM  flnejibflpnHa.
 DIFFUSION AERATOR

    An aerator which blows air under
 a low pressure through submerged
 porous plates or perforated pipes  so
 that smal] air bubbles rise through
 the water or sewage continually.
                                            nM«Dil>y3HOHHblfl A3PATOP

                                               A3paTop, KOTOpufl  BflysaeT
                                                HH3KOM flaBJieHHH  Mepes norpy-
                                                   B XCHUKOCTb nOpHCTMe nJiaCTH
                                            KH HJTH flupyarue Tpybu,  TBK ITO HS
                                            BOfltJ H^H CTOMHOft BOflfa]  nOCTOHHHO
                                                    HapyjKy nysfaiptKH
DIGESTER COILS

   A  system of pipes for hot water or
steam installed in a sludge-digestion
tank  for the purpose of heating the
sludge.
                                            KATVU1KM HETAHTEHKA

                                               CHcxeMa TpyGoK nnst
                                            BOW HJIH napa, BMOHTHposaHHtax
                                            B MeiaHTeHK fljwi noflorpesa  HJia.
DIGESTION
      T

   In sewage treatment the anaerobic
decomposition of organic matter,
resulting in partial gasification,
liquefaction,  and mineralization.
                                           flHFEPHPOBAHHE

                                               B OOpaOOTKB CTO1HUX BOB -  3TO
                                           aH33poOHoe pas-noweHHe opraHH^ecKoro
                                           semecTBa,  HMeromee CBOHM pesyjibTaroM
DILUTION

    (1) A method of disposing of
age, industrial V7aste,  or sev;age
treatment plant effluent by discharg-
ing it into  a  stream or body of water
to diminish  its strength.  (2)  The
ratio of volume of flow of a stream
to the total volume of  sewage or sew-
age treatment  plant effluent dis-
charged into it.
                                            PA3EABJIEHHE


                                               I/ Mexon yflajieHHH CTO^HUX
                                            npOMOTXOflOB, HJIH O6pa5OTaHHbIX
                                            CTOIHblX BOA, 3aKJIWMa:
-------
 DISCHARGE
    (1) As applied to a stream or
conduit,  the rate of flow, or volume
of water  flowing in a given stream
or conduit at a given place and with-
in a given period of txme.  (2) The
act involved in water or other liquid
passing through an opening or along a
conduit or channel.   (3)  The volume
of water,  silt,  or other mobile sub-
stance which emerges from an opening
pump, or  turbine,  or passes along a
conduit or  channel,  expressed as
cubic feet  per  second, millions of
gallons per day,  etc.
    I/ FIpHMCHHTejIbHO K BOflOTOKaM
 HJIH TpyGaM,  -  oObCM BOW, npOTeica-
 KHUHft flaHHUM  BOflOTOKOM B SaflaHHOH
 TO1KG B eflHHHUy  BpGMGHH .
    2/ fleflcTBHe npoxoismeHHJi BO.TUJ
 HJIH HHOH »HflKOCTH  JIHGO BflOJlb JIHUO
 lepea xcuaoe  ceienHC xanajia HJIH
    3/ OObeM BOflbi,  HJia HJIH
 ABHJKyuiHxcH semecTB,  BUXOAHIUHX »a
 KaKOrO-JlHlJO OTBepCTHH,  HJIH H3 H3CO-
 ca HJIH rypOHHbi,  H  nepeMemaiouwxcH
 BflOJib Kanaka HJIH KanaBbi.  OObeM BU-
 paiKaeTCH B icyGH^ecKHx yTax B ceieKTa.
 DISINFECTION

    The killing of the larger portion
 (but not necessarily all) of the
 harmful and objectional microorgan-
 isms in,  or on, a medium by means
 of chemicals,  heat, ultraviolet
 light,  etc.
flE3HH
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DISSOLVED OXYGEN
PACTBOPEHHI-lfl KHCJIOPOJH
   The oxygen  dissolved in water or
sewage.  Adequately dissolved oxygen
is necessary for the life of fish
and other aquatic organisms and for
the prevention of offensive odors.
Low dissolved  oxygen concentrations
generally are  due to discharge of
excessive organic solids having
high BOD, the  result of inadequate
waste treatment.
   KHCJIOpOA,  paCTDOpOHHLlii  B GOt\C KJIK
crone .  y/tOBJieTBopiiTcjibiio pacTBope-
HHLlK KHCJIOpOfl Hy OH fl.Iiyi MI3HII pHfi
H Apynix  BOAHUX opramraMOB,  a ranve
O.JIK npOAOTDpameHHH OJIODOIIIIH.  HIIOKIIC
KOHueiiTpauiui  pacTBOpcHiior-o  KIICJIOPO-
A8 OGUKIIOBCIIHO BM3BaHhI MpeaMOpHhIMII
cOpocai.in  opranHMccKiix ripnweceii c DU-
COKHM KODcxHimtoHTOH c5nojioriiHecKoro
            Kncjiopo/ia , HTO
                                             OTXOAOB.
DISSOLVED SOLIDS

   The  total amount of dissolved
material,  organic and inorganic,
contained in water or wastes.
Excessive dissolved solids make
water unpalatable for drinking and
unsuitable for industrial uses.
PACTBOPEHll'jE TBEHfllffi IIPIIMRCII

   06iuee  KOJiiiHecTBO pacToopoiiHoro
opraHnnecKoro H nooprainiMCCKoro
eemecTsa  B soflc IMII OTXOAOX.  Mpea-
MepHoc  KOJiviiecTuo pacTDOpCHUhix npii
weceW ACJiauT sofly HCBKycHovi
nwTbH H HenpnoMJienoii A.na
Hbix
DISTRIBUTOR

   In sewage  treatment a device used
to apply  liquid to the surface of a
filter or contact bed, of two gen-
eral types, fixed or movable.  The
fixed type may consist of perforated
pipes or  notched troughs, sloping
boards, or sprinkler nozzles.  The
movable type  may consist of rotating
disks or  rotating, reciprocating,
or traveling  perforated pipes or
troughs applying a spray, or a thin
sheet of  liquid.
PACnPEflEJIMTEJIb

   B npaKTHKe OWHCTKH CTOMHUX
3TO M6X3HH3M flJIJJ HOflBOfla JKHflKOCTH
K nosepxHOCTH q»iJibTpa MJIH K njib-
TpyrameMy  GJIOIO. 1'acnpeflejiiiTe^H  Obi-
     crauHOHapHbie H noflBn*Hbic.  CTB-
           THn npencTaojifieT cotJort
          TpyOu, sasySpeHHbie wenooa,
HaKJIOHHbie flOCKH HJIH
conjia.  noflBH«Hue THnw
           HJIH CKOJIbSHUlHe
       HJIH xejio5a; noflBHWHbie  Mexa-
HHSMbl  JIHOO paCntJJlHBaiOT WHflKOCTt,
     nonaioT ee B $opMe TOHKOB
DOMESTIC SEWAGE

   Sewage derived principally from
dwellings, business buildings,
institutions,  and the like.  It may
contain ground water, surface water,
or storm water.
XO3HflCTBEHHO-BblTOBblE CTO^HblE  BOflbl

   CxoMHtie  BOflbi or npeHMymecTBeHHO
JKHJIUX,  TOprOBblX, KyjTbTypHblX,  OOCJiy-
JKHBaiOIUHX  H nOHOSHhlX OGteKTOB.  MO-
ryT coflepxcaTb rpynTOBbie, nosepxHOCT
Hue HJIH jiHDHesbie
DOSE

   A measured  quantity of an agent
or physical  field administered or
absorbed at  one  time,  in time in-
crements, or continuously over a
period of time.   In technology, it  is
a portion of an  additive introduced
into a process.   In radiology, the
quantity of  energy or  radiation
absorbed.
                                             fl03A
                        KaKoro-JinGo
BemecTBa HJIH  
-------
DRAINAGE
BOflOCEOP  (UJHPOKOC  TOJlKOBaHHe)
    (1) A  general term applied to the
removal of  surface or ground water
from a given  area either by gravity
or by pumping.   (2)  The area from
which water at  a given point or
location  on a stream originates.   In
such case the term is synonymous  with
drainage  area and watershed.  (3)  The
term is also  used in a general sense
to apply  to the flow of all liquids
under the force of gravity.  (4)  The
water features  on  a map such as seas,
lakes, ponds, streams,  and  canals.
aauop  BOHU,  nosepxHocxHort HJIH rpyn-
TOBOH,  c  KaKoro-JiHUo paftoua, /mOo
HOfl  BO3flenCTBH6M CHJTUI THJKCCXH J1H6O
nyreM  HaKawHsaHHfi.
   2/  HacTb  seMiioft  nosepXHOCXH,
oTKyaa  npOHcxoaiiT CTOK sonta B pov-
nyio  CHCTeMy.  B 3TOM cjiyiae STOT
T6PMHH  CHHOHMMH1CH  C
           H  pennon HJIH
OacceflH.
    3/  B obuieM cMHCJie TSPMHH STOT
ynoxpeGjinexcH npnMeHHTCJibno K rpa-
BHXaUHOHHOMy XGXeHHIO BCCX KHflKOC"
                                               4/ BoflHbie oObeKTbi Ha xapxax,
                                            KBK Hanp. MOPH, osepa,
                                            PSKH H
DRAINAGE AREA

   The area tributary  to  a  lake,
stream, sewer, or drain.  Also
called catchment area, watershed,
and river basin.
 EACCEHH BOflOTOKA

    yviacTOK seMHOfi noeepxnocTH, c
 Koxoporo npOHCxoflHT HPHTOK BOA B
 pexy,  oaepo, CTOiHyio rpyOy HJIH
           KaHasy. TaKxe
         BoaocBopa; BoaocBop;
        6acceflH.
DRAINAGE BASIN

    (1) An area from which surface
runoff is carried away by a single
drainage system.  Also called
catchment area, watershed,  and
drainage area.   (2) The  largest
natural drainage area subdivision
of a continent.
 BOflOCBOPHblfl EACCEflH

    I/ Macxb seMHOft nosepXHOCTH,
 c Koropofl nocTynaioT nosepxHOCTHbie
 BOfltj B onHy rnflporpa$HMecKyio CETB.
 TaKoa OacceftH nasuBaioT xaxwe
 BonocGopHOfl njiomaflbio HJIH njiomaflfcio
 H/IH GacceflHOM BOflocOopa.
    2/ CaMoe xpynHoe npHpoflnoe  non-
 pa3«ejieHne OacceflHa soflocbopa  Ha
DSAINAGE SYSTEM

    (1) A system of conduits  and
structures for effecting  drainage.
It may consist of open  jointed  pipe
into which the water flows or it may
consist of tight pipes  which convey
the drainage.   (2) The  network  of
streams and bodies of surface water
that are tributary to them,  both
large and small, which  convey water
to a specific point.   (3) In plumbing,
all piping within public  or  private
premises which conveys  sewage,  rain
water, or other liquid  wastes,  to a
legal point of disposal;  the term
does not include the pipes of a
public sewer system.
flPEHAMAH CHCTEMA

    I/  CHCT6M3 BOflOOTBOflHblX
         H coopywemifi. TpyGta Moryx
     OTKpUTO coHJieHeHHoro Tuna,
Kyna nocxynaeT sojja; HJIH Moryi
GbiTb saMKHyxoro xiina, nanp.
    2/  CSTb BOHOXOKOB H nOBOpXHOCT-
HUX BOfloeMOB,  noflaioiUHX BOfly B axy
CSXb HeSaBHCHMO OX HX BejlHMHHbl,
flJIH OXBGfleHHH  BOfl K K3KOMy-JlH6O
onpeflGJieHHOMy  Mecxy.
    3/  B  BoaonpoBOflHOfi cwcxeMe -
ace TpyGbi B oGmecxBeHHfaix HJIH
Hbix BflaHMnx, ncpena^iuHe CXOKH, JIHB
HeBue  soflu H npyrne WHUKHG oxxoau
B yaaKOHeHHbifl  HCXOHHHK cbpoca. Tep
MHH 3TOT HG nOKpUBaST TpyG KOMMy-
         CTOMHOfl CHCTeMbl.
                                        36

-------
DRAINAGE WATER
flPEHAJKHAH BOflA
   (1) Water which has been  collected
by a drainage system and  discharged
into a natural watercourse.   (2)
Water flowing in a drain  derived  from
ground, surface, or storm water.
   I/ Boaa, coupaunan c TCPPHTOPHH
BOflociJopa H cupouiOHnaa D KaKoft-JiHU
ecTecTBemiufi  BOBOTOK.
   2/ Bojja D  upenax HJIII Tpaiimenx,
co&pamiafl c rpyHTOBoro, IIOBGPXHOCT-
Horo HJIH jitiBneBoro CTOKOB.
DREDGE SPOIL

   The material removed  from an
excavation.  It is  generally excess
material that is wasted.   A pile
of soil, subsoil, rock or  other
material excavated  from  a  drainage
ditch, pond, or other cut.
                                            OTBAJEJ C 3KCKABATOPHblX BblPASOTOK
                rpyni,
B pesyjibTare  aeMnHHUX  paQoT.  Btj-
      opn paspauoTKax  rpynr CVIH-
        KBK npaBHJio, HBUuiouHbiM
H tiger B OTsanti.
Taxxe: rpyflu  rpynra, nozinoMBhi, no-
poflti MnH HHOTO  Marepwajia,  BbiHyTue
us eoflocTO^Hoa  KanaBu,  npyaa, HJIH
HHOTO wecra BUSMKH.
DREDGING

   A method  for  deepening streams,
swamps or coastal  waters by scraping
and removing solids from the bottom.
The resulting mud  is usually
deposited in marshes in a process
called filling.  Dredging and filling
can disturb  natural ecological
cycles.  For example,  dredging can
destroy oyster beds and other
aquatic life;  filling can destroy
the feeding  and  breeding grounds
of many fish species.
                                             HHOyrJiyEHTEJlbHtJE PAEOTbl
                        BOAOTOKOB,
 JOJIOT H lIpMCipe-.HHX 1IOJIOC  liyT6M
 CHJITHH H BbieuKH rpyiiTa co flHa.
         uiJian cfipacHBaercfl B  GOJIOTH
     HX aaiiojiHeHHfl . Ilpoueccu  BHBMKH
 H oaKJiaAKH rpyHTa uoryi
        MecTHOCTH. HanpHMGp,
 posaHHe MOVST noBpeflmb
 Apyrnx BOflHMx opraHHBMOB.
 TODKHX MSCT rpyHTOH HO'6T  HaHeCTH
 yiuepfi ynacTKaM niiTaHHH  H pa3MHO-e-
 HHH MHOTHX BHflOB pHv5 .
 DRIHKIHG WATER STANDARDS

    Standards prescribed by the U. S.
 Public Health Service for the quality
 of drinking water supplied to inter-
 state carriers.  The principal pro-
 visions deal with sources and pro-
 tection, bacteriological quality, and
 physical and chemical characteristics.
CTAHfiAPTbl  HA  flHTbEByiO BOfly
                             Cjiy3K6oa
oeutecTBetiHoro anpaBooxpaneHUH Ha
KaiecTBo  nHTbeeoH BOW, npenocTa-
s/THeMofl BJIJI  Hyxjq MejKiuTaTnoro Tpanc-
nopTa. OcHOBHbie  'nyHKTU KacawTCH
HCTO^IHHKOB BOflbl  H HX OXpftHbl H
                     XHMH^GCKHX M
                                        37

-------
 ECOLOGY
                                            3KOJIOrHH
    The interrelationships of living
 things to one another and to their
 environment or the study of such
• interrelationships.
   BaaHMooTiiouieiiue XHBUX opraims-
MOD npyr c npyroM M c OKpyxaiouicH
       H H3yHCHne TSKHX OTHouiennn.
 ECOSYSTEM

    The interacting system of a
 biological community and its non-
 living environment.
BHOrEOUEH03

   B33HMOCBH3aHHaH 3KOCHCTGMa
6HOJiormiecKoro  coobmecTBa n COOT-
seTCTByrjmero  yiacTKa seMnoft noaepx-
HOCTH.
 EFFLUENT

    A discharge of pollutants  into the
 environment, partially or completely
 treated or in its natural state.
 Generally used to define discharges
 into waters.
CBPOCbl

   CCpoc  sarpasHHTenefi B OKpywaw-
myic  cpefly,  HeoOpaGoTaiiHwx, oopaoo-
TaHHbJX, HJIH OGpaoOTaHHblX laCTlI^IHO.
KaK  npaBHJio, HMBIUTCH B BMfly cGpocu
B  BOflHyio  cpeny-
 EFFLUENT LIMITED  SEGMENT

    A segment in which  the use of
 effluent guideline-based technology
 for industry, and secondary treat-
 ment for municipal facilities,  will
 meet water quality requirements.
                                            OrPAHHHEHHblH ViACTOK
CTOKA

   ViaCTOK,  H3 KOTOPOM npHMGHOHUe
TexHOJiornn o&paOoTKH CTOKOB corjiac-
HO yKaSBHHHM HO COpOCy flJIH
jieHHux oOoeKTOB,  a B cnyMae
H0» OSpaC'OTKH - flJlS TOpOflCKHX COO-
py*eHnft,  oTseMaer TpeOoBaHHHM K
xaiecTBy
           PBOSPHORUS
    An element that while  essential to
 life, contxibiTtes to  the  eutrophica-
 tiou of lakes and other bodies of
 water.
 SJIEMEHTAPHblfl OOC'DOP


    XOTH (J>OC$Op HGOOXOflHM flJIH
 SCH3HH,  3TOT 3J16M6HT CnOCO(?CTByCT
 3BTpO(J)HKaUHH O3CP H flpyFHX  BOflO-
 6MOB.
 ELIMIHRTION OF DISCHARGE

    A component of the effluent guide-
 lines indentifying how a  "no  dis-
 charge" requirement could be  estab-
 lished for an industrial category.
I1PEKPMUEHHE 3ArPfl3HHK)ll|HX CBPOCOG

   Ofliio  H3  nojiOKeHHft pyKOBOflcxsa
no orpam-meHHfiM Ha' cCpoc CIOMHUX
BOB, nawmee $opMyjinpOBKy nna TSX
          Korna MOJKHO naiio5KiiTb
       sanpemeHHc na cOpoc CTOM-
HUX BOA  Ann onpeae/ieiiHoro xima
npOMbmuieHHbix o
 EHDOSULFAN
                                             3HflOCyJIb
-------
ENDRIN
   A  name for an insecticide; a
 stereoisomer of dieldrin, which it
 resembles in toxicity and physical
 properties.   See also aldrin.
            HHCeKTHun.ua;  CTepeonso-
Mep flHejibHpHHa, c  KOTOPUM
cxojqeH no TOXCHIHOCTH  H
           CM. Taxxe
ENRICHt-lENT

   The addition of nitrogen,
phosphorus and carbon compounds or
other nutrients into a lake or other
waterway  that greatly increases
the growth potential for algae and
other aquatic plants.  Most"
frequently,  enrichment results from
the inflow of sewage effluent or
from agricultural runoff.
OEOrAUlEHHE nHTATEJIblMMH BE1UECTBAMH

    nonaAamie aaora, ejrapci>opa,  opra-
          coeflHHCHMSi ii Apyriix  miTO-
         BciuecTB B ooepo mm inioii
BOfloeM,  B peoyJibTaTe Hero  yoc^i;iMii-
        BO3MOXHOCTH npOII3pOCTaHi!H
            H apyriix 3DTpbc|jiibix pa-
cTeiinii.  HanOojiee MBCTO TBKOO  ooora
iueHne  BOAOCMOB  HBJIHOTCJI cJie/icianc
CdpOCa CTOMHblX BOA HJIH CCJIbCKOXO-
OflKcTBeHHHX OTXOAOB .
ENTRftlNMEKT

   Drawing  of aquatic organisms into
a cooling water system, resulting in
physical stress,  generally from flow
•rate and temperature effects.  The
stress often results in high mortality.
 VHOC
cHcrewy
              DOUHBIX opraHHSMos  a
                       BOH,  B  pe-
          ^ero 3TH opraHHSMu noa-
 BepraioxcH (])H3HMecKOMy BosneflCTsmo,
 oObrctio BoaneficTBHw CKOPOCTH noTOKa
 H  TeMnepaiypu,  ITO sejieT K  Bbicoxon
 CM6PTHOCTH 3THX Opr3HH3MOB.
 ESTUARY

   Area where fresh water meets salt
 water,  such as a bay, mouth of river,
 salt marsh,  and lagoon.  An estuary
 is a delicate eco-system; it serves
 as nursery,  spawning, and feeding
 ground  for  a large group of marine
 life and provides shelter and food
 for birds and wildlife.
 3CTyAPHH
             i\ae npecHaa BOAa  npn.ce-
 raex  K wacce COJIBHOH BOAU:  Hanpnnep
         ycTbH peK, co.neKbie  ooepa H
         3cTyapnn npeACT8BJiH-oT co(5oti
 MyBCTBHTejIbHbie OKOCHCT6Mbl:  OHH
 "far nHTOMHHKanH; HecTaim
 H  nHTSHUH RJLO. UGJIOTO pflflB MOpCKHX
 opraHHSMOB;  H yfieynutaMH H MecTauti
         RJIR  nxHU H AHKHX ^HBOTHHX.
 EUTROPHICATION

   The  normally slow aging process
 by which a  lake evolves into a bog
 or marsh and ultimately assumes a
 completely  terrestrial state and
 disappears.   During eutrophication
 the  lake becomes so rich in nutritive
 compounds,  especially nitrogen and
 phosphorus,  that algae and other
 microscopic plant life becomes
 superabundant,  thereby "choking"
 the  lake, and causing it eventually
 to dry  up.   Eutrophication may be
 accelerated by many human activities.
3BTPO$HKAUHfl
   06hiKHOBeHKO  Becbhia
npouecc HcxomeHHfl  osepa,  B pcay.ibTa-
Te KOTOporo oaepo  cnepsa iipeBpamae-
TCfl B TpflCHHy MJIH  SOJIOTO,  3 BnOC.ICfl-
CTBHH B yMacTOK cyuiH ii iic'ieoaeT KAK
ooepo. B nepiioa 3BTpocJ):iKau:iii onepo
HacBimaeTCH nirTaTe-nbUHMii DOIIIOCTB.IMII,
B OCOdeHHOCTH 83OTOM H 
-------
FACILITIES PLANNING
                                            miAHHPOBAHHE BOflOOMllCTIlbLX Oli'i.KKTOB
   The first  stage  in establishing a
wastewater  facility,  including site
selection,  surveying, building loca-
tion, etc.
           CTOHHH B npoueccc coopy-
      BOflOOHHCTHOrO OUbCKTa, DKnin-
        BuOop wecTa, ciiCMKy, rpaccn-
                  non 3asmun, nr.q.
FACTORS

   Those considerations which deter-
mine the ability  of  an affected ac-
tivity to meet  environmental guide-
lines, such as  soil  quality, climate,
condition of plant equipment, access
to receiving waters,  etc.
OAKTOPbl

   3jieM@KTU  OU.CHKH H
           cnocoOiiocrb
              K  coOjiuAciiii v
o aaiuMTe OKpywanmeft cpeau.
BXOJIHT: xawecTBO nouBU,  KJIHMAT
cociOHHue MexaHHiecicoro
HHH, flOCTyn  K BOAOnpHeMHHKQM,
                             KOTOPUC
FEEDLOT

   A relatively  small,  confined
land area for  raising cattle.
Although an economical method of
fattening beef,  feedlots concentrate
a large amount of  animal wastes in
a small area.  This  excrement cannot
be handled by  the  soil as it could
be if the cattle were scattered on
open range.  In addition,  runoff
from feedlots  contributes excessive
quantities of  nitrogen,  phosphorus
and potassium  to nearby  waterways,
thus contributing  to eutrophication.
                                            riACTEHlllHOE
                           oropoxen-
Hasi njioiuaAica A.HH CKOTOBoacrna .
TaKHe  yroAtfl npeAcraBJis.v.-T
3t{)t|,eKTHBHuii C11OCO6
CKOTQ,  OHH B TO *& BpSMA
MecTou KOHueKTpamiH 6o.«biijoro
        Haaosa na nsQoJibmo\\
     llO'JBa TSKHX yPOflHH H6 B COCTO-
flHHH BHHTaTb B ceflH BBCb H8BO3, MTO
(Snjio Ou BOO'MOXHHM, ecJiH 0 cKOT naccfl
Ha OTKpHTHX naCTOHIUHX. KpOM6 3TOTO
CTOK u OTXoau o TaKHX yroflnH c<3pa-
CHsajOT HOJimiKee KOJiM>iecTBo aooxa ,
({]oc(})opa H  KajiHSt a 6Jin3JieKauiHe BORO-
XOKH,  ^6M  yBejlHMHBaeTCH CTeHSHb HX
FILTRATION

   In waste water  treatment,  the
mechanical process that removes
particulate matter by separating
water from solid material, usually
by passing it  through sand.
OTDIbTPHPOBAHHE

   B npaKTKKe  oGpaGoTKH CTOHKUX
son, STO MexaHH^ecKHfi npouecc
JIBHHH viacTHu, npiiMeceft nocpcncxBOM
OTnejisHHH  TBepnax semecTB or BOHH,
D6biKHOBeHiio nponycxan CTOK
necoK.
FLOG

   Small gelatinous  masses,  formed
in a liquid by  the addition  of coagu-
lants thereto or through biochemical
processes or by agglomeration. See
coagulant.
ZJlOUbfl  (OJlOKKyjlMPOBAHHblE OCAflKK)

    HeGoJibitiHe reJieo6pa3Hbie
OlOpaSOBaBUlHGCH B JKHflKOCTH
noa BoaneacTBHGM KoaryjiHHTOB, jin6o
B peayjibxaTe OHOXHMHvecKHx npoue-
CCOB, JIHOO nyreM
CM.
FLOCCULATION
   See coagulation.
   CM.
                                        40

-------
FLOCCULATTUN AGENT

   See1 coagulant.
OJIOKKVJIHPyiOmEE  BEU1ECTBO

   CM.
FLOCCULATOR

   An apparatus for the formation of
floe in water or sewage.
                                             OJlOKKyJMTOP
                   oGpaaoBamin
xjionbes B  Bone  IIJIH CTOVHUX
FLOOD PLAIN

    (1)  The position occupied by the
water surface  of a stream during a
particular flood.   (2)   loosely,
the elevation  of the water surface
at various points along the stream
during a particular flood.  Also
called flood level.  Also, part of
a lake basin plain, lying between
the shoreline  and the shore cliff
and subject to submergence during
a high sta^e of the lake.
noHMA

     I/  
-------
FORCE MAIN                                  HAniETATEJlbllblH TPyEOnPOBOJI

   A pipe line on the discharge  side          HanopHHft Tpyuonposoa  nacocnon
,of a pumping station.                       ycTSHOBKH Ha ee COPOCOBOM KOHUC.
                                        42

-------
GAME  FJSH

    Those species of fish sought by
sports  fishermen;  for example,
•salmon,  trout,  black bass, striped
bass, etc.   Game fish are usually
more  sensitive  to environmental
changes  and  water quality degradation
than  "rough" fish.
                                            PUEA  Mi\ CnOPTHBllOM J10DJ1M

                                               Te Biiflu purt, JIOOJICH KOTOPUX
                                            HanpwMep Jiococb, cfiopejib,
                                            nepHuii  H MopcKoil, HTA . Phiou
                                            nine en od'exTOM JIOBJIH OCJUKHOBCHHO
                                            Oojiee MyBCTBHTCJihuu K nepeueiiaM
                                            B oKpyKBiuuieti cpefle H K yxy«uiOHHRj
                                            KaiOCTBS BOAbl H6M COpHhie
GERMICIDE

   A  chemical  or agent that kills
microorganisms such as bacteria
and prevents them from causing
disease.   Such compounds must be
registered as  pesticides with EPA.
                                             EAKTEPHUHflbl

                                                XHMHKaTH, yHHHTOJKaulUHe MHKpOOp-
                                             raHHSMbi Twna OaKTepHfi,  TJI.  oOp.
                                             T6,  KOTOPUC HBJJHiOTOH  BO36yflHT6JlH-
                                             MH gaOoJiesaHHfi. BaKTepnunflnbie seme-
                                             cxsa nonnexa-i perHCTpauHH Kaic necTH-
                                             UHflbi B opratiax AreHTCTsa no 3amnxe
                                             OKpyxaioiueft
GREASE TRAP

   A device by means of which grease
content of sewage  is cooled and con-
gealed so that it  can be skimmed
from the surface.
                                            KHPOyjlOBHTEJlb

                                                npncnocoojieHne, npn noMowH  KOTO-
                                            poro WHpoBbie cocraB/iHiJimie CTOKOB
                                            H OTXOAOB  oxjiawnajOTca H cryma;oTC«,
                                            TaK WTO  OHH Moryr CUTB CHHTU c no-
                                            BepXHOCTH.
GRIT

   The heavy mineral matter in water
or sewage such as  sand,  gravel,
cinders, etc.
                                             KPynH03EPHHCTblH MATEPHAJ1
                                                        MHHepanbHue  nopoflta B
                                             BOfle HJ1H CTOIHfcJX BOflaX,  K3K  Hanp.
                                             necoK,  rpaBHft, aona, HT«.
GROUND WATER

   Subsurface water  occupying the
saturation zone, from which wells
and springs are fed.  In a strict
sense the term applies  only to
water below the water table.  Also
called phreatic water.
                                            TPyHTOBblE
                                                                   BOJbl
                                                 3OHy HaCblUGHHH, H3 KOTOpOH
                                                      KOJIOflUbl H POflHHKH .  B y3KOM
                                                    GJiOBa TBPMHH "rpyHTostie BO-
                                                 OTHOCHTCH TOJlbKO K BO«aM HHJKS
                                                     noaseMHux BOA. TaKwe
                                                                 BOHH.
GUTHION

   Insecticide.
                                            rVTHOH

                                                HHCCKTHUHfl.
                                        43

-------
                      H
HARD WATER

   Hater containing  dissolved
minerals such as  calcium,  iron and
magnesium.  The most notable
characteristic of hard water is its
inability to lather  soap.   Some
pesticide chemicals  will curdle or
settle out when added to hard water.
         BO,gA
   Bofla,  coflepyamaji pacxaopenHhie
           Kax nanp. Kajimiiii,
         HT/I .  OTJiiiHHTe.ibiiOH xapanre-
PHCTHKOM  •'ecTKoii BOAW fiBjmeTCH TO,
MTO OHB  H6 MHJIHTCH. HeKOTOpUe  113-
CTHUHAU  npii nonaflam-iH B MJCTKVIU
BOfly CBOpaHHBaiuTCJl HJIII OCe/ldiuT.
HARDNESS

   A characteristic of water, chiefly
due to the  existence therein of the
carbonates  and sulfates and
occasionally  the nitrates and
chlorides of  calcium, iron, and
magnesium,  which causes "curdling"
of the water  when soap is used, an
increased consumption of soap,
the deposition of scale in boilers,
injurious effects in some industrial
processes,  and sometimes
objectionable taste in the water.  It
is commonly computed from the amounts
of calcium  and magnesium in the
water and expressed as equivalent
calcium carbonate per million parts
of water.
 iKECTKOCTb

    OflHO H3 CBOftCTB BOflbl,
 CH CJieflCTBHSM  HajlHIHfl B BOflB K3p-
 GonaxoB H cyjibOaxoB,  a miorfla  HM-
 TP3TOB H XJlOPHflOB,  Ka/IbUHH, MBJiesa
 H MarHHH. npoHBJineTCH B ruioxoM pa-
 CTBOpeHHH MblJia  B  T3KOR BORB 1A  B
         ero ynoTpeQjieHMH, B oBpaao-
         xiinH Ha CTeHKax napOBbix
 KOTJ10B, BO BpeflHOM BOSfleflCTBHH
 Ha npOMwuineHHoe oGopyflosaHHe,  a
 HHOrfla H B njioxow npHBKyce. OGta-
 KHOB6HHO BUCMHTfcJBaeTCH H3 KOJ1HM6CT-
 sa KajibUHH H MarHHH,  coflepjxaiAHxcn
 B Bojqe, H BupaMaexcH  B MHJIJIHOHHUX
 AOJIHX 3KBHB3JieHTOB yrjlfiKHCJIOrO
         B oSseMe
HAZARDOUS  SUBSTANCE

   A pollutant whose presence in a
receiving  water as a result of a
spill can  present an imminent and
substantial  danger to the public
health or  welfare and to fish,
shellfish, wildlife, shorelines,
and beaches.
 OI1ACHOE BEUIECTBO

    3arpH3HHTejib, HajiHMHe KOTOPOFO
 B Bone B pesyJibTaTe  paajmsa MOJKBT
 npeflCTaajiaTb HenpenoTBpaTHMyw H
 ceptesHyio onacnocTb  flJin saopoBbH
 H GjiarOCOCTOHHHH leJlOBBKa, PU13,
 MOJUIIOCKOB, paKOOupasHux H BUKHX
I KHBOXHfalX H H3H6CTH yiUepO BSMOpblO
 H npHBpeXHHM 3OHHM.
HEAVY METALS

   Metallic elements with high
molecular  weights,  generally toxic
in low concentrations to plant and
animal life.  Such metals are often
residual in the environment and
exhibit biological  accumulation.
Examples include mercury, chromium,
cadmium, arsenic and lead.
 T5L-..EJIHE HETAJJ.5H
 nuiiie BticoKiiu Mo.neKyjinpiihiM BOCOM H
 flBJIflA-lUHeCfi OCJU'JUO  TOKCHMHblHII RAR
 pacTCHufi ii .-.IIBOTHMX aa."e npti MBJIUX
 KOHueHipamisix.  Tanwe  MeTa.iJiu Macro
 iHBBiuT OOTaXOVHHMH npOflyKTOMH D OKpy
        cpeae :: aKKyMyjinpy,oxcH B Suo-
            ciicreMax. Hanpiu/.ep pxyxb,
 XpOM,  KaflMIIH, MHlIIbHK H CBIIH6U.
HEPTACHLOR
                                             TEHTAXJIOP
   A fungicide  similar to chlordan.
              CXOJdHblfl C XJIOpflaHOM.

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HERBICIDE
TEPEHUHflU
   A chemical used to destroy or
control the growth of weeds,  bush
and other undesirable plants.
            mix yinwioxenusi H
KOHTPOJIH pocTa copitflKOB H apy-
rHx newejiaxejibHUx  pacxeHHft H
KyCTOB.
HOLDING  TANK

   One form of  marine sanitation
device that collects sanitary
wastes and  is pumped out at an on-
shore facility.
 EAK-HAKOIlHTEJlb

    OBHO K3 ycTpoflcTB na cy«ax,
 cjiyxaiqce HJIH cOopa
 OTXOAOB. Oxxoflbi
 nepexaviHBaioTcn B npiieMHbie
 Ha cyme.
 HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATION MODEL

    A method of estimating various
 probable seasonal variations, by
 analogy modeling, over specific
 drainage area regarding water volume,
 flow velocity, surface runoff,
 evaporation, seepage, and other
 hydrologic data affected by environ-
 mental conditions or by human activ-
 ites.

    A number of methods for linear
 or nonlinear programing of water
 resources are in use, each based on
 regional statistical parameters and
 using different types of scientifi
 equipment, ^phenomena, and mathematical
 functions.
MOflEJIb
                         HOJIHOHKAUHH
          OU.GHKH paSJlHMHUX EGpOHTHbl.X
 npii noMouiK aHa^oroBoro
 Han i
-------
 IMPERVIOUS SOIL
BOflOHEnPOHHUAEMblE
    A soil resistant to penetration
 by water and usually by  air and
 roots.
   HOMBhl,  OTJimiaiOlllHeCH CTOflKOCTblO
K npocaviHBaHHio BOAU, a raiuKe, KBK
npaun.no,  K npOHiiKHOBeiiHh) sosayxa
MJIH Kopnefl .
 IMPOUND

    (1)  To collect water as  by
 damming a stream for irrigation
 purposes, or the like.   (2)  A
 reservoir for water, as one made
 by damming a stream.
C03flATb BOflOEH

    I/  B xaiecTBe rvnarojia: iiaxanjiH-
saib Bony nyreM aanpywHsaniiH,  nanp.
ana uejieft opouieHHH, HT«.
    2/  B xawecTBe cyiuecTBiixeJibHoro:
         coaaaHHUft nyTGM
HHH.
 IMPOUNDING RESERVOIR
    A reservoir with gate controlled
 outlets wherein surface water may be
 retained for a considerable  period
 of time and released for nse at a
• time when the ordinary flow  of the
 stream is insufficient to  satisfy
 requirements.
                                             3AIlPyflHOE BOflOXPAHHJIHlUE
                  co IUJIIOSOBUMH sopo-
T3MH, B  KOTOPOM nOBSpXHOCTHUe BOflbl
woryT xpaHHTbcn B Te^emie
XHTeJibHoro nepnofla BPEMSHH H
CKHTI.CH  B  BOAOTOK B nepIIOflbl,
HOpwaJibHoro npHTOKa BOHKI He xaaTaer
                    noxpeGHOCTeft .
 IN PLACE POLLUTANT

    A pollutant generated .in situ at
 a given locale.
3ArPg3HHTEJlb MECTHOFO nPOHCXOKflKHHH

   JloGoe  sarpHSHHiomee semecTso, oGpa-
          na Mecie B npenejiax orpa-
 INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE

    Sewage in which industrial wastes
 predominate.  See domestic sewage.
   CTOHHbie  BOflbl,  B KOTOPUX
     npOMbmuieHHue oxxoflbi. CM. Xosnfl-
CTBeHHO-GiJTOBHe CTO'IHbie BOflbl.
 INFILTRATION

    The uncontrolled entry of water
 into a sewage system via defective
 pipes, pipe joints, manhole walls,
 etc.
HHOHJlbTPAUHfl

   HeperyjmpyeMoe nponHKnoneiute
BOflbl B KaHaJIHSaUHOHHyW CIICTGMy,
Hanp. vepea  fleOexTHbie rpyOu, CTUI-
KH , JIBKH ,  HTJU .
                                         46

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INFILTRATION  RATE
CKOPOCTb nPOCAMHBAHHfl
    (1) The  rate  at which infiltration
takes place expressed in depth of
water per unit time,  usually in inch-
es  per hour.   See percolation.  (2)
The rate, usually expressed in cubic
feet per second,  or million gallons
per day per mile of waterway, at
'which ground water enters an infil-
•tration ditch or gallery, drain, "
sewer, or other  underground conduit.
   I/ CKOpocTb  npouecca nHnJibTpa-
     nocTynnemie  BOOU na onpeac-
jienHyio rjiybMny  3a enHHHuy BPCMCHH;
oOuiHO noflaeTcn B flioflMax D Mac.
CM. npocainaanHe.
   2/ CKOpocTb  nocTynJieHwn rpyHTO-
Bfaix BOfl  B  HHOHJibTpauHonnylo Kanaoy,
noHseMHhifi  pcaepoyap,  flpenaxnyio
CHCTeMy, CTomibifl  KOJIJIOKTOP, MHH
flpyryro noaaeMHyin  BOflOOTBoanyio CH-
crewy; oobiiHO aupaxaeTCH D KyOn-
necKHX $yTax B  ceKyHfly HJIH MHJIJIMO-
nax rajiJionoB B  nenb Ha ofliiy MHHIO
BOflOTOKa.
 INFILTRATION VOLUME

   The  quantity of rainfall, expres-
 sed  in  inches depth over a given
 area, that passes below the root zone
 of plants and ultimately reaches the
 zone of saturation.
                                            OEoEM  nPOCAIHBAHHfl
                        ocanxoB,
BblpaaCOHHOG  B  flWHMaX FJlyCHHbl H3
KOTOpoe  npOHHKaeT B rpyHT
ypOBHH KOpHSfl  paCTGHHfl H B KOH6K-
HOM HTOre AOXOflHT flO 30HU
 INFLUENT

   Sewage,  water,  or other liquid,
 raw or  partly treated, flowing into
 a reservoir,  basin,  or treatment
 plant.
I1PHTOK  BOflbl

   Bofla,  CTOKH HJIH npyran
HeO5pa5OT£lHHaH HJIH JlHUlb OTiaCTH
oOpauoTaHHaa,  nocTynaiomaa B peaep-
Byapu,  bacceftHU HJIH
    ycxaHOBKH.
 INLAND WATERS

   All surface waters within the
 territorial  limits of the United
 States.
BHVTPEHHHE BOflbl

   Bee  noBcpxHOCTHbie BOHLJ, pacnojio-
        B  npenejiax CU1A.
 INORGANIC MATTER

    Substances of mineral origin.
HEOPrAHHVIECKOE BE1UECTBO

   BemecTBO MHHepaJibHoro nponcxo-
 INPUT

    (1)  The available data for solving
 a  technical problem.  (2) The total
 of physical factors entering into a
 process.
nOCTVnJIEHHE,  BBOflHHE flAHHblE

    I/  HMetouinecH B HariHMHH
flnH pemeHHH KaKoro-jiwOo xexHHie-
CKOTO  Bonpoca.
    2/  OOuiee icoJiHiecxBo (])H3HMecKHX
OaKTOpOB,  BOBJie*ieHHbIX B KaKOfl-JIH60
npouecc.
                                        47

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 INTAKE AREA
    The surface area upon which
 water that eventually reaches an
 aquifer or ground-water basin is
 initially absorbed.
          seMHoft noBepxiiocTH,
            npouccc norjiomeiiiiH
 KOTopan 33T6M HaxanjiHBacTcn  D
 Hociibix ropnaoiiTax HJIH B baccaftHax
 PpyHTOBtJX BOA.
 INTAKE STRUCTURE

    (1)  The place where water enters
 a  conduit or other structure.
 (2)  The works or structures at  the
 head of a conduit or canal into
 which water is diverted.
 BOflOnPMEMHOE CODPVKEHME

    I/ MecTo, rye soaa BXOAHT B i/ npHdpe^Hue Boaa, nonnriie KOTOpax
 oxssTbiBaeT Boau oneaHa B npoae.--ax
 KBK  TeppnTopna-abHoft .«pwcaHKu:ui no
HanpaBJieiiHnj K uopiu raw H B/IO.TD '.'
 roaoS JiKHiin i BKJiwM'an B
POKH  ], Haxoaaiueiicn noa
TlpIIJIIIBHO-OTJIHBHOrO UHKJI3
                                        48

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INTRASTATE WATERS                           BliyTPHUlTATHblE BOflU

   According to law, waters defined             B COOTBOTCTDHH c
as rivers, lakes and other waters           aaKonaMH, TBPMMH STOT OTHOCHTCH
that .are within the jurisdiction of         K peKaw, oaopaM H flpyrHM BOJUBM,
a state.                                    HaxoflnmiiMCH Ha ieppnxopnH
                                                     OflHOMV
.IRON                                        KEJ]E30
                                         49

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LAGOON
                                            JTArVHA
   A shallow body of water,  as a
pond or lake, which usually  has a
shallow, either restricted or blocked
inlet from the sea.
                BOHOSM,  wax narip.
npyfl H-mi oaepo,  ouuKHOBemio JIHGO
COeflHHCHHbie  C  MOP6M MSJlKOBOflHblM
npoJiHBOM JIHOO  OTneiieHnue OT Mops
OapOM.
LAKE

   An inland body of water,  fresh
or salt, or considerable  size
occupying a basin or hollow  on the
earth's surface, and which may or
may not have a current  or single
direction of flow.
03EPO
cojienbifi
                              HJIH
                 pacnojioxtenHfaifi B
            SCMIIOH noBepxnocTn;
MOK6T OfalTJb  OeCCTO^HUM HJIH CTOH-
HtiM, iianp.  c
TevtemieM.
LAMP USE

   The use made of the  land surface
which has a determining effect on
the broad social and  economic con-
ditions of a region and which deter-
mines the amount and  character of
the runoff and erosion.   Three gen-
eral classes are recognized:   Crop,
pasture or range, and forest.
3EHJIEnOJlb30BAHHE

   KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHe 36MHOB FIOBepX-
HOCTH,  IITO HMSGT peuiaioiuee 3Ha*!enne
    pasBHTHH oOiuecTBeHHux H BKOHO-
          ycJioDHfi naHHoro paflOHa.
SewneycTpoKcTBO BJIHHST TaKwe wa
ouoeM H xapaKxep CTOKOB H 3posnn.
           TPH OCHOBHUX paspnAa
                          noKposa:
          M
nacTOHiaa;  H nee a.
LATERAL SEWER

   A sewer which  discharges into a
branch or other sewer and has no
other sewer  tributary to it.
EOKOBOB BOflOOTBOfl

    CTOMH3H  TpySa,  KOTOpaa cdpacbi-
     CTOMHtje BOAU HJIH B
           HJIH  B  flpyroft
HO caMa ue npnmiMaeT flpyrwx HPHTOKOB.
LEACHATE

   Liquid that has percolated through
solid waste or other mediums  and has
extracted dissolved or  suspended
materials from it.
        BHliIE.MHMBAHHfl
CJIOM TBepatix  OTXOSOB HJIH flpyroii
cpeau K H3BJieKmaa  OTTyaa
LEACHING

    <1) The removal  of  soluble con-
stituents from  soils or other
material by percolating liquid.
(2) The removal' of.  salts and alkali
from soils by abundant irrigation
combined with drainage.   (3]  The
disposal of a liquid through a non-
watertight artificial  structure,
conduit, or porous  material by down-
ward or lateral drainage,  or both,
into the surrounding permeable soil.
BMUEJIAMHBAHHE

    I/ BtJMHBaHHe H3 nOVBbl
Mbix HHrpeBHeHTOB HJIH HpyrHx
ajioo nofl neftCTBHGM
IKHAKOCTH .
    2/ BuMbisaHHe cojieH H IUGJIOWH us
nous B pesyjibraTS oGHJibHoro OPOIUGHHH'
BO BSaHMOBefiCTBHH C flpGHaJKeM.
    3/ OTBOfl  JKHflKOCTH ^GpG3 HCKyCCT-
BeHHyro BOAonpOHHuaeMyio CTpyKTypy,
         MarepwajJ HJIH nonooTBonHyra
       nyieM  Hucxoaniuero H/HJIH GOKO-
soro Apeuaxa  B  oKpya?aK>inne sononpo-
                                        50

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LEAD
 LEVEL A PLANNING

    An activity of the Water Resources
 Council which seeks to identify broad
 needs and  desires for management of
'water and  related land resources in
 a major geographical area of the
 nation;  identifies the river basins
 with  the most complex problems.
IUIAHHPOBAHHE HA VPOBHE  "A"
                CoBGTa  no B cm HUM
pecypcaw, HanpaBjieHHan  Ha onpene-
      UIHPOKHX noTpe5HocTefl H  no»e-
      B o&jiacTH pyxoBOACTsa
MH H pOflCTBeHHHMH  SCMeJIbHblMH
     Ha KaKOft-JTuGo Kpynnort reorpa-
         TeppHTOpnn  HauHH .  XcTana-
        oOjiacTH pe^noro Cacccnua
H onpeflejinex MX KOMnjieKcnyio npo&jie-
 LEVEL B PLANNING

   Also under the Water Resources
 Council,  this level concentrates on
 a  specific  region or river basin,
 and  attempts  to resolve its complex
 long-term problems in water and
 related land  resource management;
 identifies  program priorities.
nJIAHHPOBRHHE  HA VPOBHE  "B"
                   B  paMKax
BOCTH CoBeia no  BOflHUM pecypcaM, co-
CpeaOTO^IHBaH CBO6  BHHM3HHe H3 OflHOM
KaKOM-jiHbo pe^HOM  oacceflHe HJIM ofl-
HOfl cneumfHuecKoS  o&nacTM.
ycnjine npwjiaraeTCH K
nepcneKTHBHUX
           BOHHUMH K
           pecypcawH H K
HHIO o^iepenHOCTM  BtunoJiHeHMH
 LEVEL C PLANNING

    This is undertaken by an  individ-
 ual Federal, State or local  agency,
 and examines the feasibility of  a
 specific program or project.
                                            I1JIAHHPOBAHHE  HR VPOBHE "B"
             OTBETCTBeHHOCTblO
                  iiiTaxHux H MBCTHUX
opranoB. flaexca oueuxa ueJiecooSpag
HOCTH H OCymeCTBHMOCTH CneUH$H16C-
KHX npoeKTOB njiH nporpaMM.
 LINDANE
                                            JIHHJQAH
    Insecticide.
                                        51

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                     M
MAIN SEWER

   A sewer to which  one  or irore
branch sewers are  tributary.   Also
called trunk sewer.
FJIABHUB KOJ1J1EKTOP

   KOJIJI6KTOP,  E  KOTOPUB OTBOHHT
BOfltJ OflHH HJIH  HeCKOJIbKO MQCTHblX
             TaKuce
               KOJUiexxopOM.
MALATI1ION

   A trade  name of a phosphate
insecticide with relatively low
mammalian toxicity.

   General  insecticide  including con-
trol of aphids,  spider  mites,  scales,
and house flies  as well as a wide
range of other  sucking  and chewing
insects.
MEJ1ATHOH

   OQiuee  HassaHHe (J>oc$axnoro HHCGK-
XHUHfla C  HH3KOB  TOKCHIHOCTblO flJIH
MjieKonHxauiuHX. npHMeimeTcn DJIH KOH-
xpojiH TJIH,  nayKOoopasHux KJiemefl,
1UHIOBOK,  KOMHaXHblX MyX H UEJIOTO PHfla
flpyrnx cocymnx H wyiomnx HacexoMux.
MANGANESE
                                            MAPFAHEU
MANHOLE

   An opening  by which a man may
enter or  leave a sewer,  conduit, or
other closed structure for inspection,
cleaning, and  other maintenance oper-
ations; closed by a removable cover.
JDOK
   OxsepcTHe,  Mepes KOTOpoe
BXOflHT  HJ1H BhJXOflHT H3
CHCTeMtJ OTBGfleHHn CTOUHblX BOfl HJIH
us HpyrHx no«36MHfaax KaHa/in3aunoHHbix
O6l>eKTOB.  OTBepCTHe C^y*HT flJIH
uejiefl HHcneKUHH,  oCcJiyKHsaHHH H
yGopKH  H saKpuBaexcfl c^eMHOfi Kptiui-
KOft.
MARGIN OF  SAFETY

   The difference  between an allow-
able level for  a specific pollutant
and the higher  level  at which adverse
effects have been  noted.
K03QIDHUHEHT EE30nACHOCTH

   fljja  xaKoro-JiH6o onpenejieHHoro

flOnyCIHMbIM ypOBHBM H ypOBHCM BbUlie
nonycTHMoro,  T.e.  Korna
MARINE SANITATION  DEVICE

   A treatment device  used on a
vessel to control  pollution from
sanitary wastes.
VCTPOnCTBO flJM OqHCTKH OTXOJOB
HA CVflAX
                             xo3-
          OTXOHOB  Ha cynax nnx
MARINE SOIL

   Soil formed  from materials depos-
ited by the waters  of  oceans or seas,
exposed by elevation of the land or
desiccation of  the  sea.
MOPCKHE
           oOpasoBaBuiHecH us Maxepu-
     oTJioxeHHfl oKeaHOB H Mopeft H
          Ha noflepxHOCTb B peayjib-
xaxe nofl^eMa cyuiH HJIH o(5e3Bo>KHBaHHH
Mopeft .
                                        52

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MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD
                                            MAKCMMAJIbHAJl CVTOHIIAH HAFPySKA
   The  total  loading of a specific
pollutant  that can be assimilated
by a receiving water without
affecting  the basic water quality
of the  receiving  water.
          narpysKa  Ha BOAOCM MJIH
                iHuo cneu,H(I)nmecKoro
              KOTOptdH MOX6T GblTb
aCCHMHJIHpOBaH BOflHOfl MaCCOfl H6
uanocn yiuepGa HcxoaHOMy KaiecTBy
BOflbl.
MECHANICAL AERATION

    (1)  The mixing,  by mechanical
means,  of  sewage and activated
sludge,  in the aeration tank of the
activated  sludge process, to bring
fresh surfaces of liquid into con-
tact with  the  atmosphere.  (2) The
introduction of atmospheric oxygen
into a  liquid  by the mechanical ac-
tion of  paddle or spray mechanisms.
MEXAHHIECKAfl A3PAUMfl

   I/ MexaHHHecKoe
CTOIHUX BOH HJIH  aKTHBHOTO HJI3 B
aopauHOHHOM Bane,  B KOTOPOM npHMe-
HHeTCH OWHCTKa aKTHBHUM HJ1OM, C
UeJlfcl'J nOflHHTb HODUC CJ1OH BORbl H3
nOBepXHOCTb Rflfl  COnpHKOCIIOBeHHH
c aTNioc$epofl.
   2/ BeefleHHe aTMOC npHMMHOA  HewenaTeJibHoro
BKyca HJIH sanaxa  HJIH noMexoft npii
MIREX

   Insecticide
MHPEKC


   HHC6KTHUHJI-
                                        53

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MIXING BONE
                                           30HA CMEIUHBAIIHfl
   The local region of pollutant
discharge into a receiving  stream,
which an excess of pollutants  is
allowed, as in the vicinity o£ an
outfall line.
                                npncMHoro
in      BonoTOKa, na KOTOPOM nonycKacTCH
        cGpoc aarpnaneHHft csepx HOPMU,  xax
        Hanp. B6J1H3H BblXOflHOfl J1MHHH
        Hawnoro
MODIFIED AERATION

   A modification of the activated
sludge process in which a  shortened
period of aeration is employed with
a reduced quantity of suspended  sol-
ids in the mixed liquor.
       MOflmtHUHPOBAHHAH AdPAUHH

           BHflOH3MGHeHne npouecca OHHCTKH
       aKTHBHblM HJ1OM, B KOTOPOM npIlM6HHHT-
       CH  KpaxKOBpeMeiiHue nepiionbi
               KOJlimeCTBO BSBeillCHHblX
            B  HJIOBOfl XHflKOCTH yM6HblUaeTCH.
MUCK

    (1) Fairly well decomposed organic
material, relatively  high  in  mineral
content, dark in color,  and accumu-
lated under conditions of  imperfect
drainage.   (2) Broken rock or ore
that results from blasting during
mining operations  (3) To excavate or
remove muck from.
        HEPHUfl TPVHT

           I/ CpaBHHTe/IbHO CHJIfaHO  P33J1O-
                 opraHHMecKoe semecTBO co
                     BucoKHM coflepwanneM
                   xeMHoro usexa;
        jiocb B peayjibraie
           2/ PaapyiueHHan BupaGoTaHHan no-
        pofla HJIH pyfla, noJiy^eHHan  B  pesyjib-
        Taxe BaphJBHbix paQox B  POPHOM nene.
           3/ B KanecTBe rjiarojia - BtJHHMarb
        HJIH yOnpaTb nopofly.
MULTIPLE-USE RESERVOIR

   A reservoir constructed and equip-
ped to provide storage and release
of water for two or more purposes,
such as flood control, power develop-
ment, navigation, irrigation, pollu-
tion abatement, and domestic water
supply.
        PE3EPBVAP MHOrOUEJIEBOrO  HCnOJIbSO-
        BflHHH

           Pesepsyap, xoxopufl  coopyweH H
        oGopy«OBaH ana xpaneHHH  H  nonycKa
              HcnoJibsyeMoft B
             ,  Kax Hanp.
                  npOH3BOflCTBO 3J16KIpO3Hep-
        THH,  H3BHraUHH, OpOUieHHe,  KOHTpOJlb
                                            HTfl.
                                        54

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                       N
 NAVIGABLE WATER

    Any stream, lake, arm of the sea,
 or other natural body  of water which
 is actually navigable  and which by
 itself or by its connections with
 other waters, for a period long
 enough to be of commercial value, is
 of sufficient capacity to float
 watercraft for the purposes of "
 commerce, trade, transportation or
 pleasure; or any waters which have
 been declared navigable by the
 Congress of the United States.
 CyflOXOflHblE BOflbl
          BOflOTOK,  O36PO,  MOpCKOft
 PyK3B HJ1H HUOfl  eCTeCTBGHHUH
 CM, npHroAHbifi fljiH  nnanamisi
 H/1H CVflOB. 3TOT TCPMHH
 BOflHtae nyTH, JIHOO  CBMH  no ce6e
 npnroflHue HJIH nepeflBHwemin
 JIHUO COeflHHBHHbie C flpyrHMH T3KHMH
 xe BOfloeMaMH; nyTH,  KOTOPLJG MoryT
      HcnojibsoBaHu  ana uejief) cyao-
         B TeieHHe  flocTaroino JIJIHH-
 HOTO nepnona epeMCHH H  xaKHM o&pa-
 3OM npHoOperaiOT xoMMep^ecKoe 3na-
 veHHe; nyTH, oQjiafla.ouiHe
 HOH eMKQCTbio fljiH cyaoB,
 flJiH npoMbiCJiOB HJIH  nnn ncpeaosKH
 rpyaoB H naccawiipOB. TepMHH 3TOT
 nOKpusaeT Jiioboft BOflHuB  nyrb, npn3-
 HaHHUft CyflOXOflHblM  B  CHJiy  nOCT3HO-
        KoHrpecca CU1A.
 NICKEL
                                             HHKEJIb
 NITRATE
                                             HHTPAT
NITRITE
                                             COJIb A30TMCTOH KMCJIOThJ (HHTPHT)
NON-POINT SOURCE

   A broad  source  of pollution, gen-
erally precipitation runoff from land.
Any source  of  pollution not charac-
terized as  a point source is defined
as a non-point source.
                                             HCTOqHHK HEOPrAHH30BAHHOrO CTOKA
   HCTOIHHK
xapaKTepa. OtJbiKHOBeHHO HMeeTca
BHfly npouecc  cTOi«a ocaflKOB c
JIH6O TeppHTOpHH.
   JlwOofl HCTO^HHK 3arpH3H6HHH, KO~
TOPUH H6 KJiaCCHtJJHUHpyeTCH K3K T0»iei-
HUH.
NONSETTLEABLE SOLIDS

   Finely divided  suspended solids
which will not subside  in quiescent
water or other liquid in a reasonable
period.  Such period is commonly,
though arbitrarily, taken as two
hours.
HEOCEflAlOlUHE TBEPflblE nPHMECH
          BSBeuieHHue TBepflbie
UiJ, KOTopue  He  oceaaiDT B
cn BOAe HJIH  npyrofi JKHHKOCTH B reve-
nue nopMa.nbHbix  npOMexcyTKOB BpeweHH.
KaK npaBH/io  ciHTaeTCH, ITO
oca>KaeHHH He AOJVKHO npeebiuiaTb
                                        55

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NUTRIENTS                                    nHTATEJlbHHE DE1HECTBA

   Elements or  compounds essential             3.neMeHTU IIJIH  cooAiinoiimi, noo,1xo-
as raw materials  for organism               aiinue KBK cupbo  RJIO. pocrn n
growth and development;  for example,        TMII opramiowa; nanpnMop
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and                Kiic^iopon, aooi1 11 (Ji
phosphorus.
                                        56

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OCEAN
OKEAH
   The great body  of  salt water which
occupies 71% of  the surface of the
earth.  One of the major subdivisions
of the World Ocean.   See:  sea.
   Macca co;ieHOfi BOJQU,
OKOJ1O  71 % SeMHOft nOBCpXHOCTH.  Ofl-
Ha H3  rjiaBHhix cocranHbix
MnpoBoro oxeaHa. CM. Mope.
ODOR COMTROL

    (1)  In water  treatment,  the elimin-
ation or reduction of odors in a water
supply  by aeration,  algae elimination,
superchlorination,  activated carbon
treatment,  etc.   (2)  In sewage treat-
ment, the prevention or reduction of
objectionable  odors by chlorination,
aeration, or other processes.
KOHTPOJlb 3AF1AXA

   I/ B npaKTHice  OIHCTKH BOB - 3TO
ycTpaHCHiie mitt yMeHbweHHe sanaxa
     nyreM ywmiTOKeHHH Bojaopocjiefl ,
         cynepxjiopHHHpoBaHHH, oOpa-
OOTKH aKTHBHUM HJ1OM,  HTfl.
      B npaKTHKe  oCpaOoTKH CTOHIIUX
      3TO npenoTBpameHHe HJIH HOHH-
      ypoBHH  HeKeJiaTSJibnoro aanaxa
    nOMOIUH XJlOpHHHpOBaHHH, 33P3UHH
H flpyrux npoueccoB.
    2/
OIL

   Oil of any kind or  in any  form,
including  petroleum,  fuel, oil,
sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixed
with wastes.  One of the major
pollutants of lakes, rivers,  seas
and shores.
                                            HEOTb
    He$Tenpo«yKT B jiioCoM anna,  BKJIK>-
     cupyio HG(])Tt, Maayr,
 Macjia,  HTfl, xaKwe KBK H
 H6(])TenpOMbiiuneHHOCTH H HeOxenponyK-
 xta,  cMemaHHue c flpyrnMH oxxoflawH.
 Hecj)Tb H He$TenpOflyKTU HBJIHIOTCH
 OAHHM HS OCHOBHUX sarpnsHHTejief)
 BOflOeMOB, BOflOTOKOB, MOpeft  H
            BOH .
ORGANIC MATTER

   Substances of  animal  or vegetable
origin.
OPrAHHfECKOE  BE1UECTBO

   BeiuecTBO XHBOTHoro HJIH
HOTO
OUTFALL LINE

   The pipe carrying  effluent from
a sewage plant to  the receiving
waters.
BUBOflHOfl BOflOOTBOa


   Tpy6a, OTBOflHma
CTOMHbie BOflU H3  BOflOOIMCTHOrO CO~
         B BOflOnpH6MHHKH.
OUTPUT

   The quantity  or amount produced by
a process.
 BbinVCK

    KojmwecTBO  nnti  oOteM,  BtjpaOo-
 xaHHbie KaKHM-jiH&o  npoueccoM.
OVERFLOW

   Generally,  the  flow into a bypass
(and discharged without treatment)
that results from  a  hydraulic
overloading of a combined  sewer as
a result of wet weather flow.
HEPEJIMB

   KaK npaanjio,  nepexeKaHHo CTOI-
HUX BOB B oOxoflHbift  KaHaji,  Kyfla
OHM nona«a:oT Oea oopaOOTKH. Hepe-
TexaHHe obycjiosjieHO neperpyaKoft
oGiuecnJiaDHhix KOJuieKTopos B peayjib-
Taxe_ npHTOKa JiHBHeBux BOB.
                                       57

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OXIDANT

   A substance, as dissolved oxygen,
nitrate, sulfate, etc.,  which gives
up oxygen in the oxidation  of organ-
ic matter.
OKHCJIHTEJIb

   BeinecTBO, KaK  nanp.  pacTBOpemiufl
KHCJlOpOfl, 1IHTP3T,  Cyjlb<])aT,  HT«,
KOTOpoe OTjaaex KHCJIOPOJI npn OKHCJIE-
KHM oprammecKoro
 OXYGEN BALANCE

    (1)  The relation between the bio-
 chemical oxygen demand of a sev/age,
 or  treatment plant effluent, and  the
 oxygen available in the diluting
 water.   (2)  The difference between
 the total dissolved oxygen content
 and the total first-stage oxygen
 demand at a given point at the same
 time,  or during the same time period,
 both expressed in the same term of
 concentration.
KHCJlOPOflHblfl  ERJTAHC

   I/ OTUOUICHH6 MBWfly GHOXIIMHleCKHM
noTpeGjiOHHeM KHcnopoua u CTOMHHX
HJIH oOpaOoTaHHbix Boaax H KOJIHMGCT-
BOM nocTynnoro KHCJiopoaa B paaGa-
         none.
   2/ PaanocTb Me«ay nonHUM conep-
       paaOaBJieHHoro Knc.nopo.ua H
       noTpeisJienHew Kucjiopoaa Ha
nepaou CTaflWK B 3a«aHnoK TOHKG a
OJIHO H TO ate BpeMJi HJIH B Te>ieHne
oflHoro H Toro we nepnona BPGMCHH
npw OHHHaKOBUx ycjiOBMfix
UHH.
OXYGEH  DEPLETIOM

   Loss of dissolved oxygen from
water or  sewage,  due to biochemical
action.
MCTOIUEHHE KHCJIOPOJTA
           pacTtiopcHHoro
 B  sojue HJIH CTOIIHUX Bonax B
 T3T6  OHOXHMM^eCKHX BOSfleftCTDHfl .
                                         58

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PARAMETER
                                            HAPAMETP
    tai individual substance or
condition (physical,  chemical or
biological  in nature)  for which a
value will  be set in  a water quality
criterion.
CBOBCTED,  (J>U3H4eCKOe,
HJIH  GhOJiorn4ecxoe no caocMy  cyme
CTBV,  KOTOpoo npeflCTaajiJieTca B
BHHS onpeflejiemiofl asMWiHU, yin-
          B KpmepHHx KavteciBa
PARATHION
    Insecticide and acaricide.
                                            nAPAOHOH
                 anapnu.ua.
PCBs_

   Polychlorinated  biphenyls,  a group
of organic  compounds  used ir. the man-
ufacture of plastics.   In the  environ-
ment, PCBs  exhibit  many of the same
characteristics  as  DDT and may, there-
fore, be confused with that pesticide.
PCBs are highly  toxic to aquatic life,
they persist in  the environment for
long periods of  time,  and they are
biologically accumulative.
                                            nOJlHXJlOPHPOBAHHUE EHiepe3  nOMBy.  IlpoSbi ua
      naiOT BOSMOJKHOCTB
B COCTOHHHH JIH DOME 3
norjiomaTb  nocrynaioiutie B nee noBepx-
Hocrntie  cxoMHbic
PERSISTEMT  PESTICIDE

   A pesticide  that lingers in the
environment.  DDT,  for example, does
not deteriorate but works its way
up the  food chain  through various
animals.  The pesticide remains
stored  in the fatty tissues of these
animals, including  man,  forever.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are
persistent, while organic phosphate
pesticides  are  not.
                                                        riECTHUHfl
              KOTOpblH
 B oKpyuaumeft cpeae Ha
 Hoe speMS. Hanp. flflT ne paspyaaeTCH
 nojiHOCTbw, HO 4epe3 uenb nHiaHHH
 nepeHOCHTcn B opraHHSM HHBOTHIJX H
           rne OH Hascerna
        B KHpOBblX TK3HHX.
        yr/ieBoaopoau npHHanjienaT K
      yCTOfl^HBEjlX neCTHUHHOB,  B  TO
       KBK opraHmiecKHe
           He
Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Lab Library
College Station Road
Athens, GA  30613
                                        59

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 PESTICIDE
 HECTHUHfl
    An agent used to control  pests.
 This includes insecticides for  use
 against harmful insects; herbicides
 for weed control; fungicides for
 control of plant diseases; rodent-
 icides for' killing rats, mice,  etc.;
 and germicides used in disinfectant
 products,  algicides, slirricices,  etc.
 Some pesticides can contaminate water,
 air or soil and accumulate in man,
 animals and the environment,  particu-
 larly if they are misused.   Certain of
 these chemicals interfere with  the
 reproductive processes of predatory
 birds and  possibly other animals.
    XI1MHK3T flJIH OOpbOhl C BpGflHUMH
 opraiiHSMaMH.  BK/wmaeT raxi-ie
 TOPHH :   HHCGKTHUHflbJ - RJlfl
 c BpeflHbiMii' nacexoMUMH; rcpGHU.n#iii -
 flJIH GopbOU C  COpHHKaMIIJ fyy HTHUHflbl
 H.JIK OOpbObl C  rpHGllblMH OOJieDHHMH
            pojueiiTHUHflhi - ann HCTPC-
        xpbic H apyr-HX rpuaynoB;
 H repMHUHfltj - ynoTpeGjiHeMbie B Ka-
           suHAnmipykJiMHx cpejjcTB;
            oxBaibieaioT Taxwe ajifarw-
      H XHMHKaTbl flJIH HCTpeOJlGHUH
    HeKoxopbie BHflbj nccTiiuHflon
 3arpH3HHTi. Bony, BO3flyx, novisy  H
 CKannHsaTbCH B opramisMe nejioscKa
 H JKHBOTHUX H BOOCme B OKpyxaiOlUeH
 cpefle,  B  ocoueHHOCTH npii HX nenpa-
 BHJlbHOM npHMeHGHMH. HeKOTOplde XHMH-
 KaTbl BpeflHT npoueccaM paaMHOweHHH
 XHIUHUX  HTHU,  a B03MOXIIO H flpyPHX
 3KHBOTHblX.
 PESTICTDE TOLERANCE

    A scientifically and legally
 established limit for the amount
 of chemical residue that can be
 permitted to remain in or on a
 harvested food or feed crop as a
 result of the application of a
 chemical for pest-control purposes.
 Such tolerances or safety levels,
 established federally by EPA, are
 set well below the point at which
 residues might be harmful to
 consumers.
BtdHOCJlHBOCTb K HECTHUHflAM


   HayMHO  H 33KOHHO yCT3HOBJleHHbIH
npeneji nnn xmwmecKHx ocTaTKOB,
KOTOpufl AOnycKaeTCH Ha HJIH B CHHTHX
c nojiefi nponyKTax nHTaHHH HJIH  xop-
MOBux KynbTypax,  noflBepriuwxcji  B
CBOe BPSMH BOSneflCTBHlf) XHMHK3TOB
flJIH OOpbObl C BpeflHTe^HMH. VpOBHH
BblHOCJIHBOCTH,  BBefleHHUS HO BC6H
CTpaHe AreHTCTBOM no sauwTe oxpy-
ataiomefl cpeflu,  ycTanaBJinBauTCR  ana-
HHTeJlbHO HHW6 TOft TO4KH, KOTfla T3~
KH6 OCT3TKH MOTJIH Obi
BpeflHblMH flJIH
 E»

    The logarithm  (base  10)  of the
 reciprocal of the hydrogen  ion
 activity (or concentration)  in
 grams per liter.  pH values
 below 7 indicate an acid  condition,-
 above 7, alkaline.
 KOHUEHTPAUHfl BOflOPOflHblX flOHOB
 (BOflOPQJlHblf-l nOKA3ATEJlbl
                              jiora-
      aKTHBHOCTH HJIH  KOHUSHTpaUHH
 HOHOB Bonopona, B  rpawiax Ha Jiitxp.
 0&o3Ha>iaeTcn pH. BejiHUHHbi pH HHxte
 7 yKaSblBaiOT Ha KHCJIOTHOCTb paCTBO-
 pa,  Bbnue 7  - Ha
PHENOL WASTES

   Industrial  wastes containing
phenols, derived chiefly from coking
processes.
 OEHOJlOBblE OTXOflbl
         nojiyMCHMbie  rjiasHUM oopaaoM
 B  peayjibTare KOKCosajibHbix npoueccoc.
PHOSPHATE
                                            OOCOAT
                                        60

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PHTHALATE ESTERS
                                             CJIOXHUE JnKaTopoB,
 B  OCOOCHKOCTH B nOJlHBMHHJlXJIOpHflllUX
PHYSICAL  ANALYSIS

   An  examination of water and sew-
age  to determine the physical charac-
teristics, 'such as temperature, tur-
bidity, color,  odor, and taste.
$H3HVIECKHft  AHAJ1H3

   HccjieflOBamie BOHU HJIH CTOMHMX
BOA win onpeaejieHHH ux n3nvtecxnx
xapaxTepHCTHK,  xax nanp. TeMnepa-
rypfai, MyTHOCTH,  OKpacKH, sanaxa 11
BKyca.
PNEUMATIC EJECTOR

   A device for  raising sewage,
sludge, or other liquid by alternate-
ly admitting such  through an inward
swinging check valve  into the bottom
of an airtight pot,  then discharging
it through an outward swinging check
valve by admitting compressed air to
the pot above the  liquid.
IHIEBMATHIECKHH jKEKTOP

   VCTpOftCTBO  flJlH nOflHHTHfl CTO^UhJX
BOH, HJia HJIH flpyroa JXMAKOCTH. VCTpoB-
CTBO nonepeMSHHo TO BnycxaeT
KOCTI, vcepea noBopa^nBani4Hftca
CTonopHhifi KjianaH Ha HHO repweTHie-
CKoro CaKa, .TO BtjnycKaeT wHaxocrb

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POLLUTION
3ArPfl3HEIIHE BOflbl ^EJIOBEKOM
   The man-made or man-induced alter-
ation of the chemical,  physical, bio-
logical, and radiological integrity
of water.
    JlOlJLJC lICpeMCHbl B BOJ4HOH
HenocpeucTBemio HJIH nocpeflCTsemio
                                  ,
Koropue yxyfliua:jT xHMHiccKHe,  GHOJIO-
rH4ecKne H paflHOJiorHHccKHe napaMe-
TphJ  ^HCTOThJ BOjQbl.
POLLUTION  INDEX

   A criterion  by which may be
measured the  degree of pollution
in a stream,  as indicated by
bacterial  counts,  plankton, bio-
chemical oxygen demand, or quantity
of dissolved  oxygen.
HHflEKC 3ArPH3HEHHfl

   KpHTepuft,  npHMeHnewuH ana. ou.cn-
KH ypOBHH  SarpHSHeilHH BOflOTOKa.
OcHOBbmaexcH  tia cieie uaKTepnH,
nJiaHKTOHc,  OHOXMMimecKOM nOTpeCMie-
HHH KHCJlOpOfla HJIH KOJlHUBCTBe P3C~
TBOpeHHoro KHCJiopona.
POLLUTION LOAD

    (1) The quantity  of polluting
material discharged  into a body of
water.   (2) The  pollutant load imposed
upon sewage treatment works.
    \l  KOJIH'ieCTBO
COpOUISHHOrO B BOflOSM HJIH  BOflOTOK.
    2/  3arpH3HHioiuas narpysio  Ha
ycTaHOBicy oCpaCoxxH CTOWHUX  BOA.
POND

    (1) A body  of water of limited
size either  naturally confined and
usually smaller than a lake.  (2) To
gather together into a pond; small
impoundments for a source of water
for livestock  and for other uses
on farms.  Pond is also applied to
bodies of  water created for feeding
and nesting  grounds for waterfowl,
and for hatching and containing fish.
The term millpond is in use for
small impoundments created for
generating power for grist mills
and saw mills.
    I/ B xa^ecTBe
HeOoJibuioft BOjjoeM B ecxecTBeHHOM
HJIH HcyccTseHHO cosflaHHOM  yrjiyGjie-
HHH,  06tJKHOB6HHO MBHbUie  46M O36PO.
HJIH:  HeGoJibiiioft BOfloeM, cjiywamnft
M6CTOM BOAOnOH flJIH CKOT3 HJIH yilOT-
            IH flpyrnx
          uejiefl.  npyflOM
       BOJ4O6MU, HBJlHiOinHGCH  MGCTOM
          BOJAHUX HTHU HJIH HpeflH33-
          flJlH  pUOHOTO XO3HHCTBa.
            npyflOM nasuBaiOT He6oJib-
tuoft BOJ4O&M nnn npoH3BOflcxBa JHep-
PHH JJJ1H MCJIbHHU H JieCOnHJIOK.
    2/ B Ka^ecTBe rJiaroJia:  obpasoBbi-
B3Tb npya,  neperopaxcHBaTb  sanpyjjon.
POPULATION EQUIVALENT

   A figure which equates the speci-
fic or unit volume of waste from an
industrial process to the number of
people generating an equivalent
amount of sewage.
3KBHBAJIEHT HACEJIEHHfl IIP 3ArPfl3HEHH10

   IHCJIO,  xoTOpoe cpasHHsaeT  cnc-
UHtHiecKvu enHHHuy oObeMa orxonoB
KaKoro-JinOo npOHSBoncTBeiiHoro npo-
uecca c IIICJIOM jiKweft, cnocoOHbix
CO3fl3Tb 3KBHBaJIGHTHOe KOJIHMBCTBO
OTXOHOB.
                                        62

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 POSITION OF SAMPLE
 MECTO OTBOPA HPOB
    Point where a sampling or
 measurement is made.
    MecTO flJisi H3MepenHft HJIH
 npo6.
    Parts per million.   The  unit com-
 monly used to represent the degree of
 pollutant concentration where the con-
 centrations are small.
 HACTHU HA MHJIJ1HOH  (MHJijmrpaMOB
 Ha 1 JIHTP")
            , BhipaHtaiowan  cxeneHb
           HaxoflHTcn  B  cpejae B
 Jiux
POTABLE  WATER

   Water which does not contain
objectionable pollution,
contamination,  minerals, or
infection,  and is considered
satisfactory for domestic consumption.
 HHTbEBAfl BOflA

     Boaa, KOTOpan He conep*nT  Hexce-
 HJIH BOSByflHTeJieft bOJieSHGH H CIHTaeTCH
 TaKHM oGpasoM npHTOHHOft fljin ObiTOBoro
 JlOJIbSOBaHHH.
PRETREATMENT

   In waste water treatment, any
process used  to  reduce pollution
load before the  waste water is
introduced into  a main sewer system
or delivered  to  a treatment plant
for substantial  reduction of the
pollution load.
 IIPEflOMHCTKA

    B npaKTHKe oOpauoTKH CTOIHMX
 son, 3TO npouecc yMeHbuienHH  3arpa-
 aiiHtouieft HarpyaKH HO OTsona
 BOH JIHOO B rjiaBHyio
 CHCTBMy JIHQO B yCTaHOBKy HJIH O*IHCT-
 KH c nejibio cymecTBeHHoro
PRIMARY TREATMENT

   The first  stage in waste water
treatment in  which substantially all
floating or settleable solids are
mechanically  removed by screening
and sedimentation.
                                            TIEPBTOHAH 01HCTKA
           CTaflHH OOpaOOTKH CTOVHUX
son,  Ha KOTopofi npowcxoflMT 3nain-
TeJitHoe ,  noiTH ITO nojiHoe y«ajieHne
acex  $noTnpyiomnx H oceaawiuHx  ^acTHu
HJIH TIPH noMOuiH npoceHBaiOiunx peiue-
HOK HJIH MSTOflOM
PRIVATE WATER  SUPPLY

   A water supply  from which water
is not available to the people at
large, its location and outlets
being on private property to which
the general public does not have
access or legal right of entry.
lACTHHfl  HCTO'iHHK BOflOCHAEKEHHH

    MCTOVIHHK BonocnaujKemiH, Boaa
KOTOporo He nocTynna UHpoxofi ny-
OJ1HK6 flJJH nOJlb3OBaHHH.  TaKOfl HC-
TO^IHHK pacnoJioweH Ha lacTHOBJia-
nejibiecitoM yqacTKe,  Kyaa no 3aKOHy
ne  paapeuiaeTCH aaxoflHTb nocTopOH-
HHM JIHU3M.
PROCESS CHANGE

   A reduction in the type or amount
of pollutants produced  resulting
from a change in manufacturing
procedures or raw materials used.
                                            H3MEHEHHE HPOUECCA
            ofrbeMa  HJIH  Tuna sa-
TpH3HHTeJiefl, ' HBJiniOIHHeCH CJIGflCTBHeM
            B  TeXHOJlOFHH npOHSBOfl-
         npoueccofl  HJIH  B THne yno-
                                        63

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PROTECTION  AND PROPAGATION OF A
BALANCED  COMMUNITY OF FISH, SHELLFISH,
AND WILDLIFE

   Part of  the 1983 goal of water
quality.
 HEPOnPHEITHfl HO 3A1UHTE H  PA3BEflEHH10
 PUB,  PAKOOEPA3HMX, MOJUHOCKOB,  nTHO.
 H flHKHX XIIBOTHblX flJlfl C03flAlH1«  3KQ-
 JlOrHVlECKH CBAJlAHCHPOBAHHOrO  COOB-
 UIECTBA
                                                VlacTb ueJieHanpasjieHHofi  nporpaMMH
                                                      BOOU iia 1983  ron.
PUBLIC  HEALTH AND WELFARE

   The  prevailing healthful or sani-
tary condition of the community at
large,  as  well as the general state
of conditions governing public well-
being.
OEIUECTBEHHOE 3flOPOBbE H EJlArOCOCTO-
flHHE

   CymecTByiomne aaopOBue H
epy neHTeJib-
HOCTH BXOflHT X3KW8 OpHMSHeHHe JllOoOft
             npenoxspameHMH HJIH no-
         oo'beMa BuopacbiBaeMux sarpn-
          H flJIH OBpaOOTKH, OTflejlSHHJI
H yaaiieHHH npOMhmineiiHbix H KOMMyHajib
HblX OTXOflOB,  JIHBHeBtJX CTOKOB H CTOVI-
    BOH  oQiqecnjiaBHbLX CHCTBM.
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY

   A water supply  from which water
is available to  the people at large.
JCOMHyHAJIbHOE  BOflOCHAEKEHHE
PUBLICLY OWNED  LAKES

   Lakes to which the public has
access and not  under private control.
03EPA OElUCCTBEHHOn COBCTBEHHOCTH

   Dsepa OTKptGxoro noJib3OBaHHH,
i.e. He
•36CKHMH .
                                        64

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RADIOACTIVE SPRING
                                            PAflHOAKTHBIIblfl  HCTCHHHK
   A spring whose water  has an abnor-
mally high and easily  measurable radi-
oactivity.
   POflHHK,  BOflU KOTOpOrO
wpesBhmaflHO BUCOKOB H jierxo onpe-
JQejlHMOH paAHOaKTHBHOCTblO.
RADIOACTIVITY

   The property possessed by some
elements  (as uranium)  of spontaneously
emitting  alpha  or beta rays and some-
times also  gamma rays  by the disin-
tegration of the nuclei of atoms.
PAflHOAKTHBHOCTb

   CBOftCTBO  H6KOTOPHX SJieNieHTOB,
K3K Hanp. ypana,  caMonpon3BOJibHO
          iy^H  ajibjia HJIH OCTB, a
       H  raMMa,  B pcayjitxaTe pac-
     aTOMHoro  anpa.
RAW  SEWAGE

   Untreated domestic or commercial
waste water.
 HEOEPAEOTAUHHtl CTOK

    Heo6pa£5oTanHBie c TOM Hue
 XOastlCTBeHHO-OhlTOBblX HJIH TOproBKX
 OitSKTOB.
 RECEIVING WATERS

    Rivers, lakes, oceans or other
 bodies that receive treated or
 untreated waste waters.
                                             HPHEMIIHKH CTOHHUX
          osepa H oKeami  H  apyrue
          KOTOpue SBJifl^Tcn  npHeMHH-
      odpaSoTaHHux H HeoeSpaSoTaHHHX
 CTOHHHX BOR .
 RECLAIM

    To recover land from an undesira-
 ble state;  to undertake the reclama-
 tion of land; for example, to drain
 wet land or irrigate arid land to
 make it useful for agricultural
 purposes.
MEJIMOPHPOBATb

   BocciaHOBHTb aeMJilo, npespaTHB
ee us  HestanaT&nbHoro COCTOHHHH B
jKeJiaxenbHoe;  ynymiHTb npnpoflHbie
caoftCTBa  3eMHH.  HanpHMep: ocyuiHTt
H30HT01HO yBJia>KHeHHbie aewjiw HJIH
OpOCHTb apHAHbie 36MJ1H B U6J1HX
CO3fl3HHH  OjiaronpHHTHblX yCJlOBHfi
 RECREATION

    Leisure or non-occupational
 activity.
 OTJlblX
                 wa nocyre,  He  CBH-
        CO
 RECREATION IN AND ON THE WATER

    Boating, fishing, swimming, and
 part of the 1983 goal of water
 quality.
                                            OTflbJX Hfl BOflE H B BOflE
             cnopT, pbi6nan JIOBJIH  H
 KynaHHe.  SuevieHT uejiesofi nporpaMMu
 no  KaMecTBy BOAU Ha 1983 ron.
                                         65

-------
 RECREATION ON THE WATER
                                             OTflbJX HA BOJjE
    Boating, fishing, but not body
 contact.
HO
           JIOBJJH,
       KynaHHC.
                                                                        cnopr,
 RELIEF  SEWER

    A sewer .intended to carry a por-
 tion of the  flow from a district
 already provided with sewers of in-
 sufficient capacity,  and thus prevent
 overtaxing the  latter.
BCnOMOrATEJlbHbin KOJ1J1EKTOP
   KojiJieKTopnait cHCTBMa jgjin OTuo.ua
HeKOTOpOfl ^aCTH CTOKO13 H3 pflHOHa,
rne HMeioTcn jiHiut ManoraOapnTHidG
           ,tui« OTBona CTOMHUX BOA;
                KOJIJIGKTOP npenoTspa
     neperpysKy
KOJlJieiCTOpOB.
 RESERVOIR

    A pond,  lake,  tank,  basin, or
 other space,  either natural in its
 origin, or  created in whole or in
 part by the building of engineering
 structures, which is used for
 storage, regulation, and control
 of water.
PE3EPBVAP

    npyfl,  osepo,  UHciepHa, OacceflH
HJIld HHOft BOflOSM,  HU6O O6pa3OBaBUJHfl-
CH SCTeCTUeHHblM CHOCO5OM, JIH5O
nocTpoeHHhifl  HCKyccTBBHHO, nojiHOCTMO
HJ1H qaCTMHHO,  B (JjOpMB FHflpOTeXHH-
        coopyxeHHH  H ynoTpeBjiHeMbift
    xpaHennH,  peryjinpoBaHMH H pacxo-
AOB3HHK BOflbl.
 RESIDUAL ERRORS

    Errors which remain  in an
 observation despite  all attempts
 to eliminate  them.
 OCTATOIHUIE nOrPEillHOCTH

    OumCKH, xoTopue  ocTauTCH npw
             H KOTOPUS He nozma-
      ycTpaneHHio  H6CMOTPH na see
 nOHHTKH.
RESIDUALS

   Those organic and  inorganic
solids, liquids or gases  produced
during a normal process as  unwanted
waste products which  are  deposited
in the environment unless recycled.
OCTATOMHHE  OTXOflbl
Bemecxsa,
                 H
                 H ra3oo6pa3HKie
           no/iyviaeMue B peayji&T
                  npoueccos, HO
cOpacbisaeMbie  KBK
      3TH  BemecTsa He
    obopOTHoro ncnojifa3oaaHHH, OHH
          3arpH3HHTejiHMM
cpeau.
  RIPARIAN

     Pertaining to anything connected
  with or adjacent to the banks of a
  stream or other body of water; a
  riparian owner is one who owns the
  banks;  a riparian right is the right
  to control and use water by virtue
  of the ownership of the bank or banks.
nPHBPEiKHblK

   OTHOCHTCH K npHOpeamoft nojioce
PGKH  HJIH  HHOFO BOfloerna H xo BceMy
              Ha 3x08 nojioce. Bjia-
        npn6pewnofi nojiocu
coocTBeHHHKOM dcpera. Ilpasa
flejibua  npnGpoKHOil nojiocu
npaso xoHTpoJiH 11 noJihsoBaHHH sonofi
B cmiy  npasa COGCTBGHHOCTII na  BTOT
Geper H^H Oepera.
                                         66

-------
RIVER BASIN
                                            PE1HOH BACCEHH
   A term used to designate  the
area drained by a river  and  its
tributaries.  See drainage.
   TepMHH, npHMeHnewbin  j\nn oooaiia
      TepplITOpHH, OTKyfla IIPOHCXO-
    CTOK BOH B KaKyKi-JiHGo p
RIVER STAGE

   The height  of  water surface of a
stream above some arbitrary datum.
yPOBEHb BOflOTOKA

   Bucoxa BOflHOft  noBepxHocxw BOJOO-
TOKa nan npouasoJibHO ycxaiiosjieHHWM
                oxcnexa.
ROUGH FISH

   Those  fish species considered to
be of poor  fighting quality when
taken on  tackle or of poor eating
quality;  for  example, gar, suckers,
etc.  Most  rough fish are more
tolerant  of widely changing environ-
mental conditions than are game fish.
COPHA51  PIJUA

   Te COPT8  pbl(5,  KOTOpUe CMMXan-TCJI
naJiocT>eflOOHbiMn  H  uaJionpiiroflHbiMH
A-dH cnopxiiBHoii  JIOBJIH, I«K naup.
copran,  nppMiinaJio,  HTfl. Eo.nbiiiiiHCTBO
COpHhIX  PU6 OT.flHHaiv.TCfl iO/iee BUCOKOli
                K  nepeuenau B OKpy-
        cpefle ien  puim P.JIR cnoprneHoii
JIOBJIH .
 RUNOFF

    (1) That portion of the earth's
 available water supply that  is
 transmitted through natural  surface
 channels.  In the general sense
 it is defined as that portion of
 the precipitation which is not
 absorbed by the deep strata  but
 finds its way into the streams after
 meeting the persistent demands of
 evapo-transpiration including
 interception and other losses.  It
 includes surface runoff received
 into the channels after rainfall,
 delayed runoff that enters the
 streams after passing through
 portions of the earth, and other
 delayed runoff that has been
 temporarily detained as snow-cover
 or stored in natural lakes or
 swamps.   Some writers define runoff
 to include both direct runoff and
 ground-water runoff.   (2)  Total
 quantity of runoff during a
 specified time.   (3)   The discharge
 of water in surface streams usually
 expressed in inches depth on the
 drainage area or as volume in such
 terms  as cubic feet or acre feet.
 (4)  That part of the precipitation
 which  runs off 'the surface of a
 drainage area.
CTOK

    I/ qacTb o6mHX sanacoB Bonu Ha
seNuie, nepeMeiuawmancH B <]>opMe ecTe-
CTseHHoro CTexaHHH no noBepxHOCTHUM
pycjiaM. B UJHPOKOM cMbicne STOFO CJID-
Bd, CTOKOM  Ha3bIB310T Ty MaCTb OCaflKOB,
KOTOpan He  EnHTfaisaeTCH TOjnuea noiBO-
rpyHTa, a nonanaeT B BOHOTOKH, c yie-
TOM npoueccoB HcnapeHHH H xpaHcnHpa-
UHH H flpyPHX BOflOnOTSpb, BKJI10iecxBO CTOKB 33 ycxa-
    3/ CbpOC BOflbl  C  nOBCpXHOCTHUX
DOflOTOKOlJ, BhlpawaroiUHflCH B J3IOHM3X
        Ha njiomaAb soflocuopa HJIH B
         oOiieMa, KSK nanp. B Kyoii-
       (fyxax HJIH aKpo$yTax.
   4/ Ta vacxi>  OC^UKOB, Koxopaw cxe-
Kaei c nosepxHocTH
                                         67

-------
RUNOFF RATE

   The volume of water running off in
a unit of time  from a  surface, ex-
pressed in inches  depth per hour,
cubic feet per  second,  cubic feet per
second per square  mile,  or other
units.
CKOPOCTb CTOKA

   CKOpocTb  noCTynJiGHHn CTOKa;
BupawaeTCH D eamiHuax BPGMCHH na
        njioma«H,  nanp.  B wofiMax
        33 OflHH  M3C ,  HJ1H B KyGH~
HGCKHX Qyrax B cexyiuiy, HJIH B Ky-
CiiMecKHx (tyxax B  ceKynny na
paTnyio MHJI;O,  HTR.
RUNOFF VOLUME

   The total quantity or volume of
runoff during a  specified time.  It
may be expressed in acre-feet, in
inches depth on  the drainage area, or
in other units.
OEbEM CTOKA

   CyMMapubaft  o6i>eM HJIH oGiuee KOJIH-
       CTOKa  33 onpeflejiemibifi npo-
        BpeM6HH.  MOJX6T CblTb nOflflH
B aKpo
-------
 SALINE CONTAMINATION

    Contamination by intrusion of
 salt water.  See salt wedge.
3ArP33HEHIIE COJIEHblMH BOflAHH

   3arpH3HCHHe,  co3flannoe  BKJIHIIII-.
saHHeM cojieHbix BOA- CM. KJIHH  CDJIC-
HOft  BOW.
 SALINITY

    The relative concentration  of
 salts,  usually sodium chloride,
 in  a given water.  It is expressed
 in  terms of the number of  parts
 per million of chlorine  (Cl).
COJTEHOCTb

   OTHOCHTeJItHaH KOHU.eHTpaU.HH
co/iefl, OOUVIHO xjiopHCToro HaTpim,
B onpeflejieHHOfl Macce BOAM. Bupa-
       B eflHHHuax xjiopa Ha MHJUIHOH.
SALT BAL7-NCE

   The  difference between the  total
dissolved solids brought to the  land
annually  by the irrigation water and
the total solids carried away  annual-
ly by the drainage water.
                                             COJIEBOfl EAJIAHC
   PasHOCTb MextAy HOJIHUM
pacTBOpeHHux TsepAux npHMecefl,
nonaBuiHX Ha aeMeJibHue ywacTKH
BM6CT6 C OpOCHTeJlbHblMH BOA3MH ,
H nOJIHUM KOJIH16CTBOM TBEp«blX B6~
UteCTB, BblHOCHMblX eXefOflHO
SALT WATER  INTRUSION

   The invasion of salt water into
a body of fresh water, occurring  in
either surface or groundwater bodies.
When this invasion is caused by
oceanic waters, it is called sea
water intrusion.
                                             BKJ1HHHBAHHE COJIEHblX BOfl
            BKJIHHHBaHHH COJieHOfl
     B  Maccy npecHOfi BOBBI jinGo
nosepxHocTHoro jiwOo rpyHTOsoro
BOAOeMa HJ1H BOflOTOKa. ECJIH  B
npecHyw Bony BKJinnnBaeTCH sona
OKeana,  Toraa MU TOBOPHM o  BKJIH-
HHBaHHH MOpCKOft BOflbl.
SALT WEDGE

   Surface intrusion of salt water
into a normally  fresh body of water,
e.g. an estuary.
                                             KJ1HH COJIEHOfl  BOfltJ
                  nponnKHOBenHe
cojieHbix BOA  B  Maccy npecHoft DOAU
    uopMaJibHbix ycjiOBHHX, Hanp.  B
       3CjyapneB.
SANITARY  SEWAGE

    (1) Domestic sewage with storm
and surface  water excluded.
(2) Sewage discharging from the
sanitary  conveniences of dwellings
(including apartment houses and
hotels),  office buildings factories,
or institutions.   (3) The water
supply of a  community after it has
been used and discharged into a
sewer.
CAHHTAPHO-EblTOBblE CTCHIHblE BOflbl

     I/  Xo3(]>eiei
-------
SANITARY SEHER

   A sewer which carries  sewage and
to which storm, surface,  and ground
waters are not intentionally admit-
ted.
               KOJ1J1EKTOP
    KOJIJICKTOP HJin OTBona CTOWHL.IX
BOH,  Kyaa HaMepeHHO HC cBpacbiBa-
IOTCH  JIHDHeDbie, nOBCpXHOCTIIbie HJlll
rPVHTOBbie BOAK.
SATURATED  SOIL

   A  soil  which has its interstices
or void  spaces filled with water to
the point  where runoff occurs.
                                            HACbllllEHHAfl
          pacmeJiHHbi HJIH nopu KOTO-
poft aanojiHeiiti  Bonofl AO Taxoro
             oOpasycxcJi CTOK.
SCUM

   The layer of  film of extraneous or
foreign matter which rises to the
surface of a liquid  or is formed
there.
HEHA

   Cnoft  HJIH rmemca nocxopOHHero
HJIH My»epoflHoro aemecTBa, KOTOPOC
           H K noBepxHOCTH HJIH  oOpa-
       Ha nosepxnocTH JKHAKOCTH .
SCUM COLLECTOR

   A mechanical  device for skimming
and removing  scum from the surface
of settling tanks.
                                             MEXAHH3M flJIfl yflAJIEHHfl  OEHbl
                 npucnocoCjieniie
flJIH COOHpaHHH H CHHM2HHH
c  nosepxHOCTH OTCTORHMKOB.
SEA

    (1) See ocean.  (2)  A large body
of salt water,  second in rank to
an ocean, more  or  less landlocked
and generally part of, or connected
with, an ocean  or  a larger sea.
(3) Waves caused by wind at the
place and time  of  observation.
(4)  State of the  ocean or lake
surface, in  regard to waves.
HOPE

    I/ CM.
    2/ Kpynnan Macca cojienofi
MeHbme oiceaHa no paaMepaM,
oOocoejieHHan  cyuiefl. HsjiaeTca
KaKoro-jin6o oxeaua HTIH 6ojiee Kpyn
HOTO MOPH.
    3/ BOJIHbl  BbI3BaHHbie B6TPOM B
K3KOM-JIHQO  Ha6jIK)flaTeJ!bHOM
B onpene/ieHHoe apeMH.
    4/ CocTOHHMe nouepXHOCTH
HJIH 03epa C TOHKH 3PSHH« BOJ1H6HMH
SEASONAL VARIATION

   The gradual change in the climate
of a given locality  occurring over
an extended period of time.   The
general pattern of a particular.
climatological element throughout
the year, obtained by plotting the
normal values of  the element for
each month and connecting the points
by a smooth curve.
KOJIEEAHHH  KJ1HMATA
   IlocTeneHHbie
B K3KOH-J1HGO M6CTHOCTH H3
      BecbMa npoflOJmHTeJibnoro ne-
   OQma«  KapxHHa KOJieSaiiHit onpe-
neneHHoro KJiHMaTHMccKoro napaMCTpa
na npOTn»eHHH: oflHoro ro^a. tlpejacTa-
        B 4>opMe crjiaxceHHOft KPHBOH,
                                            Horo  napaMeTpa, HaHOCHMtae e*eMecn»i-
                                            HO  na
                                        70

-------
SECONDARY  TREATMENT
BTQPIHJIIAH OEPACOTKA
   Waste water treatment, beyond  the
primary stage, in which bacteria
consume the  organic parts of  the
wastes.  This biochemical action  is
accomplished by use of trickling
filters or  the activated sludge
process.  Effective secondary  treat-
ment removes virtually all floating
and settleable solids and approxi-
mately 90 percent of both 8005 and
suspended solids.  Customarily,
disinfection by chlorination  is  the
final stage  of the secondary  treat-
ment process.
   ObpaGoTKa cTomibix now  nocjie
ncpnnmion  OUPOIJOTKH, c npiiMoiioiiiioM
OaKTopnfl fljin norjiomotiHfl oprami'icc-
Koro  cojicpwnMoro OTXO.HOB.  Tnxaa
GHOxiiMimccKan oiiHciKa nponsnojiiiTcn
HJIH upn noMomn Kancjibiion  njibipaumi
HJIII aK-riiBiioro HJI.-I. J(!>eKTHDiia>i
BTOpmman  ovincTi
-------
 SEGMENT

    A portion of a river basin,  the
 surface waters of which have  common
 hydrologic characteristic  (or flow
 regulation patterns); common  natural,
 physical, chemical, and biological
 processes and common reactions to
, external stresses such as  discharging
 of pollutants.
 OTPE30K

    COPMOHT peiHoro ooccoiiiia,  nonopx-
 HOCTIlLie BOflhl KOTOpOPO  UUGvT  OOlliyio
 niflpojorimccKyio xapanrcpiicTiiKy [  IIJIH
       xapanrep pery^iHpOBaiiiiii  TCMC-
     ]j  xaKoii yiacTOK OTJinHaorcn TBK-
 "0 H oGlUHOCTbiu eCTGCTBeHHhlX ,  (J)HOIIMO-
 CKHX,  XHKIlHeCKHX H <5 HO.flOrillICCKMX
 npoueccos n oomin.i xapaKTepoM
 na BneiiiHne B03fleMcTBHH,  Hanp. HQ
 c(5poc
SELENIUM
                                            CEJ1EH
SELF-CLEANSING  VELOCITY

   The minimum  velocity in sewers
necessary  to  keep solids in suspen-
sion and prevent their deposition
and the subsequent nuisances from
stoppages  and odors of decomposition.
                                            CKOPOCTb CAMOOmflUEHHfl
                          CKOpocTb
nOTOKa  B  CTOMHbix TpyGax,
Man fljiH nofmep«aHHH TBepnwx
ceft BO  B3BewennoM COCTOHHHH, a TBK-
xe HUH  npeflOTBpaiueHHH oCpaaosaHHH
OTJIOKeHHH H  CBHSaHHblX C HHMH 3aKy-
nopOK H nypHoro sanaxa OT
HHfl.
 SELF-PURIFICATION

    The  natural processes of
 purification of pollution in a
 moving  or still body of water whereby
 the bacterial content is reduced,
 the BOD is largely satisfied, the
 organic content is stabilized,
 and the dissolved oxygen returned
 to  normal.
                                             CAM001HCTKA
                 npoueccu
       3arpH3H6HHOfl flBHWymefiCH  H
            BOflu, B peayjibraxe  iero
            cojqepxaHHe OaxxepHfl,
 CnoxHMHiecKoe noTpeSJieuiie  KHCJIOPO-
 fla HOpMajiHSHpyercH, cocras oprawH-
 
-------
SETTLEABLE SOLIDS
                                            OCEflAIOUIHE TBEPflblE OCAflKH
   Suspended  solids which will sub-
side  in  quiescent water or other
liquid in  a reasonable period.  Such
period is  commonly, though arbitra-
rily, taken as two hours.  Also call-
ed settling solids.
              TDcpnue qacTimu, KO-
Topue oceaaioT na flno noKonmeflcn
     HJIH HHOfl XCHflKOCTH B TSMeHHC
            nepiiofla epeMCHH. Kai<
npaBHJio cMHTaeTCH,  ITO BPCMH oca-
TOGHHH HS flOJDKHO npSBbllliaTb flByX
lacoB. Taime iiasbisaiOTCH OTCTOKHUMH
TBepflUMH OCTaTKaMH.
SETTLING BASIN

   An enlargement  in a conduit to
permit the settlement of debris
carried in suspension,  usually pro-
vided with means of  ejecting the
material so collected;  one form of
sand-trap.
OTCTOHHblfl EACCEflH

    PacuiMpenHe B BOflOBone, c ue/ii>w
          ceflaHne BceBO3MO«Htax
           paspyuieHHn, nepenocHMbix
        BO BSBeilieilHOM COCTOHUHH.
OOhiKHOBGHHO
                                            Hbie MaTepwaJiu.  Taione OHHH H3  BH-
                                            flOB neCKOJIOBOK.
SETTLING RESERVOIR

   A reservoir  used for the storage
of turbid water for the purpose of
sedimentation.
OTCTOflHfcJH  PE3EPByAP


   Peaepsyap /yin  xpaHenHH MyxHoH
BOflU, B KOTOPOM OH3 OTCTaHBaSTCH.
SEWAGE

   Largely the water  supply of a
community after it has  been fouled
by various uses.  From  the  stand-
point of source it may  be a
combination of the liquor or water-
carried wastes from residences,
business buildings, and institutions,
together with those from industrial
establishments, and with such
ground water, surface water,  and
storm water as may be present.
CTOKH  H  CTOIHME BOflbl

   B UIHPOKOM cMbicjie cjiosa,
xo3$eKajiBHHe oixoflu H BOflu OT paa-
JIHIHfcJX HCT01HHKOB TlOTpsGneHHft. C
TO1KH  3P6HHH CBMOrO HCTO^HHKa, CTO-
KH H OTXOAU  npeflCTasJiHHT coGoft pa-
cTsopeHHbie B Boae semecTBa, cGpacu-
BaeMtje QUTOBUMM o6-beKraMH, ropro-
BMMH npeHnpHHTHHMH, HHCTMTyTaMH H
yvipeMyjeHHHMH,  a Taxxe H npOMbiuuien-
HUMH ycxanoBKaMH,  EKJiwiaw HexoTOpoe
KOJiHiecTBO coaepwaiUHxcH B STHX CTO-
Kax rpyHTOBfaix,  noBepXHOCTHux H
JIHBHeBbJX  BOfl.
SEWAGE COMPOSITION

   The chemical  and  physical
characteristics  of the solid and
liquid constituents  of sewage,  their
quantities, and  their  relations
apart from the degree  of
concentration.
COCTAB CTOmibK BOfl
              H  (J)H3HyeCKHe CBOflCTBa

TBepflfcJX H XCHflKHX KOMHOHeHTOE CTO^I-

HUX BOfl H HX KOJlH^eCTBO H B33HMO-

CBH3H HSSaBHCHMO OT  CTeneHH
                                        73

-------
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
OTBEflEllllE CTOMHhlX BOfl
   The act of disposing of sewage
by any method.  The  term is not
synonymous with sewage treatment.
Common methods of disposal are
dispersion, dilution,  farming, broad
irrigation, privies,  cesspools.
   JlioOofl MOTOfl,  npHMeHneMun
yflaJieHiifi CTOHHLJX BOO. TCPMIIH OTOT
H6 HBJIHCTCfl CI1HOHHMOM O4IICTKH .  ObLJH-
Hhie MeTOflta OTBGflGHHn H ynancHMfi:
pacnbuieiiite HJIH  pasBenenHC cToica;
npHMeneHHG CTomiux BOA AJIH noBepx-
HOCTIIOrO OPOWGHKH, HJIH BCCBO3MOWHUX
                      UCJICH, AJIH
          HJIH  HanpaEJiemie DOR B
OTCTOflNHKH.
 SEWAGE FACILITIES

    The structures,  equipment, and
 processes required to collect,
 carry  away (see sewerage), and treat
 domestic  and industrial wastes, and
 dispose of the effluent.
 CTAHUHH H CETH flJIH CTOmiblX BOfl

    Bee oCbOKTU, oOopyflonaHHe H
 MeTOflHio win c&opa H  oTBOAa CTO
 HUX EOfl H OflSl OSpaOOTKH  tlblTOBblX
 H  npOMbiuineHHtJX OTXOHOB H HX
 HHH.  CM.
 SEWAGE PLANT
    See sewage facilities.
                                             COOPyaiEHHE flJM  O4HCTKH CT04HblX BOfl
                                                CM. CT3HUHH  M C6TH
                                                                        CTO^HHX
                                             BOfl.
 SEWAGE TREATMENT

    Any artificial process to which
 sewage is subjected in order to  re-
 move or alter its objectionable  con-
 stituents and thus to render it  less
 offensive or dangerous.
                                             OEPABOTKn. CTO^HblX  BOfl
   Jlooofi HCKyccTBeHHbiH  npouecc
o6pa6oTKn CTOIHHX BOS c
          HJIH H3M6HeHHH
         npHMecefl, wio nejiaex
MeHee  onacHOft HJIH HenpHHTHOft
nOJIb3OBaHHH .
 SEWER

   Any pipe or conduit used to
 collect and carry away sewage or
 stormwater runoff from the generating
 source to treatment plants or receiv-
 ing  streams.  A sewer that conveys
 household and commercial sewage is
 called a sanitary sewer.  If it
 transports runoff from rain or snow,
 it is called a storm sewer.  Often
 storm water runoff and sewage are
 transported in the same system or
 combined sewers.
CTOHHAfl TPVEA


    Tpy6a HJIH crewman xaHaoa
cOopa H oxBOfla CTOMHUX  H
BOJQ OT HCTOMIIHKOB COpOCa  B npHBMHH-
KH  CTOKOB HJIH OHHCTHTeJlbHbie yCTaHQ-
BKH.  TpySbl flJIH OTBejjeHHH  CTOKOB
XOSOHTOBblX H TOpTOBblX OQbeKTOB H3~
SblBaiOTCH XO3(3bITOBUMH CTO'-IHblMH Tpy-
63MH.  TpyUfal flJIH OTBOfla  CTOKOB OT
aTMoc$epHbix ocaflKOB nasbiBaKJTCH
TpyCaMH HJIH KaiiasaMH zuin  JIHBHSBO-
jj,peHa»Hiiix CTOKOB.  llacTo  /iHBHesbie
H TOprOBO-XOSGblTOBUe CTOKH OTBO-
AHTCH B OflHOH H TOO K6  CHCTCMe,
xoTopan HasusaeTCH oGmecn.naBiiofi.
                                         74

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SEWER DISTRICT
KAHAJlH3AUHOHHbin PAflOH
   (1) An organization,  created and
operating under  statutory enactment
for the.purpose  of  financing, con-
structing , and/or operating a sewer-
age system.   (2) The land or area
within the boundaries of a sewer
district, as  delimited by law.  It
may embrace parts of one or more
political subdivisions.
   3/ OpratiHsauHH,  cosaamiaH H
yHKHHOHHpyiomaH D peayjibi-aTe aa-
KOHOflaTOJibHoro aKTa jtyiii HHaHCnpo-
BdHHH, COOpyXeHHH H/HJ1H OClCJiy>KH-
B3HHH KaHajlHSaUHOHIlOft CMCTCMLJ .
   2/ 3eMJiH HJIH onomaflb B npcaejiax
raKoro paftotia,  rpammu Koxoporo yc-
raiioBJieHbi  saxoHOM.  TaxoR yvacTOK
MOKST OXBaXblBaTb laCTH OflHOTO HJIH
HCCKOJIbKHX aflMHIIHCTpaTMBHO-nOJUITH-
viecKiix
SEWER ROD

   A hickory stick or light metal
rod, 3  ft  to 4 ft long with a coupl-
ing on  each end.   Rods are joined
and pushed into a sewer to dislodge
obstructions.
IHTAHFA flJIfl  IIP01HCTKH CTOVIHblX TPVB

   CuenHan  nexaHOBan nanKa
            uixaHra,  AJIHHOIO B 3 MJIH
                  Ha  KOHuax. UlTanrn
            H  npOTajiKHBaiOTCH B xpy-
Oh! flJIH yCTpaHSHHft 33TOPOB.
SFWERAGE

    (1) The  removal of waste water by
means of  sewers.   (2) A system of
sewers.
    I/  VflaJieHHe CTOIHUX BOH  npw  no-
MOIUH KOJUieKTOpOB .
    2/  CHCTBMa KOJUieKTOpOB .
 SILT  BASIN

   A  basin installed in storm  sewers
 to retard flow velocity and provide
 a place for the deposition of  silt
 and grit.
 HJlO3AflEP?KHBA10mHB OTCTOflHHK

    Bacceflk, ycTpoeHHbift B CHCxeMe
 OTBona jiHBHesux H npenaJKHbix BOB,
 C  Ue/lbiO nOHHSHTb CKOpOCTb TB^EHHH
 H  HaxonjiHTb ^lacTHUbi HJia H necico-
 BHAHtax nopofl.
 SILVER
CEPEEPQ
 SKIMMING

    (1)  The process of diverting water
 from the surface of a stream or con-
 duit by means of a shallow overflow,
 to avoid diversion of sand,  silt,  or
 other debris or material  carried as
 bottom load.   (2) The process of
 diverting water from any  elevation in
 a reservoir by means of outlets at
 different elevations or by any other
 skimming device for the purpose of
 obtaining the most palatable drinking
 water or for some other purpose. (3)
 The process of removing  floating
 material from  the surface of a fluid.
OTBOfl C nOBEPXHOCTH

    I/ npouecc oxBona BOW  c  nosepx-
HOCTH BOflOTOKa HJIH BOflOBO«a  npH
noMOuiH MeJiKoro BoaocJiHsa,  npe.no-
TBpamaiomero OTBOA nocxa, mia H
flpyrwx OOJIOMKOB H HanocoB, nepeHo-
CHMbix no flHy.
    2/ npouecc OTBOfla BOAU  c  jiioGoft
BUCOTH peaepsyapa npw HOMOIUH BOCO-
BbinyCKHblX OTBepCTHH, paCnOJlOKGHHUX
Ha  paaHbix BbicoTax, HJIH OTBona BOJIH
c nosepXHOCTH pcaepsyapa,  c  uejibio
nojiyviHTb wejiaTeJibHoe KaiecxBO nn~
TbeBOfl BOflbl HJIH C flpyFHMH
    3/ npouecc yjiajieHH
            C nOBepXHOCTH WHflKOCTH .
                                         75

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 SLICK
                                             HJIEHKA MACJIA
    The thin oily film usually present
 which gives characteristic appearance
 to the surface of water into which
 sewage or oily waste  has discharged.
   Tomoifl  cjiofi Mac/ia Ha nosepx-
HOCTH  DOflti,  xapaKxepiitan HJIH BOH,
B KOTOPUC  BblJlIi CCpOUieHbl CTO^HblG
BOflbl HJIH XCHpOBI-ie HJ1H IIC<]>TnHLJe
OCXaXKH.
 SLUDGE

    (1)  The accumulated  settled  solids
 deposited from sewage or  industrial
 wastes and containing more  or  less
 water to form a semiliquid  mass.   (2)
•The precipitate resulting from  chem-
 ical treatment of water,  coagulation,
 or  sedimentation.
    \l HaKoriHBiuHecH  oceouiiie
         OT CTOKOB H npOMHUIJieilHHX
         c flocxaxoiHHM
          o6pa3osannn
 Maccu.
    2/ OcaflOK, oopaaoBaBiuiiflcH B
 peayjibxaxc XHMHyecKoft oOpaOOTKH
 BOflU HJIH nyTBM KOaryjlHLJHH HJIH
 SLUDGE COLLECTOR

    A mechanical device  for  scraping
 the sludge on the bottom  of a set-
 tling tank to a sump, from  which it
 can be drawn by hydrostatic or mech-
 anical action.
                                             MEXAHH3M
                                                           VflAJlEIIHH HJ1A
    MexaHmiecKoe  ycxpoflCTBo
 cocicaCSjiHBaHHH ocejaawmero Ha
 OTCTOflHHKa HJia.  HJI
 B syMncJ), oTKyaa  OH
                  MJ1H
 SLUDGE' CONCENTRATION

    Any process of reducing  the  water
 content of sludge which  leaves  the
 sludge in a fluid condition.
 KOHItEHTPAUHfl HUA


    JlioOoK npouecc,  noHH«aioiunB npo-
 U6HT COflepKaHHH BOflh! B HJ16, HO
 COXpaHHMIUHfi HJI B JKHflKOM COCTOHHHH.
 SLUDGE CONDITIONING

    Treatment of fluid  sludge to
 facilitate dewatering,  usually by
 the addition of chemicals.
KOHflHUHOHHPOBAHHE HJIA

    OCpaOoTKa jKHflKoro HJia,  cnoco6-
cTByiomas ero oSesBOJKHBaiiHio,  o&bm-
HO  npH nOMOlUH npHMeillHBaHHH B HJI
XHMHK3TOB.
SOLVENT

   A substance capable of dissolving
something.
PACTBOPHTEJlb

   BemecTBO,  cnocoSnoe UTO-JIHOO
pacxBOpHTb.
SOUND

   A relatively long arm of the sea
or ocean forming a channel between
an island and  a mainland or
connecting two larger bodies, as a
sea and the ocean, or two parts of
the same body.
 nPOJIHB

    OTHOCHXeJlbllO flJIHHHblft
 OKeana HJIH MOPH,  oOpaayiomnft npoxoK
 weway OCTPOBOM H  MaxepiiKOM, HJIH
 Hanp. Mope vt oxeaH,  HJIH nse vacxn
        H TOTO we
                                        76

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 SOURCE
                                             HCTOHHHK
    The origin point of pollutants
 discharged or emitted.
    HCXOflHblft nyHKT Bhl6pOCOD  HJ1H
         3arpn3HHTe.nefi.
 SPECIFIC ABSORPTION

    The  capacity of water-bearing
 material to absorb water after all
 gravity water has been removed.  It
 is  the  ratio of the volume of water
 absorbed to the volume of material
 saturated.
CnEUHOMIECKOE nOrJlOUEHHE

    CnOCOOHOCTb BQHOHOCHUX
noB K a6copQu.au BOflu, ocTasuieftcn
nocne yflajiemiH rpaBHTauHOHHOft BO-
afaj. BupaxaeTCH B opMe OTHOIUSHHH
        norjiomeHHOfl BOAU K
             Maxepna.na.
 SPIRAL FLOW AIR DIFFUSION

    In sewage treatment a method of
 diffusing air in an aeration tank of
 the activated sludge process, where,
 by means of properly designed baffles,
 and the proper location of diffusers,
 a spiral or helical movement is given
 to the air and the tank liquor.
 BHXPEBAfl
                                                               B03flVXA
    MSTOflHKa OOpaoOTKH CTO^lUUX
 BOB c npHMGHeHHSM npouecca aK-
 THBHoro HJia, Koraa Boanyx
 flMpyeicn B aapaUHOHHufl Oai<
 cooTBercTBeHHO coopyMceHHue nepe-
 ropoflKH; Ojiaronapa ^THM neperopofl-
     H cooGpasHO pacnonoxteHHUM
          sosnyx H »nnKocTb B
           cnMpajieBHUHyw OOPMV
 STAGE RERATION

    Division of activated sludge
 treatment into stages with inter-
 mediate settling tanks and return
 of  sludge in each stage.
                                            HOCTAflHflHAH
   PacnpenejieHHe npouecca OMHCTKH
3K TUB HUM HJ1OM H3 HGCKOJlbKO CTaflHfl,
C npHMeH6HHeM OTCTOftHHKOB H C BO3~
apaTOM HJia  ua xaxmoft CTSJIHM,
STATEWIDE  PLANNING

  Basin planning  covering all treat-
ment facilities,  point and area
pollution  sources within a state.
njlAHHPOBAHME B HPEflEJlAX UJTATA

   OJIBH  paaBHTHH pe«jHoro Sacceflna,
          H HeopraHHsaaaHUhJe HCTOM-
HHKH  sarpasHBHHH B npeflcjiax
uiTaxa.
STEP AERATION

   A procedure for adding  increments
of sewage along the line of  flow  in
the aeration tanks of an activated
sludge plant.
            nosTarmoro
        noaaiH  croviHofl  BOMH a aapa
UHOHHble GaKM OMHCTHblX yCTaHOBOK C
            aKTHBHOTO HJ13.
STORM SEWAGE

   Liquid flowing in sewers during
or following a period of rainfall
and resulting from precipitation
runoff.
                                            JIHBliEBblfl  CTOK
             Texytuasi  no
BO speMn HJIH B  pesyjibTaxe
x.e. Korfla CTOK' fiBJinexcn
TOM BfalnaflSHHH OCOflKOB.
                                        77

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 STORM SEWER
                                              JIHBHEBtJH KOJUIEKTOP
    A sewer which carries storm water
 and surface water,  street wash and
 other wash waters,  or drainage, but
 excludes sewage and industrial
 wastes.  Also  called storm drain.
    KOJ1J1CKTOP AJ1H OTBOfia J1HB1IODLJX
 W nOBCpXHOCTHUX BOfl, EL TaKJKC CMblTO-
 ro Mycopa  c  yjmu H npynix CMMBO'IHUX
 son HJIH upeiiaxmbix BOA, sa itcKJiioie-
 I1H6M XOSHflCTDGHHhlX CTOKOB H npOMblUJ-
 ;ieiiHbix orxoflOB. TaKxce
          icaHason.
 STORM-WATER CHANNEL

    A channel built for carrying storm
 water,  and often paved to  resist
 erosion.
 KAHAJI flJlfl JlHBHEBbK  BOfl
          fljiH OTBeflemin JIHBIICBUX
      MacTO BbiMOiueHHbifi  fl-nH npcnoTBpa-
I4GHHH 3PO3HH.
 STRAIT

    A narro:/ sea channel  which
 separates two land masses  and joins
 two large bodies of water.
                                              V3KMB nPQJlHB
                   npocTpancTno, pas
              yiacTKa cyiuii H/IH coe-
          nee
        FLOW REGULATION
    The procedure or actions  involved
in  artificially modifying  the
natural flow of a stream so  that its
discharge at a specified point will
serve a specified purpose  or achieve
a given objective.
                                             PEFyJlHPOBAHHE
                                                                    CTOKA
   Ilpoueccbi H aeflcTBHH,  HanpaBJieH-
HfcJe  H3 MOflHOHLWpOBaHHe  eCTCCTBCH-
Horo cxoKa POKH, UToGu  B IOKOM-JIHGO
onpefleneHHOM nynKie noJiyniiTb neoG-
XOHHMhJfl 3$$eKT COOOpaSHO nOCT3BJien-
HOft
SUB^!AIN  SEWER

   A  sewer  into which the sewage  from
two or more lateral sewers is dis-
charged.
BCnOMOFATEJIbHUH TJIABHUH KOJ1JIEKTOP

   KojTJieKxop,  B KOTOpuft nocTynaioT
BOflbl H3 HByX HJ1H SOJISG GOKOBblX
CTOHHblX KOJIJieKTOpOB .
SUBSURFACE  DISPOSAL

   Underground  disposal of pollutants.
See waste injection well.
                  CEPOC
   CGpoc  aarpHSHHTeJicfl B
xpaHHiiHiua.  CM.  cKsaxMiibi ana 3ai
-------
 SURFACE  IRRIGATION

     (1) In  irrigation,  the application
 of water to the lands  by gravity flow
 through  flooding of furrows.
 (2) In sewage  treatment, the
 distribution of sewage over the
 surface  of the ground.
 nOBEPXHOCTHOE OPOIllEHHE

    I/ MCTOB HppiirauHH,
 KHltHfi GOpOSflOBblft riOJIHB,  npIUlCM
 BOfla HOB BoaaeflCTDiieM CH/IU
 caMOTCKOM pacnpcaoJiHercH B
    2/ npii o6paOoTi
-------
TAINTING  SUBSTANCE
                                            nPHMElllAHHOE BEIUECTBO
   An additive  or pollutant which
affects  the  taste of water.
                   sarpHSHHiouiee
BemecTBO, oicasunaiomee  BJiiinnne Ha
BKVC BOflbl.
.TAPERED AERATION

   The  method of supplying varying
amounts of air into the different
parts of an aeration tank in the
activated sludge process, more at the
.inlet,  less near the outlet, and
approximately proportional to the
oxygen  demand of the mixed liquor
under aeration.
                                                         A3PAHHH
                    H3MeHfIIOlUHXCH
         Bosnyxa H paanuvHUie vacTH
aapauHOHHoro Cai
-------
THERMAL  STRATIFICATION
                                             TEFlJlOBAfl CTPATIW'HKAUHH
   The  formation of layers  of differ-
pnt  temperatures in bodies  of water.
   Oupasonaiinc n uo/ioc-Mnx CJIOCLJ
ao.au  c  pa3JiHlmon Tc.vncpaiypod.
 TOLLRANCE

    The relative capability of an
 organism to endure an  unfavorable
 environmental factor.   The amount
 of  a  chemical considered safe in
 any food to be eaten by man or
 animals.   Also see pesticide
 toJcrance.
 B'JHOCJiHBOCTb
                   ciiococ>hocTi> opra-
       ncpOHociiTb  HcojiaronpiuiTiibic
             Kanoro-Jii'00
 BHomiieii cpe/;u.  KOJIIIHCCIBO
 riaciioii Konuciirpamin n iniiuODOM  npo-
 AyKTC, yilCn pC'J 15ICMOM Me.'lOBChON'  IMH
 T.HBOTHHM. CM.  TBK-0 BblrlOC 'IIII3OC I b  K
 TOTftL DISFOLVLD SOLIDS

    The dissolved and  undissolved
 irineral co-istituents  in v;atcr usually
 stated in parts per million by weight.
 Dissolved solids, determined from the
 residue after evaporation of a settled
 sairple,  consist of mineral constit-
 uents,  organic matter and water of
 crystallization.  L'ndissolved solids
 consist of suspended  sedir-ent.
OElllEC KOJ1HV1KCTBO  PACTBOPLIIHI-JX
TBUPflUX nPHMKCLfl

    PacTBOpcnuue n  HCpacTBopeHiiue
MHiiepaJibHbie npiiMecn  B  Done oGui<-
iiOEenno BupaiKa.jTcn B MHJiJiiioiiiibix
BGCOBUX MaCT^X. PaCTBOpOHHMC TRSp-
flfaie npHMecM onpeneJiH-oTCH 113 ocxaT-
Ka  nocne ncnapCHHH
odpasua. Ci'.'na BXOA^T
cocTasjiHioiuHc, opramiyecKne Deuecr-
Ba  H Kpncxa.nn3au,i!OHHan BOfla. He-
pacTBOpeHHHe TBepnue TeJia COCTOSIT
us  B3Beujeiiiioro
TOXAP11ENE

   An agricultural insecticide
against insects and grasshoppers.
TOKCAOEH

   CejlbCKOXO3HfiCTBeHHbIfi  HUCCKTHUHfl;
npHMCHHercn AJIH KOHTPOJIH naceiiie  B  ripupojue HBJIH-
CTCH  CJIOflCinHGM  CTHXHttllblX OC/ICTBIIII
HJIH apyrHx iiapytucimn npnpofliioro
oajiaiica.
                                         81

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TRUNK SEWER

   A sewer  which receives many
tributary branches and serves a
large territory.   See main sewer.
MArHCTPAJlbHbin KOJ1J1CKTOP

   KOJIJieiCTOp CTOIHblX BOH, nplIlllIMa
lOIUHfl BOflbl H3 flpyl-HX OTDOflHUX  l
-------
                     u
UNDERGROUND WATERCOURSE

   A geological  formation which
contains water flowing in a known
and defined channel.   Rights to water
in underground watercourses are in
most states similar to rights to
water in natural surface watercourses.
nOfl3EMHblfl BOflOTOK
  TeoJiorniecKaH  fopMaiwn, coycp-
jtcaiuaH Boay, Koxopan npOTCKacr no
KaKOMy-;mGo onpeflejicmiOMy Kaiiany.
ripasa na BOAV  B  noA3CMnbix BOHOTOKQX
B CojibiiiHHCTBe  uixaTOD aHn/iorHHuu.
npasaw na noBepxHocxiibie BOUU B
eCTSCTBeHHblX BOflOTOKaX.
URBAN RUNOFF

   Storm water  from city streets
and gutters that  usually contains
a great deal of litter and organic
and bacterial wastes.
CTOK C TEPPHTOPHM TOPOAA
                                            mecTB ,
             CTOK C yjIHU !! .{ii h m
         KSK  npaBHJto, T&KO!: c--o>{  r.o-
        csojibiiioe  KOJIMMOOTDO
              H  (3aKTepnajib!'W.\
                                        83

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                      w
WARNING  STAGE

   The stage at which damage or
inconvenience due to a flood begins
locally  near a particular gage.   It
may be either above or below
bankfull stage or flood stage.
            BOAOTOKa L>JIH3
jieiiHoro  BOAOMepHoro nocxa,
cymecxsyeT onaciiocTb, ITO  naso-
AOK MOJK6T  npHMHHMTfa BpGA "JIM  HCy-
AoGcTBa. AanHbiH ypOBeiib MOJKCT
OblTb  Bbmie  HJIH HHJKG ypOBHH,  OpM
KOTOPOM  pycjio ueJiMKOM sanojiiieno
BOAOH, HJIH Bblllie HJIH HHJKS naBOAKO-
BOTO  ypoBiin.
WASTE

   Matter that is superfluous or
rejected,  or that can no longer be
used for its originally intended
purpose.
OTXOflbl

   JfcoGoe  cemecTBO, KOTOPOO  HSJIHUIHO
HJIH KOTOpoe BbiOpacbiBaeTcn.  HJIH
TO HenpHroflHoe,  iero HCJibsn
uie npHMemiTb nun nepBOHaiajibiio  na-
          u&nefi.
WASTE INJECTION WELLS

   Deep wells  for disposal of untreat-
ed waste below surface waters and
aquifers.
CKBA/KMHbl flJlfl 3AKAV1KH CTOKOB  H OTXO-
flOB
             CKBaXtHHbl RJIK  33Ka4KH
HeoGpa6oTaHHbix CTOMHUX  BOfl 11 OTXO-
flOBf CKsajKHHu pacno/ioweHbi noa BO-
AOHOCHbiMH nnacxaMH H MaccaMH no-
BepXHOCTHblX BOJQ.
WASTE LOAD ALLOCATION

   The process of assigning specific
levels of  pollutant reduction  to
individual sources who together
are discharging into a hydro-
graphically discrete body of water.
Waste load allocations are only
made in  water quality limited
segments.
PACHPEflEJlEHHE 3ArPfl31lflK)lUEn
   DpaKTHKa
MGCKHX  ypoBHefl CHHwenHH
1014HX BeUeCTB npHM6HHTeJ1bHO  K  HH-
flHBHflyajIBHblM HCTOWHHK3M,  KOTOpbie
coBMecTHO cOpacbisaiuT CTOKH  B  onpe
cejieHHbift  rHjqporpa4>H
-------
ducts.   (3)  water carrying wastes
from homes,  businesses and indus-
tries  that  is a mixture of water
and dissolved or suspended solids.
   2/ Bofla,  coaepxauian 3arpn3nni;imne
OTXOflbl.
   3/ BOflti,  coflepJKamHe OTxoflu OUTO-
BUX, TOproBux HUM npoMhmmemihix
eKTOB H  npeACTaBJimoinHC cobofl
BOflbl H paCTBOpeHHUX HJ1H BSBOIlieilllUX
BemecTB.
MATER ANALYSIS

   The determination  of  the physical,
chemical and biological  character-
istics of water.   Such analyses
involve usually  four  different kinds
of examinations:   bacterial,  chemical,
microscopic, and physical.
AHAJIH3 BOJlbl

   OnpeneJieHHe n3HHecKnx, XHMHHG-
CKHX H SHOJIOrHieCKHX CBOHCTB DOflbl.
HeTbipe pasHbix THna nccjieaoBaHnn
oOfaiKHOBeHHO BxoflHT B xaKOft aiiajiwa:
GaKTepHOJior-HiecKoe, XHMHMBCKOC,
                  H $n3HvecKoe.
WATER-BORNE DISEASE

   A disease caused by  organisms or
toxic substances which  are carried
by water.  The most common water-
borne diseases are typhoid fever,
Asiatic cholera, dysentery,  and other
intestinal disturbances.
3AEOJIEBAHH3,  nEPEflAIOIUHECfl nOCPCfl-
CTBOM BOflbl
opraHiis-
   3aConeBaHne,
MQMH HJ7H  TOKCHHHUMM
HaxoflHiUHMHCH B Bo^e .  CaMUMH pacnpo-
CTpaHSHHblMH BHflaMH HBJ1HIOTCH
Hofl TH(t>,  asMarcKaH xojiepa,
TGPHH H flpyme KHUieviHbie
WATER CONDITIONING

   Treatments  exclusive of disin-
fection  to produce a water free of
taste, odors,  and other undesirable
qualities.
OEPAEOTKA BOfltJ

          oOpaGoTKH BOflu,
Cea BKyca,  aanaxa HJIM apymx ne*e-
JiaTeJIbHbJX  CBOftCTB.
WATER CONSERVATION

    The  physical control, protection,
management,  and use of water
resources  in such a way as to main-
tain crop,  grazing and forest lands,
vegetal cover,  wildlife and wildlife
habitat for maximum sustained bene-
fits to people, ^agriculture, industry,
commerce,  and other segments of the
national economy.
 OXPAHA BOfl

    MeponpHHiHH no KOHTPOJIIO,
 ynpaBiieHHio H nojib3OBanmo BOAHHMH
 pecypcaMH. Uejitw STHX  MeponpHHTiifl
 HBjiHeTCH coxpaHeHHe  oGpaOaxuBaeMbix
 3eMeJib, nacTGma, jiecos,  pacTHTCJit-
 Horo noxposa, JKHBOTHUX,  nxnubi H
 puubi B ecTecTBeiiHbix  npHpOflHbix ycjio-
 BHHX,  iia 6Jiaro uacoJienHH H  B MHTO-
 pecax ceJibCKoro xoaaiicxBa,  npoMbon-
           TOproBJiH H flpyrux  OTpac-
     HapOflHoro
WATER CONTROL

   In soil and water  conservation,
the physical control  of  water by such
measures as conservation practices on
the land, channel  improvements,  and
installation of  structures for water
retardation and  sediment detention.
 (Water control as  defined here does
not refer to legal control or water
rights.)
       KOHTPOJIb
   B npaKTHKe oxpaHU BOJQHUX n no*i-
       pecypcoB STOT TSPMHH oGo3-
       (I)H3HMeCKHfl KOHTpOJlb BOflHUX
pecypcoB  nyxeM MCponpnnTiifi no 3e-
MenbHOft M6Jinopaunn, yjiyvuieHHio pycji
n coopy*enniO oGi>eKTOB ana
B3HHH CTOK3 H COXpaHBHHH
HaHOCOB.
   B BbIllieH3JlO3KeHHOM TOJIKOB3HHM
3TOT T6PMHH H6 nOKpblDaeT lOpHflHUe-
CKHX aCnCKTOB KOHTPOJWI HJIH np3B  H3
                                        85

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WATER DISTRICT
PAHOU  BOflOCHAE«EHHfl
    (1)  An organization, created and
operating under statutory enactment,
for  the purpose of financing, con-
structing,  and/or operating a water
supply  system.   (2) The land or area
within  the boundaries of a water
district,  as delimited by statute.
It may  embrace  parts of one or more
political subdivisions.
    I/  OpraHHsaunfl, cosaaiiiian u
4>yHKUMOHMpyiouiafl B cmiy  aaKoiioaa-
TejibHOro axTa, Rfin (JuiHaiiCHpooaMiin,
coopyjKCHHH H/HJIH oOc/iywHBaiiim CCTH
BOflOCHaOweHHH.
    2/  3eMJiH HJIH nJioiuaAb B  npe.nc.nax
Taxoro paftOHa, rpannu,bi  Koxoporo
ycTaHOBJieHbi aaicoiiOM. Mower oxnaTM-
B3Tfa yaCTH OHHOrO HJ1H HGCKOJIbKHX
aflMHHHCTpaTHBHO-nOJlHTHieCXHX
 WATER POLLUTION

    The addition of sewage,  industrial
 wastes or other harmful or  objection-
 able material to water in concentra-
 tions or in sufficient quantities  to
 result in measurable degradation of
 water quality.
 3ArPfl3HEHHE BOJH

    ITonaaaHHe B  eo/iy npo/jyicTOD CTOKS,
 npOMHiiiJieiiHijix OTXoaoB H apyrtix Bpe^o-
 HOCHUX HJIH HeVSJIflTeJIbHMX BCIHOCTB E3
 xamix  KOJiHiecTBax IIJIH icoimoHTpa-
       KOTOpfiie npHBOflflT K 3£lMOTHOHy
                     BOflM.
WATER QUALITY

   The chemical,  physical, and
biological characteristics of water
in respect to  its suitability for
a particular purpose.   The same
water may be of good quality for one
purpose, and bad for another, depend-
ing upon its characteristics and
the requirements for the particular
use.
KA1ECTBO BOflU
                            H  OHOJIO-
TH»ieCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH BOflU
HHTSJIbHO K 66 HCnOJIbSOBaHH.O  B
flejieHHux ueJiHx. Bofla MOKBT
ca floOpoKa^ecTBCHHoa nnn
ueJiH,  HO HenpnroflHOB ann npyro«,
B SaBHCHMOCTH OT TpeOOBaHHfl  K BOflG
H cooGpasMO ee
WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

   An examination of existing water
quality  to  be used in combination
with a model to form a waste load
allocation.
AHAJIH3 KA1ECTBA BOflbl
    noBepxa cymecTBywmero
BOfltJ H CpaBHSHHC 3TOFO
c MOflenbHbiM,  AJIH jiymiiero  pacnpene-
J1SHHH flOnyCTHMOH 33TPH3 HHiOIUefl H3T-
.py3KH Ha BOAoeM Meygjy BO«onojib3O-
BaTSJIHMH .
WATER QUALITY LIMITED SEGMENT

   A segment with  such poor water
quality that sources  must be
controlled through more stringent
waste load allocations rather than
through effluent guidelines.
              V4ACTOK HH3KOKA
-------
criteria  and use designation  that
sets  the  ambient water quality level
for a particular body of water.
     c ce  Ha3na'icimeM i\nn  IIOJH.JO-
       UIH  oniJCACJicmin Ka^cc-i uuinio-
ro ypODiin  HMCIOUICIICH D pacnopji>Ke-
HHH uoflu B K£iKOM-Jinuo cneuii(|iii'io-
CKOM DOilOCMC.
MATER  SUPPLY

    (1)  A general term for  the sources
of water for public or private uses.
 (2)  The furnishing of a  good potable
water  under satisfactory pressure
for  domestic, commercial,  industrial,
and  public service, and  an adequate
quantity of water under  reasonable
pressure for fire fighting.
DO^OCHAOIICIUIC


    I/ OOlUHfl TCPM1III flJlJI IICTOmillKOll
DOflbl AJ1H OOUCCTBCIIHblX 11
    2/
               D ycjioBHflx npauujii.iio-
 ro  flanjiciiHH xHJiHiuaM,  oOiucci JJCUHNM
 3AauunM,  TOIJTODHM  11  npoMhimjiciiiiu-i
 npc.nnpHHTiiHM, a raioice yflonjicrnopii-
 TCJibnoro KOJiiiHeci »a  IIOA
           jg/in nowapnkix
WATER-SUPPLY FACILITIES

   The  works, structures,  equipment,
and processes required to  supply and
treat water for domestic,  industrial,
and fire use.
 OE-nEKTbl CllCTEMbl
    ycraiiOBKH, nocrpofiKil, oSopyflC •
 Banne H npoucccw,  iieodxojQHMije JUIM
 O1IHCTKH II CHaOKCHHH BOflU flJISI OiJIO
 BUX,  npoMbiunennHX  H no>Kapnbix
WATER-SUPPLY SOURCE

    A stream, surface  or underground
body of water from which a supply of
water is or can be obtained.
HCTQiJHHK  BOflOCHAEKEHHfl


   BOflOTOK  HJ1H nOBepXIIOCTHLJft HJ1I1
nOfl36Mllblft BOflOEM, H3 KOTOpOTO OCy-
[UeCTBJlHeTCH HJ1H MOXCCT OCVWeCTD JlflTh-
cn
                                             BOflHOE 3EPKAJ10
WATER TADLC

   The upper surface of a  zone  of
saturation,  where the body of ground
water is  not confined by an  overlying
impermeable formation.  VThere an over-
lying confining fcriratior  exists, the
aquifer  in question has no vatcr tnb]e,
It is not the water surface.
            nOBepXHOCTb  3OHU HQCW-
iueHnn,  me noflseMnan  BOfliian Macca
He orpanmieHa jiewamefi Ha nefi Henpo-
HHnaeMOfi OopMauHcfi. B Mecrax, r^c
HMeeTCH orpaHiiHnieJ7biia« aepxiinn
4>opMauHn,  Tauofi BOflouociiufi njiacr
He iiMee-r nofliioro aepKajia.  Bo;moc
aepxajio -  STO He TO JKO  
-------
 WATERLOGGED SOIL
                                            3AEOJIOHEHHAfl HOHEA
    A soil so continuously wet  as
 to drive out all gases»  in which
 normal upland plants cease to  arow.
    EojiOTHan noina, Jimuemian raaon,
 B  KOTOpofl He Moryr npoiiapocTaTb
                        pacrenn;i.
  WATERSHED

     (1)  The area contained within a
  divide  above a specified point on
  a  stream.  In water supply engi-
  neering,  it is termed a watershed,
  and  in  river control engineering,
  it is termed a drainage area, drain
  age  basin, or catchment area.
  (2)  The divide between drainage
  basins.
 BOflOCEOP (V3K06 TOJIKOBaHHe)

    I/ laCTb 36MHOH JlOBCpXHOCTH
 B  npeaenax Boaopaajiejia,
 npoHcxoflHT CTOK BOA B
 CHCTGMy.  C TO1KH 3P6HHH T6XHHK1I
 BojoiocnaoxenHH ynoTpeOJiHexcH rep-
 MHH DOflOCCJOp; B THflpOTeXHHKe pe-
 ryjinpOBaiinH pevsoro CTOica npejjno-
 IHTaiUTCH  TepMIIHb! OaCCGSH BOflOCOOpa,
 njiomanb ooflocuopa, BoaocOopHaa
 njiomajqb HJIH BonocoopHbift CacceflH.
    2/ VnoTpeejineTCH B
 BOflopaaaejia,  T.e.  JIHHHH
 Me»wy
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

   The  planned use of watershed
lands in  accordance with
predetermined objectives,  such as
the control  of erosion,  stream
flow, sedimentation,  and the
improvement  of vegetative  cover
and other related  resources.
PEryjlHPOBAHHE CTOKA MEPOnPHHTHflMH
HA BOflOCEOPE
                ncnojib3osaHne 3 e MS Jib
peviHoro 6accefina   B
c aapaHee nocraBJieHHbiMH
K3K Hanp. KOHTpojib 3po3nn,  pacxofla
BOflOTOKOB, OTJlOWeHHfl,  H
MeponpHHTHH no  we/iHOpaunn
HOPO noKposa H  flpyrHx
HUX pecypcoB.
WATERSHED  SANITATION

   The  removal  of  actual and the
prevention of potential sources of
pollution  on a  watershed;  also mea-
sures and  methods  undertaken to
minimize unavoidable pollution, or
to improve the  quality of water for
potable use.
CAHAUHH BOflOCBOPHOrO  BACCERHA
            fleftcTByicnuHx H npenoTspa-
      noreHUHajibHO  BOSMOXCHUX HCTO^-
HHKOB 3arpH3HeHHH B npeuGJiax BOflO-
cQopa; xaKxe H MeponpMHTHH H MBTO-
flHKa anH yMeHbuieHHH ypoBHH Henpe-
flOTBpaTHMOrO 3arpH3HSHHH, HJIH flJIH
          xa^ecTaa  nHTbeBoH
WELLHOLE

   A deep manhole into which  sewage
falls freely for a considerable
distance from an upper level  to  a
lower level.
nPHEMHblfl  KOJIOflEU
     CBoOoflHO  nocrynaer
     c  Cojiee BUCOKOTO YPOBHH iia
Co/iee HH3Knfl,  noxphisafi npn 3 TOM
WET-WEATHER FLOW
   See storm sewage.
                                       88

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ZINC                                        UHHK
ZONE OF PASSAGE                            3OHA  HPOnVCKA

   The area of a receiving stream              BeaonacHufl yjacxoK BononpneMHn
contiguous to a mixing zone  which         Ka' nPHJieraiamHH K aone cMcuiHuaiiHs,
allows'safe transit of water species       Koxopun nosBOJiHer puOaM H npyrHM
past the mixing zone.                      BOAIIHM oprawHSMaM npoflTH
                                           3OHU  cMeuiHBaHHH Gs3
                                        89

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 Part III



LEGAL TERMS
    90

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 ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
EOPbEA  C  3ArPfl31IEIMICH  H  KOIITPOJ1I,
    The process of requiring a
 pollution source toxreduce  the
 amount of pollution produced by that
 source.
                 Tpeuyioiune OT
           iioiiH3irib
 ACT OF GOD

    A legal term meaning  an act
 resulting from an unanticipated
 grave natural disaster.
                                             4>OPC-MA?KOP
                TCPMHH,
ioiu»n nenpooitOJiMMyio cnjiy, jjofiCTDnc
KOTOpofi  He  Morjio Curb npcwynpcnyic-
HO, Kai<  iianp.  ecTecTDennoc  criixiiu-
HO6 OCflCTBHC.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

    An enforcement order  by  the
Administrator of EPA requiring
immediate compliance by  the dis-
charger.   It can modify  the
conditions of a permit.
AflMmiHCTPATIIBHOE PACriOPflKLUlIK
   PacnopfiKeime
xapaicTcpa,  OTjjanHoe opraiiaMii
ArciiTciBa no samiiTe
       ii  TpeOyiomee OT  Bononojihjo-
                                                         H yCJlOBIlHM  CtipOCa .
                                             Taicoe pacnopn«eHne MOKGT  HDMCHHTI
                                             yCJIOBHH,  C(J)OpMyJlHpOBaHHbie B
                                             pemeHHH  na c5poc CTOKOB.
ANTIDEGRATION

   A policy  objective, incorporated
within water quality standards,  of
not allowing water to degrade below
its present  quality, or any higher
level of water quality once that
higher level is achieved.
nPEtiOTEPAIUEHUE
                           KA'JLCTBA
BOflbl
            3aj3aiiHe, BKJIIOMCIIHOC
           Ka^ecTsa Bo^tJ,  ne
CKawinee  noi-mmem-ia Ka^ecTaa
cymecxByiomero yposun HJIH  HHWC
y*e jQOCTHrHyroro Bbicoimufi
          HJIH aeiicTDnn,  iipcjinpiinniuc
    npHOdpcTciiHn n oi>pauieii>in B ono. i
JlllWIiyil  COUCl-BCHIlOCTb  DOW  PCKII IIJIII
HIIOTO Bonoroi
-------
AREAWIPE MANAGEMENT AGENCY

    An organization created  by
several municipalities joining
together to manage and regulate all
point and nonpoint sources  within
an  area.
                       ArCIITCTDO
no ynpADJicmiio HCTOMHHKAMH
                     HGCKO/ILKO
                  OG-bCflHHIlBimiXCH
   OpraH
MyHHUHnaJIHTCTOB,
nnn coBMecTnoro
M ynpasjiennR TUICMHUMH n ncopra-
HHSOUaHHblMJI  HCTOUHHIOMH 3arp>!3-
nenHH  B npeflcjiax onpejaejieimofl
TCPPHTOPHH .
BASIN PLAN

   A management plan for control  of
point and nonpoint sources within
a hydrographic area.  Over 600
basin plans are being developed  to
cover all of the United States.
nJIAH OXPAHbl EACCEHHA

   UnaH  KOHxpojin H
TOieynux H  HeopraHHSOBamibix  IICTOM-
HHKOB  3arpH3neHHH B npcjucjiax onpc-
aejieHHOft reorpaomiecKofi TCppiiTopini.
B CUJA, no CTpaHe B U.CJIOM, IIMCCTCH
OKOJIO  600 n/iaHOB o.xpaiiu
OacceftHOB.
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY  (BAT)

   The  level  of pollution control
to be attained by all industrial
dischargers by July 1983.  Described
in the  effluent guidelines.
           PA3PABOTA11HAK TCXIIOJIOril?!
nPEflOTBPAUlEHHfl 3ArPfl3HCHllll
   VpOBSHb
       Koroporo oOasaiibi
Bee
mi, c6pacbiBanmne cTOvtHbie soflu,  K
HIOJIIO 1983  rofla.  OnHcana B pyiejiepaJii9HbiM
                                 Bbl-
 CIVIL ACTION

    A legal proceeding conducted by
 the Administrator of EPA or by  a
 court that can result in a civil
 penalty.
CIVIL PENALTY

   The penalty  for a  violation of the
provisions of the  law or the condi-
tions of a permit,  which shall not
exceed a fine of $10,000 per day of
violation.
             HCK
   npoueccyajibHbie fleftcTBHH,  npea-
npHHHTbie  opraHaMH AreHTCTBa  no
sauiHTe  oxpyxaiouieft cpeflbi IIJIH  cyztcO-
HblMH BJiaCTflMH C BO3MOKHWM
HHeM Mep  rpaxyjaiicKO-npanoBoro
CK3HHH.

rPA»^AHCKO-nPABOBOC B3UCKA1IHE
          3a  Hapymenne
       unw ycjiOBHfl paspeiucHHH;  HC
       npeabiuiaTii cyr-iMu o 10000  no-
JIJiapOB 33 OflHH  flGHb HapyiUCHHH .
                                        92

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COMMERCIAL USER
TOl'l'OBLin  UOflOnOTPCEllTEJlb
   A  non-manufacturing source  (such
as wholesale or retail trade) whose
effluent  is  discharged into a
municipal  sewer system.  Generally,
this  source  is not required to  pay
for any capital cost of construction.
                    nenpoMbuiuiciiiioro
ntiia, Kai<  Hanp.  npejinpiin-nui  poj-
HIHIHOH  I1JIH OITI'ODOU TOprOlUIII ,  CTOK1I
Koropbix cupacunaioTcn B  roponciCKTOB UOBOOTBC-
COMPLIANCE

   Conformance to the permit condi-
tions imposed on a pollution source,
                          upcflvCMOT-
pemibiM  B  paspomeiiHi:, BhmaiitioM HC-
TO'IHHKy 3arpfI3HCIIHH .
COMPLIANCE MONITORING

   The process,  through inspection,
sampling,  and surveys, of examining
the effluent of  a discharger.
	    3A BhinOJlHCHHEM  HOPMA-
TH130B

   nponewypf H MeponpHHTHH,  COCTO-
HIUHC us HHcneKUiin, oTuopa  npoG H

                    cOpacbisaeMbix
                         IX  BOfl.
COMPLIANCE  SCHEDULE

   The date or dates by which a
source or category of sources is
required to comply with specific
emission limitation contained in
an implementation plan and with any
increments  of progress toward such
compliance.
PAC11HCA11HE  COBJllOflRH.-ia
   Rara  MJIH  aarbi, Koroptax
npHiiepxHuaxbCH HCTOWHHKM HJIH rpynnu
IICTOMHHKOB OTHOCHTSJIbHO CnCUH(I)H^e-
CKHX OrpaHHWGHHfl KOJIHUeCTBa BpeflHLJX
BblGpOCOB, K3K ^TO npGflyCMOTpeHO
njianoM,  DKJinian noxaaaTeJin  cTcneHH
CONTIGUOUS  ZONE

   The  entire zone established or
to be established by the United
States  under article 24 of the Con-
vention of  the Territorial Sea and
the Contiguous Zone.
MOPCKAfl  11P1IEPPX1IAH 3OI1A

   Ben npHJieraioman K MaTepmO  y*e ycxa-
HOBJiennan,  jinCo B npouecce cxaHOD-
Jiennn, npaBHTeJibCTBOM CoejumeHHbix
UJxaTOB B ciiJiy naparpatl>a  2'! Corjiame-
HHH O TCppHTOpHaJTbHUX BOflQX H MOP~
CKHX  npHUpeXHHX 30II3X.
CONTINGENCY  PLANS

   Plans developed in anticipation
of a spill of  oil or hazardous
substances and which are applied
to alleviate the effects of a spill
if it occurs.
 ABAPllHHblE nJIAHbl

    •JKCTpennoe njiamipOBannc Ha
 nenpcjUDnnemibm cjiy-iafi
 He$TH HJIH flpyroro onaciioro
 HHWiucro semecTaa, c  qeJibu
 JICMHH HpGflHOrO BO3fieflCTBHH.
CRIMINAL  ACTION

   A legal  proceeding conducted  by a
court that  can result in a criminal
penalty.
yrOJIOBllHH 1ICK

    nponeccyajibHLje neficTBHH, npeanpii-
Hnrbie  yrojioBHUM cyaonpoHSBoaci BOM,
c BoaMoxHhiM HajiowGHiieM
no  yrojioBHOMy
                                         93

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 CRIMINAL PENALTY
                                             VrOJlOBHOE  HAKA3ANHE
    The penalty for a willful  or
 negligent violation of the  pro-
 visions of the law or the condi-
 tions of a permit, which shall  not
 exceed a fine of up to $50,000  per
 day of violation or two years in
 jail.
   HaKaaamie sa napyujemie,
       IIJIH  no iicOpcKHOCTH,  riocraiio-
       saKona H/IH ycJioBHfi  paspciue-
HHH. llaxaaaiiuc lie flOJDKHO
cyMf.ibi M  50000 flOJi-napOB HJIH
J10T Tl'JpbMbl.
 DEVELOPED WATER

    (1)  A legal term applied  to ground
 water artificially brought to the
 surface or to the land which, without
 such diversion, would have run to
 waste.   (2)  A legal tern  applied to
 flow of water in a stream which has
 been induced therein by artificial
 neans.
BCKPblTAfl  BOflA

   I/ tOpHflmiecKHfl xepMHii,  npHMeHH-
BMIJrt K  rpyHTOBblM DOflaM, HCKyCCTBCH-
HO nanpaD/iennLJM Hapyxcy, ana.  Hcnojib-
aoBauiin Ha  TBKHX yiiacT«ax  noncpx-
HOCTIl,  KOTOptJC OG3 OTBCjaGIIHOfl  CIO-
aa Do;it>i npCBpariuiiicb Obi B  nycTupn.
   2/ lOpHflHlieCUHfl TCPMWH,  npHMC-
HncMhirt  K  Telieniiio BOflbi B
coaflamioM HCKyccTBCHHO.
 EFFLUENT LIMITATION

    Any restriction established  by a
 State or the Administrator on quanti-
 ties,  rates, and concentrations of
 chemical,  physical, biological,  and
 other constituents which are dis-
 charged from point sources into
 navigable waters, the waters of the
 contiguous zone, or the ocean,  in-
 cluding schedules of compliance.
orpAnnm:nna HA CEPOC CTO^IHUX
   OrpammeHHH,
HUMH opranaMH HJIH aflMHHncTpau.Heft
AronTCTBa no sainHTe OKpywaiomefl
CpCflU, OTHOCHTejlfaHO KOJIHieCTBa,
cKopocTefl npouecca H
KHX H «pyrnx rrpHMeceft, KOTOpue
CLlpaChJBaiJTCH TOICMHblMH HCTOHHHKaMH
B cyfloxoflHue BOflu, B wopcKyio npn-
jpe»nyici  3OHy HJIH B OKGSH.  Cuna xe
OTIIOCHTCH  H rpa^HKH
BOflOOXpaHHhlX
 EMERGENCY POWERS

    The authority to act  to  suspend
 or terminate any activity that is
 producing pollution that is an
 imminent danger to public health
 or welfare.
              [10J1HOM01HH
   npaso  EpeMeHHO npiioci'aHOBHTb
HJ1U nOJIHOCTblO npOKpaTHTb BCflKyiO
               KOTOpaH BBfleT  K
             cpeflbi B Maciuxaoax,
                coGoio Heii3ue>Knyio
                                             POBbH H B/iarOCOCTOHHHH .
EMISSION STANDARD

   The  maximum amount of a pollutant
legally permitted to be discharged
from  a  single source, either mobile
or stationary.
HOPMtJ CEPOCOB H BEJEPOCOB
                            KOJIHMC-
CTBO  sarpasHHTCJiefi, KOTOPOC no 33-
KOIiy  MO3KET BblOpaCfalBaTb HJTH CUpaCbl-
BdTb  HHflHBHflyaJIbHblM HO^BIDKHOn I1JIM
CTaUHOHapHblft HCTOMHUK.
ENFORCEilENT

   The process  of assuring compliance
with laws  and regulations through
the use of orders,  fines, or jail
sentences.
flEflCTBHfl B3blCKATEJ]bllO-nPIIHyjlHTEJIb-
HOrO XAPAKTEPA
              ooecne
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

   A document prepared by  a  Federal
agency which reports on  the  probable
effects of a proposed action on the
quality of the human environment.
Environmental impact statements are
used as tools for decision making
and are required by the  National •
Environmental Policy Act.
 flOKVMEHT 0 DJ1H5IHHH HA OKPVKAIOlUyiO
 CPEfly

              npHrOTOBJlGHHUfi  KaKHM-
                  areHTCTBOM  OTHO-
          DOSMowHoro BJIHHHHH  KaKoro-
 Jin6o npoexxa HJIH npefljioweimn iia
          OKpywawmefl cpcabi. TaKiie
           cjiywax Caaofi ann npuiia-
 THH COOTBeXCXByiOIUHX peUieHHfl  H OHM
 xpeGysJxcH corjiacHo rocy«apcxBenHO-
 My saKOHy 06 oxpane BHewHeB
GUIDELINE

   Administrative  regulation determ-
ining the quality  control level of
air, inland waters,  territorial seas,
contiguous zones,  oceans, and other
areas which as  a result of urban -
industrial concentration have sub-
stantial water  quality control
problems.
YKA3AHHfl

   AflMHHHCXpaXHBHblS ROCTaHOBJieHHH,
             Kaiecxso KOHTPOJIH sa-
          Boanyxa,  BHyxpeHHMx BOH,
TeppHTopnajibHbix  BOH,  MOpCKOfi npn~
Gpextioft 3OHU,  OKeanoB H apyrux
yvacTKOB, rne  B  pesyjibTaxe ypOaHH-
aauHH H HHflyCTpHajiii3aunn; cymecxBy-
ex cepiiesHaH npoSJieMa KOHTPOJIH Ka-
'JSCTBa
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

   A document of the  steps  to be
taken to ensure attainment  of environ-
mental quality standards within a
specified time period.  Implementation.
plans are required by various laws.
I1J1AH OCyiUECTBJIEHMa

             $opMyjinpywninfl nopnnOK
             HeouxoaHMUx ana oOec-
        flocxHKeHMH  CTannapTOB Ka-
       oKpyxcaiomeft cpeflu B
             nepiioaoB
             OHonaxeJibHue opraHu
xpeGyioT npencxaajieHHH xaKHx nua-
HOB.
INDUSTRIAL USER

   A manufacturing source whose
effluent  is discharged into a
municipal sewer system and is
required  to pay for its proportionate
share of  the  capital cost of
construction  of any municipal
facility  it uses.
nPOMbMHEHHbia  BOnonOTPEEHTEJIb

   HCXOMHHK npOMHUUieHHOro npO(])HJiH,
CTOKH KOTOporo cGpacbisaiOTCH B ro-
poflCKyio  KaHajiHaauHOHHyro ceTb. Ta-
KOft HCTO1HHK  OGHSaH fleJIHTb paCXOflU
no KanuxajibHOMy cxpOHxejibCxsy xex
ropoflCKKX  oOijeKXOB, ycJiyraMH KOXO-
pux OH
INFOKMATION

   Advisory material  from the Admin-
istrators office  on the
factors necessary to  restore and
maintain the  chemical,  physical, and
biological integrity  of all navigable
waters, ground  waters,  waters of the
contiguous zone,  andtne oceans; on
the  factors necessary for the protec-
tion and propagation  of fish, shell-
fish, and wildlife classes; on re-
creational activities in and on the
water; on measurement and classifica-
tion of water quality;  and the iden-
tification of pollutants suitable for
maximum daily load measurement.
HHOOPMAUHH

   KoHcyjibxaTHBHufl  MarepHaJi,  nony-
laeMuft MS Kanue/iapHH AflMHHHCTpa-
ropa AreHTcxaa  no  sauiHTe oiKaio-
meft cpeflH, Ha xeMy  HOpMaTHBHbix
4>aKTOpOB, HeoSXOflHMHIX RJIR BOCCX3-
HOBJ1SHHH H COXpaHeHMH XHMHHeCKOfi,
(JjHSH^eCKOfl H OHOJlOTHieCKOft ^HCTO-
TU scex cy«oxo»nux, rpyiixoBbix H
Hpyrux BOfl H son npiiOpexHoH Mop-
CKOtt 30HU H OKSaHOB. AreHXCTBO
xaxxe HHiJiopMHpyex  o: $aKxopax, Ka-
CaiOIUHXCH OXpailbJ H  pa3MHO«eHHH
pu6, MOJTJiwcKOB, paKooiipaaHux H
flHKHX JKHBOTHblX  H HXHUP O BO3MOM(HO~
CXHX KynauHH, cnopra o or«uxa Ha
                                        95

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                                                   ciicxeMax HSMepenwa H  KJiaccw-
                                            (J)HKau,nn  Kaqecxsa BOALJ; H noicnsa-
                                            T6J1HX  3arpH3HnxeJiefi, npnroniibix
                                            B xawccTBC Mepnjia win OUCHKH  Maic-
                                            CHMywa cyxoiHbix narpyaoK.
LICENSE

   A  legal  document allowing an
activity  to be conducted.  A permit
is a  form of a license.
JIHUCH3HH
                          naiouwfl
npaso  Ha  onpenejiem-tuft run nen-
xeJibiiocTH.  Pa3pemenne - axo
J1HUGH3HH.
MUNICIPALITY

   A city,  town,  borough, county,
parish, district,  association, or
other public  body created by or
pursuant  to State law and having
jurisdiction  over disposal of sewage,
industrial  wastes, or other wastes.
MVHHUHnAJlHTET


   TOpOfl, M6CX61KO,  OKpyT, paftOH,
OGiUHHHblH nOCBJlOK HJIH HH3H nyUJIHH-
HO-npaBosaH  Kopnopauun, OCJ>OPMHBUIH-
6CH B CHJiy H B COOTB6TCTBHM CO
UlTaTHUMH 3aKOH3MH H
lOpHCflHKUHeft  H3fl CMCTeMBMH
HHH CTOKOB H npOMhiiiineHHUX H
    OTXOflOB.
NEGLIGENCE

   Failure  to  exercise a reasonable
amount of care.
 HEEPEKHOCTb
    HenpOHBJieHHe Haflnewameft Mepu
 336OTJIHBOCTH HJ1H OCTOpOJKHOCTH .
NEW SOURCE

   An industrial  source on which
construction  is initiated after a
new source performance standard for
that industry is  proposed.
HOBblB MCTOqHHK

   HCTOVIHHK  npoMbmuieHHoro
       CXpOHTeJlfaCTBO KOTOpOTO Ha~
     nocne BBefleHHs HOBBIX pa6oviux
HOpMaTMBOB flJlH 3XOFO THH3
JIGHHUX HCIO^HHKOB .
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARD
 (NSPS)
    The  level of pollution control
to  be attained by all new industrial
sources.   It generally requires the
'highest level of control of any
effluent guidelines.
PAE01HE HOPMATHBEJ flJIH HOBOFO
HCTOqHHKA

    KOHTpOJlb ypOBHH 3arpH3HeHHH
npHMeHHTentHO K HOBUM npoMbmuieH-
HUM HCXOHHHK3M.  KaK npaBHJIO,
B6Hb KOHXPOJIH HOBblX HCXO^HIIKOB
npenycMaxpHsaex MaxcMMaJibHO BUCO
KHB xpeOonaHHH K Kaiccxsy  cOpa-
cusaeMbix
OWNER OR OPERATOR

    (1)  In the case of a vessel, any
person owning,  operating, of chart-
ering by demise,  such vessel, and
 (2)in the case of an onshore facility
and an offshore facility, any person
owning or operating such onshore
facility or offshore facility, and
 (3) in the case of any abandoned
offshore facility, the person who
owned or operated such facility
immediately prior to such abandonment.
COECTBEHI1HK  HJ111 nPCflnPHHllHATEJIb

   I/ npHMSHHxenbHO K cyjQaM - jiioOoe
JIHIO.O, BJiaseiJiuee CVHHOM, dKcnjiyaxii-
pyiouiee cyflHO,  HJIH Qpaxxyumee HJIH
apeHflyiomoe cyflHo, HJIH oxflaumee ero
B HaeM.
   2/ npHMenvixeJibHO K o(5jCKTaM Ha
cyme Jiu6o B  OXKPUXOM Mope - jiuOoe
JIHUO, BJianeioiuee xaKHMH oo:>eKxaMvt
SKcnjiyaxHpyumee HX.
   3/ npHMBHHXeJIbHO K nOKHHyXbIM 33
HeroflHocxbio  ou^eKxaM B OTKPLJTOM
                                        96'

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                                             Mope - HUGOS JIHUO,  KOTOpoe BJia.qe.no
                                             T3KHM OGbCKXOM HUH  3KCI1JiyaXHpOBajlO
                                             ero flo TOTO MOMeHTa,  K&K oxox
                                             OOliGICT (3blJl UpOUieH.
 PERMIT APPLICATION

    The form completed by a discharger
 and submitted to a Government agency
 so a permit can be issued.  These
 forms describe present discharge
 conditions  and treatment practices.
                                             BAflBKA HA PA3PELUEHHE
           3anoJinennbift BoaonoxpeGH-
       H npeacxaBJicHHbift Ha paccMO-
 rpeuHe cooxBexcxByioii)HM rocyoapcx-
 BeHHbiw opraHaM c uejibio ncxnyvieiiHn
 paapeuieHHn.  Taxofl 6jiam< onHcusaex
 cyinecxsyMUHe VCJIOBHH cQpoca  H  Me-
 TOflHKy OGpaGOTKH .
 PERMIT CONDITION

    The specific requirements  set
 forth in a permit and which are
 enforceable.
yCJIOBHE  nOCTABJIEHHOE D PA3PEU1EHHH

   CneuH
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 RIPARIAN WATER RIGHTS
HPADA BJlAflEJlbUA nPHEJPE)KIIOfl nOJIOCbl
    The legal right which assures  to
 the owner of land abutting upon a
 stream or other natural body of
 water the use of such water. It
 originated in the common law, which
 allowed each riparian owner to
 require the waters of a stream to
 reach his land "undiminished in
 quantity and unaffected in quality"
 except for minor domestic uses.
 It  has been abrogated in a number
 of  the western states, and greatly
 modified in others,  and in general,
 at  the present time, allows each
 riparian owner to make a reasonable
 use of the water upon his riparian
 land,  the extent of such use being
'governed by the reasonable needs
 and requirements of other riparian
 owners and the quantity of water
 available.
   npoBonpHxnaaime
         KOTOporo npiuicraex K peiXHM3 HJIH CBOflCTB BO~
flhi, T.e.  Apyrwe BJiaACJibUbi MO ruin
FIOJlbSOBaXbCH BOflOfl H3 3TOTO )KC
BOflOTOKa TOJIbKO fl/IH MHCXO OhlTOBblX
   3TOT  33KOH  DWJ1 OTM6H6H B
     aanaflHbix  urraTOD H
             B  npyrn.x mxaTax. B  iia-
         BpeMH,  B oGmew H UBJIOM,
           npnupe»HOfi nojiocu paape-
       nojibsoBaxbCH DOAOI'I B pasyM-
HUX npejqcJiax oOocHOBaHHbix ny^Kfl  H
          xaioKe aaKOHHue HHxepecu
            XBKHX xe
          H pyKOBoancb
           B pacnopH«enHH
SCHEDULE OF COMPLIANCE

   A schedule of  remedial measures
including an enforceable sequence
of actions or operations leading to
compliance with an effluent limita-
tion, other limitation,  prohibition,
or standard.
TPAOMK OCyiOECTBJlEHHfl
                         so«ooxpaH-
HblX MepOnpHHTHfl  BKJIUMaH fleflCTDHH
npasoBoro npHHyflHTejibHoro xapaxxe-
pa, c uejiiw  aacTasuxB soaonoxpeoH-
xejiett coujiionaxb  HOPMU
Ha cdpoc sarpHSHHTe/iefl H
             H
SELF-MONITORING

   A permit  condition that requires
the discharger  to monitor at a
specified  frequency the quantity
and quality  of  the discharge.
CAMQyqPEKflEHHOE HAEJBOflEHHE
            npH Bbwa»ie
xpebyioiuee ox
cepacbisaiomero CXOKH, CBMOMV  KOH-
xpojmpoBaxb B aaflaHHue npOMewyxxn
BpeMSHH  KOJ1H16CXBO H K3»leCIBO
c6poca .
STATE AUTHORITY

   The authority of any State to
establish and  enforce any more
stringent standard than that
established  by the Federal
Government.
UlTATHblE nOJlHQMOIHfl

   npaco uixaxHbix  opranos ycxaHOBHxb
H oOecneHHTb coSjinneHHe Gojiee cxpo-
FHX Ka^ecTBeHHbix  cxanflapxos MBM xe,
xoxopue ycxaHOB/ieHbi d>enepaJibHbiM
TERRITORIAL SliAS

   The belt of  the seas measured
from  the  line of ordinary low water
along that  portion of the coast which
is in direct contact with the open
sea and the line marking the seaward
limit of  inland waters, and extending
seaward a distance of three miles.
TEPPHTOPHAJIbHblE BOflbl

   MopcxaH  nojioca, ncvncjiHEMan
OX  IIOpMaJlbHOft J1HHMI1 BOflH npH OTJ1H-
se  Bflojib  CeperoB,  nenocpeflCTBemio
conpHKacaumHxcn c  OTKpuxbiM MOPCM,
flo  BHeiUHefl  JIHHHH,  oOosHaiauiayjo
npejcieJibiiyu  rpaHiiuy BiiyrpeHHHx Mop-
CKHX son, pacnpocxHpaiuotHxcn B cxo-
pOHy MOpH H3 paCCXOHHHC Xpex MHJIb.
                                       98

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 TOXIC  STANDARD
                                             CTAIlflAPT HA CEPOC  TOKCHMHUX CTOKOD
    The amount of a toxic substance
allowed to be discharged by  a class
or  category of sources.
    flonycTHMOe KOJII-HICCTBO TOKCIIMIIUX
BClUeCTB,  CGpaCWBaCMhJX  KaKOfi-JIHGO
K3TCrOpHefi HJIM KJ13CCOM IICTOMHHKOB.
USE DESIGNATION

   The assigned use of the water
body, incorporated within water
quality standards.  Example:
drinking water supply; contact
recreation;  shellfish cultivation.
 PA3PK1IIEI1HE HA BOJ10110Jlb30DAHllE
               iia nojibaooanMc
 us  onpcflcjicmioro sojuoeMa HJIII BO.HO-
 TOiPIANCE

    Permission granted  by a governirr
 body for delay or exception ir the
 application of a given Daw, ordi-
 nance or regulation.
HCCOOTKETCTBllE 3AKOHV

   Pa3pcmcHne,  Bbmaimoe opranaMii
          iia orcponKy HJIH HCKJIIJIIC
HHG B npnMencimn KaKoro-.nnoo sa-
Kona, npaBHJia HJIH nocTauosjieHHH.
VIOLATION

   Failure  to observe any official
law, order  or regulation.
HAPVmEHllE
                               nocra-
          KaKoro-JiiOo SQKona,  pacno-
PH3K6HHH HJIH
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA

    (1) The  levels of pollutants
that affect the suitability of
water for a given use.  Generally,
water use classification includes:
public water supply; recreation;
propagation of fish and other
aquatic  life;  agricultural use
and industrial use.   (2) The total
of those individual criteria that,
as a group, specify the water
quality  conditions necessary to
support  the intended water uses.
KPMTEPHM  KAiIECTBA
   I/ VpOBHH 3arpH3HHTejiefl,  BJ1HH-
101UH6 H3  npHTOflHOCTb BOfltJ
soflaHHn.  B obneM H ue/iow,
3OBaHne  MO*IIO pasoiiib Ha cjicnyio-
iune KaicropiiH:  KOMMyHajibHoe  soao-
cna6»eHHe; HcnoJibBOBauHe BOflbi RJISI
OTflbixa H cnopra; BOAB fljrn  pbiBoxo-
3nficTBei!Hbix uejiefi H ana pa3B6Ae-
HHH apyrHX BOMHUX opraimsMOD; BOfl
fljifi ceJibCKOxossiftcTBeHHoro  11  npo-
Mtjuifiemioro noTpeo/iciiHH.
   2/ COBOKyriHOCTb OTflBJlbHblX KPII-
TepHGB B HCJIOM,  KOTOpbie OGyCJlOBJlH
     xa^ecTBo Boahi, neoOxoaHMoe
    yflOBJieTBOpeHHH Hy!!
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HATER QUALITY STANDARD
                                            HOPMATHBU KAMECTBA BOfllJ
   A plan  for water quality
management containing four major
elements:   the use (recreation,
drinking water,  fish and wildlife
propagation,  industrial or
agricultural)  to be made of the
water; criteria to protect those
uses; implementation plans (for
needed industrial-municipal waste
treatment  improvements) and
enforcement plans, and an anti-
degradation statement to protect
existing high quality waters.
             BOfloncnojibGOBaniin  H
KaiocTBOiiHoro pery-jtHpoBomifl;  COCTO-
HT H3 IGTHpex OCHOBHblX UOJIO/'eHnii :
             BOAHHMH pecypcaMii  nan
        H  cnopTa,  AJIH nHTbeniiix  ucjieii,
    paaaoflCHHn pudu H AILKHX MIBOT-
HHX, flJIfl  npOMbDll-ieHHOrO H CCJIbCKOXO-
3fliicTBCHHOrO JiaOHaMeilHHj ICpIITepMH
AJIH oCJocneveHHH BumeyKaaaHHUX  acneit-
TOB noJibooBaiwn;  BHeflpemie HOBoii
TexHHKH flJifl HeofixoAHMbix ycoBepiiieH-
CTBOBBHHH B CHCTeMS OMIICTKH KOMMy-
HaJIbllLIX H npOMUIUJieHHLIX CTOKOB, BKJIiO-
nan ocymecTBJiouHe cooTBeTCTBy.umHx
nocTaHOB^ieiinii;  $opwyjinpoDKa  IIOJIHTH
KH  nenoHHXceHiifl KanecTBa soa  c
cyuiecTByioiunMii BMCOHHMH
HUMM
WATER RIGHT(S)

   The right (s),  acquired under the
law, to use the water occurring in
surface or ground waters, for a
specified purpose and in a given
manner and usually within the limits
of a given period.  While such
right(s) may  include the use of a
body of water for navigation, fish-
ing, and hunting, and other recrea-
tional purposes,  etc., the term is
usually applied  to the right to
divert or store water for some bene-
ficial purpose or use, such as irri-
gation, generation of hydroelectric
power, domestic or municipal water
supply.  In some  states, a water
right by law  becomes appurtenant to
the particular tract of land to
which the water  is applied.
BOflHOE  nPflBO

   Dpaea,  npHoGpcxeHHue B ci-iJiy
aaKOHa,  Ha noJibsosaHHe BOflofl  a
nOBCpXHOCTHblX  H rpyHTOBUX BOAOTOK3X
H sofloeMax,  oObiKHOBeHHO B npeflejiax
             CPOKOB, fljiH cneun
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       Part IV



ADMINISTRATIVE  TERMS
        101

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ADMINISTRATOR
                                            AflMMHHCTPATOP
   The head of an agency;  first level
of command.
   HaiajibHHK areHTCTDa;
HHCT3HUHH D 3DCHG
                         nepoan
AGENCY

   An organizational unit  of the
Federal government with  responsibil-
ity for conducting a specific pro-
gram.
AFEHTCTBO

   Oprann3aunoHHaH
HOTO npaBHTeJibcxsa,
33 ocyuiecxBJiGime KaKofl-jwbo cneuH
APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION

   The Appalachian Regional  Commis-
sion is a joint Federal-State part-
nership concerned with  the economic,
physical, and social development of
the 13 State Appalachian  region.  The
Commission consists of  the Governors
(or their representatives) of the 13
Appalachian States, and a permanent
Federal Cochairman appointed by the
President with the advice and consent
of the Senate.

   Each State is required to file an
Appalachian Development Plan every
year.  The Commission staff  in
Washington reviews and  provides tech-
nical assistance in specific projects
submitted under those general plans
by State representatives.
 AnnAJlAVICKAfl PEFHOHAJlbHAg  KOMHCCHH

    KOMHCCHH DHpaWaST COBM6CTHOO
 cxpeM/iem-ic ^enepajibiitax opraiioB
 H  opraHOB TpHHanuaTH uixaxoa,  oxsa-
 TUDawiunx reorpa(i>HHecicyi3 xeppHxopH'j
 Anna/lain , K aiconoMHwecKOMy, oOme-
 CTseHHOMy H MaxepnajibHOMy pasBwxmo
 H  GjiarococTOHHHiu naHHofi reppnTopnH.
 KOMHCCHH COCTOIIT H3 ry6epH3TOpOB
 HJIH HX npe.ucxaBHTe.nefi scex Tptman-
 uaxH 3anHTepecosaHHbix wxaxoB  H no-
 cxoHHHoro conpenceaarejiH,
 weHHoro DpesHAQHTOM H
 Horo CeHaTOM.
    Kaxnufi H3 3anHTepecosaHHtJX
 TOB OOH33H GKerOflHO npeflCT3BHTb
 Ha paccMOTpeHHe KOMHCCHH  CBOH nnan
          AnnaJiaMCKOfl oCjiacxH . 3ace-
        B BauiHHTTOHe KOMHCCHH  nepe-
                                            H ocsecne^HBaeT cneuH(])nuecKne npo-
                                            eKTbi OTflgJibHtax npeflCTasHTejiefl H&-
                                            OQXOAHMOH TeXHH^ieCKOH  FIOMOIUblO.
ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR

   The head of a major program area
within an agency; third  level  of
command.  Example:  Assistant  Admin-
istrator for Water.
nOMOlUHHK  AflMllHHCTPATOPA
          Kaxofl-JiH6o KpynHOfl nporpa
MMbi B paMKax areHTCTBa; TPBTBH HH-
CT3HUHH  B 3BeHe ynpasjieHHH. HanpH-
Mep: noMOutHHK AaMHHHCTpaTopa no
sonpocaw
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT,  DEPARTMENT
OF THE INTERIOR

   The Bureau is responsible  for the
total management of 450 million acres
of national resource lands.   In
addition to minerals management
responsibilities on the national
resource  lands and the Outer
Continental Shelf, the Bureau is
also responsible for subsurface
resource management of an additional
310 million acres where mineral
rights have been reserved to  the
Federal Government.

   Resources managed and leased by
the Bureau include timber,  minerals,
geothermal energy, wildlife habitat,
livestock forage, recreation  and
cultural values, and open space.
BIOPO HO ynPABJIEHHIO 3EHEJlbHblMH
PECVPCAMH, MUHHCTEPCTDO BlIVTPEllHHX
flEJl

   Eiopo OTBeiCTBeHHO sa ynpasjieHHe
450 MHJ1J1HOH3MH  3KPOB HaUHOHa^bHblX
seMeJib. Ciofla  BxonHT oCHsaHHOCTH no
KOHTpojTio MHHepaJifaHbix pecypcos Ha
nauHOnaJibHbix  seMJinx H B
BHeuiuero
H no Hajqsopy  nan
pecypcaMH aoBauo'-iHfajx 310 MHJIJIHOHOB
aKpoB, me OeaepajibHoe npaBHTeJib-
CTBO coxpaHHer  3a coOoa see npasa
Ha floGbwy MHnepajioB.
   Pecypcu, KoxopUMH ynpaBjinex
Eiopo HJIH KOTopue  OHO cflaox B apeH-
Ry, BKJiKwaioT  jiec,  MHHCpajibi, reoxep
MWiecKyio SHeprmo,  Mecra
flHKHX >KHBOTIIUX  H  nXHU.,
KOPM fljJH cxoxa, Mecxa oxjouxa H
                                       102

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   The Bureau also  manages watersheds
to protect soil and enhance water
quality; develops recreational
opportunities on national resource
lands; and makes land available
through sale  to individuals,
organizations, local governments,
and other Federal agencies when such
transfer is in the  public interest.
xypnoro
                              11
   Bijpo ocymccTBJisic-i nawsop
        unccefiiiaMii c ue/ifaij oxpanu
no'JB H noubuucniiH DOAHUX KBHCCTU;
noompncT  pasBHTiie IIODUX MCCT ;uin
       na Hannoiiajibiibix aeM.nnx;  n
        3CMJ1IO MaCTIIbIM IIOKync.lTC.MHM,
opraHHsauiiHM HJTM MCCTHUM npaniiTOJib-
CTB3M, HJIH nepenaex cc npyniM  -iefi Bijpo HBJTHCTCH
           n  nooupcnne pasBHTnn
MGCTHoro n oOiaepernona/ibnoro xo-
3«flcTBa nyxeM onTHMaJibiioro ncnojib-
sosanufi DOfliibix u 3eMCJibHbix pecyp-
COB ccMnajttuaxH cMeAiiu
1UT3TOB .
   OcHOHiiue 4>yiiKumi Bijpo
HCCJieflODflHHC H paSBIITIIG UpOCKTOD
nnn pervniipoBamm, KoiiccpoHpoDamm
n ncnojib jonaHHH BOJIIIUX n 3CMe/ibiiux
pecypcofl H Hsy^ieiiHe uoanoro IIOTCII-
       no Doaocoopy B UCJIOM; HCCJIC-
              nporpaMMti nnn
                                        103

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maximum use of water resources in-
cluding weather modification;  design
and construction of authorized pro-
jects for which funds have  been
appropriated by the Congress;  oper-
ation and maintenance of  projects and
facilities constructed by the  Bureau,
and review of the operation and main-
tenance of Bureau-built projects "and
facilities which are operated  and
maintained by water users;  settlement
of public or acquired lands on Bureau
projects; administration  of the Small
Reclamation Projects Act  of 1956
and loans for construction  or  re-
habilitation of irrigation  systems.
 CHIEF

    One who heads an area called a
 branch within a specific program.
 Example:   Water Monitoring Data
 Systems Branch, EPA.  Fifth level of
 command.
CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

   The Corps of Engineers is respon-
sible for management  of Ar-ay engi-
neering, construction,  installations,
family housing, real  estate, facili-
ties requirements and stationing, and
real property maintenance activities;
environmental preservation and im-
provement activities; applicable re-
search and development  activities for
engineer missions to  include environ-
mental sciences; Army topographic and
military geographic information ac-
tivities; and engineer  aspects of
Army strategic and operational plans.

   The Army's Civil Works Program,
a responsibility of the Corps of
Engineers, is the Nation's major
Federal water resources development
activity and involves engineering
works such as major dams, reservoirs,
levees, harbors, waterways, locks,
and many other  types of structures.
These works provide flood protection
for cities and major  river valleys,
reduce the cost of transportation,
supply water for municipal and in-
dustrial use, generate  hydroelectric
power, provide recreational oppor-
tunities for vast numbers of people,
regulate the rivers for many purposes
including the improvement of water
quality and the enhancement of fish
and wildlife, and protect the shores
of the oceans and lakes.  Planning
assistance is also provided to States
and other non-Federal entities for
management of water resources, in-
cluding pollution abatement works.
         HcnojibaonaHHfi BOJIHUX pe-
cypcoB coBMecTiso c nporpaMwaMn
                 M6TCOpO.nOrHiICCKHX
         paapaOoTica H coopywoime
ynpasoMOMeHHbix npocKron, fl.rm KOTO-
pux Konrpecc yxce OTnycrnji neo6xo-
flHMtae cpencTBa;  3KCii.nyaTau.nH oou-
CKTOB, coopyHteHHbix cnJiawH Eupo
             H nan3Op nap. oG-beKxaMH,
              no HHHUHa-IHBe BlOpO, HO
saceJieHHe oGmecxBemibix H
BJiafleJibMecKHX aeMeJib B npe«e.nax
npoexTon, peajiH3OBannux opranawH
Biopo; aflMHHncxpnpOBaHne ocymecTBJie-
HUH 3aKOHa  o Ma/iux MeJiuopaxHBHLJX
npoeici-ax c  1956 roaa H npeflocTaBJie-
HHe aaflMOB  na coopyxeHHe HOBUX H
Mejinopaunio  cymecTByiomHx opocnxejib-
HHX CHCTCM.
HJ1H (|lHJIMaJl  lOKOB-JIHGO
nporpaMMU.  HanpHMep: nonoTfleji "CH-
       c&opa naHHtJx" OTflejia KOHTPOJIH
          BOfl,  AreHTCTBO no 3amnxe
            cpenbi.  nnTas
B  3Bene
HH)KEHEPHblfl KOPHVC,
MHHHCTEPCTBO APMMH
    B
nyca
VnpaBJieHHe KH*enepHhiMH cyxonyxHUMH
BOflCKaMH,  BKJTOViaH CTPOHTeJlbHQ-MOHTa-
        ,  H6flBH)KHMOe HMVUieCTBO,
 peOHOCTH  B oOopyflosaHHH,
 HOC CHaO?:ceHne H TexHHviecKHe u pe-
 MOHTHbie CJiy3K6bI.
 Oxpana H  yjiyiuieHHe ycjiOBHfi OKpywa-
 Miaefi cpeflu. npHKjnanHfcae HccjieflosaHHr
 H  onbiTHue paGoTbi npHMein-iTeJibno  K
         HHJxeHepHbix BOMCK H
       oO  OKpyxaiamefi cpeae.
        HmjjopwauHH apMeftcKiix
            H soeHHO-reorpaOmiecKofl
         . MnxeHepHbie acneKTfai  apMefi-
 CKHX cipaTern»iecKHx H onepaiHBHbix
               Kopnyc OTseTCToeH aa
 ApMeflcnyio nporpaMwy no crpOHTeJibHtiM
 paGoxaM rpawnancxoro xapaxxepa. Cw-
 jia B nepsyio o^epenb sxoflHx  passHTHe
 OeaepajibHux BOAKUX pecypcos HamiH.
 STO Bxrao^aex HH»tenepno-CTponTejjbHbie
 npoeKTtj THna Kpynntax nnoTHH,  pcaep-
 ByapoB, nasiC H BSJIOB, uini'JSOB,  raea-
 nefl, BOflHwx nyreft H paaJiHunwx npy-
 THX coopyweHMft. Uejibia Bcex  DXHX co-
 opyatennfl nnjijiexcn: npeaoxpaiieHHe
 ropoaoB H KpynHbix PGIHUX flOJinn OT
 onacHOCxw nasoflKOB; CHHaenHC pacxo-
     no xpancnopxy; cna(j*enne Bo^ofl
           H npOMboiLneHHbix noTpeSme-
                   ojiei
-------
                                            BOflbl H yCJlODHft RJlfL 5KH3I1H  pblG ,  HTMU.
                                            H flHKHX SBepcfl; oxpana  oeperoa oaep
                                            H OKC3HOB.
                                               HH*enepnufl Kopnyc  OKaauBaex
                                            noMouib opranaM lura-roB H apyriiM ne-
                                            eAepaJu>HUM opraHHsauKHM  npw miaHH-
                                            pOBanHH MeponpHfifwfl no  oxpane H HC-
                                            nOJli>3ODQHHH BOfl H UO  3ai4HT6 OT 33-
                                            rpH3nennfl.
COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

   The Council consists  of three
members appointed by  the President
by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate.  One of the members
is designated by the  President as
Chairman.  The Council is located
within the Executive  Office of the
President.

   The council develops  and recom-
mends to the President national
policies which promote environmental
quality, performs a continuing ana-
lysis of changes or trends in the
national environment, and assists the
President in the preparation of the
annual environmental  quality report
to the Congress.
COBET HO KA'iECTBy OKPyjKAlOIilEfl
CPEflU
   COBBT COCTOHT  H3  TpeX
Ha3HaMSHHbix npesHneHTOM H yxnep
        CeHai'OM.  OflHoro us
CoBexa.
   COBBT pacnojioxeH B
HOft KaHueJinpnH  npe3HflenTa. COBET
paspaCjaxuaaeT H peKowen«yeT Hpe-
3nneHTy MeponpHHTHH
noro MacuixaOa no yjiymueHHio
aa OKpywaiomert cpejibi;
.THajiHSHpyeT nepeMSHH H
B npoojieMaTHKe  oxpaHU cpeau; noi«io
raex npesHflSHTy npw cocTasJieHHH
          oTHBTa o KaiecTBe cpe«fai
    npencTaojieHHH BTOPO
KoHrpeccy.
DEPARTMENT

   An organizational  unit of the
Federal government with responsibil-
ity for conducting a  specific pro-
gram, and whose head  is a member of
the Presidential Cabinet.
MHHHCTEPCTBO

   OpraHHsauHOHHan e;anHHii.a 
-------
 DEPARTMENT Or HEALTH,  EDUCATION,
 AND WELFARE

    The Department of Health,
 Education, and Welfare (HEW)  is
 the Cabinet-level department  of the
 Federal executive branch  -rost
 concerned with people  and most
 involved with the Nation's human
 concerns.  In one way  or  another -
 whether it is mailing  out social
 security checks, or improving the
 quality of American education, or
 making health services more widely
 available - HEW touches the lives
 of  more Americans than any other
 Federal agency.  It is laterally
 a department of people serving
 people, from newborn infants  to our
 most elderly citizens.
                                                                             nro-
          11 couiiAJiMioi'O or.ECin:iii:iinn
    MIIIIIICICPCTBO HBJlflOTCfl DGUOMCTBOM
Ha  Kaoinio'i MOM ypOBHC  a  paMicax c.»c-
pajIbHOIl HClIOJIIIHTCJIbllOM  BJIrtCTII .
rjiaanon aajiaich MmmcrcpcTna HBJIH-
CTCII  oiioica  Han iiacoJiemicM Hauim
H noiievicinic o cro  iiyyuiax.  B oOn-
3annocTH HiiimcTepcrBa DXOJIIIT pas-
fla'ia  »IGKOB  jiimaM,  iiMe'juiiM npano
no  comiajibiioc oOccnciienne;  COBCPUJCH-
CTnonaiiiic KaiccTBa CIICTCMU npocBe-
meiiHn n AMCPHKC; H paciuiipeiniG npii-
BH/ierurt CJiyjKubi JHpaBoo-xpanemin .
MHHIICTCPCTUO, B GOJlblllCft MCPC 4CM
            wpyroe  <]>e;iopani>noc BC-
          HMcer nenocpc/ici Beniioc OT-
iioiiieiiHe K iipoojievc OjiarococTOHunn
naceJicHiin.  STO B IIOJIIIOM CMbicjie GJIO-
ua  oCmeiiapoflHoe DCAOMCTBO,  oOc;iyj<;i-
naiomee ucc  nnccjiCH»e  u  UCJIOM, OT
HOBOpowioiihtJx jjeTefi juo  rpaxjian ca-
MOTO  iipCKJioinioro eoapacia.
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT

   The Department was created  to
administer the principal programs
which provide assistance for housing
and for  the development of the
Nation's communities; to assist the
President in achieving maximum coor-
dination of the various Federal
activities which have a ma^or effect
upon urban community, suburban, or
metropolitan development; to encour-
age the  solution of problems of hous-
ing and  urban development through
State, county, town, village, or
other local and private action, in-
cluding  promotion of interstate,
regional,  and metropolitan coopera-
tion; to encourage the maximum con-
tributions that may be made by vigor-
ous private homebuilding and mort-
gage lending industries to housing,
urban development, and the national
economy;  and to provide for full and
appropriate consideration, at  the
national level, of the needs and
interests of the Nation's communities
and of the people who live and work
in them.
HHIIHCTEPCTBO KIIJIUUIIOI'O H  rOPOflCKO-
rO CTPOliTCJlbCTDA
   MIIHHCTCPCTBO J
    ynpaujieHHJi OCHOBHHMH  nporpa-
MM3MH HOOlUPeHHH H paSDHTHH  KOMMy-
HajlbHOTO  H  WHJlHIUHOrO CTpOHTCJlbCTBa
HauHH; flJiH  coaencTBiiH Hpe3n,ncHi y
«OGHTbCH  MaiGICTMBIIOfl
KOOPAHH3UH11 fleHTCJlbKOCTH
KOTOPUX  3aTparnoa.oT npoGneMaTHKy
PQ3BHTMK KpynHblX HaCSJlCHHblX UBHTpOB
H ropoflCKHx H npHroponHbix  paflOHOB;
OKpyjKHblX. ,  TOpOflCKHX H CenbCKHX
nporpauM  no xmimuHOMy H  KOMi^iyna^b-
HOMy CTpOHTSJlbCTQy , BKJVJiaH MCCT-
HblC H  ^laCTHOBJiauejIbHCCKIie npOSKTbl;
fljin coneflcTBHH pa3BnrHio  Oo/iec Tec-
HOTO coTpyfliimiecTBa Mcwiiy opraHann
OTflEJlbllblX IJT3TOB, paflOHOB H KpynilMX
TOPOBCKHX U6HTPO3; Rl\a nOOUlpGHIIH
MQKCHMaJlI.HblX KanilTajlODJlOJKeilUfl II
         3nepriiiiiibix lacrHux npoanpn-
           M aajioroflcpjitflTCJicn iia
nocTpofii
-------
supervises  the Federal ponal  institu-
tions, and  investigates and detects
violations  against Fedora] laws.
It represents the Government  in
legal matters generally, rendering
legal advice and opinion:., upon
request,  to the President and to  the
heads of  the executive departments.
The Attorney General supervises and
directs the activities of the U.  S.
Attorneys and Marshals in the various
judicial  districts.
CTBO neflCT  DCO HCKOJIIJC flejia  n liep-
XODHOM cy,ne,  KOTOPIJC Kacairrcsi CHIA;
ocymccTBflncT  iirmaop HJTI ii>cjicpajiL.-
nofl ncniiTciimiapiiofi CIICTCMOU;  n
paccJiejiycT  n  oOnapyxomaer  iinpyineimsi
             BclKOIlOU. MllHHCICpC'I BO
              npauitreJibcrno ClilA BO
BCCX npanonux nonpoca.x; n, no cnc-
UHaJitiiOMy TpcGouaimio, jiacT lopimii-
HCCKHC COBCTS1 lIpCSIlHGHXy M Mil IIIICT P3M,
3 TQKJKC  II FJiaUaM HCnOJlHHTOJlbHIJX
yypeJKJ-ieHHfl.  Mmincxp IJCXHU.HH  ocyiuo-
CXBJIJJCX  na«3Op iiaa rocy«apcTncimbi-
MH npOKypopaMii n Ha^iajibHUKdMH no-
jiHueftcKiix ynacTKOB pasjiHvmux cyacG-
HblX OKpyrOB H pylCOBOflHT HX «CfITe/lb-
HOCXbhJ.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

    The  Department of Labor  is  charged
with  administering and enforcing
statutes  designed to advance  the
public  interest by promoting  the
welfare of the wage earners of the
United  States, improving  their work-
ing conditions, and advancing  their
opportunities for profitable  employ-
ment.
MHHHCTEPCTBO TPVflA

   B oGsrsanHOCTH MHHHCTcpcTna nxo-
.EIHT  rjiacHWM oi>pa30M aflMimncrpnpo-
Banne  npaoonopJiflKa H MeponpiiHTiin
no coOji.oflenmj aeficTBy.oiuiix  aaKoiiOB,
KOTOpbie,  B HHTSpOCaX OOllieCTDGIIHOCTH,
pnaJibHoro GjiarococTOHHHfi  paoovniK
H cJiyKaiuHX B CU1A, BKJijOuan ynyMiuc-
    ycJioBHfi Tpyjia H BO3MOJKiiocTe(l
        aapaGoTKOB.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE

   The  Department of State's  primary
objective  in the execution of our
foreign policy is to promote  the
long-range security and well-being
of the  United States.  The Depart-
ment determines and analyzes  the
facts relating to our overseas
interests,  makes recommendations
on policy  and future action,  and
takes the  necessary steps to  carry
out established policy.  In so doing,
the Department engages in continuous
consultations with other states;
negotiates treaties and agreements
with foreign nations; speaks  for the
United  Nations and in more than 50
major international organizations
in which the United States par-
ticipates;  and represents the
United  States at more than G50
international conferences annually.
FOCyjUAPCTBEHHblfl .UCnAPTAMEHT

   B  OTBeTCTBCHnocTH rocflenapTaMeH-
xa jiejKHT oOjiacTb BHeumefl  nojiHTHKM,
uejib.-j KOTOpoft HBJineTCH  nepcncKTHB-
Hoe oSecneieHHe ujiaronoJiyHHn M oe-
sonacnocTH CUIA. TocflenapiaMeHT ycxa-
           H anajiH3npyeT aKTbi M co-
pecbi  CU1A,  peKOMeH^yer MeponpHHTHH
nojinrHMec]
-------
mineral  and  water resources; the
promotion  of mine safety and
efficiency;  the conservation,
development, and utilization of fish
and wildlife resources;  the
coordination of Federal  and State
recreation programs;  the preservation
and administration of the Nation's
scenic and historic areas; the
operation  of Job Corps Conservation
Centers  and  Youth Conservation
Corps Camps, and coordination of
other manpower and youth training
programs;  the reclamation of arid
lands in the West through irrigation;
and the  management of hydroelectric
power systems.  The Department of
the Interior is  also  concerned with
the social and economic  development
of the United States and in the
Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands; and administers programs
providing  services to Indians and
Alaska native people.
Hhix pecypcon;  noonipcime McponpHHTHfl
no yjiywueHiiio npoitsBOflHTe/ibiiocxn  u
OeaonacnocTH ropiiux paOox; oxpana,
pa3Bnxne  K  HcnoJibsOBaime pecypcoD
AHKHX WHBOXHhIX,  nTHUbl II pblObl;
xoopflHimpOBaHHc  OeflepaJibnux u
uixaxHbix nporpaMM no OTfluxy, cnopxy
VL paaBJieMCHHHM;  oxpana u naasop
wan MCTOpmiecicH  SHaMCHaTeJibiiuMH  n
CUCHHHeCKH  JKHBOriHCHblMH paftOHaMH
       ynpaBJiemie nporpaMwaMH no
        u paGoxaM nna. MOJiOAextH
B paMKax  npoeKTOD no oxpane npupo-
Bbi; KOOpflHHHpoaaHHe nporpaMM no
oOyyeHHio  MOJionesitH H no HcnojibSOBa-
HHIO jcipyrHX  BHflOB paOoHefl CHJIU;
ocaoeHHe  apHBHbJx seMeJib B sa'nau-
HUX iiixaTax  nyreM opocHTeJibiiux CH-
CTBM.
   MHHHCTSPCTBO  Taxxce BGflaex oCmc-
CTBCHHUM  H  SKOHOMH^eCKHM paSDHTHGM
noaoneviHbix  TSPPHTOPHB CU1A,
ocxposa THXOTO OKoana, H
nporpaMMaMH fljia  oOcjiy»HBaHHH
ues u xopsHHoro  HacejieHHH AJIHCKH.
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

   The Department of  Transportation
(DOT) was established to  assure
the coordinated, effective admin-
istration of the transportation
programs of the Federal Government
and to develop national transporta-
tion policies and programs conducive
to the provision of fast,  safe,
efficient, and convenient tran-
sportation at the lowest  cost.
MHHHCTEPCTBO TPAHCHOPTA

   MHHHCTepCTBO GbJJlO yipeXHSHO
KOOpflHHHpOBaHHH H 3$$eKTMBHOrO 3fl-
MHHHCTpHpOBaHHH BCEBOSMOKHUX npO~
6KTOB OTHOCHTBJlbHO CpeflCXB COOGllieHHH
OeflepajibHoro npaBmeJibCTBa. MHHM-
CTepCTBO  paspaSaTbisaeT npoexxu
              CHCTBM no cxpane B
       c  ue/ibio nojiyjMTB OhicTpyio,
          H fleflCTBeimyio cHCTBMy
TpaHcnopia no caMOft nn3Kofl uene.
DEPUTy ADMINISTRATOR

   Second in command of an agency,
who acts as the head in the  absence
of the Administrator; second level
of command.
3AMECTHTEJlb AflMHHHCTPATOPA
   BaMemaex
ero oxcyTCTBHH;
B 3B6H6
                        BO
                 sxopan
DIRECTOR

   One who heads a specific  program,
called a Division.  Example:   Water
Monitoring Division.  The  fourth
level of command.
flHPEKTOP
                 KaKoft-jinOo nporpa-
     cocTaBJiRioiueft OTHCJI.  HanpHMep:
      KOHXpoJiH  xaviecTBa BO/I.
    HHCxaHUHH B 3Bsne
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMIKISTR^.TTON.
DEPARTMENT OF COmiERCE  (EDAT

   The primary function of EDA is
the long-range economic development
of areas with severe unemployment
and low family income problems.
It aids in the development of  public
facilities and private enterprise to
help create new, permanent jobs.
ynPABJIEHHE 3KOHOMH1ECKHM PA3BHTHEM,
MllHHCTliPCTBO TOPFOBJIH
   OcHOBHOfl
HBJineTCH nepcnexTHBiioe
njiaimposaiiHe a.nn  PQHOHOB c
6e3pa(3oTMueft H  HHSKHMH noxonaMH Ha
ceMbio. ynpaBJieinie coaeflcTByex paa-
BHXHK) OCJIUeCTBeHHbiX paOOT H IlOOmpHGT
yacTHOBJiaflejibliccKyK3 HHHUHaxHsy B
                                       108

-------
    The EDA program  includes public
 works grants and loans;  business
 loans for industrial  and cornier ci a 1
 facilities; guarantees for privr.tc
 working capital loans; and technical,
 planning, and research assistance
 for areas designated  as Redevelop-
 ment Areas.
oliJiacTii coajviiiiin nonux  noc-ioniuihix
wecr  cjiywuhi jnjin iiaccjicimn.
    HporpaMMa VnparuiciiHn mcjiu^acT:
ubuicjiciiiic ccya 11 Kpcninon njin ouiuc-
CTUCIIIIUX pauor; npenocTaiuieimc icpo-
fliiTOJj WIH coopywcmiH  npoMi,iiL]jiciiiiL>ix  n
•roproBux npcflnpiirmin; nopyMMTCJibc'ruo
33  ^lacTiibix Jiim, nojiyiia'uiuiit aacM; n
n/inmipouoMiiaH, ToxiniMCCKan n nccjie.no-
            noMomb paDonaM,  KOTOPUIC
                       "pa3Bnna
 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY  (EPA)

    The Environmental  Protection
 Agency was created  to permit
 coordinated and effective govern-
 mental action on behalf  of the
 environment.  EPA endeavors to abate
 and control pollution systematically,
 by  proper integration of a variety
 of  research, monitoring,  standard
 setting,  and enforcement activities.
 As  a complement to  its other
 activities. EPA  coordinates and
 supports  research and antipollution
 activities by State and  local
 governments, private  and public
 groups,  individuals,  and educational
 institutions.  EPA  also  reinforces
 efforts among other Federal agencies
 with respect to the impact of their
 operations on the environment, and
 it  is specifically  charged with
 making public its written comments
 on  environmental impact  statements
 and with  publishing its  determina-
 tions when those hold that a proposal
 is  unsatisfactory from the standpoint
 of  public health or welfare or
 environmental quality.   In all, EPA
 is  designed to serve  as  the public's
 advocate  for a livable environment.
ArF.llTCl'BO HO 3A1HHTC  OKPyKAIOUjCfl
Kamero
    ArciiTCTBO Gtj.no co^iiaiio jvifi KOOP.UH-
 IiaLLIlH fleflTCJlbHOCTH II  j(]x|)eKTHQ'lOrO
 rocy/iapcxneHHoro KOHTPOJIH nporpaiiw
 no  3awnrc OKpyxaioiuefl  cpcau.  ATCHT-
 CTDO  CTpeMHTCn K CHIDKeilMIO VPODHJI
 n ycTanoBJieHHio cHciOMaTiiyecKoro
          aarpflsiiciiHft  nyreM iioujie-
                        nccjie.n.OBa-
                             IIOPMH-
          n npniiynnTenbiio-npai30Dofi
 flCHTeJlbHOCTH. B MOllO^HeHlIC K CBOIIM
 OCIIOBHbIM OOHSailHOCTHM ATeilTCTBO
 KOopflnnnpyeT n noju^epKHnaeT nccne-
 flOBaTGJiiCKHe paGoxbi no xonrpojiio
 3arpn3Henn«, npono^HMue lUTai MUMH
 n wecTHUMH opranaMH,  ^acTiiuMM jiwua-
 MII  HJIH rpynnaMH, HJIH  oGmecTBennbiMH
 n npocseTiiTejibiihiMH yiipewiennn;in .
 Al-CHTCTBO T3KJKC nOOUlpHCT
        Oeflepajibiibix BC.IIOMCTB
na cpeny B Tex OLJISCTHX,  Koropbie
noflJie>KaT HX IOPIIC^IHKUHH .
   ArenTCTBO onyojinKOBbisaeT CBOH
HaOjuoneHHH, saMeMnmiH n  peuieHHH
OTIIOCMTSJlbMO flOKJiaflOB O  HOSHSfiCTBHH
Ha OKpyjuaiomyio cpefly, ocoCeHHO B
Tex  cny-ianx, Korna KaKofi-jinGo npo-
CKT  HBJIHCTCH HeyflOBJieTBOpHTeJIbllbIM
C TOVJKH  3PSHHH OXpaHbl Cpeflbl H OOlUG-
CTBeilHOrO 3flOpOBbH II OjiarOCOCTOHHHH
H HC OTBGViaeT KalieCTBCHHUM HOPM3M.
         ArcHTCTna - 3TO
          HaceneHHH, cosnaBan
iicro npneMncMbie BiieuiHiic
FARMERS HOME  ADMINISTKATION,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

   The Farmers Home Administration
(FmllA) , an agency within the  Depart-
ment of Agriculture, provides credit
for rural Americans who are unabJe
to get credit from other sources  at
reasonable rates.

   The Farmers Home Administration
makes loans with funds borrowed  from
the U. S. Treasury.  Loans are made
to owners or  operators of farms  and
ranches, including farming partner-
ships and domestic corporations  to
assist them in developing, conserving
VnPABJIEHllE KPCflHTOBAIIHCM OCPfiEPOB,
HHIIliCTEPCTBO CEJIbCKOrO X03flllCTBA
               HBJIFICTC«
8 paMiox  MiiHHcrcpcToa cejibci
-------
and making proper use of their land
and other resources.
                                                          KopnopauHH,  c
                                            cofleflcxDonaTb JIM u POSBHTHH,  oxpa-
                                            we M iicnpasHOfl sKcrwyaTauHH  HX 3e-
                                                    H Apyrnx pecypcoD.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

   The organization and  operational
entity directed to carry out the
laws of the United States.
                                            OEflEPAJIbHOE nPABllTEJIbCTDO


                                               OpraiwaauHH H aefiCTByicmuft opra-
                                            HH3M, B OTBCTCTBeHHOCTH KOTOPOTO
                                            Jie»HT OGHSaTCJlbCTBO JlpHBOflHXb B
                                            HCnOJlHCHlie  33KOHU COCflHH6HHbIX
                                            IIIT3TOO .
FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION

   The Federal Maritime  Commission,
under the Executive Office  of the
President, was established  for the
purpose of protecting  the interests
of the public by regulation of water-
borne shipping in the  foreign and
domestic offshore commerce  of the
United States.

   The Commission approves  or dis-
approves agreements field by common
carriers, accepts or rejects tariff
for domestic offshore  and common
carriers, issues cr denies  the issu-
ance of licenses to persons, partner-
ships, corporations, or  associations
desiring to engage in  ocean freight
activities.  Also, the Commission
administers the Federal  Water Pol-
lution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
with respect to evidence of financial
responsibilities by owners  and oper-
ators of vessels which may  be subject
to liability for the cost of removal
of hazardous substances  from
navigable waters.
                                                        MOPCKAfl KOMHCCHfl
                                               KOMHCCHH HaXOflHTCfl HOfl
                                                        B HHTepecax iunpoicofi
                                                           KoMHccna peryjwpy-
                                            6T MOpCKOe CyflOXOflCXBO OTeieCXBfiH-
                                            HtJX H HHOCTpaHHblX KOMMepHBCKHX
                                            npeflnpHHXHfl B npHGpewHux  aonax
                                            CoeflHHCHHblX UlTaTOB.
                                               KOMHCCHH ncnonHHex
                                            (tyHKUHH: onO6pneT HJIM
                                            AoroBOpu, saKJiionaeMue c OOU;HMH ne-
                                            peBoaviHKaMH rpysos; oflO5pneT HJIH
                                            OTKJionaeT Tapni})Hbie CTSBKH RJIR oxe-
                                                       HJIM OOIUHX nepeBO3MHKOB f
                                                     BUflayefi jiHuei-iaHft Ha rpy-
                                            3Onep6BO3KH OTflejlbUblM JIHUSM,  TOBa-
                                            pmnecTBaM, KopnopauHHM, oOiuecTsaM,
                                            HTfl.
                                               KOMHCCHH TaKxce ocyiaecTBJiaeT
                                                   Han cofiJiioaaeMocTbw ycJioBHft,
                                                         B FlonpasKax  1972 rona
                                            K (PenepajibHOMy aKTy KOHTPOJIH sarps-
                                            3H6HHH BOflbl, COFJiaCHO KOTOpfalM COQ-
                                            CTBeHHHKH H apeHflaxopu cyflOB necyx
                                            oxsexcxBeHHOCxb 3a pacxoBbi,  cBasaH-
                                                c yjctajieHdeM onacHbix aemecxs H3
                                                       BOA.
FOOD WF
              ADyjNISTRJ>.TION
DEPARTHliNl- OF HEALTH, EDUCATION,
AND WELFARE
   The Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) activities are directed  toward
protecting the health of  the Nation
against impure and unsafe foods,
drugs and cosmetics, and  other poten-
tial hazards.

   The Administration is  composed of
the following bureaus:  Biologies,
Drugs, Foods, Radiological Health,
Veterinary Medicine, Kedical Devices
and Diagnostic Products,  and a Na-
tional Center for Toxicological
Research.

   Field operations necessary  for the
enforcement of the laws under  the
jurisdiction of FDA are carried out
by laboratories and administrative
viiPABJiEHHE no KOHTPOJIO 3A KA^ECTBOM
nHlUEBblX nPOflVKTOB, MEflHKAMEHTOB H
KOCMETHVtECKHX CPEflCTB.
MHHHCTEPCTBO 3flPABOOXPAHEllH3,  HPO-
CBE1UEHHH H OElUECTBEHHOrO BJTArOCOCTO-
flHHg

   B oGnsaHHOCxH ynpaBJiCHim BXOBHX
oxpana sflopostn Haumi  H ocymecxsjie-
HHC Hansopa Haji ne»incxuMM HJIII  spo-
flHUMH nmuesbiMH nponyiKaiiHe npasono-
                                       110

-------
offices located  in 1? principal
cities in the  United States and
Puerto Rico.
       u  pnMicax lopitcfliiKHHH  Vnpaujic-
nim. HUH uc/icfl KoiiTponfl  nan  crpaiia
pa jOiiTa  ua  10 no/iOT'icTiiux  pnfioiiou;
pauoTu no KOHI poji.u nejiyrcn u jiauo-
paTOpunx it  KOiixopax ynpaBJieimn,
pacnonoMcmibix u 19 r/iaoiihix ropoaax
CU1A H  u  fly. PTO-PIIKO.
FOREST SERVICE,  DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTUnU

   The Forest  Service has the
responsibility for national leader-
ship in forestry.   To do this  it has
adopted the  following objectives and
policies:

   Promotion and achievement of  a
pattern ol natural resource uses that
will best meet the needs of people
now and in the future;

   Protection  and improvement  of the
quality of air,  water, soil, natural
beauty, and  open source environment
in urban and community areas;

   Generation  of forestry opportuni-
ties to accelerate rural community
growth;

   Encouragement of the growth and
development  of forestry-based  enter-
prises that  readily respond to con-
sumers' changing needs;

   Expansion of public understanding
of environmental conservation.
JlCCHAfl  CJiyKEA,
MHHHCTUPCTUO CUJIbCKOFO X03HUCTBA
   Jlecnan  cjiyxGa nnjinc-Tcn
     iiauiiotiaJibHUM arcnTCTBOM no Jie-
coBOflcrny.  B ce OTBCTCiBeimocrii
                  ucjiu H  3ajiannn:
             raitoro ypouiin  pacnpc-
jicncmisi  ccTecinomiu.x pocypcou, KOTO-
pufl  Obi onTHMaJibiio yflOB/iei oopflJi nyw-
flu naceJienHH TcnepL. u onpcub.
   Oxpaiia  11 yjiyMuieimc iniHeprcTH-
MeCKOfl  xapaKTCpllCTHKe; IIpHDOaiIT D
ncnojincnne npasujia u pacnopnjKeiiiin
OTHocHicJibiio apcnaosaHnn y-iacTKOB
c MecTopowoiemifiMJi rasa u neTii u
seaacT  Bbwa*icfi pajpcueHiifi,  jiiiuciiaiift
ii KoiiTpaKTOD ua paapaOoxKy  MCCIO-
powflcuHfi  nc(i)Tii ii rasa 11 Ha  xpanoimc
rasa; u nyjjiHKyeT H pacnpocrpan>ieT
           HMCiOUUie OinOUJCHIlC ]<
                              i
-------
NATIONAL  AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
ADHINISTRATlOtl (NASA)

   In carrying out the policy of
Congress  that activities in space
should be devoted to peaceful
purposes  for the benefit of all
mankind,  the principal statutory
functions of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) are
to conduct research for the solution
of problems of flight within and
outside the earth's atmosphere, and
develop,  construct, test, and operate
aeronautical and space vehicles;
conduct activities required for
the exploration of space with manned
and unmanned vehicles; arrange for
the most  effective utilization of
the scientific and engineering
resources of the United States with
other nations engaged in aeronautical
and space activities for peaceful
purposes;  and to provide for the
widest practicable and appropriate
dissemination of information concern-
ing NASA's activities and their
results.
HAUnoiiAJibiiOE vnpAUJiEiinc no  AJPOIIAR-
TIIKli  »  IICCJlEflOBAIIIIIO KOCMimCCKOrO
nPOCTI'AHCTBA  (HACA)

   OcyiaecxBJinn nojiHTiiKy Konrpocca,
no Miieiuiio Koroporo KOCMHMCCKIIC ncc-
           MOJIXHU npccJieaoBaxb Miip-
    U.CJIH  nd CJjiaro ucoro MeJiOB
Da, ociiODiitJMH (l>yn]epbi.
   B  OmeXCXBemiOCXH HACA JICJKHT
paSBMXHC,  COOpyjKCHHE, HCnblTailMC II
              aBnaunomibix H  KOCMH-
        jicxaxojibHbix annapaTOD; HCC-
           Kocwn»jecKoro npocxpancxua
    noMouiH nHJTOTiipyeMbix n GecnnjioT-
HUX KopaGjiefi; oOccnr"Jennc onxiiMaJib-
no 3([x|)eKTHBHoro KcnoJibSOBamiH nay'i-
    H TexnniieciKHOHHfi  H  npOMbimjienHOCTH;  TexHHMec
    tasofl ann co3JianHH ycjiosiifl ne-
              B Toprosbix OTHOUICHHRX;
                                             CO3fl3HHC yCJlOBHfl  flJIH O^
                                             OesonacHOCTii; aaiiHbiMH o TexmmecKiix
                                             H3blCKaHHHX.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC
ADMINISTRATION  (NOAA), DEPARTMENT
OF COMMERCE

   The mission of NOAA is to explore,
map, and chart the global ocean and
its living resources; to manage,
use, and conserve those resources;
and to describe, monitor, and
predict conditions in the atmosphere,
ocean, sun,  and space environment;
issue warnings against impending
destructive  natural events; develop
beneficial methods of environmental
modification;  and assess the
consequences of inadvertent environ-
mental modification over several
scales of  time.
 HAUHOHAJlhHOE ynPABnCHHE OKEAHAMII
 H  ATHOCdiUPOn, MHIIIICTCI'CTBO TOlTOUJllI
    3an.ayefi ynpaunemiH
HCCJicaoHaniic Miipouoro  OKeana n ero
uHopecypcou n cocTanjienne COOTDCT-
CTBymuiiix i,
oxpaua H ncnojib3OBannc oxnx pecyp-
COB nnn onncamifi, Habjnnueiinft n npe;i-
CKa3annn ycjioBHft B axMoc^epe,  oxea-
naxf  na cojiuuc n B KOCMUHCCKOM npo-
CTpanci-Be, c ucjibjo npcflocxepexeiuiH
OT  BO3MO*HL,IX CTHXIirillblX OCTlCTBHfl ,
pa3BHTIIH MeXOflHKH MOflHKaioiuen cpc«u H OUCHKH  nocJiencxBim
HCBOJlbllOO MOfllKlUIKaUHH  CpCflbl H3 33~
                   BPCMOHH.
                                        112

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NATIONAL, PARK  SERVICE, DEPARTMENT
OF THE INTERIOR

   The National Park Service
administers  for the American people
an extensive system of national
parks, monuments,  historic sites,
and recreation areas.  It relates the
natural values and historical
significance of these areas to the
public through talks, tours, films,
exhibits,  publications, and other
interpretive media.  It operates
campgrounds  and other visitor
facilities and provides - usually
through concessions - lodging,
food, and  transportation services
in many areas.
CJIVTOA  OXPAIIbl IIAUIIOHAJlbllNX HAI'KUB
ii 3Aiiom:,uiiiiKori, MIIHIICTKPCTBO
            JIL:JI

      miTCpecax aMepiiKaiicKoro iiapona
      a  ynpanjincT ouuiipiioii cncrcMon
              nayjKon,  IICIOPIIMCCKII
          Mccr n iiannTiiiiKOB n MOCT
         0 3Haviciiiiii  n  nemiocrii, npii-
cyiuiix ?>THM MecTar-i,  Cjiy>Kua OCIJCAOMJIH-
ex umpoxyia ouuecTBeimoci b nocpc;icT-
BOM  JlCKUHfl, JKCKVPCIIfl,  clKCnOSllIUIfi ,
nyL>.nnKau.iifi n apyrux cpejicTB peKjia-
Mbi.  CjiywOa ynpaBJUicT  MccraMn CTO-
HHOK ii  KJMnmira AJUI noceTHTenefi,
ITO  oGbniHO ocynecTBJiHeTCH nyier-i
KOimecciioiiHbix aorosopoB c 4acr>u-
K3MII;  nOCeTMTGJlHM UpCAOCTaBJWCTCH
             no'jenKH,  noKynKH nnimi;
        aaConiTcn n  oO oprai-nijaiuni
cooTBercTByiomero TpaHcnopmoro coo-
NUCLEAR  REGULATORY AGENCY,
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TI1K PRESIDENT

   This  Agency is responsible  for
discharging the statutory  functions
of assuring that the civilian  uses
of nuclear materials and facilities
are accomplished without endangering
public health and safety,  environ-
mental quality, or national  security,
and are  consistent with the  antitrust
laws.  This involves a system  of
licensing and regulation which in-
cludes:   evaluation of applications
for the  construction and operation
of nuclear reactors and other  nuclear
facilities; possession, use, and
disposal of nuclear materials; devel-
opment and implementation  of stand-
ards, criteria, rules and  regulations
governing licensed nuclear activi-
ties; inspection and enforcement
programs to determine that licensees
are complying with rules and regula-
tions and the conditions of  their
licenses; and the development  of
effective working relationships with
the States as well as foreign  govern-
ments regarding the regulation of
nuclear  energy.
HcnoinmTEJibHAfl
         PACIlOPaqilTC-nbHOE APEIITC TBO ,
                            nPi;jn;tEn-
TA
   AreHTCTBO OTBCTCTBeilHO  3O
BJienne  ycTaHODJieiiHux no
(pyHKUHH KOHTPOJIH Hafl
HCIlOJlbSOBaHHCM HflGpH
n sKcnjiyarauHcfi Hflepnux  ycranoBOK.
ATCHTCTBO  oOnaaHO cjiewrb  aa TGM,
MTOObI HCnOJlb3OB3HHC HflepHblX  M3TG-
PH3J1OB  OCylHeCTBJlHJIOCb B  COOTUCTCT-
BHH C 3HTHTPQCTOBCKHM 3aieiie  u  HX
pa3peiucnnnx;  n pasuHTiie  o<|)OKiiiB-
HblX JHCJ1OBIJX OTHOUJCmlll CO UlTaTIIblMH
opranaMH,  a xaxxe c npaBHTCJibcrua-
MH apyrux  cxpaii, B oGjiacrn Koiupo-
JIH Hflepnon 3Heprnn.
                                 n
                                 ncno-
OFFICE OF  THE FEDERAL REGISTER,
NATJOHAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS
SERVICE, GENERAL SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION

   All current Presidential
proclamations and Executive orders
and regulations of Government
agencies having general applicability
B10PO (DEflLPAJlbHOrO PEJKllCTEPA,
HAUllOHAJlbUblfl  APX1ID II CJ1VMKA
APXHDllblX MATE[J11AJIOB, AJUMUHllCTPAmiH
   Bee Tei
-------
 and  legal  effect are published in the
 Federal  Register which appears five
 times  a  week.

   An  administrative Committee of the
 Federal  Register was created to
 prescribe  regulations concerning
 Federal  documents required to be
 published  in the Federal Register,
 the  manner and form in which the
 Register shall be compiled, printed,
 and  distributed.
                       HJIII
ciuiy, nyuJiHKyioTcn  n  eflepa/ibHbix noKVMeHTOB B
           SKJiiouan  TexHHKy H
cocTaBJiennn, neiaTaHHH H pacnpouo-
OFFICE  OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET

   This activity is under the Exec-
utive Office  of  the President.   Its
main functions include the following:

   To aid the President to bring
about more  efficient and economical
conduct of  Government services;

   To assist  in  developing efficient
coordinating  mechanisms to implement
Government  activities and to expand
interagency cooperation;

   To assist  the President in the
preparation of the  budget and the
formulation of the  fiscal program
of the  Government;

   To supervise  and control the
administration of the budget.
E10PO EIQflKETA  H  PACXOflOB HO VnPRBJlE-
HMK)
   Eupo
noMoraex  DpesHflenTy flocxmib OoJiee
3$OeKTHBHOrO  H  3KOHOMMOFO ypODHH
                              y^pew-
C6aefiCTByeT
SQQeKTHBHOft
CTH rocyflapcTsenHux y«pexflennft H
IlOMoraeT  npeawfleHTy B npnroTOBJieHHH
        H B  OopMyjiHposaHHH npaBH-
              $ncKajibHoH nporpaMMhj.
3aDeflyeT  aflMHHHCTpauweH w.oflixeTa H
KOHTpoJiHpyeT ero
    BiOpO HaXOflHTCH nOfl
 xa.
PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE,
U.S. Senate

   A standing committee  of  the  U.  S.
Senate which is responsible for pro-
posing legislation on  environmental
pollution, environmental science and
technology, materials policy, economic
development, water resources, transpor-
tation, and disaster relief.
KOMHTET OEmECTBEHHblX PAEOT,
CEHAT CU1A
               KOMHT6T npH
               sa  npeflcxaBJiGHHe Ce-
                      MeponpnnTHfl
no cJienyiomHM  Bonpocaw:  npeflOTBpane-
HHG 3arpH3H6HHfi OKpyxcaioutefl cpenu,
HayMHue H TexHHHecKHe acneKTbi saiiwi-
TU cpeflu, npoSneMaTHKa  HcnoJibsosa-
HHH Chjpbfl, 3KOlIOMHMeCKOe pa3BHTH6,
BOflHbie pecypcha, TpawcnopT  H
jiennc nocoGHft a CJiynae
OeflCTBHS.
SECRETARY

   Head of a Department  in  the
Federal government.
MHH1ICTP
         MHHHCTepCTaa  B  *e«epaJibi[OM
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

   The Soil Conservation Service
(SCS) has responsibility for
developing and carrying out a
national soil and water conser-
vation program in cooperation with
landowners and operators and other
       OXPAHU novs,  MMHHCTEPCTBO
CEJlbCKOfO XOBaflCTBA

   CjiyxOa oxpaHta nova  neceT OTBCT-
CTB6HHOCTb 33 COBepUleHCTBOB3HHe H
npOBenamie B xusub nporpaMM no
oxpane noMB H BOA, B
c 3eMJieBJianenbuaMH,
JIHMM, MecTHbiMH nJiaHHpyiaiqiiMH areHT-
                                       114

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developers, community  planning
agencies, regional  resource  groups,
and other agencies  of  government -
Federal, State, and local.   The SCS
also assists  in agricultural
pollution control,  environmental
improvement,  and rural community
development.
CTB3MH, pemonajtbHbiMH rpynnawH
JJJTH KOHTpojiK pecypcoB,  a raK»c
CTaBHTCJlJlMH MOCTHblX,  IllTaXHblX H
(jjcflcpajibHbix opraiiOD H areiiTCTH.
CnywCa oxpanbi  noyn npnmiMaer
B opranH3annn  xonTponn
cosflasaeMoro cejitcKH
H B paGoTax Hafl ynyiiuiciincM ixGa oGecneuH-
saeT coQjiiofleHHe ^enepaJibHbix SBKOHOB
B OTKPUTOM MOPS H B CyflOXOflHUX
BOflax  CJIH3 GeperoB CUIA H HX xeppn-
TOpHajibHux BJiaaeHHfl.  CjiyxGa c/ieflHT
aa coGjiioaeHneM  HaBnraunoHnux sano-
HOB H npOHSBOflHT HHCnGKUHM CVflOD.
UNITED STATES  COURTS OF APPEALS

   The courts  of  appeals are inter-
mediate appellate courts to relieve
the Supreme  Court of considering all
appeals in cases  originally decided
by the Federal trial courts.  They
are empowered  to  review all final
decisions and  certain interlocutory
decisions of district courts,  except
in those very  few situations where
the law provides  for a direct review
by the Supreme Court.   They also are
empowered to review and enforce or-
ders of many Federal administrative
bodies.
AnEJlJlflUHOHHblE
                    CUIA
                  cyflti HBJIHIOTCH cy-
     npoMewyioiHOft HHCTaHunn. Hx
3anawa - STO  ooJiernMTb paOoxy Bcp-
xoBHoro cyaa  B  paccMoxpemiH anennn-
UHft no aejiaM, no KoxopbiM y*e BUHC-
CJIH CBOC pemeime ^encpajibHue cyaw
nepBoit HucTaimnii .  Anejuinmtoimbie
     ynojiHOMO'ienbi nepccMaipiiBaxb
              M weKOTOpwe npoMewy-
xoiiiue peuicHHH  paflonHbix cy«OE, sa
HCK/iioMCHHeM cjiy^aeB,  npe«ycMOTpen-
HUX saxoHOM,  Korfla peuienue cyfla
HH3Uien HHCXaHUHH MOWHO O6)KajIOBaTb
npHMO B BepxoBHOM cyfle.
                                       115

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                                            HUC cyflta TaKwe ynojinoMoienbJ paccMa-
                                            TpHDaib H oCecneyHuaTb
                                            pacnopnxennfl uejioro  pnna
                                                             opranoD.
UNITED STATES  DISTRICT COURTS

   The district  courts are the trial
courts with general  Federal ;]urisdic-
tion.  Each State  has at least one
district court,  while some of the
larger States  have as many as four.
There is also  a  United States dis-
trict court in the District of
Columbia.  Altogether there are 89
district courts  in the 50 States,
plus the one in  the  District of
Columbia.  In  addition,  the Common-
wealth of Puerto Rico has a United
States district  court with juris-
diction corresponding to that of
district courts  in the various
States.
PAflOllllblE CVflbl CU1A

   Paftomibie  cyflfai - JTO cyflu nepnofl
KHCT3HHHH  C  OOlUGft eAepajIbHOfi IOPHC-
flMKUHGH. B KQWflOM LUTSTe HMCETCn
XOTH 6bi oflHH paflOHHUft cyfl; B Kpyn-
HblX UITQTaX HX WHCJ1O «OXO«HT flO 4 .
B OeflepaniiHOM OKpyre KojiyMOHH xaic«c
cymecTByeT pafiOHHbift cy«. no sceft
CTpane D ue/iOM,  T.e. B 50
M B 
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    PART V




ECONOMIC TERMS
       117

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AMORTIZATION FACTOR OR CAPITAL
RECOVERY FACTOR

   The ratio of the equivalent
annual value to the initial capital
cost.

   Amortization factor = i(l + i)"
iDAKTOP AMOPTH3AU1IH  I1JIH  QAKTOP
           KAnil'fAJlA
   OTHOU1CHH6 -JKElIDaJlCHTHOn rOflODOfl
CTOIIMOCTII K nepBona4aflbnofl CTOHMO-
CTH KariHTaJibHbix aarpaT.
   1>aKTOp BMOpTHJaUHH  =
   Where i = the annual interest rate
         n = amortization period in
             years
    i= roflOBOfl paaMep  npoueHTa
    n=iHCJio JieT nopHOfla
 AMORTIZATION PERIOD

    That anount of time which
 provides for the gradual extinguish-
 ment of an obligation.
HEPHOfl AHOPTK3AUHH

   KOJIHUECTBO BpeweHH, sa KOTOPOG
           nocTenenHoe norauieniie
 ANNUAL COSTS FOR OPERATION AND
 MAINTENANCE

    Costs which are adequate to ensure
 effective and dependable operation
 during the planning period for the
 system, which includes routine re-
 placement of equipment and equipment
 parts.  Operation refers specifically
 to labor, energy and materials used
 in the production process and main-
 tenance refers specifically to re-
 pairs of equipment.
rOflOBHE  PACXOflbJ HA
H VXOfl  3A OBOPyjjOBAHMEM

    Pacxonbi,  CBH3aHHue c oeecneue
HHBM fleftCTBEHHOCTH H HaflEWHOCTM
3KcrrnyaTaunn cHCTewu B
nnanHpoBCMHoro nepwona,
o6uHHLae saMeHu oGopynosaHHH H
yacTeR.  'JKcnjiyaTauHOHHue pacxoaa
xacaiOTCH paeo'iefl CHJTU, aneprHH H
MaTepHajios;  yxoa sa
xacaeTca PGMOHTHUX pa6oT.
 AVERAGE (UNIT) COST

    This is the cost per unit
 produced.  It equals the total cost
 divided by the number of units of
 output produced.
 CPEflHfla CTOHHOCTb
CTOHMOCTb eflHHHUU  BblnyCKaeMOB
        PaBHHeTcn  o6mefl CTOH-
                 na HHC^O
     GJ1HHHU.
 MOCTH
 AVERAGE COST PRICING

    A price charged to consumers  that
 is based on the average cost  of
 supplying the  total quantity  being
 consumed by all users.
 OUEHKA CPEflHEH CTOHHOCTH

    Uena, TpeSyeMafi  OT  noTpe6nre-
 jieft. ara uena ocHOBusaeTCB na
 CpeAHEfi CTOHMOCTH OSlUGrO KOJ1H1G-
 CTBa
 Tosapa.
 BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS

    An economic efficiency analysis
 of the relationship between present
 value of benefits and present  value
 of costs.
 AHAJ1H3 PACXOflOB  H  BLirQfl
    AH3J1H3 BKOHOMH^eCKOfl 3$eKTHB-
 HOCTH OTHOUieHHH MGJXHy CTOHMOCTtiO
 nojiyneHHKix eurofl  H
 pacxonoB .
                                       118

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BLOCK RATES

   A per unit charge for  a  good  or
service that varies with  the  total
amount of the good or  service
consumed.  Increasing  block rates
charge the consumer more  per  unit
as consumption increases  beyond
a certain point, while  decreasing
block rates charge less per unit
as consumption increases.
                                                              CTADKH
                                                    na efliiHHuy  xooapa IIJIH 06-
                                            cJiy>KHBannn, icoTOpuo noaBepxeiibi
                                            KOJie6annnM o  3aDHCnMOCTii OT KOJHI-
                                            MecTBa noTpee/ineMbix eaimim. Boapa-
                                            CTaiOLUHe  CT3BKH,  -  JTO KOTOa nOXpQ-
                                            6UTOJ1HM, KOTOpwe  yueJiuHUBaioT KOJIH-
                                            MCCTBO nOrpee/JHeMblX eflllMHIJ, BbllllC
                                            onpeflejiemiofi  HOPMIJ,
                                            ueiia na eammuy TOBapa;
                                            K)lUHeCft CT3DKH, -  3TO
                                                   iiHH xojivmecTBa noxpee/incMbix
                                                   noxpe6HxejiHM
                                            ercn
CAPITAL  (goods)

   Goods produced by the economic
system itself  to be used as inputs
for the production of other goods
and services over a relatively long
period of  time.
                                            CPEflCTBA nPOH3BOflCTBA

                                               CpeacTBa,  npOHSsoflHMae 3KOHO-
                                            MimecKoft cHCTeMOfi H
                                            B Ka^iecTae  HCXO«HUX
                                            nponsBOflCTBa  flpyrHx Tosapos HJIH
                                            BHflOB 06CJiy>KHBaHHJI B TS'ieHHB OTHO-
                                            BpeMSHH.
CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS

   All  costs of construction includ-
ing  overhead and profit; costs of
land, relocation, and right-of-way
and  easement acquisition; design
engineering, field exploration, and
engineering services during con-
struction;  administrative and legal
services including costs of bond
sales;  startup costs such as operator
training;  and interest during con-
struction.   Though normal operation
costs are excluded, contingency
allowances consistent with the level
of complexity and detail of the cost
estimates are included.
                                            KAHHTAJlbHUE  3ATPATLJ HA CTPOHTEJlbCTBO

                                               CTOHMOCTB crpoHTeJihCTBa, BKJIIO-
                                            vaa naKJiaflHue pacxoflu H npn6ujiH;
                                            CTOHMOCTB  3eRnn  H nepeesflOB H npa-
                                            Ba npoesca H cepsmyTa; pacxoau
                                            Ha HiixeHepHbie paBoTu no npoeKTHpo-
                                                   TpaccHpouaHHio H caMOMy crpo-
                                                       pacxoau na aflMHHHCTpaumo,
                                            npasoByo KoncynbTauHij H npoaa*y
                                            o6nHrau.nfl; pacxofltj us. paHHeft cxa-
                                            flHH cTpOHTejibCTBa, Hanp. na
                                            HHe Macxepos; H  npoueHru aa
                                            CTpOfiKH. XOTH K3 CMBTbl
                                            CH HopMajibnue 3KcnjiyaxauMOHHbie
                                            pacxoflu, pacxonu na nenpe«BHnennb!e
                                            cjiy^iaH see xe yuHTUBaiOTcn, cooOpaa-
                                            HO OTflejitHUM GTaTbHM oueHKH saxpaT
                                            H I1X CJICDKHOCTM.
CASH FLOW

   Transfer of  funds  during business
transactions  either as income or as
payment for labor,  materials or
equipment  purchases.
                                            fUIATEKH  HAJIimHblHH
                                                        aeHe/KHbix (poiwos B pe-
                                            3ynbxaxe aejiosbix corjiaweHHfi. Cy-
                                            mecxayex Jin6o  B  (jjopMe Aoxoflos,
                                            Jin0o B 
-------
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
AHAJ1H3 CTOHMOCTH  M  PEHTABEJlbllOCTll
   An analysis performed to
determine which  system will result
in the minimum total  resources
costs to meet a  specified level of
output.
   Ana/ins,
      CHCTeMa flaCT  BO3MO>KHOCTb
        aaflaHHoro ypounn  npOH3BO.ii-
CTlia npH MHHHMajlbHOft O6lUeft CTOIIMO-
CTH pecypcoB.
CREDIT

   The right to  use  of  funds—usually
in exchange for  a  promise to pay in
the future.
KPEflHT

   ripaao  Ha nojib3osaHne
O6hl«iHO  B  O6M6H Ha O6fl3aTejIbCTBO
yn/iai-HTb  Bsnryio BsaftMbi cyMMy B
DAMAGE FUNCTION (or Damage Cost
Function)

   The functional  relationship
between the  amount of a waste
discharged and  the damages caused.
         BPEflA (QynKUHH CTOHMOCTH
HaneceHnoro  yiuopea)
\iexfly KOJinOHfla B  TeMeHHe onpeae-
jieHHoro  cpoKa.
DISCOUNT RATE

   The interest  rate  used in calcu-
lating the present  value of expected
yearly costs and benefits.
yjETHblfl  nPQUEHT

   FlpoueiiT,  yMHTbiBaeMbifl npH oucm
-------
ECONOMIC INCENTIVE
                                                           CTHMVJ1
   Any governmental  monetary sub-
sidies or taxes which induce  pri-
vate citizens, firms or business to
comply with some  desired action.
   Jlio6an  rocynapcTBemiaH AC new nan
          HJIH,  iiaoQopOT, Jiiouoe Ha-
                Koxopue aacTaojiRioT
HJIH noowpHioT HacTHoe JIHUO, cl>npMy
HJIH npeflnpHHTHe no«MHHMTbcn onpoae-
JicmiOMy MeponpHHTHio.
ECONOMIC SCARCITY

   A condition  reflecting the fact
that there exists  only a finite
amount of human and  non-human
resources, which the best technical
knowledge is  capable of using to
produce only  a  limited maximum
amount of each  and every good.
jJKOHOMHMECKAH HEflOCTATOHHOCTb
   HojioxeHiie,  Korna
J1IOACKHX  HJIH  npnpOMHblX pCCypCOB,
HMeiowHXCH  B  HQiiieM pacnopnweHMH ,
orpanHHUHTHblX npOH3BOflCTBeHHb!X
pecypcoB c uejibw Bunycxa
TODapOB  B onpeneJieHHbie CPOKM  H
HX pacnpeHejieHHH cpe«n HaccjieH
H pasJiHviHux oGmecTBeHHUX rpynn
H B 6y«ymeM.
ECONOMY OF SCALE

   A reduction  in  the unit cost of
production brought about by
increasing the  size of a plant.
Usually said to result from labor
specialization  and technological
advantages associated with a larger
plant.
9KOHOMHH HPH
                         MACU1TAEA
             CTOHMOCTH eflHHHuw  npo-
           B peayjibTaTe ysejiHMeHHH
pasMepos  npeflnpHHTHH. Kaic npasH/io,
3KOHOMHH  flocTiiraeTCH nyTeM cneuw-
ajiHsauHH  rpyna M TexnojiorniecKHx
ycoBepmeHCTBOBaiiHfi, BbixeKaioiqHX us
npeHMynjecTB GOJiee KpynHoro
EFFLUENT CHARGE

   A charge imposed  on a waste
discharger by a  public authority
which serves either  as an inducement
to the discharger  to reduce discharge
or as compensation to society for
the externality  being imposed upon
it by the discharger.
HAJlOr HA CEPOC OTXOflOB
   HaJior,  HaKjianbiBaeMbiFi opranaMH
BJiacTH  na  BOflonojibsoBaTe/iH 3a c6poc
CTOKOB  H OTXOflOB.  HajIOT J1H6O CJiy-
WHT CTHMyjioM,  KOTOptifl noByjKjjaeT
                   MeHtuiHTb KOJIH-
        C6POCOB,  JIHSO WBJIHOTCH KOM-
neiicauHefi  oOiuecTBeHHOCTii sa ynop6
HJIH HCyflOBCTDa,  npHMHHHCMfaie BOJ4O-
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND

   A concept devised  to  indicate
the responsiveness of quantity of a
THEKOCTb CnPOCA
         o6o3na
-------
good or service demanded  to changes
in the market price.

   Elasticity  (Coefficient)  =

    % A  quantity demanded
    % A  price
                    no/ib3yiomnxcH
cnpocoM, na ncpeMCHbi  s  PLJIIOUHUX
   % A TpoBycMoe
                                               % A
EQUILIBRIUM PRICE

   The price  at which the amount
willingly  supplied  and the amount
willingly  demanded  are equal.
Applies  to a  competitive market,
and can  be represented as the
intersection  of  the supply and
demand curves.
PABHOBCCHAH UEHA

   Uena, ripn KOiopofi
npeunaraewoe KOJIHICCTDO Tonapa
pasHneTCH KOJiimecTBy,  Ha iHofl JKOHOMH
KOH.
FIXED COST
   Costs which  a  firm must continue
3A
-------
to incur in the short  run,  even
when the firm produces zero output.
It is d cost unaffected by  any
variation in the quantity produced.
necTH B TeiienHe
cpoKoo, flame SCJIH  npo«yKunn
B 3TO BPBMH pclBlia  liyJIIO. JTO H3AC-
PJKKM, H3 KOTOphie  HS BJIHfllOT KOJIBBa
HHH B KOJiHiccTue  BbinycKaeMOfl npo-
FLAT RATE

   A charge  for  a  good or service
that is not  based  upon the quantity
of the good  consumed,  and thus does
not lead the consumer  to balance the
value of use against the cost of use.
EflHHOOEPA3HAH  CTABKA

   Uena, Hasna^iaeMaH aa TOBap HJIH
o6cjiy«nBaHne,  KOTOpaa He OCHOBW-
saeTcn  iia  KOJimiecTBe noTpeGjmeMoro
TOBapa  H T3KHM O6p33OM HG H3BT
             noTpe6nTeJiio conocxa-
     uenvf  ynjiaJiHUHH  Bbipa»aeTCH B
6OJlbUlMHCTBa  USH H paCXOHOB .
INTEREST

   The sum paid  or  charged for the
use of money or  for borrowing money;
also the rate  percent per unit of
time represented by such payment or
charge.
riPOUEHTHAH  CTABKA

   CyMMa, yonaieHHan HJIH nocxaBJieH-
H3H H3  C16T,  33 nOJlb3OBaHH6 KanHTa-
JIOM HJIH 33  aaeM fleHer non npoueiiTbi.
Taxxce H paaMep npouenxoB aa eflHHHuy
speMenH coo6pa3HO YCJIOBHRM nnaxewa
HJIH O6H3aT6JIbCTBa.
INVESTMENT

   Net cspital  formation,  usually
undertaken by business  enterprises,
which leads to  an  increase in the
community's real capital  (equipment,
buildings, inventories).
HHBECTHUHH KAHHTAJIA
               micToro
npaKTHKyeMbie  KaK  npasiuio ropro-
BhJMH npeflnpHHTHHMH,  4TO BBflGT K
yaeJiHvieHHio peajibnoro Kannrajia
scefl oSmecTBeHHOcxH  (oSopynoDamie,
3flai!HH, TOBap) .
LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS

   A relationship governing the
amount of extra output  resulting
from successively adding  equal
extra units of a varying  input to
3AKOH COKPAIUAIOUlHXCfl flOXOflOB
                            Bunyc-
         Ao6aBJiniOTCH
                                      123

-------
a fixed amount  of  some other input.
After a point the  extra output
resulting  from  additional units of
the variable factor will become
less and less.
        KaKOn-JlllBO nSpeMGHHOM BXOfl-
HOfl DCJimiHHb]  K  nOCTOHHHOMy KO/11I-
\icctBy flpyroft BCJiuMHHhi. flocjie onpc-
          cpoica
       , no/iy^aeMoe B
        onojiiiMTe/ifaHbix ncpeMeniiux
        uavHCT  nocTononHO naaaxb.
LAW OF  DOWNWARD SLOPING DEMAND

   The  economic fact that when the
price of  a good is raised  (at the
same time that all other factors
are held  constant),  less of it is
demanded.   Conversely, if a greater
quantity  of a good is put on the
market  then - other things being
equal - it can be sold only at a
lower price.
3AKOH  nOHHKAKJlllErOCfl CnPOCA
       aKTOpu ocTawTCH nocTOflHHbiMM ,  cnpoc
Ha OTOT Tooap nanaeT. H HaoOopoT,
ecjiH  6pocnTb na PHHOK Bojibiuee ico-
J1HM6CTBO TOBapa, TO, npH
pasHux ycnoBHHX, rraiHPMU H see  ee H3Aep»i
-------
MARKET
                                            PblHOK
   The allocative  system for
distributing scarce  resources to
persons or firms to  whom they have
the highest value, throuqh the
use of prices.
                              ann
           pecypcon CPBAH nacejic-
HHH HHH TOprOBhlX 0MpM, fljlfl KOTQ-
pux DTH pecypcbi npeACTaBJifiioT MBK-
CHMajlbHO BblCOKVK) UCHHOCTb, «JTO
        BupaxeHHe B PUIIO^IHUX m,enax.
MAXIMUM SOCIAL WELFARE

   A term applied  to  a  specific
part of the economy—the  condition
existing when the  difference
between benefits to the community
from some particular  program and
the costs is maximized.
MAKCHMAJlbHOE COUHAJlbHOE OEECnE-
    TCPMHH,  ynoTpeejineMuft AJIH  cne
UH(J)H'ieCKOfl  OTpaCJIH clKOHOMHKH,
       cymecTByeT TaKoe
     KOTOPOM pasHHua Mewy
KaKofl-jin6o  nporpaMMhi nnn
BeHHOCTH H  CBH3aHHbIMH C 3TOfl
         pacxoAaMH cxaiiOBHTcn  Mai<
OPPORTUNITY COST

   The cost of an  input specified
in terms of the highest value which
it would have in an  alternative use.
CTOMMOCTb BbJEOPA BO3MOXepMep,  KOMMepcaHT HJIH
paSOTHHK H6 B COCTOHMHH BblHyCKaTb
TaKoe  KOJTHMecTBO npo«yi
-------
PRIVATE COSTS AND  BENEFITS
4ACTIIUE PACXOttbl H BblTOflU
   Benefits and  costs  which have
their identifiable  incidence on
individuals or firms.
           H  BbirOAbl,  HOnOCpOACTBOH-

HO CBHSaUHhJC  C  HaCTHUMH JIHU3MH HJIH
PRODUCTION FUNCTION

   The technical  relationship
describing the amount of output
that can be produced  by different
sets of inputs or factors of
production.   It is defined for a
given state of technical knowledge.
nPOH3BOflCTBCllllAfl OVHKUHfl
   TexHHiecKan  aasHCHMOCTfa, onn-
ctJBaiomaH  KOJimiecTBO npoflyi
-------
SHORT  RUN
KPATKOBPEMEIIllbin  CPOK
   Period  of time in which certain
equipment,  resources and commitments
of firms are fixed,  but long enough
for the firm to vary its output by
hiring more or fewer variable
factors of  production.
          DpeMciiH,  sa Koropun
onpcuojieimoe o6opyaoBanne, pccypcu
ii ofriaarejihCTBa  KaKOft-Jin6o QUPMU
yCTailOBJieilU, HO  HCG >X6 HMCCTCfl
BO3MO«HOCTb B  TSMeUHe 3TOTO CPOK3
pa3HOo6pa3»Tb  DunycK nyreM iiaflMa
6OJ1bUCrO HJIH MGHbUierO KOJIHVCCTBH
                     npoH3BO,ucTna.
SOCIAL COSTS

   The total cost of producing a
commodity,  including the cost of
specific  inputs,  as well as the
external  costs imposed on the
community at large.
COUHAJIbHAfl CTOHMOCTb

   O6utan CTOHMOCTL>
KaKoro-jin6o  TOBnpa,  SKJiio'iaa CTO-
HMocTb cneuH(pn«jecKnx BKJiaflou, a
T3K3KS DHeuiHHe  H3flepacifH,
    Ha BCM o6mecxBenHOCTb B
SUPPLY CURVE (Schedule)

   The relationship between market
prices and  the amounts of a good
producers are willing to supply.
        nPEflJioiKEnna
   3aBHCHMOCTb MeJKfly pblHOHHOfl  UC-
HOfl H  KOJIHVieCTBOM TOBapa,  KOTOpOe
npOHSBOflHTejlH rOTOBLJ
noKynaxeJisiM.
TAX

   Resources  taken from private
individuals and private enterprises
and made  available for governmental
goods and service.  See: Public
Good.
HAJIOF
   PecypcH,  B3HMaeMue c
    HJIH npennpHHTHfi H npeflocia-
        B  pacnopHKeuHe rocynap-
         O6l.eKTOB HJIH CJiy)K6 .
CM.  OScjiyjKKBaHHe o6iuecTBCHHOCTn.
TOTAL RESOURCES  COSTS

   All costs,  including the monetary
costs calculated in terms of present
worth values  or  equivalent annual
values over  the  planning period as
expressed  in  the interest (discount)
rate, as well as the norunonetary
significance  and impact of socio-
economic and  environmental factors.
OBlUAfl CTOMMOCTb PECyPCOB


   Bee H3flep)KKH( B TOM MHCJie  H
neHewHHe,  ucMHCJiHewtae B nepeso-
ne H3 fleftCTBHTCJI&HyiO CTOHMOCTb
B HacTOHiuee BPBMH HJIH na  3KBHsa-
JISHTHyid rOflOByiO CTOHMOCTb 33  BSCb
CPOK  njiaHHpOBKH; BbipajKaioTca B npo-
ueHTHux cTaexax, no BKjiuuaioT  THK-
«e H  y^er  nefleHe»Hbix
K3K COUHajlbH
TOpbl  H BOSflCHCTBHe H3
cpeny.
USER CHARGE

   The cost  or  charge to the
consumer for a particular service
provided.
       , B3HHAEMA3 C nOTPEEHTEJTEPl
aa Kai
-------
VARIABLE COST                               HEPEMEUHblE PACXOflbl

   The name given  to  total  cost less          TBPMHH, noi
-------
      PART VI




UNITS AND MEASURES
       129

-------
acre
  = 4840 sq yd or = 43560 sq ft
  or = 1/640 sq mi or = 0.404687 ha

acre-foot
  = 1233.49 cu m or = 43560 cu ft
  or = 325851 US gallons

acre-inch
  = 102.73 cu m or = 3630 cu ft

are (square dekameter)
  = 119.6 sq yd or = 1076.4 sq ft
  or = 0.0247 acre or = 0.01 ha

barrel of crude oil
  = 159 liters or = 42 US gallons

British thermal unit
  (B.T.U., BTU, B.t.u., b.t.u)
  = 252 g-cal
  1 BTU per sec = 1054 kilowatt
  1 BTU per degree F = 453.6 g-cal
  per degree C

calorie, small (gram-calorie)
  (cal, g-cal)
  =4.18 joule

centimeter
  (cm)
  = 0.3937 inch

cubic centimeter
  (cu cm, cm3, cc)
  = 0.061 cu in

cubic foot
  (cu ft)
  = 28317 cu cm or = 0.0283 cu m
  1 cu ft/sec = 28.316 liter/sec or
  = 0.02832 cu m/sec
  1 cu ft/acre = 0.06993 cu m/ha
  1 cu ft/min = 1.699 cu m/hr
  1 cu ft/sec. sq mi
  = 10.93 liter/sec. sq km

cubic inch
  (cu in)
  =16.387 cu cm

cubic meter
  (cu m, m3)
  =61023.4 cu in or = 264.17 US gallons

cubic mile
  (cu mi)
  =4.1679 cu km

cubic millimeter
  (cu mm, mm3)
  = 0.000061 cu in

cubic yard
  (cu yd)
  =0.765 cu m

degree Centigrade (Celsius)
ai

yT aioftM ap 6appejib 6pnT3HCKaa B.T.E., BTE, 5.i.e., STC Majiaa HJIH caHTHMexp CM C3HTHM6TP Ky6. CM, CM Ky6. Ky6. MCTp Kye. M, M MHJ1H Ky6. MHJIH MHJUIHM6TP Ky6. MM, MM KyG. rpajqyc To convert degrees Centigrade into degrees Fahrenheit, multiply by 9/5 and add 32; - into degrees Kelvin, add 273.16 to the degrees Centigrade. Ann nepesona rpaaycoo UenbCHn B rpanycbi OapeHrenxa, noMHOJKbxe Ha 9/5 H npn6aBbTe 32; - D rpajqycbi - npiiGaDbie 273,16 K rpa- no 130


-------
degree Fahrenheit
  To convert degrees Fahrenheit into
  degrees Centigrade, subtract 32 and
  multiply by 5/9; - to degrees Rankine,
  add 459.7 to the degrees Fahrenheit.

degrees Kelvin
rpaAyc CapeHrcflTa
   Ofc
   ftnfi nepeaona rpaaycoo 4>apeHrertTa
   D rpanycw Uojibcun, BUHTHTe  32  H
   noMHOWbTe iia 5/9; - B rpajiycu  PaH-
   Kima - npn6aBbTe 459,7  K  rpanycaM
  For measurements from an absolute zero
  (TabS = minus 273.16°C).  According to
  the Kelvin scale, water freezes at
  273.16°K (zero temperature) and boils
  at 373.16°K (boiling point).

degree Rankine
  (°Rank)
  The Fahrenheit scale counterpart to the
  Centigrade scale for measurements from
  an absolute zero (=minus 459. 7°F).

foot
  (ft)
  = 30.48 cm
  1 ft/sec = 0.3048 m/sec or = 18.288 m/min
  1 ft/min = 0.508 cm/sec or = 34.48 cm/min

gallon, US
  (gal)
  = 3.785 liters or = 3785 cu cm or
  = 0.13368 cu ft or = 231 cu in
  1 gal/acre = 9.353 liter/ha
  1 gal/sq ft = 40.743 liter/sq m
  1 gal/rain = 0.0631 liter/sec or =
  3.786 liter/min
  1 million gal/day = 3785 cu m/day

gram
  (g)
  = 0.035 oz or = 1 milliliter or =
  = 1 cu cm of water
  1 g/crn = 0.0056 Ib/in

hectare  (square hectometer)
  (ha)
  = 2.471 acres or = 10000 sq m or
  = 100 ares

hectoliter
  (hi)
  = 26.4178 US gal or = 3.5315 cu ft or
  = 100 liters

horsepower
  (HP, hp, h.p.)
  = 550 ft-lb/sec or = 75 kg-m/sec or
  = 0.7355 kilowatt

inch
  (in)
  = 2.54 cm

inch of mercury
  (in Hg)
  = 25.4 mm Hg

joule
  (j, J)
  = 0.10197 kg-m or = 0.23885 g-cal or
  - 0.0009486 BTU

kilocalorie (kilogram-calorie, large
  calorie)
  (kcal, k-cal, K-cal, Cal)
  = 1000 g-cal or = 4186  joule
rpaflyc
   °K
   JUlH H3M6peHHfl OT a6COJlMTHOrO HVJ1H,  T.e.
   Mwnyc 273,16° U. Cornacno umajie KeJibBHH
   BOfla 3aMepaaeT npw  273,16° K - aynesaa
   Tewneparypa - H aaKHnaex  npH 373,16  U,
   MTO eCTb TOMKa KHneHHH.

rpaflyc PaHKHHa
   °PanK .
   Ha uiKajie (PapcHreRxa -  «JIH nsMepeHHft
   OT aBcojiwTHoro HVJIH, T.e. MHHyc 459,7
   rpaflycoB no *apenrefiTy.
rpaMM
    r
 reKTap
    ra
           cmia
    n.c.,  JIG
               CTon6a
                 HJIH KHJTOKanopHH
    KK3JI
                                       131

-------
kilogram
   (kg)
  = 2.2046 Ib or = 1 liter
  1 kg/sq cm = 14.2234 Ib/sq  in  or =
  735.514 nun Hg or = 28.9572  in  Hg

kilometer
   (km)
  = 0.62137 mi
  1 km/hr = 0.5396 knot

kilowatt
   (kw)
  - 0.239 k-cal/sec or =  0.9486  BTU/sec
  1 kilowatt-hour  (kw-hr) = 3600000 joules;
  = 3415 BTU or = 1.359 horsepower-hour or
  = 860.2 k-cal.

knot
   (k, kt)
  = 1 nautical mile per hour  or
  = 1.853 km/hr

liter
   (1)
  « 61.025 cu in or = 0.03531 cu ft or
  = 0.264 US gal or = 1000 cu cm
  1 liter/sq m = 0.02454  gal/sq  ft

meter
   (m)
  = 3.2808 ft or = 1.09361 yd or
  = 39.37 in
  1 m/sec = 196.85 ft/min
  1 m/min = 0.05468 ft/sec

micrometer (micron)
   (m)
  = 0.000001 meter

mile  (statute mile)
   (mi)
  = 1.60935 km or = 5280  feet
  1 mi/hr = 0.02682 km/min

mile  (nautical mile, sea  mile)
   (n mi)
  = 1.85318 km

millibar
   (mbar)
  = 1000 dynes per sq cm

millimeter
   (mm)
  = 0.03937 in

millimeter of mercury
   (mm Hg)
  = 1.333 millibar or = 0.03937  in Hg

ounce
   (oz)
  = 28.35 g

per mil
   (per thousand, per mille, pro  mille)
   (p.m., o/oo)
   xr
KHJ1OM0TP
   KM
KHJIOBaTT
   KBT
JIHTp
   ji
M6TP
   M
MHKPOMGTP HJ1H MHKpOH

   MKM
MHJIH  (ycxaBHan)
MHJIH MOpCKaH
   M6ap, M6
MHJIJIHMeXp

   MM
          pxyxHOro  cxonSa
   MM PT. CT.
yHUHH
HPOMHJIJie HJIH npOMHJIb
   o/oo
                                       132

-------
pound
  db)
  = 453.59 g
  1 Ib/in = 17.8579 kg/m
  1 Ib/ft = 1.4882 kg/m
  1 Ib/sq in = 0.0703 kg/sq cm or
  = 51.71 mm Hg

quart,  liquid (US)
  (Iq q, Iq. qt.)
  = 0.9463 liter or 946.3 cu cm or
  = 0.25 US gal or = 57.75 cu in

square centimeter
  (sq cm, cm^)
  = 0.155 sq in

square foot
  (sq ft)
  = 929 sq cm or = 0.0929 sq m
  = 144 sq in

square inch
  (sq in)
  = 6.45 sq cm

square kilometer
     (sq  km, km^)
    = 100 ha or  247.1 acres or  0.3861 sq mi

square meter
     (sq  m, m^)
    = 10000 sq cm = 10.7638 sq  ft  or
    1.1959 sq yd  or 1550  sq in

square mile
  (sq mi)
  = 640 acres or 258.9 ha or
  = 2.589 sq km

standard atmosphere (normal, physical)
  (atm)
  = 760 mm Hg or = 1.033 kg/sq cm or
  = 14.698 Ib/sq in

ton, metric
  (t, m.t.)
  = 1000 kg or 2204.62 Ib or
  = 1.1023 short tons

ton, register
  (g.r.t., or, in Europe, BRT)
•  = 2.93 cu m or = 100 cu ft

ton, short
  (sh.  t)
  = 907.184 kg or = 2000 Ib

tor
  = 1 mm Hg or = 1/760 atm

yard
  (yd)
  = 0.9144 m
4>yHT
KBapra
caHTHMexp
   KB. CM,
              aMepm
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