EPA-450/3-76-019-a
April 1977
RANKING THE INPUT
AND OUTPUT DATA USED
TO DETERMINE NEW
SOURCE PERFORMANCE
STANDARD IMPACTS
U.S. ENVIF 'UV^ENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office ., •. and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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EPA 450/3-76-019-a
RANKING THE INPUT AND OUTPUT
DATA USED TO DETERMINE
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE
STANDARD IMPACTS
by
The Research Corporation of New England
129 Silas Dean Highway
Weathersfield, Connecticut! 061091
Contract No. 68-02-1382
EPA Project Officer: Gary D. McCutchen
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
April 1977
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This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report technical
data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are available free of
charge to Federal employees, current contractors and grantees, and nonprofit
organizations - in limited quantities - from the Library Services Office (MD-
35), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a fee, from the
National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by The Research
Corporation of New England, Weathersfield, Connecticut 06109, in fulfillment
of Contract No.68-02-1382. The contents of this report are reproduced herein
as received from The Research Corporation of New England. The opinions,
findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily
those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or product
names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environmental Protection
Agency.
Publication No. EPA-450/3-76-019-a
11
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FOREWORD
During 1974, two studies were initiated that ultimately resulted in the
establishment of priorities for developing and promulgating New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS) . The procedures used to determine these
priorities produced a great deal of information that is believed to be useful
in the industries involved and, accordingly, is being published in this series
of reports (EPA-450/3-76-017. EPA-450/3-76-018, EPA-450/3-76-019. and
EPA-450/3-76-020) . This information is organized as follows:
EPA-450/3-76-017 discusses (1) the mathematical model (Model IV) used
to determine NSPS impacts over a 10-year period; (2) the methods used to
attain input variables; and (3) the summary tables which are the heart of
this study. Included in the summary tables are data related to (1) emission,
growth, and replacement rates; (2) present and future production and
capacity; (3) nationwide emissions; and (4) NSPS impact. These tables
include information on 13 pollutants and nearly 200 stationary source
categories.
EPA-450/3-3-76-018-a, -b, -c. -d, -e, and -fare the calculation sheets.
showing how the input variables reported in EPA-450/3-76-017 were derived. All
information sources, assumptions, and calculations are documented and explained
The appropriate worksheets are arranged alphabetically in the following volumes:
018-a - Stationary Combustion Sources
018-b - Chemical Processing Industries
018-c - Food and Agricultural Industries
018-d - Mineral Products Industries
018-e - Metallurgical Industries
018-f - Miscellaneous Sources (Evaporation Losses, Petroleum
Industry, Wood Products Industry, and Assembly Plants
iii
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The 018-a -f series is of interest only to those concerned with the detailed
calculations used to determine the Model IV input variables.
EPA-U50/3-76-019-a provides additional results and information produced
during the priority study. Its major purpose is to describe the computer program
used to rank all the Model IV input and output variables by pollutant (these rankings
are reported in 019-b and -c). In addition, it contains (1) summaries of the
control systems considered "best" for each source, (2) equipment retirement ages,
and (3) emission trends for each source category.
EPA-t50/3-76-019-b and c present the computer-generated ranked data for
each pollutant. Ranking is from highest to lowest for each of the 21 variables,
e.g., A (nationwide capacity) and Eu (uncontrolled emission rate) . Volume 019-b
contains ranked data for particulate, nitrogen oxide (NOX) , and sulfur oxide (SOX)
sources. In Volume 019-c, the remaining pollutant sources are ranked: hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide (CO), fluorides, hazardous material, acid mist, lead, ammonia,
sulfides, chlorine, and trace metals.
EPA-U50/3-76-020, the final document in this series, takes the objective
impact values from EPA-450/3-76-017, adds subjective judgements, and uses
these combined criteria to produce a priority list for NSPS development. The
report then calculates nationwide emission trends over the next 15 years for
each criteria pollutant (particulate, SOX, NOX, hydrocarbons, and CO) based
on a series of scenarios (e.g., no NSPS. 20 NSPS per year, etc.)
In summary, documents EPA-450/3-76-017 and 020 present the results of
this study. Each stands alone, but they also complement each other, with 020
building on the results of 017. The remaining documents (018-a -f and 019-a -c)
present additional and/or more detailed information derived from the impact
and priority studies.
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 SUMMARY 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION 3
3.0 DISCUSSION 6
3.1 Background 6
3.2 Model IV 8
3.3 Computer Program 13
3.3.1 General 13
3.3.2 Input 15
3.3.3 Output 22
3.4 Summary of Control Techniques 24
3.5 Control Potential 25
3.6 Summary of Retirement Ages 26
3.7 Future Emission Trends 27
APPENDIX
i
II
HI
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR MODEL IV
INPUT FORMAT CARDS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
3-1
3-2
3-3
TABLE
3-1
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
PAGE
Applicability of NSPS to Construction and
Modification 11
Model IV Input Coding Form 16
Model IV Program Input 18
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Model IV Code Values Ranking Parameters, ISW
& IOU 19
Model IV Code Val.ies Emissions Units [15] &
Production Units [16] 21
Summary of Control Techniques - Fabric Filtra-
tion 29
Summary of Control Techniques - Scrubbing .... 33
Summary of Control Techniques - Cyclonic Separa-
tion 38
Summary of Control Techniques - Electrostatic
Precipitation 39
Summary of Control Techniques,- Thermal Oxida-
tion 40
Summary of Control Techniques - Catalytic Oxi-
dation 43
Summary of Control Techniques - Carbon Adsorp-
tion 44
Summary of Control Techniques - Mechanical
Changes 45
Summary of Control Techniques - Process Change . . 47
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
(continued)
TABLE
3-12 Summary of Control Techniques - Combustion
Modification .................. 49
3-13 Summary of Control Techniques - Miscellaneous
Controls .................... 50
3-14 Summary of Retirement Ages ........... 51
3-15 Emission Trends - Particulate .......... 60
3-16 Emission Trends - NOX .............. 66
3-17 Emission Trends - SOX .............. 70
3-18 Emission Trends - HC .............. 74
3-19 Emission Trends - CO .............. 81
3-20 Emission Trends - Fluorides .......... 85
3-21 Emission Trends - Hazardous Pollutants ..... 89
3-22 Emission Trends - Acid Mist .' ........... 91
3-23 Emission Trends - Lead ............. 93
3-24 Emission Trends - Ammonia ............ 97
3-25 Emission Trends - Sulfides ........... 99
3-26 Emission Trends - Chlorine ........... 102
3-27 Emission Trends - Trace Metals ..... , . . . 103
vii
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1.0 SUMMARY
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act charges the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency with the responsibility of establishing
Federal standards of performance for new stationary sources which may
significantly contribute to air pollution. These new source performance
standards (NSPS) will reflect the degree of emission limitation achieva-
ble through application of the best demonstrated control methods, con-
sidering cost. Due to limited manpower and funding, it is not feasible
to set standards for all sources simultaneously and, therefore, an over-
all strategy is being developed to delineate the priorities by which
such standards should be set. This strategy will focus attention on
those sources for which NSPS control would have the greatest impact on
reducing the quantity of a'..m'j.~?herir emissions. Estimates of the pro-
jected differential in emissions with and without anticipated NSPS is
to serve as the basis for determining these standard-setting priorities.
This report is the third and final document presenting the results
of a study to develop such estimates for approximately 200 source cate-
gories. These "emission impact" calculations have been performed using a
generalized priority rating system developed by EPA known as Model IV.
The model has been computerized to permit refinement of data as new or
more up-to-date information becomes available.
EPA-450/3-76-017, Impact £f New Source Performance Standards on 1985
National Emissions from Stationary Sources, presents the detailed results
of the study and contains appropriate conclusions and recommendations.
In-depth discussion of the model factors, source categories, pollutants
evaluated,'calculation methodology and special case considerations are also
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included. EPA-450/3-76-018-a through 018-f contain the detailed calculation
sheets developed for each of the 200 source categories. These sheets include
additional information regarding historical trends within the category, plant
locations and sizes, projections of growth and the potential for change, alter-1
nate sources of data, value and confidence levels of the input variables, al-
ternate control techniques and interrelationships of various industrial cate-
gories. The present volume, EPA-450/3-76-019-a, along with -019-b and -c, de-
scribes the computer program used to develop the emission values and outlines
the input requirements for future use by EPA or TRC personnel. Several new
variables not discussed in EPA-450/3-76-017 are defined and the program has
been written such that the output can be automatically "ranked" according to
any one of several preselected options. Ranked data are presented in a form
such that the present volume, EPA-450/3-76-019-a, along with -Olft-b and -c, dan
be used as a comprehensive reference handbook. The present volume contains in
table form a listing of the various control devices or techniques representing
best control applied to new sources and the source categories to which they
were deemed applicable, control efficiencies, and installation status. It al-
so contains a list of source category retirement ages, estimates of anticipated
future emission trends and discusses how investigators may further utilize
the information developed during this project.
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is preparing to establish
a long-range schedule for promulgating new source performance standards
(NSPS). In order for these future NSPS to be most effective, an overall
strategy or plan of action is being developed so that priorities for
standard setting can be established. This master plan will take into
account the impact of standards on atmospheric emissions, pollutant
priorities, completion dates of research and development studies on con-
trol technology, availability of test methods, manpower for standards
development, geographical distribution of sources, effects on ambient
air quality and anticipated economic factors. The purpose of this
series of documents is to present the results of a program to calculate
the impact of N.-iPS on air pollutant emissions from sources within the
United States.
These calculations have been performed1 using a generalized priority
rating system known as Model IV,( ' which mathematically expresses the
differential in atmospheric emissions that.could be expected with and without
NSPS. For example, a maximum emission differential would be observed for a
source for which a stringent standard of performance was technically feasible,
but for which there were no existing state emission limitations. On the
other hand, a minimum or zero emission differential would be observed for a
source if a standard of performance representing best control technology
were generally equal to existing state regulations. This priority rating system
is applied to approximately 200 source categories and the results are listed
in decreasing order of potential emission reduction in EPA-450/3-76-017,
Inpact of New Source Performance Standards on 1985 National Emissions from
Stationary Sources.
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The model by which emission impact Is calculated uses 1975 capa-
city as the baseline to which estimated growth and obsolescence rates
over the next ten years are applied to obtain the new and modified
capacity that could be regulated by >TRPS in the period 1975 to 1985.
The best available level of control is then applied to this capacity
to determine the level of emissions under NSPR control in 3985. For
.comparison, another set of emission levels is determined for 1985 by
applying to this same new and modified capacity the control levels
stipulated by state regulations, or (in the absence of applicable regu-
lations) uncontrolled emission levels. Poth sets of emission levels
represent maximum values based on capacity. They are then tempered
by a capacity utilization factor to convert emission levels from oper-
ation at capacity to operation at production rates anticipated in 1985.
The difference between the two values of mission levels represents the.
control effectiveness of NSPS for a specific pollutant within a source.
This is the first step in determining the order of standard setting
since priority attention should be given to source categories for which
the greatest potential for emission reduction can be expected.
Section 3.0 of this report presents a description of Model IV and
the factors which comprise it. The computer program input requirements
and output format are also described. Source category-pollutant con-
trol techniques are outlined along with anticipated levels of efficiency
and the installation status as determined from the literature. Esti-
mates of anticipated future emission trends are presented in light of
their relationship to present emission levels and the future use of
the model and the results obtained frovi its use are also discussed.
Results of our study were presented in EPA-450/3-76-017, ranked on the
basis of potential for PITH salon reduction. Since other .uses-of the data can
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be readily conceived they have been subsequently ranked by an additional 20
options. EPA-450/3-76-019-b, Ranked Input and Output Data Used to Determine
Impact of New Source Performance Standards for Particulate Matter, Nitrogen
Oxides. and Sulfur Oxides, and EPA-450/3-76-019-C, Ranked Input and Output
Data Used to Determine Impact of New Source Performance Standards for Hydro-
carbons. Carbon Monoxide, and Other Pollutants, present this ranked data on
a pollutant by pollutant basis for all 21 options.
The majority of the results, calculations and rationale is presented
in EPA-450/3-76-017 and in EPA-450/3-76-018-a through -f. The reader should
be familiar with the content of these volumes before attempting to utilize
any information presented in this the present volume or in EPA-450/3-76-019-b
or EPA-450/3-76-019-C.
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3.0 DISCUSSION
3.1 Background
(2)
The Clean Air Act of 1970, building on prior federal, state and
local control agency legislation and experience, authorized a national
program of air pollution prevention and control which included the
following major approaches:
(1) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Sections 109 and 110).
(2) Emission Standards for Moving Sources (Sections 202, 211 and
231).
(3) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(Section 112).
(4) Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources (Section
111).
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources are commonly re-
ferred to as new source performance standards or NSPS, These are emission
standards, established by EPA, which reflect the degree of emission limi-
tation achievable through the application of the best adequately demon-
strated system of emission reduction, taking into account the cost of
achieving such reduction. They apply only to new or -.nodified sources,
with one exception: if the standard is for a "designated" pollutant
(i.e., a pollutant which is neither a "criteria" nor a "hazardous" pollu-
tant), then a separate standard is established for existing sources by
state agencies (Section llld).
The major objective of new source performance standards is to ob-
viate future air pollution problems rather than uo correct them after
the fact. Tho most practical time, from bc;h an cronomic and technical
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standpoint, to install pollution control equipment is during the construc-
tion phase of a new facility. Add-on systems or devices are more costly
than those incorporated in the plant design and they may not represent
the application of best technology due to the constraints placed on them
by existing structures and process considerations. Pollution control
equipment, designed as an integral part of a process or operation, is
the most effective means of reducing emissions at the least possible ex-
pense. In many instances, proper selection, design and incorporation
of controls can result in zero cost or even a savings for new plant
operations.
Since NSPS require best demonstrated control technology on new or
modified plants, they have the effect of preventing significant quan-
tities of emissions from rapidly growing industries and from extensive
plant modification efforts. It is an effective means of minimizing air
quality degradation, since the standards can be reviewed periodically and
modified to reflect advancements in the state-of-the-art of control
technology. Future plants or plant modifications would then be subject
to the new standard, thus preventing the degradation that would result
from the application of "static" regulations to growing sources. In
addition, pollutants which are neither "criteria" nor "hazardous" may
be controlled for existing sources through application of Section lll(d)
of the Clean Air Act. These pollutants are defined as "designated"
pollutants. '•*!
Due to limited manpower and funding, it is not feasible to set
standards on all sources simultaneous!v and irnnediately. According-
ly, an overall &tratepy to delineate priorities is be.inp developed.
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These priorities are being determined by evaluating the quantitative
impact of a standard in terms of emission reduction for a group of
sources. Superimposed upon this are other priority and timing factors
such as lead times necessary to develop applicable control methods or
test procedures and manpower availability.
3.2 Model IV
Several models have been developed by the EPA for the determina-
tion of priorities over the past few years. The first model provided
a comparison of source categories based on total atmospheric emissions
of all pollutants, availability of control technology, and other fac-
tors. The second model focused on the need for individual priorities
for each pollutant and attempted tc restrict rating criteria to fac-
tors selected from a generalized strategy for the pollutant. Impact on
emissions was a prime criterion in all cases, but impact was expressed
on a relative scale. The third model attempted to emphasize impact, but
the relative scale concept was retained. Because impact was expressed
in a relative way, the model did not provide a system amenable to grad-
ual refinement as available information was improved. Other models
developed by EPA have taken into account toxicity, exposure, ambient
air concentrations or population density. These models are generally
complex and not amenable to modification or refinement in addition to
presenting impact on a relative scale.
Model IV, which is developed below, is amenable to data refinement
and provides a quantitative estimate of anticipated impact of standards
of performance in preventing atmospheric emissions.
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The additional control potential of new or revised standards of
performance stems from the application of emission standards that are
more stringent than those presently applied to construction and modi-
fication. This potential, for a specified time period, is expressed as
(T - T )
US V
Where: T_ = Emissions under baseline year control regulations
TN = Emissions under new or revised standards of perfor-
mance.
To calculate the control potential of standards of performance,
other factors must be considered, such as the portion of growth require-
ments that can be satisfied from present unused capacity and the obsoles-
cence and replacement rates of existing facilities. Such a comparison
can be expressed mathematically.
The following notation is used in the development of the relation-
ship between projected emissions under baseline year (1975) regulations
and NSPS control.
T- = total emissions in i year under baseline year regulations
(tons/yr).
TN = total emissions in i year under new or revised NSPS which
have been promulgated in the j4-*1 year (tons/yr).
TU = total emissions in i year assuming no control- (tons/yr).
T = total emissions in baseline year under baseline year regu-
lations (tons/yr).
T_ e total emissions in i year under baseline year regulations
for the production capacity on line prior to the jt'1 year
and still operating in the itn year (A-B), (tons/yr).
production capacity on line prior to the j1- year and
still operating in the ich year (A-B), (tons/yr).
T = total emissions in i year assuming no control for the
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K = normal fractional utilization rate of existing capacity,
assumed constant during time interval.
A = baseline year production capacity (production units/yr).
B = production capacity from construction and modification to
replace obsolete facilities (production units/yr).
C = production capacity from construction and modification to
increase output above baseline year capacity (production
units/yr).
P = construction and modification rate to replace obsolete
capacity (decimal fraction of baseline capacity/yr) .
Pc = construction and modification rate to increase source
capacity (decimal fraction of baseline capacity/yr).
£_ = allowable emissions under existing regulations (mass/unit
capacity).
E.. = allowable emissions under standards of performance (mass/
unit capacity).
EU = emissions with no control (mass/unit capacity).
For the purpose of this study the i year is defined as 1985 and
the jth year, 1975.
Assuming that capacity lost due to obsolescence is replaced by con-
struction and modification, as schematically shown in Figure 3-1, then,
•= Eg K (A - B) + Eg K (B + C) ........ (1)
and
K (A - B) + E K (B + C) ........ (2)
Ts - TN = K (B +C) (Eg - EJJ) .......... (3)
Values of B and C arc determined as follows:
(a)' If compound growth is assumed,
10
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FIGURE 3-1
03
o
ro
a
ro
o
c
o
3
73
2
Q.
Applicability of NSPS
to construction and modification
C (B+C)
Baseline year capacity
(A-B)
years
(A-B) = capacity regulated by existing limitations
(B-t-C) = capacity regulated by NSPS
11
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B = A [ (1 + Pg)1 - 1] (4)
C = A [ (1 + P(,)i - 1] (5)
(b) If simple growth is assumed,
B - AiP_ (6)
C = AiPc (7)
where:
i = elapsed time, years
In addition, the following values may be calculated:
ESKA ........................ (8)
(A - B) + EK (B + C) .............. (9)
T£ = ESK (A - B) .................... (10)
TUE = V (A - B)
Further refinement of the model may be realized for cases where E_
o
and/or K for new and existing facilities differ. In this case,
Tg = KiEg (A - B) + K2ES (B + C) ........... (12)
where:
E = Eg for existing plants
ig = Eg for new plants
12
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KI « K for existing plants
K£ • K for new plants
If there is only a single value of either K or Eg, the equation
would be written accordingly.
Therefore,
S - TN = KZ (B * C) (ES - V
Section lll(d) of the Clean Air Act requires the States to regulate
designated pollutants from existing installations for sources to which
NSPS have been applied. To handle this situation, a slight modifica-
tion to the model is necessary. T.., T and Tg are the same as for cri-
teria pollutants. T.T is redefined, however, as
N
TND = Elll(d) K (A - B) + V le emissions under state regulations as required
1 ' by Section lll(d) of the Act.
T,™ = total emissions in i year under Section lll(d) and
NSPS regulations.
3.3 Computer Program
3.3.1 General
The Model IV computer program is designed to calculate the varia-
bles TA, Ty, Tg, TN> B and C and the impact on pollutant emissions,
(Tg - TN). The program requires the industrial prime variables K, A,
13
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P_ and P- and the emission prime variables Eg, £„ and E as input for
these calculations.
The original computer program was developed to perform these
basic calculations and a listing was presented in Volume I. Subsequent-
ly, the program was modified to increase its overall utility to the
user and to render it more amenable to future refinement of data as new
information becomes available. This original program was very general
and accomplished only the most basic calculations; the others required
manual efforts. In summary, the following changes have been made to the
deck:
1. Calculation of Tg can incorporate different fractional util-
ization factors, K, and different allowable emissions, Eg,
for new and existing facilities.
«
2. Calculation of Ty and TJJ can incorporate different frac-
tional utilization factors, K, for new and existing
capacity.
3. Calculations for designated pollutants can be accomplished.
4. The output values are appropriately rounded off so as to offset
the superficial "accuracy" of machine calculated values,
5. Cases for which there was no demonstrated control tech-
nology are printed out in the main listing but are dis-
tinguished from the other cases with an asterisk (*).
6. The printout is presented in a two page format—the first
page summarizing all input values and the second page
summarizing all calculated output values.
7. The program output can be ranked by any one of 21 varia-
bles.
8. Tlnec additional output values, are calculated—T_., Ttn? and
(1-EM/ES). E UE
A listing of the new program is provided in Appendix A.
14
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3.3.2 Input
Figure 3-2 shows the coding form to be used to input data for the
calculation program. The program will handle as many sources as com-
puter storage space allows with each source having a two-card input.
Criteria and designated pollutants must be handled separately because
of their different output table heading requirements. Cases are batch
run on a pollutant basis.
As shown in Figure 3-3, there are four basic sections to the pro-
gram input. The first consists of control cards that provide the nec-
essary commands to "initiate" program functions. These will vary with
the specific requirements of the computer software available to the
user.
The second set of input cards consists of format instructions for
the output. These cards keep the output parameters, which have varia-
ble field sizes, centered in their respective columns on the printed
output page. A copy of the format control cards is provided in Appen-
dix B.
The next card controls the order of output data and the parameter
by which the sources will be ranked. The first value, ISW, having val-
ues of +1, -], 0 gives the instruction as to whether the data arc to be
ordered in ascending, descending, or as input form, respectively. The
second parameter, IOU, having an integer value between 1 and 21 as out-
lined in Table 3-1, keys the procedure to the variable by which the
sources are to be ranked. (If no ranking is desired, set ISW = 0 and
IOU = ]). The pollutant name is listed on the following card as it
will appear on the output printed page as part of the table heading.
15
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NO. OF
FIGURE 3-2
MODEL IV INPUT CODING FORM
U-LL
POLLUTANTS
5
•Mi
ISW
1 1 I
10
IOU
! 1 f I
|
| |
5 10 15 20
M M M. I. M M M M M
POLLUTANT NAME
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FIGURE 3-2 (Continued)
5 10 15
1 i j. ! • j i i 1 | i | ! i i i | !
SOURCE
20 25 30 35 40
I 1 1 ! 1 M Mi ! | | 1 j i M ' ! I '
NAME
45
1 1 )
RATING jg
' i
KN
. :
45
5
I
i
i
i
KE
* i
50
1 ! !
E111D
10
1 i
15
50
IRPB
ES
i
1
! M !
55
j
!
\
\
60
!
65
i
ES,NEW FACILITIES
20
!
.EXISTING FACIl.
\
.
I
I
!
70
i
30
1
EN
61
1
PC
t
i
65
)
16
IRPC
!
1
1
1
75
!
E
u
75
A
1
!
1
|
|
1
80
!
40
80
i
40
SOURCE NAME
i t
KN
45
1
1 |
55
i
E111D
i
KE
10
i !
15
50
ES'
1
ES'
i
I !
65
I
NEW FACILITIES
20
!
EXISTING FACIL.
|
61
1
PC
1
1
1
1
80
1
EN
65
1
16
!
30
1.
1
40
EU
!
A
75
"
LJL
80
1
45 50
Ml lit
PB
fcs
i t i
RATING 4
45 -50
! M 1 ! ! .
PB
IRPB
IRPC
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END
PB.IKPB.PC.IRPC,
16,A
SOURCE,IRATNG,
E1.1.1D,EP
POLLUTANT NAME
ISW.IOU
SB
FC2
FC
FB
FA2
FA
SOURCE
DATA
OUTPUT
FORMAT
CONTROL
CONTROL CA1U)S
FIGURE 3-3
MODEL IV PROGRAM INPUT
18
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TABLE 3-1
MODEL IV CODE VALUES
RANKING PARAMETERS, ISW & IOU
Order of Ranking
ISW + 1 Rank Output in Ascending Order
ISW = 0 Output Arranged in Order of Input
ISW - 1 Rank Output in Descending Order
Ranking Parameter
ICU
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Rank By
A
B
C
EN
ES (exist-
ing)
ES (new)
EU
1 - EN/ES
E111D
PB
PC-C
IOU
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Rank By
PC-S
K (exist
ing)
TU
TA
TE
TUB
TS
TND
Ts - TN; Tg - '
TN
19
-------
Source data are the last part of the data deck. Each source con-
sists of a two card input. The first includes the source name, rating
(not used in this project), E,,ln (for designated pollutants only), and
E_ for new facilities. For pollutants/sources which have identical E_
b S
for new and existing facilities this value need not be punched. An
asterisk (*) can be placed in Column 78 for those sources for which no
demonstrated control technology is available. This figure will be
printed on the output values page next to the source to distinguish it
from those sources which have a demonstrated control technology. Aster-
isked sources, taken by themselves, are in fact also ranked according
the preselected option. The second card provides the following data:
K.. ** fractional utilization factor for new facilities.
K_. = fractional utilization factor for existing facili-
ties, equal to KN where no fractional utilization
distinction is made between new and existing facil-
ities.
15 = key for emissions units; i.e., pounds/ton, lb/106 BTU,
etc. (see Table 3-2).
allowable emissions under existing regulations for
existing facilities (mass/unit of capacity).
EN = allowable emissions under standards of performance
(mass/unit of capacity).
emissions with no control (mass/unit of capacity).
construction and modification rate to replace ob-
solete capacity (decimal fraction of baseline ca-
pacity/yr).
20
-------
TABLE 3-2
MODEL IV CODE VALUES
EMISSIONS UNITS [15] & PRODUCTION UNITS [16]
Emission Units [15]
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Production Units [16]
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Emission Units
Ib/gal
lb/E6 ft3
Ib/ton
lb/E6 BTU
Ib/bale
Ib/barrel
lb/yd3
Ib/production unit
Production Units
E6 gal
E6 ft3
E6 tons
E12 BTU
E6 bale
E6 barrel
E6 yd3
EC production units
21
-------
IRPB = S simple rate of replacement
«• C compound rate of replacement
P = construction and modification rate to increase
source capacity (decimal fraction of baseline ca-
pacity /yr).
IRPC = S simple rate of increase
= C compound rate of increase
16 = key for units of production (production units/yr);
see Table 3-2.
A = baseline year production capacity.
These source data cards are repeated for all sources of interest,
limited by the storage capacity of the computer being used* In its
present configuration the program will handle up to 110 sources.
3.3.3 Output
The Model IV output consists of a two page printout. The first
page lists all the input variables and the intermediate variables, B
and C. The output values for criteria pollutants, TA, TTT. T , Tv, T_.,
A U 5 N E
TUE' ^TS~TlP and (i'EN/ES) are listed on the second page. The printout
for designated pollutants has the identical features as that for cri-
teria pollutants except (Tg-TN) is replaced by (Tg-TND) and E1;L1/d\ has
been added.
As mentioned earlier, input or output values can be ranked in ascending,
descending or as-input form by any one of 21 parameters chosen prior to data
input. EPA-450/3-76-019-b and -019-c contain the results of our study
22
-------
ranked by these 21 options and presented on a pollutant basis. These two
volumes are organized as follows:
Appendix Title
EPA-450/3-76-019-b: Ranked Data for Particulates
Ranked Data for NO
Ranked Data for SO*
Ranked Data for HCX
EPA-450/3-76-019-c: Ranked Data for CO
Ranked Data for Fluorides
Ranked Data for Hazardous Pollutants
Ranked Data for Acid Mist
Ranked Data for Lead
Ranked Data for Ammonia
Ranked Data for Sulfides
Ranked Data for Chlorine
Ranked Data for Trace Metals
The first five categories listed above (criteria pollutants) contain 19
subsections as outlined in Table 3-1 (E111/d) and Tvm are not applicable
for criteria pollutants). The last eight categories (designated pollutants)
contain all 21 subsections.
Another feature added to the output was the floating field for
each variable and source. Because of the range of input variables,
whose magnitudes are dependent upon the units used, it was most prac-
tical to customize the output for each variable according to its mag-
nitude. All output values are rounded off as follows:
If the value is ... It is rounded to the nearest . . .
> 100 1.0
between 1 and 100 0.1
between 0.1 and 1.0 0.01
between 0.01 and 0.1 0.001
between 0.001 and 0.01 0.0001
This round off feature was added to offset the superficial accur-
23
-------
acy of machine calculated values and to reflect the accuracy of the in-
put variables.
3.4 Summary of Control Techniques
A great deal of informative and diverse information is available in
the source calculation sheets which make up EPA-450/3-76-018-a through
-018-f. Extracting certain details from these sheets could become time-
consuming due to the sheer volume of material included. Many details, how-
ever, have already been summarized in EPA-450/3-76-017. Throughout the
conduct of the program, there were several requests for specific details not
heretofore presented. One such frequent request dealt with the control
techniques deemed to be most applicable for each source category/pollutant.
In an effort to respond to these requests and for the general information of
those ronctmeci with air pollution control frc:n new stationary sources
Tables 3-3 to 3-13 at the end of Section 3 have been developed. They
summarize the control techniques which represent the best control as
applied to new plants, expected efficiency levels, the installation
statu:., as determined from the literature (new or retrofit), applicable
literature references and appropriate comments. The numbers found un-
der "Reference" in these tables are keyed to the bibliography in Appen-
dix C, and represent the literature source(s) from which specific
control information was determined. The following nomenclature was
used to specify the installation status of control equipment as indi-
cated in the column "New/Retrofit."
NI . . . New - Obvious from the literature
N2 . . . New - Deduced from the literature
R! . . . Retrofit - Obvious from the literature
24
-------
R2 . . . Retrofit - Deduced from the literature
I ... Indeterminate
A ... Control equipment assumed
The tables include the use of fabric filtration, scrubbing, cyclonic
separation, electrostatic precipitation, thermal oxidation, catalytic
oxidation, carbon adsorption, mechanical changes, process change and
combustion modification,
3.5 Control Potential
Another question freqently asked is how much more stringent than
existing state regulations would a given new source performance stan-
dard be. -By relating Ec and EM, we have developed ?.n additional Tiodcl
^ N
factor, control potential (n) which yields values between 0.0 and 1.0.
A value of zero would indicate that E_ is equal to E and that the an-
ticipated new source standard is equal to the average of the existing
state regulations for that source and pollutant. As the value of n
approaches 1.0, the new source standard becomes more and more stringent
than the existing state regulations such that, in the ultimate case (n -
1.0), there are no emissions from the source (E = 0.0). Control poten-
tial is defined as:
EM
n = i.o - -- (is)
Ls
The computer program has been updated to make this determination and
a ranking option exists for presenting the output on the basis of n. Such
rankings are presented in EPA-450/3-76-019-b and EPA-450/3-76-019-C for
each pollutant.
25
-------
3.6 Summary of Retirement Ages
Other frequent requests have dealt In one form or another with cer-
tain of the industrial factors—capacity, growth and obsolescence rates
and their impact on nationwide emissions. The following Table 3-14 sum-
marizes the estimated retirement ages of facilities evaluated in the
study. The value, in years, is the reciprocal of Pn, in most cases, tne
D
rate at which obsolete capacity is replaced. This value, theoretically,
would indicate when all capacity existing in the baseline year, 1975,
will have been retired. Or, if new source standards were set in 1975,
the value indicates the average number of years required for all ca-
pacity within the source category to be under the control of the stan-
dard. However, there were several cases where the reciprocal of P0 did
D
not describe a realistic retirement age. For example, obsolescence
rates for relatively new or emerging industries have yet to be deter-
mined. In order to evaluate these sources realistically, P_ was either
B
zero or very small—the reciprocal being, therefore, infinite or absurd-
ly large. In Table 3-14, these sources were specified "Indeterminate."
There were certain other source categories which exhibited a zero growth
rate. In order to evaluate emission impact, a ?„ was determined; how-
- 1}
ever, just how long it will be until the category is totally obsolete is
pure conjecture. These sources have also been classified "Indeterminate."
As described in detail in EPA-450/3-76-017, several source categories
exhibited negative growth rates. Due to the probable lack of economic
incentive, we assumed that these sources did not replace obsolete ca-
pacity and, as a result, set P equal to zero. These categories have
been classed as "Decreasing Capacity." A few other sources were "Not
26
-------
Evaluated" since odor was the only associated pollutant. Since these
sources were not evaluated within Model IV, they were classified accord-
ingly.
3.7 Future Emission Trends
For most source categories investigated the estimated trend of nation-
wide emissions under NSPS for the period 1975 to 1985 is downward. For"
those categories, this trend would continue presuming of course that K, PC,
Pfl and F. don't change. However, after all capacity existing in 1975 has
D i)
been retired (1/P_, years) the emission trend would then reverse itself
a
eventually reaching and exceeding the 1975 levels. One could in theory
determine when this would occur. Such estimates would indicate the
length of time that a standard could maintain nationwide emissions be-
low 1975 levels. Since the average retirement ages of the categories
investigated were in the range of 20 to 40 years, any estimates of emis-
sion trends beyond that point, based on todays estimates of growth
trends, capacity utilization or emission control levels would in all
likelihood be incorrect. However, an estimate of the "lifespan" of a
standard, as inaccurate as it may be, can serve to point up those source
categories which might ultimately need a reevaluation. For certain
categories, calculations show that hundreds of years can pass, all
things remaining unchanged, before emissions reach 1975 levels. Such
information can assist FPA in its long-term planning efforts for new
source standards and for this reason, the following tables have been
generated. For those cases exhibiting n downward emission trend, mini-
mum annual emissions were determined for the first year in which all
capacity would be subject to NSPS control (TM_N). We then detcrminec
27
-------
how many years would pass before emissions reached 1975 levels (R).
The term YTA in the tables represents the calendar year in which this
situation would ultimately occur. Such analyses were done for each
applicable source category and the results are presented in Tables 3-
15 through 3-27 on a pollutant by pollutant basis.
There were several instances where such estimates could not, for
one reason or another, be determined. The tables reflect this as out-
lined below:
Situation
Unrealistic Retirement Age
Pc < 0
EN
Table Designation
Indeterminate Obsolescence Rate
Decreasing Capacity
Indeterminate - No Growth Category
Indeterminate - No Demonstrated
Control Technology
Indeterminate - Zero Emissions From
NSPS Controlled Capacity
A substantial volume of information is presented in Tables 6-1 through
6-22 in EPA-450/3-76-017 and in nearly 2000 pages of calculation sheets
published as EPA-450/3-76-018-a through -018-f. Any investigator could, in
the future, use this information to analyze a variety of special case consider-
ations depending on his specific requirements and the end use of his analyses.
Any effort to further correlate the results beyond what is presented in
these three volumes is deemed outside the scope of this present project.
28
-------
TABLE 3-3
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Fabric Filtration
Source Category
Oar Son bl=:ck
Le •'..''. ?i'-ii'2nt
Fely_irotiylene
1
•'uiyvinyl
cMor.de
?",P
i "etersrent
Soriiiri carbon-
ate
Fertilizer
I
;
ft stic tries
Anirwl fsed ds-
fluorinatlon
Ee?r Processing
Feed nil lint;
Feerl nil ling
Grain handling
and processing
Grain handling
I2
A
Rl
A
A
N2
»2
N2
M2
N2
A
N2
R2
Nl
Consents
In possible combination
with cyclone
Transfer of Technology from
Detergent Industry
Transfer of Technology from
Lime Industry
Transfer of Technology from
Grain Handling
Preceded by cyclone
ro
10
(continued)
-------
TABLE 3-3
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Fabric Filt-ration
Source Category
Stona quarrying
;n:i processing
Mining and ''ill-
ins of lead
Brick and related
clay products
Osranic cloy
'
Clay sintering
Fly ash sintering
Frit manufacturing
' Class nanufac-
turiri;
Glass manufac-
turing
Gypsum
-
Mineral wool
Pcrlite
Primary lead
i
Primary zir.r
Sub Category
Soda Lime Glass
Opal glass
Pollutant
Particulate
Particulate,
lead
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate,
trace metals
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate, SO
X
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate,
lead
Particulate
Efficiency
99.0
ParticuLate:
99. 5
Lead:
50.0
99.0
99.0
99.9
99.9
90.0
99.0
99.0
99.8
Particulate:
99.9
SO :
X 50.0
97. 1
96.0
Particulate:
99.35
Lead:
99.35
99..I5
Reference
75
278,280
18
18
236
236
46
16
16
75
49,192
46
75
29
75
New/
Retrofit
N?
A
N2
A
A
Rl
I
Rl
R!
Rl
I
I
Rl
A
»1
Concents
Could also include H20
sprays, hooding, cyclones,
and wet scrubbers
Preceded by cyclone
Preceded by cyclone; Trans-
fer of Technology from Brick
and Clay Manufacturing
Transfer of Technology from
Fly Ash Sintering
Efficiency Assumed
Application of control "de-
vices is just developing
Application of control de-
vices is just developing
For control of cupola
emissions
Electrostatic precipi-
tators also used
(con Lin1 u-
-------
TABLE 3-3
(contimed)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Fabric Filtration
Source Category
Secondary alum-
inum
Secondary brass
and bronze
Cast iron foun-
dry
Secondary cop-
per
Secondary cop-
per
Secondary lead
Secondary lead
Secondary lead
Secondary mag-
nesium
Steel foundry
Secondary zinc
Secondary zinc
T.eac! acid bat-
tery
'
Sub Category
Sweat furnace
Electric arc
furnace
Material hand-
ling
Smelting and
refining
Blast furnace
Pot furnace
Reverb furnace
Distillation
Sweating
Pollutant
Particulate
Particulate,
trace metals,
lead
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate,
lead
Particulate,
Dead
Particulate,
lead
Particulate
^articulate
Particulate
Particulate
Tarticulate
Efficiency
94
Particnlate:
99.6
Trace Metals:
99.6
Lead:
99.6
99.0
99.6
99.6
Particulate:
97.0
Lead:
97.0
Particulate:
97.0
Lead:
9V. 0
Particulate:
97.0
Lead:
97.0
97.0
99.0
96.3
96.3
99.9
Reference
49
75
44,75
44,75
50
49
49
44
44
44
44
222
49
49
39
New/
Retrofit
I
Rl
I
I
I
N2
N2
N2
A
I
I
A
N2
Consents
High energy scrubber also
used; Fabric Filter usually
preceded by Afterburner
High energy scrubber also
used
High energy scrubber also
used
Transfer of Technology from
Secondary Lead
Transfer of Technology from
Secondary Zinc Distillation
Furnaces
-------
CO
ro
TABLE 3-3
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Fabric Filtration
Source Category
I.'ocd processing
I 'ood waste
boilers
IP: 1 nor a tots
Co.rbubtion of
w=st.e crank-
! case oil
Sub Category
Plywood veneer
Industrial/
commercial
Pollutant
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Efficiency
9'J.O
99.0
99.0
99.0
Reference
47
236
75
277
New/
Retrofit
A
R2
Rl
Rl
Comments
Efficiency Assumed
-------
TABLE 3-4
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Scrubbing
Source Category
Hydrochloric
acid
Hydrochloric
acid
Phosphoric acid
Chlor-alkali
Ch] or-alkali
Explosives
Explosives
Explosives
Explosives
Ma]eic anhydride
Soap manufac-
turing
Synthetic resins
Styrene-buta-
dienne rubber
Sub Category
By-product
Salt
Thermal process
Diaphragm cell
Mercury cell
High
High
High
Low
Benzene oxida-
tion
Acrylic
Pollutant
Acid mist
Acid mist
Particulate
Chlorine
Chlorine
Particulate
S0x
NO
sox
X
Hydrocarbons ,
carbon monox-
ide
Particulate
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Efficiency
95.7
96.7
99.9
99.99
99.99
97.3
92.0
95.0
92.0
Hydrocarbons :
99.9
Carbon Mon-
oxide :
99.9
99.8
99.0
26.2
Reference
142
142
145
75,52
75,52
44
147
221
147
128
77
272
129,31
New/
Retrofit
K2
A
N2
R!
A
A
A
N2
A
R!
I
R2
N2
Comments
Transfer of Technology from
By-product Hydrochloric.
Acid production
Venturi scrubber and cyclone
Caustic or lime
Caustic or lime; Transfer of
Technology from Chlor-alkali
Diaphragm cell
High energy; Transfer of
Technology from Sewage
Sludge Incineration
Sodium bisulfite process;
Transfer of Technology from
Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing
Bubble cap
Sodium bisulfite process;
Transfer of Technology from
Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing
Product recovery scrubber
preceded by a combustion
device
Nonregenerative, closed
liquid systems, and con-
servation vent also used '
Efficiency based on Dryer,
Recovery and Fugitive Emis-
sions Controls
CO
CO
(continued)
-------
TABLE 3-4
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Scrubbing
Source Category
Adi pic acid
,,MT/T?A
Hydrofluoric
Phosphoric acid
Fertilizer
j
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Anj-nal feed de-
fluorination
Sub Category
Nitric acid oxi-
dation
Ammonium sul-
fate
Diaimnonium phos-
phate
Granulated tri-
ple super phos-
phate produc-
tion
Nitrate
ROP-triple super
phosphate
Super phosphoric
acid vacuum
evaporation
Super phosphoric
acid Submerged
Combustion
Pollutant
NO
NOX
X
Particulate,
fluoride
Fluoride
Particulate
Particulate,
NH3, fluoride
Fluoride
Farticulate,
NH3
Fluoride
Fluoride
Fluoride, Acid
Mist
Fluoride
Efficiency
9t).0
90.0
ParticMlate:
95.0
Fluoride:
99.6
99.6
Particulate:
95.0
Particulate:
98.0
NH3:
99.0
Fluoride:
79.4
80.0
Particulate:
98.0
NH3:
98.0
80.0
82.5
Fluoride:
99.94
Acid Mist:
99.4
90.8
Reference
100
100
75
159,234
49,40
75,77,159
33
40,122
33,159
77
40,159
50
New/
Retrofit
N2
A
A
*1
N2
*1
I
I
I
I
N!
R!
Consents
Caustic
Caustic; Transfer of Tech-
nology from Adipic Acid, Ni-
tric Acid Tail Gas Processes
i
i
,
'
Scrubber with filter system
Venturi and spray cross-
flow packed bed scrubber
Wet scrubber
•
Spray Cross-flow packed bed
Scrubber
Packed scrubber
(continued)
-------
TABLE 3-4
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Scrubbing
Source Category
Direct firing of
meats
Fish meal pro-
cessing
Snoked meat
Starch
Sugar cane pro-
cessing
Asphalt batching
Brick and related
clay products
Cas table refrac-
tories
Ceramic clay
Coal cleaning
Fiberglass
Fiberglass
Sub Category
Bagasse bum-
Wool proces-
sing
Textile pro-
cessing
Pollutant
Hydrocarbons
H2S
Particulate,
carbon monox-
ide, hydro-
carbons
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
SO , fluoride:
X
Particulate,
fluoride
Acid mist
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Efficiency
57.0
99.0
Particulate:
66.7
Carbon Monox-
ide:
100.0
Hydrocarbons :
57.1
99.75
90.0
99.9
SO :
V6t)?0
Fluorides :
70.0
Particulate:
96.3
Fluorides :
95.0
96.7
99.5
91.0
98.3
Reference
254
50,75
75
75
3
75
18
:15,75
142,217
75
228
228
New/
Retrofit
N2
R!
R!
R!
A
R!
I
R!
A
R!
NI
A
Comments
Oxidizer scrubber
Chlorinating scrubber
system
Wet scrubber in series with
low voltage precipltator
Centrifugal gas chamber
Cyclone wet scrubber pre-
ceded by a multicyclone
Orifice type
Medium energy
Venturi scrubber in
series with a cyclone
Transfer of Technology from
Hydrochloric Acid Produc-
tion
Followed by cyclone
Must also change process
conditions and use a baf-
fled penthouse
Must also change process
and use a baffled pent-
house; Transfer of Tech-
nology from Wool Proces-
sing
to
tn
(continued)
-------
00
CTV
TABLE 3-4
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Scrubbing
Source Category
Frit manufacturing
Glass manufacturing
Phosphate rock
Primary aluminum
Pri'-nary aluminum
Primary copper
I rerroalloy
. Iron ar.d steel
; Iron and steel
1
i
j
Primarv lead
i
i
Secondary aluminum
Secondary lead
Secondary lead
i
,
Can manufacturing
i (selderir.g opV.s)
i
Sub Category
Opal glass
Calcining
Electric arc
furnace
Open hearth
turnace
Reverb fur-
nace
Blast furnace
Reverb fur-
nace
Pollutant
Fluoride
Fluoride
Particulate
Particulate
Fluoride
SO
Particulate
Fluoride
Particulate,
trace metals
fluoride
S0x
Particulate,
acid mist
S0x
sox
X
Lead
i
Efficiency
94.0
80.0
99.0
98.0
95.7
99.5
99.0
93.6
Par ticu Late:
95.0
Trace Metals:
95.0
Fluorides :
95.0
98.5
Particulate:
9S.5
Acid K-Lst:
99.9
99.0
99.0
75.0
Reference
75
234
47
35
161
30
239
75
234
30
132
75
75
276
New/
Retrofit
*l
I
A
N2
NI
N2
R2
*1
I
N2
I
R!
A
I
Comments
High Ap venturi scrubber
Fluid bed dry scrubber;
coated filter dry scrubber
or injected alimina dry
scrubber
Dry-scrubber - baghouse
combination
Lime-slurry scrubber or
sulfuric acid recovery
Venturi scrubber
Venturi scrubber
Venturi scrubber or electro-
static precipitator with all
HF converted to solid
Scrubbing done along with
recirculating sinter ma-
chine
Wet (fluid bed) scrubber
NaOH Scrubber
NaOH Scrubber; Transfer of
Technology from Secondary
Lead Blast Furnaces
Low energy
(continued)
-------
TABLE P- 4
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Scrubbing
Source Category
Petroleian indus-
try process gas
combustion
Boilers
Boilers
Incinerators
Incinerators
Incinerators
Sub Category
>250xl06
BTU/HR
Mixed fuel
Municipal
Pathological
Sludge
Pollutant
SO
x
SO
Particulate
SO
Particulate
HC1, Particulate
Particulate,
trace metals
Particulate,
trace metals
Efficiency
99.0
SO :
x 94.0
Particulate:
98.4
SO :
x 80.0
Particulate:
99.0
HC1:
95.0
Particulate:
95.0
Particulate:
85.0
Trace Metals:
85.0
Particulate:
98.9
Trace Metals:
98.9
Reference
44
22,73
249
85
—
44,271
New/
Retrofit
N2
Nl
R!
N2
A
NI
Comments
Amine scrubbing
Alkaline scrubbing
Alkaline scrubbing
Could also use ESP or bag-
house
-------
to
00
TABLE 3-5
SUMMARY OF CONTPOL TECHNIQUES
Cyclonic Separation
Source Category
Cotton Ginning
Fertilizer
Coffee Roasting
Fishmeal Pro-
cessing
Vegetable Oil
Manufacturing
Phosphate Rock
Phosphate Rock
Sub Category
Normal Super-
Phosphate
Drying
Grinding
Pollutant
Particulate,
Arsenic
Fluoride
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Efficiency
Particulate: 96.0
Arsenic: 96.0
99.25
94.0
90.0
85.0
99.0
99.9
Reference
11
234
6
50
247
75
75
New/
Retrofit
N!
I
N2
I
A
R!
R!
Comments
Small Diameter
Two Stage Cyclonic
Scrubber
Preceded by Afterburner
Dry Cyclone Followed
by Wet Scrubber
-------
TABLE 3-6
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Electrostatic Precipitation
Source Category
Sulfuric Acid
Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic Resins
Direct Firing of
Meats
Primary Copper
Iron & Steel
Iron & Steel
Iron & Steel
Iron & Steel
FCCU
TCCU & HCCU
Boilers
Boilers
V.ood Pulping
Sub Category
Dacron
Nylon
Polyester
Blast Furnace
Basic Oxygen
Furnace
Sintering
Scarfing
Mixed Fuel
> 250 x 106 BTU/hr
Kraft Process
(Sulfate)
Pollutant
Acid Mist
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate,
Trace Metals
Particulate,
Trace Metals,
Fluoride
Particulate
Particulate
Particulate,
Trace Metals
Particulate,
Trace Metals
Particulate
Particuiate
Particulate
Efficiency
95.7
95.0
95.0
95.0
92.0
99.7
Particulate: 99.0
Trace Metals: 99.0
Particulate: 99.7
Trace Metals: 99.7
Fluorides: 99.7
99.6
99.0
Particulate: 96.0
Trace Metals: 96.0
Particulate: 96.0
Trace Metals: 93.0
99.0
93.4
97.2
Reference
75
75
75
75
255
75
75
83
75
47
44
44
249
22,73
187
New/
Retrofit
Rl
R!
R!
Rl
N2
Rl
Rl
Rl
Rl
A
R2
A
Rl
N!
i
Comments
Or Fiber Mist Eliminator
Venturi or ESP with Wet
Scrubber & Primary Cy-
clone or Settling Cham-
ber
Venturi Scrubber Can
Also be Used
Used with Cyclone; Cy-
clone and Wet Scrubber
May Also be Used
Used with Settling Cham-
ber; Settling Chamber
& High Energy Scrubber
May Also be Used
Transfer of Technology
from FCCU
Could Also Use Scrubbers
Used with Venturi Scrub-
ber
CO '
vo
-------
TABLE 3-7
SUMMARY OF COIJTBOL TECHNIQUES
Thermal Oxidation
Source Category
Acrylonitrile
Aimrcnia
MJTj^ionia
Carbon black
Ethylcne
D Lrh!oride
Formaldehyde
Pthalic Anhydride
Polyethylene
Polyethylene
Polystyrene
Polyvinyl
Ciiloride
Synthetic Resins
Synthetic Resins
Synthetic Resins
Synthetic Resins
Varnish
Fuel Conversion —
Coa] Gasification
Polypropylene
Sub Category
Regenerator &
CO Absorber
Plant
Methanator
Furnace Pro-
cess
Oxychlorina-
tion Process
0-Xylene
High Density
Low Density
Phenolic
Urea Melamine
ABS-SAN
Alkyd
High BTU
Pollutant
HC, CO
CO, NH3, HC
HC, NH3
CO, HC
CO, HC
CO, HC
CO, HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
Sulfides
HC
Efficiency
Hydrocarbons: 99.95
Carbon Monoxide: 99.95
Carbon Monoxide: 99.5
Hydrocarbon: 99.5
NH3: 99.0
NH3: 99.0
Carbon Monoxide: 99.9
Hydrocarbon: 99.9
Carbon Monoxide: 99.9
Hydrocarbon: 99.9
Carbon Monoxide: 99.9
Hydrocarbon: 99.9
Carbon Monoxide: 99.9
Hydrocarbon: 96.2
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.5
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
57.2
99.5
Reference
50
75
75
50
50
50
50
34
34
129
129
129
129
129
272
50
256
129
New/
Retrofit
I
Rl
Rl
I
I
I
I
I
I
A
A
A
A
A
I
I
I
"1
Comments
Preceded by Two-State
Water Scrubber
Thermal or Catalytic
Preceded by Wet Scrubber
Transfer of Technology from
Polypropylene Industry
Or Waste Gas Collection;
Transfer of Technology from
Polypropylene Industry
Transfer of Technology from
Polypropylene Industry
Transfer of Technology from
Polypropylene Industry
Transfer of Technology from
Polypropylene Industry
Vent Gas Combustion
(continued)
-------
TABLE 3-7
(continued)
SUMMARY 0? CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Thermal Oxidation
Source Category
Fuel Conversion
Coal Gasifica-
tion
Beer Processing
Deep Fat Frying
Ferroalloy
Iron & Steel
Secondary Mag-
nesium
Lead Acid
Sattery
Wjod Processing
PeLroleuai Re-
finery
Graphic Arts
Graphic Arts
Graphic Arts
Graphic Arts
Charcoal
Printing Ink
Asphalt Roofing
Asphalt Roofing
Mineral Wool
Sub Category
Low BTU
Basic Oxygen
Furnace
Plywood Veneer
Vacuum Dis-
tillation
Flexography
Lithography
Letter Press
Metal Decor-
ating
Blowing
Saturator
Pollutant
Sulfides
HC
Particulate,
HC
CO
CO
CO, HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
Particulate,
HC, CO
HC
Farticulate,
HC, CO
Particulate
HC
Efficiency
97.8
99.0
99.0
99.0
97.9
Carbon Monoxide: 99*9
Hydrocarbon: 99.9
99.0
99.0
99.9
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
Particulate: 99.0
Hydrocarbon: 99.0
Carbon Monoxide: 99.0
90.0
Particulate: 99.0
Hydrocarbon: 99.0
Carbon Monoxide: 99.0
99.0
57.0
Reference
256
12,75
24
239
75
75
39
170,245
75
50
50
50
50
75
75
21
21
New/
Retrofit
I
A
A
A
Rl
A
A
A
*1
I
I
I
I
»1
R!
I
I
A
Consents
Combustion in the Head,
Direct Flaring or Other Ig-
nition Means
Carbon Adsorption May Also
Be Used
Fume Burner
Preceded by Scrubber or
Condenser
Direct-Flame Type
(continued)
-------
TABLE 3-7
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTIOL TECHNIQUES
Thermal 0::i dation
Source Category
Cait Trcn Foundry
Jrc'us trial Surface
Coat -ing
Incinerators
Incinerators
Sub Category
Core Ovens
Autobody
Pathological
Pollutant
HC
HC
HC, CO
HC, CO
!i::f iciency
90.0
90.0
Hydrocarbons: 54.0
Carbon Mono::ide: 100.0
Hydrocarbons: 99.0
Carbon Monoxide: 99.0
Reference
46
50,75
38
38
New/
Retrofit
I
I
NI
A
Comments
Modification of Core Oil
Mixture May Also Be Used
Activated Carbon, Refor-
mulation & Electrocoating
Techniques May Also Be Used
Afterburner
Afterburner
-------
TABLE 3-8
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Catalytic Oxidation
1
Source Category
: Nitric Acid
: Erhy]ene Oxide
Explosives
i
'•.'cod Pulping
•
i
Sub Category
Low
Kraft Process
(Sulfate)
Pollutant
NO
X
HC
NO
Sulfide, SO
X
Efficiency
96.2
99.0
93.0
SO :
x 68.0
Sulfide:
93.1
Reference
75
50
147
187
75,187
New/
Retrofit
R
I
A
I
Nl
Comments
Catalytic Decomposition;
Transfer of Technology from
Nitric Acid Manufacturing
Full Control of Process In-
cludes:
1) High efficiency black
liquor oxidation
2) Non-condensible gas
burning
3) Stripping & burning
off gas from condensate
4) High efficiency electro-
static precipitators &
wet scrubber on recovery
furnace
5) Venturi scrubber on lime
kiln
6) Demister with smelt dis-
solve r tank
(*>
-------
TABLE 3-9
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Carbon Adsorption
Source Category
Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
i X «!:ey
lY.aruaceuticals
i
Dagrf-'asing
1
Dry Cleaning
Graphic Arts
i
Sub Category
Acetate
Nylon
Viscose Rayon
Gravure
Pollutant
HC
HC
Sulfides
HC
Hg
HC
HC
HC
Efficiency
95.0
95.0
88.0
98.0
80.0
90.0
96.5
99.9
Reference
75
75
75
112
216
46
98
50
New/
Retrofit
A
A
R!
A
A
I
I
I
Consents
Transfer of Technology from
Nylon Production
Iodine-Impregnated Carbon
Thermal Incineration May
Also be Used
-------
TABLE 3-10
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Mechanical Changes
1
Source Category
Chior-Alkali
?odiun Carbonate
Crude Oil & NG
Production
Grain Handling &
Processing
Vegetable Oil Pro-
duction
Concrete Batching
Beehive Coke Ovens
By-Product Coke. Oven
Sub Category
Mercury Cells
Solvay Process
Sulfur Recovery
Drying
Pollutant
Mercury
NH3
S02
Particulate
HC
Particulate
Particulate, NO ,
SO , HC, CO, *
Suf fides, Chlorine
Particulate,
NO , SO , HC, CO,
Sufeides
Efficiency
99.99
50.0
57.5
99.5
60.0
99.0
Particulate :
91.2
NO :
X 0.0
SO :
X 1.2
Hydrocarbon:
90.0
Carbon Monoxide:
0.0
Sul fides:
50.0
Reference
52
75,93
149
1
2
75
50,153
New/
Retrofit
A
A
I
N2
Nl
Rl
Rl
Rl
Rl
Rl
Rl
I
Comments
Improved Housekeeping &
Molecular Sieve; Transfer
of Technology from Chlor-
Alkali production with
Diaphragm cells
Improved Design & Operating
Procedures
Improved Design & Operating
Procedures
Sliding Bar Cleaning System
with Settling Screen
Improved Design & Operating
Conditions
Improved Housekeeping En-
closure of Dumping & Loading
Area Control Storage Bins
with Water Spray
Replace Ovens with Well-de-
signed Slot-Type Ovens vith
By-Product Gas Recovery
System; Efficiency not deter
mined
Good Operating & Maintenance
Techniques
-pk
in
(continued)
-------
TABLE 3-10
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Mechanical G.ianges
Source Category
Primary Zinc
i.'ood Pulping
Petroleum Refinery
Incinerators
,
:
Sub Category
Kraft Process
(Sulfate)
Miscellaneous
Point Sources
Conical
Pollutant
SO
X
CO
HC
Particulate
Efficiency
98. 5
92.9
50.0
Reference
30
102
75
New/
Retrofit
A
*1
A
Comments
Use of Electolytic Zinc
Extraction Production Pro-
cess
Good Operating & Maintenance
Techniques on Recovery Fur-
nace & LL*ne Kiln
Good Housekeeping & Vapor
Recovery
Modified Burner Configura-
tion; Efficiency not deter-
mined
-------
TABLE 3-11
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Process Change
Source Category
Sulfuric Acid
Asphalt Batching
Autonobile Assembly
Plants
Wood Pulping
Wood Pulping
Refinery Fuel Gas
Co?sl Cleaning
Boilers
Boilers
Sub Category
Sulfite
NSSC
Sulfur Re-
covery
(0.3 - 10) x
106 BTH/hr
(10 - 250) x
105 BTU/HR
Pollutant
SO
X
so
HC
Particulate,
SO
x
S0x
SO
SO
X
SO , Particu-
late, NO ,
Fluorides,
Trace Metals
SO , Particu-
late, N0x,
Fluorides ,
Trace Metals
Efficiency
99.7
49.8
98.0
Particulate:
87.5
SO :
x 84.1
8fi.O
99.5
75.0
Particulate:
80.8
NO : 9.8
SOX:73.2
Fluorides :
73.2
Trace Metals:
80.8
Particulate:
9J.7
NO :66.9
SOX:85.9
x
Reference
75
75,101
50
196
196
150
1^1
22,73
22,73
New/
Retrofit
*1
A
1
N1
I
A
HI
A
Rl
RI
Cements
Dual Stage Absorption Pro-
cess Change
Fuel Switching to Lower %
S Fuel
Any combination of Electro-
static Spraying Powder
Electrostatic Electrocoating
Flowcoating
Magnefite Chemical Recovery
Process
Magnefite Chemical Recovery
Process; Emissions & Con-
trols assumed to be the
same as Wood Pulping-Sulfite
Process
Claus Plant Sulfur Recovery
plus Tail-Gas Process
Reduce Sulfur Content of
Coal
Reduce Sulfur Content of
Fuel Combined with Fuel Ad-
ditive and Combustion Modi-
fications
Reduce Sulfur content of
fuel combined with fuel ad-
ditive and combustion Modi-
fications
(contins ed)
-------
oo
TABLE 3-11
(continued)
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Process Change
Sourca Category
Sub Category
Pollutant
Efficiency
Reference
New/
Retrofit
Consents
Internal Com-
bustion
Gas Turbine
Engines
Dual Fuel
Electric
Utility; Gas
Pipeline
SO , Particu-
lace, Hydro-
carbons
SO
Fluorides:
85.9
Trace Petals:
93.5
Partit-ulate:
14.8
SO :14.8
Hydrocarbons:
3.2
17.0
32,75
Reduce Sulfur Content of
Fuel (Natural Gas); Assumed
control strategy of fuel
switching
Reduce Sulfur Content of
Fuel
-------
TABLE 3-12
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Combustion Modification
Source Category
Petroleum Re-
finary
Ga<: Turbine
Engines
Internal Com-
busclon Engines
Internal Com-
bustion Engines
Boilers
I
Incinerators
Sub Category
Process Gas
Combustion
Gas Pipeline;
Electric Util-
ity
Spark Ignition
Diesel and
Dual Fuel
Mixed Fuel
Pathological
Pollutant
NO
X
N0x, CO
NO
X
NO
X
NO
X
N0x
Efficiency
50.0
NO :85.l)
CO? 67.0
43.0
31.1
60.0
50.0
Reference
242
32,75
50
50
249
New/
Retrofit
I
NI
I
I
I
A
Comments
Optimize Design of Boiler
Water Injection
Combustion Modifications
Plus Water Injection
Combustion Modifications
Plus Water Injection
Efficiency Assumed
VO
-------
in
o
TABLE 3- 13
SUMMARY OF CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Miscellaneous Controls
Source Category
Iron & Steel
Pet roleun
Petroleum
i
Petroleum
Fst roleum
Port-lend
L'onent
Textile Manu-
facturing
Open Burning
Sub Category
Electric Arc
Furnace
Tank Storage
Transfer
Refueling
Service Sta-
tion
Agricultural
Pollutant
Particulate,
Trace Metals,
CO
HC
HC
HC
HC
SO , NO
V V
A A
HC
Particulate,
110 , HC, CO
X
Efficiency
Particulate:
98.3
Carbon Monoxide:
7'i.O
Trace Metals:
98.3
43". 0-90.0
43.0-90.0
85.0
91.1
SO :59.3
NOX:35.0
X
85.4
100.0
Reference
250
37
37
34
75
75,201
75
229
—
New/
Retrofit
NJ
NJ
NI
NI
NI
*i
A
NI
I
A
Comments
Direct Shell Evacuation and
Building Evacuation or
Canopy Hoods , Closed Roof
Floating Roof; Efficiency is
dependent on the vapor pres-
sure of the fluid
Floating Roof; Efficiency is
dependent on the vapor pres-
sure of the fluid
Gasoline Adsorption
Vapor Return System
Lower Heat Requirements of
Process to Reduce Quantity
of Fuel Used
Demist ers on Finishing Opera
tions
Assumed control strategy of
prohibition
-------
TABLE 3-
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Source Category
Average
Retirement Age
(Yrs)
I. STATIONARY COMBUSTION SOURCES
BOILERS, FOSSIL FUEL
«0.3 x 106 BTU/hr
0.3-10 x 106 BTU/hr
10-250 x 106 BTU/hr
>250 x 106 BTU/hr
Mixed Fuel
Coal & Refuse
Oil & Refuse
Wood Waste
ENGINES, STATIONARY
Gas Turbines
Electric Utility
Pipe Line
Internal Combustion
Spark Ignition (Heavy Duty Gas Fired)
Diesel and Dual Fuel
INCINERATORS
Auto Body
Conical
Industrial/Commercial
Municipal
Pathological
Sludge
MISCELLANEOUS COMBUSTION
Open Burning
Commercial/Industrial
Agricultural
Orchard Heaters
Combustion of Waste Crankcase Oil
II. CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY
50
27
20
20
Indeterminate
Indeterminate
20
50
50
50
50
26
Decreasing Capacity
26
26
26
30
Indeterminate
30
Indeterminate
ACIDS
Adipic
DMT/TPA (Nitric Acid Oxidation)
67
22
(continued)
51
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Source Category
Average
Retirement Age
(Yrs)
Hydrochloric
By-product
Salt
Hydrofluoric
Nitric
Phosphoric
Wet Process
Thermal Process
Sulfuric
ACRYLONITRILE
AMMONIA
Methanator Plant
Regenerator & CO-Absorber Plant
CARBON BLACK
Channel Process
Furnace Process
CHARCOAL
CHLOR-ALKALI
Diaphragm Cells
Mercury Cells
CRUDE OIL & NG PRODUCTION - SULFUR RECOVERY
DETERGENT
ESSENTIAL OILS
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (OXYCHLORINATION PROCESS)
ETHYLINE OXIDE
EXPLOSIVES
High
Low
FORMALDEHYDE
22
22
22
20
22
22
22
22
22
22
Decreasing Capacity
22
22
22
22
29
Indeterminate
Not Evaluated
22
22
22
22
22
(continued)
52
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Average
Retirement Age
Source Category (Yrs)
FUEL CONVERSTION - COAL GASIFICATION
High BTU Gas Indeterminate
Low BTU Gas Indeterminate
LEAD PIGMENT Decreasing Capacity
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (BENZENE OXIDATION) 22
PAINT 15
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Naphthalene Decreasing Capacity
0-xylene 50
PRINTING INK 22
SOAP 22
SODIUM CARBONATE
Solvay Process Decreasing Capacity
Natural 22
SYNTHETICS
Fibers
Acetate 22
Dacron 22
Nylon 22
Viscose Rayon 22
Polyethylene
High Density Indeterminate
Low Density Indeterminate
Polypropylene Indeterminate
Polystyrene Indeterminate
Polyvinyl Chloride Indeterminate
Resins
ABS-SAN Indeterminate
Acrylic 22
Alkyd 22
Phenolic Indeterminate
Polyester 22
(continued)
53
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Average
Retirement Age
Source Category (Yrs)
Urea Melamine Indeterminate
SBR Rubber Indeterminate
VARNISH 15
III. FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
AGRICULTURAL
Cotton Ginning 24
Fertilizer
Ammonium Sulfate 22
Diammonium Phosphate 22
Granulated Triple Superphosphate
Production 22
Storage 22
Nitrate 22
Normal Superphosphate Decreasing Capacity
ROP Triple Superphosphate Decreasing Capacity
Superphosphoric Acid
Submerged Combustion Decreasing Capacity
Vacuum Evaporation 22
Pesticides 22
FOOD
Animal Feed Defluorination 25
Animal Husbandry Not Evaluated
Beer Processing 25
Canneries Not Evaluated
Castor Bean Processing Decreasing Capacity
Coffee Roasting 25
Deep Fat Frying 36
Direct Firing of Meats 20
Feed Milling & Storage
Alfalfa Dehydrating 35
Other 35
Fish Processing (Fish Meal Cookers & Driers) Indeterminate
Grain Handling & Processing
Transfer 27
Screening, Cleaning 27
(continued)
54 .,«..
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Average
Retirement Age
Source Category (Yrs)
Drying 27
Processing 27
Meat Packing Not Evaluated
Meat Smoke Houses 25
Poultry Processing Not Evaluated
Rendering Not Evaluated
Starch Manufacturing 22
Stockyards & Slaughterhouses Not Evaluated
Sugar Cane Processing
Bagasse Burning 20
Field Burning Indeterminate
Vegetable Oil Manufacturing 36
Whiskey Processing 31
OTHER
Pharmaceuticals 22
Tanneries Not Evaluated
IV. MINERAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
ASPHALT
Batching Indeterminate
Roofing
Saturator 24
Blowing 24
CONCRETE
Batching 30
Cement Plants (Kilns, Clinker Coolers) 40
MINING
Sand and Gravel 20
Stone Quarrying & Processing 20
Lead Ore 20
PROCESSING
Brick and Related Clay Products 30
Calcium Carbide Decreasing Capacity
(continued)
55
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Average
Retirement Age
Source Category (Yrs)
Castable Refractory 30
Ceramic Clay 30
Clay and Flyash Sintering
Clay 30
Flyash 30
Coal Cleaning (Thermal Drying) 20
Fiberglas
Wool Processing 16
Textile Processing 16
Frit 30
Glass
Soda Lime Glass 30
Opal Glass 30
Gypsum Indeterminate
Lime 20
Mineral Wool 35
Perlite 35
Phosphate Rock
Calcining 20
Drying 20
Grinding 20
V. METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY
PRIMARY METALS
Aluminum smelters 29
Coke Ovens
Bee-Hive Oven Decreasing Capacity
By-Product Oven 36
Copper Smelters 38
Ferroalloy 36
Iron & Steel Plants
Blast Furnace 36
BOF 36
Electric Arc Furnace 36
Open Hearth Furnace- Decreasing Capacity
Sintering 36
Scarfing 36
Lead Smelters 28
Zinc Smelters 28
(continued)
56
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Average
Retirement Age
Source Category (Yrs)
SECONDARY METALS
Aluminum Production
Sweat Furnace 28
Reverb Furnace 28
Brass & Bronze Smelting 28
Cast Iron Foundry
Core Ovens 36
Cupola Furnace Decreasing Capacity
Electric Furnace 36
Copper
Material Handling 29
Smelting & Refining 29
Lead Smelter
Blast Furnace 42
Pot Furnace 42
Reverb Furnace 42
Magnesium Smelting 29
Steel Foundries 36
Zinc
Distillation 29
Sweating 29
VI. EVAPORATION LOSS SOURCES
DECREASING 24
DRY CLEANING 20
GRAPHIC ARTS
Gravure 22
Flexography 22
Lithography 22
Letterpress 22
Metal Decorating 22
PETROLEUM STORAGE & TRANSFER
Nonpipelinc Transfer (Tank Cars, Trucks & Marine) 24
Refueling Motor Vehicles 32
(continued)
57
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Source Category
Average
Retirement Age
(Yrs)
Service Stations
Tank Storage
INDUSTRIAL SURFACE COATING
TEXTILE PROCESSING
Heat Settling/Finishing
Texturinzing
Carpet Manufacturing
VII. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
FCCU
GASOLINE ADDITIVES
Sodium Lead Alloy
Electrolytic
TCCU AND HCCU
PROCESS GAS COMBUSTION
VACUUM DISTILLATION
MISCELLANEOUS POINT SOURCES
REFINERY FUEL GAS - SULFUR DISCOVERY
VIII. WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
WOOD PROCESSING
Pulpboard
Plywood
WOOD PULPING
Kraft Process (Sulfate)
Sulfite
NSSC
32
32
24
24
24
24
32
Decreasing Capacity
Decreasing Capacity
Decreasing Capacity
32
33
33
33
32
20
32
32
32
(continued)
58
-------
TABLE 3-14
(continued)
SUMMARY OF RETIREMENT AGES
Source Category
Average
Retirement Age
(Yrs)
IX. ASSEMBLY PLANTS
AUTOMOBILE
CABLE COVER PRODUCTION
CAN MANUFACTURING
LEAD ACID BATTERY
TYPE METAL PRODUCTION
X. WASTE DISPOSAL (NON-COMBUSTION)
INDUSTRIAL WASTE HANDLING (LIQUIDS)
SEWAGE TREATMENT
25
Decreasing Capacity
Decreasing Capacity
25
Decreasing Capacity
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
59
-------
TABLE 3-15
EMISSION TRENDS
PARTICIPATES
SOURCE CATEG0RY
PH8SPHATE ROCK - GRINDING
GLASS - 6PAL
CLAY SINTERING
GLASS - SODALIME
COKE 6VENS - BY PRODUCT
GYPSUM
ASPHALT SATURAT9K
SEC MAGNESIUM
GRAIN HANDLING - PROCESSING
PAINT MANUFACTURING
VEGETABLE 8IL PRODUCTION
GRAIN HANDLING - SCREENING
DIRECT FIRING OF MEATS
fEMCM PLANTS
PHOSPHORIC ACID - THERMAL PROCESS
WOOD WASTE BOILERS
GKAIN HANDLING - DRYING
GRAIN HANDLING - TRANSFER
CAST IRON FOUNDRY - ELEC- FURN.
PULPBOARD
LEAD ACID BATTERY
SECONDARY LEAD - P9T FURNACE
FERROALLOY - SUBMERGED ARC FURNACE
STEEL FOUNDRIES
DEEP FAT FRYING
SMOKED MEAT
FEED MILLING - OTHER
IRON AND STEEL. - SCARFING
BLR 10-250 E6 3TU/HR
Ct'AL CLEANING - THERMAL DRYING
PCRLITF
SECONDARY COPPER - SMELTING
FFFT? MIlLINj - ALFALFA DFJHYDR.
LIMF PROCESSING
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT
AGE
YEARS ;
20
30
30
30
36
24
29
27
15
36
27
20
40
22
20
27
27
36
32
25
42
36
36
36
25
31
34
36
20
20
3'+
29
34
20
T
MIN
0 TONS/YR
0*045
0*008
0*014
0*507
20*531
2*296
0*331
0-007
4*405
0*003
3*726
8*810
3*392
63*038
0*102
16*791
1*761
29*36&
0*999
0*411
0*013
0*003
5*471
4*975
0*579
0*208
3*«62
1*722
2*409
C524*167
6*137
0*494
0*740
R
YEARS
5853
1905
1860
1799
738
559
415
363
260
251
220
194
198
167
182
179
144
12b
117
97
88
69
72
66
61
65
58
54
43
59
56
37
34
Y
YEAR
7848
3910
J865
3804
2749
2568
2414
2367
2262
2241
2231
2196
2193
21:52
2179
2174
2146
2128
2128
2104
v 2 OS'S
2086
20S3
2077
207.2
?065
2064
2063
2054
2054
2051
;>046
d038
2036
6*338
38
60
-------
TABLE 3-15
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
PARTICULATES
S8URCE CATEGORY
SECONDARY LEAD - REVERB
1R8N AND STEEL - SINTERING
IR8N & STEEL - EAF
SECONDARY COPPER - HANDLING
SEC ALUMINUM - REVERB FURNACE
MUNICIPAL INCINERATION
PLYWOOD - VENEER
PETROLEUM REFNRY FCCU
FRIT MANUFACTURING
SECONDARY LEAD - BLAST
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL INCINERATION
CHARCOAL
SUGAR CANE - BAGASSE BURNING
SECONDARY ZINC - SWEATING
BOILERS .3-10 MM BTU/HR
BRICK S RELATED CLAY PRODUCTS
PATHOLOGICAL INCINERATION
PHOSPHATE ROCK - DRYING/HANDLING
BLR >250 E6 BTU/H*
BEER PROCESSING
FERTILIZER - NITRATES
PRIMARY ZTNC SMELTLRS
PHOSPHATE ROCK - CALCINING
SYNTHETIC RESINS - POLYESTER
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT
AGE
YEARS :
42
36
36
29
28
26
20
32
30
42
26
22
20
29
27
30
26
20
20
25
22
28
20
22
T
MIN
00 TONS/YR
0*956
9-603
28*760
0-733
1-295
19-784
22-867
23-877
1-257
0-221
6-071
2-986
7-507
0-217
494-983
34-118
0-082
4-240
1185-061
4-273
4-553
2-361
0-900
3-839
R
YEARS
16
22
22
27
25
24
26
14
15
3
18
19
20
10
12
6
8
13
12
5
6
-3
b
-b
Y
YEAR
2033
2033
2033
2'J31
£028
2025
2021
2021
2020
2020
2019
2016
2015
£01«
2014
2011
'2009
2003
2007
2005
2003
2000
2000
19S2
61
-------
TABLE 3-15
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH HAVE AN INCREASING FMISSI9NS TREND
(T - T ) LESS THAN OR EOUAL T8 ZER8
A N
PRIMARY ALUMINUM SMELTERS
MIXED FUEL BOILERS - COAL K REFUSE
FERTILIZER - AMMONIUM SULFATE
MIXED FUEL B&ILERS - BIL S REFUSE
P8LYPR8PYLiLNE
S8DIUM CARBONATE - NATURAL
CERAMIC CLAY
SYNTHETIC FIBER - DACR8N
P8LYVINYL CHLORIDE
FERTILIZER - DAP
INTERNAL COMB ENGS DIESEL DUALFUEL
SYNTHETIC FIBER - NYLQN
MINERAL W88L
FIBERGLASS MFG.-TEXTILE PRODUCTS
AUT8B3DY INCINERATION
CARB8N BLACK - FURNACE PR8CESS
DETERGENT
EXPLOSIVES - HIGH
SECONDARY ZINC - DISTILLATION
STYRENE - BUTADIENE RUBBER
CASTABLE REFPACTBRY
FIBERGLASS MFG«-W3fiL PRODUCTS
HYDROFLUORIC ACID
SLUDGE INCINERATION
IRON AND STEEL - BLAST FURNACE
IR6N & STEEL - B8F
W80D PULPING KRAFT
W8BD PULPING SULFITE
62
-------
TABLE 3-15
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SBURCES WHICH HAVE AN INDCTERMINANT BBS9LESCFNCE RATE
(P LESS THAN 0»003 )
B
ASPHALT BATCHING
FISH MEAL PR8CESSING
63
-------
TABLE 3-15
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S6URCES WHICH ARE IN NB - GROWTH CATEG8RY
(P EQUAL TO ZER8 )
C
SAND AND GRAVEL PRRCESSING
MINING/MILLING LEAD 3RE
PRIMARY LEAD SMELTERS
ANIMAL FEED DEFLU8RINATION
C8FFEE ROASTING
SBAP
BRASS S BR8NZE SMELTING
64
-------
TABLE 3-15
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S9URCES WHICH ARE INDETERMINANT - N8 DEMONSTRATED CONTROL TECHN8L8GY
B6ILERS <»3 MM BTU/HR
GAS TURBINE ENGINES ELECTRIC UTILITIES
GAS TURBINE ENGINES GAS PIPELINE
ORCHARD HEATERS
65
-------
TABLE 3-16
EMISSION TRENDS
NITR8QEN 9XIDES
S6URCE CATEG8RY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT T R
AGE MIN
YEARS 1000 T8NS/YR YEARS
YEAR
BLR 10-250 E6 BTU/HR
ADIPIC ACID
DMT/TPA NITRIC ACID 8XIDATI0N
NITRIC ACID
MUNICIPAL INCINERATQRS
20
67
22
20
26
569*568
18*211
0-989
45*056
2l«982
59
•23
11
12
5
2054
2019
2008
2007
2006
EXPLOSIVES • LBW
FIBERGLASS MFG. W06L PRODUCTS
FIBERGLAS MANUF - TEXTILE
22
16
16
4*524
1«154
3*289
8 2005
4 1995
0 1991
66
-------
1ABL11, J-LC
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH HAVE AN INCREASING EMISSIONS TREND
(T - T ) LESS THAN 6R EQUAL T6 ZERO
A N
GAS TURdlNE ENGINE? ELECTRIC UTILITIES
BLR >250 E6 BTU/HF
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGS SPK IGN
GAS TURBINE ENGINES GAS PIPELINE
MIXED FUEL BOILERS - C8AL S REFUSE
INTERNAL COMBUSTI8N ENGS D/DF
BOILERS <»'3 MM BT6/HR
BOILERS -3-10 MM BTU/HR
PORTLAND CEMENT
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL INCINERATORS
PET REF - PReC GAS COM3
LIME PROCESSING
MIXED FUEL BOILERS - OIL & REFUSE
CERAMIC CLAY
AUT8B8DY INCINERATORS
67
-------
TABLE 3-16
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH ARE IN N8 - GR8WTH CATEGORY
(P EQUAL T0 ZER9 )
C
C8FFEE R8ASTING
68
-------
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH AHE. INDETERMINANT - N9 DEM8NSTRATED C8NTROL TECHN8L6QY
GLASS - S9DA LIME
STEEL FOUNDRIES
BRICK S RELATED CLAY PR8DUCTS
COKE BVENS - BY PRODUCT
FERTILIZER - NITRATES
PATH8LQGICAL INCINERATOR
GLASS - OPAL
SEC LEAD - REVERB FURN
MINERAL W88L
SEC ZINC - DISTILLATI8N
SEC LEAD - BLAST FURN
SEC ZINC - SWEAT
SEC MAGNESIUM
69
-------
TABLE 3-17
EMISSION TRENDS
SULFUR 6XIDE
SOURCE CATEGORY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT T
AGE MINI
YEARS 1000 T8NS/YR
WOOD PULPING NSSC
COPPER SMFLTERS
WOOD PULPING SULF1TE
SEC LEAD REVERTB FURN
SEC LEAD - BLAST FURN
FIBERGLASS MANUF - W09L
PRIMARY ZINC SMELTERS
WOOD PULPING KRAFT
FIBERGLASS MANUF - TEXTILE
BLR >250 E6 BTU/HR
BRICK & RELATED CLAY PRODUCTS
COAL CLEANING
BOILERS .3-10 MM 3TU/HR
CEMENT PLANTS
EXPLOSIVES - L9H
32
28
32
42
16
28
32
16
20
30
20
2?
40
22
60*002
58*342
34*451
1»929
0*091
0*029
46*648
39*044
0*046
2915*248
11.140
20*457
2134*613
1336*56*
8*083
R
YEARS
133
128
122
103
103
108
94
22
36
30
14
16
4
-9
6
Y
YEAR
2140
2131
2129
2120
2120
2099
2097
2029
2027
2025
2019
2011
2006
2006
2003
PET RFNRY PROC GAS COMB
32
10*437
-258 1749
70
-------
TABLE 3-17
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH HAVE AN INCREASING EMISSIONS TREND
(T - T ) LESS THAN 8K EQUAL T8 ZERO
A N
GAS TURBINE ENGINES ELECTRIC UTILITIES
MIXED FUEL BOILERS - CPAL & REFUSE
MIXED FUEL BOILERS - OIL & REFUSE
REFINERY FUEL GAS - SULFUR RF.C3VERY
OIL ANU NAT. GAS PROD-SULFUR RECOVERY
LIME PROCESSING
INTERNAL COMB ENGS DIESEL OUALFUEL
GAS TUKBINE ENGINES GAS PIPELINE
ASPHALT BATCHING
C6KE 8VENS - BY PRODUCT
71
-------
TABLE J-l/
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S6URCES WHICH ARE IN N8 - QR9WTH CATEGORY
(P FQUAL T8 ZERe )
C
PRIMARY LEAD SMELTERS
72
-------
TABLE 3-17
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH ARE I.NDETERMINANT - N6 DEMONSTRATED C8NTRBL TECHNOLOGY
PET REF - FCCU
PRIMARY ALUMINUM SMELTERS
B61LERS <»3 MM BTU/HR
IRON AND STEEL - SINTERING
GLASS - S8DA LIME
INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL INCINERATORS
MUNICIPAL INCINERATORS
ORCHARD HEATERS
GLASS - OPAL
HYDROFLUORIC ACID
MINERAL WOOL
73
-------
XABL.C. J-10
EMISSION TRENDS
HYDR8CARP8NS
S6URCE CATEG8RY
C8KE BVENS - BY PRODUCT
ASPHALT-BLOWING
SEC MAGNESIUM
SYNTHETIC RESINS ALKYD
WHISKEY
DRY CLEANING
PLYW08D-VENEER
SEC ZINC SWEAT
PATH8L8GICAL INCINERAT8R
PAINT
VARNISH
GRAPHIC ARTS-GPAVURE
CORE 8VENS
AUT8M&EILE ASSEMBLY
SYNTHETIC FIBERS ACETATE
DEEP FAT FRYING
GRAPHIC ARTS - LETTERPRESS
GRAPHIC ARTS FLF.X9GRAPHY
GRAPHIC ARTS - LITHBGRAPHY
GRAPHIC ARTS - METAL DEC8RATINQ
FIBERGLASS MANUF
MALF.IC ANHYDRIDE
ACRYL8NITRILE
BEER
PETR. - TRANSFER
- W80L
BENZLNE 8XID-
- SP. NAP.
DECREASING
ETHYLENE OXIDE - AIR 13XIDATI8N
AMMONIA - REGENFRAT3R i C8 A3SBRDLR
TLXTILE - TEXTURIZING
AMMONIA - METHANAT5R PLANT
TF.XTILE - CARPET MFC
P11TR. - RF.FUfL!NG
PE.TR - SERVICE STATIS'iS
PETR. - THANSTEP - C3A3
MINERAL WP3L
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT
AGE
YEARS ;
36
24
29
22
31
20
20
29
26
15
15
22
36
25
22
36
22
22
22
22
16
22
22
25
24
22
22
24
2?
24
32
32
24
34
T
MIN
0 T8NS/YR
2-865
0«057
0«000
0«004
0-097
15-173
0-132
0-001
0-002
0-928
0-551
0-315
25-379
4-139
0-128
0-380
1-931
2-864
2-064
1-991
0-075
0-132
0-454
1-725
0-493
P12-963
14-230
13-802
0- 148
13-802
0-109
?82-96b
l?6-?«9
17-39d
5-057
H
YEARS
7130
2460
406
288
276
168
167
152
151
162
137
120
98
94
88
63
72
72
70
69
69
56
48
43
44
41
42
39
37
33
32
2<»
24
29
19
Y
YEAR
9141-
4459
2410
2285
2282
2163
2162
2156
2152
2152
2127
2117
2109
2094
2085
2079
2069
2069
2067
2066
2060
20-J3
204b
2043
c.»J43
2J40
?039
2036
£036
i?J36
PJ31
2J31
Ju31
2028
2J?8
74
-------
TABLE 3-15
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
HYDROCARBONS
SOURCE CATEGORY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT
AGE
YEARS 1000
T R Y
MIN
TONS/YR YEARS YEAR
PETRLM STRG GASBLINE WRKNG
SMOKED MEAT
FORMALDEHYDE
PETRLM STRG GASOLINE BRTHNG
VEGETABLE OIL PRODUCTION
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE - 0-XYLENE
32
25
22
32
36
50
45*235
0-333
3*063
207*956
89*899
36*586
20
25
27
16
10
•11
2027
H025
2024
2023
2021
20 If
PRINTING INK
INDUSTRIAL SURFACE COATING
SYNTHETIC FIBERS NYLON
SYNTHETIC RESINS ACRYLIC
22
2*
22
22
6*220
1412*809
2*973
14*220
6
4
3
-2
2003
2003
2000
1995
75
-------
TABLE J-lb
(continued)
EMISSION TREND
SOURCES WHICH HAVE AN INCREASING EMISSIONS TREND
(T - T ) LESS THAN OR EflUAL T8 ZERO
A N
PET REF - MISC PT SOURCE
PETR9. - TANKS - Dft - BREATH
POLYETHYLENE - LflW DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE - HIGH DENSITY
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
PETR. - TRANSFER - CRUDE
PETR. - TRANSFER - JETFUEL
WOOD PULPING KRAFT PROCESS
INTERNAL COMB ENGS DIESEL DUALFUEL
PETR. - TRANSFER - AVGAG
TEXTILE - HEAT SETTING
STYRENE - BUTADIENE RUBBER
AUTOBODY INCINERAT5RS
PETRLM STRG AV GS &RTHNG
PETRLM STRG CRD OIL WRKNG
PETRLM STRG CRD BIL BRTHNG
PETRLM STRG JET FUEL WRKING
PETRLM STRG JET FUEL BRTHNG
PETRLM STRG SPC NAP BRTHNG
PETRLM STRG AV GS WRKNG
76
-------
TABLE 3-18
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH HAVE AN INDETEIRMINANT 60SOLESCENCE RATE
(P LESS THAN 0.008 )
B
ASPHALT BATCHING
PBLYSTYRENt
SYNTHETIC RESINS PHEN6LIC
SYNTHETIC RESINS UREA-MELANlNE
POLYPROPYLENE
SYNTHETIC RESINS A3S-SAN
77
-------
TABLE 3-18
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S9URCES WHICH ARE IN NB - GROWTH CATEG6RY
(P EQUAL TO ZER8 )
C
PETR. - TANKS - KER • BREATH
COFFEE ROASTING
78
-------
TABLE 3-18
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH ARE INDETERMINANT - N8 DEM8NSTRATED C8NTR8L TECHN3LQGY
INTERNAL C8MBUSTI8N ENGS SPKlGN
B8ILERS >250 MM PTU/HR
ORCHARD HEATERS
38ILERS .3-10 M<1 BTU/HR
B8ILERS 10-250 MM rHU/HR
INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL INCINERAT8RS
B8ILERS <»3 MM BTU/HR
MUNICIPAL INCINERAT8R
BRICK S RELATED CLAY PR8DUCTS
79
-------
TABLE 3-18
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH ARE INDETERMINANT - ZER9 EMISSIONS FROM NSPS C0NTR0LLE;
-------
TABLE 3-19
EMISSION TRENDS
CARBON M6N9XIDE
S8URCE CATEG8RY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT i
AGE
YEARS 1000
MIN
TONS/YR
R
YEARS
Y
YEAR
ASPHALT BL8WING
IR6N AND STEEL - 38F
FERRS ALLQY-SUBMERGED ARC FURNACE
CARP.8N BLACK - FURNACF PRBCFSS
W88D PULPING KRAFT PRBCESS
36
36
22
32
0*034
327*401
1*680
5*926
121*655
2460
333
271
258
189
4459
2344
2282
2255
2196
PETRLM REFNRY FCCU
CHARCOAL
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE 8-XYLENE
SEC LEAD - QLAST FURN
ACRYLONITRILE
32
22
50
42
22
162*366
2*730
1*463
2*437
0*495
97
87
45
46
62
2104
2084
2070
2063
2059
ETHYLENE DICHL8RIDE
AMMONIA - REGENF.RAT6R 5 C8 ABS8RBER
F8RMALDEHYDE
]R8N AND STEEL - FAF
22
22
22
36
0*109
30*672
15*067
269*624
58
39
29
1
2055
2036
2026
2012
81
-------
TABLE 3-19
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH HAVE. AN INCf?EASING EMISSIBNS TREND
(T - T ) LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO ZER8
A N
GAS TURBINE ENGINES ELECTRIC UTILITIES
GAS TUKBINE LNGINES GAS PIPELINE
FIBERGLASS MANUF - TEXTILE
FIBERGLASS MANUF - W90L
82
-------
TABLE 3-19
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH ARE INDETERMINANT - N6 DEM8NSTRATED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
IRON AND STEEL - SINTERING
INTERNAL C6MRUSTI8N ENGS SPK IGN
MUNICIPAL INCINERATES
B8ILERS >350 MM RTU/HR
B8ILER 10-250 MM BTU/HR
MINERAL WB8L
B8ILERS .3-10 MM BTU/HR
INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL INCINERATBRS
B8ILERS <-3 MM BTU/HR
COKE 8VENS - BY PRODUCT
BRICK & RELATED CLAY PR8DUCTS
AUT9B8DY INCINERATORS
CHL8R - ALKALI - DIAPHRAGM CELL
SMBKED MEAT
CHL8R-ALKALI - MERCURY CELL
ORCHARD HEATERS
83
-------
TABLE 3-19
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH ARE INDETERMINANT - ZERO EMISSIONS FROM NSPS CONTROLLED
(E EQUAL TO ZERO
N
INTERNAL COMB ENGS DIESEL DUALFUEL
IRON AND STEEL - BLAST FURNACE
SEC ZINC - SkEAT
SEC MAGNESIUM
84
-------
TABLE 3-20
EMISSION TRENDS
FLU0RIDES
S6URCE CATEG8RY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT i
AGE
YEARS 1000
MIN
TtfNS/YR
R
YEARS
Y
YEAR
HYDROFLUBRIC ACID
FRIT NFG
DLR 10 - 250 'E6 BTU/HR
GLASS 8PAL
CASTABLE REFRACTRS
22
30
20
30
30
0-133
0«?36
1-874
1*483
0-036
239b
186
121
61
41'
•+395
2191
2116
2J66
2046
FIBERGLAS TEXT. PROC.
BLR >2bO E6 BTU/HR
3LR 0.3-1C F.6 RTU/HR
CERAMIC CLAY
IRBN & STEEL - ELEC ARC
16
20
23
30
36
0«0?2
5*688
1»3?3
3«770
36
32
27
11
2027
2027
2025
2016
2015
PRIM ALUM SMLTRS
SPRFHSPHRC ACD VAC E
DIAMM6N PHQS FERTLZR
G«AN TPL SFRPH'JS PKD
GRAN TPL SPRPHbS SVG
29
22
22
22
22
44.955
0»007
0-183
0»133
0»013
2
0
-1
-1
-2
2006
1997
1926
1936
1995
85
-------
TABLE 3-20
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH HAVE AN INCREASING EMISSIONS TREND
(T - T ) LESS THAN 8R EQUAL T8 ZEK0
A N
ACID WET
IRON 5 STEEL -
86
-------
TABLE 3-20
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH HAVE AN INDFTTRi-II NANT 0BSHLE3CE.NCE RA1E
(P LESS THAN 0.003 )
B
SF'RPHSKC ACD SU3 CMB
87
-------
TABLE 3-20
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S6URCES WHICH ARE IN N0 - GROWTH CATEGQRY
(P EQUAL TQ ZERf) )
C
ANIMAL FEED DEFLU8RO
88
-------
TABLE 3-21
EMISSION TRENDS
HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS
SOURCE: CATEGORY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT i
AGE
YEARS 1000
MIN
T8NS/YR
R
YEARS
YEAR
COTTON GINNING
PESTICIDES
PHARM^CLUTICALS
24
22
22
0»001
0*213
0-031
187
43
2186
1395
89
-------
TABLE 3-21
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SeURCF.S WHICH HAVE AN INCREASING EMISSIONS TREND
(T - T ) LESS THAN 0P EQUAL TQ ZERO
A N
CHLR-AKLI MERC CELL
90
-------
TABLE 3-22
EMISSION TRENDS
ACID MIST
SOURCE CATEGORY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT T
AGE MIN
YEARS 1000 T0NS/YR
YEARS
YEAR
CERAMIC CLAY
LTAO ACID BATTERY
SEC ALUM REVRH FURN
SULFUR 1C ACID
HYDRBCHLRC ACID BYPD
30
25
28
22
22
7«967
0»000
0-312
29b 2300
16* 216*
12* 2127
•33 2030
30 2027
91
-------
TABLE 3-22
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH HAVE AN INQETFRMlNANT 8BSULESCENCE RATE
(P LESS THAN 0»008 )
B
SPRPHSPHRC ACD SP CM
92
-------
TABLE 3-23
EMISSION TRENDS
LEAD
S0URCE CATEG8RY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT i
AGE
YEARS 1000
MIN
T8NS/YR
YEARS
YEAK
SEC LEAD P6T FURN
FFRROALLBY
SEC LF.A[) - REVERB FURNACE
SEC LEAD - BLAST FURNACE
42
36
42
42
0*002
0-005
0-601
0-125
69 £036
72 2083
16 2033
•3 2U20
93
-------
TABLE J-/!3
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S6URCES WHICH HAVE AN INDFTERMINANT OBSOLESCENCE RATE
(P LESS THAN 0.008 )
B
COMB WST CRNKCSE BIL
94
-------
TABLE 3-23
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH ARE IN N9 - GP^hTH CATEG6RY
(P FQJAL TO ZER6 )
C
PRIMARY LEAD
BRASS 6, BRONZE SMELTING
MINING & MILLIN3 LEAD
95
-------
TABLE 3-23
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH AKE INDETERMINANT - NO DEM8NSTRATED CONTR8L TECHNOLOGY
LEAD ACID BATTERY
96
-------
TABLE 3-24
EMISSION TRENDS
AMMONIA
S8URCE CATEGORY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT T
AGE MIN
YEARS 1000 T6NS/YR
YEARS
YEAR
BY-PRODUCT C9KE OVEN
DIAMMGNIUM PH&S FEKT
PET REFNRY FCCU
NITRATE FERTILIZER
AMMONIA REGHTR * CQ AS
36
22
32
22
22
0»096
0»735
9459 11470
828 2625
62 2069
36 2033
32
2029
97
-------
1J1DL.C. _>-*.•+
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH HAVE AN irOfTEIRMl NANT OBSOLESCENCE RATE
(P LESS THAN 0*003 )
B
S8D CAK3NTE SfU-VAY
BEEHIVL C8KF BVEN
PET REFNKY TCCU/HCCU
98
-------
TABLE 3-25
EMISSION TRENDS
SULFIDFS
SOURCE CATEGORY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT T R
AGE MIN
YEARS 1000 TONS/YR YtlARS
YEAR
SYN FIBERS VIGC RAY
CARR6N RLACK FURNACE
WOOD PULPING KRAFT
BY-PRODUCT C6KE OVEN
22
22
32
36
31-387
354 2351
-------
TABLE 3-25
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
S8URCES WHICH HAVE AN IN^ETTRMINANT OBSOLESCENCE RATE
(P LESS THAN 0-008 )
B
BEEHIVE C6KE 8VEN
FISH PRCSSNG
100
-------
TABLE 3-25
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH ARE INDETEftMINANT - ZER3 EMISSI0NS FROM NbPS Cd.xlTROLLED
(E EQUAL T9 ZERO
N
REF FUEL GAS S RECOV
CRD 6IL & NAT GAS S RECOV
101
-------
TABLK 3-26
EMISSION TRENDS
CHLORINE
SOURCE CATEGQRY
AVERAGE
RETIREMEMT T
AGE MIN
YEARS 1000 TONS/YR
YEARS
Y
YEAR
MUNCPAL INCINERAT19N
SEC ALUM RCVERB FURN
CHLR-AKLI MERC CELL
CHLR-AKLI DIAP CELL
26
28
22
22
2»798
0»158
0»071
173
124
127
120
2127
2124
2117
102
-------
TABLE 3-27
EMISSION TRENDS
TRACE METALS
S8URCE CATEG8RY
AVERAGE
RETIREMENT T R
AGE MIN
YEARS 1000 TONS/YR YEARS
YLAK
FRIT MANUFACTURING
BLR 10-250 E6 BTU/hR
BLR »3-lO F.6 BTU/HR
PATH8LOGICAL INCINERAT9RS
IR8N & STEEL - ELEC ARC
30
20
27
26
36
0-058
0-743
4-434
0*006
188
58
12
'8
-3
2193
2053
P014
2009
2U08
PET RLFINRY FCCU
32
3»123
-18 1989
103
-------
SOURCES WHICH
(T - T
A N
TABLE 3-27
(continued)
HAVE AN
) LESS THAN
EMISSIOiN TRENDS
INCPEASING EMISSIONS TREND
EQUAL TQ ZER3
IRON S STEEL -
IR8N J. STECL 13LST FURN
SLR >2I30 E6 HTU/NR
104
-------
TABLE 3-27
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH HAVE. AN INDETENMINANT OBSOLESCENCE RATE
(P LESS THAN 0.008 )
B
PET REFNRY TCCU/HCCU
105
-------
TABLE 3-27
(continued)
EMISSION TRENDS
SOURCES WHICH ARE IN N8 - GPPWTH CATEGORY
(P EQUAL T6 ZERO )
C
BRASS & BR8NZE SMELTING
106
-------
TABLE 3-27
(continued)
EMISSION TRF.NUS
S6URCES WHICH ARE INDETERMINANT - N3 DEMSNSTRATED CQNTROL TECHN3LBGY
3LR «3 E6 BTU/HR
107
-------
REFERENCES
1. Priorities for the Development of Standards of Performance, Draft,
G. W. Walsh, Emission Standards and Engineering Division. EPA, Dur-
ham, N. C., November 13, 1972.
2. The Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq., as amended by the Air
Quality Act of 1967, PL 90-148, by the Clean Air Amnndments of
1970, PL 91-604, by Technical Amendments to the Clean Air Act, PL
92-157, by PL 93-15, HR 5445, April 9, 1973; by PL 93-319, June
24, 1974).
3. Federal Register, Volume 39, Number 195, October 7, 1974; 40 CFR
Part 60, FRL 237-1.
108
-------
APPENDIX A
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR MODEL IV
109
-------
c.«
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
SWITCHING CODES
ISW--POSITIVF GOVES ASCENDING ORDER
--ZERO GIVES Nt REORDERING
--NEGATIVE GIVES DESCENDING ORDER
leu
0-
!•
2«
3»
4«
5»
6»
7-
8»
9«
10-
11-
12*
13.
14 •
15*
16«
17.
!?•
19.
20.
21.
••ORDERS
»A
• •B
• •C
• •EN
• •ES
»ESN
..EU
..EG
••ElllD
..PB
..PC-C
..PC-S
..PKE
..TU
• •TA
.•TE
..TUE
..TS
..TN
..TD
..TND
EACH POLLUTANT GRSUP SUCCESSIVELY IOU=1 T8 I8U-21
IF NO RANKING
AND ISM c 0
SET IOU • 1
INTEGER L,S
REAL LIMIT
DIMENSION PS(110)
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
D PENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
DIMENSION
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
IS REQUIRED
FA(24)/Fd(27),FC(3^)/FX(10)/FA2(26)/Fc2(36)
VAFJA( 110/3)/VAR3( 110/7),LIMIT(5)
A(11C)/U(110)/C(110)/£N'(110)/ES(110)/ESN(11G)/EU(110)
EQ(110)/E111D(110),PB(110)/PC<110)/PK(110)/P
EQUIVALENCE (ALSET(I/1)*A)
EQUIvALE\Cr (ALSET(l/'f )/E.N), < ALSFT (1, 5 ) / ES > • I ALSET ( 1* 6 )/KSN)/
X (ALSEril/7),EU)/ (ALSKT(l,H),F.'3)/(ALf;ET(l,0)/riliD),
X ( ALSFT ( 1, 10 ) / P'l) / ( ALbET ( l, 11 J , PC ) / (ALSET (1 / 12 ) » PS ) ,
X (ALSET (1,13)/PKE)* ( ALSET (!, 11) /TU)/ (Al_SEr(l/2l )*TND)
1
2
3
<«
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
13
20
21
22
23
?•*
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
3S
39
DATA FIXI/FIX2,FIX3,FIX'»/'08.0I
DATA IC/IS/1HC/1HS/
F','lX/Fi/
45
'46
47
48
4'J
50
51
52
53
54
5'j
56
57
5S
no
-------
DATA LIMIT/ICO. / 1 •/ • I/ «01 / «001/ 59
DATA L/S/lhL,lHS/ 60
DATA IALFA/2H /2HIB/ 2H/G/2HAL* ?H / ?HLn*?H/E/2H6 /2HCF/2HT / 61
1 2H /2HLd/2h/T/2H»N/2H / PHI.E/ ?H/E/?H6 /?HdT»2HU / 62
2 2H L/2Hn//2HBA/2HLF.,2H /?HLB»2H/B,2«IA:?, 2HRE/2HL * 63
3 2H /2HLB*2H/C/2hYD/2H /PHLR/2H/P/2HRO/2H 0/2HNTV 64
DATA rBETA/2Ht:6/2H G/2HAL.2H ,?HEfc/?H O?nFT.2H *2HtoȣH T/2HGN/ 65
12HS ,2HE1,2H? /2H8T/2HU /2HE6/PH B/2HAI..2HE /2HE6/2H 0/2HBL/2H / 66
12HF6/2H C/2HYD,2H /2HL6/2H P/2HU *2H / 67
K'J 68
661 FORMAT (20A^) To
READ (1/661) (FA(I)*I«l*g*> ?Q
READ(1/6A1) (FA2( I )*I"l/26) 71
READ(1«661) (FBCI )» I»l*27) 72
READ(l/6ftl) / I»l/36) 7t
READ(1/661) (FX( I ), 1=1/10) 75
C«« RFADING INT THE NUMBER &F POLLUTANTS 76
READ d/9'3) Kl 7S
99 FORMAT(2I5) 7g
50 CONTINUE 7|
c«« KEAD SWITCHING CBDES go
READU/99) ISW/I3U &{
100 F9RMAT(A<») gi
C«« HEADING IN THE NA1E OF THE P3LLUTANT 83
READ (1»101) ( IPLTNT(J/K)/J=1,10) 84
101 FORMAT (10A2) 85
VnRITE (80) ( IPLTNT(J/K)/ j « 1/10) 86
DO 750 I»l/9999 87
C«» READING IN Tht NAMES OF THE VARIOUS SOURCES AND THEIR RATING 88
READ(1/102/E\'D = 'J*J (ISSURCU, I )/ J=l/ ,?0)/ ( IKATNG( J/ I i/J=l/e)/ 89
X E111D( i )/£Sh(I )/£NO(l ) 90
102 FORMAT )))/2«OE6 111
IF (ES(I).EO.O.O) LS(I)-EU(1) ii?
TA(I )=(M I ).rs(I )»PK(I ) J/2-OF6 113
EQ(I)» (1. - (ErM(I)/ESN(I)»
TN(I)= (PKE(I).ES(I)MA(I)-BII)) « PKI I )*EN( I ) •(Q( I )*C( I ) ) )/ZtQE3 117
TUEd > = (PKE. (I)»EU(! )«(A(I)-B(I) ))/2.0E3 11«
TC-
-------
7ND(I)=TND
C«» CALCULATING THF ESTIMATED REDUCED EMISSIONS RESULTING FR3M NEW 147
c»« o« REVISED NSPS [^
IF (TD(I).LT.IO.) G8 T6 91 ug
JF (TD( I ).tiE.10COOOO.) G9 TO 90 150
IF (TD(I).GE.100000.) GO T9 R9 151
IF (TD(IJ.GE-IOOO.) GO T8 33 15?
ITDCI) = TD(I)/10 153
TD(I) - 10«ITD(I) 15*
G8 TP 91 155
88 ITD G3 TO 96 188
IF (I8U .EG* 19 .A'JD. ElllD(i) .NE« 0.0) GO Tr» 96 1«9
IF (I8U -EQ. 21 .AND. '_1110(l) .r,;. 0.0) GO T« 96 190
112
-------
CALL BKDtR(ALSET'CAPACITY/Pi<8DUCTION'/l8X, 'K', 9X/ 'UNITS E E 212
x E P P'*22X, «A'*12X/ 'B'/12X> 'CV39X/ »S N 213
x U B C UNITS/YR 1975 1985 21*
X 1985«/> 2|g
GO TO 323 216
C«» IF E111D .NE« 0. 21S
C luRITE HEADING HERE 219
105 URIT£(3»<»22) 220
122 FORMAT (///,AX* 'SOUKCF. ' ,36X, irMlSS ION RATES'/ SY* 'GROWTH RATES'* 221
X2SX>« INDUSTRY «/16Xj 'EMISSION', 1 IX. ' ALLOwAei_E ' ,8x* 'UNCONT ' , 1 1X/ 222
X'DECIMAL/YR',21X/ ' CAPAC I T Y/PRODUCT ION ' /I IX, 'K'/ 6X» 'UNITS £• 223
X10X, 'E'*10X, '£',6Xj 'E'/gX/'P'^'X, 'P'*21X/'A',tlX. '3'/llX/ 'C'j 22*
X/30X,'SS10X/'N',10X/'U'/6X/'1HD'/6X*'8I»9X*'C'/5X. 'UNITS/YR ' /6X, 225
X'1975'/8X» '193b'*7x/'1985'/) 2*6
323 IF (IOU -EC. 11 .AND- IRPCl*3
19 IF (K .EQ. 1) KK-15 215
IF (K -EC. ,2) KK » 19 216
IF (K .EO. 3) KK « 22 047
21 DO 112 L"l,5 |43
IF «EG. C.) G9 TO 120 249
IF (VARA(IOd)*K,) .GE« LIMIT(D) GO TO ( 1 10* 120/ 130* 110* 150 )*L 250
GO TO 112 25.
110 FA(KK) « FX(1) |ci
FA(KK + 1) • FXI2) 2.r;
GO TO 111 25'.
120 FA(KK) • FX(3)
FA
-------
C«»
C
C
GO TB 111
130 FA(KK) • FXC3)
FA(KK+1) " FX(6)
GO TO 111
UO FA(KK) = FX(7)
FA(KK-M) - FX(8)
GO TO 111
150 FA(KK) » FX(9)
FA(KK+1) » FX(10)
112 CONTINUE
Ill CONTINUE
GO TO ?ooo
257
25a
260
2&t
IF PKE AND ESN 08
AND Ell ID .NE. 0-
FORMAT H=RE
N8T EXIST
267
263
26*3
27O
1313 DO 313 K = l*3
IF(K .EQ. 1) KK=17
1F(K .EQ. 2) KK=20
IF(K .EC. 3) KK«23
08 3l«f L = l/5
IF(VA«A(I3(I),K) .EQ. 00 GO T9
IF(VARA(IQ(I),K) .(JE. LIMIT(L))
G8 T^ Sl'f
«HO FA2(KK) = FX(1 )
FA2(KK+1) = FX(2)
G8 T8 313
FA2(KK) « FX(3)
FA2(K<*1) = FXU)
G6 TO 313
FAP«K) = FX(5)
«rA2(KK-»U » FX(6)
GO T8 313
FA2(KK) = FX(7)
FA2CKK+1) * FX(8)
G6 TO 313
«»5C FA2(KK) * FX(9>
FA2(KK+1) * FX(10)
314 CONTINUE
313 CONTINUE
GO TO ?000
122 IF(EH1D(IQ(I) )) 23*22*23
27-
320
G8 T8
278
279
280
28,
283
007
268
28g
290
2oi
2g,
2oS
C** IF PKE AND ESN
C AND E.111D .E0»
C FORMAT HERE
22 DO 311 K=l,3
IF
-------
350 FC(KK) • FX<9) 3?1
FCJKK+1) - FX(10)
312 CONTINUE
311 CONTINUE
GO TO 2000
304
C«. IF PKE AND ESN EXIST
C AND E1110 -ME- 0.
C FORMAT HERE
23 CO 315 K = l,3
IF(K .EG. 1) KK-20
IF(K .EC. 2) KK»23
IF(K .EC. 3) KK»26
CO 316 L=U5 3-3!
!F(VARA( ICCI >/K) -EC. 0.) GO TQ 520 337
IF ( VARA(IC
FC2(KK+1) » FX(8)
G8 TO 315
550 FC2(KK) = FX(9) 35!
FC2(KK + 1) =
316 CONTINUE:
315 CONTINUE 35-
2000 IF (£1110(10(1))) W3titiiH,Hif3 3^
1*»3 IF(ZZ) <»42««41«4%2 357
C»« IF PKE AND ESN EXIST
C AND L111D .NE- 0.
C kRITE HERE
WRITEO/FC2) PK(IO(I)),(IEUNIT(J,IQ(I», 362
Xo=l/5)/ES( 1C (I ))/EM(IO( I) >/ElJ(IQ(I))»ElllD(IO(I )>,P3/PC(IC(I) ),IRPC( IC( !)),(! IUNIT(J,IQ( I)), JM»«»).A( 10(1)
XI))*C(IC(I ) )/P-fE(IQ(I) )*ESN(IQ(I»
ICNT « ICNT * 3
367
368
C«. IF PKE AND ESN D3 NOT EXIST
C AND ElllD .NE. 0.
C rfRITE HERE
WRITEK3/FA?) ( ] RATNU ( J* IQ( I ) ) , j. 1 , ?_ ) , PK ( I fi ( I ) ) , ( 1 EUNI T ( J, 10 ( I ) ) , 372
Xj=l/'s)yE:S{Ir;(I »,EM(jc(I) )/£u(IO(I ) )/ Ell ID (1C (I ) ),P3(IJ(I ) )/IRPa(I 373
xcd ))/FC(ioji;?r>c(ir-(i ) }, < i IUNITCJ, iud > ),j=i«4>/A( io< i ) >,o( I0( 371*
ICNT « ICNT * 2
GO Tfl 447
IF(2Z) 446/445,446
C». JF PKE AND ESN EXIST
C AND ElllD .£0. 0.
C WRITE HERE
445 WR1TFCJ/FC) ( IRATNG ( J, IQ( \ ) ) , j.i ,2, , PK{ Ia{ i , , , , IE ;JN, T
ICNT • ICNT 4 3
115
-------
GB TO 447 38c
C«« IF PKE AND ESN DO NOT EXIST 391
C AND ElllD »EQ. 0* 39-
C WRITE HERE 3gf
446 WR1TEC3/FA) ), { IEUNITU/IQ(I )), 394
Xj-l*S)/ES(IQ(I) )/£.X/•TONS 415
X/YEARV25X/ 'T'/ 12X, «T'/12X/ 'Tt/l?X, «T'/12X/ »Ti/i2.<' 'T'/lZiX/ «T -T'/ 41 =
X11X/«1 - E /E '/26X/'U'/12X/iA'/!2X/»E'/12X/"uE'/HX/«S'/12X/«ND'/ 42C
XHX/'S N'D'/14X/*N S1 /P4X., • 1985'/9X/' 1975'/9X/' l985'/9X/' 1985'/9 421
GO TO 324 ° *2'
CTC.
424
C«» IF E11IO «EQ. 0« 42=
C VvRITE HEADING HERE 42f
503 UR1TF(3/502) 423
50? FORM.\T(/6X/ 'SOURCE'/53X/'E«ISSIRNS'/56X/'1000 TONS/YEAR •/32X/' TONS 42 =
X/YEAR'/25X/'T'/12X/ 'T'/12X/ «T«*12X/«T'/12X/ 'TI/12X' «T'/12X/«T -T1/ 42^
X11X/«1 - E /E «/26X/'U'/12X, «A'/12X, »E'/12X/ «ljE • / 11X/«S'/12X/ 'N'/l 43C
X2X/'S N',15X/'N S '/24X/'1?S5'/9X/'1975'/9X/'1985«/3X/»1985'/9X 431
X/»19R5'/9X/ «19Sb'/llX/"1985I/) 432
324 IF (IOU .ER. 11 .AND- IHPCdfJ(I)) .EQ. IS) G9 TO 4480 43"
IF (IOU .EC. 12 .AND- IRPCdC(I)) «EO. 1C) GO TO 4480 434
IF (IOU .E3« 6 .AND. ESN(I3(I)J .ER. ES(lQ(I») GO TO 4480 43C
KRITr (3/403) ENO(!0(I))/(ISPURC(J/IG(I))/J=1/20) 43«
IF(E111D(IG(I))) 77/78/77 437
77 TNdQd )) = TND(IQd)) 435
78 CONTINUE 435
ICNT • ICNT + 1 44C
DO 211 K»l/7 441
IF (K -EG. 1) KK» 3 445
IF (K .EQ. 2) KK s 6 44-
IF (K .EQ. 3) KK » 9 44^
IF (K *EQ. 4) KK * 12 441:
IF (K >EQ. 5) KK « 15 44 FIX2 45£
IF (vARBiinci) /K) .GE. I.E+M FB('KK-I>= Fix3 45-
IF (VARBdQd) ,K) .GE* l-E+6) GO TO 2H 454
116
-------
.EC.
• GE<
0.) fifl T9
LIMIT(L))
220
GO TQ
<210*.?20* 230*2*0* 250)*L
210
220
230
240
250
212
211
555
556
IF FXdO)
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
WRITEOFFS) TU(IQ(I ))/TA(lQd ) )/TE {I0( I )) »TU£( I0( I )
x TNdcd»/TDd£d>)jEQ(ind »
IF (PK(I0(I)).NE»O.) GO TO 556
PKdOdM - PKEdQdJ)
IF (ElllDdQd ».EQ«0) GO T*} 556
TNdOd ) ) » TND(lQd))
JJ * IGd)
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118
-------
SUBROUTINE BRDER(AP.RAY, INDEX,NSIZE* ISWTCH) j
C ROUTINE TB LTGICALLY RFSRDEt* A REAL ARRAY 3Y SUOSCRIPTS 2
C UPON EXIT FROM R8UTINE |
C INDEX(l) WILL P'JINT T9 THE LARGEST ELEMENT OF ARRAY IF 8KDERING H
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C INDEX - OUTPUT - INTEGER APRAY THAT CONTAINS P6INTERS TO ELEMENTS 9F ARRAY 11
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C IN ARRAY THAT AWE. TB RE ORDERED 13
c ISWTCH - INPUT - INTEGER VARIABLE THAT SPECIFIES TO MODE OF ORDERING i*
c POSITIVE INDICATES ASCENDING QRDER 15
c NEGATIVE INDICATES DESCENDING ORDER 16
C ZERO INDICATES NO REORDERING 17
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59 CONTINUE 2i
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IF(ARRAY( INDEX( I M-ARRAYl INDEX(J)) ) 105* HO* 110 26
105 ISAVE=INDEX(I) 27
INDEXd ) = INDEX(J) 28
INDEX(J)«ISAVE 29
110 CONTINUE 30
ICO CONTINUE 31
GO TO 20 32
30 DO 200 I=1*NSIZE 33
DO 210 J-I,NSIZE 31,
IF(ARRAY(INDEX(I»-ARRAY(INDFX(J)))210*210*205 35
205 ISAVE=INDEX(I) 36
INDEX(I)»INDEX{J) 37
INDEX
-------
!210 009<» :205 007E
PROCEDURE BLOCK LENGTH: OOA3
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120
-------
APPENDIX B
INPUT FORMAT CARDS
121
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APPENDIX C
BIBLIOGRAPHY
123
-------
Due to the limited availability of many of the reference sources,
a cross-reference has been included to facilitate retrieval. The
number(s) in parentheses following each reference are keyed to the
following list:
Code Number Available through...
1 APTIC, NTIS, GPO
2 EPA - OAQPS Emission Standards and Engin-
eering Pivision(ESED)-Associated Personne.l
2a EPA.ESED - Gary D. McCutchen
2b EPA.OAQPS - Joseph J. Sableski
2c EPA.ESED - Eric Noble
2d EPA.ESED - Fred Porter
2e EPA.SDAD - William Hamilton
2f EPA.ESED - Susan Wyatt
2g EPA.ESED - William King
2h EPA.ESED - Randy Seiffert
3 TRC--The Research Corporation of New
England - Thomas G. Hopper
4 Government documents section of State Library
5 Technical section of local library
6 Contractor preparing report
7 Federal Register
8 Department of Commerce
9 Bookstore - technical section
10 Publisher
11 Air Pollution Control Association
12 Author(s)
13 EPA - Industrial Studies Branch
14 EPA - Compliance Monitoring Section
124
-------
1. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Grain Handling & Milling Industry (Draft).
Environmental Engineering, Inc. and PEDCo Environmental- Specialists, Inc.
EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order No. 4. July 15, 1971. (2. 6)
2. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Vegetable Oil Industry (Draft).
Environmental Engineering, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order
No. 9h. July 15, 1971. (2,6)
3. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Raw Cane Sugar Industry (Draft).
Environmental Engineering, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order
No. 9c. July 15, 1971. (2,6)
4. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Smoked Meat and Fish Industry (Draft).
Environmental Engineering, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task
Order No. 9b. July 15, 1971. (2,6)
5. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of Per-
formance for New Sources. Soap and Detergent Industry (Draft). Environ-
mental Engineering, Inc. and PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc. EPA
Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order No. 8; July 15, 1971. (2,6)
6. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Coffee Roasting and Processing Industry
(Draft). Environmental Engineering, Inc. and PEDCo Environmental
Specialists, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order No. 9f.
July 15, 1971. (2,6)
125
-------
7. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of Per-
formance for New Sources. Gray Iron Foundries (Draft). Environmental
Engineering, Inc. and PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc. EPA Contract
No. CPA 70-142, Task Order No. 2. March 15, 1971. (2, 6).
8. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Fish Canning Industry (Draft). Environ-
mental Engineering, Inc. and PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc.
EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order No. 9e. July 15, 1971. (2,6)
9. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of Per-
formance for New Sources. Pulp and Paper Industry (Draft). Environmental
Engineering, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order No. 2.
March 15, 1971. (2,6)
10. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of Per-
formance for New Sources. Coal Cleaning Industry (Draft). Environmental
Engineering, Inc. and Herrick Associates. £PA Contract No. CPA 70-142,
Task Order No. 7. July 15, 1971. (2,6)
11. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Cotton Ginning Industry (Draft).
Environmental Engineering, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order
No. 6. July 15, 1971. (2,6)
12. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of Per-
formance for New Sources. Fermented Beverage Industry (Draft). Environ-
mental Engineering, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-142, Task Order No. 9g.
July 15, 1971. (2,6)
126
-------
13. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for Mew Sources. Edible Rendering Industry. Environmental
Engineering, Inc. and Reynolds, Smith, and Hills. EPA Contract Mo. CPA-
70-142, Task Order No. 9d. July 28, 1971. (1)
14. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Meat Packing Industry. Environmental
Engineering, Inc. and Reynolds, Smith, and Hills. EPA Contract No. CPA-
70-142, Task Order No. 9a. July 19, 1971. (1)
15. A Screening Study to Develop Background Information to Determine the
Significance of Castable Refractories Manufacturing (Final Report).
The Research Triangle Institute. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0607 Task 1.
December, 1972. (1)
16. A Screening Study to Develop Background Information to Determine the
Significance of Glass Manufacturing (Final Report). The Research
Triangle Institute. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0607, Task 3. December, 1972. (1)
17. Establishment of National Emission Standards for Stationary Sources, Volume
VI. Portland Cement Manufacturing Plants (Final Report). Research
Triangle Institute and PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc. Contract No.
CPA 70-164, Task Order No. 2. September 30, 1970. (1)
18. A Screening Study to Develop Background Information to Determine the
Significance of Brick and Tile Manufacturing (Final Report). The
Research Triangle Institute. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0607, Task 4.
December, 1972. (1)
19. Establishment of National Emission Standards for Stationary Sources
Volume II. Steam Electric Power Generation (Final Report). Research
Triangle Institute and PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc. Contract No.
CPA-70-164, Task Order No. 3. September. 30, 1970. (1)
127
-------
128
20. Establishment of National Emission Standards for Stationary Sources
Volume IV. Sulfuric Acid Plants (Final Report). Research Triangle
Institute and PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc. Contract No. CPA
70-164, Task Order No. 3. September 30, 1970. (1)
21. A Screening Study to Develop Background Information to Determine the
Significance of Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing (Final Report). The
Research Triangle Institute. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0607, Task 2.
December, 1972. (1)
21A. Establishment of National Emission Standards for Stationary Sources
Volume V. Nitric Acid Plants (Final Report). Research Triangle
Institute and PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc. Contract No. CPA
70-164, Task Order No. 3. September 30, 1970. (1)
22. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards 6f
Performance for New Sources. Industrial Size Boilers. Walden Research
Corporation. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-165,'Task Order No. 5. June 30,
1971. (1)
23. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of
Performance for New Sources. Castor Bean Processing. Walden Research
Corporation. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-165, Task Order No. 7. July, 1972. (1)
24. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of Per-
formance for New Sources. Deep Fat Frying. Walden Research Corporation.
EPA Contract CPA 70-165, Task Order No. 6. October, 1971. (1)
25. Background Information for Establishment of National Standards of Per-
formance for New Sources. Paint and Varnish Manufacturing. Walden
Research Corporation. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-165, Task Order No. 4
October, 1971. (i)
-------
26. Impact of New Source Performance Standards on 1985 National Emissions
From Stationary Sources (Final Report). Research Triangle Institute.
EPA Contract No. 68-02-0607, Task Order No. 15. May 30, 1974. (1,6)
27. Role of New Source Performance Standards in Air Pollution Control of
Criteria Pollutants (Final Report). Research Triangle Institute. EPA
Contract No. 68-02-0607, Task Order No. 9. November, 1973. (1,5)
28. Comprehensive Study of Specified Air Pollution Sources to Assess the
Economic Impact of Air Quality Standards (Final Report) FR-41U-649,
Volume I. Research Triangle Insitute. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0088.
August, 1972. (1,6)
29. Background Information - Proposed New Source Performance Standards
for Primary Copper, Zinc, and Lead Smelters (Preliminary Draft)
Sections 1 through 5, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Air and Water Programs, August, 1973. (7)
30. Background Information - Proposed New Source Performance Standards
for Primary Copper, Zinc, and Lead Smelters (Preliminary Draft)
Sections 6 through 8, EPA, Office of Air and Water Programs, August,
1973. (7)
31. Air Pollution Survey Production of Seven Petrochemicals (Final Report).
MSA Research Corporation. EPA Contract No. EHSD 71-12, Modification I,
Task I. July 23, 1971. (1)
32. Standards Support Document Stationary Gas Turbines (Draft), EPA,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, January, 1974. (2c)
33. An Investigation of the Best Systems of Emission Reduction for Six
129
-------
Phosphate Fertilizer Processes (Draft), EPA, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, April, 1974. (2d)
34. Organic Compound Emission Sources Emission Control Techniques and
Emission Limitation Guidelines (Draft), EPA, Emission Standards and
Engineering Division, June, 1974. (2)
35. Air Pollution Control in the Primary Aluminum Industry, Volume I of
II, Sections 1 through 10. Singmaster and Breyer. EPA-450/3-73-
004A. July 23, 1973. (1)
36. Air Pollution Control in the Primary Aluminum Industry, Volume II of
II. Singmaster and Breyer. EPA-450/3-73-004B. July 23, 1973. (1)
37. Tax Information on Depreciation, 1974 Edition, Publication 534. De-
partment of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service. (4)
38. Screening Study for Background Information and Significant Emissions
From Major Incineration Sources (Final Report). Battelle Columbus
Laboratories. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0611, Task Order No. 1. January
24, 1974. (1)
39. Screening Study to Develop Background Information to Determine the
Significance of Emissions from Lead Battery Manufacture. Vulcan-
Cincinnati, Inc. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0299, Task Order No. 3.
December 4, 1972. (1)
40. Emission Standards for the Phosphate Rock Processing Industry. Consult-
ing Division, Chemical Construction Corporation. EPA Contract No. CPA
70-156. July, 1971. (1)
130
-------
41. Petroleum Refinery Background Information for Establishment of Federal
Standards of Performance for Stationary Sources (Final Report). Prepared
for EPA by Processes Research, Inc. Task Order No. 9. August 20, 1971. (i)
42. Jones, H.R. , Environmental Control in the Inorganic Chemical Industry.
Park Ridge, New Jersey, Noyes Data Corporation, 1972. (12)
43. Air Pollution Control Technology and Costs in Nine Selected Areas (Final
Report). Industrial Gas Cleaning Institute. EPA Contract No. 68-02-
0301. September 30, 1972. (1)
44. Background Information for Proposed New Source Standards: Asphalt
Concrete Plants, Petroleum Refineries, Storage Vessels, Secondary
Lead Smelters and Refineries, Brass or Bronze Ingot Production Plants,
Iron and Steel Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Volume 1, Main Text.
EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, June, 1973. (7)
45. Faith, W.L., Keyes, D.B., Clark, R.L. Industrial Chemicals, Third
Edition. New York. John Wiley & Sons. 1965. (5,10)
46. Danielson, J.A. Air Pollution Engineering Manual, Second Edition
AP-40, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, EPA, May, 1973. (i)
47. Particulate Pollutant System Study, Volume I - Mass Emissions. Midwest
Research Insitute. EPA Contract No. CPA 22-69-104. May 1, 1971. (1)
48. Particulate Pollutant System Study, Volume II - Fine Particle Emissions.
Midwest Research Institute. EPA Contract No. CPA 22-69-104. August. 1 ,1971.
49. Particulate Pollutant System Study, Volume III - Handbook of Emission
Properties. Midwest Research Institute. EPA Contract No. CPA 22-69-
104. May 1, 1971. (1)
131
-------
50. Background Information for Stationary Source Categories. Provided by
EPA, Joseph J. Sableski, Chief, Industrial Survey Section, Industrial
Studies Branch, November 3, 1972. (2b)
51. Kreichelt, Thomas E., Robert .A. ilaft. Air.Pollution Aspects of, Tepee
Burners Used for Disposal of Municipal Refuse. U.S. Department of
Health, Education'and Welfare. U.S.. Public Health Service Publication
No.- 999-APr£8
-------
56. Atmospheric Emissions from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Manufacture. Co-
operative Study Project Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc. and
Publich Health Service. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
National Air Pollution Control Administration Publication No. AP-57.
April, 1970. (1)
57. Economic Impact of Air Pollution Controls on Gray Iron Foundry Industry.
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Air Pollution
Control Administration Publication No. AP-74. November, 1970. (!)
58. Kreichelt, Thomas E., Douglas-A. Kemnitz-, Stanley T: Cuffe. Atmos-
pheric Emissions from the Manufacture of'Portland Cement. U.S. Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health-.Service Publica-
tion No, 999-AP-17. 1967. -(1).
59. Atmospheric Emissions from Petroleum Refineries. A Guide for Measurement
and Control. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public
Health Service Publication No. 763. 1960. (D
60. Atmospheric Emissions"From Nitric Acid Manufacturing Processes. U.S.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service
Publication No. 999-AP-27. 1966. (1)
61. Air Pollution in the Coffee Roasting Industry. U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Frank Partee. Public Health Service Publication
No. 999-AP-9. September, 1964. (Revised 1956) (D
62. Systems Study of Air Pollution From Municipal Incineration, Volume II.
Appendices. Arthur D. Little, Inc. Contract CPA-22-69-23. March, 1970. (D
133
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63. Report on the Status of Lime/Limestone Wet Scrubbing Systems. Radian
Corporation. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0046. January,1974. (1)
64. Systems Study for Control of Emissions Primary Nonferrous Smelting
Industry, Volume I. Arthur G. McKee & Company. June 1969. (5)
65. Systems Study for Control of Emissions Primary Nonferrous Smelting
Industry, Volume II. Arthur G. McKee & Company. June 1969. (5)
66. Systems Study for Control of Emissions Primary Nonferrous Smelting
Industry, Volume III, Appendices C through G. Arthur G. McKee & Company.
June, 1969. (5)
67. Systems Analysis of Emissions and Emissions Control in the Iron Foundry
Industry, Volume I. Text. A.T. Kearney & Company, Inc. EPA Contract
No. CPA 22-69-106. February, 1971. (1)
68. Systems Analysis of Emissions and Emission Control in the Iron Foundry
Industry, Volume II, Exhibits. A.T. Kearney & Company, Inc. EPA Contract
No. CPA 22-69-106. February, 1971. (1)
69. Systems Analysis of Emissions and Emissions Control in the Iron Foundry
Industry, Volume III, Appendix. A.T. Kearney & Company, Inc. EPA Contract
No. CPA 22-69-106. February, 1971. (D
70. Development of Methods for the Sampling and Analysis of Particulate and
Gaseous Fluorides from Stationary Sources (Final Report). Arthur D. Little,
Inc. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0099. April, 1972. (1)
134
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71. Quantitative Analysis of the Gordian Associations, Inc., Report,
"The Comparative Environmental Impact in 1980 of Fossil Fuel Space
Heating Systems Versus Electric Space Heating". Prepared for American
Gas Association, Inc. by Institute of Gas Technology. Project No.
HC-4-19. November, 1972. (12)
72. Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes, Volume II, Waste Gases and
Particulate Matter, Fifth Edition. 1957. American Petroleum Institute. (5,12)
73. Systematic Study of Air Pollution from Intermediate-Size Fossil-Fuel
Combustion Equipment (Final Report). Walden Research Corporation. EPA
Contract No. CPA 22-69-85. July, 1971. (1)
74. Hydrocarbon Pollutant Systems Study, Volume I - Stationary Sources,
Effects, and Control (Final Technical Report). MSA Research Corporation.
October 20, 1972. (1)
75. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (Second Edition). EPA.
Publication No. AP-42. April, 1973. (1)
76. Pervier,-J.W«, R.C. Barley, D.E. Field, B.M. Friedman, R.B. Morris,
W.A. Schwartz. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petro-
chemical Industry, Volume I. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0255. Janury, 1974. .(1)
77. Air Pollution Control Technology and Costs in Seven Selected Areas. In-
dustrial Gas Cleaning Institute. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0289. December,
1973. (1)
78. Austin, George T. Industrially Significant Organic Chemicals, Part 8.
Chemical Engineering. Vol.81, No. 15. July 22, 1974. pg. 107-116. (5)
135
-------
79. Austin, George T. The Industrially Significant Organic Chemicals, Part I.
Chemical Engineering. Vol. 81, No. 2. January 21, 1974. pg. 127-132. (5)
80. Austin, George T. Industrially Significant Organic Chemicals, Part 5.
Chemical Engineering. Vol. 81, No. 9. April 29, 1974. pq. 143-150. (5)
81. Austin, George T. Industrially Significant Organic1 Chemicals, Part 6.
Chemical Engineering. Vol. 81, No. 11. May 27, 1974. pg. 101-106. (5)
82. A Manual of Electrostatic Precipitator Technology, Part 1 - Fundamentals.
Southern Research Institute. Contract No. CPA 22-69-73. August 25, 1970. (1)
83. A Manual of Electrostatic Precipitator Technology, Part II - Application
Areas. Southern Research Institute. Contract No. CPA 22-69-73. August
25, 1970. (1)
84. Analysis of Final State Implementation Plans - Rules and Regulations.
The Mitre Corporation. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0249. July, 1972. (1)
85. Systems Study of Air Pollution From Municipal Incineration, Volume I.
Arthur D. Little, Inc. Contract No. CPA-22-69-23. March, 1970. (1)
86. Systems Study of Air Pollution From Municipal Incineration - Volume
III. Arthur D. Little, Inc. Contract No. CPA-22-69r23. March 1970. (1)
87. Handbook of Fabric Filter Technology, Volume 1, Fabric Filter Systems
Study. National Technical Information Service. Contract No. CPA-22-
69-38. December, 1970. (D
88. Afterburner Systems Study. Shell Development Company. EPA Contract No.
EHS-D-71-3. August, 1972. CD
136
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89. Study of Technical and Cost Information for Gas Cleaning Equipment
in the Lime and Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Industries. In-
dustrial Gas Cleaning Institute, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-150.
December, 1970. (1)
90. Appendices to Handbook of Fabric Filter Technology - Volume II, Fabric
Filter Systems Study. GCA Corporation. Contract No. CPA-22-69-38.
December, 1970. (1)
91. Fabric Filter Systems Study. Final Report - Volume IV, CGA Corporation.
Contract No. CPA-22-69-38. (1)
92. Wet Scrubber System Study, Vol. 1 Scrubber Handbook. Ambient Purifi-
cation Technology, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA-70-95. August, 1972. (1)
93. Chemical Process Industries, Third Edition. Shreve, R.N. McGraw-Hill
Book Company. 1967. (9,10)
94. Gamse, R.N. and J. Speyer. SOp Processing.: Economic Impact of Sulfur
Dioxide Pollution Controls. Chemical Engineering Progress. Vol. 70,
No. 6. June, 1974. (5)
95. Chemical Economics Handbook, Stanford Research Institute- (10)
96. The Chemical Marketing Newspaper, Chemical Profiles. Schnell Publish-
ing Company, Inc. New York. (5,10)
97. Control Techniques for Sulfur Oxide Air Pollutants. U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare. National Air Pollution Control Administra-
tion Publication No. AP-52. January, 1969. (1)
137
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98. Control Techniques for Hydrocarbon and Organic Solvent Emissions From
Stationary Sources. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
National Air Pollution Control Administration Publication No. AP-68.
March, 1970. (1)
99. Control Techniques for Particulate Air Pollutants. EPA. Office of
Air Programs Publication No. AP-51. January, 1969. (1)
100. Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides from Stationary Sources. U.S.
Department of Health, Education and Welfare. National Air Pollution
Control Administration Publication No. AP-67. March, 1970. (1)
101. Perry, R.H., C.H. Chilton, S.D. Kirkpatrick. Perry's Chemical Engineers'
Handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1963. (9,10)
102. Control Techniques for Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary Sources.
U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. National Air Pollution
Control Administration Publication No. AP-65. March, 1970. (1)
103. Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Eighth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1971. (9,10)
104. Sawyer, J.W. Sawyer's Gas Turbine Catalog. Gas Turbines in Utility
Power Generation and Gas Turbines in Gas Pipelines-Status Report. 1973. (12)
105. Sawyer, J.W. , R.C. Farmer. Sawyer's Gas Turbine Catalog. Gas Turbines
in U.S. Electric Utilities (12)
106. Statistical Abstract of the U.S.; 1973 (94th Edition) U.S. Department
of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1973. (8)
138
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107. Control Techniques for Beryllium Air Pollutants. EPA. Publication
No. AP-116. February, 1973. (D
108. Control Techniques for Mercury Emissions from Extraction and Chlor-
Alkali Plants. EPA. Publication No. AP-118. February, 1973. (D
109. Control Techniques for Asbestos Air Pollutants. EPA. Publication
No. AP-117. February, 1973. (D
110. Air Pollution Problems at a Proposed Merseyside Chemical Fertilizer
Plant: A Case Study. Atmospheric Environment. Vol. 2. pp. 35-48.
Pergamon Press, 1968. (5)
111. Phelps, A.M. Air Pollution Aspects of Soap and Detergent Manufacture.
Journal Air Pollution Control Association. Vol.17, No. 8. August, 1967. (11)
112. Carter, R.V., B. Linsky. Gaseous Emissions from Whiskey Fermentation
Units. Atmospheric Environment, Vol.8, pp. 57-62. 1974. (5)
113. Darran, B.R., V. Freqa. Removing Air Pollutants with Packed Scrubbers,
Part I. Plant Engineering. July 13, 1972. (5)
114. Phillips, M.A. Investigations Into Levels of Both Airborne Beryllium
and Beryllium in Coal at the Hayden Power Plant near Hayden, Colorado.
Environmental Letters, 5(3). 183-188. 1973. (5)
115. World-wide Plastics Boom Seen Continuing. Hydrocarbon Processing.
January, 1972. (5)
116. The Modern Plastics Barometer. Modern Plastics. January, 1972. (5)
139
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117. Field Operations and Enforcement Manual for Air Pollution Control,
Volume I: Organization and Basic Procedures. Pacific Environmental
Services, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-122. August, 1972. (1)
118. Field Operations and Enforcement Manual for Air Pollution Control,
Volume II: Control Technology and General Source Inspection. Pacific
Environmental Services, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-122. August, 1972. (1)
119. Field Operations and Enforcement Manual for Air Pollution Control Volume
III: Inspection Procedures for Specific Industries. Pacific Environ7
mental Services, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-122. August, 1972. d)
120. Lee, R.E.Jr., D.J. vonLehmden. Trtace Metal Pollution in the Environment.
Journal Air Pollution Control Association. Vol. 23, No. 10. October,
1973. (ID
121. Russel, Douglas S., Aurelio F. Siriani. Rejection of Trace Metals from
Coal During Beneficiation by Agglomeration. Environmental Science and
Technology. Vol.8, No. 1. January, 1974. (5)
122. Akitsune, K., T. Takae. Pollution Control Operations: Abatement of
Prilling Tower Effluent. Chemical Engineering Progress. Vol. 69,
No. 6. June, 1973. (5)
123. James, G.R. Pollution Control Operations: Stripping Ammonium Nitrate
From Vapors. Chemical Engineering Progress. Vol. 69, No. 6. June,
1973. (5)
124. Hamilton, .-William F. A Survey of the Economic Impact of Various Levels
of Lead Removal•upon Selected Industries. Ocotber-19,.1973 . (2e)
140
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125. Particulate Pollution Control Equipment Requirements of the Cement
Industry. Supplied by EPA, Emission Standards and Engineering
Division. (2)
126. Particulate Pollution Control Equipment for Stationary Fossil Fuel
Burning Sources. Suuplied by EPA, Emission Standards and Engineering
Division. (2)
127. Pervier,'.J.W., R.C. Bar.ley, D.E. Field, B.M. Friedman, R.B. Morris,
W.A. Schwartz. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petro-
chemical Industry, Volume II. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. EPA
Contract No. 68-02-0255. April, 1974. d)
128. Pervier, J.W., R.C. Barley, D.E. Field, B.M. Friedman, R.B. Morris,
W.A. Schwartz. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petro-
chemical Industry, Volume III. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. EPA
Contract No. 68-02-0255. April, 1974. (1)
129. Pervier, J.W., R.C. Barley, D.E. Field, B.M. Friedman, R.B. Morris,
W.A. Schwartz. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petro-
chemical Industry, Volume IV. Products and Chemicals, Inc. EPA Contract
No. 68-02-0255. April, 1974. (1)
130. McCutchen, G.D. (Personal notes of) EPA. Emission Standards and
Engineering Division of OAQPS. Regarding TNT Explosives Plants. (2a)
131. Air Pollution Emission Test. Engineering-Science, Inc. EPA Report
Number 74-SLD-l. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0225, Task Order No. 22.
July, 1974. <2f)
141
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132. King, William R. Control of Secondary Aluminum Industrial Emissions
(Draft). EPA, Emission Standards and Engineering Division. (2g)
133. Seiffert, Randy D. Preliminary Report on Emission Problems and
Control in the Secondary Aluminum Industry. EPA, Emission Standards
and Engineering Division of OAQPS. February, 1972. (2h)
134. Aluminum Scrap Consumption and Recovery. Aluminum Statistical Review.
1971. (5)
135. Tomany, J.P. A System for Control of Aluminum Chloride Fumes. Air
Pollution Control Association. Vol. 19, No. 6. June, 1969.
136. Priority Rating for Sources of Lead Emissions. Susan Wyatt, EPA.
Emission Standards and Engineering Division of OAQPS. (2f)
137. Profile of an Industry: Aluminum. Metals Week. August 12, 1968. (5)
138. Supply/Demand Situation for Particulate Control Equipment. EPA.
OAQPS. (2)
139. Air Pollution Aspects of Odor (Draft). John 0. Copeland, EPA, Emission
Standards and Engineering Division of OAQPS. (2)
140. Englund, H.M. , W.T. Berry. Proceedings of the Second International
Clean Air Congress. Academic Press. 1971. (10)
141. Summer, W. Odor Pollution of Air, Causes and Control. CRC Press. 1971. (10)
142
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142. Atmospheric Emissions from Hydrochloric Acid Manufacturing Processes.
Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc. and Public Health Service.
National Air Pollution Control Administration Publication No. AP-54.
September, 1969. (D
143. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Forty-ninth Edition. Editor Robert
C. Weast, PhD. The Chemical Rubber Company. 1968. (9,10)
144. Survey of Current Business, United States Department of Commerce, Social
and Economic Statistics Administration, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Volume 54, No. 7. July, 1974. (8)
145. Jones, H.R. Fine Dust and Particulates Removal, Pollution Control Review
No. 11. Noyes Data Corporation. 1972. 0-0)
146. U.S. Industrial Outlook, 1974, with Projections to 1980. U.S. Depart-
ment of Commerce, Domestic and International Business Administration.
October, 1973. (8)
147. Background Information for Proposed New-Source Performance Standards:
Steam Generators, Incinerators, Portland Cement Plants, Nitric Acid
Plants, Sulfuric Acid Plants. Office of Air Programs Technical Report
No. APTD-0711. August, 1971. (D
148. Environment Reporter, State Air Laws, Volume I and II. Bureau of
National Affairs, Inc. Washington, D.C. August, 1974. (4)
149. Murthy, Keshava S. Characterization of Sulfur Recovery in Oil and Natural
Gas Production (Final Report). EPA Contract No. 68-02-0611, Task Order
No. 7. August 28, 1974. (1)
143
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150. Genco, J.M., S.S. Tarn. Characterization of Sulfur from Refinery Fuel
Gas (Final Report). EPA Contract No. 68-02-0611, Task Order No. 4.
June 28, 1974. (1)
151. Hahn, A.V.G., R. Williams, Jr., H.W. Zabel. The Petrochemical Industry
Market and Economics. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1970. (10)
152. Screening Study for Background Information and Significant Emissions for
Gypsum Product Manufacturing. Process Research, Inc. EPA Contract No.
68-02-0242, Task 14. May, 1973. (2)
153. Sullivan, R.J. (Litton Systems, Inc.) Air Pollution Aspects of Odorous
Compounds. Contract No. PH-22-68-25. September, 1969. (1)
154. Air Pollution, Second Edition, Volume II, Analysis, Monitoring and
Surveying. Edited by A.C. Stern. Academic Press. 1968. (9,10)
155. 1963 Census of Manufacturers, Volume II, Industry Statistics, Part 1,
Major Groups 20 to 28. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. (8)
156. Air Pollution Control District, County of Los Angeles, Rules and Regula-
tions. January 7, 1971. (12)
157. 1967 Census of Mnaufacturers, Volume II, Industry Statistics, Part 1,
Major Groups 20 to 28. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. (8)
158. Preliminary Report 1972 Census of Manufacturers, Industry Series.
Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Commerce. (8)
159. Osag, T.R., F.L. Bunyard, G.B. Crane. State Guidelines for Standards
of Performance for Existing Phosphate Fertilizer Plants (Draft) EPA.
OAQPS. July, 1974. (2)
144
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160. Varner, B., P.A. Boys, W.F. Hamilton, G.B. Crane. State Guidelines
for Standards of Performance for Existing Primary Aluminum Plants
(Draft) EPA, OAQPS. August, 1974. (2)
161. Varner, B.A., G.B. Crane. State Guidelines for Standards of Performance
for Existing Sulfuric Acid Plants. EPA, OAQPS. June, 1974. (2)
162. Leonardos, G. A Critical Review of Regulations for the Control of Odors.
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. May,.1974. (11)
163. Brinkerhoff, Ronald J. Inventory of Intermediate-Size Incinerators in
the United States-1972. Pollution Engineering. November, 1973. (5)
164. Anderson, C.E. Chemical Control of Odors. Pollution Engineering.
August, 1972. (5)
165. Turk, A., R.C. Haring, R.W. Ckey. Odor Control Technology. Environ-
mental Science & Technology. July, 1972. (5)
166. U.S. Army Modernizes Munitions Plants. Environmental Sciences."* Technology.
Volume 6, Number 12. November, 1972. (5)
167. Bethea, R.M., B.N. Murthy, D.F. Carey. Odor Controls for Rendering Plants
Environmental Science & Technology. Volume 7, Number 6. June, 1973. (5)
168. Forsten, Irving. Pollution Abatement in a Munitions Plant. Environ-
mental Science & Technology. Volume 7, Number 9. September, 1973. (5)
169. DiGiacomo, J.D. New Approaches to the Design of Afterburners for Varnish
Cookers. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 23,
Number 4. April, 1973. (11)
170. VanDecar, C. Ted. Plywood Veneer Dryer Control Device. Journal of the
Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 22, Number 12. December, 1972.
145
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171. Ruse, D., J.C. Russel, R.E. Iverson. Air Pollution Abatement on Pri-
mary Aluminum Potlines: Effectiveness and Cost. Journal of the Air
Pollution Control Association. Volume 23, Number 2. February, 1973. (11)
172. Bethea, R.M. Solutions for Feedlot Odor Control Problems — A Critical
Review. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 22,
Number 10. October, 1972. (11)
173. Galeano, S.F., T.W. Tucker, L. Duncan. Determination of Sulfur Oxides
in the Flue Gases of the Pulping Processes. Journal of the Air Pol-
lution Control Association. Volume 22, Number 10. October, 1972. (11)
174. Tihansky, Dennis P. A Cost Analysis of Waste Management in the Steel
Industry. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 22,
Number 5. May,,1972. (11)
175.". Sableski, J.J., W.A. Cote. Air Pollutant Emissions from Apartment
House Incinerators. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
Volume 22, Number 4. April, 1972. (11)
176. First, M.W., W. Schilling, J.H. Govan, A.H. Quinby. Control of Odors
and Aerosols from Spent Grain Dryers. Journal of the Air Pollution
Control Association. Volume 24, Number 7. July, 1974. (11)
177. Friedrich, H.E. Air Pollution Control Practices -- Hot-Mix Asphalt
Paving Batch Plants. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
Volume 19, Number 12. December, 1969. (ID
178. Jones, K.H., J.F. Thomas, D.L. Brink. Control of Malodors from Kraft
Recovery Operations by Pyrolysis. Journal of the Air Pollution Control
Association. Volume 19, Number 7. July, 1969. (11)
146
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179. Feuss, J.V., F.B. Flower. State of the Art: Design of Apartment
House Incinerators. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
Volume 19, Number 3. March, 1969. (11)
180. Benjamin, M., I.B. Douglass, G.A. Hansen, W.D. Major, A.J. Navarre,
H.J. Yerger. A General Description of Commercial Wood Pulping and
Bleaching Processes. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
Volume 19, Number 3. March, 1969. (ID
181. Thimsen, D.J., P.W. Aften. A Proposed Design for Grain Elevator Dust
Collection. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 18,
Number 11. November, 1968. (ID
182. Douglass, Irwin B. Some Chemical Aspects of Kraft Odor Control. Journal
of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 18, Number 8. August,
1968. (ID
183. Moeller, W., K. Winkler. The Double Contact Process for Sulfuric Acid
Production. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 18,
Number 5. May, 1968. (ID
184. Henschen, H.C. Wet vs. Dry Gas Cleaning in the Steel Industry. Journal
of Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 18, Number 5. May, 1968. (ID
185. Wright, Robert J. Concepts of Electric Arc Furnace Fume Control. Journal
of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 18, Number 3. March,
1968. (ID
186. Benforado, D.M., J. Waitkus. Fume Control in Wire Enameling by Direct-
Flame Incineration. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
Volume 18, Number 4. January, 1968. (ID
147
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187. Walther, J.W., H.R. Amberg. A Positive Air Quality Control Program
at a New Kraft Mill. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
Volume 20, Number 1. January, 1970. (11)
188. Roberson, James E. The Effect of Odor Control on a Kraft Mill Energy
Balance. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 20,
Number 6. June, 1970. (11)
189. Fawcett, R.L. Air Pollution Potential of Phthalic Anhydride Manufacture.
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 20, Number 7.
July, 1970. (ID
190. Venturini, J.L. Operating Experience with a Large Baghouse in an Elec-
tric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Shop. Journal of the Air Pollution Control
Association. Volume 20, Number 12. December, 1970. dD
191. Semrau, Konrad T. Control of Sulfur Oxide Emissions from Primary
Copper, Lead and Zinc Smelters -- A Critical Review. Journal of the
Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 21, Number 4. April, 1971. (ID
192. Minnick, L. John. Control of Particulate Emissions from Lime Plants --
A Survey. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 21,
Number 4. April, 1971. (11)
193. Vandergrift, A.E., L.J. Shannon, E.E. Sallee, P.G. Gorman, W.R. Park.
Particulate Air Pollution in the United States. Journal of the Air
Pollution Control Association. Volume 21, Number 6. June, 1971. (ID
194. Cook, C.C., G.R. Swany, J.W. Colpitts. Operating Experience with the
Alcoa 398 Process for Fluoride Recovery. Journal of the Air Pollution
Control Association. Volume 21, Number 8. August, 1971. dD
148
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195. Stockham, John D. The Composition of Glass Furnace Emissions.
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Volume 21, Number 11.
November, 1971. (11)
196. Walther, J.E., H.R. Amberg, H. Hamby, III. Pollution Control Opera-
tions: Meeting New Pollution Requirements At a Paper Mill. Chemical
Engineering Progress. Volume 69« Number 6. June, 1973. (5)
197. Quane, D.E. Air Pollution Control Techniques: Reducing Air Pollution
At Pharmaceutical Plants. Chemical Engineering Progress. Volume 70,
Number 5. May, 1974. (5)
198. Cover, A.E., W.C. Schreiner, G.T. Skaperdas. Coal Gasification:
Kellogg1s Coal Gasification Process. Chemical Engineering Progress.
Volume 69, Number 3. March, 1973. (5)
199. lammartino, Nicholas R. Perked-Up Paper Industry is Facing More
Challenges. Chemical Engineering. July 9, 1973. (5)
200. Chopey, Nicholas P. Gas-From-Coal: An Update. Chemical Engineering.
March 4, 1974. (5)
201. larnmartino, Nicholas R. Cement's Changing Scene. Chemical Engineering.
June 24, 1974. (5)
202. Prescott, James H. FCC Regeneration Routes Boost Yields, Cut Energy.
Chemical Engineering. September 16, 1974 (5)
203. Shortages Ahead for Vinyl Acetate Users. Chemical and Engineering News.
March 4, 1974. (5)
149
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204. Fallwell, William F. Phenolic, Urea Resins-Demand Losing Steam.
Chemical and Engineering News. August 13, 1973. (5)
205. Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Capacity (Including Latex) Approaches 4.1
Billion Pounds. Chemical and Engineering News. September 22, 1969. (5)
206. Oxides of Ethylene, Propylene Face Trouble. Chemical and Engineering
News. May 21, 1973. (5)
207. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN)
are Utilizing about 80% of their Capacity. Chemical and Engineering
News. September 22, 1969. (5)
208. Ethylene: Growth Rate Down. Chemical and Engineering News. December 13,
1971. (5)
209. Man-made Fibers: On the Road to Recovery. Chemical and Engineering
News. May 31. 1971. (5)
210. Stobaugh, R.B., G.C. Ray, Ronald A. Spinke. Ethylene Oxide: How,
Where, Who -- Future. Hydrocarbon Processing. October, 1970. (5)
211. Leprince, Pierre. Synthetic Fiber Feedstocks. Hydrocarbon Process-
ing. July, 1971. (5)
212. A Systems Analysis Study of the Integrated Iron and Steel Industry
(Final Report). Battelle Memorial Institute. Contract No. PH 22-68-65.
May 15, 1969. (1)
213. Control and Disposal of Cotton-Ginning Wastes. National Center for Air
Pollution Control and Agricultural Engineering Research Division.
Public Health Service Publication No. 999-AP-31. May 3 and 4, 1966. (1)
150
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214. Technical Guide for Review and Evaluation of Compliance Schedules for
Air Pollution Sources. PEDCO-Environmental Specialists, Inc. EPA
Contract No. 68-02-0607. July, 1973. (1)
215. Minerals Yearbook. Bureau of the Mines, 1972. (4)
216. Air Pollution, Volume III, Second Edition. Stern. New York.
Academic Press. 1968. (9'10>
217. Mechanical Engineering Handbook, Marks, Lionel S., McGraw Hill Book
Company, 1972. (9,10)
218. Final Emission Tests Report, Hardee's Food Systems, Inc., Rocky Mount,
North Carolina. Commonwealth Laboratory. Project No. 74-238-01.
March 18, 1974. (2,6)
219. Roessler, W.U., A. Muraszew, R.D. Kopa. Assessment of the Applica-
bility of Automotive Emission Control. EPA Contract No. 650/2-74-051.
July, 1974. (1)
220. McGowin, Charles R. Stationary Internal Combustion Engines in the
United States. EPA Contract No. EHSD 71-45, Task No. 24. April, 1973. (D
221. Air Pollutant Emission Factors (Supplement). TRW Systems Group.
Contract No. CPA 22-69-119. August, 1970. (1)
222. Air Pollutant Emission Factors. TRW Systems Group. Contract No. CPA-
22-69-119. April, 1970. (1)
223. Air Pollution Aspects of Brass and Bronze Smelting and Refining Industry.
Brass and Bronze Ingot Institute and National Air Pollution Control
Administration. National Air Pollution Control Administration Publica-
tion No. AP-58. November, 1969. (D
151
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224. Electric Arc Steel Furnaces. Memo from Don R. Goodwin, Director Emissions
Standards and Engineering Division, EPA, to G.T. Helms, Acting Director
Air Programs Office, Region IV, EPA, November 25, 1974. (2)
225. Stationary Internal Combustion Engines. Memo from Stanley R. Cuffe,
EPA, to Robert L. Duprey, Chief Compliance Monitoring Branch, EPA,
October 3, 1974. (14)
226. Summary Guidelines on Best Available Control for Stationary Sources
of Particulate. EPA Industrial Studies Branch, EPA OAQPS, September 17,
1974. (13)
227. Steigerwald, B.J., H.B. Coughlin. EPA, OAQPS News Release - Performance
Standards for New and Modified Sources as They Affect the Petroleum
Industry. May 10, 1972. (2)
228. Screening Study for Background Information and Significant Emissions from
Fiber Glass Manufacturing. Vulcan-Cincinnati, Inc. EPA Contract No.
68-02-0299, Task Order No. 4. December 4, 1972. (D
229. Mathews, John C., George W. Weant, III, Jim J. Kearney. Screeninq
Study on the Justification of Developing New Source Performance Stan-
dards for Various Textile Processing Operations. EPA Contract No. 68-
02-0607-11, RTI No. 762-11. August, 1974. (1)
230. Anderson, David. Emission Factors for Trace Substances. EPA-450/2-73-
001. December, 1973. (1)
231. Air Pollution from Fuel Combustion in Stationary Sources. Processes
Research, Inc. EPA Contract No. CPA 70-1. (1)
152
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232. National Emissions Inventory of Sources and Emissions of Magnesium.
GCA Corporation. EPA Contract No. 68-02-9601. May, 1973. (1)
233. Robinson, J.M., G.I. Gruber, W.D. Lusk, M.J. Santy. Engineering and
Cost Effectiveness Study of Fluoride Emissions-Control, Volume.II
(Final Report). Contract No. EHSD 71-14. January, 1972. (1)
234. Robinson, J.M.. G.I. Gruber, W.D. Lusk, M.J. Santy. Engineering and
Cost Effectiveness Study of Fluoride Emissions Control, Volume I,
(Final Report). Contract Noi EHSD 71-14. January, 1972. (1)
235. Dowd, E.J. Air Pollution Control Engineering and Cost Study of the
Paint and Varnish Industry. Air Resources, Inc. Contract No. 68-02-
0259. June, 1974. (1)
236. Exhaust Gases from Combustion and Industrial Processes. Engineering
Science, Inc. EPA Contract No. EHSD 71-36. October 2, 1971.
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241. Background Information for Standards of Performance: Electric
submerged Arc Furnaces for Production of Ferroalloys Volume 2:
Test Data Summary. Emission Standards and Engineering Division. EPA
450/2-74-018b. October, 1974. (1)
242. Mason, H.B., A.B. Shimizu. Definition of the Maximum Stationary
Source Technology (MSST) Systems Program for N0¥. EPA Contract NO.
^
68-02-1318, Task No. 8. October, 1974.
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249. Final Report on Refuse Combustion in Fossil Fuel Steam Generators.
Battelle. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0611, Task No. 9. September 23, 1974.(1)
250. Background Information for Standards of Performance: Electric Arc
Furnaces in the Steel Industry, Volume I: Proposed Standards.
Emission Standards and Engineering Division. EPA-450/2-74-017a.
October, 1974. (1)
251. Background Information for Standards of Performance: Electric Arc
Furnaces in the Steel Industry, Volume 2: Test Data Summary.
Emission Standards and Engineering Division. EPA-450/2-74-017b.
October, 1974. (1)
252. Waste Material Trace Pollutant Study. Research Triangle Institute. EPA
Contract No. 68-02-1324, Task No. 10. November, 1974. (2)
253. Trace Pollutant Emissions from the Processing of Metallic Ores.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc. EPA Contract No. 68-02-1321,
Task No. 5. August, 1974. (2,6)
254. Emission Tests Report, Hardee's Food Systems, Inc., Rocky Mount,
North Carolina. Commonwealth Laboratory. Project No. 75-238-01.
November 20, 1974 (12)
255. Brochure on TEPCO Texas Electronic Precipitator Company. Garland, Texas. (1)
256. Development of Information for Standards of Performance for the
Fossil Fuel Conversion Industry (Final Report). Battelle. EPA
Contract No. 68-02-0611, Task No. 7. October 11, 1974. (1)
257. Development of Cost Data for Coal Gasificetion Processes and Emission
Control Systems (Final Report). Battelle. September 12, 1974. (l)
155
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258. Emissions from Processes Producing Clean Fuels. Booz-Allen Applied
Research. EPA Contract No. 68-02-1358. March, 1974. (6)
259. Evaluation of Coal Conversion Processes to Provide Clean Fuels.
(Final Report). The University of Michigan College of Engineering.
Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI 206-0-0. February, 1974. (6)
260. Evaluation of Coal Conversion Processes to Provide Clean Fuels, Part
II. Electric Power Research Institute. February, 1974. ^
261. Prioritization of Sources of Solvent Emissions from Surface Coating
Processes Excluding Architectural and Automotive Body Painting.
(Preliminary Draft). EPA , OAQPS. (3)
262. Telephone conversation with Mr. Alan Scheu, January 23, 1975. (Scheu
produces orchard heaters). (3)
263. Telephone conversation with Jim George, National Weather Service,
Lakeland, Florida; January 23, 1975 (3)
264. Telephone conversation with Ted Wakai, Air Pollution Control District,
County of Ventura, Ventura.California, January 23, 1975. (3)
265. Telephone conversation with Dr. John Gerber, University of Florida,
Dean of Dept. of Fruit Crop, Gainesville, Florida, January 23, 1975. (3)
266. Sewage Sludge Incineration. EPA Task Force. Office of Research and
Monitoring. March, 1972. (2)
267. Background Information on National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants -- Proposed Amendments to Standards for Asbestos and
Mercury. Publication No. EPA-450/2-74-009a. EPA. October, 1974. fl)
156
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268. Control of Air Pollution from Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Incinerators.
EPA. Office of Air Programs. May, 1972. (2)
269. Finkelstein, Harold. Preliminary Air Pollution Survey of Pesticides,
A Literature Review. EPA Contract No. PH 22-68-25. October, 1969. (2)
270. Hoar, William S. General and Comparative Physiology. Prentice-Hall,
Inc. 1966. (10)
271. Federal Register. Air Programs; Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources. March 8, 1974. Volume 39, Number 47-Part II.
272. System Analysis of Air Pollutant Emissions From the Chemical/Plastics
Industry. EPA-650/2-74-106. October 1974. Foster D. Snell, Inc.
273. Federal Register. Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources. December 23, 1971. Volume 3iS, Number ?47-Part II. (A)
274. Preliminary Air Pollution Survey of Hydroqen Sulfide. A Literature
Review. October 1969. Litton Systems, Inc. (1)
275. Preliminary Air Pollution Survey of Arsenic and its Compounds. A
Literature Review. October 1969. Litton Systems, Inc. (l)
276. Economics of Lead Removal in Selected Industries. Battelle, Columbus
Laboratories. August 31, 1973. (1)
277. Preferred Standards Path Analysis on Lead Emissions from Stationary
Sources. EPA. September 14, 1974. Vol. 1, 2, and 3. (2f)
278. Emission Study of Industrial Sources of Lead Air Pollutants, 1970.
W. E. Davis & Associates. EPA Contract No. 68-02-0271. April 1973. (1)
157
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279. Personal Correspondence, Iverson (Office of Control Technology, EPA)
to Jerome Ostrov (Attorney, Air Quality, Noise, and Radiation
Division, EPA) March 13, 1975. (12)
280. Control Techniques for Lead Emissions. George B. Crane. EPA
unpublished. January 1971. (2f)
281. Emissions from Cable Covering Facility. Midwest Research Institute.
EPA Contract No. 68-02-0228. June 26-28, 1973. (I)
158
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(/'lease rcaj laanicnons on the reverse before completing)
I RfPORI NO
EPA 450/3-76 - 019a
I
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Ranking the Input and Output Data Used to Determine
New Source Performance Standard Impacts
5 REPORT DATE
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
April 1977
7 AUTHOR(S)
Thomas G. Hopper
William A. Marrone
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
TRC - The Research Corporation of New England
125 Silas Deane Highway
Wethersfield, Connecticut 06109
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
2AC129
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-1382
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA-Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emission Standards and Engineering Division
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 7/74 - 7/76
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA - OAQPS
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer for this Report is
G. D. McCutchen, Mail Drop 13, Ext. 271
16 ABSTRACT
The purpose of this document is to present the results of a study to determine the
impact of new source performance standards on nationwide emissions. The work pre-
sented covers 14 potential pollutants from approximately 200 source categories for
the year 1985. The results are being used by EPA as input to the development of an
overall standard setting strategy. The report contains information regarding con-
trolled and uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limitations, industrial
capacity, utilization, growth and retirement rates. The results- of this study have
been published as three volumes which encompass ten separate documents. This docu-
ment contains the main text and Appendices A through C of Volume III.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution(
Air Pollution Control
Industrial Processes
Combustion
Regulations
Economic Factors
Priorities
Chemical
Industry
Paper
Industry
Petroleum
Industry
Metal
Industry
Agricultural
Mineral
Flyash
Exhaust
Gases
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19 SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
168
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22 PRICE,
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
159
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