Organic Chemical Manufacturing Volume 2: Process Sources

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/3-80-024
December 1980
Air
Organic Chemical
Manufacturing
Volume 2:  Process
Sources

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                                 EPA-450/3-80-024
Organic Chemical  Manufacturing
   Volume 2:  Process Sources
          Emission Standards and Engineering Division
          U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
             Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
          Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
          Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

                  December 1980

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                                       Ill
     This report was furnished to the  Environmental  Protection Agency  by  IT  Enviro-
     science,  9041  Executive  Park Drive,  Knoxville,  Tennessee  37923, in fulfillment
     of Contract No. 68-02-2577.   The  contents  of this  report  are  reproduced herein
     as received from IT Enviroscience.   The  opinions,  findings, and conclusions
     expressed are  those of the authors  and not necessarily those  of the  Environmen-
     tal Protection Agency.  Mention of  trade names  or  commercial  products is not
     intended to constitute endorsement  or recommendation for  use.  Copies of this
     report are available,  as supplies permit,  through  the Library Services  Office
     (MD-35),  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Research Triangle  Park,  North
     Carolina  27711, or from National Technical Information Services,  5285  Port
     Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
D124R

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                                CONTENTS
                                                            Page
1.    CARRIER GAS GENERIC STANDARD APPROACH                   1-i


2.    EMISSION PROJECTIONS FOR CARRIER GAS PRODUCING
     REACTIONS                                               2-i


3.    AIR OXIDATION EMISSION PROJECTIONS                      3-i

4.    VACUUM SYSTEM EMISSION PROJECTIONS                      4-i


5.    UPSET RELEASES                                          5-i

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                                      REPORT  1
                            THE GENERIC  STANDARD APPROACH
                                   J.  W.  Blackburn

                                  IT Enviroscience
                              9041 Executive  Park Drive
                             Knoxville,  Tennessee  37923
                                    Prepared for
                     Emission Standards  and Engineering Division
                    Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
                           ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                       Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina
                                     March 1981
D127G

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                              CONTENTS OF REPORT 1
THE GENERIC STANDARD APPROACH                                       1-1
A.  CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT                                             1-1
B.  STANDARD SUPPORT                                                1-2
C.  PROJECTION OF VOC EMISSIONS                                     1-3
    1.  Total Flow                                                  1-3
    2.  VOC Concentration                                           1-6

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                                          1-1
                          I.  THE GENERIC STANDARD APPROACH

A.   CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
     The synthetic organic chemicals industry is estimated to produce 350 to 400
     chemicals by about 600 processes.   For processes used to manufacture the same
     products, differences in the catalysts, reaction conditions,  separations,
     product purity, reactant type and purity,  types of storage,  waste treatment,
     and company process design philosophy all affect the specific design,  perfor-
     mance, and emissions at the individual production site.

     The standard approach to the control of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the
     organic chemicals industry consists of identification of the major emission-pro-
     ducing processes and generation of industry-wide regulations for manufacturers
     of specific products, e.g., VOC regulations for manufacturers of formaldehyde,
     acrylic acid, and others.  This is the standard approach normally required by
     EPA for the collection of emission and control-device performance data to
     generate support documents for VOC New Source Performance Standards (NSPS).  In
     this approach the major advantages are that the emission sources common to all
     manufacturers of that product are highlighted and investigated.  Data from this
     effort allow the regulatory agency to estimate the volume and composition of
     the emissions from plants producing a common chemical and to estimate the cost
     effectiveness of various control devices on that common emission.

     Unfortunately, the many plant-to-plant variations that exist can still cause
     significant variations in the organic emissions of existing plants.  Some 400
     to 600 product regulations would be necessary to completely cover the industry,
     and sensitive data are required to assure that the regulation applies to all
     the manufacturers of a specific product.  If regulations could be developed for
     existing products, more of them would be needed for the steady stream of new
     products; also, technology changes in the forthcoming years would make many of
     these current product standards obsolete.

     The growing realization that it is impossible to apply the normal product
     standard approach to regulating process emissions from SOCMI substantiates the
     belief that the generic approach is the only approach that is applicable and
     sustainable.  The starting point for this study is that the generic approach

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                                         1-2
     has been accepted as the only logical procedure for developing regulations for
     fugitive emissions or for storage.   Industry study reports have been issued
     that establish a basis for these regulations,  based on the equipment,  the
     operating conditions, and the physical properties of the chemicals involved.
     To generate generic process-emission standards, a procedure is developed that
     relates unit processes,  unit operations,  and physical properties consistent
     with the approach used for fugitive and storage emissions.

     In this study the applicability of a generic regulatory approach to unit proc-
     esses (reactions) and to unit operations  is investigated.   Priorities  were
     determined by use of established survey and ranking data to identify the unit
     processes and unit operations associated with the greatest emissions.   The
     survey and ranking program established that 140 compounds  account for  an esti-
     mated 86% of the SOCMI VOC emissions and identified the unit processes and unit
     operations associated with the production of each compound.

B.   STANDARD SUPPORT
     The generic standard methodology is comprised of three parts.  The first part
     consists of projecting the emissions involved through establishing the VOC
     emission range to be expected and defining the method that will best estimate
     the ranges of total flow and VOC concentration for the particular process group
     being considered (i.e.,  air-oxidation processes, vacuum systems).  Maximum and
     minimum flow and VOC concentrations are established.  Therefore since  all
     possible emissions from the concerned generic grouping are described,  the most
     appropriate control method or methods can be identified.  It is important to
     mention that the emission projection is not intended to be an exact predictive
     method for forecasting emission data.  Although this would be desirable, it is
     sufficient for the emission projection to generate data for a reasonable range
     of flow and composition.  This range then allows application of the control-
     device evaluation and costs to determine the corresponding range of cost and
     energy impacts that will cover the reasonable scope of emissions in SOCMI.

     The second part of the generic standard methodology consists of an evaluation
     of applicable control devices.  An assessment must be made of the applicability
     of the control device to the emission ranges concerned.  The control-device

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                                     1-3
design criteria must be established,  and the emission variables  having signifi-
cant impact on control device design  must be identified.   This will  lead to  a
set of specific designs,  utilizing the proper design equations and procedures,
that will adequately represent the application of the control device to the
control of VOC emissions  within the specified emission ranges.   Control-device
capital costs and operating costs are generated for various key  flows and com-
positions.  Control-device evaluation reports have been prepared for the EPA on
thermal oxidizers, high-temperature thermal oxidizers, catalytic oxidizers,
carbon adsorbers, absorbers, condensers, and flares and the use  of emissions as
fuel in which the technical and economic applicability of each  control device
to various organic emissions is assessed.

The third part of the methodology consists of an impact assessment.   The cost
and energy effectiveness  must be determined for each control device evaluated
over the appropriate range of flows and composition based on information from
the emission projection and control device evaluation reports.

Knowledge of the emission range control technology and costs of control will
lead to the development of an optimal standard for each generic area.

PROJECTION OF VOC EMISSIONS

Total Flow
To satisfy the first part of the generic standard support approach, methods
must be defined to estimate the emissions total flow and VOC concentration
range (thereby the total VOC flow) for the generic area being developed.  In
order to accomplish this, a common factor between most air emissions  is sought.
In this study it is assumed that an organic air emission can result  from chemi-
cal process equipment if a gas is purged from the equipment into  the  atmosphere
and if the gas contacts liquid or solid organics within the equipment.  This
gas is called the carrier gas, which  is defined as an organic or  inorganic
compound that exists as a vapor or gas at the temperatures and  pressures
existing at the emission point.  If a chemical process vessel does  not generate
a carrier gas, it cannot have an organic emission.   (This  analysis  does not

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                                         1-4
     include air emissions arising from liquid- or solid-waste streams such as some
     fugitive or secondary emissions.   In some fugitive emissions,  leaking liquids
     or solids evaporate to generate an organic emission.   In some  secondary emis-
     sions, liquid or solid streams are exposed to the atmosphere and the organics
     evaporate, generating organic emissions.)

     The assumption in the preceding paragraph allows chemical processes to be
     classified and ranked through an analysis of the possibility that each process
     will generate a carrier gas.   Chemical reactions generate carrier gases because
     of the reactions themselves and because of mechanisms unrelated to the reac-
     tion.

a.   Reaction-Related Carrier Gases	Chemical reactions generate carrier gases in
     several ways.  The reactants  for a specific reaction may contain gaseous
     impurities or may have an excess amount of a gaseous reactant  for that parti-
     cular reaction.  A product or by-product from a reaction can also be a poten-
     tial carrier gas.

     In every case two additional  conditions must be satisfied for  a potential
     carrier gas to actually be emitted from the equipment:  the potential carrier
     gases must not disappear as a result of reacting to nongaseous chemicals before
     being emitted and they must not have a net change in physical  state from gases
     to liquids or become adsorbed on solids.  In other words once  gases are formed
     or introduced in the equipment, they must remain gases up to the point of dis-
     charge or be stripped or desorbed from any liquids or solids at the point of
     discharge.  For example, carbon dioxide may be generated in an oxidation reac-
     tion but if it is scrubbed in a caustic scrubber, much of it can be converted
     to nongaseous inorganic carbonates and thus prevent an emission.  Some organic
     compounds with normal boiling points greater than the ambient  temperature may
     exist as gases inside the chemical equipment but are normally condensed before
     being emitted.  These compounds are not carrier gases.

b.   Nonreaction-Related Carrier Gases	Potential carrier gases are introduced into
     chemical process equipment for reasons unrelated to reactions; one reason is to
     control the physical conditions (temperature, pressure) in process equipment,
     another is to control the chemical atmosphere in process equipment, and the
     third one is uncontrolled leakage into equipment under reduced pressure.

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                                    1-5
Gases used to control physical conditions	Gases such as air,  N2/  C02,  and
others are sometimes introduced into process equipment to cause cooling,  heat-
ing, or elevated pressures or to control the pressure of vacuum systems.   For
processes operating under high pressure the amount of gases introduced can be
significent.  Slightly elevated pressures may be required for control of fluid
flow or for transfer operations.  Ultimately, gases used to achieve elevated
pressures are released as potential carrier gases when the process  streams
return to atmospheric pressure at the end of the process train.  This may be a
continuous emission in continuous equipment or a periodic emission  in batch or
continuous equipment.  Unexpected depressurization results in an upset emis-
sion.

Gases used to control the chemical atmosphere	Sometimes flammable or reactive
chemicals are handled in chemical equipment, often requiring that the gaseous
atmosphere in the equipment be controlled so as to prevent detonation, deflagra-
tion, or decomposition.  Inert gases (gases that do not react under the condi-
tions in the equipment being used) or organic gases are used to ensure that
detonation, deflagration, or decomposition does not occur.  Inert gases can
also be used to sweep away gaseous reaction by-products that cause  corrosion,
decreased reaction rates, or other deleterious effects on the equipment per-
formance .

Gases resulting from leakage because of reduced pressure	The two  preceding
cases (gases introduced to control conditions and the chemical atmosphere) are
usually under some control by the plant designers or operating personnel.
However, this case of leaks introducing gases into vessels under vacuum is
largely beyond the control of plant personnel.  This carrier gas results from
air leaking into vacuum equipment through small seal imperfections  and discon-
tinuities caused by a pressure drop between the environment and the vacuum.
Air that leaks into the equipment is normally emitted from the vacuum devices
as a carrier gas.

Sources with Multiple Types of Carrier Gases	All chemical processes can be
analyzed in terms of the gas sources mentioned above.  Very few chemical proc-
esses generate carrier gases from only one mechanism.  However, sometimes  one
mechanism from a source will override all the other mechanisms.  Air-oxidation

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                                          1-6
     processes, for instance, generate carrier gases because of the inert nitrogen
     and unreacted oxygen introduced with the air,  the carbon monoxide,  and the car-
     bon dioxide generated in the reaction.   Some vapor-phase air oxidations also
     generate vapor-phase organic products that are potential carrier gases.  With
     some air oxidations an inert gas is used for control of the reaction conditions
     or of the chemical atmosphere.

     This one type of reaction,  air  oxidation, can generate carrier gases from a
     variety of mechanisms, but  the  overriding mechanism of emission formation is
     the inert nitrogen fed in the air as an impurity.  Since the nitrogen is a
     function of the reaction stoichiometry, the range of carrier gas flow and ulti-
     mately the VOC emission can be  projected.  On the other hand in vacuum equip-
     ment the major carrier gas  is largely generated by the leakage of air into the
     equipment although carrier  gases can arise from the control of pressure, tem-
     perature, or chemical atmosphere or from reactions.  Specific generic standard
     reports have been prepared  that illustrate emission projection for both air-
     oxidation processes (a reaction-based approach) and vacuum systems (a nonreac-
     tion-based approach).  These reports are contained in this volume.

     Sometimes organic emissions arise when a process upset or runaway reaction
     causes a rapid buildup of carrier gas,  which is released for safety reasons.
     These upset releases arise  from the mechanisms mentioned above.  Liquids that
     volatilize more rapidly than they can be condensed or stored in existing equip-
     ment can create an organic  carrier gas from a chemical that is normally a
     liquid at atmospheric conditions.  For example, a reactor with, say, liquid
     benzene could experience a  rapid increase in temperature or decrease in pres-
     sure, causing the benzene to boil inside the equipment.  This benzene vapor
     could become a carrier gas  if insufficient cooling capacity existed before the
     emission was discharged. Benzene vapor could escape through equipment vents as
     a carrier gas and immediately dissipate in the atmosphere before it would be
     able to condense.  A separate report on upset releases is included in this
     volume.

2.   VOC Concentration
     The concentration of VOC in the emission must be estimated in order to  calcu-
     late the total amount of VOC emitted.  It is difficult to generalize about  this

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                                    1-7
concentration.  If the carrier gas flow is much larger than the VOC flow can
possibly be, a maximum can be set on the VOC concentration.  For example,  air-
oxidation processes generate so much carrier gas that even if the entire plant
chemical production was VOC, the VOC concentration would be less than 5 mole %.
In this special case VOC emissions are likely to be very large, whereas the VOC
concentration will be very small.  In other cases the chemicals being processed
must be known in order for the VOC concentration to be calculated.

When the VOC normal boiling points are greater than the ambient temperature
(organics that are liquids or solids at normal conditions) and the chemicals
are known, the VOC content can be estimated by assuming saturation at the emis-
sion temperature.  Although this will normally be a high estimate, it is suffi-
cient to yield a VOC emission range and therefore enable control devices to be
selected and cost estimates to be developed.  If the normal boiling point of
the VOC is less than the ambient temperature, then the VOC itself can be an
organic carrier gas and can be the overriding VOC contributor  for that emis-
sion.  VOC for this case can be estimated from the techniques  given in the
report in this volume entitled Emission Projections for Carrier-Gas-Producing
Reactions.

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                                         2-i
                                     REPORT 2


              EMISSION  PROJECTIONS FOR CARRIER-GAS-PRODUCING REACTIONS

                                  J. W. Blackburn

                                 IT Enviroscience
                              9041 Executive Park Drive
                             Knoxville, Tennessee  37923
                                    Prepared for
                     Emission Standards  and Engineering Division
                    Office  of Air Quality Planning and Standards
                           Environmental Protection Agency
                       Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina
                                     March 1981
D127A

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                                         2-iii
                                 CONTENTS  OF  REPORT 2
  I.   THE GENERIC STANDARD APPROACH                                         1-1
 II.   CARRIER-GAS-GENERATING PROCESSES IN THE SYNTHETIC ORGANIC            II-l
      CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
III.   EMISSIONS                                                           III-l
      A.   Introduction                                                   III-l
      B.   Carrier Gasses	Estimation of Total Flow                      III-l
      C.   VOC Concentration                                              111-28
 IV.   CHLORINATION REACTIONS                                               IV-1
      A.   Estimation of Total Flow                                        IV-1
      B.   Estimation of VOC                                               IV-11
      C.   Actual Chlorination Reaction Emissions                          IV-12
  V.   CONTROL OPTIONS FOR CHLORINATION REACTORS                             V-l
      A.   In-Process Control                                               V-l
      B.   Add-On Controls                                                  V-3
 VI.   REFERENCES                                                           VI-1
                                APPENDICES OF REPORT 2

A.    PRODUCTS ORGANIZED BY UNIT PROCESSES                                 A-l
B.    EPA INFORMATION SOURCES                                              B-l
C.    PRODUCTS ORGANIZED BY CARRIER GASES                                  C-l
D.    SAMPLE CALCULATIONS                                                  D-l

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                                          2-v


                                  TABLES OF REPORT 2

Number
 II-l   Unit Process Used to Manufacture Organic Chemicals                 II-2
 II-2   VOC Emissions from Major Unit Processes                            11-10
 II-3   VOC Emissions from Reactions                                       11-14
III-l   Classification of Inorganic Carrier Gases                         III-2
III-2   Organic Compounds Likely To Be Carrier Gases                      III-5
III-3   Reaction-Reactant-Related Carrier Gases                           III-7
III-4   Reaction-Product-Related Carrier Gases                            111-15
III-5   Carrier Gases from Dissolved Gases in Organic Liquids             111-24
III-6   Carrier Gases from Gases Dissolved in Water Feed                  111-25
III-7   Gas Flow from Chemical Decomposition                              111-27
III-8   Flammability Envelope Inert-Gas Concentration                     111-30
III-9   Flammability Range of Inert-Gas Flow                              111-31
 IV-1   Products That Use Chlorination Reactions                           IV-2
 IV-2   Ratios of Carrier Gases to Chlorination Products                   IV-3
 IV-3   Variables for Estimating VOC Emissions from Chlorination           IV-7
        Reactions
 IV-4   Projected Uncontrolled VOC Emissions from Chlorination Reactors    IV-9
 IV-5   VOC Emissions from Chlorination Reactors                           IV-13
  V-l   Possible Control Devices for Emissions from Chlorination Reactors   V-2
  A-l   Products Organized by Unit Processes                                A-3
  C-l   Various Reactant Carrier Gases                                      C-3
  C-2   Various Product Carrier Gases                                       C-15
                                   FIGURES OF  REPORT 2

  II-l   Actual VOC Reaction Emission Data                                 11-13
 III-l   Organic  Compound  Boiling Points                                   III-4
 III-2   Saturation Concentration of Specific  VOC  in Gas                   111-29

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                                     1-1
                     I.   THE GENERIC STANDARD APPROACH

For a discussion of the  basis for the generic standard concept see Report 1
in this volume entitled  The Generic Standard Approach. The reader is advised to
read this report since the concept and essential terminology are explained
therein.

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                                    II-l
               II.  CARRIER-GAS-GENERATING PROCESSES IN THE
            SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

The synthetic organic chemicals industry is comprised of a wide variety of unit
processes.  Table II-l gives the relative VOC emission ranking developed by IT
Enviroscience for 140 different chemicals manufactured in the industry.  This
ranking is based on the total VOC emissions from storage, fugitive,  secondary,
and process emissions, as well as on an estimate of the severity of the VOC
being emitted from the standpoint of quantity and toxicology.  In addition the
process emission can arise from all process operations-reactions, distilla-
tions, crystallizations, etc.  This ranking was used to target 64 products and
97 processes that have been specifically addressed in 39 product reports pre-
pared as part of this program.  These reports cover over 85% of the VOC emis-
sions initially projected for 1982.  Further discussion of this ranking may be
found in Appendix B of Volume 1.

Table II-l also presents a ranked listing of products and the unit processes or
reactions used to manufacture them.  More than one process can be used to
manufacture a product and more than one type of reaction can be used.  For
example, ethylene dichloride can be manufactured by either the oxychlorination
or the direct chlorination process.  In the production of methyl methacrylate a
series of different reactions are used to convert the reactants to methyl
methacrylate.  The first reaction in a series for a particular product is
designated "A" and the next "B."  More than one "A" for a product indicates
that the product is made by more than one unit process, but was not assigned
additional processes.  The unit processes (reactions) identified in the table
are based on a rather specific classification of processes.  For instance, oxy-
acetylation, oxychlorination, and ammoxidation are listed but are all special
cases of oxidation.  The specificity is required because the actual reaction
chemistry and stoichiometry are often needed to develop emission projections.

Table II-2 is a compilation of the major unit processes and their total 1982
estimated production and emissions as developed in the ranking process men-
tioned above.  Products that make up the unit processes are grouped and shown
in Appendix A.

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Table II-l. Unit Processes

Used for the
Manufacture of 140
Synthetic Organic
Chemicals '
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-------




Table II-l. (continued)





Product Process
30. CHlKOP1i£»E 1001 »!A WTAirlENE
31. dKTL LEADS 5! ELECTROLYSIS
31. ALIOTl. LEADS «I ETH1L CW.ORIK
32. ACETWE 49Z ClUtK
32. ACETONE 31Z IStHttPANO.
33. ETHYL M.OPIOE 4Z ETWMX/ETIwe
13. ETKYI CRW1DE HI ETHTUXE DiOMMTlOII
34. rnttNOUWIKS 1001 ETHTUNE OXIK
H. mm. WHATE iiM) in ACETYUHE w«» PHASE
J5. Vim. ACETATE  72Z [THTLDS WTO1 PH6SE
35. VINYl ACETATE (Ml 152 ETHTIDC UOUtB P*S£
34. ICTHTUK DUKIK 331 ICTHMC CHLKHATIOII
It. CWYIEK CH.OSIK 451 KETHAWl/ltTHYi. W-OtltC
P. 1.3 Bt'ADiE* WZ Emm* CtWOMT
37. 1.3 IUTA8IEK I3Z H-WTAIC
37. 1.3 BUTUIDK 71 H-WTEIC
31. VimiDEIC CHWIDE 501 1.1,1 TKIOLKOETimDC
31. VIIITLIKIC OURIK 501 1.1,2 nUCUKXTmOC
B. TaUENC HIStKtAMTE UP!) 1«I tlMIHOTOLdT*
w. ouKOfOM til icnwc CAAHMTIOU
40. OIWWMW 3«Z ICTHANL OtWIHTION
41. PKTHALIC MMmUK »I WTWiDS
41. WTWIIC AKKTM1K 70Z O-XTLEHE
42. isnwonsia (isvwri mcattn 100: psofaEW/sxrwic «cit
43. ACETIC WWTWIK 1001 ACHK KID
44. ftrCERtt. (SYNTHETIC 0*ri 141 WKJLEIK
44. BKCEHOl. ISYKTHfTIC CWli 15! ALLYL AtCOHOL
44. GLYCEKL (SnCHtTIC D*n 711 EPICHLOROmMIK
«5. "ITtCf€IO(. ICO! fWHOL itlTSAIIO"





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-------

Table II-l. (continued)

product Proc«M
44. CYClOttXA* MI KOSX. KYIMSHAUW
«4. CltLOfUK !4I PETMLBH IKTIIUTIW
47. HSPtCML It 1001 FXMUtaiUf
48. CEU.ll.Mf ACETATE 1»W CHilUK BTEMFICATIOH
47. CtfCOLACTM 1001 CTaaCIWOt
50. PE»TAE»YT)*ITOL ' 1001 FOWLI0me/A(IT»t.»f«
51. MWYl PHEW. 100Z PICO. Njnu'IW
52. ACmailK 1»OZ IWrUMIISM
53. HETHtiEK. TmnimBe areas loot OWMUCTS vmnx area.
54. FUWIIC ACID lOOt MLEIC ACUVISOf»I7ATIW
55. PHPYUK areas iwni.ti.ni) 1001 PMRIBC OIK munm
s«. EPtCHU*am»iii ion tun cnwiBtym
57. «Un QLOUBE 1001 PSOPTLDe OUK1MTIIW
58. Miranneiii/wiM uz tatruMiTiiu
58. MHPWITliIL£/H(M 241 MIPIC »CH
58. MIPWITIIIII/WM 451 KITMIEX
57. TBiotDwrmnDt n WTTLEK
St. mcnoKirmruie fii rraruie HOUKIK
M. irraa ISOWTYI KETONE («*) tool «TM
41. PTIItlK 1001 F!WtMJO
-------

Table II-l. (continued)

Product rrocesa
69. DIHITROTOLUCKE 100Z T3LUEie PlftinteTIO*
70. SK-JUTiW-JL 100Z WTYLE*S
71. UHEAS SLKT-L &E»ZE« 1001 KUlDf. «.KYUTI»
72. (OOLEIK 100Z P80PYLEKE OXIMTIOH
73. UPHOnUMNE IOOZ MIUK MHIMTKM
74. HETHYL STYRENE 15Z CUMEKt KHYWOKWUIOM
74. KTHYL STYREKE 851 CUKE* FKOKSS SY-fSOWCT
75. ETHYLEKE [IMIIKE/THETHYIENE TETSMHUE 100Z EJC MHOfOLYSlS
76. ETHYL ftCSYUTE 611 dCEPfLEIS !R£PP£I
74. ETHYL (OYLATE 37Z DIRECT ESTESflMTIW
77. KETHYL CHLORIIi 21 KTHUKE CAfflilWITIOK
77. STHYl M.WIDC ?8Z nETWUM. HYKOCHLOKWA7IOK
78. It '"'EM tlPHEKYLE* DIISOCYAWTE 1001 DP«ft/PICS6£«
7?. K-WTm«.;tHYDE 100Z 0«0 PROCESS
80. NITROAHILIKE 100Z HITiiO CHLOKKK71NE
81. «££TOPHE)IOKE 6CZ OlfX PEMXIB*T!0«
81. MXTOPHEJWIE UZ ETHYL BUZUE OXIMTIIW
82. ISOPHTHM.IC ACID 100Z K-XYLEJK OXIMTION
83. KKMIC DCIB IMZ TOLUQC SID OXIMTIOH
84. tUSOOCTYL WTWtLATE (DI2-ETHYLHCXYL) 10CZ PHTHAlIC (WMYtSIDE/ALCOHOL
K. 2-ETHYl 1-HEXAWL 100Z CW»(S«TI(W
86. K-IUTAM1L (KJTTL ALCOHOL ) 20Z MXTAUXHTK
86. IHIUTAML (NJTYL H.WW.I 801 HO PROCESS
87. PWIOKIC Kit 71 OTHFRS
87. PKOflOHIC «CHi 93Z 0X0 PROCESS
SS. ETHYL HCETA^E 100Z ACETIC Kit
B». ETHYUNE tlSRWu'E 1001 ETHTLE* MMHWTIW
90. dCtTCDS CY.'.lWrWIII 1001 OCETCWE CYM«TIO«
91. KK2YL CH.OHDE 1001 ICLIiTljE CHLOHMTIGII

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