United Sl^tas Office of Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection 401 M Street, SW
Agency Washington, D.C. 20460
Toxic Substances
OTS Manual for July 29,1981
Preparing Documents
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TRANSMITTAL
of
' Toxic
Substances
2220.1
July 29, 1981
PUBLICATION AND COMMUNICATION MATERIALS: STYLE, FORMAT,
AND EDITORIAL POLICY REVIEW
MATERIAL TRANSMITTED:
OTS Manual for Preparing Documents OTS Manual 2220.1
MATERIAL SUPERSEDED OR CANCELLED:
This revised manual supersedes the draft Manual for Preparing
OTS Documents.
FILING INSTRUCTIONS:
File the attached material in a three-ring binder in the
classification code shown. Post receipt on the checklist.
Distribution: OTS-wide Initiated by: ISSB/MSD
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CONTENTS
Page
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
PURPOSE
POLICY
BACKGROUND
OBJECTIVES
APPLICABILITY
DISCLAIMERS FOR OTS REPORTS . .
6.1 In-house Reports
6.2 Intramural Reports
OTS DOCUMENT REVIEW OF PUBLICATION
PROCEDURES
1.2 EPA Report Number
7.4 Review Cover Sheet
7.5 Confidential Business Information (CBI) ....
7.6 Federal Register Notice Availability
PRINTING PROCEDURES
8.1 IAO and the Printing Contract
3.2 Covers
8.3 TSCA Chemical Assessment Series
8.4 Toxics Information Integration Series
8.5 Cover Colors
8.6 IAO Checklist for Printing
HOW TO DOCUMENT SOURCES OF INFORMATION ,
9.1 Copyright
9.2 Limitations to Exclusive Rights: Fair Use . .
9.3 Alternatives to Using Copyrighted Material . . .
9.4 When To Give Acknowledgment
1
1
1
1
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3
3
3
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
8
8
8
9
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10
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9.5 When Not To Give Acknowledgment 13
9.6 Using Copyrighted Material 13
10 REFERENCES 16
10.1 General Rules 16
10.2 Citations in the Text 18
10.3 Abbreviations Acceptable for Use in
References 18
10.4 Model Reference Formats 19
10.5 Books
10.6 Books Better Known by Their Titles 20
10.7 Computer Printouts 20
10.8 Conferences, Proceedings, and Symposiums
(Published and Unpublished) 20
10.9 Congressional Documents 21
10.10 Contractor Reports 21
10.11 Data Sheet 21
10.12 Federal Agency as Author 21
10.13 Federal Agency as Publisher 22
10.14 Federal Register 22
10.15 Fiche 23
10.16 Journal Articles and Monographs 23
10.17 Manufacturers' Literature 24
10.18 Memorandums and Letters 24
10.19 Patents 25
10.20 Report Series 25
10.21 Secondary References 25
10.22 Submissions Under TSCA 25
10.23 Thesis 26
10.24 Translations 26
11 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON STYLE 27
11.1 Metric Units of Measure 28
11.2 Abbreviations and Symbols 28
11.3 Trade and Manufacturers' Name 29
12 STANDARD COMPONENTS IS A DOCUMENT 30
12.1 Front Matter 30
12.2 Text 31
12.3 Back Matter 32
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13 FORMAT SPECIFICATIONS FOR DRAFT AND FINAL
DRAFT REPORTS 33
13.1 Typing 33
13.2 . Page Numbering 33
13.3 Order of Headings 34
13.4 Footnotes 34
13.5 Lists 34
13.6 Mathematical and Chemical Formulas 35
14 FIGURES 36
Sample Figures 38
15 TABLES 39
Sample Table 41
16 SAMPLE TITLE PAGE 42
17 SAMPLE OTS FORMS 43
17.1 OTS Document Clearance Form 43
17.2 Instructions for Completing OTS
Clearance Forms 44
17.3 Report Documentation Page 46
17.4 Instructions for Completing the Report
Documentation Page 46
17.5 Review Cover Sheet 47
17.6 Review Cover Sheet Instructions 48
17.7 Sample Permission Form, Journal 49
17.8 Sample Permission Form, Book 49
17.9 Directions for Preparing OTS Copyright
Permission Forms 50
17.10 Sample Receipt of Manuscript for
Printing 51
17.11 Translation Service Request 51
18 ADDITIONAL STYLE AIDS FOR AUTHORS 52
18.1 Abbreviations and Symbols Used in
CAS Publications 52
18.2 Abbrevistions for States and Territories
in the United States 53
18.3 Proofreader's Marks 53
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PUBLICATION AND COMMUNICATION MATERIALS: STYLE, FORMAT,
AND EDITORIAL POLICY REVIEW
1 PURPOSE
Technical reports in a regulatory agency must maintain a
high level of standardization in style, format, and reference
citation in order to be of use to regulatory and scientific
communities.
2 POLICY
The OTS Manual for Preparing Documents and EPA's Scientific
and Technical Publications manual are the standards to be used
for preparing documents in the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS).
The procedures described in this manual apply to all documents
prepared and printed as a result of OTS's intra- and extramural
scientific activities. The Industry Assistance Office (IAO) in
OTS holds the program's printing contract. Authors and project
officers are responsible for delivering complete packages of
camera-ready copy to IAO. Assistance in using this manual is
available to authors and contractors in the OPTS Publications
Office, Information Services Support Branch (ISSB), Management
Support Division (MSD).
3 BACKGROUND
This manual describes review procedures for final draft
documents; guidelines for writing documents, ranging from first
draft to camera-ready final copy; the OTS reference style; and
traditional elements in documents. The clearance, review,
copyright, and other forms required by this manual (see section
17) are available from branch -secretaries.
4 OBJECTIVES
Use of the OTS and EPA manuals will ensure that reports,
speeches, journal articles, and proceedings and conference papers
are prepared and printed in a correct, uniform, and
cost-effective manner.
5 APPLICABILITY
This manual is to be used by project officers and other
personnel, contractors, and other organizations in preparing
documents for the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in the Office
of Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPTS).
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The following statement should appear in all OTS interagency
or contract agreements:
The final report will conform to the
OTS Manual for Preparing Documents.
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DISCLAIMERS FOR OTS REPORTS
6 DISCLAIMERS FOR OTS REPORTS
6.1 IN-HOUSE REPORTS
Draft Reports. As a result of provisions contained in the
Freedom of Information Act and OTS's commitment to public
participation, draft copies of OTS reports are often distributed
outside the Agency. To prevent misinterpretation of their
contents, the following notice must appear on a separate page,
preceding the acknowledgment, in all draft documents.
This document is a preliminary draft. It has
not been released formally by the Office of
Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. It is being circulated for
comments on its technical merit and policy
implications.
Final Reports. All final reports must contain one of the
following disclaimer notices on the reverse side of the title
page.
This document has been reviewed and approved
for publication by the Office of Toxic
Substances, Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The use of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute Agency endorse-
ment or recommendation for use.
6.2 EXTRAMURAL REPORTS
This report was prepared under contract to an
agency of the United States Government.
Neither the United States Government nor any
of its employees, contractors, subcontrac-
tors, or their employees makes any warranty,
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expressed or implied, or assumes any legal
liability or responsibility for any third
party's use or the results of such use of any
information, apparatus, product, or process
disclosed in this report, or represents that
its use by such third party would not
infringe on privately owned rights.
Publication of the data in this document does
not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the joint or separate views and
policies of each sponsoring agency. Mention
of trade names or commercial products does
not constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.
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2220.1
OTS DOCUMENT REVIEW AND PUBLICATION PROCEDURES
Before a report can be printed by EPA or a contractor, the
author or project officer must complete an OTS Document Clearance
Form, receive an EPA Report Number from the OPTS Publications
Office in the Information Support Service Branch (ISSB), and
complete the Report Documentation Page. (See the EPA Scientific
and Technical Publications manual for additional details.)
Samples of the forms required by OTS appear in this manual
in section 17.
7 OTS REVIEW AND PUBLICATION PROCEDURES
7.1 DOCUMENT CLEARANCE FORM
The OTS Document Clearance Form is to be completed by
authors or other originators of documents (see instructions
following the sample). The form ensures adequate preparation and
peer review of documents at the final draft stage.
The form also must be completed for any speeches and
conference papers prepared for audiences outside EPA.
The original form and a manuscript copy of the final report
are to be delivered to the Publications Office in ISSB for
placement in the OPTS Report File.
7.2 EPA REPORT NUMBER
The OPTS Publications Office assigns an EPA Report Number to
each final OTS document. The Report Number assures that a
document is properly identified for reference and filing
purposes, that it will be cited in the EPA Publications
Bibliography, and that it can be flagged for submission to NTIS.*
*The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) of the U.S.
Department of Commerce announces the availability of and sells
technical documents produced by the Federal Government.
Documents are available in paper and microfiche form. See p. 9
for information about submitting reports to NTIS.
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A copy of all final documents and their completed Document
Clearance Forms will be kept on file in the Publications Office.
All changes (errata and addenda) in documents printed and/or
listed with NTIS must bear the same EPA number and issuance date
that appear on the original document.
7.3 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
A Report Documentation Page (Optional Form 272, Department
of Commerce) is to be completed and inserted by the author or
project officer as the last page of a final document. It
replaces the Technical Data Sheet. The form is available from
branch secretaries (see p. 46 of this manual).
Note the following additional instructions for filling out
the form: you do not need to answer items 17b and 17c. For item
17b, use the DDC Retrieval and Indexing Terminology, Environ-
mental/Chemical Thesaurus,and/orEnvironmental Microthesaurul;
manuals to determine descriptors. These manuals are available in
the Technical Information Center (TIC). For item 21, count all
pages, including cover, introductory pages, Report Documentation
Page, mailer, etc., to get a correct page count. See section
17.4 of this manual for additional directions.
7.4 REVIEW COVER SHEET
The author fills out items 1 through 8 of the Review Cover
Sheet (see p. 47) and sends a copy of it, along with the
document, to each reviewer. The cover sheet is to be returned by
the reviewer to the author for filing by the branch secretary.
The number of reviewers and whether review will take place
in OTS or beyond are at the discretion of the division director.
7.5 CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION (CBI)
CBI is trade secrets or commercial or financial information
considered confidential by the person submitting it or
information that has been determined to be confidential according
to the procedures in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (40
CFR Part 2).
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OTS staff who draft and review documents that contain CBI
and staff who type or otherwise have access to these documents
must have CBI clearance and must handle classified documents in
accordance with established CBI procedures. These requirements
also apply to contractors whose tasks require access to CBI.
Anyone with access to CBI should periodically review the CBI
procedures manuals.* The mishandling of CBI could harm the
chemical company that submitted it in compliance with TSCA and
jeopardize the ability of OPTS to carry out its legal mandate.
7.6 FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY
Material developed in OTS and being made available to the
general public through the Industry Assistance Office (IAO) must
be announced in a notice of availability in the Federal Register.
Guidance for writing the notice can be obtained from the OPTS
Federal Register Office. (See a reference to the notice on p. 8
of this manual.)
How to prepare documents for publication in the Federal
Register is not discussed in this manual. Readers should use the
FRS Document Drafting Guide, which is available in the OPTS
Federal Register Office. Queries should be directed to that
office.
*For a thorough discussion of CBI procedures, consult the
following manuals: TSCA Confidential Business I^nfor^matj.on
Security Manual or its shorter version, the TSCA Confidential
Business Information Briefing Booklet, the OTS ProceduJTes
Manual: TSCA Confident! a I B u s ^ne s s _!_ r>lQ£ma 11,0 n , and the
Contractor Requirements for the Control,
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2220.1
PRINTING PROCEDURES
8 PRINTING PROCEDURES
8.1 IAO AND THE PRINTING CONTRACT
The Industry Assistance Office (IAO) coordinates all OTS
printing. This includes in-house printing and that done by GPO
through contractors. It also includes local duplication services
of small quantities of lengthy documents or large quantities of
brief documents. The author or project officer provides camera-
ready manuscript copy and artwork. IAO will obtain a cover and
spine from the EPA graphics facility.
The appropriate form for printing, EPA Form 2340-1, will be
completed by IAO. The form for local duplicating service, EPA
Form 1750-3, will be prepared initially in the branch and signed
by the branch chief and appropriations officer, with the
chargeable branch appropriations number cited. Bring this form
to the IAO with the document to be duplicated. IAO does not
accept small in-house duplicating jobs; take those directly to
the duplicating facilities on the various floors in the East
Tower. Small in-house duplicating jobs are defined as those
documents with an aggregate total of 100 or fewer pages.
Federal Register Notices. When a Federal Register notice is
to be published, the author must coordinate the final notice with
the IAO to allow IAO time to arrange with GPO for reprints of the
notice. It is imperative to coordinate with IAO before the
notice goes to the Federal Register Office in OTS. A copy of the
notice suitable for reproduction should be left in IAO. (Models
of a notice are available from the OTS Federal Register Office.)
Contractor Printing. A project officer may assign the task
of printing to the contractor preparing the document. The
contractor may reproduce up to 25,000 page impressions from the
camera-ready copy. This limit is determined by law. Therefore,
the number of copies that can be duplicated depends on the total
page count of the document. See IAO if the number of copies
needed by the project officer is greater than the contractor's
limit.
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NTIS^. The author or project officer provides 11 bound
copies of each final report to the Publications Office in ISSB
for the following distribution: 1 copy for the Technical
Information Center (TIC) and 10 copies for NTIS (the package to
NTIS must .include a copy of each signed form in the Copyright
Permission File; see the forms on p. 49 in this manual).
Publisher Printing (Journal, Book, etc.). The author or
project officer must ensure, as part of the clearance procedure,
that the intended publisher of a document is identified on the
OTS Document Clearance Form.
8.2 COVERS
The following cover colors have been designated in order to
distinguish among the variety of reports published by OTS.
Cover requirements for other in-house and extramural final
draft documents are specified in EPA's Graphic Standards System
Manual and in this manual. The manuals are available in the OPTS
Publications Office in ISSB.
8.3 TSCA CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT SERIES
TSCA Chemical Assessment Series Cover Color Lettering
Chemical Screening: Initial Medium blue Black
Evaluations of Substantial
Risk Notices, TSCA Section 8{e),
(date) to (date)
Chemical Screening: Initial Light blue Black
Evaluations of Published or
Submitted Data, (date ) to
(date)
Chemical Screening: Exposure and Yellow Black
Hazard Scoring of Chemicals
Chemical Hazard Information Profiles Green Black
(CHIPS), (date) to
(date)
Assessment of Testing Needs: (Name Toxic orange Black
of Chemical)
Chemical Problem Assessment: Priority Peach tan Black
Review Level 1 (Name of Chemical)
Chemical Problem Assessment: Priority Saddle tan Black
Review Level 2 (Name of Chemical)
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Preliminary Risk Assessment, Phase I:
(Name of Chemical)
Risk Assessment in Support of Regulatory
Decision Making, Phase II:
(Name of Chemical)
Cane green
Red
Black
Black
8.4 The Toxics Information Integration Series carries a gray
cover with black lettering.
8.5 Support Documents and Economic Analyses carry the cover
color of the section of TSCA that they support:
Section
4
5
6
8,12,13
Cover Color
Toxic orange
White
Toxic orange
Black
Lettering
Black
Black
White
White
8.6 Extramural (contractor) reports carry white covers with
orange lettering.
Divider Pages and Fold-ins. Do not use divider pages (pages
that separate the document into parts). The excess paper,
printing, binding efforts, and costs normally incurred by using
fold-ins can be avoided by separating oversized material into
parts, reducing oversized materials, or having lengthy tables
fall on successive pages.
IAO Checklist for Printing. Deliver
manuscript and artwork to IAO for printing.
contains the following pieces:
your camera-ready
Be sure your package
o title page (see sample, p. 42 in this manual)*
o Report Documentation Page (see sample, p. 46)
o sample cover and spine
*Be sure that the title, author(s), and EPA Report Number on the
title page and the cover are identical.
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o copy of the Federal Register notice of availability if
the report will be distributed to the public. (Models of
this notice are available in the OPTS Federal Register
Office.)
o Receipt of Manuscript for Printing form (see sample,
p. 51), to be signed and dated in IAO
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HOW TO DOCUMENT SOURCES OF INFORMATION
9 HOW TO DOCUMENT SOURCES OF INFORMATION
9.1 COPYRIGHT
9.2 LIMITATIONS TO EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS: FAIR USE
Fair use of copyrighted work, including reproduction for
purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, or
research, is not an infringement of copyright.
What Is Fair Use? To determine whether the use you are
making of a work is a fair use, carefully consider the following
questions:
o What are the purpose and character of the use (that is,
will the use be commercial or nonprofit)?
o How substantial is the portion you want to use in
relation to the copyrighted work as a whole (whether
borrowing one line or several, are you in fact
appropriating the essence of someone else's work)?
o Will this use affect the potential market for or value of
the copyrighted work?
9.3 ALTERNATIVES TO USING COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
Avoid overloading your document with material quoted from
other sources. The following measures are recommended:
o Paraphrase any material lengthier than a paragraph. Be
sure, however, that you convey the intent of the author.
o Instead of reproducing diagrams, figures, tables, and
schematics (chemical reactions and metabolic pathways),
summarize them in the text.
9.4 WHEN TO GIVE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Remember that even paraphrased statements of fact or opinion
and reworked tables, figures, etc., from a published or other
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outside source need an acknowledgment. Courtesy requires credit
to be given (by footnote, on-line reference citation, or a
statement in the text) for use of the material and for assistance
rendered by someone else, even though no copyright notice is
involved. .
9.5 WHEN NOT TO GIVE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It is not necessary to use a credit line for information
purchased by a department or for work done by non-Government
designers, typographers, and layout artists and Government art
directors, designers, typographers, layout artists, and
photographers.
It is not necessary to cite the source of information that
is common knowledge: for example,
Chemical X, a Q-lactam, can be expected to
have antimicrobial activity because of its
structural relationship to penicillin, 3
well-known antibiotic.
9.6 USING COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
The Government is liable for any misuse of the literary or
intellectual property (patents, trademarks, copyrighted material,
"proprietary information") of others. Therefore, a use of
copyrighted material to which "fair use"* does not apply requires
the written permission of the copyright owner (author or
publisher). To do otherwise may leave the Government liable for
copyright infringement. (See copyright permission forms, p. 49).
Prior use of copyrighted material in a Government
publication does not necessarily constitute permission to use
that material in an EPA document. However, written and
illustrative material originally prepared by ?n employee of the
Government as part of that person's official duties is in the
public domain and cannot be copyrighted.
Unpublished Work. Unpublished work also may be subject to
copyright protection, even though there is no copyright notice.
Refer questions about protection of unpublished work to EPA's
Office of General Counsel.
*See the guide on p. 12 for determining what is fair use,
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Direct Quotations. Direct lengthy quotations of material
from a published or printed source (books, journals,
correspondence from industry or other groups and individuals) may
be used only with the permission of the copyright owner (or the
author, if there is no copyright).
When you quote verbatim from published or unpublished
material, reproduce exactly all spelling, italics, and
punctuation used by the orFginal author. If you alter the text
to clarify the author's meaning, insert brackets around your
clarification: "Acrylamide is a solid at ordinary temperature
[20°C] and has a very low vapor pressure."
If there is a factual, grammatical, or spelling error in the
material, do not disturb it, but acknowledge it for the reader by
using [sic] following the error.
If you omit a word or group of words from a quotation,
indicate the omission with an ellipsis, without altering the
author's intent: "Acrylamide . . . has a very low vapor
pressure."
Diagrams, Figures, Tables. Diagrams, figures, tables, and
schematics (chemical reactions or metabolic pathways) may not be
reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner.
Some publications, such as the Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH),
have rigid guidelines for use of their material. (See
"Conditions Governing the Use of the CEH by Public Agencies" in
the CEH, available in the TIC.)
Source Footnote. Unless the copyright holder requests a
specific copyright notice, insert the following source footnote
on the same page as the information quoted, immediately below the
body of a borrowed table, and below the caption of a borrowed
figure:
Source: Reprinted from (article and journal
or book title; date of publication; volume and
page numbers for the borrowed material) by
(name of author) with permission of (name of
copyright owner, if different from author).
Report Plagiarism. In-house drafts or contract reports that
you know or suspect contain inadequately acknowledged
(plagiarized) information should be brought immediately to the
attention of the project officer. It is the responsibility of
the contractor to acknowledge contributed material; this
responsibility is part of the contract language in the EPA
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Scientific and Technical Publications manual. Notify your branch
chief and the Procurement and Contracts Management Division if a
contractor is unwilling to comply.
Permission Forms. OTS's Copyright Permission forms (see
p. 49) request broad permission for use of material by the U.S.
Government. The project officer is responsible for supplying the
contractor with these forms. Keep a list of the forms you send
out and a copy of each signed form.
Copyright Permission File. The Copyright Permission File
must accompany each OTS document from draft to final stage.
Attach copies of the signed forms to the Document Clearance Form
accompanying the final draft. The original forms will be kept in
the branch files. Copies of permission forms also must accompany
reports going to NTIS.
Note; Send out permission forms during the early stages of
document preparation. If you postpone sending the forms, you
risk having permission refused when you are close to the due date
for your draft.
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REFERENCES
The reference style for OTS documents is an adaptation of
the Vancouver Style, which has been approved by the International
Steering Committee of Medical Editors. This form of reference is
used by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, and its adoption
by scientific journals in the United States and abroad is
expected. For this reason and for the simplicity of the style
itself, it is being used in OTS for traditional references.
Many of the reference materials used by OTS authors are
unique and nontraditional; that is, they are not limited to
standard textbooks or journal articles. The following models
have been created to illustrate the kind and amount of
information a reader must have in order to understand and
retrieve both traditional and unique sources of information.
This section is divided into four parts: General Rules,
Citations in the Text, Abbreviations Acceptable for Use in
References, and Model Reference Formats.
10 REFERENCES
10.1 GENERAL RULES
1. List all references in a separate section at the end of a
document, in alphabetical order, by author.
2. If a reference does not have an author, which is common in
many trade journals, use the source as author: Chem Eng
News.
3. Where there are more than six authors, cite the first three
and use et al.
4. If a reference does not have a date of publication, insert
(n.d.), in parentheses, following the author's name.
5. When you quote material, include in the on-line citation the
page number(s) in the source on which the borrowed material
appears: (Brill 1970, pp. 380-381).
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6. When citing documents that have an identifying publication
number, provide that number as the last item in the
reference citation:
USEPA. 1976. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
National water quality inventory: 1976 report to
Congress. Washington, DC: USEPA. EPA 440/9-76-024.
7. If you are using as a source a manuscript accepted for
publication but not yet printed, insert the words "in press"
in parentheses following the name of the publisher or
journal in your citation.
IARC. Internatl. Agency for Research on Cancer.
Cadmium and cadmium compounds. IARC Monogr (in
press).
8. Use the short form of a publisher's name for references.
Cairns J, Dickson KL. 1979. Biological methods
for the assessment of water quality. New York:
Academic.
9. Information from a manuscript that has been submitted but
not yet accepted for publication should be cited in the text
by the author's name and as an unpublished observation:
(Cairns J, Dickson KL, unpublished observations).
10. Citing secondary sources is risky and is discouraged;
however, if information must be taken from a review,
abstract, or other secondary source, cite the secondary and
primary sources at the end of the sentence that introduces
the information: (Jones et al. 1977, as reported in Smith
1980). Alternatively, cite the secondary source first and,
in your discussion, identify the author(s) of the primary
source and the year in which it was published. Use the
following form in the References:
Higashi LS, Lundeen M, Hilti E, Seff K. 1977.
Crystal and molecular structure of bis(2-pyridine-
sulfinato)copper(II). Inorg Chem 16:310-313.
Reviewed in Chem Abstr 90:22-31, 63920d.
11. Telephone communications are not acceptable as references
unless a follow-up letter, memo, or transcript of the
details of the conversation is available. (See p. 24 for
model citations.)
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10.2 CITATIONS IN THE TEXT
1. Citations in the text are made by author and date of
publication: (Brill 1977). Do not use a comma between
author and date. If the author's name is a part of the
sentence, give the date in parentheses: Brill (1977)
states ....
2. For citations in which the author is an agency or other
organization, use acronyms with the date: (USEPA 1976).
3. To cite the Federal Register, use the following format:
". . . published in the FEDERAL REGISTER (43 FR 12661)."
Foj:_ dual authorship, use the names of both authors and the
date: (Brill and Smith 1978). For more than two authors,
cite the first author and use et al.
4.
6.
If you are citing documents published in the same year by
the same author, use "a," "b," etc., immediately after the
date, both in the References and in the text citation:
(Brill 1977a) (Brill 1977b), and (Brill 1976a, 1977b). Use
the first word of the title, not an article (the, a), to
alphabetize such references.
For secondary references, cite the author and date of both
sources in this order: (DuBois 1961, as reported in Doull
et al. 1980).
10.3 ABBREVIATIONS ACCEPTABLE FOR USE IN REFERENCES
The following abbreviations are acceptable for use in reference
citations:
Admin.
Am.
Assoc.
Bur.
Chap.
Co.
Coll.
Corp.
Dept,
Div.
Doc.
Ed.
Govt. No.
Inc. Natl,
Inst. Proc.
Internatl. Sch.
Lab. (Labs.) Univ,
Ltd. Vol.
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10.4 MODEL REFERENCE FORMATS
10.5 BOOKS*
APHA. 1971. Am. Public Health Assoc. Standard methods for the
examination of water and wastewater, 13th ed. Washington, DC:
Am. Public Health Assoc.
Colowick SP, Kaplan NO. 1955-1963. Methods in enzymology. 6
Vols. New York: Academic.
Doull J, Klaassen DC, Amdur MO, eds. 1980. Casarett and Doull's
toxicology. The basic science of poisons, 2nd ed. New York:
Macmillan.
Gehring PJ, Watanabe PG, Young JD. 1977. The relevance of
dose-dependent pharmacokinetics in the assessment of carcinogenic
hazards of chemicals. In: Origins of human cancer. Book A:
Incidence of cancer in humans. Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA,
eds. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Lab.
Glass GE. 1973. Bioassay techniques and environmental
chemistry. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science, 377 pp.
Hamaker JW. 1972. Decomposition: quantitative aspects. In:
Organic chemicals in the soil environment. Goring CAI, Hamaker
JW, eds. New York: Dekker, pp. 250-340.
IARC. Internatl. Agency for Research on Cancer. Cadmium and
cadmium compounds. IARC Monogr (in press).
NCHS. 1978. Natl. Center Health Statistics. Life tables.
Vital statistics of the United States, 1976, Vol. II, Sect. 5,
Table 5-2. Rockville, MD: NCHS, U.S. Dept. Health, Education,
and Welfare.
SRI. 1975. Stanford Research Institute. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
(methyl-chloroform). In: Chemical economics handbook, 1975.
Menlo Park, CA: 'SRI, pp. 44-62.
Wilson JG, Fraser F. 1977. Handbook of teratology, Vol. 3. New
York: Plenum, pp. 21-26, 107-115.
*Use the short form of a publisher's name.
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10.6 BOOKS BETTER KNOWN BY THEIR TITLE
Merck Index. 1976. An encyclopedia of chemicals and drugs, 9th
ed. Rahway, NJ: Merck. Monograph No. 3643.
10.7 COMPUTER PRINTOUT
USEPA. 1979. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Computer
printout (CICIS): production statistics for chemicals in the
nonconfidential initial TSCA inventory. Retrieved Dec. 11, 1979.
Washington, DC: Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
USEPA.
USOSHA. 1979. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Admin.
Computer printout: establishment report, where certain hazardous
substances were sampled since inception. Washington, DC:
USOSHA, U.S. Dept. Labor. File No. IN 31909T.
10.8 CONFERENCES, PROCEEDINGS, AND SYMPOSIUMS (PUBLISHED AND
UNPUBLISHED)
Awad L, DiMenza L, Lazar P, Bonnaud G, Bignon J. 1979. An
attempt to determine a medium-term, low-dose exposure indicator
based on clinical and radiological lung modifications. Symposium
on the Biological Effects of Mineral Fibres,* Brussels, Sept.
25-27, 1979. Sponsor: Internatl. Agency for Res. on Cancer,
Lyon, France.
Lloyd JW. 1979. Cancer epidemiology. Paper presented at the
18th Annual Medical-Legal-Industrial Symposium, Des Moines, IA,
Nov. 9, 1979. Sponsor: Mount Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee,
WI.
Wagner JC, Berry G, Skidmore JW. 1977. Studies of the
carcinogenic effect of fiber glass of different diameters
following intrapleural inoculation of experimental animals.
NIOSH symposium on occupational exposure to fibrous glass. Univ.
Maryland, College Park, June 24-26, 1974. Washington, DC: Natl.
Inst. Occupational Safety and Health. DHEW Pub. NIOSH 76-151.
Wagoner J, Johnson WM, Lemen R. 1973. Malignant and
nonmalignant respiratory disease mortality patterns among
*Initial caps are used here to indicate that this is the official
title of the symposium as well as the subject area.
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asbestos production workers. In: Congressional Record, Senate
Proceedings and Debates of the 93rd Congress, 1st sess., 119,
pt. 6. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Printing Office Pub.
S-4660-S-4662.
10.9 CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENTS
U.S. Congress. 1964. Senate Committee on Commerce. Conversion
to metric system: hearing on S. 1278, 88th Cong., 2d sess., 7
Jan. 1964, p. 58.
U.S. Congress. 1941. Senate, Congressional Record, 77th Cong.,
1st sess., 1941, 87, pt. 9: 9505.
10.10 CONTRACTOR REPORTS
Conway EJ, Petersen RJ, Colingsworth RF, Craca JG, Carter JW.
1979. SRI Internet. Assessment of the need for and character of
limitations on acrylamide and its compounds. Draft report.
Washington, DC: Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Contract 68-01-4308.
Simmon VF, Riccio ES, Peirce MV. 1979. SRI Internat. In vitro
microbiological genotoxicity assays of chlorobenzene. Draft
final report. SRI Project LSU-7558. Washington, DC: Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Contract 68-02-2947.
10.11 DATA SHEET
Biographies, Inc. 1965. Data sheet: p-dichlorobenzene.
Princeton, NJ: Biographies, Inc., p. 10. AME 20-080.
10.12 FEDERAL AGENCY AS AUTHOR
NIOSH. 1976. Natl. Inst. Occupational Safety and Health. Cri-
teria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to
cadmium. Washington, DC: NIOSH, U.S. Dept. Health, Education,
and Welfare. DHEW Pub. NIOSH 76-192.
OSHA. 1976. Occupational Safety and Health Admin. General in-
dustry standards. Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S Dept. Labor. OSHA
Pub. 2206.
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TSCA/ITC. 1978. Toxic Substances Control Act, Interagency
Testing Committee. Third report of the TSCA Interagency Testing
Committee to the Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA 560/10-79-001. PB 293 378.*
USEPA. 1978 (Oct. 30). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Toxic Substances. Second report of the Interagency
Testing Committee; receipt and request for comments. 43 FR
50630.
USEPA. 1978. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Sources of
atmospheric cadmium. Draft report. Research Triangle Park, NC:
Office of Air and Waste Management, USEPA.
USEPA. 1979. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act chemical substance inventory, Vol. 3.
Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA.
10.13 FEDERAL AGENCY AS PUBLISHER
Dement JM, Harris RL. 1979. Estimates of pulmonary and gastro-
intestinal deposition for occupational fiber exposures.
Washington, DC: Natl. Inst. Occupational Safety and Health,
Dept. Health, Education, and Welfare. DHEW Pub. NIOSH 79-135.
Marking LL, Dawson VK. 1975. Method for assessment of toxicity
or efficacy of mixtures and chemicals. Investigations in fish
control No. 67. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Dept. of the Interior.
10.14 FEDERAL REGISTER
USCPSC. 1977. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Chil-
dren's wearing apparel containing TRIS: interpretation as banned
hazardous substance. (42 FR 18850).
USEPA. 1975. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of
Pesticide Programs. Pro.posed guidelines for registering
pesticides in the United States. (43 FR 50367).
*A PB number is given to a report when it is entered in the NTIS
system.
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USEPA. 1979. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of
Toxic Substances. Proposed health effects test standards
(chronic). (44 FR 27334) .
USEPA. 197-7. Title of section. 44 CFR part and section number.
10.15 FICHE
Baner FT, Williams JH. 1968. Research on automatic
classification, indexing and extracting; annual report
[microfiche] . Washington, DC: Information Systems Branch, U.S.
Office of Naval Research, NONR 4456(00).
10.16 JOURNAL ARTICLES AND MONOGRAPHS*
Chem Eng News 1977. Outlook for coal: bright, but with
problems. 55{7):24.
Armstrong RD, Leach LJ, Belluscio PR, et al. 1963. Behavioral
changes in the pigeon following inhalation of mercury vapor. Am
Ind Hyg Assoc J 24:366-375.
Hammond EC. 1966. Smoking in relation to the death rates of one
million men and women. In: Epidemiologic study of cancer and
other chronic diseases. NCI Monograph 19. Bethesda, MD: Natl.
Cancer Inst.
IARC. 1978. Internat. Agency for Research on Cancer.
Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of
chemicals to humans. Some N-nitroso compounds. IARC Monogr Eval
Carcinog Risk Chem Man 17:77-78.
Knight BAG, Coutts J, Tomlinson TE. 1970. Sorption of ionized
pesticides by soil. Soc Chem Ind (London) 37:54-62.
Roller PC. 1953 Dicentric chromosomes in a rat tumour induced by
an aromatic nitrogen mustard. Heredity 6(Suppl): 181-196.
*Abbreviate names of journals according to the style in the
Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI), available in
the TIC.
Where there are more than six authors, cite the first three and
use et al.
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10.17 MANUFACTURERS' LITERATURE
FMC Corp. 1977. Product literature. Technical data sheets D3-25
on Kronitex TXP, trixylenyl phosphate. Effective Msrch 1977.
Industrial Chem'ical Group, 2000 Market St., Philadelphia, PA
19103.
Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Co. (n.d.)* Product bulletin:
Santicizer 141, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. 800 N.
Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 62166.
Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Co. (n.d.)* Technical bulletin:
Skydrol 500B LD: fire resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids.
IC/ETP-6. 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 62166.
10.18 MEMORANDUMS AND LETTERS
Levy R. 1980 (May 22). Survey and Analysis Div., Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Comparison of building asbestos
levels grouped by surface material. Intra-agency memorandum to
H. Teitelbaum, Assessment Div.
Logue E. 1980 (Mar. 20). Center for Health Studies, Research
Triangle Park, NC 43360. Similarity of L. Sebastien's asbestos
air levels in building data and the data included in J.
Nicholson's report to NIEHS. Memorandum to C. Stroup, Survey and
Analysis Div., Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Gordon M. 1980 (Oct. 20). XYZ Chemical Corp., City, State, ZIP.
Transcribed telephone conversation with G. Smith, Assessment
Div., Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. EPA C3I Doc.
Control No. 50-6789403.
XYZ Chemical Corp. 1980 (Feb. 10). City, State, ZIP. Letter to
G. Smith, Assessment Div., Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
20460. EPA CBI Doc. Control No. 50-1234456.
rn.d. = No date
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10.19 PATENTS
U.S. Patent
Barred FJ, "Knight AR, Mclntyre JS (inventors), Dow Chemical Co.
(assignee). 1972 (Apr. 4). Epoxidation process. U.S. patent
3,654,317.
Foreign Patent
Cooke AN (inventor), New Zealand Inventions Development Authority
(assignee). 1977 (Mar. 3). Blood albumin from blood, blood
serum, or blood plasma. German (Fed. Rep.) Offenlegungsschrift
2,537,123.
10.20 REPORT SERIES
NCI. 1976. Natl. Cancer Inst. Carcinogenesis bioassay of
trichloroethane. Technical Report Series No. 2. Washington, DC:
NCI, U.S. Dept. Health, Education, and Welfare.
10.21 SECONDARY REFERENCES
Du Bois KP. 1961. Potentiation of the toxicity of
organophosphorus compounds. Adv Pest Control Res 4:117-151. (As
reported in Doull et al. 1980)*
Higashi LS, Lurideen M, Hilti E, Seff K. 1977. Crystal and
molecular structure of bis(2-pyridinesulfinato)copper(II). Inorg
Chem 16:310-313. (As reported in Chem Abstr 90: 22-31, 63920d)
10.22 SUBMISSIONS UNDER TSCA
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Co. 1978. TSCA sec. 8(d) submission
8DHQ-0978-0297. Bio/Tox data on chloromethane, 1975.
Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. EPA Doc. Control No. 50-780-000.
*Notethattheprimaryreference also is part of the reference
list.
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XYZ Chemical Co., City, State, ZIP. 1981. TSCA sec. 5(a)
submission PMN 81-00. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic
Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA CBI Doc.
Control No. 50-810-000.*
10.23 THESIS
Rafferty NS. 1958. A study of the relationship between the
pronephros and the haploid syndrome in frog larvae. Ph.D.
dissertation, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana.
10.24 TRANSLATIONS
Translations of foreign language publications are available from
the TIC in ISSB. Fill out a copy of the Translation Service
Request, p. 51, and take it to the translations clerk in the TIC.
Citations to translated material take one of two forms. If you
are citing information from the English translation, use the
following format:
Degonski IA. 1977. A role of adrenergic structures of
the central nervous system in altering the function of
the hypothalamohypophyseo-adrenal system in exogenous
hyperthermia. Bull Eksp Biol Med 83:264-266. (In
Russian; English trans.)
If you are citing information from a summary of the material in
English, use the following model:
Frada G, Cali V. 1958. Azione tossica del p-dichlo-
robenzene. Folia Nedica (Naples) 41:349-355. (In
Italian; summary in English)
*CBI = confidential business information
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON STYLE
11 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON STYLE
The following supplemental sources of information on style
for writers of scientific documents are available in the TIC.
Other guides from scientific societies and journals can be used,
to the extent that they do not conflict with EPA or OTS
specifications.
Style Manual, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC. This manual contains general editorial advice and the
Federal Government's recommended style for nontechnical
abbreviations, capitalization, punctuation, use of numerals,
hyphenation, etc. It can be purchased from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Handbook for Authors of ACS Publications. This manual's
styleIsrecommendedfortechnical symbols and abbreviations and
for its preferred spelling list, where you will find, for
example, that "analogue" is preferred over "analog." It is
available from the American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW,
Washington, DC 20036.
CBE Style Manual, 4th ed. , 1978. This manual is published
for the Council of Biology Editors by the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209. The
manual offers copyediting information for various science
disciplines, as well as traditional grammar and usage.
Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI). This index
gives abbreviations for more than 80,000 journals in the
chemical, biological, engineering, and physical sciences. It
also provides other detailed and accurate bibliographic data.
CASSI is available from the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA 22161, as order number AD 612
200.
ASTM Standard for Metric Practice,, ASTM E 380-79, 1980.
This guide deals with conversion of quantities in various
measurement systems to the International System of Units
(officially abbreviated as SI in all languages). It is available
from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1961
Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
Distribution: OTS-wide Initiated by: ISSB/MSD
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The Metric System of Measurement (SI), LC 1078, and
ir red Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government,
of Standards
Preferred rieiL.nj uiu.ua J.UL \jeneLaj. use uy T-iie reuei
LC1098,areavailablefromtheNationalBureau
U.S. Department.of Commerce, Washington, DC 20234.
Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. 1977. Springfield,
MA: G. C. Merriam Company.
EPA Graphic Standards System, 1978. This document
establishes and delineates the graphic standards that EPA will
adhere to in all its visual communications. Copies are available
from EPA's Printing Management shop and the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402,
stock number 055-000-00169-3.
Government Printing and Binding Regulations, Joint Committee
on Printing, Congress of the United States, No. 24, April 1977.
This pamphlet provides background information on Government
Printing Office requirements concerning the use of color
printing and self-mailers and printing requirements resulting
from grants or contracts, etc. Copies are available from the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Printing Management and
Distribution Section, Washington, DC 20460.
11.1 METRIC UNITS OF MEASURE
Use the modernized metric system, i.e., the International
System of Units (SI), unless the project officer specifies
otherwise. These units are given in the Handbook for Authors of
ACS Publications and the Metric Practice Guide.Equivalent units
can be expressed parenthetically. If other than metric units are
used, state the reason for doing so in a footnote at the first
nonmetric measure and include a conversion table in the document.
Units of measure must be consistent throughout a document (i.e.,
do not use °F and °C, or kilograms and pounds, interchangeably in
the same document.
11.2 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
Acceptable general abbreviations can be found in the
Government Printing Office Style Manual; technical abbreviations
can be found in the appropriate reference documents for the
particular subject area involved. (See also section 18.2 in this
manual.)
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Give the abbreviation or symbol for an uncommon or
specialized term in parentheses where it first appears in the
text. Thereafter, use only the abbreviation or symbol.
Define the audience for each document. Consider the
difficulty the audience may have in defining or understanding the
abbreviations and symbols used. If listing them alphabetically
and defining them in an appendix will aid the audience, do so.
Arrange abbreviations in two columns when the list exceeds more
than one page.
See the list of abbreviations acceptable in reference
citations on p. 18 of this manual.
11.3 TRADE AND MANUFACTURERS' NAMES
Any use of trade or manufacturers' names in a document
should be brought to the attention of the project officer and the
approving official before a document is cleared for publication.
Trade names (Cellosolve, Vaseline) end variety names (Red
Radiance rose) are capitalized. The common nouns that follow
trade names are not capitalized (rose). Consult the reference
materials cited in this manual for trade names.
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STANDARD COMPONENTS IN A DOCUMENT
12 STANDARD COMPONENTS IN A DOCUMENT
Guidelines for writing and using traditional elements in
documents are provided in this section. Those elements that
pertain to your document should appear in the order given here:
Front Matter.
Text.
Back Matter
Title page (see sample, p. 42)
Back of title page (disclaimer page)
Foreword
Preface
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgment
Abstract or Executive Summary
Introduction
Body of document
References
Appendix(es)
Documentation Page
12.1 FRONT MATTER
Front matter is a document's opening, or preliminary, pages.
It includes the title page and other pages that explain the
content and purpose of the text. These pages are numbered with
lower-case Roman numerals; the title page is always page i. OTS
reports with a special format may not need this traditional front
matter material.
Foreword. A foreword is an introductory statement that
points out the value, significance, and impact of a document. A
foreword is written and signed by someone other than the author.
When a foreword is used, it appears on a new right-hand
page
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Preface. The preface, which is written by the author,
should include the reasons the document was prepared and any
limitations encountered in studying its subject. Because the
preface is written by the author, it is unsigned.
When a preface is used, it follows the foreword on a new
right-hand page.
Contents Page. The contents page begins on a new right-hand
page. Although front matter is not part of the text, it is part
of the document and should be included in the contents page.
The contents page also contains the main headings of the
document and the pages on which they appear (use dot leaders).
Significant subheads (indented and subordinated) can be included.
A short overrun onto the following page can be avoided by
using a single space between major headings. Omit a contents
page in a document that has fewer than 50 pages.
Acknowledgment. Limit the acknowledgment to key personnel
and organizations that have aided or contributed to the document
in a major way. Use simple, formal, and concise language. Avoid
such expressions as "wish to thank"; simply do so. Ordinarily,
supporting staff work is not included in the acknowledgment.
Abstract/Executive Summary. The abstract and/or executive
summary is a synopsis of the contents in a document that gives a
reader the essence and significance of the material in the
document. There are two abstract, or summary, styles. The
informative abstract is a concise summary of all significant
points in the text; it gives conclusions. (The informative style
is required on the OTS Document Clearance Form and is the style
recommended for use in OTS.)
The indicative (descriptive) abstract generally is limited
to between 200 and 250 words; it gives, in a narrative, facts
about what will be read in the text. The abstract used as front
matter may contain up to 450 words.
12.2 TEXT
Introduction. In the introduction the author gives back-
ground information necessary to understanding the document and
describes its purpose and scope. The introduction sets the stage
for the text proper and for conclusions and recommendations.
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A formal introduction may not ~<- e*u.._ ~*. -^^*. ^^.^ u^^u....
in some cases, this information, along with conclusions
recommendations, will be part of a
not be part of all OTS documents;
along with conclusions and
document's special format.
Body of Document. The text and format of the documents
prepared in OTS vary. General format specifications are given on
p. 33.
12.3 BACK MATTER
References. The references immediately follow the text, and
the page numbers follow the text consecutively. (The OTS
reference style appears on pp. 16-26 in this manual.)
Appendix. An appendix begins on a new right-hand page. An
appendix can contain supplementary illustrative material,
original data, or quoted material (a Federal Register notice, for
example) that is too lengthy to be incorporated into the text or
that is generally relevant but not essential to understanding the
text.
The title and subtitle of an appendix should follow the
appendix designation (for example, "Appendix A. Abbreviations
and Symbols Used in CAS Publications").
List all appendixes in the contents
pages consecutively following the text.
Report Documentation Page.
page and number their
(Optional Form 272,
all EPA published reports.
The Report Documentation Page
Department of Commerce) is the last page in
(See p. 46 in this manual.)
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FORMAT SPECIFICATIONS FOR DRAFT AND FINAL DRAFT REPORTS
13 FORMAT SPECIFICATIONS FOR DRAFT AND FINAL DRAFT REPORTS
13.1 TYPING
Draft manuscripts must be typed double spaced, on one side
only, on 8 1/2- by 11-inch heavy-duty white bond paper. The
recommended typeface is 10-pitch Courier. Double space all copy.
Leave a liberal margin of at least 1 inch, allowing an image area
of 6 1/2 by 8 7/8 inches, not including the page numbers.
Final draft documents must be typed single spaced as
camera-ready copy for the printer. Use a new carbon ribbon for
the text and black ink for signatures and other markings. The
copy should be dark enough so that it can be reproduced but not
so heavy that the letters will fill in.
The type size for tabular material, callouts, illustrations,
charts, graphs, tables, etc., must be no smaller than 6 points
(approximately 1/16 of an inch) and no larger than 10 points
(approximately 1/9 of an inch).
13.2 PAGE NUMBERING
Always number the pages in a document. Except for the title
page, counted as page i but not indicated, number all front
matter (the material that precedes the Introduction)
consecutively, with lower-case Roman numerals. Page numbers
always are centered at the bottom of the page.
The first page of the body of the document (usually the
Introduction) begins on a right-hand page and is numbered page 1.
Except where space is a consideration, the first page of
major section also begins on a new right-hand page and
assined the next odd-number in the numberin seu'ence.
major section also begins on a new right-hand pa
assigned the next odd-number in the numbering sequ'ence,
each
is
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13.3 ORDER OF HEADINGS
I. ALL CAPS UNDERLINED
A. Indented, Initial Cap, Underlined
1. Same as Af indented further
a. Same as 1, indented further
(1) Same as 1, indented further
Fifth-Order Heading. Initial cap, under-
lined, runs into the text.
13.4 FOOTNOTES
Insert footnotes at the bottom of the page of text to which
they refer. Type footnotes flush with the left margin, at the
bottom of the page; separate them from the text with a 2-inch
horizontal line. Use the asterisk series of footnotes: *, f » t '
§. Footnotes are typed single spaced.
13.5 LISTS
Displayed List. Information that needs to be set apart from
the text because, it is of special significance to a discussion
can be arranged in a numbered, displayed list. Do not use a
displayed list for fewer than three items.
Each item in a displayed list is followed by a semicolon, a
semicolon and the word "and" follow the penultimate item in the
list, and a period follows the final item:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
and
Bullets can be used in place of numbers if desired.
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Run-in List. Number and run into a sentence of text no more
than fouritems of information that need particular emphasis but
that do not need the special visibility of a displayed list.
When there are more than four items, use a displayed list.
A run-in list is not suitable for items of length.
13.6 MATHEMATICAL AND CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Prepare mathematical or chemical formulas with care, using a
machine or transfer-type composition when available. Chemical
structures should be drawn with a template.
Treat short, simple, and unnumbered equations as part of the
text. When possible, type simple fractions on the line: e.g.,
l/(a + b) , not I/a + b or ^+5 ; the diagonal line and parentheses
eliminate ambiguity. An equation (or formula) that requires
special symbols, positioning, or brackets should be centered on a
line by itself, with equal spacing (e.g., 1 1/2 lines) above and
below.
Define, the first time it is used, each term in a
mathematical expression. Equations that are a part of a series
or are referred to in the text are given consecutive Arabic
numerals. Each equation number is enclosed in parentheses at the
right-hand margin on the last line of the equation. Equations
within appendixes are numbered in a manner consistent with the
appendix letter, such as A-l, B-2, etc.
35
-------
Office of
I Toxic
Substances
Manual
2220.1
FIGURES
14 FIGURES
Figures contribute to the text when they emphasize, clarify,
or summarize data. In selecting figures for your document, ask
yourself whether a figure is really needed, is in the medium best
suited to your purpose, and will survive any necessary reduction
in size and still reproduce well.
When a figure explains the text, insert the figure on a
separate page following the text where it is first mentioned. If
a figure is merely a collection of data, insert it at the end of
the text in an appendix.
Numbering. Use consecutive Arabic numerals to number
figures (i.e., Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.). To designate figures
in an appendix, use the appendix letter with the appendix figure
number (i.e., Figure A-l, Figure B-5). When referring to a
figure in the text, spell out the word "Figure" and use its
numerical designation, e.g., Figure 1. (See sample, p. 38.)
Labeling. Labels on the abscissa and ordinate in graphs
should be consistent with the wording in the text. Capitalize
only the first letter of the first word in the label. As far as
it is practical to do so, place wording horizontally within a
figure and near the component being identified. Avoid using
excessive wording in a figure; for example, in a diagram of
apparatus, use abbreviations or a code of letters or numbers for
descriptors and identify them in a subcaption (see Figure 2 in
Sample K). Lettering should be done with a lettering set and in
high contrast to the figure.
Captions. Use a brief, descriptive caption for each figure.
A caption should be typed single spaced in 10-pitch Courier and
centered beneath the figure, following the figure number. The
caption should give sufficient information to make each figure
intelligible when it is isolated from the text. Capitalize the
first letter of the first word and any proper nouns and chemical
or mathematical symbols that usually are capped. Close the
caption with a period.
Distribution: OTS-wide 36 Initiated by: ISSB/MSD
-------
Manual
2220.1
OTS MANUAL FOR PREPARING DOCUMENTS
Figure Placement. When a figure is wider than the
manuscript page, place it sideways, centering it within the image
area so that the top of the figure is to the reader's left.
Reduce oversized illustrations horizontally or vertically within
the image area. Crop or mask photographs to eliminate
insignificant details. Do not tape, glue, or staple figures to a
page.
37
-------
Figure 1. Components of a partition analysis
M
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a kiln. A, Emergency stack;
B, crossover duct; C, feed hood; D, ram snouts; E, kiln flights;
F, kiln spikes; G, combustion air bustle; H, kiln lead burner
and combustion fan inlet; I, refuse combustion air fan inlet?
J, fire hood; K, kiln heatup burner and combustion fan inlet;
L, sight port; M, optical pyrometer; N, access door; 0, 9-inch
castable refractory. (Source: Helmsetter and Haverland
1978, p. 10.)
38
-------
T. Office of
I Toxic
Substances
Manual
2220.1
TABLES
15 TABLES
For ease in reading and consistency of format, simplify
tables as much as possible. The Government Printing Office Style
Manual or the CBE Style Manual can be helpful to writers
preparing tables.
Format. When a table explains the text, insert the table on
a separate page following the text where it is first mentioned.
If a table is an assembly of data, insert it at the end of the
text, in an appendix. Use 10-pitch Courier.
Numbering. Use consecutive Arabic numerals to number tables
(i.e., Table 1, Table 2). To designate tables in appendixes,
include the appendix letter with the table number (e.g., Table
A-l, Table B-2).
Captions. Place a brief, descriptive caption above each
table after its number; center the caption over the table. Use
upper- and lower-case letters in the caption (capitalize
prepositions of five or more letters). Do not use a closing
period unless the caption is a complete sentence.
When a table is wider than the manuscript page, place it
sideways (see sample, p. 41). When a table is continued on two
or more pages, insert the word "Table," the table number, and the
word "(continued)," but not the table caption, on subsequent
pages: e.g., Table 4 (continued). Repeat the column headings,
with rules, on each page; close the table on its last page with a
solid bottom rule.
Column Heads. Capitalize the first word of each column and
insert units of measurement, when applicable, in parentheses, at
the end of the heading (see sample, p. 41). To keep space to a
minimum, abbreviate words in column headings according to
"Abbreviations and Symbols Used in CAS Publications," section
18.2 in this manual.
Blank Entries in a Column. When data are not given, insert
"NG" in the column entry place. Define NG in a footnote to the
Distribution: OTS-wide 39 Initiated by: ISSB/MSD
-------
Manual
2220.1
OTS MANUAL FOR PREPARING DOCUMENTS
table: *NG = not given. Use the same technique for data that
are not available (NA) or not applicable (NA), or if a certain
animal or dose was not tested (NT).
Footnotes. Use lower-case superscript letters for table
footnotes. Assign them consecutively, in normal reading order
(across the table and from top to bottom). Place any footnotes
below the solid rule that ends the body of the table.
Printouts. Computer printouts for electronically tabulated
data must show a clear, black-white contrast and not contain any
gray or broken type or horizontal print bars.
40
-------
15.1 SAMPLE TABLE
Table 1. Acute LD5Q After Ip Administration of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane to Mice and Rats
Species
Mouse
Mouse
Mouse
Mouse
Mouse
Rat
Dog
Strain
Albino
(Princeton)
Swiss-
Webster
Swiss-
Webster
Swiss-
Webster
CP-1 Swiss
derived
Sprague-
Dawley
Mongrel
No. /group Composition of Vehicle
and sex test material
10, M Commercial grade Peanut oil
10, M Analytical grade Corn oil
>99% pure Corn oil
50, P Center cut fraction Corn oil
(total) (<0.5% impurities)
Not Not given Corn oil
given, M
5-10, M Analytical graded'£ Corn oil
2-3, M,P Analytical graded'C Corn oil
LDSO
(moles/kg) a
0.12°
(0.095-0.016)
0.038e
(0.031-0.045)
0.019
0.0356
(0.032-0.038)
0.03C
(0.026-0.034)
0.038e
(0.033-0.042)
0.0316
Reference
Plaa et al. (1958)
Klaassen and Plaa
Takeuchi (cited in
1976)
Gehring (1968)
Priestley and Plaa
Klaassen and Plaa
Klaassen and Plaa
(1966)
NIOSH
(1976)
(1969)
(1967)
?In the reference, values were given in mill illters/kilogram.
The compound was administered subcutaneously to this group of mice.
,10-day observation period.
Impurities: 0.5% nitromethane, 0.2% trichloroethylene, 0.2% tetrachloroethylene by weight. Inhibited with 1.8% dioxane
by weight.
-24 hr after dosing.
The composition is not stated explicitly in the report. It is assumed that it was the same material tested in the 1966
report with mice because these are essentially species-comparison studies.
-------
16 SAMPLE TITLE PAGE
Supplied by the OPTS Publications
Office (ISSB)
Limit title to 10 or lewcr words
For in-house documents, list author
(wnhout degrees or titles) and division
for IAGS, list authors (without
degrees or titles) as they appear on
Optional I-orm 272, Department
of Commerce, block 7, together with
their organizational name and location
r-or IAGS or contrails, add appropriate
extramural or contract number
For contract reports, list authors
(without degrees or titles), as they
appear on Optional I-orm 272,
Department ot Commerce, block 7
Do not use a contractor's
organizational name or location,
except lor reports to the Congress *
For contract or IAG, give project officer
(without degree or title), the division,
and the office name and address
When a public organization originates
the document in cooperation with CPA,
give that information several spaces
below the project officer's name
and address
This study was conducted
in cooperation with
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
200 Constitution Avc , NW
Washington. DC 20210
It an EPA study was performed
tor another governmental agency,
add
Prepared lor
Consumer Product Safety
Commission
5401 Westbard Ave
Bethesda, MD 20207
EPA Report Hunter
Month and Year of Publication
TITLE (ALL CAPS. CENTERED)
Subtitle (if applicable)
Author!B)
Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge. TN 37630
Number
• Project Officer(s)
Division
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, DC 20460
• •»
I
OFFICE OF PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, DC 20460
Publisher's full name always appears
on title page, with city, state, and
zip code
*Ncw OMB guidelines require the provision of the following information on the cover page of reports
to the Congress' name and business address
-------
17 SAMPLE OTS FORMS USED IN PREPARING DOCUMENTS FOR REVIEW AND
DISTRIBUTION
17.1 OTS DOCUMENT CLEARANCE FORM
1. Title of Document
No. pages
2. OTS Author/Project Officer (PO)
2a. Signature of Author/PO
3. Date of Draft
2b. OTS Branch/Division
4. Type of Document
In-House
Extramural
2c. Telephone Number
2d. Extramural Originator
5. Doei the document contain copyrighted material?
Yes D No LJ
5a. If yes. has permission been granted for use of ajl
copyrighted or otherwise restricted material?*
Ye, D No D
•Attach copies of permission letters to this form.
2e. Document Completion Date
2f. Extramural I.D No
6. Publisher
7. Distribution
8. Abstract1 Overview, list of principal findings
and/or conclusions, relationship of document
to EPA activity
9. Reviewer(s)
Affiliation
Date
11. Approvals
11 a. OTS Branch Chief
lib. OTS Division Director
12. Policy
Issues
Signature
Signature
13. Impact
Issues
Date
/ /
Date
/ /
14. Press
Release
15. Office Manager. OTS. Signature (if appropriate)
Date
10. Editor
16. EPA Report Number
43
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Manual
2220.1
OTS MANUAL FOR PREPARING DOCUMENTS
17.2 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING BLOCKS 1-15 OF OTS CLEARANCE
FORM
Block
1. Type or print the document's full title, which is not
to exceed 10 words. Include a subtitle, if
applicable, and the number of pages.
2. Type or print the name of the document's in-house
author or the name of the project officer (PO) on the
contract. If a document has more than one author, use
the name of the first author.
2a. Signature of author or PO.
2b. Use acronyms, e.g., TRDB/AD.
2c. Your office telephone number.
2d. If you are the PO, give the name of the contractor or
the agent of cooperative agreement, interagency
agreement (IAG), or memorandum of understanding.
2e. The month and year the final draft of the document was
completed. This date appears on the title page.
2f. For example, a contract or IAG number. This number
generally appears on the title page.
3. The date the draft was submitted to the branch chief.
4. For example, a support document, a Phase I report.
Was the document prepared in-house or extramurally?
Check one.
Routine documents include those prepared for
comprehensive assessment and priority assessment
plans, support documents, rules, preambles,
transcripts of public meetings, reports from
cooperative agreements and lAGs, memorandums of
understanding, and contractors' reports.
Special documents include those prepared for a
specific user audience, usually at the request of a
high-level agency official (e.g., problem-oriented
reports, operations manuals).
44
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Manual
2220.1
OTS MANUAL FOR PREPARING DOCUMENTS
Other documents include bibliographies, conference or
workshop proceedings, and papers for journals, books,
oral presentations, and/or conferences.
5. If the document contains information requiring
permission for use, check "yes." Attach all
permission letters to the Document Clearance Form.
For guidance, consult the discussion of copyright in
this manual beginning on p. 12.
5a. If permission has been granted for all copyrighted and
otherwise restricted materials, check "yes."
6. Is the document to be published by EPA or a
contractor; is it to appear in a book or journal?
7. Who will distribute the published material and in what
quantity?
8. Summarize the topic of the document, highlighting the
key concepts. List the principal findings and/or
conclusions and, when possible, explain their bearing
on specific OTS policy, action, or other areas of
responsibility. (Attach any additional abstract pages
to the Document Clearance Form.) The same abstract
can be used on the Report Documentation Page (See
sample, section 17.3, p. 46).
9-10. Type or print the name and affiliation of each
revi'ewer and the editor and the date of review.
11-15. Type or print the names of the branch chief and
division director in the appropriate slots; they are
to sign and date the form when they complete their
review. The division director, after deciding (a)
whether a document reflects policy and/or impact
issues and thus should go on to. the DAA and (b)
whether a press release would be in the public
interest, will check the appropriate boxes.
16. The Publications Office staff in ISSB will assign an
EPA Report Number upon receipt of a completed OTS
Document Clearance Form.
45
-------
17.3 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
II iMIBBHVOlSWIIfM
IS !••»
• A^O-
u »,»>«
OMKMM. FOHM 179 M-
17.4 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
17 « INSTRUCTIONS FOB COMPLETING THE REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
DO NOT PRINT THESE INSTRUCTIONS AS A PAGE IN A REPORT
INSTRUCTIONS
Optional Form 272 Repon Documentation Page is based on Guidelines lor Format and Production Qi Scieniihc jno T«nnicji
Reports ANSI ZM Ifl-1974 available Irom American National Standaras Institute "30 Broadway N«* fon> N«» VOM lOOlB
Eacn separately bouna report - for eiampte each volume m » mutnvoiume MI - snail na*e us unique Reoon Documentation
Page
1 Report Number Each individually bound report snail carry a unique alphanumeric designation assigned By mt petlormmg
organization o> proviaed by in* sponsoring orginnaiion m accordance «un American National Standard ANSI
29923-1974 Tecnmcai Repon Number iSTRN) For registration 01 report cooe contact NTIS Repon Nwmbr>i
Clearinghouse Springfield V* 22i6l UM uppercase letters Arabic numerals siasnes ana nvpnens oni, it m me
following e-antplM FASEEUNS-7Sfir ana FAAIRO-7&/09
2 Leave Dtann
3 Recicwnt s Aceestion Number Regeraed lot us* Dy *Kn report iec me specific volume
5 Rapori 0«ie Eacn report snail carry a daie indicating u teaai monin and year indicate in« u»ia on .men u •«» tei«.m
le g date o> isiue date oi approval due oi prepar«>on date pubtrshed)
6 Sponsoring Agency Code LM«* Manh
7 Authonu Give named) m conventional txoer ie g Jonn R Doe ex j Aobwt Doei Lm autnor» atdiianon ii n aiders trom
ine perrorming organization
8 Perlormina Organuaiion Repori Numbti Insen il perlorming organKano
•iaf«i to assign inn number
9 Perlorming Organiuiion Name ana Hailing Aod>«s Give name tueei city Stale ana ZIP code List no moie man two
iev«s ol an oroamtanonai Hierarchy Display tna name of the organisation eiactiy as it VKMid appear m Qovemmeni
•noeiei sucn as Government Repons Announcemenis i indei IGRA A U
to Project'Task/wort Unit Numpef Use IM preieci task ana «MXk unn nurnbers unaer «mcn the rept, t *as prewea
tl ConiraciiGrani Number insert contract or gram number under •(ncn repon was prepared
i? Sponsorine Agency Name and M*nng Address include ZIP code die main sponsors
13 Type ol Repori and Period Covered Sitie mienm final etc and it applicable inclusive dates
14 Pertoiming Oroanitanon Code Leave blank
e but uselui sucn as Prepared m cooperanon .im
15 Supplementary Notes Enter mfoonation not included
Tranuaiion ol Presented ai conference or To be putMigned n
When a report is revised include a iiiiemem
16 ADstiact tnciuoe a brief (200 •ofdi 01 lessl factual sumnary ol the mosi s«nilicant ini&rmation contained m me repon n
the report contains a significant btbuograpnv or literature survey mention n nere
17 Document Analysis lai Descriptors Select Irom in* Tneuuful of Engineering ana Scientific Terms the proper auirwiieu
terms mat identify me maior concept ol me teuwcn and are sulhcienily ipecilic and precise to be usea as indei entr.*s
in identifiers and Open Enovd Terms UM idenniiers fpr proreci names code names equipment aesignatois etc use
open ended terms written in descriptor 'oim for those subiecis for wriicti no descriptor eitsis
tci COSATi Frerd'G'oup FieW ana Group aMtgnmenit are to be laken fiom me 1964 COSAli Subtect Category List Since
me maioriiy o> oocumenis are mulndnciplinarv in naiuie me primary FieidfGroup assiflnmentisi *i" be me specific
disciiMine area oi human endeavor or type of physical obiect Tne appucanomsi *.n be cioss ielerenced *nn seconnari,
FieiarGioup assignments mat wil loiiow me primary posnngcsi
18 dsif ibuiion Staiemeni Denote public retMsabmiy lor example Release unlimited or limitation for IMSOHS omer m«n
security Cite any aMarianiiiv to the puHie «rtn address oroer number and price il known
19 ft 20 Security Classification Enter US Security Ciassi1.cat.on m accordance *nn US Secufnv Reguuncms
He UNCLASSIFIED)
2t Number oi pages insert me total numeci of pagev including miiooucior* pages but ••dueling a>sir>bunon iisi n paper copy (PC) andfor miciolicne |MF) .1 known
-------
17.5 REVIEW COVER SHEET
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON. D C 20460
9 Reviewer's general comments (attech additional theeti if necessary)
OFFICE OF PC5TICIDCS ANU 1OKIC 5UHSI
Dale lent to reviewer.
1 Reviewer Tel no
2 Document title
3 OTS author/proiect officer Tel no
4 OTS branch and division _
5 Type of document
6 Stnui of draft Oate of draft.
7 OTS information coordinator Tel no
8 Any specific instructions to reviewer
10 Reviewer'• signature Oate .
47
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Manual
2220.1
OTS MANUAL FOR PREPARING DOCUMENTS
17.6 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE REVIEW COVER SHEET
Date sent to reviewer:
The author of a document dates this cover sheet on the day the
manuscript goes to a reviewer.
Author:
1. Print or type the name of the reviewer and the
daytime number at which he/she can be reached.
2. Print or type the title of the document to be
reviewed.
3-4. Print or type your name, office telephone number, and
branch and division in OTS.
5. Examples of types of documents are a Phase I report,
the bibliography for a literature search, a speech.
6. Is the document a preliminary draft or a final
report? When was this version of the document
completed?
7. Print or type the name of your branch information
coordinator.
8. Use this space for instructions to the reviewer:
e.g., any areas in a report to which you want a
particular reviewer to give special attention; the
date by which you need the document reviewed.
Reviewer:
9. The reviewer uses this space for comments, which may
run onto additional pages.
10. Reviewer's signature and the date of his/her review.
48
-------
17.7 PERMISSION FORM, JOURNAL
•JNITEO STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCV
III MAI(HIA( QuOTfO
17.8 PERMISSION FORM, BOOK
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACENCV
WASHINGTON O C 20*tO
TiwO"i» I'Hiuvii iq *a** mm in iiw U 5 C
•H.CP. .,11 B* '.vntwH) •« tun h. Hll$
49
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Manual
2220.1
OTS MANUAL FOR PREPARING DOCUMENTS
17.9 DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARING OTS COPYRIGHT PERMISSION FORMS
Complete items 1-3 before you send a permission form to a
copyright owner:
(1) Describe the type of document in which the requested
material will appear: e.g., Phase I report or support
document, and its title.
(2) Specify the parts of the text you want to quote. Provide
the opening and closing phrases of the quoted text,
inserting an ellipsis between the phrases. The page
number(s) for each quote should follow the closing phrase.
If you are asking permission to reproduce a figure, table,
or other illustration, give the numerical designation and
caption or title used in the original text (e.g., Figure 1.
Metabolic pathway.).
(3) The information requested here is self-explanatory.
(4) The copyright owner will sign and date the form (and
reproduce it for his or her files). The copyright holder
can indicate on the form any fee that is involved.
50
-------
17.10 RECEIPT OF MANUSCRIPT FOR PRINTING
Receipt of Manuscript
for Printing
Title
EPA no
Project officer
No pages
No pieces original art .
Cover art C]
Received by
Spine D
Date of receipt
*'«.
17.11 TRANSLATION SERVICE REQUEST
TRANSLATION SERVlCC REQUEST
fflmmtm <*•« f ft* ia«iiwcliwit •*!••>
'•OH f»». Or|MI«*IM •»••• •M»taM»*«
IOU»»L ritLi
KM* •uil'»»f«
•UTHQH
L*MOu*ai ••£•!
POBIIfiB TIlLl
vOkiiM |»>ati B«*f
••Oil l*Tf
>eu*ci o» eiT»Tio*
(•CCI'b ••QUI»tHI>TB
INSTRUCTIONS
1 Ce^lM* • Mpwvtt R«qit« Fora (or rack lira lutaincd to to ti«iil«*d AU«ch EPA For* 1900-»/Pr«:i»r»*rr
Kmtf^wt) wnb • (wdi cmuflcHioa u eovvr ito MtiB««d CMI of tto tiMilMiea nqMttvd
2. Tto 'ompi wi«ia*l stovld to •atounotf i* di«lic«» OngiMli will MI to mined uoliM •M«i'i=*Jl> rtquctitd
3 Fofvwd Ito Riqacil Fom. Ito PronmMt R«qM«t wd lh» on|iaili w to tniulittd te
U S Cavimurail PraiMtioa AgMcy
€••!•! TraaslMien ProfTMi
Libnr* Syum Bnach
VUhi7CioB DC XM60
»O* O»»iCl«
o«Tt •teiiHto |BU» CIIOID ouv
co"T"*eT°*
1 1
Ml OML*
IN *• HO
0»»t Ou* 0**l ••
•CCOu****a o»'«
.ni **t«
51
-------
18
ADDITIONAL STYLE AIDS FOR AUTHORS
18.1 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN
CAS PUBLICATIONS
A ampere
A angstrom unit
•- atto- (10 "l
abs absolute
abstr abstract
Ac acetvl (CHjCO not CHjCOOl
• c alternating current
addn addition
addnl additional! In
aJc alcohol alcoholic
aliph aliphatic
oik alkaline (not alkali i
alk> alkalimtv*
a m ante meridiem
ami amount
amu atomic mass unit
anal analysis'. analvticalllv)
anhvd anhydrous
AO atomic orbital
app apparatus
•pproz approximate! l> )
approin approzimanon
aq aqueous
aromatic
ciate
ciated
aaaociating
aasociation
at atomic (not atom)
atm atmosphere (thr unit I
atm atmosphere atmospheric
ATPaae adenoametriphosphalase
»\ averaie
b (followed b\ a figure denoting
temperature) boil; at boiling
at (aimilarlv b,j, at 13 mm
preasure)
bbl barrel
bcc bod} centered cubic
BeV or Ge\ billion electron volts
BOD biochemical oiygen demand
yB Bohr magneton
b p boiling point
Btu British thermal unit
Bu butv) (normal)
bu bushel
Bi benzovl (C.H.CO not C.H,CH,>
•C degree Celsius (centigrade)
c- centi- (10-*)
cal calorie
caic calculate
calcd calculated
calcg calculatinf!
calcn calculation
CD circular dichroism
c d current denaitv
cf compare
cfm cubic feet per minute
chem chemical(lv) chemistr\
Ci curie
chn clinical(lv)
CoA coenzvme A
COD chemical oiygen demand
coefT coefficient
com commercial(l> I
eompd compound
compn composition
cone concentrate
coned concentrated
concg concentrating
concn concentration
cond conductivity'
const constant
contg containing
cor corrected
CP chemically pure
cm critical
cryat crystalline (not cryttallite)
cryitd crystallized
cryata, cryatallizint
crystn cryalallizalion
cwt hundredweight
D debye unit
d- deci- (10 ')
d density* (d11. densitv at 13*
referred to water at 4* d", at
20* referred to water at the
aame temperature)
da- deka- 110')
d c direct current
decomp decompose
decompd decomposed
decora pr decomposing
decompn decomposition
degrdn degradation
deriv derivative
del determine
detd determined
detg determining
deln delerminaliun
diam diameter
dil dilute
dild diluted
dilg diluting
diln dilution
diuoc dissociate
diasocd dissociated
diasocg dissociating
dissocn dissociation
distd distilled
dislg distilling
distn distillation
DMF dimelh\lformamide
DNa«e deoivribonucleav
d p degree of polymerization
dpm disintegration* per minute
DTA differential thermal anal) sit
E- eta- (10"i
ED effective dose
EEC electroencephalogram
e g for esample
EKC electrocardiogram
elec electric electncaliM
emf electromotive force
emu electromagnet ir unn
en ethvlenediamme (used in
Werner completes onK I
equil equilibnumis)
equiv equivalent uhr unit I
equiv equivalent
eap especiallv
est estimate
old estimated
eslg estimating
estn estimation
esu electrostatic unit
El ethvl
el al and others
etc et cetera
eV electron volt
evap evaporate
evapd evaporated
evapg evaporating
evapn evaporation
ezand ezammed
ezamg examimnp
ezamn examination
ezpt ezpenmeni
eiptl eiperimentaKKi
en eztraci
end eztracted
eilg extracting
eztn eztraction
F farad
*F degree Fahrenheit
f- femto- (10 "i
fee face centered cubic
fermn fermentation
f p freezing point
FSH follicle cumulating hormone
ft foot
ft-lb foot-pound
C gauss
G- (iga-IIO*)
g (run
(g) gas onlv as in H,0(gi
I graviutional constant
(al gallon
B grain (weight unit)
nenrv.
h- hecto- (101)
ha hectare
Hb hemoglobin
h hour
Hz hertz (cycles/sec)
ID infective dose
i e that is
Ig immunoglobulm
im mtramuscular(K)
in inch
more inorganic
insol insoluble
irradn irradiation
II International I nil
i v inlravenousilv i
J joule
K kelvm
k- kill.- (llVi
L liter
III liquid onlv a* in NHjdl
lab laboratory
Ib pound
LCAO linear combination of atomic
orbital'
LD lethal dust
LH lutemizmg hormone
liq liquid
1m lumen
li luz
m- milli- (10 s)
m meter
m melts at melting at
m molaJ
M mega (10*i
M molar
manuf manufacture
manufd manufactured
manulg manufacturing
math mathematical! K i
max maximum!*)
Me methvl (not metal)
mech mechanicalllv l (not
mechanism I
metab metabolism
mi mile
mm minute (time)
mm minimumis)
misc miscellaneous
mm mixture
MO molecular orbital
mo month
mol mole (the uniu
mol molecule molecular
m p melting point
mph miles per hour
u micron also micro I Id"*)
MSH melanorvte-stiinulaiing
hormone
Mi maxttell
n- nano- (
n refractive mdez In" for 20* and
sodium D light)
N newton
N normal (as applied to
concentration)
neg negative(lv)
no number
obad observed
Oe oersted
n ohm
org organic
ozidn ozidation
oz ounce
P- peta (10")
P poise
p pico- (10 "I
Pa pa«cal
pd potential difference
Ph pnenv I
phy> phvsicaKKI
p 01 post meridiem
polynia polvroerized
polymg polvmenzing
polymn polymerization
DOS" positive! l> I
powd powdered
ppb part* per billion
ppm parts per million
ppt precipitate
pptd precipitated
pplg precipitating
pptn precipitation
Pr propvl (normal)
prep prepare
prepd prepared
prepc preparing
prepn preparation
prodn production
psi pounds per square inch
psia pounds per square inch
absolute
psig pounds per square inch gage-
pi pint
purifn purification
pv pyndine (used in Vterner
complexe' onlv i
qt quart
qua! qualitativedv i
quant quantitaliveilv i
R roentgen
redn reduction
ref reference
rem roenlgen equivalent man
rep roenlgen equivalent phvsical
reprodn reproduction
resoln resolution
resp respective! l> i
RNase ribonucleast
rpm revolutions per minute
nQ respiraton quotient
S Siemens
(si aohd onlv as in Afcdlsi
upon saponificaiion
sapond saponified
aapong aaponifvmg
sal saturate
aatd saturated
satg saturating
aaln saturation
&c subcutaneousdv i
SCE saturated calomel electrode
SCF self-consistent field
s second (lime unn onlv i
sec secondarv (niih alkvl group1-
onlv I
sep separatedv i
aepd separated
aepg separating
sepn separation
sol soluble
aoln solution
solv solubilnv'
sp specific (used onlv to qualifv
phvsical constant i
sp gr specific grav it v
sr steradian
Si stokes
sid standard
svm svmmeirictalMlv)
T- tera- (10"i
tr> tablespoon
TEAE-cellulott triethvlaminoethvl
cellulose
tech technical! M
temp temperature
ttn tertiarv (Kith alkvl groups
onlv)
theor theoretical! K i
thermodn thermodvnamicia*
titrn titralion
tap teaspoon
DSP United State* Pharmacopeia
L'V ultraviolet
V volt
vs versus
vol volume (not volatile)
V, watt
wk week
wt weigh!
yd yard
yr year
ip inlraperiloneal(lv)
IR in
infrared
Plurals of noun abbreviations are formed bv adding 's* to the singular
abbreviation eicept when a single abbreviation i« designated u» shn» both the
singular and plural forms and eicept for words marked ' ohose plural* are not
abbreviated Verb forms that require *s' are treated similarlv V* ords formed
b) adding prefiies to words nonnallv abbreviated are also abbreviated as
microchem for microchemical Acronvms listed in the CA Indrt Guide are
used without definition Other well established unit abbreviations empluved
m specialized subject areas are also used Unit abbreviation* signifv both
singular and plural forms Words ending in -olog\ or -ologicaldv I are ab =
breviated -ol e g genl for geologv Vt ord« ending in -ographv or -ograph =
ic(all(l>I are abbreviated-og eg chromalog for chromatographic
Source Material reprinted from Chemical Abstracts is copyrighted by the American Chemical Society
and is reproduced with permission No further copying is permitted
52
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18.2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR STATES AND TERRITORIES IN THE UNITED
STATES*
Alabama AL
Alaska AK
Arizona AZ
Arkansas AR
American Samoa AS
California CA
Canal Zone CZ
Colorado CO
Connecticut CT
Delaware DE
District of Columbia DC
Florida FL
Georgia GA
Guam GU
Hawaii HI
Idaho ID
Illinois IL
Indiana IN
Iowa IA
Kansas KS
Kentucky KY
Louisiana LA
Maine HE
Maryland MD
Massachusetts MA
Michigan MI
Minnesota MN
Mississippi MS
Missouri MO
Montana MT
Nebraska NE
Nevada NV
New Hampshire NH
New Jersey NJ
New Mexico NM
New York NY
North Carolina NC
North Dakota ND
Ohio OH
Oklahoma OK
Oregon OR
Pennsylvania PA
Puerto Rico PR
Rhode Island RI
South Carolina SC
South Dakota SD
Tennessee TN
Trust Territories TT
Texas TX
Utah UT
Vermont VT
Virginia VA
Virgin Islands VI
Washington HA
West Virginia WV
Wisconsin WI
Wyoming WY
•To be used when space must be conserved and in addresses.
3 PROOFREADERS' MARKS
Use the following standard proofreaders' marks when
correcting a manuscript. The use of these traditional marks
will expedite the typing of a manuscript.
PROOFREADERS' MARKS
if* or JTor 7 *l™ i-keX°»i
C clOK up print il eyw word
or > or A caret
/ umj 10 up irjli ivo or mnre markt
and ofun it « cuiuludini tlrok* il
Ihi md of HI mkrlion
£ L"1 'inner 10 IfK left
J hil forilur to ilK rif hi
*"* wl w or fl •! lisaiurei > or fl
/( tf ttrji|hlcn or ilifn
V imperfect or broken clurarier
Q indent or inlcri em qiud teace
«J hrgin j r*» rMrjgraph
^ UKll out
ttf Ul in ygmfe CAPITALS)
or f C Igr in |m ill i.iml il^ ^t
Qim Kl in famait 'rum 111^
kf- KI in bol.ir.n (boldtoK
or -/or £ or/ryh>phen
g orJJ n/f/i* diOtdW1 ':>
_/i or£>nr/£^em - or lone — dish
V luptrwripl nr lulKrior t&ii in fr ^
/\ uburjct or mfvTiiir (MI in H O
$ or V centered fjfor 4 kenicred dor tnr
r^comnu
* IpourophL
O pirirtd
{ Of |/ wntKOlon
: or Q colon
5 J or v £> guouium m^rkt
(/) pircnthevn
l/J bracken
1 DT«KBCI»
qiMr>ia author hu ihu I
53
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