Supplementary Documentation                           DRAFT
                 GENII Version 2
                    Users1 Guide
                     For Advisory with
                 EPA's Science Advisory Board
                 Radiation Advisory Committee


                      April 25, 2000
                      &EPA
Supplementary Documentation                           DRAFT

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GENII Version 2
Users' Guide
B. A. Napier
January 1999
Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830

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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States
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necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United
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of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state  or reflect those of the United States
Government or any agency thereof.
               PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY
                                  operated by
                       BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
                                    for the
                 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
                      under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830

                        Printed in the United States of America
                    Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the
       Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831;
                         prices available from (615) 576-8401.
           Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service,
         U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161

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                                 1.0 INTRODUCTION

The GENII computer code was developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to
incorporate the internal dosimetry models recommended by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the radiological risk estimating procedures of Federal
Guidance Report 13 into updated versions of existing environmental pathway analysis models.
The resulting environmental dosimetry computer codes are compiled in the GENII
Environmental Dosimetry System. The GENII system was developed to provide a state-of-the-
art, technically peer-reviewed, documented set of programs for calculating radiation dose and
risk from radionuclides released to the environment. Although the codes were initially developed
at Hanford, they were designed with the flexibility to accommodate input parameters for a wide
variety of generic sites. A new version of the codes, GENII Version 2, is described in this report.

1.1 GENII Capabilities and Limitations

The GENII system includes the capabilities for calculating radiation doses following chronic and
acute releases. Radionuclide transport via air, water, or biological activity may be considered. Air
transport options include both puff and plume models, each allow use of an effective stack height
or calculation of plume rise from buoyant or momentum effects (or both). Building wake effects
can be included in acute atmospheric release scenarios.  The code provides risk estimates for
health effects to individuals or populations; these can be obtained using the code by applying
appropriate risk factors to the effective dose equivalent or organ dose.  In addition, Version 2
uses cancer risk factors from Federal Guidance Report 13 to estimate risk to specific organs or
tissues.

Data entry is accomplished via interactive, menu-driven user interfaces. Default exposure and
consumption parameters are provided for both the average (population) and maximum
individual, however these may be  modified by the user. Source term information may be entered
as radionuclide release quantities for transport scenarios, or as basic radionuclide concentrations
in environmental media (air, water, soil). For input of basic or derived concentrations, decay of
parent radionuclides and ingrowth
of radioactive decay products prior to the start of the exposure scenario may be considered. A
single code run can accommodate unlimited numbers  of radionuclides including the source term
and any radionuclides that accumulate from decay of the parent, because the system works
sequentially on individual decay chains.

The code package also provides interfaces, through the Framework for Risk Analysis in
Multimedia Environmental Systems (FRAMES), for external calculations of atmospheric
dispersion, geohydrology, biotic transport, and surface water transport. Target populations are
identified by direction and distance (radial or square grids for Version 2) for individuals,
populations, and for intruders into contained sources.

A stochastic edition of GENII  Version 1, named GENII-S, was developed for the Waste Isolation
Pilot Plant assessments by Sandia National Laboratory (Leigh et al. 1992).  GENII Version 2 is
completely stochastic, using the FRAMES SUM3 driver.

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1.2 GENII Pathways and Scenarios

Available release scenarios include chronic and acute releases to water or to air (ground level or
elevated sources), and initial contamination of soil or surfaces. GENII implements the NRC
model in LADTAP for surface water doses. GENE does not explicitly include modules for
performing groundwater transport calculations, however the FRAMES system allows addition of
other computer modules to the GENII system. Exposure pathways include direct exposure via
water (swimming, boating, and fishing), soil (surface and buried sources), air (semi-infinite cloud
and finite cloud geometries), inhalation and ingestion pathways. The tritium model also includes
exposure via skin absorption.

GENII Version 1 implemented dosimetry models recommended by the ICRP  in Publications 26,
30, and 48, and approved for use by DOE Order 5400.5. GENII Version 2 implements these
models plus those of ICRP Publications 56 through 72, and the related risk factors published in
Federal Guidance Report 13. Risk factors in the form of EPA developed "slope factors" are also
included. These dosimetry and risk models are considered to be 'state of the art' by the
international radiation protection community and have been adopted by most national and
international organizations as their standard dosimetry methodology.

13 Hardware Requirements

GENII Version 2 requires Windows 95 or 98 and Pentium processors, and disk storage in excess
of 20 Mbytes.

1.4 Component Programs

GENII Version 2 consists of four independent atmospheric models, one surface water model,
three independent environmental accumulation models, one exposure module, and one dose/risk
module, each with a specific user interface code. The computer programs are of several types:
user interfaces  (i.e., interactive, menu- driven programs to assist the user with scenario
generation and data input), internal and external dose factor libraries, the environmental
dosimetry programs, and FRAMES-supplied file-viewing routines. For maximum flexibility, the
code has been divided into several interrelated, but separate, exposure and dose calculations.

1.5 Quality Assurance (QA) Issues

Both GENII versions were developed under QA plans based on  the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) standard NQA-1 as implemented in the PNNL Quality Assurance Manual. All
steps of the code development have been documented and tested, and hand calculations have
verified the code's implementation of major transport and exposure pathways for a subset of the
radionuclide library.  A collection of hand calculations and other verification activities is
available. A comprehensive test plan has been developed and testing is underway.

GENII Version 1 has been included in the International Atomic Energy Agency's VAMP project

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(VAlidation of Model Predictions - an acronym for the Coordinated Research Program on
Validation of Models for the Transfer of Radionuclides in Terrestrial, Urban and Aquatic
Environments), an international effort to compare environmental radionuclide transport models
with measured environmental data. Results for test scenario CB (based on environmental
measurements following the Chernobyl accident) indicated that dose estimates from GENII were
comparable to, although slightly higher than, those of other participating models, which is
consistent with its primary function as a prospective analysis tool. The models included in the
code have been validated to various degrees by additional studies, however these have not been
compared directly to output from the code.

1.6 Documentation and Availability

The overall system design is documented in the GENII Version 2 Software Design Document
(Napier et al. 1999). Specific instruction on the use of FRAMES and the SUMS processor is
available in electronic and print forms (Gelston et al. 1998). This report explains user
interactions with the GENII modules themselves. A series of example cases are available
electronically; these are described in Napier (1999).

Electronic documentation of GENII Version 2 is availalbe, and the code, documentation, and
users' manuals will be made available through the Internet by the US Environmental Protection
Agency in the near future.

1.7 References for Section 1

Napier, B. A., R. A. Peloquin, D. L. Strenge, and J. V. Ramsdell. 1988.  GENII - The Hanford
Environmental Radiation Dosimetry Software System. PNL-6584, Vols. 1-3. Pacific Northwest
Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

Leigh, C. D., B. M. Thompson, J. E. Campbell, D. E. Longsine, R. A. Kennedy, and
B. A. Napier. 1992. User's Guide for GENII-S: A Code for Statistical and Deterministic
Simulations of Radiation Doses to Humans from Radionuclides in the Environment, SAND91-
0561 A, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Napier, B. A., D. L. Strenge, J. V. Ramsdell, Jr., P.W. Eslinger, and C. F. Fosmire.  1999.  GENII
Version 2 Software Design Document, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland
Washington.

Napier, B.A. 1999. GENII Version 2 Example Calculation Descriptions.  Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland Washington.

Gelston, G.M., M.A. Pelton, KJ. Castleton, B.L. Hoopes, R.Y Taira, P.W. Eslinger, G. Whelan,
P.D. Meyer, and B.A. Napier. 1998. GENII Version 2 Sensitivity/Uncertainty Multimedia
Modeling Module Users' Guidance, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland
Washington.

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                        2.  Using the GENII Surface Water Module
The GENII surface water component allows the user to define the type of water body being
modeled and necessary parameters for the selected type.  The main screen of the GENII Surface
Water Module User Interface is shown in Figure 2.1.
           riv3 - GENII Surface Water Module
         File  Rtterence  Help
!  ( Type of release and body of water
  i
,>  I Duration of the release to the surface water
i  ! Usage Location
  i Travel dme in surface water
'  |
I  : Total volumetric flow rate of river for location
                                             Chronic near-shore lake
                                             Chronic Flow Dilution
                                                                       Reft 0
                                            |GENII_Ch[onic(fcm4)
                                             """""
        ' \
        jValue must be > 0 and <= 50000 0 nrT3/s(s).
               Figure 2.1 GENE Surface Water Transport Module initial screen
Select the surface water type representative of the transport being evaluated.  The current surface
water types are: acute river, chronic river, chronic flow dilution (river), and near-shore lake.
Click on the down arrow to see and select from the list of types.

Enter the duration of the release to the surface water body and select the correct units.  Note that
the calculated water concentration is assumed to be released uniformly over this period, with zero
concentration after the end of the release.

Notice that all parameters requiring a numeric value have units and ranges.  The code will
internally convert from one set of units to another if the units tabs are selected. The allowable
ranges for numerical values scroll across the bottom of the screen - values outside of these
ranges will not be accepted.
Select the exposure location associated with the surface water transport analysis.  The locations
shown are those currently defined and connected to this surface water transport glyph.  If more

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that one exposure location is available (click on the down arrow to see the list of available
locations), then information for all locations should be defined before saving and exiting the user
interface.

Enter the time required for transport of water from the source to the exposure location and select
the correct units. Note that decay and progeny radionuclide ingrowth is calculated for this period
of time and included in the calculated water concentrations at the exposure location.

The screen for near-shore lake environments is shown in Figure 2.2.  The other model selections
have similar screens.
            riv3 - GENII Surface Watei Module
   Type of release and body of water

'f  Duration of the release to the surface water
i  <
   Depth of the discharge point in Ihe water body


';  : Usage Location
L  s
   Travel time in surface water

   Average long-shore flow velocity

   Long-shore distance to exposure point

   Offshore distance to water intake for exposure point

   Constant long-shore flow depth

I
                                                   L^jZllvL
                                                   L
Jfc.
jgiRehO
fzjWo
                                            j GENII_Chronic (fcm4)
                                                   r   '  :* I*      i
         jHlRefcO
        [[Value must be >J) and <= 100.0 rnjs). _
                     Figure 2.2  Near-shore lake environment input screen

Enter the depth of the source discharge point to the near-shore lake environment and select the
correct units.  This parameter is used only for the near-shore lake model.

Enter the total volumetric discharge rate of the river at the exposure location and select the
correct units.  This is the dilution volume per time use to estimate the water concentration. This
parameter is used only for the acute river model and the chronic flow dilution model.

Enter the average flow velocity for the river or near-shore lake current and select the correct
units.  The models assume that the flow velocity is constant between the source and exposure
location.
Enter the distance of flow between the source and the exposure location and the correct units.

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This parameter is used for the chronic river and the near-shore lake models.

Enter the perpendicular distance from the shoreline to the water intake port at the exposure
location, and select the correct units.  This parameter (offshore distance) is use for the chronic
river and the near-shore lake models. The value entered for the offshore distance for the river
model must be less than or equal to the value entered for the river width.

Enter the average depth of the river or near-shore lake flow path between the source and the
exposure location, and select the correct units.

Enter the average width of the river between the source and the exposure location, and select the
correct units.

When all data have been entered, click on the "File" header, and choose "Save and Exit".  If the
data are correct and no changes are required, the "Exit" command may be used instead - no
updates to the input files will be made:  If either of these techniques is not used to exit from the
user interface, an error message will be generated and data will need to be re-entered.

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                   3. Using the GENII Atmospheric Transport Models
Four atmospheric transport models are provided in the GENII package. These are chronic and
acute plume (Straight-line Gaussian) models and chronic and acute Lagrangian puff models.
Each is useful depending on the nature of the problem at hand and the data available.  The puff
models require hourly meteorolgical input; the plume models will run with joint frequency of
occurrence data as well as hourly inputs.

3.1 Chronic Plume Model
The primary input screen for the chronic plume model is illustrated in Figure 3.1.
      aii3 - GENII Update Atmospheiic Model
    Fie      .   -
    Model Information |  Source Information I

                       Other Model Parameters I Fie Information 1

         Receptor Radi
Receptors per Radi
Ret 0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
«n
Distance
805.0
2414.0
4023.0
5632.0
7241.0
12069.0
24135.0
40255.0
56315.0
77405 n
A
W
»r
                                      (•'16
            C36
                    Figure 3.1 Chronic Plume Model initial input screen

The chronic plume model uses a radial grid. The number of radii is variable depending on the
nature of the available data. If only compass point joint-frequency data are available, a 16-point
compass can be used.  If the data are available in 10s of degrees, a 36-point compass may be
used. The downwind distances for calculations are user selectable. The defaults for the distances
reflect 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5,4.5, 75,15, 25, 35, and 45 miles in meters.

Figure 3.2 illustrates the "Other Model Parameters" tab.  These are generally not varied by the
user.
                                    .,_•>•» iieai^uariers LU,...
                                       Mail cede 3201
                                ' ~33 Pennsylvania wwenue TC'"
                                              n DC 2«

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    <•. aii3 - GENII Update Atmospheric Model
   1 Re  ;c<'5--
     Model Infomation | Source Information! .   .  _   .      	

       Receptor Parameters i Qth^f Model Parameters l| Fjtelnformationl
        Sigma Parameterization to Use:
                         Ret 0
                    Sigma y value to shift to semi^irwte cbud shine
                               12
                                                                   Im
         Transfer Resbtence fa jio.0      plri    jr]l Ref:
                           Reh 0

                           Ref: 0

                           Reh 0
        r~i; Use User's supplied Calm Wind Distribution
                                        • n «.-.-.
                                                                            -«""••"«"*•.'
                                                                                •«""-'••"""•*-

                            Figure 3.2 Other Model Parameters tab
Figure 3.3 illustrates the "File Information" tab. This tab allows the user to direct the code to the
appropriate meteorological data file for input.

If joint frequency data are available, the Process JFD tab may be chosen to activate the model to
process the information into the appropriate format.  If hourly data are available, the Process
Hourly Data button is used. If the data are already in the appropriate format, the file name may be
inserted using the Change Meteorological Data button.  The necessary data types, file formats,
and other processing information are described in the Appendix.

The Source Information tab is illustrated in Figure 3.4.  This tab allows selection of calculation
of plume rise by the code. In addition, certain enhanced dispersion options, described in the
GENII Version 2 Software Design Document, may be selected on this screen.

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  aii3 - GENII Update Atmospheric Model
FDe
 Model Information | Source Infamabon]
                             HHDI
   Receptor Parameters I Other Model Parameters LEfelnfoanatiotuI

      Meteorological Data Fie must be in a specific fomtaL Use the foDowng two buttons to create a met He:
             Process HourV Data
          Process JFD
     Path and Name of Meteorological Data File.
     C:\FUI\W1CH88SM.MET
     I     Change Meteorological Fie

     Path and Name of Cloud Shine Library:
     C.\FUI\CSHNUB.DAT	
     |     Change Ooud Shhe IJbfay~]
                            Figure 33 File Information tab
  air3 - GENII Update Atmospheiic Model
Model Information  Source Information |

   Source 1 ]

  Source: src2
     F? PO Plume R'BQ

     |7 Use Enchanced Dispersion
     C EPA'sISC
     F High Wind Correction
     ff PNNL
F Low Wind Correction
                           Figure 3.4  Source Information tab

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3.2 Acute Plume Model

The primary input screens for the Acute Plume model are very similar to those of the Chronic
Plume model. This model also allows selection of 16 or 36 point compass dispersion and upt to
10 distances.

The primary difference is the handling of the hourly input meteorological data.  The Other Model
Parameters tab is shown in Figure 3.5.  This screen allows input of the date and tune to begin the
simulation. This parameter is key to the use of the atmospheric transport model in the estimation
of stochastic dispersion using the SUM3 processor.

If the Use User's supplied Calm Wind Distribution box is checked, addditional information is
required on this page.

The Default Variables tab contains a number of code variable that are not normally used by the
user. They are available here for code development and special implementation purposes.
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el Information ) Source Information] --_-.- -. .-.-^-.-..-.
eceotor Parameters L.Qt^,MQ
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3.3 Chronic Puff Model

The initial input screen for the Chronic Puff model is illustrated in Figure 3.6.  This screen is
parallel in purpose to that shown in Figure 3.1 for the chronic and acute plume models. The puff
models use a rectangular grid for computational purposes.  Th grid may be defined either by
overall size and distance between nodes, or by number of nodes and distance.
      air3 - GENII Updale Atmospheric Model
                                               HHE3I
    FBe  ^
                     OtherModel Parameters!" Ftejrrfqmationl Jjbucelrfprmatonl 7Giti Information.L .
             Q Enter Domain Sizes
                    Enter Number of Nodes
                                          Unit
                                            Number of Nodes
                                     Ref. 0

                               Distance Between Nodes
         Size of Domain (North-South)   |-tcp

         Size of Domain (East-West)
poo
J21	
  [I.   •_„
                   Figure 3.6 Chronic Puff Model Receptor Parameters tab
The next tab is the Other Parameters. This also differs from the parallel tab in the plume models.
 It is illustrated in Figure 3.7. The Run Parameters tab is essentially the same as the plume model
Other Parameter tab. However, the Puff Controls tab is unique. The user will generally not need
to revise these parameters. They control the size of puffs and the combining of puffs.

The File Information tab is similar to the equivalent tab in the plume models; however, it does
not have the option of using joint frequency data. Hourly data is required for input to the puff
models.

The Source Information tab is also similar to the plume models. The Grid Information tab
contains the Set Surface Roughness box; if this is checked, the user must input an array of
surface roughness values for the entire grid.

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*, aii3 • GENII Update Atmospheric Model
Eta
 Receotor Parameters LQtbeiMatelgaametefS i] Fie Information I Source Information]  Gnd Information 1
    Run Parameters   Puff Centrals (Default Values • Normal) Not Changed])
       Normalized Mawnum Radus of Puff (sip; units)
       Number of Puff* per Hour
                                                           |3
Raf-  0
Ref.  0
       Coefficient on Sigma rafter one hour (TwbUtenl Statstcs P«ametenulnn)    |Q5          Ref- 0
                                                                       Ref- 0
        MAxmufn Number 01 TWM Steps
                                                               rso
" Cbnsoidate Puffs
    .. .^.' 2.,±. ' -' »\
                                                J   r
    Figure 3.8  Grid Information tab with Surface Roughness box checked

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3.4 Acute Puff Model

Inputs to the GENII Acute Puff model are essentially identical to those for the Chronic Puff.  The
Other Model Parameters/Run Parameters tab is the same as that for the Acute Plume model
illustrated in Figure 3.5 - it tells the code at what time to begin the simulation using the hourly
data. Other parameters are similar to those described above.

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                           4.  Using the GENII Near Field Module

This user interface controls input for the near-field chronic terrestrial models used to estimate the
radionuclide exposure media concentration for soil-based terrestrial pathways. The analysis starts
with the initial concentration of each pollutant in the three soil compartments: surface soil, deep
soil, and waste package.

4.1 Main Control Screen

The main control screen, Figure 4.1, for the GENII near-field chronic exposure user interface
allows the user to select sources for each soil compartment, make general selections on exposure
pathways to include, and to define some basic parameters for the exposure analysis.

The general selections allow inclusion (control box checked) or exclusion of general classes of
exposure pathways.
•   Terrestrial food ingestion
•   Animal product ingestion
•   The debug option flag should not be used (checked) by the average user as large output files
    may be generated.
                - GENII Near Field Exposure Module
        I File  Defaults Reference Help
        ^Controls f Soil I
             Ref: 0    jx,Annul product ingestion
             Ref: 0    gt Terrestrial food crop ingestion
             Ref:0    jj Debug testing

             Tone from start to exposure
             Duration of exposure period

             End of release period
             Loss of institutional control time prior to exposure
             Absolute humidity, used only for tritium model
OC       jyr      F|
                                                           if: 0

                                                         Ref: 0
                    Ref: 0
[0.008 ____ [a/nTS  h],
Surface soJ source

Deep soil source
Waste package sofl source

Waste package haff Be
                                                                      Ref-.O
                                          |None	—....-,. -77.3!
                                          | None	           	31
                                                  F
         .1*!
                    RefcO

                    Ref: 0
              Figure 4.1  GENII Near Field Exposure Module main control screen

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The parameters entered on the control screen are for description of the timing of the exposure
scenario and other parameters that are general in nature to the overall analysis.

Time from start to exposure is the time from zero to the beginning of the intake analysis. The
duration of exposure begins at the end of the time to start of exposure.

Duration of exposure is the time period over which the individual is exposed. It is measured from
the time given for the start of exposure. A minimum value of 1  year should be provided, and the
value should be in increments of 1 year. The analysis will provide results to the exposure media
intermediate file (EPF extension) for each year in the duration of exposure. A longer exposure
duration will result in a larger output file.

End of release period is the elapsed time measured from time zero to the end of the release (from
air, surface water, or groundwater). Exposures may be evaluated beyond this time period for
exposure to residual activity. This parameter is not used in the GENII Near Field calculations.

Loss of institutional control time prior to exposure is measured backward from the "time to start
of exposure" and must be less than or equal to the "time to start of exposure".

Absolute humidity is used in the special tritium models for food pathways.

The next three items on the controls screen allow the user to define the source for each of the
three soil compartments. The pull-down lists display the source glyphs that are connected to the
current exposure glyph. The user selects the source glyph that is to represent each of the three
soil compartments. It is not necessary to define a source for each compartment, although all
sources should be assigned to one of the compartments.  No more than three source glyphs
should be connected to the exposure glyph (less than three is allowable). While it is allowable to
assign one source glyph to more than one soil compartment, this may not be a realistic situation.

The waste package half life defines the rate at which the  waste package deteriorates and releases
activity to the deep soil. A value for this parameter is needed only if a waste package source is
identified. A zero value for the half life will result in total loss  from the waste package in the
first year.

4.2 Soil - Leaching Screen

The Soil/Leaching Screen is illustrated as Figure 4.2.

The type of leach rate constant option allows selection of the method for specifying the soil loss
rate constant for the leaching model. The rate constant may  be defined in three ways: use of
values in the GENII transport factor data file, calculation of rate constants from user supplied
parameters, or input of rate constants (for each radionuclide). The method is selected from the
pull-down list. When use of the GENII transport factor data file is selected, no additional input is
needed for this screen.

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[lB?fcm3 - GENII Neai Field Exposuie Module EJ 1
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Defaults Reference Help
l&okT Sri | AoricullureJ[ Pathways \ _.___.-,__...-.____ 	 	 -.^_i-~__-
Bachlng j~ Resuspensionl. Description 1 	 _ 	 	 	
,
constant .
. _. .. 	 	 . 	 L. ._
Surface soil thickness J200.Q jcm (ill Reft D
Surface soil moistute content [008 1 fraction [£]j Ref 0
Surface soabi_kdensiri> p g Jgy'cm'S Fjj Rel: 0-
Total mtUtration rate [20 0 Icm/yr |£|! Ref: °
*~ ~ •" ~ ~"~ • ~~
Parent soil absorption coefficient (Kd)
|CESIUM-137+D f] ReKO
***" •-•-— — - - — -— » -»•" '
|0.0 jml/g fj


i
" i
tl
1|
                   Figure 4.2  Soil/Leaching screen with user input selected

User supplied parameters for calculation of the leach rate constant are as follows. Numerical
values and correct units must be entered for each parameter when the rate constant calculation
option is selected.

 Surface soil thickness is the average thickness of the surface soil for use in estimation of the
leach rate constant.  If the surface soil is agricultural land, the thickness should be set to represent
the plow layer.

Surface soil bulk density representative of the surface soil layer at the exposure location.

Surface soil moisture content is the volume fraction of the soil that is moisture.

Total infiltration rate may be evaluated as the total annual precipitation + irrigation rate -
evapotranspiration rate.

Surface absorption coefficient (Kd) for a radionuclide is set representative of conditions for the
surface  soil layer. A value must be entered for each radionuclide in the inventory. The
radionuclide is selected from the pull-down list under the title "Parent soil absorption
coefficient". If the selected parent radionuclide has any progeny, then a list of progeny will
appear to the right of the parent data  input boxes. Absorption coefficients should be entered for
each progeny (if any) in the list for each parent.

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When soil leach rate constants are to be entered by the user, the values are entered for each
radionuclide parent and progeny. The radionuclide is selected from the pull-down list under the
title "Parent soil leach rate constant". If the selected parent radionuclide has any progeny, then a
list of progeny will appear to the right of the parent data input boxes. Leach rate constants should
be entered for each progeny (if any) in the list for each parent.

4.3  Soil - Resuspension Screen
         B?fcm3 ~ GENII Near Field Exposure Module
        ' Fie Defaults  Reference  Help
        :i  Controls-  Soil."
        :<_  LeachtfraT  Resuspenaon |'Dejwipfion 1 _._
             Type of model to run
                 iil RefcO
            , Mass loading factor for JSAu;p&ruaor,
             Depth of top -4c;' ovailabte far fesuspecsaon
'!;p-  _-   7:rr     M1
                            Figure 4.3 Soil/Resuspension screen

This screen allows the user to select the model for estimation of air concentrations above the
contaminated soil. Necessary parameters for the selected model are requested.

The type of model to run selects the model to use to evaluate air concentration from calculated
soil concentrations. Four options are available: none (no resuspended contamination), use mass
loading model, use Anspaugh model, and user input of resuspension factor.

The mass loading factor for resuspension model parameter is entered when the mass loading
option is selected. This parameter is the airborne paniculate concentration at the exposure
location.  Contaminants in suspended soil are assumed to be at the same concentration as surface
soil.

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The depth of topsoil available for resuspension parameter is entered when the Anspaugh model is
selected. This parameter represents the thickness of soil in which the deposited activity has been
mixed that is available to be resuspended.

The resuspension factor is entered when that option has been selected. The value provided is
used for all radionuclides in the analysis.

4.4  Soil - Description Screen
         SgfcmS - GENII Near Field Exposure Module
                               Help
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.Controls   Soil j Agriculture I Padwavs L ...
               Ref- 0    |5[. Biotic transport from deep so9 to surface soil
               RefcO    pf Do biotic transport prior to start of intake
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             Surface soil density

             Surface soil layer thickness used for density

             Depth of soil overburden over waste

             Thickness of buried waste layer

             Source area for external dose modification factor
             Manual redistribution factor
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                              Figure 4.4 Soil/Description screen

This screen allows selection of options and input of parameters for the soil compartment model.

The option biotic transport from deep soil to surface soil allows the user to activate the biotic
transport model (box checked).

The option do biotic transport prior to start of intake allows the user to model biotic transport
prior to the  start of the intake (exposure) period.

The option arid climate during period prior to intake indicates that the period prior to the start of
intake is represented by an arid climate, without irrigation. Biotic transport parameters
appropriate to an arid site are used for that analysis.

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The surface soil areal density is used to convert concentrations expressed per unit area to
concentrations expressed per unit soil mass.

The surface soil layer thickness used for density is the depth of soil used in calculation of the soil
areal density.

The surface soil density is the soil mass density used to calculate the soil areal density.

The depth of soil overburden is the distance from the bottom of the surface soil layer to the top of
the deep soil layer.

The thickness of buried waste layer is the thickness of the layer in which the deep soil source is
distributed.

The source area for external dose modification factor is the area over which the surface soil
contamination is spread. The parameter is used to adjust the external dose rate factors for ground
external exposure because of less than infinite size.

The ratio for deep soil column spread over surface soil area is the manual redistribution factor
relating deep soil concentration to surface soil concentration.  This model represents the manual
moving of deep soil to the surface and spreading it over the contaminated soil area. The factor is
the ratio of concentration of resulting surface soil to the initial deep soil contamination
concentration (a value of 1.0 indicates that the final surface soil is entirely made up of deep soil).

4.5 Agriculture - General Screen

This screen, Figure 4.6, allows the user to describe harvest removal, deposition to plants and
resuspension to plant surfaces, and loss by weathering from plant surfaces.

The radionuclide removal due to harvesting option allows the user to activate ("x"  in box) the
calculation of radionuclide loss from soil due to harvest removal of each food crop and animal
product feed. When activated, the soil concentration is depleted at the end of each year.  The
amount of loss is calculated from the plant concentration at harvest, the annual plant yield, the
root penetration factors, and the soil concentrations at harvest.

The user defined dry deposition retention fraction to plants option allows the user to select the
method for evaluating the dry deposition retention fraction. If this option is activated ("x" in
box), then the user is allowed to enter the dry deposition retention fraction to plants (next
parameter). The default is to allow the code to calculate this parameter as a function of biomass.

The dry deposition retention fraction to plants is entered representing the fraction of dry
deposition activity that is retained on plant surfaces.

The resuspension  factor from soil to plant surfaces is used to evaluate the air concentration above
the plants from  resuspension of particulate activity.

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            Icm3 - GENII Near Field Exposure Module
          Fde  Defaults  Reference  Help
         -Controls"JlSof Agriculture

            General] Food OOP) AnimaTFeed.) Jntake.deiavs LBiofac transport.!.
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              R efc 0    G User defined dry deposition retention fraction to plants
               Di.1 depositor- je'enhon U^cHon »o piarns       |Q2       Irrs-
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                            Figure 4.6 Agriculture/General Screen
The deposition velocity from soil to plant surfaces is used to estimate the amount of resuspended
activity deposited onto plants.

The weathering half life from plants is used to evaluate the weathering loss rate constant for loss
of activity between deposition (wet or dry) and harvest.

The fraction of plant roots in surface soil is used to estimate plant uptake from contamination in
the surface soil layer.  Uptake is assumed to be proportional to root fraction..

The fraction of plant roots in deep soil is used to estimate plant uptake from contamination in the
deep soil layer.

The Agriculture tab, Figure 4.6, has a large number of sub-screens, described in the following
sections.

4.6.1  Agriculture - Animal Feed - Biomass Screen

The standing biomass for each animal feed type is the total above-ground plant mass (wet
weight) used to estimate the foliar deposition interception fraction.

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4.6.2   Agriculture - Animal Feed - Consumption Screen

The feed consumption rate for each animal feed is entered. The value for each feed type
represents the amount of feed the animal consumes. These values are multiplied by die
contaminated fraction to determine the total intake of each feed type.

4.6.3   Agriculture - Animal Feed - Storage Time Screen

The storage time between harvest and feeding to the animal is used to evaluated radioactive
decay during the storage period.

4.6.4   Agriculture - Animal Feed - Contaminated Fraction Screen

The contaminated fraction of feed for each animal type is the fraction of the feed type fed to the
animal that is contaminated.  This fraction is multiplied by the feed consumption rate to
determine the total contaminated intake of each feed type.

4.6.5  Agriculture - Animal Feed - Growing Period Screen

The growing period for each animal feed type defines the period for resuspended deposition to
plants.

4.6.5   Agriculture - Animal Feed - Yield Screen

The yield of each animal feed type gives the total annual production of edible feed crops per unit
area of farmland. This value is used to estimate harvest removal.

4.6.7  Agriculture - Animal Feed - Translocation Factor Screen

The translocation factor for each animal feed type is the fraction of activity reaching the plant
surface that is transferred to the edible part of the plant.

4.6.8   Agriculture - Animal Feed - Dry/wet Ratio Screen

The drv/wet ratio for each animal feed type is used to convert between dry and wet weight bases.

4.6.9   Agriculture - Food Crop - Biomass Screen

The standing biomass for each food crop is used to estimate foliar interception.

4.6.10 Agriculture - Food Crop - Growing Period Screen

The growing period for each food crop defines the foliar deposition period for plants.

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4.6.11 Agriculture - Food Crop - Yield Screen

The yield of each food crop gives the total annual production of edible food crops per unit area of
farmland. This value is used for estimating harvest removal.

4.6.12 Agriculture - Food Crop - Translocation Factor Screen

The translocation factor for each food crop is the fraction of activity reaching the plant surface
that is transferred to the edible part of the plant.

4.6.13 Agriculture - Food Crop - Dry/wet Ratio Screen

The drv/wet ratio for each food crop is used to convert between dry and wet weight bases.

4.6.14 Agriculture - Intake Delays Screen

The intake delay for each food crop and animal product is the average time between harvest and
consumption of the food by the exposed individual. The time period is used to account for
radioactive decay prior to consumption.

4.6.15 Agriculture - Production Screen

This screen is for input of vegetative yield during the optional period prior to the start of intake.
Three vegetative yield values may be entered representing the three options for the prior buildup
period.

The yearly vegetative production for arid lands during the optional buildup period
represents an arid site without irrigation during the period.

The yearly vegetative production for humid lands during the optional buildup period
represents a humid site (without or without) irrigation during the period.

The yearly vegetative production for agricultural lands during the optional buildup period
represents fanning at a humid site, or an arid site with irrigation, during the period.

4.7   Pathways Screen

The seleciton of exposure pathways is controlled on this screen. Each pathway may be selected
for inclusion in the analysis for the current exposure location. The following pathways may be
selected.
       Animal product (beef, poultry, milk, eggs) ingestion
       Food crop (leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit, grains) ingestion
       Aquatic food (fish,  mollusks, Crustacea, aquatic plants) ingestion
       Drinking water ingestion
       Inadvertent shower water ingestion

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Inadvertent swimmng water ingestion
Inadvertent soil ingestion
Air inhalation from atmospheric transport
Indoor inhalation of contaminants released from domestic water during showering and
other uses
Inhalation of suspended soil from prior air or irrigation deposition
External exposure from waterbome activity while swimming
External exposure from waterbome activity while boating
External exposure from sediment activity while on shoreline
External exposure from soil activity
|8£fcm3 - GENII Neai Field Exposure Module E3 |
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                       5.  Using the GENII Chronic Exposure Module
This user interface controls input for the chronic terrestrial and aquatic models used to estimate
the radionuclide exposure media concentration for soil, terrestrial, and aquatic exposure
pathways. The deposition from prior years of deposition (air and water) is evaluated using
atmospheric deposition and water concentration data provided as a function of time.

5.1 Main Control Screen

The main control screen for the GENII chronic exposure user interface, Figure 5.1, allows the
user to make general selections on exposure pathways to include, and to define some basic
parameters for the exposure analysis.
         855 fcm4 - GENII Chronic Exposure Module
         Fife Defaults  Reference Help
          Controls
             RefcO
             Ref.O
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         BE* .Animal product ^a-^.-^^.
         W Terrestrial food crop ingestion
         PC ' Aquatic food ingestion
         OK Recreational surface water
         p Debug testing
Duration of exposure period

End of release period

Time from start to exposure

Absolute humidity, used only for tritium model

Fraction of plants roots in surface soil

Average daily rain rate

Air deposition time pnor to exposure

Loss of institutional control time prior to exposure
                                                                7] Re*. 0
              Figure 5.1 GENII Chronic Exposure Module Main Controls screen

The general selections allow inclusion (control box checked) or exclusion of general classes of
exposure pathways.

       Terrestrial food ingestion
       Animal product ingestion
       Aquatic food ingestion

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       Recreational surface water exposures
       The debug option flag should not be used (checked) by the average user as large output
       files may be generated.

The parameters entered on the control screen are for description of the timing of the exposure
scenario and other parameters that are general in nature to the overall analysis.

Duration of exposure is the time period over which the individual is exposed. It is measured from
the time given for the start of exposure. A minimum value of 1 year should be provided, and the
value should be in increments of 1 year. The analysis will provide results (to the exposure media
intermediate file (EPF extension) for each year in the duration of exposure. A longer exposure
duration will result in a larger output file.

End of release period is the elapsed time measured from time zero to the end of the release (from
air, surface water, or groundwater). Exposures may be evaluated beyond this time period for
exposure to residual activity.

Time from start to exposure is the time from zero to the beginning of the intake analysis. The
duration of exposure begins at the end of the "time from start to exposure."

Air deposition time prior to exposure is used when atmospheric releases are being evaluated.
This time period is measured backwards from the "time from start to exposure" and must be less
than or equal to that time parameter.

Loss of institutional control time prior to exposure is measured backward from the "time to start
of exposure" and must be less than or equal to the "time to start of exposure".

Other parameters on the control screen are as follows.

Absolute humidity is used in the special tritium models for food pathways.

Fraction of plant roots in surface soil is used in the food crop and animal feed analyses and
represents the fraction of plant roots that are in the contaminated soil layer. The uptake by plants
is assumed to be proportional to this fraction.

Average daily rain rate is used to estimate the interception fraction from rain when wet
deposition rates are provided in the atmospheric transport output file (ATO), and  the user has
selected the option to allow the code to calculate the wet deposition interception fraction.

5.2 Water - General Screen

This screen, Figure 5.2,  is accessible when a waterborne source (groundwater or  surface water)
is connected to the exposure location glyph. One this screen the user makes selections related to
waterborne exposure pathways.

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Ref: 0 {? ^Aquatic foods from salt water (vesus fresh water)
Ref. 0 jjiF Treatment plant purification of domestic water
Ref 0 (x, Residential irrigation
Source of residential irrigation f Surfacewater jr] ReJ: °
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                     Figure 5.2 Chronic Exposure Water/General screen
The aquatic foods from salt water selection box is activated ("x" in box) if the surface water body
is salt water. This causes the calculation of aquatic foods to use bioaccumulation factors
representative of marine environments. Otherwise, fresh water factors are used.

The treatment plant purification factor selection box is activated ("x" in box) if reduction of
water concentration is to be included for a water treatment plant, prior to domestic use. If
selected, the water concentration for domestic pathways is reduced by the water purification
factors from the GENII transport factor data file.

The residential irrigation selection box is activated ("x" in box) if a home lawn or garden is
represented in the exposure analysis. Parameters related to residential irrigation are used to
estimate the soil concentration that individuals are exposed to from irrigation in the home lawn
or garden.

The source of residential irrigation is selected using the pull-down list. The options available
depend on the waterborne sources connected to the exposure glyph.
The irrigation rate for residential land is the irrigation water application rate to residential land.

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The irrigation time for residential land is the total time that irrigation occurs on residential land
during a year.

The irrigation deposition time prior to exposure is used when waterborne releases with irrigation
are being evaluated. This time period is measured backwards from the "time from start to
exposure" and must be less than or equal to that time parameter.

The source of domestic water is selected from the pull-down list. The options available depend
on the waterborne sources connected to the exposure glyph.

The volatilization factor for radon and the volatilization factor for radionuclides must be
provided when the exposure pathway of indoor inhalation from water use is included. These
factors are used to relate the domestic water concentration to the indoor air concentration of
radionuclides present in the water.

The delay time in water distribution system is used to account for radioactive decay in transit
from the water exposure point to the usage point for domestic water.

The shoreline sediment density  is provided if the dermal absorption to shoreline sediment
exposure pathway has been selected. It is used to convert the radionuclide transfer per unit area to
sediment concentration per unit mass. The sediment density is expressed as mass of sediment per
unit area of shoreline and should be based on the layer of sediment in which the contamination is
mixed.

5.2.1   Water - Animal Water Screen

This screen contains parameters for the animal drinking water route. Values are provided for the
four animal products: beef, poultry, milk, and eggs.

The contaminated fraction of water for each animal type represents the fraction of the animal's
water that is from the contaminated waterborne source.

The intake rate of water for each animal type is the total water ingestion rate for the animal.

5.2.2   Water - Irrigation Sources Screen

This screen allows the user to define the source of irrigation (none, surface water, or aquifer) for
each food crop and animal feed  crop. The options available depend on the waterborne sources
connected to the exposure glyph. In order to have access to these parameters, the appropriate
selection flags on the control screen must be set properly ("x" in box).

5.2.3 Water - Irrigation Rates Screen

This screen allows the user to define the irrigation rate for each food crop and animal product
crop. In order to have access to these parameters, the appropriate selection flags on the Control

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screen must be set properly ("x" in box).

5.2.4 Water - Irrigation Times Screen

This screen allows the user to define the irrigation time for each food crop and animal product
crop. This is the time period that irrigation occurs during a typical year. In order to have access to
these parameters, the appropriate selection flags on the Control screen must be set properly ("x"
in box).

5.3 Soil Tab

The soil tab has several subscreens.

5.3.1  Soil - Leaching Screen

The soil screens are similar in format and content to those of the Near Field module, Figure 4.4.

The type of leach rate constant option allows selection of the method for specifying the soil loss
rate constant for the leaching model. The rate constant may be defined in three ways: use of
values in the GENII transport factor data file, calculation of rate constants from user supplied
parameters, or input of rate constants (for each radionuclide). The method is selected from the
pull-down list. When use of the GENII transport factor data file is selected, no additional input is
needed for this screen.

User supplied parameters for calculation of the leach rate constant are as follows. Numerical
values and correct units must be entered for each parameter when the rate constant calculation
option is selected.

Surface soil thickness is the average thickness of the surface soil for use in estimation of the
leach rate constant. If the surface soil is agricultural land, the thickness should be set to represent
the plow layer.

Surface soil bulk density representative of the surface soil layer at the exposure location.

Surface soil moisture content is the volume fraction of the soil that is moisture.

Total infiltration rate may be evaluated as the total annual precipitation + irrigation rate -
evapotranspiration rate.

Surface absorption coefficient (Kd) for a radionuclide is set representative of conditions for the
surface soil layer. A value must be entered for each radionuclide in the inventory. The
radionuclide is selected from the pull-down list under the title "Parent soil absorption
coefficient". If the selected parent radionuclide has any progeny, then a list of progeny will
appear to the right of the parent data input boxes. Absorption coefficients should be entered for
each progeny (if any) in  the list for each parent.

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When soil leach rate constants are to be entered by the user, the values are entered for each
radionuclide parent and progeny. The radionuclide is selected from the pull-down list under the
title "Parent soil leach rate constant". If the selected parent radionuclide has any progeny, then a
list of progeny will appear to the right of the parent data input boxes. Leach rate constants should
be entered for each progeny (if any) in the list for each parent.

5.3.2  Soil - Resuspension Screen

The type of model to run selects the model to use to evaluate air concentration from calculated
soil concentrations.  Four options are available: none (no resuspended contamination), use mass
loading model, use Anspaugh model, and user input of resuspension factor.
The mass loading factor for resuspension model parameter is entered when the mass loading
option is selected. This parameter is the airborne particulate concentration at the exposure
location.
The depth of topsoil available for resuspension parameter is entered when the Anspaugh model is
selected. This parameter represents the thickness of soil in which the deposited activity has been
mixed.
The resuspension factor is entered when that option has been selected. The value provided is
used for all radionuclides  in the analysis.

5.3.3  Soil - Surface Soil Screen

This screen allows input of parameters describing the surface soil layer. These parameters are
related.

The surface soil areal density is used to convert concentrations expressed per unit area to
concentrations expressed per unit soil mass.

The surface soil layer used for density is the depth of soil used in calculation of the soil areal
density.

The surface soil density is the soil mass density used to calculate the soil areal density.

5.4    Agriculture - General Screen

This screen, similar to that for the Near Field module, Figure 4.6, allows the user to describe
harvest removal, deposition to plants, and resuspension to plant surfaces, and loss by weathering
from plant surfaces.

The radionuclide removal due to harvesting option allows the user to activate ("x" in box) the
calculation of radionuclide loss due to harvest removal of each food crop and animal product
feed. When activated, the soil concentration is depleted at the end of each year. The amount of
loss is calculated from the plant concentration at harvest, the annual plant yield, the root
penetration factors, and the soil concentrations at harvest.

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The user defined dry deposition retention fraction to plants option allows the user to select the
method for evaluating the dry deposition retention fraction. If this option is activated ("x" in
box), then the user is allowed to enter the dry deposition retention fraction to plants (next
parameter). If not activated, the code uses the default method based on plant biomass.

The dry deposition retention fraction to plants is entered to define the fraction of dry deposition
activity that is retained on plant surfaces during initial dry deposition from the air.

The user defined wet deposition retention fraction to plants option allows the user to select the
method for evaluating the wet deposition retention fraction. If this option is activiated ("x" in
box), then the user is allowed to enter the wet deposition retention fraction to plants (next
parameter). If not activated, the code uses the default method based on biomass and rainfall rate.

The wet deposition retention fraction to plants is entered representing the fraction of wet
deposition activity that is retained on plant surfaces during initial wet deposition.

The resuspension factor from soil to plant surfaces is used to evaluate the air concentration above
the plants from resuspension of particulate activity.

The deposition velocity from soil to plant surfaces is used to estimate the amount of resuspended
activity deposited onto plants.

The weathering half life from plants is used to evaluate the weathering loss rate constant for loss
of activity between deposition (wet or dry) and harvest.

5.4.1  Agriculture - Animal Feed - Biomass Screen

The standing biomass for each animal feed type is the total above-ground plant mass (wet
weight) used to estimate interception fractions for wet and dry deposition.

5.4.2  Agriculture - Animal Feed - Consumption Screen

The feed consumption rate for each animal feed is entered. The value for each feed type
represents the total intake of this type of feed. These values are multiplied by their respective
contaminated fraction to determine the contaminated portion of the intake of each feed type.

5.4.3  Agriculture - Animal Feed - Storage Time Screen

The storage time between harvest and feeding to the animal is used to evaluated radioactive
decay during the storage period.

5.4.4  Agriculture - Animal Feed - Contaminated Fraction Screen

The contaminated fraction of feed for each animal type is the fraction of the feed type eaten by

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the animal that is contaminated.  This fraction is multiplied by the feed consumption rate to
determine the total contaminated intake of each feed type.

5.4.5 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Growing Period Screen

The growing period for each animal feed type defines the deposition period for irrigation and
atmospheric deposition to plants.

5.4.6 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Yield Screen

The yield of each animal feed type gives the total annual production of edible feed crops per unit
area of farmland. The yield is used to calculate the harvest removal losses from the soil.

5.4.7 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Dry/wet Ratio Screen

The dry/wet ratio for each animal feed type is used to convert between dry and wet weight bases.

5.4.8 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Translocation Factor Screen

The translocation factor for each animal feed type is the fraction of activity reaching the plant
surface that is transferred to the edible part of the plant.

5.5  Agriculture - Food Crop

The Food Crop screen has several subscreens.

5.5.1 Agriculture - Food Crop - Biomass Screen

The standing biomass for each food crop is used to estimate soil losses from harvest removal.

5.5.2 Agriculture - Food Crop - Growing Period Screen

The growing period for each food crop defines the deposition period for irrigation and
atmospheric deposition to plants.

5.5.3 Agriculture - Food Crop - Yield Screen

The yield of each food crop gives the total annual production of edible food crops per unit area of
farmland.

5.5.4 Agriculture - Food Crop - Dry/wet Ratio Screen

The dry/wet ratio for each food crop is used to convert between dry and wet weight bases.

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5.5.5  Agriculture - Food Crop - Translocation Factor Screen

The translocation factor for each food crop is the fraction of activity reaching the plant surface
that is transferred to the edible part of the plant.

5.6 Agriculture - Intake Delays Screen

This screen is similar to that in the Near Field module.

The intake delay for each food crop, animal product, and aquatic food is the average time
between harvest and consumption of the food by the exposed individual. The time period is used
to account for radioactive decay prior to consumption.

5.7 Pathways Screen

This screen is similar to that for the Near Field module, Figure 4.7.

The selection of exposure pathways is controlled on this screen.  Each pathway may be selected
for  inclusion in the analysis for the current exposure location.  The following pathways may be
selected.

       Animal product (beef, poultry, milk, eggs) ingestion
       Food crop (leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit, grains) ingestion
       Aquatic food (fish, mollusks, Crustacea, aquatic plants) ingestion
       Drinking water ingestion
       Inadvertent shower water ingestion
       Inadvertent swimming water ingestion
       Inadvertent soil ingestion
       Air inhalation from atmospheric transport
       Indoor inhalation of contaminants released from domestic water during showering and
       other uses
       Inhalation of suspended soil from prior air or irrigation deposition
       External exposure from waterbome activity while swimming
       External exposure from waterborne activity while boating
       External exposure from sediment activity while on shoreline
       External exposure from soil activity
       External exposure to airborne activity from atmospheric transport

The external exposure to air may be evaluated using the finite plume model or the semi-infinite
plume model. When the finite plume model is checked, the external dose values are read directly
from the atmospheric  transport file (ATO) and no calculations are performed for this pathway in
the  GENII chronic exposure module. Otherwise, a semi-infinite plume is assumed and the dose
is to be based on the air concentration.

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                       6. Using the GENII Acute Exposure Module
This user interface controls input for the GENII acute terrestrial and aquatic models used to
estimate the radionuclide exposure media concentrations for soil, terrestrial, and aquatic
exposure pathways. The deposition from air and water is evaluated using atmospheric deposition
and water concentration data provided as input from prior modules.

6.1 Main Control Screen

The main control screen, Figure 6.1, for the GENII acute exposure user interface allows the user
to make general selections on exposure pathways to include, and to define some basic parameters
for the exposure analysis.
        3?lcm4 - GENII Acute Exposure Module
        i£ile_ fiefauRs^Reference Help
         Cor*oJs~13ifr
             Ref-0
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        D'Debug testing
Duration of exposure period
End of.release'period

Duration of acute exposure

Absolute humicfiy. used on^» for tritium model

Fraction of plants roots in surface son

Average da3y rah rate
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               Figure 6.1 GENII Acute Exposure Module Main Control Screen

The general selections allow inclusion (control box checked) or exclusion of general classes of
exposure pathways.

       Terrestrial food ingestion
       Animal product ingestion

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       Aquatic food ingestion
       Recreational surface water exposures
       The debug option flag should not be used (checked) by the average user as large output
       files may be generated.

The parameters entered on the control screen are for description of the timing of the exposure
scenario and other parameters that are general in nature to die overall analysis.

Duration of exposure is the time period over which the individual is exposed. It is measured from
time zero. A minimum value of 1 year should be provided, and the value should be in
increments of 1 year. The analysis will provide results (to the exposure media intermediate file,
EPF extension) for each year in the duration of exposure. A longer exposure duration will result
in a larger output file.

End of release period is the elapsed time measured from time zero to the end of the release from
air or surface water. Exposures may be evaluated beyond this time period for exposure to residual
activity.

The duration of acute exposure is the time over which the air or surface water is contaminated at
the current exposure location. This value is used to integrate the water concentration data in
determining the average water concentration for the acute exposure peirod. The value may be
different from the total period of contamination in the surface water input file if only part of the
data is to be used.

Other parameters on the control screen are as follows.

Absolute humidity is used in the special tritium models for food pathways.

Fraction of plant roots in surface soil is used in the food crop and animal feed analyses and
represent the fraction of plant roots that are in the contaminated soil layer. The uptake by plants
is assumed to be proportional to this fraction.

Average daily rain rate is used to estimate the interception fraction from rain when wet
deposition rates are provided in the atmospheric transport output file (ATO), and the user has
selected the option to allow the code to calculate the wet deposition interception fraction.

6.2  Water - General Screen

This screen, very similar to the Chronic Exposure/Water screen shown in Figure 5.2, is
accessible when a waterborne source (groundwater or surface water) is connected to the exposure
location glyph. On this screen the user makes selections related to waterborne exposure
pathways.

The aquatic foods from salt water selection box is activated ("x" in box) if the surface water body
is salt water. This causes the calculation of aquatic  foods to use bioaccumulation factors

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representative of marine environments. Otherwise, fresh water factors are used.

The treatment plant purification factor selection box is activated ("x" in box) if reduction of
water concentration is to be included for a water treatment plant, prior to domestic use. If
selected, the water concentration for domestic pathways is reduced by the water purification
factors from the GENII transport factor data file.

The residential irrigation selection box is activated ("x" in box) if a home lawn is represented in
the exposure analysis. Parameters related to residential irrigation are used to estimate the soil
concentration that individuals are exposed to from irrigation of the land upon which outdoor time
is spent.

The source of residential irrigation is selected using the pull-down list. The options available
depend on the waterborne sources connected to the exposure glyph.

The irrigation rate for residential land is the irrigation water application rate to residential land.

The irrigation time for residential land is the total time that irrigation occurs on residential land
during a year.

The source of domestic water is selected from the  pull-down list. The options available depend
on the waterborne sources connected to the exposure glyph.

The volatilization factor for radon and the volatilization factor for radionuclides must be
provided when the exposure pathway of indoor inhalation from water use is included. These
factors are used to relate the domestic water concentration to the indoor air concentration of
radionuclides present in the water.

The delay time in water distribution system is used to account for radioactive decay in transit
from the water exposure point to the usage  point for domestic water (e.g., travel time from water
treatment plant to faucet).

The shoreline sediment density is used to convert the radionuclide transfer per unit area to
sediment concentration per unit mass. The sediment density is expressed as mass of sediment per
unit area of shoreline and should be based on the layer of sediment in which the contamination is
mixed.

6.2.1 Water - Animal Water Screen

This screen contains parameters for the animal drinking water route. Values are provided for the
four animal products: beef, poultry, milk, and eggs.

The contaminated fraction of water for each animal type represents the fraction of the animal's
water that is from the contaminated waterborne source.

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The intake rate of water for each animal type is the total water ingestion rate for the animal.

6.2.2 Water - Irrigation Sources Screen

This screen allows the user to define the source of irrigation (none, surface water, or aquifer) for
each food crop and animal feed crop. The options available depend on the waterborne sources
connected to the exposure glyph. In order to have access to these parameters, the appropriate
selection flags on the control screen must be set properly ("x" in box).

6.2.3 Water - Irrigation Rates Screen

This screen allows the user to define the irrigation rate for each food crop and animal product
crop. In order to have access to these parameters, the appropriate selection flags on the Control
screen must be set properly ("x" in box).

6.2.4 Water - Irrigation Times Screen

This screen allows the user to define the irrigation time for each food crop and animal product
crop. This is the time period that irrigation occurs during a typical year. In order to have access to
these parameters, the appropriate selection flags on the Control screen must be set properly ("x"
in box).

6.3  Soil Tab

The soil tab has several subscreens.

6.3.1 Soil - Leaching Screen

The type of leach rate constant option allows selection of the method for specifying the soil loss
rate constant for the leaching model. The rate constant may be defined in three ways: use of
values in the GENII transport factor data file, calculation of rate constants from user supplied
parameters, or input of rate constants (for each radionuclide). The method is selected from the
pull-down list. When use of the GENII transport factor data file is selected, no additional input is
needed for this screen.

User supplied parameters for calculation of the leach rate constant are as follows. Numerical
values and correct units must be entered for each parameter when the rate constant calculation
option is selected.

 Surface soil thickness is the average thickness of the surface soil for use in estimation of the
leach rate constant. If the surface soil is agricultural land, the thickness should be set to represent
the plow layer.

Surface soil bulk density representative of the surface soil layer at the exposure location.

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Surface soil moisture content is the volume fraction of the soil that is moisture.

Total infiltration rate may be evaluated as the total annual precipitation + irrigation rate -
evapotranspiration rate.

Surface absorption coefficient (Kd) for a radionuclide is set representative of conditions for the
surface soil layer. A value must be entered for each radionuclide in the inventory. The
radionuclide is selected from the pull-down list under the title "Parent soil absorption
coefficient". If the selected parent radionuclide has any progeny, then a list of progeny will
appear to the right of the parent data input boxes. Absorption coefficients should be entered for
each progeny (if any) in the list for each parent.

When soil leach rate constants are to be entered by the user, the values are entered for each
radionuclide parent and progeny. The radionuclide is selected from the pull-down list under the
title "Parent soil leach rate constant". If the selected parent radionuclide has any progeny, then a
list of progeny will appear to the right of the parent data input boxes. Leach rate constants should
be entered for each progeny (if any) in the list for each parent.

6.3.2 Soil - Resuspension Screen

The type of model to run selects the model to use to evaluate air concentration from calculated
soil concentrations. Four options are available: none (no resuspended contamination), use mass
loading model, use Anspaugh model, and user input of resuspension factor.

The mass loading factor for resuspension model parameter is entered when the mass loading
option is selected. This parameter is the airborne paniculate concentration at the exposure
location.

The depth of topsoil available for resuspension parameter is entered when the Anspaugh model is
selected. This parameter represents the thickness of soil in which the deposited activity has been
mixed.

The resuspension factor is entered when that option has  been selected. The value provided is
used for all radionuclides in the analysis.

6.3.3 Soil - Surface Soil Screen

This screen allows input of parameters describing the surface soil layer. These parameters are
related.

The surface soil  area! density is used to convert concentrations expressed per unit area to
concentrations expressed per unit soil mass.

The surface soil  layer used for density is the depth of soil used in calculation of the soil  areal

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density.

The surface soil density is the soil mass density used to calculate the soil areal density.

6.4 Agriculture - General Screen

This screen, similar to that for the Near Field module, Figure 4.6, allows the user to describe
handling of harvest removal, deposition to plants, resuspension to plant surfaces, and loss by
weathering from plant surfaces.

The radionuclide removal due to harvesting option allows the user to activate ("x" in box) the
calculation of soil loss due to harvest removal of each food crop and animal product feed. When
activated, the soil concentration is depleted at the end of each year. The amount of loss is
calculated from the plant concentration at harvest, the annual plant yield, the root penetration
factors, and the soil concentrations at harvest.

The user defined dry deposition retention fraction to plants option allows the user to select the
method for evaluating the dry deposition retention fraction. If this option is activated ("x" in
box), then the user is allowed to enter the dry deposition retention fraction to plants (next
parameter). The default is to allow the code to estimate the retention fraction using plant
biomass.

The dry deposition retention fraction to plants is entered representing the fraction of dry
deposition activity that is retained on plant surfaces during initial dry deposition from the air.

The user defined wet deposition retention fraction to plants option allows the user to select the
method for evaluating the wet deposition retention fraction. If this option is activiated ("x" in
box), then the user is allowed to enter the wet deposition retention fraction to plants (next
parameter). If this is not selected, the code will estimate the retention fraction using plant
biomass.

The wet deposition retention fraction to plants is entered representing the fraction of wet
deposition activity that is retained on plant surfaces during initial wet deposition from the air.

The resuspension factor from soil to plant surfaces is used to evaluate the air concentration above
the plants from resuspension of paniculate activity.

The deposition factor from soil to plant surfaces is the interception fraction used to estimate the
amount of resuspended activity deposited onto plants.

The weathering half life from plants is used to evaluate the weathering loss rate constant for loss
of activity between deposition (wet or dry) and harvest.

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6.4.1 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Biomass Screen

The standing biomass for each animal feed type is the total above-ground plant mass (wet
weight) used to estimate soil losses from harvest removal.

6.4.2 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Consumption Screen

The feed consumption rate for each animal feed is entered. The value for each feed type
represents the amount of feed of this type that the animal consumes. These values are multiplied
by the contaminated fraction to determine the total intake of contaminated feed of each feed type.

6.4.3 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Storage Time Screen

The storage time between harvest and feeding to the animal is used to evaluated radioactive
decay during the storage period.

6.4.4 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Contaminated Fraction Screen

The contaminated fraction of feed for each animal type is the fraction of the feed type fed to the
animal that is contaminated. This fraction is multiplied by the feed consumption rate to
determine the total contaminated intake of each feed type.

6.4.5 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Growing Period Screen

The growing period for each animal type defines the deposition period for irrigation and
atmospheric deposition to plants.

6.4.6 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Yield Screen

The yield of each animal feed type gives the total annual production of edible feed crops per unit
area of farmland. This value is used in the Harvest Removal calculations.

6.4.7 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Dry/wet Ratio Screen

The dry/wet ratio for each animal feed type  is used to convert between dry and wet weight bases.

6.4.8 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Translocation Factor Screen

The translocation factor for each animal feed type is the fraction of activity reaching the plant
surface that is transferred to the edible part of the plant.

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6.4.9 Agriculture - Animal Feed - Acute Forage Screen

The acute forage diet fraction for beef or milk cows is the fraction of the animals diet that is
forage at the time the acute release occurs.
6.5 Agriculture Tab

The agriculture tab has several subscreens.

6.5.1 Agriculture - Food Crop - Biomass Screen

The standing biomass for each food crop is used to estimate the wet and dry interception
fractions.

6.5.2 Agriculture - Food Crop - Growing Period Screen

The growing period for each food crop defines the deposition/interception period for irrigation
and atmospheric deposition to plants.

6.5.3 Agriculture - Food Crop - Yield Screen

The yield of each food crop gives the total annual production of edible food crops per unit area of
farmland.  This value is used in the Harvest Removal calculations.

6.5.4 Agriculture - Food Crop - Dry/wet Ratio Screen

The drv/wet ratio for each food crop is used to convert between dry and wet weight bases.

6.5.5 Agriculture - Food Crop - Translocation Factor Screen

The translocation factor for each food crop is the fraction of activity reaching the plant surface
that is transferred to the edible part of the plant.

6.6  Agriculture - Intake Delays Screen

The intake delay for each food crop, animal product, and aquatic food is the average time
between harvest and consumption of the food by the exposed individual. The time period is used
to account for radioactive decay prior to consumption.

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6.7 Pathways Screen

The selection of exposure pathways is controlled on this screen, which is similar to those of the
Near Field and Chronic modules, Figure 4.7. Each pathway may be selected for inclusion in the
analysis for the current exposure location.  The following pathways may be selected.

       Animal product (beef, poultry, milk, eggs) ingestion
       Food crop (leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit, grains) ingestion
       Aquatic food (fish, mollusks, Crustacea, aquatic plants) ingestion
       Drinking water ingestion
       Inadvertent shower water ingestion
       Inadvertent swimmng water ingestion
       Inadvertent soil ingestion
       Air inhalation from atmospheric transport
       Indoor inhalation of contaminants released from domestic water during showering and
       other uses
       Inhalation of suspended soil from prior air or irrigation deposition
       External exposure from waterbome activity while swimming
       External exposure from waterborne activity while boating
       External exposure from sediment activity while on shoreline
       External exposure from soil activity
       External exposure to airborne activity from atmospheric transport

The external exposure to air may be evaluated using the finite plume model or the semi-infinite
plume model. When the finite plume model is used, the external dose values are read directly
from the atmospheric transport file (ATO) and no calculations are performed for this pathway in
the GENII acute exposure module. If the finite plume model box is checked, then the module
expects to read the external dose values from the atmospheric transport file. Otherwise, the dose
is to be based on the air concentration.

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                        7. Using the GENII Receptor Intake Module

This user interface allows the user to specify the number of age groups to be considered, and
parameters necessary to estimate the intake or exposure to radionuclides. The single screen for
this user interface has three divisions:  1) number of age groups (upper left), 2) age group and
exposure pathway selection (lower left), and 3) parameter value entry for the selected age group
and exposure pathway (right).

7.1  Initial Entries

7.11 Number of Age Groups

The number of age groups is set to the number of age groups to be evaluated in the current intake
assessment. Most parameters to be provided are a function of age.  A maximum of 6 groups can
be defined.

7.1.2  Age Group and Exposure Pathway Selection

The age group selection pull-down box is used to identify the age group associated with input
parameters to be entered.  Values for all parameters should be entered for all of the number of
age groups defined.
         G3rcp5 - GENII Intake Module
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                                         \t

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                           Figure 7.1 GEMI Intake Module Screen

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The years in age group is the time duration that the individual is in the currently selected age
group. The minimum value for this parameter is 1 year.

The population in age group is the number of people the selected age group in the receptor
population for the current intake scenario.  The population value is written to the intermediate
output file (extension RCP), but is not currently used in calculations of the GENII receptor intake
module.

The exposure pathway selection pull-down list allows the user to select the exposure pathway for
which parameters are to be entered. A specific pathway is selected by clicking on the desired
pathway, or by scrolling up or down using the arrow keys on the keyboard. The parameters are
entered in the input area on the right side of the screen.

The right side of the screen is used for parameter value entry. The parameters displayed for entry
correspond to the exposure pathway and age group selected. For the three swimming pathways
(external, ingestion, and dermal) all parameters are display when any of the pathways is selected.
The same is true for the two shoreline pathways (external and dermal). The parameters for each
exposure pathway are described below in the order in which the pathways appear in the exposure
pathway pull-down list.

7.2 Pathway Parameters

7.2.1 External Exposure to Air

Parameters for external exposure to air define the time the individual is exposed to contaminated
air during a day and the year.

The daily plume immersion exposure time is the average number of hours in a day that the
individual is exposed during a year.

The yearly plume immersion exposure time is the number of days in a year that the individual is
exposed to the contaminated airborne plume.

7.2.2 External Ground Exposure

Parameters for external ground exposure allow definition of the time the individual is exposed to
ground during a year, and shielding factors and time fractions for indoor and outdoor exposures.

The indoor shielding factor is the fractional reduction applied to the external dose rate factor for
ground exposure for the time the individual is indoors.

The outdoor shielding factor is the fractional reduction applied to the external dose rate factor for
ground exposure for the time the individual is oudoors.

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The daily external ground exposure time is the total time (per day) that an indiviudal is exposed
to contaminated ground.  This is an average value over the exposure duration.

The yearly external ground exposure time is the number of days in a year that the individual is
exposed to contaminated ground.

The fraction of time spent indoors is the average time fraction during a typical day that the
individual spends indoors.

The fraction of time spent outdoors is the average time fraction during a typical day that the
individual spends outdoors.

7.2.3 External Exposure While Swimming

Parameters for swimming include the frequency of swimming, the duration of each swimming
event, and the number of days in a year that the individual swims. Note that these three
parameter values are also used for the water ingestion while swimming pathway.  If one of the
parameters is changed during entry of values for the other pathway, the value for this pathway
will also be changed.

The frequency of swimming event is the number of times the individual swims per day on the
days in which swimming occurs.

The duration of swimming event is the time the individual spends swimming during each
swimming event.

The swimming days is the number of days in a year that swimming occurs.  On each of these
days it is  assumed that the individual swim the number of times specified by the frequency of
swimming event  and for the duration of swimming event for each of these event.

7.2.4 External Exposure While Boating

The shielding factor for boating is the reduction factor to be applied to the external dose rate
while boating because of shielding by the boat. This is in addition to the geometry factor of 0.5.

The frequency of boating event is the number of times a day (during the days in which boating
occurs) that the individual is involved in a boating event.

The duration of boating event is the length of time the individual is boating during the typical
boating event.

The boating  days is the number of days in a year that the individual is involved in boating.
During each of these days, the individual is assumed to be involved in the number of events
given by the frequency of boating events with each event lasting for the duration of boating
events hours.

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7.2.5 External Exposure to Shoreline

The first three factors listed here are used for all shoreline exposure scenarios.  The values are
entered only once. If changes are made for a different shoreline pathway, then the change is
applied to all pathways.

The frequency of shoreline use is the number of times a day the individual uses the shoreline.

The duration of shoreline event is the average time the individual spends on the shoreline during
one visit to the shoreline.

The shoreline days is the number of days in a year during which the individual visits the
shoreline exposure location.

The shore width factor is a factor for reduction of the external dose rate factor for exposure to the
shoreline.  The external dose rate factors are  based on exposure to an infinite flat plane of
contamination. Because most shorelines do not represent an infinite plane, a reduction is allowed
to address this difference in geometry.

7.2.6 Food Crop Ingestion

This screen allows input of consumption rates and periods for each of the four food crops
pathways (leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit, and grain). The root crops include all
vegetable crops not considered to be leafy vegetables. The grain crops represent breads and
cereals.

The food crop consumption rate is the average amount of food crop consumed in a day for those
days in which the food crop is eaten by the exposed individual.

The food crop consumption period is the number of days in a year that the food crop is consumed
at the average rate.

7.2.7 Animal Product Ingestion

This screen allows input of consumption rates and periods for each of the four animal product
food pathways (beef, poultry meat, milk, and eggs).

The animal product consumption rate is the average amount of animal product consumed in a day
for those days in which the animal product is eaten by the exposed individual.

The animal product consumption period is the number of days in a year that the animal product is
consumed at the average rate.

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7.2.8 Aquatic Food Ingestion

This screen allows input of consumption rates and periods for each of the four aquatic food
product pathways (fish, mollusks, Crustacea, and aquatic plants).

The aquatic food product consumption rate is the average amount of aquatic food product
consumed in a day for those days in which the aquatic food product is eaten by the exposed
individual.

The aquatic food product consumption period is the number of days in a year that the aquatic
food product is consumed at the average rate.

7.2.9 Drinking Water Ingestion

The drinking water ingestion rate is the average daily consumption rate of water on those days
that the contaminated water is consumed by the exposed individual.

The drinking water ingestion period is the number of days in a year that water is consumed at the
average rate.

7.2.10 Water Ingestion While Swimming

The exposure parameters for this pathway include the three parameters  for the external exposure
while swimming pathway plus the ingestion rate of water while swimming. The three parameters
common to all swimming pathways are the frequency of swimming events, the duration of
swimming event, and the swimming days.

The ingestion rate of water while swimming is the amount of water inadvently swallowed by the
exposed individual during an hour of swimming.

7.2.11 Water Ingestion While Showering

The parameter for this pathway include three parameters common to all showering pathways,
plus the ingestion rate of water while showering. The three parameters common to all showering
pathways are the frequency of shower events, the duration of a shower,  and the shower days.
These parameters are described first, followed by the ingestion rate.

The frequency of showering event is the number of times a day (during the days in which
showering occurs) that the individual is showers.

The duration of showering event is the length of time the individual is showers during one
shower.

The showering days is the number of days  in a year that the individual showers. During each of
these days, the individual is assumed to be involved in the number of events given by the

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frequency of showering events.

The ingestion rate of water while showering is the rate of inadvertent water intake by the exposed
individual during each hour of showering.
7.2.12 Inadvertent Soil Ingestion

The soil contact days is the number of days in a year that the exposed individual contacts soil.

The inadvertent soil ingestion rate is the average daily rate of ingestion of soil on the days in
which soil is contacted.

7.2.13 Air Inhalation

The air inhalation rate is the volume of air inhaled per day on those day in which the individual is
exposed to contaminated air.

The air inhalation period is the number of days in a year that the individual is exposed to
contaminated air.

7.2.14 Resuspended Soil Inhalation

Suspension of contaminants previously deposited to soil represents a possible pathway for
inhalation exposure. The parameters for this pathway include the inhalation rate, inhalation
period (days per year) and the traction of a day that the individual is exposed to the resuspended
soil.

The resuspended soil inhalation rate is the daily inhalation rate during the exposure period to the
resuspend contamination.

The resuspended soil inhalation period is the number of days in a year that the individual is
exposed to resuspended contamination.

The fraction of a day inhalation occurs is the fraction of time in an average day that the
individual is exposed to the resuspended contamination.

7.2.15 Volatile Pollutant Indoor Inhalation

The volatile pollutant inhalation rate is the daily inhalation rate during the exposure period to the
indoor volatile contamination.

The volatile pollutant inhalation period is the number of days in a year that the individual is
exposed to indoor volatile contamination.

The fraction of a day inhalation occurs is the fraction of time in an average day that the
individual is exposed to the volatile pollutant contamination.

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8.  Using the GENII Health Impacts Module

This user interface allows the selection of the type of dose and/or risk calculation to be
performed, and provides the necessary additional parameters for each. The GENII Health
Impacts main screen is illustrated in Figure 8.1.

8.1 Method Selections

Three options are available. Check the appropriate box
           GENII Health Impacts Module - hei6
        jfgile  Reference  Hefc
             tf Calculate radiation dose and risk using ICRP • 30748 factors
               Federal Guidance Reports 11/12)

             r Calculate Dose and/or risk using ICRP -60 and EPA risk factors
              ' (Federal Guidance Reports 12/13)
             C, Calculate risk usng ERA slope factors
             Figure 8.1 GENII Health Impacts Module Method Selection screen
Calculate dose and risk using ICRP-30/48 factors (Federal Guidance Reports 11 and 12):
This option allows calculation of doses and/or risks using DOE-approved methods. The
radiation dosimetry is based on ICRP Publication 30 (as updated), as provided in Federal
Guidance Reports 11 and 12 or DOE compilations DOE/EH-0070 and DOE/EH-0071.

Selection of this option activates a "Method Parameters" tab, Figure 8.2. Options for calculating
radiation dose, fatal cancers,  or cancer incidence are available. Select one or more.  The cancer
calculations are performed using effective doses and a dose-to-risk conversion factor. Defaults
are provided for each, and the allowable range (in the appropriate units) will scroll across the
bottom of the screen.

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            GENII Health Impacts Module - heiG
         File  Reference  Help
        i  Method Selection j Method Parameters'
             I"! Calculate lifetime cancer incidence
                          __
           factw      JsOel    jrisk/Sv  rj

O Calculate cancer fatalities
           fscior
                     J50e-2
P* Calculate radiation effective dose equivalent commitment (CEDE)
                                            nsk/Sv  If]'
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SOILT
                                                                "^  Ref: °
             Density of contaminated soil/sediment layer-    (15       |kg/m"3 •%}  R«fc 0
             SLDN                               '-'--  -•  '-51———*•
                         Figure 8.2 ICRP 30/48 Method Parameters

Two additional parameters related to the estimation of external dose rates are also required.
These should be set with the values used in preceding modules.

Calculate dose and/or risk using ICRP-60 and EPA risk factors: This option allows
calculation of doses and/or risks using EPA-approved methods. The radiation dosimetry is based
on ICRP Publication 60, as provided in Federal Guidance Reports 12 and 13.

Selection of this option activates a "Method Parameters" tab, similar to that for the ICRP-30
methods, Figure 8.2. Options for calculating radiation dose, fatal cancers, or cancer incidence
are available. Select one or more. The cancer calculations are performed using effective doses
and a dose-to-risk conversion factor. Defaults are provided for each, and the allowable range (in
the appropriate units) will scroll across the bottom of the screen. Two additional parameters
related to the estimation of external dose rates are also required.  These should be set with the
values used in preceding modules.

Selection of this option also activates a "Constituent Parameters" tab Figure 8.3. All fields under
this tab must be filled in. Each radionuclide in the case will be displayed using the advance
arrows; for each select the appropriate values of gut-to-blood transfer fraction, inhalation particle
size (not currently active - all values set to 1 micron AMAD in dose conversion factor files), and
inhalation class.

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Calculate risk using EPA slope factors:  This option allows calculation of radiation risk using
EPA HEAST slope factors.  No additional method or parameter information is required.
         ...GENII Health Impacts Module - heiG
         Re           Help
          Method Selection |  Method Parameters   Constituent Pafameters)
Constituent-FS-CNAME      JLEAD-210
 Intake to blood transfer fraction - F1        j"
 Particle size -AMAD                   [~
 Lung transfer inhalation dass - SOLUBIL
             Progeny - FS-CNAME        (BISMUTH-210
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              Particle size-AMAD
              Lung transfer inhalation dass - SOLUBIL
                                   1
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                                                                     RefcO

                                                    dbd
                                            J fraction  J H*°
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                                            I
                             Figure 8.3 Constituent Parameters tab

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           APPENDIX A
Meteorological Processor Technical Basis

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                                    APPENDIX A
                       Meteorological Processor Technical Basis

       The atmospheric models, ACUTESRC, CHRONSRC, PUFCHRON, and PUFACUTE,
for the Environmental Dosimetry Upgrade Project, are a suite of codes to account for the
transport, diffusion, deposition, depletion, and decay of radionuclides while in the atmosphere.
These calculations are based on the use of observed meteorological data. Observed
meteorological data can occur in two general forms, hourly meteorological data where the data
the meteorological information is recorded every hour and a joint frequency distribution of wind
speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability, in which the hourly meteorological data has
been summarized. Two programs, HRLYPROC and JJFDPROC, were developed that takes
meteorological data stored in the hourly (HRLYPROC) or joint frequency distribution
(JJFDPROC) and manipulates the data into a single format that can be read by the atmospheric
models. The rest of this section discusses the input data required by the model, adjustments to
the data, and calculation of meteorological variables that are not directly measured.

       Section A. 1 describes the input and output data that can be read by the two programs.
The methods used to take the input data and created the output file are described for
HRLYPROC and JJFDPROC are presented in Sections A.2 and A.3, respectively.

A. 1    Input/Output of Meteorological Data

       This section describes the type  of meteorological data that can used as input into the two
meteorological processing programs, HRLYPROC and JJFDPROC. Also described is the format
of the data that is read by the atmospheric models.

A. 1.1   Hourly Meteorological Data Input

       HRLYPROC can process three types of input data format: 1) CD-144 hourly  surface
observations, 2) hourly surface observations archived in the SAMSON format, and 3)
precipitation data in the TD-3240 format.  File structures are provided in Appendix A.

       CD-144 - The CD-144 format refers to the "Card Deck 144 format" available from the
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).  The file is composed of one record per hour, with all
weather elements reported in an 80-column block.  The format of these records is described in
the Card Deck 144 WBAN Hourly Surface Observation Reference Manual (NOAA 1970), also
available from NCDC.  Data in this file includes the year, month, day, hour, cloud ceiling height,
wind direction, wind speed, dry bulb temperature, and opaque cloud cover (see Appendix A).
The following describes the variables found in the CD-144 format.

•      Year, Month and Day - identifies the year, month and day during which the
       meteorological data were observed.
•      Hour - identifies the hour of the meteorological data observation. Hour is based on the
       24-hour clock and is recorded as 00 through 23. Times are Local Standard Time (LST).
•      Ceiling Height - the height of the cloud base above local terrain and is coded  in hundreds

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       of feet.
•      Wind Direction - the direction from which the wind is blowing, rounded to the nearest 10
       degrees. Calm is given by 00.
•      Wind Speed - the wind speed measured in knots. Calm given by 00.
•      Dry Bulb Temperature - the ambient air temperature measured in whole degrees
       Fahrenheit.
•      Cloud Cover - There are two cloud cover parameters, opaque cloud cover and total cloud
       cover. Both parameters identify the amount of cloud covered measured in tens of percent,
       e.g. 0 = clear or less than 10%, 4 = 40- 49%,'-' = Overcast of 100%. The model uses
       opaque cloud cover.

       SAMSON - NCDC has made available solar and meteorological data form the first order
stations in the United States for the period 1961 -1990 on a set of three CD-ROMs, referred to as
the SAMSON data. HRLYPROC can processes data retrieved from these CD-ROMs. It cannot
access the data directly from the SAMSON CD-ROM, but the user can run the software provided
with the data to retrieve the station, period of time and variables from the site and period to be
modeled. The software is a DOS-based, interactive graphical interface.

       Multiple years of data can be extracted for a single station and saved to the same file.
However, HRLYPROC expects a maximum of one year of data in the data file. The reason for
this restriction is explained below.

       Retrieving the data from the CD-ROM is completely under the control of the user. When
data are retrieved from the CD-ROMs, the user has the option to specify which variables to
retrieve from a list of 21 variables for each station. At a minimum, the ceiling height, wind
direction, wind speed, dry bulb temperature, opaque cloud cover, and present weather must be
retrieved. In most cases, the hourly precipitation amount will also be retrieved, but it is not
required to run HRLYPROC.

       When the data are retrieved from the CD-ROM,  two records are written at the beginning
of the file that identify the station (first record) and the variables retrieved (second record).
HRLYPROC uses both records to obtain information about the station (e.g., latitude and
longitude) and to determine how to process the data that follows. There two records begin with
the title character (~). If more than one year or data are  retrieved from the CD-ROM, these two
records will appear before each year in the file. Thus, an error will occur when the program reads
these second set of header records.

       The second header record is used by the model to determine if enough variables have
been retrieved from the CD-ROM. If there are insufficient variables retrieved, an error will occur
during the model execution. The user should return to the CD-ROM and retrieve the data once
again to make sure all the necessary variables are retrieved.
       Data records follow the header records in the retrieved file. There is one record for each
hour of time period selected by the user. Unlike the CD-144 format which reports the hour on
the 00 - 23 clock, the hour in the retrieved file  is reported on the 01-24 hour clock. Hour 24 of a
day from the SAMSON data corresponds to hour 00 of the next day for the CD-144 data.

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       Data stored in the SAMSON format are in different units than found in the CD-144 data.
The output using either format is the same, so the SAMSON and CD-144 data are converted to a
specific set of units for each meteorological variable.

       TD-3240 - Precipitation amounts are available from the NCDC in the TD-3240 format.
A description of the TD-3240 data is found in NCDC (1990). These files can be used with
hourly data in either the CD-144 format or the SAMSON format.  In the case of the SAMSON
file, hourly precipitation amount may already be included in the file. The data in the TD-3240
file would be used to supplement this data.

       The TD-3240 data as received from NCDC are usually in a variable-length format.  In
this format, precipitation data for the entire day is stored in one record, and only for those hours
during which precipitation was reported. A fixed-length format is also available in which one
record contains the precipitation amount for one hour. As with the variable-length files, data are
stored only for those days and hours for which precipitation was reported. HRLYPROC can
process both types of TD-3240 data. Precipitation is reported in inches and hundredths of an
inch in the TD-3240 format. These units are converted to millimeters for use in the atmospheric
codes.

A. 1.2 Joint  Frequency Data Input

      The JJFDPROC program processes joint frequency distributions of wind direction, wind
speed and atmospheric stability (JFD).  Two different formats of JFD are read by the JJFDPROC
program, the format used by the EPA's Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) model (EPA 1995a)
and the format used by the GENII (Napier  et al. 1988).

      The ISC3 format, also called the STAR summary, is described in EPA(1995a) and is
summarized here. The JFD in the STAR format is normally constructed using 16 wind direction
sectors, with the first 22.5 sector centered on winds from the North (increasing clockwise),  six
wind speed classes, and six stability classes. Wind speed classes are usually grouped as 0-3, 3-6,
6-10,10-16,  16-21, and greater than 21 knots. Stability classes are based on the Pasquill stability
categories (A [very unstable] - F [very stable]). Thus, the JFD file in the ISC3 format normally
consists of 96 records.  Each record is for a specific stability class and wind direction sector.
Within each record is the frequency for the six wind speed classes for the given stability class
and wind direction sector.  In a quasi-programming sense,  the file would be read as follows

      Loop On I = 1, Number of Stability Classes (normally 6)
        Loop On K = 1, Number of Wind Direction Sectors (normally 16)
      READ (JFDFILE,'(6F10.0)') (FREQ(U,K), J = 1 to Wind Speed Classes)
        End Loop On K
      End Loop on I

where       FREQ(I,J,K) =     Frequency of stability class I, wind speed class J, and wind
                                 direction sector K

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Thus, in a normal STAR summary the first 16 records are for sixteen direction sectors of stability
class A (or 1), the next 16 are for stability class 2, and so forth.
       The user provides the number of wind direction sectors, stability classes, and wind speed
classes. So, as long as the JFD follows the above format (records containing the frequency by
wind speed class; records ordered by wind direction sector then stability class), the number of
stability classes, wind direction sectors, and wind speed classes can vary.

       The GENE format is different from the ISC3 format. A description of the format is given
in Napier et al. (1988), and is summarized here. Unlike the ISC3 format, the GENII format
contains the percentages (frequency times 100) rather than frequencies of a given stability class,
wind speed class, and wind direction sector.  The JFD is usually constructed based on 16 wind
direction sectors like the ISC3 format, but a variable number of wind speed class and
atmospheric stability classes may be used. Table 1  shows the format of the GENII JFD file.

Table 1      Format of Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed, Wind Direction, and
Atmospheric Stability for GENII.
Record
Number
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
Field
Number
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
1-10
Data Type
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
INTEGER
INTEGER
INTEGER
INTEGER
REAL
REAL
Field
Size
80
80
5
5
5
5
10
7
Description
Descriptive Title
Secondary Title
Number of wind speed classes in file
Number of atmospheric stability classes
(Not Used always set to 1)
(Not Used always set to 1)
Height at which wind speed data was
collected (m)
Average Wind Speed for each wind speed
class (m/s)
Joint Frequency Data Set
Still
end
1-16
REAL
5
Percent of time with wind from North, North-
Northeast, Northeast, etc.) Each record has
the 16 sectors. Data are grouped first by
atmospheric stability class and then by wind
speed group.

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       The GENII format JFD file has the first four records containing information about the
joint frequency data set, and the rest of the records are the joint frequency data set. In the same
pseudo-programming language, the joint frequency data set would be read as:

LOOP ON I = 1 TO Number of Wind Speed Classes
  LOOP ON J = 1 TO Number of Stability Classes
     READ( JFDFILE, '(16f5.0)') (PREC(I,J,K), K = 1 to Number of Direction Sectors)
  END LOOP ON J
END LOOP ON I

       As with the ISC3 format, the user provides the number of wind speed classes, wind
direction sectors, and atmospheric stability classes.

A. 1.3  Output File

       Both HRLYPROC and JJFDPROC create the same type of output file. The first record of
the output file contains the surface roughness of the site (see Section A.2.3) and the height of the
wind measurements.  Following the first record are the records containing the meteorological
data.. Each record after the first contains the year, month, day and hour of the record. Following
the date and time is the stability class, the flow vector (wind direction plus 180 degrees, the
direction the wind is blowing towards), the wind speed, the dry bulb temperature, the mixing
height, the precipitation type (e.g, none, light rain, light snow), the precipitation rate, and a
weighting factor. The format of the file is given in Appendix A.

       For HRLYPROC, the meteorological information is based on the hourly observations
found in the input files. The output of HRLYPROC will have one output record for each input
record that is read in. The weighting factor for each record from HRLYPROC is always one.

       For JJFDPROC, the meteorological information in the JFD file does not include
date/time information. The JJFDPROC program instead creates pseudo-hourly data where there
is one record for each wind speed class, wind direction sector, and stability class found in the
JFD. In addition, the number of records will expanded based on variation of the temperature and
precipitation type. How these variations expand the number of records is explained in Sections
A.3.5 and A.3.6  for temperature and precipitation, respectively. The output records from
JJFDPROC have a weighting factor that is the number of hours with the meteorological data
contained in the  record. As there is no date/time information, the year, month, day, and hour for
each record is given as -1.

       All four atmospheric model, CHRONSRC, ACUTESRC, PUFCHRON,  PUFACUTE,
can read the output file if it has been produced by the HRLYPROC program. Only the chronic
plume model, CHRONSRC, can read an output file produced by the JJFDPROC program.

A.2    Meteorological Processing Methods for HRLYPROC

       In this section the methods used to process the hourly meteorological data are discussed.

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These issues include simple data manipulation (e.g. converting data to the correct unit) and
methods for computing mixing heights and atmospheric stability.  The HRLYPROC program is
based on the PC-RAMMET (EPA 1995b) meteorological processing code.

A.2.1  Time of Day

       The HRLYPROC program uses the same convention as the PC-RAMMET code (EPA
1995b) and it is summarized here. When reading the CD-144 format, HRLYPROC skips the
first hourly record of the data in the year because the 24-hour period for a year starts with the 1-
hour period ending at 0100 LST (Local Standard Time) and the observations in the CD-144 files
begin with the observations reported at 0000 LST. Sequential reading of the remaining data
automatically make this adjustment for each succeeding day. Meteorological data for the last
hour in the year are assumed equal to that for the next to the last hour because the data for a day
always ends with hour 23.  Data on the SAMSON CD-ROM begin with hour 1 and end with
hour 24, eliminating the need to skip a record.  However, the last hour of the year may contain
missing data and are processed similarly to the CD-144 formatted data.

A.2.2  Atmospheric Stability

       The HRLYPROC code recognizes the seven stability classes.  The first six categories
correspond to Pasquill's (1974) classification (A-F).  The seventh category corresponds to the
'dashes' in the original classification by Pasquill and indicated a strong, ground-based nocturnal
temperature inversion with non-definable wind flow.

       The stability classes are calculated based on the method proposed by Turner (1964).  The
method involves basing the stability class on the cloud cover, ceiling height, solar elevation, and
the wind speed.  During the day, the cloud cover, ceiling height, and solar elevation give an
estimation of the net radiation that is reaching the ground. The net radiation index is used with
the wind speed to determine the stability class. At night, the cloud cover is used to determine the
net radiation index. The following procedure is used to obtain the net radiation index.

1.      If the cloud cover is 10/10 and the ceiling is less than 7,000 feet, use net radiation index
       equal to 0 (whether day or night)
2.      For night-time (between sunset and sunrise):
       a.     If total cloud cover < 4/10, use net radiation index equal to -2
       b.     If total cloud cover > 4/10, use net radiation index equal to -1
       c.     If precipitation occurring, use net radiation index equal to 0
3.      For daytime:
       a.     Determine the net radiation index as a function of solar elevation angle from
             Table 2.
       b.     If total cloud cover > 5/10, modify the net radiation number as follows:
             A.     If ceiling height < 7,000 ft subtract 2 (except for 10/10)
             B.     If ceiling height >7,000ft but < 16,000 ft, subtract 1
             C.     If total cloud cover equal 10/10, subtract 1.  (i.e., if ceiling height is
                    >7,000 and < 16,000 ft then would subtract 2; if > 16,000 ft, subtract  1. If

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                     < 7,000 ft already covered by 1).
              D.     If modified net radiation number is less than 1, set equal to 1.
              £.     If precipitation, subtract 2 from net radiation index calculated from Table
                     1.
              F.     If precipitation and net radiation number is less than 0, set equal to 0.

Table 2 Insolation Class as a Function of Solar Elevation Angle
Solar Elevation Angle (a)
012
Net Radiation Index
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
1
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
-1
6
6
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
-2
7
7
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
       Solar elevation angle (a) is calculated based on the day of the year, the hour of the day,

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and the latitude of the station where

                                          s) + cos(0)cos(<5s)cos(ha)]
where *F     =     local solar elevation angle (deg)
       0      =     latitude of the station (deg)
       65     =     solar declination angle (angle of the sun above the equator)
       ha     =     local hour angle of the sun (= 180 - (h/12)* 1 80 where h is the local hour)
                    (deg)

The solar declination angle is calculated by
where & is the latitude of the Tropic of Cancer (23.5), d is the Julian day, and dr is the Julian day
for the summer solstice (= 173).
       The following assumptions are used if the various variables are missing.

1.      If the wind speed is missing, the stability class is missing.
2.      If the total sky cover is missing, a total sky cover of 10/10 is assumed.
3.      If the ceiling height is missing, an unlimited ceiling (> 16,000 feet) is assumed.

A.2.3  Surface Winds

       The wind direction and wind speed are read in through the input data file by
HRLYPROC. The user provides the height of the wind measurements and the surface roughness
length where the measurements took place and where the data is to be applied. In some cases
wind data is collected over one type of surface, but where the meteorological data will be applied
is over a different type of surface. For example, the wind data may be collected over an area with
cut grass and relatively small surface roughness, and the data would be applied to area which is
forested and has a high surface roughness.  The change in surface roughness would change the
wind speed seen at the measurement height. Wind direction would be unaffected by the change
in surface roughness.

       To estimate the change in wind speed due to the variation is surface roughness, the
diabatic wind profile is used. No attempt is made to model the variation of wind direction with
height above the ground. Diabatic profiles account for the effect of surface roughness and
atmospheric stability on the variation of wind speed with height.

       The diabatic profile model is derived from the atmospheric boundary layer similarity

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theory proposed by Monin and Obukhov (1954).  The basic hypothesis of similarity theory is that
a number of parameters in the atmospheric layer near the ground, including the wind profiles,
should be universal functions of the friction velocity, a length scale, and the height above ground.
 The length scale, L, is referred to as the Monin-Obukhov length and the ratio z/L is related to
atmospheric stability.  When z/L is negative and large (e.g., < -2), the atmosphere is extremely
unstable (convective). When z/L is near zero, the atmosphere is neutral, and when it is positive
and large (e.g., > 1), the atmosphere is extremely stable. A large body of experimental data
supports Monin-Obukhov similarity theory.

       The diabatic wind profile is
                                        K    zo     ^


where         U(z)  =     wind speed at height z (m/s)
              u»     =     friction velocity (boundary-layer turbulence scaling velocity) (m/s)
              k     =     von Karman constant, which has a value of about 0.4 (no units)
              z     =     height (m)
              ZQ     =     measure of local surface roughness (roughness length) (m)
              \l/     =     stability correction factor
              L     =     Monin-Obukhov Length (m)

       The term \|/(z/L) accounts for the effects of stability of the wind profile. In stable
atmospheric conditions, \|f(z/L) has the form -ocz/L, where a is a value between 4.7 and 5.2. For
the program, a value of 5 is used for a. In neutral conditions it V|/(z/L) is zero, and the diabatic
profile simplifies to a logarithmic profile.

       In unstable air, \|f(z/L) is more complicated. According to Panfosky and Dutton (1984),
the most common form of \|/(z/L) for unstable conditions is based on the work by Businger et al.
(1971) and Paulson (1970).  It is
                           ,Z.   , ,rl + X,rl + x-i2N  ~    i   , 11
                         V(~) = Infl-yH [— ] ) - 2 tan1 x + -


where x = (1- 16z/L)1/4. Equation (3) is used to estimate the friction velocity (u») from wind
speed, surface roughness, and the Monin Obukhov Length. In unstable and neutral conditions,
the use of Equation (3) is limited to the lowest 100 meters of the atmosphere.  In stable
conditions, the upper limit of application of Equation (3) is the smaller of 100 meters or three
times the Monin-Obukhov length.  Skibin and Businger (1985) provide the rationale for limiting
application of Equation (3) to three times the Monin-Obukhov length in stable conditions.
       The Monin-Obukhov length is a measure atmospheric stability. It varies from small

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negative values (a few meters) in extremely unstable atmospheric conditions to negative infinite
as the atmospheric stability approaches neutral from unstable. In extremely stable conditions, the
Monin-Obukhov length is small and positive. As neutral conditions are approached from stable
conditions, the Monin-Obukhov length approaches infinity. Thus, there is a discontinuity in the
Monin-Obukhov length at neutral.  However, this discontinuity is not a problem because the
Monin-Obukhov length is found in the denominator of expressions.

       Colder (1972) provides a means for converting from stability class estimates to Monin-
Obukhov lengths. Figure 1 derived from Colder (1972, Figure 5) shows the range for 1/L as a
function of stability classes and surface roughness. Mid-range values for  1/L from this figure are
used by the model to estimate 1/L.

       The following method is used to estimate the wind speed at the application surface
roughness. First, the friction velocity is calculated from the input wind speed, measurement
height and measurement site surface roughness using Equation (3). Using the friction velocity
obtained for the measurement site, the wind speed at the upper height limit (100 meters or the
smaller of 100 meters and three times the Monin-Obukhov for stable conditions) is calculated
using Equation (3). A new friction velocity is calculated using the wind speed at the upper height
limit and the application's surface roughness again from Equation (3). From the new friction
velocity, the wind speed at  the measurement height is calculated using Equation (3). This new
wind speed is used as output, and the surface roughness at the application site along with the
wind measurement height are outputted as the first record.

A.2.4  Mixing Height

       In the layer of the atmosphere next to the earth's surface, friction caused by surface
roughness and heating of the surface combine to generate turbulence that efficiently mixes
material released at or near the surface through the layer. This layer is referred to as the mixing
layer. The top of the mixing layer is marked by a decrease in turbulence brought about by stable
atmospheric conditions above. The depth of the mixing layer, also referred to as the thickness of
the mixing layer, changes with atmospheric conditions.  The mixing layer is generally thickest
during the day and during periods with high wind speeds, and it is thinnest at night during the
periods with low wind speeds. In either case, the mixing layer depth tends to increase with
surface roughness.

       The mixing layer depth is not a variable that is read in by HRLYPROC, but must be
estimated based on the reported meteorological conditions. Mixing depths are calculated in
HRLYPROC using the relationships derived by Zilitinkevich (1972) for stable and neutral
conditions. For stable atmospheric conditions, his relationship is


                                       = k./u'L
where  H     =     mixing-layer depth (m)

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       k      =     von Karman constant (dimensionless, 0.4)
       u*     =     friction velocity (m/s)
       L      =     Monin-Obukhov Length (m)
       f      =     Coriolis parameter ( = 1 .46 x 10"5 sin <|>, where <|> is the latitude) (s"1)

       For neutral and unstable conditions, the mixing layer depth is estimated using
where H      =     mixing layer depth (m)
       P      =     constant (dimensionless)
       u«      =     friction velocity (m/s)
       f      =     Coriolis parameter

Zilitinkevich (1972) assumes that P is equal to k; Pasquill and Smith (1983) suggest P has a
value in the range of 0.2 to 0.3; and Panfosky and Dutton (1984) suggest its range is 0. 15 to 0.25.
 In HRLYPROC, p is assumed to be 0.2.

       Using either formula, the mixing layer depth is not allowed to exceed 2,000 meters or fall
under 10 meters.

A.2.5  Temperature

       For the CD- 144 data, hourly ambient temperature data are converted from the NWS
reporting units of degrees Fahrenheit to Kelvin. For the SAMSON data, the reporting units are
degrees Celsius and are converted to Kelvin.

A.2.6  Precipitation

       Both the CD- 144 and the SAMSON data include codes for the current weather at the
meteorological station.  These codes are based on the type of precipitation (e.g., rain, snow, hail)
and the intensity of the precipitation (e.g., light, moderate, or heavy). These codes are used to
determine a precipitation code and rate that are output by HRLYPROC.

       In the output, the weather code is convert to a precipitation code which ranges from 0 to
6. A zero  is used when there is no precipitation. Precipitation codes 1, 2, and 3 indicate light,
moderate,  and heavy liquid precipitation, respectively. Liquid precipitation includes rain, drizzle,
freezing rain, and freezing drizzle. All drizzle intensities are coded as 1. Codes 4, 5, 6 indicate
light, moderate, and heavy frozen precipitation, respectively. Frozen precipitation include snow,
snow grains, snow pellets, ice pellets, ice crystals, and hail.  If a mixture of liquid and frozen
precipitation is occurring (e.g., rain and snow reported at the same time), liquid precipitation is
assumed unless the intensity of the frozen precipitation is greater than the liquid precipitation.
For example, if both moderate rain and moderate snow where reported for the hour, the

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precipitation code would be 2.  If moderate rain and heavy snow were reported for the hour, the
precipitation code would be 6.

       For the CD-144 data, the precipitation rate is either the value obtain from the TD-3240
date (if available) or a default value.  For the SAMSON data, the precipitation rate may be either
the precipitation rate found in the SAMSON data, the rate obtained from the TD-3240 data if
available and no rate given by the SAMSON data, or a default value. The default value is based
on the precipitation code.  Table 4 shows the default precipitation rate as a function of the
precipitation code. All precipitation rates (whether from SAMSON, TD-3240 or default) are
outputted in units of mm/hr.
Table 4
Default Precipitation Rates Based on Precipitation Code
Precipitation Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
Precipitation Rate (mm/hr)
1
5
10
0.25
1.25
2.5
A.3    Meteorological Processing for JJFDPROC

       This section described the methods used to processing the joint frequency distribution
(JFD) of wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability.  The issues covered include data
manipulation (converting units), how mixing heights are calculated, and how to account for
variations in temperature and precipitation.

A.3.1  Date and Time

       A JFD does not contain any information about the date and time associated with
meteorological variables that are summarized. Thus, the output from the JJFDPROC program
does not include any date and time information. The year, month, day, and hour for the output
record from the JJFDPROC program are set to -1. This allows the program using the output of
the JJFDPROC program to know that the data was created from a JFD.
A.3.2  Atmospheric Stability
       Atmospheric stability comes obtained the JFD read in by the JJFDPROC
no data manipulation is required to estimate the atmospheric stability.
                                                         program. Thus,

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A.3.3  Surface Winds

       The wind direction and wind speed are obtained from the JFD read in by the JJFDPROC
program. The user provides the midpoints of the wind speed classes, whether the wind directions
are given in 16 or 36 sectors, the height of the wind measurement, and the surface roughness at
the measurement site and the application site.

       Most JFD are calculated using 16 sectors. The 22.5° sectors are used because wind
directions were record using these sectors (i.e., North, North-Northeast, ...North-Northwest).
However, since 1965 directions have been recorded in tens of degrees. Thus, it is possible to
produce a JFD that uses 36 sectors, where the sectors would be centered around the multiples of
10 degrees (e.g., 10,20,30).  Whether the 16 or 36 sectors are used, the flow vector (where the
wind is blow towards) is based on the direction associated with the center of the sector (e.g.,  0,
22.5,45,... degrees for the 16 sectors, and 0,10,20, 30,... degrees for the 36 sectors).

       The wind speed midpoints are used as the wind speed. Similar to the hourly data, the
wind speed can be corrected when the surface roughness at the measurement site is different
from the application site (see Section A.2.3). The wind speed midpoints input by the user are
converted to m/s, if they are not already in these units.

A.3.4  Mixing Height

       Mixing height is calculated in the same way as for the hourly meteorological data.
Section A.2.4 describes how the mixing height is calculated.

A.3.5  Temperature

       The ambient temperature is a variables not found in the JFD.  To provided temperature
information, which may be used by the atmospheric models for plume rise and deposition
calculation, the user must supply the temperature information. For the JJFDPROC program, the
user inputs maximum and minimum temperatures for each month.  The maximum and minimum
temperature are available in Local Climatological Data summaries available from the National
Climatic Data Center.

       The variation in temperature is added to the output by dividing the frequency of a given
wind speed class, wind direction sector, and atmospheric stability class by 12 (for the 12 months)
and using the maximum temperature if the stability class is 1 or 2 (extremely unstable  or very
unstable), the minimum temperature if the stability class is 6 or 7 (very stable or extremely
stable), and the average, (max + min)/2, for the other stability classes. This method is based  on
the assumption that unstable condition occur during the middle of the day when maximum
temperature occur and stable condition occur during the night when minimum temperatures
occur.  This method does not take into account that frequency of stability classes by month. That
is, normally, neutral and stable condition occur more often in winter months than during summer
months.

-------
A.3.6  Precipitation

       Precipitation (type and rate) are variables not found in the JFD and must be provided by
the user. The user has an option to include precipitation or not.  If the user wants to include
precipitation, the user must provide the fraction of time precipitation occurs for the various
stability classes. As the precipitation rarely occurs during the extremes of stability, stability class
1 and 2 (extremely unstable and very unstable) are combined into a single class and stability class
6 and 7 (very stable and extremely stable) are combined into another class.  In addition, heavy
rain does not occur very often, so the moderate and heavy categories of precipitation (rain or
snow) are also combined into a single class.  Appendix B presents the fractions of time of the
various precipitation type based on stability class for a number of stations. For a station not on
the list, the precipitation can be estimated by choosing a representative station (which may not be
the nearest station) from the list in Appendix B.

       The precipitation is added to the records by dividing the frequency of a given wind speed
class, wind direction sector and stability class into a percent of time with a precipitation type
including no precipitation. The percent of time with a given precipitation type is based on the
fractions provided by the user, and are applied after the frequencies have been modified to
account for temperature (see Section A.3.5).  Because the moderate and heavy intensity have
been converted to a single category, the precipitation that occur is always assumed to be
moderate.

A.3.7  Weighting

       The weight that is found at the end of each output record is the number of hours for the
given meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability class, etc). It is
calculated by multiply the number of hours that represent the data in the JFD (usually 1 year =
8760 hours) times the frequency of the wind speed class, wind direction sector, atmospheric
stability, temperature, and (if selected) the precipitation type and rate. If the resulting number of
hours (weight factor) is too small, (less than 0.01 hours), the record is not written to the file.
This is to prevent a bunch of records were the time of occurrence is essential zero.

A.4   References

Businger, J.A., J.C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E.F. Bradley. 1971. "Flux-Profile Relationships in
the Atmospheric Surface Layer." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 28(2): 181-189.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).  1995a. User's Guide for the Industrial Source
Complex (ISC3) Dispersion Models Volume II - Description of Model Algorithms. EPA-454/B-
95-003b. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).  1995b. PCRAMMET User's Guide. Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Colder, D. 1982.  "Relations Among Stability Parameters in the Surface Layer." Boundary-

-------
Layer Meteorology 3(l):47-58.

Monin, A.S. and A.M. Obukhov. 1954. "Basic Laws of Turbulent Mixing in the Ground Layer
of the Atmosphere." Trans. Geophys, Inst. Akad. Nauk, USSR 151:163-187.

Napier, B.A., R.A. Peloquin, D.L. Strenge, and J.V. Ramsdell Jr. 1988. GENII- The Hanford
Environmental Radiation Dosimetry Software System. Volume 2: User's Manual. PNL-6584
Vol. 2, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

NCDC. 1990. Hourly Precipitation Data TD-3240.  National Climatic Data Center, Asheville,
North Carolina.

NOAA. 1970. Card Deck 144 WBANHourly Surface Observations Reference Manual.
available from the National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina.

Panofsky, H.A. and J.A. Button. 1984. Atmospheric Turbulence. J. Wiley & Sons, New York.

Pasquill, F. 1974. Atmospheric Diffusion. D.Van Nostrand Company, Ltd., London 2nd
Edition.

Pasquill, F. and F. B. Smith.  1983.  Atmospheric Diffusion, 3rd Edition. Halsted Press, New
York.
Paulson, C. A. 1970. "The Mathematical Representation of Wind Speed and Temperature
Profiles in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer." Journal of Applied Meteorology 9(6):857-
861.

Skibin, D. and J.A. Businger.  1985. "The Vertical Extent of the  Log-Linear Wind Profile Under
Stable Stratification." Atmospheric Environment 19(1):27-30.

Turner, D.B. 1964. "A Diffusion Model for an Urban Area." Journal of Applied Meteorology,
3:83-91.

Zilitinkevich, S.S. 1972. "On the Determination of the Height of the Ekman Boundary Layer."  •
Boundary-Layer Meteorology 3(2): 141-145.

-------
      APPENDIX B




Meteorological File Formats

-------
                                         Appendix B

                                 Meteorological File Formats

        This appendix contains the file formats for the hourly meteorological data files that can
be used as input and the format of the output file.  The input file formats are taken from the
PCRAMMET User's Guide (EPA 1995b).

Surface Data Record - CD 144 Format

        The CD-144 format is given in the following table. Note: only the variables of interest
are provided in the following table.
Element
Surface Station Number
Year
Month
Day
Hour
Ceiling Height (hundreds of feet)
Present Weather
Wind Direction (tens of degrees)
Wind Speed (knots)
Dry Bulb Temperature
Opaque Cloud Cover
Column(s)
1-5
6-7
8-9
10-11
12-13
14-16
25-29
39-40
41-42
47-49
79
Exhibit 1 shows a sample file in the CD-144 format.


Exhibit 1      Sample File in the CD-144 format.


039288B010100---100020000000000034301101052903016014081449250
0392888010101---00002000000000003430113605Z9030140130880
0392888010102---0000200000000000349010020829050160140770
0392888010103---0000200000000000352008060829060150130740
0392888010104---0000200000000000353006060629060130110730
0392888010105---0000200000000000354006360329060120100770
0392888010106---0000200000000000358004060629070120100700
0392868010107	0000200000000000369004020729100120100700
0392888010108---0000200000000000380005360629130110090770
0392888010109---0000200000000000388004361029150130110670
0392888010110---1000200000000000393004320929170150120622
03928880101111205000200000000000402004030929200180140548

-------
0392888010112--
0392888010113--
0392888010114--
0392888010115--
0392888010116--
0392888010117--
0392888010118--
0392888010119--
0392888010120--
0392888010121--
0392888010122--
0392888010123--
0392888010200--
-0000200000000000398005000029190210160500  7120
-1000200000000000395006300329180230180481
-1000200000000000387006240629160230180481
-100020000000000038400730072915024019048118250
-1000200000000000381008240629140240190502
-1000150000000000378010230429130240200552
-100015000000000038301121072914020017068207120282502
-2000150000000000380010210529130190160682
-2000150000000000385010220429140160140772
-200015000000000038500923042914014012080228250
-0000150000000000384010240329140150130810
-0000150000000000387010240729150150130810
-0000150000000000382010230529140140130840
Surface Data Record - SAMSON Format

       Information about the file obtained from PCRAMMET Users Guide (EPA 1995b) and
summarized here.
       The first record in the file retrieved from the SAMSON CD-ROMs contains station data.
The format for this record is
Columns
001
002-006
008-029
031-032
033-036
039-044
(039
040-041
043-044)
047-053
(047
048-050
052-053)
056-059
Element
Indicator
WBAN number
City
State
Time Zone
Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Definition
~ to indicate header record
Station Number
City where station is located
State where station is located
Number of hours by which
local standard time lags or
leads Universal Time
Station Latitude
N or S = North or South
Degrees
Minutes
Station Longitude
E or W = East or West
Degrees
Minutes
Elevation of Station in meters
above sea level.
The FORTRAN format of this record is:

-------
(Ix, a5, Ix, a22, Ix, a2, Ix, 13,2x, al, 12, Ix, 12,2x, al, 13, Ix, 12,2x, 14)
       Each variable In the SAMSON data is represented by a position number. This position
number always corresponds to that variable, no matter how many or how few variables are
retrieved.  The second record in the file retrieved from the SAMSON-CD contains the list of
variables (by a position number) that appear in the data file. There is no particular format; the
variable number appears above the column of data it represents with at least one space (and
usually many more) between the position numbers.

       The rest of the records contain the weather elements retrieved from the SAMSON CD-
ROMs. The data are in free-format (i.e., there is at least one space between each element in the
record). The year, month, day, hour, and observation indicator always appear on each record.
These are followed by the variables retrieved by the user. If all the variables were retrieved, they
would appear in the following order:
Position Number

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Description
Year, month, day, hour (LST), observation indicator
Extraterrestrial horizontial radiation
Extraterrestrial direct normal radiation
Global horizontial radiation
Direct normal radiation
Diffuse horizontial radiation
Total cloud cover
Opaque cloud cover
Dry bulb temperature
Dew point temperature
Relative humidity
Station pressure
Wind direction
Wind speed
Visibility
Ceiling height
Present weather

-------
17
18
19
20
21
Precipitable water
Broadband aerosol optical depth
Snow depth
Days since last snowfall
Hourly precipitation amount and flag
       The on-line help that accompanies the CD-ROMs contains a complete discussion of these
variables, including the units, missing value indicators and any special considerations or
comments.

Exhibit 2 shows a sample file in the SAMSON format. Note the SAMSON file does not contain
all the possible variables, but the ones required by HRLYPROC.

Exhibit 2     Sample File in the SAMSON format.
•03926
•YR
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
MO
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
WICHITA
DA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
HR
1
2
3
4
5
6
^
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
0
0
0
8
-10.0
-8.9
-9.4
-10 6
-11 1
-11.1
-11 1
-11.7
-10.6
-9.4
-7 8
-6.1
-5.0
-5.0
-4.4
-4.4
-4.4
-6.7
-7.2
-8.9
-10.0
-9.4
-9.4
-10.0
KS
9
-11.7
-12.2
-13.3
-14.4
-14.4
-15.6
-15.6
-15.0
-15.6
-15.6
-15.6
-15.0
-14.4
-14.4
-13.9
-13.3
-12.2
-11.7
-12.2
-12.2
-12.8
-12.2
-12.2
-12.2
-6
10
88
77
74
73
77
70
70
77
67
62
54
50
48
48
48
50
55
68
68
77
80
81
81
84
N37
11
983
984
984
984
984
985
986
987
987
988
989
989
988
988
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
39 W097 25 408
12
360
20
60
•60
360
60
20
360
360
320
30
0
300
240
300
240
230
210
210
220
230
240
240
230
13
2.6
4.1
4.1
3.1
1.5
3.1
3.6
3.1
5.2
4.6
4.6
.0
1.5
3.1
3.6
3.1
2.1
3.6
2.6
2.1
2.1
1.5
3.6
2.6
14
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.1
24'. 1
24.1
24.1
15 16
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
3660 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
77777 999999999
                                                                      21
                                                                      0
Hourly Precipitation - TD-3240 Format

       Precipitation data are reported only for those hours during which precipitation occurred.
Variable-length blocks contain a station's precipitation record for one day on a physical record.
The format of the precipitation data for variable-length blocks is as follows.
Field
Column(s)
Description

-------
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
010
Oil
012
001-003
004-011
012-015
016-017
018-021
022-023
024-027
028-030
031-034
035-040
041
042
Record Type
Station indentifier
Meteorological element type
Measurement units
Year
Month
Day (right justified, zero filled)
Number of data groups to follow
Hour (left justified, zero filled)
Value of meteorological element
Measurement flag #1
Quality flag #2 (not used, blank)
       Data groups in the same form as field 009 through 012 are repeated as many times as
necessary to contain one day of values on one record. These data would occupy fields 013
through 108, the maximum number of fields.

       Fixed length block contain a stations's precipitation record for one hour on a physical
record. The structure is indentical to the variable-length blocks, except that only one hour of data
appearas on the record (i.e., fields 001 through 012 on one record).

Output File

       The first record in the output file is the surface roughness length and measurement height
for the site. The two variables are read in free format, so they only need to be seperated by a
space or a comma. The rest of the records are as follows
Column(s)
002-005
007-008
010-011
013-014
Variable
Year
Month
Day
Hour
Description
Is a four digit year (or two digits if from CD- 144) or -1
iffromJJFDPROC
Is the month or -1 if from JJFDPROC
Is the day or - 1 if from JJFDPROC
Is the hour or -1 if from JJFDPROC

-------
016
018-022
024-028
030-035
037-042
044
046-051
053-058
Stability Class
Flow Vector
Wind Speed
Temperature
Mixing Height
Precipitation Code
Precipitation Rate
Weight
Stability Class (if > 7 then missing)
The direction the wind is blowing towards (in degrees).
If greater than 360, then missing.
Wind Speed in m/s. If less than zero or greater than 90,
then missing.
Dry bulb temperature in degrees K. If less than zero or
greater than 385, then missing.
Height of mixing layer in meters. If less than zero or
greater than 8000 than missing.
Code for Precipitation (0 - none, 1, 2, 3 - light,
moderate, and heavy rain, 4,5,6 - light, moderate, and
heavy snow). If > 6, then missing.
Precipitation Rate in mm/hr. Missing if less than zero.
Weighting Factor (1 if from HRLYPROC) which is the
number of hours with meteorological data as given in
the record.
The FORTRAN format of the record would be as follows:
(lx,I4,lx,I2,lx,I2,lx,I2,lx,Il,lx,F5.0,lx,F5.1,lx,F6.2,lx,F6.0,lx,Il,lx,F6.2,lx,F6.0)

Exhibt 3 shows a sample output file from HRLYPROC. Exhibit 4 show a sample output file
from JJFDPROC.
Exhibit 3     Sample Output File from HRLYPROC
.200,
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

6
5
5
6
7
6
5
4
4
3
4
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
7
5
6

180.
200.
240.
240.
180.
240.
200.
180.
180.
140.
210.
210.
120.
60.
120.
60.
50.
30.
30.
40.
50.
60.
60.
50.

2
4
4
3
1
3
3
3
5
4
4
1
1
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
3
2

.6
.1
.1
.1
.5
.1
.6
.1
.1
.6
.6
.0
.5
.1
.6
.1
.1
.6
.6
.1
.1
.5
.6
.6

263
264
263
262
262
262
262
261
262
263
265
267
268
268
268
268
268
266
265
264
263
263
263
263

.15
.26
.70
.59
.04
.04
.04
.48
.59
.70
.37
.04
.15
.15
.71
.71
.71
.48
.93
.26
.15
.70
.70
.15

151.
367.
367.
165.
45.
165.
343.
709.
1181.
1204.
1063.
289.
445.
803.
937.
709.
472.
343.
151.
135.
135.
45.
343.
151.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00
                                        .00

-------
Exhibit 4     Sample Output File from JJFDPROC


 2.000,  10.0
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180     5.3 277.65  2000. 0    .00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5.3 281.65  2000. 0    .00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5.3 285.54  2000. 0    .00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5.3 289.93  2000. 0    .00   2 62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5.3 294.76  2000. 0    .00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5.3 299.43  2000. 0    .00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5 3 304.71  2000. 0    .00   2 62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5 3 303.15  2000. 0     00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5 3 298.32  2000. 0     00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5.3 290.93  2000. 0     00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5.3 282.59  2000. 0    .00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  180.    5 3 279.26  2000. 0    .00   2.62
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5 3 277.65  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 281.65  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 285.54  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 289.93  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 294.76  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 299.43  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 304.71  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 303.15  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 298.32  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 290.93  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 282.59  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  203.    5.3 279.26  2000. 0    .00   1.46
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  225     5.3 277.65  2000. 0    .00   1.68
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  225.    5.3 281.65  2000. 0    .00   1.68
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  225     5.3 285.54  2000. 0    .00   1.68
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  225.    5.3 289.93  2000. 0     00   1.68
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  225.    5.3 294.76  2000. 0    .00   1.68
   -1 -1 -1 -1 1  225.    5.3 299.43  2000. 0    .00   1.68

-------
                        APPENDIX C




PRECIPITATION PROBABILITIES FOR SELECT UNITED STATE STATIONS

-------
                      Appendix C




Precipitation Probabilities for Select United State Stations
Station Name
Fairbanks
International AP
Fairbanks
International AP
Fairbanks
International AP
Fairbanks
International AP
Fairbanks
International AP
Kodiak State CG Base
Kodiak State CG Base
Kodiak State CG Base
Kodiak State CG Base
Kodiak State CG Base
Mobile Bates Field
AP
Mobile Bates Field
AP
Mobile Bates Field
AP
Mobile Bates Field
AP
Mobile Bates Field
AP
Fort Smith Municipal
AP
State
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AR
Precip Type
Light Rain
MooVHvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Stab A-B
3.91E-03
O.OOE+00
1.30E-03
O.OOE+00
5.21E-03
1.36E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.36E-03
1.76E-02
3.08E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.79E-02
7.84E-03
StabC
8.62E-03
9.07E-05
1.40E-02
4.81E-03
2.75E-02
1.16E-02
2.47E-04
2.72E-03
O.OOE+00
1.46E-02
2.47E-02
9.03E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.56E-02
1.35E-02
StabD
9.68E-02
7.08E-04
2.13E-01
9.70E-03
3.20E-01
3.21E-01
2.13E-02
6.61E-02
1.08E-03
4.10E-01
1.32E-01
2.01E-02
4.82E-04
2.68E-05
1.52E-01
1.37E-01
StabE
1.15E-02
O.OOE+00
3.31E-02
5.68E-03
5.03E-02
1.41E-02
O.OOE+00
1.03E-02
O.OOE+00
2.44E-02
2.18E-02
5.07E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.23E-02
1.93E-02
Stab
2.53
0.00
2.55
3.87
6.68
9.35
0.00
3.29
0.00
1.26
3.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.43
3.57

-------
Station Name
Fort Smith Municipal
AP
Fort Smith Municipal
AP
Fort Smith Municipal
AP
Fort Smith Municipal
AP
Little Rock Adams
Field
Little Rock Adams
Field
Little Rock Adams
Field
Little Rock Adams
Field
Little Rock Adams
Field
Tucson International
AP
Tucson International
AP
Tucson International
AP
Tucson International
AP
Tucson International
AP
Fresno Air Terminal
Fresno Air Terminal
Fresno Air Terminal
State
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
CA
CA
CA
Precip Type
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
7.84E-03
5.23E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.23E-03
1.21E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.21E-03
4.13E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
StabC
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.35E-02
1.02E-02
3.54E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.05E-02
6.41E-03
8.33E-05
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
6.50E-03
5.07E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
StabD
1.61E-02
1.06E-02
3.03E-04
1.64E-01
1.61E-01
1.61E-02
8.33E-03
4.12E-04
1.85E-01
7.88E-02
6.36E-03
1.58E-03
3.16E-04
8.71E-02
9.25E-02
5.03E-03
O.OOE+00
StabE
1.85E-04
1.85E-04
O.OOE+00
1.96E-02
1.69E-02
6.39E-04
2.74E-04
O.OOE+00
1.78E-02
6.23E-03
1.05E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
6.34E-03
9.10E-03
1.60E-04
O.OOE+00
Stab
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.57
2.93
4.24
4.24
0.00
3.01
1.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.62
2.10
0.00
0.00

-------
Station Name
Fresno Air Terminal
Fresno Air Terminal
Los Angeles
International AP
Los Angeles
International AP
Los Angeles
International AP
Los Angeles
International AP
Los Angeles
International AP
San Diego Miramax
NAS
San Diego Miramar
NAS
San Diego Miramar
NAS
San Diego Miramar
NAS
San Diego Miramar
NAS
San Francisco
International AP
San Francisco
International AP
San Francisco
International AP
San Francisco
International AP
San Francisco
State
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
Precip Type
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
4.13E-04
8.49E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
8.49E-04
1.13E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.13E-03
2.15E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.15E-04
StabC
O.OOE+00
5.07E-03
1.98E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.98E-03
2.30E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.30E-03
2.90E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.90E-03
StabD
O.OOE+00
9.75E-02
5.31E-02
4.10E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.72E-02
5.09E-02
5.65E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.65E-02
8.49E-02
6.46E-03
2.02E-05
O.OOE+00
9.13E-02
StabE
O.OOE+00
9.26E-03
8.52E-03
8.19E-05
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
8.60E-03
8.08E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
8.08E-03
8.85E-03
1.75E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
9.02E-03
Stab
0.00
2.10
1.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.51
1.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
3.08
8.10
0.00
0.00
3.16

-------
Station Name
International AP
Denver Stapleton
International AP
Denver Stapleton
International AP
Denver Stapleton
International AP
Denver Stapleton
International AP
Denver Stapleton
International AP
Grand Junction
Walker Field AP
Grand Junction
Walker Field AP
Grand Junction
Walker Field AP
Grand Junction
Walker Field AP
Grand Junction
Walker Field AP
Washington National
AP
Washington National
AP
Washington National
AP
Washington National
AP
Washington National
AP
Miami International
State

CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
FL
Precip Type

Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Stab A-B

1.91E-03
O.OOE+00
1.12E-04
2.24E-04
2.24E-03
2.57E-03
O.OOE+00
1.17E-04
O.OOE+00
2.69E-03
4.12E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
4.12E-03
2.84E-02
StabC

9.34E-03
8.42E-05
1.35E-03
8.42E-05
1.09E-02
6.12E-03
O.OOE+00
7.06E-04
1.57E-04
6.98E-03
1.09E-02
3.15E-04
1.05E-04
O.OOE+00
1.14E-02
2.76E-02
StabD

7.78E-02
3.33E-03
1.11E-01
9.38E-03
2.01E-01
7.32E-02
1.25E-03
4.68E-02
1.81E-03
1.23E-01
1.40E-01
1.44E-02
1.42E-02
1.11E-03
1.70E-01
7.10E-02
StabE

7.98E-03
O.OOE+00
6.05E-03
1.24E-03
1.53E-02
5.42E-03
O.OOE+00
1.22E-03
1.11E-04
6.75E-03
1.25E-02
1.47E-04
2.93E-04
O.OOE+00
1.30E-02
1.68E-02
Stab

1.64
0.00
2.46
1.38
5.47
1.16
0.00
1.61
6.45
2.84
5.12
9.30
0.00
0.00
5.21
7.76

-------
Station Name
AP
Miami International
AP
Miami International
AP
Miami International
AP
Miami International
AP
Orlando International
AP
Orlando International
AP
Orlando International
AP
Orlando International
AP
Orlando International
AP
Atlanta Hartsfield
International AP
Atlanta Hartsfield
International AP
Atlanta Hartsfield
International AP
Atlanta Hartsfield
International AP
Atlanta Hartsfield
International AP
Savannah Municipal
AP
Savannah Municipal
State

FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
Precip Type

Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rani
Mod/Hvy Rain
Stab A-B

3.71E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.21E-02
6.61E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
6.61E-03
5.36E-02
1.01E-02
1.55E-03
9.68E-04
6.62E-02
9.62E-03
2.75E-04
StabC

3.27E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.09E-02
1.85E-02
7.77E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.93E-02
5.93E-02
1.01E-02
1.34E-03
2.06E-04
7.09E-02
1.93E-02
5.52E-04
StabD

1.65E-02
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
8.75E-02
1.05E-01
1.46E-02
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.19E-01
7.53E-02
8.42E-03
1.29E-03
9.08E-05
8.51E-02
1.34E-01
1.63E-02
StabE

5.31E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.74E-02
1.87E-02
3.01E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.57E-03
2.41E-03
O.OOE+00
8.18E-02
2.71E-02
3.79E-04
Stab

3.13
0.00
0.00
8.07
3.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.22
7.66
8.66
1.56
3.61
8.71
5.75
4.92

-------
Station Name
AP
Savannah Municipal
AP
Savannah Municipal
AP
Savannah Municipal
AP
Honolulu International
AP
Honolulu International
AP
Honolulu International
AP
Honolulu International
AP
Honolulu International
AP
Des Moines
Municipal AP
Des Moines
Municipal AP
Des Moines
Municipal AP
Des Moines
Municipal AP
Des Moines
Municipal AP
Boise Air Terminal
Boise Air Terminal
Boise Air Terminal
Boise Air Terminal
State

GA
GA
GA
ffl
HI
ffl
ffl
ffl
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
ID
ID
ED
ED
Precip Type

Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
Stab A-B

O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
9.89E-03
2.70E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.70E-03
1.11E-02
O.OOE+00
2.77E-04
O.OOE+00
1.14E-02
2.46E-03
O.OOE+00
4.10E-04
2.74E-04
StabC

O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.99E-02
9.74E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
9.74E-03
1.82E-02
2.20E-04
7.69E-04
4.40E-04
1.97E-02
7.87E-03
O.OOE+00
9.73E-04
7.07E-04
StabD

1.84E-03
O.OOE+00
1.52E-01
1.01E-01
5.18E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.06E-01
1.18E-01
1.05E-02
6.67E-02
1.93E-03
1.97E-01
1.07E-01
2.04E-03
5.72E-02
2.61E-03
StabE

7.58E-05
O.OOE+00
2.76E-02
2.86E-02
3.87E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.90E-02
1.62E-02
3.22E-04
4.18E-03
4.02E-04
2.11E-02
9.49E-03
1.35E-04
1.75E-03
5.38E-04
Stab

0.00
0.00
5.80
9.05
2.25
0.00
0.00
9.28
2.87
0.00
1.13
2.26
6.26
2.41
0.00
8.03
1.09

-------
Station Name
Boise Air Terminal
Chicago-O'Hare
International AP
Chicago-O'Hare
International AP
Chicago-O'Hare
International AP
Chicago-O'Hare
International AP
Chicago-O'Hare
International AP
Peoria - Greater
Peoria AP
Peoria - Greater
Peoria AP
Peoria - Greater
Peoria AP
Peoria - Greater
Peoria AP
Peoria - Greater
Peoria AP
Evansville Dress
Regional AP
Evansville Dress
Regional AP
Evansville Dress
Regional AP
Evansville Dress
Regional AP
Evansville Dress
Regional AP
Russell Municipal AP
State
ID
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IN
IN
ESf
IN
IN
KS
Precip Type
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Stab A-B
3.15E-03
3.26E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.26E-03
9.48E-03
2.37E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
9.72E-03
6.46E-03
O.OOE+00
1.43E-04
O.OOE+00
6.60E-03
3.67E-03
StabC
9.55E-03
6.88E-03
O.OOE+00
6.04E-04
O.OOE+00
7.48E-03
1.54E-02
4.28E-04
2.14E-04
1.07E-04
1.62E-02
1.33E-02
9.91E-05
1.98E-04
O.OOE+00
1.36E-02
4.20E-03
StabD
1.69E-01
1.17E-01
3.96E-03
5.75E-02
1.31E-03
1.80E-01
1.24E-01
1.11E-02
5.08E-02
1.81E-03
1.88E-01
1.68E-01
8.10E-03
3.90E-02
8.61E-04
2.16E-01
7.13E-02
StabE
1.19E-02
5.61E-03
1.84E-04
1.56E-03
O.OOE+00
7.36E-03
1.25E-02
3.68E-04
1.47E-03
2.76E-04
1.46E-02
1.97E-02
1.15E-04
9.22E-04
O.OOE+00
2.07E-02
2.79E-03
Stab
4.30
1.39
9.25
5.55
1.85
2.22
2.63
6.56
1.97
0.00
2.89
3.75
8.94
2.23
0.00
4.07
1.57

-------
Station Name
Russell Municipal AP
Russell Municipal AP
Russell Municipal AP
Russell Municipal AP
Lake Charles
Municipal AP
Lake Charles
Municipal AP
Lake Charles
Municipal AP
Lake Charles
Municipal AP
Lake Charles
Municipal AP
Boston Logan
International AP
Boston Logan
International AP
Boston Logan
International AP
Boston Logan
International AP
Boston Logan
International AP
Bangor International
AP
Bangor International
AP
Bangor International
AP
Bangor International
AP
State
KS
KS
KS
KS
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
ME
ME
ME
ME
Precip Type
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.67E-03
2.11E-02
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.11E-02
8.97E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
8.97E-03
2.77E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
StabC
1.27E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
4.33E-03
2.42E-02
1.05E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
2.53E-02
1.06E-02
1.49E-04
1.49E-04
O.OOE+00
1.09E-02
9.46E-03
1.15E-04
1.96E-03
O.OOE+00
StabD
3.56E-03
2.88E-02
1.26E-03
1.05E-01
1.34E-01
1.52E-02
1.85E-04
5.27E-05
1.49E-01
1.28E-01
8.25E-03
3.43E-02
2.06E-03
1.73E-01
1.52E-01
7.30E-03
6.33E-02
4.62E-03
StabE
1.39E-04
4.87E-04
O.OOE+00
3.41E-03
1.88E-02
4.96E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.93E-02
7.29E-03
O.OOE+00
7.77E-04
O.OOE+00
8.06E-03
9.49E-03
3.24E-04
3.99E-03
1.08E-04
Stab
0.00
3.94
0.00
1.97
3.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.58
2.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.97
3.14
5.32
1.44
1.59

-------
Station Name
Bangor International
AP
Detroit Metropolitan
AP
Detroit Metropolitan
AP
Detroit Metropolitan
AP
Detroit Metropolitan
AP
Detroit Metropolitan
AP
Sault Ste Marie Wx
Station Office
Sault Ste Marie Wx
Station Office
Sault Ste Marie Wx
Station Office
Sault Ste Marie Wx
Station Office
Sault Ste Marie Wx
Station Office
International Falls AP
International Falls AP
International Falls AP
International Falls AP
International Falls AP
Minneapolis-St.Paul
International AP
Minneapolis-St.Paul
International AP
State
ME
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
Precip Type
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Stab A-B
2.77E-03
5.16E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.16E-03
4.49E-03
O.OOE+00
3.37E-03
O.OOE+00
7.87E-03
7.50E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.44E-03
1.09E-02
7.98E-03
O.OOE+00
StabC
1.15E-02
1.22E-02
1.33E-04
9.29E-04
O.OOE+00
1.33E-02
7.87E-03
1.29E-04
1.12E-02
5.16E-04
1.98E-02
1.30E-02
1.23E-04
3.57E-03
4.80E-03
2.15E-02
1.35E-02
O.OOE+00
StabD
2.27E-01
1.18E-01
5.05E-03
7.13E-02
1.48E-03
1.96E-01
1.28E-01
3.81E-03
1.80E-01
6.67E-03
3.19E-01
9.91E-02
1.83E-03
1.77E-01
7.50E-03
2.85E-01
8.78E-02
5.11E-03
StabE
1.39E-02
9.58E-03
9.30E-05
1.49E-03
1.86E-04
1.14E-02
6.86E-03
O.OOE+00
2.62E-02
1.06E-04
3.31E-02
1.24E-02
1.93E-04
1.87E-02
1.76E-02
4.88E-02
8.86E-03
1.81E-04
Stab
4.78
1.38
0.00
1.97
0.00
1.58
2.61
0.00
1.10
4.80
1.41
2.11
0.00
3.84
1.46
2.06
2.44
0.00

-------
Station Name
Minneapolis-St.Paul
International AP
Minneapolis-St.Paul
International AP
Minneapolis-St.Paul
International AP
Kansas City
International AP
Kansas City
International AP
Kansas City
International AP
Kansas City
International AP
Kansas City
International AP
Meridian Naval Air
Station
Meridian Naval Air
Station
Meridian Naval Air
Station
Meridian Naval Air
Station
i
Meridian Naval Air
Station
Billings Logan
International AP
Billings Logan
International AP
Billings Logan
International AP
State
MN
MN
MN
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MT
MT
MT
Precip Type
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Stab A-B
6.94E-04
O.OOE+00
8.67E-03
5.90E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.90E-03
5.93E-03
1.14E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
7.07E-03
2.22E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
StabC
2.04E-03
4.09E-04
1.59E-02
1.02E-02
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.02E-02
1.81E-02
4.09E-03
2.10E-04
O.OOE+00
2.24E-02
4.55E-03
O.OOE+00
2.16E-03
StabD
8.21E-02
2.63E-03
1.78E-01
1.03E-01
4.25E-03
2.79E-02
9.05E-04
1.36E-01
1.91E-01
4.86E-02
3.22E-03
5.79E-04
2.43E-01
5.92E-02
1.43E-03
8.44E-02
StabE
6.14E-03
1.90E-03
1.71E-02
8.17E-03
1.51E-04
3.03E-04
7.56E-05
8.70E-03
3.69E-02
5.61E-03
4.01E-04
O.OOE+00
4.29E-02
5.18E-03
O.OOE+00
5.99E-03
Stab
2.27
2.94
7.66
2.85
0.00
8.90
4.45
3.38
8.41
8.84
0.00
0.00
9.30
9.00
0.00
3.60

-------
Station Name
Billings Logan
International AP
Billings Logan
International AP
Missoula Johnson-
Bell Field
Missoula Johnson-
Bell Field
Missoula Johnson-
Bell Field
Missoula Johnson-
Bell Field
Missoula Johnson-
Bell Field
Asheville Regional
AP
Asheville Regional
AP
Asheville Regional
AP
Asheville Regional
AP
Asheville Regional
AP
Raleigh-Durham AP
Raleigh-Durham AP
Raleigh-Durham AP
Raleigh-Durham AP
Raleigh-Durham AP
Bismark Municipal
AP
State
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
ND
Precip Type
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Stab A-B
6.06E-04
2.83E-03
1.78E-03
O.OOE+00
5.56E-04
O.OOE+00
2.33E-03
7.83E-03
1.37E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
7.96E-03
5.27E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.27E-03
6.37E-03
StabC
5.69E-04
7.28E-03
1.02E-02
O.OOE+00
4.64E-03
5.01E-04
1.53E-02
1.44E-02
2.23E-04
1.12E-04
O.OOE+00
1.47E-02
9.12E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
9.12E-03
1.55E-02
StabD
2.34E-03
1.47E-01
1.05E-01
1.86E-03
9.16E-02
9.31E-04
2.00E-01
1.75E-01
1.11E-02
1.99E-02
9.73E-04
2.06E-01
1.76E-01
1.74E-02
6.08E-03
6.81E-04
2.00E-01
7.00E-02
StabE
1.62E-03
1.28E-02
1.03E-02
O.OOE+00
5.52E-03
3.45E-04
1.62E-02
1.88E-02
O.OOE+00
7.45E-04
O.OOE+00
1.96E-02
1.78E-02
1.56E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.80E-02
1.17E-02
Stab
1.41
5.91
1.40
0.00
3.09
9.47
5.43
5.20
0.00
1.06
0.00
5.31
3.99
5.12
0.00
0.00
4.04
2.21

-------
Station Name
Bismark Municipal
AP
Bismark Municipal
AP
Bismark Municipal
AP
Bismark Municipal
AP
North Platte Lee Bird
Field AP
North Platte Lee Bird
Field AP
North Platte Lee Bird
Field AP
North Platte Lee Bird
Field AP
North Platte Lee Bird
Field AP
Albuquerque
International AP
Albuquerque
International AP
Albuquerque
International AP
Albuquerque
International AP
Albuquerque
International AP
Las Vegas McCarran
International AP
Las Vegas McCarran
International AP
State
ND
ND
ND
ND
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NV
NV
Precip Type
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
5.10E-04
1.02E-02
1.71E-02
2.58E-03
O.OOE+00
2.35E-04
O.OOE+00
2.82E-03
1.77E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.77E-03
9.81E-04
O.OOE+00
StabC
4.86E-04
3.16E-03
1.11E-02
3.02E-02
5.25E-03
1.12E-04
7.82E-04
O.OOE+00
6.14E-03
5.51E-03
1.75E-04
6.12E-04
O.OOE+00
6.29E-03
3.91E-03
O.OOE+00
StabD
4.18E-03
1.22E-01
1.65E-02
2.12E-01
7.76E-02
5.11E-03
7.05E-02
3.22E-03
1.56E-01
7.46E-02
3.48E-03
2.53E-02
7.43E-04
1.04E-01
4.30E-02
1.24E-03
StabE
O.OOE+00
9.11E-03
1.67E-02
3.76E-02
7.09E-03
8.35E-05
3.25E-03
O.OOE+00
1.04E-02
9.66E-03
4.20E-04
2.80E-04
O.OOE+00
1.04E-02
3.28E-03
5.65E-05
Stab
1.20
2.75
2.12
2.62
1.43
0.00
8.94
5.96
2.38
8.61
0.00
5.06
0.00
9.11
9.43
0.00

-------
Station Name
Las Vegas McCarran
International AP
Las Vegas McCarran
International AP
Las Vegas McCarran
International AP
Reno Cannon
International AP
Reno Cannon
International AP
Reno Cannon
International AP
Reno Cannon
International AP
Reno Cannon
International AP
Binghamton Link
Field AP
Binghamton Link
Field AP
Binghamton Link
Field AP
Binghamton Link
Field AP
Binghamton Link
Field AP
Buffalo Greater
International AP
Buffalo Greater
International AP
Buffalo Greater
International AP
State
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NV
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
Precip Type
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
9.81E-04
1.39E-03
O.OOE+00
7.70E-05
7.70E-05
1.54E-03
3.84E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.84E-03
6.79E-03
O.OOE+00
1.02E-03
StabC
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.91E-03
6.67E-03
1.99E-04
3.68E-03
3.98E-04
1.09E-02
1.02E-02
1.36E-04
1.90E-03
4.07E-04
1.26E-02
1.32E-02
1.40E-04
6.46E-03
StabD
6.18E-04
O.OOE+00
4.49E-02
7.25E-02
2.22E-03
4.42E-02
3.64E-03
1.23E-01
1.33E-01
8.48E-03
1.43E-01
2.66E-03
2.87E-01
1.46E-01
9.20E-03
1.40E-01
StabE
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.33E-03
7.95E-03
9.58E-05
4.50E-03
1.92E-04
1.27E-02
7.93E-03
O.OOE+00
1.39E-02
1.67E-04
2.20E-02
1.76E-02
1.97E-04
1.39E-02
Stab
0.00
0.00
9.43
1.54
0.00
7.88
1.13
2.44
2.06
0.00
5.96
2.29
8.25
2.79
0.00
7.14

-------
Station Name
Buffalo Greater
International AP
Buffalo Greater
International AP
New York JFK
International AP
New York JFK
International AP
New York JFK
International AP
New York JFK
International AP
New York JFK
International AP
Dayton Cox
International AP
Dayton Cox
International AP
Dayton Cox
International AP
Dayton Cox
International AP
Dayton Cox
International AP
Medford Jackson
County AP
Medford Jackson
County AP
Medford Jackson
County AP
Medford Jackson
County AP
State
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OR
OR
OR
OR
Precip Type
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
7.81E-03
6.33E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
6.33E-03
6.28E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.90E-04
6.47E-03
2.51E-03
O.OOE+00
7.60E-05
7.60E-05
StabC
O.OOE+00
1.98E-02
7.93E-03
1.09E-04
1.09E-04
O.OOE+00
8.14E-03
1.47E-02
2.37E-04
7.11E-04
O.OOE+00
1.56E-02
1.77E-02
O.OOE+00
2.13E-03
O.OOE+00
StabD
3.73E-03
2.99E-01
1.27E-01
9.63E-03
1.90E-02
7.85E-04
1.56E-01
1.55E-01
1.04E-02
8.18E-02
1.57E-03
2.49E-01
2.06E-01
3.70E-03
1.49E-02
1.01E-04
StabE
7.89E-04
3.25E-02
1.15E-02
O.OOE+00
4.24E-04
O.OOE+00
1.19E-02
2.00E-02
3.43E-04
4.37E-03
6.85E-04
2.54E-02
3.45E-02
1.34E-04
2.41E-03
O.OOE+00
Stab
7.80
1.07
5.24
1.25
0.00
0.00
5.36
3.89
1.39
9.73
6.95
5.08
6.63
3.59
1.11
3.59

-------
Station Name
Medford Jackson
County AP
Pendelton Municipal
AP
Pendelton Municipal
AP
Pendelton Municipal
AP
Pendelton Municipal
AP
Pendelton Municipal
AP
Pittsburgh-Greater
International AP
Pittsburgh-Greater
International AP
Pittsburgh-Greater
International AP
Pittsburgh-Greater
International AP
Pittsburgh-Greater
International AP
Rapid City Regional
AP
Rapid City Regional
AP
Rapid City Regional
AP
Rapid City Regional
AP
Rapid City Regional
AP
State
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
SD
SD
SD
SD
SD
Precip Type
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Stab A-B
2.66E-03
2.11E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE-KM)
2.11E-03
1.13E-03
O.OOE+00
6.77E-04
O.OOE+00
1.81E-03
4.01E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
l.OOE-03
5.01E-03
StabC
1.98E-02
9.31E-03
O.OOE+00
7.68E-04
9.60E-05
1.02E-02
5.22E-03
O.OOE+00
1.43E-03
1.30E-04
6.78E-03
7.74E-03
1.07E-04
2.15E-03
7.52E-04
1.07E-02
StabD
2.24E-01
1.21E-01
3.48E-03
4.57E-02
1.05E-03
1.71E-01
1.53E-01
1.01E-02
1.10E-01
2.75E-03
2.75E-01
7.46E-02
2.22E-03
1.06E-01
6.59E-03
1.89E-01
StabE
3.70E-02
1.31E-02
O.OOE+00
9.09E-04
4.54E-04
1.44E-02
9.24E-03
1.99E-04
6.26E-03
5.96E-04
1.63E-02
4.81E-03
O.OOE+00
3.97E-03
2.14E-03
1.09E-02
Stab
7.82
3.74
0.00
5.06
3.03
4.55
2.14
0.00
1.13
0.00
3.27
5.55
6.93
2.29
1.59
4.51

-------
Station Name
Nashville
Metropolitan AP
Nashville
Metropolitan AP
Nashville
Metropolitan AP
Nashville
Metropolitan AP
Nashville
Metropolitan AP
Austin Mueller
Municipal AP
Austin Mueller
Muncipal AP
Austin Mueller
Muncipal AP
Austin Mueller
Muncipal AP
Austin Mueller
Muncipal AP
Corpus Christi NAAS
Corpus Christi NAAS
Corpus Christi NAAS
Corpus Christi NAAS
Corpus Christi NAAS
Dallas Hensley Field
NAS
Dallas Hensley Field
NAS
Dallas Hensley Field
NAS
State
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
Precip Type
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Stab A-B
3.00E-03
2.73E-04
O.OOE+00
1.36E-04
3.41E-03
8.28E-03
1.53E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
8.44E-03
1.37E-02
1.05E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.47E-02
1.25E-04
7.50E-04
O.OOE+00
StabC
8.64E-03
1.88E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
8.83E-03
1.01E-02
1.91E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.03E-02
1.27E-02
1.10E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.38E-02
8.11E-04
1.16E-03
O.OOE+00
StabD
1.53E-01
1.36E-02
1.57E-02
6.84E-04
1.83E-01
1.23E-01
1.09E-02
2.09E-03
4.74E-05
1.36E-01
8.16E-02
1.14E-02
1.92E-04
O.OOE+00
9.32E-02
4.54E-03
1.68E-02
4.94E-04
StabE
1.80E-02
5.95E-04
5.21E-04
O.OOE+00
1.91E-02
1.43E-02
5.10E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.48E-02
7.33E-03
5.79E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
7.91E-03
1.05E-04
1.05E-03
O.OOE+00
Stab
4.40
5.50
0.00
0.00
4.45
3.53
1.20
0.00
0.00
3.65
6.20
3.00
0.00
0.00
6.50
0.00
3.19
0.00

-------
Station Name
Dallas Hensley Field
NAS
Dallas Hensley Field
NAS
El Paso International
AP
£1 Paso International
AP
El Paso International
AP
El Paso International
AP
El Paso International
AP
Lubbock International
AP
Lubbock International
AP
Lubbock International
AP
Lubbock International
AP
Lubbock International
AP
Cedar City Municipal
AP
Cedar City Municipal
AP
Cedar City Municipal
AP
Cedar City Municipal
State
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
UT
UT
UT
UT
Precip Type
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
8.75E-04
2.20E-03
O.OOE+00
7.59E-05
O.OOE+00
2.28E-03
4.86E-03
3.47E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.21E-03
1.80E-03
O.OOE+00
4.00E-04
4.00E-04
StabC
O.OOE+00
1.97E-03
6.68E-03
7.68E-05
1.54E-04
O.OOE+00
6.91E-03
3.72E-03
1.10E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.83E-03
5.31E-03
O.OOE+00
2.82E-03
1.08E-04
StabD
O.OOE+00
2.18E-02
8.39E-02
5.11E-03
1.15E-02
9.33E-04
1.01E-01
6.29E-02
3.97E-03
1.36E-02
7.19E-04
8.12E-02
6.34E-02
1.30E-03
7.83E-02
5.19E-03
StabE
O.OOE+00
1.16E-03
1.43E-02
6.73E-05
6.06E-04
O.OOE+00
1.50E-02
3.72E-03
6.76E-05
6.76E-05
6.76E-05
3.92E-03
4.14E-03
O.OOE+00
3.35E-03
3.52E-04
Stab
0.00
3.19
3.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.12
7.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.55
1.61
0.00
2.08
3.13

-------
Station Name
AP
Cedar City Municipal
AP
Salt Lake City
International AP
Salt Lake City
International AP
Salt Lake City
International AP
Salt Lake City
International AP
Salt Lake City
International AP
Norfolk Naval Air
Station
Norfolk Naval Air
Station
Norfolk Naval Air
Station
Norfolk Naval Air
Station
Norfolk Naval Air
Station
Burlington
International AP
Burlington
International AP
Burlington
International AP
Burlington
International AP
Burlington
State

UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
Precip Type

All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Stab A-B

2.60E-03
1.85E-03
1.85E-04
2.22E-03
O.OOE+00
4.26E-03
3.08E-03
1.93E-04
1.93E-04
O.OOE+00
3.47E-03
4.87E-03
3.25E-04
6.50E-04
O.OOE+00
5.85E-03
StabC

8.24E-03
6.22E-03
2.59E-04
2.16E-03
2.59E-04
8.90E-03
1.13E-02
6.53E-04
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.20E-02
1.19E-02
O.OOE+00
3.24E-03
O.OOE+00
1.51E-02
StabD

1.48E-01
8.42E-02
5.28E-03
7.26E-02
5.99E-03
1.68E-01
1.46E-01
2.02E-02
7.33E-03
1.38E-03
1.75E-01
1.28E-01
6.21E-03
9.90E-02
4.98E-03
2.38E-01
StabE

7.84E-03
5.66E-03
6.36E-05
4.07E-03
1.27E-04
9.92E-03
1.24E-02
1.24E-03
3.09E-04
O.OOE+00
1.39E-02
1.43E-02
O.OOE+00
1.02E-02
4.52E-04
2.50E-02
Stab

3.99
1.88
0.00
2.85
4.17
5.15
5.73
3.45
6.91
0.00
6.15
2.87
0.00
3.42
7.77
7.07

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Station Name
International AP
Seattle-Tacoma
International AP
Seattle-Tacoma
International AP
Seattle-Tacoma
International AP
Seattle-Tacoma
International AP
Seattle-Tacoma
International AP
Green Bay Austin
Straubel Field
Green Bay Austin
Straubel Field
Green Bay Austin
Straubel Field
Green Bay Austin
Straubel Field
Green Bay Austin
Straubel Field
Huntington Tri-City
AP
Huntington Tri-City
AP
Huntington Tri-City
AP
Huntington Tri-City
AP
Huntington Tri-City
AP
Lander Hunt Field AP
State

WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WI
WI
WI
WI
WI
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WY
Precip Type

Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Mod/Hvy Rain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Light Rain
Stab A-B

4.93E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
4.93E-03
3.86E-03
O.OOE+00
2.76E-04
O.OOE+00
4.14E-03
4.98E-03
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
4.98E-03
2.14E-03
StabC

1.03E-02
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.03E-02
8.76E-03
O.OOE+00
1.71E-03
2.28E-04
1.07E-02
1.36E-02
O.OOE+00
1.34E-03
O.OOE+00
1.49E-02
4.53E-03
StabD

2.14E-01
4.47E-03
7.17E-03
3.99E-04
2.26E-01
1.06E-01
2.73E-03
8.79E-02
2.71E-03
2.00E-01
1.95E-01
6.33E-03
7.09E-02
3.39E-03
2.76E-01
7.72E-02
StabE

1.13E-02
O.OOE+00
2.47E-04
O.OOE+00
1.16E-02
1.05E-02
O.OOE+00
6.59E-03
O.OOE+00
1.71E-02
2.76E-02
8.69E-05
3.74E-03
O.OOE+00
3.15E-02
2.24E-03
Stab

4.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.37
2.98
0.00
1.22
0.00
4.20
3.50
0.00
0.00
5.07
3.55
4.07

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Station Name
Lander Hunt Field AP
Lander Hunt Field AP
Lander Hunt Field AP
Lander Hunt Field AP
State
WY
WY
WY
WY
Precip Type
Mod/HvyRain
Light Snow
Mod/Hvy Snow
All
Stab A-B
O.OOE+00
7.41E-04
3.29E-04
3.21E-03
StabC
O.OOE+00
3.29E-03
3.55E-04
8.17E-03
StabD
1.76E-03
1.40E-01
8.97E-03
2.28E-01
StabE
6.80E-05
5.30E-03
2.72E-04
7.89E-03
Stab
0.00
2.90
3.62
3.67

-------