EPA-430/1-74-011
Self-Monitoring  Procedures:
Basic Parameters for
                  Municipal Effluents
STAFF GUIDE
         U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                  WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS

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                 STAFF GUIDE

                      for

           CONDUCTING THE COURSE.
        SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES:
BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS
  U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
            Water Program Operations
     Municipal Permits and Operations Division
             National Training Center

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                DISCLAIMER






Reference to commercial products, trade names,  or




manufacturers is for purposes of example and illustration.




Such references do not constitute endorsement by the




Office of Water Program Operations, U. S. Environmental




Protection Agency.

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                    TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                        Page
Note to the User of this Manual	

Part I.  Course Planning and Management

  A.  COURSE PLAN AND SCHEDULE
      Responsibilities in Self-Monitoring Training	  1-1
      Announcing the Course	  2-1
      Summary Plan for Course	  3-1
      Sample Schedules	  4-1
      Milestones in Course Planning	  5-1

  B.  RESOURCES
      Training Staff	  6-1
      Training Facilities	  7-1
      Laboratory Equipment and Supply Requirements	  8-1
      Instructional Materials	  9-1

  C.  SECRETARIAL SUPPORT
      Course Records and Record-keeping	10-1
      Suggested Student Registration Procedures	 11-1
      Printed and Reproduced Material	12-1
      Summary of Required Printed/Reproduced Material
        with Samples, Examples of Printed Matter	 13-1

Part II.  Instructional Guides

  A.  BOD AND RELATED PROCEDURES
      Winkler Dissolved Oxygen-Azide Modification	 14-1
      Dissolved Oxygen Meter	15-1
      Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BODs)	16-1

  B.  HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION
      pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
        Treatment Plant Effluents	17-1

  C.  MICROBIOLOGY
      Bacteriological Sampling	18-1
      Fecal Coliform Test by Multiple Dilution Tube
        Method	19-1
      Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method	 20-1
      Calculation of Geometric Mean of Fecal Coliform— 21-1
  D.  SEWAGE SOLIDS
      Total Suspended (Non-Filterable)  Solids	22-1
  E.  RESIDUAL CHLORINE
      Amperometric Determination of Free and Combined
        Residual Chlorine in Water	23-1
  F.  FLOW MEASUREMENT
      Flow Measurement with Parshall Flume	24-1
      Flow Measurement with Sharp-Crested Weir	25-1
  G.  SAMPLING
      General Sewage Sampling Procedures	26-1
  H.  REPORT TO REGULATORY AGENCY
      Reporting of Self-Monitoring Report Forms	 27-1

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               - TO THE USER OF THIS MANUAL -
Background of Effluent Self-Monitoring Requirement
With passage of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500) a new permit program was
created to replace and improve upon the earlier permit system
which existed under the 1899 Refuse Act.

Under the 1972 Act, the United States Environmental Protection
Agency is required to establish national effluent limitations
and national treatment performance standards for all sources
of water pollution, including not only municipal discharges,
but also factories, animal feedlots, and power plants.  These
effluent limitations are the maximum amount of a pollutant
that any discharger may release into a water body.

In order to insure that the prescribed effluent limits are met,
every discharger is required to obtain an NPDES (National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) Permit.  Types of water
discharge sources for which a permit is required include
municipal wastewater treatment facilities, manufacturing
plants, agriculture, forestry, mining and fishing operations,
and other service, wholesale, retail, and commercial estab-
lishments having operations which result in discharge of water
to the Nation's bodies of water.

The NPDES Permit is not a license to pollute.  To the contrary,
a Permit stipulates what may be discharged, and how much may
be discharged over a defined period of time.  Each Permit is
tailored to the discharger, and sets specific limits on each
effluent.
AT.BMP.1.9.74

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Furthermore, the NPDES Permit also requires dischargers to
monitor their effluents, performing specified tests and
measurements at designated frequencies specified in the
individual Permit, and to report the amount and nature of all
waste components discharged.
Training Need Associated with Self-Monitoring Requirements
Compliance with NPDES requires that all specified tests and
measurements be performed in accordance with methods specified
by EPA and announced in the Federal Register.  Only under very
limited conditions are deviations from specified methods
acceptable.

These requirements are the basis of an immediate, massive,
training need to provide the responsible wastewater treatment
personnel with the knowledge and skills required to comply
with the self-monitoring requirement.  There is at present a
wide range of initial capabilities for performing the tests
and measurements.  This ranges from the situation in the large,
fully-staffed, fully-equipped facility in which little or no
training is required,  through all shades and levels to the
limited staff in small, inadequately-equipped facilities in
which at present there is little or no present capability for
performing the required tests and measurements.

This is one of several special short-term courses recently-
developed and currently under development by the Environmental
Protection Agency and associated educational institutions.
This Instructor's Guide is intended to assist other training
organizations in conducting training of wastewater treatment
plant operational personnel in the tests, measurements, and
report preparation required for compliance with their NPDES
Permits.

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draining Available or Under Development to Meet
Self-Monitoring Requirements	
        Title
 Workers should take this who—
Basic Laboratory Skills
for Self-Monitoring
Tests and Measurements.
Self-Monitoring Procedures
Basic Parameters for
Municipal Effluents
Effluent Monitoring
Procedures:
Metals Analyses
Effluent Monitoring
Procedures: Nutrients
Effluent Monitoring
Procedures:
Flow Measurement and
Sampling Techniques
Have little or no laboratory
experience or training, and need
to develop basic skills including
use of balance, preparation of
solutions and reagents, names,
characteristics, preparation, and
care of common laboratory equip-
ment supplies.  This course pre-
pares students requiring such
training for entry into the
following named courses in which
procedures for designated tests
and measurements are learned.

Have basic laboratory skills, as
designated above, but need to
learn one or more of the procedures
required for most or all municipal
effluents, including BOD, fecal
coliform, pH, suspended solids,
flow, and reporting of results.

Usually these students will have
completed the "Basic Parameters"
course, but have a Permit which
requires report on one or more
metals; reporting of results.

Usually these students will have
completed the "Basic Parameters"
course, but have a Permit which
requires periodic report on one
or more of the so-called "nutrients,"
including nitrogen and phosphorus;
reporting of results.

Have made arrangements whereby
the required laboratory procedures
are performed elsewhere by contract
or other special arrangement, and
who are required only to collect
and care for samples, and to
make such tests and measurements
as must be made at the sampling
site.

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Any of the analytical courses
of EPA National Training
Center as applicable for
specific Permits
Are professional chemists,
microbiologists, or key labora-
tory technicians in large treat-
ment facilities in which they
work full-time in a designated
series of analytical tests and
measurements.

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A Personal Note to the User of this Guide
The need for providing this training, and the nature of
current efforts of the Environmental Protection Agency, to
meet this need have been discussed in foregoing paragraphs.

It is an oversimplification of a classic quotation to say
that all that is needed to conduct training is to "put Mark
Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other."
It is almost as much an oversimplification to say that all
that is needed to conduct a course is to bring together the
students and the instructional staff in a classroom and
laboratory equipped with requisite equipment and supplies
for the instruction to be delivered.

A short course such as this, involving both classroom
instruction and laboratory application, with critical
learning outcomes to be achieved within a limited period of
time, absolutely requires careful, detailed planning, prepa-
ration, and implementation.  Meticulous attention to detail
and effective staff teamwork are essential at every step of
course planning, development, and implementation.

The purpose of this Instructors' Guide is to provide you,
the training staff member, with useful, practical assistance
for use in presenting this course in your own facilities.
The Guide is a resource.  It is not a blueprint, to be
followed rigidly, or unthinkingly.  You will have to plan,
to think, and to prepare, even with this guide or any other
form of assistance, in order to perform effectively in con-
ducting this course.  On the other hand, this Guide should
be helpful in reducing the amount of original development
work you will have to do, and it should be helpful in sug--
gesting factors in course planning and presentation which
otherwise might be ignored or glossed over.

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You are invited, in fact requested, to participate actively
in making this Guide a living document which effectively
represents the best experience of all in planning, preparing
for, conducting, and terminating this course.  Please provide
this office with your constructive suggestions for strength-
ening and improving upon this Guide, based on your own experi-
ences in conducting the course.  Your recommendations will be
fully considered in future editions of this and other
Instructor Guides for other courses of this series.  In the
event that questions arise in interpretation of any aspect
of this Instructors' Guide, please write or call:
          Director, National Training Center
          Municipal Permits and Operations Division
          Water Program Operations
          U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
          Cincinnati, OH 45268

Telephone (513) 684-8228
                              Harold L. Jeter
                              Director
                              National Training Center

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            PART I.  COURSE MANAGEMENT

This Manual consists of two major parts.  Part I is con-
cerned with administrative aspects of planning, preparing,
and conducting the course.  Part II consists of guidance
to the instructional staff on the technical content, learn-
ing objectives to be achieved by the students, and lesson-
by-lesson instructional guides for each of the several
self-monitoring procedures covered in this course.

Part I, which immediately follows, will have greatest value
to those conducting this course for the first time, or for
the first few times.  With practice in conducting the
training most organizations will develop their own adapta-
tions and ramifications of this plan to meet their own
requirements and the specific situation.

It is strongly urged that each institution conducting this
training course develop its own formal version of such a
guide as this.  Staff does change; new personnel require
indoctrination and training on standard procedures of the
organization they have joined.  Rules and procedures pro-
mulgated by regulatory authority do change; such changes
will require adjustment in course content.  With repetition
of specified tasks, many staff members, however dedicated,
do slip into unconscious variations in practice or omissions
in details which can subtly change the character of the
course.  A formal plan and guide, consciously studied and
followed, can help the training instructor and the adminis-
trator to avoid many pitfalls.

Intelligent use of a plan such as this, with variations as
proven necessary, can go far in keeping this course in har-
mony with the needs of the students and with requirements

AT.BMP.2.9.74

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of regulatory authorities; and above all, the course should
remain free of the distractions and last-minute corrections
of errors or omissions discovered at untimely stages in
course preparation and presentation.

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Part I.  Course Management

           --A.  Course Plan and Working Schedules

This Section considers five topics:
1.  Responsibilities in self-monitoring training
    It is an inherent responsibility of any teacher to
    provide a learning situation which gives the student
    the best possible opportunity to develop the target
    level of knowledge and skills.
    In addition, and not to be overlooked, this course
    involves a responsibility to the regulatory agency--to
    assure that students acquire specified knowledge and
    skills and that these skills are acquired to a level
    such that data reported by the student will be accepted
    as reliable by the regulatory authority.

2.  Announcing the course
    This section gives examples of course announcements,
    and identifies specific information which should be
    provided in any course announcement.
3.  Summary plan for the course
    This is a one-page summary of the course plan, in which
    the reader can discover the subject matter coverage,
    days and approximate time allocations, and the designa-
    tion of the instructional specialty involved in pre-
    senting the instruction.

4.  Sample course schedule
    This covers the same information as in item 3 above.
    The format is different, and provides a day-by-day,
    hour-by-hour class schedule.  This schedule-format has
    been found most practical at the National Training
AT.BMP.3.9.74

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Center for more than 20 years.  It works.  It is
recommended to your use.
Milestones in course planning and preparation
Each member of the training staff has individual and'
cooperative duties in planning and conducting the
course.  Much of the responsibility of each staff
member is outlined in the section on Training Staff
(Outline 6, later in this Guide).  The milestone chart
shown here is an example of a plan to accomplish
necessary tasks in a timely manner.  It is necessary
that each training institution develop its own
logistics of course preparation to meet the situation
at hand.  It is urged that a formal milestone chart
be developed.

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         RESPONSIBILITIES IN SELF MONITORING TRAINING

 I.  Implications of NPDES
     Each Permit issued under the National Pollutant Dis-
     charge Elimination System  (NPDES) includes a program
     of required self-monitoring analyses of effluents and
     reporting of results at prescribed intervals.
     A.  The methodology to be followed in performing the
         self-monitoring tests and measurements is described
         in issuances in the Federal Register  (FR).
     B.  In some cases, two or more alternative procedures
         are available to the analyst for compliance with
         monitoring requirements.
     C.  Provisions do exist whereby the regulatory agencies
         (State and EPA) can recommend and permit use of
         methods not listed in the FR.  Procedures for
         orderly application of accepted methods are described
         in the FR issuance immediately following this narra-
         tive.  It cannot be too strongly emphasized that the
         Permit-holder does not have the authority to make a
         unilateral decision to introduce analytical proce-
         dures not found in the FR issuances, or not specifi-
         cally authorized by the appropriate regulatory
         authorities.

II.  Training Response to NPDES/FR Requirements
     A.  Methods taught in this and associated courses
         developed by EPA are limited to those most recently
         prescribed in issuances of the FR.
AT.BMP. 4 a. 6. 75                                             1-1

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    B.   Usually, when alternative methods are available/
        the course will include only one of the alterna-
        tives (for example, in fecal coliform testing,
        either the multiple fermentation tube method or
        the membrane filter method will be taught, but
        not both).  In planning the details of a specific
        course  offering, a training representative should
        in every case consult with responsible representa-
        tives of the regulatory agency in the area in which
        the course is conducted.  This consultation should
        include determination of:
        1.  Which, if any, of more than one alternative
            analytical method is preferred (or required)
            by the regulatory agency for the Permit-holders
            under its jurisdiction; and,
        2.  What, if any, changes have occurred since the
            last course offerings which require adjustment
            in course content.
        3.  What advice the regulatory agency has to offer
            on the planned course presentation, based on
            problems encountered in implementation of self-
            monitoring procedures, and in observations of
            performance of past graduates from previous
            offerings of the course.
    C.   The training institution which fails to apply
        these elementary practices, with a result of
        sometimes teaching inappropriate methods, stands
        in danger of committing a serious disservice to
        to those it purports to serve:
        1.  To the students enrolled in the course; and
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         2.   To the Permit-holding organization,  which is
             being led to believe that through this training
             the qualifying student will perform self moni-
             toring tests and measurements in accordance with
             methods approved by the regulatory authority.

III. Responsibilities in Accreditation of Students
     A.   Successful completion of this course of training
         will be a factor used by many regulatory agencies
         in the accreditation or certification of treatment
         plant personnel to perform self-monitoring tests
         and measurements.
     B.   The instructional staff has a responsibility to pro-
         vide a learning experience through which the
         qualifying student will have every expectation of
         being able to perform the required self-monitoring
         procedures in a satisfactory manner on return to
         his normal working environment.
     C.   Student Evaluation and Testing
         For permanent record of qualification and performance,
         a record of student performance should be made.
         1.   Tests (both written and applied) should be cri-
             terion tests,  i.e., designed to demonstrate
             ability of the student to perform the required
             analyses, as contrasted with test design to
             develop a comparative rating of the individual
             students.
         2.   Written tests should be strictly applied to the
             procedures being taught, and should be appropriate
             to a written answer.  Thus, definitions, matters
             of specific information, solving of problems,  and
             similar matters are appropriate to written tests.
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          Many students will take alarm at written tests,
          and may not perform up to expectations due to
          this alarm.  One means of alleviating this fear
          is to give open-book quizzes, but to expect a
          high standard of performance.  It is pointed out
          here that it is more important for the student
          to know where to refer for needed facts, and to
          check these facts, than it is to demonstrate rote
          memory.  The memory will come with practice of
          the test procedures, and the student should learn
          to check the facts when in doubt, rather than to
          risk a blunder.

          Much of the student evaluation will be based on
          performance in the laboratory.  It will be appro-
          priate to keep records on such factors in student
          performance as;
          a.  Accuracy in following directions as given;
          b.  Demonstration of acceptable manipulative
              skills;
          c.  Reporting of laboratory results falling within
              acceptable relationship to a class norm; and
              other factors as determined by the instructor.
          Each instructor is responsible for reporting the
          quality of performance of each student for the
          procedures for which he has primary responsibility.
          These reports should be written, and they should
          be made a part of the permanent course record.
          This course plan provides for having at least
          two instructors in the laboratory during all
          laboratory phases of the course.  At any given
1-4

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session, one instructor will be the desig-
nated primary instructor, with others in a
supporting role.  For example, the chemist
would be the primary instructor in the BOD
instruction, with assistance from the micro-
biologist and/or the engineer.  To make a
system of this work satisfactorily in evalua-
tion of students and to assure consistence in
student instruction, each member of the
instructional team has definite, if implied,
responsibilities.  These include:
a.  The primary instructor is the individual
    who reports on acceptability or non-
    acceptability of student performance.

b.  The instructor-assistant(s) must instruct
    students in the same way as designated by
    the primary instructor.  Introduction of
    individuality in manipulative procedures,
    order of proceeding with a test, etc., can
    only confuse the student.

c.  The instructor-assistant(s) should bring
    the problem-student to the attention of
    the primary instructor at the earliest
    possible moment.  This is to provide
    maximum opportunity to correct problems
    which might result in failure of the
    student to qualify in a given analytical
    procedure.
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              d.   Primary instructor and instructor-
                  assistants have, of course, a continuing
                  responsibility of preserving the highest
                  standards of professional and ethical
                  relationships with each other throughout
                  the course.  Differences of opinion will
                  arise among individuals of any instruc-
                  tional staff.  These differences must be
                  resolved outside the classroom and
                  laboratory.  Furthermore, these differences
                  are not subjects for airing with students
                  at any time.
      D.  The Nonqualifying Student
          1.  There is a job/financial implication to any
              student failing to qualify for any of the
              analytical tests and measurements included
              in this course.  Therefore instructors should
              be particularly careful to document the reasons
              for any nonqualification.
          2.  Any nonqualifying student should be entitled
              to be informed on the reasons why he is judged
              nonqualifying.
          3.  Ideally, an opportunity should be provided for
              nonqualifying students to have another chance
              to correct deficiencies in their performance.
              This could be accomplished through a number
              of different approaches, such as makeup work
              (evenings) during the course itself, through
              repeating the training module in which accept-
              able results were not achieved (at a mutually
1-6

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agreeable time for the student and for the
instructor), or by enrollment in a future
offering of the course, with participation
only in the module which was failed the first
time around.
                                        1-7

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                   TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973
                   WASHINGTON, D.C.
                   Volume 38 • Number 199

                   PART II
                   ENVIRONMENTAL
                       PROTECTION
                        AGENCY
                     WATER PROGRAMS


                   Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures
                       (or Analysis of Pollutants
No. 189—Pt. II	1

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28758
     RULES AND REGULATIONS
   Title 40—Protection of (Environment
     CHAPTER I—ENVIRONMENTAL
         PROTECTION AtiENCY
    SUBCHAPTER D—WATER PROGRAMS
PART 136—GUIDELINES ESTABLISHING
  TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALY-
  SIS OF POLLUTANTS
  Notice was  pubished  in  the FEDERAL
REGISTER issue of June  29,  1973 (38 PR
17318) at 40 CFR 130, that the Environ-
mental  Protection Agency  (EPA)  was
giving consideration  to  the testing pro-
cedures  required  pursuant to  section
304(g) of the Federal  Water Pollution
Control Act  Amendments  of  1972 (86
Stat. 816, et seq., Pub. L 92-500 (1972))
hereinafter referred to as the Act. These
considerations were given in the form  of
proposed  guidelines  establishing:  test
r/roccdures.
  Section 304 (g) of the Act requires that
the  Administrator  shall   promulgate
guidelines establishing  test procedures
for the analysis of pollutants  that shall
include factors which must be provided
in:  1, any certification pursuant to sec-
tion 401 of the Act, or 2, any permit ap-
plication pursuant to section 402 of the
Act  Such test procedures are to be used
bv permit applicants to demonstrate that
effluent discharges meet applicable pol-
lutant discharge limitations, and by the
States and other enforcement activities
in routine or random monitoring of ef-
fluents to verify  effectiveness of pollu-
tion control  measures.
  These guidelines require that discharge
measurements, including but not limited
to the pollutants and parameters listed
in Table I,  be  performed by the test
procedures indicated; or under certain
circumstances by other test procedures
for analysis that may  be more advan-
tageous  to  use,  when  such other test
procedures have the approval of the Re-
gional  Administrator   of  the  Region
where such  discharge  will occur,  and
when the Director of an approved State
National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System (NPDES)  Program  (here-
inafter referred  to as the Director) for
the State in which such discharge will
occur has no objection to such approval
  The list'of test procedures in Table I
is published herein as final rulemakmg
and represents major departures from
the list of proposed test procedures which
was published in 38 FR  17318, dated
June 29,1973 These revisions were made
after carefully considering all  written
comments which were received pertain-
ing to the proposed test procedures. All
written comments are on file and avail-
able for  public review with the Quality
Assurance Division,  Office  of Research
and Development, EPA, Washington, D.C.
  The principal revisions to the proposed
test procedures are as follows:
  1. Where  several reliable test  proce-
dures  for analysis are available from
the given references for a given pollutant
or parameter, each such test  procedure
has  been approved for  use for making
the  measurements required by sections
401 and  402 and  related sections of the
Act. Approved test procedures  have been
selected to assure an acceptable level or
intercomparability  of  pollutants  dis-
charge data. For several pollutants and
parameters it has still been necessary to
approve only a single test procedure to
assure this level of acceptability This is
a major departure from the proposed
test  procedures  which  would have re-
quired the  use of a single  reference
method for each pollutant or parameter.
  2.  Under certain circumstances a test
procedure not shown on the approved
list may  be considered  by  an applicant
to be more  advantageous to use  Under
guidelines in §§ 136.4 and 136.5 it may be
approved by the Regional Administrator
of the Region where the discharge will
occur, providing the Director has no ob-
jections. Inasmuch as there is no longer
a  single  approved  reference  method
against which a comparison can be made,
the  procedures for establishing  such
comparisons that were  required by the
proposed  test procedures in  § 130.4(b)
have been deleted from  this final guide-
line  for test procedures for the analysis
of pollutants.
  3.  A mechanism  is also provided to
assure national  uniformity of such ap-
provals of alternate test procedures for
the  analysis  of  pollutants.  This  is
achieved through a centralized, internal
review within the EPA of all applications
for the use of alternate testing proce-
dures  These will be  reviewed and ap-
proved or disapproved  on the basis of
submitted information and other avail-
able  information and  laboratory tests
which may  be required  by the Regional
Administrator.
  As deemed necessary,  the Administra-
tor will expand or revise  these guide-
lines to provide the most responsive and
appropriate list of test procedures to
meet the requirements of sections 304(g),
401 and 402 of the Act, as amended.
  These final guidelines establishing test
procedures for the analysis of pollutants
supersede the interim list of test proce-
dures published in the FEDERAL REGISTER
on April 19, 1973 (38 FR 9740) at 40 CFR
Part 126 and subsequent procedures pub-
lished on  July 24, 1973  (38 FR 19894)
at 40 CFR  Part 124.  Those regulations
established  interim test procedures for
the submlttal of applications under sec-
tion  402 of  the Act. Because of  the im-
portance  of these  guidelines  for test
procedures for the analysis of pollutants
to the National Pollution Discharge Elim-
ination System (NPDES), the Adminis-
trator finds good cause to declare that
these guidelines shall be effective Octo-
ber 16, 1973.
                   JOHN QUARLES,
               Acting Administrator.
  OCTOBER 3, 1973.
PART 136—TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE
      ANALYSIS OF POLLUTANTS
Sec
1361  Applicability.
136 2  Definitions.
1363  Identification of test procedures.
1364  Application for alternate test proce
       dures.
136 5  Approval of alternate test procedures.
  AUTHORITY-  Sec. 304(g) of Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1072
86 Stat. 816, et seq , Pub. L. 92-500).
§ 136.1  Applicability.

  The  procedures  prescribed  herein
shall, except as noted in § 136.5, be used
to perform the measurements indicated
whenever the waste constituent specified
is required to be measured for:
  (a) An application submitted to the
Administrator, or to a State having an
approved NPDES program, for a permit
under section 402 of the Federal Water
Pollution   Control  Act  as  amended
(FWPCA).and,
  (b) Reports required to be submitted
by   dischargers  under  the  NPDES
established by Parts 124 and 125 of this
chapter, and,
  (c) Certifications issued by States pur-
suant to section  401 of the FWPCA, as
amended.
§ 136.2  Definitions.
  As used in this part,  the term:
  (a) "Act"  means the Federal Water
Pollution  Control Act,  as amended. 33
US.C. 1314, et seq.
  (b) "Administrator"  means  the Ad-
ministrator of  the US  Environmental
Protection Agency.
  (c) "Regional  Administrator" means
one of the EPA Regional Administrators.
  (d) "Director" means the Director of
the  State  Agency  authorized to  carry
out an approved National Pollutant Dis-
charge  Elimination  System  Program
under section 402 of the Act.
  (e) "National  Pollutant  Discnar-—
Elimination  System (NPDES)" me
the national system for the issuance
permits under section 402 of the Act and
includes any State or interstate program
which has been approved by the Admin-
istrator, in whole or in part, pursuant to
section 402 of the Act.
  (f) "Standard Methods" means Stand-
ard  Methods for the  Examination of
Water and  Waste Water, 13th Edition,
1971. This publication  is available from
the American Public Health Association,
1015  18th St.  NW..  Washington, D.C.
20036
  (g) "ASTM"  means  Annual Book of
Standards, Part S3, Water, Atmospheric
Analysis, 1972. This publication is avail-
able  from  the   American  Society  for
Testing and Materials,  1916  Race St.,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.
  (h)  "EPA Methods"  means  Methods
for  Chemical Analysis  of  Water and
Wastes, 1971, Environmental Protection
Agency, Analytical Quality Control Lab-
oratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. This publica-
tion  is  available  from  the  Super-
intendent of Documents, U.S.  Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402 (Stock Number 5501-0067).
% 136.3  Identification  of  test proce-
     dures.
  Every  parameter or pollutant  for
which an effluent limitation Is now  spec-
ified pursuant to sections 401  and 402
of the Act is named together with test
descriptions and references in  Table I.
The discharge  parameter  values '
which reports are required must be
                              FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO.  199—TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973

-------
terml by one of the standard ana- gional Administrator or the Director In
lyticai u« *.««***»*
*^ imnisiraior or i *ircc tor upon cue recoiu*
of the State in which such discharge ... . «... - *.«_
will occur does not object to the use of mendation of the Director of the
such alternate 'test procedures. Methods Development and Quality As-
Under certain circumstances the Re- surance Research Laboratory.
TABLE I— Liar or APPROVED TEST PROCEDURES
References
Standard A8TM EPA
methods methods
General analytical methods-
1 Alkalinity as CaCO img Tftration cleclromMnc, manual or auto- p 370 	 p 143 	 p 6
CaCO'/liter mated method— methyl orange p 8
2 B O.D five day mg/llter. Modified wlnkleror probe method 	 p 489 	
3 Chemical oxygen de- Dichromate reflux 	 p. 495 	 p 219 	 p 17.
mand (COD) mg/
liter
4 Total solids mg/Uter .. Gravimetric 103-105° C 	 	 p 536. . . ... p 280
6. Total dissolved (ftlter- Glass floor nitration 1RO° C 	 p 275.
able) solids mg/Uter.
filterable) solids mg/
liter
7 Total volatile solids mg/ Gravimetric 550° C - - p .136 p 282
liter
liter tomated phenolate p 141
tl KJeldaiil nitrogen (as N) Digestion + distillation— nesilenzallon or p 469 	 p 149
mg/liter titration utomated digestion phenolate p 157
10. Nitrate (as N) mg/liter. Cadmium reduction, brucine sulfate au- p 458 	 p. 124 	 p 170
tlon p 185
mg/liter. (ascorbic acid), or manual digestion, p 532 	 	 	 p 246
and automated single reagent or stan- D 259
nous chloride
12. Acidity me CaCOi/btcr Electrometric end point or phenolpbthol- 	 	 	 p 148 	
rln end point
13. Total organic caibon Combustion— infrared method ' 	 	 p 257 	 p 702 	 p 221
(TOO mp/liter v v v
14. Hardness— total mg EDTA titration: automated colorlmetrlc p 179 	 p. 170 	 p 76
CaCOi/llter atomic absorption p 78
1.1 Nitrite (as N) mg/litcr. Manual or automated colorlmetrlc dlauti- 	 p. 185
tation. p 195.
Analytical methods for trace
metals
10. Aluminum— total ' mg/ Atomic absorption 	 p 210 	 p98.
liter.
liter
IS Arsenic— total mg/liter. Digestion plus silver dlethyldithiocarba- p 65 p. 13
mate, atomic absorption ' p 62 	
19 Barium-total > rag/liter Atomic absorption • 	 p 210 	
M Ueryllium— total ' mg/ Alummon, atomic absorption 	 p 67 	
liter p 210
21 Boron -total me/liter... Curcumln 	 p 60 	
22 Cadmium— total > mg/ Atomic absorption, colonmetrie 	 p 210 	 p 692 	 p 101
liter p 42?
23 Calcium-total ' rug/liter EDTA titration atomic absorption 	 p 84 	 p 692 	 p 102
24 Chromium VI mg/litcr. Extraction and atomic absorption, color!- p 429 p 94
metric
Parameter and units
25 Chromium— total' mg/
liter
28 Cobalt— total' mg/liter.
27 Copper— total ' rug/liter.
29 Lead total ' mg/Uter

liter.
31. Manganese— total ' mg/
liter
32 Mercury— total mg/liter.
33 Molybdenum— total '
me/liter
34 Nickel— total « me/liter.
35 Potassium — total * mg/
liter
36 Selenium— total mg/htcr.
37 Silver-total) 	
33 Sodium— total' mg/liter.
39 Thallium- total' mg/Uter
40 Tin— total 'mg/llter 	
41 Titanium— total mg/
liter
42 Vanadium — total ' mg/
liter
43 Zinc— total' mg/Uter...
Analytical methods for nu-
trients, anlons, and organlcs
44 Organic nitrogen (as N)
mg/llter
46 Ortho-phosphate (as P)
mg/Uter
46 Sulfate (as SO() mg/
liter
47 Sulftde (as S) me/liter..
48 Sulfite (as SOi) mg/
liter
49 Bromide mg/liter 	
50 Chloride mg/hter 	
51 Cyanide— total mg/hter.
52. Fluoride mg/Uter .. 	
53 Chlorine— total residual
mg/hter
54 Oil and grease mg/liter..
55 Phenols mg/llter 	
56 Surfactants ran/liter 	
58 Benzldme rap/liter 	
59 Chlorinated 01 game
compounds (except
pesticides) mg/llter
60 Pesticides mg/liter.. .
Analytical methods for
physical and biological
pat ameters
61 Color platinum-cobalt
units or dom Inant
v ave-length, hue,
luminance, purity
62 Specific conductance
raho'cm at 25° C
63. Turbidity Jackson
units
See Note at end of Table I
Method
Atomic absorption, colorlmetric 	
Atomic absorption, colonmetrie 	
do . .. 	
do

Atomic absorption 	
Atomic absorption • 	

Atomic absorption, colonmetrie, flame
photometric
Atomic absorption '..- 	
Flame photometric, atomic absorption 	
	 do 	
	 do 	
Atomic Absorption, Colonmetrie 	
KJeldahl nitrogen minus ammonia
nitrogen
Direct single reagent, automated single
reagent or stannous chloride
Gravimetric, turbidimetnc, automated
colonmetrie— banum chloramlate
Titnmetnc— iodine 	
	 do 	
Silver nitrate, mercuric nitrate, automated
colonmeiric-femcyanide
Distillation— silver nitrate titration or
pyndine pyrazolone colonmetrie
Distlllatlon-SPADNS 	
Liquid-Liquid extraction with trlchloro-
influoroethane
Colorlmetric, 4 AAP 	
Methylene blue colorlmetric 	


Gas chromatography * 	
Colorlmetric, speetrophotometric 	


Standard
methods
p. 210 	
p. 426

p. 210 	
p 430 	
p 210 	
p 433
p 210- . ..
p 436
p 210
p 416
p 201
p. 210 	

p 443. ..
p 283 	
p 285
p 210 	
p 317 	


p 210 	
p 444
P 468 	
p 632 ..
p 331 	
P 334 	
p 551 	

P 96 	
P 97 	
p 397 	
p 171 	
p 174
p 254...
p 802 	
p 339 	



. p 160 	

Turbldlmeter 	 	 	 p 390 	
References
ASTM
. p 692 	
p 403 	

. p 692 	
. p 410... 	
. p 692 	
p 152
. p 692 	

p 692 	

. p 692 	

. p. 692 	
: !>: KM:::::::


.. p 326.......


.. p 692 	
.. p 42 	
.. p 61 	
.. p 62 	
.. p 216 	
-- P 23 	
- P 21 	
.. p 556 	
.. p 191 	

.. p. 446 	
.. p. 619 	





.. p. 467 	

EPA
methods
p. 104.

p. 106.
p. 108.
p. 110
p. 112.
p. 114.


p 115.

p. 118.

p 120
p 149
p 235
p 246
p 259
p 286
p 288
p 294

p 29
p 31.
P 41
p 64.

p. 232.
p. 131.



p. 38.
p. 284.
p. 308.
                                                                                                                    m
                                                                                                                    O
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 199—TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973

-------
28760
                                                  RULES  AND REGULATIONS
    Parameter and units
                                     Method
                                                                     References
                                                          Standard
                                                          methods
                                                                     A8TM
                                                                               EPA
                                                                              methods
                        MPN, membrane filter; plate count	p 689.

                                                         p 69l"
                        MPN  Membrane filter	p 669.
                                                         P684.
                           .do..
                                                         p 664.
                                                         p 679.
   64  Fecal streptococci
       bacteria number/100
       ml
   66  Colitonn bacteria
       (local) number/100
       ml
   66  ColKorm bacteria
       (total) number/100
       ml
Radiological parameters
   67. Alpha—total pCi/llter.. Proportional counter, scintillation counter p 508	p 509	
   68  Alpha—counting error  	do	P 898	p 812	
       pCI/llter.
   69  Beta—total pCi/llter... Proportional counterf	P (98	p 478	
   70  Beta—counting error	do	 p 898	p 478	
       pCl/lltcr
   71  Radium—total pCl/    Proportional counter, scintillation counter,  p 611	p 074	
       liter                                               p 617	


  1 A number of such systems manufactured by various companies are considered to be C'mparable In their per-
formance In addition, another technique, based on Combustion-Methane Detection, is also icceptablo
  > For the determination of total metals the sample Is not Altered before processing; Choose a volume of sample
appropriate for the expected level of metals If much suspended material is present, as little as 60-100 ml of well-mixed
sample will most probably be sufficient (The sample volume required may also vary proportionally with the number
of metals to be determined )
  Transfer a representative aliquot of the well-mixed sample to a Gnffin beaker and add 3 ml of concentrated distilled
HNOi Place the beaker on a hotplate and evaporate to dryness making certain that the sample does not boil Cool
the beaker and add another 3 ml portion of distilled concentrated HNOi Cover the beaker with a watch gloss and
return to the hotplate Increase the temperature of the hotplate so that a gentle reflux action occurs Continue heating,
adding additional add as necessary until the digestion is complete, generally indicated by a light coloicd residue
Add (11 with distilled water) distilled concentrated HC1 in an amount sufficient to dissolve the residue upon warm-
Ing Wash down the beaker walls and the watch gloss with distilled water and niter the sample to remove silicates
and other insoluble material that could clog the atomizer  Adjust the volume to some predetermined value based
on the expected metal concentrations The sample Is now ready for analysis  Concentrations so determined shall be
reported as "total"
  'See D C Manning, "Technical Notes", Atomic Absorption Newsletter, Vol 10, No 6 p 123,1971  Available
from Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Main Avenue, Norwalk, Connecticut 06852
  < Atomic absorption method available from Methods Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratoiy,
National Environmental Research Center, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
  1 For updated method, see Journal of the American  Water Works Association 61, No 1, pp 20-25 (Jan 1972) or
ASTM Method D 3223-73, American Society for Testing and Materials Headqumlers, 1916  Race St, Philadelphia,
Pa 19103
  1 Interim procedures for algicides, chlorinated organic compounds, and pesticides can be obtained fiom the Methods
Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratory, National Environmental Research Center, USEPA,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
  ' Bentldlne may be estimated by the method of M A EI-Dib, "Colorlmetnc Determination of Aniline Derivatives
In Natural Waters", El-Dlb, M A , Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Vol 64, No 6, Nov ,
1971, pp 1383-1387
  fAs a prescrcening measurement
§ 136.4   Application  for  alternate  test
     procedures.
   (a)  Any person may apply to the Re-
gional   Administrator  in  the  Region
where the discharge occurs for approval
of an  alternative test procedure.
   (b)  When the discharge for which an
alternative  test  procedure is  proposed
occurs  within a State having  a permit
program approved  pursuant to  section
402 of the Act,  the applicant shall sub-
mit his  application to the Regional Ad-
ministrator through the Director of  the
State  agency having responsibility  for
issuance of NPDES permits within such
State.
   (c) Unless and until  printed applica-
tion forms are made available, an appli-
                                            cation  for an  alternate  test  procedure
                                            may be made by letter in triplicate. Any
                                            application for  an alternate test proce-
                                            dure  under  this subchapter shall:
                                               (1) Provide the name and address of
                                            the responsible person or firm making
                                            the discharge (if not the applicant) and
                                            the applicable ID number of the existing
                                            or pending permit, issuing agency, and
                                            type  of permit  for which the alternate
                                            test procedure is requested, and the dis-
                                            charge  serial number.
                                               (2) Identify the pollutant or parame-
                                            ter for which approval of an alternate
                                            testing  procedure is being requested.
                                               (3)   Provide  justification  for  using
                                            testing   procedures  other  than  those
                                            specified in Table I.
   (4)  Provide a detailed description of
the  proposed alternate test procedu-~
together with  references  to  publisl
studies of the applicability of the altt.
nate test procedure to the effluents in
question.

§ 136.5   Approval of alternate lest  pro-
     cedures.
   (a)  The  Regional Administrator  of
the  region in which the discharge will
occur  has final  responsibility  for  ap-
proval of any alternate test procedure.
   (b)  Within thirty days  of  receipt of
an application, the Director will forward
such application, together  with his  rec-
ommendations,  to the Regional Admin-
istrator. Where the Director recommends
rejection of  the  application  for  scien-
tific and technical reasons which he pro-
vides,  the Regional Administrator shall
deny the application, and shall forward
a  copy of the rejected  application  and
his decision to the Director of the State
Permit Program and to the Director of
the  Methods  Development and Quality
Assurance  Research Laboratory
   (c)  Before  approving any application
for an alternate test procedure, the Re-
gional Administrator   shall  forward a
copy of  the application to the  Director
of the Methods Development and Qual-
ity Assurance Laboratory for review and
recommendation
   (d)  Within ninety  days  of  receipt by
the. Regional Administrator of an appli-
cation for an alternate test procedure,
the Regional  Administrator shall  notify
the applicant and the appropriate State
agency of approval or rejection, or sl>
specify the additional information wh
is required to determine whether  to  ap-
prove the proposed test procedure Prior
to the expiration of such ninety day pe-
riod, a  recommendation providing  the
scientific and other technical  basis for
acceptance or rejection  will be forwarded
to the Regional Administrator by the Di-
rector of the Metho* Development and
Quality  Assurance Research Laboratory.
A copy  of  all  approval and  rejection
notifications  will be  forwarded to  the
Director,  Methods  Development  and
Quality Assurance Research Laboratory,
for the purposes of national coordination.
  [PR Doc 73-21466 Filed 10-16-73:8 45 am]
                                  FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO.  199—TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973

-------
                 ANNOUNCING THE COURSE
Course Availability
    Course availability is most likely to be established
through one of two mechanisms:

1.  Management or regulatory authority determines that
    training is required, makes arrangements for course
    presentation, and instructs designated personnel to
    appear at a specified time and place for training; or,
2.  The course may be planned by a training organization,
    which schedules and publicly announces the course
    either as a special offering or as an element of an
    overall curriculum of training.

Responsibility for Course Announcement
    All training organizations should establish and main-
tain mailing lists of officials, organizations, and
interested individuals to whom training announcements
should be addressed.
    Course announcements should be released by the training
organization and/or the sponsoring agency (if applicable).
    When a special course offering is planned at the request
of management or regulatory authority, with identified
class participants, it usually is best for the requesting
authority to make the announcement.

How Announced
1.  Training bulletins, or catalogues are widely used by
    established training organization, and should be used
AT.EMP.5.9.74                                         2-1

-------
    for announcement of this course when offered as part
    of an ongoing curriculum of courses.

2.  Special fliers, or brochures, should be developed for
    public announcement through established mailing lists.
    These releases may be used for regular offerings of
    an ongoing curriculum of courses; but they are particu-
    larly applicable when a special offering of the course
    is planned.

3.  The course may be announced in a journal, newsletter,
    or other periodical widely read by the personnel for
    whom the training is intended.

4.  The course may be announced by personal letter or
    other direct communication with a student assigned to
    take the training.

When Announced
    Training catalogues or bulletins usually are for a
period of one year or more.  Accordingly, the prospective
student should have from three months to one year of
advance notice of the training.

    When the course is a special offering, announced
through a flier or other special mechanism, at least 90
days should be provided between release of the announcement
and the start of the course.  There are at least two reasons
for this:

1.  Permits course applicants to secure necessary approvals
    for attendance, to make personal scheduling arrangements;
    and,
2-2

-------
2.  Provides course presentation staff with lead time for
    course preparations, acquiring special instructional
    materials, preparation of laboratory supplies and
    equipment, and related tasks.

Information Provided in Course Announcement
    The following list should be helpful as a checklist to
those preparing a course announcement.  Samples of an
announcement for this course as it might appear in a special
flier, and as it might appear in a catalogue of courses,
are shown in the section of this Guide titled SECRETARIAL
PREPARATIONS.

    In the event that the course is announced in a periodi-
cal, the editor may apply constraints on style and format
which make it impossible to provide all the pertinent infor-
mation on the course.  In such cases the announcement must
provide the name and address of an office from which further
information can be obtained.  The information to be provided
should be as complete as that given in a course flier or
catalogue and, naturally, should include any additional
special information specifically requested.

    The following identification of contents of a course
announcement will be helpful as a checklist to those pre-
paring an original course announcement:

1.  Course title
2.  Dates and location
3.  Name of organization conducting the course (and name
    of co-sponsor, if applicable)
4.  Description of intended student body
5.  Reason why this training is needed
                                                     2-3

-------
 6.   Identification of knowledge and skills the participant
     will have on satisfactory completion of training.
 7.   Description of the training environment to be used
     (classroom, laboratory, field, in-plant, etc.)
 8.   Prerequisites for attendance  (identification of special
     knowledge and skills, or completion of other training,
     which the applicant must have for admission to this
     course)
 9.   Tuition (if applicable)
10.   How and where to apply for admission to this course
 2-4

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                                    SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES; BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS


                                                          Summary Plan for Course
Monday
Activity
Registration
Course Coordinator

Course Objectives
and Organization
Course Coordinator

Permit Requirements
Engineer

BOD5
Chemist

Time
Hours
1/4
1/4
1/2
5-3/4
NOTES :
1. Program time only is showr
for lunch and breaks.
2. Leading instructor only is
will provide support to IE
laboratory instruction.
Tuesday
Activity
Use of the DO Probe
Chemist

PH
Chemist

Fecal Coliform
Microbiologist


Time
Hours
2
L-l/2
4-1/2

Wednesday
Activity
Evaluation of
Student
Performance
Engineer

Flow Measurements
Parshall Flume
Weir
Engineer

Residual Chlorine
Chemist

Fecal Coliform
(Continued)
Microbiologist

Time
Hours
3/4
3-1/4
2
1-1/2
i. Additional time required
> designated. Other instructors
iading instructors for all
Thursday
Activity
Evaluation of
Student
Performance
Engineer

Suspended Solids
Chemist

Bacteriological
Sampling
Microbiologist

General Principles
of Sewage Sampling
Engineer

Fecal Coliform
(Continued)
Microbiologist

Time
Hours
3/4
4-1/4
1/2
1
1-1/4

Friday
Activity
Evaluation of
Student
Performance
Engineer

Fecal Coliform
Geometric Mean
Microbiologist

BOD 5 (Continued)
Chemist

Suspended Solids
(Continued)
Chemist

Reporting
Monitoring Data
Engineer
Course Closing
Exercises
All Staff

Time
Hours
3/4
2
3/4
1/4
2
1/4
(U
•

ov

-------
                                                       (Sample Schedule)
                      SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES -
           BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS (164.IT)
                              (Location)
                                (Dates)
Course Coordinator:
DAY & TIME
Monday
8:30 -
8:45 -
9:15 -
9:30 -
9:45 -

8:45
9:15
9:30
9:45
4:30
SUBJECT

Registration
Course Objectives &
Permit Requirements
Break
5-Day BOD Test



Organization



INSTRUCTOR

Course Coordinator
Course Coordinator
Engineer

Chemist
Tuesday
 8:30 -  9:15
 9:15 -  9:30
 9:30 - 11:00
11:00 - 12:00
12:00 -  1:00
 1:00 -  4:30

Wednesday
 8:30 -  9:15

 9:15 -  9:30
 9:30 - 12:30
12:30 -
1:30 -
2:30 -
4:00 -
1:30
2:30
4:00
5:00
                 (Break & Lunch at time
                 designated by instructor)
Evaluation of Monday's Performance
    Break
PH
Fecal Coliform
Lunch
Fecal Coliform (Continued)
Evaluation of Tuesday's
Performance
    Break
Flow Measurements
  Parshall Flume
  Weir
Lunch
Flow Measurements (Continued
Residual Chlorine
Fecal Coliform (Continued)
Engineer

Chemist
Microbiologist

Microbiologist


Engineer - Staff


Engineer
                                                      Engineer
                                                      Chemist
                                                      Microbiologist
*NOTE:  For actual course presentation, insert the name of the
 instructor instead of the technical specialty, as shown.
AT.BMP.(164.1)2.9.74
                                                4-1

-------
                             Agenda
DAY & TIME
Thursday
8:30 -
9:15 -
9:30 -
12:00 -
12:45 -
2:45 -
4:00 -
Friday
8:30 -
9:15 -
9:30 -
11:30 -
12:30 -
1:30 -
1:45 -
2:30 -

9:15
9:30
12:00
12:45
2:45
4:00
5:00

9:15
9:30
11:30
12:30
1:30
1:45
2:30
2:45
SUBJECT

Evaluation of Wednesday's
Performance
Break
Suspended Solids
Lunch
Suspended Solids (Continued)
Fecal Coliform (Continued)
General Principles of
Sewage Sampling

Evaluation of Thursday's
Performance
Break
Fecal Coliform: Geometric Mean
5-Day BOD Test (Concluded)
Lunch
Suspended Solids (Concluded)
Reporting Self -Monitor ing Data
Course Closing Exercises
INSTRUCTOR

Engineer -

Chemist

Chemist


Staff




Microbiologist
Engineer

Engineer -



Staff

Microbiologist
Chemist

Chemist
Engineer
All Staff





4-2

-------
                 Course Milestones (164.1)
The following pages list individual responsibilities in a chrono-
logical order for preparations for this course.

Due to the fact that some of the test procedures may be omitted
from the course programming, as, for instance, the presentation
of the MPN bacteriological procedure without mention of the MF
procedure, it is necessary to be aware of the agenda topics prior
to use of these suggested milestone time periods.

Once the EMP's to be used are known it is only necessary to know
the reference numbers which the responsible individual will use
and the tables can be followed referring to these numbers.  (See
page 2 for the reference number matching with each EMP.)

It will be obvious that some individual job titles will be non-
existent for a particular training facility and an individual may
have multiple responsibilities when referring to this listing.
Also, as shown on page 2, individuals with certain professional
backgrounds are given primary responsibility for certain tests,
as, for instance, a chemist for the BOD5 test procedure.  This,
again, may not be the case for the staff personnel at the training
facility.
AT.EMP(164.1)10.11.74                                     5-1

-------
          Code
       Description
 Title
     CH.O.bod.EMP.la.8.74
     CH.O.EMP.1.8.74
     CH.O.do.EMP.1.8.74
     CH.pH.EMP.1.4.74
     W.BA.sa.EMP.1.6.74
     W.BA.EMP.2.4.74
     ST.EMP.1.4.74
     EN.FM.BMP.2.4.74
     EN.FM.BMP.1.4.74
     CH.A.CL.EMP.1.4.74
     CH.SOL.SUS.EMP.1.9.74
     W.BA.3.11.74
Determination of Five-Day Bio-
chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD,-)

Winkler Determination of Dis-
solved Oxygen Azide Modification
Chemist
Chemist
Determination of Dissolved Oxygen Chemist
Oxygen using a Dissolved Oxygen
Meter
pH Determination of Wastewater
and Wastewater Treatment Plant
Effluent

Collection and Handling of Bac-
teriological Samples from a
Wastewater Treatment Facility

Fecal Coliform Test by the
Multiple Dilution Tube Method

Calculation of the Geometric
Mean of Coliform Counts by the
use of Logarithms

Measurement of Flow in an Open
Channel by Parshall Flume

Measurement of Flow in an Open
Channel by Sharp-Crested Weir

Amperometric Determination of
Free and Combined Residual
Chlorine in Wastewater
Chemist



Microbiologist



Microbiologist


Engineer



Engineer


Engineer


Chemist
Determination of Total Suspended  Chemist
(Non-Filterable) Solids mg/liter
Fecal Coliform Test by the
Membrane Filter Method
Microbiologist
5-2

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  Outline No.
and Remarks
5 to 6 Months before Course
Determination of the need and
decision to have course.
Designation of Course Director
and Course Secretary.
Development and release of
Course Announcement including
location, date, general state-
ment of course content and
training objectives.
Course Registrations received
ar*x accepted from time of
uncement to first day of
c^-rse, subject to class size
limitations.
3 Months before Course
Review equipment and supplies
list for items which may be
purchased or borrowed.
Commit all staff personnel who
will participate in course.

Inventory stock of course
manual.


2 Months before Course
Request equipment and supplies
from lending organizations
(flow-measurement models,
audiovisual training aids,
audiovisual support equipment,
etc.)



X

X














X



















X




X




X


X


X




X











X




X




X


X







X





















X


X







X





















X


X







X





















X


X







X
















Director reviews
application form and
forwards to secre-
tary for appropriate
action.

Professional staff
initiates requests
through director.
First assignment
will be equipment
and supplies review.
Supplies should be
adequate for each
trainee and staff
member.

Professional staff
initiates requests
through director.
Should be received
at least one week
before course and
checked when
received.
        5-3

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3 Weeks before Course
Prepare Glassware:
Microbiology tubes and gas
vials (cleaned, rinsed and
dried) .
Bottles, dilution (clean,
rinse and dry) . Fill with
buffered distilled water and
sterilize.
Bottles, sample (clean,
rinse and dry... then steri-
lize.
Pipets (clean, rinse and dry
...then sterilize)
Non-sterile
Pipets, volumetric (clean and
dry)
BOD bottles (clean and dry)
Bottles, 1 liter (clean,
rinse and dry)
Bottle, glass stoppered
(clean, rinse and dry)
Cylinders, graduated (clean,
rinse and dry)
Buret (clean, rinse and dry)
Flask, Erlenmeyer (clean,
rinse and dry)
Beakers (clean, rinse and
dry)






















































































































X


X



X


X






























X
X

X
X

X

X

X
X

X



6


6



6, 12


6, 12

2, 10
1

1, 2, 3
2

2, 3

2, 3

2
3

4

5-4

-------
Outline No.
and Remarks
3 Weeks before Course
Capital Equipment Operational
Check:
Balance, trip and analytical
Still, distilled water
Oven, sterilizing or drying
temperature ranges
Incubator, chemical testing
or microbiological analysis
Refrigerator
DO meter
pH meter
Autoclave sterilizing
Amperometric titrator
Microscope, stereoscope
Vacuum source
Filtration unit (MF)
2 Weeks before Course
Inventory availability of
all reusable and consumable
materials and equipment.























































X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X

X

1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12
Operate to use
product in chemistry
and microbiology
operations.
2, 6, 11, 12
1, 6, 12
2, 5, 12
3
4, 6, 12
6, 12
10
12
11, 12
12, wrap and steri-
lize.
All EMP's.
 5-5

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1 Week before Course

Reagent and Media Preparation:

  Phosphate buffer solution

  Magnesium sulfate solution

  Calcium chlorine solution

  Ferric chloride solution

  Manganous sulfate solution

  Alkaline iodine azide solution

  Starch solution

  Sodium thiosulfate stock
  solution

  Sodium thiosulfate standard
  titrant

  Potassium biiodate standard

  Electrolyte solution

  Sodium hydroxide solution

  Lactose Lauryl sulfate tryptose
  broth

  EC broth


  Disinfectant solution




























,











































X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X



1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
6
6
6
   tube and steri-
   lize.

   tube and steri-
   lize.

6,  12; place in
   bottles for lab
   use.
  5-6

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3 to 1 Day before Course
Course Material
Course Manual
Handout material, if any.



Registration cards
Classroom Inspection and
Preparation
Seating arrangements
Equipment
PA System
Blackboards, flip charts,
etc.
Projection equipment
(operation, backup unit,
and extra bulbs)
Electrical System
(lighting, dimmer circuits,
recepticles . etc . )























X
X



X


X

X
X

X


X




X
X



X


X













X




















X




















X




















Can be given by
individual
instructors if
desired.














5-7

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                                                          <     Outline No. and
3 to 1 Day before Course (cont'd)
Capital Equipment
Still


Oven

Incubator




Refrigerator

Meters, pH; DO; Amperometric
Laboratory
Assemble all reagents, media,
supplies, etc.



































X



































X


X


X

X




X

X


X


X


X

X




X

X


X


Operate and obtain
adequate amount for
course.
Operate and check
for proper range.
Operate and cali-
brate. . . .preferable
to operate at le»-<*t
two days to rea
equilibrium.
Turn on or observe
temperature .
Calibrate



5-8

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    No.  and
4th Day of Course
Review trainee list as to those
eligible to receive end-of-
course certificate. Complete
certificates as to contents
and signatures.
Pass out critique sheets to
trainees for overnight
consideration .
5th Day of Course
Collect critique sheets
Pass out course certificates
Classroom and laboratory
cleanup.

X









X



X




X



X
X



X










X


X










X


X










X


X










X















5-9

-------
Part I.  Course Management

           —B.  Training Resources

Resources for presentation of this course are discussed
under four headings:
    1.  Training Staff
    2.  Facilities
    3.  Equipment and Supplies
    4.  Instructional Materials
Staffing plans, equipment, supplies, and facilities
described in this Guide are based on a class of 18 students.
For at least the first several  (3 or 4) course offerings,
it is urged that this maximum number of students per class
be strictly adhered to.
A staff experienced in presentation of this course may be
able to increase class size to, say, 24 students.  On no
account should this laboratory-oriented course exceed 24
students with an instructional class of the size described
here.  Large numbers of students per instructor simply
cannot be provided with the individual attention and instruc-
tion required for effective training and assurance that they
have indeed learned to perform the analyses which are the
subject of this course.
If the number of workers requiring this course is quite
large, the best course of action is to meet the training
need through providing a greater number of course offerings.
The required instructional resources, shown in outline 9,
are consolidated from the individual instructional units
shown in Part II.  Training administrators should coordinate
requests for instructional resources to be acquired, through
loan or through purchase, from other sources.  This outline
provides a basis for such coordination.


-AT.BMP. (164.1)3.9.74

-------
                         TRAINING STAFF
I.  General Comments
   Each member of the training staff for this, as for any short
   course, is a member of a team.   This team can function
   effectively only through each member's understanding of the
   training goals to be met, the plans for meeting these goals,
   through performance of his/her own duties, and through pro-
   viding mutually supportive activity with other team members
   for the effective conduct of the course as a whole.

   Each member of the instructional team should—
   A.   Have thorough knowledge of the subject matter for
       which he/she has responsibility, including a high
       order of technical skill in any procedures to be
       carried out;

   B.   Be able to perform effectively as an instructor, both
       in the classroom and in the laboratory.  This includes
       ability to make rapid adjustments in the style and
       technical level of instruction in order to work with
       students having a varied range of entry-level knowledge,
       skills, and prior education; and

   C.   Be willing to accept a certain rigidity in the choice
       of analytical procedures to be taught, in accordance
       with policies and formal directives of the applicable
       regulatory authority (ies).  The basis for, and recom-
       mended procedures to be followed, in introducing varia-
       tions in methods to be taught in tests and measurements
       of municipal effluents is discussed elsewhere in this
       Guide.

   AT.EMP(164.1)4.9.74                                  6-1

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II.   Staff and Estimated Time Allocations
     Each member of the training staff has specific duties
     before, during, and after the scheduled course dates.
     For planning purposes, it is assumed that pre-course
     activity will begin two months or more, as required,
     before classroom instruction begins.  During this period,
     the estimated time allocations will permit the phasing-in
     of work activity for this course with other duties of all
     personnel.  During the course, all instructional staff
     and laboratory assistant (if used) are fully occupied,
     and should not be given any other duty assignments.  Post-
     course activities should be completed within one or two
     weeks after the last day of instruction.  In the post-
     course period, all staff may begin to phase in other
     duties pending final completion of all details associated
     with this training effort.
     Staff Identification                       Working Days
                                                 (estimate)

                                                  Q)  tn
                                                  M  C  M
                                                  O  -H  
-------
      Laboratory Support
      F.   Laboratory Assistant (1)                   10   5   5
          (optional)
      (NOTE:   Distribution of time between instructional days
      and coordination days is attributed here to the engineer;
      it could be any of the staff.)

III.   Duties  and Responsibilities of Staff
      A.   Course Coordinator
          This individual may be known variously as Course
          Director, Course Leader,  or by some other term suit-
          able to the situation.   In most cases the Course
          Coordinator will function in a dual capacity as one
          of  the instructional staff for the course.  In principle
          any one of the instructors could function as Course Co-
          ordinator.  In the absence of other factors, it may be
          best to have the individual who bears the lightest
          teaching load to act as Course Coordinator.  Ordinarily,
          the instructor designated as Engineer will have the
          lightest teaching load.

          1.   Before the course,  the Coordinator receives
              assignment from management to lead the course,
              after which he/she
              a) Obtains commitment of the other members of the
                 training team for the course, including secre-
                 tary, instructors, and (if used) laboratory
                 assistant;
              b) Determines the composition and geographic
                 origin of the student body to be trained;
              c) Develops a working schedule and specific staff
                 assignments for all significant milestone
                 stages of course preparation and implementation;
                                                            6-3

-------
             d)  Meets  with course staff,  distributes instruc-
                tional guides  and related training materials,
                and reviews the preparation plans and day-to-
                day working schedule;  assigns specific topics
                and time allocation for which each instructor
                has instructional responsibility and for which
                each instructor serves as assistant to prime
                instructor.
             e)  Identifies which, if any, available options in
                procedures should be taught for compliance with
                directives of  the governing regulatory authority
                (-ies);
             f)  Prepares announcement of  the course, and dis-
                tributes it as appropriate to the potential
                student body;
             g)  Reviews classroom and laboratory facilities,
                making arrangements for any required repairs
                or adaptations;
             h)  In consultation with instructors reviews avail-
                ability and condition of  all equipment, supplies,
                and other training resources required for the
                courses, and makes timely arrangements for
                repair and maintenance, reorder, or borrowing
                of needed items;
                Arranges for supplies of  student reference texts
                and associated training materials;
             i)  Works  with secretary in registration of students
                and in all pre-course communications on
                schedules, local housing  and transportation,
                and other pertinent matters;
             j)  If the course  is to be conducted in a "field"
                location, coordinates timely arrangements for
                staff  travel,  transportation of equipment and
6-4

-------
   supplies, arrangements for training facilities,
   local housing and transportation, determination
   of availability and location of dining facili-
   ties, and any other preparations required for
   course conduct away from normal base location;
k) Initiates periodic and timely checks with
   other training team members to assure that
   their pre-course preparations are on schedule
   and that preparation of required resources is
   moving ahead according to plan.  Takes action
   as necessary to identify problems and to
   expedite solutions as the need arises;
1) Represents the training team in all formal com-
   munications with management, host organiza-
   tions, students, and with commercial or private
   sources of equipment and supplies.

During the course, the Course Coordinator--
a) Is in charge of course opening exercises,
   including student registration, welcome and
   staff introductions.  Presents and discusses
   course objectives;
b) Maintains general supervision of course,
   assuring that all activities are kept on
   schedule; maintains liaison between staff
   members and other interfacing organizations/
   individuals as necessary;
c) Maintains consolidated summary record of stu-
   dent performance based on information provided
   by other instructors; with staff determines
   which students should/should not be recorded
   as having satisfactorily met training objec-
   tives ;
                                            6-5

-------
         d)  Provides Course Secretary with timely  informa-
             tion necessary for preparation of course cer-
             tificates; signs  course certificates as repre-
             sentative of  the  course training staff;
         e)  Presides over course  closing activities,
             including award of certificates.

      3.  After  the  course, the Course Coordinator—
         a)  Reviews and evaluates with  the instructional
             staff  all matters considered pertinent to  the
             effective implementation of the course as
             planned, developing proposals and plans for
             adjustments as necessary for future offerings
             of the course;
         b)  Orders repair, renovation,  and replacement of
             any equipment or  supplies such attention;
             Coordinates return of any borrowed resources
             used in the course;
         c)  If course was conducted in  the field,  co-
             ordinates repacking and return shipment of
             all equipment and supplies;
         d)  Drafts course summary/evaluation report;
         e)  Prepares and  forwards any reports required by
             other  supervising, coordinating, or financing
             authority.

B.   Course  Secretary
     The Course  Secretary works under the direct supervision
     of the  Course Coordinator, and prepares or arranges
     preparation of  all formal  communications, procurement
     documents,  training materials, and records required for
6-6

-------
course preparation and implementation.  The Course
Secretary also provides office support work for the
course instructional staff in all matters pertaining
to course preparation and implementation.

1.  Before the course, the Course Secretary—
    a)  Works with the Course Coordinator in identifi-
        cation and preparation of copies of all per-
        tinent course materials for use in planning
        conferences between Course Coordinator and the
        instructional staff, including instructors'
        copies of working schedules for course prepara-
        tion, course agenda from preliminary to final
        draft, staff assignments, instructor lesson
        guides, all student instructional materials
        and associated data sheets, student evaluation
        sheets, quizzes, and any other typed or printed
        material projected for course use.
    b)  After Course Coordinator's conference with
        instructional staff, and resolution of decision
        making issues, arranges for printing (or repro-
        duction) and assembly of all materials indicated
        under  (1) above;  in a quantity adequate for
        projected course requirements;
    c)  Projected course announcement as directed by
        Course Coordinator, arranges for printing or
        reproduction, and distribution as specified;
    d)  Serves as Registrar, maintaining roster and
        records of students submitting application and
        accepted for admission to the course, prepares
        routine response to students announcing
        acceptance with information as appropriate on
                                                    6-7

-------
             course dates and schedule,  local "geography"
             including key addresses,  hotel/motel/dining
             information, local transportation information,
             and any other information which will simplify
             personal planning of registered students;
         e)   Prepares, or arranges for,  all individual
             student supplies, including registration cards,
             course manuals,  note paper, pencils, name  tags
             (1 for wearing and 1 for  use at classroom
             seating position), course certificates,  etc.;
         f)   Prepares orders  or procurement requests  for
             equipment and supplies needed for the course
             based on specifications provided by the
             instructional staff;
         g)   If the course is a "field"  presentation, makes
             arrangements for shipment of equipment and
             supplies to course site and return, staff
             travel schedules and order of tickets, hotel
             reservations, and associated functions;
         h)   Prepares classroom for use in the course,
             including distribution of individual student
             materials to seating positions, arrangements
             for classroom organization of audiovisual pro-
             jection or playback equipment, chalkboards and
             associated supplies, and other classroom needs.
             (Ordinarily, the Course Secretary does not
             travel to a "field" presentation; this function
             will have to be  provided through special
             arrangements with the host organization  at the
             course site.)
6-8

-------
2.  During the course, the Course Secretary functions as
    an "unofficial staff hostess," and
    a)  Attends course opening exercises, assisting
        students in completion of registration cards
        and associated records;
    b)  Prepares course summary registration informa-
        tion, prepares class roster on first day of
        course and distributes copies to students and
        instructors, keeping copies for future records;
    c)  Provides clerical/secretarial support to Course
        Coordinator and instructional staff as required;
    d)  Receives incoming mail and messages for staff
        and students, expediting communications to
        extent practical and feasible;
    e)  Prepares course certificates as specified by
        course coordinator on last day of course;
    f)  Inspects classroom daily, making arrangements
        as necessary for coordination of deficiencies
        in janitorial services, and personally corrects
        minor deficiencies to extent feasible;
    g)  Attends and participates in course closing
        exercises.

3.  After the course, the Course Secretary—
    a)  Prepares typed copy of all reports drafted by
        the Course Coordinator, and forwards reports
        as indicated;
    b)  Places purchase orders or procurement requests
        for repair, renovation, or replacement of
        equipment and supplies as directed by Course
        Director;
                                                   6-9

-------
        c)   Removes all course supplies from the classroom;
            returns borrowed resources; leaves classroom
            in condition suitable for use by following
            class (this does not imply janitorial services!);
        d)   If course is conducted on repetitive basis,
            inventories all consumable classroom supplies,
            including data sheets, worksheets, quizzes,
            course schedules, and the like, and reorders or
            provides for reproduction of any items coming
            into short supply.

C.  Instructor (Chemistry, Engineering, Microbiology)
    1.  Before the course, each instructor receives course
        duty assignment from management, and—
        a)   Meets with Course Coordinator for discussions
            of course plans, objectives, and for development
            of day-to-day course preparation schedule;
        b)   In conference with Course Coordinator determines
            which of any options in tests and measurements
            will be taught, determines lesson guides to be
            followed and student reference materials to be
            used, and resolves any other problems on instruc-
            tional materials, their content, and related
            matters which should be determined beforehand;
        c)   Reviews requirements for equipment, supplies,
            audiovisual training aids, and other training
            resources to be used in individual instructional
            assignments.  Performs equipment upkeep and
            maintenance procedures, prepares supplies and
            reagents required to be available for student
            use, Provides Course Coordinator with timely,
 6-10

-------
    detailed information on specifications for all
    equipment, supplies, and other training resources
    which must be purchased, rented, or borrowed for
    the course;
d)  If the course is to be conducted in a "field"
    location, packs equipment and supplies for ship-
    ment so that they will arrive at destination in
    good condition; identifies to the Course Coordi-
    nator the equipment and supplies which should
    not or cannot be shipped which should be pro-
    vided otherwise at the course site;
e)  Rehearses all classroom and laboratory instruc-
    tional presentations to the extent necessary to
    assure effective performance within the scheduled
    time allocation;
f)  Reviews and practices all tests and measurements
    for which he/she has responsibility as leading
    instructor to assure personal proficiency and
    adequacy of pre-course plans and preparations;
    supervises pre-course practice of other instructors
    who will serve as assistant instructors for
    specified procedures;
g)  Serves as assistant instructor for specified
    tests and measurements, developing personal
    proficiency through pre-course practice under
    supervision of the applicable leading instructor,
    and teaches the tests and measurements in accord-
    ance with techniques specified by the leading
    instructor; and
h)  Reports periodically as requested to the Course
    Coordinator on status of course preparations,
    and cooperates in working out timely procedures
    for their solution.

                                                6-11

-------
     During the course,  the instructor designated
     "chemist" -
     a)   Attends and participates in course opening
         exercises;
     b)   Serves as leading instructor for the following
         tests and measurements:  BOD^, pH, residual
         chlorine, and suspended solids.  In this capacity
         the chemist is  responsible for all classroom
         instruction on  the designated subjects,  leader-
         ship of all laboratory instruction, collection
         of (or arrangements for) samples for laboratory
         examination by  class,  student performance
         evaluation and  associated records for submission
         to Course Coordinator, and student counseling on
         pertinent matters related to area of personal
         responsibility;
     c)   Attends and participates in all classroom
         start-of-day evaluation sessions on previous
         day's student performance;
     d)   Assists leading instructor in laboratory instruc-
         tion phases of  fecal coliform test and flow
         measurements, including preparation and
         organization;
     e)   Attends and participates in course closing
         exercises
     During the course,  the instructor designated
     "engineer" -
     a)   Usually functions also as Course Coordinator
         (see duties described separately);
     b)   Attends and participates in course opening
         exercises;
     c)   Serves as leading instructor for the following
         instructional elements in the course:
6-12

-------
    permit requirements/ flow measurement, sample
    collection, and the reporting of monitoring
    data;
d)  Presides at classroom review and evaluations at
    start of each day's program;
e)  Assists other instructional staff wherever
    possible, particularly in laboratory instructions,
    in sample collections for class use and in prepara-
    tion for changes from laboratory function to
    another;
f)  Attends and participates in course closing
    exercises.
During the course, the instructor designated
"microbiologist" -
a)  Attends and participates in course opening
    exercises;
b)  Serves as leading instructor for the following
    subjects:  bacteriological sampling, fecal
    coliform tests, fecal coliform geometric mean
    determination.  In this capacity the microbiologist
    is responsible for all classroom instruction on
    the designated subjects, leadership of all labora-
    tory instruction, collection of (or arrangements
    for) samples for laboratory examination by class;
    student performance evaluation and associated
    reports for submission to Course Coordinator,
    and student counseling on pertinent matters
    related to area of personal responsibility;
c)  Attends and participates in all classroom
    start-of-day evaluation sessions on previous
    day's student performance;
                                               6-13

-------
        d)  Assists leading instructor in laboratory
            instruction phases of BOD_, pH, residual
            chlorine, and suspended solids, including
            laboratory preparation and organization;
        e)  Attends and participates in course closing
            exercises.
    5.  After the course, all instructors -
        a)  Review the course implementation experience
            with the Course Coordinator, mutually develop-
            ing proposals and plans for adjustments as
            necessary for future offerings of the course;
        b)  Evaluates condition of all equipment and supplies,
            initiating action to repair, renovate, or replace
            any items found deficient or in short supply;
        c)  Takes necessary action to put laboratory into
            state of neatness and order for occupancy of the
            next course (this does not imply janitorial
            service!);
        d)  If course was conducted in the field, repacks
            all equipment and supplies for return to home
            institution, after at least superficial cleaning
            of all dirty or contaminated glassware;
        e)  On return of shipment to home institution,
            unpacks all equipment and supplies, returning
            it to designated custodial site, including
            return of borrowed equipment and other return-
            able resources.
D.  Laboratory Assistant
    The Laboratory Assistant is designated as "optional"
    in the staffing plan, but services of a laboratory
    assistant are strongly recommended.  This is particularly
    urged in a fixed training installation where this and
6-14

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other courses are being conducted on a continuing or
repetitive basis.  The laboratory assistant works
particularly in support of the instructional staff.
The assistant will be given routine tasks which will
free the instructional staff for more specialized or
complicated tasks associated with the planning,
preparation, and implementation of the training.
1.  Before the course, the Laboratory Assistant -
    a)  Works closely with the instructional staff
        members, performing standardized tasks as
        specified in the course preparation plan.
        These duties will fall primarily under items
        3, a, (3) and (4);
    b)  Organizes laboratory supplies and equipment
        for each procedure in such a way as to permit
        distribution to the students or to their
        working sites with maximum efficiency during
        the course presentation;
    c)  Assists Course Secretary wherever feasible in
        assembly and organization of student instruc-
        tional materials, classroom preparation, and
        related tasks.
2.  During the course, the laboratory assistant -
    a)  Performs all possible tasks in support of lead-
        ing instructors in setting up student work
        positions, collecting and returning used glass-
        ware, supplies and equipment, etc., to central
        repository;
    b)  Cleans and maintains all glassware and supplies
        other than those stipulated for student
        performance;
                                                   6-15

-------
      c)  Notifies leading instructor promptly of any
          noted discrepancies or deficiencies in supplies,
          equipment, or planning which leads to problems
          in implementing the course;
      d)  In field courses, packs equipment in shipping
          cases as rapidly as its use has been completed
          for the course.
      After the course, the Laboratory Assistant -
      a)  Assists instructors in all equipment and supply
          inspection, renovation, and return to proper
          location;
      b)  Puts laboratory in state of neatness and order
          preparatory to use for next class;
      c)  Prepares any stable supplies required for next
          offering of the course, within limits of technical
          capability.
6-16

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 TRAINING FACILITIES AND FACILITIES-ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
I.   General Considerations
    A.   This course requires both a classroom and a
        laboratory for class use.  Effective presentation
        of the course requires staff attention to many
        details related to these facilities.  Problems more
        often occur in field courses (i.e., away from
        "home base").  In any location it is unusual that
        all desired features of a training facility will be
        met, but with timely attention most problems can be
        solved or at least partially resolved.
    B.   Spatial Relationships
        Classroom and laboratory should be separate, but
        close together.  Much of the instruction requires
        frequent shifts between classroom and laboratory.
        Therefore, the classroom and laboratory must not
        be in separate buildings, and should not be far
        apart in any structure.
    C.   Associated Comforts
        1.  The classroom and the laboratory should have a
            comfortable temperature, be free of obvious
            drafts, be well-ventilated, and should be
            well-lighted.  It is, of course, possible to
            develop specifications for acceptable tempera-
            ture ranges, light intensity ranges, humidity,
            etc.; but there is no substitute for exercise
            of good judgment.
        2.  Suitable restroom and drinking fountain facilities
            should be convenient to the classroom and laboratory,

AT.EMP(164.1)5.9.74                                     7~1

-------
       3.   Smoking:
           a)   NO SMOKING IN THE LABORATORY.   There should
               be no compromise on this.
           b)   Some  schools permit smoking in the classrooms.
               If this is the practice,  it is advisable to
               locate ashtrays so that smokers sit in an
               area  where their smoking will  not disturb
               others.
       Lunchroom Facilities
       Most schedules for this course will allow a one-hour
       lunch break.   It is advisable that the course staff
       identify and  make known to the class the names and
       locations of  convenient dining facilities where
       service, variety, quality, and price are satisfactory.
       Comments to Class about Facilities
       1.   On the first day of the course the general
           orientation should include such information as
           the class needs on the location and use of
           facilities and conveniences for class use.
       2.   It is strongly urged that the entire training
           staff never at any time indulge in apologies or
           criticisms of the classroom or laboratory
           facilities being used.  Such remarks serve no
           useful purpose and can only detract from an
           effective program, provided that everything
           possible  has been done beforehand to resolve
           existing  problems with facilities.  Student
           comments  and complaints should be given an
           honest response, but such comments from students
           should not be regarded as an excuse for staff
           to enlarge on the subject.
7-2

-------
II.  Classroom
     A.   General Features
         1.   Door at rear of room is preferred;  this permits
             entry of latecomers without excessive distraction
             of class.
         2.   The classroom should be free from excessive
             extraneous noises,  such as from construction
             projects,  heavy traffic, or from aircraft.
         3.   The classroom should have adequate electric
             power outlets (115V)  for use of audiovisual
             equipment.  The receptacles should be inspected
             for assurance that  they are compatible with the
             plugs used on the audiovisual projector equip-
             ment being used, and adapters and extension
             cords secured as required.
         4.   Room size  should be adequate for seating 18
             students,  plus providing for instructor
             equipment, projection equipment, and a modest
             number (4  to 8)  of  intermittent visitors to the
             classroom.
         5.   The classroom should be capable of being
             darkened quickly and effectively for use of
             projection equipment or television.   Room
             dimmer lights for indirect lighting (not striking
             the screen directly)  are recommended in fixed
             training installations, but can be dispensed with
             in a field training situation.
     B.   Student Facilities
         1.   Ideally, students should be seated at tables,
             with all seats facing the instructor's area at
             the front  of the classroom.   Each student should
                                                        7-3

-------
           be allocated 30" or more of table width.
           The sidearm chairs so familiar in the class-
           rooms of secondary schools and colleges may be
           used if absolutely necessary,  but are distinctly
           inferior to tables for student work.
       2.   Student seating should be at least two screen
           widths from the projection screen (assuming a
           61 screen,  no student closer than 12' from the
           screen)  and not more than 6 screen widths from
           the screen (again assuming a 6* screen, no
           student more than 36' from the screen).
           Furthermore,  all students should be seated within
           a 30° angle to the left and to the right of a
           line from the middle of the projection screen
           to the projector.
       Classroom Instructional Facilities
       1.   Lectern, either freestanding or table-type;
           suitable for standing instructor.
       2.   Demonstration table at front of classroom,
           approximately 31 x 5*.
       3.   Chalkboard, at least 3' x 5' (preferably larger),
           with chalk, erasers, pointer.
       4.   Audiovisual equipment
           a) Public address system (optional but recommended)
              with lavalier microphone with adequate cord
              length to permit instructor to move about at
              front of classroom with relative freedom.
           b) Projection screen (for size consideration
              see B.2. above), matte, beaded, or lenticular
              surface.
           c) Projector, 35-mm slide projector for slides
              mounted in cardboard or plastic mount;
7-4

-------
                 carousel type preferred.   Should have
                 projection lens with cord length suitable
                 for use from rear of room.
              d)  Projector, overhead type, for use with
                 projectuals approximately 7" x 9".
              e)  Cassette type playback unit, with cueing
                 feature for automatic operation of cassette
                 type slide projector; compatible with
                 National Training Center  (EPA) tape/slide
                 instructional units.
              f)  Television tape playback unit (3/4" cassette
                 type, "U-Matic" or equivalent).
              g)  Television receiver, commercial type, color,
                 19" diagonal picture, or larger.  At least one
                 receiver preferably two.
III.  Laboratory
      A.  General Considerations
          1.   Should be well-lighted, adequately ventilated.
              It is particularly important that the laboratory
              be free from strong drafts in student working
              areas.
          2.   Should provide for students to stand at labora-
              tory benches, approximately 36" from floor to
              bench surface.
          3.   Conventional laboratory services should be
              available at student work areas, including
              electricity (115V), gas, and vacuum.
          4.   Space between benches should be adequate for
              students to work without interfering with each
              other, and to permit free movement of instructors
              in the student working area.
                                                          7-5

-------
    5.  Safety features of the laboratory should be
        checked, including location and condition of
        first aid kits, fire extinguishers, emergency
        showers, eye-wash facilities, and other
        emergency equipment.
B.  Student Facilities
    1.  Provide at least 6"  of bench width per student
        pair.  While students will work in pairs to the
        extent that they will share certain limited
        equipment, each student will perform all tests
        and measurements.
    2.  Provide bench space or floor space as necessary
        for laboratory equipment described in the
        equipment and supply lists, such as autoclave,
        balances, incubators, ovens, waterbaths and
        other items not assigned to individual student
        work.
C.  Instructional Facilities
    1.  A chalkboard and demonstration table are
        recommended.
    2.  Provide at least 20 square feet for reserve
        supplies and equipment of each instructor
        (chemist, microbiologist, engineer).
    3.  For field courses, provide area for packing and
        unpacking areas for equipment to be shipped.
        This should be at least 100 square feet of
        floor space, with at least 20 square feet of
        table space.
                                                   7-6

-------
IV.   Security
     Valuable property is used both in the classroom and in
     the laboratory.  Some of the items are particularly
     susceptible to theft.  Accordingly:
     A.   Provide for locking of both classroom and laboratory
         when not in use, or assure that adequate security
         is provided in the facility by other means.
     B.   Be sure that the necessary keys are available to the
         instructional staff at their need.
     C.   With field courses, often it is necessary for the
         training staff to work in evening or weekends to
         prepare for coming classwork.  Arrangements must be
         made well in advance to secure authorized entry to
         the training facilities being made available by a
         host organization.
     D.   Thefts during normal working hours may be a special
         pro'blem.  Maintain surveillance to the extent
         practical, and keep out-of-service theft-prone
         items out of exposed locations.
  7-7

-------
                 DISCLAIMER






Reference to commercial products, trade names, or




manufacturers is for purposes of example and illustration.




Such references do not constitute endorsement by the




Office of Water Program Operations,  U.  S. Environmental




Protection Agency.

-------
           Laboratory Equipment and Supply Requirements


I.   INTRODUCTION
    This consolidated list is for overall planning purposes.
    For day-to-day classroom requirements, see the laboratory
    preparations for designated lessons in the section "Course
    Implementation."

    The equipment list is in three sections, each related to
    the requirements of one of the areas of instruction (chemistry
    microbiology, engineering).  In most cases, individual items
    of equipment or supply are not repeated from one section to
    another.  In the few cases where this does occur, and the
    item is to be used for more than one purpose, this is
    indicated in the "remarks" column.

    In some analyses, notably in the microbiology section, there
    may be a difference from one state to another whether the
    fecal coliform test will be made by the multiple dilution
    tube Most Probable Number  (MPN) method or by the Membrane
    Filter  (MF)  method.  The list provides a basis for equipping
    or supplying the course for teaching fecal coliform test by
    either procedure.  It is not reasonable or practical to teach
    both these methods simultaneously in this course.

    Quantities given are minimum amounts for a class of 18
    students working in teams of two students at nine stations.
    It is strongly recommended that instructors provide surplus
    equipment and additional supplies ready for use in case of
    need.  Many instructors plan for a margin of at least 10% of
    extra supplies to provide for student errors, planning mis-
    calculations, or other unforeseen events.
    AT.EMP.(164.1)6a.6.75                                   8-1

-------
This list can be of great value in pre-course planning, to
determine the availability of needed equipment and supplies,
and to take action to provide needed resources.  Further,
this list can be of vital importance when planning for
courses to be conducted in field locations.  Copies of the
list in the hands of the Course Coordinator and a represen-
tative of the host organization can be used to determine
which will provide needed resources, on an item-by-item
basis.  When the responsibility is assigned/accepted, this
can be annotated in the "remarks" column, with a copy of the
annotated list in the hands of the Course Coordinator and a
copy for the representative of the host organization.  Each
can then use the annotated equipment and supply list as a
checklist for carrying out his own agreed-upon responsibili-
ties in preparing for the course.
8-2

-------
I.  BACTERIOLOGY LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES REQUIREMENTS




     A.  CAPITAL EQUIPMENT  (More Than $100 Unit Value)




                                             Quantity for --
DESCRIPTION
Autoclave, providing uniform temperatures
up to and including 121°C, equipped with an
accurate thermometer, pressure gauges,
saturated steam power lines and capable of
reaching desired temperature in 30 minutes.
Balance, 0. 1 g sensitivity at a load of 150 g
Funnel Unit, membrane, unit assembly,
sterile, equipped with No0 8 rubber
stopper to fill 1 -liter vacuum flask.
Incubator with saturated relative humidity,
adjusted to 35 + 0. 5 C and to accommodate
a minimum of 18 culture tube racks
(approximately 6" X 12" each).
Incubator, waterbath, adjusted to 44. 5
+ 00 2°C and to accommodate 5 to 10 tube
racks (approximately 6" X 12" each).
Microscopes, stereoscopic, magn. 10X or
15X binocular type preferred.
	 1 	 1
MPN I MF
(
1 1
4-6 4-6
9
1
1 1
; i
REMARKS





8

-------
                                                 8-4
Quantity for --
DESCRIPTION
Oven, hot-air sterilizing, to give uniform
temperatures and with suitable thermometers
to register accurately in range of 160-180°C
pH meter, electrometric, accurate to at
least 0. 1 pH unit
o o
Refrigerator: Operates at 6 -10 C
UV light to resterilize funnels if necessary
Vacuum Service: preferably a central
service. An electric vacuum pump assembly
with suitable hoses, water traps, and
shut-off valves is acceptable. As a last
resort, but not recommended, use a water
aspirator or hand-pump.
MPN
1
1
1



MF
1
1
1

X
1
REMARKS


Temporary sample storage,
storage of MF media,
reagents. Not for storage
of MPN media.
Optional
Service to 9 lab work
positions.


-------
B.  REUSABLE SUPPLIES and Durable Property of Less than $100 Unit Value
DESCRIPTION
Aprons, laboratory (plastic acceptable)
Baskets for discarded cultures
Beakers, 400-600 ml
Bottles, dilution, 6 oz. , preferably
borosilicate glass, with screw cap (or
rubber stopper protected by paper) with
99 ml volume etched on side.
Bottle, mixing, 4 liter, wide-mouth,
borosilicate glass
Bottles, sample, 250-ml wide mouth,
glass stopper j
Bottles, squeeze, for disinfecting solution
MPN
18
9
9
48
2
10
9
MF
18
9
9
72-144
3
20
9
REMARKS







                                                                                            8-5

-------
8-6
DESCRIPTION
Bottles, wide- mouth (for about 20 ml
methanol to sterilize forceps)
Burners, gas
Cans, pipet, aluminum or steel, not copper.
(If plastic, disposable pipets are used, this
item is not necessary. )
Caps to fit 20 X 150 mm culture tubes
Clamps, pinchcock, strong enough for
tight compression of vacuum tubing
MPN
-
9
18
800
9
Cylinders, 100 ml graduated, sterile
Filters, membrane, white, grid marked,
sterile pore size suitable for bacterial .
retention, (usually about 0.45/<) in units
of 10 filters per package j
Flasks, Erlenmeyer type, 250 ml;
borosilicate glass.
MF
9
-
18
-
9
9
200
9
REMARKS


Not necessary if single-service
glass or plastic, pre- sterilized,
wrapped pipets are used.



20 packages of 10 filters/ packag


-------
DESCRIPTION
Flasks, suction, glass, 1 liter, mouth to
fit No. 8 stopper
Forceps, curved-end round tipped, for
MF work
Funnels, glass, 4-6" diameter.
Borosilicate
Hot plates, electric, thermoregulator
Jars to receive used pipets.
Lamp, fluorescent, for dissecting
microscope
Loops, inoculation, 3 mm diameter
loop of nichrome or platinum - iridium
wire, 26 B&S gauge, in suitable holder
Pads, absorbent (for nutrient), 47 mm in
diameter, sterile, in units of 10 pads per
package
MPN
-
-
9
-
9
-
18
-
MF
9
18
-
9
9
9
-
200
REMARKS



Alternately, use tripod with
gas burner.



Usually supplied with the
membrane filters.
8-7

-------
                                                                                                    8-8
    DESCRIPTION
MPN
  MF
REMARKS
Pipets, 1 ml with 0. 1  ml graduations,
Mohr type preferred,  sterile,  cotton
plugged, glass or disposable plastic.
Quantity given is minimum number
required.  Each pair of students should
be given a can with 10-12 glass pipets
or else a package of a dozen plastic
pipets.
48
 18
Pipets, 10 ml graduated, Mohr type
preferred, sterile, cotton plugged,  glass
or disposable plastic.  Again this is a
minimal quantity.  Each student pair
should be given a can with glass pipets or
else a surplus  of the individually packed
plastic pipets.
18
72-80
Racks,  culture tube, 10X5 openings to
accept tubes of 25 mm diameter,  minimum
24
 18
Ring stand; to accommodate 4 - 6" glass
funnels
Sponges for cleaning desk tops

-------
DESCRIPTION
Tallies, hand, single unit acceptable, hand
or desk type
Thermometer (for use in incubator water
bath). Must indicate in the 40°- 50 C range
and have increments of 0. 1 C. Should be
NBS certified or calibrated against NBS
certified thermometer. Full Immersion type
preferred.
Thermometer (for use in sterilizing oven).
Must indicate within the 160 - 180 C range
and should have increments at least 1.0 C.
Thermometer (for use in 35 C incubator).
Must indicate in the 30-40°C range and have
increments of at least 1.0°C. Should be
NBS certified thermometer. Best used
with bulb immersed in water, glycerine, or
oil fitted in flask or bottle with rubber
stopper.
Tongs, crucible (to fit culture tubes)
Tubes, fermentation, 12 X 75 mm vials to
be inverted in culture tubes
MPN

1
1
1
-
i
800
MF
9
1
1
-
9
-
REMARKS






8-9

-------
8-10
DESCRIPTION
Tubes, culture, 20 X 150 mm
Tubing, rubber, 2-3 foot lengths, latex
rubber, 3/16" I. D. by 3/32" wall (for
vacuum flask).
MPN
660
-
MF
-
9
REMARKS



-------
C.  CONSUMABLE RESOURCE SUPPLIES
    These items will either (1) be used directly by the student,  (2) be used by staff in preparing
    solutions and media described in following section.
DESCRIPTION
Bags, waterproof plastic, 3 X 7-1/4"
for culture dish incubation
EC Broth, dehydrated; Difco, BBL, or
equivalent, in 1/4-lb. bottles.
Dishes, Petri, 50 X 12 mm, sterile,
plastic or glass.
Iodine, crystals, 1/4-lb. bottle
Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth;
BBL, Difco, or equivalent. Dehydrated.
1-lb. bottle.
M-FC Broth, Dehydrated; BBL, Difco, or
equivalent. 1/4-lb. bottles.
Methanol (for sterilizing forceps), 20 ml
amounts in 12 wide mouth bottles
MPN
-
4-6
-
1
1
-
-
MF
36
-
120
1
-
4-6
9
REMARKS

Do not buy 1-lb bottles.
Most workers use plastic
Petri dishes.
For preparation of disinfectant
solution

Do not buy 1-lb. bottles.
•

                                                                                              8-11

-------
                                                                                                 8-12
     DESCRIPTION
MPN
MF
     REMARKS
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
1/4-lb. bottle
                        For preparation of dilution
                        water
Potassium Iodide (KI), crystals,
1/4-lb. bottles
                        For preparation of
                        disinfectant solution
Pencils, china-marking,  wax
18
18
Rosolic Acid, powdered,  1-gram units
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) pellets,
1/4-lb. bottle
Water.distilled or deionized.  Suitable
for use in bacteriological culture media.
20
30
Many laboratories will have
their own distillation apparatus;
others must use commercial
sources.

-------
D.  CONSUMABLE RESOURCE  SUPPLIES (requiring staff preparation)

    These items will require preparation by staff, in advance of the course.  Materials for
    preparation and containment of these items should, without exception, be listed in foregoing lists
    of equipment and supplies.
DESCRIPTION MPN
j
Dilution water, sterile, 99-ml blanks, '
in 6-oz. screwcapped bottles, with : 48
mark at 99-ml mark ;
MF
72-144
REMARKS

Dilution Water:  for class samples.
Prepare 3 liters of  sterile
dilution water in 4-liter
glass  bottles.
                                                                        On appropriate class day(s)
                                                                        deliver appropriate amount
                                                                        of fresh domestic sewage to
                                                                        the dilution water.  See special
                                                                        instructor's notes for the
                                                                        lessons.
Iodine-Potassium Iodide Solution,
consisting of 3 grams Iodine crystals,
6 grams Potassium Iodide crystals,
dissolved in 3 liters distilled water,
and dispensed in plastic squeeze bottles.
                                                                                              8-13

-------
                                                                                        8-14
DESCRIPTION
Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth,
10-ml portions of single-strength medium,
10 ml portions in 20 X 150 mm culture
tubes with fermentation vials, metal
caps. Sterile
Sodium Hydroxide solution, 0. 2 N
Sodium Hydroxide Solution, 1 N
MPN
400
-
1 liter
MF
-
200 ml
1 liter
REMARKS

For preparing 1% Rosolic Acid
solution
For preparing stock
phosphate buffer for
water.
solution
dilution
7.11.74

-------
II     MISTRY LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS

    Key to Abbreviations for Tests:

        BOD   -  Biochemical Oxygen Demand
        DO(W) -  Dissolved Oxygen, Winkler
        DO(P) -  Dissolved Oxygen, Probe

A.  CAPITAL EQUIPMENT (More Than $100 Unit Value)
Cl  -  Chlorine Residual
pH  -  pH
SS  -  Suspended Solids
                                                            QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Am per ome trie Titration Assemblies including sample cups
and measuring pi pets, 1 and 5 ml
Balances, analytical, 0.1 mg sensitivity at a load of
200 g. (with Instruction manuals)
Balance, trip, 500 gram capacity
Dissolved Oxygen Meters with probes and probe agitator
assemblies, and accessory kits which include membranes
Distilling apparatus, water still, all-glass or block tin
Electrical outlets, 115 volt, single phase, 60 cycle ac
power

EACH TEST
Cl 1
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO 1
BOD 1
Cl 1

CLASS
OF 18
9
3
1
9
1
9

REMARKS
A written EMP based on Wallace and
Tiernan* equipment is available. It
could be adapted for other ampero-
metric titration assemblies
Also for advance preparation of
reagents
For advance preparation of reagents
Written EMPs based on the We s ton and
Stack* Model 300 and also on the
Yellow Springs Instrument* Model 54
are available. Either could be
adapted for other oxygen meters.
Also can be used to prepare distilled
water for the other lab procedures.

8-15

-------
                                                                                                         8-16
                                                           QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Hot plate, magnetic stirrer, platform area about 5 1/2"
by 7", with magnet
Incubator or constant temperature bath capable of
maintaining 20° + 1°C, and large enough to contain
36 BOD bottles and 2 ten liter bottles
Oven, hot air, to give uniform temperatures and with
thermometer to register accurately in range of 103 -
105°C. Capacity for 18 - 90 mm dia. watch glasses
plus 18 - 25 ml Gooch crucibles
pH meters, electrometric, accurate to at least 0.1 pH
unit
Refrigerator large enough to store up to 7 one liter
reagent bottles
Sinks for glassware clean-up and discard solutions.
Vacuum Sources: preferably a central service. An
electric vacuum pump assembly with suitable hoses, water
traps and shut off valves capable of drawing 15 inches
mercury is acceptable.
EACH TEST
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
Cl 1
BOD 1
SS 1
pH 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
All 1
SS 1
CLASS
OF 18
1
1
1
9
1
3
18
REMARKS
For advance preparation of reagents

See Microbiology, Capital Equipment
A written EMP based on the battery -
operated Instrumentation Laboratory*
Model 175 is available. It could be
adapted for other pH meters.
To store reagents prepared in advance

Unlisted quantities of tubing and
connectors may be required. See
•Microbiology, Capital Equipment
* Mention of a specific  brand name does not constitute endorsement of the U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency.

-------
B.  REUSABLE EQUIPMENT (Less  Than $100 Unit Value)
                                                            QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Aprons, laboratory (plastic acceptable)
Beakers, glass, 25 ml
Beakers, glass, 50 ml
Beakers, graduated, glass, 150 ml
Beakers, glass 250 ml
Bottle, amber glass, 1 liter, with screw cap
Bottles, glass, ^0 ml, with 1 ml dropper pipet in
screw cap
Bottles, glass>BOD, 300 ml glass stoppers
Bottles, glass, reagent, 250 ml, with glass stoppers for
all but one which requires a rubber stopper.
Bottle, glass, reagent, 2 liter with glass stopper

EACH TEST
All 1
DO(W) 1
pH 1
Cl 1
pH 5
DO(P) 1
Cl 1
Cl 3
BOD 4
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 4
BOD 4
DO(W) 6
DO(W) 1

CLASS
OF 18
18
18
9
45
9
1
27
153
10
1

REMARKS




Weston and Stack* Meter 300
Omit if PAO solution is purchased
Omit if solutions are purchased in
dropper bottles
Total quantity based on all three lab
sessions on same day, precluding
multiple use of bottles

To contain standardized sodium
thiosulfate sol.
8-17

-------
                                           8-18
QUANTITY  FOR:
DESCRIPTION

Bottles, glass, small neck solution carboys, 10 liter
Bottles, polyethylene, aspirator with spigot, 5 gallon,
screwcap, to dispense distilled water
Bottles, polyethylene, squeeze, each with delivery tip,
about 2 oz.
Bottles, polyethylene, ^60 ml, screw caps

Bottles, polyethylene preferred or pyrex, M80 ml,
screw caps
Bottles, polyethylene, resistant to adsorption of solids,
500 ml , screw caps

Bottle, polyethylene> resistant to adsorption of solids,
2 liter, screw cap
Bottle, polyethylene, resistant to adsorption of solids,
4 liter, screw cap
Bottle, polyethylene) resistant to adsorption of solids,
8 liter, screw cap

EACH TEST

BOD
All

pH

DO(P)

pH

Cl
pH
ss
BOD
SS
Cl
SS
BOD


2
2

1

2

2

1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1


CLASS
OF 10
2
2

9

18

18


27

1

1
1


REMARKS


Can be used with siphons for water
samples required for DO(W) and DO(P)
To contain sat. KC1 sol.

Weston and Stack* Meter 300
To contain electrolyte and Na OH sols.
To contain buffers

To contain student portions of samples.
Attach sample tags.

To collect sample.
Attach sample tags.
To collect sample.
Attach sample tags.
To collect secondary treatment effluent
sample. Attach sample tag.


-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Brushes, assorted for cleaning glassware
Brushes, balance
Bulbs, pi pet, large
Burets, 25 ml, 0.1 ml graduations, teflon stopcock plug
preferred
Clamps, buret, for titration stand
Clamps, pinchcock, strong enough for tight compression
of vacuum tubing
Cork borers, set
Crucibles, Gooch, porcelain 25 ml capacity
Crucible holders, Walter, for 25 ml porcelain Gooch
crucibles to fit 1 liter filter flask
Cylinders, graduated, 25 or 50 ml

EACH TEST
At Sinks
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(W) 1
DO(W) 1
BOD 1
SS 1
SS 1
SS 1
SS 1
SS 1

CLASS
OF 18
9
3
9
18
18
20
1
36
18
18

REMARKS





See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment
To make hole in No. 8 rubber stoppers
for funnel filter holders prior to
student lab session.
18 are used to prepare filter discs
prior to student lab session.


8-19

-------
                                           8-20
QUANTITY  FOR;
DESCRIPTION
Cylinders, graduated, 100 ml
Cylinders, graduated, 250 ml
Cylinders, graduated, 1 liter
Desiccators with effective desiccant and to accomodate
18 - 90 mm dia. watch glasses plus 18 - 25 ml Gooch
crucibles.
Flask, Erlenmeyer, wide mouth, 250 ml
Flasks, Erlenmeyer, wide mouth, 500 ml
Flasks, filtering (suction), heavy glass wall with side
tube for hose connection and mouth to fit No. 8 stopper,
1000 ml.
Flask, volumetric, 100 ml, with glass stopper
Flask, volumetric, 250 ml, with glass stopper

EACH TEST
BOD 1
SS 2
BOD • 1
BOD 2
SS x
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
pH 1
DO(W) 1
SS 1
BOD 1
Cl 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1

CLASS
OF 18
36
18
36
X
1
18
18
1
1

REMARKS
Required for BOD if sarrple
treatment effluent
is primary
Required if sample is secondary
treatment effluent

x - number of desiccators
depends on their size
For advance preparation of
See Microbiology, Reusable
needed
reagents.
Equipment

See Microbiology, Reusable
For advance preparation of
For advance preparation of
Equipment
reagents
reagents


-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Flask, volumetric, 1 liter with glass stopper
Flask, volumetric, 2 liter with glass stopper
Forceps, cover glass, curved ends
Funnels, short stem. diam. about 75mm
(to fill 25ml buret)
Funnel filter holders: membrane unit assemblies or
porcelain Buchner funnels or porcelain Hirsch funnels,
requiring a disc about 5 cm dia. for filtering influent
samples.
Glasses, safety
Knaves, small pocket
Mixinq rods, plunger-type, 18 inch minimum length
Mortar and pestle, glass or porcelain, with spout, 8 oz.
Pipets, dropping (medicine droppers), with bulb,
about 1 ml volume

EACH TEST
Cl 1
pH 1
DO(W) 1
SS 1
DO(W) 1
SS 1
DO(W)lpr
DO(P) 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(W) 1

CLASS
OF 18
1
1
18
18
18
9pr
9
18
1
18

REMARKS
For advance preparation of buffers and
sample
For advance preparation of std.
thiosulfate sol.


Can use some of each type
See Microbiology, Capital Equipment

Weston and Stack* Meter 300

For advance preparation of starch sol .

8-21

-------
8-22
QUANTITY FUR:
DESCRIPTION
PI pets, measuring, Mohr, glass, 5 ml graduated in 1/10
Pi pets, volumetric transfer, one ml
Pipets, volumetric transfer, twenty ml
Pipet, volumetric tansfer, 100 ml
Scissors, small -size pairs
Screwdrivers, small blade
Siphons, glass, about 18 inches long, with soft rubber
tubing attached for delivery control.
Siphons, glass, long enough to reach to the bottom of a
10 liter bottle, with soft rubber tubing attached for
delivery control
Spatula, medium size
Sponges for cleaning bench top

EACH TEST
DO(W) 3
BOD 4
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
DO(P) 1
BOD 1
BOD 1
All 1
All 1

CLASS
OF 10
3
4
18
1
g
9
18
2
1
9

KCMAUKS

For stock bottles of nutrients
Required if sample is primary
treatment effluent
For advance preparation of std.
thiosulfate sol .
Yellow Springs Instrument* Meter 54
Weston & Stack * Meter 300


For advance preparation of reagents
See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment


-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Stands, tltration, support for buret
Stoppers, rubber, size 8, with hole for funnel
filter holder
Syringes, 5 cc or (medicine) dropper pipets
Tongs, crucible
Tubing, rubber 2-3 foot lengths,
3/16" I.D. by 3/32" wall for vacuum flasks
Wash bottles, squeeze type 500 ml
Watch glasses, 90 mm dia., for filter disc supports
* Mention of a specific brand name does not constitute
endorsement of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EACH TEST
DO(W) 1
SS 1
DO(P) 1
SS 1
SS 1
All 1
SS 1

CLASS
OF 18
18
18
9
18
18
9
36

REMARKS

Size of hole depends on type of funnel
filter holder used

See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment
See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment

18 are used to prepare filter discs
prior to student lab session
8-23

-------
                                                                                                        8-24
C.  CONSUMABLE SUPPLIES
                                                           QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Cotton, small wads to fit neck of
Detergent, in small boxes or jars
Filter discs, glass fiber without
Reeve Angel 934H or 984H, Gel man
Whatman GF/C or equivalent, Size
funnel filter holders to be used
to fit 25 ml Gooch crucibles (^ 2
10 liter bottles
at sinks
organic binder,
Type A,
should cover holes in
(^ 5 cm. dia.) and also
.1 cm. dia.)
Lubricant, silicone (stopcock) small tubes
Marking ink supply or tool to permanently mark glass
and porcelain.
Notebooks, to record data
Pens, felt tip, to mark beakers,
watch glasses, etc.
Pencils, wax marking
Reagents are listed according to
this section.
test at the end of
EACH TEST
BOD 1
All 1
SS 2
ea. size
DO(P) 1
Cl 1
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
pH 1
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(P) 1

CLASS
OF 18
2
3
72
9
1
18
9
9

REMARKS


18 of ea. size should be prepared
(rinsed-dried) prior to student
lab session
Weston and Stack * Meter 300
To make identification marks on Gooch
crucibles prior to student lab session





-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Required samples are listed according to test at the
end of this section
Rubber bands, large
Sample tags, preferably pre-printed, with blanks for
information required by NPDES reports.
Tape, transparent, rolls
Tissues, soft, in boxes, for hand Vi rig Gooch crucibles
Towels, paper in boxes or packets at sinks
Water, distilled from all glass or block tin
distilling apparatus
Water, distil led, from central supply or can be purchased

EACH TEST

DO(P) 2
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
Cl 10
pH 27
SS 20
DO(P) 1
SS 1
All 1
BOD 2 t
DO(W)8 t
DO(P)13 I
Cl 1 L
pH 14 I
SS 2 t

CLASS
OF 18

36
60
9
9
3
40 L
38 t

REMARKS

Weston and Stack* Meter 300
For bottles containing sample.



Quantity includes water used for
reagent preparation.
Amounts represent water used for
reagent and sample preparations, as
well as student lab sessions.
8-25

-------
                                           8-26
QUANTITY  FOR:
DESCRIPTION
weighing boats, disposable
Reagents, BOO Test:
Calcium chloride solution:
27.5 g/1 anhydrous calcium chloride
Ferric chloride solution:
0.25 g/1 ferric chloride hexahydrate
Magnesium sulfate solution:
22.5 g/1 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

EACH TEST
BOD 4
DO(W) 6
DO(P) 3
Cl 11
pK 5

BOD 2ml
BOD 2ml
BOD 2ml

CLASS
OF 18
29

100 ml
100 ml
100 ml

REMARKS
For advance preparation of reagents
For preparations according to 1971
Standard Methods, 13th ed., p. 489
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab sessions.





-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Phosphate Buffer Solution:
8.5 g/1 potassium di hydrogen phosphate,
21.75 g/1 dispotassium hydrogen phosphate,
33.4 g/1 di sodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate,
1.7 g/1 ammonium chloride
Reagents for 72 Winkler Determinations unless a
dissolved oxygen meter is to be used.
Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen, Winkler Method:
Alkali-iodide-azide solution:
500 g/1 sodium hydroxide
135 g/1 sodium iodide
10 g/1 sodium azide

EACH TEST
BOD 2ml


BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml

CLASS
OF 18
100 ml


250 ml

REMARKS
KH2P04also used for Cl and pH
See Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen,
Winkler Method.
For preparations according to 1971
EPA Manual , p. 53
ALL reagents should be prepared
PRIOR to student lab sessions.
NaOH also used for DO(P) and Cl
8-27

-------
                                            8-2
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Chloroform
Manganous sulfate solution:
480 g/1 manganous sulfate tetrahydrate
Potassium bilodate solution:
4.873 g/1 potassium biiodate
Potassium iodide crystals
Sodium thiosulfate stock solution:
186.1 g/£ sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate
Starch solution:
10 g/1 soluble starch

EACH TEST
BOD 15ml
DO(W)15ml
DO(P)15ml
BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml
BOD 250ml
DO (W) 25 Oml
DO(P)250ml
BOD 6g
DO(W)6g
DO(P)6g
BOD 50 ml
DO(W)50 ml
DO(P)50 ml
BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml

CLASS
OF 18
15 ml
250 ml
250 ml
6 g
250 ml
250 ml

REMARKS
To preserve starch and thiosulfate
sols. Also used for Cl

25.0 ml is diluted to 100 ml. of which
40.0 ml is used for duplicates to
standardize thiosulfate sol.
To standardize thiosulfate sol.. also
used for DO(P) and Cl
100.0 ml is diluted to 2 I. std. sol..
648 ml may be needed for BOD, 162 ml
each for DO(W) and DO(P). Additional
volume is for buret rinses.
Also used for Cl


-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Sulfuric acid, concentrated
Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen, Probe Method:
Electrolyte solution:
50 g/100 ml potassium iodide,
0.1 g/100 ml sodium sulfite
Electrolyte solution:
1:1 distilled water/sat, potassium chloride sol.
(56.7g/100ml at 100°C)
Sodium hydroxide solution:
10 g/90 ml sodium hydroxide

EACH TEST
BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml

DO (Phi 5ml
DO(PH5ml
DO(PH5ml

CLASS
OF 18
250 ml

250 ml
250 ml
250 ml

REMARKS

For preparations according to
Instruction Manuals for Weston and
Stack* Model 300 or Yellow Springs
Instrument* Model 54
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab sessions.
Weston and Stack* Meter 300;sol . can
be purchased from Weston and Stack*.
KI also used for DO(W) and Cl .
Yellow Springs Instrument* Meter 54J
sol. can be purchased from YSI. sat.
KC1 sol. also used for pH
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
NaOH also used for DO(W) and Cl
8-29

-------
8-30
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Sodium sulfite solution:
about 2g/500 ml
Reagents for 18 Winkler DO Determinations
Reagents, Chlorine Residual:
Buffer solution, pH4.0:
243 g/£ sodium acetate trihydrate
480 g/£ glacial acetic acid
Buffer solution, pH7.0:
25.4g/£ potassium dihydrogen phosphate
86 g/£ disodium hydrogen phosphate with 12
molecules of water of hydration

EACH TEST
DO(PHg


Cl 1ml
Cl 1ml

CLASS
OF 18
18g


250ml
250ml

REMARKS
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
Also used in DO(P) electrolyte sol.
See Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen,
Winkler Method
For prepartions according to 1972
ASTM Part 23, p. 223
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab sessions
Sol . can be purchased from
Wallace and Tiernan*
Sol . can be purchased from
Wallace and Tiernan*
KH2P04 also used for BOD and pH


-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Potassium Iodide solution:
50 g/£ potassium Iodide
Sodium chloride, U.S. P.
Phenylarseneoxide solution, 0.00564 N^:
0.8 g/l phenylarseneoxide
1.8 g/l sodium hydroxide
(Adjust pH with 1+1 hydrochloric acid)
Standardize with 0.0282N_ iodine solution:
25 g/£ potassium Iodide
4.946 g/£ arsenous oxide
hydrochloric acid
1 ml chloroform
12.7 g/£ iodine crystals
5g/ 500ml sodium hydroxide
Ig/lOOml starch sol.

EACH TEST
Cl 1ml
CK20g
CHlOml









CLASS
OF 18
250 ml
360 g.
1 t.









REMARKS
Sol . can be
Wallace and
KI also used
Pellets can
Wallace and
purchased from
Tiernan*.
for DO(W) and DO(P)
be purchase from
Tiernan?
Sol. can be purchased from Wallace
and Tiernan*.
NaOH and KI are also used for DO(W)
and DO(P),
chloroform and starch are also used
for DO(W).
















8-31

-------
                                            8-3
QUANTITY FOR;
DESCRIPTION
Reagents, pH
Buffer solution, pH 6.9:
3.388g/liter potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
3.533 g/liter di sodium hydrogen phosphate,
carbon dioxide-free water
Buffer solution, pH 7.4:
1.179 g/£ potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
4.302 g/l di sodium hydrogen phosphate,
carbon dioxide - free water
Electrolyte solution:
56.7 g/ 100ml potassium chloride, at
100°C for saturated solution.
Add silver chloride in dissolvable amt.

EACH TEST

pH 125ml
pH 125ml
pH^lOml

CLASS
OF 18

31
3£
250ml

REMARKS
For preparations according to 1971
Standard Methods, 13th ed. p. 278
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab session.
Pre-weighed buffer chemicals can be
purchased.
KHoPO. is also used for Cl and BOD
* 4
Pre-weighed buffer chemicals can be
purchased.
KH2P04 is also used for Cl and BOD
Electrolyte sol. can be purchased from
manufacturers of pH meters*
KC1 also used for DO(P)


-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Sample, Biochemical Oxygen Demand:
non-Chlorinated treatment plant effluent
Sample, Dissolved Oxygen, Winkler Method:
Mater containing dissolved oxygen
Sample, Dissolved Oxygen, Probe Method:
Water containing dissolved oxygen
Sample, chlorine:
Chlorinated treatment plant effluent
Sample, pH:
Three samples with different pH values

EACH TEST
BOD 80ml
or 400ml
DO(W)300ml
DO(P)300ml
Cl 200ml
pH ea.
125ml

CLASS
OF 18
21
or 81
61
6t
U
pH ea.
3£

REMARKS
Collect just before student lab
session.
2 liters of primary treatment effluent
or 8 liters of secondary treatment
effluent
Prepare by agitation, then quiescence
prior to student lab session.
Prepare by agitation, then quiescence
prior to student lab session.
Collect just before student lab
session.
Quantity is for Wallace and Tiernan*
Assembly.
Prepare prior to student lab session.
8-33

-------
                                                                                                          8-3-.
                                                             QUANTITY  FOR:
                      DESCRIPTION
EACH TEST
CLASS
OF 18
REMARKS
Sample, suspended solids:

    Treatment plant Influent or an  equivalent mixture
    100ml
                   Can  be  collected  1  or  2 days before
                   student lab  session.
Sample, suspended solids:

    Treatment plant effluent or  an  equivalent mixture
    200ml
                   Can  be  collected  1  or  2 days before
                   student lab  session.
*  Mention of a specific  brand  name does not constitute
   endorsement of the U.  S.  Environmental Protection
   Agency.

-------
Ill ENGINEERING - Sampling
    A.  CAPITAL EQUIPMENT (More Than $100 Unit Value)
                                                              QUANTIFY  I-UII:
DESCRIPTION
Sampler, APHA type, as described in Standard Methods, 13th ed., p. 476
Sampler, Kemmerer type, as described in Standard Methods, 13th ed.,
p. 728
B. REUSABLE EQUIPMENT (Less Than $100 Unit Value)
Float gage
Parshall Flume with stilling well and connection to flume
Staff gage section, standard 3.33 foot section
Wier plate(s)

CLASS
or m
1
1

1
1-3
1
1-3

KLMAUKS
For demonstration
For demonstration

For demonstration
Optional - used if available
To illustrate flume Configuration.
Models could be used in classroom.
To illustrate gage
To illustrate wier configuration.
90° and/or 60° and/or end contractions,
etc..
35

-------
                     INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
I.   Introduction

    A.   Most training institutions will make the fullest
        possible use of pre-existing instructional resources.
        At the same time,  it is acknowledged that much remains
        to be accomplished in development of such resources
        for this course.  This applies particularly to audio-
        visual training aids.  Much is being done now to
        relieve this deficiency.  Accordingly, it can be
        expected that this section of this Training Guide will
        be subject to changes at relatively frequent intervals.

        The purpose of this section is to describe the nature,
        sources, and availability of instructional resources
        suggested for use  with this course.

    B.   Part II of this Manual and the student reference text
        refer to a number  of different instructional resources.
        These include
        1.  The student reference text itself;
        2.  Supportive references; and,
        3.  Audiovisual training aids.

    C.   Instructional resources are discussed here from three
        viewpoints:
        1.  Resources available from the National Training
            Center;
        2.  Resources available from other sources; and,
        3.  Resources already in possession of the institution
            conducting this course.
   AT.BMP.(164.1)9.9.74                                    9-1

-------
II.   Instructional Resources from the National Training Center
     A.   Availability and how to request
         1.   All items described below are available to institu-
             tions conducting this course, either on loan, or
             as a contribution from the EPA.
         2.   To obtain materials described below, address
             written requests to:
             Director, National Training Center
             ATTN: Training Information Clerk
             MPOD, WPO
             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
             Cincinnati, OH 45268

         3.   It is urged that materials desired from the
             National Training Center for a specific course
             offering be requested in a single, consolidated,
             communication.  This will give greatest assurance
             of a well-coordinated response.   Because these
             requests ordinarily will cover a number of
             different items, telephonic requests should not
             be made.
         4.   Requests should be timely.  To assure effective
             delivery in time for use in the course, requests
             should be received at the National Training Center
             at least 45 days prior to the course date.  The
             National Training Center will, in turn, make
             every effort to assure that the requested materials
             are delivered to the requesting institution several
             days prior to the start of the course in which
             they are to be used.  This will permit review and
             practice of the instructional staff for the most
             effective use of such resources.
     9-2

-------
     5. Requests should include at least:
        a.  Identification of the item requested (and
            number of units, if multiple copies are
            indicated).
        b.  Date of the course in which the material
            will be used.
        c.  Location and name of consignee.
        d.  Telephone number by which person requesting
            can be reached.

     6. It is expected that all borrowed resources be
        returned to the National Training Center within
        the first week after completion of the course
        in which they are used.
     7. With returned borrowed training resources, it
        is requested that the user provide the National
        Training Center with an evaluation of the training
        resource(s) used.   In this manner the experience
        of users can be a factor in continuous improve-
        ments and responses to problems in using the
        resources.  In addition, all reports on use of
        such resources should include the number of
        students with whom the material was used.

B.   Description of Instructional Resources Currently
     Available from National Training Center
     1. Student reference text "Self-Monitoring Proce-
        dures: Basic Parameters for Municipal Effluents."
        (given)
        a.  May be available in considerable numbers.
            Numbers per course will be limited to one
            per student plus four for staff use.  Inquire.
                                                      9-3

-------
        b.  If supplies are limited, at least five
            copies will be issued, with expectation that
            the sponsoring institution will duplicate
            the number of copies required.
        Supportive references  (given)
        a.  EPA Manual of Methods "Methods for Chemical
            Analysis of Water and Wastewater."   (limit
            one per institution)
        b.  "Development and Exchange of Instructional
            Resources in Water Quality Control Programs."
            (limit one per institution)  This is a source-
            book on audiovisual and other training
            resources.  It is not geared specifically to
            this course.
        c.  "Audiovisual Instructional Units," a catalogue
            of tape/slide
        Audiovisual training aids (on scheduled loan)
        a.  For BOD and Related Instruction
            (1)  Overhead projectuals on general considera-
                 tions about DO
            (2)  XT-29  (Tape/Slide Unit), "Dissolved Oxygen
                 Determination."  3/4" XT-83 "Determination
                 of Dissolved Oxygen: Polaragraphic Probe
                 Method."
            (3)  Videocassette Tape Units on DO Determina-
                 tion by Winkler Method, Standardization
                 of Sodium Thiosulfate Standard, Placing
                 DO Probe in Operation, Performance of
                 5-Day BOD Test.
        b.  For pH Determination
            XT-69 (Tape/Slide Unit)  "pH Meter - Laboratory
            Operation."
9-4

-------
c.  Fecal Coliform Test (Multiple Tube Method)
    (1) Lesson 1: Projectuals
    (2) Lesson 2: 3/4" videocassette, on equip-
                  ment and supplies
    (3) Lesson 4: Projectual on data sheet
                  3/4" videocassette, on data sheet
                  preparation
    (4) Lesson 5: Videocassette, on assembly and
                  labeling of culture tubes.
    (5) Lesson 6: Videocassette, on sample
                  inoculation.
    (6) Lesson 7: Videocassette, on 24-hour pro-
                  cedures.
    (7) Lesson 8: Videocassette, on 48-hour pro-
                  cedures.  Videocassette on 72-
                  hour procedures.
    (8) Lesson 9: Videocassette, on codifying
                  results from data sheets and on
                  use of MPN Table.
                  Overhead projectuals showing
                  various typical laboratory data
                  sheets,  for drill in codifying
                  results.
                  Overhead projectuals of MPN
                  tables.
d.  Total Suspended Solids
    (1) Lesson 1: Overhead projectuals
                  Videocassette, "Preparing the
                  Filter Discs."
    (2) Lesson 2: Overhead projectuals on pro-
                  cedures, sample volumes. Video-
                  cassette.
                                              9-5

-------
                 (3)  Lesson 3: Overhead projectuals
                 (4)  Lesson 4: Overhead projectuals
                 (5)  Lesson 5: Overhead projectuals
                 (6)  Lesson 6: Corrected sample data sheets.

             e.  Residual Chlorine
                 XT-39 "Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand"

III.   Resources from Other Sources
      A.   Minimum technical references which should be in
          possession of the institution include:
          1.   "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
             and Wastewater" (13th ed), APHA, AWWA, WPCF.
             Available from Publications Office, American
             Public Health Association, Inc., 1790 Broadway,
             NY, NY 10019.
          2.  "Annual Book of Standards" Part 23, Water, Atmos-
             pheric Analysis.  1972.  Available from American
             Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St.,
             Philadelphia, PA 19103.
      B.   Audiovisual and Other Training Aids
          1.  A wide variety of training resources is listed
             in the EPA sponsored publication cited in II,B,2,b,
             above:
             "Development of Instructional Resources in Water
              Quality Control Programs."
          2.  Information on sources of the listed items is
             provided.
          3.  Training institutions having information about
             training resources applicable to this course, but
             not shown in the above catalogue of instructional
    9-6

-------
          resources are invited to relay this information to
          the Director, National Training Center.  Such
          resources, as applicable, will be made known to
          other organizations which could benefit from their
          use.

IV.  Resources Already in Possession of the Training Institution
    A.   Many training organizations prefer to develop their own
        texts and audiovisual training resources.
    B.   To the extent that these resources can be released for
        free reproduction and use by others, institutions are
        invited to make such resources available to other
        training organizations.
    C.   The National Training Center is prepared to serve as
        a focal point for making such resources widely avail-
        able, provided that copyright or other restrictions
        on reproduction do not limit availability of such
        materials.
        1.  Before encouraging cither training institutions
            to use such resources, elements of EPA will
            a.   Review the training resources to determine
                whether the instruction is consistent with
                existing laws, regulations, and Agency policy;
                and
            b.   Review the resource for technical validity
                and educational quality;
        2.  Materials found suitable by EPA would be recom-
            mended to other institutions known to be pro-
            viding this training.
        3.  In any case, all training resources referred as
            available for use by others will be added to the
            overall inventory listings cited in II,B,2,b, above,
                                                           9-7

-------
        It is hoped that a mutually supportive activity
        in this area will, in time, result in establish-
        ment of a diversified total resource system for
        training materials which will be of the highest
        technical quality, will offer training institu-
        tions a wide variety of types of training
        resources, and will reduce the amount of duplica-
        tion of effort that so often results from lack
        of information on what is available, from what
        sources, and how obtained.
9-8

-------
Part I.  Course Management

           —C.  Course Secretary: Records and Preparations

The key role of the office worker(s) designated "Course
Secretary" cannot be overemphasized.
This function has many elements, including, among others,
being the right arm of the Course Coordinator, being Course
Registrar, being Course Secretary, being a general factotum,
and being a "watchdog" to give the alarm when essential
milestone stages of course planning and preparation are
being overlooked.

Three elements of the overall secretarial records and
functions are considered in some detail here.
     1.  Course Records and Record-Keeping
     2.  Suggested Student Registration Procedures
     3.  Printed and Reproduced Material Required
         for the Course
AT.EMP.(164.1)9.9.74

-------
            COURSE RECORDS AND RECORD-KEEPING

    General Considerations
    A.  Complete, detailed, and accurate records should
        be established for each course presentation.  Each
        course record will be a separate file,  in addi-
        tion to the individual course files, it may be
        necessary to establish a finder-system for locating
        the records of individual students.
    B.  Response to Inquiries about Former Students
        1.  Students enroll in this course in order to
            acquire necessary knowledge and skills to
            perform the self-monitoring procedures required
            for municipal effluents.
        2.  In many, if not all cases, satisfactory com-
            pletion of this course will be a factor in the
            accreditation of individuals to perform the
            analyses and measurements required for com-
            pliance with NPDES Permits.
        3.  It is anticipated that numerous inquiries from
            former students and from regulatory agencies
            will be addressed to the training institution.
            Typical requests for information may include
            any or all of the following:
            a.  Verification of attendance and satisfactory
                completion of training;
            b.  Identification of the specific analyses
                and measurements covered in the course,
                as well as designation of the method which
                was taught;
AT.EMP.6.9.74                                       10-1

-------
        c.  Quality of student performance in the course;
        d.  Documentation of any specific analyses, tests,
            or measurements in which the student did not
            meet the required standard of performance, and
            the nature of such failure; and
        e.  Documentation of any other events which made
            the student unusual.  This could be a record
            of exceptionally high performance, or it could
            be a record of any specific difficulty which
            arose in connection with the student, within
            or outside the scheduled training activities.
    C.  Reports
        Most training institutions require submission of
        periodic reports on progress and achievements.  It
        is safe to predict that management or cognizant
        regulatory agencies from time to time will call for
        information not provided in routine reports.  If
        such demands are to be met, complete course records
        will be the most reliable source for such information.
    D.  Retention of Records
        The length of time course record files should be
        retained is uncertain, and must be determined by
        each institution.
        Institutions having a system of archives for in-
        active files may find it convenient to retain course
        records in active office files for approximately
        two years, then retire them to archives storage.
        Institutions not having archives storage probably
        should retain the complete file on each course
        presentation for at least five years.
10-2

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II.   Contents of Course Files
     A.   In the planning and development stage,  and until
         completion of each course presentation, course
         records are kept most effectively in two sections.
         These are:
         1.  A file folder, kept in the filing cabinet or
             in the desk of the Course Secretary; and,
         2.  A student record notebook, usually a 3-ring
             binder, kept on the Course Secretary's desk,
             or in a convenient bookcase.
         Both elements of these files should be maintained
         by the Course Secretary, and should be made avail-
         able to other staff members under rigid controls
         providing for direct examination and immediate
         return.  After completion of the course, the two
         elements of the course file can be combined in a
         single large file packet for future retention.
     B.   The file folder is best suited for such records as
         1.  Copies of all correspondence, memoranda, and
             records of telephonic conferences related to
             course planning and development;
         2.  Copies of course schedules;
         3.  Records of equipment and supply acquisition
             for the course, through purchase or through
             loan (with information and records on return
             to owner);
         4.  Records of staff assignments, classroom and
             laboratory reservations;
                                                     10-3

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        5.   Sample  record  copies  of  all  routine  informa-
            tional  material  sent  to  students  accepted  for
            training;
        6.   Copy  of course announcement;
        7.   Records of  arrangements  for  travel of  personnel
            and transportation  of equipment and  supplies,
            arrangements for field facilities, and other
            records pertaining  to a  field  course;  and
        8.   Course  evaluation commentaries by Course
            Coordinator and  other staff  members  as
            appropriate.
    C.   The  student record notebook  is best suited as  a
        vehicle for all records and  copies of communications
        related to  individual students.  This may  be
        organized effectively in  a 3-ring  notebook, con-
        taining separator  sheets  with alphabetical tabs.
        The  personal records of each student  will  be re-
        tained under the alphabetical tab  corresponding
        with his  last name.   In the  student record notebook
        may  be found:
        1.   At the  front  (before  the "A" of the  series of
            tabbed  dividers) :
            a.  A summary  sheet showing  record of  standard
               communications  with  each accepted  student
                (see sample), fees paid, etc;
            b.  A summary  sheet showing  record of  students
               who applied  for admission  but could not be
               admitted for lack of qualification, or due
               to  an already-filled class.   This  summary
10-4

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    also is used to identify applicants who
    applied for admission, who were admitted,
    and who failed to appear without due
    explanation ("no shows").
c.  A summary sheet recording student per-
    formance (acceptable or not acceptable)
    for each of the units of instruction in
    the course.  (Such a summary worksheet
    has not been developed at the writing
    of this Guide).
In the alphabetical section of the student
record notebook, each student's personal
record will contain such items as:
a.  The application for admission to training;
b.  Copies of all correspondence with the
    student, except for the routine local
    information sheets, one set of which is
    kept in the loose file folder;
c.  Record copies of student quizzes, data
    sheets, and other individual records of
    class performance provided by Instructor;
    and
d.  Documentation of any information about the
    student judged to be of possible future
    concern or inquiry.
                                             10-5

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        SUGGESTED STUDENT REGISTRATION  PROCEDURES

 I.   Introduction
     A.   Purpose
         Formal registration and enrollment procedures  are
         intended to  assure  that:
         1.   The  class  consists  of  students for whom the
             training is  intended and designed;
         2.   The  accepted students  meet minimum knowledge
             and  skills required for reasonable assurance
             of satisfactory completion of the  course;
         3.   Accepted students are  provided with adequate
             pre-training information so that they will
             make their personal arrangements and travel
             schedules  to assure arrival at the appointed
             time and place, with full  participation
             throughout the  program of  training;
         4.   The  size of  the class  is in accordance with
             the  course plan; and
         5.   Those not accepted  for training are provided
             with suitable advice which can lead to future
             admission.
     B.   Alternative  Approaches  to  Registration
         Three different  approaches to  registration are
         considered here, though only the first is described
         in  detail.   Most details of the second and third
         identified alternatives can be inferred through
         study of the first  alternative.   The three
         approaches considered are:
AT.BMP.7.9.74                                       11-1

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         1.   Registration by priority of receipt of
             application;
         2.   Registration by comparative evaluation of
             all applicants; and
         3.   Registration for special course offering at
             request of another organization.  Students
             are nominated by the requesting organization
             and are accepted without further evaluation
             of entry-level qualifications by the training
             institution.
II.   Alternative Registration Procedures
     A.   Registration by priority of receipt of applica-
         tion (recommended)
         1.   Applicant receives course announcement;
             a)   Completes application and secures internal
                 approvals as required in his own organization,
             b)   Mails application to registration office
                 of the institution conducting the training.
         2.   Course Secretary receives application, and as
             received,
             a)   Records application in registration
                 summary in front of student notebook;
             b)   Checks status of registration for avail-
                 ability of class space, and makes appro-
                 priate notation on the application or on
                 attached transmittal slip;
             c)   Delivers application to Course Coordinator.
11-2

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3.   Course Coordinator
    a)   Evaluates the student application and the
        space availability situation;
    b)   By notation on the application or on a
        transmittal slip, directs the Course
        Secretary to
        (1)  Accept the applicant, or
        (2)  Notify the applicant of closed class
            enrollment, or
        (3)  Refer the applicant to the "Basic
            Laboratory Skills" course before entry
            into this course;
    c)   For non-admissible applicants, prepares a
        special letter (or memorandum record of
        other form of communication with applicant)
        which sets forth the reasons why the appli-
        cant is being rejected.  Because of the
        compulsory nature of the self-monitoring
        tests on municipal effluents for NPDES
        Permit compliance, rejection of a bona fide
        applicant may be a very serious matter, and
        should be handled with care.

4.   The Course Secretary
    a)   Prepares a standard letter or special letter
        as directed, and obtains signature of Course
        Coordinator:
    b)   Places a file copy of the letter and the
        application in the appropriate place under
        the alphabetical tab section of the student
        record notebook;
                                              11-3

-------
             c)   Mails the original letter to the applicant,
                 and records the date of mailing in the
                 appropriate place in the summary records
                 at the front of the student notebook.
             d)   Approximately 30 days before the course,
                 mails to each accepted applicant a
                 standard communication, consisting of
                 (1) A form letter of welcome to the course,
                     including information on starting and
                     closing dates and hours of the course,
                     directions and how to proceed to the
                     classroom area, and related information;
                     and
                 (2) Local information helpful to outside
                     visitors, such as hotel/motel informa-
                     tion, local transportation and schedules
                     a schematic map of the area, and related
                     information.
             e)   Secretary 'records the mailing of the standard
                 packet on the registration summary sheet.
             f)   When applications are still being accepted
                 within 30 days before the start of the course,
                 the general informational material is included
                 with the letter of acceptance for admission.
             g)   On the first day of the course,
                 (1) Obtains a detailed registration card
                     from each student. (Some institutions
                     may dispense with this record, though
                     it can be of value in report preparation.)
                 (2) Prepares a class roster of those in
                     attendance, and distributes to class,
11-4

-------
                  staff, and keeps a permanent record copy
                  in course files.
            (3)   Records any "no shows" (applicants
                  accepted for training but who did not
                  appear) in the student summary record
                  sheet.

B.  Registration by Comparative Evaluation of all Applicants
    1.  The applicant receives course announcement;
        a)  Completes application and secures internal
            approvals as required in his own organization,
        b)  Mails application to registration office of the
            institution conducting the training.
    2.  The Course Secretary receives the applications, and
        a)  Records receipt of application in summary
            record in student record notebook;
        b)  Files application in student notebook;
        c)  Sends standardized letter acknowledging the
            application, and briefly explaining the regis-
            tration procedure, with assurance that decision
            on admission will be announced not less than 30
            days prior to start of the course;
        d)  Approximately 35 days before start of the course,
            delivers all applications to the Course Coordina-
            tor.
    3.  The Course Coordinator reviews and evaluates all
        applications, selects students to be admitted for
        training, and directs Course Secretary to send
        appropriate standardized letters and information
        packets as described in II, A, above.  Special note
        should be taken of the particular attention which
        should be given to rejected applicants.  See II, A.3,c,
        above.
                                                      11-5

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    4.  The Course Secretary sends communications and pre-
        pares records and student files as described in
        II, above.

C.  Registration with special course offering.
    Here a requesting organization has designated a student
    body which it wishes to have trained.  It is the duty
    of the training institution to provide the requesting
    organization with admission standards for the course.
    It becomes the duty of the requesting organization to
    screen its candidates for conformance to these standards,
    and to provide the training institution with the names
    of the students to be trained.  The requesting organiza-
    tion usually notifies the students.
    1.  For record purposes, it is best that students com-
        plete a course application form, though it will
        not be evaluated as in II.A,B, above.
    2.  On receipt in the training institution, the Course
        Secretary makes the necessary entries, showing
        record of receipt and class composition, files are
        kept in the usual way.  Approximately 30 days before
        the course, the individual standardized welcome and
        information packets are sent to students in the
        usual way.  The training organization follows its
        usual practices in preparation of records, rosters,
        and any other data required for records and reports.
11-6

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                PRINTED AND REPRODUCED MATERIAL

 I.  General Information
     A.  In addition to the student reference text, presentation
         of this course requires a number of forms, quizzes,
         worksheets, standardized letters, and administrative
         materials which are prepared in some numbers or which
         lend themselves to standardized format and style.
     B.  In the following summary pages, these materials are
         identified and supported with additional information
         on due date, the number to be prepared (for a class of
         18 students), and the ultimate fate of the materials
         in permanent course records.  Institutions offering
         this course may find it necessary to add to or to
         modify these standardized materials.  It is suggested
         that appropriate notation be made in the summary sheets,
         with samples or examples provided in the following
         pages.
     C.  A sample or example of each item listed (except the
         student reference text) is shown following the summary
         sheets.
         a.  Samples can be copied directly, if meeting require-
             ments of the training institution.
         b.  The examples are shown in recognition that a corre-
             sponding item probably will be needed by the
             training institution, but probably will have to be
             modified to fit the situation.
II.  Responsibilities for Printed and Reproduced Material
     A.  Course Coordinator
         1.  Reviews the administrative materials for con-
             formance to the requirements of the regulatory
             authority.
AT.EMP.8.9.74                                                12-1

-------
     2.   Makes modifications as necessary to the samples and
         examples provided in this Guide;
     3.   Decides upon any additional administrative documents
         or records needed, and designs a sample document; and
     4.   Provides the Staff Secretary with complete identifica-
         tion of material to be copied directly, to be modi-
         fied, and with sample of new material required for
         course administration.
 B.   The Instructors
     1.   Review all materials identified for the procedures
         for which they have instructional responsibility;
     2.   Make adjustments in the samples as required;
     3.   Design new supportive instructional material as
         required; and
     4.   Provide the Staff Secretary with complete information
         on material to be copied directly, to be modified,
         and with sample of new material required for student
         instruction.
 C.   The Staff Secretary
     1.   Receives from Course Coordinator and Instructors
         identification of existing materials, samples of
         modified and new material;
     2.   Adds to the summary sheets, in the appropriate loca-
         tions, the identifying information, together with
         the supporting information on due date, quantity,
         confidentiality, and ultimate fate of any new or
         revised material designed by Course Coordinator or
         by Instructors;
     3.   Reproduces, or arranges reproduction of, the needed
         course materials so that they will be available for
         use at the time and place required.
12-2

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III.  Special Warnings
      A.   All staff members should be particularly alert to
          adjustments in "Due Date" which must be made when
          the course is conducted in the field, in which
          training equipment and supplies must be shipped to
          the course site.
      B.   Preparation of these training materials is a potential
          source for great difficulty in course development
          and presentation.  Few activities in course planning
          and development require a greater amount of effective
          teamwork among all staff members.  The greatest
          problem here is one of timing.

          1.   All staff members must provide necessary infor-
              mation and samples of new or modified materials
              with adequate lead time to meet "Due Dates."
              The amount of lead time is not specified here;
              this will vary from one institution to another.
          2.   The Staff Secretary must be diligent in advising
              Course Coordinator and Instructors of impending
              logistic problems if delays occur in submission
              of materials, and must give prompt attention to
              printing or reproduction of needed materials
              when delivered by staff members.
          3.   The author of this guide ruefully confesses that
              the worst and most frequent breakdowns in this
              area usually  are the result of belated delivery
              of needed material from Instructional Staff to
              the Staff Secretary.
                                                          12-3

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                                       SUMMARY OF REQUIRED PRINTED/REPRODUCED MATERIAL
                                                                                                    13-1
Description
Administrative
Course Announcement
Application for
Admission
Standard Letter:
Acceptance
Standard Letter:
Full Class - Waiting
List
Standard Letter:
Referral to Basic
Lab Skills Course
Standard Letter and
Local Information:
Hotels/Motels,
Transportation/Schedu
Schematic Area Map
Registration Summary
Record
Trainee Registration
Card
Student Performance
Summary Record
Lesson
-
—
-
—
—
Le
-
-
—
When Needed
90 days before
course
90 days before
course
90 days before
course


30 days before
course
90 days before
course
First day
Final day of
course
Number to
be Prepared
Indetermi-
nate

100
100
100
100
1
20
1
Confidential
?
NO
NO
No
No
No
No
NO
No
Yes
Permanent
Record?
1 copy
No
No
No
No
1 copy
Yes
Yes
Yes
Renarks
Distribute to target
group 90 days before
the course.
Usually part of course
announcement. May be
a separate sheet.
Copies will show up
in student files.
Copies will show up in
student files.
Copies will show up in
student files

In Registrar's three-
ring notebook.


AT.EMP(164.1)8.9.74

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                                                                 13-2
SUMMARY OF REQUIRED PRINTED/REPRODUCED MATERIAL
Description
Classroom/Laboratory
Microbiology (MPN
Test #1


Test #2


Assignment Sheet
Lab Data Sheet





Simulated Lab Data

Summary of Student
Performance
Lesson


1 of 10


2 of 10


3 of 10
4 of 10





9 of 10

10 of 10

When Needed


Day 2


Day 2


Day 2
Day 2





Day 4

Day 5

Number to
be Prepared


20


20


20
50





20 sets

1

Confidential
?


Yes


Yes


No
No





No

NO

Permanent
Record?


Yes


Yes


1 copy
Yes





1 set

Yes

Remarks


Keep test papers, or
summary of scores with
one sample of test.
Keep test papers, or
summary of scores with
one sample of test.

One copy of each
student's data sheet
after completion of
lesson 10. Distribute
2 copies of data sheet
to each student.
These are sets of 8
simulated data sheets.



-------
SUMMARY OF REQUIRED PRINTED/REPRODUCED MATERIAL
Description
Cl as s room/Laboratory
pH Determination
Laboratory Results

Instructional Quiz


Suspended Solids
Data Sheet





Lesson


1 of 1

1 of 1



2 of 6





When Needed


Day 2

Day 2



Day 4





Number to
be Prepared


20

40



40





Confidential
?


No

Yes



No





Permanent
Record?


Yes

Yes



Yes





Reirarks


Keep data sheets or
summary of results .
Keep test papers or
summary of results and
dispose of test papers.

Keep one copy of each
student's data sheet
or a summary of class
results (Same as page
11-32 in Suspended
Solids BMP.
                                                                 13-3

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                                   THE   NATIONAL   TRAINING   CENTER

                                          CINCINNATI,   OHIO  45268

                                                         ANOUNCES A SPECIAL OFFERING OF THE FOLLOWING COURSE

                                   SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES:  BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS (COURSE #2)

                                                                            MAY 19-23; 1975
COURSE DESCRIPTION

     This course  is designed for the treatment  plant operator or technician who is required
     to monitor effluent discharges under a  National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
     (NPDES)  Permit, and who has had little  or  no previous experience in wastewater analysis
     or flow  measurement.

     Parameters included in this course are  BODc, pH, Fecal Coliform, Residual Chlorine,  Sus-
     pended Solids, and Open Channel Flow.  At  the  conclusion of this training the student
     will be  familiar with the standard test procedure for each parameter, will have performed
     each analysis, and will be able to use  a parshall flume or weir to measure effluent  flow.
     He will  also know what equipment and supplies  are needed in connection with each procedure.
                       PRE-REQUISITES

                           Participant should have ability to perform basic mathematical  calculations using both
                           whole numbers, fractions and decimals.  Self-Monitoring Procedures:   Course I - Basic
                           Laboratory Skills or equivalent experience 1s pre-requisite for the  course.
                                TUITION

                                     A tuition fee of $280.00  is required for attendance  at this training course.

-------
Excerpted from Federal Register
Vol No 38. No 228. Wednesday Nov 28. 1973

         PROCEDURE  FOR  PAYMENT

  Applications for direct training]courses con-
ducted  in  Cincinnati  and  Region' IV shall  be
completed  €->
                                                  a* -a r* co
                                                  co -s -•• 3
                                                    O O r+
                                                    r* 3 fl>
                                                    CD V> -»
38
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                                                    ills
                                                    i  s z
                I
            sfis
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                                                    SAMPLE
                SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES:

BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS  (Course 164.1)

                         5 Days

January 6-10, 1975                        May 19-23, 1975
This course is designed for the treatment plant operator
or technician who is required to monitor effluent dis-
charges under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
(NPDES) Permit, and who has had little or no previous
experience in wastewater analysis or flow measurement.

Parameters included in this course are BOD5, pH, Fecal
Coliform, Residual Chlorine, Suspended Solids, and Open
Channel Flow.  At the conclusion of this training the
student will be familiar with the standard test procedure
for each parameter, will have performed each analysis, and
will be able to use a parshall flume or weir to measure
effluent flow.  He will also know what equipment and
supplies are needed in connection with each procedure.
PRE-REQUISITES

Participant should have ability to perform basic mathe-
matical calculations using both whole numbers, fractions
and decimals.  Self-Monitoring Procedures:  Course I -
Basic Laboratory Skills or equivalent experience is pre-
requisite for the course.
TUITION - $280.00
July 1974
                                                    13-6

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SAMPLE
                                     COURSE  APPLICATION  FORM
                                                                                    SAMPLE
1.    Name of Applicant:
     Course desired:
                                  Mr.
                                 Miss.
                                      Mrs.  (last)

                            Course Title	
                                    Place
                             where  given_
     Previous Courses Attended:
                            Course Title.
                            Course Title.

                            Course Title.
4.   Sponsor or  Employer:
                                                             (first)
                                                        (middle initial)

                                                 Course No.	
                                                                           Dates.


                                                                           Dates.

                                                                           Dates.

                                                                           Dates.
                                                     (name of organization  or  firm)
5.   Mailing address of applicant:
     (if  different from  above)
                                           (city)
                                                           (street address)
                                                         (state)
                                                (zip code)   (telephone)
                                                           (street address)
                                           (city)

6.   Job Duties: (Briefly describe  your present  position)
                                                         (state)
                                                (zip code)    (telephone) "
7.

8.

9.
Education:

Experience:
Last  year  of  school completed
Total  years in wastewater treatment plant work
Student Skills  Checklist: This checklist must be  submitted  before Application can  be
                         processed
                                         signature of supervisor (where applicable)  title
                                         signature of applicant
                                                                               date
                                                                                         13-7

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                                        Name	-

                                        Employer	



                      STUDENT SKILLS CHECKLIST

To assist us in processing applications, please check YES or NO for each of the
following items:
                                                                YES     NO
   have operated a  laboratory gas burner	
   have operated a  laboratory hotplate/stirrer	
   have operated an  autoclave	
   have operated a  laboratory drying  oven	
   have used  a vacuum source to filter  liquids	
   have used  a dessicator	
   have weighed items on  an analytical  balance	
   have weighed items on  a  double pan  balance	
   have used  a graduate to measure  liquids	
   have used  a volumetric  pipet to measure liquids	
   have used  a graduated  pipet to measure liquids	
   have used  a pipet  bulb to fill  a pipet .	
   have used  mouth suction to fill a  pipet	
   have used  an inoculating loop  to transfer small amounts
   of  liquid	
   have used  disinfectant to sterilize a  lab  bench  work area .  .
   have poured  liquid  from a  container into glass  test tubes .  .
   have prepared media used  for  coliform tests	
   have used  chromic  acid to clean glassware	
   have operated a  laboratory safety shower	
   have operated a  laboratory eye washer	
   have operated a  fume  hood	
   have prepared manganous  sulfate solution	
   have made out labels for  bottles or reagents	
   have used  a buret	
   have used  starch as  a  chemical change  indicator	
   have titrated  one solution  against another to  a  color change
   end point	
   have recorded a  reading at  a  meniscus	
   have recorded laboratory data  in a  laboratory notebook  . .  .
   have entered laboratory  data on a  pre-printed form	
   have recorded information  about samples on  record sheets  .
   have located required  purchase information in a catalog
   of  laboratory equipment	
 I  have written  a  purchase order  for  chemicals  to be used
   in the lab	
 13-8

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                                                 Name	

                                                 Employer.
                                                             YES     NO
Volume  means  space occupied by a  solid, liquid, or gas.
mg/1  means milligrams per liter	
Normality  (N) is a way  to  express concentration  in  a
  solution	
1 Kilogram equals 0.001 gram	
1 inch equals  2.54  cm	
1000 ml  equals  1  liter	
85  times  4.1  equals  42.5	
7 minus  2 divided  by 0.02 equals 250	
3.26 rounded  to the  nearest tenth is  32.6	
84.55147 rounded  to the  nearest thousandth is  84.551 .
                                                                    13-9

-------
                                  (SAMPLE LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE
                                   FOR TRAINING)
                (Institutional Letterhead)

                                                 (Date)
To
Dear (Name):

A reservation has been confirmed for your participation in
the course "Self-Monitoring Procedures:  Basic Parameters
for Municipal Effluents," to be conducted at (address,
including building and room identification if pertinent).

Formal class activities will begin promptly at 8:30 AM on
Monday, (date) and the course will be completed by 3:00 PM
on Friday, (date).  Please arrange your travel schedule so
that you will be in the classroom at the start of course
activities on Monday and that you will not have to hurry
your departure on Friday.

Information about local travel, transportation, and local
hotels is enclosed for your assistance.  We believe that
you will wish to make your own hotel or motel reservations.

We look forward to seeing you at the course, and we will
do everything in our power to make this course a pleasant
and rewarding experience for you.

                               Sincerely yours,
                               (signature)
                               Course Coordinator
Note:  If something develops which makes it impossible for
you to attend the course, please telephone or write this
office immediately, in order that another applicant may be
admitted to the course in your place.  Please do not
arrange for a substitute without first getting~the approval
of this office.
                                                             13-10

-------
                                        (SAMPLE STANDBY LETTER)


                  (Institutional Letterhead)
                                                   (Date)
To
Dear  (Name):

We have received your application for admission to the
course "Self-Monitoring Procedures:  Basic Parameters for
Municipal Effluents," to be conducted at  (name of institu-
tion) during the period (date to date).

We would be most pleased to enroll you in this course, but
by the time we received your application, all available
positions in the class had been reserved.  As you may know,
we limit the class size to a fixed number in order to pro-
vide for the greatest possible amount of personal instruc-
tion during the course, and to provide each participant
with the greatest possible opportunity for actual practice
in the laboratory.

We have made a tentative reservation for you in the next
offering of the course, which is scheduled to be given
(dates).  If this will be satisfactory to you, please
write or call us within (number) days, so that we can
confirm your reservation.

In the meantime, we have placed your name on the waiting
list for the course dates which you requested.  If a
vacancy does become available, we will let you know immedi-
ately.

                                Sincerely yours
                                 (signature)
                                Course Coordinator
                                                         13-11

-------
                                      (SAMPLE LETTER OF REFERRA]



                  (Institutional Letterhead)



                                                   (Date)

To

Dear (Name):

We have received your application for admission to the course
"Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters for Municipal
Effluents," to be conducted at (name of institution)  during
the period (date to date).

Based on our review of your previous laboratory experience,
we consider that it would be very doubtful whether this
course would provide you with all the knowledge and skills
you will require to perform the self-monitoring tests and
measurements on your municipal wastewater effluents.

Accordingly, we are confirming your reservation in this
course, subject to your first satisfactorily completing the
course (title of "basic skills" course).  This course will
be conducted at (location)  (dates).  We have made a tentative
reservation for you to attend this course.  Please let us
know if you can attend this offering of the course.

If you must delay taking the course (name of "basic skills"
course) at this time, then it will be necessary to delay
your acceptance in the course which you have requested.

In the course (name of "basic skills" course) you will learn
many things not covered in the later course, including use
of the analytical balance, preparation and standardization
of laboratory reagents and culture media, care and mainte-
nance of laboratory supplies and equipment, and related tasks.

We are most anxious to help you learn to perform all the
tasks required for self-monitoring of your municipal waste-
water effluents.  Please let us know if you can come to both
courses.

                                 Sincerely yours,
                                  (signature)
                                 Course Coordinator
                                                       13-12

-------
                                                          (EXAMPLE)
       UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                    WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS
                    National Training Center
                     Cincinnati, Ohio 45268


TO:  COURSE PARTICIPANTS —


     We are looking forward to your participation in the course
"Stream Surveillance and Monitoring: Field Investigations and
Sampling Techniques (161.5)" scheduled for presentation at this
Center during the period September 9-13, 1974.  If you find you
cannot attend the course, please call us (513 684-8228).

     To assist your planning and preparation for this course,
the following items are enclosed:

     1. List of hotels and motels

     2. Information on local bus transportation and city map,
        (NOTE: If bus service is used to the Center, you must
        have exact fare of $.25 on boarding bus).

     On your arrival in the classroom you will be provided a
course manual and related materials.  Production schedules make
it impossible to mail manuals to you in advance of course date.

     The course will start at 8:30 AM on Monday, September 9
in Classroom B-56 and will close no later than 4:30 PM, Friday,
September 13.  At the conclusion of the course, a certificate
will be awarded the participants who have attended all sessions
and met the training objectives.  Please arrange your travel
schedule after closing exercises.   (Approximately 1-1/2 hours
should be allowed for travel from the Center to the airport.)

     Course involves considerable amount of work in the field,
which will take place "rain or shine."  Waders and hip boots
will be provided.  You should bring other appropriate clothing,
including raingear, in the event of rain during the field work.

     Mr. Charles E. Sponagle, of our staff, is serving as Course
Director and will be available to assist you in solving any
special problems you encounter while attending the course.

     Should you have questions or desire assistance in any way,
please do not hesitate to contact us.

                                    Sincerely yours,
                                    Harold L. Jeter
                                       Director
                                National Training Center

                                                        13-13

-------
              DOWNTOWN AND SUBURBAN HOTELS AND MOTELS
CINCINNATIAN HOTEL
6th & Vine Sts., 45202
Phone: 241-0180
Single $3.50 - $6.45
Double $8.60 - $10.75
Twin $10.75
222 Rooms
Meeting Room 1 - Capacity 25
TV, restaurant adjoining

EL RANCHO RANKIN MOTEL
521-5298 Beechmont Ave.f 45230
Phone: 231-4000, Rts. 50 & 125, 1-1/4 miles S.E.
Single $12.50, Double $15 - up, twin $15 - up,
Family plan, 127 rms, meeting rooms 5-
cap. 50-300, heated swimming pool and health club.
Kitchenettes, banquet rooms, 5 dining rooms, cocktail
lounge, bar

HOLIDAY INN - DOWNTOWN
8th & Linn Sts., 45203, Phone: 241-8660,
2 miles W., single $15, double $22, twin $24,
245 rooms, meeting rooms 4 - cap. 25-135
Swimming pool, TV, 2 dining rooms, and bars,
night club "Top of the Inn" (entertainment nightly)

MARIEMONT INN
6880 Wooster Pike, 45227, Phone: 271-2100,
Rt. 50, 17 miles E., single $11 - $14, double
$13 - $18, 53 rooms, meeting rooms 7 - cap. 150,
restaurant, TV, coffee shop, beauty shop, cocktail
lounge

NETHERLAND HILTON HOTEL
35 W. 5th St. 45202, Phone: 621-3800, single $17,
double $23, twin $23 and up, family plan, 800 rooms,
TV, meeting rooms 15 - cap. 70-1500, special Gov't.
rates - $13 single, $19 double

QUALITY MOTEL
4747 Montgomery Rd., 45212, Phone: 351-6000,
single $17, double $22, nearly new, nine-story,
TV, restaurant.  Gov't. rates - $13.50 single,
$18.50 - double.

STOUFFER'S CINCINNATI INN
150 W. 5th St. 45202, Phone: 721-8600, single $19 -
$22, double $25 - $28, twin $27, 462 rooms, meeting
rooms 11, cap. 50-550, swimming pool, cocktail lounge
sauna bath, color TV.  Gov't.  rates - $17 single, $23.50 double,


13-14

-------
TERRACE HILTON HOTEL
15 W. 6th St. 45201, Phone: 381-4000, single $19,
double $25, twin $25, family plan, 350 rooms,
meeting rooms 4 - cap. 75-400, color TV, special
Gov't. rates - $14 single, $20 double
NOTE:  We recommend you checking the rate at the time you make
       your reservation in the event there has been a price in-
       crease.

       These hotels and motels are listed for your information
       to assist you in planning for your accommodations during
       your stay in Cincinnati while attending our training
       course, and does not imply endorsement by the Office
       of Water Programs, Environmental Protection Agency.
                                                                13-15

-------
BUS STOPS &
 SCHEDULE
                                W ashingston

                                 a

                                 onl - Milford
Lv. Gov't.
Square
7:OO AM.
6: 57A.M.
7:35 A.M.
Bus No
28
26
28
Bus Stop
1
1
1
Arr.
Taft Center
7:2O A.M.
7:13 A.M.
7:5O A.M.
Lv. Gov't
Square
7:45 A.M.
8:20 A.M.
9:25 A.M.
Bus No.
28
26
28
Bus Stop
1
1
1
Arr.
Taft Center
8:00 A.M.
8:36 A.M.
9:4O A.M.
l;er h«»
1O:5Q A.M.
12:12 P.M.
12:47 P.M.

2:41 P.M.





28
24
26

28





Bus Stop
1
2
1

1





Arr. Gov't.
Square
11:15 A.M.
12:44 P.M.
1:O6 P.M.

3:00 P.M.





Lv. Taft
Center
3:16 P.M.
4:15 P.M.
4:40 P.M.
4:58 P.M.
5:12 P.M.





Bus No. Bus Stop
24
26
28
26
24





2
1
1
1
2





Arr. Gov't.
Square
3:5 4 P.M.
4:36P.M.
5: 12 P.M.
5:20 P.M.
5:47 P.M.





   1-Vlfi

-------
00
I
                                                              ROBERT  A. TAFT
                                                                LABORATORY
                                                              ALL VISITORS ARE
                                                              REQUESTED TO PARK
                                                              IN LOWER PARKING LOT
                        FT WASIilKfiTOM *

                      	_^^^J***"-«_-^—  ^^M^^^
                      COVINGTON. Ky.     OHIO

-------
                                                                                EXAMPLE
                             DOWNTOWN AND SUBURBAN  HOTELS  AND MOTELS
                    DISTANCE FROM
                                                                                     RATES

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

riu I hl_ I MI-

Cincinnatian*
Holiday Inn
*
Nether-land Hilton
Stouffer's Motor
Inn*
*
Terrace Hilton
El Rancho Rankin
Mariemont Inn
Quality Motel
1 LtHltK

7 miles
8 miles
7 miles
7 miles
7 miles
1 mile
2.5 miles
5 miles

City bus from Gov't. Square $ 7.50 $ 9.50
None 15.00 22.00
City bus from Gov't. Square 13.00 19.00
" " 17.00 23.50
» » " " " 14.00 20.00
SUBURBAN
Yes 12.50 15.00
Yes ** 11.00 up 13.00
Yes (5 or more students) 13.50 18.50
 * Convenient to bus
** Transportation provided for 8 or more persons.
                                                                                     13-18

-------
                                                     SAMPLE
                   Course Title
                      Dates
              REGISTRATION
INDIVIDUAL
WORD
REC'D
APPL.
REC'D
ACCEPT.
 SENT
  COURSE
INFO. SENT
                                                      13-19

-------
                                                          SAMPLE
                    WAITING   LIST
      INDIVIDUAL
13-20
WORD
REC'D
APPL.
REC'D
ACTION TAKEN

-------
                                                            SAMPLE
                          Course Title
                              Dates
Not Admitted
Lack of Space	    No Shows
                                                             13-21

-------
C
Id
a
2
Z
Ul
in
C
3
i
n
J
<
O
d
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d
ft
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3
J
I TRAINEE REGISTRATION RECORD 1
1 EPA- 166 (CIN). (Rev. 4.73) I
E
Z
3
D
a
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1
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3
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£
a
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(LOCATION OF TRAINING 1
31J.IJ. NOIJLISOdI
LOCAL RESIDENCE DURING COURSE
1
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H
a
2
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3
3
j

V
EMPLOYER CATEGORY
YEARS OF
PROFESSIONAL
EXPERIENCE
O
1-
PROFESSION OR OCCUP>
EDUCATION

"X" ONE ITEM IN EACH CATECORV ONLY
EPA
Dl
DHEW
DEPT. OF DEFENSE
OTHER FEDERAL*
STATE GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
FOREIGN GOVT
UNIV. FACULTY
UNIV. STUDENT
INDUSTRY
CONSULTANT
REGIONAL AGENCY
OTHER •
5HECIFY •
0-1 YEARS
2-4
S-7
B-1O
1 1-18
16-20
21 OR OVER
ADMINISTRATOR
BIOLOGIST
CHEMIST
CIVIC ORGANIZATION*
CONSERVATIONIST
EDUCATOR
ENGINEER •
GEOLOGIST
MICROBIOLOGIST
OCEANOGRAPHER
PHARMACIST
SANITARIAN
STATISTICIAN
TECHNICIAN
TREATMENT PLANT OPERATOR
OTHER •
SPECIFY •
HIGH SCHOOL NON-GRADUATE
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE
COLLEGE NON-GRADUATE 1-3 YEARS
COLLEGE NON-GRADUATE OVER 9 YEARS
BACHELOR DEGREE
MASTER DEGREE
DOCTOR DEGREE
OTHER (describe)





"X"




















































13-22

-------
ITEM
EPA
01.
DHEW
DEPT OF DEFENSE
OTHER FEDERAL
STATE
LOCAL
FOREIGN GOVT
UNIV FACULTY
UNIV STUDENT
INDUSTRY
CONSULTANT
REGIONAL AGENCY
OTHER


0-1 YEARS
2-4
8-7
8-10
11-15
16-20
21 OR OVER
ADMINISTRATOR
BIOLOGIST
CHEMIST
CIVIC ORG
CONSERVATIONIST
EDUCATOR
ENGINEER
GEOLOGIST
MICROBIOLOGIST
OCEANOGRAPHER
PHARMACIST
SANITARIAN
STATISTICIAN
TECHNICIAN
TREAT PLANT OPEF





HS NON- GRAD
HS GRAD
COL 1 -3 YEARS
COL OVER 3 YEARS
BACHELOR DEGREE
MASTER DEGREE
DOCTOR DEGREE



TUITION WAIVED
EPA
PAI D
WAIVERS REQUESTED



TALLY




























































TOTAL




























































1 EMPLOYER CATEGOF

•"mS
S OF
IONAL
ENCE



TJ
O
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m
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BY STA
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ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIF.
COLO
CONN.
DELAWARE
0 C
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KY.
LA
MAINE
MO.
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MICHIGAN
MINN
MISS.
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
N. H.
N. J.
N MEXICO
NEW YORK
N C.
N D
OHIO
OKLA
OREGON
PENN
R. 1
S. C.
S D
TENN
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASH.
W VA
wise
WYOMING








TE OR COUNTRY
MPLOYMEN T
TALLY



























































TOTAL



























































ILOCATION OF TRAINING
n
O
X
Ul
n
a
X
m
n
H
0
X
:OURSE MODERN
H
0
X
NO OF TRAINEES!
NIO
"-0
(COURSE TITLE
DATES
COURSE NUMBER I
13-23

-------
00
ro
U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY
                                      Wafer Programs Operafions
                                      NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER   CINCINNATI, OHIO
                                              This certifies that
                                                THOMAS JONES
                                         has  completed the course


                     Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters for Municipal Effluents (164.1)
                             i
                     and has  been judged proficient in the conduct of the following parameters:

                     Measurement of pH
                                                                        Instructor
                     Treatment Plant Flow Measurement


                     Fecal Coliform Determination


                     Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand


                     Measurement of Suspended Solids
                                               Instructor
                                               Instructor
                                               Instructor
                                                                        Instructor
                   Director. Notional Training Center
                               Course Director

-------
                                                         SAMPLE
TEST #1                           Name

EMP: FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Instructions;  Place an X in the spaces ( )  which correctly
apply to the statements made.  Unless otherwise instructed,
this is an "open book" quiz.

         Example:  The author(s) of the procedure used here
         for testing for fecal coliforms is/are:
         (x) Rocco Russomanno
         ( ) Audrey Donahue
         ( ) Charles Feldraann
         (x) Harold Jeter


1.  The test procedures described in this body of instruction
    may be variously known as the

         ( ) Standard Plate Count Method

         ( ) Multiple Dilution Tube Method

         ( ) Most Probable Number Method

         ( ) Membrane Filter Method
         ( ) MPN Method


2.  The purpose of the fecal coliform test is to determine
    whether

         ( ) The effluent from the wastewater treatment
             plant contains pathogenic  (disease-causing
             bacteria

         ( ) The bacteriological quality of the effluent
             meets requirements set for the plant by the
             State or other authorities

         ( ) The water is safe to drink

         ( ) The effluent water should be recycled through
             the treatment plant for further reduction of
             bacteria.

3.  To perform the fecal coliform test, measured sample
    portions are first delivered into

         ( ) Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth

         ( ) EC Broth

         ( ) Water Bath Incubator
         ( ) 35°C Air Incubator
                                                          13-25

-------
TEST #1 - EMP: Fecal Coliform

4.  Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth may be abbreviated
    as
        ( ) EC
        ( ) LST
        ( ) BGLB
        ( ) LLSTB
5.  EC Broth may be identified in abbreviated form as
        ( ) EC
        ( ) LST
        ( ) BGEC
        ( ) LLSTB
6.  After 24 hours, incubation in the first medium, the
    cultures are examined, and a "+" result reported if —
        ( ) growth occurred in the tubes
        ( ) gas was present in the tubes
        ( ) gas was absent in the tubes
        ( ) fecal coliforms were present

7.  Transfers are made from --
        ( ) tubes showing gas in the first medium —
        ( ) tubes not showing gas in the first medium —
    to  ( ) Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth
        ( ) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
        ( ) EC Broth
        ( ) Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth

8.  After inoculation of the sample into the first culture
    medium and incubator, the results are "negative" if —
        ( ) growth has not occurred within 24 hours
        ( ) gas has not appeared within 24 hours
        ( ) gas has not appeared within 48 hours
        ( ) gas has not appeared within 72 hours
13-26

-------
 TEST #1 - BMP: Fecal Coliform

 9.  After transfer from the first medium, the results are
     declared "positive" on the second medium if —
         ( )  gas has appeared within 1 hour
         ( )  growth has appeared within 24 hours
         ( )  gas has appeared within 24 hours
         ( )  gas has appeared within 48 hours

10.  Incubation of the tubes in the first medium is —
         ( )  in an air incubator set at 35°C ± 0.5°C
         ( )  in an air incubator set at 44.5°C + 0.2°C
         ( )  in a water bath incubator set at 37°C ± 0.5°C
         ( )  in a water bath incubator set at 44.5°C + 0.2°C

11.  Once the sample has been inoculated into the first
     culture medium/ the test for fecal coliform bacteria
     may require up to
         ( )  1 hour
         ( )  24 hours
         ( )  48 hours
         ( )  72 hours
         ( )  96 hours
                                                      13-27

-------
                                                     SAMPLE
TEST #2                             Name
BMP:  FECAL COLIFORM TEST
1.  The waterbath incubator is to be operated at
             ( )  35°C + 0.5°C
             ( )  35°C ± 0.2°C
             ( )  44.5°C + 0.5°C
             ( )  44.5°C ± 0.2°C
2.  The air incubator is to be operated at
             ( )  35°C + 0.5°C
             ( )  35°C + 0.2°C
             ( )  44.5°C 1 0.5°C
             ( )  44.5°C ± 0.2°C
3.  The autoclave is acceptable for
             ( )  sterilization of culture media
             ( )  sterilization of used cultures
             ( )  sterilization of dry glassware
             ( )  preparation of distilled water
4.  The autoclave is operated at
             ( )  35°C
             ( )  44.5°C
             ( )  121°C
             ( )  170°C - 180°C
5.  Disinfectant solution is used
             ( )  to rinse the hands after working with cultures
             ( )  to wash the laboratory bench at the beginning
                 of each day's work
             ( )  to sterilize used cultures before draining the
                 tubes for washing of the glassware
             { )  to wash the laboratory bench at the end of each
                 day's work
13-28

-------
Test #2 - BMP: Fecal Coliform
6.  Fermentation tube assemblies
         ( )  are used to prepare sample dilutions
         ( )  are used to contain culture media to demonstrate
             gas production from special culture media
         ( )  consist of a large culture tube with a cap and
             an inner, smaller, inverted glass tube.
         ( )  must be assembled from different components
             which are ordered separately
         ( )  are purchased as complete assemblies.

7.  Pipettes —
         ( )  are used to transfer a culture from one
             medium to another
         { )  are used to deliver a measured sample portion
             into a culture medium
         ( )  may be made of glass, copper, or plastic
         ( )  are sterilized in disinfecting solution
         ( )  do not have to be sterilized for use in the
             bacteriology laboratory.

8.  In deciding how large an incubator to buy, it is best to
    select
         ( )  the largest and most expensive one that the
             laboratory budget will permit
         ( )  one which has shelf space enough to accept the
             number of racks of new cultures to be inoculated
             on any given day.
         ( )  one which has shelf space enough to accept about
             three times the number of racks of new cultures
             to be inoculated on any given day.
9.  The inoculation loop —
         ( )  is used to inoculate a sample into the first
             culture medium in the fecal coliform test
         ( )  is used to transfer a culture from one culture
             medium to another
         ( )  should be made of 26 B and S gauge wire
         ( >  should be 4 - 5 mm in diameter
         ( )  may be made of any kind of wire, such as
             copper, platinum, nichrome, or iron.
                                                            13-29

-------
                                                   SAMPLE
BMP - Fecal Coliform

Lesson 3
ASSIGNMENT:  Same to all students


1.  Prepare 300 ml of EC Broth.
2.  Dispense the medium in 10-ml increments into the 25
    fermentation tube assemblies prepared in Lesson 4.

    a.  Use a 10-ml pipette for about half of the tubes.

    b.  For the remainder of the tubes, use a funnel-with-
        pinchcock assembly which the staff will have pre-
        pared for your use.  Make a note of this assembly
        as it is an easy way to dispense culture medium
        rapidly.  It is not necessary that the culture
        medium be delivered with great accuracy:  anything
        from 10-11 ml is acceptable.
3.  Give the culture medium to an instructor for steriliza-
    tion in the autoclave.
4.  Discard any remaining culture medium after preparing
    the 25 tubes of medium.
                                                        13-30

-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube  (MPN) Method
Sample Source   .V»*-<^
?-fc
>^
•4
*-*^





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
•\
-f
-4-
-*-
4-
+
4
— •
—
4-
—
—
-1
—
^
—
—
-^
— •
—





48 hr.













-t
	 	
^
—
—
—
•~—





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
-t-
-f
-f
-^
^V
-h
-h


—


— v
—











No.TuJjes
Positive





Code of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported by:
                                                     13-31

-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube  (MPN)  Method
               mmm ft M ft   .  ^^%|  V  ft _          M§^ 4^
Sample Source  t»\lV*^— MTHJt  H   Lab.  No<5 j
Station  H    Collection Date *|lV.  Time
         Received in LaboratoryJM^^M Test Started {Ot
                                        fiy .
         Remarks
                                                          J?M
ml sample
per tube
(.0
O.I
6.0\
O.oo\

tube
code
CLx
>
d
1
-O
5*
*
^
^
V
/o
^A-
/o
^
;JL,
>-<^
^->
;-o
M
?-uu-





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
—
-
H-
— ~
—
—
—
-^
—
—
—
— -
—
— •
— •
—
— -
— .
— -
— •





48 hr.
1"
—

H-
—
-\
—
—
•^
^
— ,
j^
-—
-^
—
—
—
—
—
— •





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
—

-V
—

—



















No. Tubes
Positive





         Code of Positive  Tubes:
         Fecal Coliforms:  	/100  ml  Reported by:
13-32

-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method

Sample Source W\ \'^^ X^X\fc\\  It Lab. No.
Station   j    Collection Date
                                    Time
Received in Laboratoryfrfl^ A^gM Test Started (Q'ty
                              By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
I.*
o.\
o.ov
O.OON

tube
code
IJ^X
Jlr
0
A
>-
«/ '
V
y
fy
V
/
\&s
t^
fy
^
fc
^if/
filr'
>-<^
+1
i^~^





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
-V
~t
*
-v
-V
^
+
-V
-V-
-V
-f
—
~*-
-\*
— •
—
-^
—
-^
—





48 hr.











~^
-t

—
—
—
-_
—
—





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
-v-
>
t-
T
•h
-t
>
4-
—
-v-

—
—
-v











No. Tubes
Positive





Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported by:
                                                       13-33

-------
                      FECAL COLIFORM TEST
              Multiple Dilution Tube  (MPN) Method
Sample Source.
Station   H    Collection Date
                                                    No.
                                              Time  ^*.tS*
          Received in Laboratory i^fl^M Test Star ted
                                        By
          Remarks
ml sample
per tube
*
^ A
0.6V
5 .oo\


tube
code
0^
fc
^r-
j^^f^
^, *24I/
^^L^^0fi
ts^





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
\
^
\
-V
^
-V
-+
-f-
	
-v-
^r
-V
-V
—
—
— •
—
-v-
—
-V





48 hr.








• —




• — •
-t-

^V

-t-






Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
-V-
-v
-^
-V
^S
-h
•V
-V-

r
H-
—
-V

—

-v

—
—





No.TuJjes
Positive





          Code of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN  Index
          Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported  by:
13-34

-------
        FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
                           ^	Lab. No.	
                                Time f''^  Apl
Sample Source
Station   {     ollection Date
Received in Laboratory//'** AyM Test Started/W A/M
                              By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
/«
O.I
o.oi
o.o* /

tube
code
*J
4-
c
4
4-

-------
                    FECAL COLIFORM  TEST
            Multiple Dilution Tube  (MPN)  Method
                                             Lab.  No.
Sample Source _,
Station   ^   Collection  Date///V/?V Time 9:5*>
        Received in Laboratory'««o A/M Test Started "•'/* A/M
                                       By
        Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1.*
a-/
0. O/
0. OOI

tube
code
/fU
£
c
«L
~e.
/a.
«
*;
^
•^
1^
1*
1 e.
Id
1 JL-
TL*s
*.£•
z c.
A-6
2 *~





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
+-
—
-*•
-
-
— .
•t-
—
—
-
__
^
—
—
-
„ „
^
^
_-
*-





48 hr.

-*•

—
—
—

•f-
—
—
—
—
—
~
—
^
—
—
—
—





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
~
— .
— .



•f-
—

















No. Tubes
Positive





        Code of Positive Tubes:    -    -    MPN Index
        Fecal Coliforms: 	/10.0  ml   Reported by:
13-36

-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source
Station
                                    Lab.
                                    Time /A'**
Received in Laboratory//'** A^M Test Started
                              By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
/'
0./
0.0'
o.a«/

tube
code
AX
(l-
e
4
JO
fks
fc
c
T
J
>,
/*x
/fi-
fe.
l4
(^
>^
-xt-
+**
M
^-JO





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
+
•V
4
+
^
•*-
4-
-V
4*
.^t,.
-^
—
-*•
-*
-
^
-
-
-
^





48 hr.










—
~

—
—
—
—
_
—
^





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
•V
•»•
-*•
+
•»-
-»•
4*
•*-
+
4*


4-












No. Tubes
Positive





Code of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported by:
                                                     13-37

-------
                  FECAL COLIFORM TEST
          Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Sourc.e
Station
                                          Lab. No.
                                               yD;00 AfM
      Received in Laboratory//.** APM Test Started //.'Zl A/M
                                    By
ml sample
per tube
/,
0.1
0..,
"•"/

tube
code
cu
(r
0
^


G-
c
3
^
/•^
l(r
(c
/ j(
gj^n
IAS
*-(r
t-<~
*-%
TLkx





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
-f
H-
V
4.
-A.
4-
4
4-
V
^>
•t
+
4
4*
4
4
4
4-
4*





48 hr.




aBBIWESESTi



















Fecal
ECB
24 hr.




ramiBBBMagg




t
•t
4
4
4
4-
•t-
4-
4-
•4-





No. Tubes
Positive
gBsasaaBgBOiiiniiii iiaiau



      Code of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN Index
      Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported by:
la-as

-------
            Summary Record  of Student Performance on MPN Tests
NAME OF ANALYST
                                     No. of Tubes Positive
                                                                       ,og MPN
  Total of logs
  Mean of logs
 Antilog of mean of logs
 (geometric mean)
                                                                         13-39

-------
                     INSTRUCTIONAL QUIZ

                           for the

       pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
                 Treatment Plant Effluents
SELECT ONE ANSWER


1.  The selection of the pH scale (0-14) is based on the:
    a. solubility of ions in water.
    b. formation of hydroxyl ions in solution.
    c. ionization constant for water.

2.  The pH concept was proposed by Sorenson (1909).  Instead
    of expressing hydrogen ion concentration in terms of
    molar concentrations he suggested:
    a. expression of such values in terms of their negative
       logarithms.
    b. expression of such values in terms of their
       dissociation solubilities.
    c. expression of such values on a scale from 0-14 units.

3.  A pH meter:

    a. measures electrical potential between two suitable
       electrodes.
    b. determines conductance of acids and bases.
    c. relates temperature to ion concentrations of aqueous
       solutions.

4.  The indicating electrode always:

    a. assumes a potential dependent on the pH of the
       solution.
    b. contains saturated potassium chloride solution.
    c. contains a glass membrane which is semi-permeable
       to aqueous solutions.

5.  The mechanism by which the glass membrane responds to
    hydrogen ion activity involves:
    a. absorption of hydrogen ions on both sides of the
       membrane.
    b. semi-permeability of the glass membrane for aqueous
       solutions.
    c. electrical conductance of the solution.
13-40

-------
 6.   The reference chamber of the pH electrode system should
     always be kept nearly full with saturated potassium
     chloride solution because:
     a.  the potential must be constant (+ 0.246 volt).
     b.  battery life is prolonged.
     c.  the electrode is less likely to be damaged.

 7.   The pH sensitive glass membrane dehydrates when removed
     from water and thus it is imperative that dry electrodes
     be soaked in:
     a.  buffer or water for several hours before use.
     b.  dilute acid to activate the electrode.
     c.  dilute base to activate the electrode.

 8.   In using a pH meter the instrument should be calibrated:
     a.  in the general range of the unknown solutions.
        Appropriate buffers can be selected (pH 4.0, 6.8,
        7.4 and 10.0).
     b.  in air.
     c.  in the laboratory.

 9.   Standard pH solutions can be most economically prepared
     by the use of:
     a.  formulas outlined in standard methods.
     b.  commercially available powder pillows.
     c.  commercially available pH standard solutions.

10.   Results obtained with pH meters are limited in accuracy
     to:
     a.  0.1 pH unit.
     b.  0.01 pH unit.
     c.  0.001 pH unit.
                                                        13-41

-------
                                      Name
                        LABORATORY  RESULTS
 SAMPLE
 Sample 1
 Sample 2
 Sample 3
 Sample 4
 Buffer 9
13-42
pH RESULTS

-------
                                    Typical  Laboratory Data  Sheet

                                                 for

                          TOTAL SUSPENDED (NON-FILTERABLE) SOLIDS, rag/liter

                          Name of Plant 	
STEP
B.2
B.2
B.2
B.2
C.4
E.I
E.8
H.6
1. 10
13
1.14
1.14
1.14
C.7
K.3
K.5
K.7
K.9
1.15
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Identification
Type (grab, etc.)
Date & Time Collected
Sample Collector
Filter Identification
Date & Time Analysis began
ml Sample Filtered
1st weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
2nd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (lst-2nd)
3rd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (2nd-3rd)
Final weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Weight of Filter* (g)
Find Difference (g) by subtracting
Line 14 from Line 13
Divide to 7 decimal places:
(line 15) difference (g)
(line 7) ml sample filtered
Multiply Line 16 by 1000 000
(move decimal point 6 places Rt.)
Round answer on Line 17
to nearest whole number
Analyst
SAMPLE



















SAMPLE



















SAMPLE
INS #1
GRAB
5/1/74 0900
Tom Sampler
WG2
5/1/74 1100
67:0
0.1426
0.1416
0.0010
0.0413
0.0003
0.1413
0.1293
0.0120
0.0001791
179.1
179 mg/1
Mary Analyst

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
•"Filter"  means  the  filter disc if a funnel type filtration assembly is used.
 crucibles are used  "filter" means the crucible containing a filter disc.
If Gooch
                                                                                     13-43

-------
        PART II.  INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEETS

For each Effluent Monitoring Procedure (commonly termed
"Emp" by instructors) in the Student Reference Manual,
there is an Instructional Package Worksheet in this Guide.
The Worksheet is for guidance to the instructor for develop-
ment of the subject matter covered in the course.

These Worksheets are not scripts.  The instructor will need
to make extensive and detailed preparation in order to
perform the assigned tasks effectively and efficiently.
The Instructional Packages do provide a perspective on the
background of each analytical procedure, lesson-by-lesson
learning achievement levels the students should attain, an
indication of available audiovisual and other instructional
resources, and a recommended course of action in pre-course
preparation and classroom/laboratory instruction.  With
each lesson are samples or examples of adjunct instructional
resources, such as special assignment sheets, student data
and data-summary sheets, quizzes (with school answers), and
samples of typical data the student might be expected to
consolidate for reporting.

Application of these Instructional Packages will help the
instructor to reduce the time required for planning and
organizing a strategy of preparation and instruction.  But
time and effort are required for physical preparations for
classroom and laboratory instruction; time and effort are
required for rehearsals of instructor performance in class-
room and laboratory.  These requirements never can be met
by such a Course Guide as this; ultimately the instructor
is the key person in assuring that the student acquires the
needed knowledge and skills.
AT.EMP.9.9.74

-------
Part II.  Instructional Package Worksheets

        —A.  BOD and Related Procedures
1.  FR stipulates the method described in Standard Methods
    (13th ed) p. 489.  No different BOD method is presented
    either by ASTM or in the EPA Methods Manual.
2.  The method permits dissolved oxygen determination either
    by the  (Alsterberg) modified Winkler method, or by means
    of a DO probe.

3.  In order to permit flexibility in application of this
    test in various treatment works, this course provides
    for DO determination both by the modified Winkler method
    and by a probe method.  Two variants on the probe method
    are available, one based on a Weston and Stack DO probe,
    and the other based on a Yellow Springs Instrument.

4.  This multiplicity of EMP's based on differences in
    instrumentation will not be practiced regularly.  It is
    included here to demonstrate the need for modifying
    existing "EMP's" when the local situation requires use
    of a different make and model of instrumentation than
    shown in the EMP provided in the model course.

5.  Under stipulated conditions, a permit-holder may be
    allowed to substitute the COD test for the BOD determi-
    nation.  It is recommended that those wishing to make
    this substitution consult with their own regulatory
    agency before making such a change.  In any case, it is
    recommended that the COD test be taught in another
    course, and not substituted for the BOD test in this
    course.
AT.EMP.10a.6.75

-------
                             A  PROTOTYPE  FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                             ROUTINE OPERATIONAL  PROCEDURES
                                          for  the


              WINKLER  DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN-AZIDE MODIFICATION
                                     as applied  in

                             WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                       and  in the
                            MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                            INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                                    Developed by the

                                National Training Center
                       Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                           Office of Water Program Operations
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency


CH.O.EMP. 2a.9.74


                                                                              14-1

-------
                               GUIDELINES FOR
                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Winkler Determination of Dissolved Oxygen-Azide Modification
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:
LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME:
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   The learner should know
   how to perform a dissolved oxygen test since  it is an integral  part of
   the five day biochemical  oxygen demand test which is required by the
   permit system.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  The learner must be able  to:
   1. perform basic mathematical  computations (addition, subtraction,
      multiplication and division)
   2. handle solutions of acids and bases safely
   3. boil water on a hot-plate safely
   4. understand the terms liter, milliliter, gram, milligram
   5. understand the term normality, to the extent that it is a chemical
      way of expressing concentration
   6. perform weighings on an analytical  and on  a trip balance
   7. use ordinary laboratory glassware such as  beakers, flasks,
      graduate cylinders, volumetric flasks, burettes, volumetric
      and graduate pipettes
   8. clean laboratory glassware
   9. prepare chemical solutions
  10. prepare a desiccator for use
  11. perform a titration (the emphasis should be on proper technique,
      rather than on the type of titration)
  12. use a Kemmer sampler and an APHA sampler
      NOTE:  These 12 skills may be obtained by  successful completion
             of Course I
                                                                       14-3

-------
    A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
       1.  Terminal  Behavior - The learner will  exhibit proper technique while
          determining the oxygen content of a sample of distilled water.

       2.  Conditions - The learner will  have the use of the attached EMP,  and
          all  chemicals and equipment listed in it.

       3.  Accepted  Performance - The use of proper technique in performing the
          test will  be judged by the instructor.

    B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
       1.  Available  Media
          a. Overheads dealing with general considerations about dissolved
             oxygen

          b. *Color TV tape showing the Winkler titration-azide modification

          c. *Color TV tape showing the sodium thiosulfate standardization

       2.  Suggested Media
          None
    C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
       1. Classroom - discussion of the importance of dissolved oxygen by
          the instructor (using overheads and XT-29)

       2. Laboratory - equipment and reagent preparation using the attached EMP

       3. Classroom - color TV tape showing the standardization of the sodium
          thiosulfate titrant

       4. Laboratory - standardization of the sodium thiosulfate titrant using
          the attached EMP

       5. Classroom - color TV tape showing the Winkler dissolved oxygen
          determination, azide modification.

       6. Laboratory - determination of the dissolved oxygen content of a
          distilled water sample using the attached EMP.

       7. Classroom - discussion of calculations

       8. Classroom - final discussion of the procedure
    *Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
     Office of Water Program Operations, National Training Center
     Cincinnati, OH 45268
14-4

-------
                            A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                            ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                        for the
                       DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN USING
                               A DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER
                                    as applied In

                           WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                     and In the
                          MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                           INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                                   Developed by the

                                National Training Center
                       Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                           Office of Water Program Operations
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
CH.O.do.EMP.2a.9.74
                                                                             15-1

-------
                                GUIDELINES FOR
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Determination of Dissolved Oxygen Using a Dissolved Oxygen Meter

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:

LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 1

ESTIMATED TIME:

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  The learner should know how
   to perform a dissolved oxygen measurement since it is part of the five
   day biochemical oxygen demand test which is required by the permit system.

ENTRY LEVEL OF BEHAVIOR:   The learner must have 1) the same entry level
   behavior listed in EMP CH.O.EMP.la.9.74, Winkler Determination of Dissolved
   Oxygen-Azide Modification, and 2) successfully completed the EMP mentioned
   in 1).

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will exhibit proper technique while
      placing the Western  and Stack Model  300 Dissolved Oxygen Meter into
      operation and using it to make a dissolved oxygen measurement.

   2. Conditions - The learner will have  the use of the attached EMP, and all
      equipment and reagents listed in it.

   3. Accepted Performance - The use of proper technique in placing the  meter
      into operation and  using it to make a measurement will be judged by
      the instructor.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES

   1. Available Media
      a. *35mm slides showing all parts of the Weston and Stack Model 300
         Dissolved Oxygen Meter.
      b. *Color TV tape showing the complete sequence of placing the meter
         into operation.

   2. Suggested Media - None

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
   1. Classroom - discussion of dissolved oxygen meters as an alternate  way
      of measuring dissolved oxygen.

   2. Classroom - showing of 35mm slides  of all parts of the Weston and  Stack
      Model 300 Dissolved Oxygen Meter.

   3. Classroom - color TV tape showing the complete sequence of placing
      the meter into operation.


       *Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
       Office of Water Program Operations, National Training Center,
       Cincinnati, OH 45268.

                                                                         15-3

-------
      4.  Laboratory  - placing the Weston and Stack Model 300 Oxygen Meter into
          operation including electrode cleaning, membrane installation, cali-
          bration, and use of the meter to make a dissolved oxygen measurement.
15-4

-------
                        A PROTOTYPE  FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                        ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                    for the

                    DETERMINATION OF FIVE-DAY  BIOCHEMICAL
                            OXYGEN DEMAND (BODg)
                                 as  applied  in

                        WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                  and  in  the
                      MONITORING OF  EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                      INSTRUCTIONAL  PACKAGE  WORKSHEET
                              Developed  by  the

                          National  Training Center
                 Municipal  Permits  and Operations Division
                     Office of Water Program Operations
                    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
:H.0.bod.EMP.2b.0.74
16-1

-------
                                   GUIDELINES FOR
                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Determination of Five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD5

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:

LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 1

ESTIMATED TIME:

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  The learner should know how
   to perform the Biochemical Oxygen Demand Test because It Is required by
   the permit system.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  The learner must have 1) the same entry level  behavior
   listed in EMP CH.O.EMP.la.9.74, Winkler Determination of Dissolved Oxygen-
   Azide Modification, and 2) successfully completed the EMP mentioned in 1).

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will exhibit proper technique while
      determining the five-day biochemical oxygen demand of a sample.

   2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of all  chemicals and equip-
      ment listed in the attached EMP.

   3. Accepted Performance - The use of proper technique in performing the
      test will be judged by the instructor.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
   1. Available Media
      a.  "Overheads dealing with general considerations  about biochemical
          oxygen demand.
      b.  *XT-54, The Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
      c.  *Color TV tape showing sample dilution and filling of a  BOD bottle.
      d.  *Revised color TV tape showing sample dilution  and filling of a
          BOD bottle.

   2. Suggested Media - None

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
   1. Classroom - discussion of the biochemical oxygen demand determination
      by  the instructor (using overheads and XT-54).

   2. Laboratory - equipment and reagent preparation  using the attached EMP.

   3. Classroom - Color TV tape showing sample dilution  and filling of a
      BOD bottle.


      *Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency, Office of
       Water Program Operations, National  Training Center, Cincinnati, OH 45268
                                                                         16-3

-------
4. Laboratory - setting up the BOD test (course length will  allow only
   a four-day test).

5. Classroom - discussion of the procedure.

6. Classroom (last day of course) - calculations of results  and final
   discussion.
16-4

-------
Part II.  Instructional Package Worksheets

 --B.  Hydrogen Ion Concentration
       1.  The FR issuance in Outline No.  1 of the manual
           does not stipulate an accepted method for pH
           determination.
       2.  The EPA manual "Methods for Chemical Analysis of
           Water and Wastes"  (1972) does list two references
           for agency-approved pH determination.  These are:
           a.  Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
               and Wastewater  (13th ed), p. 276, Method 144A
               and
           b.  ASTM Standards, Part 23, Water: Atmospheric
               Analysis, p. 280, Method D1293-65  (1970)
       3.  Both methods cited are electrometric procedures.
           Both require periodic calibration of the instru-
           ment against at least three buffer solutions of
           known pH.
       4.  Because of the wide variety of commercially manu-
           factured instruments available to the user, it is
           necessary that the step-by-step procedures taught
           in this course be adapted from the manufacturer's
           instructions for application to the instruments
           at hand.
       5.  There is no present indication of acceptance of
           any other approach to pH determination for com-
           pliance with Permit conditions, such as through
           use of colorimetry or by pH test papers.
 AT.EMP.lla.6.75

-------
                     A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                     ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                 for the

         pH DETERMINATION OF WASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
                             PLANT EFFLUENTS
                             as applied In

                    WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                               and In the
                   MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATER
                    INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                            Developed by the

                        National Training Center
               Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                   Office of Water Program Operations
                  U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CH.pH.EMP.2.in.7a                                                        17-1

-------
                                  GUIDELINES FOR
                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  pH Determination

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater Treatment
   Plant Effluents

LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 1

ESTIMATED TIME:  2 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS OBJECTIVE:  The learner should know how to set up,
   calibratef and use a pH meter for the pH determination of wastewater and
   wastewater treatment plant effluents.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:

A. Instructional Objective
   1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will determine the pH of several standard
      solutions and typical samples of treatment plant effluents.

   2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of the attached CH.pH.EMP.1.9.73
      and all chemicals and equipment listed in it.

   3. Accepted Performance - Acceptable technique in performing the test will
      be determined by the instructor.

B. Instructional Resources
   1. Available Media - XT-69 pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
      Treatment Plant Effluents

   2. Suggested Media -


C. Instructional Approach (Sequencing)
   1. Discussion of the various types of available pH meters by the instructor.

   2. Distribution of pre-instructional quiz to all participants.

   3. Discussion of the operation of a pH meter by the instructor.

   4. Showing of A/V unit XT-69 pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
      treatment plant effluents.

   5. Laboratory exercise involving set up, calibration, and use of pH meter.
      Learner will use two prepared buffer solutions for calibration and will
      determine the pH of two prepared buffer solutions and three typical
      samples of treatment plant effluents.
                                                                           17-3

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6. Critique of the laboratory exercise by the instructor.
7. Distribution of post instructional quiz to all  participants,
8. Review and grading of pre and post quizzes.
   17-4

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                                Supplement to
                        Guidelines for Instructional
                             Package Worksheet
                pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
                          Treatment Plant Effluents


OBJECTIVE:  This narrative provides the basic procedures for setting up pH equip-
   ment for the instructional sequence pH Determination of Wastewater and Waste-
   water Treatment Plant Effluents.  Methods for the preparation of buffer and
   sample solutions used in the sequence are also described.

EQUIPMENT SET-UP:   pH instrumentation for the sequence should be set up as
   follows:

   1.  All pH equipment should be set up in operation according to the specific
       instrument manufacturer's instructions at least 48 hours prior to use
       in the course.

   2.  The pH meters should be tested for accuracy and reliability by following
       the procedure in the EMP for calibration and use of the instrument for
       pH measurement.

   3.  Batteries used in portable pH meters must be new or recently checked with
       a volt meter to  insure they meet required voltage specifications.

   4.  Follow the step-wise procedure (D) Maintenance in the EMP to insure that
       the level of saturated potassium chloride is sufficient in the electrode.
   5.  If erratic needle movement is noticed, check procedure (E) Trouble
       Shooting in the  EMP.  If the trouble cannot be corrected, replace elec-
       trode with new one.

   6.  Periodically use the pH meter for the measurement of the pH of a known
       standard at least twice a day prior to the course.

BUFFER PREPARATION:  Buffer solutions can be prepared according to the formulation
   provided in the EMP.  A few crystals of thymol should be added per liter of
   prepared buffer solution to prevent bacterial growth.  An analytical balance,
   capable of measuring to the third decimal place, is required.  In the event an
   analytical balance is not available, commercially prepared pH packets may be
   substituted.

SAMPLE PREPARATION:  Treatment plant effluent samples are preferred for use in the
   laboratory.  If they are not available or are inconvenient to obtain, mixtures
   of buffer solutions  may be used as unknowns.
                                                                             17-5

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Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Buffer 4
Buffer 9
                                          Name
                           LABORATORY RESULTS
SAMPLE
pH RESULT
                                                                               17-7

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                              INSTRUCTIONAL QUIZ

                                    for the

                 pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
                            Treatment Plant Effluents

SELECT ONE ANSWER

1.  The selection of the pH scale (0-14) is based on the:

    a. solubility of ions in water.
    b. formation of hydroxyl ions in solution.
   (Q ionization constant for water.

2.  The pH concept was proposed by Sorenson (1909).  Instead of expressing
    hydrogen ion concentration in terms of molar concentrations he suggested:
   © expression of such values in terms of their nagative logarithms.
    b. expression of such values in terms of their dissociation solubilities.
    c. expression of such values on a scale from 0-14 units.

3.  A pH meter:
   (£) measures electrical potential between two suitable  electrodes.
    b. determines conductance of acids and bases.
    c. relates temperature to ion concentrations of aqueous solutions.

4.  The indicating electrode always:
   (ay assumes a potential dependent on the pH  of the solution.
    b. contains saturated potassium chloride solution.
    c. contains a glass membrane which is semi-permeable to aqueous solutions.

5.  The mechanism by which the glass membrane responds to  hydrogen ion
    activity involves:

   (3) absorption of hydrogen ions on both sides of the membrane.
    b. semi-permeability of the glass membrane  for aqueous solutions.
    c. electrical conductance of the solution.

6.  The reference chamber of the pH electrode system should always be kept
    nearly full with saturated potassium chloride solution because:

   (a) the potential must be constant (+ 0.246  volt).
    b. battery life is prolonged.
    c. the electrode is less likely to be damaged.

7.  The pH sensitive glass membrane dehydrates  when removed from water and thus
    it is imperative that dry electrodes be soaked in:

   (a^ buffer or water for several hours before use.
    ti. dilute acid to activate the electrode.
    c. dilute base to activate the electrode.
                                                                         17-9

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 8.  In using a pH meter the instrument should be calibrated:
    (T) in the general range of the unknown solutions.
        Appropriate buffers can be selected (pH 4.0, 6.8, 7.4 and 10.0).
     b. in air.
     c. in the laboratory.

 9.  Standard pH solutions can be most economically prepared by the use of:
        formulas outlined in standard methods.
        commercially available powder pillows.
     c. commercially available pH standard solutions.

10.  Results obtained with pH meters are limited in accuracy to:

    ©0.1 pH units.
     57 0.01 pH unit.
     c. 0.001 pH unit.
 17-10

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Part II.  Instructional Package Worksheets
  C.  Microbiology
      1.  The  FR issuance in Outline No. 1 of this manual
          offers two alternative methods for fecal coliform
          determination.  Both are found in Standard Methods
          for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (13th
          ed),  and are:
          p. 669: Fecal Coliform MPN Procedure
          p. 684: Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter Procedure
      2.  Between these two methods, as approved in the  FR
          Issuance of October 16, 1973, it is urged that, at
          least until further notice, the MPN procedure be
          taught.  The MF method in Standard Methods indi-
          cates a non-applicability of membrane  filter
          methods for chlorinated effluents; a clarifying
          issuance on this subject is expected in  FR in the
          near future at the time of printing this manual.
      3.  In teaching the MPN procedure, it is urged that
          the 5-tube multiple dilution tube method be used
          as given in the student guide, rather than one of
          the other combinations of tube plantings.
      4.  In some smaller plants, special permit conditions
          may allow, at least for the time being, use of the
          total coliform test instead of the fecal coliform
          test.  If the total coliform method is taught, it
          is suggested that the instructor communicate with
          the National Training Center for student instruc-
          tional materials and instructor guides.
 AT.EMP.12a.6.75

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5.   This course does not lend itself to instruction
    in both the MPN and the membrane filter method
    simultaneously.  The methods involve so much
    attention to detail for both procedures that in
    the time frame allocated, it is most unlikely
    that students will be able to meet instructional
    objectives for both procedures.

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                         A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                         ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                     for the
               COLLECTION AND HANDLING OF BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLES
                      FROM A WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY
                                 as applied In

                        WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                  and In the
                      MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                                Developed by the

                             National Training Center
                    Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                        Office of Water Program Operations
                       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
W.BA.sa.EMP.2.9.74
                                                                            18-1

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                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Collection and Handling of Bacteriological Samples
                 from a Wastewater Treatment Facility

LESSON NUMBER:   1 of 1

ESTIMATED TIME:  30 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  In his own working environment
   the student must apply the correct methods for collecting and handling a
   sample for fecal coliform (bacteriological) testing.  Failure to apply
   correct sampling procedures results in unacceptable data.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Admission to this course.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE

   1. Terminal Behavior:  The student will be familiar with the procedures to be
      used from any approved sampling point in the wastewater treatment plant,
      and with accepted procedures for handling samples until start of test.

   2. Conditions:  Classroom; lecture and conference

   3. Accepted Performance:  Attendance and participation in this session will
      be accepted as evidence of familiarity with the procedures and precautions
      applied to this subject matter.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

   Effluent Monitoring Procedure, in student reference manual, same title as
   this subject matter heading, and unassembled 2x2 slides.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH

   1. Lecture on "Collection and Handling" principles (allow 15 minutes)

   2. Discuss and orient the class to the use of the Effluent Monitoring
      Procedure in the student reference manual,  (allow 5 minutes)

   3. Question-and-answer session.  In absence of questions raised by class,
      instructor should pose several questions to the class as necessary to
      stimulate questions relating to the subject natter and its application
      to specific in-plant situations and as related to various systems for
      effluent analyses.
                                                                          18-3

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                       A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                       ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                   for the

                             FECAL COLIFORM TEST

                                   by the

                       MULTIPLE DILUTION TUBE METHOD
                                as applied In

                      WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                 and in the
                     MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                              Developed by the

                          National Training Center
                 Municioal Permits and Ooerations Division
                     Office of Water Program Operations
                    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
W.BA.EMP.2a.l0.74                                                         19-1

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                                GUIDELINES FOR
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Summary of Instruction on Subject Matter

LESSON NUMBER:  total 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  7:30

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  Fecal coliform test is accepted
   (required for large plants) among the mandatory tests for municipal  wastewater
   treatment plant effluents under the NPDES Permit System.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  General Educational Development at high-school graduate
   level (hereafter referred to as GED):  ability to operate steam pressure steri-
   lizer; ability to use laboratory balance in range to 50 grams, accuracy ±0.1
   gram; ability to use mouth pipette for sample delivery; ability to transfer
   liquid cultures with inoculation loop.  Successful completion of course "Basic
   Laboratory Skills for Municipal Treatment Plant Personnel" is acceptable.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare representative bacteriological
       culture media for MPN Fecal Coliform test; perform all laboratory procedures
       and record-keeping operations in testing treatment plant effluent samples,
       and report fecal coliform counts per 100 ml of sample in range 20-1,600,000.

   2.  Conditions - Classroom instruction and laboratory application.  Trainee will
       be provided with laboratory equipment and supplies designated in EMP "Fecal
       Coliform Test (MPN)."  Samples will be collected by staff.

   3.  Accepted Performance - As stipulated in individual lessons.  This will  range
       from acceptable scores in written (open-book) quizzes, homework written
       assignments, approval of instructor for laboratory techniques and intermediate
       points in test procedures; and final results within a designated limit of
       central tendency of overall class results.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
       Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MPN;11 "Standard Methods for the
       Examination of Water and Wastewater" "Current Practices in Water Microbiology."
       Pertinent issuances from Federal Register; numerous NTC slides and projectuals.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional objec-
       tive

       1.   Lessons 1-6 (incl) on second day of course       (4 hours)
       2.   Lesson 7 on third day of course (afternoon)      (1.5 hours)
       3.   Lesson 8-9 on fourth day of course (afternoon)   (1.5 hours)
       4.   Lesson 10 on fifth day of course (afternoon)     (30 minutes)
                                                                        19-3

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                                GUIDELINES FOR
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET

SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Overview of Test

LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  1 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   To orient the trainee on (1) the
   bacteriological testing requirements associated with the NPDES permit system;
   and (2) on the overall nature of the fecal coliform (MPN) test.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Admission to course.  See Overview Sheet, page 19-3.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will (1) identify the characteristics of the fecal
      coliform group which are used to differentiate them from the total coliform
      group; (2) identify the major steps in the fecal coliform MPN test; and (3)
      demonstrate familiarity with terms associated with the test procedure.

   2. Conditions - Classroom: quiz (open book, written, multiple choice, matching,
      completion).

   3. Accepted Performance - 90% correct score (recommend 80% if quiz is closed
      book)

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - Publications noted in cover sheet this subject.  EMP "Fecal
      Coliform Test."  Various projectuals available from NTC.

      Suggested Media - Assemble standardized series of slides and projectuals.
      Make new ones as required.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
      events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.

   1. Pre-lesson preparation:
      Be sure to have a supply of test #1 on hand.  Test provided here (note sample
      with answers on pages following) is suggested.  Sample (without answers
      marked) is in the section on secretarial preparations.

   2. Lecture/conference:
      a. Present NPDES testing requirements as per Federal Register
      b. Fecal coliform criteria under permit system
      c. Orient the class to use of this EMP
      d. Outline fecal coliform test; special reference to pages 2, 5, EMP
      e. Define and explain all pertinent terms.

   3. Quiz (open book)
      a. Administer the quiz
      b. Grade and review
      c. Collect for analysis of progress
                                                                           19-5

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TEST #1                                          Name


EMP: FECAL COLIFORM TEST


Instructions:  Place an X in the spaces ( )  which correctly apply to the statements
               made.  Unless otherwise instructed, this is an "open book" quiz.
               Example:  The author(s) of the procedure used here for testing  for
               fecal coliforms is/are:

                    x )  Rocco Russomanno
                      )  Audrey Donahue
                   (  )  Charles Feldmann
                   (x )  Harold Jeter


1.  The test procedures described in this body of instruction may be variously
    known as the

                   (  )  Standard Plate Count Method

                   (X)  Multiple Dilution Tube Method
                   (X)  Most Probable Number Method
                   (  )  Membrane Filter Method
                   (X)  MPN Method


2.  The purpose of the fecal coliform test is to determine whether

                   (  )  The effluent from the wastewater treatment plant
                         contains pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria

                         The bacteriological quality of the effluent meets
                         requirements set for the plant by the State or other
                         authorities

                   (  )  The water is safe to drink

                   (  )  The effluent water should be recycled through the
                         treatment plant for further reduction of bacteria.


3.  To perform the fecal coliform test, measured sample portions are first
    delivered into

                   (X)  Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth

                   (  )  EC Broth
                   (  )  Water Bath Incubator
                   (  )  35°C Air Incubator
                                                                     19-7

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4.  Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth may be abbreviated as
                   ( ) EC
                   (X) LST
                   ( ) BGLB
                   (X) LLSTB
5.  EC Broth may be identified in abbreviated form as
                   (X) EC
                   ( ) LST
                   ( ) BGEC
                   ( ) LLSTB
6.  After 24 hours, incubation in the first medium, the cultures are examined,
    and a "+" result reported if —
                   ( ) growth occurred in the tubes
                   (X) 9as was present in the tubes
                   ( ) gas was absent in the tubes
                   ( ) fecal coliforms were present

7.  Transfers are made from —
                   (X) tubes showing gas in the first medium --
                   ( ) tubes not showing gas in the first medium --
       to —       ( ) Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth
                   ( ) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
                   (X) EC Broth
                   ( ) Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth
8.  After inoculation of the sample into the first culture medium and incubator,
    the results are "negative" if —
                   ( ) growth has not occurred within 24 hours
                   ( ) gas has not appeared within 24 hours
                   ()() gas has not appeared within 48 hours
                   ( ) gas has not appeared within 72 hours
 19-8

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 9.  After transfer from the first medium,  the results are declared "positive"
     on the second medium if —

                    ( ) gas has appeared within 1  hour
                    ( ) growth has appeared within 24 hours
                    (X) gas has appeared within 24 hours
                    ( ) gas has appeared within 48 hours

10.  Incubation of the tubes in the first medium is --

                    (JO in an air incubator set at 35°C ± 0.5°C
                    ( ) in an air incubator set at 44.5°C ± 0.2°C
                    ( ) in a water bath incubator  set at 37°C +. 0.5°C
                    ( ) in a water bath incubator  set at 44.5°C + 0.2°C

11.  Once the sample has been inoculated into the  first culture medium, the test
     for fecal coliform bacteria may require up to

                    ( ) 1 hour
                    ( ) 24 hours
                    ( ) 48 hours
                    (X) 72 hours
                    ( ) 96 hours
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

1.  Score 2 points off for each wrong answer.

2.  Note that there are 48 blanks ( ).  Some will  be correct if left blank (  ),
    and others must be marked (X) to be correct.

3.  This gives each student 4 "free" points.
                                                                             19-9

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                                GUIDELINES FOR
                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Equipment and Supply Requirements

LESSON NUMBER:  2 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  1 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  In his own working environment the
   trainee will need to recognize, provide first-line operation and maintenance,
   and reorder (or request purchase of) replacement equipment and supplies used in
   the test.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAV-IOR:  Completion of Lesson 1, this series.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will  (1) identify equipment and supplies  used
      in the fecal coliform test (MPN); (2) identify specifications of equipment
      and supplies required; and (3) recognize the operational requirements of the
      equipment used in the test.

   2. Conditions - Classroom; written quiz (open book); multiple choice, matching
      completion.

   3. Accepted Performance - 90% correct score (80% if quiz is closed book)

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - CCTV cassette,  EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)" pp 3,4:
      A, 1-11

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)  - Step by step listing of instructional
   events and/or use of media required  to reach the instructional objective.

   1. Pre-lesson preparation:
      Be sure to have a supply of test  #2 on hand.  Test provided here (note
      sample with answers on pages following) is suggested.  Sample (without
      answers marked) is in the section on secretarial preparations.
   2. Lecture/demonstration
      a. Draw attention to EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" (MPN) pp 2,3; A. 1-11
      b. Use CCTV cassette to show and  tell items in detail
      c. Discuss any omissions in CCTV  cassette; answer questions
   3. Be sure to discuss quantity/size  requirements associated with testing pro-
      grams under minimum permit requirements.
   4. Quiz:  give quiz; grade and review; collect for analysis of progress.
                                                               19-11

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TEST #2                                        Name

EMP: FECAL COL IFORM TEST


1.  The waterbath incubator is to be operated at
                    ( ) 35°C + 0.5°C
                    ( ) 35°C ± 0.2°C
                    ( ) 44.5°C ±0.5°C
                    (X) 44.5°C + 0.2°C
2.  The air incubator is to be operated at
                    (X) 35°C ± 0.5°C
                    ( ) 35°C + 0.2°C
                    ( ) 44.5°C ±0.5°C
                    ( ) 44.5°C ±0.2°C

3.  The autoclave is acceptable for
                    (X) sterilization of culture media
                    (X) sterilization of used cultures
                    (X) sterilization of dry glassware
                    ( ) preparation of distilled water

4.  The autoclave is operated at
                    ( ) 35°C
                    ( ,) 44.5°C
                    (X) 121°C
                    ( ) 170°C - 180°C

5.  Disinfectant solution is used
                    ( ) to rinse the hands after working with cultures
                    (X) to wash the laboratory bench at the beginning of each
                        day's work
                    ( ) to sterilize used cultures before draining the tubes
                        for washing of the glassware
                    (X) to wash the laboratory bench at the end of each day's work.
                                                                     19-13

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6.  Fermentation tube assemblies

                    ( ) are used to prepare sample dilutions
                    (X) are used to contain culture media to demonstrate gas
                        production from special  culture media
                    (X) consist of a large culture tube with a cap and an inner,
                        smaller, inverted glass  tube
                    (X) must be assembled from different components which are
                        ordered separately
                    ( ) are purchased as complete assemblies.

7.  Pipettes —
                    ( ) are used to transfer a culture from one medium to another
                    (X) are used to deliver a measured sample portion into a
                        culture medium
                    ( ) may be made of glass, copper,  or plastic
                    ( ) are sterilized in disinfecting solution
                    ( ) do not have to be sterilized for use in the bacteriology
                        laboratory.

8.  In deciding how large an incubator to buy, it is best to select
                    ( ) the largest and most expensive one that the laboratory
                        budget will permit.
                    ( ) one which has shelf space enough to accept the number of
                        racks of new cultures to be inoculated on any given day.
                    (X) one which has shelf space enough to accept about three
                        times the number of racks of new cultures to be inoculated
                        on any given day.
9.  The inoculation loop --
                    ( ) is used to inoculate a sample into the first culture
                        medium in the fecal coliform test
                    (X) is used to transfer a culture from one culture medium to
                        another
                    (X) should be made of 26 B and S gauge wire
                    ( ) should be 4 - 5 mm in diameter
                    ( ) may be made of any kind  of wire, such as copper, platinum,
                        nichrome, or iron.
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:
Score 2-1/2 points off for each wrong answer.   (Some blanks correctly will  be left
blank, while others will be marked with "X" for correct answer).
There are 38 blanks.  This scoring system gives each student 5 "free" points.


19-14

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                                    GUIDELINES FOR
                            INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET

SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Media Preparation

LESSON NUMBER:  3 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  1 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   In his own working environment
   the trainee will be responsible for media preparation for this test.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  GED.  Ability to use balance, weighing up to 50 grams
   with accuracy within 0.1 gram; ability to measure distilled water with 1-liter
   graduated cylinder; ability to operate autoclave.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will  prepare 30 tubes of EC Broth, using
      commercially available dehydrated medium.   Based on knowledge and experience
      gained in this objective it is expected that the trainee will be able to
      prepare any other liquid media required for total coliform testing.

   2. Conditions - Laboratory:  Application.

   3. Accepted Performance - Approval  of instructor: prior to sterilization
      all  tubes of media should contain 10-11 of medium, instructor must become
      familiar with approximate depth of medium in tube in order to recognize
      acceptable amount.  (This does not require measurement for check.)

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)"

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)  - Step by step listing of instructional
   events and/or use of media required  to reach the instructional  objective.
   1. Pre-lesson preparations:  Have on hand, either at student-pair working posi-
      tions or at a conveniently accessible location in the laboratory the following:
      a.  Student assignment sheets on media preparation.
      b.  1 culture-tube rack per student.
      c.  4-6 balances, 0.1 gram sensitivity at load 150 grams.
      d.  Autoclave
      e.  1 beaker per student, 400-600  ml capacity
      f.  Culture tubes with fermentation vials,  caps; 25 per student.
      g.  1 10-ml pi pet per student
      h.  1 500-ml graduated cylinder per student pair
      i.  5 liters of distilled water
      j.  4-6 1/4-1b bottles of dehydrated EC Broth
      k.  Funnel assembly with length of rubber tubing,  pinchclamp,  ringstand;
         1 per student pair.
      1.  1 sponge and disinfectant per  student pair.
                                                                       19-15

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 2. Briefing.  Show visual aid demonstration of procedures for lessons 3,  4,  5.
 3. Instructor assigns each class member responsibility for media preparation.
 4. Trainees prepare medium in accordance with instructions in BMP, A.13
 5. Students secure instructor approval of product; turn medium over to instructor.
    Sterilization will be done by staff member; medium is retained for class  use
    on next two days.
 6. Trainees proceed to lesson 4, this series.
19-16

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EMP - Fecal Coliform (MPN)

Lesson 3



ASSIGNMENT:  Same to all students


1.  Prepare 300 ml of EC Broth

2.  Dispense the medium in 10-ml increments into the 25 fermentation tube
    assemblies prepared in lesson 4.

3.  a.  Use a 10-ml pipette for about half of the tubes.

    b.  For the remainder of the tubes, use a funnel-with-pinchcock
        assembly which the staff will have prepared for your use.
        Make a note of this assembly as it is an easy way to dispense
        culture medium rapidly.  It is not necessary that the culture
        medium be delivered with great accuracy:  anything from 10-11 ml
        is acceptable.

3.  Give the culture medium to an instructor for sterilization in the autoclave.

4.  Discard any remaining culture medium after preparing the 25 tubes of medium.
SPECIAL NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

Note that the preparation of 300 ml of culture medium will require an adjustment
of the amount of dehydrated medium described in the EMP.  Making this adjustment
will be a useful part of the learning experience of the students in the course.
                                                                         19-17

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                                   GUIDELINES FOR
                           INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Collform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Preparation of Laboratory Data Sheet

LESSON NUMBER:  4 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  30 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  Trainees will  have to prepare a labo-
   ratory data sheet ("bench sheet") for every sample tested in their own facilities;
   or to use some form of collective record.  Day-by-day records essential to per-
   formance of this test.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Completion of first three less of this series.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Given detailed sample source information and sensitivity
      range for the test, trainee will prepare laboratory data sheet for sample to be
      tested for fecal coliform count.

   2. Conditions - Laboratory: application.

   3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.  Planned sample volumes must span
      the pre-testing information given about the sensitivity range of the test to be
      performed.

   INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" B.3., 1.2.3.   Unassembled NTC slides,
      projectuals.


C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
   events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.

   1. Pre-lesson preparation: Have available in the classroom 2 copies per student
      of the data sheet.  Sample as it might appear after completion by student is
      on the following page.  The basic format of this sample is found in the
      secretarial preparations section.  It may be necessary to use a different
      data format in some States for compliance with mandatory forms used by the
      State in which the course is conducted.
   2. Provide preliminary briefing to class (See C., lesson 3)
      a. Draw attention to EMP, B.3., 1.2.3
      b. Show visual aids to illustrate preparation of data sheet.
      c. Provide background data to class for use in preparing  data sheet.
   3. Trainees prepare their individual data sheets.
   4. Instructor inspects data sheets; approves or calls for corrections.
   5. Upon satisfactory completion of data sheet, trainee proceeds  to lesson 5,
      this series.
                                                                            19-19

-------
NOTE: Each student will prepare two sample
data sheets.  One will be turned in daily for
inspection.
                           FECAL COLIFORM TEST
(SAMPLE)
                  Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
              Sample  Source tfu*fcl£ - E&M& Efttut*t  Lab. No.  14
              Station  M.    Collection Datey/IST  Time 10:50 A/M
              Received in Laboratory70:ffaftl Test Started
                                             By  K. Smith.
              Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1-0
0.1
6. oof
6.60?

tube
code
xi,
>
c
^
Jk
&
4
&
^'
-^
1**
/>
/e.
fA
1**
Z^
t.4-
Ze
l*L
z*.





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.

























48 hr.

























Fecal
ECB
24 hr.

























No. Tubes
Positive





              Code  of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN Index
              Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported by:
                                                            19-21

-------
                               GUIDELINES FOR
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Assembly and labeling of culture tubes

LESSON NUMBER:  5 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  30 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  This is an essential  feature of
   test performance; requires absolutely accurate sample identification and identi-
   fication of individual tubes in the test series.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Acceptable completion of lesson 4 of this series.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Given an accepted data sheet for a sample to be tested,
      trainee will assemble requisite number of tubes of lactose lauryl .sulfate
      tryptose broth in a rack in a designated organization, and will  label each
      tube in accordance with a code prescribed by the instructional staff.

   2. Conditions - Laboratory: application.

   3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor; tubes to be organized in rows
      as specified by instructor; labeled in accordance with code established for
      the use of the class.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" B.4, 5, CCTV cassette.


C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
   events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional  objective.
   1. Pre-lesson preparation:  Have available, either at student work  positions
      or at a well-organized table in the laboratory the following:
      a. 1 culture tube rack per student
      b. 20 tubes single-strength lactose lauryl sulfate tryptose fermentation
         broth per student.
      c. 1 wax pencil
   2. Briefing of class (See C. Lesson 5)
      a. Draw attention to EMP's Item B.4, 5
      b. Instruct class to proceed in accordance with instructions shown there
         and in Section VII.
      c. Draw attention to sample display chart of tube labeling.
   3. Class to label tubes
   4. Instructor to approve
   5. After all of class has finished lesson up to 5 of this series, go to
      class briefing for lesson 6.
                                                                      19-23

-------
                               GUIDELINES FOR
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Sample Inoculation and Associated Procedures

LESSON NUMBER:  6 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  1 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  This is the essential first-stage
   of the test-proper.  It must be performed by the analyst.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  GED;  Satisfactory completion of lessons 1-5, this series.
   Ability to use pipette for inoculation of bacteriological culture media.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will correctly inoculate sample portions into
      primary inoculation medium in volumes specified in the data sheet prepared
      in lesson 6, this.series.
   2. Conditions - Laboratory:  application.
   3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - CCTV Cassette demonstration.  Slides.  EMP "Fecal Coliform
      Test" part B., 6, 7, 8, 9.


C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)  -  Step by step listing of  instructional
   events and/or use of media required  to reach the instructional  objective.

   1.  Pre-lesson preparation:  Have available,  either at student  work positions
      or at a well-organized table in the laboratory,  the following:
      a.  Sample of "sewage treatment plant effluent,"  prepared as  follows:
         (1)  Collect fresh municipal  sewage from a  main  or from influent  into a
             wastewater treatment plant,  not less than 3 hours before class
             time.   Refrigerate until  class time; as class begins  --
         (2)  Deliver 0.3  ml  of the sewage into  2 liters  of sterile dilution
             water contained in a 4-liter bottle;
         (3)  Shake thoroughly,  and
         (4)  Deliver into individual  sample containers,  one per student,
             labeled with typical  information required of a sample.
      b.  2-3  1-ml  pipets,  sterile,  per  student
      c.  Pipet disposal jar,  per student  pair
      d.  1-2  99-ml  dilution  water blanks  per student
      e.  1  sponge  and disinfectant solution.
                                                                   19-25

-------
     2. Briefing
        a. Show audiovisual series.
        b. Draw attention to EMP B.6.7.8.9, covering assignment of this lesson.
     3. Distribute samples to class.
     4. Class performs steps outlined in EMP B.6,7,8,9.
     5. Instructor circulates in class constantly, correcting errors as noted.
     6. Trainees to place cultures in incubator.
     7. End of day's activity in coliform tests.
     8. Continue with lesson 7 after 24 = 2 hours incubation.
19-26

-------
                              GUIDELINES FOR
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coin form Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  24-hour procedures associated with the test

LESSON NUMBER:  7 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  1.5 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  This is an essential part of the
   test sequence.  It must be performed on a scheduled basis if the trainee is to
   perform a bona fide sample test.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  GED.  Satisfactory completion of lessons 1-6 of this series.
   Ability to use inoculation loop in making transfers of liquid cultures.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will  perform the steps outlined in EMP "Fecal
      Coliform Test" (MPN), C.I,2,3,4,5,6 inclusive.

   2. Conditions -  Laboratory: application.  Preliminary briefing in classroom.

   3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.  Instructor to circulate in
      class; observe and check reading of 24-hour results, recording of results,
      transfers to EC Broth.  Correct deficiencies on the spot.  All 24-hour
      positive results should fall into the same order of magnitude (not varying
      by more than +_ 3 tubes from a "norm."

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - Unassembled projectuals, 35 nm slides, CCTV cassette.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)  - Step by step listing of instructional
   events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.

   1. Have available at each class working position:
      a. Gas burner
      b. Inoculation loops, at least 1, preferably 2
      c. Discard basket for cultures
      d. Sponge and disinfectant
      e. Supply of EC broth prepared by students on previous day, and
         sterilized by staff.
   2. Class briefing
      a. Draw attention to EMP, Cl,2,3,4,5,6.  Instruct class to perform steps.
      b. Demonstrate procedures, preferably with CCTV cassette; use tape-slides
         otherwise.

   3. Class to perform laboratory procedures identified in A.I above.
   4. Instructor to circulate in class; observe, consult, correct deficiencies.
   5. Continue with lesson 8 after 24 ± 2 hours incubation.
                                                                          19-27

-------
                                   GUIDELINES FOR
                           INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET

SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal  Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  48-hour procedures associated with the test.
LESSON NUMBER:  8 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME:  30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   This is an essential  part of
   the test.  It must be performed 48 hours after initial  sample inoculation
   if a bona-fide test is to be performed.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  GED; Satisfactory completion lessons 1-7 of this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will  perform the steps outlined in EMP "Fecal
      Coliform Test" (MPN) D.l-6, inclusive.
   2. Conditions - Preliminary briefing in classroom; laboratory; application.
   3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.  Instructor to circulate in
      laboratory; special attention to reading and recording of results; proper
      disposition of discarded cultures.  Correct deficiencies on the spon.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" D.l-6, inclusive.  Unassembled
      NTC slides.  CCTV cassette
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)  - Step by step listing of instructional
   events and/or use of media required  to reach  the instructional objective.
   1. Set up student working positions  with discard baskets, inoculation loops,
      EC broth, sponge, and disinfectant.
   2. Class briefing
      a.  Draw attention to EMP D.l-6, inclusive.   Instruct class to perform steps.
      b.  Demonstrate procedures, preferably with CCTV cassette.   Secondarily use
         tape-slide sequence.
   3. Class to perform laboratory procedures identified  in A.I  above.
   4. Instructor to circulate in class;  observe,  consult,  correct deficiencies.
   5. Continue with lesson 9 after 24 ± 2  hours  incubation.
                                                                             19-29

-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source Ejf&j*i£ -fiSa*t &     Lab. No.
                                         JO:oo A/M
Station
               Collection Date
Received in Laboratory tO&ORfvi Test Started tc:
                              By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
to
^aassssssassfOE.
O.I
0.07
0.001





tube
code
/*x
4-
c.
^
Jt.
XL*
^
^
^
^*
/A-
7^-
/o
u
1&*
ZA*
It-
1C
id
t*-





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
+
•#•
•*•
+
•h
+
-h
—
—
•f-
_
—
+-
_
-
-
—
—
—
-




	 1
48 hr.













•*•
-
—
— -
—
„_
-
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
•f
-#•
•#•
+
+•
•4-
-f


-


+
-






i








No. Tubes
Positive





Code of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN  Index
Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 m]  Reported  by:
                                                   19-31

-------
        FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube  (MPN) Method

                             V  Lab. No.
         Sample Source
         Station  if-     Collection DateV^/^Time ft V-ST A/M
         Received in Laboratory* **° A/M Test Star ted /O;S* A/M
         Remarks
                                       By
ml sample
per tube
l.o
O.I
O. 01
o.ooi

tube
code
eu
b
c
d
t
Of
b
c.
d
A
to*
lb
tc.
id
/e-
20.
a^>
2c
id
2.4.





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
—
—
•+•
__
—
_
_
_
—
-
—
—
—
^ —
—
-
_
_
_
—





48 hr.
•^
_

•*
-
•*-
—
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
—
—
-





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
—

-f
—

—



















No. Tubes
Positive





         Code of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN Index
         Fecal Coliforms:     /100 ml  Reported by:
19-32

-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube  (MPN) Method
ft
                                    Lab. No.
Sample Source
Station   3    Collection Date //f*/7$!im&  9: 3d A/M
Received in Laboratory"20
Remarks
                          A?M Test Started
                              By l4t.J
ml sample
per tube
1.0
O.I
o.o/
O.OQI

tube
code
a
b
c.
d
-t/
*±
£
c
4.
&,
+*
/





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
+•
4-
4-
+•
•*-
f-
•f-
•f-
-f-
4-
•h
—
—
•f-
—
_
«.
__
«.
—





48 hr.











+
•f-

—
—
—
.^
«_
-





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
+
+
+
+
-t~
4-
+
+
—
+

—
~
•f











No. Tubes
Positive





Code of Positive Tubes:   -   -    MPN  Index
Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported  by:
                                                19-33

-------
                FECAL COLIFORM TEST
       Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN)  Method
Sample Source
Station   V
               2,7.
Collection Date
      /0-.2.Q
                                        Lab. No._£jT_
                                             9: *f A/M
   Received  in  Laboratory'    A^M Test Started'
                                  By  M t* J
   Remarks
ml sample
per tube
l.o
o.l
O.oi
6.601

tube
code
4*
b
c
d
JL
anauatg-qatu
&
b
C
4.
£
/«,
//>
fc.
id
/JL
20.
Z^
ic
Zd
IJL,





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
4-
+-
H-
4-
•h
MHB9BBDBE
•H
-h
^
—
-f-
-f-
^«
^
—
—
—
—
4-
—
4-





48 hr.




HBsaaa^B


—




—
*•

•*-

+-






Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
*-
.+-
-1-
•*-
•h
-h
4>
4-

•*-
-h-
»_
4-

—

-#•

_„
-





No. Tubes
Positive





    Code  of  Positive Tubes:    -   -    MPN Index
    Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported by:
19-34

-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source £U£uesd - Pltttd £   Lab. No.
Station   4    Collection DateY'V^rime
Received in Laboratory*

Remarks
_A/M Test  Started '!•_
    By  I4L J
ml sample
per tube
l.o
O.I
0.0 J
o.ooi

tube
code
4OS
b
c
d
e-
&
k
c^
±
a-
/a.
//>
/c
/^.
/^
*Q.
2L^
2.0
2c^
2.4-





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
—
—
—
-
—

_
_
^_
—
_
„»
••»
_-
—
—
_
-
—
-





48 hr.
—
•*-
•f-
—
^.
—
—
4-
-
-
__
—
—
—
—
—
—
__
—
—





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.

—
—

—




















No. Tubes
Positive





Code of Positive Tubes:
Fecal Coliforms: 	/100 ml  Reported  by:
                                                    19-35

-------
                     FECAL COLIFORM TEST

             Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method

         Sample Source £UJtuJtodb- Pfotct" *t   Lab.  No.  g"7
         Station  V     Collection DateV/7/Tgime I'-To

         Received in Laborator^'^^Al/M Test Started//•'/«
                               —— i       *        —
                                       By  ///. J
         Remarks
ml sample
per tube
/.o
o.l
O.OI
o.ool



tube
code
a,
£
C
cf
JL
a.
i
£
^
^r
/ft.
/^
/c
/
-------
            FECAL COLIFORM TEST
    Multiple Dilution Tube  (MPN) Method
Sample Source Epfattt&»t'-r£eu*t  /L   Lab.  No._
Station   3    Collection Date///V/7/Time /*: 3.6
Received in Laboratory^	A^M Test Started'^
                              By  rj L J
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1.0
O.I
0.01
o.ao/

tube
code
CL
h
c.
cL
JL
9.
6.
&
d
•£
leu
Ib
Ic.
Id
/JL.
20L
z6
ZC
^c^
2*.





Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
+•
+•
+•
+•
4-
•*-
•h
+-
4-
4-
—
-
+•
—
—
_
-
—
_
-





48 hr.










-H
—

—
— .
+-
—
4-
—
—





Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
4-
^»
-«-
-+•
4-
+-
4-
•+•
+-
+
—

4-


—

.-







No. Tubes
Positive





Code of Positive Tubes:-    -     MPN  Index
Fecal Coliforms:     /100  ml   Reported  by:
                                                  19-37

-------
                  FECAL  COLIFORM TEST
          Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN)  Method
      Sample Source ElU**Jl-Pjb*db  22.   Lab. No.
      Station  4    Collection Date//'tf/'7*fime /0:o°  A/M
      Received in Laboratory ' * * Aj/M Test Started/A'2°
                                     By
      Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1.0
O.I
O.o 1
o.o&i

tube
code

-------
                                   GUIDELINES FOR
                           INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Determination of MPN from Completed Data Sheets

LESSON NUMBER:  9 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  1 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  Analyst is required to report
   count per 100 ml of sample based on combinations of positive and negative
   tubes; as essential part of the test procedure.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  GED.  Successful completion  of lessons 1-8, this series.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will be able to compute the MPN per 100 ml
      of sample from tube results tabulated on a data sheet for total coliform
      test.

   2. Conditions - Classroom; application.  Trainee will work with simulated
      data sheets under instructor guidance; based  on this instruction the
      trainee will be able to perform a similar operation on the data sheet
      for the laboratory application of coliform test.

   3. Accepted Performance - Correct evaluation of  at least 5 out of 6 data
      sheets for the following factors:  a. number  of confirmed tubes positive
      for each group of 5; b. the correct MPN Code; c. the correct MPN index;
      and d. the correct MPN per 100 ml.


B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - NTC slides or projectuals.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
   events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional  objective.

   1. Have available a set of simulated data sheets for student exercise.  Sample
      set is in section on secretarial preparations.   Instructor should work out
      and mark on set of data sheets presented here the correct codes for positive
      tubes, MPN Index, and MPN per 100 ml.  This should be done prior to class.
   2. Lecture/demonstration of objectives of converting tube results to numerical
      results.
   3. Show audiovisual unit.
   4. Distribute simulated data sheets to class.
   5. Work through one simulated data sheet with class "By the numbers."

   6. Have individual class members work out the four elements in A.3, above.
                                                                            19-39

-------
7. Review results with class; have class grade simulated data sheets.
8. Collect papers for analysis of progress.
9. Give additional (home) work to trainees not meeting acceptable performance
   requirements.
 19-40

-------
                                   GUIDELINES FOR
                           INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET

SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Termination of test:  72 hours

LESSON NUMBER:  10 of 10

ESTIMATED TIME:  30 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  An essential  part of test, which
   must be performed by analyst.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  GED.  Satisfactory completion of lessons 1-9, this series.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will  perform the steps outlined in EMP "Fecal
      Coliform Test" (MPN) E, 1-5; F, 1-6; and G, 1.

   2. Conditions - Laboratory:  application.  Given, the culture which has been
      under study during the entire sequence of testing, the student will use
      the basic bacteriological  supplies and equipment to terminate the test and
      report results.

   3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.  MPN code should be within
      +^3 tubes of class "norm."  MPN index and MPN per 100 ml should be correct
      without tolerance for error for the code reported.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
      Available Media - EMP Fecal Coliform Test E, F, and G, inclusive, plus
      training guide materials cited at end of EMP.

      Suggested Media - Chalkboard, or  blank chart; for entry  of individual
      results of class into a composite table of results.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)  - Step by step listing  of instructional
   events and/or use of media required  to reach the instructional objective.

   1. Set up student working positions  with discard baskets, inoculation loops, EC
      broth, sponge, and disinfectant.                                       H

   2. Class briefing
      a.  Draw attention to pertinent portions of EMP
      b.  Instruct class to report final  MPN Code, Index, and Fecal  Coliforms/100 ml
         on chalkboard or blank  chart as provided.

   3. Class to perform procedures as assigned.

   4. Class to be reconvened  at  last for final  overview and  summary of  results.

   5. Final  questions and commentary on  test and  observations  of  class  performance.
                                                                           19-41

-------
                 Suruiury Record of Student Performance  on MPN Tests
NAME OF ANALYST
                                       No. of Tubes Positive
                                       ml / ml / ml  /ml
'Log iMPN
  Total of logs
  Mean of logs
Antilog of mean of logs
 (geometric mean)
                                                                           19-43

-------
                       A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                       ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                   for the

                FECAL COLIFORM TEST BY MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD
                                 as applied In
                       WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                 and in the
                      MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATER
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                              Developed by the

                          National  Training Center
                Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                     Office of Water Program Operations
                    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
W.BA.EMP.3.11.74                                                           20-1

-------
                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Summary of Instruction on Subject Matter

LESSON NUMBER:  total of 8 lessons      ESTIMATED TIME:  7:30

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  Fecal  coliform test is accepted
   (required for large plants) among the manditory tests for municipal wastewater
   treatment plant effluents under the NPDES Permit System.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  General Educational Development  at high-school  graduate
   level (GED): ability to operate steam pressure sterilizer; ability to use
   laboratory balance in range to 50 grams, accuracy +.0.1 gram; ability to use
   mouth pipette for sample delivery,
                                      or
   successful completion of Basic Laboratory Skills for Treatment Plant Operators
   (BLS-TPO).

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare representative bacteriological
       culture media for MF fecal coliform test; perform test laboratory procedures
       and record-keeping operations in testing treatment plant effluent samples,
       and report fecal coliform counts per 100 ml of sample in range 100-1200.

   2.  Conditions - Classroom instruction and laboratory application.   Trainee will
       be provided with laboratory equipment and supplies designated in EMP "Fecal
       Coliform Test (MF)."  Samples will be prepared by staff.

   3.  Accepted Performance - As stipulated in individual lessons.  This will  range
       from acceptable scores in written (open book) quizzes, homework written
       assignments, approval of instructor for laboratory techniques and inter-
       mediate points in test procedures; and final results within a designated
       limit of central tendency for overall class results.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
   1.  Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MF)11; "Standard Methods for the
       Examination of Water and Wastewater"; "Current Practices in Water Micro-
       biology"; Pertinent issuances from the Federal Register; numerous NTC slides
       and projactuals.

   2.  Suggested Media - NTC slides and projectuals must be organized in standardized
       series to be used with designated lessons of this series.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
   1.  Day 2 of course - Lessons 1 - 5 inclusive.       4.5 hours
   2.  Day 3 of course - Lessons 6-7                  1.5 hours
   3.  Day 4 of course - Lessons 8-9                  1.5 hours
                                                 Total   7.5 hours
                                                                      20-3

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                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET



SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Overview of Test

LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 9                 ESTIMATED TIME:   1.0 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:  In order to meet the basic self-monitoring require-
   ments for municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents, the student needs  to
   have information about (1) the bacteriological testing requirements associated
   with the MPDES permit system; and (2) on the overall nature of the fecal  coliform
   test using the membrane filter method.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Admission to training based on (1) successful  completion of
   "Basic Laboratory Skills" course; or through (2) satisfying the training
   registrar that the individual has adequate prior knowledge and skills to  give
   reasonable assurance of satisfactory completion of this training module.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will (1) identify the characteristics of  the
       fecal coliform group and the characteristics of the total coliform group;
       (2) identify the major steps in the fecal coliform membrane filter procedure;
       and (3) demonstrate familiarity with terms associated with the test organism
       and the laboratory procedure.

   2.  Conditions - Classroom: quiz (written; may be open book with multiple choice,
       matching, or completion answers.  See example quiz following this instruc-
       tional package worksheet.

   3.  Accepted Performance - Suggest requiring 90% correct score if  open book  quiz,
       80% correct score if quiz is closed book.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
   Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," various
   2x2 slides, projectuals available from the National Training Center.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
   1.  a. Before the course:  Approximately 30 days before the course, be sure  that
          quiz is composed (if prepared by instructor)  or that example quiz  is  in
          hands of Course Secretary for reproduction.

       b. Obtain supply of quizzes and review during last week before course.

   2.  Classroom instruction
       a. Lecture/confererence:
          (1)  Present NPDES testing requirements for fecal coliforms as given
               in Federal Register
          (2)  Discuss fecal coliform criteria under permit system
          (3   Orient the class to use of this EMP
                                                                      20-5

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       (4)  Outline the fecal  coliform test, with special  reference to
            pages 4 - 5 of the membrane filter procedure in the student
            reference text.
       (5)  Define and explain all  pertinent terms; answer class questions
            as they arise.

    b.  Quiz (recommend open book)
       (1)  Acirrinister the quiz; allow approximately 15 minutes.
       (2)  Grade and review the quiz; have students grade their
            own papers, giving discussions of answers as necessary.
       (3)  Collect quiz papers for recording of results and for
            anslysis of student problems/progress.
20-6

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    FECAL COLIFORM TEST (MF)         QUIZ

                                  Lesson  1

Instructions:    Place an X  in  the  spaces  (  ) which correctly apply to the
    statements made.   Unless otherwise  instructed, this is an "open book"
    quiz.
    Example;   The author(s) of the procedure used here for testing for
              fecal coliforms  is/are:

               (x)  Rocco Russomanno
               ( )  Audrey  Donahue
               ( )  Charles Feldmann
               (X)  Harold  Jeter

1.  The purpose of running  the fecal coliform test as an effluent monitoring
    procedure  is to:

        determine the extent of disease bacteria
        correlate it with chemistry analysis
        determine effluent  quality
        indirectly measure  chlorination levels
il
2.  The sample water which  passes  through  the membrane filter is:
    ( ) cultured for a  color  development
    ( ) delivered in a  series of measured volumes for analysis
        used to develop control plates
        passed to discard.
\ /
il
3.  Fecal  coliform colonies  are  recognized by their:
        characteristic  size
        ability to be seen under magnification of 10X or 15X
        blue or blue-tint colorations
    ( ) ability to continuously  give suitable colony densities.

4.  Fecal  coliform calculations  are made:

    ( ) to give fecal coliforms  per 100 ml of sample
    ( ) based upon the number  of blue colonies to blue-tinted colonies
        as a ratio
    ( ) based upon the 26 hour reading having subtracted from it the
        22-hour count of fecal coliforms
    ( ) by counting all  plates and using all counts for averaging.
    The flow sheet for the fecal  coliform test  (MF) indicates:
        blue or blue-tinted colonies are viewed before incubation
        colonies with blue or  blue-tinted colorations must have those
        without this characteristic subtracted from them
        that only a single sample volume is run for results
        that immediately after running  the sample volumes the fecal
        coliform colonies can  be  determined
il

il
                                                                       20-7

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 .6.  Fecal  coliform colonies are counted

         by averaging all  of the plates
         by use of a binocular dissecting  scope
         at 8-hour intervals
         only when the colony centers  are  blue


 Indicate whether the following are True  (T)   or  False  (F)

 7.  Fecal  coliforms have  an allowable temperature  range  of  1°C  from
     the desired incubation temperature.

 8.  Plates are incubated  in a spray of heated water.

 9.  The count made from each membrane directly gives the count  per 100 ml,

10.  MFC broth is a culture medium.

11.  Sample water passing  through the  membrane should have detectable
     fecal  coliforms.

12.  Fecal  coliform plates must be counted at the end of  each work day.

13.  The water bath incubator can vary over several  degrees  as long as
     it averages 44.5°C.
20-8

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                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Equipment and Supply Requirements

LESSON NUMBER:  2 of 9                  ESTIMATED TIME:  0.75 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:  In his own working environment the student will
   need to recognize, provide first-line operation and maintenance, and order
   (or request purchase of) replacement equipment and supplies used in the test.
   Furthermore, the student must learn the terminology of the needed equipment
   and supplies in order to follow instructions and perform procedures outlined
   in lessons following this.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Completion of lesson 1  of this series.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will (1) identify equipment and supplies used
       in the fecal coliform test by membrane  filter method; (2)  identify speci-
       fications of equipment and supplies required; and (3) recognize the
       operational requirements of the equipment used in the test.

   2.  Conditions - Classroom:  written quiz (open book recommended) using multiple
      • choice, matching, and completion type questions.

   3.  Accepted Performance - 90% correct score recommended with  open book quiz,
       80% correct score suggested if quiz is  closed book.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
       EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by the Membrane Filter Method," pp 6, 7,  8; to the
       extent readily portable, use the equipment and supplies used in the test;
       to the extent that equipment is not portable, it is  desirable that the
       instructor use slides, available from NTC.  Alternately, take class to
       laboratory for show-and-tell  instruction.

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
   1.  Pre-class:  Approximately 30 days before the course, be sure that  quiz is
       composed (if prepared by instructor) or that example quiz  is in the hands
       of the Course Secretary for reproduction.
       Obtain the supply of quizzes and review during the last week before the
       course.

   2.  Classroom instruction
       (1)  Draw attention to EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method,"
            PP 6, 7, 8.
       (2)  Discuss all  portable equipment and supplies by  a "show and tell" method,
            passing portable equipment through the class; for non-portable equip-
            ment, take class to the equipment.  Alternately (less desirable) use
            slides or CCTV cassette (not yet available at writing of this Guide).
       (3)  Be sure to discuss quantity/size requirements of equipment and supplies
            and how they interrelate with the  testing requirements with each Permit.


                                                                              20-9

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       (4)  Give the quiz.   Have students  mark  their own  papers after writing
            the quiz; marking of papers  to be associated  with question-and-
            answer procedures to clear up  any difficulty  shown up  In quiz.
            Collect quizzes for recording  and for  evaluation of student per-
            formance and evaluation of instructional efficiency.
20-10

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Test #2                                         Name 	


EMP:  FECAL COLIFORM TEST (Membrane Filter Method)


1.  For the fecal coliform test, the waterbath incubator is  to  be operated at

    ( ) 35°C +0.5°C
    ( ) 35°C + 0.2°C
    ( ) 44.5°C + 0.5°C
    ( ) 44.5°C + 0.2°C

2.  The autoclave can or should be used for sterilization of
    ( } Sample bottles
    ( } Filtration apparatus
    ( ) Dilution water
    ( ) Membrane Filter Culture Media

3.  The autoclave is to be operated routinely at
    ( ) 35°C
    ( ) 44.5°C
    ( ) 121°C
    ( ) 170 - 18C°C

4.  Disinfectant solution is used routinely in the  laboratory to

    ( ) rinse the hands after working with cultures
    ( ) wash the laboratory bench at the beginning  of each day's  work
    ( ) sterilize membrane filter culture medium for use in  the lab
    ( ) wash the laboratory bench at the end of each day's work

5.  Pi pets —
    ( ) Are used to deliver a measured sample portion into the  filtration
        apparatus
    ( ) Are used for preparation of sample dilutions
    ( ) May be made of copper, glass, or plastic
    ( ) Are sterilized in the disinfectant solution prior to use  in
        the bacteriology laboratory
    ( ) Do not have tc be sterilized for use in the bacteriology  laboratory

e.  In deciding how large a water bath incubator to buy, it  is  best  to  select  —
    ( ) the largest and most expensive one that the laboratory  budget will stand
    ( ) one which has enough space to hold the number of cultures to be
        incubated on the heaviest cay's work
    ( ) the one which has space enough to hold the  number of cultures to be
        incubated on ar. average day's work.
                                                                        20-11

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7.  The oven sterilizer routinely

    ( ) is routinely operated in the range 160 to  180°C.
    ( ) is routinely operated at a temperature of  121°C
    ( ) is used for sterilization of glass pi pets, sample  bottles
    ( ) is used for sterilization of membrane  filter  culture medium

8.  Items which are used repeatedly in the laboratory (pipets,  sample
    bottles, etc)
    ( ) should be purchased in quantities  providing an inventory of at
        least 3 times the normal  single day's  requirements
    ( ) should be purchased in quantities  providing an inventory of at
        least 10 times the normal  single day's requirements
    ( ) should be made of borosilicate glass
    ( ) may be made of soft glass if used  only once then discarded
20-12

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                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Preparation of culture medium

LESSON NUMBER:  3 of 9                  ESTIMATED TIME:  1.0 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:   In his own working environment  the  student  will  be
    responsible for media preparation and management for this test.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Basic laboratory skills; ability to  use  simple balance,
    graduated cylinder, pi pet.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare 50 ml  of M-FC  broth,
        commercially available  dehydrated medium.

    2.  Conditions - Laboratory application.  Staff will  provide  dehydrated
        medium, distilled water, and pre-prepared 1% Rosolic Acid solution  in
        0.2 N solution of NaOH.  Students will sterilize their  own  media.

    3.  Accepted Performance -  Approval of instructor.   Instructor  must  be
        thoroughly familiar with appearance of typical  satisfactory media,  and
        must be able to recognize visual evidence of omission of  such constituents
        as the rosolic acid solution, or evidence of gross  errors in  weighing.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
        EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," pp 14-15, slides or
        projectuals as available from National Training Center.

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
    1.  Before the lesson
        a.  Prepare 100 ml of IX solution of rosolic acid solution  in 0.2 N NaOh.
            This solution is not particularly stable; it may be kept  in  refrige-
            rator up to one week but is best prepared on day of the lesson.
        b.  Have available for  student use: balances, dehydrated  M-FC broth,
            empty dilution water bottles, graduated cylinder (50- or  100-ml size),
            1-ml pi pets, 400-600 ml beakers, electric hot plates.

    2.  During the lessen
        a.  Draw class attention to the EMP procedure on medium preparation cited
            in B above, pp 14-15.  Have class read the procedure.
        b.  Demonstrate procedure for weighing, mixing, and sterilizing  the medium.
            Use slides or CCTV  material to extent available.
        c.  Have class go to laboratory and prepare medium; each  student prepares
            medium for own use  for remainder of course.  Medium is  to be labeled
            with student's name and stored in refrigerator.
        d.  Instructor and instructor's assistant must circulate  among class
            constantly during this laboratory application.   Successful attainment
            of training objective for this subject is heavily dependent  upon
            preparation of an acceptable culture medium.

                                                                      20-13

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                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Preparation of Data Sheet

LESSON NUMBER:  4 of 9                  ESTIMATED TIME:  0.5 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:  The student will have to prepare a laboratory record
    sheet ("bench sheet") for every sample tested in his own facilities.   Day-by-day
    records are essential for performance of this test.  This lesson provides
    instruction in application of a useful system of bench records, but does not
    constitute instruction in a "universal" or required record system.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Completion of lessons 1 - 3 of this series.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal  Behavior - Trainee will  prepare laboratory data sheet  for effluent
        sample to be tested for fecal  coliform content.

    2.  Conditions - Classroom:  application.  Student will  be given detailed
        sample source and collection data, and sensitivity range of the test to be
        performed.

    3.  Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.  Planned sample  volumes must
        be such that the results will  span the expected range of fecal  coliform
        counts predicted under operational conditions.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
        EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," pp 16-17.  Projectual
        of typical data sheet, available from National Training Center.

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
    1.  Before the course:  Be sure that a supply of student data sheets  is prepared.
        See sample following this worksheet.  Blank sample is in section  on Secre-
        tarial Preparations.  Two copies of data sheet per student.

    2.  During the lesson:
        a.  Distribute the data sheets
        b.  Show a typical sample, with tagged information on sampling  data.
        c.  Using projectual (blank) write in the needed information based on
            sample tag information of a typical sample.
        d.  Give students the sample information on the sample they will  test;
            have them prepare two copies of data sheet.
        e.  Instructor and instructor-assistant must check each data sheet for
            correction cf any noted errors.
                                                                            20-15

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      FECAL COLIFORM TEST




Membrane Filter (MF) Procedure
Sample Type Lab. No.
Station
Collection
Received
Description
Date Time APM. Temp.
APM. Examined APM.
pH Observations

mis
filtered









Colony Count










Remarks









Results:
                                           20-17

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                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


  JBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

  «T OF INSTRUCTION:  Filtration Procedures

  ESSON NUMBER:  5 of 9                 ESTIMATED TIME:   1.25 hours

  USTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:   These procedures are essential  to performance of
   the test.  This lesson assumes that fecal  coliform counts will be within, or
   near to, the limits established for compliance with  NPDES Permits.

 NTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Basic laboratory skills; use of  pi pet, graduated  cylinder,
   forceps.

   INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will assemble the needed  filtration equipment
       and supplies at the laboratory bench,  and will make a predetermined  series
       of sample volume filtrations through membrane filters, place them in
       culture containers and incubate according to standardized methodology.

   2.  Conditions - Laboratory.  All equipment and supplies  will be available in
       the laboratory; some will be at the student work positions and some  will be
       organized at side-table  support areas.  Filtration volumes specified by
       instructor.

   3.  Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
   EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by  Membrane Filter Method," pp 17-21.  Slides as avail-
   able from National Training  Center.  (At a later date a CCTV unit will be
   available for demonstration  of this procedure).

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
   1.  Before the lesser:
       a.  Organize student supplies in laboratory.  To extent  convenient equipment
           anc! supplies for each student can  be organized at individual  work posi-
           tions.  However, instructor should expect to keep at least seme  of the
           supply items at side of room where students  can get  them.
       b.  Collect a fresh sewage sample.  Dispense 0.3 ml into a 2-liter volume
           of sterile dilution  water in a 4-liter container. Shake vigorously
           and dispense into individual student sample  bottles  which are of a type
           acceptable fcr standardized sampling.  Student samples should be tagged
           with information corresponding with that provided orally for  Lesson 4
           of this series.  Sewage sample should be collected not more than four
           hours before class time; dispensing to class sample  bottles should be
           at start of laboratory exercise.

   2.  During the lesson:
       a.  Demonstrate the step-by-step procedures for  organizing lab equipment
           and supplies at work position, preparation cf culture containers,
           labeling of culture  containers, sample filtration, and incubation
           procedures.

                                                                         20-19

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            This demonstration can be done "live"  but  Is  best done with  visual
            aids.  Slides illustrating the procedures  are available  from the
            National  Training Center.  CCTV will  be available later.

        b.  Class goes to laboratory, performs  sample  filtration  procedures as
            described and shown in briefing session.

        c.  Instructor and instructor-assistant must remain  in laboratory
            throughout this lesson, correcting  individual  student errors,
            evaluating performance, answering questions as they arise.

        d.  Instructor should maintain notes on class  performance for entire day's
            work, in  preparation for student evaluation report for the following
            morning and for course records.
20-20

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                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter  Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Colony Counting

LESSON NUMBER:  6 of 9                  ESTIMATED TIME:   0.75 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:   After filtration and  incubation,  it  is  essential
    that fecal coliform colonies be differentiated from  other colony types and
    counted.  It is also necessary that the analyst learn to select  which of a
    series of membrane filter preparations be selected for counting.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Completion of Lesson 5 of this series; use of binocular
    dissecting microscope.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will  remove cultures from incubator, position
        them under binocular dissecting microscope, provide correct  illumination,
        and will differentiate and count fecal  coliform  colonies  on  the membrane
        filter, entering report of colonies counted on the data sheet.

    2.  Conditions - Laboratory application following briefing and drill with slides
        in the classroom.

    3.  Accepted Performance - Student should obtain  at  least one membrane filter
        with fecal coliform colonies present in the range 20 to 60 colonies.
        Ideally, all students will obtain the above results from  the same sample
        filtration volume.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
        Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliforir Test by Membrane Filter Method,"
        p. 21.  2x2 slides available from National  Training Center.

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
    1.  Classroom
        a.  Have class read the procedure
        b.  Show slides showing acceptable microscope-lighting setup
        c.  Show slides with typical, atypical, and non-fecal ccliform  types;
            drill class on  recognition of various colony types.
        c.  To extent available show slides with evidence of common  problems or
            errors—overcrowding, inadequate culture  medium, flooding of membrane
            filter with medium, two or more colonies  in  contact,  effect of fibers
            on filter.

    2.  Laboratory
        a.  Class members court their own filtrations.
        b.  Instructor and  instructor-assistant circulates among  class  constantly,
            observing results,  assisting in interpretations, assuring that micro-
            scopes are being used correctly.
        c.  Collect one copy of data sheet from each  student.  Review for indications
            of similarities or dissimilarities cf class  results and  for student
            evaluation.
        d.  Return data sheet following day for use in lesson 9.


                                                                          20-21

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                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal  Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Filtration Procedures

LESSON NUMBER:  7 of 9                  ESTIMATED TIME:  0.75 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:   When a series of fecal  coliform  tests yields  results
    higher than the required levels for compliance with the  NPDES  Permit,  it  becomes
    necessary to adjust the filtration volumes in order to secure  determinate
    results.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Basic laboratory skills; completion of lessons 1  -  3 of  this
    series.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Trainee will  assemble the needed filtration  equipment
        and supplies at the laboratory bench, and will  make  a series of  sample
        filtrations through membrane filters, and place them in  the incubator.

    2.  Conditions - Laboratory.  All  equipment and supplies to  be available  in
        room, but not pre-positioned at student work positions.  Students  will  use
        the M-FC broth they prepared for Lesson 3 of this series.  Students will
        be given a sample which is assumed to have approximately 2000 fecal coliforms
        per 100 ml, and must determine suitable sample volumes for their tests.
        Students may obtain approval of instructor for sample volumes selected  before
        proceeding with filtrations.

    3.  Accepted Performance -  Approval of instructor.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
        EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," pp  17-21.
        Slides as available from National  Training Center.

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
    1.  Before the lesson:
        a.  Organize student supplies  in laboratory, not at  individual work positions
            in such a way that  students can select needed material and organize it
            effectively at work positions.
        b.  Not more than 4 hours prior to lesson, collect a fresh sewage  sample.
            Refrigerate until class time.
        c.  At class time, dispense 3.0 ml of the sewage into 2  liters of  sterile
            dilution water in a 4-liter bottle.  Shake vigorously.
        d.  Dispense into individual student sample bottles, tagged with sample
            data appropriate to an effluert sample.
                                                                            20-23

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      2.  During the lesson:
          a.  Provide student briefing on prior sample data  (approximately
              2000 fecal  coliform/100 ml);
          b.  Distribute  sample data sheets to students for  preparation of
              laboratory  records;  (two per student)
          c.  Students proceed to  laboratory,  perform tests  as  required.
          d.  Distribute  individual  samples to each  student-pair  at  start  of
              laboratory  exercise.
          e.  Instructor  and  instructor-assistant  must circulate  through class,
              correcting  errors, demonstrating proper techniques  where needed,
              answering questions  as they arise.

          With increasing confidence in their  work,  students will  start to ask
          questions about collateral issues associated with  fecal  coliform
          testing.   To extent feasible with laboratory work  at  hand,  instructors
          should be responsive to  any and all  questions related to the fecal
          coliform test requirements and procedures.
20-24

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                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Colony Counting

LESSON NUMBER:  8 of 9                  ESTIMATED TIME:  0.75 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:  Essential  to completion of Lesson 7 of this  series

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Completion of Lesson 7 of this series

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1. Terminal Behavior -  Trainee will remove membrane filter cultures  from
       incubator, assemble microscope and  lighting equipment, and will  count fecal
       coliform colonies obtained from filtrations in Lesson 7.  Counts will  be
       recorded on laboratory record.

    2. Conditions - Laboratory

    3. Accepted Performance - Each student should obtain at least one membrane
       filter with fecal coliform colonies present in the range of 20 - 60
       colonies.  Ideally, all students will obtain acceptable  colony density in
       essentially the same sample filtration volume.  In the final analysis, the
       instructor will have to decide whether the student has performed acceptably,
       or if further laboratory practice is required.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
       Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method"  p 21.

       Students may review slides used in Lesson 6 if necessary.

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
    1.  In classroom, have briefing on what is expected for the lesson.
    2.  Proceed to laboratory, have students work as independently as possible.
    3.  Instructor and instructor-assistant to remain in laboratory at all  times,
        answering questions, evaluating student performance.
    4.  After completion of colony counts, return to classroom  for Lesson 9.
                                                                           2C-25

-------
                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Fecal Coliform Count by Membrane Filter Method

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Determination of Fecal Coliforms per 100 ml

LESSON NUMBER:  9 of 9                  ESTIMATED TIME:  C:75 hours

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON:  Determination of fecal coliform count per IOC ml
    requires application of a calculation based on sample filtration volumes and
    numbers of fecal coliform colonies counted in Lessons 6 and 8.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Ability to solve problems in simple arithmetic; completion
    of Lessons 6, 8 of this series.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Given the colony counts and sample filtration volumes
        from Lessens 6 and 8 of this series, the student will  select the appro-
        priate membrane filter result(s) for reporting purposes and will calculate
        fecal coliforms per 100 ml, recording the results in the designated place
        on the data sheet.

    2.  Conditions -  Classroom.  Conference-workshop.

    3.  Accepted Performance -  Correct calculations reported to 2  significant
        figures.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
    EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method" pp 22, 23,  24.
    Projectuals of summary report form,  (two; one for Lesson 6, one for Lesson 8)

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
    1.  Have students read the instructional reference cited above.
    2.  Go over typical  problems created by instructor.
    3.  Have students make their own calculations based on their data from
        Lessons 6 and 8.
    4.  Have students report their calculations.   Get all  results for Lesson 6,
        recording on the projectual while showing on screen.  Use wax pencil or
        water-soluble ink;  this will permit use of the projectual repeatedly for
        future offerings of the course.
    5.  Analyze and discuss similarities of data; seek to determine reasons for
        any results which are markedly different from class norm.
    6.  Have students copy data summary for their own future use, possibly for
        personal practice in calculation of geometric mean, taught  in a  separate
        "EMP"
                                                                            20-27

-------
                         Summary Record of Student Performance
                        Membrane Filter Test for Fecal  Coliform
Name of Analyst
"    Fecal
Coliforms
i«w  100 ml
                                                                             20-29

-------
ST.EMP.2.4.74
                             A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                             ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                         for tne
                           CALCULATION OF THE GEOMETRIC MEAN
                                  OF COLI FORM COUNTS

                                        by the

                                  USE OF LOGARITHMS
                                    as applied in

                           WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                      and in the
                          MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                                    Developed by the

                                National Training Center
                       Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                           Office of Water Program Operations
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

-------
                                   GUIDELINES FOR
                          INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Geometric Mean

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Summary of Instruction on Subject Matter

LESSON NUMBER:  One lesson only

ESTIMATED TIME:  Two hours for those who have not had logarithms.  Thirty
   minutes for those who know logarithms.

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  The learner should know how to
   calculate the geometric mean of several fecal coliform counts to satisfy permit
   system reporting requirements for U.S. EPA Form 3320-1.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Ability to add a series of numbers and to divide the
   sum by a positive number.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will know how to calculate the Geometric Mean
      when using logarithms.

   2. Conditions - Trainee will be provided with the EMP, the only equipment
      needed since a set of logarithms (page 7-11 and 7-12) are included and all
      necessary instructions.

   3. Accepted Performance - Correct calculations of the Geometric Mean for the
      three practice problems given on page 7-13 of the EMP.  The correct school
      solutions are given below for the instructors use.

         GM (1,4) = antilog   [Tog 1 + log 4
                                     2

                   = antilog  |0.0 + 0.60206
                                     2
                                     -1
                   = antilog   J£.301p3]

                   = 2

         GM (1, 10, 100) = antilog  Flog 1 + log 10 + log 10o"|
                                    L          3           J

                         = antilog  R).Q + 1.0 + 2.ol
                                    L     3       J

                         » antilog

                         = 10
                                                                            21-3

-------
         GM (10, 10, 10) = antilog  [Tog 10 + log 10 + log lol

                         = antilog  [T.O + 1.0 + l.ol
                                    L     ^    J
                         = antilog  JT.OJ
                         = 10
   Additional problems that can be assigned by the instructor are:
         GM (1, 100} = 10
         GM (1, 9) = 3
         GM (188, 200) = 194
         GM (20, 484) = 98
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
   1. Available media - EMP "Calculation of the Geometric  Mean  of Coliform
      Counts by the Use of Logarithms" followed by step by step procedure
      through the EMP by the instructor.
   2. Showing of A/V unit (in preparation) of the same title.  Followed  by
      step by step procedure through the EMP by the instructor  at a  faster
      pace than 1 above or via self-instruction.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
   1. Discussion of the need for mastering the procedure
   2. Showing of A/V unit or
   3. Proceed through all steps in the EMP making sure that the example  on page
      7-13 is understood.
   4. Have the students independently  solve the practice problems on page  7-13.
   5. Alternative.  Instructor can work in class practice  problem GM (1,4)=  2.
      Then give one of the additional  problems without the answer.   Student
      should get the right answer.
D. SPECIAL INSTRUCTION
   1. Sometimes the calculation of the MPN leads to  an inequality.   For  example,
      °oe^esu!t C0u1d be the fecal  co1 iform count is  less than 2.0  (written as
      <2.0).   Another result could be  the  fecal  coliform count  is greater  than
      or equal  to 2400 (written as >2400).   The recommended  solution  is  shown
      by two  self explanatory examples.
21-4

-------
  GM (<2, 18) = less than 6     (<6)

     since GM (2, 18) = 6

  GM (>2400, 600) = greater than or equal  to  1200      (>1200)

     since GM (2400, 600) = 1200

If any fecal coliform count is zero then the  above  procedure does  not apply
since statement 2 on page 7-4 states,  "each count is  greater than  or equal
to one".  One way of handling this  problem is to arbitrarily assign the value
of 1 for each zero fecal  coliform count and then follow the usual  program of
action outlined above.  As an example:   GM (0,  0, 0,  16)  = G (1, 1, 1, 16) = 2
                                                                     21-5

-------
Part II.  Instructional Package Worksheets

   D.  Sewage Solids
       1.  Total  suspended solids  (nonfilterable) are
           covered in this instruction.  The methods cited
           in the FR issuance in Outline No. 1 of this
           manual are:
           a.  Standard Methods for the Examination of
               Water and Wastewater (13th ed), p. 537;
               and
           b.  EPA "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water
               and Wastes" p. 278  (1971)
       2.  Two variants are covered for this procedure,
           and are described separately in student texts.
AT.EMP.13a.6.75

-------
                       A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                       ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                   for the
                      DETERMINATION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED
                      (NON-FILTERABLE) SOLIDS, mg/liter
                                as applied In
                       WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                 and  in the
                      MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                              Developed by the

                          National Training Center
                 Municipal Permits  and Operations Division
                     Office of Water Program Operations
                    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CH.SOL.SUS.EMP.2a.6.75                                             22-1

-------
                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Summary of 6 Elements - CH.SOL.SUS.EMP

ESTIMATED TIME:  255 minutes excluding 210 minutes for dry-cool  periods

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  The learner will  be responsible
   for determining total  suspended (non-filterable) solids as mg/liter.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Learner must know how to weigh to 4 decimal places on an
   analytical balance, how to measure liquids with a pi pet and a graduated
   cylinder, how to work subtraction problems involving decimals and how to
   multiply and divide factors in a fraction.

A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
   1.  Terminal Behavior:   The learner will assemble the required  equipment
       (including 1 Gooch crucible and 1 membrane filter assembly), prepare
       glass fiber filters, determine and report completely dried, total sus-
       pended solids to the nearest mg/liter for an influent and an effluent
       sample and keep complete records of the sample and test data according
       to the EMP.

   2.  Conditions - being provided with classroom instruction, the required
       equipment, two samples, a copy of CH.SOL.SUS.EMP, two copies of data
       sheets as on page 14-32 and total working time of 150 minutes.

   3.  Accepted Performance - His techniques must be satisfactory  according to
       an Instructor's rating and his answers must be the same as  an Instructor's
       answers calculated from the same data.

B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
   1.  Available Media -  EPA "Methods for Chemical Analysis of .Water and Wastes,"
       EMP "Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter,"  equipment supplies,
       Seven Overhead Projecturals (re Federal Standards, filtration assembly with
       divisions of solids, definition of non-filterable solids, procedures listed
       on EMP page 14-5,  the data sheet on EMP page 14-32, assignment of volumes
       to be filtered, calculation formula), a 15 minute CCTV cassette, "Preparing
       the Filter Disc,"  a 13 minute CCTV cassette, "Procedure," copies of the
       data sheet on EMP  page 14-32, and example discs which would be rejected due
       to irregularities  showing up during disc preparation.

   2.  Suggested Media -  None

C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH:

   The method presented in the Effluent Monitoring Procedure (EMP) is according to
   the EPA Methods Manual.  Two types of filtration assemblies are given in that
   reference - the membrane filter holder with funnel and the Gooch crucible with
   adapter.
                                                                           22-3

-------
Accordingly, the EMP procedure is written with information about using both
these assemblies and this Instructional Package Worksheet (IPW) contains plans
for instructing students in techniques for using both.

There is a second reason for presenting the two filtration assemblies to the
student.  Current legislation regarding secondary treatment not only specifies
a limit for suspended solids concentration in effluents (mean up to 30 mg/1
for a 30 day collection period, mean up to 45 mg/1 for a 7 day collection
period) but it also specifies an 85 percent removal of solids to be calculated
by comparing the means of influent and effluent samples from a 30 day collection
period.  Accordingly, the IPW presents plans for instruction where the student
does two suspended solids determinations - one on an influent sample
and  one  on  an  effluent  sample.   The  results  are  used  later  in
the Course for instruction on reporting data.  To facilitate filtering sample
volumes approaching 100 ml, the membrane filter assembly with a larger glass
fiber disc is used for the influent sample and the smaller Gooch crucible is
used for the effluent sample.

In the student's EMP, the step sequence for the suspended solids procedure is
given in the second column.  When additional information is required in the
third column because of slight stepwise differences in handling the two types
of filter holders, notes on the Gooch crucible are given first and then the
notes on the membrane filter assembly.  The third column also contains additional
information on procedural steps which apply regardless of the type of filter
holder used.  The Instructor should explain this order in the third column of the
EMP to the students.  When the student is using the membrane filter assembly, he
should disregard notes beginning with, "If a Gooch crucible is being used	"
and he should use al]_ other notes in the third column.  When the student is using
a Gooch crucible assembly, he should disregard notes beginning with, "If a
membrane filter holder is being used	" and he should use all other notes in the
third column.

On the CCTV Tapes, the techniques are demonstrated all the way through using a
membrane filter holder, then all the way through using a Gooch crucible assembly.
Even if the Instructor chooses to present only one of the assemblies, it is
strongly recommended that the CCTV Tapes be used.  Since the tasks are the same
regardless of the type of filter support used, the student would see the series
of tasks twice.  He would see that more than one filter assembly can be used.
He would also better recognize which notes in the third column of his EMP apply
to the filter assembly he is using.  The Instructor should explain all this when
introducing the tape segments and should tell the student if he will be using
just one of the assemblies.

The calculation section of the EMP deals with calculating the mg/liter of sus-
pended solids found in each sample analyzed by the student.   The calculation
using these mg/liter results for an influent and an effluent sample to deter-
mine percent removal is presented on the fifth day of the Course, using the EMP
on "Reporting of Self-Monitoring Data".

1.  Preparation for Instruction:(to be done before fourth day of Course)
    a.  Make an alphabetical list of crucibles to be used along with their
        weights to nearest 0.1 gram and post by balances.

    b.  Have desiccant in usable condition.
22-4

-------
    c.  Prepare (rinse-dry-cool)  enough  discs  to  fit membrane filter
        assemblies and enough Gooch  crucibles  with discs to  supply
        class.   Keep discs that should be  rejected to  show to class.
    d.  Obtain  influent and effluent samples for  class.  Determine sample
        volume  to assign for each so dried residue weighs more  than 0.0025
        grams.   Label  the samples, including information required on  the
        data sheet (p. 14-32).
    e.  Use list of equipment on  pp.  14-6  and  14-7 to  supply laboratory
        stations for each student.
    f.  Duplicate two copies for  each student  of  data  sheet, EMP p. 14-32.

2.  Sequencing:
    a.  On fourth day of Course:
        1)  Lesson one - 65 minutes
        2)  Break
        3)  Lesson two - 85 minutes
        4)  Lunch and/or some other  activity during 80 minute (minimum)
            dry-cool  period.
        5)  Lesson three - 30 minutes
        6)  Some other activity during 35  minutes (minimum)  of  a 50 minute
            dry-cool  period.
        7)  Lesson four - 45 minutes
        8)  Lesson five - 15 minutes
    b.  On fifth day of Course:
        1)  Students turn in two  completed data sheets (EMP  p.  14-32) at
            beginning of class  day.   Check entries and accuracy of calcu-
            lations.   NOTE:  The  difference on line 10 or 12 must be  less
            than 0.0005g and the  difference on line 15 must  be  greater
            than 0.0025g.  Make any  corrections on both sheets—one to be
            returned to the student  and  one to be retained for  Instructor's
            evaluation of student and for  discussion in lesson  six.
        2)  Lesson six - 15 minutes
                                                                  22-5

-------
                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Total Suspended (Non-Filterable)  Solids,  mg/liter

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Preparing the Filter Disc (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP.  Procedure A)

LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 6

ESTIMATED TIME:  65 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: To  determine  suspended  solids
    in a sample, the learner must wash and dry the glass fiber disc  before using
    them.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  None

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Learner will  wash a membrane filter size disc and a
        disc in a Gooch crucible according to steps  1  through  17  listed  in EMP-A,
        as stated and/or described in the Information  column,

    2.  Conditions -  using both membrane filter holder and  Gooch crucible
        assemblies, given the equipment,  the EMP,  no assistance and  30 minutes.

    3.  Accepted Performance - He must accomplish  terminal behavior  to the satis-
        faction of an Instructor rating.   (Particularly note correct placement
        of discs on holders, tightening the MF funnel  to holder,  graduality of
        applying vacuum to seat the disc, careful  technique  in transferring the
        MF filter to a support, and using tissue to  wipe off and  handle  Gooch
        crucible.)

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
    1.  Available Media - Copies of EMP,  four Overheads  (re  Federal  Standards,
        filtration assembly with divisions of solids,  definition  of  non-filterable
        solids, and procedures listed on  EMP p. 14-5), a 15  minute CCTV  cassette,
        "Preparing the Filter Disc", and  example discs which should  be rejected
        due to irregularities which show  up in this  procedure.

    2.  Suggested Media - None

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
    1.  Presentation (35 min.)
        a.  Lecture - Introduction
           -Overheads - Standards, Assembly and Terms, Definition
           -EMP p. 14-4:0verview, Stress weighing-filtration-drying-weighing
            sequence.  Note source of method.
           -Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of  test
           -Tell students to use p. 14-5  as a "flow  sheet" in  laboratory.
                                                                          22-7

-------
    b.  Assignment - Read from above:  A. Instructional Objective,
        1. Terminal Behavior.

    c.  Assignment - Have students read Procedure A.

    d.  Introduce and run CCTV cassette, "Preparing the Filter Disc."

    e.  Demonstration - Show examples of discs which  should be rejected.

    f.  Question Period on material  presented.

2.  Student Performance and Evaluation (30 min.)
    As stated in Instructional Objective above, by Instructor rating

3..  NOTE:   Students stop after A.  Step 17 "Put disc (on support)  into  an
    oven."  To avoid a time lag for  drying and cooling, Instructor should
    prepare discs ahead of time for  student use in the next lesson on  the
    Procedure.
   22-8

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                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids,  mg/liter

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Initial Weighing, Filtration,  First  Drying
    (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP, Procedures B, C, D, E, F, G, and J)

LESSON NUMBER:  2 of 6

ESTIMATED TIME:  85 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  The learner will  be responsible
    for determining suspended solids.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Learner must know how to weigh to 4 decimal places  on an
    analytical balance, and how to measure liquids with a  pi pet and a graduated
    cylinder.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Learner will weigh a membrane  filter size disc and
        use it to filter an influent sample and will weigh a Gooch crucible
        with disc and use it to filter an effluent sample, using appropriate
        assemblies and keeping records according to  the steps in EMP Procedures
        B through G.3e. as stated or described in the Information column.

    2.  Conditions - Learner will be given the equipment,  two samples, the EMP,
        two copies of a data sheet, no assistance and 55 minutes.

    3.  Accepted Performance - He must accomplish terminal behavior to the
        satisfaction of an Instructor rating.   (Particularly note correct
        record-keeping on the lab data sheet,  careful techniques when transferring
        filter discs, correct weighing techniques, correct measuring of the volume
        of sample to filter, thorough rinsing  of sample from graduated cylinder
        and walls of filter, correct handling  of the Gooch crucible, and use of
        EMP clean-up directions.)

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
    1.  Available Media - Copies of EMP, three Overheads (re procedures listed
        on EMP p. 14-5 used in lesson one, the data  sheet  on EMP p. 14-32, and
        volumes of samples), a 13 minute CCTV  cassette, "Procedure" and two copies
        for each student of EMP p. 14-32, a "Typical Laboratory Data Sheet."

    2.  Suggested Media - None

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
    1.  Presentation - (30 min.)

        a.  Lecture - Introduction
           -Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of test
           -Tell students to use p. 14-5 as a  "flow  sheet" in laboratory.   They
            will use filter discs washed, dried, and cooled before Course.
                                                                          22-9

-------
         b.  Assignment - Read from above:  A. Instructional Objective,
             1. Terminal Behavior.

         c.  Assignment - Have students read Procedures B through G.

         d.  NOTE:  In lab, stop after G.S.e. which includes J.   Cleaning the
             Equipment, Step 1.

         e.  Distribution - Give each student two copies of the data  sheet which
             are to be filled in and given to Instructor at end of EMP work.   One
             will be returned to the student after Instructor checks  it.
             Overhead - Note the organization (sample information - analytical
             results - calculations) and references to EMP Procedures.

         f.  Assignment - Overhead - Assign approximate volume of influent sample
             to be filtered through a membrane filter assembly using  Procedures B
             through G.3a.   Then assign approximate volume of effluent sample to
             be filtered through a Gooch crucible assembly using Procedures B
             through G.3e.   Have students write volumes and assembly  to be used at
             top of their data sheet.  Explain that some reports require calculation
             of per cent removal of suspended solids.  In this case,  both influent
             and effluent samples must be tested so they will  test both types in
             this Course.

         g.  Introduce and run CCTV cassette, "Procedure."

         h.  Question Period on material presented

     2.  Student Performance and Evaluation (55 min.)  as stated in Instructional
         Objective above, by Instructor rating.

     3.  NOTE:   Students stop after G step 3 "Put disc (on support) into an oven."
         To avoid a time lag for drying and cooling, some other student activity
         should be planned for the next 80 minutes (minimum).  Instructor/students
         should remove crucibles and discs from oven after 60 minutes and put
         them in desiccators for the 20 minute cooling period.
22-10

-------
                               Typical Laboratory Data  Sheet

                                            for

                     TOTAL SUSPENDED  (NON-FILTERABLE) SOLIDS, mg/liter

                     Name of  Plant
                            HAND-OUT for LESSON 2
                       (2 copies to each student)
STEP
B.2
B.2
B.2
B.2
C.4
E.I
E.8
H c
1. 10
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.14
C.7
K.3
K.5
K.7
K.9
1.15
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Identification
Type (grab, etc.)
Date & Time Collected
Sample Collector
Filter Identification
Date & Time Analysis began
ml Sample Filtered
1st weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
2nd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (1st -2nd)
3rd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (2nd-3rd)
Final weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Weight of Filter* (g)
Find Difference (g) by subtracting
Line 14 from Line 13
Divide to 7 decimal places:
(line 15) difference (g)
(line 7) ml sample filtered
Multiply Line 16 by 1000 000
(move decimal point 6 places Rt.)
Round answer on Line 17
to nearest whole number
Analyst
SAMPLE



















SAMPLE



















SAMPLE
INS #1
GRAB
5/1/74 0900
Tom Sampler
WG2
5/1/74 1100
67.0
0.1426
0.1416
0.0010
0.1413
0.0003
0.1413
0.1293
0.0120
0.0001791
179.1
179 mg/1
Mary Analyst

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
    " means  the  filter disc  if a  funnel  type
,1bles  are used  "filter" mear\s the  crucible
 filtration assembly is used.
containing a filter disc.
If Gooch

-------
                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, ing/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Weighing the Filter Disc and Residue
    (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP.  Procedure H)
LESSON NUMBER:  3 of 6
ESTIMATED TIME:  30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  This is part of the laboratory
    procedure to determine total suspended (non-filterable) solids, mg/liter.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Learner must know how to weigh to 4 decimal places on an
    analytical balance.
A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
    1.  Terminal Behavior- Learner will weigh the MF disc plus residue and the
        Gooch crucible with disc plus residue from lesson 2 and record the
        weights to 4 decimal places according to the steps in EMP Procedure H
        as stated or described in the Information column.
    2.  Conditions - Learner will be given the equipment, the EMP, no assistance
        and 25 minutes.
    3.  Accepted Performance - Learner will perform Procedure H to the satisfac-
        tion of an Instructor rating.  (Particularly note correct techniques for
        handling the Gooch crucible and the filter disc.  Check reading on
        balance for complete accuracy.)
B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
    1.  Available Media -  Copies of EMP, Overhead of Procedures listed on EMP
        p. 14-5 used in lessons 1 and 2.
    2.  Suggested Media - None
C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
    1.  Presentation - Briefing (5 min.)
        a.  Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of test
            Tell students to use p. 14-5 as a "flow sheet" in laboratory.
        b.  Assignment - Read from above:  A. Instructional Objective,
            1. Terminal Behavior.
        c.  Assignment - Have students read Procedure H.
        d.  Briefing - This is same weighing procedure they did in C.  They will
            have to  check for complete drying so when finished with Procedure H,
            put discs plus residue (on supports) into an oven (I.I.).
    2.  Student Performance and Evaluation (25 min.)  As stated in Instructional
        Objective above, by Instructor rating.
                                                                     22-11

-------
        3.  NOTE:  Students stop after I.I.  "Put disc plus  residue (on support)  into
            an oven."  To avoid a time lag for drying and cooling, some other student
            activity should be planned for the next 35 minutes (minimum) of the  50
            minutes required.   Instructor/students  should remove crucibles  and discs
            from oven after 30 minutes and put them into desiccators  for the 20
            minute cooling period.
22-12

-------
                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Total Suspended (Non-Filterable)  Solids,  mg/liter

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Check for Complete Drying (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP.   Procedure I)

LESSON NUMBER:  4 of 6

ESTIMATED TIME:  45 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  This  is part of  the laboratory
    procedure to determine total suspended (non-filterable)  solids,  mg/liter.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Learner must know how to weigh  to 4 decimal  places  on an
    analytical balance and also be able to work subtraction  problems involving
    decimals.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Learner will  re-weigh the  discs  plus  residues  and
        compare results with first weights.  He will take  appropriate action
        based on these results, all as presented as  steps  in EMP  Procedure I as
        stated and/or described in the Information column.

    2.  Conditions - Learner will  be given the equipment,  the EMP, no assistance
        and 30 minutes.

    3.  Accepted Performance - Learner will correctly  apply  the criteria  stated
        in 1.14., judged by the Instructor when the  data sheet is given to him.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
    1.  Available Media - Copies of EMP, Overhead of Procedures listed on  EMP
        p_. 14-5 (used in lessons 1, 2, 3) and overhead of data sheet on
        EMP p. 14-32.
    2.  Suggested Media - None


C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):

    1.  Presentation - Briefing and Lecture (15 min.)

        a.  Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of test

        b.  Assignment - Read from above:  A. Instructional  Objective,
            1. Terminal Behavior.
        c.  Assignment - Have students read Procedure  I.

        d.  Briefing - Steps 5 through 12 are the weighing procedure they  did  in
            C and H.

        e.  Overhead-Use example on "Typical Laboratory Data Sheet" to illustrate
            Steps 13-15.
                                                                       22-13

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       2.   Student Performance and Evaluation  (30 minutes) as stated in Instruc-
           tional  Objective  above, by  Instructor rating.

       3.   NOTE:   If  a  student's weight difference does not meet the criteria in
           Step 14, he  should repeat Procedure  I.  He can put the disc into the
           oven and return to class.   He/someone else can remove the disc after
           30 minutes to  a desiccator  and, after disc cools, he can weigh it during
           free time.  Completed data  sheets are due at beginning of the next class
           day.
22-14

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                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Total Suspended (Non-Filterable)  Solids,  mg/liter

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Calculations and Reporting Data  (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP,
    Procedures K and L)

LESSON NUMBER:  5 of 6

ESTIMATED TIME:  15 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   The learner will  be responsible
    for calculating results of the test and reporting this data.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:   Learner must know how to  multiply and divide factors in a
    fraction.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
    1.  Terminal Behavior - The learner will select data from the  test,  calculate
        mg/liter suspended matter and report his results rounded to the  nearest
        mg/liter as presented in EMP Procedures  K and L.

    2.  Conditions -  on the provided laboratory data sheet, given the EMP which
        presents an example of the stepwise calculation and the rules for
        rounding off results, with no assistance and unlimited time.  (Homework)

    3.  Accepted Performance - Learner must turn in completed data sheet with
        the same answer (to the nearest mg/liter)  as the Instructor calculates
        from the same data.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
    1.  Available Media - Copies of EMP, Overhead  of Procedures listed on EMP
        p. 14-5 (used in lessons 1-4).
        Overhead of calculation formula.
        Overhead of Typical Laboratory Data Sheet on EMP p. 14-32.
    2.  Suggested Media - None

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):

    1.  Presentation - Lecture   (15 min.)
        a.  Overhead - EMP p. 14-5  Procedures of  Test
            This session will consider Procedures  K and L.
            Overhead - Calculation Formula  for overview.
        b.  Lecture - Use EMP Procedures K  and L,  and the  overhead of the
            Typical Laboratory Data Sheet to go  through the stepwise examples
            of the calculation and rounding off  procedures.

        c.  Assignment - Using the data sheet and  Procedure K, students  are to
            calculate the mg/liter suspended solids in the influent and  in the
            effluent samples tested.  Then, as 1n  Procedure L, they are  to round
                                                                       22-15

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             off the answers to the nearest mg/liter.  Two completed data sheets
             are due to the Instructor next morning.  Student will receive one
             corrected copy later in the day.


     2.  Student Performance (Homework - about 10 minutes.) as stated in "Terminal
         Behavior" and "Conditions" above.

     3.  Student Evaluation:  As stated in "Accepted Performance" above.
22-16

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                        INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET


SUBJECT MATTER:  Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Follow-up and Summary of Subject Matter

LESSON NUMBER: 6 of  6

ESTIMATED TIME:  15 minutes

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  Learner should have an oppor-
    tunity to ask any questions about the procedure and also should receive
    some final comments on sample volumes and drying times.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Learner will have performed entire procedure in CH.SOL.
    SUS.EMP.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Learner will have any unresolved questions about the
        procedure answered and will particularly consider criteria for choosing
        sample volumes and drying times.

    2.  Conditions - EMP and corrected data sheet will be available.

    3.  Accepted Performance - by active participation in the 15 minute wrap-up
        session as judged by the Instructor.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
    1.  Available Media - EMP, corrected data sheets.

    2.  Suggested Media - None.


C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):

    1.  Presentation:  Lecture - Discussion (15 min.)
        a.  Return corrected data sheets, retaining one set of copies for self.
        b.  Discuss results if appropriate.  Answer questions.
        c.  Note EMP Training Guide VII, E.2b. (Criteria for choosing volumes of
            sample to be filtered).  Answer questions.
        d.  Note EMP Training Guide VII, G.3b. (Time required for complete drying),
            Answer questions.
        e.  Answer any remaining questions.

    2.  Student Evaluation - Satisfactory participation in the session as judged
        by Instructor.
                                                                        22-17

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II.   Instructional Package Worksheets

 E.   Residual Chlorine
      1.  Accepted methods cited in the  FR Issuance in
          Outline No. 1 of this manual are:
          a.  lodometric method, as presented in Standard
              Methods for the Examination of Water and
              Wastewater (13th ed), p. 382, or
          b.  Amperometric method, as presented in ASTM
              Standards, 1973 edition, p. 289.

      2.  The reference to the 1972 issuance of ASTM
          should be revised to refer to the 1973 issuance
          of ASTM, p. 289, which provides a modification
          of the basic method to give acceptable results
          with wastewater treatment plant effluents.
      3.  The procedure taught in this course is for the
          1973 amperometric titration method.  If the
          iodometric method is used, it is necessary that
          the instructor develop a special instructional
          unit for student use.
      4.  In the time available for this course, it is
          strongly urged that no effort be made to teach
          both methods.
AT.BMP.14.10.74

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                         A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                         ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                     for the

                 AMPEROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF FREE AND COMBINED
                         RESIDUAL CHLORINE IN WASTEWATER
                                 as applied in

                        WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                                  and in the
                       MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                       INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                              Developed by the

                          National Training Center
                 Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                     Office of Water Program Operations
                    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CH.A.CL.EMP.2.10.74                                                         23-1

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                                  GUIDELINES FOR
                         INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET

SUBJECT MATTER:  Chlorine Testing
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Amperometric titration of free and combined residual chlorine
LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME:   1-1/2 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  The learner should know how to
   perform an amperometric titration for the determination of free and combined
   residual chlorine in treatment plant effluents to satisfy permit system
   analytical requirements.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
   1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will  determine the free and combined residual
      chlorine concentration in a treatment plant effluent sample.
   2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of the attached CH.A.CL.EMP.3.27.74
      and all chemicals and equipment listed in it.
   3. Accepted Performance - Acceptable technique in performing the test will  be
      determined by the instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
   1. Available Media - XT-37 Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand.
   2. Suggested Media -
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
   1. Discussion of the importance of the chlorine determination oy tne instructor.
   2. Showing of A/V unit XT-37 Residual  Chlorine and  Chlorine Demand.
   3. Performance of an amperometric titration for the determination of free and
      combined residual chlorine in a typical  sample in the laboratory using the
      attached EMP.
   4. Critique of the laboratory exercise by the instructor.
                                                                           23-3

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Part II.  Instructional Package Worksheets

   F.  Flow Measurement
       1.  Self-monitoring for permit compliance requires
           measurement of waste flows.  There is no
           "officially approved" procedure for the measure-
           ment of flow.
       2.  Automatic flow recording devices cannot be
           depended upon to provide reliable data unless
           they are calibrated periodically, using other
           methods to determine a flow rate.
       3.  This course covers two widely used methods for
           measuring flows; these determinations can be
           used directly for self-monitoring reports, or
           they can be used for calibration of automatic
           instrumentation.  The methods covered here are:
           a.  Flow measurement using a Parshall flume; and
           b.  Flow measurement using a sharp-crested weir.
       4.  Individuals requiring instruction in greater
           depth on flow measurement and flow-recording
           instrument calibration should attend another
           course of this series, "Effluent Monitoring
           Procedures: Flow Measurement and Sampling
           Techniques."  This course is now under develop-
           ment arid should be available in the near future.
AT.BMP.15.10.74

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             A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
             ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                         for the
         MEASUREMENT OF FLOW IN AN OPEN CHANNEL BY
                     PARSHALL FLUME
                      as applied in

             WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                       and in the
           MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
             INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                    Developed by the

                 National Training Center
       Municipal Permits and Operations Division
           Office of Water Program Operations
          U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EN.FM.BMP.3.9.74                                        24_1

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                               GUIDELINES FOR
                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Measurement of Flow 1n an Open Channel  by Parshall  Flume

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Basic Elements

LESSON NUMBER:  1 of 3

ESTIMATED TIME:  3/4 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  The student must be familiar
    with the structure of the flume, Its operating principles,  and factors
    Influencing Us performance.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Student should be familiar with basic units of volume
    and length.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to Identify the parts of a
        Parshall Flume, explain the principle by which flow can be measured
        using the flume, and Identify factors that can Influence the meas-
        urement obtained.

    2.  Conditions.-classroom.

    3.  Accepted Performance - Satisfactory Identifications and explanations
        as indicated under A-l above.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
    1.  Available Media - EMP.8 x 10 projectuals, slides,  model  of 1  - inch
        Parshall Flume, pre-post quiz on principles of Parshall  Flume.

    2.  Suggested Media - Video tape or film clip Illustrating  changes in
        flow pattern through flume when going from free-flow to submerged
        flow conditions.Operating model of channel with flume.

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
        Classroom - Pre-quiz

        Lecture covering following points
            1.  Review units of flow
            2.  Structure of flume
            3.  Operating principles
            4.  Factors Influencing performance

        Post quiz

        Discussion of quiz
                                                                      24-3

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                               GUIDELINES FOR
                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Measurement of Flow in an Open Channel  by Parshall  Flume

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Determining Flow:  Free-flow conditions

LESSON NUMBER:  2 of 3

ESTIMATED TIME:  1 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   This  is  the usual  flow
    condition under which a flume should operate

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Student must have successfully  completed  lesson 1.
    Must be able to add, subtact and multiply using whole numbers,  fractions,
    and decimals.

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to calculate head  and use
        appropriate tables to determine flow through flume - using  either
        a staff gage or a float gage.
    2.  Conditions - Classroom.

    3.  Accepted Performance - Must be able to read  water  level  elevation
        using a staff gage or a float gage.  Must sec
        on calculating flow under various  conditions.
using a staff gage or a float gage.   Must  score at  least  80% on  quiz
                1C
B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
    1.   Available Media - EMP

    2.   Suggested Media - Staff gage section,  float gage,  quiz  material,
        operating model of channel  with flume

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
        Lecture, including demonstration of staff  gage section  and  float
        gage, illustration of head  calculations  and use of flume  discharge
        tables

        Quiz

        Review of Quiz
                                                                     24-5

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                               GUIDELINES FOR
                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Measurement of Flow in an Open  Channel  by  Parshall  Flume

UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Determining  Flow:   Submerged-flow conditions

LESSON NUMBER:  3 of 3

ESTIMATED TIME:  3/4 hour

JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   Submerged-flow conditions
    may sometimes occur in unusual  circumstances.

ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Student must have successfully completed lessons
    1 and 2

A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Student will  be able to  determine  flow through
        a flume when submerged-flow conditions exist.

    2.  Conditions - Classroom.

    3.  Accepted Performance - Must be able to calculate appropriate heads
        and use tabular materials and graphs.  Must  score at least 80% on
        quiz.

B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
    1.  Available Media - EMP

    2.  Suggested Media - Quiz material.  Operating model  of channel  with
        flume.

C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
        Lecture, including illustration of head  calculations and use of
        graphical material to correct free-flow  discharge to   discharge
        under submerged-flow conditions

        Quiz

        Review of Quiz
                                                                      24-7

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                 A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                 ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                             for the
           MEASUREMENT OF FLOW IN AN OPEN CHANNEL BY
                       SHARP-CRESTED WEIR
                          as applied in

                 WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                           and in the
               MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                 INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                        Developed by the

                     National Training Center
           Municipal Permits and Operations Division
               Office of Water Program Operations
              U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EN.F.M. BMP.4.9.74                                          25-1

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                               GUIDELINES FOR
                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Measurement of Flow In an Open Channel  by Sharp-Crested  Weir
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:   Basic Elements
LESSON NUMBER:  1  of 2
ESTIMATED TIME:  3/4 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  Student must be familiar
    with structure of weirs, operating principles,  and  factors influencing
    performance.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Student should be familiar with  basic  units  of
    volume and length.
A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Student will  be able to identify  types  of
        standard weirs and physical conditions which can affect weir
        performance.
    2-  Conditions -  Classroom.
    3.  Accepted Performance - Satisfactory identifications as indicated
        in A-l above.
B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
    1.  Available Media - EMP, 8 x 10 Projectuals
    2.  Suggested Media - Operating model  of channel with changeable weirs.
        Weir plates.  Pre- and -post quiz material.
C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
        Pre-quiz
        Lecture with demonstration of flow over weirs under various
        conditions using model channel
        Post-quiz
        Discussion of quiz
                                                                  25-3

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                               GUIDELINES FOR
                      INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER:  Measurement of Flow in an Open Channel  by Sharp-Crested  Weir
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:  Measurement of Head and Determination of Flow
LESSON NUMBER:  2 of 2
ESTIMATED TIME:  3/4 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:  To calculate flows from
    observations made at a weir installation.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:  Student must have successfully completed Lesson 1,
    and be able to add, subtract and multiply using whole numbers, fractions,
    and decimals.
A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
    1.  Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to calculate head on a
        weir and use appropriate weir tables to determine flow
    2.  Conditions -  Classroom.
    3.  Accepted Performance - Calculation of flow under stipulated conditions
        with a score of at least 90%.
B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
    1.  Available Media - EMP
    2.  Suggested Media - Operating model of channel with changeable weirs.
        Quiz material
C. INSTRUCTION APPROACH (Sequencing)
        Lecture
        Quiz
        Discuss Quiz
                                                                    2R 5

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Part II.  Instructional Package Worksheets

    G.  Sampling
        1.  The sampling program for each municipal waste-
            water treatment plant will be defined in the
            Permit issued to that facility.
        2.  Sampling points will be located with approval
            of the Permitting authority.
        3.  The instruction provided here is limited to
            general considerations in sampling programs.
        4.  Individuals requiring instruction in greater
            depth on sampling programs and procedures
            should attend another course of this series,
            "Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Flow Measure-
            ment and Sampling Techniques."  This course is
            now under development and should be available
            in the near future.
AT.BMP.16.10.74

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Part II.  Instructional Package Worksheets

   H.  Report to Regulatory Authority
       1.  Reporting procedures are stipulated in each
           Permit, and are based on FR issuances and
           guidelines from the regulatory authority.

       2.  The instruction provided here is intended to
           enable the student to:
           a.  Make the necessary calculations and organize
               the data for each parameter for reporting
               purposes; and
           b.  Enter the data in the standard EPA form used
               for reporting self-monitoring data covered
               in this course.
AT.BMP.17.10.74

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                    A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
                    ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

                                for the


                    REPORTING OF SELF-MONITORING DATA
                              as  applied  in

                    WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                              and  in  the
                  MONITORING  OF  EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
                     INSTRUCTIONAL  PACKAGE WORKSHEET
                            Developed by the


                         National Training Center
               Municipal Permits and Operations Division
                   Office of Water Program Operations
                  U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


WP.CH.EMP.(164.1)1.9.74                                                27-1

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                                      GUIDELINES FOR
                             INSTRUCTIONAL  PACKAGE  WORKSHEET
    SUBJECT MATTER:   Reporting  of  Self-Monitoring  Data

    UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:   Entry of Data  on NPDES  Discharge Monitoring Report

    LESSON NUMBER:   1 of  1

    ESTIMATED TIME:   3/4  hour

    JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:   Reporting of Effluent Data
        at stipulated periods is a condition  of a  discharge permit.

    ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:   Student must  be able to add,  subtract, multiply, and
        divide using  whole and  decimal numbers.

    A.  INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
        1.  Terminal  Behavior - Student  will  be able to  report self-monitoring
            data in  the proscribed manner.

        2.  Conditions -  Classroom

        3.  Accepted  Performance - Satisfactory completion of a Discharge
            Monitoring Report,  given  a sample set  of data.

    B.  INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
        1.  Available Media - Discharge  Monitoring Report Form EPA 3320-1(10-72),
            with overlay.   Monthly Operating  Report, Municipal  Treatment Plant.
            EMPs on Geometric Mean and Flow Measurement.

        2.  Suggested Media - Set  of  self-monitoring data for student use in
            completing Report Form.

    C.  INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH  (Sequencing)
            Review format of Report Form and  data  to be  entered.

            Using typical  self-monitoring results, go through the manner in
            which the data is to be handled and entered  on the form.

            Have students  complete a  blank form, using a set of data  supplied
            for this  purpose.   Upon completion, review procedure with students.
GOVERNMENT FRUITING OFFICE 1975-657-59<>/5'i08 Region No. 5-11

                                                                               27-3

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