EPA-430/1-74-011
Self-Monitoring Procedures:
Basic Parameters for
Municipal Effluents
STAFF GUIDE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS
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STAFF GUIDE
for
CONDUCTING THE COURSE.
SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES:
BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Water Program Operations
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
National Training Center
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DISCLAIMER
Reference to commercial products, trade names, or
manufacturers is for purposes of example and illustration.
Such references do not constitute endorsement by the
Office of Water Program Operations, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Note to the User of this Manual
Part I. Course Planning and Management
A. COURSE PLAN AND SCHEDULE
Responsibilities in Self-Monitoring Training 1-1
Announcing the Course 2-1
Summary Plan for Course 3-1
Sample Schedules 4-1
Milestones in Course Planning 5-1
B. RESOURCES
Training Staff 6-1
Training Facilities 7-1
Laboratory Equipment and Supply Requirements 8-1
Instructional Materials 9-1
C. SECRETARIAL SUPPORT
Course Records and Record-keeping 10-1
Suggested Student Registration Procedures 11-1
Printed and Reproduced Material 12-1
Summary of Required Printed/Reproduced Material
with Samples, Examples of Printed Matter 13-1
Part II. Instructional Guides
A. BOD AND RELATED PROCEDURES
Winkler Dissolved Oxygen-Azide Modification 14-1
Dissolved Oxygen Meter 15-1
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BODs) 16-1
B. HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION
pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
Treatment Plant Effluents 17-1
C. MICROBIOLOGY
Bacteriological Sampling 18-1
Fecal Coliform Test by Multiple Dilution Tube
Method 19-1
Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method 20-1
Calculation of Geometric Mean of Fecal Coliform— 21-1
D. SEWAGE SOLIDS
Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids 22-1
E. RESIDUAL CHLORINE
Amperometric Determination of Free and Combined
Residual Chlorine in Water 23-1
F. FLOW MEASUREMENT
Flow Measurement with Parshall Flume 24-1
Flow Measurement with Sharp-Crested Weir 25-1
G. SAMPLING
General Sewage Sampling Procedures 26-1
H. REPORT TO REGULATORY AGENCY
Reporting of Self-Monitoring Report Forms 27-1
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- TO THE USER OF THIS MANUAL -
Background of Effluent Self-Monitoring Requirement
With passage of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500) a new permit program was
created to replace and improve upon the earlier permit system
which existed under the 1899 Refuse Act.
Under the 1972 Act, the United States Environmental Protection
Agency is required to establish national effluent limitations
and national treatment performance standards for all sources
of water pollution, including not only municipal discharges,
but also factories, animal feedlots, and power plants. These
effluent limitations are the maximum amount of a pollutant
that any discharger may release into a water body.
In order to insure that the prescribed effluent limits are met,
every discharger is required to obtain an NPDES (National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) Permit. Types of water
discharge sources for which a permit is required include
municipal wastewater treatment facilities, manufacturing
plants, agriculture, forestry, mining and fishing operations,
and other service, wholesale, retail, and commercial estab-
lishments having operations which result in discharge of water
to the Nation's bodies of water.
The NPDES Permit is not a license to pollute. To the contrary,
a Permit stipulates what may be discharged, and how much may
be discharged over a defined period of time. Each Permit is
tailored to the discharger, and sets specific limits on each
effluent.
AT.BMP.1.9.74
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Furthermore, the NPDES Permit also requires dischargers to
monitor their effluents, performing specified tests and
measurements at designated frequencies specified in the
individual Permit, and to report the amount and nature of all
waste components discharged.
Training Need Associated with Self-Monitoring Requirements
Compliance with NPDES requires that all specified tests and
measurements be performed in accordance with methods specified
by EPA and announced in the Federal Register. Only under very
limited conditions are deviations from specified methods
acceptable.
These requirements are the basis of an immediate, massive,
training need to provide the responsible wastewater treatment
personnel with the knowledge and skills required to comply
with the self-monitoring requirement. There is at present a
wide range of initial capabilities for performing the tests
and measurements. This ranges from the situation in the large,
fully-staffed, fully-equipped facility in which little or no
training is required, through all shades and levels to the
limited staff in small, inadequately-equipped facilities in
which at present there is little or no present capability for
performing the required tests and measurements.
This is one of several special short-term courses recently-
developed and currently under development by the Environmental
Protection Agency and associated educational institutions.
This Instructor's Guide is intended to assist other training
organizations in conducting training of wastewater treatment
plant operational personnel in the tests, measurements, and
report preparation required for compliance with their NPDES
Permits.
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draining Available or Under Development to Meet
Self-Monitoring Requirements
Title
Workers should take this who—
Basic Laboratory Skills
for Self-Monitoring
Tests and Measurements.
Self-Monitoring Procedures
Basic Parameters for
Municipal Effluents
Effluent Monitoring
Procedures:
Metals Analyses
Effluent Monitoring
Procedures: Nutrients
Effluent Monitoring
Procedures:
Flow Measurement and
Sampling Techniques
Have little or no laboratory
experience or training, and need
to develop basic skills including
use of balance, preparation of
solutions and reagents, names,
characteristics, preparation, and
care of common laboratory equip-
ment supplies. This course pre-
pares students requiring such
training for entry into the
following named courses in which
procedures for designated tests
and measurements are learned.
Have basic laboratory skills, as
designated above, but need to
learn one or more of the procedures
required for most or all municipal
effluents, including BOD, fecal
coliform, pH, suspended solids,
flow, and reporting of results.
Usually these students will have
completed the "Basic Parameters"
course, but have a Permit which
requires report on one or more
metals; reporting of results.
Usually these students will have
completed the "Basic Parameters"
course, but have a Permit which
requires periodic report on one
or more of the so-called "nutrients,"
including nitrogen and phosphorus;
reporting of results.
Have made arrangements whereby
the required laboratory procedures
are performed elsewhere by contract
or other special arrangement, and
who are required only to collect
and care for samples, and to
make such tests and measurements
as must be made at the sampling
site.
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Any of the analytical courses
of EPA National Training
Center as applicable for
specific Permits
Are professional chemists,
microbiologists, or key labora-
tory technicians in large treat-
ment facilities in which they
work full-time in a designated
series of analytical tests and
measurements.
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A Personal Note to the User of this Guide
The need for providing this training, and the nature of
current efforts of the Environmental Protection Agency, to
meet this need have been discussed in foregoing paragraphs.
It is an oversimplification of a classic quotation to say
that all that is needed to conduct training is to "put Mark
Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other."
It is almost as much an oversimplification to say that all
that is needed to conduct a course is to bring together the
students and the instructional staff in a classroom and
laboratory equipped with requisite equipment and supplies
for the instruction to be delivered.
A short course such as this, involving both classroom
instruction and laboratory application, with critical
learning outcomes to be achieved within a limited period of
time, absolutely requires careful, detailed planning, prepa-
ration, and implementation. Meticulous attention to detail
and effective staff teamwork are essential at every step of
course planning, development, and implementation.
The purpose of this Instructors' Guide is to provide you,
the training staff member, with useful, practical assistance
for use in presenting this course in your own facilities.
The Guide is a resource. It is not a blueprint, to be
followed rigidly, or unthinkingly. You will have to plan,
to think, and to prepare, even with this guide or any other
form of assistance, in order to perform effectively in con-
ducting this course. On the other hand, this Guide should
be helpful in reducing the amount of original development
work you will have to do, and it should be helpful in sug--
gesting factors in course planning and presentation which
otherwise might be ignored or glossed over.
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You are invited, in fact requested, to participate actively
in making this Guide a living document which effectively
represents the best experience of all in planning, preparing
for, conducting, and terminating this course. Please provide
this office with your constructive suggestions for strength-
ening and improving upon this Guide, based on your own experi-
ences in conducting the course. Your recommendations will be
fully considered in future editions of this and other
Instructor Guides for other courses of this series. In the
event that questions arise in interpretation of any aspect
of this Instructors' Guide, please write or call:
Director, National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Water Program Operations
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Telephone (513) 684-8228
Harold L. Jeter
Director
National Training Center
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PART I. COURSE MANAGEMENT
This Manual consists of two major parts. Part I is con-
cerned with administrative aspects of planning, preparing,
and conducting the course. Part II consists of guidance
to the instructional staff on the technical content, learn-
ing objectives to be achieved by the students, and lesson-
by-lesson instructional guides for each of the several
self-monitoring procedures covered in this course.
Part I, which immediately follows, will have greatest value
to those conducting this course for the first time, or for
the first few times. With practice in conducting the
training most organizations will develop their own adapta-
tions and ramifications of this plan to meet their own
requirements and the specific situation.
It is strongly urged that each institution conducting this
training course develop its own formal version of such a
guide as this. Staff does change; new personnel require
indoctrination and training on standard procedures of the
organization they have joined. Rules and procedures pro-
mulgated by regulatory authority do change; such changes
will require adjustment in course content. With repetition
of specified tasks, many staff members, however dedicated,
do slip into unconscious variations in practice or omissions
in details which can subtly change the character of the
course. A formal plan and guide, consciously studied and
followed, can help the training instructor and the adminis-
trator to avoid many pitfalls.
Intelligent use of a plan such as this, with variations as
proven necessary, can go far in keeping this course in har-
mony with the needs of the students and with requirements
AT.BMP.2.9.74
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of regulatory authorities; and above all, the course should
remain free of the distractions and last-minute corrections
of errors or omissions discovered at untimely stages in
course preparation and presentation.
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Part I. Course Management
--A. Course Plan and Working Schedules
This Section considers five topics:
1. Responsibilities in self-monitoring training
It is an inherent responsibility of any teacher to
provide a learning situation which gives the student
the best possible opportunity to develop the target
level of knowledge and skills.
In addition, and not to be overlooked, this course
involves a responsibility to the regulatory agency--to
assure that students acquire specified knowledge and
skills and that these skills are acquired to a level
such that data reported by the student will be accepted
as reliable by the regulatory authority.
2. Announcing the course
This section gives examples of course announcements,
and identifies specific information which should be
provided in any course announcement.
3. Summary plan for the course
This is a one-page summary of the course plan, in which
the reader can discover the subject matter coverage,
days and approximate time allocations, and the designa-
tion of the instructional specialty involved in pre-
senting the instruction.
4. Sample course schedule
This covers the same information as in item 3 above.
The format is different, and provides a day-by-day,
hour-by-hour class schedule. This schedule-format has
been found most practical at the National Training
AT.BMP.3.9.74
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Center for more than 20 years. It works. It is
recommended to your use.
Milestones in course planning and preparation
Each member of the training staff has individual and'
cooperative duties in planning and conducting the
course. Much of the responsibility of each staff
member is outlined in the section on Training Staff
(Outline 6, later in this Guide). The milestone chart
shown here is an example of a plan to accomplish
necessary tasks in a timely manner. It is necessary
that each training institution develop its own
logistics of course preparation to meet the situation
at hand. It is urged that a formal milestone chart
be developed.
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RESPONSIBILITIES IN SELF MONITORING TRAINING
I. Implications of NPDES
Each Permit issued under the National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System (NPDES) includes a program
of required self-monitoring analyses of effluents and
reporting of results at prescribed intervals.
A. The methodology to be followed in performing the
self-monitoring tests and measurements is described
in issuances in the Federal Register (FR).
B. In some cases, two or more alternative procedures
are available to the analyst for compliance with
monitoring requirements.
C. Provisions do exist whereby the regulatory agencies
(State and EPA) can recommend and permit use of
methods not listed in the FR. Procedures for
orderly application of accepted methods are described
in the FR issuance immediately following this narra-
tive. It cannot be too strongly emphasized that the
Permit-holder does not have the authority to make a
unilateral decision to introduce analytical proce-
dures not found in the FR issuances, or not specifi-
cally authorized by the appropriate regulatory
authorities.
II. Training Response to NPDES/FR Requirements
A. Methods taught in this and associated courses
developed by EPA are limited to those most recently
prescribed in issuances of the FR.
AT.BMP. 4 a. 6. 75 1-1
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B. Usually, when alternative methods are available/
the course will include only one of the alterna-
tives (for example, in fecal coliform testing,
either the multiple fermentation tube method or
the membrane filter method will be taught, but
not both). In planning the details of a specific
course offering, a training representative should
in every case consult with responsible representa-
tives of the regulatory agency in the area in which
the course is conducted. This consultation should
include determination of:
1. Which, if any, of more than one alternative
analytical method is preferred (or required)
by the regulatory agency for the Permit-holders
under its jurisdiction; and,
2. What, if any, changes have occurred since the
last course offerings which require adjustment
in course content.
3. What advice the regulatory agency has to offer
on the planned course presentation, based on
problems encountered in implementation of self-
monitoring procedures, and in observations of
performance of past graduates from previous
offerings of the course.
C. The training institution which fails to apply
these elementary practices, with a result of
sometimes teaching inappropriate methods, stands
in danger of committing a serious disservice to
to those it purports to serve:
1. To the students enrolled in the course; and
1-2
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2. To the Permit-holding organization, which is
being led to believe that through this training
the qualifying student will perform self moni-
toring tests and measurements in accordance with
methods approved by the regulatory authority.
III. Responsibilities in Accreditation of Students
A. Successful completion of this course of training
will be a factor used by many regulatory agencies
in the accreditation or certification of treatment
plant personnel to perform self-monitoring tests
and measurements.
B. The instructional staff has a responsibility to pro-
vide a learning experience through which the
qualifying student will have every expectation of
being able to perform the required self-monitoring
procedures in a satisfactory manner on return to
his normal working environment.
C. Student Evaluation and Testing
For permanent record of qualification and performance,
a record of student performance should be made.
1. Tests (both written and applied) should be cri-
terion tests, i.e., designed to demonstrate
ability of the student to perform the required
analyses, as contrasted with test design to
develop a comparative rating of the individual
students.
2. Written tests should be strictly applied to the
procedures being taught, and should be appropriate
to a written answer. Thus, definitions, matters
of specific information, solving of problems, and
similar matters are appropriate to written tests.
1-3
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Many students will take alarm at written tests,
and may not perform up to expectations due to
this alarm. One means of alleviating this fear
is to give open-book quizzes, but to expect a
high standard of performance. It is pointed out
here that it is more important for the student
to know where to refer for needed facts, and to
check these facts, than it is to demonstrate rote
memory. The memory will come with practice of
the test procedures, and the student should learn
to check the facts when in doubt, rather than to
risk a blunder.
Much of the student evaluation will be based on
performance in the laboratory. It will be appro-
priate to keep records on such factors in student
performance as;
a. Accuracy in following directions as given;
b. Demonstration of acceptable manipulative
skills;
c. Reporting of laboratory results falling within
acceptable relationship to a class norm; and
other factors as determined by the instructor.
Each instructor is responsible for reporting the
quality of performance of each student for the
procedures for which he has primary responsibility.
These reports should be written, and they should
be made a part of the permanent course record.
This course plan provides for having at least
two instructors in the laboratory during all
laboratory phases of the course. At any given
1-4
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session, one instructor will be the desig-
nated primary instructor, with others in a
supporting role. For example, the chemist
would be the primary instructor in the BOD
instruction, with assistance from the micro-
biologist and/or the engineer. To make a
system of this work satisfactorily in evalua-
tion of students and to assure consistence in
student instruction, each member of the
instructional team has definite, if implied,
responsibilities. These include:
a. The primary instructor is the individual
who reports on acceptability or non-
acceptability of student performance.
b. The instructor-assistant(s) must instruct
students in the same way as designated by
the primary instructor. Introduction of
individuality in manipulative procedures,
order of proceeding with a test, etc., can
only confuse the student.
c. The instructor-assistant(s) should bring
the problem-student to the attention of
the primary instructor at the earliest
possible moment. This is to provide
maximum opportunity to correct problems
which might result in failure of the
student to qualify in a given analytical
procedure.
1-5
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d. Primary instructor and instructor-
assistants have, of course, a continuing
responsibility of preserving the highest
standards of professional and ethical
relationships with each other throughout
the course. Differences of opinion will
arise among individuals of any instruc-
tional staff. These differences must be
resolved outside the classroom and
laboratory. Furthermore, these differences
are not subjects for airing with students
at any time.
D. The Nonqualifying Student
1. There is a job/financial implication to any
student failing to qualify for any of the
analytical tests and measurements included
in this course. Therefore instructors should
be particularly careful to document the reasons
for any nonqualification.
2. Any nonqualifying student should be entitled
to be informed on the reasons why he is judged
nonqualifying.
3. Ideally, an opportunity should be provided for
nonqualifying students to have another chance
to correct deficiencies in their performance.
This could be accomplished through a number
of different approaches, such as makeup work
(evenings) during the course itself, through
repeating the training module in which accept-
able results were not achieved (at a mutually
1-6
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agreeable time for the student and for the
instructor), or by enrollment in a future
offering of the course, with participation
only in the module which was failed the first
time around.
1-7
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TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 38 • Number 199
PART II
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WATER PROGRAMS
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures
(or Analysis of Pollutants
No. 189—Pt. II 1
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28758
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Title 40—Protection of (Environment
CHAPTER I—ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AtiENCY
SUBCHAPTER D—WATER PROGRAMS
PART 136—GUIDELINES ESTABLISHING
TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALY-
SIS OF POLLUTANTS
Notice was pubished in the FEDERAL
REGISTER issue of June 29, 1973 (38 PR
17318) at 40 CFR 130, that the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) was
giving consideration to the testing pro-
cedures required pursuant to section
304(g) of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972 (86
Stat. 816, et seq., Pub. L 92-500 (1972))
hereinafter referred to as the Act. These
considerations were given in the form of
proposed guidelines establishing: test
r/roccdures.
Section 304 (g) of the Act requires that
the Administrator shall promulgate
guidelines establishing test procedures
for the analysis of pollutants that shall
include factors which must be provided
in: 1, any certification pursuant to sec-
tion 401 of the Act, or 2, any permit ap-
plication pursuant to section 402 of the
Act Such test procedures are to be used
bv permit applicants to demonstrate that
effluent discharges meet applicable pol-
lutant discharge limitations, and by the
States and other enforcement activities
in routine or random monitoring of ef-
fluents to verify effectiveness of pollu-
tion control measures.
These guidelines require that discharge
measurements, including but not limited
to the pollutants and parameters listed
in Table I, be performed by the test
procedures indicated; or under certain
circumstances by other test procedures
for analysis that may be more advan-
tageous to use, when such other test
procedures have the approval of the Re-
gional Administrator of the Region
where such discharge will occur, and
when the Director of an approved State
National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System (NPDES) Program (here-
inafter referred to as the Director) for
the State in which such discharge will
occur has no objection to such approval
The list'of test procedures in Table I
is published herein as final rulemakmg
and represents major departures from
the list of proposed test procedures which
was published in 38 FR 17318, dated
June 29,1973 These revisions were made
after carefully considering all written
comments which were received pertain-
ing to the proposed test procedures. All
written comments are on file and avail-
able for public review with the Quality
Assurance Division, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, Washington, D.C.
The principal revisions to the proposed
test procedures are as follows:
1. Where several reliable test proce-
dures for analysis are available from
the given references for a given pollutant
or parameter, each such test procedure
has been approved for use for making
the measurements required by sections
401 and 402 and related sections of the
Act. Approved test procedures have been
selected to assure an acceptable level or
intercomparability of pollutants dis-
charge data. For several pollutants and
parameters it has still been necessary to
approve only a single test procedure to
assure this level of acceptability This is
a major departure from the proposed
test procedures which would have re-
quired the use of a single reference
method for each pollutant or parameter.
2. Under certain circumstances a test
procedure not shown on the approved
list may be considered by an applicant
to be more advantageous to use Under
guidelines in §§ 136.4 and 136.5 it may be
approved by the Regional Administrator
of the Region where the discharge will
occur, providing the Director has no ob-
jections. Inasmuch as there is no longer
a single approved reference method
against which a comparison can be made,
the procedures for establishing such
comparisons that were required by the
proposed test procedures in § 130.4(b)
have been deleted from this final guide-
line for test procedures for the analysis
of pollutants.
3. A mechanism is also provided to
assure national uniformity of such ap-
provals of alternate test procedures for
the analysis of pollutants. This is
achieved through a centralized, internal
review within the EPA of all applications
for the use of alternate testing proce-
dures These will be reviewed and ap-
proved or disapproved on the basis of
submitted information and other avail-
able information and laboratory tests
which may be required by the Regional
Administrator.
As deemed necessary, the Administra-
tor will expand or revise these guide-
lines to provide the most responsive and
appropriate list of test procedures to
meet the requirements of sections 304(g),
401 and 402 of the Act, as amended.
These final guidelines establishing test
procedures for the analysis of pollutants
supersede the interim list of test proce-
dures published in the FEDERAL REGISTER
on April 19, 1973 (38 FR 9740) at 40 CFR
Part 126 and subsequent procedures pub-
lished on July 24, 1973 (38 FR 19894)
at 40 CFR Part 124. Those regulations
established interim test procedures for
the submlttal of applications under sec-
tion 402 of the Act. Because of the im-
portance of these guidelines for test
procedures for the analysis of pollutants
to the National Pollution Discharge Elim-
ination System (NPDES), the Adminis-
trator finds good cause to declare that
these guidelines shall be effective Octo-
ber 16, 1973.
JOHN QUARLES,
Acting Administrator.
OCTOBER 3, 1973.
PART 136—TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE
ANALYSIS OF POLLUTANTS
Sec
1361 Applicability.
136 2 Definitions.
1363 Identification of test procedures.
1364 Application for alternate test proce
dures.
136 5 Approval of alternate test procedures.
AUTHORITY- Sec. 304(g) of Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1072
86 Stat. 816, et seq , Pub. L. 92-500).
§ 136.1 Applicability.
The procedures prescribed herein
shall, except as noted in § 136.5, be used
to perform the measurements indicated
whenever the waste constituent specified
is required to be measured for:
(a) An application submitted to the
Administrator, or to a State having an
approved NPDES program, for a permit
under section 402 of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act as amended
(FWPCA).and,
(b) Reports required to be submitted
by dischargers under the NPDES
established by Parts 124 and 125 of this
chapter, and,
(c) Certifications issued by States pur-
suant to section 401 of the FWPCA, as
amended.
§ 136.2 Definitions.
As used in this part, the term:
(a) "Act" means the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, as amended. 33
US.C. 1314, et seq.
(b) "Administrator" means the Ad-
ministrator of the US Environmental
Protection Agency.
(c) "Regional Administrator" means
one of the EPA Regional Administrators.
(d) "Director" means the Director of
the State Agency authorized to carry
out an approved National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System Program
under section 402 of the Act.
(e) "National Pollutant Discnar-—
Elimination System (NPDES)" me
the national system for the issuance
permits under section 402 of the Act and
includes any State or interstate program
which has been approved by the Admin-
istrator, in whole or in part, pursuant to
section 402 of the Act.
(f) "Standard Methods" means Stand-
ard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Waste Water, 13th Edition,
1971. This publication is available from
the American Public Health Association,
1015 18th St. NW.. Washington, D.C.
20036
(g) "ASTM" means Annual Book of
Standards, Part S3, Water, Atmospheric
Analysis, 1972. This publication is avail-
able from the American Society for
Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St.,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.
(h) "EPA Methods" means Methods
for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes, 1971, Environmental Protection
Agency, Analytical Quality Control Lab-
oratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. This publica-
tion is available from the Super-
intendent of Documents, U.S. Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402 (Stock Number 5501-0067).
% 136.3 Identification of test proce-
dures.
Every parameter or pollutant for
which an effluent limitation Is now spec-
ified pursuant to sections 401 and 402
of the Act is named together with test
descriptions and references in Table I.
The discharge parameter values '
which reports are required must be
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 199—TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973
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terml by one of the standard ana- gional Administrator or the Director In
lyticai u« *.««***»*
*^ imnisiraior or i *ircc tor upon cue recoiu*
of the State in which such discharge ... . «... - *.«_
will occur does not object to the use of mendation of the Director of the
such alternate 'test procedures. Methods Development and Quality As-
Under certain circumstances the Re- surance Research Laboratory.
TABLE I— Liar or APPROVED TEST PROCEDURES
References
Standard A8TM EPA
methods methods
General analytical methods-
1 Alkalinity as CaCO img Tftration cleclromMnc, manual or auto- p 370 p 143 p 6
CaCO'/liter mated method— methyl orange p 8
2 B O.D five day mg/llter. Modified wlnkleror probe method p 489
3 Chemical oxygen de- Dichromate reflux p. 495 p 219 p 17.
mand (COD) mg/
liter
4 Total solids mg/Uter .. Gravimetric 103-105° C p 536. . . ... p 280
6. Total dissolved (ftlter- Glass floor nitration 1RO° C p 275.
able) solids mg/Uter.
filterable) solids mg/
liter
7 Total volatile solids mg/ Gravimetric 550° C - - p .136 p 282
liter
liter tomated phenolate p 141
tl KJeldaiil nitrogen (as N) Digestion + distillation— nesilenzallon or p 469 p 149
mg/liter titration utomated digestion phenolate p 157
10. Nitrate (as N) mg/liter. Cadmium reduction, brucine sulfate au- p 458 p. 124 p 170
tlon p 185
mg/liter. (ascorbic acid), or manual digestion, p 532 p 246
and automated single reagent or stan- D 259
nous chloride
12. Acidity me CaCOi/btcr Electrometric end point or phenolpbthol- p 148
rln end point
13. Total organic caibon Combustion— infrared method ' p 257 p 702 p 221
(TOO mp/liter v v v
14. Hardness— total mg EDTA titration: automated colorlmetrlc p 179 p. 170 p 76
CaCOi/llter atomic absorption p 78
1.1 Nitrite (as N) mg/litcr. Manual or automated colorlmetrlc dlauti- p. 185
tation. p 195.
Analytical methods for trace
metals
10. Aluminum— total ' mg/ Atomic absorption p 210 p98.
liter.
liter
IS Arsenic— total mg/liter. Digestion plus silver dlethyldithiocarba- p 65 p. 13
mate, atomic absorption ' p 62
19 Barium-total > rag/liter Atomic absorption • p 210
M Ueryllium— total ' mg/ Alummon, atomic absorption p 67
liter p 210
21 Boron -total me/liter... Curcumln p 60
22 Cadmium— total > mg/ Atomic absorption, colonmetrie p 210 p 692 p 101
liter p 42?
23 Calcium-total ' rug/liter EDTA titration atomic absorption p 84 p 692 p 102
24 Chromium VI mg/litcr. Extraction and atomic absorption, color!- p 429 p 94
metric
Parameter and units
25 Chromium— total' mg/
liter
28 Cobalt— total' mg/liter.
27 Copper— total ' rug/liter.
29 Lead total ' mg/Uter
liter.
31. Manganese— total ' mg/
liter
32 Mercury— total mg/liter.
33 Molybdenum— total '
me/liter
34 Nickel— total « me/liter.
35 Potassium — total * mg/
liter
36 Selenium— total mg/htcr.
37 Silver-total)
33 Sodium— total' mg/liter.
39 Thallium- total' mg/Uter
40 Tin— total 'mg/llter
41 Titanium— total mg/
liter
42 Vanadium — total ' mg/
liter
43 Zinc— total' mg/Uter...
Analytical methods for nu-
trients, anlons, and organlcs
44 Organic nitrogen (as N)
mg/llter
46 Ortho-phosphate (as P)
mg/Uter
46 Sulfate (as SO() mg/
liter
47 Sulftde (as S) me/liter..
48 Sulfite (as SOi) mg/
liter
49 Bromide mg/liter
50 Chloride mg/hter
51 Cyanide— total mg/hter.
52. Fluoride mg/Uter ..
53 Chlorine— total residual
mg/hter
54 Oil and grease mg/liter..
55 Phenols mg/llter
56 Surfactants ran/liter
58 Benzldme rap/liter
59 Chlorinated 01 game
compounds (except
pesticides) mg/llter
60 Pesticides mg/liter.. .
Analytical methods for
physical and biological
pat ameters
61 Color platinum-cobalt
units or dom Inant
v ave-length, hue,
luminance, purity
62 Specific conductance
raho'cm at 25° C
63. Turbidity Jackson
units
See Note at end of Table I
Method
Atomic absorption, colorlmetric
Atomic absorption, colonmetrie
do . ..
do
Atomic absorption
Atomic absorption •
Atomic absorption, colonmetrie, flame
photometric
Atomic absorption '..-
Flame photometric, atomic absorption
do
do
Atomic Absorption, Colonmetrie
KJeldahl nitrogen minus ammonia
nitrogen
Direct single reagent, automated single
reagent or stannous chloride
Gravimetric, turbidimetnc, automated
colonmetrie— banum chloramlate
Titnmetnc— iodine
do
Silver nitrate, mercuric nitrate, automated
colonmeiric-femcyanide
Distillation— silver nitrate titration or
pyndine pyrazolone colonmetrie
Distlllatlon-SPADNS
Liquid-Liquid extraction with trlchloro-
influoroethane
Colorlmetric, 4 AAP
Methylene blue colorlmetric
Gas chromatography *
Colorlmetric, speetrophotometric
Standard
methods
p. 210
p. 426
p. 210
p 430
p 210
p 433
p 210- . ..
p 436
p 210
p 416
p 201
p. 210
p 443. ..
p 283
p 285
p 210
p 317
p 210
p 444
P 468
p 632 ..
p 331
P 334
p 551
P 96
P 97
p 397
p 171
p 174
p 254...
p 802
p 339
. p 160
Turbldlmeter p 390
References
ASTM
. p 692
p 403
. p 692
. p 410...
. p 692
p 152
. p 692
p 692
. p 692
. p. 692
: !>: KM:::::::
.. p 326.......
.. p 692
.. p 42
.. p 61
.. p 62
.. p 216
-- P 23
- P 21
.. p 556
.. p 191
.. p. 446
.. p. 619
.. p. 467
EPA
methods
p. 104.
p. 106.
p. 108.
p. 110
p. 112.
p. 114.
p 115.
p. 118.
p 120
p 149
p 235
p 246
p 259
p 286
p 288
p 294
p 29
p 31.
P 41
p 64.
p. 232.
p. 131.
p. 38.
p. 284.
p. 308.
m
O
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 199—TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973
-------
28760
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Parameter and units
Method
References
Standard
methods
A8TM
EPA
methods
MPN, membrane filter; plate count p 689.
p 69l"
MPN Membrane filter p 669.
P684.
.do..
p 664.
p 679.
64 Fecal streptococci
bacteria number/100
ml
66 Colitonn bacteria
(local) number/100
ml
66 ColKorm bacteria
(total) number/100
ml
Radiological parameters
67. Alpha—total pCi/llter.. Proportional counter, scintillation counter p 508 p 509
68 Alpha—counting error do P 898 p 812
pCI/llter.
69 Beta—total pCi/llter... Proportional counterf P (98 p 478
70 Beta—counting error do p 898 p 478
pCl/lltcr
71 Radium—total pCl/ Proportional counter, scintillation counter, p 611 p 074
liter p 617
1 A number of such systems manufactured by various companies are considered to be C'mparable In their per-
formance In addition, another technique, based on Combustion-Methane Detection, is also icceptablo
> For the determination of total metals the sample Is not Altered before processing; Choose a volume of sample
appropriate for the expected level of metals If much suspended material is present, as little as 60-100 ml of well-mixed
sample will most probably be sufficient (The sample volume required may also vary proportionally with the number
of metals to be determined )
Transfer a representative aliquot of the well-mixed sample to a Gnffin beaker and add 3 ml of concentrated distilled
HNOi Place the beaker on a hotplate and evaporate to dryness making certain that the sample does not boil Cool
the beaker and add another 3 ml portion of distilled concentrated HNOi Cover the beaker with a watch gloss and
return to the hotplate Increase the temperature of the hotplate so that a gentle reflux action occurs Continue heating,
adding additional add as necessary until the digestion is complete, generally indicated by a light coloicd residue
Add (11 with distilled water) distilled concentrated HC1 in an amount sufficient to dissolve the residue upon warm-
Ing Wash down the beaker walls and the watch gloss with distilled water and niter the sample to remove silicates
and other insoluble material that could clog the atomizer Adjust the volume to some predetermined value based
on the expected metal concentrations The sample Is now ready for analysis Concentrations so determined shall be
reported as "total"
'See D C Manning, "Technical Notes", Atomic Absorption Newsletter, Vol 10, No 6 p 123,1971 Available
from Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Main Avenue, Norwalk, Connecticut 06852
< Atomic absorption method available from Methods Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratoiy,
National Environmental Research Center, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
1 For updated method, see Journal of the American Water Works Association 61, No 1, pp 20-25 (Jan 1972) or
ASTM Method D 3223-73, American Society for Testing and Materials Headqumlers, 1916 Race St, Philadelphia,
Pa 19103
1 Interim procedures for algicides, chlorinated organic compounds, and pesticides can be obtained fiom the Methods
Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratory, National Environmental Research Center, USEPA,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
' Bentldlne may be estimated by the method of M A EI-Dib, "Colorlmetnc Determination of Aniline Derivatives
In Natural Waters", El-Dlb, M A , Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Vol 64, No 6, Nov ,
1971, pp 1383-1387
fAs a prescrcening measurement
§ 136.4 Application for alternate test
procedures.
(a) Any person may apply to the Re-
gional Administrator in the Region
where the discharge occurs for approval
of an alternative test procedure.
(b) When the discharge for which an
alternative test procedure is proposed
occurs within a State having a permit
program approved pursuant to section
402 of the Act, the applicant shall sub-
mit his application to the Regional Ad-
ministrator through the Director of the
State agency having responsibility for
issuance of NPDES permits within such
State.
(c) Unless and until printed applica-
tion forms are made available, an appli-
cation for an alternate test procedure
may be made by letter in triplicate. Any
application for an alternate test proce-
dure under this subchapter shall:
(1) Provide the name and address of
the responsible person or firm making
the discharge (if not the applicant) and
the applicable ID number of the existing
or pending permit, issuing agency, and
type of permit for which the alternate
test procedure is requested, and the dis-
charge serial number.
(2) Identify the pollutant or parame-
ter for which approval of an alternate
testing procedure is being requested.
(3) Provide justification for using
testing procedures other than those
specified in Table I.
(4) Provide a detailed description of
the proposed alternate test procedu-~
together with references to publisl
studies of the applicability of the altt.
nate test procedure to the effluents in
question.
§ 136.5 Approval of alternate lest pro-
cedures.
(a) The Regional Administrator of
the region in which the discharge will
occur has final responsibility for ap-
proval of any alternate test procedure.
(b) Within thirty days of receipt of
an application, the Director will forward
such application, together with his rec-
ommendations, to the Regional Admin-
istrator. Where the Director recommends
rejection of the application for scien-
tific and technical reasons which he pro-
vides, the Regional Administrator shall
deny the application, and shall forward
a copy of the rejected application and
his decision to the Director of the State
Permit Program and to the Director of
the Methods Development and Quality
Assurance Research Laboratory
(c) Before approving any application
for an alternate test procedure, the Re-
gional Administrator shall forward a
copy of the application to the Director
of the Methods Development and Qual-
ity Assurance Laboratory for review and
recommendation
(d) Within ninety days of receipt by
the. Regional Administrator of an appli-
cation for an alternate test procedure,
the Regional Administrator shall notify
the applicant and the appropriate State
agency of approval or rejection, or sl>
specify the additional information wh
is required to determine whether to ap-
prove the proposed test procedure Prior
to the expiration of such ninety day pe-
riod, a recommendation providing the
scientific and other technical basis for
acceptance or rejection will be forwarded
to the Regional Administrator by the Di-
rector of the Metho* Development and
Quality Assurance Research Laboratory.
A copy of all approval and rejection
notifications will be forwarded to the
Director, Methods Development and
Quality Assurance Research Laboratory,
for the purposes of national coordination.
[PR Doc 73-21466 Filed 10-16-73:8 45 am]
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 199—TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1973
-------
ANNOUNCING THE COURSE
Course Availability
Course availability is most likely to be established
through one of two mechanisms:
1. Management or regulatory authority determines that
training is required, makes arrangements for course
presentation, and instructs designated personnel to
appear at a specified time and place for training; or,
2. The course may be planned by a training organization,
which schedules and publicly announces the course
either as a special offering or as an element of an
overall curriculum of training.
Responsibility for Course Announcement
All training organizations should establish and main-
tain mailing lists of officials, organizations, and
interested individuals to whom training announcements
should be addressed.
Course announcements should be released by the training
organization and/or the sponsoring agency (if applicable).
When a special course offering is planned at the request
of management or regulatory authority, with identified
class participants, it usually is best for the requesting
authority to make the announcement.
How Announced
1. Training bulletins, or catalogues are widely used by
established training organization, and should be used
AT.EMP.5.9.74 2-1
-------
for announcement of this course when offered as part
of an ongoing curriculum of courses.
2. Special fliers, or brochures, should be developed for
public announcement through established mailing lists.
These releases may be used for regular offerings of
an ongoing curriculum of courses; but they are particu-
larly applicable when a special offering of the course
is planned.
3. The course may be announced in a journal, newsletter,
or other periodical widely read by the personnel for
whom the training is intended.
4. The course may be announced by personal letter or
other direct communication with a student assigned to
take the training.
When Announced
Training catalogues or bulletins usually are for a
period of one year or more. Accordingly, the prospective
student should have from three months to one year of
advance notice of the training.
When the course is a special offering, announced
through a flier or other special mechanism, at least 90
days should be provided between release of the announcement
and the start of the course. There are at least two reasons
for this:
1. Permits course applicants to secure necessary approvals
for attendance, to make personal scheduling arrangements;
and,
2-2
-------
2. Provides course presentation staff with lead time for
course preparations, acquiring special instructional
materials, preparation of laboratory supplies and
equipment, and related tasks.
Information Provided in Course Announcement
The following list should be helpful as a checklist to
those preparing a course announcement. Samples of an
announcement for this course as it might appear in a special
flier, and as it might appear in a catalogue of courses,
are shown in the section of this Guide titled SECRETARIAL
PREPARATIONS.
In the event that the course is announced in a periodi-
cal, the editor may apply constraints on style and format
which make it impossible to provide all the pertinent infor-
mation on the course. In such cases the announcement must
provide the name and address of an office from which further
information can be obtained. The information to be provided
should be as complete as that given in a course flier or
catalogue and, naturally, should include any additional
special information specifically requested.
The following identification of contents of a course
announcement will be helpful as a checklist to those pre-
paring an original course announcement:
1. Course title
2. Dates and location
3. Name of organization conducting the course (and name
of co-sponsor, if applicable)
4. Description of intended student body
5. Reason why this training is needed
2-3
-------
6. Identification of knowledge and skills the participant
will have on satisfactory completion of training.
7. Description of the training environment to be used
(classroom, laboratory, field, in-plant, etc.)
8. Prerequisites for attendance (identification of special
knowledge and skills, or completion of other training,
which the applicant must have for admission to this
course)
9. Tuition (if applicable)
10. How and where to apply for admission to this course
2-4
-------
SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES; BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS
Summary Plan for Course
Monday
Activity
Registration
Course Coordinator
Course Objectives
and Organization
Course Coordinator
Permit Requirements
Engineer
BOD5
Chemist
Time
Hours
1/4
1/4
1/2
5-3/4
NOTES :
1. Program time only is showr
for lunch and breaks.
2. Leading instructor only is
will provide support to IE
laboratory instruction.
Tuesday
Activity
Use of the DO Probe
Chemist
PH
Chemist
Fecal Coliform
Microbiologist
Time
Hours
2
L-l/2
4-1/2
Wednesday
Activity
Evaluation of
Student
Performance
Engineer
Flow Measurements
Parshall Flume
Weir
Engineer
Residual Chlorine
Chemist
Fecal Coliform
(Continued)
Microbiologist
Time
Hours
3/4
3-1/4
2
1-1/2
i. Additional time required
> designated. Other instructors
iading instructors for all
Thursday
Activity
Evaluation of
Student
Performance
Engineer
Suspended Solids
Chemist
Bacteriological
Sampling
Microbiologist
General Principles
of Sewage Sampling
Engineer
Fecal Coliform
(Continued)
Microbiologist
Time
Hours
3/4
4-1/4
1/2
1
1-1/4
Friday
Activity
Evaluation of
Student
Performance
Engineer
Fecal Coliform
Geometric Mean
Microbiologist
BOD 5 (Continued)
Chemist
Suspended Solids
(Continued)
Chemist
Reporting
Monitoring Data
Engineer
Course Closing
Exercises
All Staff
Time
Hours
3/4
2
3/4
1/4
2
1/4
(U
•
ov
-------
(Sample Schedule)
SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES -
BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS (164.IT)
(Location)
(Dates)
Course Coordinator:
DAY & TIME
Monday
8:30 -
8:45 -
9:15 -
9:30 -
9:45 -
8:45
9:15
9:30
9:45
4:30
SUBJECT
Registration
Course Objectives &
Permit Requirements
Break
5-Day BOD Test
Organization
INSTRUCTOR
Course Coordinator
Course Coordinator
Engineer
Chemist
Tuesday
8:30 - 9:15
9:15 - 9:30
9:30 - 11:00
11:00 - 12:00
12:00 - 1:00
1:00 - 4:30
Wednesday
8:30 - 9:15
9:15 - 9:30
9:30 - 12:30
12:30 -
1:30 -
2:30 -
4:00 -
1:30
2:30
4:00
5:00
(Break & Lunch at time
designated by instructor)
Evaluation of Monday's Performance
Break
PH
Fecal Coliform
Lunch
Fecal Coliform (Continued)
Evaluation of Tuesday's
Performance
Break
Flow Measurements
Parshall Flume
Weir
Lunch
Flow Measurements (Continued
Residual Chlorine
Fecal Coliform (Continued)
Engineer
Chemist
Microbiologist
Microbiologist
Engineer - Staff
Engineer
Engineer
Chemist
Microbiologist
*NOTE: For actual course presentation, insert the name of the
instructor instead of the technical specialty, as shown.
AT.BMP.(164.1)2.9.74
4-1
-------
Agenda
DAY & TIME
Thursday
8:30 -
9:15 -
9:30 -
12:00 -
12:45 -
2:45 -
4:00 -
Friday
8:30 -
9:15 -
9:30 -
11:30 -
12:30 -
1:30 -
1:45 -
2:30 -
9:15
9:30
12:00
12:45
2:45
4:00
5:00
9:15
9:30
11:30
12:30
1:30
1:45
2:30
2:45
SUBJECT
Evaluation of Wednesday's
Performance
Break
Suspended Solids
Lunch
Suspended Solids (Continued)
Fecal Coliform (Continued)
General Principles of
Sewage Sampling
Evaluation of Thursday's
Performance
Break
Fecal Coliform: Geometric Mean
5-Day BOD Test (Concluded)
Lunch
Suspended Solids (Concluded)
Reporting Self -Monitor ing Data
Course Closing Exercises
INSTRUCTOR
Engineer -
Chemist
Chemist
Staff
Microbiologist
Engineer
Engineer -
Staff
Microbiologist
Chemist
Chemist
Engineer
All Staff
4-2
-------
Course Milestones (164.1)
The following pages list individual responsibilities in a chrono-
logical order for preparations for this course.
Due to the fact that some of the test procedures may be omitted
from the course programming, as, for instance, the presentation
of the MPN bacteriological procedure without mention of the MF
procedure, it is necessary to be aware of the agenda topics prior
to use of these suggested milestone time periods.
Once the EMP's to be used are known it is only necessary to know
the reference numbers which the responsible individual will use
and the tables can be followed referring to these numbers. (See
page 2 for the reference number matching with each EMP.)
It will be obvious that some individual job titles will be non-
existent for a particular training facility and an individual may
have multiple responsibilities when referring to this listing.
Also, as shown on page 2, individuals with certain professional
backgrounds are given primary responsibility for certain tests,
as, for instance, a chemist for the BOD5 test procedure. This,
again, may not be the case for the staff personnel at the training
facility.
AT.EMP(164.1)10.11.74 5-1
-------
Code
Description
Title
CH.O.bod.EMP.la.8.74
CH.O.EMP.1.8.74
CH.O.do.EMP.1.8.74
CH.pH.EMP.1.4.74
W.BA.sa.EMP.1.6.74
W.BA.EMP.2.4.74
ST.EMP.1.4.74
EN.FM.BMP.2.4.74
EN.FM.BMP.1.4.74
CH.A.CL.EMP.1.4.74
CH.SOL.SUS.EMP.1.9.74
W.BA.3.11.74
Determination of Five-Day Bio-
chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD,-)
Winkler Determination of Dis-
solved Oxygen Azide Modification
Chemist
Chemist
Determination of Dissolved Oxygen Chemist
Oxygen using a Dissolved Oxygen
Meter
pH Determination of Wastewater
and Wastewater Treatment Plant
Effluent
Collection and Handling of Bac-
teriological Samples from a
Wastewater Treatment Facility
Fecal Coliform Test by the
Multiple Dilution Tube Method
Calculation of the Geometric
Mean of Coliform Counts by the
use of Logarithms
Measurement of Flow in an Open
Channel by Parshall Flume
Measurement of Flow in an Open
Channel by Sharp-Crested Weir
Amperometric Determination of
Free and Combined Residual
Chlorine in Wastewater
Chemist
Microbiologist
Microbiologist
Engineer
Engineer
Engineer
Chemist
Determination of Total Suspended Chemist
(Non-Filterable) Solids mg/liter
Fecal Coliform Test by the
Membrane Filter Method
Microbiologist
5-2
-------
Outline No.
and Remarks
5 to 6 Months before Course
Determination of the need and
decision to have course.
Designation of Course Director
and Course Secretary.
Development and release of
Course Announcement including
location, date, general state-
ment of course content and
training objectives.
Course Registrations received
ar*x accepted from time of
uncement to first day of
c^-rse, subject to class size
limitations.
3 Months before Course
Review equipment and supplies
list for items which may be
purchased or borrowed.
Commit all staff personnel who
will participate in course.
Inventory stock of course
manual.
2 Months before Course
Request equipment and supplies
from lending organizations
(flow-measurement models,
audiovisual training aids,
audiovisual support equipment,
etc.)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Director reviews
application form and
forwards to secre-
tary for appropriate
action.
Professional staff
initiates requests
through director.
First assignment
will be equipment
and supplies review.
Supplies should be
adequate for each
trainee and staff
member.
Professional staff
initiates requests
through director.
Should be received
at least one week
before course and
checked when
received.
5-3
-------
3 Weeks before Course
Prepare Glassware:
Microbiology tubes and gas
vials (cleaned, rinsed and
dried) .
Bottles, dilution (clean,
rinse and dry) . Fill with
buffered distilled water and
sterilize.
Bottles, sample (clean,
rinse and dry... then steri-
lize.
Pipets (clean, rinse and dry
...then sterilize)
Non-sterile
Pipets, volumetric (clean and
dry)
BOD bottles (clean and dry)
Bottles, 1 liter (clean,
rinse and dry)
Bottle, glass stoppered
(clean, rinse and dry)
Cylinders, graduated (clean,
rinse and dry)
Buret (clean, rinse and dry)
Flask, Erlenmeyer (clean,
rinse and dry)
Beakers (clean, rinse and
dry)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6
6
6, 12
6, 12
2, 10
1
1, 2, 3
2
2, 3
2, 3
2
3
4
5-4
-------
Outline No.
and Remarks
3 Weeks before Course
Capital Equipment Operational
Check:
Balance, trip and analytical
Still, distilled water
Oven, sterilizing or drying
temperature ranges
Incubator, chemical testing
or microbiological analysis
Refrigerator
DO meter
pH meter
Autoclave sterilizing
Amperometric titrator
Microscope, stereoscope
Vacuum source
Filtration unit (MF)
2 Weeks before Course
Inventory availability of
all reusable and consumable
materials and equipment.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12
Operate to use
product in chemistry
and microbiology
operations.
2, 6, 11, 12
1, 6, 12
2, 5, 12
3
4, 6, 12
6, 12
10
12
11, 12
12, wrap and steri-
lize.
All EMP's.
5-5
-------
1 Week before Course
Reagent and Media Preparation:
Phosphate buffer solution
Magnesium sulfate solution
Calcium chlorine solution
Ferric chloride solution
Manganous sulfate solution
Alkaline iodine azide solution
Starch solution
Sodium thiosulfate stock
solution
Sodium thiosulfate standard
titrant
Potassium biiodate standard
Electrolyte solution
Sodium hydroxide solution
Lactose Lauryl sulfate tryptose
broth
EC broth
Disinfectant solution
,
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
6
6
6
tube and steri-
lize.
tube and steri-
lize.
6, 12; place in
bottles for lab
use.
5-6
-------
3 to 1 Day before Course
Course Material
Course Manual
Handout material, if any.
Registration cards
Classroom Inspection and
Preparation
Seating arrangements
Equipment
PA System
Blackboards, flip charts,
etc.
Projection equipment
(operation, backup unit,
and extra bulbs)
Electrical System
(lighting, dimmer circuits,
recepticles . etc . )
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Can be given by
individual
instructors if
desired.
5-7
-------
< Outline No. and
3 to 1 Day before Course (cont'd)
Capital Equipment
Still
Oven
Incubator
Refrigerator
Meters, pH; DO; Amperometric
Laboratory
Assemble all reagents, media,
supplies, etc.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Operate and obtain
adequate amount for
course.
Operate and check
for proper range.
Operate and cali-
brate. . . .preferable
to operate at le»-<*t
two days to rea
equilibrium.
Turn on or observe
temperature .
Calibrate
5-8
-------
No. and
4th Day of Course
Review trainee list as to those
eligible to receive end-of-
course certificate. Complete
certificates as to contents
and signatures.
Pass out critique sheets to
trainees for overnight
consideration .
5th Day of Course
Collect critique sheets
Pass out course certificates
Classroom and laboratory
cleanup.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5-9
-------
Part I. Course Management
—B. Training Resources
Resources for presentation of this course are discussed
under four headings:
1. Training Staff
2. Facilities
3. Equipment and Supplies
4. Instructional Materials
Staffing plans, equipment, supplies, and facilities
described in this Guide are based on a class of 18 students.
For at least the first several (3 or 4) course offerings,
it is urged that this maximum number of students per class
be strictly adhered to.
A staff experienced in presentation of this course may be
able to increase class size to, say, 24 students. On no
account should this laboratory-oriented course exceed 24
students with an instructional class of the size described
here. Large numbers of students per instructor simply
cannot be provided with the individual attention and instruc-
tion required for effective training and assurance that they
have indeed learned to perform the analyses which are the
subject of this course.
If the number of workers requiring this course is quite
large, the best course of action is to meet the training
need through providing a greater number of course offerings.
The required instructional resources, shown in outline 9,
are consolidated from the individual instructional units
shown in Part II. Training administrators should coordinate
requests for instructional resources to be acquired, through
loan or through purchase, from other sources. This outline
provides a basis for such coordination.
-AT.BMP. (164.1)3.9.74
-------
TRAINING STAFF
I. General Comments
Each member of the training staff for this, as for any short
course, is a member of a team. This team can function
effectively only through each member's understanding of the
training goals to be met, the plans for meeting these goals,
through performance of his/her own duties, and through pro-
viding mutually supportive activity with other team members
for the effective conduct of the course as a whole.
Each member of the instructional team should—
A. Have thorough knowledge of the subject matter for
which he/she has responsibility, including a high
order of technical skill in any procedures to be
carried out;
B. Be able to perform effectively as an instructor, both
in the classroom and in the laboratory. This includes
ability to make rapid adjustments in the style and
technical level of instruction in order to work with
students having a varied range of entry-level knowledge,
skills, and prior education; and
C. Be willing to accept a certain rigidity in the choice
of analytical procedures to be taught, in accordance
with policies and formal directives of the applicable
regulatory authority (ies). The basis for, and recom-
mended procedures to be followed, in introducing varia-
tions in methods to be taught in tests and measurements
of municipal effluents is discussed elsewhere in this
Guide.
AT.EMP(164.1)4.9.74 6-1
-------
II. Staff and Estimated Time Allocations
Each member of the training staff has specific duties
before, during, and after the scheduled course dates.
For planning purposes, it is assumed that pre-course
activity will begin two months or more, as required,
before classroom instruction begins. During this period,
the estimated time allocations will permit the phasing-in
of work activity for this course with other duties of all
personnel. During the course, all instructional staff
and laboratory assistant (if used) are fully occupied,
and should not be given any other duty assignments. Post-
course activities should be completed within one or two
weeks after the last day of instruction. In the post-
course period, all staff may begin to phase in other
duties pending final completion of all details associated
with this training effort.
Staff Identification Working Days
(estimate)
Q) tn
M C M
O -H
-------
Laboratory Support
F. Laboratory Assistant (1) 10 5 5
(optional)
(NOTE: Distribution of time between instructional days
and coordination days is attributed here to the engineer;
it could be any of the staff.)
III. Duties and Responsibilities of Staff
A. Course Coordinator
This individual may be known variously as Course
Director, Course Leader, or by some other term suit-
able to the situation. In most cases the Course
Coordinator will function in a dual capacity as one
of the instructional staff for the course. In principle
any one of the instructors could function as Course Co-
ordinator. In the absence of other factors, it may be
best to have the individual who bears the lightest
teaching load to act as Course Coordinator. Ordinarily,
the instructor designated as Engineer will have the
lightest teaching load.
1. Before the course, the Coordinator receives
assignment from management to lead the course,
after which he/she
a) Obtains commitment of the other members of the
training team for the course, including secre-
tary, instructors, and (if used) laboratory
assistant;
b) Determines the composition and geographic
origin of the student body to be trained;
c) Develops a working schedule and specific staff
assignments for all significant milestone
stages of course preparation and implementation;
6-3
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d) Meets with course staff, distributes instruc-
tional guides and related training materials,
and reviews the preparation plans and day-to-
day working schedule; assigns specific topics
and time allocation for which each instructor
has instructional responsibility and for which
each instructor serves as assistant to prime
instructor.
e) Identifies which, if any, available options in
procedures should be taught for compliance with
directives of the governing regulatory authority
(-ies);
f) Prepares announcement of the course, and dis-
tributes it as appropriate to the potential
student body;
g) Reviews classroom and laboratory facilities,
making arrangements for any required repairs
or adaptations;
h) In consultation with instructors reviews avail-
ability and condition of all equipment, supplies,
and other training resources required for the
courses, and makes timely arrangements for
repair and maintenance, reorder, or borrowing
of needed items;
Arranges for supplies of student reference texts
and associated training materials;
i) Works with secretary in registration of students
and in all pre-course communications on
schedules, local housing and transportation,
and other pertinent matters;
j) If the course is to be conducted in a "field"
location, coordinates timely arrangements for
staff travel, transportation of equipment and
6-4
-------
supplies, arrangements for training facilities,
local housing and transportation, determination
of availability and location of dining facili-
ties, and any other preparations required for
course conduct away from normal base location;
k) Initiates periodic and timely checks with
other training team members to assure that
their pre-course preparations are on schedule
and that preparation of required resources is
moving ahead according to plan. Takes action
as necessary to identify problems and to
expedite solutions as the need arises;
1) Represents the training team in all formal com-
munications with management, host organiza-
tions, students, and with commercial or private
sources of equipment and supplies.
During the course, the Course Coordinator--
a) Is in charge of course opening exercises,
including student registration, welcome and
staff introductions. Presents and discusses
course objectives;
b) Maintains general supervision of course,
assuring that all activities are kept on
schedule; maintains liaison between staff
members and other interfacing organizations/
individuals as necessary;
c) Maintains consolidated summary record of stu-
dent performance based on information provided
by other instructors; with staff determines
which students should/should not be recorded
as having satisfactorily met training objec-
tives ;
6-5
-------
d) Provides Course Secretary with timely informa-
tion necessary for preparation of course cer-
tificates; signs course certificates as repre-
sentative of the course training staff;
e) Presides over course closing activities,
including award of certificates.
3. After the course, the Course Coordinator—
a) Reviews and evaluates with the instructional
staff all matters considered pertinent to the
effective implementation of the course as
planned, developing proposals and plans for
adjustments as necessary for future offerings
of the course;
b) Orders repair, renovation, and replacement of
any equipment or supplies such attention;
Coordinates return of any borrowed resources
used in the course;
c) If course was conducted in the field, co-
ordinates repacking and return shipment of
all equipment and supplies;
d) Drafts course summary/evaluation report;
e) Prepares and forwards any reports required by
other supervising, coordinating, or financing
authority.
B. Course Secretary
The Course Secretary works under the direct supervision
of the Course Coordinator, and prepares or arranges
preparation of all formal communications, procurement
documents, training materials, and records required for
6-6
-------
course preparation and implementation. The Course
Secretary also provides office support work for the
course instructional staff in all matters pertaining
to course preparation and implementation.
1. Before the course, the Course Secretary—
a) Works with the Course Coordinator in identifi-
cation and preparation of copies of all per-
tinent course materials for use in planning
conferences between Course Coordinator and the
instructional staff, including instructors'
copies of working schedules for course prepara-
tion, course agenda from preliminary to final
draft, staff assignments, instructor lesson
guides, all student instructional materials
and associated data sheets, student evaluation
sheets, quizzes, and any other typed or printed
material projected for course use.
b) After Course Coordinator's conference with
instructional staff, and resolution of decision
making issues, arranges for printing (or repro-
duction) and assembly of all materials indicated
under (1) above; in a quantity adequate for
projected course requirements;
c) Projected course announcement as directed by
Course Coordinator, arranges for printing or
reproduction, and distribution as specified;
d) Serves as Registrar, maintaining roster and
records of students submitting application and
accepted for admission to the course, prepares
routine response to students announcing
acceptance with information as appropriate on
6-7
-------
course dates and schedule, local "geography"
including key addresses, hotel/motel/dining
information, local transportation information,
and any other information which will simplify
personal planning of registered students;
e) Prepares, or arranges for, all individual
student supplies, including registration cards,
course manuals, note paper, pencils, name tags
(1 for wearing and 1 for use at classroom
seating position), course certificates, etc.;
f) Prepares orders or procurement requests for
equipment and supplies needed for the course
based on specifications provided by the
instructional staff;
g) If the course is a "field" presentation, makes
arrangements for shipment of equipment and
supplies to course site and return, staff
travel schedules and order of tickets, hotel
reservations, and associated functions;
h) Prepares classroom for use in the course,
including distribution of individual student
materials to seating positions, arrangements
for classroom organization of audiovisual pro-
jection or playback equipment, chalkboards and
associated supplies, and other classroom needs.
(Ordinarily, the Course Secretary does not
travel to a "field" presentation; this function
will have to be provided through special
arrangements with the host organization at the
course site.)
6-8
-------
2. During the course, the Course Secretary functions as
an "unofficial staff hostess," and
a) Attends course opening exercises, assisting
students in completion of registration cards
and associated records;
b) Prepares course summary registration informa-
tion, prepares class roster on first day of
course and distributes copies to students and
instructors, keeping copies for future records;
c) Provides clerical/secretarial support to Course
Coordinator and instructional staff as required;
d) Receives incoming mail and messages for staff
and students, expediting communications to
extent practical and feasible;
e) Prepares course certificates as specified by
course coordinator on last day of course;
f) Inspects classroom daily, making arrangements
as necessary for coordination of deficiencies
in janitorial services, and personally corrects
minor deficiencies to extent feasible;
g) Attends and participates in course closing
exercises.
3. After the course, the Course Secretary—
a) Prepares typed copy of all reports drafted by
the Course Coordinator, and forwards reports
as indicated;
b) Places purchase orders or procurement requests
for repair, renovation, or replacement of
equipment and supplies as directed by Course
Director;
6-9
-------
c) Removes all course supplies from the classroom;
returns borrowed resources; leaves classroom
in condition suitable for use by following
class (this does not imply janitorial services!);
d) If course is conducted on repetitive basis,
inventories all consumable classroom supplies,
including data sheets, worksheets, quizzes,
course schedules, and the like, and reorders or
provides for reproduction of any items coming
into short supply.
C. Instructor (Chemistry, Engineering, Microbiology)
1. Before the course, each instructor receives course
duty assignment from management, and—
a) Meets with Course Coordinator for discussions
of course plans, objectives, and for development
of day-to-day course preparation schedule;
b) In conference with Course Coordinator determines
which of any options in tests and measurements
will be taught, determines lesson guides to be
followed and student reference materials to be
used, and resolves any other problems on instruc-
tional materials, their content, and related
matters which should be determined beforehand;
c) Reviews requirements for equipment, supplies,
audiovisual training aids, and other training
resources to be used in individual instructional
assignments. Performs equipment upkeep and
maintenance procedures, prepares supplies and
reagents required to be available for student
use, Provides Course Coordinator with timely,
6-10
-------
detailed information on specifications for all
equipment, supplies, and other training resources
which must be purchased, rented, or borrowed for
the course;
d) If the course is to be conducted in a "field"
location, packs equipment and supplies for ship-
ment so that they will arrive at destination in
good condition; identifies to the Course Coordi-
nator the equipment and supplies which should
not or cannot be shipped which should be pro-
vided otherwise at the course site;
e) Rehearses all classroom and laboratory instruc-
tional presentations to the extent necessary to
assure effective performance within the scheduled
time allocation;
f) Reviews and practices all tests and measurements
for which he/she has responsibility as leading
instructor to assure personal proficiency and
adequacy of pre-course plans and preparations;
supervises pre-course practice of other instructors
who will serve as assistant instructors for
specified procedures;
g) Serves as assistant instructor for specified
tests and measurements, developing personal
proficiency through pre-course practice under
supervision of the applicable leading instructor,
and teaches the tests and measurements in accord-
ance with techniques specified by the leading
instructor; and
h) Reports periodically as requested to the Course
Coordinator on status of course preparations,
and cooperates in working out timely procedures
for their solution.
6-11
-------
During the course, the instructor designated
"chemist" -
a) Attends and participates in course opening
exercises;
b) Serves as leading instructor for the following
tests and measurements: BOD^, pH, residual
chlorine, and suspended solids. In this capacity
the chemist is responsible for all classroom
instruction on the designated subjects, leader-
ship of all laboratory instruction, collection
of (or arrangements for) samples for laboratory
examination by class, student performance
evaluation and associated records for submission
to Course Coordinator, and student counseling on
pertinent matters related to area of personal
responsibility;
c) Attends and participates in all classroom
start-of-day evaluation sessions on previous
day's student performance;
d) Assists leading instructor in laboratory instruc-
tion phases of fecal coliform test and flow
measurements, including preparation and
organization;
e) Attends and participates in course closing
exercises
During the course, the instructor designated
"engineer" -
a) Usually functions also as Course Coordinator
(see duties described separately);
b) Attends and participates in course opening
exercises;
c) Serves as leading instructor for the following
instructional elements in the course:
6-12
-------
permit requirements/ flow measurement, sample
collection, and the reporting of monitoring
data;
d) Presides at classroom review and evaluations at
start of each day's program;
e) Assists other instructional staff wherever
possible, particularly in laboratory instructions,
in sample collections for class use and in prepara-
tion for changes from laboratory function to
another;
f) Attends and participates in course closing
exercises.
During the course, the instructor designated
"microbiologist" -
a) Attends and participates in course opening
exercises;
b) Serves as leading instructor for the following
subjects: bacteriological sampling, fecal
coliform tests, fecal coliform geometric mean
determination. In this capacity the microbiologist
is responsible for all classroom instruction on
the designated subjects, leadership of all labora-
tory instruction, collection of (or arrangements
for) samples for laboratory examination by class;
student performance evaluation and associated
reports for submission to Course Coordinator,
and student counseling on pertinent matters
related to area of personal responsibility;
c) Attends and participates in all classroom
start-of-day evaluation sessions on previous
day's student performance;
6-13
-------
d) Assists leading instructor in laboratory
instruction phases of BOD_, pH, residual
chlorine, and suspended solids, including
laboratory preparation and organization;
e) Attends and participates in course closing
exercises.
5. After the course, all instructors -
a) Review the course implementation experience
with the Course Coordinator, mutually develop-
ing proposals and plans for adjustments as
necessary for future offerings of the course;
b) Evaluates condition of all equipment and supplies,
initiating action to repair, renovate, or replace
any items found deficient or in short supply;
c) Takes necessary action to put laboratory into
state of neatness and order for occupancy of the
next course (this does not imply janitorial
service!);
d) If course was conducted in the field, repacks
all equipment and supplies for return to home
institution, after at least superficial cleaning
of all dirty or contaminated glassware;
e) On return of shipment to home institution,
unpacks all equipment and supplies, returning
it to designated custodial site, including
return of borrowed equipment and other return-
able resources.
D. Laboratory Assistant
The Laboratory Assistant is designated as "optional"
in the staffing plan, but services of a laboratory
assistant are strongly recommended. This is particularly
urged in a fixed training installation where this and
6-14
-------
other courses are being conducted on a continuing or
repetitive basis. The laboratory assistant works
particularly in support of the instructional staff.
The assistant will be given routine tasks which will
free the instructional staff for more specialized or
complicated tasks associated with the planning,
preparation, and implementation of the training.
1. Before the course, the Laboratory Assistant -
a) Works closely with the instructional staff
members, performing standardized tasks as
specified in the course preparation plan.
These duties will fall primarily under items
3, a, (3) and (4);
b) Organizes laboratory supplies and equipment
for each procedure in such a way as to permit
distribution to the students or to their
working sites with maximum efficiency during
the course presentation;
c) Assists Course Secretary wherever feasible in
assembly and organization of student instruc-
tional materials, classroom preparation, and
related tasks.
2. During the course, the laboratory assistant -
a) Performs all possible tasks in support of lead-
ing instructors in setting up student work
positions, collecting and returning used glass-
ware, supplies and equipment, etc., to central
repository;
b) Cleans and maintains all glassware and supplies
other than those stipulated for student
performance;
6-15
-------
c) Notifies leading instructor promptly of any
noted discrepancies or deficiencies in supplies,
equipment, or planning which leads to problems
in implementing the course;
d) In field courses, packs equipment in shipping
cases as rapidly as its use has been completed
for the course.
After the course, the Laboratory Assistant -
a) Assists instructors in all equipment and supply
inspection, renovation, and return to proper
location;
b) Puts laboratory in state of neatness and order
preparatory to use for next class;
c) Prepares any stable supplies required for next
offering of the course, within limits of technical
capability.
6-16
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TRAINING FACILITIES AND FACILITIES-ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
I. General Considerations
A. This course requires both a classroom and a
laboratory for class use. Effective presentation
of the course requires staff attention to many
details related to these facilities. Problems more
often occur in field courses (i.e., away from
"home base"). In any location it is unusual that
all desired features of a training facility will be
met, but with timely attention most problems can be
solved or at least partially resolved.
B. Spatial Relationships
Classroom and laboratory should be separate, but
close together. Much of the instruction requires
frequent shifts between classroom and laboratory.
Therefore, the classroom and laboratory must not
be in separate buildings, and should not be far
apart in any structure.
C. Associated Comforts
1. The classroom and the laboratory should have a
comfortable temperature, be free of obvious
drafts, be well-ventilated, and should be
well-lighted. It is, of course, possible to
develop specifications for acceptable tempera-
ture ranges, light intensity ranges, humidity,
etc.; but there is no substitute for exercise
of good judgment.
2. Suitable restroom and drinking fountain facilities
should be convenient to the classroom and laboratory,
AT.EMP(164.1)5.9.74 7~1
-------
3. Smoking:
a) NO SMOKING IN THE LABORATORY. There should
be no compromise on this.
b) Some schools permit smoking in the classrooms.
If this is the practice, it is advisable to
locate ashtrays so that smokers sit in an
area where their smoking will not disturb
others.
Lunchroom Facilities
Most schedules for this course will allow a one-hour
lunch break. It is advisable that the course staff
identify and make known to the class the names and
locations of convenient dining facilities where
service, variety, quality, and price are satisfactory.
Comments to Class about Facilities
1. On the first day of the course the general
orientation should include such information as
the class needs on the location and use of
facilities and conveniences for class use.
2. It is strongly urged that the entire training
staff never at any time indulge in apologies or
criticisms of the classroom or laboratory
facilities being used. Such remarks serve no
useful purpose and can only detract from an
effective program, provided that everything
possible has been done beforehand to resolve
existing problems with facilities. Student
comments and complaints should be given an
honest response, but such comments from students
should not be regarded as an excuse for staff
to enlarge on the subject.
7-2
-------
II. Classroom
A. General Features
1. Door at rear of room is preferred; this permits
entry of latecomers without excessive distraction
of class.
2. The classroom should be free from excessive
extraneous noises, such as from construction
projects, heavy traffic, or from aircraft.
3. The classroom should have adequate electric
power outlets (115V) for use of audiovisual
equipment. The receptacles should be inspected
for assurance that they are compatible with the
plugs used on the audiovisual projector equip-
ment being used, and adapters and extension
cords secured as required.
4. Room size should be adequate for seating 18
students, plus providing for instructor
equipment, projection equipment, and a modest
number (4 to 8) of intermittent visitors to the
classroom.
5. The classroom should be capable of being
darkened quickly and effectively for use of
projection equipment or television. Room
dimmer lights for indirect lighting (not striking
the screen directly) are recommended in fixed
training installations, but can be dispensed with
in a field training situation.
B. Student Facilities
1. Ideally, students should be seated at tables,
with all seats facing the instructor's area at
the front of the classroom. Each student should
7-3
-------
be allocated 30" or more of table width.
The sidearm chairs so familiar in the class-
rooms of secondary schools and colleges may be
used if absolutely necessary, but are distinctly
inferior to tables for student work.
2. Student seating should be at least two screen
widths from the projection screen (assuming a
61 screen, no student closer than 12' from the
screen) and not more than 6 screen widths from
the screen (again assuming a 6* screen, no
student more than 36' from the screen).
Furthermore, all students should be seated within
a 30° angle to the left and to the right of a
line from the middle of the projection screen
to the projector.
Classroom Instructional Facilities
1. Lectern, either freestanding or table-type;
suitable for standing instructor.
2. Demonstration table at front of classroom,
approximately 31 x 5*.
3. Chalkboard, at least 3' x 5' (preferably larger),
with chalk, erasers, pointer.
4. Audiovisual equipment
a) Public address system (optional but recommended)
with lavalier microphone with adequate cord
length to permit instructor to move about at
front of classroom with relative freedom.
b) Projection screen (for size consideration
see B.2. above), matte, beaded, or lenticular
surface.
c) Projector, 35-mm slide projector for slides
mounted in cardboard or plastic mount;
7-4
-------
carousel type preferred. Should have
projection lens with cord length suitable
for use from rear of room.
d) Projector, overhead type, for use with
projectuals approximately 7" x 9".
e) Cassette type playback unit, with cueing
feature for automatic operation of cassette
type slide projector; compatible with
National Training Center (EPA) tape/slide
instructional units.
f) Television tape playback unit (3/4" cassette
type, "U-Matic" or equivalent).
g) Television receiver, commercial type, color,
19" diagonal picture, or larger. At least one
receiver preferably two.
III. Laboratory
A. General Considerations
1. Should be well-lighted, adequately ventilated.
It is particularly important that the laboratory
be free from strong drafts in student working
areas.
2. Should provide for students to stand at labora-
tory benches, approximately 36" from floor to
bench surface.
3. Conventional laboratory services should be
available at student work areas, including
electricity (115V), gas, and vacuum.
4. Space between benches should be adequate for
students to work without interfering with each
other, and to permit free movement of instructors
in the student working area.
7-5
-------
5. Safety features of the laboratory should be
checked, including location and condition of
first aid kits, fire extinguishers, emergency
showers, eye-wash facilities, and other
emergency equipment.
B. Student Facilities
1. Provide at least 6" of bench width per student
pair. While students will work in pairs to the
extent that they will share certain limited
equipment, each student will perform all tests
and measurements.
2. Provide bench space or floor space as necessary
for laboratory equipment described in the
equipment and supply lists, such as autoclave,
balances, incubators, ovens, waterbaths and
other items not assigned to individual student
work.
C. Instructional Facilities
1. A chalkboard and demonstration table are
recommended.
2. Provide at least 20 square feet for reserve
supplies and equipment of each instructor
(chemist, microbiologist, engineer).
3. For field courses, provide area for packing and
unpacking areas for equipment to be shipped.
This should be at least 100 square feet of
floor space, with at least 20 square feet of
table space.
7-6
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IV. Security
Valuable property is used both in the classroom and in
the laboratory. Some of the items are particularly
susceptible to theft. Accordingly:
A. Provide for locking of both classroom and laboratory
when not in use, or assure that adequate security
is provided in the facility by other means.
B. Be sure that the necessary keys are available to the
instructional staff at their need.
C. With field courses, often it is necessary for the
training staff to work in evening or weekends to
prepare for coming classwork. Arrangements must be
made well in advance to secure authorized entry to
the training facilities being made available by a
host organization.
D. Thefts during normal working hours may be a special
pro'blem. Maintain surveillance to the extent
practical, and keep out-of-service theft-prone
items out of exposed locations.
7-7
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DISCLAIMER
Reference to commercial products, trade names, or
manufacturers is for purposes of example and illustration.
Such references do not constitute endorsement by the
Office of Water Program Operations, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
-------
Laboratory Equipment and Supply Requirements
I. INTRODUCTION
This consolidated list is for overall planning purposes.
For day-to-day classroom requirements, see the laboratory
preparations for designated lessons in the section "Course
Implementation."
The equipment list is in three sections, each related to
the requirements of one of the areas of instruction (chemistry
microbiology, engineering). In most cases, individual items
of equipment or supply are not repeated from one section to
another. In the few cases where this does occur, and the
item is to be used for more than one purpose, this is
indicated in the "remarks" column.
In some analyses, notably in the microbiology section, there
may be a difference from one state to another whether the
fecal coliform test will be made by the multiple dilution
tube Most Probable Number (MPN) method or by the Membrane
Filter (MF) method. The list provides a basis for equipping
or supplying the course for teaching fecal coliform test by
either procedure. It is not reasonable or practical to teach
both these methods simultaneously in this course.
Quantities given are minimum amounts for a class of 18
students working in teams of two students at nine stations.
It is strongly recommended that instructors provide surplus
equipment and additional supplies ready for use in case of
need. Many instructors plan for a margin of at least 10% of
extra supplies to provide for student errors, planning mis-
calculations, or other unforeseen events.
AT.EMP.(164.1)6a.6.75 8-1
-------
This list can be of great value in pre-course planning, to
determine the availability of needed equipment and supplies,
and to take action to provide needed resources. Further,
this list can be of vital importance when planning for
courses to be conducted in field locations. Copies of the
list in the hands of the Course Coordinator and a represen-
tative of the host organization can be used to determine
which will provide needed resources, on an item-by-item
basis. When the responsibility is assigned/accepted, this
can be annotated in the "remarks" column, with a copy of the
annotated list in the hands of the Course Coordinator and a
copy for the representative of the host organization. Each
can then use the annotated equipment and supply list as a
checklist for carrying out his own agreed-upon responsibili-
ties in preparing for the course.
8-2
-------
I. BACTERIOLOGY LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES REQUIREMENTS
A. CAPITAL EQUIPMENT (More Than $100 Unit Value)
Quantity for --
DESCRIPTION
Autoclave, providing uniform temperatures
up to and including 121°C, equipped with an
accurate thermometer, pressure gauges,
saturated steam power lines and capable of
reaching desired temperature in 30 minutes.
Balance, 0. 1 g sensitivity at a load of 150 g
Funnel Unit, membrane, unit assembly,
sterile, equipped with No0 8 rubber
stopper to fill 1 -liter vacuum flask.
Incubator with saturated relative humidity,
adjusted to 35 + 0. 5 C and to accommodate
a minimum of 18 culture tube racks
(approximately 6" X 12" each).
Incubator, waterbath, adjusted to 44. 5
+ 00 2°C and to accommodate 5 to 10 tube
racks (approximately 6" X 12" each).
Microscopes, stereoscopic, magn. 10X or
15X binocular type preferred.
1 1
MPN I MF
(
1 1
4-6 4-6
9
1
1 1
; i
REMARKS
8
-------
8-4
Quantity for --
DESCRIPTION
Oven, hot-air sterilizing, to give uniform
temperatures and with suitable thermometers
to register accurately in range of 160-180°C
pH meter, electrometric, accurate to at
least 0. 1 pH unit
o o
Refrigerator: Operates at 6 -10 C
UV light to resterilize funnels if necessary
Vacuum Service: preferably a central
service. An electric vacuum pump assembly
with suitable hoses, water traps, and
shut-off valves is acceptable. As a last
resort, but not recommended, use a water
aspirator or hand-pump.
MPN
1
1
1
MF
1
1
1
X
1
REMARKS
Temporary sample storage,
storage of MF media,
reagents. Not for storage
of MPN media.
Optional
Service to 9 lab work
positions.
-------
B. REUSABLE SUPPLIES and Durable Property of Less than $100 Unit Value
DESCRIPTION
Aprons, laboratory (plastic acceptable)
Baskets for discarded cultures
Beakers, 400-600 ml
Bottles, dilution, 6 oz. , preferably
borosilicate glass, with screw cap (or
rubber stopper protected by paper) with
99 ml volume etched on side.
Bottle, mixing, 4 liter, wide-mouth,
borosilicate glass
Bottles, sample, 250-ml wide mouth,
glass stopper j
Bottles, squeeze, for disinfecting solution
MPN
18
9
9
48
2
10
9
MF
18
9
9
72-144
3
20
9
REMARKS
8-5
-------
8-6
DESCRIPTION
Bottles, wide- mouth (for about 20 ml
methanol to sterilize forceps)
Burners, gas
Cans, pipet, aluminum or steel, not copper.
(If plastic, disposable pipets are used, this
item is not necessary. )
Caps to fit 20 X 150 mm culture tubes
Clamps, pinchcock, strong enough for
tight compression of vacuum tubing
MPN
-
9
18
800
9
Cylinders, 100 ml graduated, sterile
Filters, membrane, white, grid marked,
sterile pore size suitable for bacterial .
retention, (usually about 0.45/<) in units
of 10 filters per package j
Flasks, Erlenmeyer type, 250 ml;
borosilicate glass.
MF
9
-
18
-
9
9
200
9
REMARKS
Not necessary if single-service
glass or plastic, pre- sterilized,
wrapped pipets are used.
20 packages of 10 filters/ packag
-------
DESCRIPTION
Flasks, suction, glass, 1 liter, mouth to
fit No. 8 stopper
Forceps, curved-end round tipped, for
MF work
Funnels, glass, 4-6" diameter.
Borosilicate
Hot plates, electric, thermoregulator
Jars to receive used pipets.
Lamp, fluorescent, for dissecting
microscope
Loops, inoculation, 3 mm diameter
loop of nichrome or platinum - iridium
wire, 26 B&S gauge, in suitable holder
Pads, absorbent (for nutrient), 47 mm in
diameter, sterile, in units of 10 pads per
package
MPN
-
-
9
-
9
-
18
-
MF
9
18
-
9
9
9
-
200
REMARKS
Alternately, use tripod with
gas burner.
Usually supplied with the
membrane filters.
8-7
-------
8-8
DESCRIPTION
MPN
MF
REMARKS
Pipets, 1 ml with 0. 1 ml graduations,
Mohr type preferred, sterile, cotton
plugged, glass or disposable plastic.
Quantity given is minimum number
required. Each pair of students should
be given a can with 10-12 glass pipets
or else a package of a dozen plastic
pipets.
48
18
Pipets, 10 ml graduated, Mohr type
preferred, sterile, cotton plugged, glass
or disposable plastic. Again this is a
minimal quantity. Each student pair
should be given a can with glass pipets or
else a surplus of the individually packed
plastic pipets.
18
72-80
Racks, culture tube, 10X5 openings to
accept tubes of 25 mm diameter, minimum
24
18
Ring stand; to accommodate 4 - 6" glass
funnels
Sponges for cleaning desk tops
-------
DESCRIPTION
Tallies, hand, single unit acceptable, hand
or desk type
Thermometer (for use in incubator water
bath). Must indicate in the 40°- 50 C range
and have increments of 0. 1 C. Should be
NBS certified or calibrated against NBS
certified thermometer. Full Immersion type
preferred.
Thermometer (for use in sterilizing oven).
Must indicate within the 160 - 180 C range
and should have increments at least 1.0 C.
Thermometer (for use in 35 C incubator).
Must indicate in the 30-40°C range and have
increments of at least 1.0°C. Should be
NBS certified thermometer. Best used
with bulb immersed in water, glycerine, or
oil fitted in flask or bottle with rubber
stopper.
Tongs, crucible (to fit culture tubes)
Tubes, fermentation, 12 X 75 mm vials to
be inverted in culture tubes
MPN
1
1
1
-
i
800
MF
9
1
1
-
9
-
REMARKS
8-9
-------
8-10
DESCRIPTION
Tubes, culture, 20 X 150 mm
Tubing, rubber, 2-3 foot lengths, latex
rubber, 3/16" I. D. by 3/32" wall (for
vacuum flask).
MPN
660
-
MF
-
9
REMARKS
-------
C. CONSUMABLE RESOURCE SUPPLIES
These items will either (1) be used directly by the student, (2) be used by staff in preparing
solutions and media described in following section.
DESCRIPTION
Bags, waterproof plastic, 3 X 7-1/4"
for culture dish incubation
EC Broth, dehydrated; Difco, BBL, or
equivalent, in 1/4-lb. bottles.
Dishes, Petri, 50 X 12 mm, sterile,
plastic or glass.
Iodine, crystals, 1/4-lb. bottle
Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth;
BBL, Difco, or equivalent. Dehydrated.
1-lb. bottle.
M-FC Broth, Dehydrated; BBL, Difco, or
equivalent. 1/4-lb. bottles.
Methanol (for sterilizing forceps), 20 ml
amounts in 12 wide mouth bottles
MPN
-
4-6
-
1
1
-
-
MF
36
-
120
1
-
4-6
9
REMARKS
Do not buy 1-lb bottles.
Most workers use plastic
Petri dishes.
For preparation of disinfectant
solution
Do not buy 1-lb. bottles.
•
8-11
-------
8-12
DESCRIPTION
MPN
MF
REMARKS
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
1/4-lb. bottle
For preparation of dilution
water
Potassium Iodide (KI), crystals,
1/4-lb. bottles
For preparation of
disinfectant solution
Pencils, china-marking, wax
18
18
Rosolic Acid, powdered, 1-gram units
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) pellets,
1/4-lb. bottle
Water.distilled or deionized. Suitable
for use in bacteriological culture media.
20
30
Many laboratories will have
their own distillation apparatus;
others must use commercial
sources.
-------
D. CONSUMABLE RESOURCE SUPPLIES (requiring staff preparation)
These items will require preparation by staff, in advance of the course. Materials for
preparation and containment of these items should, without exception, be listed in foregoing lists
of equipment and supplies.
DESCRIPTION MPN
j
Dilution water, sterile, 99-ml blanks, '
in 6-oz. screwcapped bottles, with : 48
mark at 99-ml mark ;
MF
72-144
REMARKS
Dilution Water: for class samples.
Prepare 3 liters of sterile
dilution water in 4-liter
glass bottles.
On appropriate class day(s)
deliver appropriate amount
of fresh domestic sewage to
the dilution water. See special
instructor's notes for the
lessons.
Iodine-Potassium Iodide Solution,
consisting of 3 grams Iodine crystals,
6 grams Potassium Iodide crystals,
dissolved in 3 liters distilled water,
and dispensed in plastic squeeze bottles.
8-13
-------
8-14
DESCRIPTION
Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth,
10-ml portions of single-strength medium,
10 ml portions in 20 X 150 mm culture
tubes with fermentation vials, metal
caps. Sterile
Sodium Hydroxide solution, 0. 2 N
Sodium Hydroxide Solution, 1 N
MPN
400
-
1 liter
MF
-
200 ml
1 liter
REMARKS
For preparing 1% Rosolic Acid
solution
For preparing stock
phosphate buffer for
water.
solution
dilution
7.11.74
-------
II MISTRY LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
Key to Abbreviations for Tests:
BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
DO(W) - Dissolved Oxygen, Winkler
DO(P) - Dissolved Oxygen, Probe
A. CAPITAL EQUIPMENT (More Than $100 Unit Value)
Cl - Chlorine Residual
pH - pH
SS - Suspended Solids
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Am per ome trie Titration Assemblies including sample cups
and measuring pi pets, 1 and 5 ml
Balances, analytical, 0.1 mg sensitivity at a load of
200 g. (with Instruction manuals)
Balance, trip, 500 gram capacity
Dissolved Oxygen Meters with probes and probe agitator
assemblies, and accessory kits which include membranes
Distilling apparatus, water still, all-glass or block tin
Electrical outlets, 115 volt, single phase, 60 cycle ac
power
EACH TEST
Cl 1
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO 1
BOD 1
Cl 1
CLASS
OF 18
9
3
1
9
1
9
REMARKS
A written EMP based on Wallace and
Tiernan* equipment is available. It
could be adapted for other ampero-
metric titration assemblies
Also for advance preparation of
reagents
For advance preparation of reagents
Written EMPs based on the We s ton and
Stack* Model 300 and also on the
Yellow Springs Instrument* Model 54
are available. Either could be
adapted for other oxygen meters.
Also can be used to prepare distilled
water for the other lab procedures.
8-15
-------
8-16
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Hot plate, magnetic stirrer, platform area about 5 1/2"
by 7", with magnet
Incubator or constant temperature bath capable of
maintaining 20° + 1°C, and large enough to contain
36 BOD bottles and 2 ten liter bottles
Oven, hot air, to give uniform temperatures and with
thermometer to register accurately in range of 103 -
105°C. Capacity for 18 - 90 mm dia. watch glasses
plus 18 - 25 ml Gooch crucibles
pH meters, electrometric, accurate to at least 0.1 pH
unit
Refrigerator large enough to store up to 7 one liter
reagent bottles
Sinks for glassware clean-up and discard solutions.
Vacuum Sources: preferably a central service. An
electric vacuum pump assembly with suitable hoses, water
traps and shut off valves capable of drawing 15 inches
mercury is acceptable.
EACH TEST
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
Cl 1
BOD 1
SS 1
pH 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
All 1
SS 1
CLASS
OF 18
1
1
1
9
1
3
18
REMARKS
For advance preparation of reagents
See Microbiology, Capital Equipment
A written EMP based on the battery -
operated Instrumentation Laboratory*
Model 175 is available. It could be
adapted for other pH meters.
To store reagents prepared in advance
Unlisted quantities of tubing and
connectors may be required. See
•Microbiology, Capital Equipment
* Mention of a specific brand name does not constitute endorsement of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
-------
B. REUSABLE EQUIPMENT (Less Than $100 Unit Value)
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Aprons, laboratory (plastic acceptable)
Beakers, glass, 25 ml
Beakers, glass, 50 ml
Beakers, graduated, glass, 150 ml
Beakers, glass 250 ml
Bottle, amber glass, 1 liter, with screw cap
Bottles, glass, ^0 ml, with 1 ml dropper pipet in
screw cap
Bottles, glass>BOD, 300 ml glass stoppers
Bottles, glass, reagent, 250 ml, with glass stoppers for
all but one which requires a rubber stopper.
Bottle, glass, reagent, 2 liter with glass stopper
EACH TEST
All 1
DO(W) 1
pH 1
Cl 1
pH 5
DO(P) 1
Cl 1
Cl 3
BOD 4
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 4
BOD 4
DO(W) 6
DO(W) 1
CLASS
OF 18
18
18
9
45
9
1
27
153
10
1
REMARKS
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
Omit if PAO solution is purchased
Omit if solutions are purchased in
dropper bottles
Total quantity based on all three lab
sessions on same day, precluding
multiple use of bottles
To contain standardized sodium
thiosulfate sol.
8-17
-------
8-18
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Bottles, glass, small neck solution carboys, 10 liter
Bottles, polyethylene, aspirator with spigot, 5 gallon,
screwcap, to dispense distilled water
Bottles, polyethylene, squeeze, each with delivery tip,
about 2 oz.
Bottles, polyethylene, ^60 ml, screw caps
Bottles, polyethylene preferred or pyrex, M80 ml,
screw caps
Bottles, polyethylene, resistant to adsorption of solids,
500 ml , screw caps
Bottle, polyethylene> resistant to adsorption of solids,
2 liter, screw cap
Bottle, polyethylene, resistant to adsorption of solids,
4 liter, screw cap
Bottle, polyethylene) resistant to adsorption of solids,
8 liter, screw cap
EACH TEST
BOD
All
pH
DO(P)
pH
Cl
pH
ss
BOD
SS
Cl
SS
BOD
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
CLASS
OF 10
2
2
9
18
18
27
1
1
1
REMARKS
Can be used with siphons for water
samples required for DO(W) and DO(P)
To contain sat. KC1 sol.
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
To contain electrolyte and Na OH sols.
To contain buffers
To contain student portions of samples.
Attach sample tags.
To collect sample.
Attach sample tags.
To collect sample.
Attach sample tags.
To collect secondary treatment effluent
sample. Attach sample tag.
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Brushes, assorted for cleaning glassware
Brushes, balance
Bulbs, pi pet, large
Burets, 25 ml, 0.1 ml graduations, teflon stopcock plug
preferred
Clamps, buret, for titration stand
Clamps, pinchcock, strong enough for tight compression
of vacuum tubing
Cork borers, set
Crucibles, Gooch, porcelain 25 ml capacity
Crucible holders, Walter, for 25 ml porcelain Gooch
crucibles to fit 1 liter filter flask
Cylinders, graduated, 25 or 50 ml
EACH TEST
At Sinks
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(W) 1
DO(W) 1
BOD 1
SS 1
SS 1
SS 1
SS 1
SS 1
CLASS
OF 18
9
3
9
18
18
20
1
36
18
18
REMARKS
See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment
To make hole in No. 8 rubber stoppers
for funnel filter holders prior to
student lab session.
18 are used to prepare filter discs
prior to student lab session.
8-19
-------
8-20
QUANTITY FOR;
DESCRIPTION
Cylinders, graduated, 100 ml
Cylinders, graduated, 250 ml
Cylinders, graduated, 1 liter
Desiccators with effective desiccant and to accomodate
18 - 90 mm dia. watch glasses plus 18 - 25 ml Gooch
crucibles.
Flask, Erlenmeyer, wide mouth, 250 ml
Flasks, Erlenmeyer, wide mouth, 500 ml
Flasks, filtering (suction), heavy glass wall with side
tube for hose connection and mouth to fit No. 8 stopper,
1000 ml.
Flask, volumetric, 100 ml, with glass stopper
Flask, volumetric, 250 ml, with glass stopper
EACH TEST
BOD 1
SS 2
BOD • 1
BOD 2
SS x
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
pH 1
DO(W) 1
SS 1
BOD 1
Cl 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
CLASS
OF 18
36
18
36
X
1
18
18
1
1
REMARKS
Required for BOD if sarrple
treatment effluent
is primary
Required if sample is secondary
treatment effluent
x - number of desiccators
depends on their size
For advance preparation of
See Microbiology, Reusable
needed
reagents.
Equipment
See Microbiology, Reusable
For advance preparation of
For advance preparation of
Equipment
reagents
reagents
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Flask, volumetric, 1 liter with glass stopper
Flask, volumetric, 2 liter with glass stopper
Forceps, cover glass, curved ends
Funnels, short stem. diam. about 75mm
(to fill 25ml buret)
Funnel filter holders: membrane unit assemblies or
porcelain Buchner funnels or porcelain Hirsch funnels,
requiring a disc about 5 cm dia. for filtering influent
samples.
Glasses, safety
Knaves, small pocket
Mixinq rods, plunger-type, 18 inch minimum length
Mortar and pestle, glass or porcelain, with spout, 8 oz.
Pipets, dropping (medicine droppers), with bulb,
about 1 ml volume
EACH TEST
Cl 1
pH 1
DO(W) 1
SS 1
DO(W) 1
SS 1
DO(W)lpr
DO(P) 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(W) 1
CLASS
OF 18
1
1
18
18
18
9pr
9
18
1
18
REMARKS
For advance preparation of buffers and
sample
For advance preparation of std.
thiosulfate sol.
Can use some of each type
See Microbiology, Capital Equipment
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
For advance preparation of starch sol .
8-21
-------
8-22
QUANTITY FUR:
DESCRIPTION
PI pets, measuring, Mohr, glass, 5 ml graduated in 1/10
Pi pets, volumetric transfer, one ml
Pipets, volumetric transfer, twenty ml
Pipet, volumetric tansfer, 100 ml
Scissors, small -size pairs
Screwdrivers, small blade
Siphons, glass, about 18 inches long, with soft rubber
tubing attached for delivery control.
Siphons, glass, long enough to reach to the bottom of a
10 liter bottle, with soft rubber tubing attached for
delivery control
Spatula, medium size
Sponges for cleaning bench top
EACH TEST
DO(W) 3
BOD 4
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
DO(P) 1
BOD 1
BOD 1
All 1
All 1
CLASS
OF 10
3
4
18
1
g
9
18
2
1
9
KCMAUKS
For stock bottles of nutrients
Required if sample is primary
treatment effluent
For advance preparation of std.
thiosulfate sol .
Yellow Springs Instrument* Meter 54
Weston & Stack * Meter 300
For advance preparation of reagents
See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Stands, tltration, support for buret
Stoppers, rubber, size 8, with hole for funnel
filter holder
Syringes, 5 cc or (medicine) dropper pipets
Tongs, crucible
Tubing, rubber 2-3 foot lengths,
3/16" I.D. by 3/32" wall for vacuum flasks
Wash bottles, squeeze type 500 ml
Watch glasses, 90 mm dia., for filter disc supports
* Mention of a specific brand name does not constitute
endorsement of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EACH TEST
DO(W) 1
SS 1
DO(P) 1
SS 1
SS 1
All 1
SS 1
CLASS
OF 18
18
18
9
18
18
9
36
REMARKS
Size of hole depends on type of funnel
filter holder used
See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment
See Microbiology, Reusable Equipment
18 are used to prepare filter discs
prior to student lab session
8-23
-------
8-24
C. CONSUMABLE SUPPLIES
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Cotton, small wads to fit neck of
Detergent, in small boxes or jars
Filter discs, glass fiber without
Reeve Angel 934H or 984H, Gel man
Whatman GF/C or equivalent, Size
funnel filter holders to be used
to fit 25 ml Gooch crucibles (^ 2
10 liter bottles
at sinks
organic binder,
Type A,
should cover holes in
(^ 5 cm. dia.) and also
.1 cm. dia.)
Lubricant, silicone (stopcock) small tubes
Marking ink supply or tool to permanently mark glass
and porcelain.
Notebooks, to record data
Pens, felt tip, to mark beakers,
watch glasses, etc.
Pencils, wax marking
Reagents are listed according to
this section.
test at the end of
EACH TEST
BOD 1
All 1
SS 2
ea. size
DO(P) 1
Cl 1
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
pH 1
SS 1
BOD 1
DO(P) 1
CLASS
OF 18
2
3
72
9
1
18
9
9
REMARKS
18 of ea. size should be prepared
(rinsed-dried) prior to student
lab session
Weston and Stack * Meter 300
To make identification marks on Gooch
crucibles prior to student lab session
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Required samples are listed according to test at the
end of this section
Rubber bands, large
Sample tags, preferably pre-printed, with blanks for
information required by NPDES reports.
Tape, transparent, rolls
Tissues, soft, in boxes, for hand Vi rig Gooch crucibles
Towels, paper in boxes or packets at sinks
Water, distilled from all glass or block tin
distilling apparatus
Water, distil led, from central supply or can be purchased
EACH TEST
DO(P) 2
BOD 1
DO(W) 1
DO(P) 1
Cl 10
pH 27
SS 20
DO(P) 1
SS 1
All 1
BOD 2 t
DO(W)8 t
DO(P)13 I
Cl 1 L
pH 14 I
SS 2 t
CLASS
OF 18
36
60
9
9
3
40 L
38 t
REMARKS
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
For bottles containing sample.
Quantity includes water used for
reagent preparation.
Amounts represent water used for
reagent and sample preparations, as
well as student lab sessions.
8-25
-------
8-26
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
weighing boats, disposable
Reagents, BOO Test:
Calcium chloride solution:
27.5 g/1 anhydrous calcium chloride
Ferric chloride solution:
0.25 g/1 ferric chloride hexahydrate
Magnesium sulfate solution:
22.5 g/1 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
EACH TEST
BOD 4
DO(W) 6
DO(P) 3
Cl 11
pK 5
BOD 2ml
BOD 2ml
BOD 2ml
CLASS
OF 18
29
100 ml
100 ml
100 ml
REMARKS
For advance preparation of reagents
For preparations according to 1971
Standard Methods, 13th ed., p. 489
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab sessions.
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Phosphate Buffer Solution:
8.5 g/1 potassium di hydrogen phosphate,
21.75 g/1 dispotassium hydrogen phosphate,
33.4 g/1 di sodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate,
1.7 g/1 ammonium chloride
Reagents for 72 Winkler Determinations unless a
dissolved oxygen meter is to be used.
Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen, Winkler Method:
Alkali-iodide-azide solution:
500 g/1 sodium hydroxide
135 g/1 sodium iodide
10 g/1 sodium azide
EACH TEST
BOD 2ml
BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml
CLASS
OF 18
100 ml
250 ml
REMARKS
KH2P04also used for Cl and pH
See Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen,
Winkler Method.
For preparations according to 1971
EPA Manual , p. 53
ALL reagents should be prepared
PRIOR to student lab sessions.
NaOH also used for DO(P) and Cl
8-27
-------
8-2
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Chloroform
Manganous sulfate solution:
480 g/1 manganous sulfate tetrahydrate
Potassium bilodate solution:
4.873 g/1 potassium biiodate
Potassium iodide crystals
Sodium thiosulfate stock solution:
186.1 g/£ sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate
Starch solution:
10 g/1 soluble starch
EACH TEST
BOD 15ml
DO(W)15ml
DO(P)15ml
BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml
BOD 250ml
DO (W) 25 Oml
DO(P)250ml
BOD 6g
DO(W)6g
DO(P)6g
BOD 50 ml
DO(W)50 ml
DO(P)50 ml
BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml
CLASS
OF 18
15 ml
250 ml
250 ml
6 g
250 ml
250 ml
REMARKS
To preserve starch and thiosulfate
sols. Also used for Cl
25.0 ml is diluted to 100 ml. of which
40.0 ml is used for duplicates to
standardize thiosulfate sol.
To standardize thiosulfate sol.. also
used for DO(P) and Cl
100.0 ml is diluted to 2 I. std. sol..
648 ml may be needed for BOD, 162 ml
each for DO(W) and DO(P). Additional
volume is for buret rinses.
Also used for Cl
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Sulfuric acid, concentrated
Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen, Probe Method:
Electrolyte solution:
50 g/100 ml potassium iodide,
0.1 g/100 ml sodium sulfite
Electrolyte solution:
1:1 distilled water/sat, potassium chloride sol.
(56.7g/100ml at 100°C)
Sodium hydroxide solution:
10 g/90 ml sodium hydroxide
EACH TEST
BOD 8ml
DO(W)2ml
DO(P)2ml
DO (Phi 5ml
DO(PH5ml
DO(PH5ml
CLASS
OF 18
250 ml
250 ml
250 ml
250 ml
REMARKS
For preparations according to
Instruction Manuals for Weston and
Stack* Model 300 or Yellow Springs
Instrument* Model 54
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab sessions.
Weston and Stack* Meter 300;sol . can
be purchased from Weston and Stack*.
KI also used for DO(W) and Cl .
Yellow Springs Instrument* Meter 54J
sol. can be purchased from YSI. sat.
KC1 sol. also used for pH
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
NaOH also used for DO(W) and Cl
8-29
-------
8-30
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Sodium sulfite solution:
about 2g/500 ml
Reagents for 18 Winkler DO Determinations
Reagents, Chlorine Residual:
Buffer solution, pH4.0:
243 g/£ sodium acetate trihydrate
480 g/£ glacial acetic acid
Buffer solution, pH7.0:
25.4g/£ potassium dihydrogen phosphate
86 g/£ disodium hydrogen phosphate with 12
molecules of water of hydration
EACH TEST
DO(PHg
Cl 1ml
Cl 1ml
CLASS
OF 18
18g
250ml
250ml
REMARKS
Weston and Stack* Meter 300
Also used in DO(P) electrolyte sol.
See Reagents, Dissolved Oxygen,
Winkler Method
For prepartions according to 1972
ASTM Part 23, p. 223
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab sessions
Sol . can be purchased from
Wallace and Tiernan*
Sol . can be purchased from
Wallace and Tiernan*
KH2P04 also used for BOD and pH
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Potassium Iodide solution:
50 g/£ potassium Iodide
Sodium chloride, U.S. P.
Phenylarseneoxide solution, 0.00564 N^:
0.8 g/l phenylarseneoxide
1.8 g/l sodium hydroxide
(Adjust pH with 1+1 hydrochloric acid)
Standardize with 0.0282N_ iodine solution:
25 g/£ potassium Iodide
4.946 g/£ arsenous oxide
hydrochloric acid
1 ml chloroform
12.7 g/£ iodine crystals
5g/ 500ml sodium hydroxide
Ig/lOOml starch sol.
EACH TEST
Cl 1ml
CK20g
CHlOml
CLASS
OF 18
250 ml
360 g.
1 t.
REMARKS
Sol . can be
Wallace and
KI also used
Pellets can
Wallace and
purchased from
Tiernan*.
for DO(W) and DO(P)
be purchase from
Tiernan?
Sol. can be purchased from Wallace
and Tiernan*.
NaOH and KI are also used for DO(W)
and DO(P),
chloroform and starch are also used
for DO(W).
8-31
-------
8-3
QUANTITY FOR;
DESCRIPTION
Reagents, pH
Buffer solution, pH 6.9:
3.388g/liter potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
3.533 g/liter di sodium hydrogen phosphate,
carbon dioxide-free water
Buffer solution, pH 7.4:
1.179 g/£ potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
4.302 g/l di sodium hydrogen phosphate,
carbon dioxide - free water
Electrolyte solution:
56.7 g/ 100ml potassium chloride, at
100°C for saturated solution.
Add silver chloride in dissolvable amt.
EACH TEST
pH 125ml
pH 125ml
pH^lOml
CLASS
OF 18
31
3£
250ml
REMARKS
For preparations according to 1971
Standard Methods, 13th ed. p. 278
ALL reagents should be prepared PRIOR
to student lab session.
Pre-weighed buffer chemicals can be
purchased.
KHoPO. is also used for Cl and BOD
* 4
Pre-weighed buffer chemicals can be
purchased.
KH2P04 is also used for Cl and BOD
Electrolyte sol. can be purchased from
manufacturers of pH meters*
KC1 also used for DO(P)
-------
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
Sample, Biochemical Oxygen Demand:
non-Chlorinated treatment plant effluent
Sample, Dissolved Oxygen, Winkler Method:
Mater containing dissolved oxygen
Sample, Dissolved Oxygen, Probe Method:
Water containing dissolved oxygen
Sample, chlorine:
Chlorinated treatment plant effluent
Sample, pH:
Three samples with different pH values
EACH TEST
BOD 80ml
or 400ml
DO(W)300ml
DO(P)300ml
Cl 200ml
pH ea.
125ml
CLASS
OF 18
21
or 81
61
6t
U
pH ea.
3£
REMARKS
Collect just before student lab
session.
2 liters of primary treatment effluent
or 8 liters of secondary treatment
effluent
Prepare by agitation, then quiescence
prior to student lab session.
Prepare by agitation, then quiescence
prior to student lab session.
Collect just before student lab
session.
Quantity is for Wallace and Tiernan*
Assembly.
Prepare prior to student lab session.
8-33
-------
8-3-.
QUANTITY FOR:
DESCRIPTION
EACH TEST
CLASS
OF 18
REMARKS
Sample, suspended solids:
Treatment plant Influent or an equivalent mixture
100ml
Can be collected 1 or 2 days before
student lab session.
Sample, suspended solids:
Treatment plant effluent or an equivalent mixture
200ml
Can be collected 1 or 2 days before
student lab session.
* Mention of a specific brand name does not constitute
endorsement of the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
-------
Ill ENGINEERING - Sampling
A. CAPITAL EQUIPMENT (More Than $100 Unit Value)
QUANTIFY I-UII:
DESCRIPTION
Sampler, APHA type, as described in Standard Methods, 13th ed., p. 476
Sampler, Kemmerer type, as described in Standard Methods, 13th ed.,
p. 728
B. REUSABLE EQUIPMENT (Less Than $100 Unit Value)
Float gage
Parshall Flume with stilling well and connection to flume
Staff gage section, standard 3.33 foot section
Wier plate(s)
CLASS
or m
1
1
1
1-3
1
1-3
KLMAUKS
For demonstration
For demonstration
For demonstration
Optional - used if available
To illustrate flume Configuration.
Models could be used in classroom.
To illustrate gage
To illustrate wier configuration.
90° and/or 60° and/or end contractions,
etc..
35
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
I. Introduction
A. Most training institutions will make the fullest
possible use of pre-existing instructional resources.
At the same time, it is acknowledged that much remains
to be accomplished in development of such resources
for this course. This applies particularly to audio-
visual training aids. Much is being done now to
relieve this deficiency. Accordingly, it can be
expected that this section of this Training Guide will
be subject to changes at relatively frequent intervals.
The purpose of this section is to describe the nature,
sources, and availability of instructional resources
suggested for use with this course.
B. Part II of this Manual and the student reference text
refer to a number of different instructional resources.
These include
1. The student reference text itself;
2. Supportive references; and,
3. Audiovisual training aids.
C. Instructional resources are discussed here from three
viewpoints:
1. Resources available from the National Training
Center;
2. Resources available from other sources; and,
3. Resources already in possession of the institution
conducting this course.
AT.BMP.(164.1)9.9.74 9-1
-------
II. Instructional Resources from the National Training Center
A. Availability and how to request
1. All items described below are available to institu-
tions conducting this course, either on loan, or
as a contribution from the EPA.
2. To obtain materials described below, address
written requests to:
Director, National Training Center
ATTN: Training Information Clerk
MPOD, WPO
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
3. It is urged that materials desired from the
National Training Center for a specific course
offering be requested in a single, consolidated,
communication. This will give greatest assurance
of a well-coordinated response. Because these
requests ordinarily will cover a number of
different items, telephonic requests should not
be made.
4. Requests should be timely. To assure effective
delivery in time for use in the course, requests
should be received at the National Training Center
at least 45 days prior to the course date. The
National Training Center will, in turn, make
every effort to assure that the requested materials
are delivered to the requesting institution several
days prior to the start of the course in which
they are to be used. This will permit review and
practice of the instructional staff for the most
effective use of such resources.
9-2
-------
5. Requests should include at least:
a. Identification of the item requested (and
number of units, if multiple copies are
indicated).
b. Date of the course in which the material
will be used.
c. Location and name of consignee.
d. Telephone number by which person requesting
can be reached.
6. It is expected that all borrowed resources be
returned to the National Training Center within
the first week after completion of the course
in which they are used.
7. With returned borrowed training resources, it
is requested that the user provide the National
Training Center with an evaluation of the training
resource(s) used. In this manner the experience
of users can be a factor in continuous improve-
ments and responses to problems in using the
resources. In addition, all reports on use of
such resources should include the number of
students with whom the material was used.
B. Description of Instructional Resources Currently
Available from National Training Center
1. Student reference text "Self-Monitoring Proce-
dures: Basic Parameters for Municipal Effluents."
(given)
a. May be available in considerable numbers.
Numbers per course will be limited to one
per student plus four for staff use. Inquire.
9-3
-------
b. If supplies are limited, at least five
copies will be issued, with expectation that
the sponsoring institution will duplicate
the number of copies required.
Supportive references (given)
a. EPA Manual of Methods "Methods for Chemical
Analysis of Water and Wastewater." (limit
one per institution)
b. "Development and Exchange of Instructional
Resources in Water Quality Control Programs."
(limit one per institution) This is a source-
book on audiovisual and other training
resources. It is not geared specifically to
this course.
c. "Audiovisual Instructional Units," a catalogue
of tape/slide
Audiovisual training aids (on scheduled loan)
a. For BOD and Related Instruction
(1) Overhead projectuals on general considera-
tions about DO
(2) XT-29 (Tape/Slide Unit), "Dissolved Oxygen
Determination." 3/4" XT-83 "Determination
of Dissolved Oxygen: Polaragraphic Probe
Method."
(3) Videocassette Tape Units on DO Determina-
tion by Winkler Method, Standardization
of Sodium Thiosulfate Standard, Placing
DO Probe in Operation, Performance of
5-Day BOD Test.
b. For pH Determination
XT-69 (Tape/Slide Unit) "pH Meter - Laboratory
Operation."
9-4
-------
c. Fecal Coliform Test (Multiple Tube Method)
(1) Lesson 1: Projectuals
(2) Lesson 2: 3/4" videocassette, on equip-
ment and supplies
(3) Lesson 4: Projectual on data sheet
3/4" videocassette, on data sheet
preparation
(4) Lesson 5: Videocassette, on assembly and
labeling of culture tubes.
(5) Lesson 6: Videocassette, on sample
inoculation.
(6) Lesson 7: Videocassette, on 24-hour pro-
cedures.
(7) Lesson 8: Videocassette, on 48-hour pro-
cedures. Videocassette on 72-
hour procedures.
(8) Lesson 9: Videocassette, on codifying
results from data sheets and on
use of MPN Table.
Overhead projectuals showing
various typical laboratory data
sheets, for drill in codifying
results.
Overhead projectuals of MPN
tables.
d. Total Suspended Solids
(1) Lesson 1: Overhead projectuals
Videocassette, "Preparing the
Filter Discs."
(2) Lesson 2: Overhead projectuals on pro-
cedures, sample volumes. Video-
cassette.
9-5
-------
(3) Lesson 3: Overhead projectuals
(4) Lesson 4: Overhead projectuals
(5) Lesson 5: Overhead projectuals
(6) Lesson 6: Corrected sample data sheets.
e. Residual Chlorine
XT-39 "Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand"
III. Resources from Other Sources
A. Minimum technical references which should be in
possession of the institution include:
1. "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater" (13th ed), APHA, AWWA, WPCF.
Available from Publications Office, American
Public Health Association, Inc., 1790 Broadway,
NY, NY 10019.
2. "Annual Book of Standards" Part 23, Water, Atmos-
pheric Analysis. 1972. Available from American
Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St.,
Philadelphia, PA 19103.
B. Audiovisual and Other Training Aids
1. A wide variety of training resources is listed
in the EPA sponsored publication cited in II,B,2,b,
above:
"Development of Instructional Resources in Water
Quality Control Programs."
2. Information on sources of the listed items is
provided.
3. Training institutions having information about
training resources applicable to this course, but
not shown in the above catalogue of instructional
9-6
-------
resources are invited to relay this information to
the Director, National Training Center. Such
resources, as applicable, will be made known to
other organizations which could benefit from their
use.
IV. Resources Already in Possession of the Training Institution
A. Many training organizations prefer to develop their own
texts and audiovisual training resources.
B. To the extent that these resources can be released for
free reproduction and use by others, institutions are
invited to make such resources available to other
training organizations.
C. The National Training Center is prepared to serve as
a focal point for making such resources widely avail-
able, provided that copyright or other restrictions
on reproduction do not limit availability of such
materials.
1. Before encouraging cither training institutions
to use such resources, elements of EPA will
a. Review the training resources to determine
whether the instruction is consistent with
existing laws, regulations, and Agency policy;
and
b. Review the resource for technical validity
and educational quality;
2. Materials found suitable by EPA would be recom-
mended to other institutions known to be pro-
viding this training.
3. In any case, all training resources referred as
available for use by others will be added to the
overall inventory listings cited in II,B,2,b, above,
9-7
-------
It is hoped that a mutually supportive activity
in this area will, in time, result in establish-
ment of a diversified total resource system for
training materials which will be of the highest
technical quality, will offer training institu-
tions a wide variety of types of training
resources, and will reduce the amount of duplica-
tion of effort that so often results from lack
of information on what is available, from what
sources, and how obtained.
9-8
-------
Part I. Course Management
—C. Course Secretary: Records and Preparations
The key role of the office worker(s) designated "Course
Secretary" cannot be overemphasized.
This function has many elements, including, among others,
being the right arm of the Course Coordinator, being Course
Registrar, being Course Secretary, being a general factotum,
and being a "watchdog" to give the alarm when essential
milestone stages of course planning and preparation are
being overlooked.
Three elements of the overall secretarial records and
functions are considered in some detail here.
1. Course Records and Record-Keeping
2. Suggested Student Registration Procedures
3. Printed and Reproduced Material Required
for the Course
AT.EMP.(164.1)9.9.74
-------
COURSE RECORDS AND RECORD-KEEPING
General Considerations
A. Complete, detailed, and accurate records should
be established for each course presentation. Each
course record will be a separate file, in addi-
tion to the individual course files, it may be
necessary to establish a finder-system for locating
the records of individual students.
B. Response to Inquiries about Former Students
1. Students enroll in this course in order to
acquire necessary knowledge and skills to
perform the self-monitoring procedures required
for municipal effluents.
2. In many, if not all cases, satisfactory com-
pletion of this course will be a factor in the
accreditation of individuals to perform the
analyses and measurements required for com-
pliance with NPDES Permits.
3. It is anticipated that numerous inquiries from
former students and from regulatory agencies
will be addressed to the training institution.
Typical requests for information may include
any or all of the following:
a. Verification of attendance and satisfactory
completion of training;
b. Identification of the specific analyses
and measurements covered in the course,
as well as designation of the method which
was taught;
AT.EMP.6.9.74 10-1
-------
c. Quality of student performance in the course;
d. Documentation of any specific analyses, tests,
or measurements in which the student did not
meet the required standard of performance, and
the nature of such failure; and
e. Documentation of any other events which made
the student unusual. This could be a record
of exceptionally high performance, or it could
be a record of any specific difficulty which
arose in connection with the student, within
or outside the scheduled training activities.
C. Reports
Most training institutions require submission of
periodic reports on progress and achievements. It
is safe to predict that management or cognizant
regulatory agencies from time to time will call for
information not provided in routine reports. If
such demands are to be met, complete course records
will be the most reliable source for such information.
D. Retention of Records
The length of time course record files should be
retained is uncertain, and must be determined by
each institution.
Institutions having a system of archives for in-
active files may find it convenient to retain course
records in active office files for approximately
two years, then retire them to archives storage.
Institutions not having archives storage probably
should retain the complete file on each course
presentation for at least five years.
10-2
-------
II. Contents of Course Files
A. In the planning and development stage, and until
completion of each course presentation, course
records are kept most effectively in two sections.
These are:
1. A file folder, kept in the filing cabinet or
in the desk of the Course Secretary; and,
2. A student record notebook, usually a 3-ring
binder, kept on the Course Secretary's desk,
or in a convenient bookcase.
Both elements of these files should be maintained
by the Course Secretary, and should be made avail-
able to other staff members under rigid controls
providing for direct examination and immediate
return. After completion of the course, the two
elements of the course file can be combined in a
single large file packet for future retention.
B. The file folder is best suited for such records as
1. Copies of all correspondence, memoranda, and
records of telephonic conferences related to
course planning and development;
2. Copies of course schedules;
3. Records of equipment and supply acquisition
for the course, through purchase or through
loan (with information and records on return
to owner);
4. Records of staff assignments, classroom and
laboratory reservations;
10-3
-------
5. Sample record copies of all routine informa-
tional material sent to students accepted for
training;
6. Copy of course announcement;
7. Records of arrangements for travel of personnel
and transportation of equipment and supplies,
arrangements for field facilities, and other
records pertaining to a field course; and
8. Course evaluation commentaries by Course
Coordinator and other staff members as
appropriate.
C. The student record notebook is best suited as a
vehicle for all records and copies of communications
related to individual students. This may be
organized effectively in a 3-ring notebook, con-
taining separator sheets with alphabetical tabs.
The personal records of each student will be re-
tained under the alphabetical tab corresponding
with his last name. In the student record notebook
may be found:
1. At the front (before the "A" of the series of
tabbed dividers) :
a. A summary sheet showing record of standard
communications with each accepted student
(see sample), fees paid, etc;
b. A summary sheet showing record of students
who applied for admission but could not be
admitted for lack of qualification, or due
to an already-filled class. This summary
10-4
-------
also is used to identify applicants who
applied for admission, who were admitted,
and who failed to appear without due
explanation ("no shows").
c. A summary sheet recording student per-
formance (acceptable or not acceptable)
for each of the units of instruction in
the course. (Such a summary worksheet
has not been developed at the writing
of this Guide).
In the alphabetical section of the student
record notebook, each student's personal
record will contain such items as:
a. The application for admission to training;
b. Copies of all correspondence with the
student, except for the routine local
information sheets, one set of which is
kept in the loose file folder;
c. Record copies of student quizzes, data
sheets, and other individual records of
class performance provided by Instructor;
and
d. Documentation of any information about the
student judged to be of possible future
concern or inquiry.
10-5
-------
SUGGESTED STUDENT REGISTRATION PROCEDURES
I. Introduction
A. Purpose
Formal registration and enrollment procedures are
intended to assure that:
1. The class consists of students for whom the
training is intended and designed;
2. The accepted students meet minimum knowledge
and skills required for reasonable assurance
of satisfactory completion of the course;
3. Accepted students are provided with adequate
pre-training information so that they will
make their personal arrangements and travel
schedules to assure arrival at the appointed
time and place, with full participation
throughout the program of training;
4. The size of the class is in accordance with
the course plan; and
5. Those not accepted for training are provided
with suitable advice which can lead to future
admission.
B. Alternative Approaches to Registration
Three different approaches to registration are
considered here, though only the first is described
in detail. Most details of the second and third
identified alternatives can be inferred through
study of the first alternative. The three
approaches considered are:
AT.BMP.7.9.74 11-1
-------
1. Registration by priority of receipt of
application;
2. Registration by comparative evaluation of
all applicants; and
3. Registration for special course offering at
request of another organization. Students
are nominated by the requesting organization
and are accepted without further evaluation
of entry-level qualifications by the training
institution.
II. Alternative Registration Procedures
A. Registration by priority of receipt of applica-
tion (recommended)
1. Applicant receives course announcement;
a) Completes application and secures internal
approvals as required in his own organization,
b) Mails application to registration office
of the institution conducting the training.
2. Course Secretary receives application, and as
received,
a) Records application in registration
summary in front of student notebook;
b) Checks status of registration for avail-
ability of class space, and makes appro-
priate notation on the application or on
attached transmittal slip;
c) Delivers application to Course Coordinator.
11-2
-------
3. Course Coordinator
a) Evaluates the student application and the
space availability situation;
b) By notation on the application or on a
transmittal slip, directs the Course
Secretary to
(1) Accept the applicant, or
(2) Notify the applicant of closed class
enrollment, or
(3) Refer the applicant to the "Basic
Laboratory Skills" course before entry
into this course;
c) For non-admissible applicants, prepares a
special letter (or memorandum record of
other form of communication with applicant)
which sets forth the reasons why the appli-
cant is being rejected. Because of the
compulsory nature of the self-monitoring
tests on municipal effluents for NPDES
Permit compliance, rejection of a bona fide
applicant may be a very serious matter, and
should be handled with care.
4. The Course Secretary
a) Prepares a standard letter or special letter
as directed, and obtains signature of Course
Coordinator:
b) Places a file copy of the letter and the
application in the appropriate place under
the alphabetical tab section of the student
record notebook;
11-3
-------
c) Mails the original letter to the applicant,
and records the date of mailing in the
appropriate place in the summary records
at the front of the student notebook.
d) Approximately 30 days before the course,
mails to each accepted applicant a
standard communication, consisting of
(1) A form letter of welcome to the course,
including information on starting and
closing dates and hours of the course,
directions and how to proceed to the
classroom area, and related information;
and
(2) Local information helpful to outside
visitors, such as hotel/motel informa-
tion, local transportation and schedules
a schematic map of the area, and related
information.
e) Secretary 'records the mailing of the standard
packet on the registration summary sheet.
f) When applications are still being accepted
within 30 days before the start of the course,
the general informational material is included
with the letter of acceptance for admission.
g) On the first day of the course,
(1) Obtains a detailed registration card
from each student. (Some institutions
may dispense with this record, though
it can be of value in report preparation.)
(2) Prepares a class roster of those in
attendance, and distributes to class,
11-4
-------
staff, and keeps a permanent record copy
in course files.
(3) Records any "no shows" (applicants
accepted for training but who did not
appear) in the student summary record
sheet.
B. Registration by Comparative Evaluation of all Applicants
1. The applicant receives course announcement;
a) Completes application and secures internal
approvals as required in his own organization,
b) Mails application to registration office of the
institution conducting the training.
2. The Course Secretary receives the applications, and
a) Records receipt of application in summary
record in student record notebook;
b) Files application in student notebook;
c) Sends standardized letter acknowledging the
application, and briefly explaining the regis-
tration procedure, with assurance that decision
on admission will be announced not less than 30
days prior to start of the course;
d) Approximately 35 days before start of the course,
delivers all applications to the Course Coordina-
tor.
3. The Course Coordinator reviews and evaluates all
applications, selects students to be admitted for
training, and directs Course Secretary to send
appropriate standardized letters and information
packets as described in II, A, above. Special note
should be taken of the particular attention which
should be given to rejected applicants. See II, A.3,c,
above.
11-5
-------
4. The Course Secretary sends communications and pre-
pares records and student files as described in
II, above.
C. Registration with special course offering.
Here a requesting organization has designated a student
body which it wishes to have trained. It is the duty
of the training institution to provide the requesting
organization with admission standards for the course.
It becomes the duty of the requesting organization to
screen its candidates for conformance to these standards,
and to provide the training institution with the names
of the students to be trained. The requesting organiza-
tion usually notifies the students.
1. For record purposes, it is best that students com-
plete a course application form, though it will
not be evaluated as in II.A,B, above.
2. On receipt in the training institution, the Course
Secretary makes the necessary entries, showing
record of receipt and class composition, files are
kept in the usual way. Approximately 30 days before
the course, the individual standardized welcome and
information packets are sent to students in the
usual way. The training organization follows its
usual practices in preparation of records, rosters,
and any other data required for records and reports.
11-6
-------
PRINTED AND REPRODUCED MATERIAL
I. General Information
A. In addition to the student reference text, presentation
of this course requires a number of forms, quizzes,
worksheets, standardized letters, and administrative
materials which are prepared in some numbers or which
lend themselves to standardized format and style.
B. In the following summary pages, these materials are
identified and supported with additional information
on due date, the number to be prepared (for a class of
18 students), and the ultimate fate of the materials
in permanent course records. Institutions offering
this course may find it necessary to add to or to
modify these standardized materials. It is suggested
that appropriate notation be made in the summary sheets,
with samples or examples provided in the following
pages.
C. A sample or example of each item listed (except the
student reference text) is shown following the summary
sheets.
a. Samples can be copied directly, if meeting require-
ments of the training institution.
b. The examples are shown in recognition that a corre-
sponding item probably will be needed by the
training institution, but probably will have to be
modified to fit the situation.
II. Responsibilities for Printed and Reproduced Material
A. Course Coordinator
1. Reviews the administrative materials for con-
formance to the requirements of the regulatory
authority.
AT.EMP.8.9.74 12-1
-------
2. Makes modifications as necessary to the samples and
examples provided in this Guide;
3. Decides upon any additional administrative documents
or records needed, and designs a sample document; and
4. Provides the Staff Secretary with complete identifica-
tion of material to be copied directly, to be modi-
fied, and with sample of new material required for
course administration.
B. The Instructors
1. Review all materials identified for the procedures
for which they have instructional responsibility;
2. Make adjustments in the samples as required;
3. Design new supportive instructional material as
required; and
4. Provide the Staff Secretary with complete information
on material to be copied directly, to be modified,
and with sample of new material required for student
instruction.
C. The Staff Secretary
1. Receives from Course Coordinator and Instructors
identification of existing materials, samples of
modified and new material;
2. Adds to the summary sheets, in the appropriate loca-
tions, the identifying information, together with
the supporting information on due date, quantity,
confidentiality, and ultimate fate of any new or
revised material designed by Course Coordinator or
by Instructors;
3. Reproduces, or arranges reproduction of, the needed
course materials so that they will be available for
use at the time and place required.
12-2
-------
III. Special Warnings
A. All staff members should be particularly alert to
adjustments in "Due Date" which must be made when
the course is conducted in the field, in which
training equipment and supplies must be shipped to
the course site.
B. Preparation of these training materials is a potential
source for great difficulty in course development
and presentation. Few activities in course planning
and development require a greater amount of effective
teamwork among all staff members. The greatest
problem here is one of timing.
1. All staff members must provide necessary infor-
mation and samples of new or modified materials
with adequate lead time to meet "Due Dates."
The amount of lead time is not specified here;
this will vary from one institution to another.
2. The Staff Secretary must be diligent in advising
Course Coordinator and Instructors of impending
logistic problems if delays occur in submission
of materials, and must give prompt attention to
printing or reproduction of needed materials
when delivered by staff members.
3. The author of this guide ruefully confesses that
the worst and most frequent breakdowns in this
area usually are the result of belated delivery
of needed material from Instructional Staff to
the Staff Secretary.
12-3
-------
SUMMARY OF REQUIRED PRINTED/REPRODUCED MATERIAL
13-1
Description
Administrative
Course Announcement
Application for
Admission
Standard Letter:
Acceptance
Standard Letter:
Full Class - Waiting
List
Standard Letter:
Referral to Basic
Lab Skills Course
Standard Letter and
Local Information:
Hotels/Motels,
Transportation/Schedu
Schematic Area Map
Registration Summary
Record
Trainee Registration
Card
Student Performance
Summary Record
Lesson
-
—
-
—
—
Le
-
-
—
When Needed
90 days before
course
90 days before
course
90 days before
course
30 days before
course
90 days before
course
First day
Final day of
course
Number to
be Prepared
Indetermi-
nate
100
100
100
100
1
20
1
Confidential
?
NO
NO
No
No
No
No
NO
No
Yes
Permanent
Record?
1 copy
No
No
No
No
1 copy
Yes
Yes
Yes
Renarks
Distribute to target
group 90 days before
the course.
Usually part of course
announcement. May be
a separate sheet.
Copies will show up
in student files.
Copies will show up in
student files.
Copies will show up in
student files
In Registrar's three-
ring notebook.
AT.EMP(164.1)8.9.74
-------
13-2
SUMMARY OF REQUIRED PRINTED/REPRODUCED MATERIAL
Description
Classroom/Laboratory
Microbiology (MPN
Test #1
Test #2
Assignment Sheet
Lab Data Sheet
Simulated Lab Data
Summary of Student
Performance
Lesson
1 of 10
2 of 10
3 of 10
4 of 10
9 of 10
10 of 10
When Needed
Day 2
Day 2
Day 2
Day 2
Day 4
Day 5
Number to
be Prepared
20
20
20
50
20 sets
1
Confidential
?
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
NO
Permanent
Record?
Yes
Yes
1 copy
Yes
1 set
Yes
Remarks
Keep test papers, or
summary of scores with
one sample of test.
Keep test papers, or
summary of scores with
one sample of test.
One copy of each
student's data sheet
after completion of
lesson 10. Distribute
2 copies of data sheet
to each student.
These are sets of 8
simulated data sheets.
-------
SUMMARY OF REQUIRED PRINTED/REPRODUCED MATERIAL
Description
Cl as s room/Laboratory
pH Determination
Laboratory Results
Instructional Quiz
Suspended Solids
Data Sheet
Lesson
1 of 1
1 of 1
2 of 6
When Needed
Day 2
Day 2
Day 4
Number to
be Prepared
20
40
40
Confidential
?
No
Yes
No
Permanent
Record?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Reirarks
Keep data sheets or
summary of results .
Keep test papers or
summary of results and
dispose of test papers.
Keep one copy of each
student's data sheet
or a summary of class
results (Same as page
11-32 in Suspended
Solids BMP.
13-3
-------
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THE NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
ANOUNCES A SPECIAL OFFERING OF THE FOLLOWING COURSE
SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES: BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS (COURSE #2)
MAY 19-23; 1975
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course is designed for the treatment plant operator or technician who is required
to monitor effluent discharges under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Permit, and who has had little or no previous experience in wastewater analysis
or flow measurement.
Parameters included in this course are BODc, pH, Fecal Coliform, Residual Chlorine, Sus-
pended Solids, and Open Channel Flow. At the conclusion of this training the student
will be familiar with the standard test procedure for each parameter, will have performed
each analysis, and will be able to use a parshall flume or weir to measure effluent flow.
He will also know what equipment and supplies are needed in connection with each procedure.
PRE-REQUISITES
Participant should have ability to perform basic mathematical calculations using both
whole numbers, fractions and decimals. Self-Monitoring Procedures: Course I - Basic
Laboratory Skills or equivalent experience 1s pre-requisite for the course.
TUITION
A tuition fee of $280.00 is required for attendance at this training course.
-------
Excerpted from Federal Register
Vol No 38. No 228. Wednesday Nov 28. 1973
PROCEDURE FOR PAYMENT
Applications for direct training]courses con-
ducted in Cincinnati and Region' IV shall be
completed €->
a* -a r* co
co -s -•• 3
O O r+
r* 3 fl>
CD V> -»
38
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-------
SAMPLE
SELF-MONITORING PROCEDURES:
BASIC PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS (Course 164.1)
5 Days
January 6-10, 1975 May 19-23, 1975
This course is designed for the treatment plant operator
or technician who is required to monitor effluent dis-
charges under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
(NPDES) Permit, and who has had little or no previous
experience in wastewater analysis or flow measurement.
Parameters included in this course are BOD5, pH, Fecal
Coliform, Residual Chlorine, Suspended Solids, and Open
Channel Flow. At the conclusion of this training the
student will be familiar with the standard test procedure
for each parameter, will have performed each analysis, and
will be able to use a parshall flume or weir to measure
effluent flow. He will also know what equipment and
supplies are needed in connection with each procedure.
PRE-REQUISITES
Participant should have ability to perform basic mathe-
matical calculations using both whole numbers, fractions
and decimals. Self-Monitoring Procedures: Course I -
Basic Laboratory Skills or equivalent experience is pre-
requisite for the course.
TUITION - $280.00
July 1974
13-6
-------
SAMPLE
COURSE APPLICATION FORM
SAMPLE
1. Name of Applicant:
Course desired:
Mr.
Miss.
Mrs. (last)
Course Title
Place
where given_
Previous Courses Attended:
Course Title.
Course Title.
Course Title.
4. Sponsor or Employer:
(first)
(middle initial)
Course No.
Dates.
Dates.
Dates.
Dates.
(name of organization or firm)
5. Mailing address of applicant:
(if different from above)
(city)
(street address)
(state)
(zip code) (telephone)
(street address)
(city)
6. Job Duties: (Briefly describe your present position)
(state)
(zip code) (telephone) "
7.
8.
9.
Education:
Experience:
Last year of school completed
Total years in wastewater treatment plant work
Student Skills Checklist: This checklist must be submitted before Application can be
processed
signature of supervisor (where applicable) title
signature of applicant
date
13-7
-------
Name -
Employer
STUDENT SKILLS CHECKLIST
To assist us in processing applications, please check YES or NO for each of the
following items:
YES NO
have operated a laboratory gas burner
have operated a laboratory hotplate/stirrer
have operated an autoclave
have operated a laboratory drying oven
have used a vacuum source to filter liquids
have used a dessicator
have weighed items on an analytical balance
have weighed items on a double pan balance
have used a graduate to measure liquids
have used a volumetric pipet to measure liquids
have used a graduated pipet to measure liquids
have used a pipet bulb to fill a pipet .
have used mouth suction to fill a pipet
have used an inoculating loop to transfer small amounts
of liquid
have used disinfectant to sterilize a lab bench work area . .
have poured liquid from a container into glass test tubes . .
have prepared media used for coliform tests
have used chromic acid to clean glassware
have operated a laboratory safety shower
have operated a laboratory eye washer
have operated a fume hood
have prepared manganous sulfate solution
have made out labels for bottles or reagents
have used a buret
have used starch as a chemical change indicator
have titrated one solution against another to a color change
end point
have recorded a reading at a meniscus
have recorded laboratory data in a laboratory notebook . . .
have entered laboratory data on a pre-printed form
have recorded information about samples on record sheets .
have located required purchase information in a catalog
of laboratory equipment
I have written a purchase order for chemicals to be used
in the lab
13-8
-------
Name
Employer.
YES NO
Volume means space occupied by a solid, liquid, or gas.
mg/1 means milligrams per liter
Normality (N) is a way to express concentration in a
solution
1 Kilogram equals 0.001 gram
1 inch equals 2.54 cm
1000 ml equals 1 liter
85 times 4.1 equals 42.5
7 minus 2 divided by 0.02 equals 250
3.26 rounded to the nearest tenth is 32.6
84.55147 rounded to the nearest thousandth is 84.551 .
13-9
-------
(SAMPLE LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE
FOR TRAINING)
(Institutional Letterhead)
(Date)
To
Dear (Name):
A reservation has been confirmed for your participation in
the course "Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters
for Municipal Effluents," to be conducted at (address,
including building and room identification if pertinent).
Formal class activities will begin promptly at 8:30 AM on
Monday, (date) and the course will be completed by 3:00 PM
on Friday, (date). Please arrange your travel schedule so
that you will be in the classroom at the start of course
activities on Monday and that you will not have to hurry
your departure on Friday.
Information about local travel, transportation, and local
hotels is enclosed for your assistance. We believe that
you will wish to make your own hotel or motel reservations.
We look forward to seeing you at the course, and we will
do everything in our power to make this course a pleasant
and rewarding experience for you.
Sincerely yours,
(signature)
Course Coordinator
Note: If something develops which makes it impossible for
you to attend the course, please telephone or write this
office immediately, in order that another applicant may be
admitted to the course in your place. Please do not
arrange for a substitute without first getting~the approval
of this office.
13-10
-------
(SAMPLE STANDBY LETTER)
(Institutional Letterhead)
(Date)
To
Dear (Name):
We have received your application for admission to the
course "Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters for
Municipal Effluents," to be conducted at (name of institu-
tion) during the period (date to date).
We would be most pleased to enroll you in this course, but
by the time we received your application, all available
positions in the class had been reserved. As you may know,
we limit the class size to a fixed number in order to pro-
vide for the greatest possible amount of personal instruc-
tion during the course, and to provide each participant
with the greatest possible opportunity for actual practice
in the laboratory.
We have made a tentative reservation for you in the next
offering of the course, which is scheduled to be given
(dates). If this will be satisfactory to you, please
write or call us within (number) days, so that we can
confirm your reservation.
In the meantime, we have placed your name on the waiting
list for the course dates which you requested. If a
vacancy does become available, we will let you know immedi-
ately.
Sincerely yours
(signature)
Course Coordinator
13-11
-------
(SAMPLE LETTER OF REFERRA]
(Institutional Letterhead)
(Date)
To
Dear (Name):
We have received your application for admission to the course
"Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters for Municipal
Effluents," to be conducted at (name of institution) during
the period (date to date).
Based on our review of your previous laboratory experience,
we consider that it would be very doubtful whether this
course would provide you with all the knowledge and skills
you will require to perform the self-monitoring tests and
measurements on your municipal wastewater effluents.
Accordingly, we are confirming your reservation in this
course, subject to your first satisfactorily completing the
course (title of "basic skills" course). This course will
be conducted at (location) (dates). We have made a tentative
reservation for you to attend this course. Please let us
know if you can attend this offering of the course.
If you must delay taking the course (name of "basic skills"
course) at this time, then it will be necessary to delay
your acceptance in the course which you have requested.
In the course (name of "basic skills" course) you will learn
many things not covered in the later course, including use
of the analytical balance, preparation and standardization
of laboratory reagents and culture media, care and mainte-
nance of laboratory supplies and equipment, and related tasks.
We are most anxious to help you learn to perform all the
tasks required for self-monitoring of your municipal waste-
water effluents. Please let us know if you can come to both
courses.
Sincerely yours,
(signature)
Course Coordinator
13-12
-------
(EXAMPLE)
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS
National Training Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
TO: COURSE PARTICIPANTS —
We are looking forward to your participation in the course
"Stream Surveillance and Monitoring: Field Investigations and
Sampling Techniques (161.5)" scheduled for presentation at this
Center during the period September 9-13, 1974. If you find you
cannot attend the course, please call us (513 684-8228).
To assist your planning and preparation for this course,
the following items are enclosed:
1. List of hotels and motels
2. Information on local bus transportation and city map,
(NOTE: If bus service is used to the Center, you must
have exact fare of $.25 on boarding bus).
On your arrival in the classroom you will be provided a
course manual and related materials. Production schedules make
it impossible to mail manuals to you in advance of course date.
The course will start at 8:30 AM on Monday, September 9
in Classroom B-56 and will close no later than 4:30 PM, Friday,
September 13. At the conclusion of the course, a certificate
will be awarded the participants who have attended all sessions
and met the training objectives. Please arrange your travel
schedule after closing exercises. (Approximately 1-1/2 hours
should be allowed for travel from the Center to the airport.)
Course involves considerable amount of work in the field,
which will take place "rain or shine." Waders and hip boots
will be provided. You should bring other appropriate clothing,
including raingear, in the event of rain during the field work.
Mr. Charles E. Sponagle, of our staff, is serving as Course
Director and will be available to assist you in solving any
special problems you encounter while attending the course.
Should you have questions or desire assistance in any way,
please do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely yours,
Harold L. Jeter
Director
National Training Center
13-13
-------
DOWNTOWN AND SUBURBAN HOTELS AND MOTELS
CINCINNATIAN HOTEL
6th & Vine Sts., 45202
Phone: 241-0180
Single $3.50 - $6.45
Double $8.60 - $10.75
Twin $10.75
222 Rooms
Meeting Room 1 - Capacity 25
TV, restaurant adjoining
EL RANCHO RANKIN MOTEL
521-5298 Beechmont Ave.f 45230
Phone: 231-4000, Rts. 50 & 125, 1-1/4 miles S.E.
Single $12.50, Double $15 - up, twin $15 - up,
Family plan, 127 rms, meeting rooms 5-
cap. 50-300, heated swimming pool and health club.
Kitchenettes, banquet rooms, 5 dining rooms, cocktail
lounge, bar
HOLIDAY INN - DOWNTOWN
8th & Linn Sts., 45203, Phone: 241-8660,
2 miles W., single $15, double $22, twin $24,
245 rooms, meeting rooms 4 - cap. 25-135
Swimming pool, TV, 2 dining rooms, and bars,
night club "Top of the Inn" (entertainment nightly)
MARIEMONT INN
6880 Wooster Pike, 45227, Phone: 271-2100,
Rt. 50, 17 miles E., single $11 - $14, double
$13 - $18, 53 rooms, meeting rooms 7 - cap. 150,
restaurant, TV, coffee shop, beauty shop, cocktail
lounge
NETHERLAND HILTON HOTEL
35 W. 5th St. 45202, Phone: 621-3800, single $17,
double $23, twin $23 and up, family plan, 800 rooms,
TV, meeting rooms 15 - cap. 70-1500, special Gov't.
rates - $13 single, $19 double
QUALITY MOTEL
4747 Montgomery Rd., 45212, Phone: 351-6000,
single $17, double $22, nearly new, nine-story,
TV, restaurant. Gov't. rates - $13.50 single,
$18.50 - double.
STOUFFER'S CINCINNATI INN
150 W. 5th St. 45202, Phone: 721-8600, single $19 -
$22, double $25 - $28, twin $27, 462 rooms, meeting
rooms 11, cap. 50-550, swimming pool, cocktail lounge
sauna bath, color TV. Gov't. rates - $17 single, $23.50 double,
13-14
-------
TERRACE HILTON HOTEL
15 W. 6th St. 45201, Phone: 381-4000, single $19,
double $25, twin $25, family plan, 350 rooms,
meeting rooms 4 - cap. 75-400, color TV, special
Gov't. rates - $14 single, $20 double
NOTE: We recommend you checking the rate at the time you make
your reservation in the event there has been a price in-
crease.
These hotels and motels are listed for your information
to assist you in planning for your accommodations during
your stay in Cincinnati while attending our training
course, and does not imply endorsement by the Office
of Water Programs, Environmental Protection Agency.
13-15
-------
BUS STOPS &
SCHEDULE
W ashingston
a
onl - Milford
Lv. Gov't.
Square
7:OO AM.
6: 57A.M.
7:35 A.M.
Bus No
28
26
28
Bus Stop
1
1
1
Arr.
Taft Center
7:2O A.M.
7:13 A.M.
7:5O A.M.
Lv. Gov't
Square
7:45 A.M.
8:20 A.M.
9:25 A.M.
Bus No.
28
26
28
Bus Stop
1
1
1
Arr.
Taft Center
8:00 A.M.
8:36 A.M.
9:4O A.M.
l;er h«»
1O:5Q A.M.
12:12 P.M.
12:47 P.M.
2:41 P.M.
28
24
26
28
Bus Stop
1
2
1
1
Arr. Gov't.
Square
11:15 A.M.
12:44 P.M.
1:O6 P.M.
3:00 P.M.
Lv. Taft
Center
3:16 P.M.
4:15 P.M.
4:40 P.M.
4:58 P.M.
5:12 P.M.
Bus No. Bus Stop
24
26
28
26
24
2
1
1
1
2
Arr. Gov't.
Square
3:5 4 P.M.
4:36P.M.
5: 12 P.M.
5:20 P.M.
5:47 P.M.
1-Vlfi
-------
00
I
ROBERT A. TAFT
LABORATORY
ALL VISITORS ARE
REQUESTED TO PARK
IN LOWER PARKING LOT
FT WASIilKfiTOM *
_^^^J***"-«_-^— ^^M^^^
COVINGTON. Ky. OHIO
-------
EXAMPLE
DOWNTOWN AND SUBURBAN HOTELS AND MOTELS
DISTANCE FROM
RATES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
riu I hl_ I MI-
Cincinnatian*
Holiday Inn
*
Nether-land Hilton
Stouffer's Motor
Inn*
*
Terrace Hilton
El Rancho Rankin
Mariemont Inn
Quality Motel
1 LtHltK
7 miles
8 miles
7 miles
7 miles
7 miles
1 mile
2.5 miles
5 miles
City bus from Gov't. Square $ 7.50 $ 9.50
None 15.00 22.00
City bus from Gov't. Square 13.00 19.00
" " 17.00 23.50
» » " " " 14.00 20.00
SUBURBAN
Yes 12.50 15.00
Yes ** 11.00 up 13.00
Yes (5 or more students) 13.50 18.50
* Convenient to bus
** Transportation provided for 8 or more persons.
13-18
-------
SAMPLE
Course Title
Dates
REGISTRATION
INDIVIDUAL
WORD
REC'D
APPL.
REC'D
ACCEPT.
SENT
COURSE
INFO. SENT
13-19
-------
SAMPLE
WAITING LIST
INDIVIDUAL
13-20
WORD
REC'D
APPL.
REC'D
ACTION TAKEN
-------
SAMPLE
Course Title
Dates
Not Admitted
Lack of Space No Shows
13-21
-------
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EMPLOYER CATEGORY
YEARS OF
PROFESSIONAL
EXPERIENCE
O
1-
PROFESSION OR OCCUP>
EDUCATION
"X" ONE ITEM IN EACH CATECORV ONLY
EPA
Dl
DHEW
DEPT. OF DEFENSE
OTHER FEDERAL*
STATE GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
FOREIGN GOVT
UNIV. FACULTY
UNIV. STUDENT
INDUSTRY
CONSULTANT
REGIONAL AGENCY
OTHER •
5HECIFY •
0-1 YEARS
2-4
S-7
B-1O
1 1-18
16-20
21 OR OVER
ADMINISTRATOR
BIOLOGIST
CHEMIST
CIVIC ORGANIZATION*
CONSERVATIONIST
EDUCATOR
ENGINEER •
GEOLOGIST
MICROBIOLOGIST
OCEANOGRAPHER
PHARMACIST
SANITARIAN
STATISTICIAN
TECHNICIAN
TREATMENT PLANT OPERATOR
OTHER •
SPECIFY •
HIGH SCHOOL NON-GRADUATE
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE
COLLEGE NON-GRADUATE 1-3 YEARS
COLLEGE NON-GRADUATE OVER 9 YEARS
BACHELOR DEGREE
MASTER DEGREE
DOCTOR DEGREE
OTHER (describe)
"X"
13-22
-------
ITEM
EPA
01.
DHEW
DEPT OF DEFENSE
OTHER FEDERAL
STATE
LOCAL
FOREIGN GOVT
UNIV FACULTY
UNIV STUDENT
INDUSTRY
CONSULTANT
REGIONAL AGENCY
OTHER
0-1 YEARS
2-4
8-7
8-10
11-15
16-20
21 OR OVER
ADMINISTRATOR
BIOLOGIST
CHEMIST
CIVIC ORG
CONSERVATIONIST
EDUCATOR
ENGINEER
GEOLOGIST
MICROBIOLOGIST
OCEANOGRAPHER
PHARMACIST
SANITARIAN
STATISTICIAN
TECHNICIAN
TREAT PLANT OPEF
HS NON- GRAD
HS GRAD
COL 1 -3 YEARS
COL OVER 3 YEARS
BACHELOR DEGREE
MASTER DEGREE
DOCTOR DEGREE
TUITION WAIVED
EPA
PAI D
WAIVERS REQUESTED
TALLY
TOTAL
1 EMPLOYER CATEGOF
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ARIZONA
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FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
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ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
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KY.
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MASS.
MICHIGAN
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MONTANA
NEBRASKA
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NEW YORK
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NIO
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(COURSE TITLE
DATES
COURSE NUMBER I
13-23
-------
00
ro
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Wafer Programs Operafions
NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER CINCINNATI, OHIO
This certifies that
THOMAS JONES
has completed the course
Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters for Municipal Effluents (164.1)
i
and has been judged proficient in the conduct of the following parameters:
Measurement of pH
Instructor
Treatment Plant Flow Measurement
Fecal Coliform Determination
Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Measurement of Suspended Solids
Instructor
Instructor
Instructor
Instructor
Director. Notional Training Center
Course Director
-------
SAMPLE
TEST #1 Name
EMP: FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Instructions; Place an X in the spaces ( ) which correctly
apply to the statements made. Unless otherwise instructed,
this is an "open book" quiz.
Example: The author(s) of the procedure used here
for testing for fecal coliforms is/are:
(x) Rocco Russomanno
( ) Audrey Donahue
( ) Charles Feldraann
(x) Harold Jeter
1. The test procedures described in this body of instruction
may be variously known as the
( ) Standard Plate Count Method
( ) Multiple Dilution Tube Method
( ) Most Probable Number Method
( ) Membrane Filter Method
( ) MPN Method
2. The purpose of the fecal coliform test is to determine
whether
( ) The effluent from the wastewater treatment
plant contains pathogenic (disease-causing
bacteria
( ) The bacteriological quality of the effluent
meets requirements set for the plant by the
State or other authorities
( ) The water is safe to drink
( ) The effluent water should be recycled through
the treatment plant for further reduction of
bacteria.
3. To perform the fecal coliform test, measured sample
portions are first delivered into
( ) Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth
( ) EC Broth
( ) Water Bath Incubator
( ) 35°C Air Incubator
13-25
-------
TEST #1 - EMP: Fecal Coliform
4. Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth may be abbreviated
as
( ) EC
( ) LST
( ) BGLB
( ) LLSTB
5. EC Broth may be identified in abbreviated form as
( ) EC
( ) LST
( ) BGEC
( ) LLSTB
6. After 24 hours, incubation in the first medium, the
cultures are examined, and a "+" result reported if —
( ) growth occurred in the tubes
( ) gas was present in the tubes
( ) gas was absent in the tubes
( ) fecal coliforms were present
7. Transfers are made from --
( ) tubes showing gas in the first medium —
( ) tubes not showing gas in the first medium —
to ( ) Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth
( ) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
( ) EC Broth
( ) Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth
8. After inoculation of the sample into the first culture
medium and incubator, the results are "negative" if —
( ) growth has not occurred within 24 hours
( ) gas has not appeared within 24 hours
( ) gas has not appeared within 48 hours
( ) gas has not appeared within 72 hours
13-26
-------
TEST #1 - BMP: Fecal Coliform
9. After transfer from the first medium, the results are
declared "positive" on the second medium if —
( ) gas has appeared within 1 hour
( ) growth has appeared within 24 hours
( ) gas has appeared within 24 hours
( ) gas has appeared within 48 hours
10. Incubation of the tubes in the first medium is —
( ) in an air incubator set at 35°C ± 0.5°C
( ) in an air incubator set at 44.5°C + 0.2°C
( ) in a water bath incubator set at 37°C ± 0.5°C
( ) in a water bath incubator set at 44.5°C + 0.2°C
11. Once the sample has been inoculated into the first
culture medium/ the test for fecal coliform bacteria
may require up to
( ) 1 hour
( ) 24 hours
( ) 48 hours
( ) 72 hours
( ) 96 hours
13-27
-------
SAMPLE
TEST #2 Name
BMP: FECAL COLIFORM TEST
1. The waterbath incubator is to be operated at
( ) 35°C + 0.5°C
( ) 35°C ± 0.2°C
( ) 44.5°C + 0.5°C
( ) 44.5°C ± 0.2°C
2. The air incubator is to be operated at
( ) 35°C + 0.5°C
( ) 35°C + 0.2°C
( ) 44.5°C 1 0.5°C
( ) 44.5°C ± 0.2°C
3. The autoclave is acceptable for
( ) sterilization of culture media
( ) sterilization of used cultures
( ) sterilization of dry glassware
( ) preparation of distilled water
4. The autoclave is operated at
( ) 35°C
( ) 44.5°C
( ) 121°C
( ) 170°C - 180°C
5. Disinfectant solution is used
( ) to rinse the hands after working with cultures
( ) to wash the laboratory bench at the beginning
of each day's work
( ) to sterilize used cultures before draining the
tubes for washing of the glassware
{ ) to wash the laboratory bench at the end of each
day's work
13-28
-------
Test #2 - BMP: Fecal Coliform
6. Fermentation tube assemblies
( ) are used to prepare sample dilutions
( ) are used to contain culture media to demonstrate
gas production from special culture media
( ) consist of a large culture tube with a cap and
an inner, smaller, inverted glass tube.
( ) must be assembled from different components
which are ordered separately
( ) are purchased as complete assemblies.
7. Pipettes —
( ) are used to transfer a culture from one
medium to another
{ ) are used to deliver a measured sample portion
into a culture medium
( ) may be made of glass, copper, or plastic
( ) are sterilized in disinfecting solution
( ) do not have to be sterilized for use in the
bacteriology laboratory.
8. In deciding how large an incubator to buy, it is best to
select
( ) the largest and most expensive one that the
laboratory budget will permit
( ) one which has shelf space enough to accept the
number of racks of new cultures to be inoculated
on any given day.
( ) one which has shelf space enough to accept about
three times the number of racks of new cultures
to be inoculated on any given day.
9. The inoculation loop —
( ) is used to inoculate a sample into the first
culture medium in the fecal coliform test
( ) is used to transfer a culture from one culture
medium to another
( ) should be made of 26 B and S gauge wire
( > should be 4 - 5 mm in diameter
( ) may be made of any kind of wire, such as
copper, platinum, nichrome, or iron.
13-29
-------
SAMPLE
BMP - Fecal Coliform
Lesson 3
ASSIGNMENT: Same to all students
1. Prepare 300 ml of EC Broth.
2. Dispense the medium in 10-ml increments into the 25
fermentation tube assemblies prepared in Lesson 4.
a. Use a 10-ml pipette for about half of the tubes.
b. For the remainder of the tubes, use a funnel-with-
pinchcock assembly which the staff will have pre-
pared for your use. Make a note of this assembly
as it is an easy way to dispense culture medium
rapidly. It is not necessary that the culture
medium be delivered with great accuracy: anything
from 10-11 ml is acceptable.
3. Give the culture medium to an instructor for steriliza-
tion in the autoclave.
4. Discard any remaining culture medium after preparing
the 25 tubes of medium.
13-30
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source .V»*-<^
?-fc
>^
•4
*-*^
Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
•\
-f
-4-
-*-
4-
+
4
— •
—
4-
—
—
-1
—
^
—
—
-^
— •
—
48 hr.
-t
^
—
—
—
•~—
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
-t-
-f
-f
-^
^V
-h
-h
—
— v
—
No.TuJjes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
13-31
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
mmm ft M ft . ^^%| V ft _ M§^ 4^
Sample Source t»\lV*^— MTHJt H Lab. No<5 j
Station H Collection Date *|lV. Time
Received in LaboratoryJM^^M Test Started {Ot
fiy .
Remarks
J?M
ml sample
per tube
(.0
O.I
6.0\
O.oo\
tube
code
CLx
>
d
1
-O
5*
*
^
^
V
/o
^A-
/o
^
;JL,
>-<^
^->
;-o
M
?-uu-
Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
—
-
H-
— ~
—
—
—
-^
—
—
—
— -
—
— •
— •
—
— -
— .
— -
— •
48 hr.
1"
—
H-
—
-\
—
—
•^
^
— ,
j^
-—
-^
—
—
—
—
—
— •
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
—
-V
—
—
No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes:
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
13-32
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source W\ \'^^ X^X\fc\\ It Lab. No.
Station j Collection Date
Time
Received in Laboratoryfrfl^ A^gM Test Started (Q'ty
By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
I.*
o.\
o.ov
O.OON
tube
code
IJ^X
Jlr
0
A
>-
«/ '
V
y
fy
V
/
\&s
t^
fy
^
fc
^if/
filr'
>-<^
+1
i^~^
Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
-V
~t
*
-v
-V
^
+
-V
-V-
-V
-f
—
~*-
-\*
— •
—
-^
—
-^
—
48 hr.
~^
-t
—
—
—
-_
—
—
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
-v-
>
t-
T
•h
-t
>
4-
—
-v-
—
—
-v
No. Tubes
Positive
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
13-33
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source.
Station H Collection Date
No.
Time ^*.tS*
Received in Laboratory i^fl^M Test Star ted
By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
*
^ A
0.6V
5 .oo\
tube
code
0^
fc
^r-
j^^f^
^, *24I/
^^L^^0fi
ts^
Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
\
^
\
-V
^
-V
-+
-f-
-v-
^r
-V
-V
—
—
— •
—
-v-
—
-V
48 hr.
• —
• — •
-t-
^V
-t-
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
-V-
-v
-^
-V
^S
-h
•V
-V-
r
H-
—
-V
—
-v
—
—
No.TuJjes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
13-34
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
^ Lab. No.
Time f''^ Apl
Sample Source
Station { ollection Date
Received in Laboratory//'** AyM Test Started/W A/M
By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
/«
O.I
o.oi
o.o* /
tube
code
*J
4-
c
4
4-
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Lab. No.
Sample Source _,
Station ^ Collection Date///V/?V Time 9:5*>
Received in Laboratory'««o A/M Test Started "•'/* A/M
By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1.*
a-/
0. O/
0. OOI
tube
code
/fU
£
c
«L
~e.
/a.
«
*;
^
•^
1^
1*
1 e.
Id
1 JL-
TL*s
*.£•
z c.
A-6
2 *~
Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
+-
—
-*•
-
-
— .
•t-
—
—
-
__
^
—
—
-
„ „
^
^
_-
*-
48 hr.
-*•
—
—
—
•f-
—
—
—
—
—
~
—
^
—
—
—
—
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
~
— .
— .
•f-
—
No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /10.0 ml Reported by:
13-36
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source
Station
Lab.
Time /A'**
Received in Laboratory//'** A^M Test Started
By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
/'
0./
0.0'
o.a«/
tube
code
AX
(l-
e
4
JO
fks
fc
c
T
J
>,
/*x
/fi-
fe.
l4
(^
>^
-xt-
+**
M
^-JO
Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
+
•V
4
+
^
•*-
4-
-V
4*
.^t,.
-^
—
-*•
-*
-
^
-
-
-
^
48 hr.
—
~
—
—
—
—
_
—
^
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
•V
•»•
-*•
+
•»-
-»•
4*
•*-
+
4*
4-
No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
13-37
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Sourc.e
Station
Lab. No.
yD;00 AfM
Received in Laboratory//.** APM Test Started //.'Zl A/M
By
ml sample
per tube
/,
0.1
0..,
"•"/
tube
code
cu
(r
0
^
G-
c
3
^
/•^
l(r
(c
/ j(
gj^n
IAS
*-(r
t-<~
*-%
TLkx
Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
-f
H-
V
4.
-A.
4-
4
4-
V
^>
•t
+
4
4*
4
4
4
4-
4*
48 hr.
aBBIWESESTi
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
ramiBBBMagg
t
•t
4
4
4
4-
•t-
4-
4-
•4-
No. Tubes
Positive
gBsasaaBgBOiiiniiii iiaiau
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
la-as
-------
Summary Record of Student Performance on MPN Tests
NAME OF ANALYST
No. of Tubes Positive
,og MPN
Total of logs
Mean of logs
Antilog of mean of logs
(geometric mean)
13-39
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL QUIZ
for the
pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
Treatment Plant Effluents
SELECT ONE ANSWER
1. The selection of the pH scale (0-14) is based on the:
a. solubility of ions in water.
b. formation of hydroxyl ions in solution.
c. ionization constant for water.
2. The pH concept was proposed by Sorenson (1909). Instead
of expressing hydrogen ion concentration in terms of
molar concentrations he suggested:
a. expression of such values in terms of their negative
logarithms.
b. expression of such values in terms of their
dissociation solubilities.
c. expression of such values on a scale from 0-14 units.
3. A pH meter:
a. measures electrical potential between two suitable
electrodes.
b. determines conductance of acids and bases.
c. relates temperature to ion concentrations of aqueous
solutions.
4. The indicating electrode always:
a. assumes a potential dependent on the pH of the
solution.
b. contains saturated potassium chloride solution.
c. contains a glass membrane which is semi-permeable
to aqueous solutions.
5. The mechanism by which the glass membrane responds to
hydrogen ion activity involves:
a. absorption of hydrogen ions on both sides of the
membrane.
b. semi-permeability of the glass membrane for aqueous
solutions.
c. electrical conductance of the solution.
13-40
-------
6. The reference chamber of the pH electrode system should
always be kept nearly full with saturated potassium
chloride solution because:
a. the potential must be constant (+ 0.246 volt).
b. battery life is prolonged.
c. the electrode is less likely to be damaged.
7. The pH sensitive glass membrane dehydrates when removed
from water and thus it is imperative that dry electrodes
be soaked in:
a. buffer or water for several hours before use.
b. dilute acid to activate the electrode.
c. dilute base to activate the electrode.
8. In using a pH meter the instrument should be calibrated:
a. in the general range of the unknown solutions.
Appropriate buffers can be selected (pH 4.0, 6.8,
7.4 and 10.0).
b. in air.
c. in the laboratory.
9. Standard pH solutions can be most economically prepared
by the use of:
a. formulas outlined in standard methods.
b. commercially available powder pillows.
c. commercially available pH standard solutions.
10. Results obtained with pH meters are limited in accuracy
to:
a. 0.1 pH unit.
b. 0.01 pH unit.
c. 0.001 pH unit.
13-41
-------
Name
LABORATORY RESULTS
SAMPLE
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Buffer 9
13-42
pH RESULTS
-------
Typical Laboratory Data Sheet
for
TOTAL SUSPENDED (NON-FILTERABLE) SOLIDS, rag/liter
Name of Plant
STEP
B.2
B.2
B.2
B.2
C.4
E.I
E.8
H.6
1. 10
13
1.14
1.14
1.14
C.7
K.3
K.5
K.7
K.9
1.15
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Identification
Type (grab, etc.)
Date & Time Collected
Sample Collector
Filter Identification
Date & Time Analysis began
ml Sample Filtered
1st weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
2nd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (lst-2nd)
3rd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (2nd-3rd)
Final weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Weight of Filter* (g)
Find Difference (g) by subtracting
Line 14 from Line 13
Divide to 7 decimal places:
(line 15) difference (g)
(line 7) ml sample filtered
Multiply Line 16 by 1000 000
(move decimal point 6 places Rt.)
Round answer on Line 17
to nearest whole number
Analyst
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
INS #1
GRAB
5/1/74 0900
Tom Sampler
WG2
5/1/74 1100
67:0
0.1426
0.1416
0.0010
0.0413
0.0003
0.1413
0.1293
0.0120
0.0001791
179.1
179 mg/1
Mary Analyst
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
•"Filter" means the filter disc if a funnel type filtration assembly is used.
crucibles are used "filter" means the crucible containing a filter disc.
If Gooch
13-43
-------
PART II. INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEETS
For each Effluent Monitoring Procedure (commonly termed
"Emp" by instructors) in the Student Reference Manual,
there is an Instructional Package Worksheet in this Guide.
The Worksheet is for guidance to the instructor for develop-
ment of the subject matter covered in the course.
These Worksheets are not scripts. The instructor will need
to make extensive and detailed preparation in order to
perform the assigned tasks effectively and efficiently.
The Instructional Packages do provide a perspective on the
background of each analytical procedure, lesson-by-lesson
learning achievement levels the students should attain, an
indication of available audiovisual and other instructional
resources, and a recommended course of action in pre-course
preparation and classroom/laboratory instruction. With
each lesson are samples or examples of adjunct instructional
resources, such as special assignment sheets, student data
and data-summary sheets, quizzes (with school answers), and
samples of typical data the student might be expected to
consolidate for reporting.
Application of these Instructional Packages will help the
instructor to reduce the time required for planning and
organizing a strategy of preparation and instruction. But
time and effort are required for physical preparations for
classroom and laboratory instruction; time and effort are
required for rehearsals of instructor performance in class-
room and laboratory. These requirements never can be met
by such a Course Guide as this; ultimately the instructor
is the key person in assuring that the student acquires the
needed knowledge and skills.
AT.EMP.9.9.74
-------
Part II. Instructional Package Worksheets
—A. BOD and Related Procedures
1. FR stipulates the method described in Standard Methods
(13th ed) p. 489. No different BOD method is presented
either by ASTM or in the EPA Methods Manual.
2. The method permits dissolved oxygen determination either
by the (Alsterberg) modified Winkler method, or by means
of a DO probe.
3. In order to permit flexibility in application of this
test in various treatment works, this course provides
for DO determination both by the modified Winkler method
and by a probe method. Two variants on the probe method
are available, one based on a Weston and Stack DO probe,
and the other based on a Yellow Springs Instrument.
4. This multiplicity of EMP's based on differences in
instrumentation will not be practiced regularly. It is
included here to demonstrate the need for modifying
existing "EMP's" when the local situation requires use
of a different make and model of instrumentation than
shown in the EMP provided in the model course.
5. Under stipulated conditions, a permit-holder may be
allowed to substitute the COD test for the BOD determi-
nation. It is recommended that those wishing to make
this substitution consult with their own regulatory
agency before making such a change. In any case, it is
recommended that the COD test be taught in another
course, and not substituted for the BOD test in this
course.
AT.EMP.10a.6.75
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
WINKLER DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN-AZIDE MODIFICATION
as applied in
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
CH.O.EMP. 2a.9.74
14-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Winkler Determination of Dissolved Oxygen-Azide Modification
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME:
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner should know
how to perform a dissolved oxygen test since it is an integral part of
the five day biochemical oxygen demand test which is required by the
permit system.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: The learner must be able to:
1. perform basic mathematical computations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division)
2. handle solutions of acids and bases safely
3. boil water on a hot-plate safely
4. understand the terms liter, milliliter, gram, milligram
5. understand the term normality, to the extent that it is a chemical
way of expressing concentration
6. perform weighings on an analytical and on a trip balance
7. use ordinary laboratory glassware such as beakers, flasks,
graduate cylinders, volumetric flasks, burettes, volumetric
and graduate pipettes
8. clean laboratory glassware
9. prepare chemical solutions
10. prepare a desiccator for use
11. perform a titration (the emphasis should be on proper technique,
rather than on the type of titration)
12. use a Kemmer sampler and an APHA sampler
NOTE: These 12 skills may be obtained by successful completion
of Course I
14-3
-------
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will exhibit proper technique while
determining the oxygen content of a sample of distilled water.
2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of the attached EMP, and
all chemicals and equipment listed in it.
3. Accepted Performance - The use of proper technique in performing the
test will be judged by the instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media
a. Overheads dealing with general considerations about dissolved
oxygen
b. *Color TV tape showing the Winkler titration-azide modification
c. *Color TV tape showing the sodium thiosulfate standardization
2. Suggested Media
None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
1. Classroom - discussion of the importance of dissolved oxygen by
the instructor (using overheads and XT-29)
2. Laboratory - equipment and reagent preparation using the attached EMP
3. Classroom - color TV tape showing the standardization of the sodium
thiosulfate titrant
4. Laboratory - standardization of the sodium thiosulfate titrant using
the attached EMP
5. Classroom - color TV tape showing the Winkler dissolved oxygen
determination, azide modification.
6. Laboratory - determination of the dissolved oxygen content of a
distilled water sample using the attached EMP.
7. Classroom - discussion of calculations
8. Classroom - final discussion of the procedure
*Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water Program Operations, National Training Center
Cincinnati, OH 45268
14-4
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN USING
A DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER
as applied In
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and In the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
CH.O.do.EMP.2a.9.74
15-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Determination of Dissolved Oxygen Using a Dissolved Oxygen Meter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME:
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner should know how
to perform a dissolved oxygen measurement since it is part of the five
day biochemical oxygen demand test which is required by the permit system.
ENTRY LEVEL OF BEHAVIOR: The learner must have 1) the same entry level
behavior listed in EMP CH.O.EMP.la.9.74, Winkler Determination of Dissolved
Oxygen-Azide Modification, and 2) successfully completed the EMP mentioned
in 1).
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will exhibit proper technique while
placing the Western and Stack Model 300 Dissolved Oxygen Meter into
operation and using it to make a dissolved oxygen measurement.
2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of the attached EMP, and all
equipment and reagents listed in it.
3. Accepted Performance - The use of proper technique in placing the meter
into operation and using it to make a measurement will be judged by
the instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media
a. *35mm slides showing all parts of the Weston and Stack Model 300
Dissolved Oxygen Meter.
b. *Color TV tape showing the complete sequence of placing the meter
into operation.
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
1. Classroom - discussion of dissolved oxygen meters as an alternate way
of measuring dissolved oxygen.
2. Classroom - showing of 35mm slides of all parts of the Weston and Stack
Model 300 Dissolved Oxygen Meter.
3. Classroom - color TV tape showing the complete sequence of placing
the meter into operation.
*Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Water Program Operations, National Training Center,
Cincinnati, OH 45268.
15-3
-------
4. Laboratory - placing the Weston and Stack Model 300 Oxygen Meter into
operation including electrode cleaning, membrane installation, cali-
bration, and use of the meter to make a dissolved oxygen measurement.
15-4
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
DETERMINATION OF FIVE-DAY BIOCHEMICAL
OXYGEN DEMAND (BODg)
as applied in
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
:H.0.bod.EMP.2b.0.74
16-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Determination of Five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD5
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION:
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME:
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner should know how
to perform the Biochemical Oxygen Demand Test because It Is required by
the permit system.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: The learner must have 1) the same entry level behavior
listed in EMP CH.O.EMP.la.9.74, Winkler Determination of Dissolved Oxygen-
Azide Modification, and 2) successfully completed the EMP mentioned in 1).
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will exhibit proper technique while
determining the five-day biochemical oxygen demand of a sample.
2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of all chemicals and equip-
ment listed in the attached EMP.
3. Accepted Performance - The use of proper technique in performing the
test will be judged by the instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media
a. "Overheads dealing with general considerations about biochemical
oxygen demand.
b. *XT-54, The Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
c. *Color TV tape showing sample dilution and filling of a BOD bottle.
d. *Revised color TV tape showing sample dilution and filling of a
BOD bottle.
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
1. Classroom - discussion of the biochemical oxygen demand determination
by the instructor (using overheads and XT-54).
2. Laboratory - equipment and reagent preparation using the attached EMP.
3. Classroom - Color TV tape showing sample dilution and filling of a
BOD bottle.
*Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Water Program Operations, National Training Center, Cincinnati, OH 45268
16-3
-------
4. Laboratory - setting up the BOD test (course length will allow only
a four-day test).
5. Classroom - discussion of the procedure.
6. Classroom (last day of course) - calculations of results and final
discussion.
16-4
-------
Part II. Instructional Package Worksheets
--B. Hydrogen Ion Concentration
1. The FR issuance in Outline No. 1 of the manual
does not stipulate an accepted method for pH
determination.
2. The EPA manual "Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes" (1972) does list two references
for agency-approved pH determination. These are:
a. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater (13th ed), p. 276, Method 144A
and
b. ASTM Standards, Part 23, Water: Atmospheric
Analysis, p. 280, Method D1293-65 (1970)
3. Both methods cited are electrometric procedures.
Both require periodic calibration of the instru-
ment against at least three buffer solutions of
known pH.
4. Because of the wide variety of commercially manu-
factured instruments available to the user, it is
necessary that the step-by-step procedures taught
in this course be adapted from the manufacturer's
instructions for application to the instruments
at hand.
5. There is no present indication of acceptance of
any other approach to pH determination for com-
pliance with Permit conditions, such as through
use of colorimetry or by pH test papers.
AT.EMP.lla.6.75
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
pH DETERMINATION OF WASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANT EFFLUENTS
as applied In
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and In the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATER
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CH.pH.EMP.2.in.7a 17-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: pH Determination
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater Treatment
Plant Effluents
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME: 2 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS OBJECTIVE: The learner should know how to set up,
calibratef and use a pH meter for the pH determination of wastewater and
wastewater treatment plant effluents.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:
A. Instructional Objective
1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will determine the pH of several standard
solutions and typical samples of treatment plant effluents.
2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of the attached CH.pH.EMP.1.9.73
and all chemicals and equipment listed in it.
3. Accepted Performance - Acceptable technique in performing the test will
be determined by the instructor.
B. Instructional Resources
1. Available Media - XT-69 pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
Treatment Plant Effluents
2. Suggested Media -
C. Instructional Approach (Sequencing)
1. Discussion of the various types of available pH meters by the instructor.
2. Distribution of pre-instructional quiz to all participants.
3. Discussion of the operation of a pH meter by the instructor.
4. Showing of A/V unit XT-69 pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
treatment plant effluents.
5. Laboratory exercise involving set up, calibration, and use of pH meter.
Learner will use two prepared buffer solutions for calibration and will
determine the pH of two prepared buffer solutions and three typical
samples of treatment plant effluents.
17-3
-------
6. Critique of the laboratory exercise by the instructor.
7. Distribution of post instructional quiz to all participants,
8. Review and grading of pre and post quizzes.
17-4
-------
Supplement to
Guidelines for Instructional
Package Worksheet
pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
Treatment Plant Effluents
OBJECTIVE: This narrative provides the basic procedures for setting up pH equip-
ment for the instructional sequence pH Determination of Wastewater and Waste-
water Treatment Plant Effluents. Methods for the preparation of buffer and
sample solutions used in the sequence are also described.
EQUIPMENT SET-UP: pH instrumentation for the sequence should be set up as
follows:
1. All pH equipment should be set up in operation according to the specific
instrument manufacturer's instructions at least 48 hours prior to use
in the course.
2. The pH meters should be tested for accuracy and reliability by following
the procedure in the EMP for calibration and use of the instrument for
pH measurement.
3. Batteries used in portable pH meters must be new or recently checked with
a volt meter to insure they meet required voltage specifications.
4. Follow the step-wise procedure (D) Maintenance in the EMP to insure that
the level of saturated potassium chloride is sufficient in the electrode.
5. If erratic needle movement is noticed, check procedure (E) Trouble
Shooting in the EMP. If the trouble cannot be corrected, replace elec-
trode with new one.
6. Periodically use the pH meter for the measurement of the pH of a known
standard at least twice a day prior to the course.
BUFFER PREPARATION: Buffer solutions can be prepared according to the formulation
provided in the EMP. A few crystals of thymol should be added per liter of
prepared buffer solution to prevent bacterial growth. An analytical balance,
capable of measuring to the third decimal place, is required. In the event an
analytical balance is not available, commercially prepared pH packets may be
substituted.
SAMPLE PREPARATION: Treatment plant effluent samples are preferred for use in the
laboratory. If they are not available or are inconvenient to obtain, mixtures
of buffer solutions may be used as unknowns.
17-5
-------
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Buffer 4
Buffer 9
Name
LABORATORY RESULTS
SAMPLE
pH RESULT
17-7
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL QUIZ
for the
pH Determination of Wastewater and Wastewater
Treatment Plant Effluents
SELECT ONE ANSWER
1. The selection of the pH scale (0-14) is based on the:
a. solubility of ions in water.
b. formation of hydroxyl ions in solution.
(Q ionization constant for water.
2. The pH concept was proposed by Sorenson (1909). Instead of expressing
hydrogen ion concentration in terms of molar concentrations he suggested:
© expression of such values in terms of their nagative logarithms.
b. expression of such values in terms of their dissociation solubilities.
c. expression of such values on a scale from 0-14 units.
3. A pH meter:
(£) measures electrical potential between two suitable electrodes.
b. determines conductance of acids and bases.
c. relates temperature to ion concentrations of aqueous solutions.
4. The indicating electrode always:
(ay assumes a potential dependent on the pH of the solution.
b. contains saturated potassium chloride solution.
c. contains a glass membrane which is semi-permeable to aqueous solutions.
5. The mechanism by which the glass membrane responds to hydrogen ion
activity involves:
(3) absorption of hydrogen ions on both sides of the membrane.
b. semi-permeability of the glass membrane for aqueous solutions.
c. electrical conductance of the solution.
6. The reference chamber of the pH electrode system should always be kept
nearly full with saturated potassium chloride solution because:
(a) the potential must be constant (+ 0.246 volt).
b. battery life is prolonged.
c. the electrode is less likely to be damaged.
7. The pH sensitive glass membrane dehydrates when removed from water and thus
it is imperative that dry electrodes be soaked in:
(a^ buffer or water for several hours before use.
ti. dilute acid to activate the electrode.
c. dilute base to activate the electrode.
17-9
-------
8. In using a pH meter the instrument should be calibrated:
(T) in the general range of the unknown solutions.
Appropriate buffers can be selected (pH 4.0, 6.8, 7.4 and 10.0).
b. in air.
c. in the laboratory.
9. Standard pH solutions can be most economically prepared by the use of:
formulas outlined in standard methods.
commercially available powder pillows.
c. commercially available pH standard solutions.
10. Results obtained with pH meters are limited in accuracy to:
©0.1 pH units.
57 0.01 pH unit.
c. 0.001 pH unit.
17-10
-------
Part II. Instructional Package Worksheets
C. Microbiology
1. The FR issuance in Outline No. 1 of this manual
offers two alternative methods for fecal coliform
determination. Both are found in Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (13th
ed), and are:
p. 669: Fecal Coliform MPN Procedure
p. 684: Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter Procedure
2. Between these two methods, as approved in the FR
Issuance of October 16, 1973, it is urged that, at
least until further notice, the MPN procedure be
taught. The MF method in Standard Methods indi-
cates a non-applicability of membrane filter
methods for chlorinated effluents; a clarifying
issuance on this subject is expected in FR in the
near future at the time of printing this manual.
3. In teaching the MPN procedure, it is urged that
the 5-tube multiple dilution tube method be used
as given in the student guide, rather than one of
the other combinations of tube plantings.
4. In some smaller plants, special permit conditions
may allow, at least for the time being, use of the
total coliform test instead of the fecal coliform
test. If the total coliform method is taught, it
is suggested that the instructor communicate with
the National Training Center for student instruc-
tional materials and instructor guides.
AT.EMP.12a.6.75
-------
5. This course does not lend itself to instruction
in both the MPN and the membrane filter method
simultaneously. The methods involve so much
attention to detail for both procedures that in
the time frame allocated, it is most unlikely
that students will be able to meet instructional
objectives for both procedures.
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
COLLECTION AND HANDLING OF BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLES
FROM A WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY
as applied In
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and In the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
W.BA.sa.EMP.2.9.74
18-1
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Collection and Handling of Bacteriological Samples
from a Wastewater Treatment Facility
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME: 30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: In his own working environment
the student must apply the correct methods for collecting and handling a
sample for fecal coliform (bacteriological) testing. Failure to apply
correct sampling procedures results in unacceptable data.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Admission to this course.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior: The student will be familiar with the procedures to be
used from any approved sampling point in the wastewater treatment plant,
and with accepted procedures for handling samples until start of test.
2. Conditions: Classroom; lecture and conference
3. Accepted Performance: Attendance and participation in this session will
be accepted as evidence of familiarity with the procedures and precautions
applied to this subject matter.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
Effluent Monitoring Procedure, in student reference manual, same title as
this subject matter heading, and unassembled 2x2 slides.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Lecture on "Collection and Handling" principles (allow 15 minutes)
2. Discuss and orient the class to the use of the Effluent Monitoring
Procedure in the student reference manual, (allow 5 minutes)
3. Question-and-answer session. In absence of questions raised by class,
instructor should pose several questions to the class as necessary to
stimulate questions relating to the subject natter and its application
to specific in-plant situations and as related to various systems for
effluent analyses.
18-3
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
by the
MULTIPLE DILUTION TUBE METHOD
as applied In
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municioal Permits and Ooerations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
W.BA.EMP.2a.l0.74 19-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Summary of Instruction on Subject Matter
LESSON NUMBER: total 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 7:30
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Fecal coliform test is accepted
(required for large plants) among the mandatory tests for municipal wastewater
treatment plant effluents under the NPDES Permit System.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: General Educational Development at high-school graduate
level (hereafter referred to as GED): ability to operate steam pressure steri-
lizer; ability to use laboratory balance in range to 50 grams, accuracy ±0.1
gram; ability to use mouth pipette for sample delivery; ability to transfer
liquid cultures with inoculation loop. Successful completion of course "Basic
Laboratory Skills for Municipal Treatment Plant Personnel" is acceptable.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare representative bacteriological
culture media for MPN Fecal Coliform test; perform all laboratory procedures
and record-keeping operations in testing treatment plant effluent samples,
and report fecal coliform counts per 100 ml of sample in range 20-1,600,000.
2. Conditions - Classroom instruction and laboratory application. Trainee will
be provided with laboratory equipment and supplies designated in EMP "Fecal
Coliform Test (MPN)." Samples will be collected by staff.
3. Accepted Performance - As stipulated in individual lessons. This will range
from acceptable scores in written (open-book) quizzes, homework written
assignments, approval of instructor for laboratory techniques and intermediate
points in test procedures; and final results within a designated limit of
central tendency of overall class results.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MPN;11 "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater" "Current Practices in Water Microbiology."
Pertinent issuances from Federal Register; numerous NTC slides and projectuals.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional objec-
tive
1. Lessons 1-6 (incl) on second day of course (4 hours)
2. Lesson 7 on third day of course (afternoon) (1.5 hours)
3. Lesson 8-9 on fourth day of course (afternoon) (1.5 hours)
4. Lesson 10 on fifth day of course (afternoon) (30 minutes)
19-3
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Overview of Test
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 1 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: To orient the trainee on (1) the
bacteriological testing requirements associated with the NPDES permit system;
and (2) on the overall nature of the fecal coliform (MPN) test.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Admission to course. See Overview Sheet, page 19-3.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will (1) identify the characteristics of the fecal
coliform group which are used to differentiate them from the total coliform
group; (2) identify the major steps in the fecal coliform MPN test; and (3)
demonstrate familiarity with terms associated with the test procedure.
2. Conditions - Classroom: quiz (open book, written, multiple choice, matching,
completion).
3. Accepted Performance - 90% correct score (recommend 80% if quiz is closed
book)
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - Publications noted in cover sheet this subject. EMP "Fecal
Coliform Test." Various projectuals available from NTC.
Suggested Media - Assemble standardized series of slides and projectuals.
Make new ones as required.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Pre-lesson preparation:
Be sure to have a supply of test #1 on hand. Test provided here (note sample
with answers on pages following) is suggested. Sample (without answers
marked) is in the section on secretarial preparations.
2. Lecture/conference:
a. Present NPDES testing requirements as per Federal Register
b. Fecal coliform criteria under permit system
c. Orient the class to use of this EMP
d. Outline fecal coliform test; special reference to pages 2, 5, EMP
e. Define and explain all pertinent terms.
3. Quiz (open book)
a. Administer the quiz
b. Grade and review
c. Collect for analysis of progress
19-5
-------
TEST #1 Name
EMP: FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Instructions: Place an X in the spaces ( ) which correctly apply to the statements
made. Unless otherwise instructed, this is an "open book" quiz.
Example: The author(s) of the procedure used here for testing for
fecal coliforms is/are:
x ) Rocco Russomanno
) Audrey Donahue
( ) Charles Feldmann
(x ) Harold Jeter
1. The test procedures described in this body of instruction may be variously
known as the
( ) Standard Plate Count Method
(X) Multiple Dilution Tube Method
(X) Most Probable Number Method
( ) Membrane Filter Method
(X) MPN Method
2. The purpose of the fecal coliform test is to determine whether
( ) The effluent from the wastewater treatment plant
contains pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria
The bacteriological quality of the effluent meets
requirements set for the plant by the State or other
authorities
( ) The water is safe to drink
( ) The effluent water should be recycled through the
treatment plant for further reduction of bacteria.
3. To perform the fecal coliform test, measured sample portions are first
delivered into
(X) Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth
( ) EC Broth
( ) Water Bath Incubator
( ) 35°C Air Incubator
19-7
-------
4. Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth may be abbreviated as
( ) EC
(X) LST
( ) BGLB
(X) LLSTB
5. EC Broth may be identified in abbreviated form as
(X) EC
( ) LST
( ) BGEC
( ) LLSTB
6. After 24 hours, incubation in the first medium, the cultures are examined,
and a "+" result reported if —
( ) growth occurred in the tubes
(X) 9as was present in the tubes
( ) gas was absent in the tubes
( ) fecal coliforms were present
7. Transfers are made from —
(X) tubes showing gas in the first medium --
( ) tubes not showing gas in the first medium --
to — ( ) Lactose Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose Broth
( ) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
(X) EC Broth
( ) Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth
8. After inoculation of the sample into the first culture medium and incubator,
the results are "negative" if —
( ) growth has not occurred within 24 hours
( ) gas has not appeared within 24 hours
()() gas has not appeared within 48 hours
( ) gas has not appeared within 72 hours
19-8
-------
9. After transfer from the first medium, the results are declared "positive"
on the second medium if —
( ) gas has appeared within 1 hour
( ) growth has appeared within 24 hours
(X) gas has appeared within 24 hours
( ) gas has appeared within 48 hours
10. Incubation of the tubes in the first medium is --
(JO in an air incubator set at 35°C ± 0.5°C
( ) in an air incubator set at 44.5°C ± 0.2°C
( ) in a water bath incubator set at 37°C +. 0.5°C
( ) in a water bath incubator set at 44.5°C + 0.2°C
11. Once the sample has been inoculated into the first culture medium, the test
for fecal coliform bacteria may require up to
( ) 1 hour
( ) 24 hours
( ) 48 hours
(X) 72 hours
( ) 96 hours
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:
1. Score 2 points off for each wrong answer.
2. Note that there are 48 blanks ( ). Some will be correct if left blank ( ),
and others must be marked (X) to be correct.
3. This gives each student 4 "free" points.
19-9
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Equipment and Supply Requirements
LESSON NUMBER: 2 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 1 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: In his own working environment the
trainee will need to recognize, provide first-line operation and maintenance,
and reorder (or request purchase of) replacement equipment and supplies used in
the test.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAV-IOR: Completion of Lesson 1, this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will (1) identify equipment and supplies used
in the fecal coliform test (MPN); (2) identify specifications of equipment
and supplies required; and (3) recognize the operational requirements of the
equipment used in the test.
2. Conditions - Classroom; written quiz (open book); multiple choice, matching
completion.
3. Accepted Performance - 90% correct score (80% if quiz is closed book)
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - CCTV cassette, EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)" pp 3,4:
A, 1-11
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Pre-lesson preparation:
Be sure to have a supply of test #2 on hand. Test provided here (note
sample with answers on pages following) is suggested. Sample (without
answers marked) is in the section on secretarial preparations.
2. Lecture/demonstration
a. Draw attention to EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" (MPN) pp 2,3; A. 1-11
b. Use CCTV cassette to show and tell items in detail
c. Discuss any omissions in CCTV cassette; answer questions
3. Be sure to discuss quantity/size requirements associated with testing pro-
grams under minimum permit requirements.
4. Quiz: give quiz; grade and review; collect for analysis of progress.
19-11
-------
TEST #2 Name
EMP: FECAL COL IFORM TEST
1. The waterbath incubator is to be operated at
( ) 35°C + 0.5°C
( ) 35°C ± 0.2°C
( ) 44.5°C ±0.5°C
(X) 44.5°C + 0.2°C
2. The air incubator is to be operated at
(X) 35°C ± 0.5°C
( ) 35°C + 0.2°C
( ) 44.5°C ±0.5°C
( ) 44.5°C ±0.2°C
3. The autoclave is acceptable for
(X) sterilization of culture media
(X) sterilization of used cultures
(X) sterilization of dry glassware
( ) preparation of distilled water
4. The autoclave is operated at
( ) 35°C
( ,) 44.5°C
(X) 121°C
( ) 170°C - 180°C
5. Disinfectant solution is used
( ) to rinse the hands after working with cultures
(X) to wash the laboratory bench at the beginning of each
day's work
( ) to sterilize used cultures before draining the tubes
for washing of the glassware
(X) to wash the laboratory bench at the end of each day's work.
19-13
-------
6. Fermentation tube assemblies
( ) are used to prepare sample dilutions
(X) are used to contain culture media to demonstrate gas
production from special culture media
(X) consist of a large culture tube with a cap and an inner,
smaller, inverted glass tube
(X) must be assembled from different components which are
ordered separately
( ) are purchased as complete assemblies.
7. Pipettes —
( ) are used to transfer a culture from one medium to another
(X) are used to deliver a measured sample portion into a
culture medium
( ) may be made of glass, copper, or plastic
( ) are sterilized in disinfecting solution
( ) do not have to be sterilized for use in the bacteriology
laboratory.
8. In deciding how large an incubator to buy, it is best to select
( ) the largest and most expensive one that the laboratory
budget will permit.
( ) one which has shelf space enough to accept the number of
racks of new cultures to be inoculated on any given day.
(X) one which has shelf space enough to accept about three
times the number of racks of new cultures to be inoculated
on any given day.
9. The inoculation loop --
( ) is used to inoculate a sample into the first culture
medium in the fecal coliform test
(X) is used to transfer a culture from one culture medium to
another
(X) should be made of 26 B and S gauge wire
( ) should be 4 - 5 mm in diameter
( ) may be made of any kind of wire, such as copper, platinum,
nichrome, or iron.
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:
Score 2-1/2 points off for each wrong answer. (Some blanks correctly will be left
blank, while others will be marked with "X" for correct answer).
There are 38 blanks. This scoring system gives each student 5 "free" points.
19-14
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Media Preparation
LESSON NUMBER: 3 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 1 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: In his own working environment
the trainee will be responsible for media preparation for this test.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: GED. Ability to use balance, weighing up to 50 grams
with accuracy within 0.1 gram; ability to measure distilled water with 1-liter
graduated cylinder; ability to operate autoclave.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare 30 tubes of EC Broth, using
commercially available dehydrated medium. Based on knowledge and experience
gained in this objective it is expected that the trainee will be able to
prepare any other liquid media required for total coliform testing.
2. Conditions - Laboratory: Application.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor: prior to sterilization
all tubes of media should contain 10-11 of medium, instructor must become
familiar with approximate depth of medium in tube in order to recognize
acceptable amount. (This does not require measurement for check.)
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)"
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Pre-lesson preparations: Have on hand, either at student-pair working posi-
tions or at a conveniently accessible location in the laboratory the following:
a. Student assignment sheets on media preparation.
b. 1 culture-tube rack per student.
c. 4-6 balances, 0.1 gram sensitivity at load 150 grams.
d. Autoclave
e. 1 beaker per student, 400-600 ml capacity
f. Culture tubes with fermentation vials, caps; 25 per student.
g. 1 10-ml pi pet per student
h. 1 500-ml graduated cylinder per student pair
i. 5 liters of distilled water
j. 4-6 1/4-1b bottles of dehydrated EC Broth
k. Funnel assembly with length of rubber tubing, pinchclamp, ringstand;
1 per student pair.
1. 1 sponge and disinfectant per student pair.
19-15
-------
2. Briefing. Show visual aid demonstration of procedures for lessons 3, 4, 5.
3. Instructor assigns each class member responsibility for media preparation.
4. Trainees prepare medium in accordance with instructions in BMP, A.13
5. Students secure instructor approval of product; turn medium over to instructor.
Sterilization will be done by staff member; medium is retained for class use
on next two days.
6. Trainees proceed to lesson 4, this series.
19-16
-------
EMP - Fecal Coliform (MPN)
Lesson 3
ASSIGNMENT: Same to all students
1. Prepare 300 ml of EC Broth
2. Dispense the medium in 10-ml increments into the 25 fermentation tube
assemblies prepared in lesson 4.
3. a. Use a 10-ml pipette for about half of the tubes.
b. For the remainder of the tubes, use a funnel-with-pinchcock
assembly which the staff will have prepared for your use.
Make a note of this assembly as it is an easy way to dispense
culture medium rapidly. It is not necessary that the culture
medium be delivered with great accuracy: anything from 10-11 ml
is acceptable.
3. Give the culture medium to an instructor for sterilization in the autoclave.
4. Discard any remaining culture medium after preparing the 25 tubes of medium.
SPECIAL NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:
Note that the preparation of 300 ml of culture medium will require an adjustment
of the amount of dehydrated medium described in the EMP. Making this adjustment
will be a useful part of the learning experience of the students in the course.
19-17
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Collform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Preparation of Laboratory Data Sheet
LESSON NUMBER: 4 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Trainees will have to prepare a labo-
ratory data sheet ("bench sheet") for every sample tested in their own facilities;
or to use some form of collective record. Day-by-day records essential to per-
formance of this test.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Completion of first three less of this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Given detailed sample source information and sensitivity
range for the test, trainee will prepare laboratory data sheet for sample to be
tested for fecal coliform count.
2. Conditions - Laboratory: application.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor. Planned sample volumes must span
the pre-testing information given about the sensitivity range of the test to be
performed.
INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" B.3., 1.2.3. Unassembled NTC slides,
projectuals.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Pre-lesson preparation: Have available in the classroom 2 copies per student
of the data sheet. Sample as it might appear after completion by student is
on the following page. The basic format of this sample is found in the
secretarial preparations section. It may be necessary to use a different
data format in some States for compliance with mandatory forms used by the
State in which the course is conducted.
2. Provide preliminary briefing to class (See C., lesson 3)
a. Draw attention to EMP, B.3., 1.2.3
b. Show visual aids to illustrate preparation of data sheet.
c. Provide background data to class for use in preparing data sheet.
3. Trainees prepare their individual data sheets.
4. Instructor inspects data sheets; approves or calls for corrections.
5. Upon satisfactory completion of data sheet, trainee proceeds to lesson 5,
this series.
19-19
-------
NOTE: Each student will prepare two sample
data sheets. One will be turned in daily for
inspection.
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
(SAMPLE)
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source tfu*fcl£ - E&M& Efttut*t Lab. No. 14
Station M. Collection Datey/IST Time 10:50 A/M
Received in Laboratory70:ffaftl Test Started
By K. Smith.
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1-0
0.1
6. oof
6.60?
tube
code
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Presumptive
LLSTB
24 hr.
48 hr.
Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
19-21
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Assembly and labeling of culture tubes
LESSON NUMBER: 5 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: This is an essential feature of
test performance; requires absolutely accurate sample identification and identi-
fication of individual tubes in the test series.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Acceptable completion of lesson 4 of this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Given an accepted data sheet for a sample to be tested,
trainee will assemble requisite number of tubes of lactose lauryl .sulfate
tryptose broth in a rack in a designated organization, and will label each
tube in accordance with a code prescribed by the instructional staff.
2. Conditions - Laboratory: application.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor; tubes to be organized in rows
as specified by instructor; labeled in accordance with code established for
the use of the class.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" B.4, 5, CCTV cassette.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Pre-lesson preparation: Have available, either at student work positions
or at a well-organized table in the laboratory the following:
a. 1 culture tube rack per student
b. 20 tubes single-strength lactose lauryl sulfate tryptose fermentation
broth per student.
c. 1 wax pencil
2. Briefing of class (See C. Lesson 5)
a. Draw attention to EMP's Item B.4, 5
b. Instruct class to proceed in accordance with instructions shown there
and in Section VII.
c. Draw attention to sample display chart of tube labeling.
3. Class to label tubes
4. Instructor to approve
5. After all of class has finished lesson up to 5 of this series, go to
class briefing for lesson 6.
19-23
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Sample Inoculation and Associated Procedures
LESSON NUMBER: 6 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 1 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: This is the essential first-stage
of the test-proper. It must be performed by the analyst.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: GED; Satisfactory completion of lessons 1-5, this series.
Ability to use pipette for inoculation of bacteriological culture media.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will correctly inoculate sample portions into
primary inoculation medium in volumes specified in the data sheet prepared
in lesson 6, this.series.
2. Conditions - Laboratory: application.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - CCTV Cassette demonstration. Slides. EMP "Fecal Coliform
Test" part B., 6, 7, 8, 9.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Pre-lesson preparation: Have available, either at student work positions
or at a well-organized table in the laboratory, the following:
a. Sample of "sewage treatment plant effluent," prepared as follows:
(1) Collect fresh municipal sewage from a main or from influent into a
wastewater treatment plant, not less than 3 hours before class
time. Refrigerate until class time; as class begins --
(2) Deliver 0.3 ml of the sewage into 2 liters of sterile dilution
water contained in a 4-liter bottle;
(3) Shake thoroughly, and
(4) Deliver into individual sample containers, one per student,
labeled with typical information required of a sample.
b. 2-3 1-ml pipets, sterile, per student
c. Pipet disposal jar, per student pair
d. 1-2 99-ml dilution water blanks per student
e. 1 sponge and disinfectant solution.
19-25
-------
2. Briefing
a. Show audiovisual series.
b. Draw attention to EMP B.6.7.8.9, covering assignment of this lesson.
3. Distribute samples to class.
4. Class performs steps outlined in EMP B.6,7,8,9.
5. Instructor circulates in class constantly, correcting errors as noted.
6. Trainees to place cultures in incubator.
7. End of day's activity in coliform tests.
8. Continue with lesson 7 after 24 = 2 hours incubation.
19-26
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coin form Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: 24-hour procedures associated with the test
LESSON NUMBER: 7 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 1.5 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: This is an essential part of the
test sequence. It must be performed on a scheduled basis if the trainee is to
perform a bona fide sample test.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: GED. Satisfactory completion of lessons 1-6 of this series.
Ability to use inoculation loop in making transfers of liquid cultures.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will perform the steps outlined in EMP "Fecal
Coliform Test" (MPN), C.I,2,3,4,5,6 inclusive.
2. Conditions - Laboratory: application. Preliminary briefing in classroom.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor. Instructor to circulate in
class; observe and check reading of 24-hour results, recording of results,
transfers to EC Broth. Correct deficiencies on the spot. All 24-hour
positive results should fall into the same order of magnitude (not varying
by more than +_ 3 tubes from a "norm."
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - Unassembled projectuals, 35 nm slides, CCTV cassette.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Have available at each class working position:
a. Gas burner
b. Inoculation loops, at least 1, preferably 2
c. Discard basket for cultures
d. Sponge and disinfectant
e. Supply of EC broth prepared by students on previous day, and
sterilized by staff.
2. Class briefing
a. Draw attention to EMP, Cl,2,3,4,5,6. Instruct class to perform steps.
b. Demonstrate procedures, preferably with CCTV cassette; use tape-slides
otherwise.
3. Class to perform laboratory procedures identified in A.I above.
4. Instructor to circulate in class; observe, consult, correct deficiencies.
5. Continue with lesson 8 after 24 ± 2 hours incubation.
19-27
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: 48-hour procedures associated with the test.
LESSON NUMBER: 8 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: This is an essential part of
the test. It must be performed 48 hours after initial sample inoculation
if a bona-fide test is to be performed.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: GED; Satisfactory completion lessons 1-7 of this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will perform the steps outlined in EMP "Fecal
Coliform Test" (MPN) D.l-6, inclusive.
2. Conditions - Preliminary briefing in classroom; laboratory; application.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor. Instructor to circulate in
laboratory; special attention to reading and recording of results; proper
disposition of discarded cultures. Correct deficiencies on the spon.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test" D.l-6, inclusive. Unassembled
NTC slides. CCTV cassette
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Set up student working positions with discard baskets, inoculation loops,
EC broth, sponge, and disinfectant.
2. Class briefing
a. Draw attention to EMP D.l-6, inclusive. Instruct class to perform steps.
b. Demonstrate procedures, preferably with CCTV cassette. Secondarily use
tape-slide sequence.
3. Class to perform laboratory procedures identified in A.I above.
4. Instructor to circulate in class; observe, consult, correct deficiencies.
5. Continue with lesson 9 after 24 ± 2 hours incubation.
19-29
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source Ejf&j*i£ -fiSa*t & Lab. No.
JO:oo A/M
Station
Collection Date
Received in Laboratory tO&ORfvi Test Started tc:
By
Remarks
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24 hr.
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ECB
24 hr.
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No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 m] Reported by:
19-31
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
V Lab. No.
Sample Source
Station if- Collection DateV^/^Time ft V-ST A/M
Received in Laboratory* **° A/M Test Star ted /O;S* A/M
Remarks
By
ml sample
per tube
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24 hr.
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ECB
24 hr.
—
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—
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No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
19-32
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
ft
Lab. No.
Sample Source
Station 3 Collection Date //f*/7$!im& 9: 3d A/M
Received in Laboratory"20
Remarks
A?M Test Started
By l4t.J
ml sample
per tube
1.0
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code
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LLSTB
24 hr.
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24 hr.
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No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
19-33
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source
Station V
2,7.
Collection Date
/0-.2.Q
Lab. No._£jT_
9: *f A/M
Received in Laboratory' A^M Test Started'
By M t* J
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
l.o
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tube
code
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24 hr.
4-
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Positive
Code of Positive Tubes: - - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
19-34
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source £U£uesd - Pltttd £ Lab. No.
Station 4 Collection DateY'V^rime
Received in Laboratory*
Remarks
_A/M Test Started '!•_
By I4L J
ml sample
per tube
l.o
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0.0 J
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tube
code
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LLSTB
24 hr.
—
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Fecal
ECB
24 hr.
—
—
—
No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes:
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
19-35
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source £UJtuJtodb- Pfotct" *t Lab. No. g"7
Station V Collection DateV/7/Tgime I'-To
Received in Laborator^'^^Al/M Test Started//•'/«
—— i * —
By ///. J
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
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code
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£
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/ft.
/^
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-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source Epfattt&»t'-r£eu*t /L Lab. No._
Station 3 Collection Date///V/7/Time /*: 3.6
Received in Laboratory^ A^M Test Started'^
By rj L J
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1.0
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0.01
o.ao/
tube
code
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24 hr.
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-
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—
—
_
-
—
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-
48 hr.
-H
—
—
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—
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—
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ECB
24 hr.
4-
^»
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-+•
4-
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4-
•+•
+-
+
—
4-
—
.-
No. Tubes
Positive
Code of Positive Tubes:- - MPN Index
Fecal Coliforms: /100 ml Reported by:
19-37
-------
FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Multiple Dilution Tube (MPN) Method
Sample Source ElU**Jl-Pjb*db 22. Lab. No.
Station 4 Collection Date//'tf/'7*fime /0:o° A/M
Received in Laboratory ' * * Aj/M Test Started/A'2°
By
Remarks
ml sample
per tube
1.0
O.I
O.o 1
o.o&i
tube
code
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Determination of MPN from Completed Data Sheets
LESSON NUMBER: 9 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 1 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Analyst is required to report
count per 100 ml of sample based on combinations of positive and negative
tubes; as essential part of the test procedure.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: GED. Successful completion of lessons 1-8, this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will be able to compute the MPN per 100 ml
of sample from tube results tabulated on a data sheet for total coliform
test.
2. Conditions - Classroom; application. Trainee will work with simulated
data sheets under instructor guidance; based on this instruction the
trainee will be able to perform a similar operation on the data sheet
for the laboratory application of coliform test.
3. Accepted Performance - Correct evaluation of at least 5 out of 6 data
sheets for the following factors: a. number of confirmed tubes positive
for each group of 5; b. the correct MPN Code; c. the correct MPN index;
and d. the correct MPN per 100 ml.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - NTC slides or projectuals.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Have available a set of simulated data sheets for student exercise. Sample
set is in section on secretarial preparations. Instructor should work out
and mark on set of data sheets presented here the correct codes for positive
tubes, MPN Index, and MPN per 100 ml. This should be done prior to class.
2. Lecture/demonstration of objectives of converting tube results to numerical
results.
3. Show audiovisual unit.
4. Distribute simulated data sheets to class.
5. Work through one simulated data sheet with class "By the numbers."
6. Have individual class members work out the four elements in A.3, above.
19-39
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7. Review results with class; have class grade simulated data sheets.
8. Collect papers for analysis of progress.
9. Give additional (home) work to trainees not meeting acceptable performance
requirements.
19-40
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GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test (MPN)
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Termination of test: 72 hours
LESSON NUMBER: 10 of 10
ESTIMATED TIME: 30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: An essential part of test, which
must be performed by analyst.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: GED. Satisfactory completion of lessons 1-9, this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will perform the steps outlined in EMP "Fecal
Coliform Test" (MPN) E, 1-5; F, 1-6; and G, 1.
2. Conditions - Laboratory: application. Given, the culture which has been
under study during the entire sequence of testing, the student will use
the basic bacteriological supplies and equipment to terminate the test and
report results.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor. MPN code should be within
+^3 tubes of class "norm." MPN index and MPN per 100 ml should be correct
without tolerance for error for the code reported.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP Fecal Coliform Test E, F, and G, inclusive, plus
training guide materials cited at end of EMP.
Suggested Media - Chalkboard, or blank chart; for entry of individual
results of class into a composite table of results.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing) - Step by step listing of instructional
events and/or use of media required to reach the instructional objective.
1. Set up student working positions with discard baskets, inoculation loops, EC
broth, sponge, and disinfectant. H
2. Class briefing
a. Draw attention to pertinent portions of EMP
b. Instruct class to report final MPN Code, Index, and Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
on chalkboard or blank chart as provided.
3. Class to perform procedures as assigned.
4. Class to be reconvened at last for final overview and summary of results.
5. Final questions and commentary on test and observations of class performance.
19-41
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Suruiury Record of Student Performance on MPN Tests
NAME OF ANALYST
No. of Tubes Positive
ml / ml / ml /ml
'Log iMPN
Total of logs
Mean of logs
Antilog of mean of logs
(geometric mean)
19-43
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A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
FECAL COLIFORM TEST BY MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD
as applied In
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATER
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
W.BA.EMP.3.11.74 20-1
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Summary of Instruction on Subject Matter
LESSON NUMBER: total of 8 lessons ESTIMATED TIME: 7:30
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Fecal coliform test is accepted
(required for large plants) among the manditory tests for municipal wastewater
treatment plant effluents under the NPDES Permit System.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: General Educational Development at high-school graduate
level (GED): ability to operate steam pressure sterilizer; ability to use
laboratory balance in range to 50 grams, accuracy +.0.1 gram; ability to use
mouth pipette for sample delivery,
or
successful completion of Basic Laboratory Skills for Treatment Plant Operators
(BLS-TPO).
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare representative bacteriological
culture media for MF fecal coliform test; perform test laboratory procedures
and record-keeping operations in testing treatment plant effluent samples,
and report fecal coliform counts per 100 ml of sample in range 100-1200.
2. Conditions - Classroom instruction and laboratory application. Trainee will
be provided with laboratory equipment and supplies designated in EMP "Fecal
Coliform Test (MF)." Samples will be prepared by staff.
3. Accepted Performance - As stipulated in individual lessons. This will range
from acceptable scores in written (open book) quizzes, homework written
assignments, approval of instructor for laboratory techniques and inter-
mediate points in test procedures; and final results within a designated
limit of central tendency for overall class results.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test (MF)11; "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater"; "Current Practices in Water Micro-
biology"; Pertinent issuances from the Federal Register; numerous NTC slides
and projactuals.
2. Suggested Media - NTC slides and projectuals must be organized in standardized
series to be used with designated lessons of this series.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
1. Day 2 of course - Lessons 1 - 5 inclusive. 4.5 hours
2. Day 3 of course - Lessons 6-7 1.5 hours
3. Day 4 of course - Lessons 8-9 1.5 hours
Total 7.5 hours
20-3
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Overview of Test
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 1.0 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: In order to meet the basic self-monitoring require-
ments for municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents, the student needs to
have information about (1) the bacteriological testing requirements associated
with the MPDES permit system; and (2) on the overall nature of the fecal coliform
test using the membrane filter method.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Admission to training based on (1) successful completion of
"Basic Laboratory Skills" course; or through (2) satisfying the training
registrar that the individual has adequate prior knowledge and skills to give
reasonable assurance of satisfactory completion of this training module.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will (1) identify the characteristics of the
fecal coliform group and the characteristics of the total coliform group;
(2) identify the major steps in the fecal coliform membrane filter procedure;
and (3) demonstrate familiarity with terms associated with the test organism
and the laboratory procedure.
2. Conditions - Classroom: quiz (written; may be open book with multiple choice,
matching, or completion answers. See example quiz following this instruc-
tional package worksheet.
3. Accepted Performance - Suggest requiring 90% correct score if open book quiz,
80% correct score if quiz is closed book.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," various
2x2 slides, projectuals available from the National Training Center.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. a. Before the course: Approximately 30 days before the course, be sure that
quiz is composed (if prepared by instructor) or that example quiz is in
hands of Course Secretary for reproduction.
b. Obtain supply of quizzes and review during last week before course.
2. Classroom instruction
a. Lecture/confererence:
(1) Present NPDES testing requirements for fecal coliforms as given
in Federal Register
(2) Discuss fecal coliform criteria under permit system
(3 Orient the class to use of this EMP
20-5
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(4) Outline the fecal coliform test, with special reference to
pages 4 - 5 of the membrane filter procedure in the student
reference text.
(5) Define and explain all pertinent terms; answer class questions
as they arise.
b. Quiz (recommend open book)
(1) Acirrinister the quiz; allow approximately 15 minutes.
(2) Grade and review the quiz; have students grade their
own papers, giving discussions of answers as necessary.
(3) Collect quiz papers for recording of results and for
anslysis of student problems/progress.
20-6
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FECAL COLIFORM TEST (MF) QUIZ
Lesson 1
Instructions: Place an X in the spaces ( ) which correctly apply to the
statements made. Unless otherwise instructed, this is an "open book"
quiz.
Example; The author(s) of the procedure used here for testing for
fecal coliforms is/are:
(x) Rocco Russomanno
( ) Audrey Donahue
( ) Charles Feldmann
(X) Harold Jeter
1. The purpose of running the fecal coliform test as an effluent monitoring
procedure is to:
determine the extent of disease bacteria
correlate it with chemistry analysis
determine effluent quality
indirectly measure chlorination levels
il
2. The sample water which passes through the membrane filter is:
( ) cultured for a color development
( ) delivered in a series of measured volumes for analysis
used to develop control plates
passed to discard.
\ /
il
3. Fecal coliform colonies are recognized by their:
characteristic size
ability to be seen under magnification of 10X or 15X
blue or blue-tint colorations
( ) ability to continuously give suitable colony densities.
4. Fecal coliform calculations are made:
( ) to give fecal coliforms per 100 ml of sample
( ) based upon the number of blue colonies to blue-tinted colonies
as a ratio
( ) based upon the 26 hour reading having subtracted from it the
22-hour count of fecal coliforms
( ) by counting all plates and using all counts for averaging.
The flow sheet for the fecal coliform test (MF) indicates:
blue or blue-tinted colonies are viewed before incubation
colonies with blue or blue-tinted colorations must have those
without this characteristic subtracted from them
that only a single sample volume is run for results
that immediately after running the sample volumes the fecal
coliform colonies can be determined
il
il
20-7
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.6. Fecal coliform colonies are counted
by averaging all of the plates
by use of a binocular dissecting scope
at 8-hour intervals
only when the colony centers are blue
Indicate whether the following are True (T) or False (F)
7. Fecal coliforms have an allowable temperature range of 1°C from
the desired incubation temperature.
8. Plates are incubated in a spray of heated water.
9. The count made from each membrane directly gives the count per 100 ml,
10. MFC broth is a culture medium.
11. Sample water passing through the membrane should have detectable
fecal coliforms.
12. Fecal coliform plates must be counted at the end of each work day.
13. The water bath incubator can vary over several degrees as long as
it averages 44.5°C.
20-8
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Equipment and Supply Requirements
LESSON NUMBER: 2 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 0.75 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: In his own working environment the student will
need to recognize, provide first-line operation and maintenance, and order
(or request purchase of) replacement equipment and supplies used in the test.
Furthermore, the student must learn the terminology of the needed equipment
and supplies in order to follow instructions and perform procedures outlined
in lessons following this.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Completion of lesson 1 of this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will (1) identify equipment and supplies used
in the fecal coliform test by membrane filter method; (2) identify speci-
fications of equipment and supplies required; and (3) recognize the
operational requirements of the equipment used in the test.
2. Conditions - Classroom: written quiz (open book recommended) using multiple
• choice, matching, and completion type questions.
3. Accepted Performance - 90% correct score recommended with open book quiz,
80% correct score suggested if quiz is closed book.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by the Membrane Filter Method," pp 6, 7, 8; to the
extent readily portable, use the equipment and supplies used in the test;
to the extent that equipment is not portable, it is desirable that the
instructor use slides, available from NTC. Alternately, take class to
laboratory for show-and-tell instruction.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Pre-class: Approximately 30 days before the course, be sure that quiz is
composed (if prepared by instructor) or that example quiz is in the hands
of the Course Secretary for reproduction.
Obtain the supply of quizzes and review during the last week before the
course.
2. Classroom instruction
(1) Draw attention to EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method,"
PP 6, 7, 8.
(2) Discuss all portable equipment and supplies by a "show and tell" method,
passing portable equipment through the class; for non-portable equip-
ment, take class to the equipment. Alternately (less desirable) use
slides or CCTV cassette (not yet available at writing of this Guide).
(3) Be sure to discuss quantity/size requirements of equipment and supplies
and how they interrelate with the testing requirements with each Permit.
20-9
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(4) Give the quiz. Have students mark their own papers after writing
the quiz; marking of papers to be associated with question-and-
answer procedures to clear up any difficulty shown up In quiz.
Collect quizzes for recording and for evaluation of student per-
formance and evaluation of instructional efficiency.
20-10
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Test #2 Name
EMP: FECAL COLIFORM TEST (Membrane Filter Method)
1. For the fecal coliform test, the waterbath incubator is to be operated at
( ) 35°C +0.5°C
( ) 35°C + 0.2°C
( ) 44.5°C + 0.5°C
( ) 44.5°C + 0.2°C
2. The autoclave can or should be used for sterilization of
( } Sample bottles
( } Filtration apparatus
( ) Dilution water
( ) Membrane Filter Culture Media
3. The autoclave is to be operated routinely at
( ) 35°C
( ) 44.5°C
( ) 121°C
( ) 170 - 18C°C
4. Disinfectant solution is used routinely in the laboratory to
( ) rinse the hands after working with cultures
( ) wash the laboratory bench at the beginning of each day's work
( ) sterilize membrane filter culture medium for use in the lab
( ) wash the laboratory bench at the end of each day's work
5. Pi pets —
( ) Are used to deliver a measured sample portion into the filtration
apparatus
( ) Are used for preparation of sample dilutions
( ) May be made of copper, glass, or plastic
( ) Are sterilized in the disinfectant solution prior to use in
the bacteriology laboratory
( ) Do not have tc be sterilized for use in the bacteriology laboratory
e. In deciding how large a water bath incubator to buy, it is best to select —
( ) the largest and most expensive one that the laboratory budget will stand
( ) one which has enough space to hold the number of cultures to be
incubated on the heaviest cay's work
( ) the one which has space enough to hold the number of cultures to be
incubated on ar. average day's work.
20-11
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7. The oven sterilizer routinely
( ) is routinely operated in the range 160 to 180°C.
( ) is routinely operated at a temperature of 121°C
( ) is used for sterilization of glass pi pets, sample bottles
( ) is used for sterilization of membrane filter culture medium
8. Items which are used repeatedly in the laboratory (pipets, sample
bottles, etc)
( ) should be purchased in quantities providing an inventory of at
least 3 times the normal single day's requirements
( ) should be purchased in quantities providing an inventory of at
least 10 times the normal single day's requirements
( ) should be made of borosilicate glass
( ) may be made of soft glass if used only once then discarded
20-12
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Preparation of culture medium
LESSON NUMBER: 3 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 1.0 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: In his own working environment the student will be
responsible for media preparation and management for this test.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Basic laboratory skills; ability to use simple balance,
graduated cylinder, pi pet.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare 50 ml of M-FC broth,
commercially available dehydrated medium.
2. Conditions - Laboratory application. Staff will provide dehydrated
medium, distilled water, and pre-prepared 1% Rosolic Acid solution in
0.2 N solution of NaOH. Students will sterilize their own media.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor. Instructor must be
thoroughly familiar with appearance of typical satisfactory media, and
must be able to recognize visual evidence of omission of such constituents
as the rosolic acid solution, or evidence of gross errors in weighing.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," pp 14-15, slides or
projectuals as available from National Training Center.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Before the lesson
a. Prepare 100 ml of IX solution of rosolic acid solution in 0.2 N NaOh.
This solution is not particularly stable; it may be kept in refrige-
rator up to one week but is best prepared on day of the lesson.
b. Have available for student use: balances, dehydrated M-FC broth,
empty dilution water bottles, graduated cylinder (50- or 100-ml size),
1-ml pi pets, 400-600 ml beakers, electric hot plates.
2. During the lessen
a. Draw class attention to the EMP procedure on medium preparation cited
in B above, pp 14-15. Have class read the procedure.
b. Demonstrate procedure for weighing, mixing, and sterilizing the medium.
Use slides or CCTV material to extent available.
c. Have class go to laboratory and prepare medium; each student prepares
medium for own use for remainder of course. Medium is to be labeled
with student's name and stored in refrigerator.
d. Instructor and instructor's assistant must circulate among class
constantly during this laboratory application. Successful attainment
of training objective for this subject is heavily dependent upon
preparation of an acceptable culture medium.
20-13
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Preparation of Data Sheet
LESSON NUMBER: 4 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 0.5 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: The student will have to prepare a laboratory record
sheet ("bench sheet") for every sample tested in his own facilities. Day-by-day
records are essential for performance of this test. This lesson provides
instruction in application of a useful system of bench records, but does not
constitute instruction in a "universal" or required record system.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Completion of lessons 1 - 3 of this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will prepare laboratory data sheet for effluent
sample to be tested for fecal coliform content.
2. Conditions - Classroom: application. Student will be given detailed
sample source and collection data, and sensitivity range of the test to be
performed.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor. Planned sample volumes must
be such that the results will span the expected range of fecal coliform
counts predicted under operational conditions.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," pp 16-17. Projectual
of typical data sheet, available from National Training Center.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Before the course: Be sure that a supply of student data sheets is prepared.
See sample following this worksheet. Blank sample is in section on Secre-
tarial Preparations. Two copies of data sheet per student.
2. During the lesson:
a. Distribute the data sheets
b. Show a typical sample, with tagged information on sampling data.
c. Using projectual (blank) write in the needed information based on
sample tag information of a typical sample.
d. Give students the sample information on the sample they will test;
have them prepare two copies of data sheet.
e. Instructor and instructor-assistant must check each data sheet for
correction cf any noted errors.
20-15
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FECAL COLIFORM TEST
Membrane Filter (MF) Procedure
Sample Type Lab. No.
Station
Collection
Received
Description
Date Time APM. Temp.
APM. Examined APM.
pH Observations
mis
filtered
Colony Count
Remarks
Results:
20-17
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
JBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
«T OF INSTRUCTION: Filtration Procedures
ESSON NUMBER: 5 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 1.25 hours
USTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: These procedures are essential to performance of
the test. This lesson assumes that fecal coliform counts will be within, or
near to, the limits established for compliance with NPDES Permits.
NTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Basic laboratory skills; use of pi pet, graduated cylinder,
forceps.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will assemble the needed filtration equipment
and supplies at the laboratory bench, and will make a predetermined series
of sample volume filtrations through membrane filters, place them in
culture containers and incubate according to standardized methodology.
2. Conditions - Laboratory. All equipment and supplies will be available in
the laboratory; some will be at the student work positions and some will be
organized at side-table support areas. Filtration volumes specified by
instructor.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," pp 17-21. Slides as avail-
able from National Training Center. (At a later date a CCTV unit will be
available for demonstration of this procedure).
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Before the lesser:
a. Organize student supplies in laboratory. To extent convenient equipment
anc! supplies for each student can be organized at individual work posi-
tions. However, instructor should expect to keep at least seme of the
supply items at side of room where students can get them.
b. Collect a fresh sewage sample. Dispense 0.3 ml into a 2-liter volume
of sterile dilution water in a 4-liter container. Shake vigorously
and dispense into individual student sample bottles which are of a type
acceptable fcr standardized sampling. Student samples should be tagged
with information corresponding with that provided orally for Lesson 4
of this series. Sewage sample should be collected not more than four
hours before class time; dispensing to class sample bottles should be
at start of laboratory exercise.
2. During the lesson:
a. Demonstrate the step-by-step procedures for organizing lab equipment
and supplies at work position, preparation cf culture containers,
labeling of culture containers, sample filtration, and incubation
procedures.
20-19
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This demonstration can be done "live" but Is best done with visual
aids. Slides illustrating the procedures are available from the
National Training Center. CCTV will be available later.
b. Class goes to laboratory, performs sample filtration procedures as
described and shown in briefing session.
c. Instructor and instructor-assistant must remain in laboratory
throughout this lesson, correcting individual student errors,
evaluating performance, answering questions as they arise.
d. Instructor should maintain notes on class performance for entire day's
work, in preparation for student evaluation report for the following
morning and for course records.
20-20
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Colony Counting
LESSON NUMBER: 6 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 0.75 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: After filtration and incubation, it is essential
that fecal coliform colonies be differentiated from other colony types and
counted. It is also necessary that the analyst learn to select which of a
series of membrane filter preparations be selected for counting.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Completion of Lesson 5 of this series; use of binocular
dissecting microscope.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will remove cultures from incubator, position
them under binocular dissecting microscope, provide correct illumination,
and will differentiate and count fecal coliform colonies on the membrane
filter, entering report of colonies counted on the data sheet.
2. Conditions - Laboratory application following briefing and drill with slides
in the classroom.
3. Accepted Performance - Student should obtain at least one membrane filter
with fecal coliform colonies present in the range 20 to 60 colonies.
Ideally, all students will obtain the above results from the same sample
filtration volume.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliforir Test by Membrane Filter Method,"
p. 21. 2x2 slides available from National Training Center.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Classroom
a. Have class read the procedure
b. Show slides showing acceptable microscope-lighting setup
c. Show slides with typical, atypical, and non-fecal ccliform types;
drill class on recognition of various colony types.
c. To extent available show slides with evidence of common problems or
errors—overcrowding, inadequate culture medium, flooding of membrane
filter with medium, two or more colonies in contact, effect of fibers
on filter.
2. Laboratory
a. Class members court their own filtrations.
b. Instructor and instructor-assistant circulates among class constantly,
observing results, assisting in interpretations, assuring that micro-
scopes are being used correctly.
c. Collect one copy of data sheet from each student. Review for indications
of similarities or dissimilarities cf class results and for student
evaluation.
d. Return data sheet following day for use in lesson 9.
20-21
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Filtration Procedures
LESSON NUMBER: 7 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 0.75 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: When a series of fecal coliform tests yields results
higher than the required levels for compliance with the NPDES Permit, it becomes
necessary to adjust the filtration volumes in order to secure determinate
results.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Basic laboratory skills; completion of lessons 1 - 3 of this
series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will assemble the needed filtration equipment
and supplies at the laboratory bench, and will make a series of sample
filtrations through membrane filters, and place them in the incubator.
2. Conditions - Laboratory. All equipment and supplies to be available in
room, but not pre-positioned at student work positions. Students will use
the M-FC broth they prepared for Lesson 3 of this series. Students will
be given a sample which is assumed to have approximately 2000 fecal coliforms
per 100 ml, and must determine suitable sample volumes for their tests.
Students may obtain approval of instructor for sample volumes selected before
proceeding with filtrations.
3. Accepted Performance - Approval of instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method," pp 17-21.
Slides as available from National Training Center.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Before the lesson:
a. Organize student supplies in laboratory, not at individual work positions
in such a way that students can select needed material and organize it
effectively at work positions.
b. Not more than 4 hours prior to lesson, collect a fresh sewage sample.
Refrigerate until class time.
c. At class time, dispense 3.0 ml of the sewage into 2 liters of sterile
dilution water in a 4-liter bottle. Shake vigorously.
d. Dispense into individual student sample bottles, tagged with sample
data appropriate to an effluert sample.
20-23
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2. During the lesson:
a. Provide student briefing on prior sample data (approximately
2000 fecal coliform/100 ml);
b. Distribute sample data sheets to students for preparation of
laboratory records; (two per student)
c. Students proceed to laboratory, perform tests as required.
d. Distribute individual samples to each student-pair at start of
laboratory exercise.
e. Instructor and instructor-assistant must circulate through class,
correcting errors, demonstrating proper techniques where needed,
answering questions as they arise.
With increasing confidence in their work, students will start to ask
questions about collateral issues associated with fecal coliform
testing. To extent feasible with laboratory work at hand, instructors
should be responsive to any and all questions related to the fecal
coliform test requirements and procedures.
20-24
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Colony Counting
LESSON NUMBER: 8 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: 0.75 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: Essential to completion of Lesson 7 of this series
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Completion of Lesson 7 of this series
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will remove membrane filter cultures from
incubator, assemble microscope and lighting equipment, and will count fecal
coliform colonies obtained from filtrations in Lesson 7. Counts will be
recorded on laboratory record.
2. Conditions - Laboratory
3. Accepted Performance - Each student should obtain at least one membrane
filter with fecal coliform colonies present in the range of 20 - 60
colonies. Ideally, all students will obtain acceptable colony density in
essentially the same sample filtration volume. In the final analysis, the
instructor will have to decide whether the student has performed acceptably,
or if further laboratory practice is required.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
Available Media - EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method" p 21.
Students may review slides used in Lesson 6 if necessary.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. In classroom, have briefing on what is expected for the lesson.
2. Proceed to laboratory, have students work as independently as possible.
3. Instructor and instructor-assistant to remain in laboratory at all times,
answering questions, evaluating student performance.
4. After completion of colony counts, return to classroom for Lesson 9.
2C-25
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Fecal Coliform Count by Membrane Filter Method
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Determination of Fecal Coliforms per 100 ml
LESSON NUMBER: 9 of 9 ESTIMATED TIME: C:75 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS LESSON: Determination of fecal coliform count per IOC ml
requires application of a calculation based on sample filtration volumes and
numbers of fecal coliform colonies counted in Lessons 6 and 8.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Ability to solve problems in simple arithmetic; completion
of Lessons 6, 8 of this series.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Given the colony counts and sample filtration volumes
from Lessens 6 and 8 of this series, the student will select the appro-
priate membrane filter result(s) for reporting purposes and will calculate
fecal coliforms per 100 ml, recording the results in the designated place
on the data sheet.
2. Conditions - Classroom. Conference-workshop.
3. Accepted Performance - Correct calculations reported to 2 significant
figures.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
EMP "Fecal Coliform Test by Membrane Filter Method" pp 22, 23, 24.
Projectuals of summary report form, (two; one for Lesson 6, one for Lesson 8)
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
1. Have students read the instructional reference cited above.
2. Go over typical problems created by instructor.
3. Have students make their own calculations based on their data from
Lessons 6 and 8.
4. Have students report their calculations. Get all results for Lesson 6,
recording on the projectual while showing on screen. Use wax pencil or
water-soluble ink; this will permit use of the projectual repeatedly for
future offerings of the course.
5. Analyze and discuss similarities of data; seek to determine reasons for
any results which are markedly different from class norm.
6. Have students copy data summary for their own future use, possibly for
personal practice in calculation of geometric mean, taught in a separate
"EMP"
20-27
-------
Summary Record of Student Performance
Membrane Filter Test for Fecal Coliform
Name of Analyst
" Fecal
Coliforms
i«w 100 ml
20-29
-------
ST.EMP.2.4.74
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for tne
CALCULATION OF THE GEOMETRIC MEAN
OF COLI FORM COUNTS
by the
USE OF LOGARITHMS
as applied in
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Geometric Mean
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Summary of Instruction on Subject Matter
LESSON NUMBER: One lesson only
ESTIMATED TIME: Two hours for those who have not had logarithms. Thirty
minutes for those who know logarithms.
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner should know how to
calculate the geometric mean of several fecal coliform counts to satisfy permit
system reporting requirements for U.S. EPA Form 3320-1.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Ability to add a series of numbers and to divide the
sum by a positive number.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Trainee will know how to calculate the Geometric Mean
when using logarithms.
2. Conditions - Trainee will be provided with the EMP, the only equipment
needed since a set of logarithms (page 7-11 and 7-12) are included and all
necessary instructions.
3. Accepted Performance - Correct calculations of the Geometric Mean for the
three practice problems given on page 7-13 of the EMP. The correct school
solutions are given below for the instructors use.
GM (1,4) = antilog [Tog 1 + log 4
2
= antilog |0.0 + 0.60206
2
-1
= antilog J£.301p3]
= 2
GM (1, 10, 100) = antilog Flog 1 + log 10 + log 10o"|
L 3 J
= antilog R).Q + 1.0 + 2.ol
L 3 J
» antilog
= 10
21-3
-------
GM (10, 10, 10) = antilog [Tog 10 + log 10 + log lol
= antilog [T.O + 1.0 + l.ol
L ^ J
= antilog JT.OJ
= 10
Additional problems that can be assigned by the instructor are:
GM (1, 100} = 10
GM (1, 9) = 3
GM (188, 200) = 194
GM (20, 484) = 98
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available media - EMP "Calculation of the Geometric Mean of Coliform
Counts by the Use of Logarithms" followed by step by step procedure
through the EMP by the instructor.
2. Showing of A/V unit (in preparation) of the same title. Followed by
step by step procedure through the EMP by the instructor at a faster
pace than 1 above or via self-instruction.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
1. Discussion of the need for mastering the procedure
2. Showing of A/V unit or
3. Proceed through all steps in the EMP making sure that the example on page
7-13 is understood.
4. Have the students independently solve the practice problems on page 7-13.
5. Alternative. Instructor can work in class practice problem GM (1,4)= 2.
Then give one of the additional problems without the answer. Student
should get the right answer.
D. SPECIAL INSTRUCTION
1. Sometimes the calculation of the MPN leads to an inequality. For example,
°oe^esu!t C0u1d be the fecal co1 iform count is less than 2.0 (written as
<2.0). Another result could be the fecal coliform count is greater than
or equal to 2400 (written as >2400). The recommended solution is shown
by two self explanatory examples.
21-4
-------
GM (<2, 18) = less than 6 (<6)
since GM (2, 18) = 6
GM (>2400, 600) = greater than or equal to 1200 (>1200)
since GM (2400, 600) = 1200
If any fecal coliform count is zero then the above procedure does not apply
since statement 2 on page 7-4 states, "each count is greater than or equal
to one". One way of handling this problem is to arbitrarily assign the value
of 1 for each zero fecal coliform count and then follow the usual program of
action outlined above. As an example: GM (0, 0, 0, 16) = G (1, 1, 1, 16) = 2
21-5
-------
Part II. Instructional Package Worksheets
D. Sewage Solids
1. Total suspended solids (nonfilterable) are
covered in this instruction. The methods cited
in the FR issuance in Outline No. 1 of this
manual are:
a. Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater (13th ed), p. 537;
and
b. EPA "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water
and Wastes" p. 278 (1971)
2. Two variants are covered for this procedure,
and are described separately in student texts.
AT.EMP.13a.6.75
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED
(NON-FILTERABLE) SOLIDS, mg/liter
as applied In
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CH.SOL.SUS.EMP.2a.6.75 22-1
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Summary of 6 Elements - CH.SOL.SUS.EMP
ESTIMATED TIME: 255 minutes excluding 210 minutes for dry-cool periods
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner will be responsible
for determining total suspended (non-filterable) solids as mg/liter.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Learner must know how to weigh to 4 decimal places on an
analytical balance, how to measure liquids with a pi pet and a graduated
cylinder, how to work subtraction problems involving decimals and how to
multiply and divide factors in a fraction.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
1. Terminal Behavior: The learner will assemble the required equipment
(including 1 Gooch crucible and 1 membrane filter assembly), prepare
glass fiber filters, determine and report completely dried, total sus-
pended solids to the nearest mg/liter for an influent and an effluent
sample and keep complete records of the sample and test data according
to the EMP.
2. Conditions - being provided with classroom instruction, the required
equipment, two samples, a copy of CH.SOL.SUS.EMP, two copies of data
sheets as on page 14-32 and total working time of 150 minutes.
3. Accepted Performance - His techniques must be satisfactory according to
an Instructor's rating and his answers must be the same as an Instructor's
answers calculated from the same data.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - EPA "Methods for Chemical Analysis of .Water and Wastes,"
EMP "Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter," equipment supplies,
Seven Overhead Projecturals (re Federal Standards, filtration assembly with
divisions of solids, definition of non-filterable solids, procedures listed
on EMP page 14-5, the data sheet on EMP page 14-32, assignment of volumes
to be filtered, calculation formula), a 15 minute CCTV cassette, "Preparing
the Filter Disc," a 13 minute CCTV cassette, "Procedure," copies of the
data sheet on EMP page 14-32, and example discs which would be rejected due
to irregularities showing up during disc preparation.
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH:
The method presented in the Effluent Monitoring Procedure (EMP) is according to
the EPA Methods Manual. Two types of filtration assemblies are given in that
reference - the membrane filter holder with funnel and the Gooch crucible with
adapter.
22-3
-------
Accordingly, the EMP procedure is written with information about using both
these assemblies and this Instructional Package Worksheet (IPW) contains plans
for instructing students in techniques for using both.
There is a second reason for presenting the two filtration assemblies to the
student. Current legislation regarding secondary treatment not only specifies
a limit for suspended solids concentration in effluents (mean up to 30 mg/1
for a 30 day collection period, mean up to 45 mg/1 for a 7 day collection
period) but it also specifies an 85 percent removal of solids to be calculated
by comparing the means of influent and effluent samples from a 30 day collection
period. Accordingly, the IPW presents plans for instruction where the student
does two suspended solids determinations - one on an influent sample
and one on an effluent sample. The results are used later in
the Course for instruction on reporting data. To facilitate filtering sample
volumes approaching 100 ml, the membrane filter assembly with a larger glass
fiber disc is used for the influent sample and the smaller Gooch crucible is
used for the effluent sample.
In the student's EMP, the step sequence for the suspended solids procedure is
given in the second column. When additional information is required in the
third column because of slight stepwise differences in handling the two types
of filter holders, notes on the Gooch crucible are given first and then the
notes on the membrane filter assembly. The third column also contains additional
information on procedural steps which apply regardless of the type of filter
holder used. The Instructor should explain this order in the third column of the
EMP to the students. When the student is using the membrane filter assembly, he
should disregard notes beginning with, "If a Gooch crucible is being used "
and he should use al]_ other notes in the third column. When the student is using
a Gooch crucible assembly, he should disregard notes beginning with, "If a
membrane filter holder is being used " and he should use all other notes in the
third column.
On the CCTV Tapes, the techniques are demonstrated all the way through using a
membrane filter holder, then all the way through using a Gooch crucible assembly.
Even if the Instructor chooses to present only one of the assemblies, it is
strongly recommended that the CCTV Tapes be used. Since the tasks are the same
regardless of the type of filter support used, the student would see the series
of tasks twice. He would see that more than one filter assembly can be used.
He would also better recognize which notes in the third column of his EMP apply
to the filter assembly he is using. The Instructor should explain all this when
introducing the tape segments and should tell the student if he will be using
just one of the assemblies.
The calculation section of the EMP deals with calculating the mg/liter of sus-
pended solids found in each sample analyzed by the student. The calculation
using these mg/liter results for an influent and an effluent sample to deter-
mine percent removal is presented on the fifth day of the Course, using the EMP
on "Reporting of Self-Monitoring Data".
1. Preparation for Instruction:(to be done before fourth day of Course)
a. Make an alphabetical list of crucibles to be used along with their
weights to nearest 0.1 gram and post by balances.
b. Have desiccant in usable condition.
22-4
-------
c. Prepare (rinse-dry-cool) enough discs to fit membrane filter
assemblies and enough Gooch crucibles with discs to supply
class. Keep discs that should be rejected to show to class.
d. Obtain influent and effluent samples for class. Determine sample
volume to assign for each so dried residue weighs more than 0.0025
grams. Label the samples, including information required on the
data sheet (p. 14-32).
e. Use list of equipment on pp. 14-6 and 14-7 to supply laboratory
stations for each student.
f. Duplicate two copies for each student of data sheet, EMP p. 14-32.
2. Sequencing:
a. On fourth day of Course:
1) Lesson one - 65 minutes
2) Break
3) Lesson two - 85 minutes
4) Lunch and/or some other activity during 80 minute (minimum)
dry-cool period.
5) Lesson three - 30 minutes
6) Some other activity during 35 minutes (minimum) of a 50 minute
dry-cool period.
7) Lesson four - 45 minutes
8) Lesson five - 15 minutes
b. On fifth day of Course:
1) Students turn in two completed data sheets (EMP p. 14-32) at
beginning of class day. Check entries and accuracy of calcu-
lations. NOTE: The difference on line 10 or 12 must be less
than 0.0005g and the difference on line 15 must be greater
than 0.0025g. Make any corrections on both sheets—one to be
returned to the student and one to be retained for Instructor's
evaluation of student and for discussion in lesson six.
2) Lesson six - 15 minutes
22-5
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Preparing the Filter Disc (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP. Procedure A)
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 6
ESTIMATED TIME: 65 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: To determine suspended solids
in a sample, the learner must wash and dry the glass fiber disc before using
them.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: None
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
1. Terminal Behavior - Learner will wash a membrane filter size disc and a
disc in a Gooch crucible according to steps 1 through 17 listed in EMP-A,
as stated and/or described in the Information column,
2. Conditions - using both membrane filter holder and Gooch crucible
assemblies, given the equipment, the EMP, no assistance and 30 minutes.
3. Accepted Performance - He must accomplish terminal behavior to the satis-
faction of an Instructor rating. (Particularly note correct placement
of discs on holders, tightening the MF funnel to holder, graduality of
applying vacuum to seat the disc, careful technique in transferring the
MF filter to a support, and using tissue to wipe off and handle Gooch
crucible.)
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
1. Available Media - Copies of EMP, four Overheads (re Federal Standards,
filtration assembly with divisions of solids, definition of non-filterable
solids, and procedures listed on EMP p. 14-5), a 15 minute CCTV cassette,
"Preparing the Filter Disc", and example discs which should be rejected
due to irregularities which show up in this procedure.
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
1. Presentation (35 min.)
a. Lecture - Introduction
-Overheads - Standards, Assembly and Terms, Definition
-EMP p. 14-4:0verview, Stress weighing-filtration-drying-weighing
sequence. Note source of method.
-Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of test
-Tell students to use p. 14-5 as a "flow sheet" in laboratory.
22-7
-------
b. Assignment - Read from above: A. Instructional Objective,
1. Terminal Behavior.
c. Assignment - Have students read Procedure A.
d. Introduce and run CCTV cassette, "Preparing the Filter Disc."
e. Demonstration - Show examples of discs which should be rejected.
f. Question Period on material presented.
2. Student Performance and Evaluation (30 min.)
As stated in Instructional Objective above, by Instructor rating
3.. NOTE: Students stop after A. Step 17 "Put disc (on support) into an
oven." To avoid a time lag for drying and cooling, Instructor should
prepare discs ahead of time for student use in the next lesson on the
Procedure.
22-8
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Initial Weighing, Filtration, First Drying
(CH.SOL.SUS.EMP, Procedures B, C, D, E, F, G, and J)
LESSON NUMBER: 2 of 6
ESTIMATED TIME: 85 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner will be responsible
for determining suspended solids.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Learner must know how to weigh to 4 decimal places on an
analytical balance, and how to measure liquids with a pi pet and a graduated
cylinder.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
1. Terminal Behavior - Learner will weigh a membrane filter size disc and
use it to filter an influent sample and will weigh a Gooch crucible
with disc and use it to filter an effluent sample, using appropriate
assemblies and keeping records according to the steps in EMP Procedures
B through G.3e. as stated or described in the Information column.
2. Conditions - Learner will be given the equipment, two samples, the EMP,
two copies of a data sheet, no assistance and 55 minutes.
3. Accepted Performance - He must accomplish terminal behavior to the
satisfaction of an Instructor rating. (Particularly note correct
record-keeping on the lab data sheet, careful techniques when transferring
filter discs, correct weighing techniques, correct measuring of the volume
of sample to filter, thorough rinsing of sample from graduated cylinder
and walls of filter, correct handling of the Gooch crucible, and use of
EMP clean-up directions.)
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
1. Available Media - Copies of EMP, three Overheads (re procedures listed
on EMP p. 14-5 used in lesson one, the data sheet on EMP p. 14-32, and
volumes of samples), a 13 minute CCTV cassette, "Procedure" and two copies
for each student of EMP p. 14-32, a "Typical Laboratory Data Sheet."
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
1. Presentation - (30 min.)
a. Lecture - Introduction
-Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of test
-Tell students to use p. 14-5 as a "flow sheet" in laboratory. They
will use filter discs washed, dried, and cooled before Course.
22-9
-------
b. Assignment - Read from above: A. Instructional Objective,
1. Terminal Behavior.
c. Assignment - Have students read Procedures B through G.
d. NOTE: In lab, stop after G.S.e. which includes J. Cleaning the
Equipment, Step 1.
e. Distribution - Give each student two copies of the data sheet which
are to be filled in and given to Instructor at end of EMP work. One
will be returned to the student after Instructor checks it.
Overhead - Note the organization (sample information - analytical
results - calculations) and references to EMP Procedures.
f. Assignment - Overhead - Assign approximate volume of influent sample
to be filtered through a membrane filter assembly using Procedures B
through G.3a. Then assign approximate volume of effluent sample to
be filtered through a Gooch crucible assembly using Procedures B
through G.3e. Have students write volumes and assembly to be used at
top of their data sheet. Explain that some reports require calculation
of per cent removal of suspended solids. In this case, both influent
and effluent samples must be tested so they will test both types in
this Course.
g. Introduce and run CCTV cassette, "Procedure."
h. Question Period on material presented
2. Student Performance and Evaluation (55 min.) as stated in Instructional
Objective above, by Instructor rating.
3. NOTE: Students stop after G step 3 "Put disc (on support) into an oven."
To avoid a time lag for drying and cooling, some other student activity
should be planned for the next 80 minutes (minimum). Instructor/students
should remove crucibles and discs from oven after 60 minutes and put
them in desiccators for the 20 minute cooling period.
22-10
-------
Typical Laboratory Data Sheet
for
TOTAL SUSPENDED (NON-FILTERABLE) SOLIDS, mg/liter
Name of Plant
HAND-OUT for LESSON 2
(2 copies to each student)
STEP
B.2
B.2
B.2
B.2
C.4
E.I
E.8
H c
1. 10
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.14
C.7
K.3
K.5
K.7
K.9
1.15
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Identification
Type (grab, etc.)
Date & Time Collected
Sample Collector
Filter Identification
Date & Time Analysis began
ml Sample Filtered
1st weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
2nd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (1st -2nd)
3rd weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Difference (2nd-3rd)
Final weight of Filter*
plus Residue (g)
Weight of Filter* (g)
Find Difference (g) by subtracting
Line 14 from Line 13
Divide to 7 decimal places:
(line 15) difference (g)
(line 7) ml sample filtered
Multiply Line 16 by 1000 000
(move decimal point 6 places Rt.)
Round answer on Line 17
to nearest whole number
Analyst
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
INS #1
GRAB
5/1/74 0900
Tom Sampler
WG2
5/1/74 1100
67.0
0.1426
0.1416
0.0010
0.1413
0.0003
0.1413
0.1293
0.0120
0.0001791
179.1
179 mg/1
Mary Analyst
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
" means the filter disc if a funnel type
,1bles are used "filter" mear\s the crucible
filtration assembly is used.
containing a filter disc.
If Gooch
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, ing/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Weighing the Filter Disc and Residue
(CH.SOL.SUS.EMP. Procedure H)
LESSON NUMBER: 3 of 6
ESTIMATED TIME: 30 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: This is part of the laboratory
procedure to determine total suspended (non-filterable) solids, mg/liter.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Learner must know how to weigh to 4 decimal places on an
analytical balance.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
1. Terminal Behavior- Learner will weigh the MF disc plus residue and the
Gooch crucible with disc plus residue from lesson 2 and record the
weights to 4 decimal places according to the steps in EMP Procedure H
as stated or described in the Information column.
2. Conditions - Learner will be given the equipment, the EMP, no assistance
and 25 minutes.
3. Accepted Performance - Learner will perform Procedure H to the satisfac-
tion of an Instructor rating. (Particularly note correct techniques for
handling the Gooch crucible and the filter disc. Check reading on
balance for complete accuracy.)
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
1. Available Media - Copies of EMP, Overhead of Procedures listed on EMP
p. 14-5 used in lessons 1 and 2.
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
1. Presentation - Briefing (5 min.)
a. Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of test
Tell students to use p. 14-5 as a "flow sheet" in laboratory.
b. Assignment - Read from above: A. Instructional Objective,
1. Terminal Behavior.
c. Assignment - Have students read Procedure H.
d. Briefing - This is same weighing procedure they did in C. They will
have to check for complete drying so when finished with Procedure H,
put discs plus residue (on supports) into an oven (I.I.).
2. Student Performance and Evaluation (25 min.) As stated in Instructional
Objective above, by Instructor rating.
22-11
-------
3. NOTE: Students stop after I.I. "Put disc plus residue (on support) into
an oven." To avoid a time lag for drying and cooling, some other student
activity should be planned for the next 35 minutes (minimum) of the 50
minutes required. Instructor/students should remove crucibles and discs
from oven after 30 minutes and put them into desiccators for the 20
minute cooling period.
22-12
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Check for Complete Drying (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP. Procedure I)
LESSON NUMBER: 4 of 6
ESTIMATED TIME: 45 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: This is part of the laboratory
procedure to determine total suspended (non-filterable) solids, mg/liter.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Learner must know how to weigh to 4 decimal places on an
analytical balance and also be able to work subtraction problems involving
decimals.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
1. Terminal Behavior - Learner will re-weigh the discs plus residues and
compare results with first weights. He will take appropriate action
based on these results, all as presented as steps in EMP Procedure I as
stated and/or described in the Information column.
2. Conditions - Learner will be given the equipment, the EMP, no assistance
and 30 minutes.
3. Accepted Performance - Learner will correctly apply the criteria stated
in 1.14., judged by the Instructor when the data sheet is given to him.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
1. Available Media - Copies of EMP, Overhead of Procedures listed on EMP
p_. 14-5 (used in lessons 1, 2, 3) and overhead of data sheet on
EMP p. 14-32.
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
1. Presentation - Briefing and Lecture (15 min.)
a. Overhead - EMP p. 14-5, Procedures of test
b. Assignment - Read from above: A. Instructional Objective,
1. Terminal Behavior.
c. Assignment - Have students read Procedure I.
d. Briefing - Steps 5 through 12 are the weighing procedure they did in
C and H.
e. Overhead-Use example on "Typical Laboratory Data Sheet" to illustrate
Steps 13-15.
22-13
-------
2. Student Performance and Evaluation (30 minutes) as stated in Instruc-
tional Objective above, by Instructor rating.
3. NOTE: If a student's weight difference does not meet the criteria in
Step 14, he should repeat Procedure I. He can put the disc into the
oven and return to class. He/someone else can remove the disc after
30 minutes to a desiccator and, after disc cools, he can weigh it during
free time. Completed data sheets are due at beginning of the next class
day.
22-14
-------
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Calculations and Reporting Data (CH.SOL.SUS.EMP,
Procedures K and L)
LESSON NUMBER: 5 of 6
ESTIMATED TIME: 15 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner will be responsible
for calculating results of the test and reporting this data.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Learner must know how to multiply and divide factors in a
fraction.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will select data from the test, calculate
mg/liter suspended matter and report his results rounded to the nearest
mg/liter as presented in EMP Procedures K and L.
2. Conditions - on the provided laboratory data sheet, given the EMP which
presents an example of the stepwise calculation and the rules for
rounding off results, with no assistance and unlimited time. (Homework)
3. Accepted Performance - Learner must turn in completed data sheet with
the same answer (to the nearest mg/liter) as the Instructor calculates
from the same data.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
1. Available Media - Copies of EMP, Overhead of Procedures listed on EMP
p. 14-5 (used in lessons 1-4).
Overhead of calculation formula.
Overhead of Typical Laboratory Data Sheet on EMP p. 14-32.
2. Suggested Media - None
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
1. Presentation - Lecture (15 min.)
a. Overhead - EMP p. 14-5 Procedures of Test
This session will consider Procedures K and L.
Overhead - Calculation Formula for overview.
b. Lecture - Use EMP Procedures K and L, and the overhead of the
Typical Laboratory Data Sheet to go through the stepwise examples
of the calculation and rounding off procedures.
c. Assignment - Using the data sheet and Procedure K, students are to
calculate the mg/liter suspended solids in the influent and in the
effluent samples tested. Then, as 1n Procedure L, they are to round
22-15
-------
off the answers to the nearest mg/liter. Two completed data sheets
are due to the Instructor next morning. Student will receive one
corrected copy later in the day.
2. Student Performance (Homework - about 10 minutes.) as stated in "Terminal
Behavior" and "Conditions" above.
3. Student Evaluation: As stated in "Accepted Performance" above.
22-16
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INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Total Suspended (Non-Filterable) Solids, mg/liter
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Follow-up and Summary of Subject Matter
LESSON NUMBER: 6 of 6
ESTIMATED TIME: 15 minutes
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Learner should have an oppor-
tunity to ask any questions about the procedure and also should receive
some final comments on sample volumes and drying times.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Learner will have performed entire procedure in CH.SOL.
SUS.EMP.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE:
1. Terminal Behavior - Learner will have any unresolved questions about the
procedure answered and will particularly consider criteria for choosing
sample volumes and drying times.
2. Conditions - EMP and corrected data sheet will be available.
3. Accepted Performance - by active participation in the 15 minute wrap-up
session as judged by the Instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES:
1. Available Media - EMP, corrected data sheets.
2. Suggested Media - None.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing):
1. Presentation: Lecture - Discussion (15 min.)
a. Return corrected data sheets, retaining one set of copies for self.
b. Discuss results if appropriate. Answer questions.
c. Note EMP Training Guide VII, E.2b. (Criteria for choosing volumes of
sample to be filtered). Answer questions.
d. Note EMP Training Guide VII, G.3b. (Time required for complete drying),
Answer questions.
e. Answer any remaining questions.
2. Student Evaluation - Satisfactory participation in the session as judged
by Instructor.
22-17
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II. Instructional Package Worksheets
E. Residual Chlorine
1. Accepted methods cited in the FR Issuance in
Outline No. 1 of this manual are:
a. lodometric method, as presented in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater (13th ed), p. 382, or
b. Amperometric method, as presented in ASTM
Standards, 1973 edition, p. 289.
2. The reference to the 1972 issuance of ASTM
should be revised to refer to the 1973 issuance
of ASTM, p. 289, which provides a modification
of the basic method to give acceptable results
with wastewater treatment plant effluents.
3. The procedure taught in this course is for the
1973 amperometric titration method. If the
iodometric method is used, it is necessary that
the instructor develop a special instructional
unit for student use.
4. In the time available for this course, it is
strongly urged that no effort be made to teach
both methods.
AT.BMP.14.10.74
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
AMPEROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF FREE AND COMBINED
RESIDUAL CHLORINE IN WASTEWATER
as applied in
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CH.A.CL.EMP.2.10.74 23-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Chlorine Testing
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Amperometric titration of free and combined residual chlorine
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME: 1-1/2 hours
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The learner should know how to
perform an amperometric titration for the determination of free and combined
residual chlorine in treatment plant effluents to satisfy permit system
analytical requirements.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR:
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - The learner will determine the free and combined residual
chlorine concentration in a treatment plant effluent sample.
2. Conditions - The learner will have the use of the attached CH.A.CL.EMP.3.27.74
and all chemicals and equipment listed in it.
3. Accepted Performance - Acceptable technique in performing the test will be
determined by the instructor.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - XT-37 Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand.
2. Suggested Media -
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
1. Discussion of the importance of the chlorine determination oy tne instructor.
2. Showing of A/V unit XT-37 Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand.
3. Performance of an amperometric titration for the determination of free and
combined residual chlorine in a typical sample in the laboratory using the
attached EMP.
4. Critique of the laboratory exercise by the instructor.
23-3
-------
Part II. Instructional Package Worksheets
F. Flow Measurement
1. Self-monitoring for permit compliance requires
measurement of waste flows. There is no
"officially approved" procedure for the measure-
ment of flow.
2. Automatic flow recording devices cannot be
depended upon to provide reliable data unless
they are calibrated periodically, using other
methods to determine a flow rate.
3. This course covers two widely used methods for
measuring flows; these determinations can be
used directly for self-monitoring reports, or
they can be used for calibration of automatic
instrumentation. The methods covered here are:
a. Flow measurement using a Parshall flume; and
b. Flow measurement using a sharp-crested weir.
4. Individuals requiring instruction in greater
depth on flow measurement and flow-recording
instrument calibration should attend another
course of this series, "Effluent Monitoring
Procedures: Flow Measurement and Sampling
Techniques." This course is now under develop-
ment arid should be available in the near future.
AT.BMP.15.10.74
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
MEASUREMENT OF FLOW IN AN OPEN CHANNEL BY
PARSHALL FLUME
as applied in
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EN.FM.BMP.3.9.74 24_1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Measurement of Flow 1n an Open Channel by Parshall Flume
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Basic Elements
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 3
ESTIMATED TIME: 3/4 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: The student must be familiar
with the structure of the flume, Its operating principles, and factors
Influencing Us performance.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Student should be familiar with basic units of volume
and length.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to Identify the parts of a
Parshall Flume, explain the principle by which flow can be measured
using the flume, and Identify factors that can Influence the meas-
urement obtained.
2. Conditions.-classroom.
3. Accepted Performance - Satisfactory Identifications and explanations
as indicated under A-l above.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - EMP.8 x 10 projectuals, slides, model of 1 - inch
Parshall Flume, pre-post quiz on principles of Parshall Flume.
2. Suggested Media - Video tape or film clip Illustrating changes in
flow pattern through flume when going from free-flow to submerged
flow conditions.Operating model of channel with flume.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
Classroom - Pre-quiz
Lecture covering following points
1. Review units of flow
2. Structure of flume
3. Operating principles
4. Factors Influencing performance
Post quiz
Discussion of quiz
24-3
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Measurement of Flow in an Open Channel by Parshall Flume
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Determining Flow: Free-flow conditions
LESSON NUMBER: 2 of 3
ESTIMATED TIME: 1 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: This is the usual flow
condition under which a flume should operate
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Student must have successfully completed lesson 1.
Must be able to add, subtact and multiply using whole numbers, fractions,
and decimals.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to calculate head and use
appropriate tables to determine flow through flume - using either
a staff gage or a float gage.
2. Conditions - Classroom.
3. Accepted Performance - Must be able to read water level elevation
using a staff gage or a float gage. Must sec
on calculating flow under various conditions.
using a staff gage or a float gage. Must score at least 80% on quiz
1C
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - EMP
2. Suggested Media - Staff gage section, float gage, quiz material,
operating model of channel with flume
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
Lecture, including demonstration of staff gage section and float
gage, illustration of head calculations and use of flume discharge
tables
Quiz
Review of Quiz
24-5
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Measurement of Flow in an Open Channel by Parshall Flume
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Determining Flow: Submerged-flow conditions
LESSON NUMBER: 3 of 3
ESTIMATED TIME: 3/4 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Submerged-flow conditions
may sometimes occur in unusual circumstances.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Student must have successfully completed lessons
1 and 2
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to determine flow through
a flume when submerged-flow conditions exist.
2. Conditions - Classroom.
3. Accepted Performance - Must be able to calculate appropriate heads
and use tabular materials and graphs. Must score at least 80% on
quiz.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - EMP
2. Suggested Media - Quiz material. Operating model of channel with
flume.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
Lecture, including illustration of head calculations and use of
graphical material to correct free-flow discharge to discharge
under submerged-flow conditions
Quiz
Review of Quiz
24-7
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
MEASUREMENT OF FLOW IN AN OPEN CHANNEL BY
SHARP-CRESTED WEIR
as applied in
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EN.F.M. BMP.4.9.74 25-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Measurement of Flow In an Open Channel by Sharp-Crested Weir
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Basic Elements
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 2
ESTIMATED TIME: 3/4 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Student must be familiar
with structure of weirs, operating principles, and factors influencing
performance.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Student should be familiar with basic units of
volume and length.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to identify types of
standard weirs and physical conditions which can affect weir
performance.
2- Conditions - Classroom.
3. Accepted Performance - Satisfactory identifications as indicated
in A-l above.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - EMP, 8 x 10 Projectuals
2. Suggested Media - Operating model of channel with changeable weirs.
Weir plates. Pre- and -post quiz material.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
Pre-quiz
Lecture with demonstration of flow over weirs under various
conditions using model channel
Post-quiz
Discussion of quiz
25-3
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Measurement of Flow in an Open Channel by Sharp-Crested Weir
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Measurement of Head and Determination of Flow
LESSON NUMBER: 2 of 2
ESTIMATED TIME: 3/4 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: To calculate flows from
observations made at a weir installation.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Student must have successfully completed Lesson 1,
and be able to add, subtract and multiply using whole numbers, fractions,
and decimals.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to calculate head on a
weir and use appropriate weir tables to determine flow
2. Conditions - Classroom.
3. Accepted Performance - Calculation of flow under stipulated conditions
with a score of at least 90%.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - EMP
2. Suggested Media - Operating model of channel with changeable weirs.
Quiz material
C. INSTRUCTION APPROACH (Sequencing)
Lecture
Quiz
Discuss Quiz
2R 5
-------
Part II. Instructional Package Worksheets
G. Sampling
1. The sampling program for each municipal waste-
water treatment plant will be defined in the
Permit issued to that facility.
2. Sampling points will be located with approval
of the Permitting authority.
3. The instruction provided here is limited to
general considerations in sampling programs.
4. Individuals requiring instruction in greater
depth on sampling programs and procedures
should attend another course of this series,
"Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Flow Measure-
ment and Sampling Techniques." This course is
now under development and should be available
in the near future.
AT.BMP.16.10.74
-------
Part II. Instructional Package Worksheets
H. Report to Regulatory Authority
1. Reporting procedures are stipulated in each
Permit, and are based on FR issuances and
guidelines from the regulatory authority.
2. The instruction provided here is intended to
enable the student to:
a. Make the necessary calculations and organize
the data for each parameter for reporting
purposes; and
b. Enter the data in the standard EPA form used
for reporting self-monitoring data covered
in this course.
AT.BMP.17.10.74
-------
A PROTOTYPE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
for the
REPORTING OF SELF-MONITORING DATA
as applied in
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
and in the
MONITORING OF EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
Developed by the
National Training Center
Municipal Permits and Operations Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WP.CH.EMP.(164.1)1.9.74 27-1
-------
GUIDELINES FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE WORKSHEET
SUBJECT MATTER: Reporting of Self-Monitoring Data
UNIT OF INSTRUCTION: Entry of Data on NPDES Discharge Monitoring Report
LESSON NUMBER: 1 of 1
ESTIMATED TIME: 3/4 hour
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: Reporting of Effluent Data
at stipulated periods is a condition of a discharge permit.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIOR: Student must be able to add, subtract, multiply, and
divide using whole and decimal numbers.
A. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE
1. Terminal Behavior - Student will be able to report self-monitoring
data in the proscribed manner.
2. Conditions - Classroom
3. Accepted Performance - Satisfactory completion of a Discharge
Monitoring Report, given a sample set of data.
B. INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
1. Available Media - Discharge Monitoring Report Form EPA 3320-1(10-72),
with overlay. Monthly Operating Report, Municipal Treatment Plant.
EMPs on Geometric Mean and Flow Measurement.
2. Suggested Media - Set of self-monitoring data for student use in
completing Report Form.
C. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH (Sequencing)
Review format of Report Form and data to be entered.
Using typical self-monitoring results, go through the manner in
which the data is to be handled and entered on the form.
Have students complete a blank form, using a set of data supplied
for this purpose. Upon completion, review procedure with students.
GOVERNMENT FRUITING OFFICE 1975-657-59<>/5'i08 Region No. 5-11
27-3
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