MANAGEMENT
PLAN
status report 19*70
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THE APPENDIX TO THIS
PUBLICATION IS AVAILABLE FROM
THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION
SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22151
AS PUBLICATION PB 201-205. PRICE $3.00
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KENTUCKY
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Status Report 1970
This report (SW-6tsg) Das prepared
by the Kentucky State Department of Health for
the Federal solid waste management program
under State Planning Grant G05-EC-00005
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1971
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An environmental protection publication in
the solid waste management series (SW-6tsg).
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.50
Stock Number 5502-0024
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FOREWORD
TO ENCOURAGE SYSTEMATIC PLANNING for better management of the Nation's
solid wastes, Congress in the 1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act provided
grant monies for the States for solid waste planning. By June 1966,
fourteen States had met the stipulations of the Act and had embarked
upon the planning process with the help of the Federal funds, Today,
almost every State has applied for and received a solid waste planning
2
grant. From each of the grants the Federal government expects two
practical results: first, a plan (and report) for the State's manage-
ment of its solid wastes; second, development of an agency for the
3
managing function.
The present document describes the past practices and the
environmental basis for the Kentucky solid waste management plan,
developed by the State under a Federal solid waste management planning
grant that went into effect June 1, 1966. The data reported on in the
first part of the book provide the base for the courses of action recom-
mended at the end of the volume. But, the planning process is dynamic;
future revision will be an important part of the process to take account
The Solid Waste Disposal Act; Title II of Public Law 89-272, 89th
Congress, S.306, October 20, 1965. Washington, U.S. Government Printing
Office, 1966. 5 p.
2
Toftner, R. 0., D. D. Swavely, W. T. Dehn, and B. L. Sweeney, comps.
State solid waste planning grants, agencies, and progress—1970; report of
activities through June 30, 1970. Public Health Service Publication No. 2109.
Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971. 26 p.
Toftner, R. 0. Developing a state solid waste management plan.
Public Health Service Publication No. 2031. Washington, U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1970. 50 p.
iii
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of changing conditions and better data. Moreover, a plan is not
an end in itself. Its formulation is the key to action: to legis-
lation, standards, technical assistance, public relations, and en-
forcement.
Besides providing the State solid waste management agency with
a guide for action, the State plan will help to guide local and re-
gional solid waste planning and subsequent implementation. The plan
can also provide support for improved State legislation related to
solid waste management.
Kentucky's plan is designed, therefore, to: (1) begin the
planning process; (2) establish policies and procedures to guide
the State solid waste agency, the Division of Environmental Health;
(3) guide regional planning; (4) provide a documented base for im-
proved solid waste legislation and operating regulations. With these
objectives in mind, this plan report presents and analyzes pertinent
solid waste data, identifies problems indicated by the data, sets
objectives that if achieved would solve identified problems, and
finally, proposes immediate, intermediate, and long-range measures
for achieving objectives. This plan should thus provide the Kentucky
solid waste agency with an invaluable management tool with which to
begin solving the State's solid waste management problems.
—RICHARD D. VAUGHAN
Assistant Surgeon General
iv
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SUMMARY
This Program represents Kentucky's first efforts to develop the coordination and
cooperation needed to solve the complex and rapidly expanding problems related to the
safe handling and disposal of solid waste. Solid waste is a term given to any unwanted
solid material. The average person still uses the term "garbage" to refer to his household
waste, but in today's world garbage is a very small part of the waste generated in the
average home. Moreover, household waste is a relatively small part of a community's
total solid waste problem. Local institutions, commercial establishments, local indus-
tries and the government itself all produce waste of many different types. Outside of
communities, agriculture and mining activities must be added to the list of waste pro-
ducers and the problems of solid waste management. Much of this solid waste must be
handled and disposed of by different techniques if the public health and the natural
environment are to be protected.
The development of safe and efficient means for handling and disposing of waste
requires a high level of technical competence. All those who work with solid waste and
those who make decisions regarding the collection and disposal of this waste must under-
stand the technical complexities and environmental relationships associated with sound
solid waste management practices. The development of this competence will be a major
task of those participating in Kentucky's Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Pro-
gram.
Problems related to the handling and disposing of solid waste cannot be separated
easily from air pollution and water pollution problems. The manner in which Kentucky's
air, land and water are managed are determining the quality of health enjoyed by the
Commonwealth's people. Many ecologists have already issued strong warnings that the
attitudes of past generations and their methods for dealing with environmental problems
cannot be tolerated if human life on this planet is to survive. While their fears may be
overemphasized, only as individuals develop a technical understanding of the interrela-
tionships between the rapidly developing environmental hazards, which affect both
human life and those things upon which life depends, can realistic decisions be made
to protect Kentuckians and their living environment.
The safe disposal of solid waste, both as an environmental problem and as an
economic problem, extends beyond the political jurisdictions of communities and counties.
The manner in which waste is disposed of in one community affects the lives of people
in the adjacent county and other nearby counties. The improper disposal of solid waste
can very rapidly result in the spread of disease organisms or toxic agents through the air
or water or via the various forms of animal life which frequent disposal sites.
Section II of this document, The Kentucky Environment, and Section HI, Solid
Waste Management Practices in Kentucky, briefly summarize the physical, social and
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economic conditions and solid waste management practices in the Commonwealth. Sec-
tion V, Problems and Needs, outlines the major problem areas and recommended courses
of action essential to improved solid waste management practices and their effective regula-
tion. Together, these three sections present an overview of the problems related to solid
waste management in Kentucky.
The Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program will require the coordinated
efforts of numerous state agencies, local governments and private individuals. Effective
solutions to the numerous problems related to solid waste can be developed only when
all efforts are coordinated. The General Assembly has given the responsibility for this
coordination function to the Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health.
The required inter-agency and inter-governmental coordination are presented in Section
IV, Responsibilities for Solid Waste Management in Kentucky. Section VI, The Kentucky
Solid Waste Management Plan, outlines the Solid Waste Program's planned activities in re-
gard to its responsibilities during the period 1970-1974.
The Solid Waste Program, as a part of the Environmental Health Division, Kentucky
State Department of Health, presently must perform its coordination role from a disad-
vantaged position. To improve the coordination capabilities required to accomplish the
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program, the solid waste functions in the Ken-
tucky State Department of Health, require at least a Division level status. Similarly, the
Department's broad range of environmental health activities warrant administration from
a Deputy Commissioner level. Moreover, because of the complex interrelationships of the
Solid Waste Program's function with other State environment oriented agencies, an Inter-
departmental Task Force will be necessary to clarify and evaluate the State governmental
structure related to the control of Kentucky's environment. This Task Force should also
determine the benefits of establishing a single State agency responsible for the protection
and enhancement of the Commonwealth's environmental resources.
The development of improved solid waste management practices in Kentucky will
require close coordination and cooperation among the Commonwealth's several counties
and communities. The 15 regional Comprehensive Health Planning Councils can effectively
function as the local review organization for federally sponsored environmental health
activities in Kentucky. Still needed are the Environmental Resource Councils which can
evaluate other local environmental resource development requirements.
The Kentucky State Department of Health can develop essential programs to improve
solid waste management practices. It can also undertake efforts to coordinate and improve
the effectiveness of regulatory activities among the several State agencies and local jurisdic-
tions with responsibilities related to solid waste. The cooperative activities of all agencies,
organizations and individuals with various responsibilities constitute Kentucky's Comprehen-
sive Solid Waste Management Program. The level of coordination and cooperation achieved
in the coming years will be a measure of the Kentuckians' concern for themselves and for
the development of this Commonwealth.
vi
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CONTENTS
Section Title Page
I INTRODUCTION 1
II THE KENTUCKY ENVIRONMENT 3
Climate 3
Natural Regions and Area Development Districts 3
Area Development Districts and Local Governments 9
Population Growth Trends 10
Changing Land-Use Patterns 14
Economic Characteristics and Growth Trends 15
Distribution of Economic Sector EmpJoyment Changes
and Trends 18
Recent Trends of Per Capita and Total Personal Income
in Kentucky 20
III SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN
KENTUCKY 21
Community Practices 21
Individual Practices 22
Household Collection Practices 22
Commercial Collection Practices 23
Industrial Collection Practices 23
Institutional Practices 24
School Collection and Disposal Practices 24
Hospital Collection and Disposal Practices 25
State Government Practices 25
Solid Waste Disposal Practices 26
Trends in Solid Waste Management 27
Development Programs for Eastern Kentucky Districts 28
An Urban Development Program for the Big Sandy Area 28
Appalachian Environmental Health Demonstration
Project 28
Bluegrass Solid Waste Management System 28
Comprehensive Health Planning Councils 29
vii
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CONTENTS
Section Title Page
IV RESPONSIBILITIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN KENTUCKY 31
Introduction 31
Kentucky State Department of Health 35
Office of the Commissioner 35
Office of Legal Services 36
Office of Local Health Services 37
Division of Administrative Services 38
State/Local Budgets and Fiscal Administration Program 39
Central Administration Accounting Program 39
Special Projects Administration Program 39
Personnel Program 39
Training and Recruitment Program 40
Local Administration Program 40
Division of Environmental Health 40
Air Pollution Control Program 41
Environmental Health Services Program 42
Occupational Health Program 43
Plumbing Program 43
Radiological Health Program 44
Sanitary Engineering Program 44
Solid Waste Program . 45
Water Pollution Control Program 46
Division of Laboratories 48
Chemistry Section 48
Division of Medical Care 48
Medical Care Standards Program 48
Health Facilities Program 49
Division of Research, Planning and Statistics 49
Research Planning Program 49
Data Processing Program 49
Kentucky Department of Agriculture 49
Division of Livestock Sanitation 50
Division of Meat Inspection 50
Division of Pest and Noxious Weed Control 50
Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources 50
Division of Fisheries 51
Kentucky Department of Highways 51
Division of Maintenance 51
viil
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CONTENTS
Section Title Page
IV (cont'd.) Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals 52
Kentucky Department of Motor Transportation 52
Division of Qualifications 53
Division of Law Enforcement 53
Kentucky Department of Natural Resources 53
Division of Clean-up and Beautification 54
Division of Forestry 54
Division of Strip Mining and Reclamation 54
Division of Water 55
Kentucky Department of Public Safety 56
Division of State Police 5 6
U. S. Department of Agriculture 56
Forest Service 56
Kentucky Program Development Office 57
Regional Planning Agencies 58
Local Governments 58
Counties 58
Cities 58
V PROBLEMS AND NEEDS 61
Introduction 61
Kentucky's Environment 61
Physical Environment 61
Social Environment 62
Generation Sources 65
Communities 65
Industries 66
Agriculture 68
Minerals 68
Solid Waste Management Practices 69
Collection and Transportation 69
Processing 71
Recycling 72
Disposal 73
Regulation of Solid Waste Practices 74
Commonwealth Agencies 74
ix
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CONTENTS
Section Title Page
VI THE KENTUCKY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PLAN 79
Introduction 79
Administration (A-Functions) 80
Information Development (ID-Functions) 80
Regulation (R-Functions) 81
Technical Assistance (TA-Functions) 81
Goals 81
Objectives 82
Functional Presentation Explanation 84
Fiscal Year 1970 Functions 85
Administration 85
Information Development 88
Regulation 89
Technical Assistance 90
Fiscal Year 1971 Functions 92
Administration 92
Information Development 98
Regulation 101
Technical Assistance 101
Fiscal Year 1972 Functions 106
Administration 106
Information Development 109
Regulation 111
Technical Assistance 112
Fiscal Year 1973 Functions 115
Administration 115
Information Development 119
Regulation 122
Technical Assistance 123
Fiscal Year 1974 Functions 126
Administration 126
Information Development 130
Regulation 133
Technical Assistance 134
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CONTENTS
Main Report Appendix - List of Tables
Number Title Page
Main Report Appendix ' 45
1 Population Projections of the Commonwealth
of Kentucky by Selected Years 146
2 Percent Change in Population of the Common-
wealth of Kentucky 147
3 Number of Establishments in the State by Area
Development District and Employee Size
Category, 1967 148
4 Number of Establishments in the State by Industry
Division an d Size Category ,1967 149
5 Community Survey Response, 1969 150
6 Respondent Communities Which Permit Backyard
Burning, 1969 151
7 Respondent Communities With Compulsory House-
hold Collection, 1969 152
8 Respondent Communities With Residential Collec-
tion, 1969 153
9 Respondent Communities With Business and Com-
mercial Collection, 1969 154
10 Respondent Communities With Industrial Collec-
tion, 1969 155
11 Kentucky School Survey Waste Collection and Dis-
posal Practices, 1969 156
12 Kentucky Hospital .Survey Waste Collection and Dis-
posal Practices, 1969 157
13 Solid Waste Disposal Sites General Character, Appear-
ance and Operational Problems, Commonwealth of
Kentucky, 1969 158
xi
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Main Report Appendix - List of Tables (cont'd.)
Number Title Page
14 Summary of Illegal Dumps on Kentucky High-
way Rights-of-Way, 1969 159
15 Disposal Site Inventory Commonwealth of
Kentucky, 1970 160
xli
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LIST OF TABLES
Number Title Paee
1 The Jackson Purchase Physiographic Region 4
2 The Mississippian Plateau Physiographic Region 6
3 The Western Coal Field Physiographic Region 6
4 The Bluegrass Physiographic Region 7
5 The Eastern Coal Field Physiographic Region 9
6 Base Populations of the Six Classes of Cities in Kentucky 10
7 Kentucky Cities by Class and by Area Development Dis-
trict, 1970 11
8 Comparison of the Number of Counties in Different i
Size Categories, 1960-2000 14
9 Land Use in the Commonwealth of Kentucky by Various
Categories of Use, 1958 and 1967 14
10 Number of Industrial Establishments in Kentucky by
SIC Industry Division, 1967 16
11 Number of Industrial Establishments in Kentucky by
Area Development District, 1967 17
12 Kentucky Employment by Major Economic Activity
and Its Percentage Distribution for 1965 and 2000 18
13 Manufacturing Employment by Sector, 1965 and 2000 19
14 Manpower Allocation Summary, Solid Waste Program.
FY 1970 Functions 91
15 Manpower Allocation Summary, Solid Waste Program,
FY 1971 Functions 104
16 Manpower Allocation Summary, Solid Waste Program,
FY 1972 Functions 114
xiii
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List of Tables (cont'd.)
Number Title Page
17 Manpower Allocation Summary, Solid Waste Program,
FY 1973 Functions 125
18 Manpower Allocation Summary, Solid Waste Program,
FY 1974 Functions 136
19 Summary of Manpower Allocations Administrative
Functions Fiscal Years 1970-1974 139
20 Summary of Manpower Allocations Information
Development Functions Fiscal Years 1970-1974 140
21 Summary of Manpower Allocations Regulation
Functions Fiscal Years 1970-1974 141
22 Summary of Manpower Allocations Technical Assis-
tance Functions Fiscal Years 1970-1974 142
23 Summary of Manpower Allocations Solid Waste
Program Fiscal Years 1971-1974 143
xiv
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list of Figures
Number Title Page
1 General Natural Environment Physiographic
Regions of Kentucky 5
2 Commonwealth of Kentucky Area Development
Districts (ADD's) 8
3 Population Change by Area Development Dis-
trict 1960-2000 13
xv
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I. INTRODUCTION
This Report and its companion Appendices presents the initial Comprehensive Solid
Waste Program in Kentucky. This effort culminates three years of initial planning work
by the Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health.
In February 1968, the Kentucky General Assembly passed the Kentucky Solid Waste
Disposal Act. Under this law, the Solid Waste Program was charged with securing, for the
Commonwealth, the benefits of the Federal Solid Waste Disposal Act as it exists or is
amended. This included the administration of loans and grants from the Federal Govern-
ment and other sources. It also required that the Solid Waste Program function as the
Commonwealth's administrative agent for statewide, regional, and local planning; demon-
stration projects; and research and construction loans and grants provided by all agencies
of the Federal Government for solid waste related projects.
The Bureau of Solid Waste Management, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, (HEW), financially assisted the Solid Waste Program during its first three years of
operation. Under Federal directives, the three-year period was to be devoted to the develop-
ment of a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program within the Commonwealth.
The assistance provided to Kentucky by the Bureau of Solid Waste Management (HEW) has
permitted the Commonwealth to clarify the complexities of regulating solid waste manage-
ment practices in Kentucky. A seemingly simple activity has been revealed as an extremely
complex and penetrating problem that grossly affects the health and welfare of all Ken-
tuckians. Moreover, haphazard practices previously acceptable are being revealed as hazards
to both Kentucky's population and the Commonwealth's natural environment.
Since 1965, the Bureau of Solid Waste Management (HEW) has encouraged and as-
sisted a wide variety of research projects to determine the extent of solid waste related
problems and the means for correcting them. In 1970 only a trickle of the research
findings have become available but these are enough to provide warnings of the extent of
solid waste related problems. Bringing the results of this new research to the attention of
State agencies, local governments, and the people of Kentucky will be a major function
of the Solid Waste Program in the coming years.
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H. THE KENTUCKY ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE
The Kentucky climate is characterized by warm-to-hot summers and moderately cold
winters. Across the Commonwealth*, the normal daily average temperature in January
generally ranges between 35°F and 40°F, with average daily maximums close to 50°F and
average daily minimum temperatures of about 25°F. The July normal daily average tempera-
ture will range between 75 °F and 80°F. In the northeastern part of Kentucky average daily
minimum temperatures in July can be expected to fall below 65°F, while in the southwest
corner of the Commonwealth, average daily maximum temperatures in excess of 90°F can
be expected.
Annual precipitation is abundant and fairly well distributed throughout the various sea-
sons of the year. The northern part of the State, along the upper part of the Ohio River
Valley, has a mean annual precipitation of about 40 inches. The amount of precipitation in-
creases to 50 inches in the south, resulting in an approximate annual average of 45.6 inches
for the Commonwealth. Thunderstorms most frequently occur from March through Septem-
ber. The average annual total amount of snowfall ranges from 20 inches in the northeast to
about 10 inches in the far southwest; the snow seldom remains on the ground for more than
a few days.
The most severe climatic conditions affecting solid waste collection occur generally in
the eastern third of the Commonwealth where sleet and snow, in combination with hilly
terrain, intensify transportation hazards. The numerous frontal conditions which cross
Kentucky during winter months result in a cyclical pattern of rain, snow, freeze, and thaw.
During the spring months, when freezing conditions are absent and the ground is wet and
soft, sanitary landfill operations throughout the Commonwealth can be expected to operate
at reduced efficiencies.
NATURAL REGIONS AND AREA DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS
The sanitary landfill process will be the primary ultimate disposal method for solid
waste throughout Kentucky. The character of land forms, geology, and soils substantially
affects the engineering requirements needed to control potential water pollution or obstruc-
tions to surface water movement at solid waste disposal sites. The following brief review re-
lates the generalized physiographic characteristics found in the Commonwealth of Kentucky's
counties and Area Development Districts (ADD's). These Districts comprise the framework
within which regional solid waste management planning efforts are being developed. While
*The information presented in this section on environment is primarily from. "Land Areas of Kentucky and Their Potential
for Use Map," Agricultural and Industrial Development Board of Kentucky, Frankfort, 1953.
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these generalized physiographic characteristics outline numerous physical differences among
the 15 ADD's, specific physical differences occurring at each proposed solid waste disposal
site demand substantial engineering evaluations before its acceptability can be determined.
The lack of such evaluations for the hundreds of open dumps scattered across Kentucky
makes each a potential health hazard and a probable source of environmental pollution.
Five basic physiographic regions (see Figure 1) exist within Kentucky and are iden-
tified as the Jackson Purchase, the Mississippian Plateau, the Western Coal Field, the Blue-
grass, and the Eastern Coal Field. The general land surface of the State has been charac-
teristically described as badly eroded plateau areas which slope gradually towards the
southwest. As a result, the hilliest areas are in eastern Kentucky, while the westernmost
part of the Commonwealth is part of the floodplain of the Mississippi River.
The Jackson Purchase region contains within its boundaries all of the counties com-
prising the Purchase Area Development District. The different physiographic elements
of the region are presented below in Table 1.
Table 1
The Jackson Purchase Physiographic Region
Subdivision
Tovozravhv
Geology
Water Drainage
Within Soils
Breaks of the hilly
Tennessee
Central uplands undulating
and bottomlands to rolling
Delta
level
gravels
loess
gravels, sands,
clays, loess
Mississippi River
sediments
very rapid to
medium
slow to medium
Source: Land Areas of Kentucky and Their Potentials for Use Map.
The Mississippian Plateau region is composed of the Lake Cumberland Area Develop-
ment District with the exception of McCreary County; the Barren River Area Develop-
ment District with the exception of Butler County; the Lincoln Trail Area Development
District with the exception of Nelson, Washington, and Marion Counties; and the Penny-
rile Area Development District with the exception of Hopkins and Muhlenberg Counties.
The various physiographic elements of the different subdivisions included in the region
are presented in Table 2.
The Western Coal Field region encompasses the Green River Area Development Dis-
trict, as well as Butler County of the Barren River Area Development District and Hopkins
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Figure 1
General Natural Environment
Physiographic Regions of Kentucky
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and Muhlenberg Counties of the Pennyrile Area Development District. Table 3 presents the
various physiographic characteristics of the region by subdivision.
Table 2
The M ississippian Plateau Physiographic Region
Subdivision
Topography
Geology
Water Drainage
Within Soils
Eastern Pennyroyal
rolling
hilly
karst
limestones
shales
silt stones
medium to slow
Western Pennyroyal
(Limestone)
Western Pennyroyal
(Ss.-Sh.-Ls.)
karst
undulating
undulating
to hilly
limestones
loess
sandstones
shales
limestones
loess
medium
slow to medium
Cumberland- hilly
Tennessee River Area
gravels
limestones
loess
very rapid to
medium
Source: Land Areas of Kentucky and Their Potentials for Use Map.
Table 3
The Western Coal Field Physiographic Region
Subdivision
Topography
Geology
Water Drainage
Within Soils
Interior low hills
and bottomlands
level to
undulating
sandstones
shales
limestones
alluvium
slow
Bordering hilly
uplands
rolling
hilly
sandstones
shales
loess
slow to rapid
Source: Land Areas of Kentucky and Their Potentials for Use Map.
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The Bluegrass region encompasses the Northern Kentucky, Buffalo Trace, Jefferson,
and Bluegrass Area Development Districts (see Figure 2). Also included in the region are
Montgomery, Bath, and Rowan Counties of the Gateway Area Development District and
Nelson, Washington, and Marion Counties of the Lincoln Trail Area Development District.
Table 4 presents the various physiographic characteristics of the region by subdivision.
Table 4
The Bluegrass Physiographic Region
Subdivision
TovoRravhv
Geoloev
Water Drainage
Wtthin Soils
Inner Bluegrass undulating
to rolling
Hills of Bluegrass hilly to rolling
Outer Bluegrass
Knobs
rolling to
undulating
hilly and
level
limestones
limestones
calcareous
shales
argillaceous
limestones
limestones
shales
fine-grained
sandstones
medium
slow
medium
very slow
to slow
Source: Land Areas of Kentucky and Their Potentials for Use Map.
The Eastern Coal Field region* contains the FIVCO, Big Sandy, Kentucky River,
and Cumberland Valley Area Development Districts, as well as Menifee and Morgan
Counties of the Gateway Area Development District and McCreary County of the
Lake Cumberland Area Development District. The different physiographic character-
istics of the region are described in Table 5.
•This region has also been referred to as the Cumberland Plateau or the Eastern Mountains and Coal Field.
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Figure 2
1. Purchase
2. Penny rile
3. Green River
4. Barren River
5. Lincoln Trail
6. Jefferson
7. Northern Kentucky
8. Buffalo Trace
9. Gateway
10. FIVCO
11. Big Sandy
12. Kentucky River
13. Cumberland Valley
14. Lake Cumberland
15. Bluegrass
Commonwealth of Kentucky Area Development Districts
(ADD's)
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Table 5
The Eastern Coal Field Physiographic Region
Water Drainage
Subdivision Topoeraphv Geolosv Within Soils
Mountain and mountainous sandstones medium
creek bottom area shales
Plateau area rolling sandstones slow
mountainous shales
Escarpment area hilly sandstones medium
shales
Source: Land Areas of Kentucky and Their Potentials for Use Map.
AREA DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The large number of small political jurisdictions and the welter of overlapping com-
mission and agency regional jurisdictions prompted the establishment of the Area Develop-
ment Districts in the late 1960's. The District boundaries are now the common regional
areas for all substate planning and development efforts in Kentucky. Regional solid waste
management planning efforts are being developed to conform with these planning areas.
TheADD's will have as their primary goal the development of operational solid waste ser-
vices coordinated through a variety of interlaced agreements among the communities and
counties.
The Kentucky Program Development Office (KPDO), as the Governor's agency for
statewide coordination, has the primary responsibility for developing regional coordination
efforts. To accomplish this task, ADD planning agencies have been established in all but
three of the 15 designated regions. These are: the Jefferson, Northern Kentucky, and
Bluegrass Area Development Districts. KPDO expects that these three Districts will be or-
ganized within the next biennium.
Other regional planning areas which have been organized in eastern Kentucky with
the assistance of the Appalachian Regional Commission include the Buffalo Trace, Gate-
way, FIVCO, Big Sandy, Kentucky River, Cumberland Valley, and Lake Cumberland
Area Development Districts. The remainder of the Commonwealth's ADD's were or-
ganized with the assistance of the Economic Development Administration and include
the Purchase, Pennyrile, Green River, Lincoln Trail, and Barren River Area Development
Districts.
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Within these 15 regional planning areas, coordinating the efforts of 120 counties and
the multiplicity of municipalities will be a major development task. Generally, the counties
have small populations and also vary widely as to size. For example, Campbell County con-
tains about 145 square miles while Pike County has an area of approximately 779 square
miles. The average Kentucky county contains 333 square miles; however, 66 counties are
smaller than this average.
Municipalities are usually very small with extremely limited economic bases. The
General Assembly has directed that Kentucky municipalities are to be designated according
to class, from Class I through Class VI. Class is determined by the population of the munici-
pality at the time of the last federal census and by legislative action. According to its desig-
nated class, a city is delegated certain authority and powers which substantially affect its
capability for performing its governmental functions. The base population for each class
city appears in Table 6.
Table 6
Base Populations of the Six
Classes of Cities in Kentucky
Municipality Class Population
I 100,000 or more
II 20,000 but less than 100,000
. HI 8,000 but less than 20,000
IV 3,000 but less than 8,000
V 1,000 but less than 3,000
VI less than 1,000
Source: Kentucky Revised Statutes, Chapter 156.
Kentucky has 331 municipalities. Of these, 238, or over 71 percent, are 5th and 6th
class cities. In 1960, Louisville was the only 1st class city in the Commonwealth; eight
other cities were designated 2nd class. Eight of the 15 Area Development Districts did not
have a single 1st or 2nd class city, and in three ADD's the largest municipalities were desig-
nated 4th class. The number of municipalities by class for each of the 15 ADD's is shown
in Table 7.
POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS
Between 1960 and 2000 the population of Kentucky is expected to increase signifi-
cantly. The more-than-3-million people recorded in the 1960 Census is expected to
10
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Table 7
Kentucky Cities by Class and Area Development District
1970
Area Development
District
Purchase
Pennyrfle
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Number
Counties
With
Cities*
8
9
7
10
8
7
8
5
4
4
4
8
8
9
17
Number
Counties
Without
Cities
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
Class
I
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class
II
I
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
Number
Class
III
2
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
3
of Cities
Class
IV
4
7
3
3
3
5
10
2
3
4
5
2
7
1
10
Class
V
5
9
8
5
10
5
13
3
1
5
0
4
4
9
11
Class
VI
9
10
12
9
8
47
23
3
2
2
4
3
4
3
7
Total Number
(All Classes)
21
27
25
18
21
58
50
9
6
12
9
10
17
15
33
Total
116
15
69
92
146
331
'"Cities" as defined by the Kentucky General Assembly refers to municipalities or incorporated places.
Source: Georgia Robles Boone, Kentucky Governmental Guide- 1970 (Madison. Tenn., 1970).
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increase by 2.4 million people for a total population of about 5.5 million in the year
2000.* This substantial growth represents an 80 percent increase over Kentucky's 1960
population.!
Of the 15 ADD's, six can expect a population increase in excess of the growth rate
anticipated for the Commonwealth from 1960-2000. These are the Barren River, the
Bluegrass, the Pennyrile, the Jefferson, the Purchase, and the F1VCO Area Development
Districts (see Figure 3).
The Barren River Area Development District, which, in area, is the second largest
ADD in the State, is expected to be the growth leader with an anticipated increase of 159
percent. Every county in this District is expected to exceed the State's projected growth
with Warren, Hart, Edmonson, and Metcalfe Counties even exceeding the Area Develop-
ment District's average growth rate.
The Bluegrass Area Development District, largest in physical area, is the second
fastest growing district with a 158 percent increase in population expected over the 40-
year period from 1960-2000. Fayette, Jessamine, Madison, Powell, and Woodford Coun-
ties are all anticipated to grow at a faster rate than the average for the District, while all
of the counties in this ADD are expected to exceed the State's anticipated 80 percent
growth rate.
The Pennyrile and Jefferson Area Development Districts are the next fastest growing
ADD's with expected increases of 99 and 90 percent, respectively, over the 40-year period.
The Purchase and FICVO Area Development Districts represent the fifth and sixth fastest
growing Districts in the State. Both are expected to have population increases in excess
of the Commonwealth's expected growth rate from 1960-2000.
In the year 2000, the four largest ADD's, in terms of absolute number of residents,
are expected to be the Jefferson, Bluegrass, Barren River, and Northern Kentucky Area
Development Districts. Together these four Districts will account for 57.4 percent of the
State's total population. The Jefferson and Bluegrass Area Development Districts alone
are expected to make up 41.8 percent of the total population. The Bluegrass, Jefferson,
and Northern Kentucky Area Development Districts also contain counties which are in-
cluded in the Cincinnati, Lexington, and Louisville Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area (SMSA 's). Fayette, Jefferson, Boone, Kenton, and Campbell are the constituent
counties of these SMSA's.
In 1960, there were 11 counties in the State which had a population of 50,000 or more.
By the year 2000 the number of counties in this category is expected to increase by 10 for a
total of 21 counties with more than 50,000 persons. Table 8 provides a county comparison
of different population sizes and the shifts that are expected to occur between 1960 and 2000.
'"Population Projections of the Commonwealth of Kentucky By Selected Years," Table 1, Main Report Appendix.
t "Percent Change In Population of the Commonwealth of Kentucky," Table 2, Main Report Appendix.
12
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Figure 3
Percent Change
150+
80-100
60-80
1. Purchase
2. Pennyrile
3. Green River
4. Barren River
5. Lincoln Trail
6. Jefferson
7. Northern Kentucky
8. Buffalo Trace
9. Gateway
10. FIVCO
11. Big Sandy
12. Kentucky River
13. Cumberland Valley
14. Lake Cumberland
15. Bluegrass
Population Change by Area Development District
1960-2000
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Table 8
Comparison of the Number of Counties in
Different Size Categories, 1960-2000
Number of Persons
Number of Counties
1960 2000
Less than 10,000
10,000 to 20,000
20,000 to 50,000
50,000 and over
32
52
25
11
11
37
51
21
Source: Bureau of the Census, County and City Data Book, 1967 (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing
Office, 1967). Kentucky Program Development Off ice, Population Projections for the Commonwealth of
Kentucky to the Year 2000 (Frankfort, Ky., June 1969).
CHANGING LAND-USE PATTERNS
The Commonwealth of Kentucky's land and water area total over 25 million acres, or
more than 39,800 square miles. The categories of land use did not change significantly be-
tween 1958 and 1967. However, shifts between the categories did occur as indicated in
Table 9.
Table 9
Land Use in the Commonwealth of Kentucky
by Various Categories of Use, 1958 and 1967
Land Use
1958
Acres
%of
State
Total
1967
Acres
%of
State
Total
% Change
1958-1967
Cropland
Pasture
Forest
Other Land
Federal
Non-Cropland
Urban-Built-up
Small Water Areas
6,804,769 26.7 6,586,738
4,584,524 18.0 5,164,880
10,875,854 42.6 10,988,166
1,563,311 6.1 767,706
832,702' 3.3 1,047,416
732,002 2.9 834,858
109.699 0.4 121.156
25,502,901 100.0 25,510,920
25.8
20.2
43.1
3.0
4.1
3.3
0.5
100.0
- 3.2
12.7
1.0
-50.9
25.8
14.1
10.4
Source: Data presented above have been adjusted slightly from information provided by the U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
14
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Cropland, which makes up about one-fourth of the total acreage, declined over 3
percent, while forest land increased about 1 percent during this period. Pasture, which ac-
counts for about one-fifth of the total crop acreage, increased over 12 percent, while
federal non-cropland, which accounts for only 4 percent of the State's total, registered
an increase of more than 25 percent.
Small water areas and urban and built-up areas increased over 10 and 14 percent,
respectively, during the nine-year period. The "other land" category showed a decline
of over 50 percent.*
The increase of over 14 percent in the urban and built-up land-use classification is
indicative of the Commonwealth's increasing urbanization. This type of land is of special
significance in solid waste management because of increases in population density with
the accompanying increases in waste generation. In 1967, the Jefferson and Bluegrass
Area Development Districts had a total of 102,908 acres and 98,655 acres, respectively,
in this category. Together, these two Districts account for over 24 percent of the State's
total acreage in urban and built-up areas. Other Districts with significant acreage in this
classification include the Pennyrile and Northern Kentucky Area Development Districts,
which, in 1967, had 94,522 acres and 89,165 acres, respectively.
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH TRENDS
By 1967 there were about 47,500 reporting industrial establishments in Kentucky
(see Table 10). Trade and services dominated accounting for 68.4 percent of the indus-
trial establishments in the Commonwealth. In many cases, trade and services activities
are included in municipally operated collection and disposal service systems. There is a
similarity between solid waste generated by this segment of the economy and household
refuse. Therefore, waste from trade and services activities and households constitute
somewhat similar problems.
'Soil Conservation Service definition of "other land" includes farmsteads, idle land, wildlife areas, and other areas not
classified into cropland, pasture and range, forest and woodland, and urban and built-up areas. See U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Kentucky Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory. (Kentucky Conser-
vation Needs Committee), July 1962.
15
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Table 10
Number of Industrial Establishments in Kentucky
by SIC Industry Division, 1967
SIC Industry Division Number of Establishments*
Agriculture (07-09)
Mining (10-14)
Construction (15-17)
Manufacturing (19-39)
Transportation (4049)
Trade (50-59)
Finance (60^7)
Services (70-89)
Total 47,507
'Numbers are indicative only and, because of disclosure problems, incomplete.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Kentucky County Business Patterns, 1967. (Washington, D. C., 1968).
Agricultural and manufacturing industries throughout Kentucky generate significant
volumes of solid waste, some of which must be considered as hazardous. These two econo-
mic activities were represented by 3,222 establishments in 1967.
The majority of the establishments in the Agricultural Division are small operations
which employ relatively few people, but these activities are generally concentrated in or
near urbanized areas.* Of the 328 such industries listed in 1967, 165 are found in the
Bluegrass, Jefferson, and Northern Kentucky Area Development Districts.! The types
and volumes of waste and the practices related to their ultimate disposal from industrial
establishments are presently unknown and are essentially unregulated.
Of the 2,894 manufacturing establishments in Kentucky in 1967, 643, or 22.2 per-
cent, were very small and employed less than three persons per establishment. Manufactur-
ing establishments employing more than 50 workers numered 688 and represented 23.8
percent of all establishments in that Division. Manufacturing establishments are fairly well
dispersed throughout the 15 ADD's, but 1,401, or slightly less than one-half, were located
in the Bluegrass, Jefferson, and Northern Kentucky Area Development Districts. Again
the types, volumes of waste, and ultimate disposal sites for waste generated by the various
manufacturing processes in Kentucky are unknown and largely unregulated. Waste from
'"Number of Establishments in the State by Area Development District and Employee Size Category, 1967," Table
3, Main Report Appendix.
f'Number of Establishments in the State by Industry Division and Size Category, 1967," Table 4, Main Report
Appendix.
16
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some of these economic activities can be extremely hazardous while being stored trans-
ported, or finally disposed of.
Table 11 illustrates the distribution of economic enterprises among the 15 Area
Development Districts. The Jefferson and Bluegrass Area Development Districts domi-
nated with over 40 percent of all industrial establishments in the Commonwealth. While
the remaining 60 percent were distributed among the other 13 Districts, no one District
began to approach the dominant position of the two leaders. It should be recognized that
while economic activities are well dispersed among the 15 Districts, they are usually con-
centrated in and around the major communities within each District.
Table 11
Number of Industrial Establishments in Kentucky
by Area Development District, 1967
District Area Development Number of
No. Districts Establishments*
1 Purchase 3,063
2 Pennyrile 2,822
3 Green River 2,972
4 Barren River 2,937
5 Lincoln Trail 1,951
6 Jefferson 11,865
7 Northern Kentucky 3,756
8 Buffalo Trace 723
9 Gateway 692
10 FIVCO 1,552
11 Big Sandy 1,572
12 Kentucky River 1,106
13 Cumberland Valley 2,312
14 Lake Cumberland 1,863
15 Bluegrass 7,354
Statewidet 955
Total 47,505
•Numbers are indicative only and, because of disclosure problems, incomplete.
tThe Statewide classification reflects the number of establishments without a fixed location, with a significant number
of employees in more than one county or of unknown county origin.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce. Kentucky County Business Patterns, 1967. (Washington, D. C., 1968).
17
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DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT CHANGES AND TRENDS
Over the period from 1965 to 2000, total employment in the Commonwealth
is expected to increase from 968,200 to 1,800,000 persons.* The additional employment
projected represents an 84 percent increase over the 35-year period. Table 12 presents Ken-
tucky employment by major economic activity for 1965 and 2000.
Table 12
Kentucky Employment by Major Economic Activity
and Its Percentage Distribution for 1965 and 2000
(OOO's)
7965
2000
Activity
Workers
Agriculture 210.0
Mining 28.1
Manufacturing 206.2
Construction 47.3
Transportation,
Communications
and Utilities 54.0
Trade 155.3
Finance and
Services 131.7
Government 135.6
% of Total
21.7
2.9
21.3
4.9
5.6
16.0
13.6
14.0
Workers
106.2
22.7
540.0
98.6
47.9
339.5
% of Total
6.0
1.3
30.2
5.5
2.7
19.0
18.0
17.3
Total
968.2
100.0
1,785.7
100.0
Source: Kentucky Program Development Office. Economic Analysis of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, I960-
2000 (Frankfort, Ky.,June 1969).
The Table reveals the changing relative importance among the several economic
activities. Employment will increase significantly in trade, construction, manufacturing,
finance, and services. Conversely, declines can be expected in mining; agriculture; and the
transportation, communications, and utilities sectors.
The largest relative decline will occur in the agriculture sector, while the largest
relative gain will occur in the manufacturing sector. These expected changes reveal the in-
creasing dominance of manfacturing in Kentucky.
All sectors in the manufacturing activity, with the exception of the food and
*The information presented in this section represents the high employment projections found in Kentucky Program
Development Office. Economic Analysis of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 1960-2000 (Frankfort, Ky., June 1969).
18
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lumber sectors, are expected to increase their employment over the 35-year period. Table
13 indicates that electrical machinery will have the greatest growth and will account for al-
most one-half of the total manufacturing employment projected for 2000. In addition, the
clothing, textiles, and leather sector; the paper, printing, and publishing sector; and the
chemicals, petroleum, coal, and rubber sector are all expected to have substantial increases
in employment from 1965 to 2000.
Table 13
Manufacturing Employment by Sector
1965 and 2000
(OOO's)
Sector 1965 2000
Food and Kindred Products 25.1 21.9
Tobacco 12.5 16.5
Clothing, Tex tiles, Leather 31.2 77.9
Lumber and Furniture 16.7 14.7
Paper, Printing, Publishing 12.7 56.7
Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber 17.2 50.1
Stone, Clay, Glass 6.4 10.4
Primary Metals 11.1 17.3
Electrical Machinery 69.7 257.3
Miscellaneous 3.6 17.2
Total 206.2 540.0
Source: Kentucky Program Development Office, Economic Analysis of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. 1960-2000
(Frankfort. Ky., June 1969).
On a regional basis, the Bluegrass and Jefferson Area Development Districts,
which contain the cities of Lexington and Louisville, are expected to experience the
largest absolute gain in total employment during this time period. The Bluegrass Area
Development District is expected to gain 224,400 workers, and the Jefferson Area Develop-
ment District can anticipate a gain of 222,100 workers.
While the largest relative gain in employment—about 141 percent—is ex-
pected to occur in the Barren River Area Development District, the Pennyrile Area
Development District should double its total employment.
19
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RECENT TRENDS OFFER CAPITA AND TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME IN
KENTUCKY
Per capita income in Kentucky increased from $ 1,552 in 1959 to $2,645 in
1968.* During this same period, the per capita income in the Southeast Region of the
United States increased from $1,585 to $2,682. The per capita income for the United
States as a whole increased from $2,161 in 1959 to $3,421. While Kentucky's percent
increase (70.4) during this time period exceeded both the Southeast Region (69.2) and
that of the United States (58.3), Kentucky's per capita income is still lower than that of
its region and the nation. Therefore, the personal income of many Kentuckians remains
relatively low and represents a restricted ability to pay for high-cost public services.
In 1968, five Districts in Kentucky exceeded the State's per capita income of
$2,645. In addition, the Jefferson Area Development District's per capita income of
$3,517 exceeded the United States figure of $3,421. The five Districts, in order of rank,
include the Jefferson, Northern Kentucky, Lincoln Trail, Bluegrass, and Pennyrile Area
Development Districts.
Kentucky's total personal income rose from $4.7 billion in 1959 to $8.5 billion
in 1968. The Jefferson, Bluegrass, and Northern Kentucky Area Development Districts,
together, accounted for 56 percent of the State's total personal income in 1968.
The numerous counties in Kentucky, with their relatively small populations
and one or two small municipalities, emphasize the problems being faced in improving
solid waste management. The substantially dispersed populations in rural areas and their
typically low family incomes intensify the problems of developing adequate public services
throughout much of the Commonwealth.
"The information presented in this section is from University of Kentucky, Office of Development Services and Busi-
ness Research, Kentucky Personal Income, State and County for Selected Years, 1929-1968 (Lexington, Kentucky,
September 1969).
20
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III. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN KENTUCKY
COMMUNITY PRACTICES
Most Kentucky counties usually have too few people and inadequate economic activi-
ties to be self-supportive. The 1960 Census of Population recorded less than 20,000 per-
sons in 84 of the Commonwealth's 120 counties. With such a dispersed population in so
many small towns, and with over 90 percent of total land area in crop, pasture and state
or federal forest land, there has been relatively little local impetus to consider the disposal
of solid waste as a problem. When the problem is recognized, the lack of technical and fi-
nancial capabilities in small communities and counties generally forces well-meaning com-
munity fathers to ignore the problem.
However, Kentucky communities recognize the need to attract industries as a means
for economic survival. Real estate promotional techniques have long been used to win
new economic enterprises. In recent years, as industries have become more concerned
about the disposal of their waste, communities have learned to describe their waste dis-
posal areas in terms that are attractive to promotional efforts. Therefore, open dumps,
almost categorically, have been called sanitary landfills. Sometimes more conservative
communities have called their open dumps simply landfill operations.
In the past, consideration was seldom given to the future use of the land used as a
dump. The dump was not recognized as detrimental or harmful to the health of nearby
residents. The general practice was to put the town dump in that part of town or on that
edge of town where nearby residents could do little about the situation. These circum-
stances still exist in Kentucky, and many communities, large and small, have been reluc-
tant to change.
The Kentucky part of the "National Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices"
was conducted during the summer of 1967. This pioneer effort illustrated the magnitude
of many community problems relating to solid waste disposal. During 1969, in an effort
to confirm and amplify this initial Survey, the Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State De-
partment of Health, undertook additional surveys. All identifiable communities were con-
tacted by mail, and necessary follow-ups were made by mail or personal interview. Of the
345 communities contacted, replies were obtained from 168, or 49 percent, of that total.*
Based upon 1960 Census data, the population within the respondent communities
represented 41 percent of the total surveyed population. On the average, the survey repre-
sented 47 percent of all the communities identified in each Area Development District.
The population in the respondent communities represented an average of 54 percent of
•"Community Survey Response, 1969," Table 5, Main Report Appendix.
21
-------
all town or city residents in each District. While not complete, the information received
provides a useful indication of community solid waste management practices in Kentucky.
INDIVID UA L PR A CTICES
In recognition of the Commonwealth's widely dispersed population, the Ken-
tucky General Assembly added a section to the Kentucky Solid Waste Act, K.R.S. 211. 710,
which permits a person to dispose of solid waste from his own household upon his own
land, as long as such disposal does not create a nuisance or hazard to health. The Kentucky
Air Pollution Control Commissions's regulations permit the use of backyard waste burners
having a capacity of two bushels (four cubic feet) for the burning of rubbish, but not gar-
bage.*
While it may be assumed that the typical farmer probably disposes of his solid
waste upon his own property, there is little indication that this is the practice of the aver-
age rural non-farm resident. Information presented in this Section on disposal sites will
illustrate this point.
In an effort to determine the extent ot backyard burning practices, the National
Survey found that in 68 percent of the 99 communities inventoried, backyard burning was
practiced and was regulated in 42 percent of the communities. In the Solid Waste Pro-
gram's 1969 Survey, 44 percent, or 68 of the 168 respondent communities indicated that
the practice was permitted.! However, these were predominantly small communities
representing less than 10 percent of the respondent community population. In contrast,
the National Survey indicated that almost 51 percent of the urban population resided in
communities which permitted backyard burning. This difference in Survey results remains
to be clarified.
HOUSEHOLD COLLECTION PRACTICES
In its 1969 Survey, the Solid Waste Program asked for information on the num-
ber of communities with compulsory household collection of solid waste. Eighty of the
168 respondent communities, or over 47 percent, indicated that household collection was
required. However, these 80 communities contained less than 30 percent of the total popu-
lation in the communities responding to the questionnaire.**
Among those communities with compulsory household collection, 46 indicated
that the community provides public collection services.ft The remaining 34 communi-
ties apparently provide collection service through contract or franchise arrangements with
•Garbage was defined as putrescible animal and vegetable matter accumulated by a family in a resident in the course
of day-to-day living.
f'Respondent Communities Which Permit Backyard Burning, 1969," Table 6, Main Report Appendix.
•'Respondent Communities With Compulsory Household Collection, 1969," Table 7, Main Report Appendix.
tf'Respondent Communities With Residential Collection, 1969," Table 8, Main Report Appendix.
22
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private collectors. However, 105 communities, or over 62 percent of the respondents, in-
dicated that some form of household collection is provided by private collectors. On the
average, slightly less than 2,500 places were served by public collection in each community,
while the average private collector served roughly 450 places. The number of different
communities a private collector might serve could not be determined from this Survey, but
it must be assumed that such collectors probably provide service to several small communi-
ties within their operational territories.
The 1967 National Survey indicated that over 41 percent of the surveyed com-
munities, with more than 51 percent of the surveyed urban population, were served by
public collection service. While the Solid Waste Program Survey information is not di-
rectly related to population, almost 70 percent of the residential places with collection
service were served by public systems. However, it must be emphasized that only 30 per-
cent of the respondent population lived in communities requiring household collection.
COMMERCIAL COLLECTION PRACTICES
The results of the Solid Waste Program Survey indicated that 24 percent, or 41
of the 168 respondent communities provided public collection for business and commer-
cial establishments.* However, 136, or 82 percent, indicated that business and commercial
establishments are provided collection by private collectors. From these results, it is ap-
parent that some communities with public collection also have business and commercial
establishments served by private collectors and that the majority of communities depend
upon private collection service.
Public collection services are provided to the majority of commercial establish-
ments. The Solid Waste Program Survey noted that over 71 percent of the 11,800 com-
mercial places with collection service were served by public systems. The National Survey
results indicated that nearly 41 percent of the 99 communities surveyed had public collec-
tion service for commercial establishments. The results of these two Surveys indicate that
it is customary for larger communities to provide partial or complete public collection of
commercial waste and for smaller communities to be served by private collectors.
INDUSTRIAL COLLECTION PRACTICES
The National Survey recognized that most of Kentucky's process or manufacturing
industries dispose of their own waste. Less than 36 percent of the communities, representing
less than 50 percent of the total urban population surveyed, indicated that these industries
were served by either public or private collection services. In the Solid Waste Program Sur-
vey of 1969, only 20 of the surveyed communities and 130 industrial establishments were
served by public collectors.! This same Survey indicated that only 72 industrial
•"Respondent Communities With Business and Commercial Collection, 1969," Table 9, Main Report Appendix.
t "Respondent Communities With Industrial Collection, 1969," Table 10, Main Report Appendix.
23
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establishments in 28 communities were served by private collectors. Since there are al-
most 3,000 manufacturing industries in Kentucky, most apparently dispose of their own
solid waste.
Manufacturing enterprises produce a wide variety of solid waste, some of which
must be considered as hazardous material. In some cases this waste is putrescible and
can create problems. In other cases, discarded waste can be highly toxic and, if indis-
criminately disposed of, can cause unusual and sometimes devastating injury to humans,
animals, and the natural environment. Some waste with toxic characteristics is also water
soluble and travel great distances as part of the local surface or ground water supplies. The
Solid Waste Program does not know how most industries in Kentucky dispose of their
waste. A long-term program would be required to determine the character of industrial
waste being produced throughout the Commonwealth, the hazards associated with such
waste, existing techniques of disposal and the development of regulations to assure safe
and yet economic means of industrial waste disposal.
INSTITUTIONAL PRACTICES
The 1967 National Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices found that
among the 99 communities surveyed, roughly 54 percent indicated that their institutions
were served by either public or private collection service. In an effort to augment this in-
formation, the Solid Waste Program conducted a Survey, through the local health depart-
ments in the Commonwealth's 120 counties, to identify solid waste practices used by
hospitals and schools. From this Survey information was obtained for 1,926 public and
private schools, with the exception of colleges and universities, and 136 public and private
hospitals throughout the Commonwealth.
School Collection and Disposal Practices
The local public health sanitarians were requested to identify the collec-
tion and disposal practices used at each school. The results indicated that less than 56
percent of the schools in Kentucky were served by either public or private collection ser-
vices.* Of those having collection services, about 27 percent reported private collection
and 29 percent reported public collection. The majority of schools in Kentucky, 812, or
over 42 percent, reported that school employees collect the solid waste for their respective
schools. Presumably these employees transport the waste to a disposal site.
Of special significance were the responses to the method of disposal used
by schools. Only 406 schools reported that solid waste is disposed of on the site. If
1,077 schools with some form of collection service have solid waste removed to a central
disposal site, then the disposal method of more than 500 schools is still unknown.
•"Kentucky School Survey, Waste Collection and Disposal Practices, 1969," Table 11, Main Report Appendix.
24
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A number of schools indicated that waste is disposed of by incineration.
Among the 675 schools reporting the use of incinerators, many may have considered that
this reduction process was their disposal method. Moreover, the number of schools with
incinerators, as defined by the Kentucky Air Pollution Control Commission, is unknown.
In many cases metal or cinder block burners are used, and some of these probably exceed
the two-bushel or 4-cubic-foot burner that does not require a permit from the Commission.
While there is substantial food waste resulting from luncheon or cafeteria operations,
which should not be reduced in an open burner, the method of removing and disposing of
this waste is still largely unknown. In the more rural school districts, an unresolved ques-
tion remains as to whether such food waste finds its way into unregulated swine-feeding
operations.
The local sanitarians were also asked to determine whether school waste
is being disposed of by open dump or some form of landfill. The Survey results indicated
that 653 schools used an open dump, while 720 schools referred to their disposal site as a
landfill. The character of these landfills was not determined.
*
Hospital Collection and Disposal Practices
In conjunction with the School Survey, the local sanitarians were requested
to identify collection and disposal practices used by hospitals in their districts. Of the 136
hospitals inventoried, 83 percent indicated that their solid waste was collected by either
public or private collectors.* Among those with collection services, 55 percent were
served by public collectors, while 24 hospitals disposed of waste on the premises. It is
not known what form of disposal was used at these sites, but 47 hospitals noted an open
dump as their means of disposal, while 54 indicated the use of landfills. Again, the
character of the landfills was not determined.
STATE GOVERNMENT PRACTICES
Within Kentucky three State agencies provide most of the solid waste disposal ser-
vices:
• The Department of Finance provides services to the majority of State agencies
• The Department of Parks maintains the Commonwealth's park system
• The Department of Highways maintains the more than 25,000 miles of State
highways
While collection and disposal practices vary widely throughout Kentucky, the ef-
forts of the Solid Waste Program to assure that solid waste is disposed of in a manner that
•"Kentucky Hospital Survey, Waste Collection and Disposal Practices, 1969," Table 12, Main Report Appendix.
25
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is safe will become more effective as the various State agencies comply with the regula-
tions established for the citizens of Kentucky. As State agencies adhere to State regula-
tions, the legal capability of environmental health regulatory agencies will become
strengthened, and the various courts will have positive examples of the reasonableness of
the compliance requirements.
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES
The National Survey was able to identify 224 community disposal sites in Kentucky.
It recognized 21 of these as sanitary landfills. In 1967, the concept of what constituted a
sanitary landfill was still largely unknown in Kentucky. Only since the passage of the Ken-
tucky Solid Waste Act by the 1968 General Assembly, and the widespread distribution of
the new State laws and regulations, have local governments become aware that the term
means something other than a less obnoxious name for an open dump.
Even now, numerous well-educated people across the Commonwealth are opposed
to the use of sanitary landfills as a means for the ultimate disposal of waste. Those who
listen to these individuals have become fearful that sanitary landfills will destroy their
water supplies or ruin valuable farm land. Yet, open dumps of all types are scattered
across the Commonwealth. The attitude is still widely held, even by concerned indivi-
duals, that it is far better to carry the waste out into the country and dump it where it
will not harm the community. A major effort is going to be required hi Kentucky to
demonstrate that sanitary landfills can be constructed and operated in a manner that will
be safe for nearby residents, will not seriously contaminate surface or groundwater sup-
plies and can add value to the land upon which they are built. Sanitary landfills are the
safest and most efficient means of solid waste disposal presently available. Those who
condemn the sanitary landfill do not seem to be concerned, or do not realize, that open
dumps, oxidized materials in residue piles, and sludge from waste disposal plants are pres-
ently releasing untold quantities of pathogenic and toxic materials into Kentucky's na-
tural environment, primarily through the leaching affect of water percolating through the
waste piles. The sanitary landfill controls the leaching action of water through its com-
pacted cover after each day's operation and a more substantial final earth cover.
A summary of the 1967 National Survey showed the typical disposal site in Ken-
tucky to be a hillside dump.* Over 90 percent of the sites surveyed had uncontrolled
blowing paper, and over 75 percent were routinely burned. More importantly, almost
20 percent of the disposal sites found in the Commonwealth interferred with the ground-
water table. While not included in the National Survey, numerous dumps in Kentucky
have been located along streams and are prime sources of water pollution.
'"Solid Waste Disposal Sites General Character, Appearance, and Operational Problems, Commonwealth of Ken-
tucky," Table 13, Main Report Appendix.
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In an effort to expand upon the findings of the National Survey, the Solid Waste Pro-
gram requested the Maintenance Division of the Kentucky Highway Department to con-
duct an inventory of promiscuous dumps along Commonwealth highways.* In 83 out of
the 120 counties of Kentucky, the Highway Department found 776 illegal roadside dumps.
All Highway Districts responded to the Survey, however, in some counties no illegal dumps
were reported. Therefore, it must be assumed that a complete inventory would reveal ad-
ditional illegal dumps. The presence of so many dumps along Kentucky highway rights-of-
way illustrates a common solid waste disposal practice in the Commonwealth.
As a part of its planning efforts, the Solid Waste Program routinely locates and re-
cords ultimate disposal sites as they are reported or are located during normal field activi-
ties.f Some of the larger roadside dumps, which also appear on the Highway Department
inventory, have been included and catalogued. It should be noted that not all of the 51 ulti-
mate disposal sites permitted by the Solid Waste Program are sanitary landfills. Some are
special-purpose sites for non-putrescible or other materials which can be left exposed for
longer periods of time than are permitted at sanitary landfills.
A primary effort of the Solid Waste Program during the plan period will have to be
devoted to:
• Identification of all forms of ultimate disposal sites throughout the Commonwealth
• Evaluation of these sites
• Closing of sites harmful to the public and the natural environment
• Assisting site operators in making their facilities safe
• Issuing permits for public or private disposal sites of all types
TRENDS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Since 1968, a number of efforts have been under way in Kentucky to develop means
for improving solid waste management practices throughout the Commonwealth. The
Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) has sponsored two projects aimed at improving
living conditions in eastern Kentucky. KPDO has sponsored research oriented toward im-
proving the development opportunities across the Commonwealth. Federal agencies have
been providing similar types of assistance oriented toward improving existing solid waste
management practices. Finally, a statewide Environment Resources Council is in the
planning stage. The establishment of this Council will greatly assist the coordination of
activities among the various public and private groups concerned with Kentucky's en-
vironment.
""Summary of Illegal Dumps on Kentucky Highway Rights-of-Way, 1969," Table 14, Main Report Appendix.
t"Disposal Site Inventory. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 1970," Table 15, Main Report Appendix.
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DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR EASTERN KENTUCKY DISTRICTS
In 1968, KPDO, with financial assistance from the U. S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the ARC, prepared a series of Develop-
ment Programs for the ADD's in eastern Kentucky. As part of the Urban Services Pro-
gram, preliminary solid waste disposal requirements for each of these Districts were
identified.
AN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE BIG SANDY AREA
As an outcome of the original Development Programs, the evaluation of urban
services requirements in the Big Sandy Area Development District was undertaken by
KPDO, with financial assistance from ARC. This study, completed in early 1969, in-
cluded an elementary model of a regional solid waste management system oriented to-
ward a combined urban collection system and a rural container collection system. From
these efforts, KPDO is undertaking a more detailed feasibility study to establish the re-
quirements for a complete operational solid waste management system for the entire
five-county area. Based largely upon these efforts, KPDO has in preparation solid waste
management system requirement guidelines which will be used to estimate the needs
and costs of providing adequate services in all 15 ADD's in the Commonwealth.
APPALACHIAN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
In September 1968, the Division of Environmental Health, Kentucky State
Department of Health, established the Southeastern Kentucky Environmental Health
Demonstration Project in an 11-county region to develop and establish a comprehensive
environmental health program. Included in this project was a feasibility study for a
solid waste collection and disposal system.
BL UEGRASS SOLID WASTE MAN A CEMENT SYSTEM
In February 1970, the Bureau of Solid Waste Management of the U. S. De-
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) provided a grant to Spindletop Re-
search, Inc., for the demonstration of a Public-Private Regional Solid Waste Management
System in Kentucky's Bluegrass Area Development District. KPDO provided the initial
assistance to Spindletop and public officials within the District to prepare the application
for the grant. The objectives of this demonstration project are to:
• Dispose of solid waste more efficiently than individual jurisdictions,
an organization of public bodies alone, or a private agency alone
• Bridge the gulfs of inter-jurisdictional differences, including those be-
tween rural areas and towns, to attain economies of scale
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• Attain area coverage with a solid waste disposal system operation that will
improve environmental health conditions in the area
• Act as a supplemental educational and training mechanism on a regional
level to expand environmental health concepts and solid waste collection
and disposal processes and techniques
• Use solid waste disposal as a mechanism to improve land-use capabilities
and enhance land values
COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH PLANNING COUNCILS
Since 1969, Comprehensive Health Planning Councils have been formed in each
of the 15 Area Development Districts. These are volunteer groups of professional and lay
people supported by a small professional staff whose functions are to review and recom-
mend programs for improved health-related services within their Districts. As these organi-
zations develop, they will become the focal points within each District for evolving improved
solid waste management practices.
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IV. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KENTUCKY
INTRODUCTION
Agencies responsibile for the regulation of solid waste collection and disposal practices
in Kentucky generally function independently of each other. From time to time over the
years, numerous problems related to solid waste collection and disposal have been identi-
fied. As each problem became apparent, it was taken before the Kentucky General Assembly
where regulatory statutes were enacted with the regulation authority being placed in what
appeared to be the most appropriate Department of State government. This has resulted
in a welter of legislative statutues* with specific regulatory responsibilities meted out to a
number of Departments of State government and numerous agencies within these Depart-
ments.
Kentucky's efforts to comply with the Federal Solid Waste Act, Public Law 89-272
[ Title 42 U.S. Code § §5257-5259], were initiated in June 1966, by an executive order
from the Governor. The Program, then termed a Project, was placed within the Division
of Environmental Health, Kentucky State Department of Health, and a director was ap-
pointed. In August 1967, a second person was added to the staff and in October 1968, a
third. By the end of 1968, the director had resigned, and another staff position was filled.
In February 1969, the present director was appointed. Since that time the Program has
operated with a four-man staff.
In February 1968, the Kentucky General Assembly passed the Kentucky Solid Waste
Disposal Act as found in the Kentucky Revised Statutes (K.R.S.) 211. 700 to 211.730 and
211.992. Under the law, the Solid Waste Program is charged with securing, for the Common-
wealth, the benefits of the Federal Solid Waste Disposal Act as it exists or is amended. This
includes the administration of loans and grants from the federal government and other
sources for carrying out the Comprehensive Solid Waste Program in Kentucky. It also re-
quires that the Solid Waste Program function as the Commonwealth's administrative agent
for statewide, regional, or local planning; demonstration projects; and research and con-
struction loans and grants provided by all agencies of the federal government for solid
waste related projects.
Since enactment of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, the Kentucky State Board of Health
has adopted the following specific administrative regulations:
• SW 1 - Solid Waste Site and Facility Permits
• SW 2 - Sanitary Landfills
"Codification of Solid Wast*. Management Authority in Kentucky. Appendix A.
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• SW 3 - Incineration
• SW 4 - Other Disposal Methods
These regulations and others, which relate to solid waste have been adopted by the
Kentucky State Board of Health, are presented in Appendix A.
The Federal Bureau of Solid Waste Management (HEW) financially assisted the es-
tablishment of the Kentucky Solid Waste Program during its first three years of operation.
Under federal directives, the three-year period was to be devoted to the development of a
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program within the State. Efforts were directed
toward the development of a management plan for the continued operation of the com-
prehensive program. These efforts required evaluating the responsibilities and activities of
the State agencies concerned with various aspects of regulating solid waste practices across
the Commonwealth.
As a result of the Solid Waste Program's planning efforts, several departments as well
as agencies of these Departments have been identified and are listed below. Their func-
tional relationship to solid waste management is outlined later in this Section.
• Kentucky State Department of Health
• Office of the Commissioner
4 Air Pollution Control Commission
4 Water Pollution Control Commission
4 Comprehensive Health Planning Commission
4 Legal Services
4 Local Health Services
• Division of Administrative Services
4 State/Local Budgets and Fiscal Administration Program
4 Central Administration Accounting Program
4 Special Projects Administration Program
4 Personnel Program
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4 Training and Recruitment Program
4 Local Administration Program
• Division of Environmental Health
4 Air Pollution Control Program
4 Environmental Health Services Program
4 Occupational Health Program
4 Plumbing Program
4 Radiological Health Program
4 Sanitary Engineering Program
4 Water Pollution Control Program
• Division of Laboratories
4 Chemistry Section
• Division of Medical Care
4 Health Facilities Program
• Medical Care Standards Program
• Division of Research, Planning and Statistics
4 Research Planning Program
4 Data Processing Program
Kentucky Department of Agriculture
• Division of Livestock Sanitation
• Division of Meat Inspection
• Division of Pest and Noxious Weed Control
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Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources
• Division of Fisheries
Kentucky Department of Highways
• Division of Maintenance
Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals
• Office of the Commissioner
Kentucky Department of Motor Transportation
• Division of Qualifications
• Division of Law Enforcement
Kentucky Department of Natural Resources
• Division of Clean-up and Beautification
• Division of Forestry
• Division of Strip Mining and Reclamation
• Division of Water
Kentucky Department of Public Safety
• Division of State Police
U. S. Department of Agriculture
• Forest Service
Kentucky Program Development Office
• Regional Planning Agencies
Local Governments
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• Counties
• Cities
KENTUCKY STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
The Kentucky State Department of Health, through the Commissioner of Health
and the operating units under his direction has been assigned the responsibilities and func-
tions set forth in K.R.S. 211.005: "... to adequately safeguard the health of all its citizens.'
To accomplish this legislative directive, the State Department of Health, an arm of
the Executive Branch of State government, is organized into the Office of the Commis-
sioner, several divisions, programs, and projects.
The Department is empowered through a variety of General Assembly Acts to under-
take responsibilities related to the regulation of solid waste collection and disposal prac-
tices. These include: K.R.S. 77.005-77.990; 109.080-109.090; 152,120; 152.125;
211.210; 211.700-211.730; 211.992; 216.470; 217.280-217.300; 219.010-219.070;
224.010-224.210.
OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER
The Commissioner of the Kentucky State Department of Health serves as
Secretary of the State Board of Health which was created by the Kentucky General
Assembly. This Board has the authority to:
• Promulgate administrative regulations
• Regulate and control all public health matters
• Develop policies for the establishment of expanded public health programs
The Commissioner also serves as Executive Director of the Kentucky Air Pollu-
tion Control Commission and Executive Secretary of the Kentucky Water Pollution Con-
trol Commission. In addition, he serves as a member of the Comprehensive Health Plan-
ning Council and, as trje Vice Chairman, provides administrative direction to the Compre-
hensive Health Planning Commission.
In addition to their normal service functions, the Air Pollution Control Com-
mission, the Water Pollution Control Commission, and the Comprehensive Health Plan-
ning Commission-o// of which directly affect the activities of the Solid Waste Program-
are administratively attached to the Office of the Commissioner. The Air Pollution
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Control Commission and the Water Pollution Control Commission function through the
Division of Environmental Health and are described as part of that Division's activities.
The Comprehensive Health Planning Commission is the functional arm of the Compre-
hensive Health Planning Council which was created by executive order of the Governor
and includes all State agencies with health interests, voluntary health organizations, pro-
fessional health organizations, professional medical organizations, and educational in-
stitutions.
In the 15 ADD's, Area Comprehensive Health Planning Councils have been
formed to identify health planning needs within each District and to review and recom-
mend programs for improved health related services. The review function specifically
applies to all federally supported plans or programs undertaken within the Districts. In
addition, the Councils can determine local needs and select priorities for federally sup-
ported plan, program, or facilities development. All regional solid waste program develop-
ment activities will be undertaken with the guidance and assistance of the Area Compre-
hensive Health Planning Councils.
To augment area planning efforts for regional solid waste management systems,
the Solid Waste Program and KPDO are preparing Operational Solid Waste Management
System Development Guidelines. These guidelines are being developed in Sections
and will be distributed as they become available. They will contain recommended pro-
cedures for developing and operating solid waste collection and disposal systems and will
provide useful information for community systems or for large regional systems.
In order to coordinate the activities of the Solid Waste Program at the State
and local health department levels, it is necessary for the Solid Waste Program to utilize
those services provided by the Office of the Commissioner through the Offices of Legal
Services and Local Health Services.
Office of Legal Services
The Office of Legal Services assists the Solid Waste Program by:
• Researching and consulting on legislation to be submitted to the Ken-
tucky General Assembly
• Reviewing legislation and providing pertinent legal advice
• Preparing and drafting all rules and regulations relating to public health
Legal services does not handle criminal litigation; all criminal litigation
for the Commonwealth is the responsibility of the Attorney General's Office. The Water
Pollution Control Commission is the only agency within the State Department of Health
authorized by statute to have an Assistant Attorney General.
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Office of Local Health Services
The Office of Local Health Services, on behalf of the Commissioner of
Health, provides leadership, support, and direction to each of the 120 local health depart-
ments in the Commonwealth. It is the responsibility of this office to disseminate all laws,
regulations, guidelines, and standards developed by the Solid Waste Program to the local
health departments. This office also assists the Solid Waste Program in planning, imple-
menting, and evaluating all programs relating to solid waste to be offered through local
health department employees to local citizens.
All regulations of the Solid Waste Program are enforced by the local health
departments. Basic activities related to solid waste practices are carried out by sanitarians
in the 120 counties and include:
• Advising and aiding communities in planning for proper collection and
disposal of solid waste and control of rodents and insects
• Investigating public health nuisances and advising on their abatement
• Discussing sanitation problems with individuals and groups
• Inspecting regularly a variety of public facilities to assure that the State
Health Department regulations are being followed
Local health departments are undergoing a gradual transition to regional
departments. As this process takes place, the environmental health activities can become
a separate program specifically oriented toward the eight program areas of the present
Division of Environmental Health.
The Office of Health Education of Local Health Services assists the Solid
Waste Program by:
• Providing technical library facilities
• Developing and preparing audio-visual training materials
• Distributing the Department's official publications, the quarterly
Bulletin and the bimonthly News & Plans
These publications are sent to 20,000 people across the Commonwealth,
including health professionals and community leaders, and can become a vital tool for
disseminating solid waste information. At the present time, the Solid Waste Program is
being assisted by the Office of Health Education in producing a documentary film on
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solid waste problems in Applachian Kentucky as an educational tool for distribution to
the general public.
On the local level, the Office of Health Education works very closely with
the local health educator who has the responsibility for developing training programs
within counties and communities.
The Office of Records and Reports of Local Health Services has assisted
the Solid Waste Program through its new computerized system for reporting local health
department activities. This system, initiated in July 1968, reports individual activities
performed by local health department employees on a weekly basis. Group activities are
reported on a monthly basis.
Solid waste data in the annual print-out of this material for Fiscal Year
1969 reflected such entries as the number of:
• Investigations
• Plans processed
• Surveys made
• Field visits
• Talks or classes
• Persons in attendance
These data revealed that the 290 local health department sanitarians spent a total of
11,304 man-hours on activities related to solid waste management, or 2.7 percent total
client time not including office visits or phone calls relating to solid waste matters.
These data would be of greater value to the Solid Waste Program if each
monthly print-out could be traced to the reporting county for a specific check on the
nature of the activities performed. The procedures utilized for these purposes will affect
the manner in which the Solid Waste Program's permit records system will be developed.
DIVISION OF ADMINISTRA TIVE SER VICES
The Division of Administrative Services develops and coordinates the adminis-
trative practices, procedures, and control methods for the entire Department of Health.
It also supervises and coordinates all services available to other divisions and their pro-
grams, within both the State and local health departments, to assist them with their bud-
gets, training and recruitment of personnel, and purchasing procedures.
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To coordinate the activities of the Solid Waste Program at the State and local
health department levels, it is necessary for the Solid Waste Program to utilize those ser-
vices provided by the Division of Administrative Services through the offices of:
• State/Local Budgets and Fiscal Administration Program
• Central Administration Accounting Program
• Special Projects Administration Program
• Personnel Program
• Training and Recruitment Program
• Local Administration Program
The functions specified for each of the above-mentioned programs are those
which significantly affect the Solid Waste Program's activities.
State/Local Budgets and Fiscal Administration Program
State/Local Budgets is responsible for the management, disbursement, and
accounting of federal and State monies for the various programs within the State Depart-
ment of Health.
Central Administration Accounting Program
Central Accounting is responsible for maintaining all fiscal records of pur-
chases, sales, fees, disbursements, and income connected with the central operation of the
State Department of Health.
Special Projects Administration Program
Special Projects reviews all project applications; establishes cooperative
budgets; verifies personnel requests; verifies and approves out-of-state travel; reviews
and approves contracts for consulting and professional services; approves and records
all requests for purchases, operating expenses, supplies, and capital outlay expenditures
for each project.
Personnel Program
Personnel maintains records for all State and local health department em-
ployees. It acts as the liaison between the State Department of Personnel, federal and
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other State agencies, employees, the public, and prospective staff members in regard to
specifications, positions, and staffing.
Training and Recruitment Program
Training and Recruitment coordinates and directs the training and re-
cruiting programs for all State and local health department employees.
Local Administration Program
Local Administration provides the overall supervision and coordination of
the 120 local health departments in the State, including staff services and information to
the Director, Office of Local Health, for planning and developing programs.
It is a further responsibility of this office to coordinate the flow of infor-
mation between the local health units and the State Department of Health. The activities
of this office govern the performance capabilities of the Solid Waste Program at the local
level as far as utilization of local health department employees is concerned.
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
The Division of Environmental Health coordinates the work of the eight en-
vironmental health programs and plans for the development and modification of these
programs which include:
• Air Pollution Control
• Environmental Health Services
• Occupational Health
• Plumbing
• Radiological Health
• Sanitary Engineering
• Solid Waste
• Water Pollution Control
The Director of the Division of Environmental Health, who is the Chief Engineer
of the State Department of Health, also serves as Executive Secretary and Executive Officer
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of the Air Pollution Control Commission and as Executive Director of the Water Pollution
Control Commission.
The policies and administrative regulations of the eight environmental health
programs are established by the State Board of Health and administered by the State De-
partment of Health. In practice, however, the Air Pollution Control and Water Pollution
Control Programs' policies and administrative regulations are established by the respective
Commissions and passed to the State Board of Health for execution by the Air Pollution
Control and Water Pollution Control Programs.
Air Pollution Control Program
The Air Pollution Control Commission was established in 1966 under
K.R.S. 224.310 to 224.460 as a separate body within the State Department of Health.
Members of the Commission are:
• The Commissioner of Health
• The Attorney General
• The Commissioner of Commerce
• The Commissioner of Natural Resources
• The Commissioner of Agriculture
• A representative of the general public
• Three representatives of industry
• A representative of an Air Pollution Control District
• A representative of the University of Kentucky College of Engineering
The Commission has the responsibility for establishing its own policies,
procedures, and activities. Through the Commission's Executive Officer, its administra-
tive and technical functions are performed by the Division's Air Pollution Control Pro-
gram.
Pertinent powers of the Air Pollution Control Commission include:
• Issuing, amending, and repealing rules and regulations consistent with
the powers established in K.R.S. 224.310-224.460.
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• Preparing and developing a comprehensive plan, or plans, for the pre-
vention, abatement, and control of air pollution in Kentucky
• Collecting and disseminating information and conducting educational
and training programs relating to air pollution
• Advising, consulting, and cooperating with other agencies
• Establishing, modifying, or amending after public hearing, ambient
air standards and emission standards of various air pollutants
Specifically, the Commission, by regulation, may prohibit the installation,
alteration, or use of any machine, equipment, device, or other article which it finds may
cause or contribute to air pollution. The Commission's intention is to prevent or control
the emission of air contaminants.
A close relationship exists between the activities of the Air Pollution Con-
trol Program and the Solid Waste Program. While the Air Pollution Control Program is
concerned with the design of equipment, etc., which can cause air pollution, the Solid
Waste Program is concerned with safe disposal of residues resulting from the combustion
process. Similarly, when water is used in the process, the Water Pollution Control Pro-
gram is concerned with the safe disposal of resulting liquids.
Environmental Health Services Program
The Environmental Health Services Program is responsible for assuring
that a minimum standard of sanitation is maintained in food preparation and serving
and at all types of facilities open to the public. The three major operational sections
within this program are:
• General Sanitation
• Milk Control
• Food Control
The regulations enforced through this program include the generation
sources and initial storage practices of food processing industries and public facilities
which prepare and serve food. All types of housing facilities open to the public and all
public recreation areas are also inspected by this program. Finally, the Environmental
Health Services Program is responsible for enforcing the Kentucky Statutes relating to
septic tank cleaning and sludge disposal practices.
Through its permits issuance practices, this program has very complete
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files on the public and private economic enterprises related to food processing, as well as
those related to preparing and serving food. While its records include only information on
storage practices for waste at these enterprises, this information will be valuable for identify-
ing these sources. From this information, the Solid Waste Program will be able to trace the
transportation practices currently in use. Then, in coordination with state agencies with
the appropriate regulatory powers, the necessary regulations and enforcement practices
can be developed to assure that the transportation and final disposition of solid waste ma-
terials from these business enterprises do not harm the public or the natural environment.
Occupational Health Program
The Occupational Health Program has two major purposes under the
authority stated in K.R. S. 211.080, K.R.S. 211.180, and K.R.S. 211.990. These include
the prevention of the occurrence or recurrence of occupational diseases, illnesses, and im-
pairments of a non-traumatic nature among all employed workers in the Commonwealth
in all types and places of employment; and, the promotion of health programs and prac-
tices within industry to maintain a higher standard of personal health among employed
persons.
A primary function of this program is to determine health hazards to
workers including the following: inadequate ventilation, high noise levels, exposure to
excessive heat, vibration, pool illumination, and exposure to toxic chemicals. Activities
in this connection include: environmental evaluation, establishment of better industrial
regulations, development of additional informational aids, continued investigation of oc-
cupational diseases, and increased promotion of in-plant health services.
The program routinely evaluates the chemical characteristics of materials
used by industries to determine their occupational hazard potential. Information on
toxicological characteristics of materials used by industries, when properly processed,
can reduce Solid Waste Program efforts needed to identify generation sources and types
of hazardous waste produced by Kentucky industries. Much of the information on the
hazardous characteristics of the various types of industrial materials could be useful in
the development of safety codes for the disposal of such waste materials.
Plumbing Program
The Plumbing Program, which began in 1930, has the responsibility for the
proper installation of sewers and sewage disposal systems. This program inspects and cer-
tifies all new or renovated plumbing systems in counties having a city of the first, second,
third, or fourth class; in all public buildings throughout the Commonwealth; in all cities
where the County Board of Health has adopted the State Plumbing Code as a regulation for
their county; and in all cities where the city has adopted the State Plumbing Code as an
ordinance for the city. The program functions through the study, review, approval, or
disapproval of plans for plumbing installation and evaluation and advice on plumbing
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installation problems involving State departmental agencies, local health departments,
architects, engineers, and the general public. These codes are fully applicable to sanitary
facilities required at sanitary landfill sites.
Radiological Health Program
The Radiological Health Program, through the authority of K.R.S.
152.120-152.125, has the responsibility for assuring that ionizing radiation exposure of
the population is kept to the lowest practical level. The program's activities are directly
concerned with:
• Radioactive materials
• Radiation producing machines
• Environmental contaminants
• Consumer products
• Electronic products
This program has been given the responsibility for regulating the disposal
of radioactive materials in Kentucky. Continued coordination of the Solid Waste Program
with respect to this function is needed. The environmental contaminant studies and
evaluations conducted by this program, properly coordinated with the research efforts of
other programs within the Division of Environmental Health, provide valuable data and
information for use in the Solid Waste Program's efforts.
Sanitary Engineering Program
The Sanitary Engineering Program through the authority of K.R.S.
211.180 has the major responsibility for the bacteriological safety and chemical quality
of public water supplies in the Commonwealth. It is responsible for the proper design,
operation, maintenance, and promotion of all municipal water supplies, including water
districts, fluoridation installations, interstate carrier watering points, and public swimming
pools. Program activities include:
• Review of public water supply and swimming pool plans and specifi-
cations
• Approval, or disapproval, of public water supply and swimming pool
plans and specifications
• Inspection of the above facilities
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• Interpretation of bacteriological and chemical results of water samples
from public water supplies
• Evaluation of water plant operational reports
• Training of water plant operators for certification
In Fiscal Year 1970, about 2 million of the Commonwealth's 3.2 million
citizens were being served by 423 water supply systems. This program has the responsibility
for reviewing solid waste disposal site plans to assure that contaminants from such sites will
not affect public water supply intakes.
Solid Waste Program
During the Solid Waste Program's planning phase, primary attention has
been given to the identification of the manner in which the several State agencies, both
within and without the Department of Health, will influence the Comprehensive Solid
Waste Program. A brief outline of the results of these investigations appears in Section
V of this report entitled Problems and Needs.
A policy established during the planning phase was that of performing
functional activities only in response to complaints received from citizens of Kentucky.
While these activities have resulted in a substantial number of citations, no actions have
yet resulted in formal hearings related to solid waste regulation violations. Upon notifica-
tion of violation, the majority of disposal site operators, public and private, required only
informal hearings to bring their operations into compliance, or to discontinue questioned
operations. Section V of this report, Problems and Needs, will outline essential requisites
for a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program in Kentucky and the functions of
the Solid Waste Program as the administrative instrument for such an effort. The actions
to be taken by the Solid Waste Program will be outlined in Section VI entitled The Ken-
tucky Solid Waste Management Plan.
Under its regulatory authority the Solid Waste Program is responsible for
the safe disposition of solid waste and assuring that solid waste is disposed of only at
sites for which permits have been issued. Normal enforcement would be accomplished
through regional and local health officials and all other law enforcement officials of the
Commonwealth including:
• U. S. Forest Rangers
• State Foresters
• Motor Transportation Law Enforcement Officers
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• State Police
• Conservation Officers
• All local peace officers including sheriffs, magistrates, constables,
county and local police within the areas of their jurisdictions
Local health departments have the authority to issue citations to known
offenders. Law enforcement officers can apprehend for prosecution violators of state and
local codes or ordinances within the areas or scope of their jurisdiction. The Solid Waste
Program, when notified of unauthorized solid waste disposal practices, can issue a notice
to public or private violators to appear for hearing on the violation. If warranted, litigation
against violators would then be undertaken by the Attorney General of the Commonwealth.
Water Pollution Control Program
The Water Pollution Control Commission was established as a separate
body within the State Department of Health by the Kentucky General Assemby in 1950
and functions in accordance with K.R.S. 224.010-224.210. The Commission is an 11-man
body comprised of:
• The Commissioner of Health
• The Commissioner of Natural Resources
• The Commissioner of Fish and Wildlife Resources
• The Commissioner of Commerce
• The Attorney General
• The Chief of the Department of Mines and Minerals
• The Director of the Division of Strip Mining and Reclamation of the
Department of Natural Resources
• One appointed representative of industry
• One appointed representative of municipalities
• One appointed representative of either industry or municipalities
The Commission has the responsibility for establishing its own policies,
procedures, and activities. Through the Commission's Executive Director, who is also
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the Director of the Division of Environmental Health, the administrative and technical
functions of the Commission are performed by the Division's Water Pollution Control
Program.
elude:
Pertinent powers of the Commission as specified in K.R.S. 224.040 in-
• To supervise the administration and enforcement of K.R.S. 224.010-
224.100
• To develop a comprehensive program for the prevention, control,
and abatement of water pollution throughout the Commonwealth
• To advise, consult, and cooperate in carrying out such a program
• To encourage and conduct studies, investigations, research, experi-
ments, and demonstrations to collect and disseminate information
relating to water pollution and its prevention, control, and abate-
ment
• To establish, modify or amend, after public hearing, water quality
standards for the waters of the Commonwealth
• To adopt rules and regulations and conduct hearings and litigate
against violators
• To issue permits for water treatment and sewage treatment facilities
• To investigate and inspect for compliance
• To train sewage plant operators for certification
Included among these powers is the responsibility to regulate the disposi-
tion of other waste (sawdust; bark, or other wood debris; garbage; refuse; ashes; offal;
tar; oil; chemicals; acid drainage; and all other foreign substances not included within
the above definitions of industrial waste and sewage which may cause or contribute to
the pollution of any waters of the Commonwealth), and the regulation of installations
for disposal systems and treatment works.
The Water Pollution Control Commission is extremely important to the
development of adequate safety measures related to the disposal of solid waste. Through
its laboratory and research capabilities, the Commission can undertake the critical evalua-
tions of leachate penetration from dumps of all types and sanitary landfills into surface
and groundwater supplies. These research efforts will be more effective when they become
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more closely coordinated with the federally funded Kentucky Water Resources Institute
now at the University of Kentucky.
Factual information on the character of leachate and its percolation into
groundwater from open-air dumps is limited. Dumps located adjacent to streams, many
of which recharge the groundwater supplies widely used in rural areas, contribute to the
contamination or pollution of these streams. Communities throughout Kentucky use
open dumps for refuse and incinerator or sewage treatment plant residues. Open dumps
are also used by industries of all types and typically are the disposal sites for solid waste,
as defined by the Kentucky Legislature, or fluid waste with high solids content such as
the highly toxic process liquors from chemical plants.
The Solid Waste Program is responsible for identifying potentially hazard-
ous solid waste disposal practices. The Water Pollution Control Commission has the im-
mediate response capability of evaluating the water pollution effects of these practices,
and the two agencies functioning together have sufficient enforcement capability to cor-
rect the hazardous practices. The Kentucky Water Resources Institute, through its
training research capability, can undertake personnel development training and, at the
same time, practical evaluations of long-term water contamination or pollution situations.
DIVISION OF LABORA TORIES
Chemistry Section
The Chemistry Section has the technical capability to provide the Solid
Waste Program with chemical analyses of problem waste and to recommend safe handling
and disposal procedures.
DIVISION OF MEDICAL CARE
Medical Care Standards Program
Medical Care has the responsibility for regulating the 143 hospitals and
114 nursing homes licensed in Kentucky. Included in this function is the responsibility
for the adequate disposition of waste from within these facilities. This program can pro-
vide needed information on the types of waste generated from these facilities, their
volumes, the program's storage requirements, and evaluation procedures. The program
also may be able to provide information on the transportation and final disposition of
solid waste from licensed hospitals and nursing homes. Such information would permit
the Solid Waste Program to determine the locations and methods of final disposition of
solid waste from these facilities in order to assure that the public health and the natural
environment are protected.
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Health Facilities Program
Health Facilities is the agent of the State Board of Health and the Commis-
sioner of Health in the administration of the Kentucky Licensure Law, K.R.S. 216.400 to
216.500 and subsection (2) of K.R.S. 216.900. This legislation and the associated regula-
tions require that all inpatient care facilities meet prescribed minimum rules, regulations,
and standards for construction, maintenance, and operation and that they be licensed by
the State before they serve the public.
The Comprehensive Solid Waste Program's functions would be greatly as-
sisted if this agency has or develops standards and operational regulations that would as-
sure, for new facilities, safe on-site solid waste storage and disposal. The regulations also
should require the safe transportation of solid waste and its ultimate disposal in a per-
mitted disposal site, or by some other method, approved by other agencies of the Com-
monwealth of Kentucky responsible for those forms of ultimate disposal.
DIVISION OF RESEARCH, PLANNING AND STATISTICS
Research Planning Program
Research Planning provides assistance to the various Departmental pro-
grams in developing program planning based upon factual data, new knowledge, and new
methods of application. It provides the means for intercommunication and cooperation
with other agencies, organizations, and individuals providing health services. The program
also stimulates program expansion, new programs, demonstration projects and studies, and
gives assistance in grant project protocol. As a final function, the Research and Planning
Program regularly reviews literature in the health field to find new ways and means to
meet problems and carry out the objectives of Departmental programs.
Data Processing Program
Data Processing is a service program which provides assistance to other
Divisions and Programs in their reporting, processing, and objective evaluations. Included
in their activities are the production of various listings and statistics dealing with disease
and environmental health hazards.
These two activities of the Division of Research Planning and Statistics can
provide valuable assistance to the Solid Waste Program in the development of numerous
routinized information-gathering programs that will be required during the five-year plan
period.
KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
The Kentucky Department of Agriculture has the statutory authority to enforce laws,
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develop policy, promulgate, and promote projects related to agriculture in the Common-
wealth. The Kentucky Revised Statutes related to solid waste practices under the juris-
diction of the Department of Agriculture include: K.R.S. 217.800 to 217.893, 249.400
to 249.430, 257.020 to 257.310, 261.200 to 261.320, and 263.010 to 263.160. These
responsibilities are carried out through the Divisions of Livestock Sanitation, Meat Inspec-
tion, and Pest and Noxious Weed Control.
DIVISION OF LIVESTOCK SANITA TION
The Division of Livestock Sanitation has the responsibility for regulating the
sanitation practices and the health of animals sold at markets. The Division also regulates
the transportation and disposal of animal carcasses and the use of garbage as feed for
swine. The information available through this Division on the locations of animal markets
and the solid waste problems of areas where animals are concentrated will be valuable to
the Solid Waste Program in identifying the problem characteristics and the disposition of
these solid waste materials.
Information available from the Divisions of Livestock Sanitation and Meat In-
spection would enable the Solid Waste Program to trace the movement and final disposi-
tion of the various forms of waste generated at animal markets and processing facilities.
Development of such an information system would enable the Solid Waste Program to
undertake needed regulatory measures within its power, and to transmit to the Air and
Water Pollution Control Commissions, as well as other regulatory agencies, information
that would enable them to take appropriate actions within their jurisdictions.
DI VISION OF ME A T INSPECTION
The Division of Meat Inspection inspects meat packing operations, including
outer premises and storage areas for general sanitation purposes. Information developed
by this Division is important to the Solid Waste Program for identifying the locations of
meat processing facilities, storage practices used at these facilities, and the volumes of
animal product waste generated at each facility. The transportation and final disposition
of these materials must then be determined by the Solid Waste Program.
DIVISION OF PEST AND NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL
As the mosquito and rodent control agency for the Commonwealth, prior to
the closing of disposal sites, the Division of Pest and Noxious Weed Control, upon request,
undertakes the required rodent extermination program.
KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
The Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources was established by the
Kentucky General Assembly in 1952 as noted in K.R.S. 150.021. This Department is
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responsible for the protection, conservation, and restoration of wildlife resources through-
out the Commonwealth. The major programs within the Department include:
• Wildlife research
• Restocking wildlife
• Law enforcement relating to wildlife
• Acquisition of wildlife habitats
• Conservation education
DI VISION OF FISHERIES
The Division of Fisheries is concerned with the location of solid waste disposal
sites where materials or leachate from these sites may pollute surface or groundwaters and
thereby injure wildlife. In addition, the Division is concerned with the possibility of open
dumps acting as focal points where diseases can be transmitted between animals and be-
tween animal and man.
The enforcement responsibilities of the Department are carried out by conserva-
tion officers who may directly apprehend litterers and violators of fish and game regula-
tions. These officers routinely notify the Solid Waste Program of problems relating to
ultimate disposal practices within their jurisdictions.
KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS
The Kentucky Department of Highways has the massive responsibility of removing
litter from more than 25,000 miles of state-maintained roadways. This task costs Ken-
tucky taxpayers millions of dollars each year.
DIVISION OF MAINTENANCE
The Division of Maintenance is responsible for the collection of litter from the
roadways and has already provided the Solid Waste Program with valuable assistance by
identifying almost 800 roadside dumps throughout the Commonwealth. A summary of
illegal dumps on Kentucky highway rights-of-way is presented by ADD in the Main Re-
port Appendix. Under the authority of K.R.S. 433.750, the several district highway engi-
neers can give permission for the use of disposal sites lying wholly within the State high-
way rights-of-way.
The Kentucky Department of Highways also has the regulatory responsibility to
inspect and permit all junkyards which lie within 2,000 feet of State highway rights-of-way.
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KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINERALS
The Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals created according to the provi-
sions of K.R.S. 351.010-351.990 is responsible for:
• Regulating mining practices
• Preventing industrial injuries and fatalities in the mines
• Regulating oil and gas drilling practices directed toward conserving mineral
deposits
• Protecting correlative rights of mineral owners
• Protecting underground mines from wells which penetrate them
Regulation of strip mining is the province of both this Department and the Division
of Strip Mining and Reclamation of the Department of Natural Resources. The Com-
missioner of the Department of Mines and Minerals is a member of the Strip Mining and
Reclamation Commission pursuant to the authority set forth in K.R.S. 352.010 to
352.990.
The Department is closely affiliated with the Water Pollution Control Commission,
of which the Commissioner of the Department is a member. The Department is required
to make recommendations to the Water Pollution Control Commission concerning disposal
of salt water and oil field waste.
Information on the location of mining operations and orphaned mining areas from
this Department will be needed by the Solid Waste Program during its efforts to determine
the magnitude of waste problems across the Commonwealth. The Department of Mines
and Minerals will also be able to provide important data on the toxicological characteris-
tics of many types of waste.
KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR TRANSPORTATION
The Kentucky Department of Motor Transportation was created in 1950 as a Statu-
tory Agency with five Divisions:
• Division of Qualifications
• Division of Law Enforcement
• Division of Hearings
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• Division of Rates and Services
• Division of Administrative Services
K.R.S. 281.595 to 281.806 provide the Department with the authority to regulate the
operation of all motor vehicles used for hire to transport persons or property upon the
highways of the Commonwealth.
DIVISION OF QUALIFICA TIONS
The Division of Qualifications supervises the sale of commercial license plates
for trucks and is the major tax-collecting agent for certificates, permits, and operational
fees. Through the records of this Division, the Solid Waste Program will be able to identify
truck fleets engaged in the transportation of solid waste.
DIVISION OF LA W ENFOR CEMENT
This Division enforces all motor transportation laws. The Division's field per-
sonnel carry all the powers of peace officers with respect to violations relating to the
operation of motor vehicles.
KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
The Kentucky Department of Natural Resources was created according to K.R.S.
146.010. The Department has the authority to exercise all administrative functions of
the Commonwealth relating to:
• Conservation and protection of natural resources, except wildlife
• Flood control for all purposes
• Water usage for municipal and industrial purposes
• Strip mining and reclamation
The functions and duties of the Department are executed by the five Divisions and their
advisory bodies and include:
• Division of Clean-up and Beautification
• Division of Forestry
• Division of Water
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• Division of Soil and Water Conservation
• Division of Strip Mining and Reclamation
Only the Division of Soil and Water Conservation is not directly concerned with some as-
pect of regulating or controlling the disposal of solid waste.
DI VISION OF CLEAN- UP AND BEA UTIFICA TION
The primary function of this Division, created by executive order in 1960, is to
develop solutions to problems of junk, litter, and run-down properties that blight the Ken-
tucky landscape. Its primary activities are educational through the development of infor-
mation, guidance, and training sessions for local groups. Heavy emphasis is placed upon
statewide campaigns and other promotional efforts to beautify Kentucky.
Through close coordination with the Solid-Waste Program, both agencies can
develop a more complete public education effort than either can accomplish alone. This
Division has developed and emphasized educational and promotional efforts among local
groups. The Solid Waste Program is developing the technical capabilities required to
understand the operational requirements for providing safe means for disposing of society's
discards.
DI VISION OF FORESTR Y
The Division of Forestry is charged by statute K.R.S. 149.010 with the respon-
sibility for protecting, developing, and perpetuating all forest lands in the Commonwealth.
In Kentucky, forests cover 11.9 million acres, or 36 percent of the State's total land area.
This Division performs such functions as setting standards relating to the operation of ulti-
mate solid waste disposal sites within or adjacent to forests. It also administers forestry
regulations relating to solid waste and routinely inspects disposal sites to enforce forestry
regulations. The Division of Forestry's standards are being incorporated in the procedures
for evaluating permit requests for ultimate disposal sites.
DIVISION OF STRIP MINING AND RECLAMA TION
This Division is responsible for controlling the recovery of all hard minerals
other than coal and clay by surface mining methods. Within Kentucky, there are 111
mining companies working 183 operational sites on 11,980 acres of land. The Division's
intent is to reduce the damaging influences of surface mining activities to the natural en-
vironment through sound scientific principles.
The Division is the operational section of the Reclamation Commission com-
prised of:
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• The Commissioner of Natural Resources
• The Commissioner of Mines and Minerals
• The Director of the Division of Strip Mining and Reclamation
The Commission has the power to draft regulations intended to minimize and prevent the
injurious effects of unregulated strip mining on the people and resources of Kentucky.
The Solid Waste Program is charged with the control of discarded materials resulting
from mining operations. The Program's efforts to survey these waste throughout the Com-
monwealth in order to identify potential hazards resulting from their location or chemical
characteristics will require substantial assistance from the Reclamation Commission and the
Division of Strip Mining and Reclamation.
DI VISION OF WA TER
The Division of Water has jurisdiction over the development of all streams and
floodways within the Commonwealth. It is the official State agency for a wide range of
water-related activities including all flood control and water resources projects which in-
volve State or federal funds.
The principal activities and responsibilities of the Division include:
• Regulating all construction in the floodplains of streams
• Regulating water withdrawals from all surface and groundwater sources
• Planning and construction of small impoundments and other works for
water supply, flood control, and recreation
• Planning for statewide and local water resources development
• Providing information to the public
Included in the activities of the Division is the development of a computerized
Water Management Information System which will include data for Kentucky on:
• Population
• Employment by 19 industrial categories
• Water demand
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• Water availability
• Water quality
• Recreation
• Flood control
Information from this system can be obtained by urban place, county, watersheds, sub-
basins, and Area Development Districts. Information is also recorded by latitude and
longitude to the minute or to within approximately one mile of its physical location.
Once data are referenced by coordinates, they can be related and accumulated by any of
the geographic areas included in the system.
The variety and volume of information required by the Solid Waste Program
can be systematically developed according to the structure of the Water Management In-
formation System. The long-term requirements of the Solid Waste Program can only be
met through the use of a rationally organized data processing system that permits rapid
evaluation and retrieval of information from any place within the Commonwealth.
KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY
DI VISION OF STA TE POLICE
The Kentucky Department of Public Safety, through its Division of State
Police, is charged with the enforcement of litter laws along Kentucky highway rights-of-
way, in streams, along stream banks, or on the ice over any body of water. These powers
are defined in K.R.S. 189.150, 189.751, 433. 750, 433. 753, 438.060. Under K.R.S. 16.130,
the Department also cooperates with all State agencies to enforce the laws of the Common-
wealth.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
FOREST SERVICE
The U. S. Forest Service regulates the development and use of all ultimate solid
waste disposal sites within the national forests. The Forest Service will permit the use of
national forest lands for disposal sites in those areas where such lands encompass most of
the local political jurisdiction. The Forest Service has its own permit requirements for
public or private bodies that wish to develop ultimate solid waste disposal sites on U. S.
forest lands.
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The Solid Waste Program utilizes information available from the Forest Service
to maintain an accounting of the several ultimate disposal sites presently located within
the substantial national forest lands in Kentucky. Through greater coordination, the two
agencies can more adequately provide their respective services to the general public.
KENTUCKY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
The Kentucky Program Development Office (KPDO) was established by executive
order of the Governor in June of 1968 to concentrate in a single unit a strong areawide
organization which could perform and assist local area planning. In 1970, the Kentucky
General Assembly formalized KPDO through House Bill 176 under K.R.S. Chapter 147-A
as an Office to act for the Governor on programs relating to State development.
The Director of KPDO, as a special assistant to the Governor, acts as the Secretary
of the State Planning Committee, coordinates, and provides liaison with State and federal
agencies with respect to specific federal-state programs. Among its powers, the legislation
permits KPDO to:
• Designate development areas and organizations
• Approve Area Development programs
• Provide the State's approval to proposals for federal agencies when State approval
is required by federal laws, unless otherwise provided by K.R.S.
• Provide that final determination and certification of such proposals shall be at the
discretion of the unit submitting the proposal
• Aid local units of government by disseminating technical information
• Provide liaison between local governments, Area Development Councils and Dis-
tricts, and the State government
• Conduct and supervise projects assigned by the Governor
This agency has coordinated the efforts to establish 15 Area Development Districts
(ADD's) in the 120 counties within the Commonwealth. The Solid Waste Program is co-
operating with KPDO with the development of information and other forms of technical
assistance to the various local governments encompassed within these Districts. Through
this cooperative effort, the two agencies are endeavoring to establish coordinated area-
wide collection and disposal of solid waste. As a result of their cooperation, solid waste
management requirements are rapidly becoming a part of the urban planning process and
the development efforts of regional agencies.
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REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES
The 15 Area Development Districts (ADD's) are keystones of the overall develop-
ment program in Kentucky. It is their purpose to enhance the development opportunities
in their respective areas by organizing the whole range of federal and State programs that
affect each District. Through coordination, efforts can be made to solve the growing num-
ber of problems that extend beyond the jurisdictions of individual governmental units.
The ADD's provide the means for assembling the Areas's community and county leaders
in order that they may work together toward the solution of their community and county
problems.
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
COUNTIES
For any public project, a fiscal court may acquire or condemn land, issue reve-
nue or general obligation bonds, and levy property taxes to pay for the projects. These
powers generally are included in K.R.S. 67.085, 58.020, 68.090, 68.125, and 103.290;
Counties containing at least 50,000 population (K.R.S. 68.198} may levy occupational
taxes. K.R.S. 68.180 provides these same powers for counties with more than 300,000
population.
The Kentucky Revised Statutes do not specify solid waste services as a public
project and within a fiscal court's power. The Kentucky Court of Appeals has permitted
a fiscal court to issue bonds to pay for a county incinerator, thus a fiscal court apparently
can engage in such services. Specific, authority has been given counties to perform these
services by being part of an Urban Services District (K.R.S. 108.070) or a Garbage Dis-
posal District (K.R.S. 109.020).
Although a fiscal court does not have the power to abate nuisances to health,
the county attorney shall prosecute all violations of Kentucky's public health laws
(K.R.S. 211.240), and local health units may enforce their local regulations (K.R.S.
217.245) and abate nuisances (K.R.S. 213.210).
CITIES
All classes of cities may issue bonds (K.R.S. 58.020) and use general funds to
pay for public projects (K.R.S. 58.130). A city's general powers allow it to acquire land
(K.R.S. 65.010) for and engage in solid waste services. All cities may levy taxes authorized
by the Kentucky Constitution (K.R.S. 92.281).
Garbage collection is a normal municipal function and, therefore, constitutes a
public project. In first-class cities, the responsibility for garbage collection by statute is
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placed in the Department of Sanitation (K.R.S. 83.171}. In other cities, this service can
be performed directly or be franchised to a private concern. The statutes which confer
these general powers to cities are:
• 1st Class-/:./?.S. 83.010
• 2nd Class-/:. ^.5. 84.150
• 3rd Class-K.R.S. 85.170
• 4th Class-K.R.S. 86.110
• 5th Clas&-K.R.S. 87.070
• 6thClass-K.R.S. 88.080
In addition, a city may utilize the Garbage Disposal Act (K.R.S. 94.280 to 94.287) to pro-
vide such services. This Act, coupled with the power of the first-class city (K.R.S. 93.100)
and the second- through sixth-class cities (K.R.S. 94.280) to acquire garbage dumps, con-
stitutes an alternative legal base for providing such services. Finally, a city may be part of
an Urban Services District or a Garbage Disposal District.
All cities have the power to enact ordinances to protect and abate conditions
endangering public health. All City Attorneys are to enforce the Kentucky public health
laws (K.R.S. 211.240); City Health Boards are to abate nuisances according to State
health laws and local health regulations (K.R.S. 212.210). The statutes authorizing these
general powers are:
• \stOass-K.R.S. 82.172
• 2ndClass-K.R.S. 84.210 and 84.220
• 3rd Class-/:./?.S. 85.120 and 85.180
• 4th C]*ss-K.R.S. 86.140 and 86.150
• 5th C\3iS&-K.R.S. 87.070
• 6th Q&ss-K.R.S. 88.080
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V. PROBLEMS AND NEEDS
INTRODUCTION
A Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program for Kentucky must be oriented
toward both the management practices needed to provide solid waste collection and dis-
posal services and the regulation of these services to assure that the public health and
natural environment are protected. This Section outlines the primary problems and needs
related to both of these requirements.
Solid waste problems are public health problems that are related to most other areas
of public health concern. For example, indiscriminate disposal of solid waste can result in
epidemics originating from associated toxicosis or zoonosis conditions. They are also na-
tural environment problems that directly affect all areas of Kentucky's environment-a/r,
land, and water. The solutions to these problems cannot be treated independently. While
a community or county generates its own waste, there are few political units in Kentucky
that can independently dispose of this waste safely and economically. Similarly, the regu-
lation of these practices by the State or local jurisdictions cannot be accomplished effec-
tively and fairly through independent actions by the existing welter of regulatory agencies.
The solutions can only be developed through common understanding of the existing and
potential problems and through coordinated efforts of both public and private groups.
The development of a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program will require
a systematic approach to the identification and rectification of specific problems within
the 15 Area Development Districts (ADD's) and in local areas. This Section illustrates
the need for coordinated actions among State agencies and local governments. Section
VI of this report focuses upon how the Solid Waste Program in the Kentucky State De-
partment of Health is responding to its role in Kentucky's Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Program. The problems outlined in this Section will clearly illustrate that
the Solid Waste Program will require substantial assistance in order to accomplish its
purpose. Solid waste management problems are too diverse and too complex for any
single program in any Division of any Department of State government to solve.
KENTUCKY'S ENVIRONMENT
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Sanitary landfills are the main form of ultimate disposal acceptable to the Ken-
tucky State Department of Health, and their development depends entirely upon local
terrain, soils, and geology. With roughly 40,000 square miles of area, Kentucky's land
surface is highly complex. Its northern and western boundaries are river valleys which
vary from the generally narrow, steeply banked Ohio River Valley to the broad, flat,
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alluvial plains of the Mississippi River Valley. In the southeastern corner of Kentucky
are true mountains which set the stage for the broad belt of badly dissected plateaus
which sweep the eastern and southern third of the State. Large, eroded basins and more
dissected plateaus with numerous escarpments and steep-banked streams complete the
general Kentucky landscape. With the exception of a few areas like the Central Blue-
grass Region, the upland areas throughout Kentucky generally have shallow soils, while
river floodplains with deep soils have characteristically high water tables.
Problem: The safe selection, development, and operation of ultimate
solid waste disposal sites requires substantial technical evaluation,
sound engineering, and careful operational practices.
Need: To develop means for safely and efficiently selecting ultimate
solid waste disposal sites, and assuring that they are properly engineered
and operated,
Action: The Solid Waste Program and the Kentucky Program Develop-
ment Office are preparing guidelines for the location and development
of sanitary landfills.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Kentucky is a pioneer state where farming has been a way of life for almost two
centuries. Today, the population of Kentucky is still widely dispersed. Urban centers are
small, and in 1960 the majority of the people still lived outside of cities. Most Kentucky
counties are small-the 1960 Census recorded less than 20,000 persons in over 70 percent
of the counties.
Problem: Neither the average city nor county can provide adequate
solid waste collection and disposal services for its citizens.
Need; To coordinate the activities of communities and counties in
cooperative efforts as a means for establishing adequate leadership,
financial, and technical capabilities for providing needed services.
Action: The Kentucky Program Development Office (KPDO) has
established 15 Area Development Districts (ADD's) across the Com-
monwealth and are establishing planning guideline materials for their
use. To function within these Districts, development planning groups
and Comprehensive Health Planning groups are already being formed
and some are functioning.
Action: As a primary organization concerned with solid waste man-
agement in Kentucky, the Solid Waste Program must develop a rou-
tine capability for assisting planning and development groups, public
and private, in their efforts to expand and improve solid waste collec-
tion and disposal services within the 15 ADD's.
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Existing solid waste management practices are well-established throughout Ken-
tucky. Improved practices have a higher direct cost than indiscriminate dumping along
roadways or on some remote hillside, but total direct and indirect costs to Kentucky for
open dumping are great. The income of the average Kentucky family in comparison with
most other states is relatively small. The level of urban services provided in the typical
small community in the Commonwealth is much less than those available in large urban
centers. Low family income, small communities, and widely dispersed economic activi-
ties all result in a small economic base for the average political unit. These same factors
also contribute to the general unwillingness of community and county fiscal courts to
either provide improved services or attempt to increase local taxes.
Problem: While community and county leaders and many individuals
would like to have improved solid waste services, the fear of increased
taxes and increased living costs restrains individuals and many politi-
cal leaders realistically fear the loss of their positions.
Need; Find means for providing expanded and improved solid waste
collection and disposal services at reasonable costs and overcome local
fears through systematic educational and informational efforts.
Action: Through the various local planning and development groups,
both KPDO and the Solid Waste Program must provide various forms
of technical assistance to improve and expand services at reasonable
costs, and to overcome local fears through systematic educational
and informational efforts.
Problem: Existing cities provide collection and disposal services to
only a small part of Kentucky's population, and these services gen-
erally exclude hazardous waste generated by industries. Much of the
urban growth is occurring outside of incorporated areas where local
governments have generally ignored the problem. In some places
where services could be provided profitably, private enterprise has
filled the needed gap, but adequate collection and disposal services
are not available to much of Kentucky's population.
Problem: The interspersing of subdivisions, industries, and agricul-
tural activities in urban fringe areas pose a variety of public health
hazards. Open dumps comprised of household waste create wide-
spread vector problems. Mosquitoes and flies are known to migrate
miles from dump sites. Rats nest in open dumps and can be expected
to migrate as much as five miles from their nesting areas in search of
food. Other vermin have similar habits. Birds also feed on putrescible
materials at dump sites. All of these-m-secte, birds, and animals-are
known carriers of disease. Open dumps serve as focal points for the
exchange of disease among the various forms of animal life which
frequent such sites.
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Problem: Industrial materials, even incinerated waste, openly dumped
in urban fringe areas may be pathologically or toxicologically hazard-
ous. Uncontrolled access to industrial waste dumps can result in
disease or injury to children or other scavengers. Moreover, such
dumps may result in poisoning of wildlife both at the site and by the
movement of leachates in surface or groundwater.
Problem: Incinerator residue piles can be more dangerous than other
forms of refuse because they give the illusion of safety from path-
ological materials. Numerous studies since 1965 have shown that
pathological materials can survive operational incineration practices.
Other studies have shown that sterile residues can be rapidly repopu-
lated with pathogenic materials from the air and wildlife. More im-
portantly, rainwater leaching through incinerator residues normally
generates both soluble and insoluble pollutant materials.
Problem: Animal and vegetable waste from agricultural activities
normally harbor a variety of fungal, bacterial, and viral agents,
many of which are directly transmissible to humans. As one ex-
ample, histoplasmosis is an infection that can be contracted from
fungus agents typically found in poultry and animal manures and
can be fatal to infants and small children. The disease apparently
can be transmitted by birds and animals and as fungus spores through
the air or water.
Need: Solid waste collection and disposal services on a regular, at
least weekly, schedule are essential in all densely settled areas re-
gardless of political jurisdictions.
Need: Open dumps of all types must be eliminated to protect the
public health and the natural environment.
Action: Local and regional planning and development groups, in-
cluding private collectors and disposal site operators, are being en-
couraged by the Solid Waste Program to undertake a multi-pronged
program of:
• Unifying local leadership to focus upon solid waste problems
• Overcoming the traditional fears associated with new and
more costly urban services
• Unifying public and private solid waste management practices
so that each can contribute to expanded and improved solid
waste collection and disposal services
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• Familiarizing the public with the numerous problems associated
with solid waste disposal and its direct relation to both air and
water pollution
Action: The Solid Waste Program and KPDO will have to work to-
gether to establish essential coordination and cooperation among the
numerous State agencies with both direct and indirect responsibili-
ties for the control of the above problems.
Action: The Solid Waste Program, assisted by KPDO, through the
Area Development, Comprehensive Health Planning and Environ-
mental Resources Councils, will have to provide local areas with
needed information on the nature of solid waste problems and the
means available to solve these problems.
GENERATION SOURCES
Information on solid waste generation in Kentucky is still rudimentary. Only a few
larger cities have made attempts to measure the volume of solid waste generated within
their jurisdictions. Very few cities have a complete knowledge of the composition and
volumes of waste generated within their areas. Therefore, the relative amount of the vari-
ous types of solid waste that result from the daily living in a Kentucky community can only
be approximated. Information on solid waste generated outside of Kentucky cities is still
virtually nonexistent.
Based upon estimates for the nation, solid waste from the urban areas make up about
seven percent of the total volume generated each day.* Waste from the nation's industrial
and manufacturing concerns comprise another three percent of the total. Roughly 58 per-
cent of the total daily volume is animal and vegetable waste from agricultural activities.
Waste from the various mineral industries, including mining, milling, and processing indus-
tries, generate almost 31 percent of the total volume of each day's solid waste.
The amount of solid waste being generated daily in Kentucky by each of these gener-
al groups is still largely unknown. Therefore, their effects upon the public health and
natural environment are largely unknown.
COMMUNITIES
Solid waste collection and disposal has been largely recognized as a city prob-
lem. Usually where businessmen from the trade and services sector comprise the bulk of
a town's leadership, the community has recognized the need to provide service to the
"Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President. Sol id Waste Management: A Comprehensive
of Solid Waste Problems. Practices, and Needs. (Washington, D. C., May 1969), p. 7.
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commercial sector. Most communities have only a few industries, and because their waste
is sometimes unusual and hazardous, industries generally have had to provide their own
means of disposal.
Wherever urban growth has occurred, the city fringes, largely outside of the incor-
porated areas, tend to expand most rapidly. Much of this fringe area growth in Kentucky
has resulted in an interspersing of suburban, residential, and industrial development with
existing agricultural activities. Many agricultural activities are specialty enterprises, such
as dairies, poultry producers, and animal feeding operations, which have traditionally dis-
posed of their waste on remote parts of the farm. In addition, many suburban households
and most industries must find their own means for disposing of their solid waste.
Changing trends in the American way of life have also resulted in a change in the com-
position of the typical household's solid waste. New materials appear regularly and in-
dustry's planned-product obsolescence results in a bewildering variety of discarded ma-
terials. Garbage as a component of household refuse is declining while packaging ma-
terials have increased the combustible content of refuse. In addition, increased use of
aluminium and plastics have resulted in new discard materials that are not biodegradable
and when combusted, many plastics generate highly undesirable by-products. As a result
of the increasing volumes and types of solid waste materials being generated in communi-
ties, the collection and safe disposal of these waste becomes more difficult. The result
is that solid waste handlers injury rates are among the highest of any occupation in the
nation. Community costs for collection and disposal of solid waste, when all costs are
considered, have become one of the leading items in every community's budget.
Problem: Community collection of solid waste in Kentucky is a
dangerous occupation and a high-cost budget item that generally has
been taken for granted by many community leaders. Few communi-
ties provide complete collection services to household, commercial
and industrial establishments.
Need: The high cost of solid waste collection can only be reached
through the concerted efforts of community leaders to plan and
initiate more effective management practices.
Action: The Solid Waste Program, assisted by the Kentucky Program
Development Office, has technical information in preparation that
will assist local leaders in evaluating their needs and undertaking pro-
grams to improve services.
INDUSTRIES
Kentucky is an industrial State, and industrial process or manufacturing waste
comprises a very significant portion of the total waste generated in the Commonwealth.
Industrial waste is of many types and must be handled according to the composition and
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volume generated at each establishment. Some of this waste is putrescible, some is toxic,
and some becomes toxic or volatile when combined with other materials.
Problem: The Solid Waste Program has little information on the
composition and volume of industrial process waste generated in
Kentucky. Little information is available on the composition and
amount of industrial waste taken to ultimate disposal sites, and
only a very few industries have obtained Kentucky State Health
Department permits for on-site disposal.
Need: Industrial establishments should be regularly inspected to de-
termine the composition and volume of waste being generated, how
these waste are being transported over Kentucky highways, and how
they are being disposed of or destroyed.
;tion: The four regulatory agencies within the Division of Environ-
mental Health, Kentucky State Department of Health, will have to
coordinate activities and participate in a unified evaluation of waste
generated by Kentucky industries.
• The Occupational Health Program is concerned with the com-
position of industrial process materials in terms of worker
safety. This program already has files on the composition of
hazardous materials used in Kentucky process industries.
• The Air Pollution Control Program which functions for the
Kentucky Air Pollution Control Commission, is concerned
with the incineration processes used to destroy industrial
waste materials.
• The Water Pollution Control Program which functions for the
Kentucky Water Pollution Control Commission, is concerned
with liquid industrial waste and with leachates produced from
industrial solid waste disposal sites.
• The Solid Waste Program is concerned with identifying the
composition and volume of the industrial process waste
generated as well as their manner of disposition.
A coordinated effort among these four programs to develop the needed infor-
mation and establish unified regulations for safety codes for all forms of industrial process
waste is essential to the protection of the public health and the natural environment. The
investigation and regulation of industrial waste by these four programs must be integrated
and must function as a unified industrial waste material safety program if the best interest
of Kentucky citizens are to be served.
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AGRICULTURE
The primary agricultural and forest waste includes:
• Animal manures
• Forest debris and orchard prunings
• Harvested crop residues
• Animal and poultry carcasses
• Greenhouse waste
• Pesticide containers
The Division of Forestry, Kentucky Department of Natural Resources, has made estimates
of debris remaining after forestry operation, but little meaningful information is available
on the generation of other forms of agricultural waste.
Problem: While a substantial portion of Kentucky's agricultural
activity is carried on in close proximity to the Commonwealth's
suburban population, there is a gross lack of information on the
waste disposal practices and the effects of these practices upon
the public health.
Need: An interagency investigation of the interrelationships of ag-
ricultural waste and urban living should be conducted.
Action: Based upon the findings of an investigation of agricultural
waste-urban living relationships, the Solid Waste Program, in coopera-
tion with the Kentucky Department of Agriculture and other affected
State or local agencies, will then establish needed regulatory measures.
MINERALS
Kentucky is the nation's second largest producer of coal, ball clay, and fluorspar.
Barite, zinc, limestone, dimension stone, sand, and gravel are among the other major
minerals extracted and processed in the Commonwealth. The amount of waste material
generated by mineral industries is prodigious and resulting pollution problems are quite
apparent.
Problem: The waste produced by Kentucky's mineral industries are
largely solid waste, but because of their usually remote locations, the
resultant air and water pollution have been the main problems brought
to the attention of Kentucky citizens.
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Need: The solid waste problems directly associated with mineral
industry activities must be more clearly outlined and the industrial
activities more adequately controlled.
Action: The Kentucky Reclamation Commission, a coordinated ef-
fort between the Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals and
the Kentucky Department of Natural Resources, along with the
Kentucky Air and Water Pollution Control Commissions, has been
focusing upon Kentucky's mining problems and is drafting new
mining regulations. The Solid Waste Program can usefully partici-
pate in the preparation of these new regulations.
Problem: The Solid Waste Program does not have adequate infor-
mation on the location of existing mineral operations in Kentucky,
nor the composition and volume of solid waste being generated by
the various mining, milling, and processing activities related to miner-
al production.
Need: The Solid Waste Program, with assistance from the Division
of Strip Mining and Reclamation, should determine the types and
magnitudes of solid waste problems resulting from Kentucky's
mineral industry activities.
Action: The Solid Waste Program will undertake a program to iden-
tify and evaluate the composition and volume of solid waste being
generated by the various mining, milling, and mineral-processing es-
tablishments in Kentucky as part of the essential industrial survey.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The management of solid waste collection and disposal over much of Kentucky is
generally inadequate or nonexistent. Most generators of solid waste dispose of discard
materials by the most convenient means available to them. A complete survey of illegal
roadside dumps would undoubtedly identify more than 1,000 such sites. In the past, any
convenient out-of-the way place has been used. For many years, the nearby stream bed
has been considered a highly suitable disposal site, because once or twice a year flood-
waters would carry the waste away. A view of any of the new Corps of Engineers flood
control dams after a heavy rainfall will illustrate the prevalence of this practice. After a
particularly heavy stonn, it is quite common to see a large area behind these dams com-
pletely choked with floating refuse and garbage. No effort has yet been made to deter-
mine the losses to Kentucky's recreational potential because of these practices.
COLLECTION AND TRANSPOR TA TION
Many urban Kentuckians' concern for solid waste disposal ends at the trash
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can. Many others act as their own collectors and carry their waste to their customary
disposal site-usually the nearest roadside location, or the nearby stream bed. Very often,
in many communities, little regard is given to the quality of the available collection. Few
efforts are made to plan for more efficient collection services even though collection costs
account for 75 to 80 percent of the total solid waste service costs. The public generally is
not aware that their present solid waste collection and disposal service, when all costs are
considered, often rank immediately behind education and road maintenance in the annual
community budget. In addition, from national information available, it is apparent that
solid waste collectors have one of the highest occupational injury rates in the nation and
this contributes to the high cost of collection service.
Problem: The collection and transportation of solid waste is a hazardous
occupation and a high-cost service. Yet communities generally have
given little attention to improving the efficiency of present collection
or to the means for improving or expanding this basic service.
Need: Local planning and development groups and local governments
with assistance from the Solid Waste Program should undertake the
planning and development of cooperative interjurisdictional collec-
tion and transportation services for both urban and rural populations
within these jurisdictions.
Need: Private industries engaged in collection and transportation of
solid waste should be encouraged to participate in the planning and
development of expanded and improved services, and by franchises
or contract, in the operation of services when such methods provide
the most efficient and effective service.
Need: A complete guideline procedure document, or set of docu-
ments, is needed to enable regional and local development groups to
determine the least costly and most effective methods for providing
collection and transportation services for solid waste. These guide-
lines should include procedures for operating and maintaining effic-
ient urban and rural systems.
Action: The Solid Waste Program will undertake a staff development
program that will permit it to effectively provide assistance to com-
munities and regions for both planning and development of expanded
operational solid waste collection and transportation systems.
Action: The Solid Waste Program and the Kentucky Program Develop-
ment Office are developing guideline information that can be used by
local and regional groups to estimate costs for providing expanded and
improved collection services.
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PROCESSING
Within Kentucky, 12 cities have centralized solid waste processing units. Eleven
of these facilities are municipal incinerators. One community has established a transfer
station which compacts the community refuse for transportation to an ultimate disposal
site. Central pulverization or shredding units have not yet become established practices
in Commonwealth communities.
On the average, roughly 75 percent of the general refuse collected by a com-
munity from commercial and household sources is combustible. Efficient incineration
can reduce combustible refuse to less than 25 percent of its original volume. Therefore,
in terms of the total volume of materials normally collected by communities, incinera-
tion can reduce the total volume of general community solid waste that must be disposed
of by more than one-half.
Incineration is a high-cost waste reduction process. When operational, main-
tenance, capital, and administrative costs are fully considered, incinerator costs of between
$6 and $12 per ton of refuse input can be expected. Operational costs alone range
between $3 and $6 per ton of material incinerated. In larger cities across the nation where
stringent air pollution control regulations are enforced, air pollution control equipment
has resulted in costs ranging to about $12 per ton of material incinerated.
Shredders and pulverizers are relatively new to municipal solid waste reduction
practices. Their costs, too, are high, but Bureau of Solid Waste Management Demonstra-
tion projects indicate that total costs approximating incinerator operational costs can be
expected. Shredders and pulverizers cannot reduce solid waste materials much below 50
percent of their original volume. However, the demonstration projects indicate that the
equipment can accept a wide variety of both combustible and non-combustible material
and reduce them to small, easily handled sizes that can be incorporated into sanitary
landfills.
Studies by the Bureau of Solid Waste Management (HEW) in 1967 showed that
even in modern incinerators pathogenic materials can survive the incineration process
under operational conditions. A variety of studies has shown that under carefully con-
trolled operational conditions, one to three percent of the residue will consist of putre-
scible materials. More importantly, very recent studies of incineration processes have
identified numerous chemical reactions that occur during the combustion of mixed re-
fuse. These studies clearly illustrate that chlorides, sulfides, and sulfates of many ma-
terials are created in normal municipal incinerator residues. Some of these materials
are highly toxic, some are water soluble and, when leached from incinerator residue
piles, can contaminate nearby surface and groundwaters.
Problem: Insufficient information exists or is in usable form to de-
termine the merits and problems associated with the various forms
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of solid waste processing techniques and how these techniques can
best be used for the reduction of solid waste materials.
Need: An in-depth interagency evaluation, utilizing the research
capabilities of Kentucky educational institutions, should be con-
ducted immediately to determine the merits and problems assoc-
iated with the various forms of solid waste processing techniques
and how these techniques can best be used for the reduction of
solid waste materials,
Action: The Solid Waste Program, supported by the several State
agencies concerned with solid waste reduction processes, will develop
a comprehensive research program on the effects of these processes
on the public health and the natural environment. This program
should utilize the various capabilities within the State universities.
RECYCLING
Recycling refers to the utilization and salvage of materials from solid waste. In-
dustries often internally recycle materials; however, this waste is seldom considered as
discard materials. The greater concern is for materials that can be reclaimed by some type
of conversion for use once they have been discarded.
Recycling through reclamation of discarded materials is currently being carried
on by scavengers at local dumps across Kentucky. Organized business operations related
to salvaging materials is carried on in some of the larger urban centers, but these opera-
tions generally are keyed to industrial process waste.
The reclamation of material from discarded materials is directly related to the
market value of the reclaimed material. The market value of traditional salvage mate-
rials-steel, bottles, paper, and rubber— generally declined throughout the 1960's; and
reclamation operations on a business scale often became unprofitable. Reclamation as
a profitable operation is largely dependent upon the development of labor-saving devices
and the availability of large quantities of recoverable material in a relatively pure or easily
separable form.
Problem: Generally, current solid waste collection practices across
much of Kentucky lack the coordination necessary for firms to es-
tablish profitable business operations dependent upon materials re-
claimed from community waste.
Need: The establishment of Districtwide or multi-District collection
and hauling systems will tend to permit greater reclamation of selected
solid waste materials. The feasibility of considering expanded reclama-
tion practices as part of the means for paying for large-scale collection
and haul systems should be determined.
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Action: The Solid Waste Program will include this need in its re-
search requirements program and encourage and assist the univer-
sities and others with research capabilities to review existing research
and perform the needed investigations related to the reclamation of
solid waste.
DISPOSAL
Disposal is the final step for all discarded materials whether they are general
household waste, other forms of raw refuse, industrial process materials, sewage sludge,
incinerator residue, compost waste, or construction waste. Disposal techniques commonly
used in Kentucky are open dumping, open burning, mulching, land spreading, animal
feeding, and sanitary landfilling. Open dumping and open burning are traditional prac-
tices in many communities, while mulching, land spreading, and animal feeding have been
widely used in agricultural and rural areas.
Sanitary landfilling is a disposal method recommended by the Bureau of Solid
Waste, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW); and it is also generally
recommended as the desirable method for the disposal of general community waste by the
Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health. Regulation SW 2 outlined
in Appendix A of this report indicates the State-approved techniques for this form of ulti-
mate solid waste disposal,
Problem: Open dumping is a disposal method with the least direct
operational costs. However, the indirect costs resulting from diseases
and pollution spread from open dumps are high.
Need: The future leaders of the Commonwealth must concentrate
on efforts to bring about new and safer practices of solid waste dis-
posal. Concerned individuals have an obligation to point out the
hazards of existing practices and thereby lay the groundwork for
future development of Kentucky.
Action: The Solid Waste Program will initiate, along with the Divi-
sion of Clean-up and Beautification, Kentucky Department of Natural
Resources, with the assistance of the Kentucky Program Development
Office, an effort to establish a strong environmental health and re-
sources protection curriculum in Kentucky schools.
Action; The Solid Waste Program will strengthen and expand its
public information activities.
Action: The Solid Waste Program will undertake the development
of training programs on solid waste operations and regulations for
use throughout the State and local health departments.
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Action; The Solid Waste Program will undertake the development
of information and training programs for use among the several
State agencies within the State government and among the regional
planning and development organizations in the 15 Area Development
Districts,
REGULATION OF SOLID WASTE PRACTICES
COMMONWEALTH A GENCIES
The actual regulation of solid waste disposal practices in Kentucky is distributed
by legislative action among seven agencies in four different Departments of the State govern-
ment. Within the Kentucky State Department of Health:
• The Medical Care Standards Program, Division of Medical Care—
regulates the storage and disposal practices at Kentucky hospitals.
• The Radiological Health Program, Division of Environmental
Health-regulates the disposal of radioactive waste materials.
• The Solid Waste Program, Division of Environmental Health-
is charged with regulating and issuing permits for ultimate solid
waste disposal sites in the Commonwealth.
Among the other Departments within State government with direct solid waste disposal
regulatory responsibilities are:
• The Division of Livestock Sanitation, Kentucky Department of
Agriculture—regulates the disposal of animal carcasses and swine
feeding operations.
• The Division of Maintenance, Kentucky Department ofHigh-
ways—regulates, by authorization, the disposal of solid waste
on State highway property.
• The Division of Forestry, Kentucky Department of Natural Re-
sources—regulates the operation of disposal sites within State
forests.
• The Division of Strip Mining and Reclamation, Kentucky Depart-
ment of Natural Resources-for the Reclamation Commission,
regulates mining operations and the disposition of mining waste.
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Generally exempt from State regulatory agencies are the various federal pro-
perties within Kentucky. These include military installations and national forests.
The environmental results of improper solid waste disposal are also regulated
by a variety of agencies. In addition to the agencies which regulate actual solid waste
disposal practices, several agencies have other environmental control and regulatory
capabilities:
• The Kentucky Air Pollution Control Cbmmiss/ow-regulates and
issues permits for the incineration process equipment. (Incinera-
tor residues are the responsibility of the Solid Waste Program.)
• The Kentucky Water Pollution Control Commission-controls all
ground and surface water contamination sources.
• The Division of Fisheries, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wild-
life Resources—controls water contamination sources that result in
fish kills.
• The Division of Water, Kentucky Department of Natural Re-
sources—regulates all forms of construction in the floodplains of
streams.
Other regulatory agencies with powers important to solid waste management include:
• The Occupational Health Program, Kentucky State Department
of Health—regulates occupational practices and the handling of
materials that are hazardous to the health of workers.
• The Division of Law Enforcement, Department of Motor Trans-
portation-regulates and enforces the movement of goods and ma-
terials by commercial truckers and regulates the transportation of
solid waste.
Further enforcement of solid waste disposal practices in Kentucky is distributed
among the following authorities:
• The State Police—enforce all State laws along the roadways of
Kentucky.
• All local peace officers including sheriffs, magistrates, constables,
county and local police—enforce all State laws within the areas of
their jurisdictions.
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Finally, when specifically required by Statute, the Attorney General for the
Commonwealth initiates civil and criminal litigation. Some State agencies are specifically
permitted by Statute to initiate litigation for civil violations. However, the Attorney
General represents the Commonwealth in all cases appealed to the Court of Appeals.
In summary, seven agencies of State government directly control solid waste
disposal practices; four more have related environmental control regulatory capabilities;
two have regulatory powers important to solid waste management; and normal law en-
forcement agencies, both State and local, are charged with the enforcement of state solid
waste laws and regulations.
Problem: The regulatory powers affecting solid waste management
in Kentucky are distributed among several State agencies whose poli-
cies, procedures, and actions are presently uncoordinated, resulting
in reduced effectiveness.
Need: The activities of the State agencies directly and indirectly re-
sponsible for the regulation and enforcement of solid waste disposal
practices in Kentucky should be reviewed to determine the need for
maintaining such a variety of regulatory authority and to establish
policies for the closer coordination of the several separate authorities.
Action: Commissions with independent action authority and agen-
cies with Departments functioning independently of each other to
solve totally interrelated environmental health and resources prob-
lems result in a confusion of authority and action. Therefore, the
establishment of an Interdepartmental Task Force will be requested
to evaluate the State governmental structure related to the control
of Kentucky's environment to determine the benefits to be derived
from the establishment of a single State agency responsible for the
protection and enhancement of the environmental resources of the
Commonwealth.
Problem: The Solid Waste Program must perform a major role for
the Commonwealth in the abation of pollution from solid waste.
However, its status as a Program within the Environmental Health
Division of the Kentucky State Department of Health places it in a
disadvantaged position in comparison with the Commonwealth's
other environmental control agencies. These include:
• Reclamation Commission
• Water Pollution Control Commission
• Air Pollution Control Commission
• Division of Fisheries, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources
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Need: The Solid Waste Program should be elevated to the level of
a Division within the Kentucky State Department of Health in order
to have adequate operational capabilities to perform its functions.
Because of its broadened significance, environmental health func-
tions of the Kentucky State Department of Health should be ad-
ministered from a Deputy Commissioner level within the Depart-
ment.
Action: The Commissioner of Health will be requested to review the
existing organizational structure of the Department as related to En-
vironmental Health and undertake the necessary actions to raise the
status of the Solid Waste Program to a level that will permit it to
more effectively perform its functions. The establishment of a
Deputy Commissioner of Environmental Health with responsibili-
ties for the administration of the Commonwealth's environmental
health programs will be proposed as part of the requested Commis-
sioner review and action.
Problem; Solid waste disposal practices used by the several State
agencies such as the Department of Finance, the Department of
Highways, and the Department of Parks affect the regulation enforce-
ment capabilities of the Solid Waste Program.
Need: State agencies which operate solid waste disposal sites should
adhere to the solid waste disposal regulations established by the
Kentucky State Board of Health. In addition, State agencies which
contract for waste disposal services should require that those providing
such service also adhere to State solid waste disposal regulations.
Action; The Solid Waste Program will confer with the Commissioner
of Health on the need to have all agencies of State government comply
with solid waste disposal regulations.
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VI. THE KENTUCKY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
INTRODUCTION
This Section presents the five-year, statewide Solid Waste Management Plan of the
Solid Waste Program of the Kentucky State Department of Health. This plan will serve
as the guideline document for administering the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management
Program established by the Kentucky General Assembly and documents in K.R.S, 211.700
through 211. 730 and K.R.S. 211.992.
The initial phase of the Kentucky Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program's
development consisted of a three-year planning program. A functional part of this plan-
ning program was the gradual establishment of operational activities which formed much
of the basis for identifying the required plan elements. Only from these operational activi-
ties was it possible to identify many of the State-level problems relating to solid waste
management. Because of the newness of statewide solid waste management efforts, the
operational activities had to be approached by trial and error, the problems observed, and
corrective actions considered.
The complexity of solid waste management on the State level is evident from the
wide range of activity programs that must be developed by the Solid Waste Program during
the five-year period of this plan. Furthermore, the administrative activities required to re-
view and monitor federal programs in Kentucky related to solid waste management can be
expected to increase in scope during the 1970's. A maximum effort will be required to co-
ordinate activities of the several State agencies with regulatory functions directly relating
to solid waste management. Out of these coordination efforts, new problems can be ex-
pected for which activity programs will have to be developed.
Each year the entire five year management plan will be reviewed and a new five year
plan will be constructed. This review will appraise the accomplishments of the previous
year and reallocate manpower requirements in response to:
• Activity accomplishments
• New activity requirements
• Manpower capabilities
• Fiscal considerations
Based upon this review, activities and manpower estimates will be adjusted for the re-
maining four years and a new fifth year program will be added.
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Every Kentuckian is affected by this plan, and how well it is implemented will de-
pend not only on the efforts of the Solid Waste Program, but also upon the continued
cooperation from the majority of individuals, local governments, and State agencies with-
in the Commonwealth.
The Solid Waste Program's operations have been organized into four functions.
These include:
ADMINISTRA TION (A-FUNCTIONS)
Administration activities are the normal housekeeping functions of the pro-
gram and include:
• Basic administrative routines
• Administration of Kentucky programs related to proper solid waste dis-
posal
• Coordination efforts among the several regulatory agencies
• Development of functional activities
® Management Plan review
INFORM A TION DEVELOPMENT (ID-FUNCTIONS)
Information Development pertains to data or materials obtained for use by the
Solid Waste Program and consists of:
• Identification of data or materials requirements
• Establishment of procedures to obtain or develop required information
• Routine assembly (cataloguing, filing, and retrieval) of required data by me-
chanical processing or other means
• Routine evaluation of data
• Preparation of technical information on solid waste management practices
• Preparation of reports on the Kentucky Comprehensive Solid Waste Manage-
ment Program
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REGULA TION (R-FUNCTIONS)
The enforcement of Solid Waste disposal regulations consist of:
• Investigation of ultimate disposal sites
• Evaluation of site operational practices and conditions
• Processing of permits for sites
• Initiation of public hearings or litigation to enforce regulatory functions
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE (TA-FUNCTIONS)
Technical assistance as used in this plan refers to the physical acts of providing
technical and educational information on solid waste problems, improved solid waste col-
lection and disposal practices, and solid waste disposal regulations to:
• Individuals
• Private organizations
• Local governments
• Regional planning organizations
• State agencies
As the several Solid Waste Program functions are developed, the supplementary
operational activities required to support the program efforts will be defined. Because
these are generally continuing or periodic activities, unless otherwise specified, the activity
description appears only in the fiscal year during which these activities begin.
GOALS
The Kentucky General Assembly in K.R.S. 211.703 directed that it was to be the
policy of the State
"...to provide for the disposal of solid waste in a manner that will
protect the public health and welfare, prevent the spread of disease
and creation of nuisances, conserve our natural resources, and en-
hance the beauty and quality of our environment."
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This policy statement established the primary goal of the Kentucky Comprehensive
Solid Waste Program.
K.R.S. 211.723 states
"The department is hereby designated the single state agency for
this state for all purposes of the Federal Solid Waste Disposal Act
(Public Law 89-272) as it exists or may be amended and for the
purposes of such other federal legislation as may hereafter be en-
acted to assist in the propoer disposal of solid waste."
Based upon this authorization and the intent of Public Law 89-272, the Solid Waste
Program as a secondary area of emphasis intends to direct its efforts toward
• the development and improvement of the quality and effectiveness of
operational solid waste management practices throughout the Common-
wealth and to assist the expansion of such practices by public or private
means to both urban and rural populations in Kentucky.
OBJECTIVES
The Kentucky Solid Waste Management Plan has been developed as the means for
accomplishing the directives of the General Assembly relating to the proper disposal of
solid waste. From these broad directives, or goals, the Solid Waste Program has identified
six basic objectives upon which to base its functional programs and operational activities.
The following objectives articulate the broad aims of the program and provide direction for
the five-year plan period:
• To develop an administrative framework, including both federal and Common-
wealth requirements for all programs within the Commonwealth related to the
Solid Waste Disposal Act (Public Law 89-272) and such other federal legislation
as may hereafter be enacted to assist in the proper disposal or conversion of
solid waste
• To identify the nature and extent of problems relating to solid waste as they
become apparent or are brought to the attention of the Commonwealth by
any of its citizens
• To coordinate with appropriate State agencies in order to clarify the nature
and extent of identified problems, establish agency responsibilities, and
initiate remedial and preventive action programs required to control or elimi-
nate the problem situations
82
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• To develop and enforce regulations for the proper disposal of solid waste. Such
regulations will incorporate the significant regulatory measures of those other
agencies concerned with the protection of the public health and welfare and the
natural environment
• To obtain on a regular basis
• Information on agency enforcement of State solid waste laws and regulations
• Information on solid waste managment practices throughout Kentucky
• Additional information significant to the Kentucky Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Program
• Maintain this information in a systematic and orderly manner
• Prepare reports and public information documents on the development of
the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program
• To provide technical assistance to
• Individuals
• Private organizations
• Public bodies
• Local agencies
• Regional agencies
• State agencies
through:
* direct consultation
* published information
* information programs
* educational training sessions
in order to obtain the widest possible dissemination of regulatory and technical infor-
mation essential for the proper disposal of solid waste throughout the Commonwealth
83
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FUNCTIONAL PRESENTATION EXPLANATION
The following summary of functional activities presents the Solid Waste Program's
Activity Plan for each fiscal year of the five-year plan period. Programs have been identi-
fied according to their function and the year initiated according to the following proce-
dures:
• The letter prefix refers to the main Solid Waste Program functions
• A - Administration
• ID - Information Development
• R - Regulation
• TA - Technical Assistance
• Following the letter prefix is a three-digit number
• The first two digits indicate the fiscal year in which that functional activity
began
• The last digit refers to the sequential listing of the new activities undertaken
in that functional area during that fiscal year
• Functional activities initiated in one year may continue to successive years. The
original index number is then carried to the subsequent fiscal year as a continued
function
Example:
A-691: Department of Health Requirements-
(This is an Administrative Function which began in fiscal year 1969
and was noted as the first activity of that fiscal year. This functional
activity appears with each year's activities throughout the life of the
plan.)
Following each functional activity description is a manpower allocation estimate by
manweeks. These manpower allocations have been included as a means for estimating the
Solid Waste Program's staff requirements for implementing the functional activities out-
lined in this plan. These estimates have been categorized according to professional and
secretarial requirements.
84
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• Professional manpower refers to the administration, planning, research, technical
assistance, and the technician activities associated with the program's regulatory
function
• Secretarial manpower refers to the variety of office activities including secretarial,
filing, typing, and routine data processing clerks and statisticians
FISCAL YEAR 1970 FUNCTIONS
ADMINISTRATION
A-691: Department of Health Requirements-routinelv conform
with the various Kentucky State Department of Health regulations,
policies, procedures, and directives to develop and submit all required
statements and reports to the appropriate Divisions and Programs with-
in the Department
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 45
Secretarial - 24
A-701: Federal Program Administration—determine the requirements
for establishment, development, and administration of regulations,
policies, procedures, directives, and materials needed for the adminis-
tration of programs within Kentucky developed under the Federal
Solid Waste Disposal Act (Public Law 89-272) as it exists or may be
amended and for the purposes of such other federal legislation as
may hereafter be enacted to assist in the proper disposal of solid
waste.
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 2
A-702: Permit Charges Investigation-investigate the procedures or
other requirements for establishing a reasonable charge or fee for the
issuance of an initial or renewal permit for all ultimate solid waste
85
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disposal sites in Kentucky. This fee is needed to defray the costs of
regulatory activities and improvement of capabilities to protect the
public health and the natural environment
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-703: Compliance by State Agencies-confer with the Commissioner
of Health on the need to have all agencies of State government comply
with solid waste disposal regulations. Lack of this support weakens
the legal capability of enforcing the several regulatory measures re-
lated to solid waste
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1
Secretarial - 1
A-704: Use of Other Agency Personnel—investigate procedures
available through the Comprehensive Health Planning Council for
obtaining technical personnel from other State agencies during Fis-
cal Year 1971 to assist the program in developing its administrative
and technical assistance activities
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1.0
Secretarial - 0.5
86
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A-705: Department of Public Safety Coordination—develop proce-
dures to effectively utilize the capabilities and authority of the De-
partment of Public Safety needed to enforce the program's regula-
tory responsibilities
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-706: Educational Institution Research—determine research prio-
rity needed to give direction to the activities of the several education
institutions in the Commonwealth in order that these institutions can
undertake research projects that will result in:
• The improvement of knowledge on the hazards of solid waste to the
public health and the natural environment
• The development of improved operational solid waste management
practices
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 2
A-707: Management Plan Review—review and appraise the accomplish-
ments of the previous year's functional activities and reallocate man-
power requirements in response to:
• Activity accomplishments
• New activity requirements
• Manpower capabilities
• Fiscal considerations
87
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Based upon this review, adjust functional activities and manpower al-
locations for the remaining four-years of the plan period and add
requisite information for a new-fifth-year program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
INFORMA TION DE VELOPMENT
ID-701: System Development Guidelines—obtain and maintain infor-
mation on methods for determining solid waste management system
requirements, overall system costs, and methods for locating sanitary
landfill sites. This information will be used to provide technical assis-
tance to regional Comprehensive Health Planning Councils, local govern-
ments, and other planning and development organizations. System-
development information of this type gradually will be expanded to
include:
• Transfer stations and haul systems
• General community solid waste storage practices
• Rural container collection practices
• Hazardous waste storage practices
• Storage containers
• Other new techniques or procedures as developed
Initial guideline materials to be developed in Fiscal Year 1970 will
consist of:
• Cost estimation procedures for solid waste management systems
-------
Methods for locating sanitary landfill sites (work to be accomplished by
contract with KPDO assistance)
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
1D-702: Initial Solid Waste Management Plan-conduct surveys and interviews
and develop information required for completion of the Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plan prior to June 30, 1970 (plan completion will be by
contract with KPDO assistance)
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 58
Secretarial - 7
REGULATION
R-701; Applications Review-routinely review applications for the establish-
ment and continuation of ultimate solid waste disposal sites prior to the
issuance of an operational and construction permit for that site
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 25
Secretarial - 2
R-702: Disposal Site Inspection-on a routine basis, in coordination with the
several health officials throughout Kentucky, determine the conditions of all
89
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ultimate solid waste disposal sites and facilities and bring them into compli-
ance with the solid waste regulations of the Kentucky State Board of Health
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 75
Secretarial- 10
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TA-691: Solid Waste Film-assist the Local Health Services Program to pro-
duce a documentary film on solid waste problems in Appalachian Kentucky,
as an education tool for general public information
Manpower Allocation (mgnweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
TA-701: Regional and Local Planning Assistance—provide solid waste collec-
tion and disposal system planning and development assistance to Regional
Comprehensive Health Planning Councils, local governments, and other plan-
ning and development organizations. Such assistance might include:
• Formation of garbage and refuse districts including service area determination
• Plan preparation
• Site selection
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 6
Secretarial - 4
TA-702: Information and Technical Assistance-provide guidance and techni-
cal information on solid waste and assist the several State agencies, regional
organizations, local governments, and private organizations to obtain
90
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information and technical assistance from sources—both public and private—
which can assist the improvement of both regulatory and operational solid
waste management in Kentucky
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 2
TA-703: Permit Applicants Conferences—conduct planning conferences with
solid waste disposal site applicants to clarify application and site development
requirements and regulations for operations
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
A summary of total manpower allocation requirements for Fiscal Year 1970 appears
in Table 14.
Table 14
Manpower Allocation Summary
Solid Waste Program
FY 1970 Functions
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Professional Secretarial
Administration 68.0 31.5
A-691 45.0 24.0
A-701 4.0 2.0
A-702 2.0 0.5
A-703 1-0 1.0
A-704 1.0 0.5
A-705 1.0 0.5
A-706 10.0 2.0
A-707 4.0 1.0
91
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Table 14 (cont'd.)
Function
Information Development
ID-701
ID-702
Regulation
R-701
R-702
Technical Assistance
TA-691
TA-701
TA-702
TA-703
Total Manpower Requirements
For FY 1970
Manpower
(manweeks)
Professional
62.0
4.0
58.0
100.00
25.0
75.0
19.0
Secretarial
8.0
1.0
7.0
12.0
2.0
10.0
9.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
5.0
1.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
249.0
60.5
FISCAL YEAR 1971 FUNCTIONS
ADMINISTRATION
A-691: Department of Health Requirements
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 40
Secretarial - 40
92
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A-701: Federal Programs Administration
Manpower Allocation (man-weeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 2
A-706: Educational Institution Research
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 2
A-707; Management Plan Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
AJIL Review Organizational Structure-request the Director of the Division
of Environmental Health and the Commissioner of Health to undertake a re-
review of the existing organizational structure under which the Solid Waste
Program is operating and take the necessary action to raise the status of the
Solid Waste Program to a level that will permit it to more effectively perform
its functions. The Commissioner will be requested to establish a Deputy Com-
missioner of Environmental Health as a means for guiding the expanding
activities in this field.
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
93
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A-712: Interagency Review-request, through the Director of the Division of
Environmental Health and the Commissioner of the Kentucky State Department
of Health, that the Governor of Kentucky establish an Interagency Task Force to:
• Evaluate the State governmental structure related to the control of Ken-
tucky's environment
• Determine the benefits to be derived from the establishment of a single
agency responsible for those aspects of public health and the enhancement
of life in Kentucky related to the development of the Commonwealth's na-
tural environment
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-713: Health Department Coordination-coordinate with the following
State Health Department agencies to:
• Initiate—as a cooperative effort with the Kentucky Water Pollution Con-
trol Commission—a program to clarify and define the separate respon-
sibilities and functions of the two agencies in order to establish comple-
mentary regulatory activities that provide adequate public health and
natural environment protection without contradictory or overlapping
efforts
• Initiate—as a cooperative effort with the Kentucky Air Pollution Con-
trol Commission—a program to clarify and define the separate respon-
sibilities and functions of the two agencies in order to establish comple-
mentary regulatory activities that provide adequate public health and
natural environment protection without contradictory or overlapping
efforts
• Establish cooperative procedures for processing plumbing permit re-
quests for those solid waste disposal sites that alter or install new sani-
tary system facilities through the Plumbing Program, Division of En-
vironmental Health
• Establish procedures for ultimate solid waste disposal site review in
coordination with the Sanitary Engineering Program to assure that
such sites do not contaminate public water supplies
94
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• Determine the types of information available on facilities regulated by the
Environmental Health Services Program, Division of Environmental Health,
in relation to the storage of solid waste; the utility of this information to
comprehensive solid waste management; the extent of existing regulation
procedures and standards; related to these waste, and the need for further
regulatory measure or other actions
• Determine methods and procedures to identify industries producing hazard-
ous waste through the Occupational Health Program, Division of Environ-
mental Health
• Initiate complementary procedures and activities in relation to solid waste
disposal by the Solid Waste Program and the Radiological Health Program,
Division of Environmental Health
• Establish in coordination with the Division of Medical Care, Medical Care
Standards Program:
• Regulatory responsibilities with respect to the storage and disposal of
solid waste from hospitals
• The types and volumes of solid waste generated by hospitals
• Procedures and guidelines for the safe storage, collection, hauling,
processing, and ultimate disposal of such waste
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 40
Secretarial - 5
A-714: Staff Development-undertake a staff development program, including
formal training programs and conferences, that will permit the Solid Waste Pro-
gram to effectively provide assistance to communities and regions for both
95
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planning and developing expanded and operational solid waste collection,
transportation, and disposal systems
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 24
Secretarial - 6
A-71S: Mining Regulations Development—participate in the preparation of
new mining regulations presently under development by the Reclamation
Commission in coordination with the Kentucky Air and Water Pollution Con-
trol Commissions
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 6
Secretarial - 1
A-716: Highway Department Coordination—develop procedures for regularly
obtaining and cataloguing right-of-way disposal sites used through the permis-
sion of the district highway engineers in order to establish the volumes and
types of waste being disposed of at these sites and the potential hazards, if any,
to the public health and the natural environment
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-717: Department of Motor Transportation Coordination—coordinate with
the Department of Motor Transportation to regularly obtain information on
96
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the identification of owners of vehicles engaged in interstate commerce for
the purpose of transporting solid waste into Kentucky
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-718: Reduction Processes Review Program—develop a cooperative program
among the several State agencies with appropriate technical capabilities to re-
view the techniques and effectiveness of the various forms of solid waste reduc-
tion processes such as shredding, compacting, pyrolization, etc., to:
• Obtain or develop information on these processes
• Compile state-of-the-art statements on the reviewed processes
• Publish and distribute compiled information as a technical information
service
• Evaluate existing regulations related to reviewed processes and modify as
necessary
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 2
A-719: Education Publications Program-develop a program through the Of-
fice of Health Education for regularly compiling, publishing, and within the
capabilities of the program, distributing publications on the potential hazards
of solid waste and the potential harm of unsafe solid waste handling and dis-
posal practices
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 6
Secretarial - 3
97
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INFORMA TION DE VELOPMENT
ID-7Q1: System Development Guideline
Manpower A llocation (man weeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial- 10
ID-711: Policies Manual—develop and maintain a Policies Manual on regula-
tions, policies, procedures, directives, and materials essential to the operation
of the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program and its enforcement
by the several public health and other enforcement officials within the Com-
monwealth of Kentucky.
The following topics have been defined for initial inclusion in the Policies
Manual:
• Procedures for the evaluation of requests for continuation or renewal of
requests for continuation or renewal of permits for approved ultimate
solid waste disposal sites
• Inspection procedures and materials for all ultimate solid waste disposal
sites in Kentucky and for all collectors, both public and private, who
regularly collect and disposal of solid waste for the general public in order
to assure that they dispose of this waste at a permitted site. In conjunc-
tion with this program development effort, a training program to inform
regional and local health officers of these inspection procedures and ma-
terials will also be developed
• Appropriate precautions that conform with the Department of Fish and
Wildlife Resources regulatory authority on the protection of fish and wild-
life. In addition, in coordination with this Department, the Solid Waste
Program will develop procedures for the closing of ultimate solid waste
disposal sites in a manner that will not endanger desirable forms of wildlife
• Revision of existing guidelines related to the program's procedures for
the closing of ultimate solid waste disposal sites
• Procedures to effectively utilize the capabilities and authority of the Depart-
ment of Public Safety as needed to enforce the program's regulatory re-
sponsibilities
98
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• Procedures to assure that the development and operations of these sites
will conform to appropriate program requirements related to the conser-
vation and protection of natural resources, flood control, and strip
mining and reclamation as administered by the Department of Natural
Resources
• Include Department of Agriculture regulatory constraints:
• Scavenging by livestock at sanitary landfill sites will be prohibited
• When issuing a site permit, instruct the sanitary landfill operator of
means for burying dead animals in conformance with the Department
of Agriculture's regulations
• Develop written procedures for the evaluation of requests for continuation
or renewal of permits for approved ultimate solid waste disposal sites. These
procedures will be distributed to local health departments
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 50
Secretarial - 20
ID-712: Data and Materials Maintenance System—develop a coordinated sys-
tem of cataloguing, reviewing, reporting, and evaluating data and information
elements required by a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program.
This system will include regional and local health department procedures and
will be developed to permit gradual conversion to data processing techniques
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 30
Secretarial - 20
ID-713: Industrial Activities Information—initiate an information develop-
ment program in cooperation with the Occupational Health Program, the Air
Pollution Control Program, and the Water Pollution Control Program, and re-
lated State agencies to:
99
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• Systematically identify, catalogue, and exchange data on waste being gene-
rated by all industries in Kentucky
• Routinely obtain, maintain, and process information on the various forms
of waste generated by manufacturing industries throughout Kentucky
• Determine chemical or putrescible characteristics and the practices related
to the storage, collection, hauling, processing, and ultimate disposal of in-
dustrial waste. This effort will be undertaken to determine the required
unified, industrial process waste safety code regulations and enforcement
procedures essential to the protection of public health and of the natural
environment
Manpower A ttocation (man weeks)
Professional - 100
Secretarial - 40
ID-714: Technical Information-routinelv obtain and maintain technical in-
formation on solid waste subjects in support of the Program's Technical As-
sistance function
Manpower Allocation fmanweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
KD-715: Training and Development InformatJon-routinelv obtain and main-
tain information in support of the Solid Waste Program's internal manpower
training and development program
Manpower Allocation fmanweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
100
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REGULATION
R-701: Applications Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 15
Secretarial - 5
R-702: Disposal Site Inspection
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 65
Secretarial - 15
R-711: Garbage and Refuse Disposal District Plan Review —review, evaluate,
and approve all plans for the operation of Garbage and Refuse Disposal Dis-
tricts as set forth in K.R.S. Chapter 109
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 3.0
Secretarial- 0.5
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TA-701: Regional and Local Planning Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 36
Secretarial - 8
101
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TA-702: Information and Technical Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 14
Secretarial - 4
TA-703: Permit Applicants Conferences
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
TA-711: Federal Program Assistance-provide public and private groups with
information on the availability of federal assistance in areas related to solid
waste management and assist these groups in the preparation of applications to
the appropriate federal agencies which can provide the needed assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 15
Secretarial - 5
TA-712: Administrative Service Training—routinely participate in regional
and local health training programs conducted by the Division of Adminis-
trative Services, Kentucky State Department of Health, as a mechanism for
training local health officials
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4.0
Secretarial - 0.5
TA-713: Public Officials Training—have training programs developed for mem-
bers of boards, commissions, agencies, and elected officials on both the State
102
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and local level on topics related to the improvement of solid waste disposal
practices
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 2
TA-714: State Agencies Training-conduct training programs for State agen-
cies, regional organizations, and local governments on improved techniques
for providing solid waste services (through efforts accelerated by continual
arrangements through KPDO)
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 2
TA-71S: Public Education—routinely develop and distribute to the general
public information and educational materials on the potential hazards of
solid waste and potential harm of unsafe solid waste handling practices
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A summary of total manpower allocation requirements for Fiscal Year 1971 ap-
pears in Table 15.
103
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Table 15
Manpower Allocation Summary
Solid Waste Program
FY 1971 Functions
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Administration
A-691
A-701
A-706
A-707
A-711
A-712
A-713
A-714
A-715
A-716
A-717
A-718
A-719
Information Development
ID-701
ID-711
* ID-712
ID-713
* ID-714
ID-715
Regulation
R-701
R-702
R-711
Professional
152.0
40.0
4.0
10.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
40.0
24.0
6.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
6.0
210.0
20.0
50.0
30.0
100.0
5.0
5.0
83.0
15.0
65.0
3.0
Secretarial
64.0
40.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
5.0
6.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
2.0
3.0
92.0
10.0
20.0
20.0
40.0
1.0
1.0
20.5
5.0
15.0
0.5
104
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Tablets (cont'd.)
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Professional Secretarial
Technical Assistance 96.0 24.0
TA-701 36.0 8.0
TA-702 14.0 4.0
TA-703 5.0 2.0
TA-711 15.0 5.0
TA-712 4.0 0.5
TA-714 10.0 2.0
TA-714 10.0 2.0
TA-715 2.0 0.5
541.0 200.5
Total Manpower Requirements
For FY 1971
•Functional areas that must be curtailed or eliminated to conform with previously projected manpower requirements
estimated prior to the development of this plan.
105
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FISCAL YEAR 1972 FUNCTIONS
ADMINISTRATION
A-691: Department of Health Requirements
Manpower Allocation (man-weeks)
Professional - 40
Secretarial - 40
*
A-701: Federal Programs Administration
Manpower Allocation (manweeksj
Professional - 2
Secretarial - 1
A-706: Educational Institution Research
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
A-707: Management Plan Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
106
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A-713: Health DepartmentJToordination
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial - 3
A-714: Staff Development
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 48
Secretarial-12
A-715: Mining Regulations Development
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 6
Secretarial - 1
A-718: Reduction Processes Review Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
A-71SL: Education Publications Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 6
Secretarial - 3
107
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A-721: Hazardous Waste Collection and Hauling Program-review collection
and hauling practices and the various forms of hazardous waste, in coordina-
tion with other applicable regulatory agencies, and recommend to the appro-
priate agencies means for improving these practices and their regulation in
order to assure the protection of the public health and the natural environ-
ment
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2
Secretarial - 1
A-722: Hospital Waste Program-develop a program, in coordination with the
Medical Care Standards Program of the Kentucky State Department of Health,
in order to determine the types and volume of solid waste generated at hospi-
tals throughout the Commonwealth in order to assure that the storage, collec-
tion, hauling, processing, and ultimate disposal of such waste does not create
hazards to the public health and the natural environment
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 5
A-723: Interstate Waste Disposal-undertake the development of a coordinated
program with the Department of Motor Transportation to obtain, on a regular
basis, information on motor carriers and the volume by weight of solid waste
that enters the Commonwealth of Kentucky via its several highways, in order
to determine the disposition of this waste to assure that it is disposed of at ap-
proved ultimate disposal sites
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 3
Secretarial - 1
A-724: Abandoned Vehicles—undertake a continuing program, in coordina-
tion with the Kentucky Highway Department to investigate the several
108
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alternatives for collecting and safely disposing of abandoned vehicles or other
bulky waste. In conjunction with the development of these efforts, the Solid
Waste Program will endeavor to establish feasible methods whereby interme-
diate storage points or areas for bulky waste immediately adjacent to highway
rights-of-way may be established
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 5
INFORMA TION DE VELOPMENT
ID-701: System Development Guidelines
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial-10
ID-711: Policies Manual
Manpower Allocation f manweeks)
Professional - 25
Secretarial -10
ID-712: Data and Materials Maintenance System
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional -10
Secretarial - 40
109
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ID-713: Industrial Activities Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 100
Secretarial - 40
ID-714: Technical Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
ID-71S: Training and Development Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
ID-721: Legislation Codification Revision—revise codified materials of the
Kentucky Revised Statutes and Kentucky Administrative Regulations on a
biennial basis in order to maintain current information on statues and regula-
tions affecting solid waste management in Kentucky
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2
Secretarial - 2
ID-722: Hospital Waste Data and Information—obtain and maintain informa-
tion on the disposition of waste from hospitals throughout the Common-
wealth in order to assure that the storage, collection, hauling, processing,
110
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and ultimate disposal of such waste does not create hazards to the public
health and the natural environment
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 3
Secretarial - 2
IP-723: Interstate Waste Transportation Data-obtain and maintain infor-
mation on motor carriers and the volume by weight of solid waste that enters
the Commonwealth via its several highways in order to determine the disposi-
tion of this waste to assure that it is disposed of at approved ultimate disposal
sites
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2
Secretarial - 1
ID-724: Junkyard Regulation Information-develop information on the man-
ner in which other states regulate junkyards hi order to develop more accept-
able means for controlling the disposition of junk motor vehicles within the
Commonwealth
Manpower Allocation (r^anweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
REGULATION
R-701: Applications Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 15
Secretarial - 5
111
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R-702; Disposal Site Inspection
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 55
Secretarial • 20
R-711: Garbage and Refuse Disposal District Plan Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 3.0
Secretarial - 0.5
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TA-701: Regional and Local Planning Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 36
Secretarial - 8
TA-702: Information and Technical Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 14
Secretarial - 4
112
-------
TA-703: Permit Applicants Conferences
Manpower Allocation (man-weeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
TA-711: Federal Program Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 15
Secretarial - 5
TA-712: Administrative Service Training
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4.0
Secretarial - 0.5
TA-713; Public Officials Training
Manpower Allocation f manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 2
TA-714: State Agencies Training
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 2
113
-------
TA-71S: Public Education
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
A summary of total manpower allocation requirements for Fiscal Year 1972 ap-
pears in Table 16.
Table 16
Manpower Allocation Summary
Solid Waste Program
FY 1972 Functions
Manpower
Function (manweeks) .
Professional Secretarial
Administration 160.0 76.0
A-691 40.0 40.0
A-701 2.0 1.0
A-706 4.0 1.0
A-707 4.0 1.0
A-713 20.0 3.0
A-714 48.0 12.0
A-715 6.0 1.0
A-718 5.0 2.0
A-719 6.0 3.0
A-721 2.0 1.0
A-722 10.0 5.0
A-723 3.0 1.0
A-724 10.0 5.0
Information Development 177.0 109.0
ID-701 20.0 10.0
ID-711 25.0 10.0
ID-712 10.0 40.0
ID-713 100.0 40.0
ID-714 5.0 1.0
ID-715 5.0 1.0
114
-------
Table 16 (cont'd.)
Manpower
Function (man weeks)
Professional Secretarial
Information Development
ID-721 2.0 2.0
ID-722 3.0 2.0
ID-723 2.0 1.0
ID-724 5.0 2.0
Regulation 73.0 25.5
R-701 15.0 5.0
R-702 55.0 20.0
R-711 3.0 0.5
Technical Assistance 99.0 25.5
TA-701 36.0 8.0
TA-702 14.0 4.0
TA-703 5.0 2.0
TA-711 15.0 5.0
TA-712 4.0 0.5
TA-713 10.0 2.0
TA-714 10.0 2.0
TA-715 5.0 2.0
Total Manpower Requirements
For FY1972 509.0 236.0
FISCAL YEAR 1973 FUNCTIONS
ADMINISTRATION
A-691: Department of Health Requirements
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 40
Secretarial - 40
115
-------
A-701: Federal Programs Administration
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2
Secretarial - 1
A-706: Educational Institution Research
ManpoweLAllocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
A-707: Management Plan Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
A-713: Health Department Coordination
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial - 3
A-714: Staff Development
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 48
Secretarial - 12
116
-------
A-718: Reduction Processes Review Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
A-719: Education Publications Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 6
Secretarial - 3
A-721: Hazardous Waste Collection and Hauling Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-722: Hospital Waste Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 5
A-723: Interstate Waste Disposal
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 3
Secretarial - 1
117
-------
A-724: Abandoned Vehicles
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 5
A-731: Franchise and Other Contractor Practices Program-evaluate the fran-
chise, or other contract mechanisms, used by private solid waste collectors in
Kentucky in order to develop regulatory procedures to assure that dependable
and efficient collection services are provided to the citizens of the Common-
wealth
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 5
A-732: Storage Regulations Review—review existing storage practices and
regulatory procedures related to other agencies with responsibilities for solid
waste to determine their adequacy in the light of the available information
and recommend to the appropriate agencies means for improving storage
practices and their regulation
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial - 5
A-733: Department of Agriculture Coordination-establish a program with
the Department of Agriculture to obtain information on the disposition of
garbage as feed to swine
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
118
-------
A-734: Recycling Review Program-develop procedures for the investigation
of recycling operations within Kentucky and the potentials for expanding
these practices
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2
Secretarial - 1
INFORMA TION DEVELOPMENT
ID-701: System Development Guidelines
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 4
ID-711: Policies Manual
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 25
Secretarial - 1 0
ID-712: Data and Materials Maintenance System
Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 40
119
-------
ID-713: Industrial Activities Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 50
Secretarial - 20
ID-714: Technical Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
ID-715: Training and Development Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
ID-722: Hospital Waste Data and Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 1.0
Secretarial- 0.5
ID-723; Interstate Waste Transportation Data
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1
Secretarial - 2
120
-------
ID-724; Junkvard Regulation Information
Manpower Allocation (man-weeks)
Professional - 1
Secretarial - 1
ID-731: Garbage Feeding Information-develop and maintain a reporting sys-
tem on the disposition of garbage for feeding livestock in order to establish
the disposition of the nonedible portions
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 8
Secretarial - 4
ID-732: Storage Practices Information-develop and maintain information on
solid waste storage practices within the Commonwealth in order to determine
their adequacy and assure that the public health and the natural environment
are protected
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 15
ID-733: Collection and Hauling Practices-obtain and maintain information
on collection, hauling, and disposal practices within the Commonwealth in
order to assure that the public health and the natural environment are pro-
tected
Mnnpnwer Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 4
121
-------
ID-734; Recycling Practices and Potentials Information-conduct investiga-
tions, analyze data collected and maintain records on recycling operations
in Kentucky and the potentials for expanding these practices
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial - 10
REGULATION
R-701: Applications Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 15
Secretarial - 5
R-702: Disposal Site Inspection
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 55
Secretarial - 20
R-711: Garbage and Refuse Disposal District Plan Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 3.0
Secretarial - 0.5
122
-------
R-731: Industrial Waste Disposal Inspections-routinelv inspect and enforce
regulations established for the safe disposal of solid waste from industries in
Kentucky
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 5
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TA-701: Regional and Local Planning Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 36
Secretarial - 8
TA-702: Information and Technical Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 14
Secretarial - 4
TA-703: Permit Applicants Conferences
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
123
-------
TA-711: Federal Program Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 15
Secretarial - 5
TA-712: Administration Service Training
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 4.0
Secretarial - 0.5
TA-713: Public Officials Training
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 2
TA-714: State Agencies Training
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 2
TA-715: Public Education
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
124
-------
A summary of total manpower requirements for Fiscal Year 1973 appears in
Table 17.
Table 17
Manpower Allocation Summary
Solid Waste Program
FY 1973 Functions
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Professional Secretarial
Administration 187.0 86.0
A-691 40.0 40.0
A-701 2.0 1.0
A-706 4.0 1.0
A-707 4.0 1.0
A-713 20.0 3.0
A-714 48.0 12.0
A-718 5.0 2.0
A-719 6.0 3.0
A-721 1.0 0.5
A-722 10.0 5.0
A-723 3.0 1.0
A-724 10.0 5.0
A-731 10.0 5.0
A-732 20.0 5.0
A-733 2.0 0.5
A-734 2.0 1.0
Information Development 156.0 112.5
ID-701 10.0 4.0
ID-711 25.0 10.0
ID-712 10.0 40.0
ID-713 50-° 20-0
ID-714 5.0 1.0
ID-715 5-° 1-0
ID-722 i-0 °-5
ID-723 !-° 2-°
ID-724 1-0 1-0
ID-731 8-° 4-°
ID-732 10-° 15-°
ID-733 10-° 4-°
ID-734 20.0 10.0
125
-------
Table 17 (cont'd.)
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Professional Secretarial
Regulation 83.0 30.5
R-701 15.0 5.0
R-702 55.0 20.0
R-711 3.0 0.5
R-731 10.0 5.0
Technical Assistance 99.0 25.5
TA-701 36.0 8.0
TA-702 14.0 4.0
TA-703 5.0 2.0
TA-711 15.0 5.0
TA-712 4.0 0.5
TA-713 10.0 2.0
TA-714 10.0 2.0
TA-715 5.0 2.0
Total Manpower Requirements
For FY1973 525.0 254.5
FISCAL YEAR 1974 FUNCTIONS
ADMINISTRATION
A-691: Department of Health Requirements
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 40
Secretarial - 40
126
-------
A-701: Federal Programs Administration
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2
Secretarial - 1
A-7U6: Educational Institution Research
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
A-707: Management Plan Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 1
A-711: Review of Organizational Structure
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 2.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-713: Health Department Coordination
Manner Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial - 3
127
-------
-714: Staff Development
Manpower Allocation (man-weeks)
Professional - 48
Secretarial - 12
A-718: Reduction Processes Review Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
A-719: Education Publications Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 6
Secretarial - 3
A-721: Hazardous Waste Collection and Hauling Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1.0
Secretarial- 0.5
A-723: Hospital Waste Program
Manpower Allocation (manwteks)
Professional - 1.0
Secretarial - 0.5
128
-------
A-724: Abandoned Vehicles
Manpower Allocation (man weeks}
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 3
A-732: Storage Regulations Reviey
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 3
Secretarial - 1
A-733: Department of Agriculture Coordination
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 1.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-734: Recycling Review Program
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 1.0
Secretarial - 0.5
A-741: Livestock Feces Disposal Program-evaluate occurrence of problems
developing from the accumulation of feces at livestock markets, animal feed-
lots, race tracks, and at intensive livestock or poultry raising enterprises and
129
-------
transmit recommended actions for the solution of these problems to the Com-
missioner of Health
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 4
INFORMA TION DEVELOPMENT
ID-701: System Development Guidelines
Manpower Allocation (manweeks}
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 4
ID-711: Policies Manual
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 25
Secretarial- 10
ID-712: Data and Materials Maintenance System
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 40
130
-------
ID-714: Technical Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
ID-715: Training and Development Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 1
ID-721: Legislation Codification Revision
Manpower Allocation (manweeksL
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 3
ID-722: Hospital Waste Data and Information
Manpower Allocation f manweeks)
Professional- 1.0
Secretarial - 0.5
ID-723: Interstate Waste Transportation Data
M»»pnwer Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1
Secretarial - 2
131
-------
ID*724: Junkyard Regulation Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 1
Secretarial - 1
ID-731: Garbage Feeding Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4
Secretarial - 8
ID-732: Storage Practices Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 15
ID-733: Collection and Hauling Practices
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 5
ID-734: Recycling Practices and Potentials Information
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 50
Secretarial - 20
132
-------
ID-741: Livestock Feces Disposition Information-obtain and maintain infor-
mation on major generation sources of animal feces in order to remain apprised
of the magnitude of this problem, and if necessary, to establish or recommend
the establishment of revised or new regulatory measures
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 25
Secretarial - 10
ID-742: Directory of Private Collectors and Haulers (ID-7331-from data
developed, compile and publish a directory of all private collectors and
haulers in Kentucky
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 15
Secretarial - 15
REGULATION
R-701: Applications Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 15
Secretarial - 5
R-702: Disposal Site Inspection
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 55
Secretarial - 20
133
-------
R-711: Garbageand Refuse Disposal District Plan Review
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 3.0
Secretarial - 0.5
R-731: Industrial Waste Disposal Inspections
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 30
Secretarial - 5
R-741: Agricultural Waste Disposal Inspections—routinely inspect and en-
force regulations for the safe disposal of solid waste from agricultural enter-
prises in Kentucky
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 20
Secretarial - 5
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TA-701: Regional and Local Planning Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 36
Secretarial - 8
134
-------
TA-702: Information and Technical Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 14
Secretarial - 4
TA-703: Permit Applicants Conferences
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
TA-711; Federal Program Assistance
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 15
Secretarial - 5
TA-712* Administrative Service Training
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 4.0
Secretarial - 0.5
TA-713: Public Officials Training
M^pnwer Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 10
Secretarial - 2
135
-------
18.
TA-714; State Agencies Training
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional- 10
Secretarial - 2
TA-71S: Public Education
Manpower Allocation (manweeks)
Professional - 5
Secretarial - 2
A summary of total manpower requirements for Fiscal Year 1974 appears in Table
Table 18
Manpower Allocation Summary
Solid Waste Program
FY 1974 Functions
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Professional Secretarial
Administration 153.0 73.5
A-691 40.0 40.0
A-701 2.0 1.0
A-706 4.0 1.0
A-707 4.0 1.0
A-711 2.0 0.5
A-713 20.0 3.0
A-714 48.0 12.0
A-718 5.0 2.0
A-719 6.0 3.0
A-721 1.0 0.5
A-723 1.0 0.5
A-724 5.0 3.0
A-732 3.0 1.0
136
-------
Table 18 (cont'd.)
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Professional Secretarial
Administration
A-733 1.0 0.5
A-734 1.0 0.5
A-741 10.0 4.0
Information Development 176.0 135.5
Il>701 10.0 4.0
ID-711 25.0 10.0
ID-712 10.0 40.0
ID-714 5.0 1.0
ID-715 5.0 1,0
ID-721 4.0 3.0
ID-722 1.0 0.5
ID-723 1.0 2.0
ID-724 1.0 1.0
ID-731 4.0 9.0
ID-732 10.0 15.0
ID-733 10.0 5.0
ID-734 50.0 20.0
ID-741 25.0 10.0
ID-742 15.0 15.0
Regulation 123.0 35.5
R-701 15.0 5.0
R-702 55.0 20.0
R-711 3.0 0.5
R-731 30.0 5.0
R.741 20.0 5.0
Technical Assistance 99.0 25.5
TA-701 36.0 8.0
TA-702 14-° 4.0
TA-703 5.0 2.0
TA-711 15-° 5.0
TA-712 4-° 0-5
137
-------
Table 18 (cont'd.)
Manpower
Function (manweeks)
Professional Secretarial
Technical Assistance
TA-713 10.0 2.0
TA-714 10.0 2.0
TA-715 5.0 2.0
Total Manpower Requirements
For FY 1974 551.0 270.0
Table 19-22 summarize the Kentucky Solid Waste Program's manpower require-
ments by category, during the initial five-year-plan period. Based upon manpower re-
quirements summarized in Table 23, during Fiscal Year 1971, a staff of eleven profes-
sional and four secretarial employees or their equivalent will be essential in order to pro-
vide the range of services necessary to perform the Program's functions. Following this
initial development phase, in Fiscal Year 1972, at least 10 professional and five secre-
tarial employees will be necessary. By Fiscal Year 1974, a Program staff of eleven pro-
fessionals and six secretaries will be required to perform programed activities for Ken-
tucky's Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program.
138
-------
Table 19
Summary of Manpower Allocations
Administration Functions
Fiscal Years 1970-1974
(man weeks)
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
A-691
A-701
A-702
A-703
A-704
A-705
A-706
A-707
A-711
A-712
A-713
A-714
A-715
A-716
A-717
A-718
A-719
A-721
A-722
A-723
A-724
A-731
A-732
A-733
A-73"4
A-741
Activity Type
Department of Health Requirements
Federal Programs Administration
Permit Charges Investigation
Compliance by State Agencies
Use of Other Agency Personnel
Prof.
45.0
4.0
10
1.0
1.0
Department of Public Safety Coordination 1.0
Educational Institution Research
Management Plan Review
Review of Organizational Structure
Interagency Review
Health Department Coordination
Staff Development
Mining Regulations Development
Highway Department Coordination
10.0
4.0
Sec.
24.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.5
10
1.0
Department of Motor Transportation Coordination
Reduction Processes Review Program
Education Publications Program
Prof.
40.0
4.0
10.0
4.0
10
10
40.0
24.0
6.0
10
10
10.0
6.0
Sec.
40.0
10
10
1.0
0.5
0.5
5.0
6.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
10
3.0
Hazardous Waste Collection & Hauling Program
Hospital Waste Program
Interstate Waste Disposal
Abandoned Vehicles
Franchise & Other Contractor Practices
Storage Regulations Review
Program
Prof.
40.0
10
4.0
4.0
20.0
48.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
2.0
10.0
3.0
10.0
Sec.
40.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
12.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
Department of Agriculture Coordination
Recycling Review Program
Livestock Feces Disposal Program
Prof.
40.0
10
4.0
4.0
20.0
48.0
5.0
6.0
1.0
10.0
3.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
2.0
10
Sec.
40.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
110
10
3.0
0.5
5.0
1.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
0.5
1.0
Prof.
40.0
10
4.0
4.0
10
20.0
48.0
5.0
6.0
1.0
1.0
5.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
10.0
Sec.
40.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
3.0
12.0
10
3.0
0.5
0.5
3.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
4.0
TOTALS 68.0 31.5 1510 64.0 160.0 76.0 187.0 86.0 153.0 73.5
-------
Table 20
Summary of Manpower Allocations
Information Development Functions
Fiscal Years 1970-1974
(manweeks)
Activity Type
ID-701 System Development Guidelines
ID-702 Initial Solid Waste Management Plan
ID-711 Policies Manual
ID-712 Data & Materials Maintenance System
ID-713 Industrial Activities Information
ID-714 Technical Information
ID-715 Training & Development Information
ID-721 Legislation Codification Revision
ID-722 Hospital Waste Data & Information
ID-723 Interstate Waste Transportation Data
ID-724 Junkyard Regulation Information
ID-731 Garbage Feeding Information
ID-732 Storage Practices Information
ID-733 Collection & Hauling Practices
ID-734 Recycling Practices & Potentials Information
ID-741 Livestock Feces Disposition Information
ID-742 Directory of Private Collectors & Haulers
19.
Prof.
4.Q
58.0
ion
70 19',
Sec. Prof.
1.0 20.0
7 n
/ • V
50.0
30.0
100.0
5.0
5.0
77
Sec.
10.0
20.0
20.0
40.0
1.0
1.0
19',
Prof.
20.0
25.0
10.0
100.0
5.0
5.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
5.0
72
Sec.
10.0
10.0
40.0
40.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
19',
Prof.
10.0
25.0
10.0
50.0
5.0
5.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
8.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
73
Sec.
4.0
10.0
40.0
20.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
2.0
1.0
4.0
15.0
4.0
10.0
19:
Prof.
10.0
25.0
10.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
10.0
10.0
50.0
25.0
15.0
74
Sec.
4.0
10.0
40.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
0.5
2.0
1.0
8.0
15.0
5.0
20.0
10.0
15.0
TOTALS
62.0
8.0 210.0 92.0 177.0 109.0 156.0 112.5 176.0 135.5
-------
Table 21
Summary of Manpower Allocations
Regulation Functions
Fiscal Years 1970-1974
(manweeks)
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
Activity Type Prof. Sec. Prof. Sec. Prof. Sec. Prof. Sec. Prof. Sec.
R-701 Applications Review 25.0 2.0 15.0 5.0 15.0 5.0 15.0 5.0 15.0 5.0
R-702 Disposal Site Inspection 75.0 10.0 65.0 15.0 55.0 20.0 55.0 20.0 55.0 20.0
R-711 Garbage & Refuse Disposal
District Plan Review 3.0 0.5 3.0 0.5 3.0 0.5 3.0 0.5
R-731 Industrial Waste Disposal Inspections 10.0 5.0 30.0 5.0
R-741 Agricultural Waste Disposal Inspections 20.0 5.0
TOTALS 100.0 12.0 83.0 20.5 73.0 25.5 83.0 30.5 123.0 35.5
-------
Table 22
Summary of Manpower Allocations
Technical Assistance Functions
Fiscal Years 1970-1974
(manweeks)
NJ
Activity Type
TA-691 Solid Waste Film
TA-701 Regional & Local Planning Assistance
TA-702 Information & Technical Assistance
TA-703 Permit Applicants Conferences
TA-711 Federal Program Assistance
TA-712 Administrative Service Training
T A-713 Public Officials Training
TA-714 State Agencies Training
TA-715 Public Education
19:
Prof.
4.0
6.0
4.0
5.0
70
Sec.
1.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
19:
Prof.
36.0
14.0
5.0
15.0
4.0
10.0
10.0
2.0
71
Sec.
8.0
4.0
2.0
5.0
0.5
2.0
2.0
0.5
19'
Prof.
36.0
14.0
5.0
15.0
4.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
72
Sec.
8.0
4.0
2.0
5.0
0.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
79!
Prof.
36.0
14.0
5.0
15.0
4.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
73
Sec.
8.0
4.0
2.0
5.0
0.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
19:
Prof.
36.0
14.0
5.0
15.0
4.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
74
Sec.
8.0
4.0
2.0
5,0
0.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
TOTALS
19.0
9.0 96.0 24.0 99.0 25.5 99.0 25.5 99.0 25.5
-------
Table 23
Summary of Manpower Allocations
Solid Waste Program
Fiscal Years 1971-1974
(manweeks)
Administration
Prof. Sec.
FY 1971
FY 1972
FY 1973
FY 1974
152.0
160.0
187.0
153.0
64.0
76.0
86.0
73.5
Information
Development
Prof. Sec.
210.0
177.0
156.0
176.0
92.0
109.0
112.5
135.5
Regulation
Prof.
83.0
73.0
83.0
123.0
Sec.
20.5
25.5
30.5
35.5
Technical
Assistance
Prof.
96.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
Sec.
24.0
25.5
25.5
25.5
Total
Prof.
541.0
509.0
525.0
551.0
Sec.
200.5
236.0
254.5
270.0
-------
MAIN REPORT APPENDIX
145
-------
Table 1
Population Projections of the
Commonwealth of Kentucky by Selected Years*
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
*The population data presented
Area Development
District
Purchase
Pennyrile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
TOTAL
Area Development District Population
1960
156,937
178,061
165,298
170,463
177,864
680,323
268,982
52,324
50,715
120,682
151,011
128,179
206,176
145,923
385,218
3,038,156
in this table are in all cases the high projections for the
Source: Kentucky Program Development Office, Population
19 70
178,534
198,357
188,007
212,698
188,254
814,61 1
298,201
55,498
53,477
138,612
149,457
101,702
200,267
148,982
493,142
1975
194,451
220,857
200,921
243,068
195,787
884,546
314,511
58,765
56,546
150,554
158,635
104,451
210,180
153,439
563,875
3,419,799 3,710,586
1960-2000 time period.
Projections for the Commonwealth of Kentucky to the Year 2000
Program Development Office, Population Projections for the Commonwealth of Kentucky to the Year
2000 -Technical
1980
211,802
244,940
214,892
276,998
204,149
959,91 1
332,305
62,409
60,025
163,785
168,137
107,254
221,278
158,845
641,599
4,028,329
(Frankfort, Ky., June
2000
288,400
353,661
277,680
441,472
241,756
1,291,752
411,503
80,024
74,594
220,879
206,565
117,324
271,955
191,053
992,523
5,461,141
1969). Kentucky
Supplement (Frankfort, Ky., June 1969).
-------
Table 2
Percent Change in Population
of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Area Development
District
Purchase
Pennyrile
Green River
Barren River
Uncoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Expected Percent Change
fort. Ky., 1969}.
1960-1970
13.76
11.40
13.74
24.78
5.84
19.74
10.86
6.07
5.45
14.86
- 1.03
- 20.66
- 2.87
2.10
28.02
ce, Population
1970-1975
8.92
11.34
6.87
14.28
4.00
8.59
5.47
5.89
5.74
8.62
6.14
2.70
4.95
2.99
14.34
1960-1980
34.%
37.56
30.00
62.50
14.78
41.10
23.54
19.27
18.36
35.72
11.34
- 16.32
7.32
8.86
66.55
Projections for the Commonwealth of Kentucky
1960-2000
83.77
98.62
67.99
158.98
35.92
89.87
52.44
52.94
47.08
83.03
36.79
- 8.47
36.90
30.93
157.65
to the Year 2000 (Frai
-------
Table 3
Number of Establishments* in the State by Area
Development District and Employee Size Category
1967
00
District Area Development Employee Size Category
Number District Agriculture
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Purchase
Pennyrile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Statewidef
32
21
14
30
13
78
14
5
6
7
1
NA
7
23
73
4
Mining Construction Manufacturing
8
82
163
57
17
20
4
2
9
37
327
198
138
37
42
42
307
247
260
272
167
1,210
414
56
52
123
71
41
143
166
865
141
175
169
199
199
115
821
190
45
52
97
47
41
136
169
390
54
Transportation Trade
152
153
122
152
115
414
132
44
44
60
91
73
145
110
273
29
1,374
1,277
1,218
1,342
912
4,488
1,727
360
319
665
668
507
1,037
864
2,934
483
Finance
241
193
224
202
143
1,235
306
56
43
149
81
56
144
95
704
82
Services
774
680
772
683
469
3,599
969
155
167
414
286
190
562
404
2,083
120
Total
3,063
2,822
2,972
2,937
1,951
11,865
3,756
723
692
1,552
1,572
1,126
2,312
1,863
7,364
955
TOTAL
328
1,183
4,535
2,894
2,109
20,175 3,954 12,327 47,505
'Numbers are indicative only and, because of disclosure problems, are incomplete.
tThe Statewide classification reflects the number of establishments without a fixed location, with a significant number of employees in more than one county or of unknown
county origin.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Kentucky County Business Patterns, 1967 (Washington, D. C., 1967).
-------
Table 4
Number of Establishments in the State
by Industry Division and Size Category*
1967
Size Category of Establishment
(number of employees)
Industry
Division
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation
Trade
Finance
Services
TOTAL
1-3
192
395
2,483
643
1,001
10,480
2,328
8,210
25,712
4- 7
68
232
920
463
368
4,469
742
2.047
9,315
8-19
48
336
680
613
390
3,626
579
1.294
7,566
20-49
13
158
321
487
208
1,223
216
495
3,121
50-99
5
45
86
269
86
270
54
160
975
100
249
2
23
41
216
44
80
21
86
543
249
499
0
8
3
119
8
17
6
18
179
500
or
more
0
6
1
84
5
10
3
17
126
Total
328
1,183
4,535
2,894
2,110
20,175
3,958
12.327
47,507
'Numbers are indicative only and, because of disclosure problems, are incomplete.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Kentucky County Business Patterns, 1967 (Washington, D. C., 1967).
-------
Table 5
Community Survey Response
1969
Area Total Number
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Development of Communities
District
Purchase
Pennyrile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Surveyed
21
27
25
20
25
60
52
10
7
13
11
8
18
16
32
Number of
Respondent
Communities
11
11
15
6
10
28
29
6
4
7
4
3
10
6
18
Number of
Respondent
Communities
as a Percent
of Total
52.4
40.7
60.0
30.0
40.0
46.7
55.8
60.0
57.1
53.8
36.4
37.5
55.6
37.5
56.3
Total 1960
Population
in Surveyed
Communities
72,750
68,352
86,559
67,515
46,567
475,995
189,092
16,043
12,722
50,314
19,536
10,453
55,415
31,925
177,658
1960 Population
in Respondent
Communities
12,514
41,580
78,531
40,548
27,457
40,773
157,850
6,507
11,016
40,078
7,028
5,742
28,377
14,166
54,199
Respondent
Community
Population
as a Percent
of Total
17.2
60.8
90.7
60.1
59.0
8.6
83.5
40.6
86.6
80.0
36.0
54.9
51.2
44.4
30.5
Kentucky
345
168
48.7
1,380,896
566,366
41.0
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health. "Community Survey," 1969.
-------
Table 6
Respondent Communities Which
Permit Backyard Burning
1969
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Area
Development
District
Purchase
Penny rile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Kentucky
Number of
Respondent
Communities
9
7
10
5
2
6*
7
2*
1
4
2
1
4
3
5*
68
Percent of
Total Responden t
Community
Population
12.2
51,7
35.8
55.1
7.4
1.5
3.3
3.1
2.4
7.8
7.6
30.6
9.8
5.2
2.0
9.0f
'Non-response from one community.
tTotal population of respondent communities that permit backyard burning-129.438.
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health, "Community Survey." t969.
-------
Table?
Respondent Communities With
Compulsory Household Collection
1969
District
Number
Area
Development
District
Number of
Respondent
Communities
Percent of
Total Respondent
Community
Population
to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Purchase
Penny rile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Kentucky
1
3*
2
2
6*
17t
20*
2*
1
3*
3
1
6
3
10**
80
0.5
41.1
55.2
47.9
24.4
6.3
79.1
16.6
32.8
72.1
33.9
17.0
34.3
39.1
13.1
29.4ft
* Non-response from one community.
tNon-response from two communities.
"Non-response from three communities.
ttTotal population of respondent communities with compulsory household collection—405,470
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health, "Community Survey," 1969.
-------
Table 8
Respondent Communities With
Residential Collection
1969
Public Collection
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Area
Development
District
Purchase
Pennyrile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sand/
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Kentucky
Number of
Respondent
Communities
2t
3
3
2
5
2
5
2
0
i
X
1
1
6**
4f
9
Number of
Places
Serviced
1,569
10,629
23,237
9,300
3,820
7,800
28,924
1,200
0
1,302
400
6,710
5,500
12,600
•Non-response from one community.
tOne community indicated both public and private collection.
"Two communities indicated both public and private collection.
46
112,991
private Collection
Number of
Respondent
Communities
6
4*
8
2
5
25*
23
4*
2
6*
3
1
5**
3t
8*
Number of
Places
Serviced
3,776
1,182
3,669
2,161
6,036
6,925
15,354
401
650
1,934
1,115
920
3,162
662
2,492
105
50,439
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health, "Community Survey," 1969.
-------
Table 9
Respondent Communities With
Business and Commercial Collection
1969
Public Collection
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Area
Development
District
Purchase
Pennyrile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
Kentucky
Number of
Respondent
Communities
2
2
3
2
5
2
5
1
0
0
1
1
5
3
9*
Number of
Places
Serviced
135
367
992
1,799
475
510
2,022
100
0
0
114
1
686
260
993
'Non-response from one community.
tOne community indicated both public and private.
"One community did not indicate number of establishments.
ttThree communities did not indicate number of establishments.
41
8,454
Private Collection
Number of
Respondent
Communities
8t
4**
7
2**
5
11
22
4**
1
6ft
2
50
4t
2
8*
Number of
Places
Serviced
135
147
261
50
567
294
966
54
100
32
80
70
266
60
295
136
3,377
Source: SoVtd Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health. "Community Survey." 1969.
-------
Table 10
Respondent Communities With
Industrial Collection
1969
Public Collection
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
Area
Development
District
Purchase
Pennyrile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Blue grass
Kentucky
Number of
Respondent
Communities
0
1
3t
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
3
4
Number of
Places
Serviced
0
44
5
13
13
30
2
2
0
0
0
1
1
5
14
•Non-response from one community.
tOne community did not indicate number of establishments.
"Two communities did not indicate number of establishments.
ttThree communities did not indicate number of establishments.
20
130
Private Collection
Number of
Respondent
Communities
5tt
1
1
1
2
3
7**
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
5*
Number of
Places
Serviced
1
3
6
3
9
8
20
0
2
0
0
3
0
3
11
28
72
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health, "Community Survey," 1969.
-------
o\
Table 11
Kentucky School* Survey
Waste Collection and Disposal Practices
1969
Number of Schools Indicating
Waste Collection Method
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Area
Development
District
Purchase
Penny rile
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Blue grass
Number
of Schools
100
82
113
65
145
300
165
74
28
56
116
158
195
94
235
Private
Collection
28
5
16
10
44
144
52
10
8
18
31
8
35
22
85
Public
Collection
24
13
44
14
53
142
65
30
4
11
16
3
28
29
85
School
Employee
Collection
68
62
58
47
59
13
19
34
16
35
49
95
130
43
84
Number of Schools Indicating
Waste Disvosal Method
On Site
15
11
14
18
27
10
12
31
0
13
56
53
67
44
35
Open Dump
33
23
15
29
46
3
31
15
16
29
72
109
93
70
69
Landfill
35
31
77
28
72
140
82
50
3
14
5
0
56
8
119
Incinerator
51
32
36
10
32
154
35
0
14
22
39
66
55
13
116
TOTAL
1,976
516
561
812
406
653
720
675
'Includes Public and Private, Elementary and Secondary Schools.
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health, "Local Health Department School Survey," 1969.
-------
Table 12
Kentucky Hospital Survey
Waste Collection and Disposal Practices
1969
District
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
Area
Development
District
Purchase
Pennyrfle
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Blue grass
Number of
Hospitals Indicating
Waste Collection Method
Number of
Hospitals
10
13
8
8
5
19
9
4
2
3
6
4
13
8
24
Number
of Beds
741
2,556
789
674
345
5,715
1,049
536
86
152
280
317
775
379
4.S47
Private
5
3
2
4
1
6
3
2
0
0
1
1
3
1
J_
Public
5
4
6
3
4
13
5
1
2
3
4
1
7
6
13.
Hospital
Employee
2
5
2
2
0
3
1
1
0
0
1
2
3
1
10.
On Site
1
4
0
0
1
0
4
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
_8_
Number of
Hospitals Indicating
Waste Disposal Method
Open Dump
5
4
1
3
0
0
2
1
1
2
6
3
3
7
_9_
Landfill
4
6
8
5
4
3
5
1
1
1
0
0
6
1
_9_
Incinerator
5
3
0
3
2
16
4
4
0
1
2
3
5
0
13L
TOTAL
136
18,941
39
77
33
24
47
54
61
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health, "Local Health Department Hospital Survey," 1969.
-------
Table 13
Solid Waste Disposal Sites
General Character, Appearance, and Operational Problems
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Total Number of Disposal Sites 224
Number of Sanitary Landfills (43% x Sample Size) 21
Total Land Area to be Used for Disposal 3,575 Acres
Percent of Total
Number of Sites
General Character
Quarry or Borrow Pit 8.6
Hillside 39.4
Gully - Canyon 15.4
Marsh or Flood Plain 1.4
Level Areas 18.1
Others 17.2
Appearance and Operational Problems
Unsightly Appearance 86.1
Uncontrolled Blowing Paper 90.6
Routine Burning 75.8
Surface Water Draining Problems 22.0
Leaching Problems 22.0
Lowest Part of Fill is in Water Table 19.4
Source: Bureau of Solid Waste Management, 1968j_Natign_aj[Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices. "Basic Data Reduction—Land Disposal Site I nvestigation Reports,"
U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, July, 1969.
-------
District
Number
Table 14
Summary of Illegal Dumps on Kentucky
Highway Rights-of-Way, 1969
Area Development
District
Total Number
of Counties
Number of
Counties With
No Report
Number of
Dumps
Reported
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Purchase
Pennyrfle
Green River
Barren River
Lincoln Trail
Jefferson
Northern Kentucky
Buffalo Trace
Gateway
FIVCO
Big Sandy
Kentucky River
Cumberland Valley
Lake Cumberland
Bluegrass
8
9
7
10
8
7
8
5
5
5
5
8
8
10
17
7
3
5
4
0
7
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
4
1
15
3
9
57
0
20
22
38
26
39
87
294
86
79
Kentucky
120
37
776
Source: Kentucky Department of Highways Survey, July-August, 1969.
-------
Table 15
Disposal Site Inventory
Commonwealth of Kentucky, 1970
District Area Development State Permit Non-Permitted Total Number of
Number District Sites Sites Sites Identified
1 Purchase 9 32 41
2 Pennyrfle 4 29 33
3 Green River 1 22 23
4 Barren River 3 26 29
5 Lincoln Trail 3 27 30
6 Jefferson 12 16 28
7 Northern Kentucky 8 34 42
8 Buffalo Trace 2 11 13
9 Gateway 099
10 FIVCO 2 10 12
11 Big Sandy 0 41 41
12 Kentucky River 0 27 27
13 Cumberland Valley 2 27 29
14 Lake Cumberland 0 16 16
15 Bluegrass 5 42 47
TOTAL 51 369 420
Note: The above data reflect generally recognized municipal, industrial and some large scale promiscuous ultimate disposal sites. These sites are generally exclusive of
illegal dumps identified by the State Highway Department but include some larger roadside dumps.
Source: Solid Waste Program, Kentucky State Department of Health, March, 1970.
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