Prepublication issue for EPA libvcan.es
and. State Solid Waste Management Agencies
EVALUATION OF SHREDDING FACILITIES ROCK CUT ROAD PLANT NO. 1
ONONDAGA COUNTY SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY
ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK
This final report (SW-86d) describes work performed
for the Federal solid waste management programs under grant No. G06-EC-00318
to ONONDAGA COUNTY SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY
and is reproduced as received from the grantee
Copies of this report will be available from the
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia 22151
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1975
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This report as submitted by the grantee or contractor has not been
technically reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Publication does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of EPA, nor does mention of commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government.
An environmental protection publication (SW-86d) in the solid waste
management series.
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PREFACE
This report contains the results of an evaluation study of Unit
No. 1 of the solid waste shredding facilities at Rock Cut Road in
Onondaga County. The project was conducted by Konski Engineers, P. C.
under contract with the Onondaga County Solid Waste Disposal Authority
for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The collection of data
commenced on January 2, 1974.
Acknowledgement for the very valuable assistance in the conduct
of this study is expressed to the staff of the Onondaga County Solid
Waste Disposal Authority and in particular to Mr. Charles J. McPhail,
Operations Manager; Mr. William Rhyner, Superintendent; Mr. Anthony
Colella, Accountant; and to the entire committee chaired by Mr. Peter L.
Cappuccilli. The Project Engineer for the evaluation study and report
was Mr. William H. Hughes, assisted by Mr. S. Davis Stinson and
Mr. Jack B. Fry singer of Konski Engineers, P. C.
KONSKI ENGINEERS, P. C.
iii
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TABLE Ol1 CONTENTS
PAGE
1. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS . ' 1
2. RECOMMENDATIONS 3
3. INTRODUCTION 4
4. DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS 12
5. SHREDDERS, USES AND FUTURE 24
Uses for Shredders 24
Future of Shredders 28
6. CONCLUSIONS 32
Metropolitan System for Solid Waste Disposal . . 32
Operations 34
Costs 37
7. SUMMARY 39
SECTION A: PERFORMANCE AND DAILY OPERATIONAL
DATA FOR THE SHREDDER FACILITY 40
FACILITY THROUGHPUT 41
POWER REQUIREMENTS 44
Introduction 44
Power System 44
Power Consumption 46
AVERAGE SHREDDER DISCHARGE PARTICLE SIZE ... 48
FACILITY NOISE LEVELS 53
ACTUAL OPERATING SPEEDS 55
WEAR RATES 56
PREDICTED LIFE OF EQUIPMENT 59
RECURRING PROBLEM AREAS 60
General 60
Jams ........... 62
Fires and Explosions 65
Stationary Compactors 65
Electrical 65
Shear Pins 6fi
Oil Pressure 66
Miscellaneous 66
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OPERATING HOURS, DOWN TIMJJ AND PRODUCTION TIME . t,7
Production Chart Definitions 6$
MAINTENANCE 6q
Daily Routine Maintenance 6P
Weekly or Bi-Weekly Routine Maintenance .... 69
Periodic Routine Maintenance 69
Non-Routine Maintenance 70
Hardfacing 71
WATER USED FOR SHREDDER'S OPERATION 72
MOISTURE CONTENT OF SHREDDED MATERIAL .... 73
DUST COLLECTING EQUIPMENT 75
FACILITY HOUSEKEEPING REQUIREMENTS 76
SECTION B: COST DATA FOR DAILY OPERATION
OF SHREDDER FACILITY 77
POWER COSTS 78
LANDFILLING 81
SHREDDER FACILITY COSTS 83
Shredding Costs 83
Service Center Costs 85
Transfer Costs 85
Summary of Shredder Facility Costs 87
MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS 88
REFERENCES 90
APPENDIX A: NEW YORK STATE SANITARY CODE 92
PART 19 REFUSE DISPOSAL 93
PART 190 OPEN FIRES 95
APPENDIX B: ADDITIONAL TABLES AND FIGURES .... 96
FACILITY THROQGHPUT 97
AVERAGE SHREDDER DISCHARGE PARTICLE SIZE .... 109
WEAR ON RING TYPE GRINDERS 124
DAILY PRODUCTION CHARTS 127
SOLID WASTE MILLING FACILITY SITE LAYOUT 139
VI
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure PAGE
1. Location Map 6
2. Onondaga County Solid Waste Milling Facility 11
3. Eidal Shredder 14
4. Breaker Bar 15
5. Horizontal Disc 16
6. Ring Grinders 17
7. Outside Polygon Shell 18
8. Transfer Conveyor and Stationary Packers 20
9. Scale House - Office Building 21
10. Basic Electrical Configuration 45
11. Average Shredder Discharge 'Particle Size,
January-December 1974 49
12. Items Not Shredded and Sold as Scrap 61
13. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, January 1974 109
14. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, February 1974 110
15. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size,
January-February 1974 111
16. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, March 1974 112
17. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, April 1974 113
18. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, May 1974 114
19. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, June 1974 115
20. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, July 1974 116
21. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size,
March-July 1974 117
22. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, August 1974 118
23. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, September 1974 119
24. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, October 1974 120
25. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, November 1974 121
26. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size, December 1974 122
27. Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size,
August-December 1974 123
28. Solid Waste Milling Facility Site Layout 139
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
1,
2.
3,
4.
5,
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12'.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Facility Throughput Summary (Wet Basis) .
Facility Throughput Summary (Dry Basis)
Power Consumption
Shredded Refuse Fineness Modulus ....
Monthly Production Chart Summary ....
Moisture Content
Power Costs
Power Requirements and Costs for Operating Shredder
and Conveyors
Landfill Costs - 1974
Shredding Costs - 1974
Breakdown of Shredding Supplies Cost
Service Center Costs - 1974
Transfer Costs - 1974
Summary of Shredder Facility Costs -
Breakdown of Labor Costs - 1974
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour,
Facility Throughput in Tons Per Hour, December 1974
Wear on Ring Type Grinders Set No. 1
Wear on Ring Type Grinders Set No. 2
Wear on Ring Type Grinders Set No. 3
Daily Production Chart, January 1974
February 1974
March 1974 ....
April 1974 ....
May 1974 ....
June 1974
July 1974 ....
August 1974 .
September 1974
October 1974
1974
• • • •
January 1974
February 1974
March 1974 .
April 1974
May 1974
June 1974
July 1974
August 1974 .
September 1974
October 1974
November 1974
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart,
Daily Production Chart, November 1974
Daily Production Chart, December 1974
PAGE
42
42
47
51
67
73
78
80
81
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85
86
86
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89
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102
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108
124
]25
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EVALUATION OF SHREDDING FACILITIES
ONONDAGA COUNTY SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY
ROCK CUT ROAD PLANT NO. 1
ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK
FINAL REPORT
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. Key to a successful shredding operation and high production rates is
materials flow and proper maintenance.
2 . Shredder discharge particle size got larger as wear on the ring type
grinders increased. Fineness of the shredded product also varied
with the composition and moisture content of the waste.
3. Facility noise levels in some locations were found to exceed limits
currently considered by OSHA as indicating danger of hearing loss
through prolonged exposure.
4. Positive dust collection system desirable in the shredding room of the
facility.
5. Areas of the shredder that require continual rebuilding against wear
should be easily accessible and/or have easily replaceable parts.
6. Jams in the shredder and in the conveying system are the prime causes
of delays.
7. Restrictive bar on in-feed conveyor minimized blockage and provided
for more uniform flow.
8. Size reduction of the baffle plate at the discharge chute minimized
blockage.
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9. Height of opening at end of output conveyor was increased to minimize
blockage.
10. Christmas trees or large quantities of cardboard and paper should be
mixed thoroughly with conventional waste before being fed into shredder.
11. The more the incoming waste is mixed the better the flow.
12. Refrigerators, stoves, washers and dryers can be used to clean out the
shredder and to keep the ring type grinders from binding.
13. Due to improved welding techniques, breaker bar life increased.
14. Materials flow interruption time is about 75 per cent of total down time
or non-production time.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Due to construction problems, shredder manufacturer should sell
equipment as a package, from in-feed conveyors through transfer
conveyors.
2 . Larger tipping floor.
3. Remove oversized material from feed streams.
4. Schedule private haulers for less interference with city refuse trucks.
5. Care must be taken to insure that paint thinners, flammable paints,
gasoline cans, or propane tanks are not fed into the shredder because
of the danger of explosion and fire.
6. Schedule and religiously perform preventative maintenance as required,
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INTRODUCTION
The solid waste problem had become critical in Onondaga County
just as it had in the rest of the country. The generation of solid waste has
increased considerably due to increased urban population densities,
increased use of packaging materials, shut-down of on-site incinerators
to meet air pollution control laws, increase in consumption and shorter
useful lives of consumer goods. It appears that this trend will continue
far into the future. There is also a sharp decline in available urban land
areas for disposal sites due to: (1) difficulties in finding large areas of
undeveloped land for sanitary landfills in urban areas, removed from
residential areas and satisfying necessary criteria to prevent ground water
pollution, and due to (2) public resistance to shipping solid waste to
disposal sites across municipal boundaries.
The Metropolitan System for Solid Waste Disposal in Onondaga County
had its beginnings with a special Citizens' Committee in 1967. Onondaga
County Executive John H. Mulroy appointed this committee to review the
solid waste situation and to recommend a solution. The Committee
reviewed five basic disposal methods. They were: incineration, composting,
baling, pyrolytic destruction and landfill. They also reviewed an
intermediary step, that of milling of refuse. The Committee recommended
that an Authority be established by State Law and that land-related disposal
be practiced with the pretreatment of solid wastes by shredding. The
Committee felt that the change in character of solid wastes brought about by
shredding would alter completely the pattern of acceptance by the community
of its own solid wastes under controlled conditions. The characteristics of
milled refuse that make it more acceptable are that it is homogenous, it
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minimizes rodent and insect vector problems, it tends not to blow in the wind,
it does not readily support combustion, has little odor, may require less
cover, appears to be more easily handled than the raw product and produces
1
less wear on equipment.
The Authority was duly created by the New York State Legislature in
1969 upon request of Onondaga County officials and the County Government
loaned initial monies to the Authority to commence operation. The Authority
does not have taxing powers, it relies on service charges and grants for
income. Since the initial problem was the disposing of the City of Syracuse's
solid wastes, joint discussions were held with the City Administrators and
Legislators. In 1970 Mayor Lee Alexander proposed that a joint venture be
undertaken whereby the City would underwrite construction of the first plant
and in return the Authority would operate its shredder therein. A contract was
entered into following this plan and the site selection process began with the
aid of the design engineers, Konski Engineers, P. C. of Syracuse, New York.
Several sites were evaluated and one was finally selected near an existing
City landfill. Access to all City areas as well as the landfill by existing
and proposed expressways together with the relative isolation from
surrounding land uses make the location ideal. Solid wastes are transferred
and shredded at this site.
The Plant is located on Rock Cut Road in the Town of Onondaga, County
of Onondaga, State of New York, and is situated in the southern part of the
metropolitan area, south of the City of Syracuse and approximately five miles
from the center of downtown Syracuse (Figure 1). The entrance to the sanitary
landfill in which the shredded waste is presently disposed is approximately
one mile from the plant.
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FIGURE 1. Location Map
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The sanitary landfill is operated in accordance wjth the New York ,'Jt.ite
Sanitary Code. Unprocessed refuse is compacted and covered daily with six
inches of cover material, twelve inches of intermediate cover is used, and
at least two feet of final cover is placed on completed portions of the
landfill. Part 19-Refuse Disposal and Part 190-Open Fires of this Code are
included in Appendix A.
The Solid Waste Mill Facility was designed by the engineering firm of
Konski Engineers, P. C. of Syracuse, New York. Special consultants to
Konski Engineers were Witt and Van Keuren, Architects, and Robson & Woese,
Inc., Mechanical and Electrical Engineers. Konski Engineers also furnished '
full time inspection services during the construction period.
Contracts were let in May 1972. Contracts were awarded to The
Visconti Corporation of Solvay, New York, for General Construction; to
Kenneth A. Taylor, Inc. of Syracuse, New York, for Heating, Ventilating
and Air Conditioning; to H.H.&F.E. Bean, Inc. of East Syracuse, New York,
for Plumbing and to the Kay-R Electric Corporation of Syracuse, New York,
for Electrical Work.
The major equipment package consisting of the Eidal Model SW-1150
Shredder, the infeed conveyor, discharge conveyor and the transverse
conveyor was ordered by the Authority in the Spring of 1972. This equipment
was delivered in the Summer of 1972.
Plant construction began in June 1972. Sitework, piling, concrete
foundation work and water line installation proceeded throughout the
Summer and early Fall of 1972. The shredder was installed in September
1972 and the structural steel framework for the building was completed in
October 1972. The erection of the precaste concrete wall and roof panels
was completed in January 1973, the exterior siding in February 1973, the
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membrane roof and the interior siding in March 1973, and installation of
steel overhead doors and concreting of the dump floor was completed in
April 1973.
Installation of the infeed conveyor commenced in October 1972 but due
to misfit problems and missing parts was not completed until July 1973.
Installation of the discharge conveyor and the transverse conveyor commenced
in May 1973 and was completed in early September 1973.
The compactor units and the push pit equipment arrived in May 1973
and installation was complete and checked out by early September 1973.
Installation of the electrical sub-station and switch gear was
completed in August 1973, and power to the plant was activated in August
1973 by the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation. The electrical checkout
by the electrical contractor and General Electric Company, who furnished
much of the electrical switch gear as well as the shredder motors, was
completed in August 1973.
Numerous problems delayed construction of this facility. Right of
entry into a portion of the site at the east end was not obtained until early
October 1972. While this did not delay construction of the plant itself it
did delay the site work. In his foundation work the Contractor encountered
a .very high water table. This, coupled with a record high rainfall in 1972,
also delayed construction. In addition, all the prime contractors and their
sub-contractors experienced some delays in obtaining materials. For
example, exterior siding did not arrive until January 1973, seriously delaying
interior work. The electrical switch gear did not arrive until March 1973,
seriously delaying the electrical contractor. The shredder motor-starter units
were damaged in shipment.
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The Authority chose to have a single contractor supply all of the major
equipment package for the demonstration project and allowed him to select
his own subcontractors. There was poor coordination between the prime
contractor who supplied the shredder and his subcontractor who supplied the
conveyors and the conveyor support systems. Various components of the
major equipment package didn't integrate and portions of the individual
components were missing and other portions were mismatched, requiring
much field renovation. The infeed conveyor arrived overwidth. It did not
fit into the push pit area nor into the shredder hood. In order to install
this conveyor, modifications were required both to the entrance to the push-
pit area and to the shredder hood. The structural supports for the transfer
conveyor were larger than the preliminary layout drawings indicated,
requiring modifications to the support system in order to place the structural
supports in proper position. This caused major problems. The infeed
conveyor was approximately fifty per cent heavier than indicated by
preliminary data received from the supplier. The output and transfer
conveyors were also slightly heavier than listed. This overweight required
the erection subcontractor to furnish much heavier equipment than originally
contemplated and caused further delay in completion of the project.
The contractor for the General Construction Contract of the Solid Waste
Milling Facility who was required by his contract to install this major
equipment package incurred extra costs in the neighborhood of $30,000.
The Authority also had to make some renovations to the major
equipment package. Side plates, 36 inches high by 12 feet long, were
placed on the top of the 30 inch high side skirts of the infeed conveyor at
the lower end to prevent refuse from spilling onto the floor. Additional
catwalks were installed alongside all of the conveyors.
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Each of the above problems contributed to a delay in the completion
of the project. The delays were compounded by some Contractor inefficiency.
10
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FIGURE 2. Onondaga County Solid Waste Milling Facility
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DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS
Refuse material processed in the solid waste milling facility is mainly
ordinary packer-truck refuse as picked up at curbside by the City of Syracuse
Department of Public Works crews and private contractors outside the City.
Rubbish, including "bulky waste", such as furniture, tires and similar refuse
and waste normally collected, can also be processed. No attempt is made to
segregate incoming wastes except for unusually large pieces of solid metals,
large hot water tanks, large truck tires, concrete or the like. These are
picked out prior to shredding and taken directly to'llhe disposal site.
Unusually large concentrations of chemicals, paints and especially highly
combustible wastes are not processed at this facility.
Incoming solid waste is hauled to the transfer process station in
standard refuse compactor trucks. All loads are weighed on a truck scale.
The trucks back into the shredder building unloading alternately into either
of two push pits, which provide storage for uniform feeding of the shredding
equipment. When the push pits are full the trucks unload on the dump floor.
A rubber tired loader then loads a pit soon as it is empty. Solid waste is
transferred from the pits to the infeed conveyor by hydraulically operated
ram devices.
The pits are each 10 feet wide by 11 feet deep by approximately 37
feet long, and are constructed of reinforced concrete with guide rails to
control the motion of the ram. The hydraulic system is under the control of
an operator in the control tower. The pits operate alternately, one receiving
refuse while the other is discharging to the apron conveyor. The refuse is
fed continuously onto the apron conveyor, and then into the shreddor.
12
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The refuse received from the apron conveyor is shroclclod, reduced in
sixe and discharged directly to a bolt conveyor. Tin- .'.lin-ddcr i:. lop-led lulu
the annular space between a vertically mounted rotor and ci stator shell. Tli«j
shell is tapered to present a decreasing dimension to waste passing down
through the machine. Shredded material is swept out of the machine in a
horizontal plane by sweep arms mounted at the bottom of the rotor (Figure 3).
The vertical rotor is made up of a breaker bar (Figure 4) at the top
entry and 60 ring type grinders mounted in pairs on the periphery of
several horizontal discs (Figure 5) along the depth of the rotor above
the sweep arms. The ring type grinders weigh approximately 64 pounds
each (Figure 6). They are of hardened steel with a specified minimum
surface hardness of 50 Rockwell C. The pins which provide the axis for
the ring type grinders are of high strength steel with a specified
minimum yield point of 90,000 PSI. The grinders are free floating because
there is a pin-to-grinder clearance of 1 1/2 inches. This clearance allows
the ring grinders to move outward under the influence of centrifugal force.
The rotating breaker bars perform the initial size reduction through a
tearing action. The refuse flows downward due to the force of gravity and
the pushing action of new materials being forced in on top. The refuse is
gradually reduced In size by the action of the 60 free-floating ring type
grinders attached to the rotor assembly, working in combination with fixed
vertical wear bars projecting out from the replaceable liner plates. Additional
reduction is achieved by the movement of the waste materials themselves
working against one another.
The shell of the shredder is a 12 sided polygon (Figure 7) in cross suction
with sides converging downward. It is equipped with heat treated liner plates
held in place by high strength liner bolts. Replaceable liner plates fit on
13
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SHELL L»CR NSTALLAHON
ROTOR CENTER SECTION
A CJ9&L* DETAIL
ANCHOR BOLT GEAR80K BASE ASS'Y
ELECTRC MOTORS 2 flEOD
350. 40Q 9001 OP 575 HP IA
MOTOR MOU4T ASS V
STAflTtR ASS Y
FU.X COUPLING ASSTY
STARTING GEAR PMGN CAflTROGE ASS'V
N5TALLATION
J
Flgxire 3. EIDAL SHREDDER
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FIGURE 4. Breaker bar
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FIGURE 5. Horizontal disc,
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FIGURE 6. Ring Grinders,
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FIGURE 7. Outside polygon shell
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the flat faces of the inside of the shell so that they are completely locked in
place by the geometry of the shell. The shell is equipped with a removable
bolted door for easy inspection and maintenance. The steel shell is one
inch thick and the replaceable liners are also one inch thick.
The shredder is equipped with a horizontal gear drive train with a
final gear mounted directly on the shredder rotor. The gear drive is enclosed
and is equipped with a spray type lubrication system. All drive components
are mounted on heavy duty anti-friction bearings.
The two main motors are foot mounted suitable for vertical shaft down
operation. They are of open drip-proof construction. They are nominal
500 HP, 1800 RPM, with a 300 per cent breakdown torque for operation at
2300 volts, 3 phase, 60 HZ. They are direct coupled to the drive gear train
through flexible couplings. The shredder is equipped with a 75 HP starting
motor, coupled to the drive train through a flexible coupling, right angle
gear box and one-way clutch to remove the high starting interia from the
main motors. The starting motor is capable of accelerating the shredder to
motor shaft speed of 1260 RPM in 2-1/2 minutes. The starting motor is of
open drip-proof construction, 1800 RPM, for use at 460 volts, 3 phase, 60 HZ.
The output belt conveyor receives shredded waste from the shredder
and transports it to the transfer conveyor (Figure 4). The reversible transfer
conveyor receives shredded waste from the belt conveyor and transfers it
alternately into one of two stationary compactors. The compactors receive
shredded material from the reversible conveyor and discharge that material
into 40 CY compactor trucks. The compactor ram mechanism is capable of
developing compaction forces in excess of 90,000 pounds. Automatic
latching and locking devices secure the trucks to the compactors during
loading.
19
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f
M
3
FIGURE 8. Transfer Conveyor and Stationary Packers
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FIGURE 9. Scale House - Office Building
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Tl.n r.V'J-ied sojid waste ib then transported to the Brighton H?lghts
Sanitary Lcndtill for final disposal.
The shredde*- buj L:Ung (rirjare 2) is approximately 104 feet by 128 feet
in olar . J"4- has •*. cc-iorete foundatior built, on pipr piles f -Liven to bedrock
and a .-.'_e». frane wi^'- n^tui siaincr upper walls and precast concrete p]^nK.
The rvij.< j.i-f.itt-,y iacil itiss. h '-*-.•• 4~^' aT ..^ i -=.LL \»
houses j. " -: ' o-wi ovei ^h,^ . i-r.rv
T'.
48 fof.l in "^inn and also wa T r/.'ilt with .T4 stee.1 rrar-.-.e on a coicret« * .-.;.3.i
It hai raetr-] s^udwic: paneu v.Mll«- and In&ulating qjass wiiu!3\«'s :uil yo-j
Thn off Loaf- ?or 'bo O-.ion^d^a C^un^v Solid Waste Dispose] /v.r.i-' ; * * :ue
corta.r. ••; her?'n i'i • lo'iior '.' '.I e S'JM.'G hou&o 3nd recoi<-i i -j- ; ir.'' . -.-.il
n -i t!-«2 n;-»;^r eQwip^snt pnckeye is a.s :o!' .-•;.:
Mdnl. Irit^rri^tionuJ Corporation, Albuqucrqu' . T- >v M«=
M • r-i 1150. •.•'.-iUjn • n ' -i
ncrr»i.:'. .••iresti> wastos. i '20 o to-".: by 13 feet by 19 fot* ^ -•}-•. 'I' •'. :1
wc*nht appro:. '-iiatfiv 54 iciiti. Rotnr woiijht 37 tons, spervi 3'A, ic- . .
Ijy two nom'tirl 500 HP ir.--tc;rr, .-pr-r'itiac on 2390 volts /,.C, O:ia::'. j'
desiv.ca tc r,hr.^d aut^mcblj'ds. Thi-. hhreddf.r is nov; manur." +.'.•(•.,•. \ .
Fan-,: i n n"..i ) A o. (...=; rs"i'u.i-''.!m Environ nyiuai System c, ' r..
_ . _ . ,. ?j I'1"'-"' i'lus'ler, Di'-'i.'i'ion "f Rjpl^ o.ty ,'•. -..rir •
"-, .--1:1; • .','.. '.r:' !H ii'f.T'i i,-j!L onvpyor about 52 i'l-?1- " -ug '.->. •<.ti t<".
center rv-^ • . . 1 11 o .'ley.: >.n -".nt-c: ai. -ir1 ;:ngle of 3fi c!' I«:F. . V».-.:::
fi fpnt ie-. - t • •->• •- of -.i--:" i.kirt.^.. Acron plates are 1/2 ir, •!-, *:- -^ ./:r- n'^-
hir.^f..- ' •nno-' :. L. 'V < . '.- . jf pins \\ inch diamci-?; '.-r.i &r -• . jn-,c»t'.'
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speed 33.4 feet per minute. Approximate weight 70,000 pounds.
Output and Transfer Conveyors: Iron Hustler troughing flexible belt
conveyors with 48 inch wide by 15/16 inch Hack fabric reinforced :.yntht-li(.
rubber belts. Discharge conveyor is approximately 3LJ foot center to conLcr
pulleys and inclined at an angle of 24 degrees. Rated operating speed 150
feet per minute. Weight about 10,000 pounds. Transfer (reversible) conveyor
is approximately 14 feet long center to center pulleys. Level. Rated
operating speed 170 feet per minute. Weight about 5,000 pounds.
23
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SHREDDERS, USES AND FUTURi:
Uses for Shredder
The major uses of solid waste shredders has been for size reduction
before landfilling, size reduction during composting, size reduction prior to
incineration and size reduction in a resource recovery process.
Size Reduction Before Landfilling. Shredding municipal refuse as a
processing step in solid waste management may appear to be a needless
operation. However, a significant improvement in refuse as a disposal item
in a sanitary landfill is obtained by the shredding operation.
The shredded material is homogeneous. That is, most of the shredded
material has lost its identity as ordinary refuse. It looks like shredded paper
or oversize confetti. The shredded material is easier to distribute and
compact at the landfill, and makes possible a more uniform landfill density.
Blowing papers and housekeeping problems at the landfill are minimized.
The shredded material has almost no odor, it does not readily support
combustion, and is not attractive to rodents and insects. There is apparently
an increase in density in compacted shredded material as compared with
unshredded refuse and the shredded material does not need to be entirely
covered with earth on a daily basis. Since this would reduce the volume in
the landfill, a more efficient utilization of land is possible and there is a
savings in cover material costs.
Since most of the shredded material has lost its identity as ordinary
refuse, there is less adverse public reaction to proposed disposal sites.
Thus a landfill site can be located nearer to populated areas with less
complications, affording savings in transportation costs. The problem of
educating the public to accept these facts still remains, however.
24
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Land that is now otherwise unusable can be reclaimed. Quarries and
exhausted sand and gravel pits could be filled and converted to useful lands.
Borrow pits from which fill is removed to build highways, could enter the
program of reclamation. Ravines 'could be filled if not carrying substantial
amounts of water. (Drainage pipes'would be placed in the ravine before the
commencement of landhlling.) Level land would then be made available for
development of recreation areas. A pair of drumlins close together offer some
possibilities: the entire area between them could be filled, with the cover
materials coming from the drumlin, and this whole landform could be
transformed into useful land for development. A variation on this could be
the establishment of a whole new concept of outdoor winter recreational
activities such as snowmobile and, ski trails.
The shredding process offers some advantages when properly applied to
specific situations, especially when the intangibles in solid waste
management are considered. It offers its greatest advantage where cover
material is scarce or costly. In all cases, the benefits must be balanced
against the additional cost of shredding and the potential for generating the
same problems common to ordinary landfills.
There are some disadvantages or problems associated with the use of
shredded refuse, also. Shredded refuse has as great a potential for water
pollution, both by leachate and direct pollution, as other refuse not covered
and graded. Uncompacted shredded refuse has a low density. It must be
transported to the fill area and thoroughly compacted to obtain full advantage
10
of the process. The exposed surface of the shredded refuse will absorb
most of the moisture falling upon it. Field capacity tests have been made on
ground refuse in research at Drexel University. (Field capacity is defined as
the maximum moisture content which a soil or refuse can retain in a
25
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gravitational field without producing significant leachate.) These studies
found that as refuse size decreases, the field capacity increases
significantly. It was concluded from these studies that grinding of refuse
greatly increases field capacity thus retarding the first appearance of
4
leachate from a landfill constructed of ground refuse.
Size Reduction During Composting. In the past the most extensive
use of size reduction equipment has been in the preparation of compost.
Most composting processes in use today require some sort of size reduction.
Particle size must be reduced to facilitate handling, digestion and mixing of
the materials in the composting process. However, composting in the
United States has enjoyed little commercial success primarily because of
5, 7
excessive operating costs and lack of substantial markets.
Size Reduction Prior to Incineration. Size reduction equipment has been
used as an accessory operation for incineration. In the past, size reduction
has been used for the reduction of large appliances and bulky items prior to
incineration. These wastes are often too large for direct charging, they bum
too slowly and contain some non-combustible portions.
Incinerators have been designed specifically for burning shredded
refuse. Raw refuse is a heterogenous material with its constituent
parts having a widely-varying heating value. When unshredded refuse is
burned, hot spots occur which contribute to tube corrosion and slagging on
the furnace walls. In order to reduce these hot spots, many incinerators
operate with large amounts of excess air necessitating larger air pollution
equipment. Refuse that is shredded and then suspension fired is converted
7
from a heterogenous to a homogenous fuel. Certain advantages accrue
from shredding and suspension firing: refuse handling can be done by
conveyors, thus eliminating overhead cranes (conveyors generally have a
26
-------
mon: uniform food rote); incinerators can operate with Ir:,:, cxi-r:.,:1. an , tlni.-,
furnace size and air pollution equipment sizes are smaller with attendant
cost savings; more complete combustion is obtained.
Size Reduction in a Resource Recovery Process. Many resource
recovery processes require shredding of the refuse as a step in the system.
Separation equipment available today generally requires that the refuse fed
to it be homogeneous and not exceed a certain top size. Unshredded refuse
would require larger separation equipment and since it is not homogeneous
and moisture is not distributed evenly throughout, materials would tend to
cling together and block proper operation of such equipment. A more
complete recovery of resources, such as glass, aluminum and ferrous can
7
be obtained with shredding as an initial step in the process.
As noted previously size reduction equipment has been used as an
accessory operation for incineration. Recovering the heat generated by
incineration is another resource recovery process. Shredded refuse can be
used as a supplementary fuel or as the primary fuel.
There are several advantages to a waste heat recovery system.
Burning shredded refuse for its fuel value provides a useful application for
what is now being discarded. Heat recovery incineration is less expensive
than conventional incineration. The size of air pollution equipment required
is smaller since less excess air is required and the volume of gas that must
be cleaned before it is exhausted is reduced. Refuse is a low sulfur fuel,
so sulfur oxide emissions would be reduced. This also reduces the required
size of air pollution equipment. Conventional fuel consumption would be
5 7
reduced thereby conserving some of our national resources. '
Heat recovery incineration is a viable process. Power plant boilers
that are fueled by pulverized coal can be adapted to permit the firing of
27
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shredded refuse as a supplementary fuel. However, there are some added
costs for the heat recovery equipment and for extra maintenance. The supply
of refuse is variable as well as the heat content which makes for some
difficulty in matching the supply to the demand. Therefore, the best use for
this type of heat recovery incineration would appear to be in conjunction with,
or an addition to, an existing system.
Pyrolysis is a process often referred to as destructive distillation,
through which materials break down into simpler compounds and elements by
means of heating in either an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment. The
products of pyrolysis are solids, liquids and gases.
A pyrolysis system has been developed by the Garrett Research and
Development Company of La Verne, California to handle municipal refuse.
The system uses primary shredding as an initial step to reduce the refuse to
a two inch particle size, and secondary shredding after air classification,
drying, screening, magnetic separation and froth flotation to reduce the
material to No. 50-mesh-size particles. A two hundred ton-per-day solid
waste pyrolysis plant is being designed and is to be constructed in San Diego
7
County, California.
Future of Shredders
Future Market. The future market for solid waste shredders appears to
be very good, and it would appear that their greatest use may well be in the
resource recovery process.
Size reduction or shredding before landfilling is being used today in
many locations. It will continue to be used particularly in areas where cover
material is scarce. Where disposal sites must be located close to populated
areas it will be used simply because of the more desirable properties of
28
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shredded refuse in comparison to the raw or unshredded product.
The use of :.hrecl
-------
There are problems to be sure. Many of the resource recovery systems
are still in the developmental or pilot plant stage, while others that are
operational have not been so long enough to iron out all the imperfections in
their systems or to provide true long range costs.
Operational Problems. The shredder can process almost all municipal
solid waste that is picked up at curbside by the City of Syracuse. All normal
domestic waste including garbage, rubbish, household bulk wastes (such as
chairs, tables, cabinets, stuffed chairs, sofas, hide-a-beds, inner spring
mattresses, bed frames, bed springs, rolled carpets), small tree limbs (up
to 1^ inch), foliage, fences, flooring, sidings, doors, lumber, storm
windows, screen doors, stoves, washers, dryers, refrigerators, plumbing
fixtures, cast iron soil pipe, automobile fenders, hoods, automobile tires
with or without steel wheels, steel bolts, bars, angle iron (up to l| inch)
and strapping can be processed.
The shredder will also process commercial and industrial wastes
including garbage, rubbish, construction debris, brush, pallets, and
packaging materials.
There are some materials that can not be or should not be fed to the
shredder. The physical size of items to be shredded is limited by the size
of the feed opening of the shredder. Materials such as earth, rock, soil,
sand, gravel, concrete, reinforcing rods, toxic or hazardous wastes,
sanitary sewage wastes, hardened crank shafts and gears, truck tires, large
hot water tanks and long pieces of steel cable have been found to jam the
shredder. Crank shafts and gears will increase the wear on the shredder and
will also jam the shredder.
Care must be taken to insure that paint thinners, flammable paints,
gasoline cans, or propane tanks are not fed into the shredder due to the
30
-------
danger of explosion nnd fire.
These undesirable materials are usually hand picked from the dump
floor or the infeed conveyor before they are fed to the shredder in order to
eliminate potential problems or hazardous conditions.
31
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CONCLUSIONS
Metropolitan System for Solid Waste Disposal
The Metropolitan System for Solid Waste Disposal in Onondaga County
had its beginnings with a special Citizens Commitee in 1967. This committee,
as indicated in the INTRODUCTION to the report, reviewed the solid waste
situation and recommended that an Authority be established by State Law and
that land-related disposal be practiced with the pretreatment of solid wastes
by shredding. The committee felt that the change in character of solid waste
brought about by shredding would alter completely the pattern of acceptance
by the community of its own solid wastes under controlled conditions.
The metropolitan system for solid waste disposal in Onondaga County
is still not a complete reality. Only the City of Syracuse and a handful of
the seventeen towns that make up Onondaga County are using the Onondaga
County Solid Waste Disposal Authority's facilities. However, this use is
expected to increase. In December 1974 a second shredder facility adjoining
the existing Rock Cut Road Plant was put into operation, thus doubling the
capacity of the Authority's Rock Cut Road Plant to 80 tons per hour.
The County is constructing another shredder facility in the northern
section of the metropolitan area. This 40 ton per hour facility is expected to
be completed in late 1975 and will be operated by the Authority.
The additional shredding capacity provided by the completion of these
plants will enable the Authority to handle much more of the County1 s solid
wastes thus encouraging more of the towns in the County to use the Authority's
facilities. The proliferation of landfills throughout the County will decrease
as the Authority gradually takes over the responsibility for final disposal of
the County's solid wastes. Sanitary landfilling should also become more
32
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economical as the Authority's regional landfills replace the numerous local
landfills.
Thus, with the Authority gradually taking over responsibility for disposal
of the County's solid wastes, it appears that the metropolitan system for
solid waste disposal envisioned by the Citizens Committee could become a
reality in the near future.
The metropolitan system for solid waste disposal was given a
significant thrust towards fulfillment in September 1974 when Onondaga
County revealed a feasibility study recommending the construction of a heat
recovery incinerator/boiler plant to recover the heat content of municipal
solid waste generated within the County.
The report recommended that a heat recovery incinerator/boiler plant
be constructed adjacent to the existing Syracuse University steam plant, and
that a central chilled water facility be constructed there also.
According to the report the plant would have the capacity to incinerate
an estimated 1,000 tons of solid waste per day, recovering energy from the
solid waste in the form of steam. The steam would be used directly for
heating and would also power turbine-driven refrigeration machines to chill
water for air conditioning. The proposed plant would supply heating and air
conditioning to Onondaga County, Syracuse University and four hospitals.
The plan further proposes using the two shredding facilities as transfer
stations for the northern and southern sections of the County and to shred
bulky items. Two additional transfer stations are proposed for the eastern
3
and western sections of the County.
Additional studies are to be done on this system, and should show
the advantages of converting refuse from a heterogeneous to a homogenous
fuel by shredding and the suspension firing of the refuse. Shredding and
33
-------
suspension firing would require less excess air to operate the furnace, so
furnace size and air pollution equipment would be smaller with corresponding
cost savings. In addition, more complete combustion of the refuse would
be obtained.
Operations
Production. The key to a successful shredding operation and high
production rates is materials flow and proper maintenance. It has been
found at the.Syracuse, New York facility that the shredder can operate at
peak capacity by keeping a constant controlled flow of solid wastes into
the shredder and providing enough transfer vehicles to remove the shredded
wastes as fast as they are processed.
The Eidal Shredder is rated conservatively at 40 tons per hour. The
operational production rate for the shredder for the study year 1974 was an
average of 47.8 tons per hour. The overall plant production rate for the same
period was an average of 38.0 tons per hour. A total of 69,129 tons of
refuse was processed in 1974.
In order to keep the production rates high it is also necessary that
shredder downtime be minimized. During the study year 1974 the shredder
plant was in operation an average of 7.5 hours per day, the plant operating
time or "spin time" being defined as the time between initial start-up of the
shredder to the shutdown at the completion of the production day. There was
an average downtime or delays of 1. 5 hours per day resulting in an average
of 6.0 hours per day of actual production time. "Downtime" is defined as
any time in which the shredder is not grinding refuse for any reason between
the initial start-up of the shredder to the shutdown at completion of the
production day (i.e.) any time the shredder is not processing refuse during
34
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normal working hours.
Discharge Particle Size. Generally, discharge particle size gradually
got larger as wear on the ring type grinders increased, Gradation of the
shredded product also varied with the composition and moisture content of
the waste. A preliminary conclusion can be drawn to the effect that
increased moisture content of the refuse results in a finer shredded product
and increasing wear on the ring type grinders results in a coarser shredded
product.
Moisture Content. The moisture content of the shredded refuse varied
from 10.0 to 41.1 per cent with an average of 24.6 per cent. Early in 1974
the Authority discontinued adding water to the refuse. This action did
slightly decrease the moisture content. However, refuse composition and
the weather conditions prevailing during collection appeared to have more
effect on refuse moisture content.
Facility Noise Levels. Noise levels at several locations in the plant
were found to exceed limits currently considered by the federal government
(OSHA) as indicating danger of hearing loss through prolonged exposure.
The Onondaga County Solid Waste Disposal Authority has purchased ear-
protective headgear for all employees, and rotates employees in those areas
where the noise is excessive.
Dust Control. There is no dust collection equipment in the shredding
area other than 1/2 inch mesh screening covering the outfeed conveyor, the
transfer conveyor and the tops of the hoppers over the packers. The
Authority felt that dust could be controlled by adding water to the refuse in
the shredder. It was discovered, however, that adding sufficient water to
control dust caused the ring type grinders to bind on their axles Inducing
35
-------
uneven wear, and the use of water was discontinued. It now appears that
a positive dust collection system would be very desirable in the shredding
room of the facility.
Wear Rates. Wear rates have been found to be non-uniform. Areas
subject to wear must be constantly Inspected in order to catch the wear
before it becomes a problem. In the shredder, the top breaker arms, the
area under the top breaker arms, the separator rings, the bottom sweeper
plates and the area of the shredder wall under the infeed conveyor are
subject to considerable wear and must be' continually built up and hardfaced.
Wear in the sweeper area of the shredder was so extensive that despite
constant hardfacing holes were worn through the shredder wall. Access to
this area for maintenance purposes was extremely difficult, so replaceable
liner plates were eventually installed in this area.
Liner plates and ring type grinders are also subject to considerable
wear and must be replaced periodically.
It is imperative that areas of the shredder that are subject to wear be
constantly maintained. To ease the performance of this maintenance, areas
of the shredder that require continual rebuilding against wear should be
easily accessible and/or have easily replaceable parts.
Maintenance. In order to keep refuse production rates high it is
necessary that shredder shutdown be minimized. Preventative maintenance
must be scheduled and religiously performed as required. This includes
lubrication and oil changes as well as repairs and replacement of worn parts.
Problems. The shredder can process almost all normal municipal solid
waste from garbage to refrigerators. It is the small portion that can not or
should not be processed that causes problems. Items such as gears, axles
and large hot water tanks will not only jam the shredder but can cause
36
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severe damage.
Jams in the shredder and in the conveying system are the prime cause
of delays and can be considered a major problem. Close attention must be
given to proper feed rates, removal of non-shreddable materials before they
reach the shredder and mixing of excessive amounts of paper and cardboard
with other refuse. The Authority has found that the more the incoming waste
is mixed the better the flow through the shredding operation. The mixing is
performed with the pay loader on the dump floor.
Fires and explosions are another problem as mentioned previously.
Care must be taken to insure that cans that may contain paint thinners,
flammable paints or gasoline are not fed into the shredder due to the danger
of explosion and fire. Propane tanks present a special hazard.
Power Requirements. During operational hours (the hours during which
the shredder is operating), the energy consumption is 256 KW/Hour for the
shredder, 75 KW/Hour for the motor control center, 36 KW/Hour for the
shredder building and 23 KW/Hour for the scale house, for a total of
390 KW/Hour.
The average monthly kilowatt demand during the evaluation period was
594 kilowatts, the average monthly reactive KVA demand was 542 kilovolt
amperes and the average yearly power consumption was 85,718 kilowatt
hours.
Costs
Power. Power costs for the period January 8, 1974 through December 7,
1974 totaled $28,164.15 for 64,590 tons of waste processed or a cost of
$0.44 per ton of refuse shredded. The total average electrical cost was
$2,560.36 per month. The cost of electricity per shredder operational hour
37
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was $16.81.
Landftiling. During 1974, a total of 69,129 tons of shredded refuse
and 62,314 tons of unshredded refuse was disposed of at the Onondaga
County Solid Waste Disposal Authority's Brighton Heights Sanitary Landfill.
This total of 131,443 tons of refuse was landfilled at an average cost of
$2.67 per ton.
Shredder Facility Costs. These costs are for the full year 1974 and
are based on shredding 69,129 tons of refuse. The costs are broken down
into shredding costs, service center costs and transfer costs. All costs
are included.
The shredding cost was $455,019 or $6.58 per ton. The service
center cost was $33, 599 or $0.49 per ton. The transfer cost was $59,295
or $0.86 per ton. The total shredder facility cost in 1974 was $547,913 or
$7.93 per ton.
The year 1974 was the first year of operation of this facility.
Production rates increased as the Authority's personnel became more
experienced with the operation of the facility. The average tonnage shredded
per operating day in 1974 was 284.5 tons. The Authority now feels that it
can average at least 325 tons per operating day throughout the year.
It is estimated that the total cost per ton of $7.93 could be reduced to
$6.94 with the projected increase in production and ignoring the effects of
inflation. This is based on an average production of 325 tons of refuse
shredded per operating day. This production rate appears to be conservative
as production rates to date in 1975 have exceeded this amount.
38
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SUMMARY
The hardware package, which consists of the Eidal Model SW-1150
shredder, the mfeed conveyor, outfeed conveyor, transfer conveyor, and
associated equipment, was inspected and checked between October 15 and
26, 1973, by a representative of the Eidal International Corporation with the
assistance of Onondaga County Solid Waste Disposal Authority personnel.
From October 26, 1973 to December 6, 1973, the Authority made
further checks and tests and painted and modified equipment. During this
period of time tare weights for the City of Syracuse refuse collection trucks
were obtained.
The shredder shakedown period commenced on December 7, 1973, The
production of December 7 and 10, 1973, was classified as "break-in days".
No quantities were recorded. Full production with recording commenced on
December 11, 1973. The shakedown period was considered complete as of
the end of December 1973 ,
The adjoining rjhredder Unit No. 2 became operational in December
1974. The first unit was then shut down on December 28, 1974 to await
replacements for severely worn shredder wall liner plates.
The collection of daily ciata for this report began on January 2, 1974,
and continued through December 28, ]974. The analysis of this data is
contained In the body of this report.
39
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EVALUATION OF SHREDDING FACILITIES
ONONDAGA COUNTY SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY
ROCK CUT ROAD PLANT NO. 1
ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK
FINAL REPORT
SECTION A
PERFORMANCE AND DAILY OPERATIONAL
DATA FOR THE SHREDDER FACILITY
40
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FACILITY THROUGHPUT
During the twelve month period of evaluation, which was also the first
year of operation of the plant, the production rates increased greatly.
The operational production rate is defined as the number of tons of
solid waste processed per unit of time during the time the shredder is
actually grinding refuse. Downtime is omitted from this figure;, therefore, it
10
is a measure of the shredder's efficiency. The operational production rate
increased from 35.6 tons per hour to a high of 64. 6 tone per hour in
November 1974, with an average of 47.8 tons per hour for the year. The
Eidal Shredder is rated conservatively at 40 tons per hour.
The overall production rate is defined as the number of tons of solid
waste processed divided by the time the shredder was running plus downtime;
10
therefore, it is a measure of the plant's efficiency. The overall production
rate increased from a low of 26.9 tons per hour to a high of 55.1 tons per
hour in the month of November 1974, with an average of 38.0 tons per hour
for the year.
A summary of the facility throughput for the study year 1974 is shown
in Table 1. Daily quantities are included in the Appendix.
Table 1 shows that very high production rates were achieved in the
last six months of the year. This is also the period of high moisture content
as noted under MOISTURE CONTENT OF SHREDDED MATERIAL. In order to
more accurately present production data, Table 2 was prepared using dry tons
shredded and calculating production rates in dry tons per hour.
A comparison of dry tons per hour shows that the production rates for
the last six months of the year are still higher than the first six months.
However, the increase is not quite so dramatic. The table does show that
41
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TABLE 1
FACILITY THROUGHPUT SUMMARY (WET BASIS)
Month
1974
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Overall
Oper.
Days
22
20
11
22
22
20
23
19
21
23
21
19
243
Total
Tons
Processed
4,649
5,092
2,969
6,065
5,224
4,576
6,572
6,169
7,393
7,771
7,212
5.437
69,129
Tons
Production Rates
Processed Tons Per Hour
Per Day
211.3
254.6
269.9
275.7
237.4
228.8
285.8
324.7
352.1
337.9
343.4
286.1
284.5
Operational
35.8
37.4
35.6
39.2
39.6
42.6
50.2
53.5
61.4
59.8
64.6
57.2
47.8
Overall
26.9
30.7
31.2
31.7
28.1
31.5
38.8
43.4
48.5
50.3
55.1
47.3
38.0
TABLE 2
FACILITY THROUGHPUT SUMMARY (DRY BASIS)
Month
1974
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Overall
Average
Percent
Moisture
Content*
19.3
20.3
14.8
16.9
20.8
22.5
25.8
23.3
30.3
30.2
35.2
30.6
24.6
Production
Rates
Dry Tons Per Hour
Dry Tons
Processed
3,752
4,058
2,530
5,040
4,137
3,546
4,877
4,732
5,153
5,424
4,673
3,773
51,695
Operational
28.8
29.9
30.3
32.5
31.2
33.0
37.1
40.8
42.7
42.3
41.9
39.9
35.7
Overall
21.7
24.5
26.5
26.3
22.2
24.4
28.8
33.3
33.8
35.1
35.7
32.8
28.4
*Average moisture content of processed refuse.
42
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for the last six months of the year, despite varying moisture contents of
23.3 per cent to 35.2 per cent, the production rates remomod fairly constant.
The Authority in its first year of operation has found that production
is directly related to materials handling. The rated capacity of the Eidal
Shredder can be increased by keeping a constant, controlled flow of solid
wastes into the shredder and providing enough transfer trucks to remove the
shredded waste as fast as it is processed. Three 40 cubic yard transfer
trucks are needed to haul the shredded solid wastes to the sanitary landfill.
In order to increase input the Authority also raised the restrictor bars.
These restrictor bars are placed across the lower end of the infeed conveyor
just beyond the point where the push pits load the infeed conveyor to control
the burden height of solid waste on the infeed conveyor.
The above actions as well as an overall increase in efficiency as the
Authority1 s personnel become experienced in the operation of the plant are
the major reasons for the increased production at this plant.
During the year 1974 the shredder plant was in operation an average
of 7.5 hours per day, with an average downtime or delays of 1.5 hours per
day resulting in an average of 6.0 hours per day of actual production time.
43
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POWER REQUIREMENTS
Introduction
The power consumption study for Shredder I Facility covers the period
from January 8, 1974 to December 7, 1974. Data collected for December
1974 has been eliminated since Shredder II was put on line in this time
period and both demand and kilowatt-hour usage value are much higher than
average.
Our study is based on utility billing dates, the total number of hours
during the billing period and the hours which the Shredder worked during the
utility billing period.
The following are some definitions of terms used herein:
Kilowatt - Actual energy consumed in performing work
Kilowatt-hour - Measuring datum for energy usage
Demand - Maximum kilowatts consumed in any fifteen minute period
Reactive KVA Demand - KVA is made up of kilowatt and reactive KVA and is
measured in kilovolt amperes. Reactive KVA is electricity which is
used to keep the motors idling but not performing work. The utility
fines the user for reactive KVA which exceeds a stipulated limit.
Total Hours - All hours in billing period
Operational Hours - Those hours during which the Shredder is operating.
Power System
The Shredder power system operates at 2300V while the conveyors and
auxiliary equipment operate at 480V. Lighting and heat operates at 277V and
120V. Figure 10 is a single line diagram which shows the basic electrical
configuration of the facility.
44
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NIAGARA MOHAWK POWER CORP.
15 KV SERVICE
I
NMPC METERING
2500 KVA
2500 KVA
T
^j^j^f
at
8
O
r
2300 V
I
RECORDING
WATTMETER
480V SWITCHGEAR
480V
KVA
.1
TT:
WATTMETi
K
U
O
r
z
O
V)
to
2300V
STARTER
^=n
J
(M
Ul
O
I
Q.
O
BASIC ELECTRICAL
CONFIGURATION
SHREDDER FACILITY
FIGURE 10
45
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As can be seen from Figure 6, power consumption can easily bo divided
into four (4) groups:
a) Shredder
b) Motor Control Center (conveyors, packers, push pits)
c) Shredder Building Auxiliaries (light and heat)
d) Scale House (light and heat)
The average kilowatt-hour used by each segment can be estimated from
field measured data. The breakdown of energy consumption during
operational hours is as follows:
Shredder 256 KW/Hr
Motor Control Center 75 KW/Hr
Shredder Building 36 KW/Hr
Scale House 23 KW/Hr
390 KW/Hr
During non-operational hours while repairs are being made to the
Shredder and some Scale House load remains on line, the total load is 59 KW.
When there is no work in progress, the load drops to 49 KW.
Power Consumption
Power consumption is shown in Table 3.
46
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TABLE 3
POWER CONSUMPTION
(January 8 through December 7, 1974)
Billing
Period
Ending
2/74
3/74
4/74
5/74
6/74
7/74
8/74
9/74
10/74
11/74
12/74
1/74
Total
Average
Total Hours Operational
in Billing
Period
696
720
696
768
720
768
744
672
696
768
768
Data Not
8016
728.7
Hours
173.3
150.8
130.8
177.4
177.6
133.9
144.6
142.8
155.1
148.2
140.9
Applicable
1.675.4
152.3
KW
Demand
651
525
672
609
756
483
588
588
567
546
546
6531 5,
594
RKVA
462
441
504
546
567
525
546
567
546
525
735
.964
542
KWH
100,800
88,200
86,100
96,600
79,800
65,100
69,300
79,800
86,100
86,100
105,000
942.900
85,718
47
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AVERAGE SHREDDER DISCHARGE PARTICLE SEK
The Study included analyzing the particle size of the shredded refuse
produced by the Eidal Shredder. Samples of the shredded waste were taken
once a week from the transfer conveyor. These samples were spread out in
a very thin layer and then air dried for a period of approximately seven days.
The air dried sample was then reduced to the proper size by quartering,
the sample usually being quartered at least three times to get the desired
sample size. Care was taken during the quartering process to insure that the
extremely fine particles and the large pieces were evenly distributed
throughout the sample during the quartering process.
A sieve analysis was then made of the quartered sample. In order to
prevent larger pieces of waste material, generally paper products, from
blocking screens and preventing the smaller particles from passing through
the screens, it was found necessary to do some hand sorting of material and
to pass the finer particles through the screens in the shaker first.
Results of the sieve analyses were plotted on semi-logarithmic paper.
A graph showing the average shredder discharge particle size for each set of
ring grinders used is included herein (Figure 11) . Additional particle size
graphs are included in the Appendix. Graphs were plotted for each month,
January 1974 through December 1974. Graphs were also plotted for the
periods January through February 1974, March through July 1974, and August
through December 1974. January through February 1974 is the period of time
when the original ring type grinders were in use in the shredder. These sixty
original ring type grinders were replaced with new ones in early March 1974
and these remained in service until August 2, 1974. This second set of
ring type grinders was replaced at that time and the third set remained in
48
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•a
f
s
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
ct •.
s t i
1/2
1/4 l/» V* 1/32
Figure 11. Average shredder discharge particle size January to Deceiober 1974
-------
service through the end of the study period.
The original set of ring type grinders processed 12,445 tons of refuse.
This total includes 2,421 tons of refuse processed in December 1973 during
the shakedown period. The second set of ring type grinders (March through
July 1974) processed 25,854 tons of refuse. The third set of ring type grinders
processed 33,251 tons of refuse. Experience indicates that the original set
of ring type grinders was probably replaced prematurely.
An arbitrary fineness modulus was established for shredded refuse.
Fineness modulus is a term often used as an index to the fineness or
coarseness of aggregate. The lower the fineness modulus, the finer the
particle size. It is not an indication of grading, for an infinite number of
gradings can give the same value for fineness modulus.
The fineness modulus for shredded refuse was computed by adding the
cumulative percentages retained on the standard screens, 4 inch, 2 inch,
1 inch, 1/2 inch, 1/4 inch, No. 8 and No. 16, and dividing the sum by 100.
Table 4 shows the shredded refuse fineness modulus.
A study of the Average Shredder Discharge Particle Size Graphs and the
computed fineness modulus indicates that the replacement ring type grinders
did a better job of reducing the particle size of the shredded waste than the
original equipment grinders. In general the average discharge particular size
gradually got larger as time progressed and as wear on the ring type grinders
increased. In June and July 1974 and again in late November 1974 and in
December 1974 it was observed that paper was being balled up or torn into
long strips rather than being shredded into pieces, indicating the ring type
grinders were badly worn.
50
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TABLE 4
SHREDDED REFUSE FINENESS MODULUS
Month
1974
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Fineness
Modulus
4.34
3.74
3.03
3.18
3.33
2.51
3.78
3.75
3.45
2.30
2.65
2.85
Average
Moisture Ring Type
Content Grinders
19.3
20. a
14.8
16.9
20.8
22.5
25.8
23.3
30.3
30.2
35.2
30. 6J
Set No. 1
1 (Original)
Set No. 2
(1st Replacement)
Set No. 3
(2nd Replacement)
Ton:, of
Refuse
Processed
*12,445
25,854
33,251
*Includes 2,421 tons in December 1973
In November 1974, despite the fact that the ring type grinders were well
worn, a comparatively low fineness modulus of 2. 65 was obtained. The
average moisture content during this month was 35.2%. This was the highest
average moisture content for the year. A preliminary conclusion can be drawn
to the effect that increased moisture content of the refuse results in a finer
shredded product while increasing wear on the ring type grinders results in
a coarser shredded product. Fineness of the shredded product also varies
with the composition of the refuse, however.
The Authority feels that the present particle size is acceptable for thoir
use in the landfill. Blowing paper is not a problem. A finer size requirement
would probably cause more wear on the shredder and would also result in
lower production rates.
Actual particle size requirements for shredded refuse would be
51
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determined by .the final use of the shredded material, i. e. resource recovery,
heat recovery incineration, etc.
52-
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FACILITY NOISE LEVELS
During surveys the following noise levels were noted and It appeared
that they would be in existence for the majority of the normal working day.
Date of Survey
1/15/74 4/9/74
Garage area adjacent to overhead doors 86 decibels 85-86 decibels
Caged maintenance area in garage . 77 decibels 77 decibels
Below stairwell over input conveyor 102 decibels 101 decibels
Outside the operators booth 102 decibels 102 decibels
Inside the operators booth 82 decibels 81 decibels
On the catwalk by the shredder 102 decibels 106 decibels
On the catwalk by the compactor 102 decibels 103 decibels
Dumping pit area inside 80 decibels 90 decibels
Dump floor by the rear of the front end loader 86 decibels Not taken
Noise levels at several locations in the plant exceed limits currently
considered by the federal government as indicating danger of hearing loss
through prolonged exposure.
Prolonged exposure to sound levels above 90 dB causes damage to the
ear. This is the basis of the OSHA noise regulation limiting exposure times,
6
shown on the following page.
The Onondaga County Solid Waste Disposal Authority has purchased
ear protective headgear for all employees and rotates employees in those
areas where the noise is excessive.
53
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OSHA Section 1926.52
Sound Pressure Level Allowable Exposure Time
90 dB 8 Hours
92 dB 6 Hours
95 dB 4 Hours
97 dB 3 Hours
100 dB 2 Hours
102 dB li Hours
105 dB 1 Hour
llOdB \ Hour
115dB | Hour
54
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ACTUAL OPERATING SPEEDS
Operating speeds of equipment are as follows:
1. Infeed Conveyor: 33.4 feet per minute.
Operation of this conveyor is not continuous at this speed.
Occasional stops are required.
2 . Output Conveyor: 142.0 feet per minute.
Continuous operation.
3. Transverse Conveyors: 170.0 feet per minute.
Continuous operation.
4. Shredder Rotor Speed: 369 R.P.M.
Continuous at this speed. Rotor reaches full speed in a few minutes
after starting.
5. Packers
Outward stroke 27.2 feet per minute.
Inward stroke 57.3 feet per minute.
6. Push Pit Heads
Outward stroke (loaded) 13.9 feet per minute.
Inward stroke 20.7 feet per minute.
55
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WEAR RATES
Wear rates have been found to be non-uniform. In the shredder the
area under the top breaker arms, the bottom sweeper plates and the sweeper
area at the bottom of the shredder are built up to proper dimension each day
by welding. The top breaker bars are checked every day. The top breaker
bars originally had to be built up by welding each day but experience and
improved reinforcement techniques have stretched this period to three to five
days. This technique consists of welding three No. 8 (one inch round)
standard reinforcing bars around three sides (top, bottom, outside end) of the
face of the breaker bars, and hardfacing between the reinforcing bars. This
seems to protect the edges of the hard facing material.
When the top breaker bars need repair they are removed from the
shredder at the end of the production day and are replaced with another set of
breaker bars that was built up in the shop during the normal work day. The
other areas of the shredder that require welding are built up in place at the
end of the production day or on the third shift (two men welding).
Excessive wear had been experienced in the sweeper area of the
shredder liner at the bottom of the shredder prior to the time when this area
was built up by welding. This portion of the shredder wall which was
originally about Ij inches thick was not lined with heat treated liner plates
as the remaining walls of the shredder are.
On February 14, 1974, a hole was drilled through the plate and the
thickness of the metal remaining was found to be 3/4 inches indicating
50 per cent wear in this area in a period of ten weeks operation. By visual
inspection, there appeared to be areas that would be slightly thinner than
the 3/4 inch, perhaps 5/8 inch, indicating a wear of 7/8 inch (58 per cent).
It was decided that liner plates similar to the heat treated liner plates
56
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in the shell of the shredder should be installed in the sweeper area in this
lower portion of the shredder. As a temporary solution, a portion of the
more seriously worn areas were built up by welding. Additional build-up by
welding was required every day, and was very difficult to do because of
limited access and limited working room.
Despite the continual build-up by welding a small hole appeared in the
wall of the sweeper area of the shredder on May 6, 1974. On May 6 and 7,
3/4 inch thick steel plates were welded on the outside of the shredder in the
sweeper area to reinforce these walls. This was a temporary solution until
the new liner plates arrived.
One inch thick liner plates, made of "4140 Modified Steel", were
installed in this bottom sweeper area on May 25, 1974. It was necessary
to cut off the ends of the bottom sweeper plates to provide clearance. These
plates were replaced on June 22, 1974, with one inch thick liner plates of
"Gladiator Steel" . The wear on the first set of liner plates varied from
virtually nothing in some areas to as much as 5/8 inch indicating a maximum
wear of 62 per cent. The liner plates of "Gladiator Steel" were changed
approximately every five to six weeks throughout the rest of the year.
It is our opinion that the excessive wear in the bottom of the machine
is caused by glass which breaks up into very fine particles and is not swept
out as rapidly as other materials.
It was found that the shell wall in the upper portion of the shredder
under the infeed conveyor was also showing signs of some wear. There are
no liner plates in this area. Starting on April 20, 1974, this area was
periodically built up by welding. By September 1974 considerable wear was
observed in the main shell liner plates as well. These liner plates were
finally replaced in February 1975. However, if new replacement liner plates
57
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had been available they would have been installed earlier, probably in
November 1974.
There was also considerable wear on the 60 ring type grinders in the
shredder rotor. These ring type grinders are similar in appearance to gears.
The inside diameter is 5 inches, the outside diameter, out to out of teeth is
12 17/32 inches and the twelve teeth are approximately 1 15/16 inches long.
In many cases the teeth were completely worn down and the wear continued
into the body of the ring. Because of this wear the shredder was shut down
between March 4 and 18, 1974, and the grinders were replaced. This was a
scheduled maintenance which was planned to coincide with a required
shutdown due to construction of the adjacent Solid Waste Milling Facility
No. 2.
Fifty of the sixty ring type grinders were replaced and the teeth of the
other ten were rebuilt and hard faced by welding. The ten rebuilt grinders
were placed in the top of the rotor. Some of the weld on these rebuilt
grinders chipped off soon after.
Extreme wear was noted on the 60 ring type grinders in July 1974.
These were removed and replaced between August 3 and 6, 1974. Work was
started on a weekend, so only two production days were lost. (Extreme wear
was noted on the replacement set of ring type grinders. These were removed
and replaced on May 5, 1975).
Measurements were taken of the worn grinders. Minimum and maximum
amounts of wear on each grinder are shown in tables 28, 29 and 30 in the
Appendix. The grinders that were the more severely worn were those located
at the bottom of the shredder.
The Authority has found that it is Imperative that areas subject to wear
be constantly inspected in order to catch wear before it becomes a problem.
58
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PREDICTED LIFE OF EQUIPMENT
The following is the estimated life of equipment:
1. Major Equipment (Shredder and Conveyors) 15 years*
2. Electric Substation 50 years
3. Electric Switchgear 50 years
4. Packers 15 years
5. Push Pit Shields 15 years
6. Major Motors and Starters 30 years
7. Truck Lift 15 years
8. Overhead Crane 15 years
*With constant maintenance. '
59
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RECURRING PROBLEM ARIAS
The material delivered to the shredder ran generally be iMasslthxl in
the following categories: (1) normal domestic waste including garbage,
rubbish, and household bulk wastes such as chairs, tables, cabinets,
stuffed chairs, sofas, hide-a-beds, innerspring mattresses, bed frames,
bed springs, rolled carpets, small tree limbs (up to l| inches), foliage,
fences, flooring, siding, doors, lumber, storm windows, screen doors,
plumbing fixtures and automobile tires with or without steel wheels;
(2) commercial and industrial wastes including garbage, rubbish, brush,
pallets and packaging materials; (3) metals, i.e. gears, axles, disc brake
drums, flywheels, drive shafts and crank shafts; (4) refrigerators, stoves,
washers, dryers and hot water tanks; (5) loads requiring hand unloading;
(6) cardboard; and (7) Christmas trees (seasonal).
General
The normal domestic wastes and the commercial and industrial wastes
generally have not caused any difficulties, proceeding through the dumping,
conveying-in, shredding, conveying-out, and loading-out sequence quite
easily. Gears, axles, disc brake drums, fly wheels, drive shafts, crank
shafts, and large hot water tanks will jam the shredder, and must be removed
from the infeed conveyor prior to reaching the shredder. This requires that
the infeed conveyor be stopped. These articles are stored out back and
periodically sold for scrap (Figure 12) .
At the beginning of the year, it was found that refrigerators, stoves,
washers and dryers could be used to clean out the shredder and to keep the
ring type grinders from binding. When these articles are observed on the
infeed conveyor, the conveyor is stopped, and they are picked off the
conveyor by overhead crane and placed aside until the end of the shift. At
60
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&>•
FIGURE 12. Items not shredded and sold as scrap,
-------
this time they arc reset on the Infoed conveyor and run through tho shredder.
This picking operation causes a short delay.
Loads of incoming materials that must be hand unloaded cause a delay
in the dumping operation which occasionally requires other trucks to wait in
line outside the shredder plant. These loads that must be hand unloaded are
usually from private organizations that arrive in trucks that do not have
automatic unloading or dumping features. The Authority attempts to schedule
these loads in the afternoon when the plant is not so overloaded so that there
will be less interference with its normally busy operations in the morning.
The rescheduling has generally been successful.
The dump floor area (tipping floor) is approximately 93 feet wide by
33 feet deep. During busy times, especially in the morning, the shredder
can not process the refuse as fast as it is received. The refuse is then
temporarily stored on the dump floor, occasionally spilling outside the
building.
Based on their experience here, Authority's personnel feel that the
dump floor area could be larger. This would keep the refuse under cover at
all times, would allow more room for hand unloading and would provide more
room for any sorting and mixing operations found necessary.
Jams
Jams are the prime cause of delays. In addition to internal jams in the
shredder, there are external jams in the conveyor system, both infeed and
outfeed. These can be further classified as bridges, restrictor bar jams,
hood jams, discharge jams and transfer jams.
A bridge is a jam at the point where the push pits feed the infeed
conveyor, and is caused when the push pits are overloaded and a large
62
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amount of refuse is pushed ahead of the shield. When the push shield reaches
the infeed conveyor opening, the excess refuse, which towers above the push
shield, falls across the opening and forms a bridge. This is usually cleared
by removing the refuse with a rubber tired backhoe. This type of jam can be
eliminated by not overloading the push pits.
The restrictor bar is a bar set across and above the infeed conveyor at
the lower end of the conveyor near the opening to the push pits. This acts
as a leveling bar to keep the refuse on the Infeed conveyor at the optimum
height for feeding to the shredder. Jams occur here when too much material
is fed to the infeed conveyor at one time. Proper loading of the push pits
helps to overcome this problem, also.
Hood jams are jams at the point where the infeed conveyor feeds the
shredder. These are generally caused by too much material being fed to the
shredder at one time or oversize material getting caught in the hood opening.
Proper feed rates help to overcome this problem along with removal of oversize
material from the infeed conveyor.
Internal jams in the shredder occur when materials such as large hot
water tanks, gears, axles, crank shafts, long pieces of steel cable and large
pieces of metal are fed to the shredder. These must be removed while on the
dump floor or on the infeed conveyor. Failure to do so can not only jam the
shredder and cause excessive wear, but also damage the shredder. On
Friday, November 8, 1974, two pieces of metal approximately 8 inches by
8 inches by 4 inches and 8 inches by 8 inches by 1\ inches got into the
shredder. They cracked the plate underneath the breaker arms and one of the
top liner plates. These were repaired by grinding out and welding the crack.
A crack also occurred in the top of the shredder, just under the hood. The
inside was repaired by grinding out and welding the crack, the outside by
63
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welding a 3/4 inch thick plate over the crack. Production was not affected by
this damage as it occurred at the end of the day on a Friday, and repairs were
completed over the weekend.
Large amounts of Christmas trees and cardboard have a tendency to jam
the shredder. It is necessary that these items be fed through in small amounts.
This requires some additional material handling and a slowdown of the infeed
conveyor.
Discharge jams are the most prevalent of all. These occur at the point
where the shredder discharges the shredded waste onto the outfeed conveyor.
The prime reason for these jams appears to be that the shredder discharge
opening is just too small.
In order to reduce jam ups in the discharge chute the Authority on
June 5, 1974, cut down the size of the baffle plate at the end of the chute.
This seems to have helped reduce jam ups at this location.
Transfer jams occur at the point where the output conveyor discharges
to the transfer conveyor. These are generally caused when the outfeed
conveyor is heavily loaded with cardboard and paper. The height of the
opening at the top of the output conveyor was increased from 15 inches to
22 inches by shifting a motor mounting platform, and this appears to have
eliminated jams at this location.
The Authority has found that the more the incoming waste is mixed, the
better the flow through the whole shredding operation. Jams are more likely
to occur when large amounts of cardboard or paper are processed alone than
when mixed refuse is processed.
64
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Fires and Explosions
There have been occasional fires and explosions in the shredder. These
are caused by the Ignition of paint thlnners or other flammable liquids by
sparks from the shredding action of metal in the refuse. Generally these
fires and explosions have just caused short interruptions in operations.
One fire on May 16, 1974 caused a shutdown of 3.7 hours. This was
caused by an explosion of pharmaceutical wastes which were batch fed. This
fire was extinguished with water. No machine damage occurred and most of
the shutdown time was devoted to clean-up after the fire.
An explosion and fire due to a large quantity of acetone on August 22,
1974 caused a shutdown of 1.0 hour. Debris was blown about. This fire
was smothered by continued feeding of raw waste into the shredder. There
was no damage to the shredder itself but the infeed hood over the shredder
suffered some damage. A weld at the top of the infeed conveyor opening
broke. This was repaired at once. The sides of the hood were spread
out by the force of the explosion, and this was repaired on a weekend.
Care is taken to remove paint thinners,. flammable paints, gasoline cans
and propane tanks before they get into the shredder if they can be found in
time.
Stationary Compactors
There have been occasional problems with the electrical relays on the
stationary compactors. The relays are replaced as required. The teeth of the
drive coupling wear off, and the coupling must be replaced approximately
every three months.
Electrical
There have been occasional electrical problems in the operation.
65
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Generally these have been minor, causing relatively short Interruptions In
service.
Shear Pins
Shear pins on the conveyors break at random Intervals. When the feed
conveyor jams due to a re stricter jam, it shears the pin. A stock of shear
pins Is kept on hand.
Oil Pressure
On August 28, 1974, the shredder built up excessive oil pressure and
was shut down. It was found that the jets spraying oil onto the gears In the
bottom well of the shredder had become plugged. The jets were cleaned. The
shredder manufacturer had stated that these jets should be cleaned once a
year but the Authority now cleans these jets monthly. This has eliminated
this problem.
Miscellaneous
Low water pressure on June 21, 1974 was responsible for an Interruption
in service on this day.
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OPERATING HOURS, DOWNTIME AND PRODUCTION TIME
Records were kept by the Onondaga" County Solid Waste Disposal
Authority on the daily operating hours of the facility, breakdown tima and
actual oroductior time, with an explanation of downtime. Copies of these
records for the study year 1974 are contained in the App.endix. A monthly
production chart summary io shown in Table 5 .
TABLE 5
MONTHLY PRODUCTION CHART SUMMARY
Month
1974
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr .
Mriy
June
July
Aag.
fiept.
Oct.
Nov.
D?c.
Total
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs)
172.8
165.6
95.3
191.4
1P6.2
145.4
169.5
142.1
152.4
154.6
130.8
114.9
1821.0
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs)
7.0
1.3
0
0
19.2
23.4
7.9
9.1
8.5
11.2
4.6
2.6
94.8
Materials
Flow '
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs)
35.4
28.7
11.8
36.1
34.6
14.7
30.1
17.1
23.1
15.2
14.6
17.8
279.2
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs)
130.4
135.6
83.5
155.3
132.4
107.3
131.5
115.9
120.8
128.2
111.6
94.5
1447.0
Plant shut down for
major maintenance
March 4 thru 18, 1974
Plant shut down for
major maintenance
August 5 thru 7, 1974
Par Day 7.5 0.4
1.1
6.0
67
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Production Chart Definitions
Totai Spin Time. The time between the initial start-up of the s^hrrddor
to the shut down at the completion of the production day. On days that the
shredder did not operate due to breakdowns the spin time was arbitrarily set
at 8.0 hours. Thus the breakdown time for those days was also 8.0 hours.
Downtime. Time in which the shredder is not grinding refuse between
the initial start-up of the shredder to the shut down at completion of the
production day (e.g.) any time the shredder is not processing refuse during
normal working hours.
Breakdown Time. Downtime attributed to a breakdown in equipment.
Materials Flow Interruption Time. Downtime not attributed to equipment
breakdowns. This is generally downtime caused by jam up of refuse, waiting
for garbage after initial start-up of the shredder, waiting for transfer trucks,
stopping the infeed conveyor to remove articles that are not to be processed
(i.e. gears, axles and large hot water tanks) and other minor operational
problems.
Materials flow interruption time is 75 per cent of the total downtime or
non-production time.
Production Time. Time in which the shredder is actually grinding refuse.
68
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MAINTENANCE
In order to keep the refuse production rates high it is necessary that
shredder shutdown be minimized. Preventative maintenance must be scheduled
and religiously performed as required.
Daily Routine Maintenance
Shredder. The area under the top breaker bars and the bottom sweeper
plates are hardfaced every day. The replaceable top breaker bars are
hardfaced every three to five days. The top and bottom bearings and the
clutch are greased daily. The oil is checked daily.
Conveyors and Packers. All fittings of the conveyors and stationary
compactors are greased daily.
Cleanup. The dump floor, push and conveyor pits, shredder room,
stationary compactors and conveyors are cleaned daily.
Weekly or Bi-Weekly Routine Maintenance
Shredder. The separator plates are hardfaced, any bound up ring type
grinders are freed, any rotor damage is repaired, and any required welding on
the shredder or liners is done.
Conveyors. Pins in the drive chains are sprayed with liquid "Never
Seze" once a week. Original practice had been to do this once a month.
This was changed to once a week after the pins in the drive chain of the
outfeed conveyor seized up on September 11, 1974.
Periodic Routine Maintenance
Shredder. The ring type grinders are removed and replaced as required.
It has been found that one set of ring type grinders can process approximately
25,000 to 30,000 tons of refuse. As indicated previously, attempts were
69
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made to hardface the tips of the teeth of the grinders but this proved
unsuccessful.
The sweeper area liner plates are replaced every five to six weeks
(8,000 to 9 ,000 tons). The shredder was not originally furnished with
sweeper area liner plates; extensive wear in this area required constant
hardfaclng.
The liner plates in the upper area of the shredder are built up and
hardfaced as required. Over 71,000 tons of refuse were processed with the
original liner plates In place. It would appear that the shredder wall liner
plates should be replaced every 60,000 to 70,000 tons.
The bottom sweeper plates, which sweep the shredded refuse out of the
shredder, are replaced every four months.
Shredder Hood. The hood on top of the shredder into which the refuse
is fed sustains considerable abuse. Repairs are performed on the hood
whenever required.
Shredder Gear Box. The jets spraying oil on the gears in the bottom
well of the shredder which have a tendency to plug up, are cleaned monthly,
thus eliminating the problem.
Electrical Switch Gear Equipment. The supplier of the electrical
switchgear comes to the site every six months to clean, check out and adjust
this equipment. This work Is scheduled on a weekend.
Non-Routine Maintenance
Repair of breakdowns in the equipment is called non-routine
maintenance. Breakdowns are listed in the Dally Production Chart in the
Appendix.
70
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Hardfaclng
Hardfdclng of wear areas on the shredder Is a continuous
item. Haynes 5/32, 3/16 or 1/4 inch Ni-Mang rod is used to build up worn
areas. A Haynes 5/32 or 1/4 inch H-52 (5261) rod is used for the last two
passes.
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WATER USED FOR SHREDDER OPERATION
In January 1974 the shredding operation used an average of 2.0 gallons
per minute during actual production time. In the first twelve days of February
1974 the operation used an average of 1.4 gallons per minute during actual
production time.
On February 13, 1974, the Authority discontinued adding water to the
refuse in the shredder as they found that the wetter the refuse the more
likely it would be for the ring type grinders to seize up. Therefore, after this
date the water used for the shredder's operation was virtually nil.
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MOISTURE CONTENT OF SHREDDED MATERIAL
Moisture content of the shredded refuse was determined throughout the
study period. The moisture content is the ratio of the weight of water
in a given mass of shredded material to the net wet weight of the given masc
of the shredded material and expressed as a percentage.
Table 6 shows the moisture contents of the shredded refuse throughout
the study year 1974.
TABLE b
MOISTURE CONTENT
Month
1974
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Summary for
Year 1974
Range
Per Cent
16.7 to 21.3
13.3 to 29.0
10.0 to 19.7
14.5 to 19.4
1 1 . 7 to 29 . 5
17.8 to 26.3
18.6 to 37.8
17.4 to 30.1
22.9 to 38.7
24.3 to 38.8
32.6 to 41.1
20.7 to 35.0
10.0 to 41.1
Average
Per Cent
19.3
20.3
14.8
16.9
20.8
22.5
25.8
23.3
30.3
30.2
35.2
30.6
24.6
Thu table shows considerable variation in moisture contents throughout
the year. For the first six months of the year, moisture content ranged fr?T.
10.0 to 2P.5 pa' cent, whereas, during the last six months it ranged from
17.4 to 41.1 per cent. High individual moisture contents throughout the year
can generallv be attributed to rainfall during the collection function. This
was particularly true during the months of November and December when the
73
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highest monthly average moisture contents were obtained. The high moisture
contents in the summer and fall can possibly be attributed to the increased
amounts of yard wastes such as grass clippings and leaves in the shredded
refuse.
When the Authority discontinued adding water to the refuse on
February 13, 1974, this action did slightly decrease the moisture content.
Refuse composition and weather conditions prevailing during collection
appear to have more effect on moisture content, but moisture from these
sources does not seem to make the ring type grinders seize up so much as
water added at the shredder did.
74
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DUST COLLECTING EQUIPMENT
The outfccd conveyor, the transfer conveyor and the tops of the hoppers
over the packers are covered with 5 inch mesh screening. The jr 'Inch.oponlngb
allow dust and small particles to pass through the screening and into the
shredder room itself. Quite a bit of material is caught on the screening;
however, these screens are cleaned daily. The use of a solid cover in place
of screening would not permit observation of the conveyor operation.
75
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FACILITY HOUSEKEEPING REQUIREMENTS
Cleanup is done at the end of each day's operations. Dust is removed
from the dust collecting screens over the outfeed and transfer conveyors and
packer hoppers. The packers and conveyors are cleaned. The dump floor,
the push and conveyor pits and the shredder room are swept up. Occasional
cleanup is required behind the push heads when material inadvertently falls
behind them.
Dust is prevalent throughout the shredder facility. As noted under
MOISTURE CONTENT OF SHREDDED MATERIAL, the discontinued practice of
adding water to the garbage has undoubtedly contributed to the dust problem,
and more cleanup time is thereby required.
76
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EVALUATION OF SHREDDING FACILITIES
ONONDAGA COUNTY SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITY
ROCK CUT ROAD PLANT NO. 1
ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK
FINAL REPORT
SECTION B
COST DATA FOR DAILY OPERATION
OF SHREDDER FACILITY
77
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POWER COSTS
Table 7 is the tabulation of all utility bills for the study period. The
cost of power varies due to the fluctuation in the fuel adjustment rate charged
each month. The fuel adjustment rate varies up or down with the cost of fuel
purchased by the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation for power generation.
TABLE 7
POWER COSTS
(January 8 through December 7, 1974)
Billing
Period
Ending
2/74
3/74
4/74
5/74
6/74
7/74
8/74
9/74
10/74
11/74
12/74
Total
Average
KW
Demand
Cost
$ 1,014.75
936.55
1,176.37
1,184.49
1,358.89
1,108.78
1,110.80
1,003.31
1,146.05
1,297.08
1,297.07
§12.634.14
$ 1,148.56
RKVA
Cost
$ 66.31
74.48
75.79
102.44
88.20
108.71
101.27
96.95
96.63
102.44
165.16
$1,078.38
$ 98.03
KWH
Cost
$ 1,084.03
1,034.24
1,086.00
1,285.52
1,140.25
1,128.17
1,227.67
1,541.32
1,551.48
1,563.52
1.809.43
$14.451.63
$ 1,313.78
Total
Cost
$ 2,165.09
2,045.27
2,338.16
2,572.45
2,587.34
2,345.66
2,439.74
2,641.58
2,794.16
2,963.04
3,271.66
$28.164.15
$ 2,560.37
Cost/
Ton*
$0.49
0.43
0.57
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.41
0.41
0.38
0.40
0.42
?0.44
*Based on 64,590 tons milled
The data is tabulated to establish an average cost per month. The
average operational hours per month of 152.3 hours is obtained from Table 3,
With these averages, cost per hour is computed as shown on the following
page.
78
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Total Average Electrical Cost = the cost of KW Demand + RKVA Demand
+ KWH = $1,148.55 + $98.03 + $1,313.78 = $2,560.37
Cost of Electricity per Operational Hour =
Total Cost = $2,560.37 = $16.8I/Operational Hour
Operational Hours 152.3
As discussed earlier under POWER REQUIREMENTS, the breakdown of
energy consumption during operational hours is as follows:
Shredder 256 KW/Hr
Motor Control Center 75 KW/Hr
Shredder Building 36 KW/Hr
Scale House 23 KW/Hr
390 KW/Hr
During non-operational hours, while repairs are being made to the
Shredder and some Scale House load remains on line, the total load is 59 KW.
When there is no work in progress, the load drops to 49 KW.
Table 8 shows the relationship of this load breakdown to total power
costs. In Table 8 the Motor Control Center load is broken down to operating
equipment and Shredder Building load is divided into operating and
non-operating loads.
79
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TABLE 8
POWER REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS FOR
OPERATING SHREDDER AND CONVEYORS
Hrs/Month KW/Hr KW/Month*
(Average)
Shredder 152.3 256 38,988
Motor Control Center 152.3
Push Pit 152.3 25 3,807
Infeed Conveyor 152.3 12 1,827
Discharge Conveyor 152.3 5 761
Transfer Conveyor 152.3 3 456
Packer 152.3 30 4,569
Shredder Building
(Operating) 152.3 36 5,482
Shredder Building
(N on -Operating) 576.4 26 14,986
Scale House (Operating
and non-operating) 72 8. 7 23 16,760
Sub Total
Charges attributable to Shredder Only:
Reactive KVA Demand Cost $ 98.03
Average KW Demand Cost 1,148.55
$ 1,246.58
Total Average Monthly Power Cost for Facility
Total Monthly Power Cost to Run Shredder Only
Cost/Month @
$0.015/KWH+
$ 584.82
57.11
27.41
11.42
6.84
68.54
82.24
224.79
251.40
$1,314.57
$1,246.58
$2,561.15
$1,831.40
*KW/Hr x Operational Hour/Month
+0.015/KWH = KWHCost from Table 7
KWH from Table 3
80
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LANDFILLING
The Onondaga County Solid Waste Disposal Authority landfills both
shredded and unshredded refuse at its Brighton Heights Sanitary Landfill.
During 1974, 69,129 tons of shredded refuse and 62,314 tons of unshredded
refuse were landfilled at this site. This is a total of 131,443 tons of refuse
and averages 506 tons per day.
The total cost of landfilling at this site in 1974 was $351,022 with a
TABLE 9
LANDFILL COSTS - 1974
Cost Item
Labor+
Rental
Landt
Equipment
Other
Cover Material
Roadway Maintenance
Contracted Services
Equipment Maintenance
Security
Pest Control
Other
Utilities
Electric
Water
Supplies
Lubricants
Repairs & Maintenance
Other
Miscellaneous
Total
Total
Cost
$ 83,134
3,600
105,424
675
107,948
9,943
1,815
30,459
975
486
598
26
1,962
3,606
337
34
$351,022
Cost Aon*
$ .63
.03
.80
.01
.82
.08
.01
.23
.01
-
.01
-
.01
.03
-
-
$2.67
*Based on 131,443 tons landfilled, 69,129 tons of shredded refuse
and 62,314 tons of unshredded refuse.
+Includes all fringe benefits' except accrued vacation not used.
^An additional 7 acres of land adjacent to Authority's Brighton
Heights Sanitary Landfill was rented in 1974 for $300 per month.
81
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cost per ton of $2.67. This includes all costs of the landfill including
charges for land and final cover. Table 9 presents the actual costs for
operating the Brighton Heights Sanitary Landfill during 1974.
The greatest costs of operating this landfill are the charges for cover
materiali equipment rental and labor, in that order. The cover material is
purchased from a pit adjacent to the landfill. The cost of providing cover
material is 30.8% of the total cost of the landfill. The advantage of having
an on site source of cover material owned by the municipal entity operating
the landfill is obvious.
82
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SHREDDER FACILITY COSTS
Costs presented are for the full 1974 year, the first year of operation
of the facility. Costs are broken down into shredding costs, service center
costs and transfer costs. All costs are includeds
Shredding Costs
The shredding cost in 1974 was $455,019. The cost per ton, based on
shredding 69,129 tons of refuse, was $6.58. The total cost and cost per ton
for each cost Item is listed in Table 10.
TABLE 10
SHREDDING COSTS - 1974
Cost Item
Labors-
Rental -Equipment
Contracted Services
Engineering Services
Utilities
Electric
Water
Gas
Telephone
Supplies**
Shredder Parts
Replacement Parts
Spare Parts on Hand
Maintenance Repairs
Rental-City of Syracuse
Amortization of Equipment
Other
Total
Total Cost
$106,535
502
4,216
1,980
30,165*
125
11,375
92
39,538
22,822
14,854
8,080
. 199,208
15,499
28
$455,019
Cost/Ton*
$1.54
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.44
1 -
0,16
-
0.57
0.33
0.22
0.12
2.88
0.22
-
$6.58
*Based on 69,129 tons of;refuse shredded
+Includes all fringe benefits except accrued vacation not used,
tBased on 12 months billing.
**Supplles Itemized in next table.
83
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The costs per ton are calculated by dividing the actual annual cost by
the actual tonnage shredded.
The largest cost item is the rental cost of $199,208 charged by the City
of Syracuse. The City of Syracuse financed the cost of the construction of
the shredder plant. Under the Authority's contract with the City, the City
will receive as credits to its charges for disposal the amount of interest
and principal paid by the City for the reduction of its debt. For accounting
purposes this is called rent. For 1974 the interest portion of the payment was
$84,208 and the principal portion was $115,000. The life of the payments is
15 years. The total capital cost of the facility including engineering design,
construction, and equipment is $1,849,309.25, including $128,133 paid by
the federal government as part of the shredder equipment package.
The spare parts on hand listed under shredder parts is a one time charge
listed for 1974 (Table 11). The Eidal International Corporation sold its shredder
manufacturing business and the Authority was able to purchase a large number
of spare parts at a substantial reduction in price. This will reduce the cost
of parts in future years.
The year 1974 was the first year of operation of this facility.
Production rates increased as the Authority's personnel became more
experienced with the operation of the facility. The refuse shredded
increased from an average of 211.3 tons per day in January 1974 to a high
of 352.1 tons per day in September 1974, with an average for the year of
284.5 tons per day. The Authority feels that it can average at least 325
tons per operating day throughout the year.
Experience to date in 1975 shows this figure to be on the conservative
side. It is estimated, ignoring the effects of inflation, that shredding costs
might be reduced to approximately $5.76 per ton.
84
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The supplies cost is broken down in Table 11.
TABLE 11
BREAKDOWN OF SHREDDING SUPPLIES COST
Total
Cost
Lubricants $ 3,302
Repair & Maintenance (General) 13,216
Welding Supplies 6,238
Front End Loader Maintenance 5,831
Push Pit Maintenance 2,294
Push Pit Spare Parts , 5,122
Shop 700
Diesel Fuel (Front End Loader) 1,463
Other 1,372
Total
$39,538
Cost/Ton*
$0.05
0.19
0.09
0.09
0.03
0.07
0.01
0.02
0.02
$0.57
* Based on 69,129 tons of refuse shredded
Service Center Costs
The service center is the maintenance shop. The service center costs
are the costs of operating the service center and includes other costs not
directly attributable to either the cost of shredding or transfer.
The service center total cost in 1974 was $33,599. Cost per ton based
on 69,129 tons of refuse shredded was $0.49. These costs could be reduced
to about $0.43 per ton with the projected increase In production, and ignoring
the effects of inflation.
The total cost and cost per ton of each cost item is listed in Table 12.
Transfer Costs
The transfer cost in 1974 was $59,295. The cost per ton based on
69,129 tons of refuse shredded was $0.86. The total cost and cost per ton
for each cost item is listed in Table 13.
85
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TABLE 12
SERVICE CENTER COSTS - 1974
Cost Item
Labor*
Equipment Rental
Contracted Services
Maintenance
Pest Control
Uniforms
Other
Supplies
Lubricants
Repair & Maintenance
Shop
Gasoline
Diesel Fuel
Small Tools
Other
Miscellaneous
Amortization
Total
Total
Costs
$10,297
640
812
124
4,471
2,014
3,112
812
3,549
595
517
1,514
565
5
4.572
$33,599
Cost A on*
$0.15
0.01
0.01
-
0.06
0.03
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
-
0.07
$0.49
*Based on 69,129 tons of refuse shredded.
+Ineludes all fringe benefits except accrued vacation not used.
TABLE 13
TRANSFER COSTS - 1974*
Cost Item
Labort
Contracted Services
Supplies
Lubricants
Repair & Maintenance
Diesel Fuel
Amortization§
Total
Total
Cost
$26,577
4,289
349
1,878
4,550
21.652
$59,295
Cost/Ton+
$0.38
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.07
0.31
$0.86
*Landflll disposal costs not Included.
+Based on 69,129 tons of refuse shredded.
^Includes all fringe benefits except accrued vacation not used.
§Total cost of 3 trucks $110,260. Vehicle amortized over 5 years
with total salvage value of $6,000 ($2,000/truck). Balance is amortization
of miscellaneous items over 2 years with no salvage value.
86
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These costs can be reduced to about $0.75 per tori with the projected
increase in production, and ignoring the effects of inflation.
Summary of Shredder Facility Costs
A summary of the shredder facility costs for 1974 is given in Table 14.
TABLE 14
SUMMARY OF SHREDDER FACILITY COSTS - 1974
Cost Item
Shredding Costs
Service Center Costs
Transfer Costs
Total
Total
Cost
$455,019
33,599
59,295
$547,913
CostAon*
$6.58
0.49
0.86
$7.93
*Based on 69,129 tons of refuse shredded.
The cost per ton of $7.93 could be reduced to $6.94 with the projected
increase in production and ignoring the effects of inflation. This is based on
an average production of 325 tons of refuse shredded per operating day. This
production rate appears to be conservative as production rates to date in 1975
have exceeded this amount.
87
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MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS
The manpower requirement for normal daily operation of the shredder
facility was as follows:
1 Control Cab Operator
1 Front End Loader Operator
1 Dump Floor Man
1 Scale Operator
1 Laborer
The manpower requirement for transfer of shredded wastes to the landfill
was as follows:
3 Packer Truck Drivers
The manpower requirement for routine maintenance was as follows:
1 Foreman
2 Welders (Third Shift Only)
2 Maintenance Mechanics
1 Trainee - Welder
Non-routine maintenance is generally done by the foreman and the two
maintenance mechanics listed above.
The manpower requirement for the service center is as follows:
1 Trainee - Automotive Mechanic
1 Tool Crib Attendant
The breakdown of labor costs into the five categories described above
is shown in Table 15 and is included within summary costs shown in Table 14.
The largest categories are routine maintenance at 12,627 manhours and
shredder facility operation at 10,768 manhours.
88
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TABLE 15
BREAKDOWN OF LABOR COSTS - 1974
Man-Hours
Shredder Facility Operation
Transfer - Transport
Routine Maintenance
Non-Routine Maintenance
Service Center
Total
Total
10,768
6,967
12,627
1,139
3.653
35,154
Per Week
207.1
134.0
242.8
21.9
70.2
676.0
Cost*
$ 43,939
26,577
56,293
6,303
10,297
$143,409
Cost/
Ton+
$0.64
0.38
0.81
0.09
0.15
$2.07
*Includes all fringe benefits except accrued vacation not used.
+Based on 69,129 tons of refuse shredded.
89
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REFERENCES
1. Citizens Committee for Solid Waste Disposal. Solid wastes, a
report on conditions in Onondaga County, Syracuse, N. Y.,
1969. 52p.
2 . Environmental Plan for New York State, preliminary edition. Albany,
N. Y., New York State Department of Environmental Conservation,
1973. 91p.
3. A feasibility study of solid waste resource recovery in Onondaga
County, New York. Syracuse, Carrier Corporation, 1974. 24p.
4. Fungaroli, A.A., Pollution of subsurface water by sanitary landfills.
v.l. Environmental Protection Agency Publication SW-12rg.
Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1971. 200p.
5. Hagerty, D.J., J.L. Pavoni and J.E. Heer, Jr. Solid waste
management. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1973.
302p.
6. Hagerty, D.J., Noise, pile driving and OSHA. Presented at piletalk
seminar on current practices in pile design and installation,
September 26-27, 1974. 24p.
7. National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc. Shredders.. .processing
our solid waste, NCRR Bulletin^ 3 (1): 12-18, Winter I973a.
8. National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc. Municipal solid waste..
a source of energy, reprinted from NCRR Bulletin^ (3) 3. Summer
I973b. 14p.
9. National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc. Resource recovery from
municipal solid waste. Lexington, D. C. Heath and Company,
1974. 182p.
10. Reinhardt, J.J. and R.K.Ham. Final report on a demonstration
project at Madison, Wisconsin to investigate milling of solid
wastes. Milwaukee, The Heil Company, 1973. 126p.
11. Wisely, F.E., G.W. Sutterfield, D.L. Klumb, St. Louis power
plant to burn city refuse. Civil Engineering-ASCE. 41(l):56-59,
Jan. 1971.
90
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APPENDICES
91
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APPENDIX A
NEW YORK STATE SANITARY CODE
92
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APPKNDIX A-l
NKW YOKK STATK SANITAKY CODK
PAKT 19 KEFUSK DISPOSAL
Section 19.1 Definitions.
(a) Refuse shall mean all putresciblc and non-piitrcsubic solid
wastes including garbage, rubbish, ashes, incinerator residue.
street cleanings, dead animals, offal and solid commercial and
industrial wastes
(b) Refuse disposal area shall mean land used for the depositing
of refuse except that i( shall not include the land used for the
depositing of refuse from a single family, a member of which
is the owner, occupant or lessee of said land, or any part of a
farm on which only animal wastes resulting from the
operation of such farm are deposited
(c) Person shall mean an individual, group of individuals.
partnership, firm, corporation, association, county, city,
town or village or improvement district
(d) Full time health officer shall mean the health commissioner
or health officer of a city of 50,000 population or over, or of
a county or part-county health district, or the State district
health officer in those areas of the State not located within a
county, part-county or city health district
19.2 Refuse disposal areas.
(a) Operation ami maintenance Any person who maintains or
operates a refuse disposal area or permits the use of land as a
refuse disposal area shall maintain and operate such area in
conformance with the requirements of this Part
(1) Burning of refuse at a refuse disposal area is prohibited
unless an exemption in writing is granted by the full-time
health officer within whose jurisdiction said refuse
disposal area is located, and provided that such exemp-
tion docs not contravene the standards established by the
Air Pollution Control Board
(2) No refuse shall be deposited in such manner that refuse
or teachings from it shall cause or contribute to a
condition in contravention of the standards adopted
pursuant to section 1205 of the Public Health Law
(3) Dumping of refuse shall be confined to an area which can
be effectively maintained and operated in accordance
with these regulations This shall be controlled by
supervision, fencing, signs, or equally effective means
unless an exemption in writing is granted by the full-time
health officer within whose jurisdiction said refuse
disposal area is located
(4) Refuse at a refuse disposal area shall be compacted and
covered daily with a compacted layer of at least six
inches of a suitable cover material, and a final compacted
cover of at least two feet of a suitable cover material shall
be placed within one week after the final deposit of
refuse at any portion of such refuse disposal area unless
an exemption in writing is granted by the hill tune health
officer within whose jurisdiction said rcftisi disposal jrca
is located
(5) Effective mcjns shall be taken to control flics, rodents,
and other insects or vermin at a refuse disposal area to
the extent that they shall not constitute a nuisance
affecting public health
(6) t encing or oilier suitable means shall be used to lonfinc
papers and other refuse to the refuse disposal area
(7)The salvaging of refuse at a refuse disposal ana if
permitted by the operator of the refuse disposal area,
shall be conducted in such a manner as not to create a
nuisance affecting public health
(8) The approach road to a refuse disposal area open to the
general public shall be kept passable to vehicular traffic
during all seasons of the year
(9)The full-time health officer within whose jurisdiction a
refuse disposal area is located is authorized and em-
powered to issue and grant annually the exemptions
hereinbefore referred to, if in his judgment no nuisance
or hazard to public health shall be created thereby Any
exemption hereby authorized shall expire and become
void if by reason of said exemption the operation of a
refuse disposal area shall be or become a nuisance or a
hazard to public health or contravene any provision of
this Part from the operation of which an exemption has
not been granted
(b) A'cw siren A new refuse disposal area shall not be established
until the site and method of proposed operation have been
approved in writing by the full-time health officei ir. whose
respective jurisdiction such proposed refuse disposal area will
be located Such health officer is authorized to approve a
new refuse disposal area if, in his judgment, n i un IK-
operated and maintained in such manner as noi to con :uiite
a nuisance or hazard to public health The health offke, may
require such plans, reports, specifications, and .uher data a<
is necessary for him to determine whether the s te is .uitaole
and the proposed method of operation fcasibk
19.3 Municipal Incinerators.
Municipal incinerators shall be operated and maintained so as
not to create a nuisance or hazard to public health
19.4 Adequacy of operation and maintenance.
Operation and maintenance of a refuse disposal area pursuant
to subdivision (a) of section 19 2 of this Part and operation and
maintenance of a municipal incinerator pursuant to section 19 3
of this Port shall be under the surveillance of the full-time health
93
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officer in whose jurisdiLlion said refuse disposal area or
municipal incinerator is located The fiill-limc health officer shall
IK Juried will the duty of cnfumnp the .sections of this Part
and shall cause well inspections to be made as lie may deem
necessary to determine whether the operation and control of
such refuse disposal area or municipal incinerator arc in
compliance with (he provisions of this Part
IV.5 Inlcrjumdictiiinal nuisances and hazards to public
health.
(j) Where the operation ol :i refuse disposal area is conducted in
siidi .1 manner as lo commute a nuis.imc or a ha/ard to
public health outside a health district in which said refuse
ilispox.il area is located, the officer designated in subdivision
(b) hereof shall have the authority, and it shall be his duly.
on receipt of a written complaint by .my person, lo inquire
into the facts loiueriuni', such operation If he shall find that
said operation is m contravention of any of the sections
contained in this Part, he shall make and cause to be served
personally or by mail upon the person operating said refuse
disposal area a notice in writing stating the manner in which
said operation contravenes such section or sections and
specifying the particular section or sections contravened and
ordering the person operating such refuse disposal area to
correct or to tease such operation If the person served as
aforesaid docs not comply with the requirements of .111 h
order within the time specified therein, said offki:i '.hull
forthwith cause a report in writing containing a summary of
the facts as disclosed by his inquiry, a recital of all j< lion
taken, and his recommendations, if any, to be transmuted lo
the State Commissioner of Health for such action as he may
deem advisable.
(b)Thc officer having jurisdiction to take the action authon/vd
and directed in subdivision (a) hereof shall be
(l)Tlic county or purl-county health commissioner where
the refuse disposal area and the residence or real properly
occupied by the complainant arc located in the same-
county or part-county health district
(2) The Stale district health officer where the refuse disposal
area and the residence or real properly occupied hy the
complainant arc located in the same Stale district health
area, but not in the same county or part-county health
district.
(3) In all other cases, the regional health director having
jurisdiction in the area in which the refuse disposal area is
located.
94
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APPENDIX A 2
NEW YORK STATE SANITARY CODE
PART 190 OPEN FIRES
Section 190.1 Definitions.
(a) Combustion products Participate and gaseous contaminants
created by the burning of any kind of material
(b) Commissioner The Commissioner of Health of the State of
New York.
(c) Garbage. Waste resulting from distribution, preparation and
serving of foods
(d) Open fure Any fixe or smoke-producing process wherein the
combustion products arc directly emitted into the atmos-
phere without passing through a stack.
(c) Refuse Garbage, rubbish and trade wastes.
(0 Rubbish. Solid or liquid waste material including, but not
limited to. paper, rags, ashes, tree branches, yard trimmings,
furniture, tin cans, glass, crockery, demolition materials,
discarded automobdes, tires, automotive parts, paints and
oils.
(g) Stack Any conduit, chimney, duct, vent, or flue arranged to
conduct gaseous or gas-bome products to the outer air
(h) Trade waste. Combustible sobd or liquid material resulting
from construction, or any business, trade or industry
operations, including, but not limited to, the following
materials plastics, cartons, chemicals, paints, greases, oJs,
other petroleum products, sawdust, dead animals, and dead
fowl
190.2 Prohibitions.
No person shall bum any refuse in any open fire except in
conformity with the provisions of section 190.3.
190.3 Permissible burning.
When not prohibited by other local ordinances or other
officials having jurisdiction, such as the State Commissioner of
Conservation or local fire wardens or other fire prevention
officials, the following types of open burning are permissible-
(a) Outdoor grills and fireplaces for the purpose of preparing
food.
(b) Campfires and lues used solely for recreation purposes where
such fires are properly controlled by a responsible party and
no nuisance is created.
(c) Backyard burning of rubbish, principally composed of paper,
in the unincorporated areas of towns which have a total town
population of less than 30,000, and where no public or duly
licensed disposal service is available This provision applies
only to the open burning of domestic rubbish on the
premises by the occupants of a building or structure u'.ed
primarily for dwelling purposes and containing four or less
dwelling units and when no nuisance is created
(d) Burning of rubbish, principally tree trimmings, derived from
on-prcmise agriculture operations and the burning of tree
cuttings and slash in forest areas where the cullings accrue
from pulping, lumbering, and similar operation's, whci. the
prevailing winds, at the time of the burnings, arc away from
populated areas and no nuisance is created
(e)Open burning of trees and brush, in or adjacent to highway
nghts-of-way, when approved by the commissioner and the
State Commissioner of Public Works, and provided that
prevailing winds are away from populated areas, and that dirt
is removed from stumps before burning, and that tires, fuel
oil, or similar materials which can cause air pollution, are not
used to start fires or to keep fires burning
(0 Open burning, in remote areas, of highly explosive or other
dangerous materials for which there is no other known
method of disposal or for special purposes or under unusual
circumstances when approved by the commissioner after
having requested permission on appropriate forms and when
no nuisance is created
(g) Burning of solid or liquid fuels or structures when conducted
under the direct control and supervision of qualified instruc-
tors at a firemen's training center and when done for the
instruction and training of firemen
(h) Properly operated industrial flares for combustion of flam-
mable gases
190.4 Abatement.
(a) Open burning of refuse at refuse disposal areas, where
allowed by the full-time health officer, must be replaced by a
suitable means of disposal not later than January 1.1969 or
such later date, as determined by a final order after a formal
hearing held by the commissioner.
(b) Open burning of refuse, otherwise permissible under section
190.3, shall not be carried on when the commissioner
announces a period of high air pollution potential
95
-------
APPENDIX B
ADDITIONAL TABLES AND FIGURES
96
-------
TABLE 16
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Tan. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
0
264.5
237.6
0
150.0
0
156.4
156.4
173.6
233.5
235.5
0
0
213.9
223.4
169.5
244.9
210.4
0
0
260.2
269.3
186.8
226.6
238.0
0
0
122.6
277.4
228.4
169.8
211.3
Tons
Per Hr.
0
33.9
37.7
0
30.0
0
29.0
32.6
40.4
37.1
37.4
0
0
37.5
30.2
33.9
35.0
32.9
0
0
39.4
39.0
36.6
40.5
35.0
0
0
38.3
42.2
42.2
26.1
35.8
97
-------
TABLE 17
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Feb. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
248.9
0
0
100.9
222.2
229.9
290.9
271.2
0
0
256.5
231.8
257.8
256.2
263.7
0
0
294.2
230.2
254.4
265.8
267.6
0
0
296.0
287.8
290.9
274.8
254.6
Tons
Per Hr.
35.5
0
0
22.9
34.7
35.3
42.7
36.6
0
0
40.7
38.0
37.9
37.1
34.2
0
0
40.3
41.8
41.0
39.0
43.8
0
0
39.4
35.5
35.0
36.6
37.4
98
-------
TABLE 18
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Mar. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average Per
Production Day
*Plant shut down
Tons
Received
283.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
282.7
244.4
259.4
303.8
260.9
0
293.3
244.8
259.6
261.4
275.5
0
Q
269.9
for major maintenance between
Tons
Per Hr..
36.3
0
0
0*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
37.7
33.5
35.5
37.5
37.3
0
37.6
34.0
34.6
32.3
34.9
0
_g
35.6
March 4 and
March 18, 1974.
99
-------
TABLE 19
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
April ' 74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
289.5
319.1
256.6
250.3
301.1
0
0
260.9
277.4
304.4
301.4
249.3
0
0
309.8
296.7
288.2
252.0
271.1
0
0
249.0
253.2
253.0
260.6
277.3
0
0
262.3
281.5
275.7
Tons
Per Hr.
41.4
40.4
36.7
31.3
45.7
0
0
38.9
43.3
39.0
43.7
37.8
0
0
40.8
37.6
37.9
36.5
37.6
0
0
35.6
38.4
37.8
38.3
39.6
0
0
42.3
40.8
39.2
100
-------
TABLE 20
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
May '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
275.0
244.0
276.0
0
0
154.0
0
232.2
259.3
272.1
0
, 0
246.5
301.4
207.0
175.0
257.6
0
0
247.2
225.91
182. ,9j
296.3
241.1
0
0
0
271.7
263.5
312.2
282.9
237.4
Tons
Per Hr.
40.4
37.5
35.8
0
0
37.6
0
31.0
47.1
39.4
0
0
37.9
48.6
39.8
34.3
40.9
0
0
41.9
37.7
47.0
37.1
0
0
0
36.2
41.8
40.0
41.0
39.6
101
-------
TABLE 21
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Tune '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received •
220.6
0
267.0
261.5
238.1
277.0
241.4
0
0
27. 5L
42. 8J
249.8
370.9
248.7
0
0
15. Si
308. 9f
267. F
143.4
0
0
0
300.8
295.0
312.1
297.7
189.4
0
0
228.8
Tons
Per Hr.
40.9
0
39.9
37.9
39.0
44.7
36.6
0
0
0
43.9
39.0
48.8
35.5
0
0
0
47.0
43.9
41.0
0
0
0
45.6
50.0
45.2
48.0
40.3
0
_g
42.6
L02
-------
TABLE 22
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
July '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
242.1
242.6
340.6
0
289.9
231.0
0
305.3
278.7
257.0
268.9
252.4
0
0
272.4
255.5
258.2
310.7
292.2
0
0
225.6
186.4
331.8
361.0
225.6
0
0
390.4
344.8
409.5
285.8
Tons
Per Hr.
48.4
41.1
60.8
0
46.0
55.0
0
50.9
51.6
51.4
42.7
40.7
0
0
43.9
45.6
39.1
49.3
46.4
0
0
48.0
42.4
53.5
52.3
44.2
0
0
61.0
75.0
65.0
50.2
103
-------
TABLE 23
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Auqust '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
377.1
354.8
0
0
0
0
0
334.1
313.7
0
0
321.4
306.2
299.8
179.4
311.6
0
0
385.9
371.0
321.1
350.5
326.2
0
0
268.4
347.8
265.1
382.1
353.4
0
324.7
Tons
Per Hr.
69.8
61.2
0
0
0
0
0
48.4
52.3
0
0
48.0
50.2
50.8
51.3
43.9
0
0
59.4
55.4
49.4
52.3
50.2
0
0
53.7
47.6
54.1
60.7
57.9
_0
53.5
104
-------
TABLE 24
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Sept. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
0
0
444.3
422.4
457.5
429.6
352.8
0
380.7
392.9
235.0
370.7
323.5
0
0
382.3
421.5
292.0
298.2
335.3
0
0
221.6
279.1
382.0
276.1
306.6
0
0
389.0
352.1
Tons
Per Hr.
0
0
76.6
72.8
60.2
60.5
55.1
0
57.7
57.8
44.3
58.8
55.8
0
0
65.9
59.4
62.1
71.0
56.8
0
0
63.4*
63.4 .
63.7
58.7
62.6
0
0
63.8
61.4
*September 23, 1974, some refuse left overnight.
is rate for two days, September 23, September 24.
Production rate
105
-------
TABLE 2 5
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Oct. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
372.9
336.8
359.6
302.5
0
0
404.4
353.0
302.7
367.0
355.5
0
0
386.5
361.4
321.2
343.3
51.7
0
0
393.1
418.0
331.2
364.6
351.4
0
0
152.7
396.3
351.5
394.1
337.9
Tons
Per Hr.
62.2
60.1
76.5
60.5
0
0
69.7
56.0
58.2
62.2
51.5
0
0
67.8
68.2
58.4
62.4
25.8
0
0
60.5
60.6
59.1
60.8
54.9
0
0
58.7
61.0
61.7
59.7
59.8
106
-------
TABLE'2 6
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Nov. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
227.7
0
0
413.1
417.1
395.8
393.9
367.7
0
0
342.0
376.7
386.9
403.8
314.9
0
0
295.7
345.5
367. ,5
339.1
317.0
0
0
326.4
321.5
286.8
0
321.9
250.8
343.4
Tons
Per Hr.
59.9
0
0
71.2
64.2
69.4
72.9
61.3
0
0
61.1
61.8
73.0
72.1
70.0
0
0
59.1
60.6
63.4
69.2
62.2
0
0
58.3
63.0
54.1
0
65.7
64.3
64.6
107
-------
TABLE 27
FACILITY THROUGHPUT IN TONS PER HOUR
Date
Dec. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19*
20
21
22
23*
24*
25
26*
27*
28
29
30*
31*
Average Per
Production Day
Tons
Received
0
352.1
355.3
302.6
381.0
294.2
0
0
308.7
307.1
205.1
319.9
317.8
0
0
351.0
330.5
286.7
156.5
264.9
0
0
0
211.2
Xmas
163.9
238.7
289.5
0
0
0
286.1
Tons
Per Hr.
0
67.7
68.3
63.0
68.0
58.8
0
0
51.4
55.8
52.6
60.4
55.8
0
0
61.6
63.6
56.2
54.0
47.3
0
0
0
49.1
48.2
47.7
56.8
0
0
_jO
57.2
*Also ran Shredder in Unit No. 2.
108
-------
o
kO
I* I* |M Iflt MN<
FIGURE 13
-------
90
80
SO
I-1
M
O
1
O 90
*0
SO
.20
KH
AVERAGE
SHtEEng
tJin^tjl^g
Ms
FEMlli L
IGDiC
ratKtt
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
V Ih
1
•• i
IS
in
V
I
i>»
tin
u» cm
u
*
^V
i1
S3
S
«*{;
FIGURE 14
-------
Size of Slave Opening (Inches)
W k.
3 t I
FIGURE 15
-------
fr
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
U (.
i i
I/B l/fc U32 PAN, ~
I I I L_J—1—1
-- --r-H-t— __
FIGURE 16
-------
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
3 a
1/8 1/16 1/32 PAK'
FIGURE 17
-------
fr
It
90
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
3 .
U$
1/8 1/16 1/32 MM
10 - ON^iAcavi cpuijn
FIGURE 18
-------
Size of Sleye Opening (Inqhos)
3 a
^--_
S
*>
FIGURE 19
-------
fr
Size of Steve Opening (Inches)
ft* *.
. i
1/8
u»
o -
FIGURE 20
-------
Sice of Slave Opening (inches)
O fc-
3 2 I
FIGURE 21
-------
p
00
Size of Sieve Opening (inches)
u ». a
i i i
• t -I Ut
1>» I/B I/W 1/32 PAN
FIGURE 22
-------
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
W h 01
31 I 1/2
I/B I/W 1/32
FIGURE 23
-------
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
u *
3 * I
FIGURE 24
-------
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
w k.
3 2 j
irz i/« I>B i/kt i/u
fIGURE 25
-------
M
fr
si
90
80-
70-
I
I E
r so-
O. 40,
30-
60 ' (—j-
20r
AVERAGt
FIGURE 26
J1I
1IM1
t
Size of
3
Sieve Opening
u
•
(Inches)
f
i
9 O •
1/2
ii'illli!
1/8 l/m 1/32 PAN'
ftt
W
til
U
E.
-------
to
Size of Sieve Opening (Inches)
4 s
u* to a* MM! s
FIGLURI 27
-------
TABLE 28
WEAR ON RING TYPE GRINDERS
SET NO. 1*
Wear
Grinder
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Maximum
(inches)+
1 1/2
1 1/8
1 13/16
1 5/8
2
1 1/8
1 3/4
1 5/8
1 5/8
1 5/8
1
1
1 3/8
1
1 5/8
1 5/16
2 1/8
1 1/8
1 15/16
2
2
1 7/16
1 15/16
1 3/4
1 5/8
1 7/8
1 1/2
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 5/8
Minimum
(inches)
1/2
1/2
5/16
3/4
1/2
5/16
3/4
11/16
3/4
13/16
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/4
5/8
3/8
1/4
9/16
5/8
11/16
7/16
5/8
3/8
1/4
3/8
3/4
3/8
11/16
7/16
Grinder
No.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Wear
Maximum
(inches)
1 9/lb
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 9/16
1 3/8
1 3/8
5/8
7/16
1 1/8
1 3/16
1 5/8
1 11/16
1 7/8
1 1/4
1
1 15/16
1 9/16
1 3/16
1 1/2
1 3/8
1 3/8
1 1/4
1 1/2
1
1 1/4
1 1/8
1 1/8
7/8
1
Minimum
(inches)
1/1
11/16
11/16
9/16
3/8
3/8
7/16
3/8
3/4
1/4
5/8
9/16
5/8
3/8
3/8
7/16
3/4
5/16
7/16
3/8
1/2
5/8
1/2
5/8
1/2
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8
1/4
These are the original ring type grinders. They were Ln
use in January and February 1974.
+Original dimension from circumference of bore to outer
edge of tooth was 3 3/4 inches.
124
-------
TABLE 29
WEAR ON RING TYPE GRINDERS
SET NO. 2*
Wear
Grinder Maximum
No. (inches)+
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5/8
3/8
7/8
7/8
7/8
9/16
13/16
3/4
3/16
13/16
5/8
5/8
1/2
5/8
9/16
5/8
1/2
9/16
3/4
3/4
*These are the
Minimum
(inches)
1
9/16
1 3/16
5/8
11/16
1 1/8
15/16
3/8
11/16
9/16
15/16
9/16
5/8
3/4
5/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
15/16
1
Grinder
No.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41*
first replacement ring
Wear
Maximum
(inches)
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
5/8
7/16
5/8
9/16
13/16
7/8
7/16
7/8
1/2
3/8
3/4
1/2
5/8
7/16
7/16
1/4
3/16
3/4
5/8
type grinders.
Minimum
(Inches).
1
11/16
1/2
3/4
11/16
3/4
15/16
1
1
1
15/16
3/4
3/4
7/16
15/16
5/8
13/16
5/8
13/16
7/8
1
They
were in use from March through July 1974.
+Original dimension from circumference of bore to outer edge
of tooth was 3 3/4 inches.
£Only 41 of 61 ring type grinders were measured. The other
19 were scrapped before measurements could be made.
125
-------
TABLE 30
WEAR ON RING TYPE GRINDERS
SET NO. 3*
Wear
Grinder
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Maximum
(inches)+
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
7/8
13/16
7/8
9/16
3/8
1/4
1/16
5/8
1/8
3/4
5/8
3/4
7/8
13/16
1/4
7/8
1/4
1/4
1/2
7/8
5/16
3/4
15/16
7/8
11/16
1/2
7/8
11/16
Minimum
(inches)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5/8
3/4
3/4
15/16
1/4
1/16
15/16
15/16
15/16
3/4
1/8
7/8
7/8
5/8
15/16
3/4
15/16
3/8
1/8
15/16
1/4
3/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
Grinder
No.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Wear
Maximum
(inches)
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
7/8
3/4
1/4
3/4
13/16
13/16
13/16
7/8
13/16
1/8
5/8
15/16
1/4
7/8
3/4
15/16
1/2
1/8
13/16
15/16
7/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
13/16
3/8
Minimum
(inches)
1
3/4
1 1/8
9/16
7/8
15/16
15/16
1/2
7/8
3/4
7/8
1 1/8
9/16
3/4
1
15/16
5/8
5/8
3/8
1 1/8
5/8
3/4
1 1/8
1
1/2
13/16
1
1/2
7/8
1 1/8
*These are the second replacement of ring type grinders. They
were in use from August 1974 through April 1975.
+Original dimension from circumference of bore to outer edge of
tooth was 3 3/4 inches.
126
-------
TABLE 31
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
fan. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
'f
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
0
9.0
7.1
0
6.0
0
6.9
6.4
6.4
9.4
8.0
0
0
8.8
9.3
6.6
7.7
8.1
0
0
8.7
9.2
8.0
7.9
8.7
0
0
7.8
5.3
9.3
8.2
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs.)
1.3
1.2
4.5
Matl's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
0
1.2
0.8
0
1.0
0
1.5
1.6
0.8
3.1
1.7
0
0
3.1
1.9
1.6
0.7
1.7
0
0
2.1
2.3
1.7
2.3
1.9
0
0
0.1
0.8
1.8
1.7
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
0
. 7.8
6.3
0
5.0
0
5.4
4.8
4.3
6.3
6.3
0
, 0
5.7
(
7.4
5.0
7.0
6.4
0
0
6.6
6.9
5.1
5.6
6.8
0
0
3.2
4.5
7.5
6.5
Remarks
Holiday
Shear pin failure, infeed
conveyor
Christmas tree jam up
Christmas tree Jam up plus
scales not working
Christmas tree jam up
Sunday
Christmas tree jam up
Christmas tree jam up
Transfer conveyor down due
to weld failure
Paper jam up (cardboard)
Paper jam up (cardboard)
Sunday
Cardboard jam plus transfer
truck out of service
Cardboard jam
Metal Obstacles in refuse
Metal obstacles in refuse
Delay due to assistance in
unloading hopper for
Unit No. 2
Sunday
Metal obstacles in refuse
Metal obstacles in refuse
Electrical malfunction on
infeed conveyor
Metal obstacles in refuse
Metal obstacles in refuse
Sunday
Transfer conveyor bearing
failure
Production halted due to
construction Unit No. 2
interference, material
left on dump floor
Shear pin failure
Excessive cans of mincemeat
127
-------
TABLE 32
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
Feb. '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
i
26
27
28
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
8.6
0
0
7.0
8.0
7.4
7.5
8.8
0
0
8.0
7.7
8.1
8.6
8.1
0
0
8.5
7.8
9.3
7.8
8.7
0
0
8.5
9.0
9.2
9.0
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs.)
.3
1.0
Mall's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
1.6
0
0
2.6
1.6
.9
.7
1.4
0
0
1.7
1.6
1.0
1.7
.4
0
0
1.2
1.3
3.1
1.0
2.6
0
0
1.0
.9
.9
1.5
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
7.0
0
0
4.4
6.4
6.5
6.8
7.4
0
0
6.3
6.1
6.8
6.9
7.7
0
0
7.3
5.5
6.2
6.8
6.1
0
0
7.5
8.1
8.3
7.5
Remarks
Miscellaneous iron, hard
gears, axles
Sunday
Excessive paper
(1) Transfer truck down
Miscellaneous iron,waiting
for transfer trucks
Broke shear pins ,
miscellaneous iron
No problems
Waiting on transfer truck ,
miscellaneous iron
Sunday
Bridges & iron (hood jams)
Wait for transfer trucks,
hood jams
Miscellaneous iron,
discharge jams
Excessive iron
No problems
Sunday
Wait for garbage ,
miscellaneous iron,
discharge jam
Miscellaneous iron,
broken conveyor weld
Bridging cardboard, wood,
iron and couches
Wait for transfer trucks
Cardboard jam at pit,
discharge jam,
miscellaneous iron
Sunday
Wait for transfer trucks ,
miscellaneous iron
Wait for transfer trucks ,
miscellaneous iron
Transfer conveyor electrical
problem, loader hit
emergency stop control
Miscellaneous iron, wait
for transfer trucks ,
discharge jam
128
-------
^ *>• -i on
t-.riLiJL 00
«. I
DA:
*
•'- J
i
Total
I Spin
1 Time
(Hrs.)
8.8
ii ^
1 :
LY PRODUCTION CHART
Break-
Down
Time
(Hrs.)
0
j
i
i j
i!
i! !
!
i
i
i
!
o
; 3.8
1
s --1
•i
i i
9.1 i
i
9.4
!
;
i
7.R
0
3.8
i
i ;
8.3
i
\ '
; 7.9
| 9.J
ii 9'C
!! P
', ' 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
i
i
0
0
0
0
0
0
Matl1 s .
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
1.0
0
0
1.3
.8
1.8
1.3
.8
0
1.0
1.1
.4
1.2
1.1
0
0
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
7.8
0
0
0
7.5
7.3
7.3
8.1
7.0
0
7.8
7.2
7.5
8.1
7.9
0
0
Remarks |
i
i
j
j
Miscellaneous iro:i • |
Sunday J
Plant down for ,-njor i
maintenance March 4 i
through March J8, 1974
'r
1
Sunday ;
;
i
I
Sunday '
Snow, did not operate 1
Wait for garbage, ,'
cardboard bridge
Hand loads slowed ;
production
Transfer jam, iron. Ko. .
packer down at 2:45 PM i
Mo. 2 packer in |
production at J2-.00 noon.
Trucks held up 'pressure
switch on pec'rer bioU-n)
Learbury cloth ^uttinr"-
balled up. Removed k~ n 1
conveyor
Sunday
Wait for transfer '.:»c - .- .
No. 2 packer dov. .-i,
coupling '
No. 2 packer ir rcrvv'i
at 12:30 PM. W'n't f..i .
transfer trucks, tic-ns:er \
jem
Gooc run [
Wood bridge, yam '*;,.
Bride. ? , iron '•
S::nci*y
129
-------
TABLE 34
DAILY PRODUCTION CI TART
Date
April '?'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
. .. Break
Spin •; Down
Tinio I Time
(HrsJII (Mrs.)
9.1
9.3
9.0
9.1
7.8
0
8.5
7.8
10.0
8.9
8.4
0
9.9
9.6
9.2
8.0
9.3
0
8.3
8.7
7.9
8.0
7.8
0
8.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.3 ! 0
1
Mall's.
riow
Jnlerrup-
Uon Time
(Ilrs.)
2.1
1.4
2.0
1.1
1.2
0
1.8
1.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
0
2.3
1.7
1.6
1.1
2.1
0
1.3
2.1
1.2
1.2
.8
0
2.3
1.4
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
7.0
7.9
7.0
8.0
6.6
0
6.7
6.4
7.8
6.9
6.6
0
7.6
7.9
7.6
6.9
7.2
0
7.0
6.6
6.7
6.8
7.0
0
6.2
6.9
Remark o
Flat tire loader,
miscellaneous iron.
Miscellaneous iron, wait
for transfer trucks .
Wait for transfer trucks ,
miscellaneous iron.
Wait for transfer trucks ,
bridge, hot water tanks .
Discharge jam,
miscellaneous iron.
Sunday
Pins-hood jam Discharge,
jams.
Wait for transfer trucks, iron
Wait for transfer trucks,
miscellaneous iron.
Wait for transfer trucks .
Wait for transfer trucks,
miscellaneous iron.
Sunday
Discharge jams, wait for
transfer trucks.
Wait for transfer trucks,
bridges .
Wait for transfer trucks , iron
Wait for transfer trucks ,
removing white goods, iron.
Wait for transfer trucks , ',
bridge cardboard, iron.
Sunday
Wait for transfer trucks ,
bridge/jams, iron.
Wait for transfer trucks ,
jams/bridge-white goods
Wait for transfer trucks ,
transfer jam - iron,
Wait for transfer trucks ,
paper slow down.
Wait for transfer trucks .
Sunday
Wait for transfer trucks ,
bridge, discharge jam.
Bridge-iron, wait for
transfer trucks.
130
-------
TABLE 35
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
May '7 A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
8.2
7.7
9.2
0
0
9.2
8.0
8.4
7.3
8.8
0
0
8.2
8.5
7.1
9.8
7.4
0
0
9.2
8.0
8.2
9.7
8.4
0
0
0
9.1
8.1
9.1
8.6
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs.)
0
0
0
0
0
4.0
8.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.7
0
0
0
0.7
2.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Matl's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
1.4
1.2
1.5
0
0
1.1
0
.9
1.8
1.9
0
0
1.7
2.3
1.9
1.0
1.1
0
0
2.6
.4
2.1
3.4
1.9
0
0
0
1.6
1.8
1.3
1.7
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
6.8
6.5
7.7
0
0
4.1
0
7.5
5.5
6.9
0
0
6.5
6.2
5.2
5.1
6.3
0
0
5.9
4.8
6.1
6.3
6.5
0
0
0
7.5
6.3
7.8
6.9
Remarks
Miscellaneous iron
DPW trucks down on dump
floor
Hood jams, wait for transfer
trucks
Sunday
Weld sweep housing,
discharge jams
Weld lower section of
shredder
Discharge jams
Discharge jams
Discharge jams, fires
Sunday
No. 1 packer down
Shear pins; iron, wait for
transfer trucks
Tar paper bridge , wait for
transfer trucks
Discharge fire
Wait for transfer trucks
Sunday
Hood jam, transfer conveyor
broken down
Broken shaft on transfer
conveyor, shut down early
Wait for transfer trucks,
discharge jam
Flat tire, wait for transfer
trucks
Broken pin, hood jam
Sunday
Holiday
Hot water tanks, wait for
transfer trucks,
miscellaneous iron
Discharge jam, hood jam
Discharge jam, wait for
transfer trucks
Wait for transfer trucks ,
flat tire, jams
131
-------
TABLE 36
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
Dune '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
6.0
0
8.7
7.7
7.4
6.7
7.2
0
0
8.0
8.0
7.3
7.9
7.7
0
0
8.0
7.6
6.6
5.8
0
0
0
7.3
7.3
7.5
6.7
6.0
0
0
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs.)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.0
6.3
0
0
0
0
0
8.0
0
0
*1.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Matl's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
.6
0
2.0
.8
1.3
.5
.6
0
0
0
.1
.9
.3
.7
0
0
0
.7
.5
1.2
0
0
0
.7
1.4
.6
.5
1.3
0
0
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
5.4
0
6.7
6.9
6.1
6.2
6.6
0
0
, 0
1.6
6.4
7.6
7.0
0
0
0
6.9
6.1
3.5
0
0
0
6.6
5.9
6.9
6.2
4.7
0
0
Remarks
Bridge, wait for transfer trucks
Sunday
lestrictor jams , wait for
ransfer trucks
ron,wait for transfer trucks.
>ridge
Wait for transfer trucks.
restrictor jams
Lost restrictor, iron, jam
[ron, wait for transfer trucks
Sunday
Shredder down, electric
>ower switch
Electrical
Wait for transfer trucks
ams
ron, bridge
Sunday
Electrical
am, iron, bridge
ron
*Barrel wedge in discharge
chute] - bridges, jams, iron
Shredder down-no water
pressure
Sunday
'aper jams , hot water heaters
Wait for transfer trucks
Wait for transfer trucks
Bridge, restrictor jam
Broken sweeper blade , truck
flat, wait for transfer trucks
Sunday
132
-------
TABLE 37
DAILY PRODUCTION
Date
uly '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
8.4
7.7
7.8
0
9.4
6.2
0
8.0
8.2
7.7
8.1
7.8
0
0
6.8
8.1
7.7
7.5
7.0
0
0
6.5
7.3
6.5
7.6
6.7
0
0
6.7
5.1
6.7
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs . )
*2.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
* .9
0
0
0
0
0
*1.4
*1.9
0
0
*1.5
0
0
0
0
0
Matl's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
1.2
1.8
2.2
0
3.1
2.0
0
2.0
2.8
2.7
1.8
1.6
0
0
.6
1.6
1.1
1.2
.7
0
0
.4
1.0
.3
.7
.1
0
0
.3
.5
.4
CHART
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
5.0
' 5.9
5.6
0
6.3
4.2
0
6.0
5.4
5.0
6.3
6.2
0
0
6.2
5.6
6.6
6.3
6.3
0
0
4.7
4.4
6.2
6.9
5.1
0
0
6.4
4.6
6.3
Remarks
kNo oil pressure /wait for
ransfer trucks
Discharge jams-iron,wait
:or transfer trucks
Miscellaneous iron-wait for
transfer trucks
loliday
discharge jams, wait, for
transfer trucks
ams,wait for transfer trucks,
restrictor delays
Sunday
Wait for transfer trucks
Bridges-jams-wait for
transfer trucks
Fire -jams -wait for transfer
trucks
Walt for transfer truck s-
jridge-hot water heaters and
.ron
Bridge-wait for transfer trucks
Sunday
Discharge jams-wait for
garbage
*No oil pressure -discharge
lam-wait for transfer trucks
Pins -miscellaneous iron-
wait for transfer trucks
Material very dry-discharge
jam
He stricter bridge and jam
Sunday
*Belt pins loose, re paired
*Repaired discharge baffle
plate-no garbage-repaired
screen
Good day
Discharge jam-
miscellaneous iron
*Replaced 1 sweeper liner
plate
Sunday
Good day
No. 2 packer replaced REX
sprocket on pump
Bridge
133
-------
TABLE 38
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
Aug. 74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
6.2
7.5
0
0
0
0
0
8.9
7.4
0
0
7.9
7.8
6.3
6.2
7.5
0
0
7.9
8.1
7.4
8.6
7.7
0
0
5.9
7.6
8.9
7.8
6.5
0
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs . )
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*1.0
0
0
0
* .8
0
*2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*1.0
0
0
0
* .7
0
*3.6
0
0
0
Matl's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
.8
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
2.0
.4
0
0
1.2
.9
.4
.7
.4
0
0
1.4
1,4
.9
.9
1.2
0
0
.2
.3
.4
1.5
.4
0
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
5.4
5.8
0
0
0
0
0
6.9
6.0
0
0
6.7
6.1
5.9
3.5
7.1
0
0
6.5
6.7
6.5
6.7
6.5
0
0
5.0
7.3
4.9
6.3
6.1
0
Remarks
Discharge Jams-wait for
garbage
Discharge jams
Sunday
Shredder down,
changing
ring type grinders
Walt for garbage -restrictor
problems caused broken
pins
*Lost breaker bar
Sunday
Walt for garbage - discharge
jams
*Lost breaker plate. Dlscharg
jam-wait for garbage
Hood jam
*Dlscharge conveyor broke
Walt for garbage
Sunday
Discharge jams
Hood jams - broke 3 pins -
wait for garbage
3 discharge jams - wait for
garbage
*Exploslon acetone - no
major damage - discharge
jams
Walt for garbage - restrictor
and discharge jams
Sunday
*No oil pressure
Good run
*Machine down, excessive
oil pressure - clean jets -
change oil
Wait for garbage - discharge
Jams - flat tire on pay-
loader-wait for garbage
Discharge jams
134
-------
TABLE 39
DAILY P
Date
lept.74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
0
0
7.3
8.1
7.9
8.0
7.2
0
7.6
8.0
7.4
6.7
6.9
0
0
6.6
7.7
6.1
7.0
7.2
0
0
8.3
8.1
7.1
6.5
6.2
0
0
6.5
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs . )
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
* .8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*1.5
0
0
0
*5.5
0
0
0
* .7
0
0
0
RODUCTION CHART
Matl's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
0
0
1.5
2.3
.3
.9
.8
0
1.0
1.2
1.3
.4
1.1
0
0
.8
.6
1.4
1.3
1.3
0
0
.4
2.6
1.1
i
1.8
.6
0
0
.4
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
0
0
5.8
5.8
7.6
7.1
6.4
0
6.6
6.8
5.3
6.3
5.8
0
0
5.8
7.1
4.7
4.2
5.9
0
0
2.4
5.5
6.0
4.7
4.9
0
0
6.1
Remarks
Sunday
Holiday
Wait for garbage -wait for
ransfer trucks
Discharge jams-wait for
ransfer trucks
Jridge
Discharge jams-wait-for
transfer trucks
Wait for garbage
Sunday
Wait for garbage-wait for
transfer trucks - bridging
Wait for garbage -bridge -
discharge jams-hot water
tanks
*Breaker plate broke off,hooc
am - discharge jam
3ood day
lestrictor jam-miscellaneous
iron
Sunday
Discharge jams, wait for
transfer trucks
Wait for transfer trucks
Wait for transfer trucks
*Niagara Mohawk planned
shutdown-No . 2 packer down-
wait for transfer trucks
No. 2 packer -electrical
problems -transfer conveyor
broke
Sunday
*Electrical short to discharge
convey or -machine down-No.
2 packer electrical relay
No. 2 packer down-repaired-
wait for transfer trucks
Bridging-miscellaneous iron
wait for garbage
Wait for transfer trucks
*Pipe caused discharge jam
wait for garbage
Sunday
Good day
135'
-------
TABLE 40
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
Oct. 74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.
7.7
6.5
5.2
6.6
0
0
6.4
6.9
7.4
6.5
7.2
0
0
6.5
6.5
5.7
5.6
8.0
0
0
6.6
7.3
5.8
6.5
7.3
0
0
8.0
7.3
6.1
7.0
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs . )
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*5.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*5.4
0
0
0
Mall's.
I'low
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
1.7
.9
.5
1.6
0
0
.6
.6
2.2
.6
.3
0
0
.8
1.2
.2
.1
.2
0
0
.1
.4
.2
.5
i
i
.9
0
0
.0
.8
.4
.4
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
6.0
5.6
4.7
5.0
0
0
5.8
6.3
5.2
5.9
6.9
0
0
5.7
5.3
5.5
5.5
2.0
0
0
6.5
Remarks
discharge + hood jams -
vait for garbage
Wait for garbage
iVait for transfer trucks
Wait for garbage -flat tire on
oader
Sunday
Wait for transfer trucks and
garbage
Jrldge -discharge jam
Miscellaneous iron-flat tire
on loader - wait for garbage
Discharge conveyor belt
adjusted
Discharge jams
Sunday
Discharge jams -wait for
transfer trucks
Wait for garbage -Hot Water
tanks-discharge & restrictor
jams
Miscellaneous iron
Good day
*Machine down broke
discharge conveyor drive
shaft
Sunday
Good day
6.9 |Hot water tanks
5.6 § Good day
6.0
6.4
0
0
2.6
6.5
5.7
6.6
Miscellaneous iron-hot
water tanks -discharge jam
Hot water tanks -
Miscellaneous iron
Sunday
Motors would not start-
relays set too low
Wait for garbage-wait for
transfer trucks
Walt for garbage-discharge
jams
Bridges
136
-------
TABLE 41
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
Nov.' 7 4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
6.0
0
0
6.4
7.2
6.0
6.2
6.4
0
0
6.0
6.4
5.4
6.1
6.3
0
0
6.7
6.7
6.8
5.7
6.6
0
0
6.1
6.6
6.5
0
5.4
5.3
Break
Down
Time
(Hrs . )
2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.6*
0
0
1.0*
0
0
0
.3*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.7*
Matl's.
Flow
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
.2
0
0
.6
.7
.3
.8
.4
0
0
.4
.3
.1
.5
1.2
0
0
.7
1.0
1.0
.8
1.2
0
0
.5
1.5
1.2
0
.5
.7
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
3.8
0
0
5.8
6.5
5.7
5.4
6.0
0
0
5.6
6.1
5.3
5.6
4.5
0
0
5.0
5.7
5.8
4.9
5.1
0
0
5.6
5.1
5.3
0
4.9
3.9
Remarks
Machine down, Infeed con-
veyor jammed with hot water
tank
Sunday
Wait for garbage & transfer
trucks
Wait for garbage & transfer
trucks
Wait for transfer trucks
Wait for transfer trucks
Bridge
Sunday
Discharge jam
Good day
Good day
Hood Jam
*Had to cut out long sheet
of tin
Hood & discharge jams
Sunday
*Had to clean out infeed
conveyor
14 pieces iron rollers
Hood jam
Discharge jam - wait for
transfer trucks
Wait for transfer trucks -
Rain, trucks slow
*Sheet of steel caused
discharge jam
Wait for garbage & transfer
trucks
Sunday
2 discharge jams
Wait for garbage & transfer
trucks
Wait for transfer trucks -
discharge jams
Holiday
Wait for transfer trucks
*Lost breaker plate
Wait for garbage & transfer
trucks
137
-------
TABLE 42
DAILY PRODUCTION CHART
Date
Dec '74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
**19
20
21
22
**23
**24
25
**26
**27
28
29
**30
**31
Total
Spin
Time
(Hrs.)
0
5.6
6.1
6.0
6.1
5.9
0
0
7.2
6.8
7.0
6.4
6.2
0
0
7.1
7.1
6.9
3.5
6.0
0
0
0
4.8
0
4.2
6.0
6.0
0
0
0
Brook
Down
Time
(Hrs . )
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.6*
0
0
0
0
0
1..0*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mail's.
now
Interrup-
tion Time
(Hrs.)
0
.4
.9
1.2
.5
.9
0
0
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.1
.5
0
0
1.4
.9
1.8
.6
.4
0
0
0
.5
0
.8
1.0
.9
0
0
0
Pro-
duction
Time
(Hrs.)
0
5.2
5.2
4.8
5.6
5.0
0
0
6.0
5.5
3.9
5.3
5.7
0
0
5.7
5.2
5.1
2.9
5.6
0
0
0
4.3
0
3.4
5.0
5.1
0
0
0
Remarks
Wait for garbage- transfer tr.
No. 1 packer acting up
Bridge-discharge jams-wait
for transfer trucks
140-5 gal. pails in push pit-
sticky liquid-hand pick (.6)
Discharge jam
Hardware-wait for transfer
trucks
Sunday
Discharge jam & bridge,
No. 2 Packer down
Wait for trucks-Discharge
jams
*Transfer Conveyor down,
weld drum .
Wait for transfer trucks
Wait for transfer trucks -Pin
broken in feed conveyor
Good day
Sunday
Wait for garbage and transfer
trucks, bridge
*Chain broke-transfer
conveyor
Wait for garbage
Discharge jam-bridge-fire
iron- wait for garbage
Discharge jams
Discharge jams
Sunday
Wait for transfer trucks
Holiday
Wait for garbage & transfer
trucks
Wait for garbage & transfer
trucks
Wait for garbage
Sunday
**Also ran shredder in
Unit No. 2
138
-------
c
Q
M
Isi
U)
Propan* Tank
Storage
SOLID WASTE MILLING FACILITY
SITE LAYOUT
FIGURE 28
------- |