ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT A Summary of Water Pollution and Related Factors Memphis Metropolitan Area Arkansas - Mississippi - Tennessee Review and Evaluation Branch Denver Field Investigation Center Denver, Colorado October 1971 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page LIST OF FIGURES ii LIST OF TABLES ii I INTRODUCTION 1 • II SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2 III DESCRIPTION OF AREA 5 IV APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS 8 A. ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE REQUIREMENTS 8 B. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 10 C. WASTE DISCHARGE PERMIT PROGRAMS 16 Refuse Act Permit Program (RAPP) 16 State Certifications 19 Oil Pollution Regulations 20 State Discharge Permits 20 V. HISTORY OF ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS 22 A. FEDERAL-STATE ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE 22 B. MERCURY POLLUTION INVESTIGATIONS 24 C. REFUSE ACT ACTIONS . 25 VI SOURCES OF POLLUTION 28 A. MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCES 29 B. INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCES 35. Loosahatchie River Drainage 49 Wolf River Drainage 50 Nonconnah Creek Drainage 50 Mississippi River Drainage 54 VII WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS 55 A. LOOSAHATCHIE RIVER 56 B. WOLF RIVER 56 C. NONCONNAH CREEK 57 D. MCKELLAR LAKE 58 E. MISSISSIPPI RIVER 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY 60 APPENDICES A. Arkansas Water Quality Criteria applicable to the Mississippi River ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Title B. Summary of Tennessee Water Quality Standards C. Summary of Mississippi Water Quality Standards D. Refuse Act Permit Application E. Tennessee Discharge Permit Requirements F. Enforcement Conference Summary Page LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. III-l VI-1 Title 'Vicinity Map Sources of Pollution Page "Follows Page 5 Follows Page 29 LIST OF TABLES Table No. IV-1 VI-1 VI-2 VI-3 VI-4 Title Designated Water Uses Municipal Waste Sources Non-Municipal Sewage Treatment Facilities Industrial Waste Discharge Summary Implementation Plan for Industrial Sources Page 13 30 33 36 51 ii ------- CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION The Region IV office of EPA has requested that the Denver Field Inves- tigation Center (DFIC) undertake an investigation of waste sources and water quality conditions in the Memphis, Tennessee, metropolitan area. Large volumes of untreated municipal and industrial wastes are discharged to the Mississippi River and tributaries at this.location. Completion of adequate treatment facilities is several years away. Violations of water quality standards are occurring. Field investigations and evaluations of existing information arc plan- ned to determine if the need exists for appropriate enforcement actions such as Refuse Act cases or a reconvening of the Lower Mississippi River Enforcement Conference. This report, summarizes., existing .information on waste sources, and .water quality conditions in the Memphis, Tennessee, metropolitan area including minor portions of Arkansas and Mississippi. Applicable water quality regu- lations and previous enforcement activities arc also discussed. ------- CHAPTER II. SUMMARY AMD CONCLUSIONS 1. Abatement of pollution caused by discharges of untreated and inade- quately treated municipal and industrial wastes from sources located in the Memphis metropolitan area has proceeded at a slow rate in the past. At the present time, almost all municipal wastes and a major portion of the industrial wastes receive no treatment. 2. A large-scale regional interceptor sewer system is under construction. As interceptors are completed, most industries are connecting to the system for disposal of industrial wastes. Essentially all domestic and industrial sources of sanitary wastes in the area covered by the Memphis system have already connected to the system. 3. Two large secondary treatment plants are planned to serve the Memphis regional sewerage, .system.-. The .South. Plant, with a .desi'gn capacity-.of . 85 mgd, is under construction and is scheduled for completion in July, 1974. Construction of the North Plant, with a design capacity of 135 mgd, is scheduled to begin about January, 1973, with completion in December, 1976. Until these plants are in operation, all wastes discharged to the Memphis sewer system will be discharged to the Mississippi River without treatment except for some pretreatment of industrial wastes. 4. In 1970, an average of about 90 mgd of mixed municipal and industrial wastes was discharged to the Mississippi River from six large Memphis interceptor sewer outfalls. An additional 43 mgd of industrial wastes was discharged to tributary streams in the Memphis area. 5. As a result of the above pollution, water quality conditions in the ------- Wolf and Mississippi Rivers, Nonconnah Creek, and McKellar Lake are in violation of Federal-State water quality standards. 6. A Federal-State Enforcement Conference was held in Hay, 1964, to con- sider means of abating interstate pollution in the Lower Mississippi River resulting from discharges of Endrin by Velsicol Chemical Corpor- ation in Memphis. The recommendations of this conference have essen- tially been complied with and the Endrin pollution problem abated with the exception that a potential problem still exists. 7. A court suit has been filed against the American Finishing Company (Whittaker Corporation Textile Service Center) by the U. S. Attorney citing pollution of Nonconnah Creek by discharges of textile wastes in violation of the Refuse Act of 1899. 8. As of September 15, 1971, a total of 31 applications .from industries for discharge permits under the provisions of the Refuse Act of 1899 had been received' for review by the Atlanta, Gebrg'iaj EPA 'Regional Office. Other permit applications were being processed by the U. S. Army "Engineers District, Memphis. Not" all industries'required "to obtain'discharge permits had submitted applications. 9. Due to the current industrial activity to connect to the Memphis interceptor system, the present status of various industrial waste sources is unknown. A detailed source inventory is needed to determine which, if any, industries may be discharging to surface v/aters without submitting applications for Refuse Act discharge permits. 10. A survey of waste constituents and water quality conditions in receiving waters is needed for a number of industrial sources to form the basis for establishing discharge permit requirements. ------- 11. A determination needs to be made if the discharges of industrial wastes to the Mississippi River without treatment by way of the Memphis municipal interceptor sewer system constitute violations of the Refuse Act of 1899. ------- CHAPTER III. DESCRIPTION OF AREA The Memphis metropolitan area is located on the Mississippi River in southwestern Tennessee. Almost all of this population and industrial . center is located in Shelby County, Tennessee, with a minor suburban area extending southward into Dcsoto County Mississippi. The West Memphis por- tion of Crittenden County, Arkansas, across the Mississippi River is also part of the metropolitan area. The Memphis vicinity is shown in Figure III-l. The City of Memphis has a present population of about 500,000. The metropolitan area population totals about 700,000. Surburban and nearby communities include West Memphis, Arkansas and Woodstock, Millington, Ellendalc, Arlington and Collierville, Tennessee. Memphis -is an industrial-center- supporting a/number-of-diversified •• industries. Important products manufactured by area industries include vegetable oils, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, farm machinery, automobile tires, animal feeds and breakfast foods. Memphis is one of the world's largest cotton markets and a major inland port. It is also a major distribution point for hardwood lumber. McFiphis is situated on one of the highest land areas adjacent to the Mississippi Rivci: in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Bluffs in the city extend more than 200 feet in elevation above the river. In contrast, the river valley north, south and west of the city is flat and low-lying. This.valley .contains large areas of rich farmland which supports intensive agricultural activity. Soybeans, cotton and other farm products from the valley arc the basis for much of the commerce and industry present in the Memphis area. ------- Figure III-l. Vicinity Map (to be inserted) ------- As shown in Figure III-l, three tributaries of the Mississippi River, the Loosahatchie and Wolf Rivers and Nonconnah Creek flov; through the metro- politan area. In contrast to the hilly urbanized areas of the city, the stream valleys are low-lying and subject to flooding by backwater from the Mississippi River during high flow stages on the Mississippi. A levee system has been constructed along the tributaries and the Mississippi River to protect low areas subject to this flooding. An extensive interior storm drainage system has been constructed with large pumping stations to lift drain flow into the streams during flood stages. Many of the area industries are located along the streams in areas protected by the levee system. The Wolf River and Nonconnah Creek arc interstate streams with head- watero in Mississippi. With a drainage area of about 770 square miles, the Wolf .River is the largest tributary. Flow in the river is low e.nough, however, that flow stagnation occurs in the lower reach of the river durinp, high stages on the Mississippi River. Cypress Creek, Leath Bayou and •Workhouse Bayou are snail tributaries draining urban and industrial areas. The Loosahatchie River also has 'a drainage area of several hundred square miles. Flov/ conditions in this stream are affected to a lesser extent by Mississippi River backwaters. Big Creek, with a drainage area of about 137 square miles, is the main tributary of the Loosahatchie. Nonconnah Creek is a snail stream with low flow. In its lower reach, much of the flov; consists of industrial wastes, sanitary sever overflows and'urban runoff. Cane Creek is a small tributary draining an industrial area. Nonconnah Creek discharges to McKcllar Lake, a slack water arm of the Mississippi River. The lake is located in an old channel of thn river rmd ------- is connected to the river by Tennessee Chute. Backwater conditions produced by high stages on the Mississippi Fviver frequently produce flow stagnation in the lake. The Memphis Harbor area and several industrial parks are located adjacent to the lake. A large channel has been dredged in the lake., Riverside Park provides access for water based recreation. At Memphis, the Mississippi River is a very large stream with an average flow of about 458,000 cubic feet per second (cfs). Flow extremes range from 79,200 cfs to more than one million cfs. The low flow of record occurred prior to the construction of the various large upstream reservoirs which now provide flow regulation. Such a low flew is not expected to occur again in the future. High flows usually occur in the winter and spring months with lowest flows in the late summer. ------- 8 IV. APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS The Mississippi River is an interstate and navigable stream. McKellar Lake, the Wolf River, and Nonconnah Crep.k are interstate waters tributary to the Mississippi River and, therefore, tributaries of a navigable stream. Pollution of interstate streams is subject to abatement under provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 466 et. seq.) Water quality standards applicable to the Mississippi River and interstate tributaries in the Memphis metropolitan area have been established by the states of Arkansas, Mississippi nnd Tennessee and approved as Federal stan- dards pursuant to the provisions of the Water Quality Act of 1965. The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 is applicable to discharges of industrial wastes to navigable waters. All three States require waste sources to . ob.tain .permits, to -discharge to. surface streams. T,hesq water quality, regula- tions are discussed below. A« ELtFJ?ACEJJML CONFERENCE REQUIREMENTS Section 10(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (hereafter referred to as the Act), provides that "the pollution of interstate or navigable waters in or adjacent to any State or States ... which endangers the health or welfare of any persons, shall be subject to abatement as provided in this Act". One step in securing such abatement is the calling of a Federal- State Enforcement Conference. Section 10(d) of the Act provides the following basis for calling such a conference: "the Secretary* shall also call such a conference whenever, on * Prior to May, 1966, the Act was administered by the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. The Secretary of the Interior then administered the Act until December, 1970, when this function was transferred to the Administrator of EPA. ------- the basis of reports, surveys or studies, he has reason to believe that any pollution referred to in subsection (a) and endangering the health or welfare of persons in a State other than that in which the discharge or discharges originate is occurring;....". In the Fall and Winter of 1963-64, a major fish kill occurred in the Lower Mississippi River. A prime factor contributing to this fish kill was interstate pollution resulting from the discharge of pesticide residues by a Memphis, Tennessee, industry. A Federal-State Enforcement Conference was held in New Orleans, Louisiana, on May 5-6, 1965, under the above provisions of the Act to consider this pollution. Conferees were the Arkansas Water Pollution Control Commission, the Louisiana Stream Control Commission, the Louisiana State Board of Health, the Mississippi State Board of Health, the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The Conferees'recommended, among other things; that (1) "known sources 'of Endrin discharges from industry, land drainage, and mud deposits be brought under control immediately",-and (2) "Other sources of Endrin' pollution be identified and brought under control as soon as possible". These recommendations were subsequently complied with. Details of this enforcement proceeding and subsequent activities are discussed in Chapter V. The conferees agreed that tiic Conference could be reconvened at the call of the Chairman if a technical committee composed of the conferees or their designees so recommended. Section 10(d)(l) also provides several ways in which an enforce- ment conference could be called to consider pollution of interstate ------- 10 streams in the Memphis metropolitan area. If pollution originating in one State endangers the health or welfare of persons in another State or States, the Administrator may call a conference "whenever requested by the Governor of any State or a State water pollution control agency,' or (with the concurrence of the Governor and of the State water pollution control agency for the State in which the municipality is situated) the governing body of any municipality". When pollution is confined to one State, the Administrator may call a conference only at the request of the Governor of that State. Other means of securing abatement of pollution under the pro- visions of Section 10 of the Act when violations of water quality standards occur are discussed in the following section. B. .WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Section 10 (c) of the Act, as amended by the Water Quality Act of 1965, provides that the States be given the opportunity to establish by June 30, 1967, water quality standards applicable to all interstate and coastal waters. These standards were to consist of water quality criteria applicable to each interstate stream or portion thereof and . a plan for implenentation and enforcement of the criteria. Arkansas, Mississippi and Tennessee established such standards and submitted them for Federal approval as required. Details of each State's stan- dards are discussed below. Water quality standards applicable to all interstate streams in Arkansas including the Mississippi River were established by the ------- 11 Arkansas Pollution Control Commission in June, 1967, and were sub- sequently fully approved as Federal standards on August 7, 1967. Arkansas established one set of water quality criteria applicable to all interstate waters . These criteria are summarized in Appendix A. The Arkansas criteria were designed to protect all waters for all beneficial water uses. No specific designations of beneficial water uses by stream reach were made although existing uses were summarized. In general, the Arkansas water quality criteria applicable to the Mississippi River are equal to or less restrictive than the Tennessee or Mississippi criteria assigned to the same waters. An important exception occurs in the reach between Loosahatchie Bar and .the Tennessee-Mississippi state line. Tennessee established no bacteriological criterion for this reach. The Arkansas criterion 'is thus limiting. The Arkansas implementation plan specified pollution'abatement needs for only one waste source in the Memphis metropolitan area. The City of West Memphis, then providing no treatment for its municipal' waste discharges to the. Mississippi River, was scheduled to complete secondary treatment facilities to serve its sewered population of 25,000 by September, 1969. West Memphis completed primary treatment facilities this year. The City is thus in violation of the implemen- tation plan and the Arkansas Pollution Control Commission requirement that all waste sources provide secondary treatment or its equivalent. ------- 12 Tennessee Water quality standards applicable to interstate waters of Tennessee were submitted by the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control (19) Board for Federal approval on June 28, 1967 . The standards were not acceptable as submitted and revisions were subsequently made by the State. The standards received Federal approval, with some excep- tions, on February 28, 1968. The revised standards and exceptions to approval are summarized in Appendix B. Negotiations with the State to remove these exceptions are continuing. In the Memphis area, water quality standards were established for McKellar Lake, Nonconnah Creek and the Wolf River in addition to the Mississippi River. Standards were not established for the only other sizeable stream in the area, 'the Loosahatchie River, since it is an intrastate stream. The State is currently conducting hearings to ••'establish'-standards -for this-.stream.- Tennessee specified water uses to be protected in each stream reach and established different-water quality criteria-for each use. Where .more than one water use is specified, the most restrictive liir.it on each water quality parameter applies. Designated water uses to be protected and stream reach boundaries are summarized in Table IV-1. The two reaches defined for each stream apparently differentiate between the relatively unpolluted upstream areas and the downstream readies affected by waate discharges i;i the Memphis metropolitan area. For the Mississippi and Wolf Rivers and Nonconnah Creek in the area affected by Memphis pollution, the fish and aquatic life criteria are the most restrictive. In McKellar Lake, the recreational criteria ------- TABLE IV-1 DESIGNATED WATER USES 13 Stream Water Uses Mississippi River Mississippi River Wolf River Wolf River Nonconnah Creek •Nonconnah Creek. McKcllar Lake Mississippi River Mississippi-Tennessee State Line to upstream end of Loosahatchie Bar Upstream end of Loosahntchic Bar to Kentucky-Tennessee State Line Mouth to L & N Railroad Bridge L & N Railroad Bridge to Mississippi-Tennessee State Line Mouth to bridge on Winchester Tlo'ad' Winchester Road to Mead- waters in Fayettc County Mississippi Kiver Arkansas Missouri-Arkansas State Line to Louisiana-Arkansas State Line Mississippi-Tennessee State Line to Mississippi-Louisiana State Line Industrial, fish & aquatic life, irri- gation, livestock watering & wildlife, navigation Domestic raw water supply, industrial, fish & aquatic life, irrigation, recreation, livestock watering & wildlife, navigation Fish & aquatic life Domestic raw water supply, industrial, fish & aquatic life, recreation, irrigation, livestock watering & wildlife Fish 6 aquatic life, ' .livest'ock: watering' & wildlife •.Fish &. aquatic life, recreation, livestock watering & wildlife Industrial, fish & aquatic life, recrea- tion, -navigation Partial body contact recreation, fish & aquatic life, assimila- tion of treated wastes, navigation Fish & wildlife ------- 14 add a bacteriological criterion to the more restrictive fish and wild- life criteria. Criteria of interest are those for dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, taste or odor, toxic substances and microbiological coliform. The dissolved oxygen criterion specifies a minimum concentration of 5.0 milligrams per liter (nig/1) except in limited stream sections receiving treated effluents where a minimum of 3.0 mg/1 is allowed. The interpretation of this criterion is controversial and open to question. It is interesting to contemplate the possibility that untreated waste discharges may be required to meet the 5.0 mg/1 limit. Tennessee requires secondary treatment or the equivalent as the minimum level of waste treatment for all discharges to interstate waters. Secondary treatment is defined as 75 to 90 percent removal of the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and from 80 to 90 percent sus- pended solids removal. A number of industries and the City of Memphis were required to provide new or improved treatment facilities by the Tennessee implemen- tation plan. The date for completion of these facilities, most signi- ficantly the City of Memphis treatment plants, has been the subject of controversy between the EM and Tennessee. Some adjustments of original compliance dates have been made. Some waste sources are in violation of the Federally approved implementation plan. The status of compliance for Tennessee waste sources is discussed in Chapter VI, Sources of Pollution. ------- 15 Mississippi Water quality standards for the Mississippi River and other inter- state waters in Mississippi were submitted on June 22, 1967, for Federal approval. The initial standards were not acceptable. Revisions to the standards were subsequently adopted by the Air and Water Pollu- tion Control Commission. The standards received Federal approval, with a number of exceptions, on May 6, 1968. The detailed standards and exceptions to approval are summarized in Appendix C. Negotiations are continuing with Mississippi to resolve the exceptions. The structure of the Mississippi standards is similar to the Tennessee standards. Water uses were designated for each stream reach and specific water quality criteria established for each water use. As shown intTable.iy-l, Mississippi designated fish and wildlifc as the only water use for the Mississippi River. The specific criteria for 'fish and wildlife uses are comparable to the Tennessee criteria with the exception of the 4.0 mg/1 minimum limit for dissolved oxygen concentrations. This limit is not Federally approved. Mississippi requires secondary treatment or its equivalent for all discharges of municipal wastes, industrial wastes, or other wastes. No waste sources in the Memphis vicinity were listed in the Mississippi implementation plan. Abatement of Standards Violations Sections 10(c) and (g) of the Act provide means for abating pollu- tion which is causing violations of the Federal-State water quality standards discussed above. Section 10(c)(5) provides that a notice shall be issued to violators of the standards at least 180 days before ------- 16 an abatement action is initiated in the courts. If reasonable action is not taken by the violators within the 180-day period to secure abatement of pollution, a direct court action can be requested under provisions of Section 10(g). In cases where the discharge or dis- charges causing the violations are located in a different State than the location of the violations, the Administrator of EPA can request the Attorney General to bring suit on behalf of the United States to secure abatement of pollution. In cases where the discharges and • violations are located in the same State, the written consent of the Governor of that State is required before court action can be requested, With regard to violations of Mississippi or Arkansas standards for the Mississippi River by pollution from the waste sources in Memphis, Tennessee, direct court action could be .requested by the Administrator. For violations of standards for the Mississippi River in Tennessee and for the'Uol'f'River ,'McKellar Lake and Nonconnah Creek by pollution from Memphis sources, the consent of the Governor of Tennessee 'would be required'prior to initiating court action. C. WASTE DISCHARGE PERMIT. PROGRAMS Refuse Act Permit Program (RAPP) The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 prohibits the discharge of industrial wastes to navigable waters without a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Section 13 of the Act, referred to as the Refuse Act of 1899, makes it unlawful to discharge from any "...manu- facturing establishment, or mill of any kind, any refuse matter of any kind or description whatever other than that flowing from streets and sewers and passing therefron in a liquid state, into any navigable ------- 17 water of the United States, or into any tributary of any navigable water from which the same shall float or be washed into such navigable water..." provided that a discharge may be permitted under certain conditions specified by the Corps of Engineers. Executive Order No. 11574, signed by President Nixon on December 23, 1970, tightened enforcement of the Refuse Act of 1899 by requir- ing that all sources of industrial wastes discharging to navigable waters on their tributaries must apply to the Corps of Engineers by July 1, 1971, for permits to continue such discharges. To meet the requirements of the Executive Order, the Corps of Engineers and the EPA have cooperatively undertaken a major program to process permit applications, develop permit requirements and issue permits. The respective responsibilities of the Corps of.Engineers, and the EPA are spelled out in a memorandum of agreement between the Administrator of the EPA and the Secretary of the Army which was signed on January 12, 1971(3). In general, the permit processing is conducted as follows. Applications are submitted by industries to the District Office of the Corps of Engineers. For the Memphis area, this office is the U.S. Army Engineer District, Memphis, Tennessee. A copy of the application is forwarded to the proper EPA regional office for review. Applications from Mississippi and Tennessee are reviewed by the Region IV office, Atlanta, Georgia. Arkansas applications are reviewed by the Region VI office, Dallas, Texas. The applications are also reviewed by the State pollution control agency for certification as discussed in the following section. ------- 18 Following their review, the EPA regional office advises the District Engineer on water quality aspects of the discharge and ap- plicable water quality standards. EPA may also specify some permit requirements including effluent requirements where appropriate. The District Engineer issues the discharge permit when all re- view actions have been completed. In cases where the discharge may be of major public interest, a public hearing may be held prior to issue of the permit. Detailed application forms have been developed cooperatively by the Corps of Engineers and the EPA. These forms are reproduced in Appendix D. The form is divided into two parts, A and B. Part A contains basic information on the type of industry, main processes and products, water use and discharge locations. A qualitative summary of waste constituents and a very limited amount of quantitative waste data for c'ertain" critical industries "are also included. Part A was required to be submitted by July 1," 1971. 'Part B of the application contains detailed quantitative' waste constituent data. This form was required to be submitted by certain critical industry types by October 1, 1971. Not all known industrial waste discharges in the Memphis area met the July 1 deadline for submission of Part A. As of September 15, the number of applications being processed by the Atlanta EPA office had reached 31. The number being processed by the Memphis District Engineer was not known. Several delinquent applications were known to have been submitted to the District Engineer as the result of a delinquent notice mailed by the Corps of Engineers. The status of Part B submissions is ------- 19 not known at this time. Processing of the permit applications will continue for up to one year. Specific permit requirements may thus not be available for some time. State Certifications Section 21(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, provides that "Any applicant for a Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation of facil- ities , which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters of the United States, shall provide the licensing or permitting agency a certification from the State in which the discharge originates or will originate, or, ^..appropriate,, from the interstate.water pp.llution control agency having jurisdiction over the navigable waters at the point where the discharge originates or will' originate, that there is reasonable assurance, as determined by the State or interstate agency that such activity will be conducted in a manner which will not violate applicable water quality standards." All industrial waste sources applying for discharge permits under the provisions of the Refuse Act are required to obtain a State certi- fication as discussed above. In addition, other activities such as construction of structures in navigable waters, since such activity requires a. Federal permit, must also obtain a State certification. Discharges to navigable waters existing prior to April 3, 1970, are allowed until April 3, 1973 to receive certification. ------- 20 Oil Pollution Regulations. Federal rules regulating the discharge of oil to navigable waters were established on September 11, 1970, pursuant to the provisions of Section 11 (b) (3) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970. These rules prohibit discharges of oil to navigable waters from any source which: "(a) Violate applicable water quality standards, or (b) Cause a film or sheen upon or discoloration of the surface of the water or adjoining shorelines or causes sludge or emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining shorelines". Waste discharges in the Memphis area must comply with these regulations. >tate I)isc.re Periaits, All three States 'in the 'Memphis' area have some form of discharge permit requirement. Both Arkansas and Mississippi water pollution control laws contain provisions which require any source of industrial or municipal waste 'to secure a permit from the State pollution control agency to discharge such wastes into surface waters. Construction plans and specifications for proposed treatment facilities arc reviewed and the adequacy of treatment evaluated. A discharge permit is issued to adequate treatment facilities. The Tennessee stream pollution control law contains provisions which authorize the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board to issue discharge permits. The Board has established general regulations which ------- 21 specify the conditions under which a permit may be issued. These regulations are presented in Appendix E. All discharges of sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes are required to obtain a permit. The discharge permits stipulate the conditions which must be main- tained in the discharge effluents by means of limiting concentrations on specific waste constituents and other restrictions. In effect, the discharge permits set effluent requirements. The Tennessee regulations also provide that a "Tolerance Permit" may be issued in cases where pollution cannot be immediately abated and the discharge is not immediately dangerous to health. Abatement of pollution must be achieved within a reasonable time period. Several of the industrial waste sources in the Memphis area have received discharge .permits. .A number of sources are discharging under tolerance permits with inadequate or no treatment. A common justi- fication for such permits is that the waste source plans to connect to the Memphis sewerage system when a planned interceptor sewer is completed in the vicinity. ------- 22 CHAPTER V. HISTORY OF ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS A. FEDERAL-STATE ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE During the winter of 1963-64, a massive fish kill occurred in the Lower Mississippi River. Investigations of the kill revealed that the pesticide Endrin was the causative agent. The Velsicpl Chemical Corporation, in Memphis, Tennessee, one of two Endrin manufacturers in the United States, was found to be a major source of Endrin pollu- tion in the river. As a result of this interstate pollution a Conference in the Matter of Pollution of the Interstate Waters of the Lower Mississippi River (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee) was held on Hay 5 and 6, 1964 in New Orleans, Louisiana. A summary of the conference is presented in Appendix F. "'.Following :the conference',several' -significant -.actions- were taken. which, together, resulted in the elimination of further Endrin caused fish kills in the lower Mississippi River. The Velsicol Chemical Corporation instituted waste treatment and disposal practices which substantially reduced the discharge of Endrin from this source. Other sources of Endrin were identified and reductions effected. The general use of Endrin on agricultural lands also declined. In response to a request for technical assistance from the State of Louisiana and recommendations of the conference, the Lower Mississippi Technical Assistance Project was initiated with headquarters in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The Project was staffed by-predecessor agencies of EPA. The Project conducted intensive studies of the occurrence and sources of pesticides in the Lower Mississippi River and major tribu- taries from Hickman, Kentucky, to the gulf of Mexico, a distance of ------- 23 about 900 miles. These studies were conducted from October, 1964, to September, 1967. Monitoring of the Velsicol Chemical Corporation waste discharges continued through December, 1968. The results of the Project's studies were published in June, 1969 . Significant findings applicable to the Memphis area are as follows: 1. Although the Velsicol Chemical Corporation has made significant progress in reducing Endrin losses from its Memphis plant, the potential still exists for releases that could result in concen- trations toxic to aquatic life in the Lower Mississippi River. 2. Endrin contamination of the Memphis, Tennessee, area tributaries including the Wolf, Hatchic and Loosahatchic Rivers and Nonconnah Creek, is greater ..than, the contamination in other., .waterways, of the. Lower Mississippi River Basin. Ac late as early 1967, Endrin con- centrations in the Wolf River especially were dangerous to fish populations and other aquatic life. 3. The Hardenan County, Tennessee, farm utilized by the Velsicol Chemical Corporation'as a dump for solid waste materials is a potential source of groundwater contamination. With respect to Endrin pollution, the recommendations of the conference have been complied with and no additional formal action has been taken. The conference did raise the possibility that discharges pf sewage and Indus trial-wastes reaching the Mississippi River may have been causing pollution of an interstate nature which required further study. The conference could be reconvened at the call of the ------- 24 Chairman, if the technical committee so recommended. No formal action to reconvene the conference to consider other types of pollution has been taken. B. MERCURY POLLUTION INVESTIGATIONS As the result of the discovery of mercury contaminated fish in various waters across the country which were receiving industrial waste discharges containing mercury, a nationwide survey of potential sources of mercury pollution was undertaken during the second half of 1970. Five such sources in the Memphis area were surveyed. The Buckeye Cellulose Corporation plant at 28SO Jackson Avenue, Memphis, was surveyed and two sets of effluent samples obtained. Grab samples were taken on July 22, 1970 and a 24-hour composite sample was taken on August 13, 1970, llercury jLn.tlie plant effluent was below detectable limits, iso mercury is used in plant procnsses. Buckman'Laboratories, manufacturers of industrial chemicals, utilize some mercury'in their operations. Grab samples of the plant effluent collected on July 21, 1970 and a 24-hour composite sample ob'tained on August 11, 1970 indicated that the mercury discharge from this facility was only about 0.01 pound per day. The K. T. du?ont de Ncnours plant in Memphis was sampled on July 21 and August 5, 1970. Mercury concentrations in the plant effluent were less than detection li.rn.ts. Chapman Chemical Company formulates sor.ie chemical compounds utilizing mercury bearing compounds. Production is by batch process. Sampling of the plant effluent on July 22 and August 14, 1970, ------- 25 indicated that the mercury discharge from this source is less than 0.01 pounds per day. Velsicol Chemical Company effluent was sampled on July 22 and August 7, 1970. Mercury levels in the effluent were below detection limits. The company produces chlorine utilizing Hooker cells and does not use mercury in any of its manufacturing processes. As a result of the above surveys, it "as concluded that no signi- ficant sources of mercury pollution existed in the Memphis area. C. REFUSE ACT ACTIONS On August 17, 1970, the United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee requested the District Engineer, U. S. Army Engineers District, Memphis, Tennessee, to undertake an investigation of., pollution.- o.f- Nonconnah, Cr.eek and ..McKellar .Lake by American .Finishing. Company . This request was prompted by numerous complaints to the U. S. Attorney from private individuals. On October 23, 1970, staff from the Memphis Corps of Engineers Office visited the American Finishing Company plant site and obtained visible evidence of pollution of Nonconnah Creek. Samples of the plant effluent were obtained that some date by the Memphis and Shelby County Health Department. Analysis of the samples indicated that the effluent had a high temperature (106°F) and had high pH, excessively high COD, (12) high BOD and suspended solids . The chemical and physical charac- teristics were grossly in.violation of.acceptable limits for .waste dis- charges to Nonconnah Creek as established by the Tennessee Department of Public Health. ------- 26 The U. S. District Court of the Western District of Tennessee, Western Division, Memphis, issued an order on September 2, 1971 to the Whittakcr Corporation Textile Service Center (formerly American Finishing Company) citing four counts of pollution and requesting an initial court hearing on September 24, 1971 (II. S. v. American Finish- ing Company, CR-71-179, 33.USC § 407). The results of that hearing arc not known at this time. In response to a request from the Region IV Enforcement Office, sampling of effluents from two industries in Memphis was conducted in September, 1971, by DFIC staff. This sampling was to establish that these industries were discharging wastes to tributaries of navigable waters. Neither industry had filed an application for a Refuse Act discharge permit. On Scptcuber 8, 1971, waste effluents at the Chapman Chenical Company, 216 lirooks Road, were' sampled by••DFIC and a'waste discharge confirmed. No notice of delinquency in filing a permit'application had been received from the Corps of Engineers. The Company subse- quently filed a permit application with the Corps oi: Engineers on September 15, 1971. Between 1 larch am! Aujust, 1971, the Chapman Chenical Company effluents were sampled on a nu-iibcr of occasions. On at least seven different days, one or more parameters in the waste effluent were found to be in violation of applicable effluent requirements. On September 9, 1971, DFIC staff sampled waste effluents at the Whit taker Corporation Textile Service Center and confirmed the exis- tence of waste discharges to Nonconnah Creek. On August 4, 1971, the ------- 27 Corps of Engineers had notified the Corporation that they were delin- quent in filing a permit application. The Corpration then notified the Corps of Engineers of their intent to connect their waste discharge to the Cane Creek Interceptor Sewer (completed in September, 1971). The connection was to be completed by December, 1971. The Corporation contended that since they were connecting to a municipal sewer, they did not need to apply for a discharge permit. Arrangements were com- pleted by the Corporation about September 9 for the connecting sewer- construction and for the waste acceptance contract with Memphis. ------- 28 CHAPTER VI. SOURCES OF POLLUTION The principal sources of pollution in the Memphis area are untreated and Inadequately treated municipal and industrial waste discharges. Agri- cultural runoff from adjacent rural areas and typical urban runoff also contribute pollution. Pollution control measures in the Memphis metropolitan area have lagged significantly behind national progress in cities of similar size. The large assimilative capacity of the Mississippi River reduced the apparent need for major treatment facilities. Tributary streams were grossly polluted, however, and initial pollution control measures have been directed toward reducing or eliminating such pollution. A distinct pattern of waste, sources and waste disposal practices can -.be .fiisc.erned. ..Within the area ..served -by. .the.Memphis • sewer system, -'essentially all sources of sanitary sewage have been connected to collection or inter- ceptor sewers. Wastes so collected arc discharged to the Mississippi River without treatment. A majority of the industries located within the sewp.rcd area also discharge their industrial wastes to the city sewer system. Some industries provide pretreatir.ent prior to such discharge. A number of indus- tries located in close proximity to tributary strear.s discharge treated and/or untreated industrial wastes directly to the tributaries. Outside of the sewered area, most sources of sanitary sewage provide secondary treatment. Industrial waste sources also generally provide some treatment although it may .riot be adequate. .. Specific sources.of pollution and treatment facilties are discussed below. ------- 29 A. MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCES Almost all of the municipal wastes in the Memphis area arc col- lected by the city sewer system. This system is presently being sub- stantially improved by the construction of a number of large interceptor sewers. These interceptors primarily parallel existing sewers and are designed to relieve overloads of the existing system, allow connection of additional industrial waste sources and extension of the system to presently unsewered areas. The improvements are based on a regional sewerage plan completed in 1969 At present, about 90 million gallons per day (mgd) of untreated municipal and industrial wastes are discharged from the Memphis sewer system to the Mississippi River through six outfalls. These outfalls are listed in Table VI-1 and shown in Figure VI-1. The population served by each outfall is unknown; however, the sewered population is estimated 'to total about'- 050',"000/ Two-major waste treatment facilities arc planned by the City of -Memphis to provide secondary treatment for all municipal and industrial wastes in the metropolitan area. The South Plant is under construction near the outlet of the Noncounah Creel; Interceptor. This plant, which has a design capacity of 85 mgd, will serve the Nonconnah Creek, Pack- inghouse, and President's Island Interceptors, and the Horn Lake Creek area presently served by an interim treatment facility. Completion is scheduled for July, 1974. The North Plant is scheduled to be placed under construction about January, 1973, and to be completed by December 1976. The plant, ------- Figure VI-1. Sources of Pollution (to be ins erted) ------- 30 TABLE VI-1. MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCES No. Source Population Flow Receiving Served MGD Treatment Water 1. City of West Memphis ARKANSAS 25,000 MISSISSIPPI 1.87 Primary 2. Horn Lake Creek Sanitary District* 3. Horn Lake Creek Sanitary District* 4. Horn Lake Creek Sanitary District* 5. City of Arlington None None None TENNESSEE 370 0.37 Lagoons 6. City of Collierville 2,400 0.24 Lagoon 7. -Ellendale- 610' Utility District No. 1 8. Kllendalc 500 Utility District No. 2 9. Ellendnle 500 Utility District No. 3 10. City of Memphis Front Street Interceptor** 11. City of Muinpitis Loosahacchie River Interceptor** 12. City of Memphis Nonconnah Creek Interceptor* Lagoon Lagoon Lagoon 22.50 None 2.40 N 17.10 None Mississippi River Rocky Creek to Horn Lake Creek Horn Lake Creek Horn Lake Loosahatchie River Ditch to Wolf River Fletcher" Creek Fletcher Creek Fletcher Creek Mississippi River Mississippi •River Mississippi River ------- TABLE VI-1. (cont'd) MUNICIPAL WASTE SOURCES 31 No. Source Population Flow Served MOD Receiving Treatment Water TENNESSEE (con'd) 13. City of Memphis Packing House Interceptor* 14. City of Memphis President's Island Interceptor* 15. City of Memphis Wolf River Interceptor** 16. City of Memphis 1,000 Horn Lake Creek Plant* 17." City of Millington ' 7,:>uu 18. Millington Naval Base 19. 20. Shelby County Clover- 1,200 haven Utility District No. 2 Shelby County Lakeland Develop- ment No. 3 1,000 3.10 None 0.54 None 44.40 None Lagoon Mississippi River Mississippi River Mississippi River Horn Lake Cutoff 1.33 Secondary Big'Creek (trickling •filters) 1.42 Secondary Big Creek (trickling filters.) Lagoon Big Creek Lagoon Loosahatchie River * To be served by the Memphis South Plant ** To be served by the Memphis North Plant ------- 32 which has a design capacity of 135 mgd will serve the Front Street, Wolf River and Loosahatchie Interceptors. The Loosahatchie Interceptor may be extended after 1972 to serve the Woodstock, Millington and Arlington areas presently served by local treatment facilities. The implementation plan submitted with the initial Tennessee water quality standards called for completion of primary treatment facilities by the end of 1972 to serve all of the Memphis discharges. The pri- mary treatment requirement was in conflict with the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board requirement that all waste sources provide secondary treatment. The Memphis implementation schedule was not Federally approved. The validity of the scheduled July 1974 and December 1976 completion dates as standards compliance dates is thus j»dt.. clear. There arc several other minor municipal waste sources in the Memphis vicinity. These sources are listed in Table VI-1. The City of West Memphis primary treatment facility is the only significant municipal waste source not scheduled to be served by the Memphis regional sewerage system. The Arkansas implementation plan called for completion of secondary treatment facilities for West Memphis in 1969. The primary plant was completed in 1971. This waste source is in violation of the implementation plan. A number of small, non-municipal sewage treatment facilities arc scattered around the .Memphis vicinity. These, facilities, which arc listed in Table VI-2, provide treatment for sanitary wastes from schools, industries, subdivisions and other facilities located outside ------- 33 No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. TABLE VI-2 NON-MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES Type Facility Treatment LOOSAHATCHIE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIH Receiving Stream Barrett's Chapel School Bolton School Chromium Mining & Smelting Corporation Dupont Chemical Company Grace Chemical Company E. E. Jeter School Lucy School 'Pleasant View Trailer Park Shadowlawn School- % • • " Taylor Forge .Tennessee Department of Mental Health Oxidation Lagoon Oxidation Lagoon Imhoff Tank Loosahatchie River Imhoff Tank Loosahatchie River Imhoff Tank Loosahatchie River Extended Aeration Extended Aeration Oxidation Lagoon Oxidation,Lagoon Oxidation Lagoon Oxidation Lagoon WOLF RIVER DRAINAGE BASIH Adams Brothers Co., Eads Baptist Children's Home Holly Kills Country Club Oxidation Lagoon Oxidation Lagoon Oxidation Lagoon Houston Levee Country Club Oxidation Lagoon L & N Industrial Park Mount Pisgah School Parsons Manufacturing & Stamping Company Oxidation Lagoon Oxidation Lagoon Extended Aeration ------- 34 TABLE VI-2 (cont'd) NON-MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES Type Receiving No. Facility Treatment Stream WOLF RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN (cont'd) 19. Tranqualair Hospital Oxidation Lagoon 20. Walnut Grove Lake Oxidation Lagoon Subdivision 21. Walnut Grove Subdivision Oxidation Lagoon NONCONNAH £REEK DRAINAGE BASIN 22. Bella Vista Country Club Oxidation Lagoon 23. Pace Corporation Oxidation Lagoon 24,.. ...Ten.ness.ee ...Yard, Capleyille-. Trickling Filter 25. White's Chapel School Extended Aeration 26. Windyke Country Club Oxidation Lagoon ------- 35 sewered areas. With the exception of the three industries in the Loosahatchic River drainage, all sources provide secondary treatment. B. INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCES There are a large number of industrial establishments in the Memphis area, as would be expected for a city of this size. A 1969 (8 ) industrial directory listed over 600 individual industrial facilities A majority of these industries would be expected to generate no signi- ficant quantities of industrial wastes. It is probable that most such industries and a number of industries with significant industrial waste discharges are connected to the Memphis sewer system. The exact number of industrial sources discharging to surface streams other than through the Memphis sewer system is unknown. An .inventory, of possible .industrial,- waste, .discharges.^prepared;by. the... (21) Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Field Station of liPA listed 185 industries A 1970 Memphis and Shelby County Health Department report listed 70 known industrial waste discharges . Industrial waste source surveys have been conducted during the past year at 45 industries with known ( ??) discharges by the Memphis and Shelby County Health Department . Refuse Act permit applications had been received from 31 industries in the Memphis area as of September 15, 1971. From this information, it can be concluded that there are probably in the range of 100 dis- charges of industrial wastes directly to surface streams. Industri.il .wastes also make up a substantial portion.of the wastes.discharged by the Memphis sewer system. From the above information, Table VI-3 was prepared to summarize ------- TABLE VI-3 INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISCHARGE SUMMARY Discharge to Sewerace System Industry Nane Ho. r.r.d Address . Type Indus try (SIC) Volume Type (MGD) Waste Treatment Sewerage Svs tern Surface Discharge Receiving Volume Stream (MOD) Type Was tc Treatment Remarks LOOSAHATCHIE RIVER DRAINAGE 1. Cardox "'vision Chemetxon Corporation 5800 Old Millinp,ton Rd. 2. Chromium Mining & Smelting Co™.par.y 3323 Flee Road 3. E. I. duPont de Nemours & Company Highway 51 N. ' Woodstock, Tennessee 4. V. R. Grace & Company Agricultural Chcnicals Group Woodstock, Tennessee 5. tlllok Chemicals, Inc. 5030 Old Xillinston Rd. Manufacture Carbon Dioxide (2813) Fcrro Alloy Smelter (3313) Manufacture of General Industrial Organic & Inorganic Chemicals (2818-2C19) Production of Ammonia & Urea (2871) Manufacture of Cyanurlc Chloride (231U) Sanitary Primary (W. R. Grace) 0.01 Sanitary • Imhotf Tan!(- ~ ' Sanitary Irahoff Tank Sanitary Inhoff Tank- 0.003 Sanitary Primary and Lagoon W. R. 'Grace Company Cvned Company 'Cvned Company 'Owned Company Owned Uitch to Loosahatchie River Ditch to 0.47 Loosahatchie River Loosahatchle 10. 5 River Drain Ditch 1.46 to Loosahatchie River Loosahatchie 0.02 River No Discharge 0.01 Storm Drainage Cooling Water Process Wastes Cooling Water Process Wastes • Cooling Water Process Wastes Cooling Water Process Wastes „ — Alkali- Chlorine Treatment of cyanide wastes Lagoon — Alkaline Chlorinatlon and Holding Pond Adjacent to W.R. Grace & Co. Plane Sanitary wastes also Discharged to Loosahatchie River. Sanitary wastes also Discharged to Loosahatchie River. State effluent permit requires additional treatment in 1973 and 1974. Sanitary wastes to River. Effluent permit for holding pond, but no discharge scheduled before 1974. Sanitary wastes to river. to ------- TABLE VI-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRIAL "WASTE -DISCHARGE SWMARY Industry "ano I'o. and Address Type . Industry (SIC) Discharge to Sewer.ice System Volume Type Scwcrngc (MCD) Waste • Treatment 'System Receiving Stream Surface Discharge Volume Type (MOD) Waste Treatment Remarks LOgSjuiATCJUE RIVER DRAINAGE (Cont) 6. The Sanymetal Products Corpany, Inc. 11C06 Memphis-Arlington Rd. Arlington, Tennessee . 7. Adams Brothers Co., Inc. Highway 64 Ecds , Tennessee 8. Allen Concrete Co. 1572 Chelsea 9. Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc. 1235 Pope Street Plating Zinc Castings Anodyzing Aluminum (3471) Extrusion of PVC Pipe (3079) Ready Mix Concrete Concrete IJlocks (3271-3273) Production of Food Emulsl- fiers (2096) _- WOLF '.RIVER DRAINAGE -- Sanitary Lagoan Company pwncd 0.001 Sanitary None- Chelsea Avenue "Sewer (Memphis) 0.01 Sanitary — WarEorJ Avenue' Sower (Memphis) Ditch to Loosnhatchic River BASIN __ Allen Lake Drain to Workhouse Bayou 0.02 Process Wastes 0.29 Cooling water 0.03 Truck Wash 0.12 Process Was tes Alkaline Chlorination of cyanide wastes. Evaporation of chromic wastes. Chemical treatment, neutraliza- tion and lagoon. __ Settling In Private Lake on Lake property receives waste water. Oil flotation High COD waste to -o ------- TABtK VI-3 (eont'd) INDUSTRIAL' WASTE DISCHARGE SUMMARY Discharge to. Sewerage So. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Industry Name and Address Borg-Warncr E. L. Bruce • 1648 Thomas Buckeye Cellulose Corp. Hollywood Mill 2782 Chelsea Avenue Buckeye Cellulose Corp. C & S Division 2899 Jsckson Avenue Buckraan Chemical Company 1256 H. McLean Blvd. Commercial Chemical Corp. 1172 Thomas Type Industry Volume (SIC) (MOD) •__ Prefinished Wooil Floor- ing, Furniture Parts (2420-2511) Cottonseed 0.23 and Soybean Oil (2091-2092) Chemical Pulp 10.60 (2021) Industrial 0.86 Chemicals (2318-2819) Arsenic Acid 0.58 Production (2819) Typo Waste Treatment •WOLF RIVER t Sanitary — Sanitary — ' and Process Wastes Sanitary ' -^ and Process Wastes Sanitary ~ and Process Was tes • Sanitary -.- and Boiler Slowdown System Surface Sewerage Receiving Volume .Svstein Stream (MOD) •. DRAINAGE BASIN (Cont) , — Workhouse 0.002 Bayou Memphis Leath 0.60 •Sewer Bayou Memphis Fairfax 1.40 'Sewers Storm Drain . Wolf Cypress Creek 1.51 River Interceptor (Memphis) •Wolf Cypress Creek 0.01 River Interceptor Memphis Leath 0.01 • Sewers Bayou Discharge Type Was tc Treatment Remarks Industrial — Discharge contains oil Waste Cooling ~ Watcr Boiler Slowdown Cooling ~ Water Cooling — Water Water treat- ment Plant V.'astewaters Floor Drainage Boiler — Slowdown Memphis-Shelby Health Department Report indicates possible pesticides discharge to 00 ------- TABL£ vi-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRIAL'.WASTE- DISCHARGE SUMMARY Discharge to' Sewerage System No. IS. 17.' 18. 19. 20. 21.' 22. Industry Name and Address Cordova Sand and Gravel Co. 8348 Ralcigh-LcGrangc Rd. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company Firestone Blvd. m Hu-nko Products, Operation of Kraftco Corn. 1231 Pope Avenue liunko Products, Division of Kraftco 1702 Thonas Street Kimberly-Clark Corp. 400 Mahannali Avenue Lehnan-Rober ts 1093 Wilson The Lchon Company Division of Philip Carey Corp. Type Industry Volume (SIC) (MOD) Washed Sand and Gravel (144) Automobile 0.25 Tires (3011) Soap, vege- table Oils, Fatty Acids ( ~ ) Edible Oil 0.05 Production (2096) Sanitary 0.28 Paper Prod. (2647) Asphalt Mixes — (2951) Asphalt Roof- ir.£ Dry Felt (2952) Type ."• ' Sewerase Waste Treatment Systc-. WOLF RIV ER DRAINAGE None ~» . — • Sanitary ~ Memphis Scuers — ._ • __ Sanitary — * Memphis •Sewer Sanitary — r Memphis •Sewer Sanitary — Memphis .Severs -_ . — — Receiving Stream BASIN (Cont) . _ Leath Bayou Workhouse Bayou Leath Bayou Wolf River Allen Lake Leath Bcyou Surface Discharge Volume Type (MOD) Waste Treatment Remarks — Gravel Sediment wash- ponds water 2.00 Cooling — Plan to connect process Water . wastes to Wolf River Process Interceptor Waste 0.90 Process Primary To connect to Wolf Wastes treatment River Interceptor in Cooling under con- 1972 Water struction 4.14 Cooling* ~ To connect to Memphis Water sewers September 1971. Process Wastes 7.30 Process Screening To connect to Wolf Wastes River Interceptor in Cooling 1972 Water 0.05 Scrubber Overflow 0.30 Cooling — Water Wash Water l .1 vo ------- TABLE VI-3 (eont'd) INDUSTRIAL WASTE'DISCHARGE SUMMARY Dlscharcc to Sewerage Industry Name' No. and Address 23. Lindie 24. Memphis Stone and Gravel Co. East Plant South Sanga Road 25. John Morrel and Company 1400 Warford 26. National Cylinder Gas 1182 Tully 27. Pulvair Corp. 2885 Warford Place 28. The Quaker Oats Company Chemical Plant 3324 Chelsea Avenue 29. Ralston-Purina Type Industry Volume (SIC) (MGD) m*mf • • Washed Sand and Gravel (144) Meat Packing — Rendering (2011) Acetclvne Gas (2813) Pesticide — Formulation (2879) Production of 0.90 Furfural, Furfuryl Alcohol (2818) — Type Waste Treatment WOLF 'RIVER ^™ «•• __ — Sanitary Blood (Process Recovery . 7)' Sanitary Sanitary — (Process •?) Sanitary — Process Was tcs • — — - System Sewerage Svstem DRAINAGE — _ — fcenphis ' Sewers ' Memphis Sewers Memphis .•Sewers Wolf River Inter- ceptor — Surface Receiving Volume Stream (KCD) BASIN (Cont) Cypress 0.001 Wolf River Workhouse 0.10 Bayou ' Leath 0.003 Bayou • __ __ Wolf River 2.10 Cypress Creek 2.00 Discharge Type Waste Treatment Remarks • Industrial — • Was tcs Gravel Settling Wash- Basins vatcr Holding — To connect to Workhouse Pen Spray Bayou Interceptor (Process ?) Cooling -- Water Process Was tes (Lime Slurry) — - .No known surface dis- charge. One four-inch sewer. Cooling — Water ' Cooling — Water Boiler Slowdown £" ------- TABLE VI-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRIAL- WASTE DISCHARGE SUMMARY Discharge Co Sewerage SvsCcn Surface Discharge No. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Industry Naaie and Address . . Southern Boiler and Tank Works 1199 Thonas Street Standard Construction- Company , Inc . 3260 Houston Leves Rd-. Trunbull Asphalt Conpany 710 Corrinc Street Taylor Forge Division.' 5577 Taylor Forge Drive Velsicol Chemical Corp. 1199 War ford Street Type Indus try Volume (SIC) (MOD) Steel Tank Fabrication (3443) Washed Sand — and Gravel (144) Asphalt Products (2951) Pipe Fittings — (3493) Chlorine 6 4.42 Sodium Hydroxide MfR. (2812) Chlorinated Pesticides (2815) Type " Sewerage Receiving Volume Type Waste Treatment System Stream (MOD) Waste Treatment Remarks WOLF RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN (Cont) Sanitary — : Memphis Storm Drain 0.001 Testing Sewers Water Sanitary Septic Private — — Gravel — Tank. Wash water — — ! — — 0.001 Cooling — • Water Boiler Slowdown (Process ?) Sanitary 'Oxidation Private Storm Drain 0.02 Cooling — To connect to sanitary Pond' Water sewer September, 1971. Sanitary — • — Cypress Creek 0.001 — — and Process Wastes ------- TABLB:'VI-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRIAL-WASTE DiSCHARGE SUMMARY No. 35. 36. 37. 33. 39. 40. 41. Industry Kane and Address Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. Sodley & La Chan Streets American Finishing Co. ('.%'!iit taker Corporation) 615 Eodlcy Avenue • Armour & Company 1337 Riverside Drive V. M. Sarr Conpany, Inc. 2336 S. Lauderdall Street Surks-Uallnan Company 712 Crur.p Blvd. Cargill, Inc. Processing 6 Refining Div. Central Soya Dischnrjic to Sewerage Systcn Surface Type Industry Volume Type Sewerage RcceivinR Volume (SIC) (MCU) Waste Treatment System Stream O'CD) ' NOKCOKKAII CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN Acetylene 0.01 Sanitary — Memphis Storm Drain to 0.02 C.is Sewers Nonco'nnah Creek ' (2313) Broad t.'oven — — — - — Drainage Ditch 3.00 Cotton to Nonconnah Fabirc Fin- Creek ishcrs (2201) Meat Packing — Sanitary Clari'ffer Menphis McKellar Lake 1.00 (2011) ft Process & Screen- Outfall Was tcs ing Paint Remover — — — — — 0.002 Wood Preserva- tives (2351) Paints — — — — — 0.002 (2351) Soybean Oil 0.06 Sanitary — ••• Memphis McKellar Lake 4.80 Products Sewers (2092) . 0.01 Discharge Type Waste Treatment Remarks Line Settling Slurry Process Wastes Dye Wastes Cooling — Total flow 1.0 mgd Water WashwatoV — Wastes contain caustics and solvents. Washwater ~ Wastes contain dyes & solvents Cooling Oil traps Process wastes 0.08 mgd Water Process Wastes Cooling — Water Process Wastes • *T ------- TABLE VI-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DISCHARGE SUMMARY No. Industry Name . and Address Type Indus try (SIC) Discharge to Sewerap.e Volume Type (XGD) Waste Treatment Svsten Surface Sewerage Receiving Volune System Stream (MGD) Discharge Tyre Waste Treatment Remarks NONCONUAH CREIiK DRAINAGE BASIN (Cont) 42. 43. 44. AS. 46. 47. 48. Chapman Chemical Company 416 Srooks Road Chicago Brldfie "& Iron Co. 2700 Channel Avenue Construction Aggregates Carrier Road & Nonconnah Creek Coyne Cylinder Company 155 W. Bodley The Davis Company Delta Chemical Corp. 3915 Air Park Street Delta Refining Company Kallory at Riverside Industrial Chemicals (281-2879) Pressure • Vessels (3443) Washed Sand 4 Gravel (144) Acetylene Gas (2813) — Cleaning Chemicals (2841) Petroleum Refining (2911) 0.006 Sanitary (Process?) — Sanitary -r- & Wash water __ __ __ — Sanitary — _ Sanitary ~ & Indus- trial Was tes 0.29 Sanitary — (Process?) Meirphis Drain to 0.40 'Sewer Nonconnah Creek Kcniphis McKellar Lake Sewer Nonconnah — Creek Memphis Nonconnah — . Sewer Creek 0.002 Memphis — — - Sewer Nonconnah Drain Ditch to 0.72 ..Interccp- Nonconnah tor . Creek (Memphis) Cooling — Water (Process?) Cooling — Water Test Water Gravel Settling in Wash Dredge Pit Water Wash Water Cooling — Water Wash Reck Drainage Surface API Separator All process wastes nay Runoff Air Flotation now be connected to Process Nonconnah Interceptor Wastes ------- TA3LE VI-3 (cont'd) IHDUSTRIAi WASTE.DISCHARGE SUMMARY No. Industry Name and Address Type Industry (SIC) Discharge to Sewerage Volume Type (MGD) Waste Treatment Sys tern Sewerage 'Systen Receiving Stream Surface Volume (MCD) Discharge Type Was te Treatment Remarks NONCdJCNAH CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN (Cont) 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. General Electric Company y.eirrahis Lann Plane 1356 Riverside Blvd. Could National Battery 2215 Person Huntler Fan Company Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc. Keaohis Refinery 1351 Williams Street Illinois Central Railroad Johnston Yards 135 E. llth Place Kellosg Company 2168 Frisco Avenue Kroeger Warehouse Lehman-Roberts Co., Inc. 1098 Wilson Street Light Bulbs (3641) Auto Batteries (3691) — Refine Vege- table Oils (2096) Railroad Yards Breakfast Food (2043) Grocery Distributor Asphalt Mixes (2951) 0.01 Sanitary -- — Sanitary Neutrali- & Process zation Wastes 0.05 Sanitary -7 — Sanitary — t . — Sanitary -- Memphis '. Sewer Memphis '"Sewer ~ Metnphls Sewer Memphis • -.Sewer — Memphis • 'Sewer Storm Drain Frisco Branch to Can Creek — Drain to Cane Creek Drain to Nonconnah Creek Frisco Branch to Cane Creek Frisco Branch to Cane Creek Drain to Cane Creek 0.31 0.03 0.05 2.20 0.23 0.50 0.001 0.03 Cooling — Water Cooling ~ Water Cooling Water Cooling ~ Watcr Process Was tes Cooling — Water Wash Water Cooling ~ Water Wash Water ' • Scrubber — • Overflow x- ------- TABLE VI-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRIAL WASTE "DISCHARGE SUMMARY Discharge to Sovcr.tRe System Surface No. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. Industry Name p.ncl Address Lion Oil Coiinany "cir.phis Tenrlnal 1023 Riverside Drive !!arl Metal Company "ei?phis Compress 6 St-orese Cononny • 2350 Florida Street Memphis Lead Conpany 304 Industrial Avenue Mcisphis Plywood Company 337 E. Mallory National Distillers Products Conpany 2459 Channel Avcnua National Manufacturing Co. P.O. 3os 6087 Norton Manufacturing .Co. 133 Industrial Avenue Type Industry Volume (SIC) OICD) Petroleun Fuel Distri- bution — Cotton Doling Lead Alloys -- (3341) Plvwood ' 6.002 (2432) Barrel — Staves (2429) Advertising — Display Racks (2542) Furniture parts (2/,26) Type . Sewcrafje Receiving Volume Waste Treatment •System Stream (MOD) •NOXCONNAII CREEK DRAINAGE HAS IK (Cont) Sanitary — Memphis ' .Sewer 0.001 Sanitary — Mermhis .-Sewers — Sanitary '-- Monphis Latham Bayou 0.04 .Sewer Sanitary -- Memphis McKcllar Lake — ^Sewer — — — Cane Creek 0.001 . — — Latham Bayou 0.001 Discharge Type Waste Treatment Tank Drainage Indus- trial Waste — — — Boiler Slowdown Condcnsor Log Spray Log Spray Washwater — ~ -- Remarks May have a treated waste effluent Contains detergents Waste contains phenols ------- TABLE VI-3 (cont'c!) , INDUSTRIAL WASTES DISCHARGE SUMMARY Discharge to Scwerace Sv'stcr. No. Industry Name and Address Tyre Industry Volume (sic) (MOD; Type Sewerage Waste Treatment .Svsten • Surface Receiving Volume Stream (MCD) Discharge Type Waste Treatment Remarks SOXCONN'All CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN (Cont) 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. Pace Corp. Division of AMEAC 5607 Hwy. 61 South The Quaker Oats Company Feed Mill 1526 Ragan Street R. C. Can Company 1440 Ragan Street Ralston-Purina Company 1725 Airways Schevenell Ready Mix Concrete Conpany 1280 Walker Aver.ue Jos. Schlitz Brewing Co. P. 0. Box 18309 Holiday City Station S real ley Ha<;ncsiun Division of Piper Industries Military Pyrotechnics (2899) Animal & ~ Poultrv Feed (2042) Fibre Cans (2655) Anlr.al & — Poultry Feed (2042) Ready Mix Conrotc (3273) Brewery 1.90 (2082) Battery 0.20 Cases (3691) Sanitary Ln^oono Private & Plat- Chemical System ing Treatment wastes Sedimenta- tion.'. __ -1 __ . __ — _ _•. — ~ -- • __ __• — Sanitary — Ken?his 6 Process Sewers Wastes Sanitary ~ — & Rinse Water Tributary to Nonconnah Creek Cane Creek 0.90 Cane Creek 0.03 Frisco Branch 0.001 to Cane Creek Cane Creek 0.035 Johns Creek to 0.38 Nonconnah Creek Konconnah 0.05 Creek Lagoon — System Outflow Cooling Water Boiler Slowdown Cooling — Water Hashwater — Truck — Washwater Cooling — Water Chrome Chemical Wastes Treatment Boiler & Sedlnen- Copper, Chromium and cyanide contained in plating wastes Some oil discharged New Plane. Operation to begin 8/71 719 Pi^cr Street Coilicrsviilc ------- TABtE VI-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRIAL WASTE.DISCHARGE SUMMARY Discharge to Sew.erafic No. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. Industry Nanc end Address Southern Cotton Oil Company 1351 Williams Southern Laminating Comnany 1G01 Clancy Street South Memphis Stock Yards Conpany Standard Brake Shoe & Foundry Company 130 li. liodlcy Avenue Swift & Conpany Ice Crcan Plant 2022 Hidison Tennessee Air National Cuard Democrat Road Union Carbide Corp. Llndc division 1259 McLean 31vcl. Valley Products Co. 3GA H. lirooks Type Indus try Volume (sic) O:CD) Cottonseed 0.002 i Products (2091) Curved Plvwood (2432) Livestock — • Warehouse Railroad Ura'-.c (3321) Ice Cream -- (2024) Aircraft Maintenance Acetylene -- Gas Industrial So.tp Products (2341) Type Waste Trcatnent NOIICO^MU Sanitary «• — Sanitary — •Pen Wash- water? — ^_ • Sanitary -- & Process Was tes Sanitary Sanitary -^r Sanitary — & Industrial Was tcs SYS ten Surface •Sewernge Receiving Volume Svsten Strca-a (""0) CR'-KK DRAINAttC EASIN (Cont) Memphis — — ••.Sewers Cane Creek 0.001 Armour McKellar Lake -- .6 Co. — • Latham Bayou 0.025 • Memphis Frisco Branch 1.500 Sever Memphis Hurricane •Sewer Creek .neirnhls — 0.006 ,Sewer Memphis Ditch to 0.08 'Sewers Nonconnah Creek Discharge Type Waste Treatment Remarks Storm ' — Runoff Only Boiler — Some glue wastes Slowdown Process Wastes? Armour ™ Sewcr discharge Cooling Water Cooling — Discharge contains oils Water . and solids Aircraft Oil separator Washwater Lime Holding No Discharge Slurry Pond Condenser — Other Industrial waste & Cooling discharges' observed Water *• ------- TABLE VI-3 (cont'd) INDUSTRiAt WASTE.DISCHARGE SUMMARY So. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. Industry Kane ' and Address Uunble Oil & Refining Co. 1010 Riverside Drive International Harvester Co. - Memphis Works 3003 Harvester Lane Illinois Central Railroad National Distillers Products Company 155 Wisconsin Avenue Wabash , Inc . 1217 Florida Street Type Industry (SIC) Bulk Oil Plant Farm Machinery (3522) Wood Barrels (2445) Wood doors (2431) Discharge to Sewerage Svstcm Volume Type Sewerage Receivinp. (MGD) Waste Treatment 'Svste-n Stream MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE AREA Ditch to Mississippi River — — Ditch to Mississippi River — -— Incline Creek — • Incline Creek Surface Discharge Volume Type (MCD) Waste Treatment Remarks — Surface Oil Separator Runoff 1.234 Process Neutral!- About 8 pounds chromium Wastes zation discharged daily. Sanitary Wastes Cooling Water -- Cooling — Water Boiler « Slowdown Hash- water Cooling — - Water Process Water 0.10 Cooling Water Process Water oo ------- 49 pertinent information on industrial waste discharges. A total of 85 known sources were identified. Of this total, 15 sources discharge more than one mgcl. Waste discharges totalled about 43 mgd, of which 12 mgd were located in the Loosahatchie River drainage area, 23 mgd in the Wolf River drainage area, 17 mgd in the Nonconnah Creek drainage area and 1 mgd in the Mississippi River drainage area. As shown in Figure VI-1, the industrial waste sources are primarily located in five areas: north of Memphis near Woodstock in the Loosahatchie River drainage, along lower Wolf River at the north edge of Memphis, along lower Nonconnah Creek at the south edge of Memphis, along the Mississippi River and around the harbor area of McKellar Lake. Detailed data on water uses and waste characteristics were avail- able for-, -only about ha.lf of-- the-was.te. -sources listed in-.Tn.ble-VT-3. . Cooling water discharges probably account for a major portion of the waste volumes shown. In many cases, these cooling water discharges are contaminated by other wastes. Details of the most significant waste sources are discussed below by drainage area. Loosahatchie River_ Drainage Significant waste discharges in this drainage include Chromium Mining & Smelting Co., E. I. duPont dc Nemours & Co., W. R. Grace & Co., Kilok Chemicals, Inc., and the Sanymetals Products Co., Inc. The duPont discharge is the largest industrial discharge in the Memphis -area. All of the industries.listed above are potential sources of toxic materials. None of the industries in this drainage are listed in the Tennessee implementation plan. However, W. R. Grace & Co. is scheduled to provide additional treatment facilities by 1974 as speci- fied in its effluent permit. ------- 50 Wolf River Drainage Significant: waste discharges in this drainage include Atlas Chemical Industries, Buckeye Cellulose Corporation (two plants), Com- mercial Chemical Corporation, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company, Humko Products (two plants), Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Pulvair Corporation, The Quaker Oats Company, and Velsicol Chemical Corporation. These waste discharges are sources of pesticides, toxic materials or organic and oxygen demanding substances. A total of nine industries in the Wolf River drainage are included in the Tennessee implementation plan as shown in Table VI-4. With the exception of Kimberly-Clark Corporation, the original compliance date for each source has been passed. Only one source is known to be in compliance. In the 1971 State Program,Grant application.to EPA, Tennessee indicated that four sources would be in compliance in 1971 and another source in 1972 . The-present status of compliance for these sources is unknown. In several cases, the reported treatment needs would appear to be inadequate for control of the wastes dis- charged. Nonconnah Creek Drainage. The largest number of waste sources (45) are located in this drainage area. Of this total, eight sources are considered to be of significance with respect to actual or potential water quality impact. These sources are American Finishing Company (Whittaker Corporation Textile Service Center), Cargill Inc., Chapman Chemical Company, Delta Refining Company, Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc., Pace Corporation, Smalley Magnesium, and Valley Products Company. ------- TABLE V.I-4 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR INDUSTRIAL SOURCES No. Industry Name and Address Treatment Original Needs Compliance Date Present Completion Date WOLF RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The Firestone Tire & Rubber' Aerated Lagoon Company Firestone Blvd. Lloyd A. Fry Roofing Company 704 Corrine Avenue Humko Products (Chemical Plant) 1231 Pope Street lluir.ko Products (Edible Oils Plant) 17C2 Thon.is Street Kir.-berly-Clark Corp. 400 Mahannah Street The Lehon Company Division of Philip Carey Box 7254 K. Station John Morrel & Company 1400 Warford Street Aerated Lagoon October, 1970 June, 1970 January, 1971 Aerated Lagoon January, 1971 Aerated Lagoon Aerated Lagoon January, 1972 June, 1970 National Cylinder Gas Co. Sedimentation & Division of C'uenetron Corp. Chemical Treat- 1220 S. 3rd Street went June, 1970 1971 1971 1971 1971 1972 ------- TABLE VI-4 (cont'd) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR- INDUSTRIAL SOURCES No. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Industry Name and Address Treatment Needs Original Compliance Date Present Completion Date Parsons Manufacturing & Stamping Company Box 465 Cordova, Tennessee WOLF RIVER PJAIKACE BASIN (Cont) Chemical Treat- November, 1969 ment .& Settling NONCONNAH' CREEK- DRAINAGE AREA American Finishing Company (Whittaker Corn.) 61 .r. E. Bod ley Coyne Cylinder Company Box 9217 Delta Refining Company 543 W. Mallory Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc. 1351 Williams Street Memphis Lead Company 304 Industrial Avenue Memphis Plywood Company 337 E. Mallory Secondary Sedimentation Sedimentation & Chemical^Treat- ment Secondary January, 1971 June, 1970 January, 1972 September, 1971 June, 1970 June, 1970 In compliance December, 1971 to ------- TABLE :.VI-4 (cont'd) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR INDUSTRIAL SOURCES Industry Name Treatment Original Present No. and Address Needs Compliance Date Completion Date •MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 16. International Harvester Co. Chemical Treat- August, 1971 ? P.O. Box 268 ment & Sedimen- tation en ------- 54 The Tennessee implementation plan (Table VI-4) lists six indus- tries in this drainage area. With the exception of Delta Refining Company, the compliance, dates have already passed. American Finishing Company is presently scheduled to connect to the Memphis interceptor sewer system by December, 1971. Such action would be 11 months behind schedule and would avoid the requirement for secondary treatment. The status of compliance for other sources is unknown. Mississippi River Drainage Only five industries are known to discharge directly to the Mississippi River. International Harvester Company is the only signi- ficant waste source. The Tennessee implementation plan calls for addition of chemical treatraert and sedimentation at this source by .August, 1971. .The plant plans_ to. connect to Memphis sewers when avail- able in several years. Present treatment is inadequate and probably in* non-compliance with the implementation plan. ------- 55 CHAPTER VII. WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS Water quality conditions in the various streams in the Memphis area reflect the effects of the large waste loads discharged by this urban area. The Loosahatchie and Wolf Rivers and Nonconnah Creek are relatively unpol- luted in their upper reaches but are severely degraded as they flow through Memphis. The Mississippi River is also degraded as it flows past the city. Uue to the large flow of the river, this degradation is much less severe than in the tributaries. Available water quality data for the Memphis area are limited. A long- term pollution surveillencc station has been operated by the EPA and its predecessor agencies on the Mississippi River at West Memphis, Arkansas, since 1958. Some water quality sampling was done in the area by the Federal Water Pollution Control-administration as.-part, of .the -study ,.of- -endrin_,ppl- ,- lution in the Lower Mississippi River. Most of this data is pesticide con- centrations. The Memphis-Shelby County Health Department has limited stream quality data. Data collected by the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control board were not evaluated. Due to the lack of data, specific definitions of water quality condi- tions cannot be made at this time. Reports by the Memphis-Shelby County Health Department and the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board provide general information on water quality conditions and violations of water quality standards which may be occurring. Water quality problems specific to each stream arc.discussed below. ------- 56 A. LOOSAHATCHIE RIVER The Loosahatchie River is the least polluted of the major streams in the Memphis area. Upstream from Woodstock, the stream is of good quality. Between Woodstock and the Mississippi River, water quality conditions are affected by discharges of treated municipal wastes and some industrial waste discharges. The lower reach of the river is af- fected by backwater conditions from the Mississippi River, especially during hiph flow stages. The-present status of water quality conditons in the Loosahatchie River is not defined. Tennessee is currently in the process of estab- lishing standards for this, intrastate stream. In June, 1965, the Lower Mississippi River Technical Assistance Project investigated a fish kill, near _thc mouth of the Lposahatchie River . Low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (0.5 mg/1) were observed. The cause of the DO depression was not defined. B. WOLF RIVER The Wolf River is the largest tributary stream in the Memphis area. The major portion of the stream, located upstream from Memphis, is relatively unpolluted. Within the metropolitan area, severe water quality degradation occurs. Most of this degradation is due to inade- quately treated industrial waste discharges. Most of the untreated municipal wastes formerly discharged to the river have been diverted to the Mississippi River by the Memphis interceptor ecwer system. The lower reaches of the river are affected by backwater conditions from the Mississippi River. ------- 57 Two large fish kills occurred in the lower river in May and October of 1965 . Total lack of dissolved oxygen was observed in both cases. In 1970, the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board reported that water quality in the lower six miles of the Wolf River was in non- compliance with water quality criteria for dissolved oxygen, solids, ( 9) floating material, deposits, color and toxic substances. In addition, bacteriological concentrations were in noncompliance in the lower 12 miles of the river. Factors contributing to the standards violations were municipal and industrial waste discharges from the Memphis area. Major waste contributors included the City of Memphis, liumko Company (2 plants), Kimberly-Clark and the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. --C.'•••;• : -NONCONNAIi CREEU- Nonconnah Creek is a small stream which carries little natural flow during dry periods. The stream is severely degraded within the urban area and is the most polluted stream in the Memphis vicinity. Municipal and industrial wastes are the primary sources of pollution. American Finishing Company is the largest waste source discharging to the stream. Although not recently reported by the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board, it is probable that water quality conditions in Nonconnah Creek are in violation of applicable water quality standards. The de- graded outflov-from the creek also contributes to violations of stan- dards which occur in McKellar Lake downstream, as discussed below. ------- 58 D. MCKELLAR LAKE McKellar Lake is a backwater lake located in an old channel sec- tion of the Mississippi River. The lake is connected to the river by an outlet known as Tennessee Chute. Nonconnah Creek enters the lake near its upper end. Water quality conditions are adversely affected by high river stages as resulting backwater conditions produce stagna- tion of stream flow through the lake for extended periods. Industrial wastes from the Memphis harbor area and several indus- trial parks arc discharged directly to the lake. Also, Nonconnah Creek carries a heavy pollution load into the lake. In 1971, the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board reported that water quality conditions in McKellar Lake were in noncompliance (1Q) ,with dissolved oxygen .and .bacteriological criteria A large fish kill occurred in the lake in February 196G . Dis- solved oxygen and pH were observed to be normal. No explanation for the fish kill was given. With the exception of pesticides, no evalua- tion of the possible presence of toxic materials was made. E- *1LSS.LSS-IPJPI RIVER At Memphis, the Mississippi River is a very large stream. Conse- quently, the assimilative capacity of the river is enormous and large waste loads have only minor effects on most water quality parameters. The Mississippi River receives the untreated municipal wastes from A sewered population of more than 600,000 persons, several industrial waste discharges and the residual pollution loads from the streams discussed above. The Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board ------- 59 reports that water quality does not meet the bacteriological criterion between river miles 713.4 and 733.0 as a result of the above pollution. Apparently other parameters are in compliance with applicable criteria. The pollution surveillance station at West Memphis, Arkansas, is located upstream from about half of the waste discharges in the Memphis area. The station is also located on the opposite side of the river from Memphis pollution sources. Consequently, the data from this sta- tion do not reflect the full impact of Memphis pollution on water quality in the Mississippi River. Examination of the data from the surveillcnce station, with the exception of bacteriological concentrations, did not reve.il any signi- ficant long-term trends in water quality. Average total coliform con- centrations increased substantially. b.etyeea 1958 and..the present. ------- 60 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Allen & Hoshall & Clark Dietz & Associates Engineers, Inc., Consulting Engineers; Engineering Report: Waste Water Treatment Facilities, Vol. II, Engineering Studies; Memphis, Tennessee, March 1969. 2. Allen & Hoshall & Clark Dietz & Associates Engineers, Inc., Consulting Engineers; Engineering Report: Industrial Waste Data; Memphis, Tennessee, March 1969. 3. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers; Permits for Discharges or Deposits into Navigable Waters or_ Tributaries thereof; Part II and Part III; 1971 Preliminary Edition. 4. Environmental Protection Agency, STORET Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities Inventory; 1971. 5. Environmental Protection Agency, STORET Industrial Waste Treatment Needs and Implementation Plan; -1971. 6. Everett, Duane E.; Hydrologic and Quality Characteristics of the Lower Mississippi River; Technical Report No. 5; U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, in cooperation with State of Louisiana Department of Public Works; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1971. 7. Memphis and Shelby County Health Department; Pollution of Surface Waters in Memphis and Shelby County; Memphis, Tennessee; December, 1970. 8. Executive Office -- State of Tennessee, Staff Division for Industrial Development; Directory of_ Tennessee Industries 1969; Nashville, Tennessee, July 1969. 9. Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board; 1970 State Program Plan Ap- plication to Environmental Protection Agency. 10. Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board; 1971 State Program Plan Ap- plication to Environmental Protection Agency. 11. Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board; Tennessee Water Quality Standards Implementation Plan; 1967. 12. U. S. Army Engineer District, Memphis, Tennessee; Pollution Incident Report, American Finishing Company, Memphis; November 1970. 13. • U. S. Attorney, Western District of Tennessee; letter to District Engineer, Corps of Engineers, Memphis, Tennessee, requesting investi- ga t ion of_ pollution caused by American Finishing Company, Memphis, Tennessee; Memphis, Tennessee; August 17, 1970. ------- 61 BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd) 14. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Proceedings, Con- ference In the matter of Pollution of_ Interstate Waters of the Lower Mississippi River, May 5-6, 1964, New Orleans, Louisiana; Volumes I-IV; Washington, D. C. 15. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service; Report on Pollution of the Lower Mississippi River -- Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana; May 5, 1964. 16. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Summary of Con- ference, Pollution of Interstate Waters of the Lower Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Arkansas-Louisiana-Mississippi-Tennessee) May 5-6. 1964. 17. U. S. Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, South Central Region; Endrin Pollution jjQ. the Lower Mississippi River Basin; Dallas, Texas; June 1969. 18. U. S. Department of the Interior, Water Quality Standards Office, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Southeast Region; Summary and Status of Water Quality Standards for Interstate Waters of. Mississippi; Atlanta,..Georgia. 19. U. S. Department of the Interior, Water Quality Standards Office, Federal -Water -Pollution Control. Administration,. .S.outheast .Region; .. Summary and Status of_ Water Quality Standards for Interstate' Waters of Tennessee; Atlanta, Georgia. 20.. U. S.. Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, and Arkansas Pollution Control Commission; Summary of Water Quality Standards for the Interstate Waters of_ Arkansas; October 1969. 21. Environmental Protection Agency; Baton Rouge Field Station; List of Potential Sources of Industrial Waste Discharges, Memphis Tennessee Area; 1970. 22. Memphis and Shelby County Health Department; Industrial Waste Source Data Sheets, 1971. ------- APPENDIX A ARKANSAS WATER QUALITY CRITERIA APPLICABLE TO THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ------- SPECIFIC CRITERIA 1. Temperature - The maximum temperature shall not be ele- vated above 95° F. The temperature of a stream as de- termined by natural conditions shall not be increased or decreased more than 5° F. by discharges thereto. 2. Color - True color shall not be increased to the extent Chat it will interfere with present usage and projected future use of the stream. 3. Turbidity - There shall be no distinctly visible increase in turbidity due to waste discharges to the stream. 4. Taste and Odor - Taste and odor producing substances shall be limited to concentrations in the stream that will not interfere with the production of potable water by reason- able water treatment processes, or impart unpalatable flavor to food -fish, or result in offensive odors arising from the stream, or otherwise interfere with the reason- able use of the water. 5. Solids, Floating Material, and Deposits - The stream shall have no distinctly visible solids, scum or foam of a per- sistent nature, nor shall there be any formation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks, attributable to waste discharges. 6. Oil and Grease - The stream shall be essentially free of the relatively nonvolatile liquid components that contribute to the formation of oil films, deposits and emulsions. 7. pH - The pH of water in the stream must not fluctuate in excess of 1.0 pH unit, within the range of 6.0 - 9'.0 over a period of 24 hours. The pH shall not be below 6.0 or above 9.0 due to wastes discharged to the receiving stream. 8. Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) - The dissolved oxygen in the stream shall not be less than 4 ppm, and this shall be the critical deficit point of the dissolved oxygen pro- file. The only exception will be when periodic lower values are of natural origin and therefore beyond con- trol of the water user... On the larger rivers the dis- solved oxygen shall be determined by the average of con- centrations in samples collected at quarter points across the river, and at two-tenths and eight-tenths of the depth at each point. ------- 9. Radioactivity - The Rules and Regulations for the Control of Sources of Ionizing Radiation, of the Division of Radio- logical Health, Arkansas State Board of Health, shall apply as to the limits established for radiation levels in un- controlled areas. 10. Bacteria - The Arkansas State Board of Health has the re- sponsibility of approving or disapproving surface waters for swimming and drinking water supply, and it has issued rules and regulations pertaining to such uses. These re- gulations state that the coliform group shall not exceed 1,000/100 milliliters as a monthly average value (either most probable number or membrane filter count) for waters substantially used for body contact sports; nor exceed this number in more than twenty percent of the samples examined during any one month; nor exceed 2,400/100 mil- liliters on any day except during periods of storm water runoff; provided, however, that no fecal contamination is known to be present. In other waters, the coliform bac- teria group shall not exceed 5,000/100 milliliters as a monthly average value (either Most Probable Number or mem- brane filter count); nor exceed this number in more than twenty percent of the samples examined during any month; nor exceed 20,000/100 milliliters in more than 5% of such samples. Arithmetic averages will be used. 11. Toxic'Substances - Toxic materials, organic or inorganic, shall not be present in such quantities as to cause the waters to be toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or to interfere with the normal propagation of aquatic life. For aquatic life and using bioassay techniques, the level of toxic materials in the stream shall not exceed " ohe-'centh' (0.1) 'of the forty-eight (48) hour Median Toler- ance Limit. • 12. Mineral Quality - Waste discharges shall not affect exist- ing mineral quality so as to interfere with other beneficial uses.... ------- APPENDIX B Summary of TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ------- STATE OF TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS A Status Report and Summary Tennessee Water Quality Standards were submitted on June 28, 1967. Certain revisions were later adopted by the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board, and approval with exceptions was made on February 28, 1968, by the Secretary of the Interior. The excep- tions to approval and action taken is as follows: Requirements Inclusion of a clause relating to the non-degradation of high quality waters. Review of bacteriological criteria for Public Water • Supply and Recreational Uses Classifications. r, Upgrading temperature criteria for Fish and Wildlife Classifications and other higher uses. Action Taken Statement prepared by state agency and submitted on "Tennessee Formal Policy to Protect Existing High Quality Water and to Correct Present Pollution." Statement is currently under regional and Headquarters review. Joint study in progress. Data •collection expected to terminate July 1, 1969. Regional study by FWPCA in cooperation with the states for review of historical, temperature data and effects of healed effluents on receiving waters has been initiated. Study expected to terminate about January 1, 1970. Other action by the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board requires secondary treatment or the equivalent as the minimum level of waste treatment for all discharges to interstate waters, with higher treatment levels where necessary to protect water uses. Secondary treatment and efficiency expected has been defined by ------- the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board as 75 to 90 percent removal of the 5-day BOD, and from 80 to 90 percent suspended solids removal. Temperature criteria were also amended to restrict temperature increases to 10°F total increase, as measured against an upstream control point. The changes have been incorporated in the water quality criteria which follow. ------- GENERAL WATER QUALITi* CRITERIA FOR THE DEFINITION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION IN THE WATERS OF TENNESSEE 7 Adopted on May 26, 1967 Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board Tennessee Code Annotated, Sections 70-301 through 70-319, makes it the duty of the Stream Pollution Control Board to study and in- vestigate all problems concerned with the pollution of the waters of the State and with its prevention, abatement, and control and to establish such standards of quality for any waters of the State in relation to their reasonable and necessary use. as the Board shall deem to be in the public interest and establish general policies relating to existing or proposed future pollution as the Board shall deem necessary to accomplish the. purpose of the Control Code. The following general considerations and criteria are officially adopted by the Board as a guide in determining the permissible conditions of waters with respect to pollution and the preventive or corrective measures required to control pollution in various waters or in different sections of the same waters. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. .Waters have many uses which in the public interest, are reasonable and necessary. Such uses include: sources of water supply for domestic and industrial purposes; propa- gation and maintenance of fish and other desirable aquatic life; recreational boating and fishing; the final disposal of .municipal sevage and industrial waste following adequate treatment; stock vatering and irrigation; navigation; genera 1: ion of power; and the enjcynuint: of -scenic and esthatic qualities of the waters. 2. The rigid application of uniform war.er quality is no't desirable or reasonable because of the. varying uses of such waters. The assimilative capacity of a stream for sevrage and waste. varies depending upon various factors including the following: volume of flow, depth of channel, the presence of falls or rapids, rate of flow, temperature, natural characteristics, and the nature of the stream. Also the-, relative importarce assigned to each use will differ for different waters and sections of waters through- out ths? s To permit reasonable and necessary uses of the waters of the State, existing pollution should be corrected as rapidly as practical and future pollution controlled by treatment plants or other measures. There is an economical balance between the cost of sewage, and waste treatment and thr. benefits received and within permissible limit:s the ------- dilution factor and the assimilative capacity of surface water should be utilized. Waste recovery, control of rates and dispersion of waste into the streams, and control of rates and characteristics of flow of waters in the stream where adequate, will be considered to be a means of correction. Sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes, as defined in the Stream Pollution Control Code, shall not be discharged into or adjacent to streams or other surface waters in such quantity and of such character or under such conditions of discharge in relation to the receiving waters as will result in visual or olfactory nuisances, undue interference to other reasonable and necessary uses of the water, or appreciable damage to the natural processes of self- purification. In relation to the various qualities and the specific uses of the receiving waters, no sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes discharged shall be responsible for conditions that fail to meet the criteria of water quality outlined below. Bypassing or accidental spills will not be tolerated. The criteria of water quality outlined below are considered as guides in applying the water quality objectives in order to insure reasonable and necessary uses of the. waters of-. the State'. .In prder to protect the public health and maintain the water suitable for other reasonable and necessary uses; to provide for future development; to .allow proper sharing of available water resources; and to meet the needs of particular situations additional criteria will be set. CRITERIA OF WATER CONDITIONS 1. Domestic Raw Water Supply (a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved oxygen present to pr&vent odors of decomp sition and other offensive conditions. (b) pH - The pK value shall lie within the. range of 6.0 to . 9.0 and shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period of 24 hours. (c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be r.o substances added to the waters that will increase the hardness or mineral content of the waters to such an extent to appreciably impair tha usefulness of the water as a source of domestic water supply. ------- (d) Total Dissolved Solids - The total dissolved solids shall at no time exceed 500 mg/1. (e) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character as may impair the usefulness of the water as a source of domestic water supply. (f) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or color added in amounts or characteristics that can not be reduced to acceptable concentrations by conventional water treatment processes. (g) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not exceed 93°F and the maximum rate of change shall not exceed 3°F per hour. In no case shall the maximum temperature rise be more than 10°F above the stream temperature which shall be measured at an upstream control .point. (h) Microbiological Coliform - Coliform group shall not exceed 10,000 per 100 ml. as a monthly average value (either MPN or MF count); nor exceed this number in more than 20 per cent of the samples examined during any month; nor exceed 20,000 per 100 ml. in more than f five per cent of such samples. These values may be .exceeded-provided'the organisms are known to be of nonfecal origin'. No disease producing bacteria or other objectionable organisms shall be added to surface waters which will result in the contamination of said waters to such an extent as to render the water unsuit- able as sources of domestic water supply after conventional water treatment. (i) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added which v/ill result in taste or odor that prevent .the production of potable water by conventional water treatment processes. (j) Toxic Substances - There shall be no toxic substances added to the waters that will produce toxic conditions that materially affect man or animals or impair the -safety of a conventionally treated water supply. (k) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water in quantities that may be detrimental to public health or impair the usefulness of the water as a source of domestic water supply. ------- 2. Industrial Water Supply (a) Dissolved Oxygen- - There shall always be sufficient dissolved oxygen present to prevent odors of decompo- sition and other offensive conditions. • (b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range pver a period of 24 hours. (c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added to the waters that will increase the hardness or mineral content of the waters to such an extent as to appreciably impair the usefulness of the water as a source of industrial water supply. (d) Total Dissolved Solids - The total dissolved solids shall at no time exceed 500 mg/1. (e) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character as may impair the usefulness of the water as a source of industrial water supply. (f) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or . color added in amounts or characteristics that can not be reduced to acceptable concentrations by conventional water treatment processes. , . <[g) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not exceed 93°F and the maximum rate of change shall not exceed 3°F per hour. In no case shall the maximum temperature rise be more than 10°F above the stream temperature which shall be measured at an upstream control point. (h) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added that will result in taste or odor that would prevent the use of the water for industrial processing. (i) To:!ic Substances - There shall be no substances added to the waters that may produce toxic conditions that will adversely affect the water for industrial process- ing. (j) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the waters in quantities that may adversely affect the water for industrial processing. ------- 7 3. Fish and Aquatic Life (a) Dissolved Oxygen - The dissolved oxygen shall be maintained at 5.0 mg/1 except in limited sections of the stream receiving treated effluev.*.- . In these 'limited sections, a minimum of 3.0 nu;/l dissolved oxygen shall be allowed. The dissolved oxygen content shall be measured at mid-depth in waters having a total depth of ten (10) feet or less and at a depth of five (5) feet in waters having a total depth of greater than ten (10) feet. A minimum dissolved oxygen content of 6.0 mg/1 shall be maintained in recognized trout streams. (b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.5 to 6.5 and shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period of 24 hours. (c) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character that may be detrimental to fish and aquatic life. (d) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or . '. color, added in such amounts or of such "character that will materially affect fish and aquatic life. (e) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not exceed 93°F and the maximum rate.of change shall not . exceed 3°F per hour. The maximum temperature of recognized trout streams shall not exceed 68°F. In no case shall the' maximum temperature rise be more than 10°F above the stream temperature which shall be measured at an upstream control point. (f) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added that will impart: unpalatable flavor to fish or result in noticeable offensive odors in the vicinity of the water or otherwise interfere with fish or aquatic life. (g) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to the waters that will produce toxic conditions that affect fish or aquatic life. (h) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the waters that will be detrimental to fish or . aquatic life. 4. Recreation (a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved oxygen present to prevent odors of decompo- sition and" other offensive conditions. ------- 8 (b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and shall .not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period of 24 hours. (c) Solids, Floating Materials, and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character that may be detrimental to recreation. (d) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or color added in such amounts or character that will result in an objectionable appearance to the water. (e) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not exceed 93°F and the maximum rate of change shall not exceed 3°F per hour. In no case shall the maximum temperature rise be more than 10°F above the stream temperature which shall be measured at an upstream control point. (f) Microbiological Coliform - The fecal coliform group shall not exceed 5,000 per 100 ml. as a monthly average value nor exceed this number in more than 20 per cent of the samples examined during any month; nor exceed 20,000 per 100 ml. in more than five per cent of such samples. In those waters that are physically suitable and available to the public for water-contact recreation the fecal coliform concentration shall not exceed 1,000 per 100 ml. in any two consecutive samples collected during the months of May through September. Water areas near outfalls of domes- tic sewage treatment plants are not considered suitable for water-contact recreation. (g) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added that will result in objectionable taste or odor. (h) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to the water that will produce toxic conditions that affect man or animal. Ci) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water in quantities which may have a detrimental effect on recreation. 5. Irrigation (a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dis- solved oxygen present to prevent odors of decomposition and other offensive conditions. (b) pll - The pll value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period of 24 hours. ------- (c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added to the water that will increase the mineral content to such an extent as to impair its use for irrigation. (d) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character as may impair the usefulness of the water for irrigation purposes. (e) Temperature -'The temperature of the water shall not be raised or lowered to such an extent as to interfere • with its use for irrigation purposes. (f) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to water that will produce toxic conditions that will affect the water for irrigation. (g) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water in quantities which may be detrimental to the waters used for irrigation. 6. Livestock Watering and Wildlife •(a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved oxygen present to prevent odors of decompo- sition and other offensive conditions. (b) pH - The pll value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period of 24 hours.. (c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added to water that will increase the' mineral content to such an extent as to impair its use for livestock watering and wildlife. (d) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes, bottom deposits' or sludge banks of such size or character as to interfere with livestock watering and wildlife. .(e) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not be raised or lowered to such an extent as to interfere with its use for livestock watering and wildlife. (f) To'xic Substances - There shall be no substances added to water that will produce, toxic conditions that will effect th'e water for livestock watering and wildlife. ------- 10 (g) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water in quantities which may be detrimental to the water for livestock watering and wildlife. 7. ' Navigation' (a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved oxygen present to prevent odors of decompo- ' sition and other offensive conditions. (b) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added to the water that will increase the mineral content to such an extent: as to impair its use for navigation. (c) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character as to interfere with navigation. (d) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not be raised or lowered to such an extent as to interfere with its use for navigation purposes. .(e) .Toxic Substances - There shall be no'substances added to water that will produce toxic conditions that will affect the water for navigation. (f) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water in quantities which may be detrimental to the waters used for navigation. These criteria should not be construed as permitting the degradation of higher quality water when such can be prevented by reasonable pollution control measures. The above conditions are recognized as applying to waters affected by the discharge of sewage and/or industrial waste or other waste and not resulting from natural causes. DEFINITIONS 1. Conventional Water Treatment - Conventional water treatment as referred to in the criteria denotes coagulation, sedi- mentation, filtration and chlorination. 2. Mixing Zone - Mixing zone refers to that section of flowing stream or impounded waters necessary for effluents to become dispersed. The mixing zone necessary in each particular case shall be defined by the Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board. ------- APPENDIX C Summary of MISSISSIPPI WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ------- STATE OF MISSISSIPPI WATER QUALITY STANDARDS A Status Report and Summary Water quality ^standards were submitted by the State of Mississippi on Jurie.?22, 1967.' A revision to the water quality criteria and stream classifications were later adopted by the Air and Water Pollution Control Commission, and approval with certain exceptions was given to Mississippi standards on Nay 6, 1968, by 'the Secretary of the Interior. The remaining exceptions to approval and action taken are as follows: . Requirements Inclusion of a clause relative . :to non-degradation of existing high quality waters. Upgrading criteria for dissolved oxygen for Fish and Aquatic Life 'and other higher uses, and upgrading dissolved oxygen for open ocean waters. Upgrading criteria for temperature for Shellfish Harvesting and Fish and Wildlife Classifications and other higher uses. Review of bacteriological criteria for Public Water Supply and Recreational Uses Classifications. Review of mineral criteria (dissolved solids and specific conductance) for Public Water Supply.and other applicable uses. Completed and updated implementation plan with time schedules and treatment requirements for all industries and municipalities discharging 'into interstate waters. Ac tio n_T_a_ken Acceptable clause prepared by the state but not officially adopted. Under negotiation. Regional study by FWPCA"in cooperation with the states for review of historical tempera- ture data and effects of heated effluents on receiving waters has been initiated. Study expected to terminate'about January 1, 1970. • Joint study in progress. Data collection expected to terminate July 1, 1969. Joint study in process with FWPCA and Lower Mississippi River Stales to review mineral criteria for regionwide compat- ibility. Under preparation by state agency. ------- In previous actions by the State Air and Water Pollution Control Commission, secondary or equivalent levels of waste • treatment will be required for all discharges- to interstate waters. The Commission also reviewed and changed certain stream .classifications to.higher use levels. Water quality criteria for the entire bacteriological parameter has been changed from total to fecal coliforms, and maximum temperature levels for all water use classifications have been lowered to a 93°F maximum. These changes are incorporated in the classifications and water quality criteria which follow. ' ------- WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR INTERSTATE AND COASTAL WATERS STATE OF MISSISSIPPI SECTION I. GENERAL CONDITIONS; 1.' It is the intent of the Mississippi Air & Water Pollution Control Commission that the pollution of waters of the State shall be prevented, eliminated or reduced to acceptable levels £p protect the public health or welfare and enhance the quality of waters to insure their value for public water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife, recreational purposes, agricultural, industrial and other legitimate uses. 2. The limiting values of water quality herein described shall be measured by the Commission in waters under consideration as determined by good sanitary engineering practice and after consultation with affected parties. Samples shall be taken from points so distributed over the area and depth of the waters being, studied as to permit a realistic appraisal of such actual or potential damage to water use or aquatic life as may exist. Samples shall be analyzed in accordance with latest edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater"-or other methods acceptable to the Commission. 3.' Exceptions. In cognizance of the fact that certain waters of the State may not fall within desired or prescribed limitations as outlined, the Commission may authprize exceptions to these limits upon presentation of good and sufficient evidence of intent to com- ply to the extent practical or technically feasible. In no case shall it be permissible to deposit or introduce materials1 in vaters of the State which will cause impairment of the reason- able, or legitimate use to said waters. 4. In view of the fact that industry is continuing to produce new materials whose characteristics and effects are unknown at this time, such materials- shall be evaluated on their merits as infor- mation becomes available to the Commission. 5. All criteria conraine.d herein shall apply at all stages of streamflow which exceed the 7-day, 10-year minimum flow in •unregulated, natural streams. This requirement shall not be interpreted to permit any unusual waste discharges during periods of lower flow. ------- SECTION II. MINIMUM CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL WATERS. 1. Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other discharges that will settle to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable sludge deposits. 2. Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other floating materials attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other dis- charges in amounts sufficient to be unsightly or deleterious. 3. Free from materials attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other discharges producing color, odor, or other conditions in such degree as to create a nuisance. 4. Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural or other discharges in concentrations or combina- tions which are toxic or harmful to humans, animal or aquatic life. • 5. Municipal wastes, industrial wastes, or other wastes shall receive effective treatment or control (secondary or equivalent) in accordance with the latest practical technological advances and shall be approved by the Commission. " A degree of treatment greater than secondary will be required when necessary to protect legitimate water uses. SECTION'III. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. '!.' PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY: Water in this classification is for use as a source of raw water supply for drinking and food processing purposes. The water treatment process shall be approved by the Mississippi State Board of Health. The raw water supply will meet the Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards (latest edition). a. Dissolved Oxygen; There shall be no oxygen demanding sub- 6tanc.es added which will depress the D. 0. content below 4.0 mg/1. • . b. jgll: The pl-I shall not be caused to vary more than 1.0 unit above, or brlow normal pll of the waters and lower value shr>l I . be not less than 6.0 and upper value not more than 8.5 c. Temperature: Shall not be increased more than ten degrees F (10°F), after reasonable mixing, above the natural prevail- " ing background temperatures, nor exceed a maximum of 93°F. • i d. Bac-tcria: Fecal coliform not to exceed 5,000 per 100 ml. as a monthly average, value (either MPN or MF count); nor to exceed this number in more than twenty percent (20%) of the samples examined during any month; nor to exceed 20,000 per 100 ml. in more than five percent (5%) of such samples. ------- e. Chlorides (Cl~); There shall be no substances added which will cause the chloride content to exceed 250 mg/1 in fresh water streams. f. Specific Conductance: There shall be no substances added to increase the conductivity above 500 micromhos/cm for • fresh water streams. g. Dissolved Solids; There shall be no substances added to the waters to cause the dissolved solids to exceed 500 mg/1. h. Threshold Odor; There shall be no substances added which will cause the threshold odor number to exceed 24 (at 60°C) as a daily average. i. Phenolic Compounds; There' shall be no substances added which will cause the phenolic content to be greater than 0.001'mg/1 (phenol). j. Radioactive Substances; There shall be no radioactive .substances added to the waters which will cause the gross beta activity (in the known absence of Strontium-90 and alpha emitters) to exceed 1000 micromic'rocuries at any time. k. Chemical Constituents: Not to exceed the following concentrations at any time: Constituent Concentration (mg/1) Arsenic 0.05 Barium • 1.0 Cadmium 0.01 Chromium (hexavalent) 0.05 Cyanide 0.2 Fluoride 0.7 - 1.2 Lead 0.05 Selenium 0.01 Silver 0.05 2. SHELLFISH HARVESTING'AREAS: Waters classified for this use are for propagation and harvest- ing shellfish for sale or use as a food product. These waters will meet the requirements set forth in the latest edition of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, Manual of Operations, Part I, Sanitation o£ Shellfish Growing Areasi as published by the-U. S. Public Health Service. ------- c. Temperature; Shall not be increased more than ten degrees F (10°F), after reasonable mixing, above the natural prevailing background temperatures, nor exceed a maximum of 93° F. "• . d. Bacteria: Fecal coliform group riot to'exceed 1000 per-100-ml. as a monthly average value .(either MPN or MF count); nor exceed this number in more than twenty percent (20%) of the samples examined d.uring any month; nor exceed 2,400 per 100 ml. (MPN or MF count) on any day. e. Specific. Conductance; There shall be no substances added to increase the conductivity above 1000 micromhos/cm for fresh water streams. £. Dissolved solids; There shall be no substances added to the waters to cause the dissolved solids to exceed 750 mg/1 as a monthly average value, nor exceed 1500 mg/1 at any time. g. Toxic Substances, Color, Taste and Odor Producing Substances: There shall be no substances added, whether alone or in com- bination'with other substances that will render the waters unsafe or unsuitable for water contact activities, or impair the use of waters requiring lesser quality. 4. FISH AND WILDLIFE; Waters in this classification arc intended for fishing, propa- gation of fish, aquatic life and wildlife and any other uses requiring water of lesser quality. a. Dissolved Oxygen; There shall be no oxygen demanding sub" stances added which will depress the D.O. content' below 4.0 mg/1. • b. pH; The pH shall not be caused to vary more than 1.0 unit above or below normal pH of the waters and lower value shall be not less than 6.0 and upper value not more than 8.5. c. Temperature: Shall not be increased more than ten degrees • F (10°F), after reasonable mixing, above the natural prevail" ing background temperatures, nor exceed a maximum of 93° F. ^« Specific Conductance; There shall be no substances added to increase the conductivity above 1000 micromhos/cm for fresh water streams. c. Dissolved Solids: There shall be no substances added to the • 'Waters to cause the. dissolved solids to exceed 750 mg/1 as a monthly average value, nor exceed 1500 mg/1 at any time. ------- f. Toxic Substances: There shall be no substances added to the waters to exceed one-tenth (l/10th) of the 48-hour median tolerance limit. ^ . g. Taste and Odo'f; There shall be no substance added, whether alone or in combination with other substances that will impair the palatability of fish or unreasonably affect the aesthetic value of the water. h. Phenolic Compounds: There shall be no substances added which will cause the phenolic content to exceed 0.05 mg/1 •(phenol) . 5. AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLIES; Waters in this classification will be suitable for agricultural • irrigation and livestock watering, industrial cooling and pro- cess water supplies, fish survival and other uses, except fish and wildlife propagation, water contact sports and source of potable water supply. . • ' ' a. Dissolved Oxygen; There shall be no oxygen demanding sub- stances added which will depress the dissolved oxygen content below 3.0 mg/1. b. jpH; The pH shall not be caused to vary more than 1.0 unit above or below normal pH of the waters and lower value shall be not less than 6.0 and upper value not more than 8.5. c. Temperature; Shall not be increased more than ten degrees '• ' F (10°F), after reasonable'mixing, above the natural pre- vailing background temperatures, nor exceed a maximum of 93° F. . d. Specific Conductance; There shall be no substances added to increase the conductivity above 1000 micromhos/cm for fresh water streams. .c. Dissolved Solids;' There shall be no substances added to the waters to cause- the dissolved solids to exceed 750 mg/1 as a monthly average value, nor exceed 1500 mg/1 at any time. 6. NAVIGATION & UTILITY USE: Waters in this classification will be suitable for navigation, survival of fish and any other use.except source of potable water'supply, fish and wildlife propagation, recreational activities, including water contact sports, agricultural irri- gation and livestock watering. ------- a. Dissolved Oxygen: There shall be no oxygen demanding sub- stances added which will depress the dissolved oxygen con- tent below 3.0 mg/1. b. j>H; The pH shall not be caused to vary more than 1.5 unit above or be.low;.the normal pH of the waters and lower value shall not be less than 5.0 and upper value not more than 9.5. c. Temperature: Shall not be increased more than ten degrees F (10°F), after reasonable mixing, above the natural pre- vailing background temperatures, nor exceed a maximum of 950F. <*• Specific Conductance; There shall be no substances added to increase the conductivity above 1500 micromhos/cin for fresh water streams. e. Dissolved Solids: There shall be no substances added to the waters to cause the dissolved solids to exceed 1000 mg/1 as-a monthly average value, nor exceed 2000 mg/1 at •any time. ------- APPENDIX D REFUSE ACT PERMIT APPLICATION ------- FORM APPROVED OMB NO. 49-R 0400 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE OR WORK IN NAVIGABLE WATERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES SECTION I. GENERAL INFORMATION 1. State Application Number (to be assigned by Corps of Engineers) Div. Dist. Type Sequence No. 2. Name of applicant and title of signing official 3. Mailing address of applicant 4. Name, address, telephone number and title of applicant's authorized agent for permit application coordination and correspondence. NOTE TO APPLICANT: Refer to the pamphlet entitled "Permits for Work and Structures in and for Discharges or Deposits into Navigable Waters" before attempting to complete this form. lired Information All information contained in this application will, upon request, be made available to the public for inspection and copying. A separate sheet . entitled "Confidential Answers" must be used to set out information which is considered by the applicant to constitute trade secrets or com- mercial or financial information of a confidential nature. The information must clearly indicate the item number to which it applies. Con- fidential treatment can be considered only for that information for which a specific written request of confidentiality has been made on the attached sheet. However, in no event will identification of the contents and frequency of a discharge be recognized as confidential or privileged information. b. The applicant shall furnish such supplementary information as is required by the District Engineer in order to evaluate fully an application. c. If additional space is needed for a complete response to any item on this form, attach a sheet entitled "Additional Information." Indicate on that sheet the item numbers to which answers apply. d. Drawings required by items 20 and 21 should be attached to this application. Other papers which must be attached to this application include, • • if applicable, copies of a water quality certification or a written communication which describes water quality impact (sec Item 22 and Item. 10 .. of Section II below), the additional information sheet(s) in "c" above, and the confidential information sheet described in "a" above. Fees If any discharge or deposit is involved, an application fee of $100 must be submitted with this application. An additional $50 is required for each additional point of discharge or deposit. Signature a. If a discharge is involved, an application submitted by a corporation must be signed by the principal executive officer of that corporation or by an official of the rank of corporate vice president or above who reports directly to such principal executive officer and who has been designated by the principal executive officer to make such applications on behalf of the corporation. In the case of a partnership or a sole proprietorship, the application must be signed by a general partner or the proprietor. Other signature requirements are discussed in the pamphlet. b. If no discharge is involved, an application may be signed by the applicant or his authorized acjoni. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the activities described herein. I certify that I am familiar with the information contained in this application, and that to the best of my knowledge and belief such information is true, complete, and accurate. 18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Signature of Applicant Whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States knowingly and wilfully falsifies, conceals or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact, or makes any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations, or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry, shall be fined not more than $10.000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. Acronym name of applicant Date received, form not complete — — — Date received, form complete but without certificate Date received, form complete — — — — — Date of CertVLtr. — — day rr.o yr FOR CORPS OF ENGINEERS USE ONLY Arc discharge structures Minor? ' Major? N/A? Date sent to EPA, form not complete — Date sent to EPA. WOAA, D/l. AEC, FPC in complete form — — day mo yr ENG FORM Pane 1 of 3 ------- 5. Date mo day yr (Office use only) -heck type of application: a. Original b. Revision D 7. Number of original application 8. Name of facility where discharge or construction will occur. 9. Full mailing address of facility named in item 8 above. 10. Names and mailing addresses of all adjoining property owners whose property also adjoins the waterway. 11. Check to indicate tho nature of the proposed activity: a. Dredging [ [ b. Construction [ [ _ _ c. Construction with Discharge [ [ b. Discharge only I If activity is temporary in nature, estimate its duration in months. If application is for a discharge: 1 3. List, intake sources Source Municipal or private water supply system . Surface water body . Ground water • Other 14. Describe water usage within the plant Type Cooling water Boiler Feed water Process water Sanitary system* Other 15. List volume of discharges or losses other than into navigable waters. Type . . ' Municipal waste treatment system Surface containment Underground disposal Waste Acceptance firms Evaporation Consumption Estimated Volume in Million Gallons Per day or Fraction Thereof Estimated Volume in Million Gallons Per day or Fraction Thereof Estimated Volume in Million Gallons Per day or Fraction Thereof • Indicate number employees served per day 4345 Page 2 of 3 ------- If structures exist, or dredging, filling or other construction will occur, the precise location of the activity must be described. (Office use only) Name the corporate boundaries within which the structures exist or the activity will occur. State County City or Town 16. 17. 18. b. Name of waterway at the location of the activity 19.- 20. Maps and sketches which show the location and character of each structure or activity, including any and all outfall devices, dispersive devices, and non-structural points of discharge, must be attached to this application. 21. For construction or work in navigable waters for which a separate permit is sought under 33 U.S.C. 403, the character of each structure must bo fully shown on detailed plans to be submitted with this application. Note on the drawings those structures for which separate discharge informa- tion (Section II of this form) has been submitted. 22. List all approvals or denials granted by Federal, interstate. State or local agencies for any structures, construction, discharges or deposits described in this application. Type of document Id. No. Date Issuing Agency ..Check if facility existed or was lawfully under construction prior- to April 3.1970. •• ' I I "24. If dredging or filling will occur: Stato the type of materials involved, their volume in cubic yards, and the proposed method of measurement. 25. Describe tho proposed method of instrumentation which will be used to measure the volume of any solids which may be deposited and to determine its effect upon the waterway. 26. State rates and periods of deposition described in Item 25. 4345 Page 3 of 3 MAY 71 U. S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OH-ICE • 1171 O . «1 - 274 ------- SECTION II. PLANT PROCESS AND DISCHARGE DESCRIPTION 1. Discharge described below is "•resent . , b. Proposed new , I or changed 2. Implementation schedule D (Office use only) Name of corporate boundaries within which the point of discharge is located. State County City or Town 6. Discharge Serial No. State the precise location of the point of discharge. 7. Latitude Degrees; Min; Sec. 8. Longitude Degrees; Min; Sec. 9. Name of waterway at the point of discharge. 10. Has application for water quality certification or description of impact been made? If so, give date: Date Check if certificate I I Name Issuing Agency Check if certificate is attached to form mo day yr 11. Narrative description of activity (include terms of general 4-digit Standard Industrial Classification, and specific manufacturing process). 12. Standaid industrial classification number. 13. Principal product. 14. Amount of principal product produced per day. 15. Principal raw material. 16. Amount of principal raw material ' consumed per day.' 17. Number of batch discharges per day. 18. Average gallons per batch discharge. 19. Date discharge began. day 20. Date discharge will begin. mo day 21. Describe waste abatement practices. ENG FORM MAY 71 Page 1 of 5 ------- 22. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE Parameter and (Code) Flow (Gallons per day) 00056 pH 00400 Temperature (Winter) (°F) 74028 Temperature (Summer) (°F| 74027 23. DISCHARGE CONTENTS PARAMETER PARAMETER PARAMETER ui V) Ml DC CL I- Ul Color 00080 Aluminum 01105 Nickel 01067 Turliidity 00070 Antimony 01097 Selenium 01147 Radioactivity. 74050 Arsenic 01002 Silver 01077 Hardness 00900 Beryllium 01012 Potassium 00937 Solids 00500 Barium 01007 Sodium 00929 Ammonia 00610 Boron 01022 Titanium 01152 Organic Nitrogen 00605 Cadmium 01027 Tin 01102 Nitrate 00620 Calcium 00916 Zinc 01092 Nitrite 00615 Cobalt 01037 Algicides 74051 Phosphorus 00665 Chromium 01034 Oil and Grease 00550 Sulfate 00945 Copper 01042 Phenols 32730 Sulficle 00745 Iron 01045 Surfactants 382GO Sulfite 00740 Lead 01051 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 74052 Bromide •q .ide 00940 Magnesium 00927 Pesticides 74053 Manganese 01055 ,' Fecal Streptococci Bacteria 74054 Cyanide 00720 Mercury 71900 Coliform Bacteria 74056 Fluoride 00951 Molybdenum 010C2 ENG FORM _ r MAY 71 1345- Page 2 of ------- 24a. Have all known hazardous or potentially hazardous substances in your plant been inventoried? n YM n N° . ,. If yes. have steps been taken to insure that there exists no possibility of any such known hazardous or potentially hazardous substance entering this discharge? Yes D No 25. Remarks. The information above completes the basic reporting requirements which are required of all applicants. Those applicants whose discharge results from an activity included within any of the Standard Industrial Classification Code (SIC Code) categories listed below must complete Part A of this form as well. SIC 098 SIC 10-14 SIC 201 SIC 202 SIC 203 SIC 2031. 2036 SIC • 204 SIC 206 SIC 207 SIC 208 SIC 209 SIC 22 SIC 23 SIC 242 SIC 2432 SIC 2491 SIC 26 SIC 281 SIC 2818 SIC 282 Sir 283 284 FISH HATCHERIES. FARMS. AND PRESERVES DIVISION B - MINING MEAT PRODUCTS DAIRY PRODUCTS CANNED PRESERVED FRUITS. VEGETABLES (EXCEPT SEAFOODS. SIC 2031 AND 2036) CANNED AND CURED FISH AND SEAFOODS; FRESH OR FROZEN PACKAGED FISH AND SEAFOpDS GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS SUGAR CONFECTIONARY AND RELATED PRODUCTS BEVERAGES MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATIONS AND KINDRED PRODUCTS f: • TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED PRODUCTS MADE FROM FABRICS AND SIMILAR MATERIALS SAWMILLS AND PLANING MILLS VENEER AND PLYWOOD WOOD PRESERVING PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMICALS (EXCEPT SIC 2818) INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEfvliCALS PLASTICS MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC RESINS. SYNTHETIC RUBBER. SYNTHETIC AND OTHER JV1AN-MADE FIBERS. EXCEPT GLASS DRUGS SOAP. DETERGENTS. AND CLEANING PREP- ARATIONS. PERFUMES. COSMETICS. AND OTHER TOILET PREPARATIONS CRITICAL INDUSTRIAL GROUPS SIC 285 PAINTS, VARNISHES. LACQUERS. ENAMELS. AND ALLIED PRODUCTS SIC 2871 FERTILIZERS SIC 2879 AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES. AND OTHER AGRI- CULTURAL CHEMICALS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 2891 ADHESIVES AND GELATIN SIC 2892 EXPLOSIVES SIC 29 PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES • . SIC 3011. TIRES AND INNER TUBES: FABRICATED RUBBER 3069 PRODUCTS. NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED SIC 3079. MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS SIC 311 LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING SIC 32 STONE. CLAY. GLASS. AND CONCRETE PRODUCTS SIC 331 BLAST FURNACES. STEEL WORKS. AND ROLLING •'" ' AND FINISHING MILLS ' •--.-. SIC 332 IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES SIC 333. PRIMARY SMELTING AND REFINING OF NON- 334 FERROUS METALS; SECONDARY SMELTING AND REFINING OF NONFERROUS METALS SIC 336 NONFERROUS FOUNDRIES SIC 347 COATING, ENGRAVING, AND ALLIED SERVICES SIC 35 MACHINERY. EXCEPT ELECTRICAL SIC 36 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. EQUIPMENT. AND SUPPLIES SIC 37 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT (EXCEPT SHIP BUILDING AND REPAIRING. SIC 3731) SIC 3731 SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIRING SIC 491 ELECTRIC COMPANIES AND SYSTEMS SIC 493 COMBINATION COMPANIES AND SYSTEMS ENG FORM .,,.. , MAY 71 4345-1 Page 3 of 5 ------- PART A : Submission of Part A is required of all applicants whose processes are listed on page 3 above.) (Office use only) Discharge Serial No. INFORMATION REQUIRED OF SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Intake Discharge PARAMETER AND CODE ALKALINITY (asCaCO-j) 00410 B.O.D. 5-DAY 00310 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (C.O.D.) r -0 »_.AL SOLIDS 00500 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 70300 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS 00530 TOTAL VOLATILE SOLIDS 00505 AMMONIA (asN) 00810 KJELDAHL NITROGEN 00625 NITRATE (asN) PHOSPHORUS TOTAL (asP) OOG65 ENG FORM MAY 71 Page 4 of 5 ------- TABLE A Guide for Completion of Part A PARAMETER & UNITS ALKALINITY AS Ca CO3 Mg/liter B.O.D. 5-DAY Mg/litcr CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (C.O.D.) Mg/liter TOTAL SOLIDS Mg/litcr L DISSOLVED ERABLE) SOLIDS Mg/liter TOTAL SUSPENDED (NON-FILTERABLE) SOLIDS Mg/liter TOTAL VOLATILE SOLIDS Mg/hter AMMONIA (asN) Mg/litcr KJELDAHL NITROGEN Mg/liter NITRATE (asN) Mg/litcr lol'AL PHOSPHORUS (asP) Mg/liter METHOD ELECTROMETRIC TITRATION TECHNICON METHYL ORANGE.METHOD MODIFIED WINKLER METHOD OR PROBE METHOD DICHROMATE REFLUX METHOD GRAVIMETRIC, 105°C. METHOD GLASS FIBER FILTRATION METHOD, 180°C. GLASS FIBER FILTRATION METHOD, 103-105°C. GRAVIMETRIC METHOD 550°C. DISTILLATION-NESSLERIZATION METHOD OR TECHNICON-DIGESTION & PHENOLATE METHOD DIGESTION-DISTILLATION METHOD OR TECHNICON-DIGESTION & PHENOLATE METHOD BRUCINE SULFATE METHOD OR TECHNICON-HYDRAZINE REDUCTION METHOD PERSULFATE DIGESTION «• SINGLE REAGENT METHOD OR ' TECHNICON-MANUAL DIGESTION & SINGLE REAGENT OR STANNOUS CHLORIDE REFERENCES STANDARD METHODS 13TH ED. 1971 p. 370 p. 489 p. 495 p. 535 'p. 539 ' p. 537 p. 536 p. 453 p. 469 p. 461 p. 526 A.S.T.M. STANDARDS Pt. 23 1970 p. 154 p. 712 - - - - - - - - - W.Q.O. METHODS 1971 P. 6 p. 15 p. 17 p. 280 p. 275 p. 278 p. 282 • p. 134 p. 149 p. 170 p. 235 SIGNIFICANCE IN REPORTING DATA X. X. X. X. X. ' X. X. .XX .XX .XX .XX ENGFORM .0/,r , MAY 71 4345-1 U. S. COV! UiNMhNT PIIIMINR OH-ICK 1171 O - «7-27 Page 5 of 5 ------- PART B DISCHARGE DESCRIPTION (Note: Submission of Part B is required of all applicants who are i required to submit Part A. Only those parameters specifically Bleated in the Instructions are to bo reported by a particular industry) (Office use only) Discharge Serial No. B-1. PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE (See Table B-1) Intake Discharge PARAMETER AND CODE COLOR 00080 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE 00095 'RBIDITY J70 FECAL STREPTOCOCCI BACTERIA 74054 FECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA 74055 TOTAL COLIFORM BACTERIA 74056 ENG FORM JUN 71 4345-1 PUSH IB of 7 ------- PARTB (Office use only) Discharge Serial No. B-2. CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE (See Table B-2) Intake Discharge PARAMETER AND CODE (11) ACIDITY (as CaCO3) 00435 TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (T.O.C.) OOG80 /TAL HARDNESS 00900. NITRITE (as N) 00615 ORGANIC NITROGEN 00605 PHQSPHORUS-ORTHO (as P') 70507 SULFATE 00945 SULFIDE 00745 SULFITE 10740 BROMIDE 71870 ENG FORM JUN71 Pago 2B of 7 ------- PARTB (Office use only) Discharge Serial No. B-2. (cont.) CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE (See Table B-2) PARAMETER AND CODE CHLORIDE 00940 CYANIDE 00720 IORIDE J51. ALUMINUM-TOTAL 01105 ANTIMONY-TOTAL 01097 ARSENIC-TOTAL 01002 BARIUM-TOTAL 01007 BERYLLIUM-TOTAL 01012 BORON-TOTAL 01022 CADMIUM-TOTAL 01027 ENG FORM JUN71 Pooo 3D of 7 ------- PARTS (Office »i« only) Discharge Serial No. B-2. (cont.) CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE (See Table B-2) Intake PARAMETER AND CODE (1) (11) CALCIUM-TOTAL 00916 CHROMIUM-TOTAL 01034 ALT-TOTAL 01C37 COPPER-TOTAL 01042 IRON-TOTAL 01045 LEAD-TOTAL 01051 MAGNESIUM-TOTAL 00927 MANGANESE-TOTAL 01055 MERCURY-TOTAL —«JOO MOLYBDENUM-TOTAL 01062 ENG FORM JUN 71 Pago 4B of 7 ------- PARTS (Office use only) Discharge Serial No. B-2. (cont.) CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE (See Table B-2) Intake Discharge PARAMETER AND CODE (9) (10) (11) NICKEL-TOTAL 01067 POTASSIUM-TOTAL 00937 ocLENIUM-TOTAL 01147 SILVER-TOTAL 01077 SODIUM-TOTAL 00929 THALLIUM-TOTAL 01059 TIN-TOTAL 01102 TITANIUM-TOTAL 01152 ZINC-TOTAL 092 OIL AND GREASE 00550 ENG FORM JUN71 4345-1 Paqo 03 of 7 ------- PARTS (Office use only) Discharge Serial No. B-2. (cont.) CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE (See Table B-2) PARAMETER AND CODE PHENOLS 32730 SURFACTANTS 38260 5ICIDES* ,4051 CHLORINATED HYDRO- CARBONS" (EXCEPT PESTICIDES) 74052 PESTICIDES" 74033 •Name specific compounds) end fill in Iho required data for ccch. Use extra blanks at tha end of the form ond the "Remarks" space as necessary. ENG FORM JUN71 Pago 6B of 7 ------- PARTS (Office use only) Discharge Serial No. B-3. RADIOACTIVE PARAMETERS OF INTAKE WATER AND DISCHARGE (See Table B-3) Intake Discharge PARAMETER AND CODE ID (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ALPHA-TOTAL 01501 ALPHA COUNTING ERROR 01502 BETA-TOTAL 03501 .TA COUNTING ERROR 03502 GAMMA-TOTAL 05501 GAMMA COUNTING ERROR 05502 TRITIUM-TOTAL 07000 TRITIUM COUNTING ERROR 07001 B-4. REMARKS ENG FORM JUN 71 Pooo 7B of 7 ------- APPENDIX E TENNESSEE DISCHARGE PERMIT REQUIREMENTS ------- TENNESSEE STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL LAW (Extracts) Tennessee Code Annotated - Sections 70-301 - 70-319 Sec. 70-305. Applications received and permits issued for dis- charge of wastes. - It shall be the duty of the board and it shall have authority to receive and examine applications, plans, specifications and other data and to issue permits for the discharge of 'sewage, industrial wastes, and other wastes into or adjacent to the waters of the state, stip- ulating in each permit the conditions under which, and the time during which, such discharge may be permitted. (Acts 1945, ch. 128, § 3; C.Supp. 1950, § 5749.3.) GENERAL REGULATIONS Tennessee Stream Pollution Control. Board PERMITS TO DISCHARGE SEWAGE INDUSTRIAL WASTES OR OTHER WASTE (a) Application for Permit - Any person planning or construct- ing any new works .whereby sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes. may be discharged into or adjacent to any waters of the State shall make written application to the Tennessee Department of Public Health for permit to discharge such sewage or waste. Such application shall be on forms furnished by the Department and should be filed at the time complete plans and specifications are submitted but may be sub- mitted 30 days or more prior to the time it is desired to begin the discharge of sewage or wastes and such discharge shall not be started until written permit is received. All persons responsible for existing works which discharge sewage, industrial wastes or other waste into or adjacent to waters of the State shall file, prior to October 1, 1951, an applicarion for permit to continue to discharge such waste. These applications shall be made on forms furnished by the Department and will be filed in the same manner as specified for new works. (b) Issuance of Permits - Applications for permits will be re- viewed together with operation records, plans and specifications or ------- other data submitted by the person making such application or which may be requested by the Department to ascertain the effect of such sewage or waste upon the waters into which discharged. Each per- mit issued shall stipulate the conditions under which and the time during which such discharge may be permitted. All permits must be signed by the Commissioner of Public Health and Director of the Division of Stream Pollution Control. Provided, however, that a tolerance permit may be issued in cases where the pollution is not immediately dangerous to health, and will not prevent reasonable use of the water by other riparian owners, and cannot be immediately corrected on a temporary or per- manent basis by any means short of stopping the operation of a pub- lic service or industry. Before any such tolerance permit is issued to allow time for correction, the person responsible for such pollu- tion must file a statement with the Department indicating that work will be started immediately to correct the condition and continued according to a specified schedule until completed. Any such tolerance permits issued will be reported to the Board at the next meeting. (c) Revocation of Permits - All permits shall be revocable or Subject to modification and change indicated by operation records, investigations or by other information regarding the works or the rec.ei\ing waters. All permits shall automatically terminate at the end of'the period specified in such permit, or, if no time is speci- fied in the permit, it nay be terminated by written notice served on the person responsible for such works. The right to discharge any sewage, industrial wastes or other waste into any waters of the State shall cease and terminate after the expiration date of any permit or 30 days after the mailing of notice of revocation of permit, and the prohibition of Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 70-301 through 30-319 against such discharge shall be in full force, as 'though no permit had been granted, but a new permit may thereafter again be granted as here- inbefore provided. No works for which a permit has been granted shall be added to, modified or altered, nor shall such sewage or wastes be materially increased or changed in character without first having re- ceived approval and permit from the Department. ------- APPENDIX F ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE SUMMARY ------- SUMMARY OF CONFERENCE . POLLUTION OF INTERSTATE WATERS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES (ARKANSAS- LOUISIANA-MISSISSIPPI-TENNESSEE) MAY 5-6, 1964 The Lower Mississippi River, as defined for this conference, begins at the northern border of Arkansas and flows southwards for 912 miles into the Gulf of Mexico. For all but the last 303 miles of this distance, the River forms the boundary between the States of Tennessee and Mississippi on the left bank, and Arkansas and Louisiana on the right bank. On the basis of reports surveys, or studies, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, having reason to believe that pollution of the Mississippi River was responsible for recent fish kills and was endangering ; the health or welfare of persons in States other than i\^ze in which the discharges originate, called a conference in the matter of pollution of the interstate waters of the Lower Mississippi River. The conference was held on May 5 and 6, 1964, in the Federal Office Building, New Orleans, Louisiana. The following conferees, representing the State water pollution control agencies of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee and the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare attended the Conference: Marvin Wood Director, Arkansas-Water Pollution Control Commission Little Rock, Arkansas Edward A. Alba res Chairman, Arkansas Water Pollution Control Commission ------- z. .Richard N. Deed Robert A. Lafleur John E. .Trygg J. E. Johnston S. Leary Jones Jcrmone Svore Murray Stein, Chairman Vice Chairman, Arkansas Water Pollution Control Commission Little Rock, Arkansas Executive Secretary, Louisiana Stream Control Commission Baton Rouge, Louisiana m Director, Division of Public Health . Engineering, Louisiana State Board of Health New Orleans, Louisiana Director, Sanitary Engineering Mississippi State Board of Health Jackson, Mississippi Executive Secretary, Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board Nashville, Tennessee . Regional Program Director Division of Waver Supply and Pollution Control Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Dallas, Texas Chief, Enforcement Branch Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Washington, D. C: The following also participated in the conference; Robert J. Anderson K. E. Biglane Edwin C. Boudreaux Dr. Andrew W. Breidenbach Richard Carlton U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. Public Health Service Washington, D. C. Food and Drug Administration Public Health Service Washington, D. C. Louisiana Department of Agriculture Baton Rouge, Louisiana ------- 3. Grover C. Dowell Dr. Denzel E. Ferguson Dr. Alfred R. Grzenda Eugene H. Holeman Dr. R..E. Johnson Francis W. Kittrell Keith S. Krause Lloyd L. Laud en Bernard Lorant Jack Lowe Suniner H. McAllister Dr. Fred P. Meyer Dr. Donald Mount Dr. L. D. Newsom Walter K. Porter, Jr. Dr. Mary Schacfer University of Arkansas Extension Service Little Rock, Arkansas Mississippi State University Starkville, Mississippi Public Health Service Atlanta, Georgia Tennessee Department of Agriculture Nashville, Tennessee U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. Public Health Service 'Cincinnati, Ohio Public Health Service Washington, D. C. American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A. Inc New Orleans, o_,ouisiana Velsicol Chemical Corporation Chicago, Illinois Bureau of Commercial Fisheries U.S. Department of the Interior Pensacola, Florida Agricultural Chemicals Division Shell Chemical Company New York, New York Fish Farming Experimental Station Stuttgart, Arkansas Public'Health Service Cincinnati, Ohio Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station Stoncville, Mississippi Public Health Service Cincinnati, Ohio ------- 4. Dr. Lyle S. St. Amant ' Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission Baton Rouge, Louisiana John M.. Stubbs Tennessee Fish & Game Commission Nashville, Tennessee Dr. Clarence M. Tarzwell Public Health Service Cincinnati, Ohio The Chairman of the conference pointed out that: 1. Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S. C. 466 et seq.) pollution of interstate waters which endangers the health or welfare of persons in a State or States other than that in which the discharges originate is subject to abatement under procedures described in section 8 of the Federal Act. 2. The first step of these procedxires is the calling of a conference. 3. The purpose of the conference is to bring the States and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare together to review the i * existing situation and progress made, to lay a basis for futxire action .by all parties concerned, and to give the States and localities an opportunity to take any remedial1 action which may be indicated » " • under State and local law. 4. The area considered by the conference may be expanded, in further sessions, to include States along the Mississippi which may be contributing to pollution problems in the present conference area. The conferees reached the following conclusions; 1. The Mississippi River, in the area covered by this conference, is an interstate waterway, within the definition of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and a navigable stream. ------- 5. 2. The conferees representing the States of Louisiana, Mississippi, and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare concluded that the pesticide Endrin was responsible for the fish kill in the Mississippi 4* and Atchafalaya Rivers, in Louisiana, during the fall and winter of 1963-64. The conferee representing Arkansas stated that Endrin. was at least a contributing factor. The conferee representing Tennessee stated that other factors might also be present. J_/ 3. Industrial wastes and drainage from contaminated areas in and near Memphis, Tennessee, are sources of the discharge of Endrin into the Mississippi. 4. The available cl^.ta demonstrate that soui't^a, not yet identirioJ, ol'.ier than those in the Memphis area, may contribute to the Endrin found in the Lower Mississippi drainage area. These other sources must be identified through further study. 5. The presence of minute concentrations of Endrin in the 'treated water supply of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and New Orleans, Louisiana, is a matter of concern. While acute effects on humans of this pecticide in water have not been detected, the effects of continued ingestion of even these rninute quantities must be evaluated. 6. Discharge of Endrin into the Mississippi River from sources outside Louisiana appear to constitute pollution within the meaning of the • Federal Water Pollution Control Act. I/ (see page 6) ------- 6. I/ • The Tennessee conferee wished to include in this conclusion a fuller description of the Mississippi fish kills, as follows; "There were two type of fish kills occurring in Louisiana. One was the type of fish kill which caused immediate 'death to fish and was noted after the application of Endrin, and the other was an a typical type of fish kill and a species - preferential type of die-off. This did not extend out into the Gulf of Mexico, ! and presumably.does not refer to the menhaden fish." 7. Discharges of sewage and industrial wastes reaching the . Mississippi River may also cause pollution of an interstate nature, and may require further study. (The Tennessee conferee did not concur.) In any further'study performed, consideration should be given to extending the area of jurisdiction to upstream States from which discharges into the Mississippi -may be affecting-water-quality in the conference area. Studies of pollution in tributaries to the Mississippi will commence at the conflxience ot tnesc tributaries with the main stem and will proceed upstream only if significant pollution is found to affect the main stem. The conferees 'unanimously recommended that: 1. Known sources of Endrin discharges from industry, land drainage, and mud deposits be brought under control immediately. 2. Other sources of Endrin pollution be identified and brought under control as soon as possible. 3. A technical committee composed of the conferees or their designecs be established, to direct and advise in the identification and abatement of all soxirc.es of pollution affecting the main stem of ------- 7. the Lower Mississippi. The Department of Health, Education,, and Welfare will participate and aid in the investigatory project. 4. A progress report be prepared within one year from the issuance of this summary. 5. The Department of Health, Education, and \Velf are prepare, at the request of the State of Louisiana and for the benefit of other • interested agencies, a preliminary report on progress made to abate pollution of the Mississippi'between now and the low-flow month (August) of 1964, and anticipated Endrin loads at that time. 6. The conference be reconvened at the call of the Chairman, if the technical committee so recommends. ------- |