NEIC
REPORT ON DADE COUNTY
INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCES
INVENTORY AND EVALUATION
•:"-7rv^
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Enforcement
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REPORT ON DADE COUNTY
INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCES
INVENTORY AND EVALUATION
Environmental Protection Agency
Water Quality Office
Division of Field Investigations - Denver Center
Denver, Colorado
March 1971
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
LIST OF TABLES ii
LIST OF FIGURES Ill
INTRODUCTION 1
SUlCtARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2
RECOIEIENDATIOHS 3
INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCE EVALUATION 4
Survey Methods 4
Findings 6
BIBLIOGRAPHY 13
APPENDICE
Appendix 1, Rule 7, "Regulation of tlie Use of Sanitary
and Storm Sewers and the Discharge of Waters arid
Wastes into Utilities' Sewerage Systens."
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LIST OF TABLES
Following
No. Title Page No.
1 SIGNIFICANT INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER SOURCES,
DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA 13
2 INDUSTRIES CURRENTLY UNDER ENFORCEMENT ACTION 13
ii
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LIST OF FIGURES
Following
No. Title Page No.
1 LOCATION MAP, DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA 13
iii
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INTRODUCTION
During July, 1970, the Governor of Florida requested assistance of
the Federal Water Quality Administration in evaluating water-quality
problems in Dade County, Florida. On October 22, 1970, the first Dade
County Enforcement Conference was held.
One of the requirements which resulted from the Dade County
Enforcement Conference was that an inventory of industrial wastewater
sources within Dade County, Florida be compiled. Recommendations No.
10 of the "Conclusions and Recommendations of the Federal-State Conferees,
Dade County Enforcement Conference" reads, in part:
"..An inventory of all municipal and industrial waste sources
within Dade County, Florida, shall be initiated immediately
by the Federal Water Quality Administration in cooperation
with the State of Florida and local officials. A report
shall be made to the Conferees by April 1, 1971."
This report presents the results of the industrial wastewater inventory.
The inventory data were collected during the period November 28,
1970 through February 1, 1971.
The cooperation and assistance provided by the State and local
water-pollution control authorities were instrumental to the success
of this waste-source inventory and evaluation. Grateful acknowledge-
ment is also due numerous industry officials and the various water-
department officials who cooperated in providing information and
water-use data.
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Few industries discharge wastewater directly into streams or
canals in Dade County. Of 89 industries having significant wastewater
discharges, only 15 discharge into water courses. This includes
two soft-drink processors and a paper mill which are in the process
of correcting their pollution problems. Most of the others are located
on Miami International Airport and discharge acids, caustic, and solvents
associated with aircraft painting, stripping, and cleaning into canals
which empty into the Miami River. These canals cross the recharge
area for the Miami Springs-Hialeah well field, the main water supply
for Miami. The pollutants discharged to these canals represents a potential
hazard to the Miami water supply.
Of the remaining industries, a total of 38 discharge their Industrial
wastewater into domestic sewer systems. Some of the wastewater entering
che domestic sewers contains heavy metals in concentrations which exceed
the criteria established by Rule 7 of the Dade County Commissioners,
"Regulation of the Use of Sanitary and Storm Sewers, and the Discharge
of Waters and Wastes into Utilities' Sewerage Systems."
A total of 36 industries discharge wastewater, often containing
toxic compounds, into "dry wells", and are therefore a source of
pollution to the ground-water aquifer underlying Dade County. This
type of wastewater disposal is used extensively in and around Hialeah,
in the recharge area for the Iliami Springs-Hialeah well field, the
source of domestic water for much of Dade County.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Most of the industrial wastewaters which are discharged directly
to a water course are from the Miami International and Opa Locka
Airports, which are located on lands controlled by the Dade County
Port Authority (DCPA). The DCPA has the authority required to eliminate
the pollution from these industries. It is recommended that the
wastewater effluent from Miami Aviation Corporation, located on
Opa Locka Airport, be discharged into the sanitary sewer system,
instead of the storm drain.
Miami International Airport has the greatest concentration of
Industrial activity in Dade County. Wastewater from these industries
should receive treatment prior to being discharged into the sanitary
sewer. To achieve greater pollution control and to reduce construction
and operation costs, it is recommended that DCPA build one induetrial-
was tewater collection and treatment facility, rather than having
each industry construct and operate individual treatment facilities.
DCPA must prohibit surface and subsurface discharges of untreated
or inadequately treated wastewaters.
Several industries throughout Dade County discharge toxic materials
directly into sewers with no pretreatment. Rule 7, adopted June
20, 1966 by the Dade County Commissioners, establishes maximum effluent
concentrations of toxic materials and provides a mechanism whereby
operators of wastewater treatment plants may require operational
data from industries discharging into municipal sewers. It is recommended
that the treatment plant operators utilize Rule 7 to obtain needed
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information, and to prevent tiic discharge of harmful levels of
industrial waste witaout adequate pretreatment. Violations of Rule 7
must be reported to the Dade County Mr and i.'ater Pollution Control
ISoard for prosectuion.
The practice o£ discharging industrial wastes, especially toxic
-.:astes, into ground water is dangerous, wasteful, and must be discon-
tinued, to protect the aquifer. It is recommended that the remaining,
uiisewerod portions of Cade County be severed at the earliest possible
time. After the severs arc constructed, pretreatnent of industrial
uastes which are not amenable to treatment by domestic waste-treatment
processes will be required.
Sampling is recommended at industries which discharge to ground
water. The recommended sampling also includes domestic water-supply
uclls, to provide infomation on the prevalence of ground-water pollu-
tion, and a United sround-v.-ater survey in Cue area of toxic discharges,
to provide data on the fate of toxics in the aquifer.
negulation-i of the Fiorina Department of Mr and Uater Pollution
Control provide a mechanism whereby permits muat DC obtained for
all discharges to the ground-water mass. As a requisite for suc.i
a permit, data is required on nearby wells and tue quality of the
wastewater. These regulations car. do nucn to prevent pollution of
tiie valuable Biscayr.e Aquifer, and must be enforced.
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Il.DlSTKIAL WASTE SOURCE LVAL'JATIP"
Survey Methods
A list of over l.GliG Dadc County industries was drvaloped fron
sources such as c-.anufacturing indicics and city directories. ("in
the basib of industry type, this list v:as reduced to 583 industries
which could be expected to be significant sources of industrial vastc.
T.iis list was furtucr reduced turougu telephone interviews,
during v/iich inforr.ation was obtained on the type and size of the
industry, wastewater types, receiving waters, etc. On the basio
of these interview's, field inspections were conducted at 233 industries.
The local pollution-control aeer.cies provided valuable assistance
in the compilation of this reduced list. T.ic various water departments
in Lade County were contactcu to obtain water-use information and
to insure t..at tae major water users were included on the list.
Owners, plant managers, and other con-any officials were visited,
to outain information on t.ic oricln, tyne, and disposal of vastevaters'
plant processes; vater supply, and wasccvater Duality. Where applicable,
P.v'QA Forn 120, "Report of Industrial l.'abte l.'ater i-lsposal", v/as completed.
Also, where applicaule, a tour of the plant i:,i3 rcquestea and generally
pernitted oy the industry. An inspection report was prepared on each
industry which discharged significant industrial wastevater, and on
those industries -./hicu had been listed as pollution sources by local
pollution-control authorities. A total of 95 inspection reports '/ere
prepared. These reports are contained in an appendix entitled "?.e-ort
on 3ade County Industrial i.'aste Sources Inventory and Lvaluation-
Technicnl Appendix".
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No discharges were sampled during this survey. The engineers
prepared a list of industries which should be sampled, and provided
information on sampling sites and parameters of concern.
Findings
Industrial activity in Dade County consists largely of small shops
engaged in light industry such as plastics fabricating and metal
plating. A major portion of the Dade County industrial activity
is on or near Miami International Airport, and supports this major
center of air commerce, through aircraft service, repair, and rehabili-
tation.
Table 1 provides information on the major sources of industrial
wastewater throughout Dade County. The information on this table
was derived from plant investigations, local water and wastewater
plants, and files of local water-pollution control agencies. Water
use figures reflect mean usage within the past two to four months.
Abatement actions are pending against several industries because
of the discharge of untreated or poorly treated industrial wastes.
Tnese actions have been taken under the 1899 Refuse Act and local
pollution-control regulations. The companies are listed on Table
2, with the status of corrective measures. Most of the industries
have acted to correct the problem. The exceptions are the various
aircraft service companies located on Miami International Airport.
(2)
Available data indicate that only 28 percent of Dade County
is currently serviced by sewer systems. Almost all industries located
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within range of an existing system discharge their liquid wastes,
both sanitary and industrial, to the sewers. In the case of certain
industries, such as photo processing, the waste is given a preliminary
treatment prior to discharge. Other industries, notably plating
companies, often discharge toxic materials with no pretreatment.
This is in violation of Rule 7, adopted by the Dade County Board
of County Commissioners on June 20, 1966.
Rule 7, attached as Appendix 1, provides limits on the concentration
of toxic materials which may be contained in the plant effluent to
receiving sewers, in the following amounts:
Cyanides 0.01 rag/I
Copper, total 0.05 mg/1
Chromium, hexavalent 0.05 mg/1
Chromium, total 1.0 mg/1
Cadmium 0.5 mg/1
Zinc, total 1.0 mg/1
The Rule also prohibits the discharge of highly-colored waste, and
requires approval of the discharge of significant industrial waste.
Further, the rule requires the submission of data on the composition
of industrial wastewaters. This Rule, which is a valuable water-
pollution control proceedure, is largely ignored by industrial dis-
chargers and operators of domestic wastewater treatment plants.
Industries which discharge wastes into the municipal sewers
are included on Table 1. Many of these are suspected of discharging
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wastes which do not comply with Rule 7. Sampling of the effluents
from these industries is necessary in order to evaluate their impact on
the receiving wastewater treatment plants and their ultimate effect
upon the receiving waters. Companies suspected of discharging wastes
in violation of Rule 7 include: Aluminaire, Inc., American Plating,
Anodyne, Atlas Metal Industries, August Bros. Bakery, Diamond Color
Labs, Far-llac Plating, Inc., Florida Carib Fishery, Inc., Ililler
Industries, Perkins Marine Lamp & Hardware Corp., Southern Plating,
and Super Brand Dairy.
Operational data collected during a parallel municipal waste treatment
inventory indicate that the industrial-waste discharges generally
have not adversely affected the operation of the various wastewater
treatment plants. This is a result of the large quantity of dilution
available in most of the collection systems. The Myrtle Grove treatment
plant inflow has a higher percentage of industrial wastewater than
most of the other plants, and has previously experienced operational
difficulties due to "slug" loads of industrial wastes. These "slugs"
reportedly included milk-processing and metal-plating wastes.
Engineers conducting a parallel municipal waste inventory learned
that a consultant, Precision Analysis, Inc., recently completed a study
of industrial wastewaters discharged to the Myrtle Grove treatment plant.
Attempts to secure a copy of this report were unsuccessful. Data in the
report would be of value to the conferees in evaluating the effect of
industrial wastewater on domestic treatment systems.
Virtually all of Dade County is immediately underlain by the
Biscayne Aquifer, a thick, highly-permeable aquifer consisting of
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limestone and sand. Because of the numerous solution cavities in the
limestone, the aquifer freely transmits water to or from wells, with
almost no filtering action. This aquifer supplies virtually all
domestic and industrial water used in Dade County, and is an extremely
valuable resource which must be protected.
Unfortunately, in the unsevered portion of Dade County, the
standard method of industrial waste disposal is via "dry r'clls" or
"soakage pita" which introduce the uaste, generally untreated, directly
into this valuable and vulnerable aquifer. This practice is especially
dangerous in the case of industries, such as platers, which discharge
long-lived toxic conpounds, zinc, chromium, and cyanide, as the result
of thair industrial activity. Only the large volume of dilution
present in the aquifer has reduced the concentration of toxic materials.
liany water users nay be ingesting lov levels of toxic compounds as.
a result of the use of "dry wells" for disposal of such toxics. This
practice v;as especially comion iu and near Hialeah (Fipure 1) , an
area which recharges the lliani Springs-Hialeah T-/cll field, a major
source of domestic water throughout Dade County. Example industries
include: Acme Plating and Finishing, Airco Plating, Continental
Dumper Plating, London Platers, and Standard Bumper Corp. All industries
which discharge to the Liscayne Aquifer are included on Table 1,
and are identified as discharging to ground water.
During the 1961 "Symposiun on Ground-Water Contamination", V.r. "1. ii.
(4)
Baker,.Jr., of the Florida State Board of Health delivered a paper
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10
whicLi included excerpts fron Chapter XXI of the Florida State Sanitary
Code. This Code required an application for approval for all vaste
discharged to the ground-water mass. The application required informa-
tion on nearby wells, the nature and analysis of the waste, and sucn
additional information as may be required by the State Board of Health.
No waste deemed injurious to the public health could be discharged
to the ground water. Virtually identical provisions are contained in
Chapter 17-3 of the rules of the Departnent of Air and Water Pollution
Control.
During the Industrial Waste Inventory, it was apparent that
the regulations cited in 1CC1 by Ilr. Baker and currently in effect have
been largely ignored with the result that widespread ground-"atcr
contamination has occurred without the control which the regulations
attempt to achieve.
Few industries discnarge wastes directly into the surface waters of
Daiie County. Table 1 includes information on 15 industries which do
discharge to the various rivers and canals. As shown by a comparison
between Table 1 and Table 2, many of the industries discharging to surface
waters are currently under court action for their discharger., ''isiolc
effects on receiving waters resulted from the discharge of:
1. Process wastes from Pepsi-Cola Bottling.
2. Uastewater from the clarifier operated by :.iani Board, SinUin
Industries.
5. Aircraft washing, solvents, and oil fron various aircraft service
organizations on Jliami International Airport.
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Both 1'lami International and Opa Locka Airports are served by
sewers maintained by the Dade County Port Authority. Wastes fron
the llianl International Airport sewer are, in turn, discharged into
ttie i'iarai sewage systen, while v/astes fron Opa LocUa Airport are
treated in an existing treatment plant maintained by the Dade County
Port Authority.
Although bot;i airports are served by sanitary severs, a large
number of airport industries discharge industrial waste, predoninatcly
from aircraft paint stripping and cleaning, into nearby canals. The
pollutants include oil, solvents, acid, caustic, and heavy metals.
These discharges are included in Table 1. Some of the more significant
sources include:
Aerodex
:iodern Air Transport
Airlift, Inc.
Northeast Airlines
Dutler Aviation of Miami, Inc.
Iliami Aviation Corp. (Opa Locka Airport)
Legal action under the Refuse Act has been initiated by tr.e L.3.
Attorney against the first three companies lifted above. Participants
in the inventory observed the discharge of oil and solvents fron Dutler
Aviation of lliami, Inc. and Iiodcrn Air Transports.
Currently, industries at both airports save waste oil in drums,
and depend on local waste-oil reclainers for removal and disposition
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12
of the spent oil. Uccortedly, the oil reclaimers are marginal operations,
and may go out of business. If this occurs, the industries will
not have an acceptable method of disposal for tue large quantities
of waste oil generated. This could be expected to aggravate existing
water-pollution problems associated with the airport industries.
If the reclaimers cease operation, liCPA should investigate tne possibilities
of installing oil-reclanation facilities at the airport.
The discharges of oil, chemicals, and metals fron t'iani Inter-
national Airport are cause for grave concern, not only because of
the effect on the canals and the Lliami River, but also because, as
shown in Figure 1, surface water in these streams is a source of
recharge for the lliarai Sprincs-IIialoah well field, a major source of
domestic water in Dade County. Such pollutants can easily destroy
this valuable aquifer. L;ade County Port Autuority should exercise
its authority as property owner to prevent che discharge of inadequately
created wastes by its tenants, better control, as veil au aconony
of operation, would result if DCPA installed a single industrial
waotcwatcr collection and treatment system.
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BI'JLIOGRAPHY
1. Executive enterprises, Inc., 1370. Metropolitan 'iiani llanufactur-
ing Directory, :iiami.
2. Greeley and llansen - Connell Associates, Inc., January 15, 1971.
Supplement to lietropolitan Dade County 1001 Liaster Plan for Sanitary
Sewerage, Idani.
3. Parker, C. G., G. C. Ferguson, S. K. Love, and others, 1955. iJater
Resources of Southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey i.'ater-
Supply Paper 1255.
4. U.S. Puolic Health Service, 19G1, Proceedings. Syr.nosiun on Ground-
Water Contamination, Cincinnati.
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Table 1.—Significant Industrial Wasteuatur Sources In Ride County, Florida
Industry
tlajor
Product or Service
'tater Use
Type and Amount
Nature of
Waste Discharged Receiving Hater
Present
Treatment
Treatment Needs - Remarks
Acme Plat inf. and Finishing
651 West 18th Street
Hialeah
Aerodex, Inc.
Miami International Airport
liiami
Alrco Plating
3636 iW 46tn Street
HI ami
Electroplating
Rinse water
1.386,000 Sal/rao(A)
lletivy metals
Ground water
Minor
Aircraft servicing Uasn water. Crease, oil and C.inal tributary Oil seperator,
sanitary heaw metals, to I'lami River, pll control
5,550,000 |Ml/no(2) cyanide. Sanitary sewer
Electroplating
Pretreatment and sewer connection.
Sample effluent and wells for
heavy metals.
Adequate pretreatment and newer
connection. Sample for oil,
nrease, and heavy netals.
Klnse water
838,000 f>al/inn(4)
Heavy metals Ground water Neutralization. Pretreatment and sewer connection.
detention Sample well for heavy metals.
Aircraft Plating, Inc.
Alul NW 28th Street
••liami
Airlift, International
Iliaml International Airport
Miaou
Alrtcch Services, Inc.
liiami International Airport
I'.iarai
Alert Planar,
1115 NW 10th Avenue
Iliaml
Alton Uox Board
6891 NU 74th Street
iledley
Alumlnaire, Inc.
1GOO NU 165th Street
ilorth iliami Bcacli
Aluminum Anodizinp Company
3630 NW 76th Street
iliani
electroplating
Air freight
operator
Light-aircraf t
overiidul
Wash water Heavy metals
3,4
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Table 1.—Significant Industrial Wascewater Sources in Dade County, Florida—Continued
Industry
Major Water Use Mature of
Product or Service Type and Amount Waste Discharged Receiving Hater
Present
Treatment
Treatment Needs - Remarks
Aluminum finishing Corp.
of Florida
13464 NU 26th Avenue
Opa Locka
American Plating
50 NU 22nd Avenue
lliaml
Anodyzed
aluminum
Rinse water Aluminum, acid, Ground water Settling
1,919,000 gal/mo(7) caustic, dye
Decorative plating Rinse water
9,000 gal/mo(3)
Heavy metals
Sanitary sewer
Virginia Key
Adequate pretreatment and sewer
connection. Sample effluent and
wells for aluminum.
Drip tank prior to rinse.
Sample effluent for heavy metals.
Anodyne
1270 NU 165th Street
Miami
Arrow Beef Corporation
18330 NE 2nd Avenue
Iliami
Lithograph and
silk-screen
print.
Cut meat from
carcasses
Wash water
dye makeup
930,000 gal/mo(6)
Uash water
Dye, heavy Sanitary sewer, pll control,
metals Myrtle Creek aeration
Dried blood Sanitary sewur Crease trap
Crovc
Sample effluent for heavy metals.
Pretreatment
Associated Plastics
10101 E. 31st Street
llialeah
Atlas Metal Industries, Inc.
1135 NU 159th Drive
North Miami
August Bros. Bakery
Seaboard Industrial Park
Miami
Paints
Fabricated metnl
Product makeup,
washing
62,000 gal/mo(l)
Rinse water
Paint, solvent Ground water
bread products Uash water
Heavy metals
Sanitary sewer
Iiyrtle Crovc
Ilifjh organic Sanitary sewer
load Seaboard Ind.
Park
Connection to sewer system.
Sample water supply and effluent
for heavy metals.
Sample effluent for BOD
Beverage Cdnners
Seaboard Industrial Park
Miami
Blrray Photo Engraving Co.
2244 NU 21st Terrace
Miami
Canned soft drinks Product makeup, Organic loading Sanitary sewer,
wash water Seaboard Ind.
3.320,000 gal/mo(3) Park
Photo developing Rinse water
printing, and
engraving
Photo chemicals Sanitary sewer
ferric chloride Virginia Key
Sample effluent for BOD
None
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Table 1.—Significant Industrial Uastewater Sources In Uade County, Flordla—Continued
Industry
Borden's Dairy
7103 ML 2nd Avenue
Iliami
Brltt Metal Processing, Inc.
7490 NW 24th Avenue
Iliami
Butler Aviation of Iliami,
Inc.
lllaml International Airport
Iliami
Major
Product or Service
Milk and dairy
productb
Aircraft engine
parts
Refurbishing of
used aircraft
Water Use
Type and Amount
Waste water
Chrome plating
solution, washing
46,000 gal/mo (3)
Aircraft stripping
and cleaning
182,000 gal/mo(2)
Nature of
Waste Discharged
Organic loading
ChroDlum
Oil, caustic.
acid, solvents
heavy metals
Receiving Hater
Ground water
Ground water
Canal tributary
to Miami River
Present
Treatment
Chromium
reduction
precipitation
Settling tank
Treatment Needs - Remarks
Connection to sewer system.
Connection to sewer system.
P re treatment and connection to
sewer system
Canada Dry Bottling Co. of
Florida, Inc.
5900 NW 72nd Avenue
Miami
Capital Film 1-abs, Inc.
199b HE 150th btreet
North Miami
Coca Cola Bottling Company
of Miami
301 NU 29th Street
Miami
Colebrook Knitting Mills
3965 E. 10th Ct.
Illaleah
ColorGraphic Photo Engravers
1822 NW 22nd Street
Iliami
Continental Bumper Plating
4975 E. 10th Lane
Illaleah
Soft drinks
tlovle film
processing
Soft drinks
Knit sweaters
Photo engravinj;
Hater treatment,
product makeup
wash water
Rinse water
920,000 gal/mo(5)
Organic loading 58th St. Cdnal Being Installed Company presently under litigation
Photo chemicals Sanitary sewer. Sliver precipi- None
North Miami tation, solu-
tion recycling
Product makeup. Organic loading Sanitary seucrs,
washing Virginia Key
4,511,000 gal/mo(3)
Sweater washing
Rinse water
3,300 gal/mod)
Natural oils
Closed system recycling
Bumper reflnislung Rinse water
6,100 gal/mo(4)
Photo chemicals Sanitary sewers
Virginia Key
Cyanide, heavy Ground water Settling
metals
None
None
None
Pretreatment and connection to
sewer system. Sample effluent
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Table 1.--SiRnifleant Industrial Wastcwater Sources In Uade County, Florida—Continued
Industry
Continental Can Company
Seaboard Industrial Park
111 ami
Major Water Use nature of Present
Product or Service Type and Amount Waste Discharged Receiving Water Treatment Treatment Needs - Remarks
Cans
Cooling Heat, heavy
314,000 Gal/rao(3) metals
Sanitary newer,
Seaboard Ind.
Park
Sample effluent.
Cott Bolt ling of Florida
7130 NW 35th Avenue
Miami
Soft drinks
Product makeup. Organic loadlnp Ground wati-r
washinp,
Connection to sanitary sewer
system.
Uade County Dairies
7350 NW 30th Avenue
Miami
Ililk products
Wash water, cooling B.icteria,
organlcs
Ground water
Spray
irrigation
Connection to sewer system.
Uade Division,
American Hospital Supply
Corporation
1851 Delaware Parkway
Miami
Diagnostic
Reagents
Wash water Chemicals,
181,000 gal/mod) bacteria
Sanitary beuer
Virginia Key
pll control
Sample effluent
Delt.i Air Lines
t'iami International Airport
Miami
Airline
Alrcr.ift vashinr, °il, solvents Canal
Oil generator
Now minor use of facility.
Company under litigation.
Diamond Color Labs
1999 NE 150th Street
North Miami
Dodr.c. Inc.
380 :iE 60tli Struct
Miami
Lantern Air Linen
Miami International Airport
Miami
Lcononiy Packing Company
2419 Uest 3rd Court
liialcaii
hnp.ravers. Inc.
1120 NW 21st Street
iliami
Film process ill)'. Rinse i/ater
Llcctroplatinf,
Airline
Killing and
cutting oeef
Rinse water
29,000 "al/mo(3)
Photo chenicals Sanitary sev
North Miami
Heavy metals
Ground water
Settling
Inspector refused admission to
plant. Sample effluent. Company
reportedly treats effluent.
Pretreatment and connection to
sewer system.
Aircraft washinp,. Oil, heavy
metal platinf,
U,520,000 Ral/mo(2)
Sanitary sower, Oil sencrator, Connection of all wastes lines
Virginia Key nctal prccipi- to sewer system
Canal tat ion
Waoiiiiip Crease, organic Ground water f.rease traps Connection Co sewer system
49G.UOO gal/mo(4) loading septic tanks
Photo eiiRravuif; Rinse water
Photo clieraicals. Sanitary t>eucr, Neutralization, Classified work, no plant
heavy metals Virginia Key silver precipi- admittance.
tat ion
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Table 1.—Significant Industrial Wastuwaler Sources In Dado County, Florida—Continued
Indus t ry
l.stcb Silversmiths
2152 MU 17tli Avenue
Miami
Far :iac Plating, Inc.
2196 :nj 17 tli Avenue
Miami
Farm Stores, Inc.
5800 MU 74til Avenue
Miami
Federal Packing Company
330 U. 23rd Street
Illalcati
Florida Carlb Fishery, Inc.
25 SW South River Drive
Miami
Florida Live-Pack Lobster
Sales
34 Hook Square
(11 ami Springs
Florida Processing Company
6900 NW 69tli Street
tliami Springs
C. Ccrtz Enterprises
3401 NW 73rd Street
Miami
Gotham Provision Company,
Inc.
7301 NW 74tli Street
tied ley
Henderson's Portion Pak
4202 Salzedo
Coral Cables
Major I'atur use .'laturc of Present
Product or Survlcu _ Type and «jnount Waste Discharged Itecclvnij- Water Treatment Treatment Needs - Remarks
Decorativu |il.iLin)>. Kmse ualcr Heavy metals Sanit.irv -.ewer,
Virginia Kuy
Small operation.
'letal plating
Rinse uatc-r
12.000 gal/mod)
Process, coolinr;,
boiler from well
Heavy metals
Waste milk and
products
Sanit.iry souur,
Virginia Key
Cround watur
Activated
treatment
Killing and
cutting beef
Lobster Proccsser
Lobster sales
Uashing
599,000 gal/mo(4)
Blood, paunch Cround water
manure, grease
Organic loading Sanitarv sewer
from lobster Virginia Key
process
Sample effluent for heavy metals
Better operation at exlstinp, waste
treatment facilities.
Ineffective old Pretreatment. Connect to sewer
package plant system when completed in Hlaleah
area.
Cooling water
Coliforras
Canals
None
Settling
PretreatDent
Connection to newer system. Fecal
conforms apparently result from
other tenants (theatre) on
property. Company under litiga-
tion.
Tallow and meat Rinse water
scrap processing boiler feed
Organic loading Trucked to
f.reasc Virginia Key
Package plant In operation.
chlorlnatlon
Knit tine mill
Killing and
cutting beef
Processing food
products
Uashlng nnd dycinp Oil and dye
682,000 gal/mo(4)
Cround water Carbon filters Connection to sewer system.
Blood, pauch Ground water
manure, grease
Settling ,
grease trap
Connection to sewer system
Wash water
shrimp thawing
Crease, organic Sanitary sower Crease trap None
loading Coral Cables
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TabIn 1.—Significant Industrial Wastewater Sources In Dade County, Florida—Continued
tlajoi Water Use Mature of Present
Industry Product ni Jiurvite Type and Amount Wastf Discharged Receiving llattT _ Tre.itmcnt Treatment Needs - Remarks
Home liilk Producers Process milk Wash, coo Imp, Organic londinp, Snnit.iry Stm.r Rec I rcul^teil None
Assocl.ition 7,Jbu,000 -,,il/pui(3) Vlrp.lnin Key coo Imp, water
2451 IAJ 7th Avenue
Homestead Air Force LJase
homestead
lluward Johnson
1031 l.'est flakier Street
I'laiiu
International Aerodyne, Inc.
liiaml International Airport
'liami
Jim Kubbins beat Belt
Company
703 L. 10th Avenue
Hlulcah
Key Uiscayne Hand Print
3480 NIJ 41st Street
iiiaml
Air Force Base
Ice cream
Aircraft
maintenance
Finish seal belts
from spool fabric
Silk screen
printing;
Washing* aircraft Solvents, Canalb
detcrfent, oil
and grease
Oil M-[irrator
Doi ler feed,
coolln|>, process
uash water
240,000 f,al/mo(3)
Ori;nnic loadiiig; Sanit.iry sew.
Virginia I.L-
Aircraft washing Oil, caustic. Sanitary sewer None
and stripping ntiJ, solvent, Virginia Kuy
U,3U(1 p,al/nio(2) heavy netals
Cool in;;, uaslilnp. Dye
3.300,000 ,',al/mo(4)
Water feed, I'ashinr IIVL
and dyuinn
Sanitar" scrur None
for coollnp,
water. Scaled
pit for dye wash
Hauled away None
None
None
Pretreatment: Sample drain during
aircraft washing. (Question as
co disposal of waste.
None
Connect to sewer.
Kim Color
(Tremendous Color, Monkey
Color, Inc.)
332 West 20th Street,
Ilialcali
London Platers
1080 L. 24th Street
Ilialcah
HeArthur Jersey Farms
6B31 NE 2nd Avenue
Miami
Huoto proces-iiii}'
lUnsc water
2,196.000
Decorative platmi', Kinse water
fron well
Photo chemicals Ground water Settling
Heavy metals Ground water
Milk distribution Coollnc., washing Organic loadliiK Ground waCer
6,342,000 gal/ino(3)
Pretreatment and connection to
sewer system (Plans have been
made for connection)
Pretreatment and connection to
sewer system. Sample effluent
and wells for heavy metals
Connection to sewer system
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Table 1.—Significant Industrial Uastewater Sources In Dadc County, Florida—Continued
Major Water Use Nature of Present
Industry Product or Service Type and Amount Haste Discharged _ Jtec_el_vlji£_Uiitcr Treatment
Miami Aviation Corporation Aircraft Aircr.ift stripping Oil, solvents Canal via -.lorm None
Op a Locka Airport refurbislmif mul i_le.mlnf acid, caustic, drain
Opa LocUa 2UO ,1)110 •;.il/mo(2) heavy metals
Miami Uo.-ird,
Division of bimkinn liiJ.,
Inc.
P. U. Box 1397
Miami
Cardboard
Cool i nyf. w.'i
process
c Inailfnf, TjnuiLnu C. ir.nl
suttleable solids
Cl €ir i f 1 cnt ion,
ch lor 1 nation
Treatment Needs - Remarks
Pretreatment and connection to
existing sanitary seuer system.
Sample drainage, trace flow with
dye.
Connection to sewer system.
Company under litigation
Miami Dye Murks Dyed fabrics
355 .1L 72nd 'lerrace
'liami
Mil [jo l.lcccronic Corporation Llectronic
7C2J Ml 36th Avenue equipment
Iliami manufacture
Miller Industries Aluminum
16295 NW 13th Avenue pieces
Iliami
Wash water
(All ,000 |>al/mo(3)
lUnsc uatur from
clirome jilatinp,
374.00U .;al/mo(4)
KnibC water
J25.0UO Ral/mo(6)
Dye, or|-anics
Chromium
llaxavalunt
chromium
(.round water
(salt water)
Ground water
SettIIHK
Chroroiun
reduction,
settling
Sanitary sewer lione
Myrtle t.rove
Pretreatment and connection to
sewer system
Connection to sewer system.
Sample effluent for chromium
Pretreatment for chronium
reduction
Modern Air Transport
lilaml International Airport
1 .1 ami
Modem Aluminum Coatings,
Inc.
7295 NW 64 til Street
Miami
National Brewing Company
637 NU 13th Street
Miami
National Linen Service
1950 NW 1st Avenue
tllami
Air freight
Anodyzcd
aluminum
Fermented
drinks
Commercial linen
cleaning
Aircraft warning Oil, solvents, Canal tributary Primitive oil
692,000 K.I 1/no(2) heavy metals to Miami iUvcr separator
Kinsu water
from wells
Aluminum, acid, (.round water
caustic
Mash water. Organic loading Sanitary sewer
product makeup, Virginia Key
Ib,529 ,000 gal/moO)
Settling
Wash water Soap, oil
5,600,000 gal/mo(l)
Sanitary seucr Soap
Virginia Key degradation
Prctreatmcnt and connection to
sewer system.
Pretreatment and connection to
sewer system. Sample Inflow
and outflow from pond for
aluminum.
None
None
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Table 1.—Significant Industrial Wasicwatcr Sources in Uade County, Florida—Continued
Industry
Macro, Inc.
(Vcric Processing)
2735 K. 8th Avenue
Illaloah
llajor Water Use
I'rodact or Service Typi* and AiirounL
Textiles Unknown
Nature of
U.iste Dijadiarijud Receiving Dator
Dye, paint Ground water Have plant
Present
Treatment
Treatment Needs - Remarks
Refused to see inspectors.
Effluent from plant visibly
discolored. Sample.
Neway Laundry
16U Ail Udba Avenue
Opa Locka
Northeast Air Linus
:
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Table 1.—Significant Industrial Wasteuatcr Sources in Dade County, Florida—Continued
Industry
Smith and Butturfleld
3170 NW 36th Street
111 ami
Smith, ILlchardson, and
Conroy
3bOO NW 62nd Street
Miami
Major Water Use Nature of Present
Product or Service Type and Amount Waste Discharged lUicelvlnp Mater Treatment Treatment Needs - Renarks
Film developer lUnse water Photo chemicals Ground water Silver preclpi- Connection to sewer
190,000 gal/mo(l) tatlon
Portion pack meat Holler food Oil and grease Ground uaLer Settling, oil Connection to sewer
wash water Organic loading and crease
250,000 gal/mo(l) skimming
Southern Air Transport, Inc.
111 ami International Airport
iliaml
bout lie rn Plating, Inc.
720 MW 72nd Street
I liaml
Southern Coverages
3601 NW 55th Street
iliaml
Standard Bumper Corporation
2500 U. 3rd Ct.,
Ilialeah
Super Brand Dairy
Seaboard Industrial Park
Miami
Sun-Aid Food Products
3615 NW 60th Street
Miami
Tallo-Master
Scott Road
Medley
Tower Paint Company
620 West 27th Street
Ilialeah
Air transport
freight
Plated aircraft
parts
Soft drink
manufacture
Bumper
refurbishiii);
Washing aircraft
and equipment
SO,000 f,al/mo(2)
Pansc water
156,000 gal/no(3)
Process product
mal.cup, rinsiup
Rinse water
22,000 fial/iao(4)
Oil, grease and Sanitary sewur Oil skimmer
solvents Virginia Key
Cyanide and
heavy metals
Org.inics and
detergent
Heavy metals,
cyanide
Sanitciry sewer None
Virginia Key
Ground water
Ground water
None
None
Ililk distribution Wash water Organic loadlnp,
1.070,000 gal/mo(3) at 860 ppm BOD
Sanitary sewer None
Seaboard Ind.
Park
tlanufncture Jelly, Product makeup
jams, mustard cooling wash
mayonnaise 260,000 gal/mo(l)
Grease processing Wash, cooling
Organic loading Ground water Crease trap
None
Pretreatment
Connection to sewer
Pretreatment and connection to
sewer. Sample effluent for heavy
metals.
Pretreatment
Connection to sewer system
Grease
Manufacture paint Product makeup wash Paint, solvents,
77,000 F>al/rao(6) detergents
Canal Oxidation pond, Connection to sewer system.
skimming Company cited by county for grease
discharges.
Ground water Settling and Pretreatment and connection to
sludge disposal sewer
-------
Table 1.—Significant Industrial Wastewater Sources In Dade County, Florida—Continued
Major
Industry Product or Service
Tripure Spring Water Company Bottled water
and Standard Chemical Co.
3355 NW 73rd Street
Miami
Tropical Plating Decorative metal
1825 NW 79th Street plating
Miami
Uni-Vinyl Corporation PVC compounding
3750 Nil 43rd Street
iliami
Zippy Chocolate Beverage Chocolate
355 tni 52nd Street beverages
111 ami
aOU&CC OE WclCcK ~~USc LJaEa •
If Supplied by Company.
2/ Uade County Port Authority.
3/ Iliami Mater Department.
4/ Hialcah Mater Department.
5/ North Miami Water Department.
6f North Iliami Beach Water Department
Water Use
Type and Amount
Wash water, product
makeup, boiler
feed
506.000 gal/mo(l>
River water-wells
Cooling
Product makeup
boiler feed, wash
[lature of Present
Waste Discharged Receiving Water Treatment Treatment Needs - Remarks
tilncrals, Ground water None None
detergents
Heavy metals Ground water Settling Pretreatment and connection to
cyanide sewer. Sample effluent for heavy
metals.
PVC and other Ground water None Connection to sewer
organlcs
Organic loading, Ground water None Connection to sewer system
detergent
BOD 80U-1.00U
mg/1
?7 Upa Locka Water Department.
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Table 2.—Industries Currently Under Enforcement Action
Company
Pollution Problem
Type Action
Status
Aerodex, Inc.
Airlift, International
Modern Air Transport
Canada Dry Bottling Co.
Delta Air Lines
Farm Stores, Inc.
Florida Live-Pack
Lobster Sales
Florida Processing
National Air Lines
Pan American Air Lines
Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.
Miami Board,
Simkins Industries
Tallo-Master
Natro, Inc.
(Veric Processing)
Oil Discharge
Oil Discharge
Oil Discharge
Process waste to
Canal
Oil Discharge
Ililk wastes
Fecal coliform
Crease
Oil Discharge
Oil Discharge
Process waste
Fecal coliform
Crease discharge
Paint and dye in
effluent
1899 Act
1899 Act
1899 Act
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
County Regulation
Company reducing activities.
Company reinstituted use of oil
seperator.
Discharges continuing.
Continuing. Plant being
installed.
Activities reduced.
Existing treatment plant not
operating properly.
Apparently results from cross
connection by tenant.
Investigation continuing.
Now hauling waste to plant, prior
to completion of new treatment
system.
New plant recently completed.
Recently improved treatment.
Discharge continuing.
Apparently results from cross
connection. Investigation
continuing.
Skimmer not maintained.
Discharge continuing.
Information furnished by Dade County Pollution Control.
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APPENDIX 1
RULE 7
REGULATION OF THE USE OF SANITARY
AND STORM SEWERS AND THE DISCHARGE
OF WATERS AND WASTES INTO UTILITIES'
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS.
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RULE 7'
REGULATION OF THE USE OF SANITARY
AND STORM SEWERS AND THE DISCHARGE
OF WATERS AND WASTES INTO UTILITIES'
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
APPROVED AND EFFECTIVE JUNE 20, 1966, BY
RESOLUTION NO. R-606-66 OF THE BOARD OF
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA.
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RULE 7
Regulating the use of sanitary and storm sewers
and the discharge of waters and wastes into
utilities sewerage systems, and providing penalties.
SECTION 1: Unless the context specifically indicates
otherwise, the meaning of terms used in this
rule shall be as follows:
(a) "Sewage Works" is a comprehensive term
which includes facilities for collecting,
pumping, treating and disposing of sewage.
(b) "Sewage" shall mean a combination of the
water carried wastes from dwellings,
business buildings, institutions, and
industrial establishments. In effect it
is the water supply of a community after
it has been used and discharged into a
sewer.
(c) "Sanitary Sewer" shall mean a sewer
which carries sewage and to which storm,
surface and ground waters are not in-
tentionally admitted.
(d) "Storm Sewer" shall mean a sewer which
carries storm and surface waters and
drainage, but excludes sewage and polluted
industrial wastes.
(e) "Industrial Wastes" shall mean the liquid
wastes from industrial processes as
distinct from sanitary sewage.
(f) "Garbage" shall mean solid wastes from the
preparation, cooking and dispensing of
food and feom the handling, storage and
sale of produce.
(g) "B.O.D." (denoting Biochemical Oxygen
Demand) shall mean the quantity of oxygen
utilized in the biochemical oxidation of
1-1
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organic matter under standard laboratory
procedure in 5 days at 20 degrees
Centigrade, expressed in parts per
million.
(h) "pH" shall mean the logarithm of the
reciprocal of the weight of hydrogen ions
in grams per liter of solution.
(i) "Suspended Solids" shall mean solids
that either float on the surface of, or
are in suspension in water, sewage or
other liquids and which are largely re-
moveable by laboratory filtering.
(j) "Person" shall mean any individual, firm,
company, association, society, corporation
or group.
(k) "P.P.M." shall mean parts per million by
weight.
SECTION 2: Prohibited Wastes.
(a) No person shall discharge or cause to be
discharged any storm water, surface water,
ground water, roof runoff, subsurface
drainage, cooling water or unpolluted
industrial or commercial process water into
any sanitary sewer.
(b) The discharge of cooling water from air
conditioning units is prohibited. Cooling
water free from bacteria and harmful
chemicals should be discharged into storm
water sewers. Except as hereinafter pro-
vided, no gerson shall discharge or cause
to be discharged any of the following
described wastes or waters to any public
sewer:
1. Any liquid having a temperature higher
than 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
1-2
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2. Any water or waste containing more
than 100 p.p.m. or exceed a daily
average of 25 p.p.m. of any grease
or oil or any oily substance.
3. Any gasoline, benzene, naptha, fuel
oil or other flammable or explosive
liquid, solid or gas.
4. Any waters or wastes containing a
toxic or poisonous substance in
sufficient quantity to injure or
interfere with any sewage treatment
process, constitute a hazard to
humans or animals, or create any
hazard in the receiving waters of the
sewage treatment plant.
5. Any garbage that has not been proper-
ly shredded, which shall mean the
wastes from the preparation, cooking
and dispensing of food that have been
shredded to such degree that all
particles will be carried freely under
the flow conditions normally prevailing
in public sewers, with no particle
size greater than 1/2 inch in any
dimension.
6. Any waters or wastes having a pH
lower than 5.5 or higher than 9.5 or
having any other corrosive property
capable of causing damage or hazard to
structures, equipment or personnel of
the sewage works.
7. Any water or waste containing toxic
substances in quantities in excess of
the' following limits and measured at
the point of discharge into the sewer
system:
1-3
-------
Cyanides 0.01 p.p.m.
Copper, total 0.5 p.p.m.
Chromium, hexavalent - 0.5 p.p.m.
Chromium, total - - - i.o p.p.m.
Cadmium 0.5 p.p.m.
Zinc, total 1.0 p.p.m.
Or any substance that will pass through
the sewage treatment plant and exceed
the state requirements for the receiving
stream.
8. Any water or waste containing phenols in
excess of 0.005 p.p.m.
9. Any water or waste containing suspended
solids or color of such character and
quantity that unusual attention or
expense is required to handle such materials
at the sewage treatment plant, without a
special permit.
10. Any toxic radioactive isotopes, without
a special permit.
No statement contained in this section shall be construed
as prohibiting any special agreement or arrangement,
between the utility and any person whereby an industrial
waste of unusual strength or character may be admitted
into the sanitary sewers for treatment by the utility
either before or after pretreatment.
SECTION 3: Admission of Industrial Waste.
(a) Treatment of Industrial Wastes - The
economy and desireability of the combined
treatment o'f industrial wastes and
sanitary sewage is recognized. However,
not all types and quantities of in-
dustrial wastes can be so treated. Hence,
it shall be the established policy to
admit these types and quantities of in-
dustrial wastes that are not harmful or
damaging to the structures, processes or
operation of the sewage works or are not
specifically prohibited by this rule.
1-4
-------
It is also recognized that to provide
this service additional facilities are
required and the cost of which must be
borne by those persons receiving its
benefits.
(b) Approval Required for Industrial Wastes-
In order to control the admission of in-
dustrial wastes, the discharge into the
public sewers of any waters or wastes
having:
1. A five day 20 degree Centigrade B.O.D.
greater than 300 p.p.m. or
2. A suspended solids content greater
than 350 p.p.m., or
3. A chlorine demand greater than 15
p.p.m., or
4. An average daily flow greater than 2%
of the average daily sewage flow at
the sewage treatment works, or
5. Any toxic substance, or
6. Any wastes which are considered by the
Superintendent of the Sewage Treatment
Works co offer possibilities or harm
to structures, processes, or operation
of the plant.
shall be subject to review and approval of
the utility.
(c) Sewerage Systems Connected to an Ocean
Outfall - When industrial wastes are dis-
charged to a sewerage system utilizing an
ocean outfall, items 1 through 3, Section 3 (b)
shall not be applicable unless it is being
1-5
-------
treated by a sewage treatment plant
where the loading of the biological
treatment unit would be a factor.
(d) Survey Data Required - All users of the
sewage system who are now discharging
industrial wastes to the public sewers
shall upon request of the sewage treat-
ment plant Superintendent, fill in and
file with the plant superintendent,
within three months, a questionnaire
which shall furnish pertinent data, in-
clusive of quantity of flow and an
analysis of the water discharged to the
sewage treatment plant.
Similarly any person desiring to make a
new connection to the sewage system for
the purpose of discharging industrial
wastes to the public sewers, shall fill
in and file with the sewage treatment
plant superintendent an industrial waste
questionnaire which shall furnish
pertinent or predicted data inclusive of
quantity of flow and an analysis of the
industrial waste to be discharged into
the sewer system.
(e) Sampling and Analysis - Samples shall be
a composite sample collected daily over
a three day period of operation so as to
be a truly representative sample of the
actual quality of the wastes. Sample,
for analysis, must be collected by the
engineer, chemist or his representative.
Analysis shall be made by a registered
Sanitary Engineer, or a graduate Chemist
whose qualifications are acceptable to
the Health Department, or Class A & B
waste water treatment plant operator,
1-6
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registered in Florida, using the
laboratory methods for the exami-
nation of industrial waste as set
forth in the latest edition of
"Standard Methods for Examination
of Water and Sewage" as published
by the American Public Health
Service.
(f) Extension of Time - When, due to the
size or complexity of the waste
disposal problem of an industry, it
car. ;e shown that it is impractical
to rreet the schedule imposed under
Section 3(c) above, a request for
an extension of time may be present-
ed to the plant superintendent.
(g) Control Manhole - Any establishment
discharging industrial wastes into
the sewage system shall construct
and maintain at his expense a suitable
control manhole, or manholes down-
stream from any treatment, storage or
other approved works, to facilitate
observation, measurement and sampling
of all wastes, including domestic
sewage, from the establishment.
The control manhole or manholes shall
be constructed at suitable and satis-
factory locations and built in a
manner approved by the Sewage Treat-
ment Plant superintendent.
The control manhole shall be accessable
to the Sewage Treatment Plant superin-
tendent or his representatives at all
times for sampling.
1-7
-------
(h) Pretreatment - When required, the user
of the utility sewer system shall
provide at his expense such preliminary
treatment or handling as may be neces-
sary to modify the objectionable
characteristics, or constituents to
come within the limits set forth in
Section 3(b) of this rule.
SECTION 4: The Sewage Treatment Plant Superintendent
and other duly authorized employees of the
utility bearing proper credentials and
identification shall be permitted to enter
upon all properties for the purposes of
inspection, observation, measurement,
sampling and testing in accordance with
the provisions of this rule.
1-8
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MIAMI INTERh mONAL AJRI
LOCATION MAP
DADE COUNTY. FLORIDA
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