United States
            Environmental Protection
            Agency
             Environmental Monitoring
             and Support Laboratory
             P.O. Box 15027
             Las Vegas NV89114
v>EPA
Distribution of
Phytoplankton in
North Dakota
Lakes
Working
Paper 700

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DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN NORTH DAKOTA LAKES

                        by

     W. D. Taylor, L. R.  Williams,  S.  C.  Hern,
  V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris*, and  M.  K.  Morris*

            Water and Land Quality  Branch
           Monitoring Operations Division
   Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
              Las Vegas,  Nevada  89114
         *Department of Biological  Sciences
           University of Nevada, Las Vegas
              Las Vegas, Nevada  89154
               WORKING PAPER NO. 700
         NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
       OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
      U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                 November 1978

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                                 DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental  Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, and
approved for publication.  Mention of trade names or commercial  products does
not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                     11

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                                  FOREWORD
     The National  Eutrophication Survey was  initiated  in  1972  in  response  to
an Administration commitment to investigate  the nationwide  threat of
accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes  and  reservoirs.  The  Survey
was designed to develop, in conjunction with State  environmental  agencies,
information on nutrient sources, concentrations, and  impact on  selected
freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating  comprehensive and  coordinated
national, regional, and State management practices  relating to  point source
discharge reduction and nonpoint source pollution abatement in  lake
watershed.

     The Survey collected physical, chemical, and biological  data from 815
lakes and reservoirs throughout the contiguous  United  States.   To date,  the
Survey has yielded more than two million data points.   In-depth analyses are
being made to advance the rationale and data base for refinement  of  nutrient
water quality criteria for the Nation's freshwater  lakes.
                                     111

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                                   CONTENTS
                                                                        Page
Foreword	    iii
Introduction 	      1
Materials and Methods  	      3
     Lake and Site Selection	      3
     Sample Preparation  	      3
     Examination 	      4
     Quality Control  	      5
Results	      6
     Nygaard's Trophic State Indices 	      6
     Palmer's Organic Pollution Indices  	      6
     Species Diversity and Abundance Indices 	      8
     Species Occurrence and Abundance  	     10
Literature Cited 	     11
Appendix A.  Phytoplankton Species list for the State
             of North Dakota	     12
Appendix B.  Summary of Phytoplankton Data 	     15

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                                INTRODUCTION
     The collection and analysis of phytoplankton  data  were  included  in  the
National Eutrophication Survey in an effort to  determine  relationships between
algal  characteristics and trophic status of individual  lakes.
     During spring, summer, and fall  of 1974, the  Survey  sampled  179  lakes  in
10 States.  Over 700 algal  species and varieties were  identified  and
enumerated from the 573 water samples examined.
     This report presents the species and abundance  of  phytoplankton  in  the
14 lakes sampled in the State of North Dakota  (Table 1).   The  Mygaard's
Trophic State (Nygaard 1949), Palmer's Organic  Pollution  (Palmer  1969),  and
species diversity and abundance indices are also included.
          TABLE 1 .  LAKES SAMPLED IN THE STATE  OF  NORTH DAKOTA
STORET No.
 Lake Name
 County
   3801
   3802
   3803
   3804
   3805
   3806
   3807
   3808
   3809
   3811
   3812
Lake Ashtabula
Lake Audubon
Brush Lake
Lake Darling
Devils Lake
Jamestown Reservoir
Lake La Moure
Matejcek Lake
Lake Metigoshe
Pelican Lake
Lake Sakakawea
(Garrison Reservoir)
Barnes, Griggs
McLean
McLean
Renville
Benson, Ramsey
Stutsman, Foster
Stutsman
Walsh
Bottineau (part in Canada)
Bottineau
Mercer, McLean, Mountrail
Williams, McKenzie, Dunn
(Continued)

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      TABLE 1.  LAKES SAMPLED IN THE STATE  OF  NORTH  DAKOTA  (Continued)



STORET No.         Lake Name                        County



   3813           Spirit Hood Lake                Stutsman



   3814           Sweet Briar Reservoir           Morton



   3815           Whitman Lake                    Nelson,  Walsh

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                            MATERIALS  AND METHODS
LAKE AND SITE SELECTION

     Lakes and reservoirs included in  the  Survey  were  selected  through
discussions with State water pollution agency personnel  and  U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency Regional  Offices (U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
1975).  Screening and selection strongly emphasized  lakes  with  actual or
potential  accelerated eutrophication problems.  As a  result, the  selection  was
1imited to lakes:

     (1) impacted by one or more municipal  sewage treatment  plant outfalls
         either directly into the lake or  by discharge to  an inlet tributary
         within approximately 40 kilometers of the  lake;

     (2} 40 hectares or larger in size; and

     (3) with a mean hydraulic retention  time of  at  least  30 days.

Specific selection criteria were waived for some  lakes of  particular State
interest.

     Sampling sites for a lake were selected based on  available information on
lake morphometry, potential major sources  of nutrient  input, and  on-site
judgment of the field limnologist (U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency 1975).
Primary sampling sites were chosen to reflect the deepest  portion of each
major basin in a test lake.  Where many basins were  present, selection  was
guided by nutrient source information on  hand.  At  each sampling  site,  a
depth-integrated phytoplankton sample was  taken.   Depth-integrated samples
were uniform mixtures of water from the surface to  a  depth of 15  feet
(4.6 meters) or from the surface to the lower limit  of the photic zone
representing 1 percent of the incident light, whichever was  greater.  If the
depth at the sampling site was less than  15 feet  (4.6  meters),  the sample was
taken from just off the bottom to the surface.  Normally,  a  lake  was sampled
three times in 1 year, providing information on spring, summer, and fall
conditions.


SAMPLE PREPARATION

     To preserve the sample 4 milliliters  (ml) of Acid-Lugol's  solution
(Prescott 1970) were added to each 130-ml  sample  from  each site at the  time of
collection.  The samples were shipped to  the Environmental  Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, where equal  volumes from each site

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were mixed to form two 130-ml  composite samples  for a  given lake.   One
composite sample was put into  storage and  the  other was used for the
examination.

     Prior to examination, the composite samples were  concentrated by the
settling method.  Solids were  allowed to settle  for at least 24 hours prior to
siphoning off the supernate.  The volume of the  removed supernate and the
volume of the remaining concentrate were measured and  concentrations
determined.  A small (8-ml) library subsample  of the concentrate was  then
taken.  The remaining concentrate was gently agitated  to resuspend the
plankton and poured into a capped, graduated test tube.  If a preliminary
examination of a sample indicated the need for a more  concentrated sample, the
contents of the test tube were further concentrated by repeating the  settling
method.  Final concentrations varied from 15 to 40 times the original.

     Permanent slides were prepared from concentrated  samples after analysis
was complete.  A ring of clear Karo® corn syrup with phenol (a few crystals of
phenol were added to each 100 ml of syrup) was placed  on a glass slide.  A
drop of  superconcentrate from the botton of the test tube was placed in the
ring.  This solution was thoroughly mixed and topped with a coverglass.  After
the syrup  at the edges  of the coverglass had hardened, the excess was scraped
away and the mount  was  sealed with clear fingernail polish.  Permanent diatom
slides were prepared by drying sample material on a coverglass, heating in a
muffle furnace at 400°  C for 45 minutes, and mounting in Hyrax®.  Finally, the
mounts were sealed  with clear fingernail polish.

     Backup samples, library  samples,  permanent sample slides, and
Hyrax-mounted diatom slides are being  stored and maintained at the
Environmental Monitoring and  Support Laboratory-Las Vegas.


EXAMINATION

     The phytoplankton  samples were  examined with the aid  of binocular
compound microscopes.   A  preliminary examination was  performed  to  precisely
 identify and  list  all  forms encountered.  The length  of  this examination
varied  depending  on the complexity of  the  sample.   An  attempt  was made to  find
and  identify  all  of the forms present  in each sample.  Often forms were
observed which  could  not  be identified  to  species or  to  genus.   Abbreviated
descriptions  were  used  to  keep a  record of  these forms  (e.g.,  lunate  cell,
blue-green filament,  Navicula #1).   Diatom  slides were examined  using  a
 standard light  microscope.  If  greater resolution was  essential  to accurately
 identify the  diatoms,  a phase-contrast microscope was  used.

      After the  species  list was  compiled,  phytoplankton  were enumerated  using
a Neubauer Counting Chamber with  a 40X objective lens  and  a 10X  ocular lens.
 All  forms within  each  field were  counted.   The  count  was continued until  a
minimum of 100  fields  had  been  viewed, or  until  the dominant form had  been
 observed a minimum of  100 times.
 Registered trademark

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QUALITY CONTROL

     Project phycologists performed internal  quality control  intercomparisons
regularly on 7 percent of the species identification and counts.  Although an
individual had primary responsibility for analyzing a sample, taxonomic
problems were discussed among the phycologists.

     Additional quality control  checks were performed on the  Survey samples by
Dr. G. W. Prescott of the University of Montana  at the rate of 5 percent.
Quality control checks were made on 75 percent of these samples to verify
species identifications while checks were made on the remaining 25 percent of
the samples to verify genus counts.  Presently,  the agreement between quality
control checks for species identification and genus enumerations is
satisfactory.

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                                   RESULTS
     A phytoplankton species list for the State is  presented  in  Appendix  A.
Appendix B summarizes all  of the phytoplankton data collected from the State
by the Survey.  The latter is organized by lake, and includes an alphabetical
phytoplankton species list with concentrations for  individual  species given by
sampling date.  Results from the application of several  indices  are presented
(Nygaard's Trophic State,  Palmer's Organic Pollution, and species diversity
and abundance).  Each lake has been assigned a four-digit STORET number.
(STORET (STOrage and RETrieval) is the U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency's
computer system which processes and maintains water quality data.)  The first
two digits of the STORET number identify the State; the  last  two digits
identify the lake.


NYGAARD'S TROPHIC STATE INDICES

     Five indices devised by Nygaard (1949) were proposed under the assumption
that certain algal groups are indicative of levels  of nutrient enrichment.
These  indices were calculated in order to aid in determining  the surveyed
lakes' trophic status.  As a general rule, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, centric
diatoms, and members of the Chlorococcales are found in  waters that are
eutrophic (rich in nutrients), while desmids and many pennate diatoms  '
generally cannot tolerate high nutrient levels and  so are found in
oligotrophic waters  (poor in nutrients).

     In applying the indices to the Survey data, the number of taxa in each
major  group was determined from the species list for each sample.  The ratios
of these groups give numerical values which can be  used  as a biological index
of water richness.   The five indices and the ranges of values established for
Danish lakes by Nygaard for each trophic state are  presented in Table 2.   The
appropriate symbol,  (E) eutrophic and (0) oligotrophic,  follows each
calculated value in  the tables in Appendix B.  A question mark (?) following  a
calculated value in  these tables was entered when that value was within the
range  of both classifications.


PALMER'S ORGANIC POLLUTION  INDICES

     Palmer (1969) analyzed reports from 165 authors and developed algal
pollution indices for use in rating water samples with high organic pollution.
Two lists of organic-pollution-tolerant forms were prepared, one containing
20 genera, the other, 20 species  (Tables 3 and 4).   Each form was assigned a
pollution index number ranging from 1 for moderately tolerant forms to 6 for

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  TABLE 2.  NYGAARD'S TROPHIC STATE INDICES ADAPTED FROM HUTCHINSON (1967)
Index
      Calculation
Oligotrophic     Eutrophlc
Myxophycean


Chlorophycean


Diatom


Euglenophyte


Compound
      Myxophyceae
       Desmideae

      Chlorococcales
        Desmideae

      Centric Diatoms
      Pennate Diatoms

       Euglenophyta
Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales

Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales +
Centric Diatoms + Euglenophyta
        Desmideae
  0.0-0.4


  0.0-0.7


  0.0-0.3


  0.0-0.2


  0.0-1.0
0.1-3.0


0.2-9.0


0.0-1.75


0.0-1.0


1.2-25
TABLE 3.  ALGAL GENUS POLLUTION INDEX
          (Palmer 1969)
                           TABLE 4.  ALGAL SPECIES POLLUTION
                                     INDEX (Palmer 1969)
Genus
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Closterium
Cyclotella
Euglena
Gomphonema
Lepocinclis
Melosira
Micractinium
Navicula
Nitzschia
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Scenedesmus
Stigeoclonium
Synedra
Pollution
Index
1
2
4
3
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
5
1
2
1
4
2
2
Species
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Arthrospira ienneri
Chlorel la vulgaris
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Euglena gracilis
Euglena viridis
Gomphonema parvulum
Melosira varians
Navicula cryptocej>hala
Nitzschia acicularis
Nitzschia palea
Oscillatoria chlorina
Oscillatoria limosa
Oscillatoria princess
Oscillatoria putrida
Oscillatoria tenuis
Pandorina morum
Scenedesmus quadricauda
Stigeoclonium tenue
Synedra ulna
Poll ution
Index
3
2
2
2
1
6
1
2
1
1
5
2
4
1
1
4
3
4
3
3

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extremely tolerant forms.   Palmer based  the  index  numbers  on  occurrence
records and/or where emphasized by the authors  as  being  especially  tolerant of
organic pollution.

     In analyzing a water sample, any of the 20 genera  or  species of  algae
present in concentrations of 50 per milliliter  or  more  are recorded.   The
pollution index numbers of the algae present are totaled,  providing a genus
score and a species score.  Palmer determined that a  score of 20 or more  for
either index can be taken as evidence of high organic pollution, while a  score
of 15 to 19 is taken as probable evidence of high  organic  pollution.  Lower
figures suggest that the organic pollution of the  sample is not high, that the
sample is not representative, or that some substance  or factor interfering
with algal persistence is present and active.


SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE INDICES

     "Information content" of biological samples is being  used commonly by
biologists as a measure of diversity.  Diversity in this connection means the
degree of .uncertainty attached to the specific  identity of any randomly
selected individual.  The greater the number of taxa  and the  more equal  their
proportions, the greater the uncertainty, and hence,  the diversity  (Pielou
1966).  There are several methods of measuring  diversity,  e.g., the formulas
given by Brillouin (1962) and Shannon and Weaver (1963).  The method  which is
appropriate depends on the type of biological sample  on hand.

     Pielou (1966) classifies the types  of biological samples and gives the
measure of diversity appropriate for each type.  The  Survey phytoplankton
samples are what she classifies as larger samples (collections in Pielou's
terminology) from which random subsamples can be drawn.  According  to Pielou,
the average diversity per individual (H) for these types of samples can be
estimated from the Shannon-Wiener formula (Shannon and  Weaver 1963):

                                S

                         H  -  -X PI logx PI
                               1 = 1

where P is the proportion of the ith taxon in the sample,  which is  calculated
from rij/N; ni is the number of individuals per  milliliter of the ith
taxon; N is the total number of individuals per ml; and S  is  the total number
of taxa.  However, Basharin (1959) and Pielou (1966)  have pointed out that H
calculated from the subsample is a biased estimator of the sample H,  and  if
this bias is to be accounted for, we must know  the total number of  taxa
present in the sample since the magnitude of this bias depends on it.

     Pielou (1966) suggests that if the  number  of taxa  in  the subsample falls
only slightly short of the number in the larger sample, no appreciable error
will result in considering S, estimated  from the subsample, as being  equal to
the sample value.  Even though considerable effort was made to find and
identify all taxa, the Survey samples undoubtedly contain  a fair number of
rare phytoplankton taxa which were not encountered.

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     In the Shannon-Wiener formula,  an  increase  in  the  number  of  taxa  and/or
an increase in the evenness of the distribution  of  individuals among taxa will
increase the average diversity per individual  from  its  minimal  value of  zero.
Sager and Hasler (1969)  found that the  richness  of  taxa was  of minor
importance in determination of average  diversity per  individual for
phytoplankton and they concluded  that  phytoplankton taxa in  excess of  the 10
to 15 most abundant ones have little effect  on H.   This was  verified by  our
own calculations.  Our counts are in number  per  milliliter and since
logarithms to the base 2 were used in  our calculations, H is expressed in
units of bits per individual.  When  individuals  of  a  taxon were so rare  that
they were not counted, a value of 1/130 per  milliliter  or 0.008 per milliliter
was used in the calculations since at  least  one  individual of  the taxon  must
have been present in the collection.

     A Survey sample for a given  lake  represents a  composite of all
phytoplankton collected at different sampling  sites on  the lake during a given
sampling period.  Since the number of  samples  (M) making up  a  composite  is a
function of both the complexity of the  lake  sampled and its  size, it should
affect the richness-of-taxa component  of the diversity  of our  phytoplankton
collections.  The maximum diversity  (MaxH)  (i.e., when  the individuals are
distributed among the taxa as evenly as possible) was estimated from logg S
(Pielou 1966), while the minimum  diversity (MinH),  was  estimated  from  the
formula:
               MinH  =  -

given by Zand (1976).  The total  diversity (D)  was  calculated  from HN  (Pielou
1966).  Also given in Appendix B are L (the mean number of individuals per
taxa per milliliter)  and K (the number of individuals  per milliliter of the
most abundant taxon in the sample).

      The evenness component of diversity (J)  was estimated  from H/MaxH
(Pielou 1966).  Relative evenness (RJ) was calculated  from the formula:


                              RJ
                                     MaxH-HinH
given by Zand (1976).  Zand suggests that RJ be used  as  a  substitute  for both
J and the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and  Dorris  (1968).   As  pointed
out by Zand, the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and  Dorris does  not
properly express what it is intended to show, i.e., the  position of H  in the
range between MaxH and MinH.  RJ may range from 0 to  1;  being  1 for the  most
even samples and 0 for the least even samples.

     Zand (1976) suggests that diversity indices be expressed  in units of
"sits", i.e., in logarithms to base S (where S is the total  number  of  taxa  in
the sample)  instead of in "bits", i.e., in logarithms to base  2.  Zand points
out that the diversity index in sits per individual is a normalized number
ranging from 1 for the most evenly distributed  samples to  0  for the least
evenly distributed samples.  Also, it can be used to  compare different
samples, independent of the number of taxa in each.   The diversity  in bits  per

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individual  should not be used in direct  comparisons  involving various samples
which have  different numbers of taxa.  Since MaxH equals log S, the expression
in sits is  equal  to logs S» or *•  Therefore diversity  in  sits  per
individual  is numerically equivalent  to  J,  the  evenness component for the
Shannon-Wiener formula.
SPECIES OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE

  The alphabetic phytoplankton species  list  for  each  lake,  presented in
Appendix B, gives the concentrations of individual  species  by  sampling date.
Concentrations are in cells, colonies,  or  filaments  (CEL, COL,  FIL) per
millHiter.  An "X" after a species name indicates  that  the species identified
in the preliminary examination was in such a low concentration  that it did not
appear in the count.  A blank space indicates that  the organism was not  found
in the sample collected on that date.  Column S  is  used  to  designate the
examiner's subjective opinion of the five  dominant  taxa  in  a sample, based
upon relative size and concentration of the  organism.  The  percent column (%C)
presents, by abundance, the percentage  composition  of each  taxon.
                                     10

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                              LITERATURE  CITED
Basharin,  G.  P.   1959.   On  a  statistical  estimate  for  the  entropy of a
     sequence of independent  random  variables,  pp.  333-336.   In:  Theory of
     Probability and  Its Applications  (translation  of  "Teoriya  Veroyatnosei  i
     ee Premeneniya").   N.  Artin (ed).   4.   Society for Industrial  and
     Applied  Mathematics, Philadelphia.

Brillouin, L.  1962.   Science and Information  Theory (2nd  ed.).  Academic
     Press, New York.   351  pp.

Hutchinsqn, G. E.  1967.  A Treatise on  Limnology.   II.  Introduction to Lake
     Biology and the  Limnoplankton.   John Wiley and Sons,  Inc., New York.
     1,115 pp.

Nygaard, G.  1949.  Hydrobiological  studies of some Danish ponds and lakes.
     II.  (K danske Vidensk.  Selsk.)  Biol. Sci. 7:293.

Palmer, C. M.  1969.   A composite rating of algae tolerating organic
     pollution.  J. Phycol.  5:78-82.

Pielou, E. C.  1966.   The measurement of diversity in different types of
     biological collections.   J. Theor.  Biol.   13:131-144.

Prescott, G. W.  1970.  How to Know the Freshwater Algae.   William C. Brown
     Company, Dubuque.  348 pp.

Sager, P. E., and A.  D. Hasler.  1969.  Species diversity in lacustrine
     phytoplankton.  I.  The components of the index of diversity
     from Shannon's formula.  Amer. Natur.  103(929):51-59.

Shannon, C.  E., and W.  Weaver.   1963.  The Mathematical Theory of Commu-
     nication.  University of Illinois Press,  Urbana.  117 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1975.  National Eutrophication  Survey
     Methods  1973-1976.  Working Paper No. 175.  Environmental Monitoring and
     Support  Laboratory, Las  Vegas, Nevada, and Corvallis Environmental
     Research Laboratory,  Corvallis, Oregon.  91 pp.

Wilhm, V. L., and T. C.  Dorris.  1968.  Biological parameters  for water
     quality criteria.   Bio-Science.  18:477.

Zand,  S. M.   1976.  Indexes associated with information theory in water
     quality.   J. Water Pollut.  Contr. Fed.  48(8):2026-2031.
                                      11

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                    APPENDIX A




PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES FOR THE STATE  OF NORTH DAKOTA
                       12

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Actinastrum gracilimwn
Amphora sp.
Anabaena circinalis
Anabaena flos-aquae
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
   v. acicularis
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
   v. mirabilis
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Aphanothece sp.
Asterionella formosa
Asterionella formosa
   v. gracillima
Carteria sp.
Ceratium hirundinella
Ceratium hirundinella
   f. furcoides
Ceratium hirundinella
   f. robustum
Ceratium hirundinella
   f. scotticum
Chaetoceros elmorei
Chlamydomonas globosa
ChloTogoniim sp.
Chrooaoccus dispersus
Chroooocaus  lirmeticus
Chroomonas acuta
Chroomonas reflexa
Closteriwn sp.
Cocconeis  pediculus
Cocconeis  placentula
Coelas trim micTOporum
Coelastrum reticulatum
Coeloephaerium kuetzingianum
 Coelosphaerium naegelianum
 Coscinodiscus  lacustris
 Cosmarium sp.
 Crucigenia quadrata
 Crucigenia tetrapedia
 Cvyptomonas  erosa
 Cryptomonas  marssonii
 Cryptomonas  reflexa
 Cryptomonas  rostrata
 Cyclotella meneghiniana
 Cymatopleura elliptica
 Cymatopleura solea
 Cymbella triangulum ?
 Dactylococcopsis fascicularis
 Dactylococcopsis irregularis
 Diatoma vulgare
Dictyosphaerium ehreribergianum
Dictyosphaerium pulchellum
Dinobryan divergens
Dinobryon sertularia
Dinobryon sociale
Dinobryon sociale
   v. americanwn
Diplopsalis acuta
Elakatothrix gelatinosa
Entomoneis alata
Entomoneis ornata
Epithemia sorex
Eudorina elegans
Euglena gracilis
Euglena tripteris
Fragilaria crotonensis
Frustulia rhombo-ides
Glenodinium gymnodinium
Glenodinium oculatum
Glenodinium penardiforme
Gloeocystis gigas
Gloeocystis major  ?
Gloeotrichia echinulata
Gomphonema sp.
Gomphosphaeria aponina  ?
Gomphosphaeria  lacustris
Gymnodinium albulim
Gyrosigma wormleye
Hantzschia sp.
Kirchneriella contorta
Lepocinclis sp.
Lyngbya birgei
Mallomonas acaroides
Mallomonas caudata
Mallomonas pseudocoronata
Melosira distans
Melosira granulata
Melosira granulata
    v.  angustissima
Melosira varians
Merismopedia  glauca
Merismopedia minima
Merismopedia  tenuissima
Microcystis  aeruginosa
Microcystis  incerta
Mougeotia  sp.
 Navicula viridula
    v.  avenacea
 Nitzschia closterium
 Nitzschia filiformis
 Nitzschia siamoidea
                                      13

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Oocystis borgei
Oocystis eremosphaeria
Oocystis parva
Ophiocytium ? sp.
Oscillatoria agardhii
Oscillatoria amphibia
Pandorina morum
Pascherina tetras
Pediastrwn boryanum
Pediastrwn duplex
Pediastrwn duplex
   v. clathratwn
Pediastrwn kawraiskyi
Pediastrwn tetras
Peridinium inoonspiauum
Peridiniwn quadridens
Peridiniwn willei ?
Phacus acwninatus
   v. drezepolskii
Phacus caudatus
Phacus megalopsis
Phacus pleuronectes
Phacus pseudonordstedtii
Phacus pyrum
Phormidiwn mucicola
Pirmularia brevicostata
Quadrigula chodatii
Raphidiopsis sp.
Rhodomonas minuta ?
Rhoicosphenia curvata
Rhopalodia gibba
Scenedesmus abundans
Scenedesmus acuminatus
Scenedesmus bijuga
Scenedesmus dimovphus
Scenedesmus intermedius
Scenedesmus obliquus
Scenedesmus quadricauda
Scenedesmus setigera
Selenastrwn sp.
Spermatosoopsis sp.
Sphaerocystis schroeteri
Spirogyra sp.
Staurastrwn tetracerum
Stephanodiscus astraea
Stephanodiscus niagarae
Surirella angusta
Surirella ovalis
Surirella ovata
Synedra acus
Synedra delicatissima
Synedra ulna
Synura ? sp.
Tetraedron minimum
Tetraedron minimum
   v. scrobiculatum
Tetraedron regulare
Tetraedron regulars
   v. granulata
Tetraedron regulars
   v. incus
Tetraedron trigonum
Tetrastrum staurogeniaeforme
Trachelomonas intermedia
Trachelomonas planctonica
Trachelomonas volvocina
Volvox sp.
                                      14

-------
                 APPENDIX B.   SUMMARY  OF  PHYTOPLANKTON  DATA
     This appendix was generated  by computer.   Because  it  was  only  possible  to
use upper case letters in the printout,  all  scientific  names are  printed  in
upper case and are not italicized.

     The alphabetic phytoplankton lists  include taxa  without species  names
(e.g., EUNOTIA, EUNOTIA #1, FLAGELLATE,  FLAGELLATES,  MICROCYSTIS  IMCERTA  ?,
CHLOROPHYTAN COCCOID CELLED COLONY).  When  species  determinations were  not
possible, symbols or descriptive  phrases were  used  to separate taxa for
enumeration purposes.  Each name  on a  list,  however,  represents a unique
species different from any other  name  on the same  list,  unless otherwise
noted, for counting purposes.

     Numbers were used to separate  unidentified species  of the same genus.   A
generic name listed alone is also a unique  species.  A  question mark  (?)  is
placed immediately after the portion of  a name which  was assigned with
uncertainty.  Numbered, questioned, or otherwise designated taxa  were
established on a lake-by-lake basis; therefore NAVICULA  #2 from lake  A  cannot
be compared to NAVICULA #2 from lake B.   Pluralized categories (e.g.,
FLAGELLATES, CENTRIC DIATOMS, SPP.) were used  for  counting purposes when  taxa
could not be properly differentiated on  the  counting  chamber.
                                     15

-------
LAKE NA*E:  LAKE  ASHTAJULA
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LAKE *AnC: LA« tAHOURl
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(.ARE NANEt flATEJCbK  UKl
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                                         DATE   04 29 74  j7  It  74   09  16  74
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LAKE NAME: LAKE NEIIGJSHE
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                                               NYGAAPU TPuPHIC STATE  INDICES

                                         L*TE    ,7 17 74  09 13  7".
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                                         DATE   07 17 74  09 13 74
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-------
LAKE NANt: PELICAN  LAKfc
STURET NUMBER: 38ii
                                               NYtAAkO  TROPHIC  SlATb INDICES

                                         DATE   07 17 7.00
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-------
LAXt MA1E« SAKAKAUtA
STUREI NuHUiR: 3612
                                               NYGAARO TROPHIC SIAIE INDICES

                                         DATE    C4 3C •("•  07 IB 74  ;9 17 74
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                                         DATE   04 30  74  07 13 74  39 17 74
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                                                     04
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                                         DATE    04 30 74  07 IB 74  09 17 74
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-------
LAKE NAME: SPIRIT UUUO LAKE
       NUMBER: 3813
         GATE

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                                         01
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     13
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                                      38

-------
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-------
LAKE NAME: SHtET 8RIAR RtS.
STORET NUMBERS
                                               NTGAARO  TROPHIC  STATE  INDICES

                                        DATE    04  30  7*   07 16 74  -9 17 7*

                                 HVXOPHYCEAN     02/0  E     SWO £     05/0 E
                               CHLOROPHYCE»N     0/0   0     Cl/0 E     01/0 E
                                EUGLENOPHYfE     0/02  ?     0/05 ?     0/06 ?
                                      OIATUH     0/03  ?     :/01 ?     0/0  ?
                                    COMPOUND     OZ/0  E     05/0 t     06/0 E
                                            PALNEB'S ORGANIC  POLLUTION INDICES

                                        DATE   Ot  30 74   07  lt>  74  09 17 74
                                       GENUS
                                     SPECIES
00
C3
00
00
                                         SPECIES  DIVERSITY  AND  ABUNDANCE  INDICES

                                        DATE    04  30  74   07 16  74   09 17  74

                      AVERAGE DIVERSITY    H       2.81       1.12       G.U9
                         NUPCCR OF  TAXA    S       7.00       9.CO       8.00
           NUtbER OF SAMPLES COnPOSITEO    n       l.uo       2.-0       c.OO
                      MAXIMUM DIVERSITY MAXH       2.81       3.17       3.00
                      HINUHUM DIVERSITY MINH       C.C3       0.02       0.32
                        IOIAL DIVERSITY    0       0.00    4935.04    437).24
         TOTAL NUflfaEK OF I NO IVIOUALS/KL    N       O.OC    4407.CJ    4916.00
                      EVENtSS COMPONENT    J       1.00       0.35       0.30
                       RELATIVE EVCNESS    RJ       0.54       0.35       0.30
        ,!£AN NUMBER OF INUIVICUALS/TAXA    L       o.co    -.69.67     614.50
       NUMBER/ML OF HUST ABUNDANT  TAXON    K       0.01    3415.CO    3997.00
                                      40

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-------
LAKE NAME: WHITMAN LAKE
STORE! NUMBER: 381*
                                               NYGAAHD  TRCPH1C STATE INDICES

                                         DAlt    04  £7 74  J7 16 74  '.<» Ib 74

                                  NYXUPHYCEAN     4.10 fc     '•.CO E    7.00 E
                               CHLOPOPMYCEAN     3.CC I     6.00 E    5.00 E
                                EUGLENUPHYTE     0.1.3 i     0.30 E    0/12 ?
                                      DIATOM     1.00 fc     0.7) I    2.00 E
                                    COHPOUNO     12.0 t     16.0 E    li.O E
                                             PALMER'S  ORGANIC  POLLUTION INDICES

                                         DATE   04  27  74  07 16 74  09 16 74

                                        GENUS        13         01        02
                                      SPECIES        00         00        00
                                          SPECIES  OlVtRSlTY  AND ABUNDANCE INDICES

                                         DATE    04 27  74  07 16 74  J9 16 74

                      AVLRAGc DIVEPSITY     H       3.02       3.0J      1.J7
                         NUHOER OF  1AX*     S      21.00      28.CO     16.00
           NUMBER OF SAMPLES COMPOSITED     M       2.00       2.iC      2.00
                      HAXIHUM DIVERSITY  MAXH       4.39       4.61      4.17
                      MlNbHUH DIVERSITY  MINti       C.30       C.C8      C.02
                        TOTAL DIVERSITY     0    2222.72   12960.00
         TOTAL NUf.BER OF INDIV IDUALS'ML     N    736.00    4J20.CO
                      EVENESS CONPCHENl     J       C.69       C.62      0.2b
                       RELATIVE EVENESS    RJ       U.t7       3.62      0.26
        MEAN NUMBER Qt 1NDIV1DUALS/TAXA     L      35.OS     154.29    631.36
       NUMBER/ML Of M3ST ABUNDANT  TAXCN     K    163.00    1006.00
                                     42

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