EPA-600/2-77-111
June 1977 Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
February 1977 - April 1977
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-77-111
June 1977
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
February 1977 - April 1977
by
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul Nordin
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Grant No. R805052-01
Project Officer
L. T. McCarthy, Jr.
Oil & Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati
Edison, New Jersey 08817
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed,
converted, and used, the related pollutional impacts on our
environment and even on our health often require that new and
increasingly more efficient pollution control methods be used.
The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati
(lERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating new and improved
methodologies that will meet these needs both efficiently and
economically.
This report is a product of the above efforts. It cites current
events, literature, research, patents, and other material relevant
to the oil pollution abatement program and is published in an abstract
format on a quarterly basis. As such, it serves as a basic reference
document for all those-interested in oil spill and oil pollution control
This project is part of the continuing program of the Oil and Hazardous
Materials Spills Branch, lERL-Ci to assess and mitigate the environ-
mental impact of oil pollution.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
iii
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ABSTRACT
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin
designed to review current scientific and technical publications
and research projects in the field of oil pollution. Subject
coverage includes all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution. This issue contains summaries of research projects
and published information selected from the scientific and tech-
nical literature during the period February, 1977 through April,
1977.
The following sections are included in the report:
I. Reports, Publications, and Patents
II. Current Research Projects
III. Current Oil-Related Conferences
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No.
R805052-01 by the Marine Science Institute, University of California,
Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship of the Environmental
Protection Agency.
iv
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iv
Acknowledgments viii
Introduction ix
Abbreviations - Acronyms x
Sections
I. Reports, Publications, and Patents
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 1
Oil Discharges in U.S. Waters - 1975 12
2. Monitoring 18
3. Remote Sensing 29
4. Sampling 33
5. Analysis ' 36
6. Source Identification 49
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1. Containment 51
2. Cleanup and Recovery 54
3. Restoration 73
4. Oil Transfer and Transport 75
5. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods . 82
6. Reclamation and Reuse .100
7. Personnel Training and Education 102
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8. Contingency Planning 104
9. Prevention and Control Measures 108
C. Effects of Oil Pollution Page
1. Biological Effects 118
2. Economic Effects 144
3. General Effects 145
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. Biological Effects 150
2. Physical Effects 152
3. Social Effects 153
4. Economic Effects 154
5. General Effects 155
E. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biodegradation 179
2. Physical Changes 198
3. Chemical Changes 200
4. General Fate of Oil 201
F. Oil Pollution Regulations
1. U.S. Legislation 213
2. Standards and Guidelines 216
3. Agreements and Conventions 218
G. Bibliographies 219
II. Current Research Projects
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Monitoring 221
2. Remote Sensing 223
VI
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3. Analysis 225
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control Page
1. Containment 226
2. Cleanup and Recovery 226
3. Oil Transfer and Transport 227
4. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods, 228
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 230
2. Chemical Effects 235
3. General Effects 235
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. General Effects 239
E. Fate of Oil in the Marine Environment
1. Biodegradation 241
2. General Fate of Oil 245
III. Current Conferences 248
Master List of Keywords 256
Subject Index . . ." 261
Author Index
Appendix
vii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors appreciate the assistance of Ms. Kathy Courtney and
Ms. Patti Thurston in typing the camera-ready copy of Oil Spill and
Oil Pollution Reports. We also wish to thank the personnel of the
Science-Engineering Library, University of California, Santa Barbara,
for their assistance during the research stages of the project.
viii
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INTRODUCTION
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin which
reviews pertinent scientific and technical publications and research
projects to provide its readers with current developments in the field
of oil pollution. This issue contains summaries of articles, reports,
patents, documents, and other materials relating to oil pollution .
published during the period 1974 to 1977 (Section I); summaries and
status of current research projects (Section II); and current oil-
related conferences (Section III).
Subjects covered include all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution. Items in Section I are categorized by seven major subdivisions
which are divided into thirty-one specific subject categories. These
are presented in the Table of Contents. Patents and patent applications
are announced under appropriate subject categories. Subject and author
indexes for entries in Section I are provided at the end of the report.
A list of the periodicals reviewed in preparing this series appears in
the Appendix.
Section II presents titles of active or recently completed oil pollution
research projects, summaries of project objectives, and current status
information and/or resulting publications provided upon request by the
principal investigators or performing organization. Notices of research
projects were obtained from the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
(SSIE); American Society for Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology News-
letter; and Canada, Department of the Environment, Spill Technology
Newsletter. Entries are arranged according to the same subject categories
as in Section I and are ordered by serial number within each subject
division. Some of the current projects listed in previous Oil Pollution
Reports have been recently renewed. These projects have been relisted
and headed by the same serial number as originally reported, followed
by the word (renewal). Renewal entries are listed at the beginning of
each subject category.
Section III, Current Oil-Related Conferences, contains descriptive
information on recently held and upcoming conferences relevant to
any aspects of oil pollution. Conference dates are listed; and, when
information is available, titles, authors, and abstracts of conference
papers are included. All information for this section was obtained
from the periodicals reviewed (Appendix) and from responses to written
inquiries concerning the meetings.
Entries in Section I and II have separate serial numbers. The letters
preceding the serial numbers designate the following: C, reports,
publications, and patents; and R, research projects.
tx
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ABBREVIATIONS
atm atmosphere mg
bbl barrel mi
°C degrees Centigrade min
cm centimeter ml
dwt dead weight ton mm
°F degrees Fahrenheit DCS
ft foot oz
g gram PAH
gal gallon pH
GLC gas-liquid chromatography
gpd gallons per day ppb
gph gallons per hour ppm
gpm gallons per minute sp.
ha hectare TLC
hr hour U.S.
i.e. lid est), that is USSR
in inch
IR infrared UV
kg kilogram VLCC
km kilometers wt
kn knot yr
1 liter
1b pound y
LNG liquefied natural gas %
LOT load on top /
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
m meter
mi 11i gram
mile
minute
mi Hi liter
millimeter
outer continental shelf
ounce
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
the negative log of the H ion
concentration
part per billion
part per million
species
thin-layer chromatography
United States
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
ultraviolet
very large crude carrier
wei ght
year
mi cron
percent
per
ACRONYMS
API American Petroleum Institute
BLM Bureau of Land Management
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EROA Energy Research and Development Administration
FEA Federal Energy Administration
IMCO International Maritime Consultative Organization
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NBS National Bureau of Standards
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NTIS National Technical Information Service
UN United Nations
USCG United States Coast Guard (DOT)
USGS United States Geological Survey
USDI United States Department of Interior
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USN United States Navy
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SECTION I. REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND PATENTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
C-0449-77
COUNTING THE BIRDS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(12}:221.
Contamination, Birds, Coasts, UK, *Mortality
The Beached Bird Survey in the United Kingdom is described in
which volunteers walk coastlines five times during each winter
to check for stricken birds. From their records of birds found,
species, sex, and extent of oil pollution, the Royal Society of
the Protection of Birds has been able to develop a picture of
the oil pollution problem as it affects birds in the UK, and its
variations both regional and seasonal.
C-0450-77
AN EPIDEMIC OF OIL SPILLS(news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Environmental Action (8)17:15.
Oil spills, Tankers, Regulations, Tar, Argo Merchant spill,
*Liberian tankers
Eight Liberian tankers were involved in oil spill incidents over
a three week period; the largest spill was caused by the grounding
and breaking up of the "Argo Merchant". Liberian tanker regula-
tions are discussed and API's investigation into tar balls is
reported.
C-0451-77
EXPLOSION RISK ON SUPERTANKERS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(12):219.
Tankers, Oil tanks, Cleanup, *Explosions, *Safety systems
A report at a London shipping seminar stated that hundreds of
oil-carrying supertankers could explode during tank cleaning at
1
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sea if a malfunction occurs in a built-in safety system specifically
designed to reduce the risk of a vessel blowing up during the
operation. The explosion of the Norwegian tanker, "Berge Istra",
is briefly discussed as an example of a disaster caused by such
a malfunction.
C-0452-77
L.A. TANKER BLAST BAD NEWS FOR OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(52):90.
Tankers, Oil industry, Development, Southern California,
*Sansinena explosion
The oil tanker "Sansinena" explosion is discussed and the possible
effects of this event on oil development and the oil industry in
Southern California are presented. Alaskan oil and liquefied
natural gas are mentioned specifically.
C-0453-77
NATO AND OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(12):220.
Offshore development, North Sea, Oil spills, Leakage, Contingency
planning, *NATO
The director-general of the Norwegian Ministry of the Environment
stated at a NATO meeting that the danger of a serious leak from
North Sea oil fields was becoming more acute as offshore oil
activities increased in the North Sea. He recommended that NATO
countries concerned should prepare for such a disaster by organizing
joint exercises on emergency procedures.
C-0454-77
NORTH SEA OIL SPILL AVERTED (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(1):4.
Oil spills, Offshore production, Platforms, North Sea, *0xygen
corrosion
The shutdown of a British Petroleum offshore platform to stop
the spillage of oil from a pipe fracture is described; the effects
of oxygen corrosion on steel pipes are discussed.
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C-0455-77
OIL SPILLS IN GULF OF MEXICO DOCUMENTED (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(12):31.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Gulf of Mexico, OCS, *USGS
report
A 47 page report, "Oil Spills, 1971-1975, Gulf of Mexico Outer
Continental Shelf", published as U.S.G.S. Circular 741, is
available free from the U.S. Geological Survey's Branch of
Distribution, 1200 South Eads St., Arlington, VA 22202. Accounts
of oil spills, their causes and environmental effects are reported.
C-0456-77
OIL TROUBLES WATERS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical Week 120(1):15.
Oil spills, Tankers, Cleanup, Argo Merchant spill, *01ympic Games
spill, *Sansinena spill
The recent oil tanker disasters of the "Argo Merchant", "Olympic
Games", and "Sansinena" are briefly reviewed and cleanup measures
are discussed.
C-0457-77
POURING TROUBLED OIL ON ATLANTIC WATERS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Science News 111(1):6.
Oil spills, Atlantic coast, Tankers, Environmental effects,
Argo Merchant spill
The grounding of the oil tanker, "Argo Merchant", is reviewed and
the possible environmental effects of the sp.il led oil are discussed.
C-0458-77
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - PROCESSES AND PROBLEMS: THE 27TH ALASKA
SCIENCE CONFERENCE, SPONSORED BY THE ALASKA DIVISION OF THE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND HELD AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA, 4-6 AUGUST 1976.
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Conservation 3(4):310.
Pipelines, Offshore development, OCS, Environmental effects,
Economics, Alaska, *Trans-Alaska pipeline
Over 125 papers and several panel discussions were presented at
this conference on the current status of resource development in
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the North, with special reference to Alaska. Topics discussed
included environmental impacts of the trans-Alaska pipeline,
environmental problems associated with the exploration of the
proposed outer continental shelf oil reserves, and biological,
social, and economic concerns related to current development in
the North.
C-0459-77
A TANKER GOES AGROUND
Anon. 1976.
Safety at Sea International 85:16-17.
Oil spills, Tankers, Environmental effects, Cleanup, Alaska,
*Col d' Bay
An account is given of the grounding of the tanker, "MilIyer
Brown", and the subsequent oil spill. The environmental effects
of the spill on the Cold Bay, Alaska ecosystem are discussed and
the U.S. Coast Guard's attempt to clean up the spilled oil is
described.
C-0460-77
URQUIOLA SPILL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(1):3.
Oil spills, Contamination, Coasts, Spain, *Shellfish, *Urquiola
spill
The damage to the Spanish shellfish industry due to the oil
contamination of 320 km (200 m1)of coastline is discussed and
the cause of the Urquiola disaster is reviewed.
C-0461-77
THE CRUDE OIL POLLUTION OF SAND BEACH BY THE ACCIDENT OF A TANKER
"THE JULIANA" OFF NIIGATA COAST IN 1971
Aoki, S., K. Chihara, I. Kobayashi, and K. Taguchi. 1975.
Science Report of Niigata University Series E, No. 3. p. 51-62.
Oil spills, Crude oil, Tankers, Spreading, Movement, Cleanup,
Dispersants, Beaches, Japan
The grounding of a tanker near the port of Niigata, Japan, in
late November 1971, and the resultant crude oil spill are
chronologically reviewed. The spreading and movement of the
spill onto beaches and efforts to chemically disperse the spilled
oil on water and land are described in detail.
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C-0462-77
ESTIMATING THE POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE OIL SPILLS FROM TANKERS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, AND ONSHORE PIPELINES
Beyer,'A. H., and L. J. Painter. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 21-30. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284.)
Oil spills, Statistics, Tankers, Offshore development, Pipelines,
*Spill predictions
Historical spill statistics are summarized and techniques and
equations are described to predict possible future oil spillage
from marine tankers, offshore petroleum development facilities,
and cross-country pipelines. Information compiled indicates
that word-wide tanker spills can be expected to occur within 80 km
(50 miles) of land an average of one in every 1,000 vessel port-
calls, with an average size of 7,100 bbl and average spill rate
of about 87 bpmb (bbl per million bbl). Average spill rates
from offshore oil facilities and cross-country pipelines are
estimated to be about 72 bpmb and 3.6 bpmb, respectively.
C-0463-77
OIL AND GAS SEEPS IN ALASKA. NORTH-CENTRAL GULF OF ALASKA
Blasko, D. P. 1976.
U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigation, RI8136. 123p.
Natural seepage, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Gulf of Alaska
Results presented of a study of oi.l and gas seeps in the Katalla
River - Bering River and Cape Yakataga - Yakutat Bay regions of
Alaska. The activity and characteristics of previously reported
hydrocarbon seeps were investigated, and the bitumen content of
drainages associated with seeps was determined.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#19197s. 1977]
C-0464-77
THE STATISTICAL PICTURE REGARDING DISCHARGES OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
IN AND AROUND UNITED STATES WATERS
Boyd, B. D., C. C. Bates, and J. R. Harrald. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 38-53.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Statistics, Oil discharges, U.S., Information systems
Statistics regarding the discharge of petroleum hydrocarbons in
and around U.S. waters in 1974 are tabulated and discussed. The
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information is,taken from the 1975 National Academy of Sciences
study "Petroleum in the Marine Environment11, and data from the
USCG Pollution Incident Reporting System (PIRS). The nature and
objectives of these two data bases are briefly compared.
C-0465-77
OIL AND SALT WATER SPILLS IN THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA
Brushett, E. R. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water
Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta Environment, and
University of Calgary, 1975. p. 12-20.
Oil spills, *Salt water spills, Statistics, Pipelines, Canada,
*Alberta
With an annual output of over 500 million barrels of oil per year
and nearly 190 million barrels of salt water accompanying the oil,
some salt water and oil spills in Alberta are certain to occur.
Spill statistics for Alberta are reviewed and analyzed for the
years 1972 to 1975. It is concluded that pipeline breakage and
corrosion represent the greatest inland source of salt water
and oil spills.
C-0466-77
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SCHUYLKILL OIL SPILL II, JUNE 1972
Environmental Protection Agency. 1975.
EPA/430/9-75/019. 205p.
Oil spills, Waste oil, Rivers, Environmental effects, Vegetation,
Pennsylvania, *Schuylkill spill
About 23 to 30 million liters (six to eight million gal) of waste
crankcase oil rerefined sludge were spilled into the Schuylkill
River, Pennsylvania,during a flood. No direct permanent effects
were noted; however, higher concentrations of lead and zinc were
observed downstream. Concentrations of lead and petroleum hydro-
carbons in sediments were higher at downstream stations. Concentra-
tions of lead in downstream benthic macrofauna were also higher.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(25):#PB-258 412/6GA. 1976]
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C-0467-77
OIL SPILLS AND SPILLS OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Environmental Protection Agency, Oil and Special Materials Control
Division. 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency. 40p.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Pollution prevention, Cleanup,
Surveillance, International agreements
This document describes some of the more significant spill incidents
and the mechanisms, both managerial and technological, to deal with
them. Included in the contents are: effects of spills; prevention
of spills; responding to spills; spill surveillance, spill incidents-,
spills of hazardous substances; international cooperation; and EPA
regional offices.
C-0468-77
AN ESTIMATE OF THE AMOUNT OF OIL ENTERING THE OCEANS
Grossling, B. F. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 6-37.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Statistical analysis, *0il input, Sources, Oceans, Crude oil,
Waste oil, Oil discharges, Tankers, Natural seepage
The annual world ocean inputs of crude oil and petroleum products
from natural and manmade sources were estimated for the year 1972.
Spent lubricants contributed about 2,.6 million m tons (17.1 million
bbl); oil industry accidents, about 960,000 m tons (6.4 million
bbl); tanker cleaning discharges, about 360,000 m tons (2.6 million
bbl); arid offshore and onshore natural seeps together contributed
roughly 1-30 million m tons (7.5-220 million bbl). Total world
crude oil production was assessed to be about 8 billion m tons
(20.5 billion bbl).
C-0469-77
INPUT OF HYDROCARBONS FROM SEEPS AND RECENT BIOGENIC SOURCES
Koons, C. B., and P. H. Monaghan. 1976.
Sources, Effects, & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 84-107.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Sources, Hydrocarbons, Oceans, Natural seepage, *Biogenic hydrocarbons,
*Input estimates
The amounts of hydrocarbons in the world's oceans contributed by
various natural sources and processes are estimated. Input from
submarine seepage is estimated to be 0.6 million m tons/year, and
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input from biochemical processes in the oceans, 6 million m tons/
year. The amounts of hydrocarbons transported to the oceans from
natural sources on land are as yet unknown. Biochemical synthesis
of hydrocarbons is briefly described, and contrasting characteristics
of seepage and biogenic hydrocarbons are reviewed.
C-0470-77
OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT AND REMOVAL IN ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS
McLeod, W. R., and D. L. McLeod. 1974.
Energy Resources and Management. Rolla, Missouri, Missouri
University, 1974. p. 135-144.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Disposal, Ecosystems, Arctic
Sixteen arctic and sub-arctic oil spills, their locations, amount
of oil spilled, combatant schemes used in cleanup operations, and
causes for the spills are reported. Analysis of the effectiveness
of available chemical, mechanical, and destructive means of oil
recovery or disposal under arctic and sub-arctic conditions is
discussed and recommendations for further research on these
problems are given.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(44):#226, 378. 1976]
C-0471-77
TO DRILL OR NOT TO DRILL
Mitchell, J. G. 1977.
Audubon 79(1):78-85.
Oil industry, Exploration, Drilling, *Michigan, *Baker Sanctuary
The history of the acquisition of Baker Sanctuary in Michigan is
reviewed and the debate over oil exploration and development at
the sanctuary is discussed.
C-0472-77
SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Myers, L. H. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 66-83.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August "1976.
Hydrocarbons, Sources, Distribution, Industries, Refineries,
*Municipal discharges, *Runoff
The various sources and distributions of biogenic and petroleum
hydrocarbons are reviewed and tabulated. Industrial sources of
hydrocarbon wastes are petroleum production and refining, the
petrochemical industry, steel and iron manufacture, food and
kindred products, and textile mills. Agriculture and municipal
discharges and runoff are other major sources fqr petroleum-
related hydrocarbons.
8
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C-0473-77
KACHEMAK BAY; OIL SPILLS LEAD ALASKA TO REVERSE DRILLING OK
Pan-itch, M. 1976.
Science 193(4248):131.
Oil spills, Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Alaska,
*Kachemak Bay
The history of the George Ferris oil spill in Kachemak Bay, lower
Cook Inlet, Alaska is reviewed. The political, economic, and
environmental effects of the spill are discussed and Alaskan plans
to buy back the lease that was sold three years ago to oil interests
are described.
C-0474-77
JUST ANOTHER OIL SPILL
Reiger, G. 1977.
Audubon 79(1):144-148.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Pollution prevention, Birds, Wildlife,
Chesapeake Bay, USCG •
An account of an oil spill involving the tug, "Falcon", in
Chesapeake Bay in 1976 is given. The actions of the U.S. Coast
Guard in preventing and cleaning up the spilled oil are described
and the deaths of birds and wildlife are discussed.
C-0475-77
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY OIL SPILL - FEBRUARY 2, 1976: A CASE HISTORY
Roland, J. V., G. E. Moore, and M. A. Bellanca. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 523-527. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284).
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Beaches, Marshes, Marine
organisms, Chesapeake Bay
A case history analysis is presented of the Chesapeake Bay oil
spill in which about 946,000 liters (250,000 gallons) of No. 6
oil were discharged into the bay after a barge, the STC-101, sank
in a storm near the Potomac River. The oil contaminated extensive
beach and marsh areas on both sides of the bay. Approximately
632,000 liters (167,000 gallons) of oil were recovered by cleanup
crews. An overall assessment of the environmental damages caused
by the spill is almost complete.
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C-0476-77
A PERSPECTIVE ON THE REGIONAL WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF PETROLEUM
FACILITIES
Schimke, G. R., C. B. Cooper, and E, H. Dohnert. 1975.
American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series 7(151):
25-33.
Oil spills, Ports, Pipelines, Refineries, Oil discharges, Water
quality, *Petroleum facilities
Discussed are spills associated with ocean terminals and pipelines,
and major water quality problems of petroleum refineries.
Volumetrically, the oceanic oil pollution contributed by terminals
and refineries is relatively small. Refinery discharges into
small streams cause significant adverse water quality impacts
regardless of the treatment technology.
[from Chemical Abstracts 76(4):#21498j. 1977]
C-0477-77
POLLUTER DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
Tock, D. G. 1976.
Water Resources Research 12(4):613-616.
Oil spills,U.S,Statistical analysis, Models, Great Lakes,
Coasts, *Discriminant analysis
Statistics in a water pollution data base for U.S. coastal
waterways and Great Lakes are used to develop a model, using
multiple discriminant techniques, to determine which pollution
incident report variables will discriminate the polluter who
reports a spill from one who does not report a spill. As few
as 9 variables out of a possible 60 provide sufficient discrimina-
tory power .
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00312. 1977]
C-0478-77
A REVIEW OF WORLD OIL SPILLAGES, 1960-1975
van-Gelder-Ottway, S., and M. Knight. 1975.
International Petroleum/Field Studies Council Meeting on Marine
Ecology and Oil Pollution, Scotland, 1975. p. 483-520.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Monitoring
Basic details of major oil spillages in recent years are listed
and subsequent biological effects that have been monitored are
included. The emphasis on reporting oil pollution incidents since
1967 is more a product of the increasing awareness of potential
biological damage from these spills than of increases in the
number of incidents.
[from Energy Information Abstracts 1(5):#76-23740. 1976]
10
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C-0479-77
PROJECTION OF PETROLEUM CONTENT OF URBAN RUNOFF
Whipple, W., Jr., J. V. Hunter, and S. L. Yu. 1975.
Petroleum Industry in the Delaware Estuary. Staff report,
NSF-RANN Project G42282.
Industries, Refineries, Delaware, *Urban runoff, *0il content,
*Delaware Estuary
Summary not available.
[from Urbanization and water Quality Control. W. Whipple, Jr.
(ed.) Minneapolis, Minnesota, American Water Resources Association,
1975. p. 168]
C-0480-77
THE AR60 MERCHANT AND BEYOND
Worthington, V. 1977.
Conservation News 42(3):8-10.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Tankers, Cleanup, Argo Merchant
spill
The environmental consequences of the Argo Merchant oil spill are
reviewed and possible legislation concerning oil disasters and
tankers is presented. Other recent Liberian tanker disasters
are described and the U.S. Coast Guard's efforts to contain and
cleanup the spilled oil are discussed.
11
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C-0481-77
The following tables include data relating to oil discharges in the
United States and contiguous waters during the calendar year 1975.
The information was obtained from the U.S. Coast Guard publication,
"Pollution Incidents in and Around U.S. Waters," and is based on
incidents reported to or discovered by Coast Guard personnel.
GENERAL AREAS
Number of
incidents
% of
Total
Volume in
gallons
% of
Total
Atlantic Coast
Gulf Coast
(West of Long.
83°15')
Pacific Coast
Great Lakes
Inland U.S.
TOTAL
2,695
10,141
26.6
1,465,689
100.0 14,439,597
10.2
3,315
1,768
454
1,909
32.8
17.4
4.4
18.8
5,430,212
440,923
307,772
6,795,001
37.6
3.0
2.1
47.1
100.0
12
-------
TYPE OF LOCATION
Inland Maters
1 . Roadsteads
2. Ports
3. Beaches
4. River areas
5. Non-navigable areas
TOTAL
Coastal Waters (including
1. Bays, estuaries and
sounds
2. Ports
3. Beaches
4. River areas
5. Non-navigable areas
6. Open waters
(Great Lakes or
territorial sea)
TOTAL
Contiguous zone
High seas
TOTAL
Number of
incidents
120
472
96
836
112
1,636
Great Lakes)
1,117
3,937
159
1,272
192
955
7,632
188
692
10,141
% of
Total
1.0
4.8
.9
8.2
1.1
16.0
11.0
38.9
1.6
12.5
1.9
9.4
75.3
1.9
6.8
100.0
Volume in
gallons
37,164
1,106,611
88,537
3,816,371
303,752
5,352,435
3,227,563
2,173,847
108,588
2,008,819
214,447
453,683
8,186,947
5,725
894,490
14,439,597
% of
Total
.3
7.7
.6
26.4
2.1
37.1
22?3
15.1
.8
13.9
1.5
3.1
56.7
.0
6.2
100.0
13
-------
TYPE OF MATERIAL DISCHARGE
Number of
incidents
Crude oil
Gasoline
Other distillate
fuel oil
Solvent
Diesel oil
Asphalt or residual
fuel oil
Animal or vegetable
oil
Waste oil
Other oil
TOTAL
2,678
540
273
50
1,736
1,010
72
1,094
2,688
10,141
% of
Total
26.4
5.3
2.7
0.5
17.1
10.0
0.7
10.8
26.5
100.0
Volume of
gallons
7,664,834
1,393,367
952,725
8,683
843,406
739,066
54,162
197,706
2,585,648
14,439,597
% of
Total
53.0
9.6
6.7
0.0
5.9
5.1
0.4
1.4
17.9
100.0
14
-------
SOURCES
Number of
incidents
3,053
VESSELS
1. Dry cargo ships
2. Dry cargo barges
3. Tank ships
4. Tank barges
5. Combatant vessels
6. Other vessels
TOTAL
LAND VEHICLES
1. Rail vehicles
2. Highway vehicles
3. Other/unknown vehicles
TOTAL
NON-TRANSPORTATION-RELATED
FACILITIES
1. Onshore refinery
2. Onshore bulk/storage
3. Onshore production
4. Offshore production
facilities
5. Other facilities
TOTAL
PIPELINES
MARINE FACILITIES .
1. Onshore/offshore bulk cargo
transfer
2. Onshore/offshore fueling
3. Onshore/offshore nonbulk
cargo transfer
4. Other transportation-related
marine facilities
TOTAL
LAND FACILITIES
MISC/UNKNOWN
TOTAL 10,141
Volume in
gallons
21,843
5,215
1,766,729
3,467,203
16,913
1.353,947
6,631,850
0.2
0.0
12.2
24.0
0.1
9.4
45.9
27
263
20
310
0.4
2.6
0.1
3.1
576,507
356,601
2,617
935,725
4.0
2.4
0.0
6.4
176
305
233
1,243
762
27779
564
1.7
3.0
2.3
12.3
7.5
26.8
5.6
145,722
476,768
2,626,992
78,217
567,924
3,895,623
2,490,237
1.0
3.3
18.2
0.5
4.0
27.0
17.3
250
74
19
1
80
423
167
2,905
2.5
0.7
0.2
0.8
4.2
1.6
28.6
81,203
9,388
1,326
7,239
99,156
200,962
186,044
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.5
1.3
100.00 14,439,597 100.00
15
-------
CAUSES
Hull/tank rupture/leak
Transportation pipeline
rupture leak
Other structural failure
Pipe rupture/leak
Hose rupture/leak
Valve failure
Pump failure
Other rupture/leak
Other equipment failure
Tank overflow
Improper handling operation
Other personnel error
Bilge pumping
Ballast pumping
Other intentional discharge
Natural or chronic
phenomenon
Unknown/Miscellaneous
TOTAL
Number of
incidents
757
235
200
954
220
256
no
29
1,069
464
679
511
195
21
269
352
3,820
10,141
% of
Total
7.5
2.3
2.0
9.5
2.1
2.5
1.0
.2
10.5
4.5
6.5
5.1
1.9
.2
2.6
3.5
38.1
100.00
Volume in
gallons
6,359,433
1,200,004
2,744,656
1,322,385
120,203
251 ,608
39,499
94,683
221,956
473,454
276,226
504,976
14,821
754
196,089
144,115
474,735
14,439,597
% of
Total
44.0
8.3
19.0
9.2
0.8
1.7
0.3
0.7
1.5
3.3
4.3
3.5
0.1
0.0
1.4
1.0
0.9
100.00
16
-------
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
8,635,395
a.
16,764,721 S°§
3- O — •
15,143,000 jp!
n>
o.
15,802,000
14,439,597
7,522
a.
8,380 w' z
o c
. .. .. T O ^
» -t> CT
11,003 5 3
(D
11,440
10,141
.., i i/ifi
? 000 °-
c.,uuu _,_ < >
(A O <
n TJ -j m
1 17f; S" ™ 1 J?
!»J/b T ro
•™ (B
i ?m
1 ,OOl
1 A9T
1 jftJ
DISCHARGE TRENDS FOR CALENDAR YEARS 1970-1975
-------
2. MONITORING
C-0482-77
NASA MONITORING HELPS NOAA IN TRACKING OIL SPILL IN ATLANTIC
Anon. 1977.
Aviation Weekly & Space Technology 106(2):21.
Oil spills, Remote sensing, Spreading, Movement, Atlantic Ocean,
Argo Merchant spill, Monitoring
NASA spacecraft and remote sensing aircraft have been involved in
tracking the oil spilled by the Liberian tanker, "Argo Merchant",
off Nantucket, Massachusetts. NASA overflights were initiated in
late December, 1976, and have continued into early January, 1977,
in an attempt to monitor and track the spreading and movement of
the oil slick.
C-0483-77
DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF A SHIPBOARD, CONTINUOUS, ON-LINE OIL-IN-
WATER CONTENF MONITOR USING FORWARD (LASER) LIGHT SCATTERING
TECHNIQUES
Batutis, E. P., and R. L. Skewes. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 157-160. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Detection, Ships, Monitoring, Designand engineer!ng,USCG, *0il-in-watei
Procedures and results of a U.S. Coast Guard program to evaluate
a shipboard oil-in-water content monitoring approach developed
by General Electric Company are reviewed. The concept used allows
for the detection of 0-100 ppm of a wide variety of oils and has
low sensitivity to salinty, temperature, pH, and the presence of
detergents. The instrument package is compact, lightweight, and
designed for continuous monitoring capability.
C-0484-77
PROCESS FOR MEASURING THE OIL CONTENT OF WATER
Bolzmann, H. 1976.
German Patent 2,408,772
Oil slicks, Patent, Monitoring, *0il content, *Echo sounding
The oil content of water is measured as a function of the thickness
of the oil layer at the surface of the water by using echo sounding.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(42):#226,002. 1976]
18
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C-0485-77
SHIPBOARD OIL-IN-WATER MONITOR
Bordeaux, J. 1976.
Final report, FR-2677-101; Contract N00024-74-C-5445. 57p.
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Ships, Solvents, Spectroscopy, Absorption, *Laser beam
An oil-in-water monitor is described which uses solvent extraction
of oil and measures the infrared energy absorbed by the C-H bond.
A cellulose acetate non-woven tape is saturated with perchlorethylene
and the oily water is impinged onto the tape. The oil is extracted
and the IR absorption measured using a dual beam laser system.
[from Government Reports Announcements 72(22):#AD-A028 785/4GA.
1976]
C-0486-77
MONITORING PROCEDURES FOR CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS IN COASTAL WATERS
Dunn, B. P., and H. F. Stich. 1976.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(9):2040-2046.
PAH, Coasts, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Fluorimetry, Monitoring*
Sampling, Carcinogens, *Coastal waters
Sampling and analytical procedures developed to assess the
contamination of coastal waters by carcinogenic polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are discussed. The procedures
involved extraction and purification of hydrocarbon fractions
from marine sediments and organisms, and detection of compounds
by thin-layer Chromatography, fluorimetry, or gas Chromatography.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21482z. 1977]
C-0487-77
BASELINE LEVELS OF BENZO(A)PYRENE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MUSSELS
Dunn, B. P., and D. R. Young. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(12):231-234.
PAH, Mollusks, Southern California, Carcinogens, Monitoring,*Mussels
*Benzo(a)pyrene
A survey was made of the levels of benzo(a)pyrene in mussels from
19 mainland and 6 island stations in the California Bight. The
study indicates that carcinogen levels in mussels are at or near
zero, except in areas of human activity. These findings contradict
previous suggestions that benzo(a)pyrene is widely distributed in
marine organisms.
19
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C-0488-77
LIGHT SCATTERING TECHNIQUES FOR DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN OIL AND
PARTICULATES IN CONTAMINATED WATER
Friedman, B. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 153-156. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284}
Detection, Wastewaters, Analytical techniques, Monitoring,
*Particulates, *0il-in-water, *Light scattering
Particulate matter interferes with the application of light scattering
techniques used in several existing and proposed types of oil-in-
water monitors. A mathematical analysis was made of the possibility
of discriminating between oil and particulates by using measurements
of the angular intensity distribution of scattered light. It was
found that, even with the determination of the state of polarization
of the scattered light, a distinction of oil and particulates is
difficult.
C-0489-77
EXPERIENCE IN MONITORING THE OIL CONTENT OF BALLAST WATER BEING
DISCHARGED BY TANKERS
Fleming, K., and J. P. P. Dick. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 165-168. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil discharges, Ballast, Tankers, Design and engineering, Monitoring
The major requirements of a practical shipboard monitoring system
are outlined. The Societe d'Etude et de Realisation d'Equipementes
Speciaux (SERES) Directe Response Ultra-Rapide (DRUR) Type 1 oil
content monitor and its onboard installation are described. Typical
experience in monitoring tanker effluents is discussed and common
problems, especially with the sampling system, are reviewed.
Practical experience in regard to compliance with the 1973
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
is also discussed.
C-0490-77
STRATEGIES FOR MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING
Goldberg, E. D. 1976.
New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1976. 31Op.
Contaminants, Oceans, Hydrocarbons, Tar, Analytical techniques,
Sampling, Marine organisms, Monitoring
Methods are described for the analysis of organic marine
environmental pollutants including petroleum hydrocarbons,
PCB and DDT compounds, low molecular weight hydrocarbons,
phthalates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, plastics, pelagic tars and
20
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other litter. Discussions of sampling sites, organisms selected
for monitoring, and transport paths are included.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00344. 1977]
C-0491-77
OIL-IN-WATER MONITOR
Grant, M. G. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,966, 603
Monitoring, Wastewaters, Oil-water separation, Patent
An oil-in-water monitor is described which is equipped with sensors
that measure the amount of oil, turbidity, and flow rates of effluents
from an oil-water separator. If predetermined limits are exceeded,
the sensors activate alarms and/or automatically recirculate the
effluent.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#166219h. 1976]
3,966,603
OIL-1N-\VATER MOM I OR
Michael G. Grant, Rle. 5 Box 1894, Frrdrrickshure V«
22401
Filed Nov. 25, 1975, Ser. No. 635,492
Int. Cl.1 B01D 35/00
U.S. Cl. 210-86 12 Claims
C-0492-77
DETERMINATION OF OIL CONTENT IN WASTEWATER [in Japanese]
Hagiwara, K. 1976.
Kagaku Kojo 20(7):35-39.
Monitoring, Wastewaters, Detection, Chemical analysis
"A review with 14 references of problems in JIS method of analysis
of wastewater containing a low concentration of oils."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):21327c. 1977]
21
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C-0493-77
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR
Hornig, A. W., J. T. Brownrigg, B. R. Chisholm, L. P. Gien'ng, and
R. L. Skewes. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 147-152. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, *0il-in-water, Design and engineering,
*Fluorescence
An oil-in-water content monitor, which utilizes the fluorescence
characteristics of aromatic components of petroleum, has been
developed by Baird-Atomic, Inc. High senstivity, real time output,
fast response time, insensitivity to interferences, and low
sensitivity to particulates are advantages of the technique;
unequal luminescence response of various oil components presents
the main problem. Two main approaches utilizing this technique
are detailed: a synchronous scan monitoring device and a more
generally applicable total luminescence monitor (TLS).
C-0494-77
ULTRASONIC POLLUTION MONITOR
Houlihan, T. M., and F. K. McGrath. 1976.
Proceedings of the Institute of Environmental Science No 22:487-490.
Monitoring, Contamination, Ships, Ballast, Bilges
An ultrasonic pollution monitor is described which is capable of
accurately measuring oil contamination as low as 22 ppm oil in
water. The monitoring system is intended for use on shipboard
bilge and ballast waters.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#166154h. 1976]
C-0495-77
HIGH SEAS OIL POLLUTION: PARTICIPATE PETROLEUM RESIDUES IN THE
NORTH ATLANTIC
Levy, E. M., and A. Walton. 1976.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(12):2781-2791.
Monitoring, Tar, Sampling, Distribution, Atlantic Ocean
Water samples were taken from the North Atlantic over a three year
period. Waters north of the Gulf Stream-North Atlantic Current
system were virtually free from floating tar; while the waters of
the Gulf Stream, Sargasso Sea, and Caribbean Sea were more heavily
polluted. The distribution of tar is due to shipping and tanker
traffic and surface circulation patterns.
22
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C-0496-77
LEAK DETECTOR APPARATUS
Leybold Heraeus GmbH Company. 1976.
French Patent 2,283,431
Monitoring, Leakage, Detection, Oil tanks, Patent, Design and
engineering
An apparatus which is more sensitive and has a faster response
time than other leak detectors is described. The device is designed
to detect leakage from tanks.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(4):#229,351.' 1977]
C-0497-77
DISTRIBUTION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS IN SOUTHERN
BEAUFORT SEA
Macdonald, R. W. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(12):1241-1246.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Distribution, Water quality, Beaufort
Sea
Ci and C4 hydrocarbon concentrations were measured in the Southern
Beaufort Sea continental shelf region. Saturated hydrocarbon
concentrations were low in contrast to other shelf areas where
shipping, ballast dumping, and drilling have occurred; thus, their
concentrations could serve as indicators of deteriorating water
quality.
C-0498-77
SURVEILLANCE OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FOR HYDROCARBONS
McAuliffe, C. D. 1976.
Marine Science Communications 2(1):13-42.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Oceans, Surveillance, Distribution
Low molecular weight hydrocarbons are found throughout the oceans,
approximately in equilibrium with atmospheric CH4. These gases
and CgHg and C$\Q found in the top 200 m of water are mostly
biogenic. Higher molecular weight hydrocarbons are restricted
to the top 10 m of water, principally as particles, with concen-
trations decreasing from the sea-air interface.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(24):#182092s. 1976]
23
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C-0499-77
A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING
CRUDE OIL IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
Miles, D. H., M. 0. Coign, and L. R. Brown. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 179-182. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Monitoring, Crude oil, Detection, Chromatography, Sediments,
*0il-in-water, *Biological materials
A rapid method for detecting and estimating the amount of crude
oil in the presence of large amounts of biological material is
described. The method involves use of high pressure liquid
Chromatography with chloroform as the solvent, an excitation
wavelength of 403 nm, and an emission wavelength of 418 nm.
Results of experiments indicate that even the least responsive
oils can be detected at concentrations less than 1 yg and that
the method is selective, sensitive, and yields reproducible data.
C-0500-77
FRAMEWORK FOR BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
Monastero, F. C. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for the
South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop
Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle Park,
N.C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 15-24. Held at
Atlanta, 1975.
Monitoring, OCS, Coasts, EIS, Oil-gas leasing, Regulations, BLM,
*Environmental Studies Project
BLM's Environmental Studies Project encompasses a broad range of
studies designed to gather data on the physical, chemical, biological
and geological aspects of the OCS, nearshore and coastal environments.
Information from these studies is essential in oil-gas leasing,
lease modifications, EIS preparation, and formulation of regulations.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11476. 1976]
24
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C-0501-77
HYDROCARBON POLLUTION MONITORING - A NATIONAL IMPERATIVE
Monastero, F. C. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 108-119.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Oil spills, Pollution control, Surveillance,
Government agencies, EPA, USGS, USCG, *UN
Four programs presently in effect which monitor petroleum hydrocarbons
in the environment are briefly outlined. Programs are conducted by
EPA, Office of Monitoring Systems; U.S. Coast Guard, Pollution
Incident Reporting System (PIRS), Transportation Induced Pollution
Surveillance System (TIPS), Airborne Remote Surveillance System (ARSS),
and Airborne Oil Surveillance System (AOSS); the U.S. Geological
Survey petroleum monitoring and compliance inspections program;
and the U.N. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC),
Integrated Global Ocean Station System (IGOSS).
C-0502-77
OIL DETECTOR ELEMENT
Ohtsu, T., Y. Nakamura, and A. Sugimoto. 1976.
French Patent 2,276,584
Monitoring, Leakage, Pipelines, Oil slicks, Wastewaters, Detection,
Design and engineering, Patent
The oil detector consists of a housing with a water-repellant,
oil-transmitting filter element mounted in a side opening. The
back side of the filter is covered with conducting particles;
the two faces of the layer of the particles are connected to
electrodes. The device is suitable for a wide variety of applications.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#229,120. 1977]
C-0503-77
HYDROCARBON FILM DETECTOR FOR CALM AND AGITATED WATERS
Ralet, C., and D. Ralet. 1976.
Belgian Patent 813,640
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Detection, Patent, Design and engineering
Hydrocarbons are detected by an electronic conductivity system
mounted on a float.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(6):#230,168. 1977]
25
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C-0504-77
FEASIBILITY OF CONTINUOUS MONITORING FOR OIL POLLUTION ACROSS
CHANNELS AND RIVERS
Ramble, G. S., Jr., R. H. Morgan, and D. R. Jones. 1977.
1977011 Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 193-196. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Rivers, Design and engineering, *Infrared
scanning oil sensor
Several monitoring systems have been developed for detecting oil
pollution in channels and rivers and are currently under evaluation.
This report describes the characteristics, application,and evaluation
of a bistatic active infrared scanning oil sensor under development
by Rambie, Inc.
C-0505-77
PETROLEUM AND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE ON THE COMPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS
FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT
Reed, W. E., I. R. Kaplan, M. Sandstrom, and P. Mankiewicz. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 183-188. (American Petroleum
Institute No 4284)
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Chemical analysis, Source
identification, Southern California
Low to high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and various
anthropogenic organic chemicals have been detected in nearly all
sandy intertidal and benthic sediments collected from the Southern
California borderland and have been characterized by gas chromato-
graphy and mass spectrometry. Benthic samples showed considerable
compositional variations from region to region. Intertidal sediment
samples showed variations related to tidal position; samples from
low tide levels had the highest hydrocarbon concentrations. Sources
of hydrocarbons in the Southern California Bight include anthropogenic
sources - municipal and industrial wastes, shipping and oil transport -
and inputs from many natural seeps and the organic-rich Tertiary
sediments.
26
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C-0506-77
MONITORING OIL CONTENT IN SHIPBOARD WASTE WATER DISCHARGES BY USE
OF A MULTI-PHASED DYE TRANSFER PROCESS
Ricci, R. J., and A. M. Kelley. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 161-164. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Wastewater' Ships' Des19n and engineering,
A new process for oil-in-water monitoring in the 1-200 ppm range
has been developed by the U.S. Navy and engineered into a portable
compact and low-cost shipboard instrument package. The system
reliably and accurately measures oil content irrespective of the
type of oil or the presence of solids, detergents and other
contaminants. Instrument prototype evaluation and continuing
development of the system are described.
C-0507-77
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASCERTAINING SMALL AMOUNTS OF OIL IN WATER
Stenstrom, B. H. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,964,295
Monitoring, Wastewaters, Bilges, Ships, Oil-water separation,
Patent
A defined amount of water is removed so as to concentrate the oil
and then the oil content is measured. The oil is concentrated
by passing a predetermined amount of oily water per unit of time
through a determined area of a filter material which absorbs or
separates oil. Oil content is measured photo-electrically by
determination of the color change of the oil-absorbing filter
material.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(24):#W76-13156. 1976]
3,964,295
MKTHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASCERTAINING SMAl L
AMOIATS OF OIL IN WATF.R
Hii'rje Harald Slenstrom. F.nthvherg, Sweden, assignor to Salen
& Wicandtr AB, Sundhjhcrg, Sweden
Cnntinuation-in-parf of SIT. No. 340,152, March 12, 1973
abandoned. This application Aug. 6, 1974, Ser. No. 495,179
Int. CI.J COIN 21/06
L-.S.CI. 73-61.1 R 8c|aims
27
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C-0508-77
DESIGNING WATER POLLUTION DETECTION SYSTEMS - ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT ON THE U.S. COASTAL WATERS AND THE GREAT LAKES
Wright, G. P., and D. G. Olson. 1975.
Chichester, England, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 1975. 225p.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Ships, Surveillance, Design and
engineering, Law enforcement, Environmental protection, USCG
This book is the result of a study on designing an effective
airborne pollution detection and surveillance system for the
U.S. Coast Guard. Chapter 1 explains the scope of the environ-
mental protection and enforcement program. Chapter 2 evaluates
pollution surveillance effectiveness and the allocation of
resources. The third and fourth chapters present data on
petroleum shipping in U.S. waters and pollution incident
statistics from 1965 to 1972. An overview of oil and hazardous
materials detection methods is given in Chapter 5, and computer
applications to pollution surveillance are detailed in Chapter 6.
[from Water, Air and Soil Pollution 5(3):372. 1976]
C-0509-77
BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS IN INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES
Zsolnay, A., N. G. Maynard, and C. D. Gebelein. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 173-177. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Intertidal zone,
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Metabolism, *Biogenic hydrocarbons
Littoral marine flora and fauna from Bermuda were monitored for
biogenic hydrocarbon content from late 1974 to early 1976; the
hydrocarbons were characterized, differentiated from petroleum
hydrocarbons, and quantified by gas-liquid Chromatography.
Experimental procedures used are reviewed. Macroalgae and algal
mats had a mean of 35.5 yg/g of biogenic hydrocarbons and the
invertebrates had a mean content of 10.5 yg/g (except for the
barnacle.Chthamalus stellatus.with 108.0 yg/g). Present data
do not clearly indicate whether the invertebrates are actively
synthesizing the hydrocarbons, or simply incorporating them
from their food sources.
28
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3. REMOTE SENSING
C-0510-77
EEC REMOTE SENSING OF POLLUTION (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(12):219.
Remote sensing, Contaminants, Oil slicks, Coasts, Europe, *Nimbus
satellite
American and European scientists met in September, 1976, to discuss
the EURASEP project (Europe Association of Scientists for Experiments
with Pollution). The European Commission is interested in collabo-
rating with the U.S. on the use of the Nimbus satellite for remote
sensing of coastal water pollution. Among the applications of the
satellite are detection of oil slicks at sea and industrial waste
in estuaries.
C-0511-77
SATELLITE SENTINEL FOR OIL SPILLS IN 1978?
Hovis, W. A., and D. R. Jones; 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 211-214. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Detection, Surveillance, Natural
seepage, Santa Barbara Channel
The limited capabilities of existing satellite remote sensing
systems for monitoring oil slicks are discussed. The much greater
oil spill detection and surveillance capability of the proposed
Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), designed to be onboard Nimbus
G in 1978, is described. Preliminary tests of the CZCS in NASA
U-Z high altitude flights have demonstrated a capacity for detecting
natural seepage off Coal Oil Point near Santa Barbara. More testing
of the CZCS is urged.
29
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C-512-77
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS IN SUPPORT OF OIL SPILL CLEANUP,
CONTROL AND PREVENTION
Jones, D. R., R. Landers, and A. Pressman. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 221-222. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Pollution control, Cleanup, Law
enforcement, EPA
Environmental Protection Agency sponsored aerial reconnaisance
and mapping of oil spills and oil contamination has been carried
out over several years. This paper briefly outlines the scope
and purpose of the ongoing pollution surveillance and compliance
monitoring program.
C-0513-77
REMOTE SENSING OF OIL SLICKS WITH MICROWAVE RADIOMETER
Kaski, K., and A. Laeaeperi. 1976.
REPT-S-83. 18p.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Detection, Source identification,
*Microwave radiometry
Oil slicks on the sea surface were detected, mapped, and
identified through the use of microwave radiometry. The
performance of this technique is assessed and experimental
results are reported.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(22):#N76-31722
1976]
C-0514-77
ESTUARINE DENSITY FRONTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON OIL SLICKS
Klemas, V., D. Polis, and G. Davis. 1976.
NASA-CR-148518; Contract NAS5-20983. 3p.
Remote sensing, Estuaries, *Fronts, Delaware Bay, Oil slicks,
Drift, Spreading, Models
Landsat imagery was used to determine the location and extent
of estuarine frontal systems over all portions of the tidal
cycle. These fronts represent regions of extremely high
gradient or discontinuity in water velocity and density fields.
Boats were used in Delaware Bay to study the behavior of front
parameters and their effect on pollutants in order to provide
a basis for improving an oil drift and spreading model.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(22):#E76-10441. 1976]
30
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C-0515-77
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF REAL AND SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS FOR
THE DETECTION OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL
Kraus, S. P., J. E. Estes, and R. R. Vollmers. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 203-208. (American Petroleum
Institute No 4284)
Remote sensing, Detection, Oil slicks, Natural seepage, Platforms,
Santa Barbara Channel, USC6, *Side-looking radar
A series of U.S. Coast Guard-sponsored tests were conducted in the
Santa Barbara Channel during May,l976,to evaluate the oil detection and
surface target sensing capabilities of two Motorola side-looking
radar systems: a real aperture AN/APS-94D, and a synthetic aperture
coherent-on-receive (COR). Among the test targets of coincident
overflights were natural seeps, induced simulated oil slicks and
offshore platforms. Based on 10 coincident flights, COR provided
better detection of natural and manmade slicks, while the APS-94D
consistently exhibited better surface target resolution results.
C-0516-77
U.S. COAST GUARD AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM STATUS REPORT
Maurer, A. T., A. T. Edgerton, and D. C. Meeks. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 215-220. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Detection, Surveillance, USCG,*Airborne
coastal patrol
Evaluation of a U.S. Coast Guard prototype operational airborne
coastal patrol system has been completed. This paper describes
(1) results of prototype operational evaluation, (2) operational
configuration of the C-130 aircraft in which the sensor equipment
will be installed for deployment, and (3) future plans for the
system.
31
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C-0517-77
THE DETECTION AND MAPPING OF OIL ON A MARSHY AREA BY A REMOTE
LUMINESCENT SENSOR
McFarlane, C., and R. Watson. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 197-202. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284}
Remote sensing, Detection, Oil spills, Marshes, Contamination,
*Remote luminescent sensor
An airborne luminescence detector with a Fraunhofer Line
Discriminator was flown over a marshy area in Louisiana which
had been heavily contaminated by an oil well blowout. Good
correlation was observed between the remote sensing and ground
truth data. The feasibility of using this instrument for
delineating and assessing oil contamination levels and ecological
damage is discussed.
C-0518-77
EVALUATION OF OPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR REMOTE SENSING OF OIL SPILLS
IN THE BEAUFORT SEA
McNeil, W. R. and P. A. Lapp. 1976.
Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, 3rd, Edmonton, Alberta, 1975.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, 1976.
p. 297-308.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Beaufort Sea, *0ptical techniques
Meteorological and ice climatalogical conditions and remote
sensing objectives need to be considered in selecting optical
techniques. Three broadly defined electro-optical sensor classes,
photometric, intensified photometric and thermal, are evaluated
in terms of their "effective probability" for target registration.
[from The Engineering Index 14(12):#085715. 1976]
C-0519-77
CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE OIL MONITORING EQUIPMENT
Wright, J. A. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 209-210. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Remote sensing, Refineries, Wastewaters, Monitoring, Oil slicks
Industrial experience shows that single-point monitoring of
wastewater stream surfaces using an infrared reflectance
instrument effectively detects oil films associated with oil
concentrations in water as low as 1 ppm. Four case histories
of installations in petroleum refineries and industrial plants
illustrate the application of this monitoring system.
32
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4. SAMPLING
C-0520-77
NONVOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN
Brown, R. A., and T. D. Searl. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 239-255.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Pacific Ocean, *Tanker
routes
To obtain baseline data on the Pacific Ocean, extractable organics
and nonvolatile (C"|4+) hydrocarbons were quantified and c; iracterized
from over 300 samples taken along 27,000 km (17,000 mi) of tanker
routes. The hydrocarbons were complex mixtures which appeared to
be of both biogenic and petroleum origin. A natural background of
1.5 ppb hydrocarbons occurs in ocean surface waters based on data
from this and other studies.
C-0521-77
DISTRIBUTION OF VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN SOME PACIFIC OCEAN WATERS
Koons, C. B. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 589-592. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Distribution, Pacific Ocean, *Tanker routes
Distributions of volatile Cq to CQ hydrocarbons were sampled in
1974 along three major Pacific tanker routes: San Francisco -
Cook Inlet, Alaska; San Francisco - Panama; and San Francisco -
Singapore. Of the 138 surface and 10 m-deep samples taken,
median concentrations were 0.33 ppb (by weight) and 0.10 ppb,
respectively. Sampling and analytical procedures are briefly
described, and pertinent data are presented. These data indicate
that the highest concentrations occur along the San Francisco -
Cook Inlet route.
33
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'C-0522-77
HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO SEDIMENTS
Lytle, T. F., J. S. Lytle, P. J. Gearing, and J. N. Gearing. 1975.
Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science 20(Supplement):8.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Chemical analysis, Sources,
Distribution, Gulf of Mexico
Sediments collected from 65 locations were analyzed for aliphatic
and aromatic hydrocarbons. Only sediments from offshore Mississippi
Louisiana exhibited evidence of terrestrial input. Characteristic
unresolved envelopes, distributions of aliphatic hydrocarbons,
pristane/ phytane ratios, and other calculated parameters were
used to designate possible petroleum pollution areas.
[from Bioresearch Index 12(12):#92074. 1976]
C-0523-77
EPIFAUNA AT JACKSON POINT IN PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA, DECEMBER 1970
THROUGH SEPTEMBER 1972
Nauman, J. W., and D. R. Kernodle. 1976.
Journal of the Research of the U.S. Geological Survey 4(3):299-304.
Sampling, Benthos, Estuaries, Water quality, Alaska, *Epifauna
A biological sampling program at Jackson Point (proposed oil
terminal site) was begun in December, 1970. Results of the
sampling operations for the two-year period are given. Diversity
values were lower during 1972, except for the spring sample.
Seasonal diversity varied from 0.36 in the summer of 1972 to
3.99 in the fall of 1971.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(24):#W76-13070. 1976]
C-0524-77
MICRO-ORGANISMS AND HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTH SEA DURING JULY-
AUGUST, 1975
Oppenheimer, C. H., W. Gunkel, and G. Gassmann. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 593-610. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Distribution, Microorganisms, Bacteria,
Tar, Sediments, Offshore development, North Sea
As a part of a cooperative program to determine the ecological
effects of North Sea and offshore Louisiana oil development and
exploitation, the title study was undertaken to determine the
distribution of hydrocarbons and their interaction with micro-
organisms of the North Sea oil field areas. This report presents
preliminary analyses of cruise data relating to abundance of
microorganisms at the water surface, at 10 m depth and in bottom
sediments; ratios of oil degrading bacteria to heterotrophs; and
distribution of hydrocarbons and tar balls in water and sediments.
34
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C-0525-77
EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS AND NONVOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN NEW YORK
HARBOR WATERS
Searl, T. D., H. L. Huffman, Jr., and J. P. Thomas. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 583-588. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, *Extractable organics, Harbors, New York,
Contamination, Distribution
Selected stations in New York Harbor were sampled in November,
1974, and March-June, 1975, for carbon tetrachlon"de-extractable
organics and nonvolatile hydrocarbons. Average contaminant
concentrations were about one order of magnitude higher than
those reported for open ocean. Diversity patterns and regional
variations are reported and tabulated; some variations in the
ratio of hydrocarbons to other organics are attributed to
oxidation and/or adsorption and precipitation of hydrocarbons.
C-0526-77
HYDROCARBON UPTAKE BY DEEP SEA BENTHOS
Teal, J. M. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 358-372.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Benthos, Uptake, Chemical
analysis, Tar, *Abyssal depths
Hydrocarbons were analyzed from sediments and benthic animals
collected at abyssal depths of 5500 m to 5800 m, and the preliminary
results are presented. Petroleum hydrocarbons were found in some
of the samples and found to be similar to those found in tar balls.
35
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5. ANALYSIS
C-0527-77
EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL, SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC
METHODS USED TO IDENTIFY OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTANTS [English summary]
Albaiges, J., J. Rivera, J. M. Torradas, and M. R. Cuberes. 1976.
Revue de VInstitut Francais du Petrole 31(3):427-450.
Oil slicks, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectroscopy,
Detection
Various methods used to identify the leading petroleum pollutants
of the sea by quantitative analysis of their passive markers and
by determining other intrinsic properties are reviewed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(48):#227,465. 1976]
C-0528-77
DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN A FILM
FLOATING ON THE SEA SURFACE [English summary]
Anufrieva, N. M., A. B. Gornitsky, M. P. Nesterova, and I. A.
Nemirovskaya. 1976.
Okeanologiya 16(2):255-258.
Oil slicks, Petroleum products, Detection, Analytical techniques,
Absorption
Oil from an oil slick was first absorbed by a piece of polyurethane
foam, extracted by CC14, and the petroleum product content was then
determined by infrared absorption at 2700-3200 cm"'. Results of
five samples are presented.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#166386k. 1976]
C-0529-77
CHARACTERIZATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Bean, R. M. 1975.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1974, BNWL-1950,
Pt. 2. p. 113.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Seawater
Biological studies have increased the demand for more rapid and
detailed information concerning the nature and concentration of
hydrocarbons in water. Results are given of gas chromatographic
analyses conducted at the Marine Research Labs, Sequim, Washington,
to determine the actual distribution of individual hydrocarbon
compounds in seawater.
36
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C-0530-77
CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF TWO EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILLS IN AN
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM
Bieri, R. H., V. C. Stamoudis, and M. K. Cueman. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 511-515. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Estuaries, Chemical analysis, Fishes, Fate, Hydrocarbons,
Weathering, *Fundulus heteroclitus
The fate of fresh and artificially weathered South Louisiana crude
oil was studied in large-scale experimental oil spills. The article
focuses on hydrocarbon analyses in the fish, Fundulus heteroclitus.,
and water. Maximum concentrations of individual aromatic compounds
found in fish were similar for both oils. The maximum occurred
six hours after the spill for weathered crude, and 76 hours after
the spill for fresh crude for all aromatics except naphthalene and
the methylnaphthalenes.
C-0531-77
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF TRACE ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN PETROLEUM
REFINERY WASTEWATER BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/REAL-TIME
HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY-A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Burlingame, A. L., B. J. Kimble, E. S. Scott, D. M. Wilson, M. J.
Stasch, J. W. DeLeeuw, and L. H. Keith. 1976.
Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water, p. 587-
624. L. H, Keith (ed.). Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor Science
Publishers, 1976. Chemical Congress of the North American Continent,
1st, 1975.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Analytical techniques, Chromatography,
Spectrometry
Gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectroscopy provides
valuable information on organic constituents of refinery effluents,
even when these occur as extremely complex mixtures.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#166166p. 1976]
C-0532-77
HYDROCARBONS FROM ZOOPLANKTON OF THE EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO
Calder, J. A. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 159-183.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August, 1976.
Hydrocarbons, Zooplankton, Chemical analysis, Sources, Distribution,
Gulf of Mexico, *Biogenic hydrocarbons
Four sets of seasonal zooplankton samples were collected in transits
along the offshore Mississippi-Alabama-Florida (MAFLA) region of the
37
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Gulf of Mexico; the contained hydrocarbons were analyzed and
quantified. No fresh or weathered petroleum fractions were
found in the zooplankton, and the hydrocarbons present appear
to be of biogenic origin.
C-0533-77
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF CYANIDES, PHENOLS,
AND HYDROCARBONS IN SURFACE WATER. REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP OF
EXPERTS
Commission of the European Communities. 1975.
Luxembourg, Directorate for Health Protection. NTIS No. EUR-
5377e. 78p.
Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, *Phenols, *Surface waters
Thirty-four laboratories from eight European states conducted the
preliminary collaborative study. An appraisal of the particular
methods of analysis employed by each laboratory could not be done.
It was found that the determination of hydrocarbons and cyanides
in surface water may lead to considerably different results. In
the given concentration range, phenol determinations showed the
smallest variation of all parameters studied.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 1(7)-.#011476. 1976]
C-0534-77
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN WASTE CHEMISTRY
Dell'Acqua, R. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment. R. L. Grob (ed.).
New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. p. 581-609.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Contaminants, Wastewaters,
Petroleum products, Petrochemicals, *Gas Chromatography
The optimal analytical methods for quantifying organic contaminants
present in wastewater by gas Chromatography are reviewed. Gasoline,
kerosine, fuel oils, lubricating oils, and certain refinery and
petrochemical byproducts are among the pollutants considered.
C-0535-77
IDENTIFICATION OF GASOLINE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Del I1Aqua, R., B. Bush, and J. Egan. 1976.
Journal of Chromatography 128(2):271-280.
Gasoline, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Groundwater,
Contamination
A method of extraction and identification of gasoline is described
which may be used to identify a source causing contamination at a
level as low as 0.5 ul/1. The method employs gas Chromatography
using packed columns and a flame ionization detector.
38
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C-0536-77
THE SOLUBILITY OF MEDIUM MOLECULAR WEIGHT AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND
THE EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON CO-SOLUTES AND SALINITY
Eganhouse, R. P., and J. A. Calder. 1976.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 40(5):555-561.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Solubility
The solubilities of several medium molecular weight hydrocarbons
were determined at 25°C in aqueous binary, ternary, and quaternary
hydrocarbon systems. Solubility limits of the hydrocarbons depend
on the composition of the petroleum from which they are derived.
C-0537-77
INTERCALIBRATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES FOR HYDROCARBONS
IN TISSUES AND EXTRACTS OF MARINE" ORGANISMS
Farrington, J. W., J. M. Teal, G. C. Medeiros, K. A. Burns, E. A.
Robinson, Jr., J. G. Quinn, and T. L. Wade. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(12):1711-1716.
Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Chemical analysis, Chromatography,
Fish
Analyses of petroleum hydrocarbons separated from tuna meal samples
and cod liver lipid extracts were performed using gas Chromatography.
Measured values of hydrocarbons spiked to samples of cod liver oil
are presented. Limitations to current methods of analysis used in
this and other current studies are discussed.
C-0538-77
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Farrington, J. W., 0. M. Teal, and P. L. Parker. 1976.
Strategies for Marine Pollution Monitoring. E. D. Goldberg (ed.).
New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1976. p. 3-34.
Hydrocarbons, Oceans, Chemical analysis, Sampling
In this chapter, the authors set forth principles for the analysis
of marine samples for petroleum hydrocarbons with a boiling range
above n-tetradecane. Continuing research needs in the measurement
of petroleum hydrocarbons are noted. One point underlined is that
sampling, analysis, and interpretation of data are best accomplished
by a team of scientists or a scientist having experience in analytical
chemistry, marine geochemistry, marine biochemistry, and marine
ecology.
39
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C-0539-77
HYDROCARBONS IN 60 NORTHEAST GULF OF MEXICO SHELF SEDIMENTS:
A PRELIMINARY SURVEY
Gearing, P., J. N. Gearing, T. F. Lytle, and J. S. Lytle. 1976.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 40(9):1005-1017.
Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Algae, Chromatography, Gulf of Mexico,
Mississippi River, Sampling
Gas chromatography was used to analyze 60 sediment and 10 benthic
algae samples in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. Results show two
distinct shelf environments: one, a western zone dominated by
hydrocarbon inputs from the Mississippi-River and two, a zone
extending from northwest Florida to Tampa dominated by hydrocarbons
similar to those produced by marine organisms.
C-0540-77
DISTRIBUTION OF N-PARRAFINS [sic] IN SELECTED MARINE BENTHIC
ORGANISMS
Giam, C. -S., H. S. Chan, and G. S. Neff. 1976.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16(l):37-44.
Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Chemical analysis, Chromatography,
Fish, *Shrimp, *Squid, *n-Paraffins
Shrimp, fish and squid from the Texas OCS area of the Gulf of
Mexico were analyzed by gas chromatography for the presence of
n-paraffins. Squid and fish contained relatively high concentrations
of Cl5 and C]7 n-paraffins. Shrimp and fish samples exhibited the
least intraspecies and seasonal variations in their distribution
of n-paraffins and are considered very useful for the detection
of petroleum-based hydrocarbon pollution.
C-0541-77
CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER
Goodley, P. C., and M. Gordon. 1976.
Transactions, Kentucky Academy of Science 37(1-2):11-15.
Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, industrial organic compounds,
*Tennessee River
Waters from the Lower Tennessee River analyzed by gas chromatography,
mass spectrometry, and infrared and NMR spectroscopy were found to
contain aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, phenols and other
substances.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4): |21623w. 1977]
40
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C-0542-77
CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Grob, R. L. (ed.). 1975.
New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. xi + 734p.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum products,
Petrochemicals, Fuels, Wastewaters
This book provides a comprehensive review of various chromatographic
techniques for determining contaminants in the air, water, waste
effluents, and soil. The sections on water pollution (Part IV)
and waste chemistry (Part V) include discussions of specific
chromatographic techniques useful in the identification and
characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons, petroleum-based fuels
and lubricants, and petrochemical and petroleum industry wastes.
C-0543-77
A REVIEW OF SOME COMMONLY USED PARAMETERS FOR THE DETERMINATION
OF OIL POLLUTION
Gruenfeld, M., and U. Frank. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 487-491. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Hydrocarbons, Detection, Analytical techniques
Parameters of petroleum used in the detection of oil in water,
sediments and biological tissues are outlined, and a brief state-
of-the-art review is presented of techniques used in the analysis
and characterization of pollutant petroleum hydrocarbons.
C-0544-77
HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF BENZO(A)PYRENE AND BENZO
(GHI)PERYLENE IN OIL-CONTAMINATED SHELLFISH
Guerrero, H., E. R. Biehl, and C. T. Kenner. 1976.
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 59(5):
989-992.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, PAH, Marine organisms, *Shellfish
In the title analysis, the polynuclear aromatics are extracted with
acetonitrile and partitioned into petroleum ether, the petroleum
ether is removed, and the residue is saponified. The compounds are
purified and isolated by passing the residue through a silica gel
column and a high-pressure liquid chromatographic column,and detected
by their ultraviolet absorption. Recoveries of standards through
the analysis averaged 104%.
41
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C-0545-77
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES IN WASTE CHEMISTRY
Hamilton, C. E. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment. R. L. Grob (ed.).
New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. p. 581-609.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Contaminants, Hydrocarbons,
Wastewaters, *Liquid chromatography
The usefulness of conventional liquid chromatography (LC) is
assessed for the analysis of organic contaminants, including
certin petroleum hydrocarbons. The technique is presently limited
in its applications because of poor reproducibility of results and
low accuracy, speed and selectivity.
C-0546-77
ANALYSIS OF MICROGRAM/KG (PPB) LEVEL HYDROCARBONS IN INTERTIDAL
ZONE SEDIMENTS AND WATER BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY
Hertz, H. S., W. E. May, S. N. Chesler, and B. H. Gump. 1975.
Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, 23rd,
Houston, 1975. p. 663-665.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectrometry,
Sediments, Intertidal zone, *Water analysis
Techniques involving dynamic headspace sampling and subsequent
GC/GC-MS analysis have been developed in this laboratory. Sample
components are separated from the matrix in a closed system and
concentrated on a porous polymer pre-column, free from large
amounts of solvent and ready for GC-MS analysis. Applications
of this method to the identification of microgram/kg level
hydrocarbons are discussed.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(25):#PB-257 922/5GA.
1976]
C-0547-77
DIRECT ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS BYPRODUCTS FROM
FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES: OIL SHALE RETORTING, SYNTHANE
COAL GASIFICATION AND COED COAL LIQUEFACTION
Ho, C. H., B. R. Clark, and M. R. Guerin. 1976.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health All(7):481-489.
Oil shale, Extraction, Analytical techniques, Chromatography,
Contaminants, *By-product waters
An analytical technique is described for the rapid determination
of contaminants occurring in the by-product water from oil shale
retorting, coal gasification and coal liquefaction processes.
Results of the technique, which utilizes gas chromatography,
are presented.
42
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C-0548-77
MEASUREMENT OF URBAN RUNOFF PETROLEUM
Hunter, J. V., S. L. Yu, and W. Whipple, Jr. 1975.
Urbanization and Water Quality Control. W. Whipple, Jr. (ed.).
Minneapolis Minnesota, American Water Resources Association,
1975. p. 162-168.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Hydrocarbons, Delaware, *0il content,
*Urban runoff, *Delaware Estuary
Samples of urban storm runoff into the Delaware Estuary were
analyzed to determine petroleum contents of urban runoff and to
assess the relative importance of urban runoff and refinery
effluent inputs. Average concentrations of hydrocarbons ranged
from about 2-4 mg/1 in runoff; hydrocarbons were predominantly
aliphatic and associated with particulate matter. Refinery
effluent hydrocarbon concentrations averaged about 1.5 mg/1, or
60 percent of the average concentrations of urban runoff; these
were also predominantly aliphatic and associated with particulates
C-0549-77
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTED BY OIL ON AQUATIC ANIMALS: III PRETREAT-
MENT IN DETECTION OF N-PARAFFINS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Motohiro, T., and Z. Iseya. 1976.
Hokkaido Daigaku, Sapporo, Japan. Suisangakubu, Hakodate.
Hokkaido Daigaku Suisangakubu Kenkyo Iho 26(4):372-380.
Detection, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Chemical analysis,
Chromatography, Solvents, *n-Paraffins
Preliminary treatments by column and thin-layer Chromatography
(TLC) were conducted using solvents with different polarities.
Petroleum ether + benzene = 90:10 (v/v) for column Chromatography
and n-hexane + benzene = 95:5 (v/v) for TLC were more efficient
than other tested solvents in separating n-paraffins from contam-
inants. With pretreatment, n-paraffins below C]3 tend to
disappear due to evaporation losses.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00276. 1977]
43
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C-0550-77
ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN THE FLESH OF EELS REARED IN CRUDE
OIL SUSPENSIONS [in Japanese]
Ogata, M. Y. Miyake, K. Matsunaga, M. Imanaka, M. Ikeda, and
T. Ishada. 1976.
Igaku to Seibutsugaku 92(4):297-299.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Crude oil, *Eels,
*0rganic sulfides
"Paraffin hydrocarbons together with organic sulfides were detected
in eels after a 17-day exposure to water containing crude oil as
detected by gas-liquid Chromatography."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(7):#38257c. 1977]
C-0551-77
ANALYZER OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT CONTENT IN WASTE WATERS AND ITS
METEOROLOGICAL ATTESTATION [in Russian]
Osipov, V. M., A. V. Chel'tsov, Y. M. Lindenbaum, V. V. Luchinskii,
and V. D. Grigor'ev. 1976.
Zhurnal Prikl. Spektrosk. 25(2):301-305.
Chemical analysis, Petroleum products, Wastewaters, Monitoring
Petroleum products (1-1000 mg/1) in wastewater were extracted
with CClA and analyzed. Results of infrared monitoring are
presented.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):21442m. 1977]
C-0552-77
PETROLEUM POLLUTION: CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
Parker, P. L., K. Winters, C. VanBaalen, J. C. Batterton, and
R. C. Scalan. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 256-269.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Biological effects, Contamination, Chemical analyis, Crude oil,
Hydrocarbons, *Water-soluble fractions
In this study the problems of the biological effects of petroleum
pollution have been approached in two ways: (1) the study of the
chemical composition of water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of crude
oil and their physical and biological transport in the water
column, and (2) identification and quantification of the types
and levels of heavy hydrocarbons in the sea.
44
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C-0553-77
ANALYSIS OF OIL, OIL DISPERSANTS AND METABOLITES DURING
BIODEGRADATION IN SEAWATER
Penrose, W. R., L. L. Dawe, and M. J. Sandeman. [1976.]
Trace Analysis of Environmental Materials, p. 13. Program and
abstracts.
Dispersants, Chemical analysis, Biodegradation, Seawater
Described are procedures which have been developed to identify
a series of commercial oil dispersants and to establish the
mechanism of biodegradation of the dispersants in seawater.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00373. 1977]
C-0554-77
OIL AND GREASE ANALYSIS OF DRILLING MUDS. AN INVESTIGATION OF
THE RELIABILITY AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS OF STANDARD WATER QUALITY
ANALYSIS METHODS AS THEY APPLY TO THE DRILLING MUDS
Strosher, M., and J. Bogner. 1975.
Report to the Water Pollution Control Section, Canada, Environmental
Protection Service. 16p.
Drilling, Analytical techniques, Water quality, *Drilling muds
Summary not available.
[from Kananaskis, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. IB No. 9.
Publication No. 75-14. March 31, 1976]
C-0555-77
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN WATER POLLUTION
Suffett, I. H., and E. J. Sowinski. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment.• R. L. Grob (ed.j.
New York, Marcel* Dekker, Inc., 1975. p. 429-488.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Petroleum products, PAH,
Refineries, Wastewaters, *Liquid chromatography
The application of various liquid chromatography (LC) techniques
for identifying and quantifying trace amounts of organic pollutants
in water is outlined. Included is a tabulation of LC techniques
for characterizing petroleum products, polycyclic hydrocarbons,
refinery effluents, and oily wastewaters.
45
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C-0556-77
SOLUBILITY OF ALKYLBENZENES IN DISTILLED WATER AND SEAWATER AT 25.0°C
Sutton, C., and J. A. Calder. 1975.
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 20(3):320-322.
Chemical analysis, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Solubility, *Alkylbenzenes
Results indicated that for monosubstituted alkylbenzenes, the size
of the alkyl substituent is important in determining the solubility;
whereas for polysubstituted alkylbenzenes, the positions of the
substituents on the benzene ring are also important.
C-0557-77
AUTOMATIC ANALYZER FOR TRACES OF DISPERSED OILS IN WASTE WATER
USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY [English
summary]
Suzuki, R., N. Yamaguchi, and R. Matsumoto. 1976.
Bunseki Kagaku 25(5):308-313.
Wastewaters, Chemical analysis, Contaminants, *Solvent extraction,
*IR spectrophotometry
An automatic analyzer is described which detects 21 0.5 ppm mineral
oil, fatty oils and fatty acids in wastewater.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#166062b. 1976]
C-0558-77
THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN SOIL CHEMISTRY
Thornburg, W. 1975.
Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment. R. L. Grob (ed.).
New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. p. 581-609.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, PAH, Soil,
*Thin-layer chromatography
Techniques and applications of thin layer chromatography (TLC)
in soil analysis are reviewed. TLC is considered a promising
technique for the separation and semiquantitative analysis of
organic compounds, including petroleum products and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, and inorganic substances.
46
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C-0559-77
INFRARED ANALYSIS OF MICRO AMOUNTS OF OIL IN WATER [in Chinese]
Tsai, M.-H. 1976.
T'ai-wan Huan Ching Wei Sheng 8(l):22-29.
Chemical analysis, *Infrared analysis, Detection, *0il-in-water
Various types of oils and fatty acids were detected in water by
infrared analysis at concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm or less.
The technique involved mixing the oil-containing sample with
NaCl, extracting with CC14, and analyzing the CC14 extracts.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#8377z. 1977]
C-0560-77
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENTS OF LAKE WASHINGTON
Wakeham, S. G., and R. Carpenter. .1976.
Limnology and Oceanography 21(5):711-723.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Sources, Hydrocarbons,
Sediments, Detection, Lakes, Washington
Aliphatic hydrocarbons of Lake Washington sediments were detected
and characterized by gas Chromatography and radiocarbon and stable
C isotope analyses. Detailed analyses of cores show increases in
petroleum hydrocarbon levels after 1880, which correspond to the
start of a period of growth for the adjacent metropolitan area.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21654g. 1977]
C-0561-77
HYDROCARBON IN SEWAGE AND URBAN RUNOFF-DELAWARE ESTUARY
Whipple, W., Jr., J. V. Hunter, and S. H. Yu. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 54-65.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Chemical analysis, Source identification, Hydrocarbons,
Wastewaters, Refineries, *Sewage, *Urban runoff, Regulations,
Del aware
Analyses conducted to identify and measure the sources of
petroleum pollutants in the Delaware Estuary indicate that
industrial wastes, particularly refinery process effluents,
constitute the greatest input, followed by sewage plant effluents
and urban runoff. Stringent new regulations are drastically
reducing the refinery outputs of hydrocarbons, but such standards
are not yet required for controlling municipal treatment plant
and urban and industrial runoff inputs.
47
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C-0562-77
HYDROCARBONS IN WATERS. IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF HYDRO-
CARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN WATERS
Whitby, F. J. 1976.
Proceedings of the Analytical Division of the Chemical Society
13(8):247-249.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis
"A review with no references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(6):#34039k. 1977]
C-0563-77
WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF CRUDE OILS, FUEL OILS, AND USED
CRANKCASE OILS
Winters, K., and P. L. Parker. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 579-582. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectrometry, Crude oil,
Petroleum products, Hydrocarbons, Evaporation, *Water soluble
fractions
Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify
and monitor evaporative changes in water soluble fractions present
in representative crude oils, Bunker C fuel oil, and used crank-
case oils. Identified hydrocarbons included alkyl phenols, amilines,
indoles, quinolines, benzothiophenes, aromatic aldehydes and
ketones. Alkyl benzenes, indans, and naphthalenes were found
to evaporate most rapidly and completely from freshly prepared
water soluble fractions, resulting in relative enrichment of
alkyl phenols, anilines and indoles.
C-0564-77
QUANTIFICATION OF NAVY OILS IN DETERGENT LADEN WATERS
Yu, T. S. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 169-172. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Analytical techniques, Spectrometry, Extraction. Solvents,
*Detergents, *0il-in-water
«
The presence of detergents interferes with the solvent extraction
and infrared spectrometry measurement technique for quantifying
oil in water. This paper describes a study of an analytical
method which utilizes silica gel to remove interfering detergent(s)
in the extract, so that infrared spectrometry can be used to quantify
the oil in water. Silica gel can remove up to 96.5% of the inter-
ference, thus enabling the determination of oil in water in which
the ratio of the concentration of detergent to oil is less than
10 to one.
48
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6. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
C-0565-77
THE COAST GUARD'S FORENSIC OIL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Clow, J. C. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 189-192. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Source identification, Oil spills, Analytical techniques,
Chromatography, Spectroscopy, Sampling, USCG
The U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center has established
the capability to identify and classify oil spill samples with
sufficient accuracy and speed so that the results can withstand
judicial review, and corrective or administrative action can be
directed at the suspected polluter. Five promising techniques
were evaluated; of these infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy,
and gas and thin-layer Chromatography have been selected for
development as laboratory and field identification systems.
C-0566-77
SOURCES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT
Hites, R. A. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 325-332.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Source identification, PAH, Oil spills, Incineration, Chemical
analysis
The major sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PCAH) in
nature are biosynthesis, petroleum spillage, and combustion from
mobile and stationary sources including industrial activity, forest
fires and refuse burning. Very complex PCAH mixtures have been
identified in recent field and laboratory studies. The present
study rules out biosynthesis as a major source and indicates that
anthropogenic sources followed by in situ modification of the PCAH
distribution is a valid hypothesis.
49
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C-0567-77
OIL "FINGERPRINTS" FOR IDENTIFYING POLLUTERS, SYSTEMS FOR
CONTROLLING SPILLS
Roberts, W. F. 1976.
Marine Engineering/Log 81(6):30-33.
Source identification, Oil spills, Analytical techniques, Oil
transport, Pollution prevention, USCG
USCG is currently testing double-beam fluorescence spectrophotometry
as a method of identifying and proving an oil spill's source.
Results of tests of this method and others are compared, and
pollution prevention techniques during marine oil transport and
handling are discussed.
[frqm Environment Abstracts 6(11):#76-07339. 1976]
C-0568-77
SOURCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE
SARGASSO SEA
Wade, T. L., J. G. Quinn, W. T. Lee, and C. W. Brown. 1976.
Sources Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 270-286.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Source identification, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Chromato-
graphy, Spectrometry, Distribution, Sargasso Sea
The hydrocarbon contents of pelagic tar and surface water samples
from the Sargasso Sea were determined by gas liquid chromatography
and infrared spectrometry. Small particles (0.3 ym to 1.0 mm
diameter) of weathered tar appear to be the major source of
cycloparaffins and other hydrocarbons present. The study indicates
that previous estimates of pelagic tar may be very low because
they did not include the smaller size range of these particles.
50
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B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
C-0569-77
A RIGID, PERFORATED PLATE OIL BOOM FOR HIGH CURRENTS
Ayers, R. R. 1976.
EPA-600/2-76-263, 68-03-0331. 131p.
Containment, Oil spills, Booms, Design and engineering, *High
currents
"A radically different rigid, modular boom has been designed
and verified by test for permanent installation in high currents.
The design is based upon placing a baffle immediately upstream
of a barrier to slow down the surface flow and, as a consequence,
contain oil between at higher currents than conventional booms."
C-0570-77
AN OIL AND SORBENT MIXTURE CONTAINMENT BOOM
Der, J. J. 1976.
U.S. Patent Application AD-D003 051/0
Containment, Booms, Oil slicks, Design and engineering, Patent
A containment boom for containing a mixture of oil and sorbent
floating on water is described.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(l):#PAT-APPL-767 746/GA.
1977]
C-0571-77
OIL BARRIER. WHICH CAN BE ROLLED UP
Dubois, B. J. 1976.
German Patent 2,253,884
Containment, Oil spills, Booms, Design and engineering, Patent
An oil barrier consists of a vertical, inflatable, floating,
flexible skirt which is equipped with damping and stabilizing
means and defines spaces which are closed on top and open on
bottom so that they contain an air cushion. The cushion is
subdivided into chambers by vertical walls extending downward
to or below the water line. These walls have an elasticity which
pushes them away from the other walls, thus automatically opening
the air cushions.
{from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#229,165. 1977]
51
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C-0572-77
USE OF FLOATING DEFLECTORS FOR OIL SPILL CONTROL IN FAST FLOWING
WATERS
Eryuzlu, N. E., and R. Hausser. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 335-340. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Containment, Oil spills, Rivers, Design and engineering, *Hydrofoil
deflectors
A system to control an oil spill in fast moving waters is described.
A series of deflectors and hydrofoils deflect the oil from where
the spill takes place into a portion of the river where slower
currents allow the oil to be collected by conventional means.
C-0573-77
HYDRODYNAMICS OF A DIVERSIONARY BOOM
McCracken, W. E., and F. J. Freestone. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 329-334. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Containment, Oil spills, Booms, Design and engineering, EPA,
*OHMSETT
A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored test program at
their OHMSETT center to study the near-field hydrodynamics of a
diversionary boom is reported. Three dimensional flow fields
were examined using dye and oil droplets with an underwater
video system. Turbulence intensity was measured with a single
axis, hot-film anemometry probe.
C-0574-77
SOME OBSERVATIONS OF OIL SLICK CONTAINMENT BY SIMULATED ICE RIDGE
KEELS
Moir, J. R., and Y. L. Lau. 1975.
Canada Centre for Inland Waters, unpublished report. 14p.
Containment, Oil slicks, Booms, Beaufort Sea, *Ice ridge keel
Brief, exploratory tests were conducted to compare the capability
of an ice ridge keel for retaining oil and that of a boom in open
water flow conditions. The two oil containment situations are
found to be similar; however, slicks contained behind the sloping
ridges are prone to long-term leakage. The presence of an ice-
sheet upstream of the barrier does not significantly alter the
slick profile or the maximum volume of oil containable in comparison
to the open water case.
52
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C-0575-77
EVALUATION OF OIL SPILL BARRIERS AND DEPLOYMENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE
ST. CLAIR-DETROIT RIVER SYSTEM
Vanderkooy, N., A. Robertson, and C. 0. Beckett. 1976.
Environment Canada, Environmental Protection Service. Technology
Development Report EPS-4-EC-76-4. 97p. + viii.
Containment, Oil spills, Booms, Rivers, Contingency planning,
Canada, U.S., *Detroit-St. Clair river system
Discussed is the Joint Canada-United States Marine Pollution
Contingency Plan, "Operation Preparedness", established to develop
operational procedures for dealing with spill incidents in the
Detroit-St. Clair river system and to formulate an Action Plan.
The performance of 12 oil spill barriers is evaluated and
effective deployment procedures are developed.
C-0576-77
CONTAINMENT AND RIDDANCE OF OIL SPILLS
Zall, D. M. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,977,969
Containment, Oil spills, Coagulation, Patent, *Polymers
The surface of the oil spill is chemically treated with a polymer
of high molecular weight and with jelling properties, causing the
oil to coagulate. The oil then is raked off the surface of the
water. Polyethylene oxide (Polyox) and polyacrylamide are examples
of effective polymers.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(2):#228,863. 1977]
53
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-0577-77
58' SKIMMER SAVES LOST OIL FOR MORE USEFUL PURPOSES
Anon. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(7):17-B, 29-B.
Oil spills, Skimmers, Recovery, Design and engineering, *MARCO
Clean Sounder, Puget Sound
A new oil skimmer vessel called "Clean Sounder" has recently been
built by MARCO of Seattle, Washington, and is presently in service
in the coastal and inland waters of Puget Sound. The unit uses
oil attraction belts to pick up the oil from water; the recovered
oil is then squeezed from the belts and stored aboard the skimmer.
The vessel has a recovery capacity of 2270 1 (600 gal) per minute
and handles any type of crude oil, refined oil and floating debris,
C-0578-77
CLEAN SWEEP OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM: PONTOON MODEL R2003 SPECIFICATION
NO. 5518374 (product information)
Anon. n.d.
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, California, lip.
Oil spills, Recovery, Harbors, Design and engineering, *Clean
Sweep
An oil recovery system designed for calm seas and harbors is
described. The unit is mounted on four pontoon hulls, one of
which contains a built in sump and storage tank. Maximum oil
discharge rate is 1100 1/min (300 gal/min) with a full power
endurance of 8 hours.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(6):#76-05577. 1976]
C-0579-77
CLEAN SWEEP OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM: HARBOR RAFT MODEL R2003 SPECIFI-
CATION NO. 5518361 (product information)
Anon. n.d.
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, California. lOp.
Oil spills, Recovery, Harbors, Estuaries, Design and engineering,
*Clean Sweep
A pontoon mounted oil recovery system designed for harbors, bays,
and estuaries is described. Maximum oil discharge rate is 1300
1/min; each pontoon hull contains a storage tank for recovered
oil*
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(6):#76-05578. 1976]
54
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C-0580-77
CLEANUP SYSTEMS INADEQUATE FOR OPEN OCEAN OIL SPILL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(l):45-46.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Skimmers, USCG, Argo Merchant spill
The "Argo Merchant" oil spill is briefly discussed and U.S. Coast
Guard action to prevent oil spillage is reviewed. The U.S. Coast
Guard's Clean Sweep oil skimmer is also described.
C-0581-77
ITALIAN OIL SKIMMER AND FIRE FIGHTING CRAFT
Anon. 1976.
Northern Offshore 5(10):43,46.
Skimmers, Oil spills, Monitoring, Cleanup, Mediterranean Sea
The oil skimming vessel "Gaima", which is also useful as fire-
fighting craft, personnel carrier and pollution monitoring
craft, is described. The .vessel has recently been put into service
in the Mediterranean Sea.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(1):#228,669. 1977]
C-0582-77
OIL SLICK REMOVAL SYSTEM, SKIMJET (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Mechanical Engineering 98(9):62.
Oil slicks, Recovery, Skimmers, Oil-water separation
This water jet system is able to remove 98% of an oil slick
measuring 500 m2 with a thickness of 2 cm each hour from sea or
inland water. Various models of the Skimjet, developed and
manufactured by Skimovex B.V. of The Hague, are available for
work in ports and inland streams as well as in cooling and
rinsing water tanks, oil-water separators, refineries, and
chemical and meat processing plants.
C-0583-77
SPILL FUND BASED ON PREMIUM PAYMENTS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Offshore 37(3):174.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Economics, Tankers, Pipelines, Alaska,
*0il spill fund
The Alaskan Department of Environmental Conservation's efforts to
establish a $30 million fund for the cleanup of oil spills in state
waters are discussed and contrasted with the federal Trans-Alaska
Pipeline Liability Fund. The state fund will be derived from
owners of tankers and oil terminals who will pay a premium based
on the state's analysis of their risk.
55
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C-0584-77
SOCK - AN OIL SKIMMING KIT FOR VESSELS OF CONVENIENCE
Ayers, R. R., and A. V. Barnett. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 361-366. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Cleanup, Skimmers, Containment, Design and engineering,
Cost analysis, Gulf of Alaska
The design and specifications of the Spilled Oil Containment Kit
(SOCK), an oil spill sweep skimmer for use in the Gulf of Alaska,
are described. A cost analysis based on using vessels of convenience
rather than a specific skimmer vessel is presented.
C-0585-77
OIL SPILL APPARATUS
Bagot, H. E., and S. P. Funkhouser. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,986,959
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Patent, Design and engineering,
*01eophilic sponge
An endless belt apparatus which utilizes oleophilic and hydrophobic
sponge or mop has been designed for the removal of floating oil.
The apparatus contains the means to squeeze out recovered oil and
to draw or pump the oil into a storage tank.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(1):#229,368. 1977]
3,986,959
OIL SPILL APPARATUS
Harold E. Bajot, 221 Bennett Ave., Yonkers, N.Y. 10701, and
Selmes Paul Funkhouser, 79th St. Boat Basin, Ne» York,
N.Y. 10024
Filed May 21, 1975. Ser. No. 579,681
Int. CL1 E02B 15104
VS. CL 210-242 AS S Claims
56
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C-0586-77
ROLE OF THE MUSSEL IN PURIFYING SEA WATER OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
(IN EXPERIMENT) [in Russian]
Bioko, E. V., and Yu. M. Petrov. 1975.
Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 11(2):28-33.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Seawater, Mollusks, Oxidation, *Water puri-
fication, *Mussels, *Myti1us edulis
In aquaria with M,. edulis. water is purified twice as fast as in the
control (without animals). About 7% of the initial amount of
petroleum product remains three weeks after mussels are introduced
into aquaria; 1.4% of these products is settled by hydrobionts
onto the bottom of the vessels; 5.6% remains in the surface film;
and about 0.2% is dissolved in the water. Chemical oxidation of
oil is assumed to begin three weeks after its introduction.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(1):#W77-00418. 1977]
C-0587-77
NEW CONCEPT OF OIL DISPERSION IN VIEW OF CLEANUP BY DEGRADATION
Bocard, C., B. Durif-Varambon, C. Gatellier, Ph. Renault, P.
Laboureur, and L. Person. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 407-410. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Dispersants, Cleanup, Toxicity, Biodegradation
Results of this study suggest that a complete degradation of
crude oil can be assured by use of a new generation of dispersants
which could be called "degrading detergents". Treatment using the
degrading detergents would maintain the polluting hydrocarbons
near the surface of the ocean and in the most reactive part of
the water column, containing the planktonic and microbial biomass
active in orga'nic carbon decay.
C-0588-77
AN OFFSHORE MECHANIZED SORBENT OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM USING VESSELS
OF OPPORTUNITY
Brunner, D. E., J. J. Der, and D. Hall. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 251-254- (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Absorption, Design and engineering
The development of an experimental prototype offshore oil recovery
system designed for use on vessels of opportunity by the Civil
Engineering Laboratory is described and the results of tests at
sea are reported.
57
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C-0589-77
SOME RECENT OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS AND
EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF-MIX CHEMICAL DISPERSANTS
Canevari, G. P. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 387-390. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Dispersants, Chemical analysis, Oil spills, *Dilution rate
The use and effectiveness of self-mix chemical dispersants in
minimizing damage from oil spills are discussed, and laboratory
results of bioassays performed with one micron diameter oil
droplets are reported. Data to support the theory that droplet
size influences the dilution rate of spilled oil are presented.
C-0590-77
DEVICE FOR RECOVERING OILY POLLUTING LIQUID FROM A WATER SURFACE
Degobert, P., F. Kermarrec, and Y. Nadaud. 1976.
British Patent 1,439,670
Oil slicks, Recovery, Design and engineering, Patent *01eophilic
container
An apparatus for removing oil slicks consists of a floating
container having a porous oleophilic membrane and an impermeable
collection sump which holds oil that has trickled through the
oleophilic membrane. The device can be heated to reduce the
viscosity of thick oils, thus aiding their penetration into the
interior.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21701 v. 1977]
C-0591-77
EFFECTIVELY RECOVERING OIL SPILLS TO GROUNDWATER
Dennis, D. M. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 255-258. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Hydrocarbons, Groundwater, Contingency
planning, Cost analysis
Oil spills on land pose a threat to potable water supplies through
hydrocarbon contamination of groundwater. Three oil recovery
methods are outlined: the recovery trench method is used when
groundwater is less than three meters (10 feet) from the surface;
the recovery well method employs a draw-down pump to concentrate
the spilled oil; the recovery crock method is used as a barrier
in areas of little groundwater movement. A cost analysis and a
contingency plan outline are given for these methods.
58
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C-0592-77
APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING OIL SLICKS FROM A BODY OF WATER
DeVoss, E. A. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,968,041
Oil slicks, Recovery,Skimmers, Design and engineering,
Patent
A system for removing oil slicks from water surfaces is described
and various features of the device are treated in detail.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(42):#226,004. 1976]
3,968,041
APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING OIL SLICK FROM A
BODY OF WATER
Edwin A. D* Voss, 1363 Clarenct Drive, Vista, Calif. 92083
Conlinuation-in-part of S*r. No. 128,766, March 29, 1971,
abandoned. This application Sept. 12, 1973, Ser. No. 396,348
Int. Cl.' E02B 15104
U.S. Cl. 210—242 S 19 Claims
C-0593-77
NOVEL DISPERSING NITROGEN COMPOUNDS USABLE IN CLEANING HYDROCARBON
IMPURITIES BY BIODEGRADATION
Durif-Varambon, B., C. Bocard, C. Gatellier, and B. Si 11 ion.
1976.
French Patent 2,295,786
Dispersants, Hydrocarbons, Oil slicks, Cleanup, Biodegradation,
Patent, *Nitrogen compounds
The chemical and biological degradation of hydrocarbons on and in
water is effected by use of biodegradable nitrogen-based disper-
sants obtained by the cyanoethylation of oxyalkylated alcohols
followed by reduction.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(50):#227,852. 1976]
59
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C-0594-77
NOVEL DISPERSING BIODEGRADABLE NITROGEN COMPOUNDS USED IN CLEANING
UP HYDROCARBON IMPURITIES
Durif-Varambon, B., C. Gatellier, C. Bocard, and B. Sillion. 1976.
French Patent 2,295,787
Dispersants, Hydrocarbons, Oil slicks, Cleanup, Biodegradation,
Patent, *Nitrogen compounds
Hydrocarbons on and in water can be dispersed with biodegradable
nitrogen compounds obtained by acylation of aliphatic amines with
hydroxylated acids or their lactones. This process assures
catalytic oxyalkylation so that a suitable hydrophilic-lipophilic
equilibrium results.
[from fetroleum Abstracts 16(50):#227,853. 1976]
C-0595-77
NOVEL DISPERSING NITROGEN COMPOUNDS FOR THE BIODEGRADATION OF
HYDROCARBON IMPURITIES
Durif-Varambon, B., C. Bocard, C. Gatellier, and B. Sillion.
1976.
French Patent 2,295,788
Dispersants, Hydrocarbons, Oil slicks, Cleanup, Biodegradation,
Patent, *Nitrogen compounds
Hydrocarbon pollutants on and in water can be dispersed with
nitrogen compounds obtained by combining glutamic acid with a
hydroxylated compound and an alkylene oxide.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(50):#227,854. 1976]
C-0596-77
SKIMMING SAUCER
Falxa, H. 1976.
Canadian Patent 998,625
Skimmers, Oil slicks, Recovery, Design and engineering, Patent
A saucer-shaped oil skimming apparatus is described in which an
open oil collection container is designed .to float with its rim
just below the oil-water interface. The device is most suitable
for still water surfaces such as refinery effluent ponds.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(1):#228,670. 1977]
60
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C-0597-77
UTILIZATION OF DISPERSANTS IN OFFSHORE AREAS
Fitzgerald, D. E. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 395-398. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Dispersants, Oil spills, Cleanup, Environmental effects, Contingency
planning, API
The use of low toxicity oil dispersants that threaten sensitive
environmental or commercial areas is discussed and the role of
the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) in dispensing dispersants is
presented. Revisions to the National Contingency Plan are offered
by the American Petroleum Institute Task Force.
C-0598-77
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH CURRENT STREAMLINED OIL BOOM/SKIMMER FOR
INLAND WATERWAYS
Folsom, B. A., and C. Johnson. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 323-327. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Booms, Skimmers, Oil-water separation,
Design and engineering, *OHMSETT
A streamlined oil boom/skimmer is described which uses a slightly
submerged slotted hydrofoil to skim a thin layer of oil and
water into an attached sump where the oil and water are separated
and the oil retained. Sump design, stable control/flotation
system, and tests at OHMSETT are reported.
C-0599-77
THE STORY OF A SUCCESSFUL OIL SPILL COOPERATIVE: THE CORPUS
CHRISTI AREA OIL SPILL CONTROL ASSOCIATION
Franklin, H. L. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 65-68. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Cleanup, Pollution control, Economics, Texas,
*Corpus Christi
The history of the Corpus Christi Area Oil Spill Control Association,
a nonprofit Texas corporation, is reviewed and two reasons for its
success are given. The first is the equal share taken by industry,
federal, state, and local governments to finance the budget and
the second is the low average cleanup cost per gallon.
61
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C-0600-77
PERFORMANCE TESTS OF THREE FAST CURRENT OIL RECOVERY DEVICES
Gettnan, J. H. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 341-346. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering, USCG
THE U.S. Coast Guard development program to evaluate seven different
small-scale, fast-current recovery devices is reviewed. The results
of tests on two full scale models at the OHMSETT center are reported.
C-0601-77
DISPERSANT FIELD TRIALS IN CANADIAN WATERS
Gill, S. D. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 391-394. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Cleanup, Dispersants, Canada, "Canadian Coast Guard
Field trials conducted by the Canadian Coast Guard Marine
Emergency Organization on a number of commercial oil dispersants
using the Warren Springs type of testing apparatus are reported
and the effectiveness of dispersants in both warm and cold waters
is discussed.
C-0602-77
FRENCH OIL SPILL POLICY: THE RECOVERY PHASE
Guerin, P., and J. Pichon. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 355-360. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Booms, Storage, France
France emphasizes recovery of oil rather than chemical dispersion.
Containment, recovery, and storage equipment are reviewed and
details concerning booms, skimmers, and storage containers used
in France are given.
62
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C-0603-77
A MODEL FOR THE COSTING OF OIL SPILL CLEARANCE OPERATIONS AT SEA
Holmes, P. D. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 39-44. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Models, Cleanup, Recovery, Cost analysis
The model used in this study has been useful in identifying the
main component costs for different techniques of cleaning up oil
spills in a variety of situations. This model takes into account
the spill size, makes allowance for transport time, and allows
for the practical effects of natural dispersion, evaporation,
etc. Dispersant application is probably the most cost-effective
method of oil spill treatment for oil spills below about 2,000
tons. For spills larger than this size, calculations show an
economic advantage for the use of mechanical recovery methods.
C-0604-77
A DISCUSSION OF THE RESTORATION OF AN OIL SPILL AT MAYTON
Loader, J. G. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water
Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta Environment, and
University of Calgary, 1975. p. 240-249.
Restoration, Oil spills, Cleanup, Canada, *Mayton oil spill
The cleanup techniques employed by Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas
Co. Ltd. at the Mayton oil spill are discussed and restoration
methods used on the oiled farm land are presented.
C-0605-77
PROCESS FOR TREATING FRESH WATERS AND SEA WATERS POLLUTED BY
HYDROCARBONS
Marconi, W., N. Oddo, and L. Degen. 1976.
Belgian Patent 813,612
Hydrocarbons, Cleanup, Oil spills, Biodegradation, Bacteria,
Patent
Lipophilic compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus salts are treated
with paraffin to aid in flotation. These salts are usable by
bacteria which metabolize the hydrocarbons on the sea surface.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(6):#230,143. 1977]
63
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C-0606-77
CONSIDERATIONS FOR FIELD USE OF DISPERSANTS
McCarthy, L. T. , Jr. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 399-401. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Dispersants, Oil spills, Cleanup, Toxicity, EPA
A rationale is presented for the correlation of laboratory generated
dispersant data to the spill situation in the field; dispersant
toxicity and effectiveness in the water column are discussed.
Current Environmental Protection Agency research projects on oil
spill dispersants are summarized.
C-0607-77
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING CONTAMINANTS FROM THE SURFACE
OF A BODY OF WATER
McCray, A. W. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,976,570
Oil slicks, Cleanup, Petroleum products, Absorption, Design and
engineering, Patent
Oil and petroleum products are removed by a procedure and apparatus
which distributes oil absorbent, porous spheres on the water surface.
The spheres absorb the oil and are removed; the absorbed oil is then
recovered by a centrifuge apparatus, and the oleophilic spheres are
returned to the water for further recovery.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(50):#227,858. 1976.]
3,976,570
METHOD ANT) APPARATUS FOR REMOVING
CONTAMINANTS FROM THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF
WATER
Arthur W. McCray, 1110 Grove l-ane, Norman, Okla. 73069
Continuation of Ser. No. 404,1 11, Oct. 5, 1973, abandoned.
This application Apr. 18, 1975, Ser. No. 569,261
Int. Cl.2 C02B 1114
U.S. Cl. 2)0—30 A 16 Claims
64
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C-0608-77
COMBINED SKIMMER-BARRIER HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Milgram, J. H., and R. A. Griffiths. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 375-379. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Booms, Containment, Design and
engineering, USCG
The development and design of an oil recovery system to be used
in conjunction with the U.S. Coast Guard's high seas oil containment
barriers are described. Tests conducted at the Environmental
Protection Agency's OHMSETT facility and at sea are reported.
C-0609-77
DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM FOR NAVY HARBOR OIL SPILL CLEANUP OPERATIONS
Nadeau, P. F. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10,-1977. p. 271-275. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Cleanup, Skimmers, Harbors, USN, *Debris handling
system
The development of a debris handling system for installation on
Navy harbor oil skimmers is traced and specific problems, such
as handling oily debris, system operation, and harbor debris,
are discussed. The advantages of this system are: the flexibility
of the skimmer is enhanced, manpower requirements and labor costs are
reduced, the long term cost effectiveness of oil spill cleanup
operations is greatly increased, and morale is enhanced by the
elimination of manual debris handling operations.
C-0610-77
METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING SUBSTANCES AND OBJECTS ON
A LIQUID SURFACE
Netzell, E. S. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,980,559
Oil slicks, Skimmers, Recovery, Patent, Design and engineering
Oil and oily substances floating on water are collected by an
apparatus which skims off the contaminant layer and floating
objects, distributes these over a comparatively large collecting
area, has means for collecting and separating the contaminant
material, and drains off the cleaned liquid.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(50):#227,859. 1976]
65
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3,980,559
METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING
SUBSTANCES AND OBJECTS ON A LIQUID SURFACE
Ernst Sune Nelzell, SelmedaMayen 222, 126 58 HajjerUfn,
Sweden
Filed Sept. 9, 1974, Ser. No. 504,221
Claims priority, application Sweden, Sept. 10, 1973,
7312288
C-0611-77
WHAT CONSTITUTES GOOD TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS FOR AN OIL SPILL
CLEANUP
Pearce, R. B. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 69-75. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Cleanup, Pollution control, California, *0akland
estuary, *Telecommunications systems
The foundation of a good telecommunications system for oil spill
cleanup consists of two networks: one, an operations system to
keep the cleanup team synchronized and two, a logistics system
to maintain a flow of support materials and equipment. Appropriate
telecommunications equipment are listed and the Oakland estuary is
cited as a case example.
K. Petchul. 1976,
C-0612-77
OIL COLLECTION BARGE
Petchul, S. L., and R.
U.S. Patent 3,966,615
Oil spills, Recovery, Containment, Design and engineering, Patent,
*Collection barge
A barge which collects and then contains and concentrates oil
spilled on the surface of water is described; the operation of
the vessel over large areas and in adverse sea states is
discussed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(42):#226,003. 1976]
3,966.61 S
OIL COLLECTION BARGE
Sigvild L. Pelchul, ind Richard K. Petchul, both of 1380 SW.
57lh Avt., PlinUtion, Fli. 33314
Filed Junt 25, 1974, Str. No. 483,018
Int. Cl.1 E02B IS/04
V.S. C\. 210-242 R 8 Claims
66
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C-0613-77
OIL COLLECTOR
Saeki, M., Y. Hosono, K. Mizumaki, and T. Honda. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 81,796
Waste oil. Cleanup, Absorption, Patent
The oil-absorbent material consists of 40-97 parts powdered wood
or grass with less than 30% water, and 3-60 parts material containing
humic acid.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21698z. 1977]
C-0614-77
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL SPILL RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR ARCTIC OPERATIONS
Scharfenstein, C. F., and M. G. Hoard. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 301-302. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Ice, Design and engineering, Arctic, Canada,
*Clean Sweep
The results of Canadian and Lockheed tests of the Clean Sweep
oil recovery system in ice-clogged arctic waters are presented.
The design of the arctic vessel, the ice processor, and plans
for use of the system in arctic oil spill control operations
are discussed.
C-0615-77
THE APPLICATION OF EXISTING OIL SPILL ABATEMENT EQUIPMENT TO
COLD REGIONS
Schultz, L. A., and P. C. Deslauriers. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 309-312. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Arctic, Recovery, Containment, Remote sensing,
Storage, Disposal
A recently completed survey study included a review and cursory
evalution of oil spill response techniques and equipment currently
used in warmer climates for application in the more severe environ-
mental conditions of the arctic. The survey revealed that while
a very limited degree of oil spill response capability presently
exists for use in cold regions, a great deal of development work
must be undertaken before a total cold regions oil response
capability will be available.
67
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C-0616-77
CLEANING THE CARGO TANKS ON PETROLEUM TANKERS USING THE
PREPARATION IMF-1 [in Russian]
Semanov, G. N. 1975.
Trudy Tsentral 'nyi Naucho-IssledovateVskii Institut Morskogo
Flota No. 203:76-80.
Tankers, Oil tanks, Cleanup, Surfactants
Various preparations for cleaning petroleum tanks were compared.
The nontoxic and biodegradable cleaning agent IMF-1 removed the
greatest amount of petroleum in the shortest amount of time, was
the least corrosive agent, and had a greater multiplicity of
other uses.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#6935f. 1977]
C-0617-77
USE OF DISPERSING AGENTS IN ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF
ACCIDENTAL PETROLEUM SPILLS [in Russian]
Semanov, G. N. 1975.
Trudy Tsentral'nyi Naucho-Issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo
Flota No. 203:67-72.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Dispersants
"A review with 5 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#166294d. 1976]
C-0618-77
A DISTRIBUTED REUSABLE-SORBENT OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Shaw, S. H., and J. S. Dorrler. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 247-250. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Absorption, Rivers, Estuaries, Harbors,
Design and engineering, EPA, *OHMSETT
The design, fabrication and test of a prototype system for the
recovery of spilled oil from the surface of river, estuarine, and
harbor waters are described. The tests were conducted at the
Environmental Protection Agency's OHMSETT tank using diesel fuel
and lubricating oil with efficiencies ranging from 45% to 100%.
68
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C-0619-77
TECHNIQUES FOR MIXING DISPERSANT-TREATED OIL SLICKS INTO THE WATER
Smith, G. F., and W. E. McCracken. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 403-406. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil slicks, Cleanup, Dispersants, Design and engineering, EPA,
*OHMSETT
Test results are given of an Environmental Protection Agency
sponsored project conducted at their OHMSETT facility to measure
the relative effectiveness of four devices for adding mixing
energy to an oil slick after dispersant application. The modified
five-bar gate proved to be the most effective for breaking up a
one mm thick oilslick into droplets with the greatest depth of
penetration.
C-0620-77
A FIELD EVALUATION OF OIL -SPILL RECOVERY DEVICES
Solsberg, L. B. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 303-307. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Skimmers, Oil-water
separation, Canada
Test conditions and results of 10 classes of commercially available
oil skimmers usedto clean up bunker, crude, and diesel oils in
Canadian coastal harbors are reported and oil-water separation
equipment is discussed.
C-0621-77
FIELD EVALUATION OF SEVEN OIL SPILL RECOVERY DEVICES
Solsberg, L. B., C. W. Ross, W. J. Logan, and M. F. Fingas. 1976.
Environment Canada, Environmental Protection Service. Technology
Development Report EPS-4-EC-76-3. 81p. + xii.
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Emu!sification, Canada
An evaluation of seven oil spill recovery devices was undertaken
by the Centre of Spill Technology of the Environmental Emergency
Branch. Evaluation was based on four parameters: oil recovery
rate, oil recovery factor, oil content factor, and emu1 sification
factor. The design of each skimmer is discussed and suggestions
for improvements are made.
69
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C-0622-77
DISCOVERY, CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY OF A JET FUEL STORAGE TANK
LEAK: A CASE HISTORY
Talts, A., J. Bauer, C. Martin, and D. Reeves. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 259-263. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Leakage, Gasoline, Oil tank, Recovery, Containment, Groundwater
The containment and recovery of approximately 314,000 1 (83,000
gal) of OP-4 fuel lost from an aboveground storage tank at a U.S.
government terminal are described. Fuel was found at the water
table and about 25% of the lost fuel was recovered. Recommendations
for terminal areas with porous soil are given.
C-0623-77
DEVELOPMENT OF OIL SPILL RECOVERY SHIP
Uchida, S., H. Takeshita, and Y. Seike. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 367-374. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Oil-water separation, Design and
engineering
An oil recovery system made up of a special oil suction float, a
hydraulic fluid conveying unit, and an oil-water separating unit
was developed and installed in a small, self-propelled, twin-hull
craft. The experimental oil recovery ship completed in this manner
successfully cleaned up a slick of heavy oil, 7m x 30m and 0.7-
2.0mm in thickness in less than three minutes at 0.5-1.0 kt. Oil
content of the water at the oi 1 -water separation uni t was 1 ess than one ppm.
C-0624-77
HARBOR OIL SPILL REMOVAL/RECOVERY SYSTEMS: PHASE 2
U.S. Navy. 1976.
Report No. Y41-21-001-01-001. Up.
Oil spills, Recovery, Containment, Skimmers, Booms, EPA, *OHMSETT
Test procedures for oil containment booms and oil skimmers were
developed and validated according to the EPA Oil and Hazardous
Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) requirements,
The results of these tests are summarized and recommendations are
presented.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(5):#229,888. 1977]
70
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C-0625-77
OIL COLLECTING DEVICE
West, G. L. 1976.
Canadian Patent 995,593
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering, Patent
A device for recovering oil from the water surface is described
and consists of an intake member, a sump, and a storage tank.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(44):#226,377. 1976]-
C-0626-77
BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF CLEANUP TECHNIQUES IN
SALT MARSHES
Westree, B. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 231-235. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Cleanup, Marshes, Biological effects, Manuals
A training manual for the selection and application of cleanup
procedures in marshland situations has been developed by URS
Research Company. The manual incorporates biological criteria
for selection and application of cleanup techniques. It is
designed for use by cleanup personnel in the field.
C-0627-77
SURFACE ENHANCEMENT - BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER
Wilson, J. E. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 347-354. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Cleanup, Skimmers, Booms, Surfactants, Absorption,
Design and engineering, USN
Two oil spill cleanup methods used by the U.S. Navy are described
and test results of each method are reported. The confined area
spill, with the skimmer in a stationary mode, employs surface
active agents, chip sorbents, and a skimmer/boom system. The open
area spill, with a moving skimmer, employs two utility boats,
granular sorbents, and oil concentration sweeps.
71
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C-0628-77
OIL-ADSORBING POLYURETHANE FOAM
Yokota, K. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 68,699
Adsorption, Contaminants, Patent, *Polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foams made from a mixture of 100 parts polyether and
5-50 parts oleophilic material containing C>g alkyl chain will
adsorb up to 10 times as much oil as foams made from polyether
alone.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#166220b. 1976]
C-0629-77
A FLOATING MATTER REMOVING APPARATUS
Inventor unknown. 1976.
British Patent 1,454,967
Skimmers, Oil slicks, Recovery, Design and engineering, Patent
An oil skimming apparatus is described which consists of a floating
oil collection chamber equipped with adjustably floating means for
controlling the oil inlet under various water surface conditions.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17{1):#228,671. 1977]
72
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3. RESTORATION
C-0630-77
CLEANING AGENTS FOR OILED WILDLIFE
Berkner, A. B., D. C. Smith, and A. S. Williams. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 411-415. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Restoration, Wildlife, Oil spills, Solvents, Toxicity, *Detergents
The advantages and limitations of detergents and solvents are
discussed with respect to the types of wildlife affected, the types
of oil involved, and the available equipment and facilities.
Several commercial detergents are ranked in order of their
effectiveness and optimal concentrations. Toxicity data are
included.
C-0631-77
THE RECLAMATION OF LAND AFFECTED BY OIL FIELD BRINES-TWO CASE HISTORIES
Clark, G. J., and H. F. Thimm. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water
Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta Environment, and
University of Calgary, 1975. p. 26-37.
Restoration, Inland, Contamination, Soil, Oil fields, *Brines
Two programs for the reclamation of lands contaminated by oil
field brines are reported. Problems dealt with include: salt
concentration, calcium to sodium ratio, soil tilth, water
movement, and soil fertility.
C-0632-77
RESTORATION OF OIL SPILLS ON FOREST SOILS
Nyborg, M., and W. McGill. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water
Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta Environment, and
University of Calgary, 1975. p. 277-290.
Restoration, Oil spills, Soil, Vegetation, *Forests,
Oil spills in low lying "muskegs" kill off the vegetation;
re-vegetation is inhibited by waterlogging and crusting of the
soil due to containment dikes. Good restoration resulted from
nutrient addition for three years and application of several tons
of lime per acre.
73
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C-0633-77
RESTORATION OF OIL SPILLS ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Rowel1, M. J. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water
Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta Environment, and
University of Calgary, 1975. p. 250-276.
Restoration, Oil spills, Soil, Biodegradation, Plants, Fertilizers
Oil damaged mineral soils were best reclaimed by soil application
of fertilizers containing N, P, K, and S. Biodegradation of the
oil inhibited plant growth, but growth improved as the rate of oil
decomposition declined.
C-0634-77
RECLAMATION OF SALT AND OIL DAMAGED SOILS
White, R. A., and E. deOong. 1975.
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology,
University of Saskatchewan, Publication No. M27.
Restoration, Soil/Oil spills, Canada
Summary not available.
[from Conference on Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water
Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Proceedings, p. 37.]
C-0635-77
OILED BIRD CLEANUP - A FORMIDABLE TASK
Worthington, V. 1977.
Conservation News 42(4):2-4.
Restoration, Birds, Oil spills, Cleanup, Solvents, Delaware,
*01ympic Games spill
The attempt to save 270 oiled birds rescued after the Olympic
Games oil spill in the Delaware River is presented. Methods
for cleaning the waterfowl are outlined and several organic
cleaning solvents are discussed.
74
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4. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
C-0636-77
REPORT OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION FROM
SHIPS
Anon. 1976.
London, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization,
1976. 90p.
Oil transport, Ships, Tankers, Pollution prevention, Oil-water
separation, Oil spills
Subjects covered include a review of the 1973 convention; national
and regional arrangements; construction, equipment, and operation
of chemical tankers; segregated ballast tankers; oily water
separators and oil monitoring and control equipment; operation
of oil tankers; reception facilities in ports; sewage and garbage
from ships; contingency planning; measures for control, detection,
and data collection; and methods for dealing with spills.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00345. 1977]
C-0637-77
TRAGEDY OF TANKER GROUNDING EMPHASIZED
Anon. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(8):17-A.
Oil spills, Tankers, Metula oil spill, Environmental protection,
Offshore drilling, Pollution control
The long-lasting adverse effects of the 1974 Metula oil spill,
the need for careful environmental planning in offshore drilling,
and incidents leading to the evolution of the present oil spill
control technology were topics recently discussed at the Second
Annual Marine Technology Assessment Conference held at the Texas
A & M University.
C-0638-77
CHALLENGE OF DEEPWATER TERMINALS
Bragaw, L. K., H. S. Marcus, G. C. Raffaele, and J. R. Townley.
1975.
Lexington, Mass., D. C. Heath and Co., 1975. 185p.
Offshore development, Ports, Tankers, Socio-economic effects,
Environmental effects, *Deepwater terminals
The development of deep-water terminals presents potential hazards
that must be considered and dealt with. To aid in formulating
policies on offshore ports, this study examines the economic,
social, technological, and environmental impacts - both offshore
and onshore - of such development.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(50):#227,830. 1976]
75
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C-0639-77
OIL IMPORTS AND DEEPWATER PORTS
Brown, D. 1976.
Environmental Data Service Jan:10-13.
Ports, Environmental effects, Socio-economic effects, Oil spills,
Coasts, *Deepwater ports
The environmental and socio-economic effects of deepwater ports
are dealt with in the Deepwater Port Act of 1974. The delegation
of responsibilities to the Deepwater Ports Project Office are
reviewed and procedures to evaluate the risk of oil spill damage
along coastal waters are presented.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(6):#76-05612. 1976]
C-0640-77
WASHINGTON DETERMINED TO CONTROL TANKER MOVEMENT IN PUGET SOUND
Browning, R. J. 1976.
National Fisherman 57(8):16-A.
Tankers, Regulations, Law enforcement, Oil transport, Washington,
Puget Sound
Fishermen, environmentalists, and most citizens of the state of
Washington approved tough new tanker rules which prohibit the use
of oil tankers of more than 125,000 dwt in Puget Sound and also
require the use of tugboat escorts. These new regulations have
met with considerable resistance from the tanker and oil refinery
industry; recent incidents concerning these regulations are
detailed.
C-0641-77
POLLUTANT TRANSFER TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Duce, R. A., P. L. Parker, and C. S. Giam. 1974.
Deliberations and Recommendations of the NSF/IDOE Pollutant
Transfer Workshop, Port Aransas, Texas, January 11-12, 1974. 55p.
Hydrocarbons, Oil transfer, Oceans, Distribution, Marine organisms,
Food web, *Transfer processes
This report summarizes the research accomplishments during the
first two years of the Pollutant Transfer Program of the National
Science Foundation, International Decade of Ocean Exploration.
Discussion is separated into two chapters: trace metals, and
chlorinated and petroleum hydrocarbons. Described are intercali-
bration and standardization programs planned and underway,
research on transfer processes to the marine environment, and
transfer processes within the marine environment (physical,
chemical, biological) for the three classes of pollutants.
76
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C-0642-77
DEEPWATER PORTS: POLICY ISSUES IN FLORIDA
Dzurik, A. 1975.
Florida Coastal Policy Study: The Impact of Offshore Oil
Development. A. L. Pearman and J. W. Stafford (eds.). Florida
State University, and University of South Florida, 1975 (reprinted
1976). Chapter VIII. p. 193-222. Final report.
Ports, Oil transfer, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Environmental effects,
Socio-economic effects, Legislation, *Deepwater ports
An overview is presented of the characteristics and policy issues
associated with potential construction and operation of deepwater
ports in or near Florida waters. Included is an assessment of the
environmental, economic, and social impacts of deepwater port
development. Pertinent federal legislation and federal and state
agencies involved in deepwater port development are identified.
C-0643-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE.- BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOME
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Draft environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/346, DES-76-5. 409p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Louisiana,
*Bayou Choctaw Salt Domes
The Bayou Choctaw site, a salt dome with existing cavities located
in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, has been selected as a candidate
site for the proposed storage of crude oil because it offers the
advantage of large storage capacity, easy access to the distribution
network, and a short preparation period. This site-specific EIS
assesses the environmental impacts caused by site preparation and
operation.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(25):#PB-257 506/6GA.
1976]
C-0644-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE, COTE BLANCHE MINE
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Draft environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/34S, DES-76-7.
691p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Louisiana, *Cote
Blanche Mine
This site specific environmental impact statement assesses the
Cole Blanche salt mine located in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana,
for the proposed storage of crude oil. The Strategic Petroleum
Reserve program was established by Congress to provide the U.S.
with sufficient petroleum reserves so as to minimize the effects
of any future oil supply interruption.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(25):#PB-257388/9GA. 1976]
77
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C-0645-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE, WEEKS ISLAND MINE
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Draft environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/349, DES-76-8.
694p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Louisiana,
*Weeks Island Mine
This site specific environmental impact statement assesses the Weeks
Island salt mine located in Iberia Parish, Louisiana, for the
proposed storage of crude oil. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve
program was established by Congress to provide the U.S. with
sufficient petroleum reserves so as to minimize the effects of
any future oil supply interruption.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(25):#PB-257 389/7GA.
1976]
C-0646-77
THE OIL WILL SOON FLOW, BUT WHERE WILL IT GO?
Fradkin, P. L. 1977.
Audubon 79(1):86-111.
Oil transport, Environmental effects, Pipelines, Economic effects,
Alaska, California
Transporting Alaskan oil to California and other coastal states
is reviewed with particular reference to environmental impacts
and citizen opposition. Three pipeline routes, the Sohio, the
Northern tier, and the Trans-provincial pipeline, are discussed
and economic effects of the oil on west coast industries are
presented.
C-0647-77
STUDY ON TREATMENT OF TANKER-DISCHARGED OILY WATER WITH IMPROVED
TYPE SLOP TANK
Fukuda, S., Y. Seike, M. Nakajima, and H. Taniguchi. 1976.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review 13(3):487-495.
Oil discharges, Tankers, Wastewater treatment, *Slop tank
An improved slop tank for oil tanker load-on-top systems is
described. The slop tank consists of a sludge recovery compart-
ment and a settling compartment. Tests indicate that the
improved load-on-top system satisfies discharge regulations
for crude oil established at the 1973 IMCO Convention.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00750. 1977]
78
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C-0648-77
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION DURING OIL TRANSFER OPERATIONS: AN
EVALUATION OF USCG PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
Harrald, J. R., C. M. Stone, and K. R. Karwan. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 223-227. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil transfer, Pollution prevention, Oil discharges, Statistical
analysis, Regulations, USCG
The origins, implementation, and effectiveness of a U.S. Coast
Guard program to prevent discharges of oil during vessel oil-
transfer operations are reviewed. An analysis of statistical
data indicates that the preventive program and resultant regula-
tions which have been implemented have achieved a measurable
reduction of transfer-related pollution incidents.
C-0649-77
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MONITORING OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINES:
A TECHNICAL NOTE
Limoges, L. 1975.
Florida Coastal Policy Study: The Impact of Offshore Oil
Development. A. L. Pearman and J. W . Stafford (eds.). Florida
State University, and University of South Florida, 1975 (reprinted
1976). Chapter VIII, p. 163-191. Final report.
Oil transport, Pipelines, Environmental effects, Estuaries,
Plants, Animals, Monitoring, Florida
s
The potential environmental effects of the construction and operation
of oil and gas pipeline corridors in F.lorida's estuarine and marsh-
land environments are summarized. The tolerance of various plant
and animal communities and species to the effects of pipeline
dredging, such as sedimentation and water turbidity, are evaluated.
Recommendations for monitoring the pipelines are made.
C-0650-77
SUPERTANKERS AND THE LAW OF THE SEA
Mostert, N. 1976.
Sierra Club Bulletin 61(6):13-16.
Tankers, Oil transport, Economics, Oil spills, Pollution control,
Regulations, *Standards
The economic plight of the oil tanker owner and its direct effect
on increased pollution of the sea by oil spills are discussed.
Strong controls are desperately needed for the tanker industry;
the best method is for the state from which the tankers sail to
impose strong local laws for the tankers using their ports.
[from Energy Review No. 17:10. 1976]
79
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C-0651-77
MINI-COMPUTERS USED IN METERING AND LEAK DETECTION SYSTEMS FOR
LIQUID PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PIPELINES
Phillips, R. D., and C. Crider. 1975.
IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference, 22nd, Milwaukee,
1975. p. 129-135.
Leakage, Pipelines, Detection, *Mim*-computers
The use of mini-computers is discussed on the basis of their
advantages, practical limitations and disadvantages; their use by
Colonial Pipeline Company in metering and leak detection systems
is described and evaluated.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(12):#083245. 1976]
C-0652-77
OIL ON TROUBLED WATERS (editorial)
Plant, A. F. 1977.
Chemical & Engineering News 55(3):4.
Oil spills, Tankers, U.S., Regulations, International agreements
The recent series of tanker accidents off U.S. coasts since
December, 1976, is briefly reviewed and the need to establish
international and/or national controls on shipping vessels is
discussed.
C-0653-77
THE TANKER/PIPELINE CONTROVERSY
Stewart R. J. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 95-99. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil transport, Pipelines, Tankers, Statistical analysis, Oil
spills
The paper examines the spill data that have become available
in recent years and the analytical techniques applied to the
data to see if there is a reasonable basis for the preference
given pipelines over tankers. The difficulty encountered in
making the pipeline/tanker comparison is illustrated with
statistics.
80
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C-0654-77
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING DEEP-WATER PORTS DESIGN
CRITERIA
U.S. Coast Guard. 1975.
U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. lip.
Development, Ports, Environmental protection, Regulations,
Design and engineering
Methods are established for defining the environmental conditions
which will affect operations at the port site and which must be
considered in establishing design criteria for all fixed marine
and floating components of a deep-water port. A list of applicable
laws concerning protection of the environment is also included.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(48):#227,447. 1976]
C-0655-77
SUPERPORT FOR PALAU DEBATED: ECOPOLITICS IN THE FAR PACIFIC
Walsh, J. 1976.
Science 194(4268):919-921.
Ports, Oil transport, Storage, Social effects, Environmental
effects, Oil spills, Pacific Ocean, *Palau, *Superport development
Adverse environmental and social effects which would accompany
the development of a superport and oil storage complex in the
Palauan Islands are pointed out. Situated near major tanker routes
at the western end of the Caroline Islands, the fragile ecology of
Palau would be vulnerable to superport construction, dredging,
and oil spills, or discharges from tankers and onshore storage
facilties.
C-0656-77
NEW THREAT FOR LOUISIANA WETLANDS
Worthington, V. 1977.
Conservation News 42(3):2-5.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, Oil spills, Groundwater,
Vegetation, Louisana, Texas, *Salt domes
The Federal Energy Administration's plan to store imported oil
inside five or six salt domes located in southern Louisiana and
Texas according to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of
1974 is detailed. The risks involved in transporting oil and
the environmental effects of oil spills and brine spills are
discussed with emphasis on groundwater pollution and the
destruction of vegetation.
81
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5. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C-0657-77
COMPACT INCINERATOR FOR SOLID AND LIQUID WASTES
Anon. 1976.
Processing 22(5):33.
Waste oil disposal, Incineration, Solid wastes, *Liquid wastes
A small self-contained incinerator, the "Furnapak", is available
for applications involving the burning of sewage screening, oily
wastes, and sewage sludges. A rotating rabble shaft and air
injection are employed in a manner similar to multiple hearth
furnaces. Both solid and liquid wastes can be incinerated
simultaneously or independently. Operation procedures and
capabilities are discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(23):#W76-12612. 1976]
H. Grizzard. 1976.
C-0658-77
CLARIFICATION TANK
Bascope, A. H., and E.
U.S. Patent 3,951, 816
Oil-water separation, Design and engineering, Patent
A clarification apparatus and oil-water separation tank designed
for the separation of petroleum from flood water are described.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#18834k. 1977]
3,951,816
CLARIFICATION TANK
Alberto H. Bascope. and Eugene H. Griz/ard, both nf Hunting-
ton Beach, Calif., assignors to Burrnah Oil and Gas Corn-
pan), Houston, Tex.
Filed June 28, 1971, Ser. No. 157,343
Int. Cl.! BOH) 21124
U.S. Cl. 210 519 1 Claim
82
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C-0659-77
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING FROM WATER LIQUIDS LIGHTER THAN WATER,
ESPECIALLY OIL
Biswanger, K., P. Jakubek, and C. Cuillery. 1976.
Belgian Patent 814,992
Oil-water separation, Design and engineering, Patent
"A valve opening to the air is provided between the pump which
moves the liquids and the separation chamber. An overflow is
provided in the line between the sedimentation chamber and the
filter."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(8):#230,638. 1977]
C-0660-77
CONTROLLING SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION AT THE ESSO REFINERY AT
ANTWERP [in Dutch]
Bossuyt, L. 1976.
Het Ingenieursblad 45(2):41-49.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oil-water separation, Belgium
The complex wastewater treatment system at the Esso Petroleum
Refinery at Antwerp, Belgium, is described. After various oil-
water separation processes, the oil content of the wastewaters
is reduced from 30-50 g/m3 to below 1 g/m3.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(23):#W76-12416. 1976]
C-0661-77
FIGHT AGAINST POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS AT THE ESSO REFINERY
AT ANTWERP [in French]
Bossuyt, L. 1976.
Technique de 1'Eau et de 1'Assainissement No. 352:23-34.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Pollution prevention, *Surface
waters, Belgium
"The prevention of water pollution in oil refineries, waste water
treatment installations, and treatment of refinery residues are
described."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#8345n. 1977]
C-0662-77
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE ECONOMICS OF WASTE HANDLING
Bridgwater, A. V., S. A. Gregory, C. J. Mumford, and E. L. Smith.
1975.
Resource Recovery and Conservation l(l):3-23.
83
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Economics, Oil industry, Wastewaters, Waste oil, Solid wastes,
Disposal, Recycling
A systems approach to the economics of treatment, transport,
disposal, and recycling of wastes in the oil industry is presented.
Costs and benefits of each stage of waste processing and alternative
ways of treating, disposing, or recycling specific wastes are
considered. The economic effects of new legislation and changes
in production and usage patterns are assessed, and alternatives
to waste disposal are suggested.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00745. 1977]
C-0663-77
APPARATUS AND-METHOD FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM OIL-CONTAMINATED WATER
Broadribb, M. P., R. C. Pitkethly, and M. W. Tideswell. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,551,416
Wastewater treatment, Contaminants, Oil-water separation, Coalescence,
Design and engineering, Patent
"A column spaced with several layers of solid particles, e.g.
anthracite was used for coalescing and separating oil droplets
from oil-contaminated waters."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#8445v. 1977]
C-0664-77
PLATE SEPARATOR FOR FLUID MIXTURES
Castelli, J. L. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,957,656
Dispersions, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Design and engineering,
Patent
An oil-water separator is described which is provided with corrugated
baffle plates arranged parallel to each other and positioned to provide
alternating constriction and expansion during fluid passage. Differen-
tial acceleration and deceleration of the dispersed oil droplets
enhances collision and coalescence of the droplets.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#18838q. 1977]
3,957,656
PLATE SKPARATOR KOR KLl'll) MIXTL'HKS
Jostph L. CaMelli, 611 Forest Riiad, \Vajne, l>a. 19087
Continuation of Ser. No. 248,421, April 28, 1972, abandoned.
This application Mar. 4, 1974, Srr. No. 447,795
Int. Cl.- HO ID 21/00
I'.S. Cl. 210-521 2 Claims
'/•S
84
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C-0665-77
OIL REMOVAL
Chambers, D. B. 1976.
South African Patent 75 06,346
Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Patent
A method is described for removing oil from an oil-in-water
emulsion by contacting the emulsion with a fibrous structure of
inorganic fibers and removing the coalesced oil droplets from the
fibers.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(5):#229,882. 1977]
C-0666-77
SLICK SOLUTIONS TO OILY WATER SEPARATION
Cooke, B. 1976.
Process Engineering October:73-74.
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Flocculation, Precipitation,
Design and engineering
Oil-water separation equipment commonly used to meet various
environmental, chemical, and physical requirements is reviewed;
emulsions, flocculation, precipitation, oil droplet size, and
oil load are discussed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(5):#229,889. 1977]
C-0667-77
NEW TECHNOLOGY IN WATER-HYDROCARBON SEPARATIONS[in French]
Cuillery, C. 1976.
Filtration et Techniques Separatives 7:20-22.
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Filtration, Flotation
The "Hydropur" process, which utilizes the density differences
between water and hydrocarbons to effect oil-water separation,
is discussed. The polluted liquid is first filtered to remove
suspended particles, then treated by diffusion which allows
hydrocarbon particles to float for easy removal.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21456u. 1977]
85
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C-0668-77
REDUCTION IN THE VOLUME OF EFFLUENT FROM A REFINERY
Farber, A. L. 1975.
American Institute of Chemical Engineering Symposium Series 71
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Disposal, Conservation
"The different effluent systems, e.g. desalter water, stripped
sour water, cooling water blowdown, demineralizer rinse and spent
regenerant wastes, and treatment that might by employed in a
typical refinery to aid water conservation and reduce the volume
are discussed."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21497h. 1977]
C-0669-77
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OIL SPILL DEBRIS DISPOSAL
Farlow, J. S., D. E. Ross, and R. Landreth. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 265-269. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Disposal, Hydrocarbons, Biodegradation, Manuals,
*Debris disposal
A manual and film for oil spill debris disposal prepared by SCS
Engineers, Inc., for the Environmental Protection Agency is
presented. Because aerobic conditions result in relatively rapid
microbial degradation of the hydrocarbons, a landspreading process
is recommended wherever debris size and access to suitable land
permits.
C-0670-77
BINDER FOR CORROSIVE LIQUIDS ESPECIALLY ACIDS AND OIL
Fuelling, W. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,455,316
Oil spills, Cleanup, Waste oil, Absorption, Patent, *Metallurgical
pumice
Spilled acids and oil are absorbed by metallurgical pumice granules
that are sintered at 675°C, cooled, and mixed with 5 wt% slaked
lime. The mixture sinks into and absorbs crude oil, and the
slaked lime improves the oil-pumice bond.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21587n. 1977]
86
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C-0671-77
USE OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYELECTROLYTES FOR PURIFYING PETROLEUM-
CONTAINING WASTE WATERS [in Russian]
Gandurina, L. V., L. B. Zubakova, I. N. Myasnikov. L. N. Butseva,
A. B. Zhovnirovskaya, and V. V. Ledeneva. 1976.
Plasticheskie Massy No. 5:59-61.
Wastewaster treatment, Contaminants, Flocculation, *Flocculant -
polyelectrolytes
"Waste waters were purified by cation exchange flocculants, alone
or with Al2 (S04)3. Flocculant-polyelectrolytes of VPS series,
based on vinylpyndine, were used. Combined use of Al2 ($04)3
and VPS-47 was the most effective at optimum doses 50g Al2
(S04)3 and 2g flocculant/1."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(24):#181861e. 1976]
C-0672-77
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM WATER
Garber, D. C. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,965,004
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Ballast, Coalescence,
Patent
Oily ballast water from tankers is treated by passing it through
a conventional oil-water separator. The effluent is then passed
through a ceramic-pellet dewaxer unit which retains waxes, asphalts,
gums and similar materials. Effluent from the dewaxer passes
through a sand filter to remove particulates, and a final coalescing
unit removes remaining oil droplets.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00687. 1977]
KKMOYAL OK ( ON I \M!SAN IS FROM \\ \1KR
Daniel C. Carht-r, Ottrhrook Hill',, Pa., *-MKn.>r !» Sun Ship-
building & Dr,r!(K-k Coinpanj, OH MIT, Pa.
Conlinuation-in-parl of Sir. No. .lOf.fiJO, Nov. 10, 1972,
abandoned. This application Jan. .*0, 1975, Scr. No M?,640
Int. Cl.! C10C 43104
U.S.CI. 210-73 W 9 Claims
87
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C-0673-77
EFFLUENT REDUCTION THROUGH WATER CONSERVATION AND REUSE AS
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES
Goldstein, P. 1976.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Division,
Joint Petroleum Mechanical Engineering and Pressure Vessels and
Piping Conference, 1976. Paper 76-Pet-71. 8p.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Pollution control, Conservation,
*Water reuse
Cooling system effluent reduction by water management, softening,
reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis is discussed. Effluent
reduction in utilities operations and the overall impact of
effluent reduction practices are described and illustrated.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00410. 1977]
C-0674-77
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(3):105-112.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Activated sludge, Guidelines
Refinery effluent water quality can be significantly improved
and capital and operating costs can be lowered by carefully
controlling and integrating the separate elements of a waste-
water treatment system. This article, which discusses the
activated sludge process, is the first of a series that outlines
key objectives and recommends treatment sequences for optimizing
refinery wastewater treatment systems.
C-0675-77
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 2. INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(4):213-218.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Contaminants, intermediate
treatment
Intermediate treatment facilities should be optimized for
contaminant reduction and equalization using hydraulic,chemical
and physical design considerations. This can be*achieved by:
using a multiple compartmented basin for hydraulic equalization;
monitoring for undesirable contaminants using the first compart-
ment; using the second compartment to maximize oxygen transfer
and rate of reaction of oxygen with contaminants by using the
same highly mixed compartment for pH control; physically removing
flocculated contaminants, destabilizing residual colloidal matter
chemically and removing it by filtration; and minimizing retention
time to conserve heat.
-------
C-0676-77
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 3. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF
DESTABILIZATION
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(5):221-230.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, *Colloid destabilization
The properties of suspended solids in refinery effluents are
described, and the objective of colloidal destabilization of
suspended particles by chemical treatment is given. Colloid
destabilization mechanisms include: colloid entrapment or
removal via sweep floe mechanism, reduction in surface charge by
double layer repression, bridging by polymers, and charge neutral-
ization by adsorption. Destabilizing chemicals and a destabilization
model are topics discussed.
C-0677-77
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 4. APPROACH TO CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. "Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(6):115-123.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, *Chemical treatment, *Water-
borne colloids
Chemical treatment methods for destabilizing and separating
waterborne colloids from refinery wastewaters are detailed.
The colloidal components consist of two basic types: the
relatively inert substances such as clay, sand, and organics
(including oil globules), and microorganisms or biocolloids.
Examples and case histories of the treatment of these major
colloidal systems are presented.
C-0678-77
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 5. MULTI-MEDIA FILTERS
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(7):113-118.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Filtration, Oil-water separation
Theoretical and practical aspects of the filtration of petroleum
refinery effluents are examined. Filtration mechanisms and chemical
treatments that enhance filtration are briefly discussed. The
application of filtration technology by the oil industry in the
clarification of make-up waters, API separator effluents, aerated
lagoon effluents, activated sludge unit effluents, and treatment
of cooling and connate water is described.
89
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C-0679-77
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 6. BIOCHEMISTRY OF ACTIVATED
SLUDGE PROCESS
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. '1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(8):137-142.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Contaminants, Activated sludge,
*Biochemistry
The fundamental biochemical principles involved in the biodegradation
and removal of organic contaminants from (refinery) wastewaters are
reviewed.
C-0680-77
OILY BILGE WATER TREATMENT WITH A TUBULAR ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM
Harris, L. R. 1976.
American Society of Chemical Engineers, Aerospace Division,
Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 1976. Paper
76-ENAS-20. 6p.
Wastewater treatment, Bilges, Oil-water separation, Filtration,
*Tubular ultrafiltration system
A tubular ultrafiltration system using cellulosic and noncellulosic
membranes was tested with bilges and other oily wastes, alone and
combined with nonionic detergent. Detergent addition resulted in
a steeper flux decline than any of the fluids evaluated alone.
Both membrane types produced a permeate with an oil content <15
mg/1. The noncellulosic membranes exhibited higher flux rates than
the cellulosic membranes; only the former could be restored to its
initial water flux by a cleaning operation.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00236. 1977]
C-0681-77
PROCESS FOR REMOVING DISPERSED MATTER FROM WATER
Irani, C. A., and D. J. McHugh. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,965,001
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption, Precipitation,
pH control, Patent
Dispersed matter and oil in water is removed by adding a flocculated
salt selected from the group consisting of iron, aluminum and Group
IIA of the Periodic Table of Elements, and additional oil. The
contaminants are adsorbed by the floes, and these are precipitated
by pH adjustment.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00684. 1977]
90
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C-0682-77
THE LATEST TRENDS IN OILY WASTE WATER TREATMENT [in Japanese]
Katsuta, K. 1976.
Junkatsu 2U4}:211-218.
Wastewater treatment, Industries
"A review with 11 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(26):#197553s. 1976]
C-0683-77
OIL ADSORBER
Kobayashi, Y., and T. Onitake. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 79,691
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption, Patent,
*Polyolefin
A polyolefin is mixed with 0.01 to 2.0% nonionic or amphoteric
surfactant to yield an oil adsorbing agent.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(26):#197785u. 1976]
C-0684-77
UPGRADING LOW-GRADE OILS
Kondo, M. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,959,119
Waste oil, Reclamation, Refining, Patent
A process for refining waste oils and spent oils containing water
and sludge is described. The process involves thermal cracking
in a fluidized-sand bed at 400-500°C followed by fractionation
into gas-liquid phases and condensation to form a refined oil and
a combustible gas.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#19377a. 1977]
91
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C-0685-77
WASTEWATER PURIFICATION IN A PETROCHEMICAL PLANT [in German]
Krause, G. 1975.
Erdoel und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie 28(7):340.
Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals, Economics, Legislation,
West Germany
A brief review of pertinent legislation is presented. The important
factors in tightening up the current purification procedures are the
new Federal Iranission Protection Act; Wastewater Discharge Act, and
the 4th Supplementary Law on Water Economy. To comply with current
legislation, an average of 8% of total investment costs are used for
purification installations.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(7):#1597. 1976]
C-0686-77
COALESCING UNIT FOR GRAVITY SEPARATOR
Krueger, D. L. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,951,814
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Design
and engineering, Patent
A coalescing apparatus and materials are described which remove
a dispersed liquid such as petroleum by sorption onto fibers or
porous materials.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#18834k. 1977]
3,951,814
COALESCING UNIT FOR GRAVITY SEPARATOR
Dennis L. Krueger, Hudson, Wis., assignor to Minnesota Min-
ing and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minn.
Continuation of Ser. No. 407,965, Nov. 12, 1974, Pat. No.
3,847,821. This application Nov. 7, 1974, Ser. No. 521,787
The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to Nov. 12,
1991, has been disclaimed.
Int. Cl.= B01D2-5//6
U.S. Cl. 210-488 13 Claims
92
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C-0687-77
INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA RELATED TO THE REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED OIL
FROM REFINERY WASTEWATERS
Luthy, R. G., R. E. Selleck, and T. R. Galloway. 1975.
SERL Report 75(3):1-94,
Oil-water separation, Wastewaters, Refineries, Emulsions, Flocculation
API refinery separator effluent levels were reduced to 10 mg/1 oil
with a 15 mg/1 dose of 75% charged di ally! dimethyl ammonium compound
copolymer without aluminum or ferric coagulants. Efficient polymer
bridging was necessary and good flocculation yielded good oil
flotation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(26):#197737e. 1976]
C-0688-77
INVESTIGATION INTO THE TREATMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL WASTES
Lyons, B. J., and J. G. Parker. 1975.
Treatment, Recycle and Disposal of Wastes. Clayton, Australia,
National Chemical Engineering Conference, 1975. Paper T39-T42.
National Chemical Engineering Conference, 3rd, Victoria, Australia, 1975.
Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals,
Discussed are the types of treatment processes available to handle
petrochemical wastewaters with wide pH fluctuations, high temperatures,
variable suspended solids and turbidity, oils and greases, detergents,
nutrients, toxic metals, gases and organic matter.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(12):#083249. 1976]
C-0689-77
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL AND WATER
Maatschappi, B. V. 1976.
Netherlands Application 7,413,907
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Flotation,
Design and engineering, Patent
An oil-water separator is described which consists of a rectangular
tank with specially arranged vertical and sloping baffle plates.
Flow of oily wastewater through the baffle arrangement causes the
oil to coalesce and float to the top of the tank from where it is
collected. The oil-free water then exits through an outlet chamber.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#6648q. 1977]
93
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C-0690-77
SURFACE PHENOMENA IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING [in Japanese]
Matsumoto, T. 1976.
Hyomen 14(3):165-170.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption, *Detergents
Temperature had a profound effect in experiments in which 1% heavy
oil was mixed with seawater at 40-50°. Detergents can inhibit oil-
water separation, especially at room temperature. Oil-containing
waste water was treated using a settling tank, an oil-water separator,
and adsorption on activated carbon.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(24):#181853d. 1976]
C-0691-77
VACUUM STRIPPING OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED WATER STREAMS
McGill, J. C.
U.S. Patent 3,898,058
Wastewater treatment, Hydrocarbons, Contaminants, *Vacuum stripping
"Use of a high vapor pressure stripping gas on an aqueous stream at
at least 40°F."
[from Environmental Technology & Economics No. 1:5. 1977]
3.898,058
VACITM STRIPPING OF HVUHOCARRON
CONTAMINATED WATER STREAMS
James C. McGill, Tulsa, Okla., assignor to H-T Management
Company, Tulsa, Okla.
Filed Apr. 12, 1973, Ser. No. 350,311
Int. a. BOld 79/00
U.S. CL 55-50 12 Claims
94
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C-0692-77
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COAGULATION, FOR USE IN SEPARATING OIL
AND WATER
McGrew, J. L. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,613,870
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsion, Coagulation,
Patent
An oil-water emulsion is separated in an apparatus having a 3-
dimensional network structure with a surface which sorbs oils.
Oil droplets coagulate on the surface and can be squeezed or
washed off the structure.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(26):#197786v. 1976]
C-0693-77
LIGHT LIQUID AND/OR FAT SEPARATOR
Meier, K. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschrifteri (unexamined patent application)
2,441,401
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Design and engineering,
Patent
Oils, fats, and other light liquids can be separated from water by
a device which contains 2 chambers, connecting channels with slits,
and a reflux cleaning device in the separating wall.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#6641g. 1977]
C-0694-77
PROSPECTS FOR USING MOLLUSK-FILTRATES OF SEA MUSSELS FOR THE
PURIFICATION OF BALLAST WATERS OF TANKERS [in Russian]
Milovidova, N. Yu. 1975.
Biologicheskoe Samoochishchenie i Formiroyanie Kachestva Vody,
Materialy Vsesoyuznogo Simpoziuma po Sanitarnoi Gidrobiologii,
2nd, 1973. M. M. Telitchenko (ed.). Moscow, "Nauka", 1975.
p. 141-143.
Wastewater treatment, Ballast, Tankers, Mollusks, *Myti1us
galloprovincialis
When Black Sea mussel, Mytil us galloproyincialis was placed in
a 200-500 ml vessel containing 0.1% emulsion of crude oil in
seawater, the total crude oil content dropped 22-40% in one day
in the form of mussel pseudofeces. After 5 days, total content
of crude oil decreased by 52% as compared to 26% for the control.
Medium size mollusks survived 2-15 days in this environment, while
young perished in 8-20 days.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(24):#181891q. 1976]
95
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C-0695-77
METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR PURIFYING WASTE WATER
Ochsenschlaeger, M., P. Pfeiffer, and R. Schwiete. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,507,733
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil, Emulsions, Patent
A mixture of kaolin and Al2(S04)3, and optionally bentonite and
^2(504)3, is used for treating waste water containing emulsified
oils such as motor oils and lubricating oils.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#8452v. 1977]
C-0696-77
PROCESS FOR TREATING EFFLUENTS CONTAINING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Oldham, G. F. 1976.
French Patent 2,277,777
Wastewater treatment, Petroleum products, Patent
Wastewater is passed through a sand filter and then through a
biological percolation filter. The treated water contains no
petroleum products.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(6):#230,161. 1977]
C-0697-77
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF LIGHTER LIQUIDS FROM
WATER, ESPECIALLY FROM RESIDUAL WATER
Passavant Werke Mi die Hutte. 1976.
French Patent 2,275,237
Wastewater treatment, Extraction, Contaminants, Design and
engineering, Patent
This invention provides for the extraction of oil or gasoline
from residual water which it pollutes. Feed liquid circulates
downward along an inclined passage allowing the buoyancy force
to drive the lighter polluting liquid into contact with the roof
of the passage and lower side of the baffles. The pollutant is
then withdrawn by aspiration or absorption through holes in the
top surface of the flow channel.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#229,170. 1977]
96
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C-0698-77
PROCESS FOR SEPARATING WATER AND LIGHT HYDROCARBONS FROM A FLUID
FLOW MEDIUM
Pi 1cher, D. W. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,968,659
Oil wells, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering, Patent
A process for separating petroleum from water at the well head
is described. The fluid mixture is conducted through a heat
exchanger and a vortex generation chamber splits the fluid flow
into a hot and a cold stream. One stream is conducted to the
heat exchanger for heat transfer between the stream and the
fluid flow, and the cold stream is conducted to a vessel to
condense and separate entrained hydrocarbons which are then
collected.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#7029a. 1977]
3,968,659
PROCESS FOR SEPARATING WATER AND LIQUID
HYDROCARBONS FROM A FLUID FLOW MEDIUM
David W. Pitcher, 2544 Aspen, Pampa, Tex. 79605
Filed Sept. 9, 1974, Ser. No. 504,271
Int. CI.1 F25B 9/02
U.S. CI. 62—5 10 Claims
C-0699-77
ENERGY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Prather, B. V., and E. P. Young. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(5):88-92.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Water quality, Oil-water
separation, *Energy requirements
Energy requirements for petroleum refinery wastewater treatment
vary with type of treatment and effluent quality requirements.
The major treatment processes are reviewed and energy requirements
are given for the API separator, trickling filters, oxidation towers,
and activated sludge.
97
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C-0700-77
SEPARATION OF OILS, FATS, AND OTHER FINELY DISPERSED MATERIALS
FROM WASTEWATER
Reti, I., T. Peter, 6. Jurkovich, and B. Ujfalussy. 1976.
Hungarian Patent 12,027
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Flotation, Patent
A procedure is described in which wastewater is introduced at
high speed into a cylindrical apparatus provided with deflection
plates. Air is bubbled upwards along the walls to provide an
upward helical motion to the effluent. The combined streaming
motion and flotation efficiently separates oil and other substances
which are then decanted from the top.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21585k. 1977]
C-0701-77
NAVY DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE SHIPBOARD BILGE OIL/WATER SEPARATORS
Smookler, A. L., J. W. Harden, and P. D. Conroy. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 423-428. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil-water separation, Bilges, Ships, Design and engineering, USN
The development and evaluation of a Navy shipboard bilge oil-water
separator are detailed and performance goals for effluent oil
levels during in-port and at-sea periods are established. Test
results on actual and deliberately contaminated bilge water are
reported.
C-0702-77
OIL-ABSORBING COMPOSITE
Suzuki, T., T. Ito, and T. Onuma. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 92,791
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Absorption, Patent
Micro-cellulosic fiber and micro-inorganic powder are mixed to
give an oil-absorbing composite containing less than 2Q% water.
Under experimental conditions, a composition of cellulose pulp
and clay absorbed type A heavy oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(24):#179312h. 1976]
98
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C-0703-77
OIL ADSORBENT
Toyama, M., T. Ito, E. Kobayashi, and K. Hino. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 100,981
Waste oil treatment, Adsorption, Patent
"Cellophane flakes treated with 1:1 masticated natural rubber-
polyterpene resin (softening point 100°) were used as adsorbents
for hydrocarbon oils."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#21586m. 1977]
C-0704-77
CONSOLIDATED HAZARDOUS ITEM LIST
U.S. Navy. Supply Systems Command. 1976.
NAVSUP Publication 4500.
Disposal, Waste oil, Petrochemicals, Storage, Manuals, USN
This U.S. Navy Manual covers the marking, storage, and disposal
of some 8000 hazardous and toxic materials including oils and
some petrochemicals. It is available from the Navy Fleet Material
Support Office, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania 17055.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(5):#HMS 7738. 1976]
C-0705-77
BLACK OIL DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
Wise, N., and P. A. Brunk. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 277-279. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Disposal, Incineration, Chesapeake Bay, *Black oil
The burning of 4?2,000 1 (125,000 gal) of contaminated black oil
in the Chesapeake Bay is discussed and the use of the brush burner,
a fan which forces a high volume of air to sustain a fire hot
enough to burn contaminated black oil, is described.
99
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6. RECLAMATION AND REUSE
C-0706-77
WASTE OIL STUDY. REPORT TO CONGRESS
Environmental Protection Agency. 1974. 414p.
Waste oil, Recycling, Reuse, Disposal, Biological effects
The collection of waste oils from industrial operations and
automative services is the weakest link in the waste oil recycling/
disposal scheme. Current disposal methods include re-refining, use
as a fuel in industrial applications, use in road oils, asphalts,
and as a dust palliative, disposal in sanitary landfills, and
intentional dumping on land and in water. The U.S. re-refining
industry is discussed and results of biological studies are
presented.
[from Governments Reports Announcements 76(24):#PB-257 693/2GA.
1976]
C-0707-77
REGENERATION OF WASTE LUBRICANTS
Takaoka, S. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 41,706
Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Patent
Treatment of waste lubricating oils with H2S04 and Na2C03 solution
in alcohol, followed by settling, removes sludge. Further treat-
ment with activated clay at 80°-100°C, and subsequent filtration
results in fully regenerated lubricating oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#163134r. 1976]
C-0708-77
REGENERATION OF WASTE OILS. VI [in Japanese]
Kawase, Y. 1976.
Sekiyu to Sekiyu Kagaku 20(6):82-86.
Waste oil, Reclamation, Crude oil
"A review with 7 references is presented on the clay treatment of
the lubricant fraction from crude oil and on synthetic lubricants."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#19184k. 1977]
100
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C-0709-77
REGENERATION OF WASTE OILS. VII [in Japanese]
Kawase, Y. 1976.
Sekiyu to Sekiyu Kagaku 20(7):100-104.
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation
The occurrence, purification and properties of waste oils are
reviewed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4}:#19183j. 1977]
101
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7. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
C-0710-77
THE SPILL TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROGRAM AT TEXAS A & I CORPUS
CHRISTI
Gilchrist, R. E. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 135-136. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Personnel training, Pollution prevention, Cleanup,
Contingency planning, Texas
The week-long Spill Training and Education Program at Texas A & I
at Corpus Christi enables the student to accomplish the following:
recognize the areal exposure to an oil spill, determine the
equipment needed to clean up an oil spill, prepare a contingency
plan, and recommend the vehicle to carry out the contingency plan.
To accomplish these course objectives students are trained in the
use of skimmers, booms, and other cleanup equipment and are given
classroom instruction in the environmental, legal, and economic
aspects of oil spills.
C-0711-77
HIATUSPORT - AN ON-SCENE COORDINATOR ROLE-PLAYING EXERCISE
Kangeter, E. B., III. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 141-143. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Personnel training, Pollution control, Contingency
planning, USCG, *Hiatusport exercise
The "Hiatusport" technique, an exercise used by the U.S. Coast
Guard for training on-scene coordinators, is presented and course
objectives and management are reviewed.
C-0712-77
CANADIAN APPROACH TO OIL SPILL TRAINING
Kay, G. H. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 137-138. (American Petroleum
Institute No 4284)
Oil spills, Personnel training, Pollution control, Cleanup,
Contingency planning, Canada
Oil spill training aids produced by the Consortium on Spill Training
(COST), a Canadian cooperation of industry and governments, are
described and the objectives of COST are reviewed.
102
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C-0713-77
OIL SPILL CONTROL TRAINING: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY'S APPROACH
Payne, J. L. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 129-134. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Personnel training, Oil spills, Texas, *Spill control course
The Oil Spill Control Course conducted at Galveston, Texas, by
Texas A&M University's Engineering Extension Service is described.
The program's growth and development is briefly documented.
Topics of importance include: Educational Objectives, Instructive
Modes, and Program Assessment. An outline of the Engineering
Extension Services's proposals for updating and expanding its
training program is discussed.
C-0714-77
THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY TRAINING SERVICE - EDMONTON, ALBERTA
Wetmore, W. C. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(6):36.
Personnel training, Oil industry, Pollution control, Oil spills,
Cleanup, Recovery, Restoration
The Petroleum Industry Training Service (PITS) offers courses and
educational services in most phases of the oil and gas industry.
Present spill technology courses consist of (1) a three day Oil
Spill Containment and Recovery program designed for field foremen
and other personnel directly involved in oil spill control; and
(2) a three day Oil and Salt Spill Site Rehabilitation Seminar
designed for operations management personnel, environmental
engineers, field superintendents, foremen and others directly
involved in reclamation projects.
103
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8. CONTINGENCY PLANNING
C-0715-77
OIL SPILL CONTROL IN ALBERTA
Bohme, V. E., and E. R. Brushett. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 91-94. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Pollution control, Cleanup,
Personnel training, Oil industry, Canada
The Energy Resources Conservation Board is responsible for the
administration of the oil and gas industry in Alberta. While
each oil company is held responsible for containment and cleanup
of its own spills, the Board supports the oil spill cooperative
concept in spill equipment maintenance, contingency plan prepara-
tion, and spill response training. The Board's efforts are aimed
at careful containment and cleanup of spills followed by comprehen-
sive evaluation of spill effects for effective rehabilitation
programs.
C-0716-77
A DYNAMIC INTERNATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN
Corbett, C. R., and C. J. Beckett. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 79-80. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, U.S., Canada, Oil spills, St. Lawrence River
This paper tells of an international contingency plan, the Joint
Canada/United States Marine Pollution Contingency Plan, and how
its parties managed the problems confronting them when a major
oil spill occurred in the St. Lawrence River on June 23, 1976.
C-0717-77
THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER OIL SPILL OF JUNE 23, 1976 - ARE YOU EVER
TRULY READY?
Foley, J. P., and S. J. Tresidder. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 81-85 (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Environmental effects, Cleanup,
St. Lawrence River
A case study is presented of the title oil spill in which 1.1
million liters (300,000 gallons) of No. 6 oil were released into
104
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St. Lawrence River waters. In a spill incident such as this, it
is important that the pre-designated on-scene coordinator (OSC)
implements an organizational scheme to make an effective and
thorough recovery effort. An approach which was successful on
the St. Lawrence River is pointed out.
C-0718-77
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR THE BP FORTIES OILFIELD
PRODUCTION, PIPELINE AND TERMINAL SYSTEMS
Fulleylove, R. J., and T. E. Lester. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 87-90. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Cleanup, Personnel training,
Oil fields, North Sea, *BP Forties oilfield
The plans and types of problems for BP in developing oil spill
contingency plans to cover the entire Forties oil field in the
UK sector of the North Sea are discussed. Efforts required
include re-examining methods of.oil spill cleanup at sea and
on land and, taking into account ecological problems, redesigning
equipment where necessary; coordinating with relevant authorities;
and insuring personnel training.
C-0719-77
THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF RESOURCE SENSITIVITY MAPS FOR OIL SPILL
COUNTERMEASURES
Hum, S. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 105-110. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Canada, *Resource sensitivity
maps, *British Columbia
This paper discusses the development and use of resource sensitivity
maps to provide optimal protection and to set priorities for equip-
ment and manpower deployment during an oil spill. The maps contain
sufficient details of biological resources, current land and water
uses, present access and land status, tide-current data and wind
patterns to enhance initial decision-making until more detailed
information systems are available and on-line. The maps illustrated
in this paper cover coastal areas of British Columbia and were
developed by the Environmental Protection Service of Environment
Canada.
105
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C-0720-77
OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING FOR BIOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
Linstedt-Siva, J. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 111-114. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Fate, Environmental protection,
Santa Barbara Channel, *Clean Seas, Inc.
Oil spill response plans should include the examination of physical
processes of the environment in which they will be used so that the
fate of spilled oil may be predicted, and biologically sensitive
areas that are vulnerable to oil spill damage be identified.
Clean Seas, Inc., an oil spill cooperative in Santa Barbara, is
implementing such a spill response plan designed to protect these
sensitive areas in the Santa Barbara Channel.
C-0721-77
TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF SPILL CONTROL OPERATIONS
Marum, J. P., W. R. Quanstrom, and R. G. Will. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 101-103. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Gasoline, Cleanup, Oil industry,
*Standard Oil Co. (Indiana)
Standard Oil Company (Indiana) has established a corporate technical
support group to strengthen its response to oil spills and their
effects. The group has been organized to advise and provide
consultation to line management of the AMOCO companies in dealing
with problems resulting from a spill. Two case histories are
presented which illustrate the involvement of the support group
in control of gasoline spills.
C-0722-77
OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP IN THE BEAUFORT SEA
O'Rourke, C. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter l(6):12-35.
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Cleanup, Beaufort Sea, Ice
The main elements of Canadian Marine Drilling Ltd's (Canmar) Oil
Spill Contingency Plan are presented, including the response
organization, spill reconnaissance program, and the techniques
for cleaning up oil in open arctic waters, ice-infested waters,
on and under ice, and along the shoreline. The plan is designed
to provide effective logistical and technical responses to a
hypothetical well blowout in which oil is lost at the rate of
106
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2,500 barrels per day for one year. Various techniques for cleaning
up the spill site and removing spilled oil, primarily by burning,
are described and illustrated. Canmar's present and future spill
research and development projects are briefly outlined.
C-0723-77
CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR THE IMPACT OF OIL SPILLS IN DIFFERENT
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF CANADA
Owens, E. H. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 115-122. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Cleanup, Coasts, Canada
Planning for an oil spill cleanup operation of the coastal zone
requires consideration of the physical characteristics of the
coast, wave energy levels, and tidal range. Three examples from
very different coastal environments in eastern Canada are used to
illustrate the importance of understanding the variability of
littoral processes and of geological parameters in planning
cleanup programs.
C-0724-77
OIL AND SALT WATER SPILLS IN CANADA
Pettigrew, R. K. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt Water
Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta Environment, and
University of Calgary, 1975. p. 1-11.
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Inland, Canada, Personnel
training
In this verbatim transcript of a presented paper, the possible
responses to oil spills on Canadian lands and waters are outlined.
Spill response preparedness, contingency plans and personnel
training are briefly discussed, and several case histories of
spills are reviewed.
C-0725-77
A WORKSHOP FOR DEFINING THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE
Putnam, W. H. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 125-127. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Cleanup, Pollution control,
Economics, *Local governments
The definition of how local governments are to participate under
the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Pollution Contingency
Plan is outlined with four major headings: protection of the
bays, beach cleanup, crowd and traffic control, and funding.
107
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9. PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
C-0726-77
THE LAW AND PRACTICE RELATING TO POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE MEMBER
STATES OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
(Authors unknown). 1976.
London, Graham & Trotman Ltd., 1976. 13 volumes.
Pollution control, Legislation, Oil discharges, Europe, *Marine
pollution
"A thirteen-volume series which describes the pollution control
laws and practices of each country of the European Communities."
Among th,e headings for each book is one dealing with pollution of
the seas by oil.
[from brochure of publications, Graham & Trotman Ltd.]
C-0727-77
APPARATUS FOR TANKS INSTALLED ON THE SOIL, ESPECIALLY TANKS
CONTAINING LIQUID OILY SUBSTANCES, WHICH IN CASE OF A LEAK AVOIDS
THE POLLUTION OF THE GROUND-WATER BODY
Andersen, L. J. 1976.
French Patent 2,281,884
Oil tanks, Leakage, Soil, Pollution prevention, Storage, Design
and engineering, Patent
The apparatus consists of a sealing barrier in the soil, surrounding
one or more tanks, with its rim protruding a little above the ground
level and having its lowest point below the lowest point of the
groundwater table. It may include a cover, in the bottom of the
tank, under which a well equipped with a suction pipe leads to a
small tank with a suction pump located outside the enclosure.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(8):#230,633. 1977]
C-0728-77
APPARATUS FOR DETECTING LEAKS IN DOUBLE-WALLED TANKS, WORKING
ON THE PRINCIPLE OF OVERPRESSURE
Budde, H., and J. Bahnsch. 1976.
German Patent 2,412,373 "
Oil tanks, Leakage, Detection, Design and engineering, Patent
A leak detector for storage tanks containing liquids consists of
a pump which maintains an overpressure in the control space
between the double walls. The pump is equipped with a pressure
switch which switches it on and off when the pressure drops and
reaches predetermined levels; an additional pressure switch
triggers an alarm indicator when the pressure drops below a
critical level because of a leak.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(8):#230,594. 1977]
108
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C-0729-77
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM DEFINITION FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES, SYNTHETIC
NATURAL GAS PLANTS, AND LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PLANTS
Cavanaugh, E. C., J. D. Colley, P. S. Dzierlenga, V. M. Felix, and
D. C. Jones. 1975.
NTIS Report PB-252245. 476p.
Pollution control, Refineries, *Natural gas plants, Monitoring,
Wastewaters, Solid waste
"Ambient air emissions, liquid effluents, solid wastes, monitoring
methods and control techniques are given."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#8372u. 1977]
C-0730-77
SPCC PLANNING: GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Clark, D. A. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 55-56. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Storage, Petroleum products,
Contingency planning, *0il storage plan
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans are
required by the Oil Spill Prevention Program, EPA, for facilities
with oil storage capacity above certain minimum amounts. The
paper discusses the additional beneficial effects of a good SPCC
plan other than the reduction in spill hazard.
C-0731-77
ASPECTS OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE OIL REFINING INDUSTRY [English
summary]
Colin, J. 1976.
Industries Alimentaires et Agricoles 93(2):177-183.
Pollution prevention, Refining, Oil industry, Sources
Discussed are the sources of pollution in the production of
refined and unrefined oils, and techniques of preventing pollution
from cooling water, gas washers, and the decomposition of soapstocks,
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(24):#181847e. 1976]
109
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C-0732-77
A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT: THE OCEANS
Council on Environmental Quality. 1975.
CEQ Annual Report, 6th, 1975. p. 595-607.
Pollution prevention, Oceans, Storage, Oil spills, Environmental
effects
The article discusses exploitation of marine resources, both
living and mineral, ocean dumping of harmful wastes, and oil
spills. Means for preventing adverse environmental effects from
ocean mining and offshore oil storage are described.
[from Environment,Abstracts 6(11):#76-07362. 1976]
C-0733-77
OIL SPILL CONTROL. PART 2: COUNTER MEASURES
D'Alessandro, P. L., and C. B. Cobb. 1975.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(3):145-148.
Oil spills, Pollution control, Detection, Containment, Recovery,
Disposal
Methods of detection, containment, recovery, and disposal are
reviewed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(24):#182002n. 1976]
C-0734-77
CONTROLLING POLLUTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: AN ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS
Epple, D., and M. Visscher. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 31-34. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Pollution control, Oil spills, *Costs, Economic effects, Models,
*Polluter response
"Using data from the U.S. Coast Guard's Pollution Incident Reporting
System (PIRS) and the Port Safety and Security/Marine Environmental
Protection Quarterly Activities Report, this paper examines a model
describing the behavior of polluters in response to pollution control
costs and, in so doing, stresses the potential economic impact.
Implications for public policy also are presented."
110
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C-0735-77
EVALUATION OF SELECTED SURFACE TREATMENT AGENTS FOR THE PROTECTION
OF SHORELINES FROM OIL SPILLS
Foget, C. R. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 237-241. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Environmental protection,
Shorelines, Marshes
The objectives of current research on chemical and natural agents
used to protect shoreline or marsh areas from oil contamination
are evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. Evaluation
includes the environmental effects of the agents, the effects of
climate on agent use, longevity of the agents, and ease of agent
application.
C-0736-77
PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION
Frank, R. A. 1976.
Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 6:73-91.
Environmental protection, Ships, Tankers, Inland, Offshore
production, Monitoring
Six issues are discussed regarding protection of the marine
environment from pollution in the context of the Third UN
Conference on the Law of the Sea. Vessel source pollution,
land based pollutant sources, pollution from offshore resource-
related activities, and environmental monitoring and assessment
are among the topics considered.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2)^76-00973. 1977]
C-0737-77
SINKING OF TANKER ST. PETER OFF COLOMBIA
Hayes, T. M. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 289-291. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Tankers, Environmental protection, Colombia, IMCO
The tanker, "St. Peter", sank in 1,000 m of water off Cape
Manglares, Colombia. The Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO) provided technical advice to the Colombian
and Ecuadorian governments regarding countermeasures against
pollution. The lack of available equipment to locate the
sunken vessel, the logistics involved in operations to reduce
environmental damage, and the need for a response organization
are discussed.
Ill
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C-0738-77
U.S. NAVY R & D EFFORTS IN SUPPORT OF OIL POLLUTION ABATEMENT
STRATEGIES
Hura, M. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 61-63. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Pollution prevention, Oil discharges, Ships, Waste oil treatment,
Cleanup, Monitoring, USN
The basic strategy of the Navy's Oil Pollution Abatement program
has been to institute measures that will reduce the amount of
oil discharged from ships into the environment wherever possible
before implementing oily waste treatment techniques. Navy
laboratories have been instrumental in developing techniques
and hardware to combat oil pollution. Contributions include
shipboard oil/water separators, real-time oil-in-water monitors,
and effluent oil spill containment and cleanup equipment.
C-0739-77
REPORT OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION FROM
SHIPS HELD IN ACAPULCO, MEXICO 22-31 MARCH 1976
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization. 1976.
USCG-WEP-1-77, 1437p.
International conventions, Oil spills, Ships, Oil-water separation,
Contingency planning, Pollution prevention, IMCO
Discussed at this symposium were: oil-water separators, oil
monitoring equipment, contingency planning, and control and
detection methods for dealing with oil spills.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(1):#AD-A031 581/2GA.
1977]
C-0740-77
ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR DETECTING LEAKAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Kishikawa, H., T. Adachi, and T. Usami. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,970,863
Leakage, Detection, Petroleum products, Patent
"Coating a laminate or film of petroleum product-swellable
butadiene-styrene block copolymer with mixtures containing Ag or
Al or coating polystyrene cords with mixtures containing styrene
block copolymer and Ag gave materials useful for detection of
petroleum leaks."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#17841y. 1977]
112
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C-0741-77
THE EPA INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION R AND D PROGRAM. PETROLEUM REFINING
AND ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRIES
Lacy, W. J., P. E. Des Rosiers, L. H. Myers, H. Leon, and T. E.
Short. 1975.
Preprint, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, American Chemical
Society 20(1):274-286.
Pollution control, Oil industry, Refineries, EPA
A review is presented of the Environmental Protection Agency
pollution control research and development projects implemented
by the petroleum industry.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86{4):#21334c. 1977]
C-0742-77
FAST SURFACE DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR POLLUTION RESPONSE EQUIPMENT
Larrabee, R. M., and R. Ward. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 417-421. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Pollution control, Cleanup, Design and engineering,
USCG, *Equipment delivery system
Performance requirements and design specifications of the U.S.
Coast Guard's Fast Service Delivery System are given. Test
results show this system to be an efficient means to deliver
pollution control equipment to the scene of a high seas oil
spill.
C-0743-77
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO BLOWOUT PREVENTERS
Lerouax, R. K. 1976.
British Patent 1,457,562
Blowout prevention, Drilling, Design and engineering, Patent
A blowout preventer adapted to seal with the drill stem in a well
bore or to close the bore in the absence of the drill stem consists
of the following: 1) a resilient sealing member with an inner
surface adapted to engage the drill stem, 2) a rigid retaining
plate mounted with the sealing member, 3) means for urging the
sealing member radially inward relative to the inner surface of
the retaining - plate for sealing with the drill stem or with
itself so as to close the bore, and 4) anti-extrusion means.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#229,038. 1977]
113
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C-0744-77
A BAD DAY AT BUNKER POINT
Marcus, E. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 139-140. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Personnel training, Pollution control, Contingency
planning
The four-phase program by Gulf Trading and Transportation Company
(GT&T) to improve existing oil spill policies and procedures is
reviewed. The program includes terminal inspection, contingency
planning, response teams, and mock spill exercises.
C-0745-77
HACKENSACK ESTUARY OIL SPILL: CUTTING OIL-SOAKED MARSH GRASS AS
AN INNOVATIVE DAMAGE CONTROL TECHNIQUE
Mattson, C. P., N. C. Vallario, D. J. Smith, S. Anisfield, and
G. Potera. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 243-246. (American Petroleum
Institute No 4284)
Oil spills, Pollution control, Estuaries, Marshes, Movement,
*Grass-cutting, *Hackensack estuary
Grass cutting technology for the control of oil pollution in the
Hackensack estuary and marshland is analyzed and oil slick
movement predictions are given.
C-0746-77
PREVENTING OIL SPILLS IN THE WEST COAST FOREST INDUSTRY
Melville, L., and P. Hamm. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 57-59. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Cleanup, Waste oil disposal,
*Forest industry
The approach of MacMillan Bloedel, Canada's largest forest products
company, to oil spill prevention and cleanup is discussed. The
company's enlightened program of establishing control measures,
training personnel, and contingency planning has resulted in a
significant reduction in the number and magnitude of oil spills
during operations.
114
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C-0747-77
PROCESS FOR SEALING PIPE CONNECTIONS
Press (William) & Son Ltd. 1974.
Belgian Patent 815,458
Leakage, Pipelines, Pollution prevention, Patent *Sealing material
A thick annular ring of sealing material is made by introducing
castable and hardening sealing agent in a mold which is mounted
on the leaky pipe. The mold is dismantled, leaving the sealant
completely surrounding the leaky junction.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(8):#230,615. 1977]
C-0748-77
LUBRICATING OIL CAUSING LESS POLLUTION PROBLEM
Shimuzu, I. H. Kurita, Y. Beppu, and M. Shibata. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 83,606
Pollution control, Lubricating oil, Patent
"Lubricating oils are prepared by mixing base oils containing
hydrocarbon oils and optionally olefin polymers with various
additives such as anti-oxidants, oiliness improvers, demulsifying
agents, corrosion inhibitors, defoaming agents, and viscosity
index improvers."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#163148y. 1976]
C-0749-77
LUBRICATING OIL CAUSING LESS POLLUTION PROBLEM
Shimuzu, I., K. Okada, and M. Shibata. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 83,607
Pollution prevention, Lubricating oil, Patent
"Lubricating oils are prepared by mixing base oils containing
highly refined hydrocarbon oils with olefin polymers, and
optionally 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, fatty acids, and/or
fatty acid esters."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):#163147x. 1976]
115
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C-0750-77
PROCESS FOR DETECTING LEAKS FROM A TANK AND APPARATUS FOR ITS
APPLICATION
Siozade, J. E., and D. 6. P. Bouvier. 1975.
French Patent 2,270,574
Leakage, Oil tanks, Detection, Design and engineering, Patent
"The tank is subjected to a first hydraulic pressure and the
variation of liquid level in a sight glass is measured for a
time interval, T; then the tank is subjected to a second hydraulic
test pressure and time interval. The difference in liquid levels
represents the rate of leakage."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(2):#228,832. 1977]
C-0751-77
ARCTIC OFFSHORE OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES WITH EMPHASIS ON AN
OIL AND GAS BLOWOUT IN THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
Thornton, D. E., S. L. Ross, W. J. Logan, and C. W. Ross. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 313-319. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Blowout prevention, Offshore drilling, Ice, Dispersants,
Containment, Incineration
A summary is presented by Environment Canada of arctic offshore
oil spill counter-measures projects to assess the potential impact
of exploratory drilling for oil and to develop efficient methods
of combusting oil on ice. Discussed are ways to evaluate the fate
and effects of dispersants in cold sea water, develop dispersant
deployment methods, and contain oil from underwater blowouts. For
zones of moving ice, the best technique appears to be in-situ
burning on the ice surface during the summer.
C-0752-77
THE CONTROL OF OIL POLLUTION ON THE SEA AND INLAND WATER
Wardley-Smith, J. (ed.). 1976.
London, Graham & Trotman Ltd., 1976. 240p.
Pollution control, Oil spills, Oceans, Inland, Environmental
effects, Cleanup
This book explains the effect of oil spills on the marine
environment and describes the best methods of cleaning up such
pollution. The contents are divided into four main topics:
(1) Oil and its Effects; (2) Treatment of Oil on Water, (3)
Treatment of Oil on the Land,; (4) Organizational Aspects.
[from brochure, Graham & Trotman Ltd.]
116
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C-0753-77
UNDERWATER BLOWOUT OIL COLLECTION
Westergaard, R. H. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 293-295. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Blowout prevention, Containment, Offshore drilling, Oil spills,
North Sea
A feasibility study on underwater oil collection for control of
underwater blowouts is presented and equipment operation is
discussed. The possibility of a blowout in North Sea operations
due to difficulties in containment is also reviewed.
C-0754-77
NEW TEST FACILITIES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OIL POLLUTION IN
JAPAN
Yazaki, A. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 429-433. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Recovery, Pollution prevention, Japan, *Test facilities
Design specifications of new Japanese test facilities for conducting
research on developing and evaluating oil-fences and oil-recovery
equipment are given. These facilities include a circulating water
channel, a rectangular tank, and an oil-water purifier system.
117
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-0755-77
OILS SPILLS ARE NOT FOR THE BIRDS
Anon. 1977.
Science News 111(10):153.
Fuel oil, Birds, Biological effects, Monitoring, *Reproduction
Recent research by C. R. Grau, T. Roudybush, J. Dobbs, and J.
Wathen of the University of California, Davis, shows that even
tiny amounts of fuel oils can hinder reproduction in a variety
of birds. Petroleum oils in quantities too small to obviously
harm adult birds were found to result in thinned eggshells, less
yolk in eggs, and alterations of the yolk's chemical properties.
These changes may be useful in monitoring oil pollution of wild
birds.
C-0756-77
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE
LOBSTER, HOMARUS AMERICANUS, AND THE MUD SNAIL, NASSARIUS OBSOLETUS
Atema, J. 1976.
Estuarine Research Federation Meeting, Houston, 1975. No. CONF-
7510104-1. 23p.
Fuel oil, *Kerosene, Biological effects, Behavior, Crustaceans,
Mollusks, *Sublethal effects, *Lobster, *Mud snail
The behavior observed varied from feeding attraction to repulsion
and feeding inhibition when exposed to concentrations of No. 2
fuel oil and kerosene and its fractions. The author suggests that
specific hydrocarbon fractions in specific amounts are responsible
for distinct behavioral changes; the fractions are present in
variable amounts in different oils; and the behavioral changes
are general enough to similarly affect a large number of marine
invertebrates.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 1(9):#017440. 1976]
118
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C-0757-77
NONNUCLEAR EFFLUENTS: FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL AND OIL COMPOUNDS
ON MARINE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
Author unknown. 1976.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1975,
No. BNWL-2000 (Pt. 2). p. 118-126-
Hydrocarbons, Fate, Chronic effects, Contamination, Marine
organisms, Coasts, Analytical techniques
Based on information from short-term studies, three problem areas
have been identified: (1) a need to stabilize experimental treat-
ment to allow description of treatment and interpretation of
observed biological response; (2) a need to develop existing
analytical methods having high sensitivity for use as tools
complementary to bioassay; and (3) a need to demonstrate the
suitability of multi-species biological complexes as laboratory
test units.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 1(9):#17375. 1976]
C-0758-77
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILLS ON EASTERN COASTAL
PLAIN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Bender, M. E., E. A. Shearls, and R. P. Ayres. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 505-509. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Estuaries, Biological effects, Weathering, Plankton,
Fishes, Benthos, Atlantic coast
The objective of this research is to determine the ecological
effects of weathered and unweathered South Louisiana crude oil
spilled into eastern coastal plain estuaries. This paper deals
with biotic responses excluding bacteria. Overall, the artificially
weathered oil was shown to have as great an ecological impact on
the communities as the fresh crude. Phytoplankton and fish
populations all showed greater declines following the spills in
the weathered oil systems. Marsh grass production and benthic
populations declined after both oil spills.
119
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C-0759-77
EFFECTS OF SUNKEN OIL ON THE FEEDING OF PLAICE ON BROWN SHRIMPS
•AND OTHER BENTHOS
Blackman, R. A. A. 1974.
Copenhagen, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea,
Fisheries Improvement Committee, 1974. 7p.
Behavior, Fish, Contamination, Benthos, *Sunken oil, *0il-containing
prey, *Feeding
The effects of oil-containing prey and oil from tank bottoms on
predation behavior of demersal fish were studied. The fish caught
shrimp that had ingested oil more easily because of the shrimp's
reduced specific gravity. It was found that food-seeking fish in
an oiled area will ingest oil as a potential food.
C-0760-77
EFFECTS OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL. NIGERIAN CRUDE OIL AND USED CRANKCASE
OIL ON THE METABOLISM OF BENTHIC ALGAL COMMUNITIES
Bott, T. L. , K. Rogenmuser, and P. Thome. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 373-393.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Toxicity, Fuel oil, Crude oil, Waste oil, Metabolism, Benthos,
Algae
In this study, exposure of benthic algal communities to the three
title oils was shown to depress the net community primary produc-
tivity; the degree of effect was dependent on the type and
concentration of the oil used. No. 2 fuel oil had the most
toxic effects on community function.
C-0761-77
SENSITIVITY OF LARVAL AND ADULT ALASKAN SHRIMP AND CRABS TO ACUTE
EXPOSURES OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION OF COOK INLET CRUDE OIL
Broderson, C. C., S. D. Rice, J. W. Short, T. A. Mecklenburg, and
J. F. Karinen. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 575-578. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Crude oil, Toxicity, Crustaceans, Alaska, *Water soluble fractions,
*Larval stages, *Shrimp, *Crabs
Tests using 96-hour static bioassays at water temperatures normally
encountered by the organisms were conducted in the title study.
Larvae were found to be more sensitive to oil than adults, and
120
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the sensitivity of the larvae was dependent on species and develop-
ment stage. Greater vulnerability of larvae to oil exposure is
probably due to greater susceptibility to oil toxicity and predation,
Cold water species are particularly vulnerable because of the long
time spent as developing larvae.
C-0762-77
MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASES IN AN ESTUARINE FISH, FUNPULPS
HETEROCLITUS, AND THEIR INDUCTION AS A RESULT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTAMINATION
Burns, K. A. 1976.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 53(4b):443-446.
Hydrocarbons, Contamination, Fish, Estuaries, *Microsomal mixed
function oxidases, *Fundu1us heteroclitus
In vitro aldrin epoxidation rates were measured in £. heteroclitus
and compared to those seen in freshwater fish. "The oxidase(s)
are microsomal, require NADPH and were poisoned by carbon monoxide
(CO) indicating the involvement of a CO binding component." High
levels of liver microsomal preparations containing the CO binding
cytochrome P450 were induced "both by a drug in the laboratory and
by contamination of the aquatic environment by foreign hydrocarbons.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(7):#1676. 1976]
C-0763-77
EFFECTS OF A SEAWATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION OF COOK INLET CRUDE OIL AND
ITS MAJOR AROMATIC COMPONENTS ON LARVAL STAGES OF THE DUNGENESS
CRAB, CANCER MAGISTER DANA
Caldwell, R. S., E. M. Caldarone, and M. H. Mallon. 1977.
Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Ecosystems
and Organisms, Seattle, November, 1976.
Crude oil, Toxicity, Crustaceans, *Water-soluble fractions,
*Cancer magister Dana
Larval stages of C^. maqister Dana were exposed continuously to
dilutions of Cook Inlet crude oil water-soluble fraction (WSF)
or seawater solutions of naphthalene or benzene for periods up
to 60 days. Effects on survival, duration of larval development,
and size were used as indicators of toxicity. The lowest concen-
tration of WSF at which toxic effects were seen was 4.0% of the
full strength WSF (0.0049 mg/1 as naphthalene or 0.22 mg/1 as total
dissolved aromatics). The lowest concentrations at which toxic
effects were observed with naphthalene and with benzene were 0.13
mg/1 and 1.1 mg/1, respectively. Concentrations of aromatic
hydrocarbons in the WSF were inversely related to the degree of
alkylation in the benzene and naphthalene families, but acute
toxicity was directly related to the degree of alkyl substitution.
121
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C-0764-77
THEORY OF THE SOURCE AND ACCUMULATION OF 3,4-BENZOPYRENE IN THE
FOOD CHAIN
Capone, W., M. Cottiglia, C. Mascia, and M. L. T. Masala. 1976.
Inquinamento 18(7-8):35-40.
Aromatic hydrocarbons,Wastewaters, Refineries, Contamination,
Mollusks, Food web, *Food chain accumulation, *3,4-benzopyrene
Mussels growing near the waste discharge pipes of a petroleum
refinery were collected and examined for 3,4-benzopyrene levels.
Those collected 150 m from the discharge pipes were exceptionally
small and contained 7.5 pg/kg; those 1000 m distance were of
normal size but contained 1342.5 yg/kg. Results of experiments
in which contaminated mussels were fed to mullet, and in turn
contaminated mullet and mussels were fed to rats and their
offsprings are described.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(5):#28546g. 1977]
C-0765-77
THE EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL EXPOSURE ON ENZYMES IN THE SHRIMP
HEPATOPANCREAS
Chambers, J. E., J. D. Yarbrough, and J. R. Heitz. 1975.
Association of Southeastern Biologists 22(2):45. Abstract.
Crude oil, Emulsions, Biological effects, Crustaceans, *Shrimp,
*Enzyme activities
The effects of a one day in vivo exposure to 10 ppm emulsified
crude oil on enzyme activity in the shrimp Penaeus sp. were
investigated. An American and a Saudi Arabian crude oil were
used for comparison, and the latter was found to significantly
change enzyme levels in the shrimp, whereas the former caused
little if any changes in activity.
C-0766-77
THE FIVE-YEAR RECRUITMENT OF MARINE LIFE AFTER THE 1971 SAN
FRANCISCO OIL SPILL
Chan, G. L. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 543-545. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Biological effects, Restoration, Marine organisms,
San Francisco Bay
Five-year observations of marine live recruitment following the
spill indicate that population densities of some marine species
have significantly increased in the San Francisco Bay area inter-
tidal zones at Sausalito and Duxbury Reef. No evidence has been
found of lasting detrimental effects of Bunker C oil on the marine
populations within the transect sites.
122
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C-0767-77
OIL POLLUTION AND TROPICAL LITTORAL COMMUNITIES: BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF THE 1975 FLORIDA KEYS OIL SPILL
Chan, E. I. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 539-542. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Biological effects, Tropical regions, Marine organisms,
Intertidal zone, Marshes, Coral reefs, Florida coast
This study reports biological effects of the 1975 oil spill in
the Florida keys for a one-year period. The effects are discussed
by habitat, beginning with the rocky intertidal zone, in which the
short-term effects were greatest, and followed by mangrove fringe,
grass flats, sandy intertidal, mangrove swamp-Batis marsh, and the
coral reef community.
C-0768-77
THE BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF OIL POLLUTION
Clark, R. C., Jr. 1974.
Oil on Northern Puget Sound. W. H. Gray and J. Everitt (eds.).
Pullman, Washington, Washington State University, 1974. Proceedings
of a Seminar, Mount Vernon, Washington.
Contamination, Biological effects, Puget Sound
Summary not available.
[from Northwest Fisheries Center Monthly Report. February, 1975]
C-0769-77
THE EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM REFINERY LIQUID WASTES ON AQUATIC LIFE,
WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE CANADIAN ENVIRONMENT
C6te, R. P. 1976.
Ottawa, National Research Council of Canada, Associate Committee
on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality, 1976. 77p.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Toxicity, Fish, *Aquatic life, Canada
In Canada, there are specific petroleum refineries whose effluents
are highly toxic to fish; however, the majority of refinery
effluents tend to be moderately or not acutely lethal. In many
cases, petroleum refineries do not contribute large volumes of
waste waters to the environment, and there is a continuing trend
towards a reduction in effluent volume.
[from Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(12):240. 1976]
123
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C-0770-77
THE EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON AQUATIC BIRDS
Dieter, M. P. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environ-
ment. American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 437-
446. Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Hydrocarbons, Birds, Chemical analysis, Biological effects,
Metabolism, Food web, *Eggs
Confirmation and characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons
present in eggs and avian tissues are being conducted by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. Ongoing and planned
research projects are outlined which measure the biological effects
and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to incubating eggs and
adult birds (mallard ducks). Food chain studies with invertebrates
and mallards are also being conducted to assess possible effects of
indirect petroleum pollution on aquatic birds.
C-0771-77
DISTRIBUTION OF NAPHTHALENES WITHIN EXPOSED FUNDULUS SIMILUS AND
CORRELATIONS WITH STRESS BEHAVIOR
Dixit, D., and J. W. Anderson. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 633-636. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Fish, *Naphthalenes, Distribution, Uptake, Release, *Stress
behavior, *Fundulus simil us
The fish Fundulus similus was exposed to doses of naphthalenes and
the distribution of these compounds within the organs and tissues
was monitored with time. Uptake and release was relatively rapid;
accumulation and retention of naphthalenes in the brain were
higher than anticipated. Stress-produced behavioral abnormalities
in this fish may correspond to the content of naphthalenes in the
brain and other parts of the nervous system.
C-0772-77
TOMANO OIL SPILL IN CASCO BAY: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND CLEANUP
OPERATIONS
Environmental Protection Agency. 1975.
Washington, D.C., Environmental Protection Agency, 1975. Division
of Oil and Special Materials Control, EPA/430/9-75/018. 284p.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Contamination, Marine organisms,
Sediments, Containment, Cleanup, Maine, *Tomano oil spill
The effects of No. 6 oil on marine communities of Casco Bay, Maine,
were determined and the effectiveness of containment and cleanup
124
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operations was assessed. Sediments and biota from intertidal areas
were analyzed for No. 6 oil by gas chromatography; contamination to
some degree was found at all stations.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(26):#PB-257 950/6GA.
1976]
C-0773-77
THE SEDIMENT ENVIRONMENT OF PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA: THE EFFECT OF
OIL ON THIS ECOSYSTEM
Feder, H. M., L. M. Cheek, P. Flanagan, S. C. Jewett, M. H.
Johnston, A. S. Naidu, S. A. Norrell, A. J. Paul, A. Scarborough,
and D. Shaw. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/3-76-086; Contract R800944-02-0. 348p.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Sediments, Marine organisms,
Ecosystems, Alaska
In the title investigation, physical, geological, geochemical,
hydrocarbon, and biological features were examined. Bacterial
populations were unaffected by single applications of up to 2000
ppm of Prudhoe Bay crude oil or chronic exposures. Three species
of copepods exposed to oil in the field significantly increased
in density in experimentally oiled plots. In studies of oil
uptake and release in intertidal sediments and in the clam,
Macoma balthica, petroleum was not detectable two months after
application to sediments. A significant increase in mortality
was noted for M_. balthica exposed to oil. It is suggested that
this widely distributed clam may be a valuable indicator for oil.
C-0774-77
UPTAKE AND RETENTION OF KUWAIT CRUDE OIL AND ITS EFFECTS ON OXYGEN
UPTAKE BY THE SOFT-SHELL CLAM, MYA ARENARIA
Fong, W. C. 1976.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(12):2774-2780.
Crude oil, Metabolism, Mollusks, *Clams, *Mya arenaria
The gills of Mya arenaria are capable of removing finely dispersed
oil globules from sea water and accumulating the oil in their
tissues. This incorporation is directly related to the lipid
content of the tissues. Respiration rates significantly increased
in small clams after three weeks exposure to oily sea water.
125
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C-0775-77
THE EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL ON LARVAE OF LOBSTER HOMARUS AMERICANUS
Forns, J. M. 1977. ~
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 569-573. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Crude oil, Biological effects, Crustaceans, *Lobster, *Homarus
ameri canus
Lobsters were exposed to South Louisiana crude oil in flow through
systems at concentrations of 0.1 ppm and 1.0 ppm. The study
demonstrates reduced survival of developing larval lobsters in
the presence of 1.0 ppm unweathered crude oil in seawater.
Another less direct effect of oil exposure is the increased
vulnerability, of affected larvae to predation due to resulting
changes in coloration.
C-0776-77
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL CRUDE OIL SPILLS
ON LOW ARCTIC TUNDRA IN THE VICINITY OF TUKTOYAKTUK, N.W.T.,
CANADA
Freedman, W., and T. C. Hutchinson. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Botany 54(19):2219-2230.
Crude oil, Vegetation, Biological effects, Oil spills, Arctic,
Canada
Spills of fresh, unweathered crude oil resulted in rapid damage
to, and subsequent death of all aboveground foliage coming in
contact with the oil. Most species were defoliated; mosses and
lichens were especially susceptible and killed. Within several
weeks of the summer oil spills, a limited number of vascular
plant species began to develop regrowth shoots. Summer spills
were markedly more damaging than equivalent spills released in
winter.
C-0777-77
CONSERVATION OF THE JACKASS PENGUIN (SPHENICUS DEMERSUS(L.))
Frost, P. G. H., W. R. Siegfried, and J. Cooper. 1976.
Biological Conservation 9:79-98.
Conservation, Birds, Restoration, South Africa, *Jackass penguin
The population of the jackass penguin, which is confined to the
coastal waters of southern Africa, has declined in numbers of
unknown magnitude since the early 1900's. This review relates
current research and conservation efforts to several factors,
including oil pollution, which are believed to affect the population
status of the species.
126
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C-0778-77
THE UPTAKE OF NAPHTHALENES BY THE CLAM RANGIA CUNEATA IN THE
VICINITY OF AN OIL SEPARATOR PLATFORM IN TRINITY BAY, TEXAS
Fucik, K. W., H. W. Armstrong, and J. M. Neff. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 637-640. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Hydrocarbons, Mollusks, Uptake, Release, Platforms, Sediments,
Texas, *Trinity Bay, *Naphthalenes, *Clam, *Rangia cuneata
In the title study, clams were sampled from under and near an oil
separation platform. Clams under the platform showed the greatest
uptake and accumulation of naphthalenes; those from 150 to 1000 m
from the platform showed little to no signs of uptake. Under
laboratory conditions, depuration of most of the accumulated
naphthalenes was achieved by the majority of clams within 47 days.
High levels of weathered hydrocarbons believed to come from
suspended sediments in Trinity Bay were found to be accumulated
by the clams.
C-0779-77
BEHAVIOR AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SEALS EXPOSED TO CRUDE OIL
Geraci, J. R., and T. G. Smith. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 447-462.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Crude oil, Marine mammals, Biological effects, Metabolism, *Seals
Ringed seals, Phoca hispida, and harp seals', Phoca groenlandica,
were experimentally exposed to light crude oil and the biological
effects were monitored. Healthy seals survived twenty-four hour
exposures with reversible damage to the eyes; stressed seals died
within two hours after exposure. Ingestion of quantities of oil
considered reasonable during an oil spill did not cause irreversible
damage. Evidence is presented which shows that the ultimate
damage from a spill depends on the season, productivity of the
area, and variable health status of a seal population.
127
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C-0780-77
FIELD STUDIES ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL TO SUBARCTIC
AQUATIC VEGETATION
Hanna, B. M., J. A. Hellebust, and T. C. Hutchinson. 1975.
Verhandlungen, Internationale Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und
Angewandte Limnologie 19(3):2165-2171.
Crude oil, Toxicity, Algae, Vegetation, Lakes, Subarctic regions
The effects of crude oil on a vegetative subarctic aquatic community
were determined in field experiments. Algae showed a reduction in
productivity greater than that of moss after introduction of crude
oil. Surface contamination of oil resulted in significant reduc-
tions of chlorophyll a and b concentrations in sedge and horsetails.
Ifrom Selected Water,Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11405. 1976]
C-0781-77
EFFECTS OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY OIL SPILL ON SALT MARSHES OF THE
LOWER BAY
Hershner, C., and K. Moore. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 529-533. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Biological effects, Marshes, Marine organisms, Mollusks,
Chesapeake Bay, *Marsh grass
A study was conducted to determine the biological impacts of the
February, 1976, Chesapeake Bay oil spill on the marshes of the
eastern shore of the Bay. Populations of intertidal mussels,
Modiolus demissus, and oysters, Crassostrea virginica, showed
no significant short-term effects. The population of the snail,
Littorina Irrorata, was significantly reduced but appears to
be recovering. The marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora, showed
increased net productivity, increased density, decreased mean
height, and increased flowering success.
128
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C-0782-77
OIL SPILL EFFECTS ON VEGETATION AND SOIL MICROFAUNA AT NORMAN
WELLS AND TUKTOYAKTUK, N.W.T.
Hutchinson, T. C., J. Hellebust, and M. Telford. 1974.
Environmental Social Committee, Northern Pipelines, Task Force
on Northern Oil Development, Report No. 74-14. Ill p.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Vegetation, Microorganisms,
Soil, Canada
Using experimental crude oil spills on the terrestrial vegetation,
effects of spilled oil, different seasons and burned/unburned
nature of the sites were examined. Reduction in species diversity,
vegetation cover and frequency were monitored. Bryophytes
suffered most, but most species were killed or defoliated. The
spills severely depleted numbers of soil arthropods even at low
concentrations. Little effect was observed on growth and
composition of phytoplankton or zooplankton; however, periphyton
algae and emergent vegetation were strongly inhibited.
[from Ecological Abstracts 1976(3):#76L/2067. 1976]
C-0783-77
A CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY SYSTEM FOR THE EXPOSURE OF MARINE
ORGANISMS TO OIL
Hyland, J. L., P. F. Rogerson, and G. R. Gardner. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 547-550. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Marine organisms, Contamination, Acute effects, Chronic effects,
Design and engineering, Continuous flow bioassay system
This report describes the design and operation of a continuous
flow-through bioassay system for exposing marine test organisms
and their life stages to oil. Short-term lethal and chronic
sublethal bioassay.s were conducted in the system and are
summarized. Biological effects observed have ranged from
lethal toxicity at oil concentrations of about 10 ppm to
sublethal behavioral modifications at about 10 ppb.
129
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C-0784-77
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MARINE ORGANISMS,
POPULATIONS, COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS
Hyland, J. L., and E. D. Schneider. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 463-506.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Petroleum products, Marine
organisms, Ecosystems
A review of 114 bioassay and other studies conducted on a wide
variety of marine organisms indicates lethal effects of soluble
aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in the 1 to 100 ppm range for
adult stages, and typically 0.1 to 1 ppm for the more sensitive
larval and juvenile stages. Certain ecologically or commercially
important species are adversely impacted in the very low part
per billion range. Large differences in sensitivity of various
populations and communities of organisms to hydrocarbon contami-
nation are pointed out, and areas in need of further study are
identified. Strict controls are suggested for oil-related
activities in certain shallow, highly productive continental
shelf regions, wetlands and estuaries.
C-0785-77
INFILTRATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS INTO WATER AND THEIR EFFECT
ON THE HYDROCHEMICAL REGIME AND PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY [in
Russian]
Juknevicius, L., K. Jankevicius. 1975.
Osnovy Bioproduktivnosti Vnutrennikh Vodoemov Pribaltiki,
Materialy Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Izucheniyu Vnutrennikh
Vodoemon Pribaltiki, 18th, 1975. p. 454-457.
Fuels, Petroleum products, Toxicity, Phytoplankton
The effects of diesel fuel, oil, and gas on Cyanophyta, Chryso-
phyta, Chlorophyta, and Xanthophyta were determined. In the
absence of other toxicants, the health of the phytoplankton
community can be used to determine the concentration of hydrocarbons
in water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(26):#197849t. 1976]
130
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C-0786-77
MICROBIAL RESPONSES AFTER TWO EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILLS IN AN
EASTERN COASTAL PLAIN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM
Kator, H., and R. Herwig. 1977.
1977 Oil Spil.l Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 517-522. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Estuaries, Distribution, Microorganisms, Bacteria
Large volumes of unweathered and weathered crude oil were intro-
duced into a Spartina salt marsh enclosed by transite structures
allowing tidal exchange in order to evaluate the effects of
crude oil spillage on microbial populations. Within several
days after the spill, the levels of petroleum-degrading bacteria
rose by several orders of magnitude for a period of one year.
Mean levels of chitinolytic, cellulytic, heterotrophic bacteria
and fungi were not statistically different in the oil and
control enclosures.
C-0787-77
STUDIES ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ANKISTRQDESMUS SPECIES TO
CRUDE OIL COMPONENTS
Kauss, P. B., and T. C. Hutchinson. 1975.
Verhandlungen, Internationale Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und
Angewandte Limnologie 19(3):2155-2164.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Algae, *Ankistrodesmus
The response of Ankistrodesmus species to crude oil water soluble
compounds was tested under laboratory conditions and the results
of growth bioassays were reported.
[from Applied Ecology Abstracts 2(11):#2D9871. 1976]
C-0788-77
EFFECTS OF BENZENE ON GROWTH, FAT CONTENT, AND CALORIC CONTENT
OF STRIPED BASS MORONE SAXATILIS
Korn, S., J. W. Struhsaker, and P. Benville, Jr. 1976.
Fishery Bulletin 74(3):694-698.
Biological effects, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Fishes, *Morone
saxatilis, *Benzene
Exposure of juvenile bass to increasing amounts of benzene
resulted in wet weight, dry weight and fat content losses. The
inhibitory effect of benzene on growth and fat content may have
resulted from impaired food localization. Dry weights of the
fish appeared to increase after 4 weeks of exposure, suggesting
some acclimatization.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(23):#172 405g. 1976]
131
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C-0789-77
PETROLEUM SULFUR CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
IN. THE MARINE MOLLUSKS MODIOLUS DEMISSUS AND CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA
Lake, J. L., and C. Hershner. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 627-632. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Mollusks, Uptake, Release,*Modiolus demissus,
*Crassostrea virginica, *Petro-sulfur compounds
The title organisms were oiled in situ with No. 2 fuel oil, and
their retention and release of hydrocarbons and petro-sulfur
compounds we re observed for a recovery period of four months.
Most petroleum compounds were released within 15 weeks. Both
mollusks showed an initial enrichment of aromatics relative to
saturated hydrocarbons, followed by a more rapid release of
aromatics. Mussels selectively retained some aromatics, oysters
nonselectively depurated the aromatics. The higher molecular
weight petro-sulfur compounds were retained for the longest
time periods, and depuration rates for these compounds were
similar to those of the aromatic hydrocarbons.
C-0790-77
THE TOXICITY OF A SIMULATED REFINERY EFFLUENT TO SOME FRESH
WATER ANIMALS
Lee, D. R., A. L. Buikema, Jr., and J. Cairns, Jr. 1975.
Association of Southeastern Biologists 22(2):63. Abstract .
Wastewaters, Refineries, Toxicity, Freshwater, Fish, Invertebrates,
*Lethal concentration
The relative sensitivity of 3 species of fish and 15 species of
invertebrates was tested using various concentrations of simulated
refinery effluent. After 24 hours the lethal concentration for
50 percent of the exposed organisms ranged from 0.10 for Daphnia
pulex to 9.2 for Physa sp. The usefulness of these animals in
testing the toxicity of refinery effluents was assessed.
132
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C-0791-77
CHRONIC EFFECT OF SMALL CONCENTRATIONS OF HYDROCARBONS ON SOME
NONSPECIFIC INDEXES OF THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ANIMALS
[in Russian]
Mamedov, A. M. 1975.
Materialy Nauchnoi Konferentsii Azgosmedinstituta, 1974
(pub. 1975). p. 176-178.
Hydrocarbons, Contamination, Animals, Chronic effects,
*Immunological response
The effects of constant and intermittent exposure of rabbits and
guinea pigs to about 1 ug/1 of petroleum hydrocarbons were studied.
The exposure resulted in changes which indicated a mobilization
of compensatory reactions to hydrocarbon poisoning and inhibition
of immunological response.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(5):#26666x. 1977]
C-0792-77
THE EFFECT OF OIL ON SEEDLINGS OF THE PIONEER MANGROVE, AVICENNIA
INTERMEDIA IN MALAYSIA
Mathias, J. A. [1976?]
International Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Some
Tropical Shallow Water Communities, 1976? p. 13. Abstract,
Fuel oil, Biological effects, Plants, Tropical regions, Malaysia,
*Pioneer mangrove, *Avicennia intermedia
Plants 15 cm in height and grown in plastic containers in a
plant house were subjected to a simulated oil spill. Four
concentrations of diesel oil in water were Used in experiments
continuing for 6 to 12 days. Differences between the 6-day and
12-day treatments were not substantial. Seedlings were killed
at concentrations of > 10,000 ppm. Normal growth was altered
qualitatively or quantitatively below that concentration. The
validity of field extrapolation is discussed.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00435. 1977]
133
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C-0793-77
THE EFFECTS OF PELAGIC HYDROCARBONS ON THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL
FLORA AND FAUNA OF BERMUDA
Maynard, N. G., C. D. Gebelein, and A. Zsolnay. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 499-503. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Tar, Intertidal zone, Marine organisms, Biological effects,
Hydrocarbons, Bermuda
Tar is deposited almost exclusively in the splash zone with the
maximum amount accumulating on gently sloping or flat shores.
Analyses show that the snails, Nodilittorina tuberculatus and
Tectarius muricatus, which live in the splash zone, have the
highest content of hydrocarbons of all animals examined.
Animals sampled from adjacent tide pool areas contained no
petrogenic hydrocarbons. The presence of tar on the rocks
does not appear to adversely affect reproductive potential,
size frequency or abundance of animals in the intertidal region
below the splash zone.
C-0794-77
THE IMPACT OF OIL ON MARINE LIFE: A SUMMARY OF FIELD STUDIES
Mertens, E. W. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 507-514.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Offshore drilling, Offshore production, Chronic effects, Crude
oil, Platforms, Marine organisms
The conclusions of sixteen field studies on the effects of chronic
low-level exposure of marine life to oil-related activity are
presented. The studies were conducted at Santa Barbara, Lake
Maracaibo, Venezuela, Bermuda, and offshore Louisiana. "No
measurable effects have been observed on such indicators of the
health of the local marine communities as population levels of
various organisms; species diversity; and size, growth rate, or
reproducibility of various organisms. Moreover, there is no
evidence of adverse effects such as abnormal growths and
biomagnification of petroleum fractions in the food chain."
134
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C-0795-77
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTED BY OIL ON AQUATIC ANIMALS: II. NT
PARAFFINS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND CRUDE OIL CONCENTRATION
ON TAINT IN SCALLOP (PECTEN YESSOENSIS)
Motohiro, T., and Z. Iseya. 1976.
Hokkaido Daigaku, Sapporo, Japan. Suisangakubu, Hakodate.
Hokkaido Daigaku, Suisangakubu Kenkyu Iho 26(4}:267-371.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Contamination, Mollusks,
*Scallops, *Pecten yessoensis
"Taints in scallop adductor muscle were examined organoleptically
to assess threshold concentrations of n-paraffins, aromatic
hydrocarbons, and crude oil." Neither n-tetradecane nor
n-hexadecane was found to cause the taint at 0.3 mg/g. Crude
oil, xylene, toluene, and mixtures of hydrocarbons caused taints
at 0.1-0.2 mg/g.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00275. 1977]
C-0796-77
ON THE TOXIC EFFECT OF MINERAL OIL AND PETROLEUM ON THE SELF-
PURIFICATION PROCESS IN WATERS [in German]
Muller, D., and H. Hellmann. 1976,
Gas Wasserfach, Wasser, Abwasser 117(8):369-373.
Toxicity, Petroleum products, Hydrocarbons
The disturbance of biological self-purification processes in
water by oil products and their soluble fractions was studied.
Effects vary according to chemical composition and time of
contact. The effects on specific organisms were experimentally
determined and compared with the literature.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7<5):#HMS 7778.
1976]
C-0797-77
EFFECTS OF THE MARCH 18, 1973 OIL SPILL NEAR CABO ROJO, PUERTO
RICO ON TROPICAL MARINE COMMUNITIES
Nadeau, R. J., and E. T. Bergquist. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 535-538. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Biological effects, Contamination, Marine organisms,
Tropical regions, Coasts, Puerto Rico, *Mangroves, *Turtle grass
The biological impact on coastal communities of the 1973 oil spill
of the Greek tanker, "Zoe Colocotronic" into southern Puerto Rico
waters is documented. Extensive contamination of the mangroves, beach
shoreline, and sublittoral Thalassia beds was found. Analysis of
sediments in this area indicates that significant levels of
petroleum hydrocarbon residues were present as of January, 1976.
135
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C-0798-77
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON SURVIVAL, RESPIRATION AND GROWTH OF
MARINE ANIMALS
Neff, J. M., J. W. Anderson , B. A. Cox, R. B. Laugh!in, Jr.,
S. S. Rossi, and H. E. Tatem. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 516-539.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Toxicity, Petroleum products, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Marine
organisms, *Sublethal effects, *Respiration, *Growth
Tremendous variations in the toxicity of petroleum products to
marine organisms are noted; the generally greater toxicity of
refined products correlates directly with their contents of
aromatic hydrocarbons, especially phenanthrenes. Significant
variations in the sensitivity of marine organisms are pointed
out: oceanic species are usually more sensitive than estuarine
and benthic species, and larvae and juveniles of a species are
often more sensitive than adults. Variable sublethal effects
of oil on respiration and growth of different organisms are
compared; in most cases, adverse effects are reversible when the
animal is returned to clean water.
C-0799-77
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM-DERIVED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
BY FOUR SPECIES OF MARINE ANIMALS
Neff, J. M., B. A. Cox, D. Dixit, and J. W. Anderson. 1976.
Marine Biology 38(3):279-289.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Seawater, Marine organisms, Uptake,
Release
Marine animals exposed to oil-contaminated seawater accumulate
and retain the aromatic hydrocarbons to a greater extent than
the alkanes. Accumulation of aromatic hydrocarbons appears to
be a passive process dependent on a partitioning of the hydro-
carbons between the exposure water and the tissue lipids.
136
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C-0800-77
EFFECT OF DIESEL OIL ON STREAM LIFE
Patterson, R. R. 1976.
Final report, Statewide Fisheries Investigations. Federal Aid
Project F-22-R-17. Job No. B-2. 14p.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Biological effects, Restoration, Streams,
Invertebrates, Fish, New Mexico
Results of three years of sampling the Cimarron River after an
oil spill decimated invertebrate and brown trout, Salmo trutta,
populations in 19.3km (12 miles) of river indicated that
invertebrate populations had essentially recovered to prespill
levels in one year. The brown trout population increased to
about 54% of prespill number in three years.
C-0801-77
METABOLISM OF BENZO(A)PYRENE AND OTHER XENOBIOTICS BY MICROSOMAL
MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASES IN MARINE SPECIES
Philpot, R. M., M. 0. James, and J. R. Bend. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Insitute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 184-199.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 1976.
Hydrocarbons, PAH, Metabolism, Marine organisms, *Benzo(a)pyrene,
*Microsomal mixed-function oxidases
Marine organisms are exposed to a wide variety of hydrocarbons
introduced into the marine environment by natural and manmade
sources. Many marine animals are able to metabolize petroleum
hydrocarbons, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, into
excretable or activated products. This paper discusses the
results of studies on the activity, inducibility, and tissue
distribution of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity of
selected- marine species using benzo(a)pyrene and other substrates.
C-0802-77
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE DEPOSIT FEEDING POLYCHAETE ARENICOLA
MARINA AND OILED SEDIMENT
Prouse, N. J., and D. C. Gordon, Jr. 1976.
Sources, Effects, & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 407-422.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Contamination, Sediments, Fuel oil, Biological effects,
Polychaetes, Metabolism, *Feeding activity, *Arenicola marina
Concentrations of oil in water and sediment can force the worm
Arenicola marina to surface or stop feeding activity. Lower
137
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concentrations reduce the rate of cast production and apparently
feeding. The bioturbation and ingestion of oil by the worm can
be an important factor in the weathering of oil in sediments,
especially those of the lower intertidal zone.
C-0803-77
TOXICITY OF COOK INLET CRUDE OIL AND NO. 2 FUEL OIL TO SEVERAL
ALASKAN MARINE FISHES AND INVERTEBRATES
Rice S. D., J. W. Short, and J. F. Karinen. 1976.
Sources, Effects, & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 394-406.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Crude oil, Fuel oil, Toxicity, Marine organisms, Alaska, Fish,
Invertebrates, Intertidal zone
Median tolerance levels of 27 different marine Alaskan inverte-
brate and vertebrate species to water soluble fractions of crude
oil and No. 2 fuel oil were determined using a 96-hour static
bioassay method. The two oils were equally toxic, fish were
consistently among the most sensitive species, and intertidal
invertebrates were consistently among the most resistant species.
Alaskan marine species appear to be slightly more sensitive than
those of temperate regions; this difference in sensitivity may
be due to the greater .persistence of toxic hydrocarbons at the
lower temperatures.
C-0804-77
BIOAVAILABILITY OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND DETRITUS TO THE MARINE ANNELID, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
Rossi, S. S. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 621-626. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Hydrocarbons, Uptake, Metabolism, Release, Polychaetes, Sediments,
Seawater, *Neanthes arenaceodentata
Seawater solutions and sediments artificially contaminated with
radio-labeled naphthalenes and No. 2 fuel oil water-soluble
fractions were used to examine the uptake, retention, metabolism
and depuration of diaromatic hydrocarbons by polychaete worms.
This paper summarizes the analytical procedures and discusses
the results. The worms rapidly accumulated, metabolized, and
slowly released hydrocarbons in solution. However, petroleum
hydrocarbons adsorbed to sediment particles or particulate
organic matter were found to be less available to the worms for
accumulation.
138
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O0805-77
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND THE POLYCHAETOUS
ANNELID, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA: EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND
REPRODUCTION; FATE OF DIAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ACCUMULATED FROM
SOLUTION OR SEDIMENTS
Rossi, S. S. 1976.
Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M University. 106p.
Hydrocarbons, Fuel oil, Polychaetes, Biological effects, Uptake,
Metabolism, *Neanthes arenaceodentata
The effects of water soluble fractions (WSFs) from No. 2 fuel
oil on growth and reproduction of Neanthes arenaceodentata were
studied. Uptake, retention, and metabolism of diaromatic
hydrocarbons by this polychaete were examined.
[from Dissertation Abstracts International B 37(3):1142B-1143B.
1976]
C-0806-77
FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM FOR CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
TO SEAWATER-SOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS FROM CRUDE OIL: CONSTRUCTION
AND APPLICATIONS
Roubal, W. T., D. H. Bovee, T. K. Collier, and S. I. Stranahan.
1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 551-555. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Marine organisms, Hydrocarbons, Crude oil, Chronic effects, Fish,
Design and engineering, *Flow-through system
A flow-through system for use with crude oil has been devised
which can be easily maintained and adjusted and can be used
when large amounts of oil residues accumulate in the equipment.
The system was tested by exposing young coho salmon (0_. kisutch)
to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil in seawater at 10°C
for five weeks. Analyses of muscle tissue revealed that such
hydrocarbons are readily sequestered in the fish tissue.
C-0807-77
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF IRRADIATED VS.
NON-IRRADIATED WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF #2 FUEL OIL
Scheier, A., and D. Gominger. 1976.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16(5):
595-603.
Toxicity, Fuel oil, Marine organisms, Estuaries, Delaware,
*Ultraviolet radiation
The toxic effects of the water soluble fraction of #2 fuel oil
on five aquatic species were measured in the Delaware Estuary
and in a laboratory using ultraviolet light. Irradiated oil
exhibited more toxic properties than non-irradiated oil.
139
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C-0808-77
RESPONSES OF THE CLAM MACOMA BALTHICA TO PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL
Shaw, D. G., A. J. Paul, and E. R. Smith. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 493-494. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Crude oil, Biological effects, Mollusks, Sediments, Behavior,
Chemical analysis, *Clam, *Macoma balthica
The title study was conducted under laboratory conditions
designed to simulate the stranding of oil on intertidal sediments
in which M. balthica resides. The relationship of dry tissue
weight to shell length was not significantly altered by exposure
to oil at a level which did result in significant mortalities.
Findings suggest that oil-induced death in M. balthica is caused
by a metabolically specific mode of poisoning rather than by a
general weakening of the animal. In an experiment where animals
were subjected to two separated oil events, cumulative effects
were not observed in mortalities or in gas chromatographic
analysis of tissues for hydrocarbons.
C-0809-77
THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CRUDE OIL AND NAPHTHALENE ON
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF A FRESHWATER GREEN ALGA
Soto, C., J. A. Hellebust, and T. C. Hutchinson. 1975.
Verhandlungen, Internationale Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und
Angewandte Limnologie 19(3);2145-2154.
Crude oil, *Naphthalene, Toxicity, Freshwater, Algae, Metabolism,
*Chlamydomonas angulosa
The effects of aqueous crude oil extracts and naphthalene on the
green alga, Chlamydomonas angulosa, were investigated.
Growth inhibition, photosynthetic capacity, physiological responses,
and morphological changes were monitored; results showed naphthalene
to be more harmful than crude oil.
[from Applied Ecology Abstracts 2(10):#208824. 1976]
140
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C-0810-77
ASPECTS OF THE METABOLISM OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON INTER-
MEDIARY METABOLISM AND XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM IN MARINE FISH
Stegeman, J. J., and D. J. Sabo. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 423-436.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Contamination, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Fishes, Biological
effects
In the title study, metabolic function in tissues of fish
exposed to low levels of petroleum contamination is described.
Petroleum hydrocarbons resulted in altered patterns of lipid
metabolism characterized by a net decline in lipogenesis in
the hepatic, gill, muscle, and brain tissues. Some evidence
suggests that induction of mixed-function oxidases occurs in
fish environmentally contaminated by petroleum.
C-0811-77
THE SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF NATURAL CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PETROLEUM
ON MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Straughan, D. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 563-568. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Crude oil, Natural seepage, Chronic effects, Marine organisms,
Mollusks, Santa Barbara Channel
The title study was conducted over a two-year period using Coal
Oil Point as the area of natural chronic exposure of petroleum,
and series of other sites in Southern California as control sites.
Data obtained from studies of abalone and mussels in these areas
indicate that'marine invertebrates can live and breed in areas
of chronic exposure to petroleum higher than that recorded in oil
producing areas in the Santa Barbara Channel.
141
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C-0812-77
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL IN THE UPPER INTERTIDAL ZONE
Straughan, D. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/2-76/127. 64p.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Intertidal zone, Crustaceans,
*Barnacles, *Chthamalus fissus
Laboratory and field tests were conducted to determine the effects
of heavy black asphaltic Santa Barbara crude oil on the intertidal
barnacle, Chthamalus fissus. This type of oil acts as a black
body and has had a long term influence on £. fissus distribution
after the oil has developed a hard surface crust.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(22):#PB-255 956/5GA. 1976]
C-0813-77
WHAT HAVE WE FOUND AT THE SEVENTY-FIRST PARALLEL AND WHERE DO WE
60 FROM THERE
Underwood, D., and A. Callahan. 1976.
Naval Research Reviews 29(5):18-34.
Oil spills, Arctic, Plants, Animals, USN
The impact of oil spills on arctic plant and animal life is being
investigated by the U.S. Navy's NARL research program. The
facilities at NARL field stations and the Animal Research Facility
are described.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(6):|76-05459. 1976]
C-0814-77
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON MARINE INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES
Vanderhorst, J. R., C. I. Gibson, L. J. Moore, and P. Wilkinson.
1975.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1974, BNWL-1950,
Pt. 2. p. 110.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Marine organisms, Intertidal zone
Petroleum effects on marine intertidal communities were studied
by 1) treating artificial substrates with Prudhoe Bay crude oil
and determining the influence of treatment to subsequent settling
and growth of marine intertidal communities in situ, 2) determining
the feasibility of delivering the soluble phase of crude petroleum
to laboratory, held communities; and 3) exposing coonstripe shrimp
(Panda!us danae) in acute bioassays and determining mortality and
oil in water concentrations as a function of mixing.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p. 130]
142
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C-0815-77
EFFECTS OF A CONTINUOUS LOW-LEVEL NO. 2 FUEL DISPERSION ON LABORATORY-
HELD INTERTIDAL COLONIES
Vanderhorst, J. R., R. M. Bean, L. J. Moore, P. Wilkinson, C. I.
Gibson, and J. W. Blaylock. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 557-561. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Fuel oil, Dispersions, Marine organisms, Intertidal zone, Biological
effects, Chemical analysis, *Species diversity
In the title study, initial colonies of approximately 83 species of
marine intertidal plants and animals were continuously exposed for
six months to 0.1 and 0.6 mg/1 of No. 2 fuel oil dispersions.
Hydrocarbon monitoring and analyses were performed by IR analysis
of CC14 extracts, supplemented by standard gas chromatography and
mass spectrometry methods. Species diversity and total number of
species were significantly lower in treated colonies; relative
abundance was not significantly affected. Hydrocarbon compositions
remained similar to the parent oil and selective enrichment of
aromatic hydrocarbons was not observed.
C-0816-77
OIL SPILLS: RISKS AND RELEVANCE (letter to the editor)
Williams, L. G. 1977.
Science 195(4279):636.
Oil spills, Tankers, Toxicity, Marine organisms, *Nannoplankters
This letter takes issue with a recent editorial article [Science
195(4274):137] entitled "Oil Spills" in which the editor concludes
that catastrophe from oil spills has little basis in fact. The
writer has studied the effects of World War Il-related oil spills
and recent offshore activity to nannoplankters and finds that not
only the oil, but lipid-soluble metals released by weathering oil are
toxic to such organisms.
C-0817-77
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL EXPOSURE IN THE STRIPED MULLET,
MUGIL CEPHALUS
Yarbrough, J. D., J. R. Heitz, and J. E. Chambers. 1976.
Life Sciences 19(5):755-760.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Fish, Metabolism, Estuaries,
*Mullet
Juvenile mullet were exposed to Empire Mix crude oil for a three
week period in a simulated estuarine ecosystem. Compared to control
mullet, the oil exposure increased the liver weight to body weight
ratio, elevated the alkaline phosphatase activity in the gills and
muscles, and elevated the B-glucuronidase and the malic dehydrogenase
levels in muscles. The latter effect indicates changes in aerobic
143
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metabolism in response to the stress of crude oil exposure on
experimental mullet.
2. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-0818-77
SHELL SAYS "SOCIETY MUST PAY"
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(l):4-5.
Oil spills, Economic effects, Toxicity, Pollution control,
*Shell Oil Co.
Shell's stand on pollution control costs is presented and current
research on the toxicity, control, and dispersal of oil spills
is discussed.
C-0819-77
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT. I. BENZO(a)PYRENE
IN ECONOMICALLY-IMPORTANT BIVALVE MOLLUSCS FROM OREGON ESTUARIES
Mix, M. C., R. T. Riley, K. I. King, S. R. Trenholm, and R. L.
Schaffer, 1977.
Symposium on Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine
Ecosystems and Organisms, Seattle, 1976.
PAH, Carcinogens, Mollusks, Estuaries, Oregon, Economic effects,
*Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) levels were determined in economically-
important indigenous shellfish populations from several sites in
five Oregon bays. Detectable levels of BAP were present in bi-
valves from 43 of the 44 sampling sites. High levels (> 15 ng/g)
were present in mussels collected from the Newport bay front in
Yaquima Bay and from a marina in Tillamook Bay. Significant
levels (> 5 ng/g) were present in Mya arenaria collected along
the shipping docks in Coos Bay.
C-0820-77
ESTIMATES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DAMAGES OF AN OIL SPILL
Rosenblum, I., and A. Jernelov. 1975.
IVL (Institutet for Vatten-och Luftvardsforskning)
Publication No. B 264. 23 p.
Oil spills, Social effects, Economic effects, Fisheries,
Caribbean Sea, ^Guatemala
The impact of an oil spill in the Caribbean Sea off the
Guatemala coast in April, 1975, was evaluated as to the duration
of its effects and the economic losses involved. The bulk of
the damage consisted of financial losses to 43% of the population
in the communities due to the interruption of fishing activities
for an average of 15 days and reduced catch for 75 days after the
spill occurrence.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(24): #W76-12947. 1976]
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3. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-0821-77
OIL SPILLS (editorial)
Abelson, P. H. 1977.
Science 195(4274):137.
Oil spills, Tankers, Toxicity, Fate, Hydrocarbons, Argo Merchant
spill
The fate and effects of the Argo Merchant oil spill are shown not
to be ecologically disastrous; physical and biological processes
which break down and detoxify hydrocarbons are reviewed. Biosyn-
thetic production of hydrocarbons is reported as being equivalent
to hydrocarbons contributed by petroleum sources through transporta-
tion loss and river and urban runoff.
C-0822-77
MAJOR CONTAMINANTS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT [English summary]
Bernhard, M., and A. Zattera. 1975.
Ingegneria Ambientale 4(3):186-287.
Contaminants, Oceans
"A review with about 400 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):#8463z. 1977]
C-0823-77
"SLIKTRAK" - A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OFFSHORE OIL SPILLS,
CLEANUP, EFFECTS AND ASSOCIATED COSTS ,
Blaikley, D. R., G. F. L. Dietzel, A. W. Glass, and P. J. vanKleef.
1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 45-52. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Models, Oil spills, Fate, Movement, Cleanup, Cost analysis,
Statistical analysis
"SLIKTRAK", developed by Shell, applies a slick description and
combat concept, developed within the E&P Forum for well blowouts
in the North Sea, but applicable to other areas as well. This
concept includes costs for cleanup, damages and the effect of
phenomena such as evaporation and natural dispersion."
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C-0824-77
IMPACT OF OIL SPILLAGE FROM WORLD WAR II TANKER SINKINGS
Campbell, B., E. Kern, and D. Horn. 1977.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Report MITSG 77-4. 85p.
Oil spills, Tankers, Fate, Environmental effects, Models,
Wildlife, Economic effects, *World War II spills
The overall effects of spilled oil were studied through an extensive
literature and archives search of data on tankers sunk along the
eastern U.S. coast during World War II. Cape Hatteras, North
Carolina, and its surrounding area and the Ashbury Park area of
New Jersey were selected as sites for the investigation. A
computer model was developed to simulate the trajectory of oil
released from each ship. Effects of spills, as reported by
residents of both areas, were minimal; regional wildlife and the
economy survived with minimal difficulty.
C-0825-77
SOME STUDIES OF AN OIL SPILLAGE DUE TO THE JACOB MAERSK ACCIDENT
Canelas, L. D., and J. D. Calejo Monteiro. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 281-288. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Hydrocarbons, Cleanup,
Dispersants, Shorelines, Portugal
A preliminary survey to study the long-term environmental effects
of the Jacob Maersk spilT in Leixoes harbor is presented; hydrocarbon
levels along the shoreline adjacent to the spill are given. The
use of dispersants and detergents in cleanup operations is discussed
and recommendations for actions during future spill incidents are
given. Non-polar hydrocarbon contamination at the harbor and on
the beaches was not too intense, as the first analysis was carried
out a week after the spill and a large part of the oil had been
burned, blown to sea, and cleaned up.
C-0826-77
MOPPING UP THE MESS (book review)
Clark, R. B. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(1):23.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Biodegradation, Sources,
Cleanup, Recovery, *Book review
A review is given of the book, "The Control of Oil Pollution on
the Sea and Inland Waters. The Effects of Oil Spills on the
Marine Environment and Methods of Dealing with Them". Sections
include: biodegradation, environmental effects of oil and chemical
agents, sources of oil pollution, booms, skimmers, dispersants, and
absorbents.
146
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C-0827-77
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ISSUES RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF OIL ON
NORTHERN PUGET SOUND
Clark, R. 1974.
Oil on Northern Puget Sound. W. H. Gray and J. Everitt (eds.).
Pullman, Washington, Washington State University, 1974.
Proceedings of a Seminar, Mount Vernon, Washington.
Contamination, Environmental effects, Puget Sound
Summary not available.
[from Northwest Fisheries Center Monthly Report. February, 1975]
C-0828-77
THE ARGO MERCHANT OIL SPILL (letter to editor)
Farrington, J. W., H. L. Sanders, J. M. Teal, and J. F. Grassle.
1977.
Science 195(4282):932.
Oil spills, Tankers, Argo Merchant spill, Hydrocarbons, Fate,
Toxicity
This letter takes issue with a recent editorial article [Science
195(4274):137] entitled, "Oil Spills". The writers state that
the editorial incorrectly compares annual biosynthesis of hydro-
carbons with annual inputs into oceans from petroleum hydrocarbons
and does not point out the important differences in composition
and toxicity between these two categories. The rapidity of
evaporation of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons after a spill
is questioned, and the sinking of tar balls by various means as
a method of removing oil from the ocean surface is criticized
because it merely incorporates toxic hydrocarbons in the benthic
ecosystem.
C-0829-77
APPLIED ECOLOGY: A NONTECHNICAL APPROACH
Hinckley, A. D. 1976.
New York, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1976. 342p.
Contamination, Environmental effects, Development, Coasts, Legisla-
tion, *Ecology
Among the topics covered in this book are history and scope of
ecology, impact of man and his technology, aquatic ecosystems,
coastal utilization, water conservation, several types of pollution
including oil, environmental modeling, and environmental law.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00964. 1977]
147
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C-0830-77
THE HONG KONG SEA-SHORE - AN ENVIRONMENT IN CRISIS
Morton, B. S. 1976.
Environmental Conservation 3(4):243-254.
Contamination, Shorelines, Japan, Development, Environmental
effects, Marine organisms
The reasons for the erosion and, in some cases, destruction of
Hong Kong's littoral fauna are discussed in this paper. The
various forms of pollution of the shorelines are described, including
human and agricultural effluents, land reclamation, oil, heavy
metals, mill wastes, freshwater runoff, and coastal development.
C-0831-77
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT [in
Norwegian]
Palmork, K. H. 1974.
Nordforsk, Havforskningsinst, Fiskeridir, Bergen, Norway
Miljoevardssidretariatet 4:99-125.
PAH, Oceans
Summary not available.
C-0832-77
MARINE AND ESTUARINE POLLUTION
Reish, D. J., T. J. Kauwling, and A. J. Mearns. 1976.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 48(6):1439-1459.
Oil spills, Contamination, Oceans, Estuaries, Biological effects.
Fate, Environmental effects, Marine organisms, Bibliographies
This literature review includes a section on oil pollution in
which forty-five recent articles (1974-1975) on oil pollution
of marine and estuarine environments are incorporated. Included
are papers on the fate of oil, biological, and environmental
effects of oil spills and oil contamination, and the biodegradation
and metabolism of oil, dispersants, and refinery effluents.
148
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C-0833-77
OIL SPILLS: RISKS AND RELEVANCE (letter to the editor)
Sills, D. L. 1977.
Science 195(4279):636.
Oil spills, Tankers, Argo Merchant spill, Law enforcement,
Regulations
The letter is in response to a recent editorial article [Science
195(4274):137] entitled, "Oil Spills", which focussed in part on
the grounding of the oil tanker "Argo Merchant" in December, 1976.
The inadequate enforcement of existing tanker regulations is
emphasized, and the apparent inability of government institutions
to make and enforce public policy on scientific-technical issues
is pointed out.
C-0834-77
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL
Vesilind, P. A. 1975.
Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1975. 232p.
Environmental effects, Pollution control, Regulations,
Legislation, U.S.
In this introduction to environmental pollution, all major pollutants
except radiation are described. Pollutant effects, methods of
control, and pollution standards, regulations and legislation with
emphasis on the U.S. are discussed.
149
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D. EFFECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
•1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-0835-77
BIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Barber, R. T. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for the
South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop
Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 109-112.
Held at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Oil spills, Offshore development, Biological effects, Marine
organisms, OCS, Atlantic Ocean
The South Atlantic OCS is dominated by horizontal along-shelf and
cross-shelf circulation. A thorough understanding of this advective
pattern is necessary in order to predict the effects of oil spills
on the biota and susceptible parts of the marine environment.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11484. 1976]
C-0836-77
A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OIL PLATFORMS IN THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL
Bascom, W., A. J. Mearns, and M. D. Moore. 1976.
Journal of Petroleum Technology. November:1280-1284.
Platforms, Biological effects, Offshore drilling, Marine organisms,
Santa Barbara Channel
The findings are given of a study conducted in 1975 to assess the
present status of the sea life on and near two offshore structures
and to compare the quantity and quality of life there with that
which lived at the towers several years ago and with that at nearby
control sites. It was found that life on and around the platforms
is healthy and shows no indication of the uptake of any toxicant.
Species diversity and abundance are greater than at control sites.
C-0837-77
SCIENTISTS PRESENT FRESH WARNING ABOUT OIL DRILLING ON GEORGES BANK
(news brief)
Day, G. 1977.
National Fisherman 57(10):16A.
Oil spills, Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Fisheries,
Marine organisms, *Georges Bank
The environmental effects of oil spills on Georges Bank are
discussed and adverse effects to fisheries and bottom fauna,
including shellfish, are presented.
150
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C-0838-77
EFFECTS OF DRILL MUD ON SEDIMENT CLEARING RATES OF CERTAIN
HERMATYPIC CORALS
Thompson, J. H., and T. J. Bright. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 495-498. (American
Petroleum Institute No. 4284).
Drilling, Sediments, Corals, *Drill mud, *Cleaning rates
Three species of hermatypic corals were subjected to large uniform
doses of four sediments: used whole drill mud, barite, aquagel,
and calcium carbonate. Rates of sediment clearance by each species
were measured. No corals were able to remove the used whole drill
mud, but all could rid themselves effectively of the other three
sediments.
C-0839-77
BIOLOGICAL SERVICES PROGRAM
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1976.
Washington, D. C., Office of Biological Services, 1976. 52 p.
PB-251 738.
Development, Oil shale, Biological effects, Fish, Wildlife, *U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service
The Biological Services Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service was begun in 1974 to provide information to decision makers
regarding fish and wildlife values in programs associated with
energy research and development. Project areas include terrestrial
habitats and fauna disturbed by oil shale, coal or geothermal
development; freshwater inpingements associated with water allo-
cation and stream channelization; and coastal and offshore manage-
ment.
[from Energy Review No. 17:17. 1976]
151
-------
2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
C-0840-77
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY CONSIDERATIONS
Rinkel, M. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for the
South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop
Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 103-105.
Held at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Contaminants, Offshore exploration, Spreading, Dispersions,
Platforms, Oil transport
Transport mechanisms which introduce, spread and disperse oil
contaminants in the marine environment during exploration and
development activities are discussed. Bottom transport of contami-
nants around platforms may be a more important factor than previ-
iously recognized.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11483. 1976]
152
-------
3. SOCIAL EFFECTS
C-0841-77
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE TO REVIEW THE DRAFT STUDY PLAN FOR
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ALASKA OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT
Rosenberg, D. H. 1975.
Sea Grant-75-14, NOAA-76052801; Grant NOAA-04-5-158-35. 142 p.
Offshore development, Socio-economic effects, OCS, Alaska
The proceedings of the public conference held in Anchorage, Alaska,
to discuss the Draft Study Plan for the Outer Continental Shelf
(DCS) petroleum development in Alaska are presented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(22):#PB-256 813/76A.
1976]
153
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4. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-0842-77
OIL INDUSTRY: BIG POLLUTION-CONTROL COSTS AHEAD? (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(27):25.
Regulations, Pollution control, Economics, Oil industry, Refining,
Exploration, Production *
The American Petroleum Institute projects environmental regulations
may cost the U.S. petroleum industry $10 billion yearly starting in
1985, with refining and exploration and production accounting for
90% of this cost.
C-0843-77
RESPONSES OF INDUSTRY WITHIN ABERDEEN TO OIL RELATED CHANGE: SOME
IMPLICATIONS FOR URBAN PLANNERS
Hunt, D. 1976.
The International Journal of Environmental Studies 9(4):269-278.
Offshore development, Economic effects, Onshore impacts, Scotland
The growth of onshore supply centers due to development of offshore
oil reserves is discussed. Aberdeen, Scotland is used as an
example of a mature economy that was transformed by oil related
industrial activity.
C-0844-77
REVIEW OF OFFSHORE EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA
Stafford, J. W. 1975.
Florida Coastal Policy Study: The Impact of Offshore Oil Develop-
ment. A. L. Pearman and J. W. Stafford (eds.). Florida State
University, and University of South Florida, 1975 (reprinted 1976).
Chapter II. p. 31-53. Final report.
Offshore exploration, Oil-gas leasing, Economic effects, Florida,
Onshore impacts
Recent offshore Florida oil-gas leasing and exploration activities
are chronologically reviewed, and the characteristics of associated
offshore and onshore facilities are examined. Past economic
impacts of oil exploration on several Florida communities are
assessed, and the potential positive and adverse economic effects
of such development are considered.
154
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5. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-0845-77
EFFECTS ON COMMERCIAL FISHING OF PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT OFF THE
NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Allen* D. W., R. B. Allen, R. E. Black, J. M. Friedman, and L. G.
Mallon. 1976.
WHOI-76-66, NOAA-76080904. Grant NOAA-04-6-158-44016. 78p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Fisheries, U.S.,
Regulations, Oil industry
The effects of petroleum development on the onshore and offshore
interactions of fisheries are described. Environmental effects
and legal and regulatory framework governing the oil industry are
also discussed.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(2):#PB-259 633/6GA. 1977]
C-0846-77
ERDA STUDIES WILL HELP ASSESS EFFECTS OF ENERGY GROWTH ON CONTINENTAL
SHELF
Anon. 1976.
Information from ERDA July 16:5-6.
Offshore drilling, OCS, Atlantic coast, Environmental protection,
Movement, Contaminants, *Southeastern U.S., ERDA
ERDA-sponsored research is gathering basic scientific information
to protect the environment along the continental shelf of the U.S.
southeastern coast by anticipating environmental problems that
would result from offshore drilling and power plant construction.
The movement of the Gulf Stream and the influence of it and winds
on current patterns of the continental shelf will be studied in
order to provide details about how nutrient and pollutants move
aroung the shelf.
[from Energy Review No. 17:7. 1976]
155
-------
C-0847-77
OFFSHORE OIL AND COASTAL RECREATION - COHABITATION OR CONFLICT
Anon. 1976.
OCS Update. Special June, 1976 issue. 8p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Oil industry, Oil
spills, Environmental deterioration, Delaware, Government agencies,
*Coastal recreation
This report summarizes divergent viewpoints expressed at a recent
conference on the effects of offshore oil development on the
environment, coastal recreation, and the related recreation industry.
Opinions about the adverse effects of offshore development, the
possibility of oil spillage and the resultant environmental degrada-
tion, and impacts on coastal recreation are expressed from the
perspectives of the oil industry, recreation industry, and involved
county, state and federal agencies.
C-0848-77
CIVIL LIABILITY FOR POLLUTION FROM OFFSHORE OPERATIONS
Archer, P., and C. A. Fleischer. 1976.
Environmental Policy & Law 2(1):2-5.
Offshore development, Liability, Europe, UK, France, Denmark,
Norway, *Pollution damage
Disagreements arose between delegates from nine northwestern
European countries regarding the extent of liability in the
event of pollution damage caused by offshore operations. The U.K.
and France favored a $25 million limit of liability for any one
incident, and Norway and Denmark proposed a $60 million limit.
The Norwegian view of strict and unlimited liability presently
in force in Norway's sector of the North Sea is explained.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(9):#76-05816. 1976]
C-0849-77
OPERATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS, OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM
CORPORATION IN. SITU OPERATIONS
Chew, R. T., III. 1976.
Science and Technology of Oil Shale. T. F. Yen (ed.). Ann Arbor,
Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. 1976. p. 73-86.
Oil shale, Development, EIS, Colorado
Oil shale operations began at the Logan Wash Property near De Beque,
Colorado,in June 1972. About half of the area, 1620 hectares
(4000 acres) is underlain by oil shales. With respect to environ-
mental considerations, the Logan Wash Project has two parallel thrusts
to acquire and prepare data for permit applications required for the
operation, and to acquire baseline data needed to prepare a complete
environmental impact statement for the project.
156
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C-0850-77
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN SHALE OIL PRODUCTION
Davidson, J. W. 1976.
Symposium on Alternate Fuels Resources, Santa Maria, California,
1976. North Hollywood, California, Western Periodicals Company?
Vandenberg, California, American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Inc., 1976. p. 373-381.
Oil shale, Production, Extraction, Environmental effects, Solid
waste, Wastewaters
Environmental control technologies applicable to shale oil
production are reviewed, and the management of solid and liquid
wastes from commercial extraction processes is discussed.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(24):#A76-47313. 1976]
C-0851-77
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S ROLE, INTERESTS, AND RESPONSI-
BILITIES WITH RESPECT TO THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF DEVELOPMENT
Davis, W. P. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for
the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/
Workshop Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research
Triangle Park, N. C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 55-58.
Held at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Offshore development, OCS, EPA, Environmental management, Oil spills,
Water quality, Estuaries, Coasts
The EPA's role with respect to OCS development and environmentally
sound management is outlined. The agency is concerned with ocean
disposal and oil spillage, establishment of marine water quality
standards, the effects of manmade organic compounds on the nearshore
and estuarine environment, and maintenance of the U.S. coastal regions.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11479. 1976]
C-0852-77
THE VALUE OF OFFSHORE OIL
Dorfman, R. 1976.
The Question of Offshore Oil. E. J. Mitchell (ed.). Washington,
D.C., American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,
1976. p. 5-15.
Offshore development, Economics, Environmental effects
The author estimates that the oil and gas in the outer continental
shelf was worth about $100 billion and concludes that these
resources could make a significant contribution to the nation's
fuel supply. The environmental costs of development would be
great, but compared to coal and nuclear power, offshore resources
would prove to be relatively clean environmentally.
157
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C-0853-77
OFFSHORE OIL POTENTIAL AND LAND USE IMPACTS IN THE CENTRAL
CALIFORNIA COASTAL ZONE
Doyle, W. T., (ed.). 1975.
University of California, Coastal Marine Studies, Special
Publication No, 3. 85p.
Offshore drilling, Oil industry, Environmental effects, California
coast, Onshore impacts
The oil potential of central and northern California, with
particular interest in the Monterey Bay area, is considered and
consequent possible land use conflicts are discussed. Offshore
drilling impacts are also discussed.
Ifrom Oceanic Abstracts 13(6):#76-05770. 1976]
C-0854-77
THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE ON THE GULF OF
MEXICO COASTAL ZONE AND OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
Environmental Consultants Inc. 1975.
U.S. Bureau of Land Management. 3 volumes.
Offshore development, OCS, Coasts, Environmental effects, Socio-
economic effects, Gulf of Mexico
Available from New Orleans OCS Office, Suite 3200, The Plaza
Tower, 1001 Howard Ave., New Orleans, LA 70113.
[from Ocean Oil Weekly Report 10(18). 1975]
C-0855-77
ACCOMPLISHMENT PLAN, REGION VIII, COVERING EPA ACTIVITIES RELATING
TO OIL SHALE (COLORADO, UTAH, WYOMING)
Environmental Protection Agency. 1974.
Report PB-255 125/7GA. llOp.
Oil shale, Development, EPA, *Rocky Mountain states
A description is given of the allocation of EPA resources to perform
its responsibilities in light of major oil-shale development in
these Rocky Mountain states.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#229,167. 1977]
158
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C-0856-77
SOUTHEAST COASTAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF ERDA
Forster W. 0. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for the
South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop
Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle Park,
N.C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 29-37. Held at
Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Offshore production, Atlantic coast, ERDA, Environmental effects,
Oil discharges, Chronic effects
ERDA has developed a research program designed to complement that of
the USBLM. The overall program is divided into the physical,
geochemical, geological and biological programs, the purposes of
which are discussed. The studies emphasize the potential environ-
mental impacts of chronic petroleum discharges on the nearshore
rather than the offshore areas.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11477. 1976]
C-0857-77
ENVIRONMENTAL OIL SHALE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, 1975.
Gary, J. H. (ed.). 1975.
Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines 70(4). 244p.
Oil shale, Development, Environmental effects, Extraction
Nineteen papers in this proceedings deal with aspects of environmental
quality problems associated with oil shale extraction and processing.
The range of topics extends from environmental baseline data aquisi-
tion to legislative attitudes in the respective states involved in
oil shale exploration and development.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(12):#082896. 1976]
C-0858-77
DECISIONS FOR DELAWARE: SEA GRANT LOOKS AT DCS DEVELOPMENT
Goodman, J. M. 1975.
Report DEL SG-1-75(1). 43p.
Offshore development, OCS, Environmental effects, Economic effects,
Delaware, Atlantic Coast
This report presents information on potential effects of OCS petroleum
development in the Mid-Atlantic region. The study includes quantita-
tive predictions of environmental, economic, and land-use impacts of
oil-gas development, based in part on an analysis of similar development
in the Gulf of Mexico and California coast.
[from Univeristy of Delaware Marine Publications Catalog, p. 6.
Summer 1976]
159
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C-0859-77
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY OF SELECTED AREAS
OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND
Green, H. G., S. H. Clark, Jr., M. E. Field, F. I. Linker, and
H. C. Wagner. 1975.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. Open-file
Report 75-596. 70p.
Offshore development, OCS, Southern California, Environmental
effects, *Geologic hazards
Selected areas of the Southern California continental borderland
have been studied to define the nature and extent of geologic
hazards which could affect the environment as a result of the
development of petroleum resources in this region. The areas
designated for leasing in Federal Outer Continental Shelf lease
sale 35 were studied in detail. The geologic phenomena investigated
include faulting, seismicity, sediment instability, sediment
erosion, and oil and gas seeps. Faulting and seismic activity
are major hazards in all of the areas. Additional informatton
is necessary for a complete evaluation of geologic hazards in
the borderland region.
C-0860-77
OFFSHORE OPERATIONS, REGULATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION:
OPEN DISCUSSION
Hickman, R. R. 1975.
U.S. Bureau of Land Management Conference on Environmental
Studies for the South Atlantic Continental Shelf Area, Atlanta,
1975. p. 63-76.
Offshore drilling, Offshore development, Environmental protection,
Regulations, Alaska, Southern California, Gulf of Mexico
Environmental protection considerations and governmental regulation
of offshore drilling and oil-gas development are discussed with
reference to ongoing Exxon operations in the Gulf in Mexico,
offshore Southern California, and Cook Inlet, Alaska.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(11):#76-07381. 1976]
C-0861-77
PROBLEMS ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY THE PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY
Hsieh, C.-H. 1976.
Neng Yuan Chi Kan 6(2):80-86.
Oil industry, Environmental effects, Contamination, Pollution
control
"Environmental pollution caused by the petroleum industry and
pollution control methods are reviewed."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(4):#211lie. 1977]
160
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C-0862-77
OFFSHORE OIL AND FISHERY RESOURCES
Jensen, A. C. 1976.
New York Fish and Game Journal 23(2):138-148.
Offshore drilling, Oil spills, Fisheries, Coasts, New York
Coastal fishery resources off the coast of New York are examined
in view of offshore drilling and possible oil spills.
[from Biological Abstracts 62(12):#65749. 1976]
C-0863-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCED WATERS FROM OIL AND GAS
EXTRACTION OPERATIONS IN OFFSHORE AND COASTAL WATERS
Koons, C. B., C. D. McAuliffe, and F. T. Weiss. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, Texas, 1976.
OTC Paper no. 2447. p. 247-257.
Environmental effects, Toxicity, Offshore production, Contamination,
Marine organisms, *Produced waters
The constituents of produced waters and their marine environmental
effects are examined. Laboratory and field studies show that toxic
components occur in low concentrations in produced watersi natural
processes such as dilution, evaporation, and chemical and biological
reactions rapidly reduce contaminants to levels that are harmless
to the marine environment and continuous low-level discharges of
produced water have few or no detrimental effects on the marine
environment or biota.
C-0864-77
SEA WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL DURING PETROLEUM EXPLORATION
[in Chinese]
Liu, C.-F. 1975.
Shih You Tsuan T'sai Kung Ch'eng No. 15:192-200.
Exploration, Pollution control, Seawater
"A review with 10 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(26):#197810y. 1976]
161
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C-0865-77
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT'S ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM FOR
THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF AREA, CONFERENCE/
WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Massoglia, M.F. (compiler). 1976.
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Research Triangle Institute,
1976. 283p. Held at Atlanta Georgia, 1975.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, DCS, Monitoring,
Guidelines, Atlantic Ocean, BLM
The report is a compilation of papers and discussions of the
title conference/workshop. Objectives of this meeting were to
summarize available information on the South Atlantic OCS area;
to identify subject areas in need of additional environmental
study; to provide predictions on environmental effects of drilling,
based on present information; and to formulate guidelines for
further baseline and environmental monitoring studies for the
South Atlantic OCS area.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11474. 1976]
C-0866-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF OCS PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT
McAuliffe, C. D. 1976.
Los Angeles Council of Engineers and Scientists Proceedings
Series No. 2. p. 49-59. Energy LA: Tackling Crisis,Greater
Los Angeles Area Energy Symposium, 1976.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, OCS
The environmental aspects of OCS petroleum development are
reviewed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(22):166022p. 1976]
C-0867-77
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF OFFSHORE DRILLING
Menard, W. 1976.
The Question of Offshore Oil. E. J. Mitchell (ed.).
Washington, D.C., American Enterprise Institute for Public
Policy Research, 1976. p. 33-41.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Oil spills
The author points out that constant changes in marine biology
and ocean currents rapidly make environmental assessments of
offshore areas out of date. Questions are raised concerning
the immediate and long-term responses of the environment to
oil spills. It is suggested that environmental impact be
measured not in absolute terms but according to the actual
exposure of people to environmental "insults".
162
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C-0868-77
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONFERENCE/WORKSHOP
Menzel, D. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for
the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/
Workshop Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research
Triangle Park, N.C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 227-
250. Held at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Offshore development, OCS, Environmental effects, Hydrocarbons,
Environmental deterioration, Health hazards, Atlantic Ocean
Study priorties for additional research into impacts of South-
eastern Atlantic OCS development on man and the environment
are summarized. Of major concern were 1) the possibility of
accidents resulting from geologic hazards, 2) permanent destruction
of unique environments; and 3) the effects of metals and hydrocar-
bons on organisms and man.
I from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11485. 1976]
C-0869-77
OVERVIEW OF CONFERENCE PROGRAMS
Menzel, D. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for the
South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop
Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle
Park, N. C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 93-96.
Held at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Platforms, OCS,
Atlantic Ocean, BLM
The objectives of the conference are reviewed; these include
summarizing available information and understanding the south-
east U.S. continental shelf environment, and predicting the
environmental effects of oil drilling. The USBLM is specifically
concerned with the environmental impacts of activities on and
around drilling platforms.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11481. 1976]
163
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C-0870-77
THE QUESTION OF OFFSHORE OIL
Mitchell, E. J. ted.). 1975.
Washington, D. C., American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy
Research, 1976. 161p.
Offshore development, Economics, Environmental effects, Offshore
drilling
This conference held March 20-21, 1975, and sponsored by the
American Enterprise Institute (AEI) National Energy Project,
dealt with the subject of offshore oil - economic value and
environmental risk. Four major papers were given: The Value
of Offshore Oil (R. Dorfman); The Environmental Impact of
Offshore Oil (W. Menard); The Social Benefit/Cost Analysis of
Offshore Drilling (W. Mead); and The Appropriate Pace of Offshore
Drilling (I. White). Each paper was followed by comments from
discussants. The conference concluded with a Round Table
Discussion on Offshore Oil: Costs and Benefits.
C-0871-77
THE OFFSHORE ECOLOGY INVESTIGATION: AN EVALUATION OF OIL INDUSTRY
IMPACT ON CENTRAL COASTAL LOUISIANA
Morgan, J. P. 1975.
Gulf Association of Geological Societies, Transactions Vol. 25.
p. 182. Abstract.
Offshore production, Oil industry, Environmental effects,
Hydrocarbons, *Marine organisms, Sediments, Louisiana
A study conducted by the Gulf Universities Research Consortium
on the environmental effects of offshore exploration, drilling,
and production off the Louisiana coast is presented. No significant
ecological changes were noted; hydrocarbon levels in organisms, the
water column, and sediments were low and present no known biological
hazards. The reef effect of platform structures tends to increase
biological activity.
164
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C-0872-77
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS BY OIL SHALE LEACHING
Maussavi, M., and T. F. Yen. 1976.
Science and Technology of Oil Shale. T. F. Yen (ed.). Ann Arbor,
Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., 1976. p. 205-220.
Oil shale, Development, Environmental effects, *Liquid wastes,
Solid wastes, *Leaching
"The effect of minerals leaching prior to retorting of any other
processes utilized for recovery of organics from oil shales is
multifunctional. A considerable decrease in required retorting
temperature may be obtained by leaching." ..."The volume of
liquid and solid wastes left behind by shale oil industries is
considerably high. If the leaching step is taken, it will become
higher. However, since the nature of waste is environmentally
more refractive, it is preferred."
C-0873-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF:
VOLUME 1. MARINE MAMMALS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 434p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Marine
mammals, *Baseline studies
Baseline studies on the abundance, diversity, characteristics and
distribution of marine mammals of the Alaskan Continental Shelf
are presented as part of a 14-volume assessment of the environmental
effects of OCS resources development ^nd oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2}:#W77-00901. 1977]
C-0874-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 2. MARINE BIRDS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 601 p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Birds,
*Baseline studies, *Marine birds
Studies on the coastal and seabirds of the Alaskan Continental
Shelf are presented as part of a 14-volume assessment of the
environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources development and
oil pollution. Included are reports on the abundance, diversity,
behavioral characteristics, and distribution of seabirds, their
habitats, migratory routes, breeding habits, and their inter-
relationships with the environment.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00902. 1977]
165
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C-0875-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 3. MARINE BIRDS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 647p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Birds,
*Baseline studies, *Marine birds
Studies on the behavior, abundance, feeding ecology, and seasonal
distribution of seabirds of the Alaskan Continental Shelf waters
are presented as part of a 14-volume assessment of the environmental
effects of Alaskan OCS resources development and oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00903. 1977]
C-0876-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 4. MARINE BIRDS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 362p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Birds,
*Baseline studies, *Marine birds
Among the topics of this volume are: results of aerial surveys
and photographic mapping of seabirds and seabird colonies;
literature reviews; and analyses of published and unpublished
data on seabird migratory patterns, population dynamics, and
habitats. These reports are part of a 14-volume assessment of
the environmental effects of OCS resources development and oil
pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00904. 1977]
C-0877-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 5. FISH, PLANKTON, BENTHOS, LITTORAL
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 715p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Benthos,
Marine organisms, Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea, *Baseline studies
Included in this volume are studies on the abundance, distribution,
diversity and productivity of benthic
166
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organisms of the Bering and Beaufort Seas, and summaries of'the
published and unpublished literature on benthic organisms of the
Beaufort Sea. The volume is part of a 14-volume assessment of
the environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources development
and oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00905. 1977]
C-0878-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 6. FISH, PLANKTON, BENTHOS, LITTORAL
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 587p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Fish, Mollusks,
Habitat, *Baseline studies
Baseline studies and surveys of specific fishes and mollusks and
their habitats, productivity, abundance, and spawning characteristics
are presented as part of a 14-volume assessment of the environmental
effects of Alaskan OCS resources development and oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00906. 1977].
C-0879-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 7. FISH, PLANKTON, BENTHOS, LITTORAL
National Oceanic and Atmoshperic Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories,'Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 675p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Plankton,
Benthos, Fisheries, *Baseline studies
Among the baseline studies presented in this volume are reports on
phytoplankton and zooplankton of the continental shelf areas
surrounding Alaska; fisheries and other demersal resources;
and literature reviews on distribution, abundance, diversity and
productivity of benthic organisms of the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea
and Beaufort Sea. This study is part of a 14-volume assessment of
the environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources development and
oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00907. 1977]
167
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C-0880-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 8. EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 392p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Biological effects,
Alaska, DCS, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Biodegradation
Among the reports presented in this volume are studies on the
acute and chronic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the marine
biota and on specific fishes, marine mammals and crustaceans;
uptake, depuration and sublethal effects of petroleum and
petroleum hydrocarbons on organisms as reflected in morphological,
physiological, chemical and behavioral changes; biodegradation
and biotransformation of petroleum compounds; and literature
reviews of biological effects of oil on the arctic and subarctic
biota.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00908. 1977]
C-0881-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF
VOLUME 9. CHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 555p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Micro-
organisms, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Distribution,
*Baseline studies
Included in this volume are studies on the analysis of trace
hydrocarbons, their abundance and distribution; and the interaction
of microorganisms and petroleum pollutants in the Beaufort Sea and
Gulf of Alaska. The volume is part of a 14-volume assessment of
the environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources development
and oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00909. 1977]
168
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C-0882-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF,
VOLUME 10. CHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY
National Oceanic and Atmoshperic Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 436p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS,
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Distribution, *Baseline studies
Among the reports presented in this volume are studies of crude
oil degradation by psychrophilic bacteria; baseline assessment
of microbial activity in the Beaufort Sea and Gulf of Alaska;
natural hydrocarbon distribution and dynamics of the Alaskan OCS
area; and the microbial release of soluble trace metals from
oiled sediments. These reports are part of a 14-volume assess-
ment of the environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources
development and oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00910. 1977]
C-0883-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 11. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 996p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, *Baseline
studies, *Physical oceanography, *Meteorology
This volume presents reports dealing mostly with the physical
oceanography of the Gulf of Alaska, Beaufort Sea, and Bering Sea.
Included are topics on oceanographicprocesses, coastal and ocean
currents, transport of pollutants, regional marine climatology,
development and application of current mapping, analytical models,
and historical and statistical data analyses. These studies are
part of a 14-volume assessment of the environmental effects of
Alaskan OCS resources development and oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10{2):#77-00911. 1977]
169
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C-0884-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 12. GEOLOGY
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 679p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, *Baseline
studies, *Geologic hazards, *Marine geology
Geologic studies constitute this part of a 14-volume assessment of
the environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources development and
oil pollution. Research reports on seismic and volcanic hazards,
sedimentation, coastal morphology, regional environmental geology
and geomorphology, offshore permafrost and marine geology problems
are presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00912. 1977]
C-0885-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 13. GEOLOGY
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 430p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS,
*Baseline studies, *Geologic hazards
Geologic processes and geologic hazards of the Alaskan Continental
Shelf are discussed in this part of a 14-volume assessment of the
environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources development and oil
pollution. Research reports on recent and active faulting, slope
instabilities, slumping, submarine and coastal depositional and
erosional processes, seismic and volcanic risks, and coastal and
offshore permafrost are presented.
[from Selected-Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00913. 1977]
170
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C-0886-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 14. ICE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Laboratories. 1976.
NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Principal Investigators'
Reports for the Year Ending March 1976. 459p.
Environmental effects, Offshore development, Alaska, OCS, Ice,
Arctic Ocean, *Baseline studies
Among the topics covered in this volume are: the interactions
of oil with sea ice in the Arctic Ocean; the morphology and
dynamics of sea ice, the seasonal development, abundance and
decay of sea ice; the study of sea ice conditions by aerial and
satellite remote sensing; historical baseline ice studies; and
development of equipment and methods for sea ice measurement
and monitoring. These studies are part of a 14-volume assessment
of the environmental effects of Alaskan OCS resources development
and oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(2):#W77-00914. 1977]
C-0887-77
INTRODUCTION
Pearman, A. L. 1975.
Florida Coastal Policy Study: The Impact of Offshore Oil Development.
A. L. Pearman and J. W. Stafford teds.). Florida State Universtiy,
and University of South Florida, 1975 (reprinted 1976). Chapter I.
p. 1-30. Final report.
Offshore exploration, Offshore development, Socio-economic effects,
Onshore impacts, Florida
The patterns of development and onshore impacts of OCS oil-gas
exploration and development are discussed, using examples from
other Gulf states and the British experience with North Sea
production. The social and economic effects on coastal communities
are considered, and the development of the inland Florida Jay oil
field is briefly reviewed.
171
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C-0888-77
FLORIDA COASTAL POLICY STUDY: THE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE OIL
DEVELOPMENT
Pearman, A. L., and J. W. Stafford. 1975.
Florida State University, and University of South Florida, 1975
(reprinted 1976). ix + 273p. Final report.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Onshore impacts,
Socio-economic effects, Refineries, Ports, Coasts, Florida,
Guidelines
In chapters I to IX, the environmental, economic, social and
legal effects of offshore oil-gas development and related oil
production and transfer facilities on coastal Florida are
examined, based on an analysis of oil-gas development in other
coastal areas. In the last chapter, policy options are identified
and developed to serve as guidelines for minimizing the adverse
offshore and onshore impacts of such activities.
C-0889-77
GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY CONSIDERATIONS
Pilkey, 0. H. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for the
South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop
Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle Park,
N.C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 97-101. Held at
Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
OCS, Atlantic Ocean, EIS, *Geologic framework
A brief overview of the geologic framework of the southeastern
U.S. Continental Shelf is presented, and problems to be investigated
in conjunction with other baseline environmental studies are
identified and listed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11482. 1976]
C-0890-77
OIL UNDER THE ICE
Pimlott, D., D. Brown, and K. Sam. 1976.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, 1976. 161p.
Offshore drilling, Arctic, Environmental effects, Beaufort Sea,
Canada
The book is a thorough case-study of the environmental risks of
drilling programs which have already been undertaken from areas
of the Canadian Arctic and which have been proposed for deeper
waters of the Beaufort Sea and Lancaster Sound. Evidence is
presented of the need for a clearly stated policy of environmental
assessment and public review of development plans in hazardous
areas.
172
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C-0891-77
NOAA RESEARCH ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ENERGY-RELATED
ACTIVITIES
Rucker, J. B. 1976.
EPA National Conference on Health, Environmental Effects, and
Control Technology of Energy Use, Washington, D. C., 1976. 4p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Puget Sound, Gulf
of Mexico, Fate, Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Marine organisms, NOAA
The following NOAA energy-related R&D projects are described:
an environmental assessment of the potential impact of petroleum
activities in Northern Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca;
an environmental assessment of an active oil field in the north-
western Gulf of Mexico; and a study of the fate and effects of
toxic metals and petroleum hydrocarbons on selected ecosystems
and organisms.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(9):#76-05861. 1976]
C-0892-77
SHETLAND'S OIL- AND SHETLAND'S ENVIRONMENT
Sage, B. 1976.
New Scientist 70(998):236-238.
Development, Pipelines, Storage, Oil industry, Scotland,
*Sullom Voe terminal
Handling by Shetland authorities of the adverse impacts of oil
development at the Sullom Voe pipeline terminal, oil storage, and
transmission facilities is described.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(9):#76-05783. 1976]
C-0893-77
AN OIL SPILL RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF LEASE AREA
Slack, J. R., and R. A. Smith. 1976.
U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report, No. 76-653. 58p.
Oil spills, OCS, Oil-gas leasing, Fate, Environmental effects,
Atlantic Ocean, *Risk analysis
The study was conducted to yield estimates of the overall oil spill
risk associated with development of the Atlantic OCS lease area.
Analyzed were probability of spill occurrence, likely path of
pollutants from spills, and locations in space and time of
recreational and biological resources likely to be vulnerable.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(8):#230,631. 1977]
173
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C-0894-77
IMPACT ANALYSIS OIL PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AT LOCH CARRON
Sphere Environmental Consultants Ltd. n.d.
Report. 197p.
Platforms, Development, EIS, Environmental effects, Scotland
The report was prepared for the Scottish Development Department
in connection with environmental impacts of the proposed
construction of concrete wellhead platforms at a site at Loch
Carron.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(5):#76-1985. 1976]
C-0895-77'
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OCS OIL AND GAS ACTIVITY
Stafford, J. W. 1975.
Florida Coastal Policy Study: The Impact of Offshore Oil
Development. A. L. Pearman and J. W. Stafford (eds.). Florida
State University, and University of South Florida, 1975 (reprinted
1976). Chapter VI. p. 131-162. Final report.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, OCS, Oil spills,
Pipelines, Florida
A general overview is presented of a range of environmental
impacts associated with OCS oil and gas exploration, drilling,
development, production, storage, transport, and processing.
Whereas the pollution associated with geophysical exploration in
Florida waters has usually been negligible, drilling rigs,
production platforms, pipelines, and transfer and storage
facilities present a more serious environmental threat in the
form of potential blowouts, large oil spills, and small or chronic
spills and discharges.
C-0896-77
OIL ON EAST COAST GROUNDS - HOW BAD IS BAD? (news brief)
Townes, B. 1977.
National Fisherman 57(9):7B.
Oil spills, Offshore development, Fisheries, Economic effects,
Atlantic Coast
The chances of a major oil spill occurring off New England's
coast due to offshore oil development are discussed; the effects
on fisheries, the fishing industry, and the economy are assessed.
174
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C-0897-77
DRILLING, TANKERS AND OIL SPILLS ON THE ATLANTIC OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF
Travers, W. B., and P. R. Luney. 1976.
Science 194(4267):791-796.
Offshore drilling, Blowout prevention, OCS, Tankers, Oil transport,
Oil spills, Atlantic coast, California coast, Gulf of Mexico
Recent technological advances which prevent offshore oil well
blowouts under adverse geologic conditions are explained, and
the relatively safe geologic conditions of the Atlantic OCS
areas are compared with those of the Gulf of Mexico and California.
Sources of oil spills into the oceans are analyzed and tabulated.
It is concluded that oil tankers and the long-distance transport
of oil represent a far greater threat to the marine environment
than offshore drilling and production.
C-0898-77
SEDIMENTS, STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK, PETROLEUM POTENTIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS, AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES
SOUTH ATLANTIC OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
U.S. Geological Survey.
Open-file report 75-411. 262p.
Offshore development, Atlantic Ocean, OCS, Environmental effects
Summary not available. FFI contact Library, U.S. Geological
Survey, National Center, Reston, VA 22092.
[from Marine Newsletter 7(3):8. 1976]
C-0899-77
A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SUMMARY FOR THE SOUTH
ATLANTIC REGION BETWEEN CAPE HATTERAS, NORTH CAROLINA AND CAPE
CANAVERAL, FLORIDA
Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 1975.
U.S. Bureau of Land Management. 5 volumes.
Offshore development, Socio-economic effects, Environmental effects,
Atlantic Ocean
Available from New Orleans OCS Office, Suite 3700, The Plaza Tower,
1001 Howard Ave., New Orleans, LA 70113.
[from Ocean Oil Weekly Report 10(18). 1975]
175
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C-0900-77
OIL AND ICE IN THE BEAUFORT SEA
Wadhams, P. 1976.
Polar Record 18(114):237-250.
Blowout prevention, Pollution control, Offshore drilling, Arctic,
Beaufort Sea
The results of experimental and field studies of the Beaufort
Sea have been published in 39 technical and 6 overview reports
which are tabulated in this article. The most likely source
of oil pollution is a well blowout and no adequate cleanup
technique is presently available, especially if the oil becomes
incorporated into the ice. Emphasis is placed, therefore, on
the observation of very stringent safety precautions to prevent
blowouts.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(1):#228,673. 1977]
C-0901-77
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ARCTIC DEVELOPMENT
ESPECIALLY IN ALASKA
West G. C. 1976.
Environmental Conservation 3(3):218-224.
Exploration, Production, Arctic, Environmental effects, Plants,
Wildlife, Oil spills, Marine organisms
The potentially adverse impacts on the environment, wildlife, and
human health and safety resulting from exploration and production
of mineral and petroleum resources in arctic environments are
outlined. A brief discussion of the effects of oil spillage,
especially in the aquatic environment, is included.
C-0902-77
THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR'S OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF LEASING
PROGRAM
Whelan, J. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for the
South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop
Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle Park,
N.C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 11-14. Held at
Atlanta,Georgia, 1975.
Oil-gas leasing, OCS, Offshore development, Economics, Environmental
protection, USDI
USDI responsibilities in developing and managing OCS oil and mineral
resources are outlined. They include the orderly development of
such resources, receipt of fair market value for the leased mineral
resources, and protection of the marine coastal environment.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(21):#W76-11475. 1976]
176
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C-0903-77
FEDERALLY SPONSORED OCS SCIENTIFIC STUDIES: PUBLIC RELATIONS
OR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION?: OPEN DISCUSSION
Winchester, E. 1975.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for
the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/
Workshop Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research
Triangle Park, N.C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976.
p. 79-90. Held at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Oil-gas leasing, EIS, Environmental protection, OCS, BLM
The presentation raises doubts over the real purposes and
effectiveness of BLM and other federally sponsored environ-
mental inpact studies of possible OCS lease areas, and
questions the adequacy of oil-gas leasing decisions based on
one-year environmental assessment studies.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(11):#76-07382. 1976]
C-0904-77
THE ALASKAN OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
PROGRAM
Wolfe, D. A. 1975.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies Program for
the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Area, Conference/
Workshop Proceedings. M. F. Massoglia (compiler). Research
Triangle Park, N.C., Research Triangle Institute, 1976.
p. 39-53. Held at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, OCS, Alaska,
Biological effects, Contaminants, Monitoring, Information
Systems
NOAA's research program to assess the environmental impacts
of Alaskan OCS* oil and gas development is described
Research objectives include: characterization and quantifica-
tion of petroleum-related contaminant and their effects on
critical habitats, species, and biological processes;
identification and quantification of irreversible effects;
development of a pollution monitoring program; and the
establishment of an environmental data storage and retrieval
bank to provide an information base for all phases of OCS
leasing and operation.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(11):#76-07380. 1976]
177
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C-0905-77
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR RESUMPTION OF DRILLING
IN THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL FROM EXISTING STANDARD OIL
COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA PLATFORMS
Woodward-Clyde Consultants. 1976.
Special report. 113 p.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, EIS, Santa Barbara
Channel, *Air quality impacts
Presented are revisions to the Draft Environmental Impact
Report of the title study. The most significant revisions
deal with air quality baseline and potential impacts.
Questions and comments from agencies and individuals during
the public review of the Draft EIR and the public hearing
held in Santa Barbara on May 8, 1976, are provided. Responses
to questions and comments follow each statement.
[from Energy Information Abstracts 1(5): #76-23737. 1976]
178
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
C-0906-77
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE ARCTIC
Atlas, R. M., and M. Busdosh. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976.
p. 79-86. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Arctic, Alaska
The effects of nutrient concentration, temperature, crude
oil chemical composition, and concentration of oil-
degrading microorganisms on the biodegradation of oil in
Alaskan coastal waters were investigated. Addition of N
and P or seeding with petroleum-degrading bacteria in-
creased the rate of degradation in some situations.
[from Proceedings of the Third Biodegradation Symposium.
List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers, Ltd.
July, 1976]
C-0907-77
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM
Azarowicz, E. N. 1976.
South African Patent 75 05,088
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Waste oil, Microorganisms,
Patent, South Africa
A process for the microbial degradation of oil spills
and oily wastes is described.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(5): #229,881. 1977]
179
-------
C-0908-77
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL SLICKS ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Bartha, R. 1976.
Final report, Contract N00014-67-A-0115-0005. 11 p.
Biodegradation, Oil slicks, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Clean-
up, *Nutrient enrichment
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine bacteria
was studied with the aim of using bacteria in oil spill
cleanup operations. By supplying nitrogen, phosphorus,
and iron to an oil slick, the rate of biodegradation can
be increased by an order of magnitude or more.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(1): #AD-A031
739/6GA. 1977]
C-0909-77
AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL. SIGNIFICANCE
OF AN INITIAL RISE IN OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE FOLLOWING CON-
TAMINATION WITH OIL
Blakebrough, N., P. J. Garner, A. H. Knap, J. M. Raisbeck,
and D. Heppell. 1976.
Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 26(10):550-558.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Soil, Oxidation, Microorganisms,
*0xygen uptake rate
The increase in the rate of oxygen uptake by the soil due
to hydrocarbon addition was investigated using an electrolytic
respirometer. Oxidation was not the cause of the increased
rate but was probably due to microbial lysis or the release
of nutrients induced by addition of the oil.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(5): #229,892. 1977]
180
-------
C-0910-77
MICROBIAL GENETIC ENGINEERING. AN EVALUATION OF BENEFITS
AND BIOHAZARDS
Chakrabarty, A. M. 1977.
Genetic Engineering. Cleveland, CRC Press Inc., 1977. 23 p.
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Bacteria, Cleanup, *Microbial
genetic engineering
Three areas of genetic engineering research are discussed
by the author: oil spill cleanup, enhanced production
of methane from cellulosic wastes, and functional expression
of bacterial nitrogen fixation genes in plants. The
reasons for the genetic development of a niulti-plasnvid pure
culture for oil spill cleanup, the methods used, and an
assessment of biohazard potentials in using these micro-
organisms for this purpose are presented in Section I.
C-0911-77
HYDROCARBON-USING MICROORGANISMS IN THREE FRESH-WATER ECO-
SYSTEMS
Cooney, J. J., and R. J. Summers. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976.
p. 141-156. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Freshwater,
Ecosystems
Both bacteria, and yeast and fungi are important in hydro-
carbon polluted ecosystems. Only 0.1% of the total
population grew with hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source.
Representative colonies included 54% bacteria, 33% yeasts
and 13% filamentous fungi; approximately 30% of each
group was able to emulsify kerosene.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
181
-------
C-0912-77
ACTIVITY OF SOIL BACTERIA ON PETROLEUM WASTE ADJACENT
TO AN ACTIVE OIL WELL
Cooper, R. E., and H. G. Hedrick. 1976.
Soil Science 122(6):331-338.
Biodegradation, Waste oil, Oil wells, Bacteria, Soil,
*Petroleum waste
Of 10 primary isolates, four bacteria were found to
be highly active on petroleum waste and were identified
as species of Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Achromobacter.
Results of growth experiments showed that all four
isolates utilized petroleum waste at high rates in a shake^-
culture system. Studies on gaseous evolution showed a
constant rate of activity as measured by evolved COo.
Manometric studies showed a slow to moderate rate or oxygen
uptake on three selected hydrocarbons,
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(8): #230,634. 1977]
C-0913-77
SUPERSTRAIN OF OIL-EATING MICROBES
Cottrell, K. 1977.
Sea Frontiers 23(1):28-31.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Oil slicks, Bacteria,
*Supermicrobes
The article discusses the development of a new bacterial
strain having the genetic capacity to breakdown
simultaneously a variety of oil components. Dr. A. M.
Chakrabarty, General Electric Research and Development
Center, has combined the genetic makeup of four different
strains of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria that occur in
nature into a single superstrain which is able to consume
about two-thirds of the hydrocarbons in a crude oil slick.
182
-------
C-0914-77
THE FATE OF PETROLEUM IN A SOIL ENVIRONMENT
Cresswell, L. W. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 479-482.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284).
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Soil, Fate, Environmental
effects
The fate of oil spilled on soil was studied by experi-
mentally oiling test plots of land, tilling the oil into
the top 15-20 cm of soil, and adding fertilizer for
nutrients. Paraffinic crudes are found to biodegrade
more rapidly than asphaltic crudes; at an oil concentra-
tion in soil of 5%, about 60 bbl/acre are degraded
annually. No known adverse environmental effects have
been observed after over 40 months; the oil appears to
stay tightly bound in the top layer of soil, and
apparently healthy crops of wheat have been grown in
plots with 5-10% oil.
C-0915-77
MICROBIAL POPULATIONS IN COASTAL SURFACE SLICKS
Crow, S. A., W. L. Cook, D. 6. Ahearn, and A. W. Bourquin. 1976,
Proceedings of the Third International Biodeqradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976.
p. 93-98. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacten'5, Oil slicks, Coasts,
Freshwater
Bacterial concentrations on the surface were 10 to 100 times
greater than those 10 cm below. The surface film bacteria
had weak hydrocarbonoclastic and lipolytic activities. A
greater proportion of them are capable of growth on fresh-
water media.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
183
-------
C-0916-77
PSYCHROPHILIC HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM
NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE ISLAND, U.S.A.
Cundell, A. M., and R. W. Traxler. 1976.
Material und Organismen 11(1):1-17.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Sediments, Seawater,
Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island
Growth rates and generation times were reported for hydro-
carbon degrading bacteria isolated by enrichment culture
from littoral sediments and seawater collected in Narragansett
Bay.
[from Biological Abstracts 63(1): #169. 1977]
C-0917-77
THE MICROBIAL METABOLISM OF CYCLOHEXANE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Donoghue, N. A., M. Griffin, D. B. Norris, and P. W. Trudgill. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation Symposiun.
J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking, Essex,
Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 43-56. Symposium
held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Bacteria, *Alicyclic
Compounds
Three genera of bacteria have been isolated which are capable
of growth with cyclohexanol and cyclopentanol. The steps in
the breakdown of these alicyclic hydrocarbons are presented.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. 1976]
C-0918-77
RESEARCH ON THE FOULING BIOCENOSIS COMPOSITION IN RECYCLING
WATER SYSTEMS OF PETROLEUM PLANTS AND MEASURES TO COMBAT IT
Dzhalilov, R. K., N. I. Karayeva, and N. R. Magerramova. 1976,
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 113-118.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Wastewaters, Refineries, Recycling
Summary not available.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
184
-------
C-0919-77
OIL BIODEGRADATION IN THE OCEANS
Floodgate, G. D. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976.
p. 87-92. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Oceans, Microorganisms,
*Nutrient requirements
The nutrient requirements for biodegradation are clarified.
The range of microorganisms involved in biodeterioration
has been extended. However, many other factors influencing
the rate of biodegradation still remain to be investigated.
[from Proceedings of the Third Biodegradation Symposium.
List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers, Ltd. July,1976]
C-0920-77
USE OF GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED MULTI-PLASMID MICROORGANISMS
FOR RAPID DEGRADATION OF"FUEL HYDROCARBONS
Friello, D. A., J. R. Myerore, and A. M. Chakrabarty. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation Sym-
posium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 205-214.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, *Multi-plasmid micro-
organisms
Transmissible plasmids in different strains of Pseudomonas
putida carry the genes specifying enzymes involved in the
biodegradation of a number of hydrocarbons. Transfer of
these plasmids into one strain can create a multi-plasmid
strain capable of growing faster with crude oil than any
of the naturally-occurring mono-piasmid parents.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
185
-------
C-0921-77
METHODS AND INTERPRETATION IN MEASUREMENT OF OIL BIO-
DEGRADATION RATE
Gibbs, C. F. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
posium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 127-140.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975,
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Oxidation, *0il biodegradation
rate
Various methods of measuring the extent and rate of oil bio-
degradation are discussed. Relationships between oxidation
rate and the supply of nutrient N were obtained. Oxygen
uptake-imp!ied a lesser amount of destruction than did re-
covery of oil. Changes in the physical properties of the
oil are noted.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
C-0922-77
INITIAL REACTIONS IN THE BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS [English summary]
Gibson, D. T. 1976.
Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie,Parasitenkunde, Infektions-
krankheitenund Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reiche B
162(1-2):157-168.
Biodegradation, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Bacteria, *Mammals
Mammals incorporate one atom of molecular oxygen into
aromatic hydrocarbons to form arene oxides. Bacteria in-
corporate two atoms of molecular oxygen to form cis-dihy-
drodiols; arene oxides are hydrated and produce trans-
dihydrodiols in mammals.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(19): #139564k. 1976]
186
-------
C-0923-77
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF CARCINOGENIC HYDROCARBONS AND
RELATED COMPOUNDS
Gibson, D. T. 1976.
Sources, Effects and Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 224-238. Proceedings of the Symposium, American
University, Washington, D.C., 9-11 August, 1976.
Biodegradation, Aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH, Carcinogens,
Microorganisms
Metabolic activation by organisms is believed to cause the
careinogenlcity of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH). This paper reviews the bacterial and mammalian
oxidation processes for aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons that are responsible for potentially
carcinogenic compounds.
C-0924-77
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Gibson, D. T. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodeqradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd. 1976.
p. 57-65. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, PAH, Microorganisms, Bacteria , Carcinogens
Mammalian microsomes oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons (PAH) to arene oxides, the suggested toxic or
carcinogenic agents. Results of bacterial degradation
studies indicate that bacteria oxidize PAH by a different
mechanism.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
187
-------
C-0925-77
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT FUEL
Hill, E. C., and A. R. Thomas. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976.
p. 157-176. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Fuels, Microorganisms, *Supersonic aircraft
fuel
Summary not available.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
C-0926-77
BIODEGRADATION OF HIGH-OCTANE GASOLINE
Jamison, V. W., R. L. Raymond, and J. 0. Hudson. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 187-196.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Gasoline, Groundwater, *Nutrient addition
Groundwater contaminated with gasoline was treated with
fertilizer to enhance biodegradation. Cultures isolated
from the groundwater were evaluated for their ability to
degrade gasoline. Several components did not appear to
be utilized for growth, which raises the question of
whether complete degradation of the gasoline is possible.
C-0927-77
BIODEGRADATION OF HIGH-OCTANE GASOLINE IN GROUNDWATER
Jamison, V. W., R. L. Raymond, and J. 0. Hudson, Jr. 1975.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology 16:305-312.
Biodegradation, Gasoline, Groundwater, Pennsylvania,
*Nutrient addition
188
-------
Microbial degradation was studied as a possible means of
removing the remaining gasoline in the contaminated
water supply of Amber, Pennsylvania, after a gasoline
pipeline leak. Laboratory studies showed there was a
small microbial population that could utilize high-
octane gasoline as the sole carbon source, but nitrogen,
phosphate and oxygen were limiting factors for maximum
utilization. Results of analyses of the water after the
addition of fertilizer and air to several wells are
discussed.
C-0928-77
THE VARIETY OF PETROLEUMS AND THEIR DEGRADATIONS
Kallio, R. E. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 214-223. Proceedings of the Symposium,
American University, Washington, D.C., 9-11 August, 1976.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Analytical
techniques, *Petroleum varieties
"Petroleums are all different from each other. The reasons,
the processes, the alterations by which these changes are
arrived at are noted. The implications of these are
directed toward environmental studies of oil spills and
their effects on the biosphere."
C-0929-77
THE TWO FACES OF BIODETERIORATION
Lamanna, C. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976.
p. 21-28. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms
Summary not available.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
189
-------
C-0930-77
PETROLEUM-OXIDIZING MICROORGANISMS IN THE SOUTHERN AND
CENTRAL PARTS OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN [in Russian]
Lebed, A. A. 1975.
Biologicheskie Issledovaniya Trop. Okeana. V. N. Greze
(ed.). Kiev, "Naukova Dumka," 1975. p. 10-16.
Biodegradation, Oxidation, Microorganisms, Bacteria,
Pollution control, Atlantic Ocean
Forty-two of the 109 heterotrophic microorganisms
isolated from the southern and central parts of the
Atlantic Ocean showed growth on media containing
petroleum or petroleum products. More than 50% of these
bacteria were isolated from surface water samples or samples
collected at 100m, where a significant difference in
temperature exists. The oil-oxidizing bacteria belonged
to the genera Pseudobacterium, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus,
and Bacterium. The significance of these bacteria in
eliminating marine oil pollution is discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(25): #188936s. 1976]
C-0931-77
METABOLISM OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS
Lee, R. F. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 333-344, Proceedings of the Symposium,
American University, Washington, D.C., 9-11 August, 1976.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Sediments, Micro-
organisms, Marine organisms, Benthos
Thirty-nine recent studies on the metabolism and bio-
degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by benthic microbes
and other marine organisms are synthesized to trace the
general pathways of hydrocarbon breakdown in marine
sediments.
190
-------
C-0932-77
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY MARINE MICROBES
Lee, R. F., and C. Ryan. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. 0. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 119-126.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Seawater
Radioactive hydrocarbons were added to water samples from
three areas. In the first 24 hours, between 1% and 5% of
the hydrocarbon was degraded and released as ^cc^. The rates
of degradation of alkylated aromatics, pure aromatics and
paraffinics differed. No evidence existed for hydrocarbon
degradation by isolated phytoplankton.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
C-0933-77
HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION "IN THE PRESENCE OF OTHER ORGANIC SUB-
STANCES BY BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SEAWATER
Le Petit, J., and S. Tagger. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(11):1654-1657.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Seawater, *Hexadecane,
*0rganic substances
Effects were measured of the presence of two organic substances
on three bacterial strains isolated from seawater and grown
on hexadecane. Acetate was found to reduce growth of all
strains and particularly the hexadecane degradation by
Acinetobacter sp. Trypticase-phytone, on the other hand,
promoted the degradation by the three strains.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(2): #228,862. 1977]
C-0934-77
BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF BUNKER 6C FUEL OIL
Liu, D., and P. T. S. Wong. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation Sym-
posium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 175-186.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
191
-------
Biodegradation, Fuel oil, Bacteria, Soil
A bacterium isolated from the soil of a local refinery
was able to degrade Bunker 6C fuel oil, with the n-alkane
fractions being the primary target for degradation. The
bacteria could oxidize the Bunker 6C fuel oil over a wide
range of oil concentrations.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
C-0935-77
A PRELIMINARY MODEL OF OIL DECOMPOSITION IN SOILS
McGill, W. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt
Water Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta
Environment, and University of Calgary, 1975. p. 291-312.
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Soil, Decomposition, Microorganisms,
Models, *Nutrient demand
A model of oil decomposition in soil was tested to determine
its sensitivity to nitrogen remineralization at high and low
oil concentrations. The rate of oil decomposition and amount
of oil were found to be more important in controlling nitrogen
demand.
C-0936-77
SELF PURIFICATION OF THE SEAS OF NORTHERN EUROPE BY THE REMOVAL
OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS [in Russian]
Mironov, 0. G., and A. A. Lebed. 1975.
Biologicheskoe Samoochishchenie i Formirovanie Kachestva Vody,
Materialy Vsesoyuznogo Simpoziuma po Sanitarnoi Gidrobiologii,
2nd. p. 22-24.
Biodegradation, Petroleum products, Microorganisms, Barent Sea,
Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean
The degree of petroleum product decomposition by microorganisms
in the Baltic and Barent Seas and in the north-eastern Atlantic
Ocean was investigated. The quantity of oxidizing microorganisms
was directly proportional to the degree of water contamination.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(6): #34052j. 1977]
192
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C-0937-77
METABOLISM OF HYDROCARBONS BY MICROORGANISMS [English summary]
Neryng, A. 1976.
Postepy Mikrobiologii 15(l):57-69.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Microorganisms
"A review with 63 references of the assimilation of n-alkanes
and other hydrocarbons, mechanisms of n-alkane oxidation by
microorganisms, and the substrate specificity of microbial
enzymes for the hydrocarbons."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(21): #156154u. 1976]
C-0938-77
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE WATER ENVIRONMENT [English summary]
Pawlaczyk-SzpiIowa, M. 1976.
Postepy Mikrobiologii 15(2):17-27.
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Microorganisms
"A review with 39 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 8.6(6); #34037h. 1977]
C-0939-77
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF DIESEL OIL IN MULTISTAGE CONTINUOUS
CULTURE
Pritchard, P. H., R. M. Ventullo, and J. M. Suflita. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation Symposium.
J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking, Essex,
Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 67-78.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,' 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Fuel oil, Microorganisms, Freshwater,
Continuous culture
Oil layers approximately 1-2 mm thick were placed on samples
of freshwater. Microbial growth appeared in 5-10 days; the
oil layer was completely removed in 120 days. The degradation
process was sensitive to environmental variables.
[from Proceedings of the Third Biodegradation Symposium.
List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers, Ltd. July, 1976]
193
-------
C-0940-77
OXIDATION OF PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY MICRO-
ORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM THE CASPIAN SEA [in Russian]
Salmanov, M. A., S. N. Aliev, and Z. N. Shakhmatoya. 1975.
Mikrobiol. Mebody Bor'by Zagryaz. Okruzhayushchei Sredy,
Tezisy Dokl. Konf., 1975.
V. A. Lambina and V. N. Uarova (eds.). Pushchino USSR,
Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1975. p. 105-106.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Bacteria,
Caspian Sea, USSR
One hundred sixty-four strains of hydrocarbon-degrading
bacteria from the Caspian Sea were cultured under laboratory
conditions on petroleum and petroleum products. Maximal
growth occurred with crude oil and kerosene. Biodegrading
bacteria were more abundant in the water than in the bottom
sediments.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(7): #39962r. 1977]
C-0941-77
PETROLEUM MICROBIOLOGY
Schwartz, R. D., and W. W. Leathen. 1976.
Industrial Microbiology. B. M. Miller and W. Litsky (eds.).
New York, McGraw-Hill, 1976. p. 384-411.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Environmental
effects, Microorganisms, Oxidation
"A review with 40 references on environmental effects of
microbes on petroleum and petroleum products, microbial
oxidation of hydrocarbons, and beneficial aspects of
petroleum microorganisms."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(23): #173909e. 1976]
C-0942-77
SOME DATA ON THE MICROFLORA OF THE GROUNDWATERS FROM THE SOVETSKOE
PETROLEUM DEPOSIT OF THE TOMSK DISTRICT [in Russian]
Shamolina, E. P., and A. D. Nazarov. 1975.
Izvestiya Tomskogo Politekhnincheskogo Instituta No. 237: 59-62.
Biodegradation, Microorganisms, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum
products, Crude oil, Groundwater, USSR
"Microorganisms oxidizing hexane, phenol, benzene, and
petroleum and CH4-producing microorganisms were found in
groundwaters from crude oil-containing geologic layers 6-2200
m deep."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(21): #156417g. 1976]
194
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C-0943-77
USE OF MICROORGANISMS UNDER SPECIAL MEDIUM CONDITIONS. I.
USE OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS BY MICROORGANISMS [in Japanese]
Uyema, H., and H. Horikoshi. 1976.
Hakko To Kogyo 34(11):851-865.
Biodegradation, Petrochemicals, Microorganisms, Metabolism
This review with 93 references includes such topics as the
conditions of growth for microorganisms, characteristics of
petrochemical products as substrates, and microorganisms
utilizing petrochemical products as C sources.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(7): #39846f. 1977]
C-0944-77
MODELLING OF THE BREAKDOWN AND THE MOBILIZATION OF HYDRO-
CARBONS IN UNSATURATED SOIL LAYERS
Verstraete, W., R. Vanloocke, R. De Borger, and A. Verlinde.
1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976, p. 99-112.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Soils, Monitoring, Models
Three different zones occur in hydrocarbon polluted soils.
In each layer, monitoring of the biodegradation process is
by different technique. In the layer on a level with the
aquifer, biodegradation is mainly anoxic. Models of the
various processes are discussed.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
C-0945-77
PETROLEUM: DEGRADATION BY ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 197-204.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Estuaries,
Chesapeake Bay
195
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This paper reports on the seasonal variation in the numbers
and activity of petroleum-degrading microorganisms from
oil-contaminated and oil-free environments. Information
on the susceptibility of petroleum to microbial degradation
by indigenous microorganisms of Chesapeake Bay is presented.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
C-0946-77
SAMPLING DEVICE FOR MONITORING BIODEGRADATION OF OIL AND
OTHER POLLUTANTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1977.
Environmental Science and Technology ll(l):93-95.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Bacteria* Monitoring, Sampling,
Fate
The fate of crude oil in the aquatic environment was studied
in a sampling chamber for four weeks; 97% of the oil was
removed by biodegradation. An increase in the total aerobic,
heterotrophic microbial population, including lipolytic
bacteria, was noted and was accompanied by a decrease in
the amylolytic bacteria population.
C-0947-77
ROLE OF AUTOCHTHONOUS BACTERIA IN THE REMOVAL OF SPILLED OIL
FROM SEDIMENT
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 12(l):51-56.
Biodegradation, Oil Spills, Sediments, Bacteria, Chesapeake Bay,
*Colgate Creek
The sediment of Colgate Creek in Baltimore Harbor of Chesapeake
Bay showed a significant increase in oil concentration after
an oil spill. Within a month after the spill, oil concentration
diminished by 75%; this decrease is attributed to bacterial
degradation.
196
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C-0948-77
THE MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF BUTADIENE
Watkinson, R. J., and H. J. Somerville. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.).
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976.
p. 35-42. Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island,
17-23 August, 1975.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Microorganisms,
*Butadiene
Summary not available.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
197
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2. PHYSICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-0949-77
SURFACE TENSION SPREADING OF CRUDE OIL ON ICE
Chen, E. C., and D. K. Charles. 1976.
Marine Science Communications 2(1):1-11.
Crude oil, Ice, Spreading, *0il-on-ice
The spreading of crude oil on ice passes through three
distinct stages: gravity-inertia, gravity-viscous, and
surface tension viscous. Spreading experiments were
carried out on artificial ice surfacesand the surface
tension-viscous spreading of crude oil on ice was studied.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(6): #7612/1350.
1976]
C-0950-77
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EVAPORATION RATES OF COMPLEX HYDRO-
CARBON MIXTURES UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Goodwin, S. R., D. Mackay, and W. Y. Shiu. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 54(4):290-294.
Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Evaporation, Solution
Physical parameters governing evaporation rates of spilled
hydrocarbon mixtures such as petroleum are discussed,
and the basis of a methodology for establishing evaporation
rates under various environmental conditions is outlined.
Evaporation and dissolution rates under spreading and non-
isothermal conditions are briefly considered.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(2):'#6929g. 1977]
C-0951-77
OIL IN SEA ICE
Lewis, E. L. 1976.
Pacific Marine Science Report No. 76-12. 26 p.
Ice, Oil spills, Movement, Behavior, Offshore drilling,
Environmental effects, Arctic, Canada, *Blowouts, *0il in ice
The following topics are covered: formation and structure
of sea ice, movement of spilled oil from the sea-bed to
the sea surface, oil at the ice/water interface, migration
of oil through ice, oil at the ice surface, and effects of
blowouts.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(7): #230,423. 1977]
198
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C-0952-77
THE PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLS ON NORTHERN TERRAIN
Mackay, D. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt
Water Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta
Environment, and University of Calgary, 1975. p. 81-110.
Oil spills, Behavior, Statistical analysis, Weathering,
Pipelines, Canada, Inland
This paper deals specifically with the terrain of the
Mackenzie Valley which will probably be the location of
an oil pipeline to be constructed in the 1980's. An
analysis of the spill frequency data indicates that this
pipeline may be subject to about two large spills per year,
the average volume being about 1,600 m^. In predicting the
resultant physical behavior, the following factors must be
defined: weather (or climate), the oil properties, the
condition of the soil and the ground cover, and the topo-
graphy.
C-0953-77
WATER SOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DETECTION
Peake, E., M. T. Strosher, M. Strosher, and G. Hodgson. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt
Water Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta
Environment, and University of Calgary, 1975. p. 184-228.
Oil spills, Behavior, Hydrocarbons, Groundwater, *Surface
waters, *Water-soluble fractions
/•
A number of experimental observations dealing with the
interaction between spilled oil and surface waters, shallow
near-surface groundwaters, and subsurface waters are con-
sidered. In the event of an oil spill, the water-soluble
hydrocarbons, which are mainly methyl benzene and methyl
naphthalene compounds, are rapidly dissolved in surface
waters. The water-naphthalene compounds are strongly
fluorescent and provide a useful basis for detecting oil
leaks. Some water-soluble compounds are persistent, con-
tinuing in the water for at least two and one-half years
even with continuous exposure to the atmosphere.
199
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C-0954-77
MODELING OF OIL EVAPORATION IN AN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT
Wang, H., W. E. Yang, and C. P. Huang. 1976.
Final report, CMS-RANN-3-76.
Models, Evaporation, Oil spills, Weathering
A numerical model developed to predict changes in oil
through evaporation is summarized. Evaporation dominates
in the early stages of the weathering of oil and petroleum
products.
[from University of Delaware Marine Publications Catalog.
p. 31. Summer, 1976]
3. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-0955-77
TOXIC HYDROPEROXIDES: PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION FROM
PETROLEUM CONSTITUENTS
Larson, R. A., D. W. Blankenship, and L. H. Hunt. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 298-308. Proceedings of the Symposium, American
University, Washington, D.C., 9-11 August, 1976.
Oxidation, Fuel oil, Toxicity, Yeasts, *Hydroperoxides
Short-term ultraviolet radiation adjusted to simulate sun-
light was found to form hydroperoxides in No. 2 fuel oil.
These substances were produced from the benzylic hydo-
carbons, were relatively water soluble and suppressed
the growth of yeast cultures at low concentrations. Some
of their breakdown products, including carbonyl compounds,
phenols and acids, also inhibited growth.
200
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4. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
C-0956-77
NOAA'S ACTIVITIES IN ENERGY RELATED MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING
R&D
Bestul, A. B., and W. L. Pugh. 1976.
EPA National Conference on Health, Environmental Effects, and
Control Technology of Energy Use, Washington, D.C., 1976. 5 p.
Oil spills, Fate, Movement, Sampling, Monitoring, Oceans, NOAA
Four oceanic projects will develop from NOAA's energy-related
activities: oil spill concentrations and trajectory fore-
casting, a shipboard environmental data acquisition system,
a water sampling program, and standardized marine monitoring
techniques.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(9): #76-05862. 1976]
C-0957-77
THE FATE OF PETROLEUM IN THE OPEN OCEAN
Butler, J. N., B. F. Morris, and T. D. Sleeter. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 287-297. Proceedings of the Symposium, American
University, Washington, D.C., 9-11 August, 1976.
Oil spills, Crude oil, Fate, Evaporation, Dispersion,
Biodegradation, Oxidation, Tar
Petroleum spilled at sea undergoes evaporation, dispersion
and degradation, including photochemical oxidation and bio-
degradation. Although physicochemical dispersion processes
which distribute hydrocarbons throughout the environment
can be studied by quantitative models, the degradation
processes that actually remove petroleum hydrocarbons from
the environment are poorly understood as is the ultimate
fate of petroleum at sea.
C-0958-77
OIL, WATER AND SQUIGGLY THINGS
Claggett, F. M. 1976.
Petroleum Today 17(3):20-21,
Fate, Oil Spills, Biological effects, Marine organisms, API
201
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The American Petroleum Institute has invested about $2.75
million to date in fate-of-oil studies. A typical example
of an oil industry-sponsored research project on the effects
of an oil spill on marine plants and burrowing organisms is
briefly reviewed.
C-0959-77
THE CONCENTRATIONS OF OIL IN SEAWATER RESULTING FROM NATURAL
AND CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISPERSION OF OIL SLICKS
Cormack, D., and J. A. Nichols. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 381-385.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Crude oil, Cleanup, Dispersants, Spreading,
Emulsification, Weathering
Factors relating to the dissipation of Ekofisk and Kuwait
crude oil spills are discussed and chemical dispersants
used to cleanup the spills are presented. Evaporation,
emulsion formation, spreading, and natural dispersion of
oil into the water column are also discussed. Test results
indicate that spreading of the oil leads to extensive
evaporative losses. No significant effects on marine
life were reported as a result of dispersing oil slicks.
C-0960-77
INFLUENCE OF SAMPLING METHOD ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
OF WATER SURFACE FILM
Daumas, R. A., P. L. Laborde, J. C. Marty, and A. Sailot. 1976.
Limnology and Oceanography 21(2):319-326.
Hydrocarbons, Refineries, Mediterranean Sea, Sampling,
*Surface microlayer composition
Surface microlayer composition was compared at two sites,
having different degrees of water pollution, near the
northern Mediterranean coast. Eutrophication due to
river runoff and hydrocarbon pollution from refinery
effluents may contribute to an increase in the enrichment
factor.
202
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C-0961-77
SUBSURFACE BIOPHYSIOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SPILLED CRUDE OIL
Duffy, J. J., E. Peake, and M. F. Mohtadi. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt
Water Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta
Environment, and University of Calgary, 1975. p. 136-183.
Oil spills, Inland, Fate, Crude oil, Models,Contamination
Groundwater
The persistence of water soluble hydrocarbons from crude
oil spills on land was investigated as a source of ground-
water contamination by means of theoretical models,
percolation experiments, and core sampling at spill sites.
Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the
water soluble components of crude oil spilled on land are
very persistent and represent long-term environmental
threats to groundwater.
C-0962-77
SUBSURFACE PERSISTENCE OF CRUDE OIL SPILLED ON LAND AND
ITS TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER
Duffy, 0. J., E. Peake, and M. F. Mohtadi. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 475-478.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Fate, Oil spills, Inland, Crude oil, Contamination,
Groundwater, *Persistence
The persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater
was studied using theoretical models, laboratory percolation
experiments, and analysis of core samples from spill
sites. Even with some biodegradation and evapotranspiration
activity, the oil components constitute extremely per-
sistent contaminants and require enormous quantities of
water to reduce the spill leachate to acceptable
drinking water levels.
C-0963-77
THE USE OF A DIAGNOSTIC CIRCULATION MODEL FOR OIL
TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS
Gait, J. A., and C. H. Pease. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977, p. 447-454.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
203
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Models, Oil spills, Movement, Drift, DCS, Gulf of Alaska
A diagnostic ocean current circulation model has been
developed for studying oil trajectories along continental
shelf regions. In this report, the model formulation is
outlined and test applications in predicting currents and
pollutant trajectories for the Northeast Gulf of Alaska
are presented and compared with observational data.
C-0964-77
A PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR DISPERSIVE OIL LOSSES BENEATH
OIL BOOMS
Fallah.'M. H., and R. M. Stark. 1976.
Ocean Engineering 3(6):383-390.
Oil slicks, Dispersions, Containment, Booms, Models,
*Dispersive oil losses
Wave action and current turbulence can cause substantial
oil losses from spill containment booms. The process of
"dispersive oil loss," in which vertically dispersed
oil particles when carried by current escape beyond the
boom perimeter, is studied using a random walk model.
Probabilistic descriptions for the volume of oil loss
are derived. The model's application using a hypothetical
oil slick is illustrated.
C-0965-77
FATE OF OIL FROM THE SUPERTANKER METULA
Hann, R. W., Jr. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 465-468.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Metula oil spill, Fate, Tankers, Environmental effects,
Beaches, Estuaries, Marine organisms, Strait of Magellan
The Metula grounding and oil spill disaster of August, 1974,
in which nearly 54,000 tons of crude and fuel oil were
spilled into the Strait of Magellan, is reviewed. The
report summarizes the initial and long-term effects of the
oil on the beaches, estuaries, waterfowl, and marine life
of Tierra del Fuego. The oil is disappearing from the
beaches at varying, but generally faster rates than from
estuaries and protected areas. No attempt at cleanup was
made and the ultimate fate of the oil is as yet uncertain.
204
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C-0966-77
INVESTIGATION, PREDICTION, AND CONTROL OF THE CONTAMINATION
OF GROUNDWATER BY OIL
Harper, T. R. 1976.
Petroleum Review 30(356):484-487.
Groundwater, Contamination, Hydrocarbons, Movement, Pollution
Control
Refineries,tank farms, terminals, and pipelines are all
capable of leaking hydrocarbons into groundwater. Methods
of studying and controlling the subsurface migration of
hydrocarbons are discussed, and the possibilities and con-
sequences of subsurface contamination by hydrocarbons
are assessed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(50):#227,860. 1976]
C-0967-77
STORM RELATED OIL SPILL MOVEMENT ON THE BEAUFORT SEA SHELF
Hufford, G. L., I. M. Lissauer, and B. D. Thompson. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 455-460.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Models, Oil spills, Drift, Shorelines, OCS, Beaufort Sea,
*Storm modeling
A storm model which incorporates historical storm data has
been developed for studying the wind drift trajectories of
oil spills along the Beaufort Sea coast. The probability
of an oil slick impacting the shoreline from five
different sites and under different storm conditions is
discussed.
C-0968-77
NEW YORK HARBOR OIL DRIFT PREDICTION MODEL
Kollmeyer, R. C., and M. E. Thompson. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 441-446.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Models, Oil spills, Harbors, Spreading, Drift, New York
The spreading behavior and drift of oil spills in New York
Harbor were studied using computer modeling techniques.
The computer model equations are reviewed, and the
parameters incorporated in the simulation, which include
tidal currents, Hudson River flow, wind direction and
velocity,are discussed.
205
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C-0969-77
PRIORITIES IN FATE OF OIL SPILL RESEARCH
Kolpack, R. L. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 483-486.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284 )
Models, Oil spills, Fate, Hydrocarbons, Spreading, Solution,
Emulsification, Adsorption, Decomposition
A computer simulation model was used to study the inter-
action of different petroleum hydrocarbons with varying
marine environmental conditions. Processes active at the
water surfaces are considered to be most important.
Suggested high priority research topics include:
spreading, mixing, dissolution, emulsification, photo-
chemical degradation, bottom transport and degradation,
sorption of oil on particulates, and coordinated studies
of nearshore processes.
C-0970-77
ELEMENTS OF MASS BALANCE RELATIONSHIPS FOR OIL RELEASED IN
THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Kolpack, R. L., and N. B. Plutchak. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 345-357. Proceedings of the Symposium, American
University, Washington, D.C., 9-11 August, 1976.
Models, Hydrocarbons, Oil spills, Oceans, Fate, Spreading,
Evaporation, Biodegradation
A three-dimensional computer simulation model was designed
to study the interaction and effects of variables which
influence the composition, quantity and spatial dis-
tribution of hydrocarbons in the environment. For processes
such as spreading, evaporation, mixing, dissolution and
microbial degradation of oil, more than 40 different
environmental variables were taken into account, including
air and water temperature, wind velocity, water currents,
solar radiation, dissolved oxygen and microbial populations.
206
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C-0971-77
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE LIFE: PROGRESS REPORT
ON RESEARCH SPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
Lasday, A. H., and E. W. Mertens. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, Texas, 1976.
OTC paper No. 2449. p. 275-283. (Also in Journal of
Petroleum Technology November, 1976:1285-1288).
Fate, Toxicity, Oil spills, Contamination, Marine
organisms, API
The results of API research into the acute and chronic
effects of contaminants upon marine organisms are
summarized. The research suggests that temporary ex-
posure of a marine organism to oil does not result
in permanent contamination. The composition of spilled
oil changes rapidly with time, and toxicity is reduced
by evaporation of the most toxic compounds. Thus, residues
of oil after an offshore-platform mishap become relatively
inert before they reach the most biologically sensitive
shoreline area.
C-0972-77
FATE OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN ESTUARINE WATERS OF THE
SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Lee, R. F. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 611-616.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Hydrocarbons, Fate, Estuaries, Rivers/At! antic coast,
PAH, Adsorption, Biodegradation
Radio!abeled hydrocarbons and phenols were added to samples
of estuarine rivpr waters of the U.S. south Atlantic coast
in order to observe the biodegradation and adsorption of
hydrocarbons to particulates. The higher-weight polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in river waters were subject to low
degradation rates and were found to preferentially adsorb on-
to detrital particles composed of a mixture of clay, organic
matter, plankton remains, and living microbes.
207
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C-0973-77
A COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNIQUE FOR OIL SPILLS OFF THE
NEW JERSEY - DELAWARE COASTLINE
Lissauer, I. M., J. C. Bacon, and M. C. Miller. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 437-440.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284-)
Models, Oil spills, Movement, Coasts, Offshore drilling,
Ports, New Jersey, Delaware
Oil slick trajectories and impact locations were predicted
for spills from two potential deepwater ports and two
drilling sites off the New Jersey-Delaware coastline
using a computer generated model. This report shows spill
movement generated by severe conditions caused by a typical
low-pressure coastal winter storm and those resulting
from a typical summer high pressure system situated off the
U.S. east coast.
C-0974-77
FATE OF CRUDE OIL SPILLED IN A SIMULATED ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT
MacGregor, C., and A. Y. McLean. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 461-464.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Oil spills, Fate, Arctic, Crude Oil, Evaporation, Weathering,
Solution, Emulsification, Tar
The title study was conducted under laboratory conditions
in order to understand changes in physical properties and
chemical composition of crude oil spilled on cold water.
Evaporation removed the largest quantity of the oil, whereas
sinking and solution was minimal. The oil rapidly emulsified
and in a matter of days coagulated into extremely persistent,
non-weathering tarballs.
C-0975-77
WEATHERING OF OIL SPILLED ON COLD, OCEANIC WATER WITH
PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SULFUR CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
MacGregor, D. R. C. 1975.
Masters Thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Crude oil, Oil spills, Weathering, Tar, Evaporation,
Solution, *Sulfur compounds
208
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The simulated weathering of crude oil from the liquid to the
tarball state was studied with emphasis on the detection
of changes in the sulfur content of the oil. Evaporation
removed most of the spilled oil; solution was minimal at
first but increased with time. Tarball formation was
rapid and resulted in a complete cessation of weathering
effects. Elemental sulfur fractions in the oil decreased
with weathering, whereas the relative amount of organic
sulfur increased with time.
C-0976-77
SEDIMENTS - SOURCES OR SINKS FOR PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS?
Meyers, P. A. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 309-324. Proceedings of the Symposium, American
University, Washington, D. C. 9-11 August, 1976.
Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Fate, Crude oil, Behavior, Sources,
Environmental effects
The adsorption and incorporation of petroleum hydrocarbons
in sediments, and conversely the slow release of hydro-
carbons by sediments into overlying waters were studied;
results were compared with the behavior of biogenic hydro-
carbons from Lake Huron sediments and other areas. It is
concluded that burial in sediments can effectively prevent
further interaction between trapped hydrocarbons and the
environment. However, hydrocarbons in surface sediments
can continue to interact with surrounding waters by physical
reworking of the sediments, bioturbatidn, or solution.
C-0977-77
PHOTO-OXIDATION OF CRUDE OILS
Nagata, S., and G. Kondo. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 617-620.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
Crude oil, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Oxidation,
Evaporation, Biodegradation, *Photooxidation
Gas-liquid chromatography was used to analyze changes with
elapsed time for five different crude oils. Changes monitored
included specific gravity, viscosity and amount of water in
oil. Processes of evaporation, biodegradation and photo-
decomposition were studied. Evaporation affected mainly
209
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the paraffins with low boiling points; biodegradation affected
mainly the normal paraffins. Aromatic and heteroaromatic
hydrocarbons which were not readily removed by biodegradation
or evaporation were decomposed by photo-irradiation.
C-0978-77
THE ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD AND CYCLE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
Suess, M. J. 1976.
The Science of the Total Environment 6(3):239-250.
PAH, Carcinogens, Fate, Decomposition, Environment effects
The formation, degradation and environmental effects of
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are
reviewed. Various natural and manmade PAH sources, such as
open burning, heating, power generation, combustion of
refuse, oil, and hydrocarbon fuels,are examined.
C-0979-77
1970 ARROW BUNKER C OIL IN 1975: RESIDENCE TIME AND MOBILITY
OF STRANDED OIL - IMPLICATIONS
Vandermeulen, J. H. 1975.
Conference on the Environmental Effects of Oil and Salt
Water Spills on Land, Banff, Alberta, 1975. Alberta
Environment, and University of Calgary, 1975. p. 111-135.
Oil spill, Beaches, Fate, Movement, Sediments, Biological effects,
Plankton, Benthos, Chedabucto Bay
The degree of contamination and pattern of residual oiling
of a typical low-energy beach in a sheltered lagoon is des-
cribed; observations on movement, residence time, and re-
entry of Bunker C are presented. Large amounts of the fuel
oil remain stranded along the shoreline of Chedabucto Bay
five years after the grounding of the "Arrow". The stranded
oil is slowly being released to the littoral and sub-littoral
environments; main route of re-entry appears to be through the
sediment. Zooplankton and phytoplankton in the area probably
experience little or no direct hydrocarbon effects at the
measured oil concentrations. However, epibenthic organisms
and the meiobiota encounter much high concentrations,
generally deleterious to growth, respiration, and chemo-
reception.
210
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C-0980-77
PERSISTENCE OF NON-ALKANE COMPONENTS OF BUNKER C OIL IN
BEACH SEDIMENTS OF CHEDABUCTO BAY, AND LACK OF THEIR
METABOLISM BY MOLLUSCS
Vandermeulen, J. H., P. D. Keizer, and W. R. Penrose. 1977,
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 469-474.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284 )
Fuel oil, Sediments, Fate, Weathering, Hydrocarbons,
Metabolism, Mollusks, Chedabucto Bay
Analysis of beach sediment cores from Chedabucto Bay shows
that weathering of oil occurs in the top 15 cm of
sediment, except for aromatic and cycloalkane components
which are resistant and unaltered and become enriched in
the sediments. Molluscs from oiled sediments and control
organisms were assayed for their ability to metabolize
and rid themselves of petroleum hydrocarbons. Both the
oiled and non-oiled bivalves lacked the ability to induce
hydroxylation activity (AHH) during petroleum exposure;
depuration was incomplete and exceedingly slow.
C-0981-77
A COMPARATIVE SURVEY OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN LAKE
SEDIMENTS
Wakeham, S. G. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(11);206-211.
Hydrocarbons, Distribution, Sediments, Lakes
The distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in lake sediments
is related to the level of human activity in the respective
drainage basins. Surface sediments in a lake surrounded
by a major city were found to be contaminated with hydro-
carbons, whereas no detectable contamination was found in
a comparable lake located in a national park.
C-0982-77
COMPUTER MODELING OF OIL DRIFT AND SPREADING IN DELAWARE
BAY
Wang, H., J. R. Campbell, and J. D. Ditmars. 1976.
Final report, CMS-RANN-1-76. 58 p.
Oil spills, Fate, Models, Drift, Spreading, Delaware Bay
211
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The report provides Information on computer modeling of oil
transfer operations and prediction of oil spill dispersion.
Two modes are considered: drifting and spreading.
Physical processes involved in spreading are discussed with
examples of field comparisons.
[from University of Delaware Marine Publications Catalog.
p. 31. Summer, 1976]
C-0983-77
OIL SLICK SPREADING BENEATH A UNIFORM ICE COVER IN THE
PRESENCE OF A CURRENT
Weiskopf, F. B., and M. S. Uzuner. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 293-300.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284 )
Oil slicks, Spreading, Ice, *Current
Previous studies of oil spill extent and spreading rates
conducted in still water beneath solid ice indicated that
a spreading oil slick passes through three distinct phases:
a gravity inertia phase, viscous-gravity phase, and viscous-
surface tension phase. This study, which incorporated into
the system a steady current of water beneath the ice cover
and used crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil in tests, indicates
that a fourth phase of spreading motion occurs in the
presence of a current. This phase was identified as a
turbulent drag-viscous drag phase. Based on test data, a
first approximation predictor equation was developed for
predicting the spreading of oil beneath uniform ice cover
in the presence of a current.
212
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F. OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
1. U.S. LEGISLATION
C-0984-77
OCZM RELEASES PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR THE COASTAL ENERGY IMPACT
PROGRAM
Anon. 1976.
OCS Update 1(6):1.
Regulations, Offshore development, Environmental protection,
Economic effects, Delaware
Economic implications for Delaware of proposed Coastal Energy
Impact Program (CEIP) regulations developed by the Office of
Coastal Zone Management are briefly summarized. Included in the
CEIP will be funding for grants which may be applied toward
planning,or devising protective measures for environmental and
recreational resources affected by offshore development.
C-0985-77
OIL IMPACT LEGISLATION SIGNED INTO LAW JULY 26
Anon. 1976.
OCS Update 1(5):4.
Legislation, U.S., OCS, Offshore development, Environmental effects,
Pollution control, Economics, Delaware
Amendments to the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act (PL94-370),
which were signed into law in July, 1976, will in part provide
for funds to be used to compensate for direct adverse impacts
caused by OCS activity. These funds could be applied to help
prevent losses to valuable ecological resources or to pay for oil
spill containment and cleanup equipment. Possible economic and
other benefits of this legislation to Delaware are briefly discussed.
C-0986-77
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A
DEEPWATER OIL TERMINAL IN THE DELAWARE BAY
Center for the Study of Marine Policy. 1975.
Report CMS-7-75. 27p.
Ports, Oil transfer, Legislation, Delaware Bay
"A study of appropriate legislation and other actions necessary to
plan, construct, and operate a deepwater oil terminal, addressing
the legal issues likely to be raised in the course of creating
such a terminal."
[from University of Delaware Marine Publications Catalog, p. 19.
Summer, 1976]
213
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C-0987-77
MANDATORY OIL IMPORT PROGRAM
Federal Energy Administration. 1975.
Report No. FEA/D-75/303; PB-255608/2GA. 337p.
Regulations, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Environmental effects,
Economic effects, FEA, *Mandatory Oil Import Program
"This report considers the environmental impact of, and alternatives
to, regulations implementing Presidential Proclamation No. 3279, as
recently amended by Proclamation Nos. 4210, 4341, and 4355, including
amendments to FEA's Mandatory Oil Import Regulations, 10 C.F.R.,
Parts 206 and 213, and the Mandatory Petroleum Allocation and
Price Program, 10 C.F.R., Parts 211 and 212. These regulations
establish and distribute the burden of increased fees on imports
of crude oil and petroleum products."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#229,164. 1977]
C-0988-77
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS: THE IMPACT ON INDUSTRY
Leone, R. A. (ed.). 1976.
Lexington, Massachusetts, D. C. Heath and Company, 1976. 129p.
Legislation, U.S., Pollution control, Refineries, Oil industry,
Economic effects
Research findings are summarized from a 16-month study of the
impact on various manufacturing industries of the 1972 amendments
to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The petroleum refining
industry is among the industries studied.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00978. 1977]
C-0989-77
RECOVERING FOR MARINE LIFE DAMAGE: LEGAL ASPECTS OF ALLOCATING
SOCIAL COSTS AND PROTECTING PUBLIC INTERESTS
Lutz, R. E., II, and J. P. Meek. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 11-14. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Environmental deterioration, Oil spills, Compensation, Wildlife,
Marine organisms, Economics, *Legal aspects
Means for compensating and settling wildlife damage claims can be
accomplished by direct cash payment, trust funds, specific replace-
ment and restoration programs, maintenance of sanctuaries and
reserves, and financing of wildlife refuges and habitats. Wildlife
damage compensation is moving from the unquantifiable approach of
civil penalties to an approach which allows for a quantification
of damages. This article discusses many issues relating to such an
expanded approach.
214
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C-0990-77
PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN RECOVERY OF OIL POLLUTION REMOVAL
COSTS
Norris, W. H., and H. N. Johnston. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 35-37. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Legislation, Pollution control, Cleanup, Liability, Cost analysis,
*Federal Water Pollution Control Act
The paper examines Sections 311(f) and (i) of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) and discusses the statutory scheme
for the recovery of clean-up costs by both government and private
persons. The effectiveness of the scheme is assessed by reviewing
statistics developed from the Coast Guard's Pollution Incident
Reporting System data and records used in administering the
revolving fund. Some of the problems that have been experienced
are discussed and some proposed changes are considered.
C-0991-77
OIL SPILL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION ("SUPERFUND")
Reynolds, J. L. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 15-18. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
Legislation, U.S., Oil Spills, Liability, Compensation, *Superfund
The oil spills liability and compensation system in existence today
ranges from little or no coverage in some instances to duplicative
coverage in other instances. A national fund is proposed that
would eliminate the need for all the other existing funds, would
compensate for spills in any U.S. waters and would provide
coverage at much less cost to the consumer. This paper reviews
the existing system, the problems involved, the proposed Comprehen-
sive Oil Pollution Liability and Compensation system (or "Superfund"),
and the present status of the legislation.
215
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2. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
C-0992-77
U.S. COAST GUARD AND OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS (news brief)
Anon. 1975.
Oregon Commercial Fisheries Newsletter 6(3):4-5.
Regulations, U.S., Ships, Oil transfer, Bilges, Oil discharges,
USCG
A brief review of the U.S. Coast Guard regulations on oil pollution
from uninspected vessels is given. These regulations have been
in effect since 1974 and include oil transfer procedures, bilge
draining, and discharge procedures and deck lighting requirements.
C-0993-77
PUBLISHED REGULATORY GUIDELINES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN TO THE
OIL INDUSTRY IN WESTERN EUROPE
CONCAWE Secretariat. 1976.
Stichting CONCAWE, Report 6/76. 49p.
Oil industry, Regulations, Pipelines, Wastewaters, Guidelines,
Europe
The following guidelines are presented which apply to all or
selected European countries: regulations relevant to the S
content of fuels and gasoline composition; gasoline engine vehicle
emission regulations; present legislation, technical requirements,
and codes for pipelines; environmental noise control regulations;
and liquid effluent discharge limits.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00992. 1977]
C-0994-77
ONSHORE SEGMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
Environmental Protection Agency. 1976.
Federal Register 41(199):44949-44952.
Guidelines, Production, Exploration, Drilling, Wastewaters, EPA,
*0nshore point source category
The proposed guidelines preclude the discharge of wastewater
pollutants into navigable waters from any source associated with
production, field exploration, drilling, well completion, or well
treatment. They limit release of oil and grease to 45 mg/1 for
the beneficial use subcategory and to 100 mg/1 for the other
categories.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00340. 1977]
216
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C-0995-77
ONSHORE SEGMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT SOURCE CATEGORY:
INTERIM FINAL RULE MAKING AND PROPOSED RULE MAKING
Environmental Protection Agency. 1976.
Federal Register 41(199):44941-44948.
Guidelines, Production, Extraction, Oil industry, Wastewaters,
EPA, *0nshore point source category
The EPA has issued effluent guidelines and standards which are
applicable to existing sources for the onshore subcategory, the
coastal subcategory, the beneficial use subcategory, and the
stripper subcategory. The specified limitations are to be
accomplished by the best practicable control technology available.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(1):#77-00339. 1977]
C-0996-77
TEXACO EFFLUENT GUIDELINES FOR PETROLEUM MARKETING STORAGE AND
DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES
Texaco. 1975.
Texaco Draft report to the Environmental Protection Agency, January
1975. lOOp.
Guidelines, Oil industry, Wastewater treatment, Production, Storage,
Distribution, Oil-water separation, Pollution control
In order to expedite resolution of the complex issues involved for
petroleum marketing terminals, Texaco surveyed nine exemplary
terminals having gravity separation to determine the oil and grease
concentrations achievable by application of what the industry deems
to be the 'best practicable control technology currently available'.
A
[from Urbanization and Water Quality Control, W. Whipple, Or. (ed.j.
Minneapolis, Minnesota, American Water Resources Association, 1975.
p. 216, 218.]
C-0997-77
THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY AND COST-EFFECTIVE WATER QUALITY PLANNING
Wiley, M. A. 1975.
Urbanization and Water Quality Control. W. Whipple, Jr. (ed.).
Minneapolis, Minnesota, American Water Resources Association, 1975.
p. 211-218.
Guidelines, Wastewater treatment, Oil industry, Refineries,
Legislation, Water quality, Economics
Legal and economic aspects of oil industry compliance with effluent
guidelines and water pollution control regulations are examined.
Improved legislation is called for to ensure equitable and cost-
effective water quality planning by industries, municipalities,
commerce and small business.
217
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3. AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS
C-0998-77
INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF THE TANKER INDUSTRY
Gray, W. 0., C. J. Carven, and G. L. Becker. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 7-10. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
International conventions, IMCO, Regulations, Tankers, Pollution
prevention
This paper reports on progress during the past two years toward
adoption of the International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (1973 MARPOL) and broadens the subject to
give a perspective on the "family" of IMCO conventions as they
relate to tankers. The paper is divided into the following sections:
technical progress towards IMCO 1973 MARPOL; ratification problems
for IMCO 1973 MARPOL; the "family" of IMCO conventions; conclusions.
C-0999-77
IMCO AND THE EVOLVING INTERNATIONAL SCHEME FOR CONTROLLING MARINE
POLLUTION
Schubert, F. P. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup),
New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 3-6. (American Petroleum
Institute No. 4284)
International conventions, IMCO, Pollution prevention, USCG
The origin, composition and functions of the Intergovernmental
Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) and its expanding role
in protection of the marine environment are described. The
interrelationship between U.S. regulatory processes and IMCO
activities is discussed. As the primary U.S. maritime regulatory
and enforcement agency, the Coast Guard plays a leading role in
IMCO affairs, particularly those concerned with marine polltuion
prevention.
218
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G. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-1000-77
OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bentz, A. P. 1976.
CGR/DC-3/76; USCG-D-41-76. 9p.
Bibliographies, Oil spills, Source identification, Analytical
techniques, Spectroscopy, Spectrometry, Chromatography
The latest state-of-the-art techniques in oil spill identification
are reviewed. Included are low temperature luminescence, field
ionization mass spectrometry, double-beam fluorescence, and dual
detection gas Chromatography. Current research in the field of
oil identification is also covered.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(22):#AD-A029 126/OGA. 1976]
C-1001-77
OCEAN LAW (a bibliography with abstracts)
Brown, R. J.
Report for 1964-October 1976. 236p.
Bibliographies, Legislation, U.S., International agreements, Oceans,
Ships, Offshore drilling, Pollution prevention, Oil spills
This updated bibliography contains 231 abstracts (68 of which are
new entries to the previous edition) covering national and inter-
national laws on fishing, underseas mining, shipping, dredging,
territorial waters, navigation regulations, seafloor minerals,
offshore drilling, and water pollution.
^
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(25):#NTIS/PS-76/0834/2GA.
1976]
C-1002-77
CARCINOGENICITY OF RESIDUAL FUEL OILS BY NONBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
METHODS: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. PART I. LABORATORY METHODS OF
ANALYSIS. PART II. ANALYSIS RESULTS
Cichorz, R. S. 1976.
Contract E (29-2)-3533. NTIS No. RFP-2436. 16p.
Bibliographies, Fuel oils, Carcinogens, PAH, Analytical techniques,
Petroleum products
The literature search is presented as an annotated bibliography,
current as of January 1, 1975. Part I deals with laboratory
chemical and physical methods of determining carcinogenicity and/or
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in residual fuel oils and contains
219
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10 entries. Part II includes the results of testing specific
fuel oils for carcinogenic components and contains 11 entries.
Author index and subject categories are included.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 1(9):#17763. 1976]
C-1003-77
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS: OCCURRENCE AND ANALYSIS -
A PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Martin. A., and M. Blumer. 1975.
Technical report, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, WHOI-75-22.
Bibliographies, PAH, Sources, Fate, Analytical techniques, Chroma-
tography, Spectroscopy, Carcinogens, Crude oil
This bibliography contains 1,055 references on the occurrence of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nature, their origin, composition,
fate and analysis. The majority of citations refer to work reported
between 1970 and mid-1973. Main topics include air and air particu-
lates, automotive, benzo[a]pyrene, carcinogenesis, chromatography,
crude oil and petroleum, extraction, fluorescence, infrared, mass
spectra, water and others.
C-1004-77
OIL WATER SEPARATORS (a bibliography with abstracts)
Smith, M. F. 1976.
NTIS/PS-76/0863/1GA. 126p.
Bibliographies, Oil-water separation, Pollution control, Oil spills,
Recovery, Ballast, Bilges
This NTIS research covers federally sponsored studies on oil water
separators used primarily for pollution control. Included are
centrifuge separators, coalescers, filters, oil spill recovery,
and ballast and bilge water treatment.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(26):#NTIS/PS-76/0863/lGA.
1976]
220
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SECTION II: CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
Title, contract information and a summary of project objectives are
provided in each entry. Project notices have been obtained from the
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE), and from the
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Sea
Grant Program. Current status information and publications resulting
from the projects are presented when such information is available
from the principal investigators or performing organizations. The
source of status information is given at the end of each entry.
Entries are grouped according to subject and then ordered by serial
number within each subject division. The serial number designates
the original issue of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS in which
the research project is listed:
R-001-74 to R-165-74 EPA-670/2-75-003
July 74 to October 74
R-166-74 to R-244-74 EPA-670/2-75-044
November 74 to February 75
R-269-75 to R-304-75 EPA-600/2-76-113
August 75 to October 75
R-001-76 to R-035-76 EPA-600/2-76-185
November 75 to January 76
R-124-76 to R-l75-76 August 76 to October 76
R-001-77 to R-022-77 November 76 to January 77
R-023-77 to R- -77 February 77 to April 77
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATON
1. MONITORING
R-124-76 (renewal)
LIGHT HYDROCARBONS - OCS
Principal Investigator: Cline, J. D.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environ-
mental Research Labs, Boulder, CO 80302
221
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Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Environmental Research Laboratories.
No. R7120841
6/76 to 9/76
$37,200
The project objective is to determine the temporal and spatial
distributions of the low molecular weight hydrocarbons, Ci-C4,
on the outer continental shelf of Alaska.
[SSIE No. GUK-65-1]
R-126-76 (renewal)
PHYTOPLANKTON - DCS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
Larranee, J. D.
U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Research Labs, Boulder,
CO 80302
U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Land Management. No. R7120844
7/76 to 9/76
$53,900
The project objective is to provide a phytoplankton baseline in
northern Gulf of Alaska for the outer continental shelf studies.
Sampling and analysis of phytoplankton are in progress.
[SSIE No. GUK-70-1]
Supporting Agency:
R-023-77
FISH EGGS AND LARVAE STUDIES
Principal Investigators: Kendall, A. W., F. W. Barvenik, and
D. Judkins
Performing Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Upton, NY 11973
U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration, Biomedical and
Environmental Research Division.
Contract E(30-l)-16
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
A number of energy-related developments, i.e. nuclear plants,
oil fields, and supertanker facilities, are planned or contem-
plated for the continental shelf and coastal regions of the
U.S. Since fish eggs and larvae are particularly susceptible
to damage by oil pollution, entrainment in power plant heat
exchangers, and by limitation of food supply, a study of the
seasonal and spatial distribution, abundance, and condition
of ichthyoplankton stocks in the New York Bight is planned.
[SSIE No. ZPE-mi2-lJ
222
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R-024-77
DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY SEDIMENTS
Principal Investigator: Quinn, J. G.
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, School
of Oceanography, Kingston, RI 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office. Grant No. 04-6-158-
44085
Period: 7/76 to 6/78
The qualitative and quantitative distribution of hydrocarbons
in Narragansett Bay sediment cores is being investigated.
Information obtained will help provide a firm basis to evaluate
current petroleum-related activities in the Bay, and will serve
as a baseline on which decisions concerning future uses can be
made.
[Sea Grant Project Summary, National Sea Grant Program]
2. REMOTE SENSING
R-005-77
MAINTENANCE FOR THE AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (AOSS)
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Aerojet General Corporation, 9236
E. Hall Rd., Downey, CA 90241
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The contract provides for (1) advice and assistance in the
operation and maintenance of the AOSS; (2) system and subsystem
performance evaluation; (3) adjustment, alignment, test and
checkout of the system; (4) troubleshooting and field repair.
[SSIE No. GZ-58334-1]
Status: Evaluation of a U.S. Coast Guard prototype operational
airborne coastal patrol system has been completed. The system
has proven effective for detection, monitoring, and assessment
of offshore oil discharges; search and rescue operations; ice
reconnaisance; and monitoring of foreign fishing activities in
coastal waters. The Coast Guard contracted with Aerojet
ElectroSysterns Company to modify the sensor equipment for
installation into a C-130 aircraft for operational deployment.
Active operations using the modified system were scheduled to
begin in January, 1977.
223
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Reports and Publications
DEVELOPMENT OF U.S. COAST GUARD PROTOTYPE AIRBORNE OIL
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Ketchel, R. J. and A. T. Edgerton. 1973.
Prevention and Control of Oil Spills. Proceedings of Joint
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills,
Washington, D. C., 1973. p. 127-137.
Multispectral sensors, operating from the UV to the micro-
wave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, will form
the system for day/night all-weather airborne monitoring
of oil spills at sea. Aerojet Electrosysterns Company is
the designer.
FLIGHT EVALUATION OF U.S. COAST GUARD AIRBORNE OIL
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Maurer, A., and A. T. Edgerton. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution,
San Francisco, 1975. p. 129-141.
The multi-sensor airborne system has the capabilities of detecting,
mapping and documenting oil spills at sea in all kinds of
weather and at all times of day. The surveillance data
gathered during the test were from natural seeps, controlled
oil spills and routine shipping. Testing revealed each
sensor to be "blind" under certain environmental conditions,
reaffirming the necessity of a multisensor system.
U.S. COAST GUARD AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM STATUS
REPORT
Maurer, A. T., A. T. Edgerton, and D. C. Meeks. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 215-220.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
This paper describes (1) results of prototype operational
evaluation, (2) operational configuration of the C-130
aircraft, in which the sensor equipment will be installed
for deployment, and (3) future plans for the system.
Information Source:
A. T. Edgerton, Aerojet Electrosysterns
Company, 1100 W. Hollyvale St., Azusa, CA
91702
224
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3. ANALYSIS
R-025-77
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF METALS IN PETROLEUM WITH BEACH
SEDIMENT
Principal Investigator: Rule, J. H.
Performing Organization: University of Tennessee, School of
Liberal Arts, W. Cumberland Ave.,
S.W. Knoxville, TN 37916
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology. No. ENV76-18817.
Period: 6/76 to 8/77
Funds: $56,300
Certain physical-chemical relations between crude oil and beach
sediment are being studied. Emphasis is on partitioning of
heavy metals between oil and sediment. This study will be based
on analysis of natural materials collected from beaches along
the Straits of Magellan, Chile-the site of the 1974 grounding
of the Tanker "Metula" which spilled nearly 68 million liters
(18 million gallons) of crude oil.
225
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B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
R-026-77
OIL SLICK CONTROL IN OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENTS
Principal Investigator: Milgram, J. H.
Performing Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
School of Engineering, 77 Massachusetts
Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office. No. R/PO-1.
Period: 7/75 to 6/77
Funds: $20,700
Project objectives are (1) to explore by means of laboratory
experiments the relative importance of turbulence on formation
of polluting oil droplets by tearing them from the bottom of
a contained oil slick, and (2) to devise logistical plans for
oil slick control and cleanup in currents and waves typical of
offshore environments.
[SSIE No. GBP-2379]
Status: A precision flume for studying oil pollution hydrodynamics,
the first facility of this kind known to exist, has been made
operational. The mass transport of oil by ocean waves has been
determined, both theoretically and experimentally, and has been
found to be different from the values in the past for predicting
oil slick movements.
2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-027-77
OIL SPILL EQUIPMENT AND OIL BEHAVIOR IN COLD REGIONS
Principal Investigators: Deslauriers, P. C., and L. A. Schultz
Performing Organization: Arctec, Incorporated, 9104 Red Branch
Rd., Columbia, MD 21045
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Period: Unknown (completed)
Reports and Publications
A COLD REGION OIL POLLUTION BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arctec, Incorporated. 1976.
The bibliography covers the following areas of aquatic and
terrestrial oil pollution: containment, recovery, transfer,
storage, disposal, and oil pollution sensing for cold regions;
burning slicks in cold regions; bi©degradation of oil; and
interaction of oil pollutants with snow and ice environment,
226
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OIL SPILL EQUIPMENT AND OIL BEHAVIOR IN COLD REGIONS
Deslauriers, P. C., and L. A. Schultz. 1977.
Final report, available from NTIS.
Summary not available.
THE APPLICATION OF EXISTING OIL SPILL ABATEMENT EQUIPMENT
TO COLD REGIONS
Schultz, L. A., and P. C. Deslauriers. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), March 8-10, 1977. p. 309-312. (American
Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
A recently completed survey study included a review and
cursory evaluation of oil spill response techniques and
equipment currently used in warmer climates for application
in the more severe environmental conditions of the Arctic.
The survey revealed that while a very limited degree of
oil spill response capability exists for use in cold
regions, a great deal of development work must be under-
taken before a total cold regions oil response capability
will be available.
Information Source: P. C. Deslauriers, Arctec, Inc., 9104 Red
Branch Rd., Columbia, MD 21045
3. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
R-028-77
PETROLEUM - TRANSPORTATION - ENVIRONMENTAL
Principal Investigator: Lifson, W. E.
Performing Organization: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.,
P.O. Box 101, Florham Park, NJ 07932
Supporting Agency: Exxon Corporation
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The contract provides for research and development of processes,
equipment, and techniques to monitor, prevent, and alleviate
potential environmental degradation resulting from oil transportation.
[SSIE No. CA-702-1]
227
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4. WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
R-211-74 (renewal)
BILGE AND BALLAST WATER OIL POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR
NAVAL SHIPS
Principal Investigator: Yu, T. S.
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy, Ship Research and Develop-
ment Center, Annapolis, MD 21402
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN710112
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
The following approaches for the near-term phases of the project
will be applied: development of materials and technology
(using both physical and chemical means) to enhance oil-detergent-
water- separation, improvement of oil-water monitoring and
measuring techniques, and search for a new cleaning agent
formulation which will not produce stabilized emulsion.
[SSIE No. ZQN-710112-6]
R-281-75 (renewal)
SEPARATION OF EMULSIFIED OIL FROM WATER THROUGH IMPROVED
MECHANICAL DEVICE
Principal Investigators: Gloyna, E. F., and C. Wu
Performing Organization: University of Texas, School of
Engineering, 200 W. 21 St., Austin,
TX 78712
Supporting Agency: : University of Texas
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The objective of the research is to design, construct, and
evaluate devices for removing emulsified oil from oily waste-
water. This work is aimed at evaluating the operational
characteristics of these mechanical devices.
[SSIE No. NTX-774]
Status: A new report entitled, "Separation of Free Oil from
Water Following Coalescence", will be released shortly.
Reports and Publications
COALESCENCE OF EMULSIFIED WASTES BY FIBROUS BED
Chieu, J. N., R. S. Schechter, M. J. Humenick, and E. F.
Gloyna. 1975.
Texas University at Austin, Center for Research in Water
Resources; Technical report CRWR-126. 183p.
The feasibility of using a fibrous bed coalescer to
separate emulsified oil from industrial waste streams
228
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and to evaluate system parameters was determined. Several
types of coalescing media were used and four types of oily
wastes were tested to determine the effect of fluid
properties. Contact angle, interfacial tension and oil
viscosity were measured for each system and the results
were compared with the coalescer efficiency.
HIGH RATE FILTRATION OF SOLIDS-STABILIZED OIL-IN-WATER
EMULSIONS
Humenick, M. J., E. F. Gloyna,and B. J. Davis. 1973.
Texas University at Austin, Center for Research in Water
Resources; Technical report CRWR-105. 166p.
The performance of a high rate filtration process in
removing suspended solids and oil in solids-stabilized
oil-in-water emulsions was evaluated. Literature pertaining
to the filtration theory and operation is reviewed.
Information Source: N. Haynes, University of Texas at Austin,
Center for Research in Water Resources,
Route 4, Box 189, Austin, TX 78757
R-029-77
LAND APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES
Principal Investigators: Overcash, M. R., and P. W. Westerman
Performing Organization: University of North Carolina, School
of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Raleigh, VA 27607
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Office of Water Research and Technology.
No. B-100-NC
Period: 7/76 to 6/77
Funds: $33,468
The proposal objectives are: (1) to coordinate available
fundamental and field scale information with actual treatment
mechanisms and calculations to determine land loading rates for
wastewater constituents of several industry categories (textiles,
seafood processing, and petroleum refining); (2) to optimize the
end-of-the-pipe data of objective (1) by including pretreatment
unit processes which precede the plant-soil receiver so that
minimum cost is achieved for the total system and maximum
advantage is gained from the land receiver."
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-103-74
EFFECT OF DIESEL OIL ON STREAM LIFE
Principal Investigator: Patterson, R. R.
Performing Organization: State Department of Game & Fish,
Santa Fe, NM 87501
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Sport Fish & Wildlife,
Federal Aid Division.
No. F-22-R-15-B-2
Period: 4/73 to 3/74
The project will determine repopulation rates of invertebrates
and brown trout in a region of the Cimarron River heavily
affected by diesel oil spillage.
[SSIE No.: GUN-11137]
Reports and Publications
EFFECT OF DIESEL OIL ON STREAM LIFE
Patterson, R. R. 1976.
Final report, Statewide Fisheries Investigations.
Federal Aid Project F-22-R-17, Job No. B-2. 14 p.
Results of three years of sampling the Cimarron River
after an oil spill decimated invertebrate and brown
trout, Sal mo trutta, populations in 19 km (12 mi) of
river indicated that invertebrate populations had
essentially recovered to prespill levels in one year.
The brown trout population increased to about 54% of
prespill numbers in three years.
Information Source: R. R. Patterson, State of New Mexico,
Department of Game and Fish, Santa
Fe, NM 87503
R-46-76 (renewal)
EVALUATION.OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF SECONDARILY TREATED OIL
REFINERY EFFLUENTS TO FISH
Principal Investigators: Burks, S. L., and T. C. Dorris
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Performing Organization: Oklahoma State University,
Reservoir Research Center,
Life Sciences W., Stillwater,
OK 74074
Supporting Agency: Oklahoma Oil Ref. Waste Cont.
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
On-site toxicity evaluations of oil refinery effluents
were made with the use of a mobile bioassay laboratory
trailer equipped for performance of static and continuous-
flow bioassays.
[SSIE No. CH-122]
R-030-77
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS TO ENABLE DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS
OF OIL POLLUTION
Principal Investigators: Glynn, P. W., C. Birkeland,
A. A. Reimer, and J. R. Young
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 401 M St., S.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20460
Supporting Agency: Smithsonian Institution Tropical
Research Institute (STRI).
Contract No. 14-12-874
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The STRI proposes to engage in a program which will lay
the basework for evaluating the biological costs of
future oil spills on tropical and related ecosystems.
The roles of several natural agents of oil pollution
abatement will be examined.
[SSIE No. GTA-64-4]
Reports and Publications
SURVEY.'OF MARINE COMMUNITIES IN PANAMA AND EXPERIMENTS
WITH OIL
Birkeland, C., A. A. Reimer, and J. R. Young. 1976.
Report EPA-600/3-76-028, Contract No. 14-12-874. 176 p.
Effects of oil pollution on tropical intertidal marine
communities were tested by controlled experiments using
tarry Bunker C and volatile marine diesel oils. Bunker
C had a greater detrimental effect than did marine
diesel on coral growth. Marine diesel had a greater
detrimental effect on fouling communities of settling
231
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plates. Susceptibility to oil pollution varied
significantly between individuals.
Information Source: P. W. Glynn, P. 0. Box 2072, Balboa,
Canal Zone
R-031-77
EFFECTS OF MIXED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE FISHES
Principal Investigators: Stegeman, J. J., and D. J. Sabo
Performing Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Main St., Woods
Hole, MA 02543
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Sea Grant Office
No. R/B 5
Period: 7/75 to 6/77
Funds: $85,000
The following areas of research will be determined: the
nature and effects of low levels of petroleum hydrocarbons
on enzymatic processes related to drug or hydrocarbon,
hormone, protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; the
significance of related cellular and ultrastructural
changes; how time-dosage relationships and routes of
hydrocarbon introduction alter the above effects, and
whether these can be reversed by transferring contaminated
fish to uncontaminated water; the characteristics of the
hydrocarbon metabolizing system in marine fish.
[SSIE No. GBP-2481]
Status: The project is ongoing. Several manuscripts are
in preparation.
Reports and Publications
ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF HEPATIC
MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME P-450 FROM A MARINE TElfOST
FISH
Chevion, M., J. J. Stegeman, J. Peisach, and W. E.
Blumberg. 1977.
Life Sciences Vol. 20 (in press).
ASPECTS OF THE METABOLISM OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
ON INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM AND XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM
IN MARINE-FISH
Stegeman, J. J., and D. J. Sabo. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the
232
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Aquatic Environment. American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 423-436. Proceedings
of the Symposium, Washington, D. C., 1976.
In the title study, metabolic function in tissues of
fish exposed to low levels of petroleum contamination
is described. Petroleum hydrocarbons resulted in
altered patterns of lipid metabolism characterized
by a net decline in lipogenesis in the hepatic, gill,
muscle, and brain tissues. Some evidence suggests
that induction of mixed-function oxidases occurs in
fish environmentally contaminated by petroleum.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN HEPATIC MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME P-450
IN SPAWNING TROUT
Stegeman, J. J. 1977.
Federation Proceedings (in press)
Information source: J. J. Stegeman, Woods Hole Oceano-
graphic Institution, Woods Hole,
MA 02543
R-032-77
XENOBIOTIC (HYDROCARBON) METABOLISM BY MIXED FUNCTION
OXIDASES IN ESTUARINE, COASTAL AND OPEN OCEAN FISH SPECIES
Principal Investigator: Stegeman, J. J.
Performing Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
Supporting Agency: National Science Foundation
Period: 3/77 /to 2/78
Some factors potentially contributing to the variability
noticed in hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity in
estuarine and coastal fish species will be investigated.
Factors will include sex, size, season, nutritional de-
privation, and chemical environment, and will be examined
in experimental and environmental samples. A variety of
coastal water and open ocean pelagic and mesopelagic
species from an area with the lowest levels of hydrocarbon
contamination will be surveyed for relative ability to
metabolize hydrocarbons. Results will expand what is
known of the association between environmental contamination
and the response of hepatic mixed-function oxidases in
fish to such contamination, and provide information needed
to assess the validity of using levels of these enzymes as
indicators of biological effects.
[j. Stegeman, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods
Hole, MA 02543]
233
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R-033-77
HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATION IN FOOD CHAINS
Principal Investigator: Whelan, T.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University,
Center for Wetland Resources,
University Station, Baton Rouge,
LA 70803
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Sea Grant Office,
No. R/HSE-1
Period: 7/75 to 3/76
Hydrocarbon concentrations were determined in tissues of
several resident marine organisms at different trophic
levels in a chronically contaminated oil field environ-
ment.- The geographic limits of petroleum contamination
to resident marine organisms were established, based upon
levels of petroleum in surrounding sediments and waters.
[SSIE No. GBP-2529]
Status: Seasonal and climatic concentrations of hydro-
carbon-related compounds in water bodies of natural and
oil-contaminated areas have been determined. Oil field
waters contain 30% to 50% more dissolved organic carbon
than control sites. The alkane and aromatic fractions of
surface sediments from the oil field stations indicate
substantial petroleum derived compounds. Other extractable
sedimentary constituents show no quantitative or qualitative
differences between oil field and natural sediments.
Reports and Publications
THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR'S OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF LEASING PROGRAM
Whelan, J. 1976.
Bureau of Land Management's Environmental Studies
Program for the South Atlantic Outer Continental
Shelf Area, Conference/Workshop Proceedings. M. F.
Massoglia (compiler). Research Triangle Park, N. C.,
Research Triangle Institute, 1976. p. 11-14. Held
at Atlanta, Georgia, 1975.
USDI responsibilities in developing and managing OCS
oil and mineral resources are outlined. They include
the orderly development of such resources, receipt
of fair market value for the leased mineral resources,
and protection of the marine coastal environment.
234
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Information Source: T. Whelan, Louisiana State University,
Center for Wetland Resources, Baton
Rouge, LA 70803
2. CHEMICAL EFFECTS
R-034-77
MESA-CHEMICAL
Principal Investigator: Berberian, G. A.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Research Labs,
Boulder, CO 80302
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Environmental
Research Labs. No. 87121402
Period: 7/76 to 9/76
Funds: $59,300
Distributions and"fluxes of chemical contaminants within
the New York Bight ecosystem are being investigated and
the degree to which anthropogenic wastes may affect the
water column, suspended sediment, and bottom sediment
chemistry is being assessed. Water quality in the apex
is influenced by the Hudson River discharge, photo-
plankton assemblages, and anthropogenic wastes. Bottom
sediments appear to be primarily affected by sewage dis-
charge, oil pollution, and acid-iron waste dumping.
[SSIE No. ZBP-777-2]
3. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-296-75 (renewal)
ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY: INTERFACE CHEMISTRY
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON NAVAL OPERATIONS
Principal Investigators: Garrett, W. D., and W. R. Barger
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy Research Laboratory,
Washington, D. C. 20390
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy
No. DNO 20190
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
235
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Objectives of the oro.iect are: to enhance naval operations
by chemical modification of the air-sea interface, to
evaluate the role of natural, artificial and pollutant
surface films on air-sea interactions, and to determine
the influence of organic films on atmospheric processes.
Based on laboratory, test tank, and field experiments,
surface-active chemicals have been selected for use as sea
markers to control oil pollution at naval ship installations.
[SSIE No. ZQN-20190-3]
R-035-77
FACTORS INFLUENCING DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER,
SEDIMENTS, AND BIOTA IN A STREAM RECEIVING DOMESTIC AND
OIL REFINERY EFFLUENTS
Principal Investigator: Wilhm, J. .
Performing Organization: Oklahoma State University,
School of Arts and Sciences,
Agriculture Hall, Stillwater,
OK 74075
Supporting Agency: Oklahoma State Government
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The contract provides for observation of the effect of
environment disturbances on the distribution and con-
centration of heavy metals in sediments and biota.
[SSIE No. YOK-96]
Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF HIGH DISCHARGE AND AN OIL REFINERY
CLEANUP OPERATION ON HEAVY METALS IN WATER AND
SEDIMENTS IN SKELETON CREEK
Namminga, H. E., and J. Wilhm. 1976.
Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences
56:133-138.
Heavy metal concentrations in water generally de-
creased exponentially with time following high stream
discharge while no significant trends existed in the
distribution of heavy metals in sediments. Copper
concentration in water generally decreased with time
while chromium, lead, and zinc exhibited peak con-
centrations four to eight days after the date
effluents from an oil refinery cleanup were expected
to enter Skeleton Creek. No significant changes in
metal concentrations occurred in the sediments.
236
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HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENTS, AND CHIRONOMIDS
IN A STREAM RECEIVING DOMESTIC AND OIL REFINERY
EFFLUENTS
Namminga, H. E., and J. Wilhm.
To be published in Journal Water Pollution Control
Federation
The distribution of copper, chromium, lead, and
zinc in water, sediments, and chironomids in
Skeleton Creek, Oklahoma were measured; and the
concentrations in cool and warm seasons were
compared. Copper, chromium, and zinc levels in
water were higher in winter than in summer, and
highest concentrations generally occurred just
below the outfall. Metals in sediments were general-
ly higher in summer than in winter and highest con-
centrations occurred farther downstream. Concentra-
tions of heavy metals in chironomid larvae were two
or three orders of magnitude greater than in the
water, but were comparable to levels in sediments.
Information Source: J. Wilhm, Oklahoma State University,
School of Biological Sciences,
Stillwater, OK 74074
R-036-77
OIL SPILLAGE IMPACT STUDY ON WORLD WAR II TANKER SINKINGS
Principal Investigator: Kern, E. C., and D. A. Horn
Performing Organization: Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, School of Engineering,
77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge
MA 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Sea Grant Office.
No. R/PO-2
Period: 7/75 to 6/78
Funds: $33,500
Research is being conducted of available data on World
War II tanker sinkings off the U.S. East Coast to 1)
determine the identifiable impact, both short-and long-
range, on the marine and coastal environment; and 2) to
identify areas where more detailed and definitive
environmental impact studies may be warranted. The work
will ascertain whether useful data exists to improve
the ability to forecast oil spill impacts.
[SSIE No. GBP-2307]
237
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Status: The project was completed December, 1976.
Reports and Publications
IMPACT OF OIL SPILLAGE FROM WORLD WAR II TANKER
SINKINGS
Campbell, B., E. Kern, and D. Horn. 1977.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Report
MITSG 77-4. 85 p.
The overall effects of spilled oil are studied
through an extensive literature and archives search
of data on tankers sunk along the eastern U.S.
coast during World War II. Cape Hatteras, North
Carolina and its surrounding area and the Ashbury
Park area of New Jersey were selected as sites
for the investigation. Results indicated that
effects of the oil spills, as observed by
residents of the areas under examination, were
negligible. In both cases, regional wildlife
and economy survived with minimal difficulty.
Information Source: S. B. Hurd, M.I.T. Sea Grant
Program, 77 Massachusetts Ave.,
Cambridge, MA 02139
238
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D. EFFECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-037-77
POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MARINE RELATED INDUSTRY,
RECREATION, AMD FISHING IN THE NEW HAMPSHIRE COASTAL
ZONE
Principal Investigators: Henry, W. F., and 0. Durgin
Performing Organization: University of New Hampshire,
Resources Development Center,
Durham, NH 03824
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Sea Grant Office.
No, R/ME-1
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $29,600
Among the objectives of this program are: determine the
probable onshore impacts of OCS petroleum exploration
and recovery based on the Coastal Zone Input-Output
Matrix, and assess the public intervention measures
that can be taken to improve the relationships between
costs and benefits of OCS petroleum operations and re-
creation industry developments. The study results will
be valuable in coastal zone management work.
[SSIE No. GBP-2244]
R-038-77
IMPACT ON TEXAS WATER QUALITY OF ENERGY STRATEGIES -
1974-2000
Principal Investigator: Rohlich, G. A.
Performing Organization: State Water Quality Board, Austin,
TX 78711
Supporting Aaency: Texas State Government
Period: " 7/74 to 12/74
The project was designed to assess the impact of meeting
the future energy needs of Texas on water quality and
water resources. Summaries on the water use and de-
gradation due to several energy operations, including
oil and gas production, on and off shore have been
prepared based on best current practices available to
minimize water pollution.
[SSIE No. YTZ-531]
239
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R-039-77
HYDROCARBON EFFECTS ON ESTUARINE CARBON FLUX
Principal Investigator: Turner, R. E.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University,
Center for Wetland Resources,
University Station, Baton Rouge,
LA 70803
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office, No. R/HSE-4.
Period: 7/75 to 8/77
The project aim is to estimate the environmental impact
of oil recovery operations on in situ aquatic estuarine
primary production and salt marsh macrophyte productivity
in Louisiana. A firm statistical design for seasonal
sampling and a variety of approaches to integrating short-
term and long-term effects are planned.
[SSIE No. GBP-2506]
Status: The project is on-going; work is currently
involved in the field research phase. No publications
have been completed at present. Funding for a third
year beginning September, 1977, is anticipated.
Information Source: R. E. Turner, Center for Wetland
Resources, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
R-059-74 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: BIODEGRADATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS
BY YEAST AND YEAST LIKE FUNGI
Principal Investigators: Ahearn, D. G.s and W. L. Cook
Performing Organization: Georgia State University,
School of Arts and Sciences,
33 Gilmer St., S.E., Atlanta,
GA 30303
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense,
Navy. No. DN123203, Contract
N00014-71-C-0145
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Funds: $18,000
To provide a better understanding of how biological
degradation takes place in the marine environment and
its enhancement, the effects of oil soluble toxicants
on growth and ail emulsification by yeasts are being
studied. The factors necessary for optimum nutrient
enrichment and oxygenation for oil degradation by yeasts
are being determined. The assessment of possible
toxicity of selected fungi to marine and estuarine
organisms is being continued.
[SSIE No. GQN-123203-6]
Reports and Publications
MICROBIOLOGICAL CYCLING OF OIL IN ESTUARINE MARSH-
LANDS
Ahearn, D. G., S. A. Crow, and N. H. Berner. 1976.
Estuarine Processes, Uses, Stresses, and Adaptation
to the Estuary. New York, Academic Press, 1976.
Vol. 1. p. 483-492.
This report examines the effects of Louisiana crude
oil and a mixed culture of yeasts on the indigenous
microbial flora. The hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria
and yeasts increased at sites accidentally or ex-
perimentally inundated with crude oil. Marsh
sediments contained low populations of hydrocarbono-
clastic fungi with few strains showing significant
oil-emulsifying properties. In culture, a mixed
culture of Candida maltosa and C_. lipolytica gave
significant emulsification of crude oil and utilized
up to 90% of selected hydrocarbons.
241
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Information Source: D. G. Ahearn, Georgia State University,
School of Arts and Sciences, 33 Gilmer
St., S.E., Atlanta, GA 30303
R-068-74 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT-BIODEGRADATION OF OIL SLICKS IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Bartha, R.
Performing Organization: Rutgers The State University,
School of Arts and Sciences,
Old Queens Building, New
Brunswick, NJ 08903
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense,
Navy. No. DN023175, Contract
N00014-67-A-0115-0005
Period: 7/75 to 8/76
Funds: $17,981
Isolates of microorganisms from oil-soaked beaches and
soil samples.are being examined to obtain species that
are able to grow in the oil phase of an oil-water system.
The metabolic activity of the microorganisms in oil is
being determined and the effect of oleophilic fertilizers
on the rate of growth measured. Mutants of bacteria that
utilize both normal and branched alkanes are being tested
for their ability to increase petroleum degradation in
seawater. Additional work concerns the effects of
stimulated biodegradation on marine ecosystems.
[SSIE No. GQN-23175-7]
Status: The project terminated in August, 1976.
Reports and Publications
EFFECT OF IRON ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN
SEAWATER
Dibble, J. T., and R. Bartha. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(4):544-550.
Studies on South Louisiana crude oil show ferric
octoate, in combination with paraffinized urea and
octylphosphate, to be suitable for treatment of oil
slicks. Nitrogen and phosphorus were also shown
to greatly increase biodegradation in polluted
seawater.
Information Source: R. Bartha, Rutgers The State
University, School of Arts and
Sciences, Old Queens Bldg., New
Brunswick, NJ 08903
242
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R-116-74 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: MICROBIAL METABOLISM OF HYDROCARBONS
UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE MARINE CONDITIONS
Principal Investigators: Traxler, R. W., and A. M. Cundell
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island,
Agricultural Experiment Station,
Administration Building, Wakefield,
RI 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN475025, Contract N00014-76-C-0318
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Funds: $15,000
This study employs isolates from environments with a
temperature range from -2.5 to 20°C; liquid-liquid and
vapor-liquid phase culture systems are being used to
measure cyclic hydrocarbon metabolism. Component analyses
of the fine structure are being made to define the nature
of the intracellular deposit found in hydrocarbon grown
cells. Laboratory data is being compared to data from a
fuel oil spill study in Narragansett Bay.
[SSIE No. GQN-475025-3]
R-216-74(renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Principal Investigators: Gibson, D. T., and H. J. Rohlich
Performing Organization: University of Texas, School of
Natural Sciences, 200 W. 21 St.,
Austin, TX 78712
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN323091, Contract N00014-76-C-0102
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Funds: $20,000
This work on microorganisms that preferentially attack
aromatic hydrocarbons found in crude oil provides for the
successful treatment of oil spills. Emphasis is placed
on the pathways of degradation of these compounds by
organisms that can use them for growth.
[SSIE No. GQN-323091-3]
R-299-75 (renewal)
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS FOR ENHANCED PRO-
DUCTION OF PROTEIN FROM PETROLEUM
Principal Investigator: Chakrabarty, A. M.
Performing Organization: General Electric Company, 1
River Rd., Schenectady, NY 12305
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Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Biological and Medical
Sciences. No. BMS75-10978.
Period: 5/76 to 5/77
Funds: $30,000
A large number of aromatic and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbon metabolizing pathways will be screened
and analyzed genetically in several Pseudomonas species
to characterize the transmissable plasmid nature of the
genes specifying these pathways. Multi-plasmid single
strains will be constructed to be used for enhanced
production of protein from petroleum or for rapid cleanup
of oil spills on rivers and lakes.
[SSIE No. GSB-16385-1]
Reports and Publications
MICROBIAL GENETIC ENGINEERING. AN EVALUATION OF
BENEFITS AND BIOHAZARDS
Chakrabarty, A. M. 1977
Genetic Engineering. Cleveland, CRC Press Inc., 1977.
23 p.
Three areas of genetic engineering research are
discussed by the author: oil spill cleanup, enhanced
production of methane from cellulosic wastes, and
functional expression of bacterial nitrogen fixation
genes in plants. The reasons for the genetic develop-
ment of a multi-plasmid pure culture for oil spill
cleanup, the methods used, and an assessment of bio-
hazard potentials in using these microorganisms
for this purpose are presented in Section I.
Information Source: A. M. Chakrabarty, General Electric
Company, 1 River Rd., Schenectady,
NY 12305
R-027-76 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: MICROBIAL METABOLISM OF HYDROCARBONS
UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXTREME COLD
Principal Investigator: Atlas, R. M.
Performing Organization: University of Louisville, School
of Arts and Sciences, 129 E.
Broadway, Louisville, KY 40208
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN475257, Contract
N00014-76-C-0400
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Funds: $15,531
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Summer field work concerned with monitoring changes in
microbial populations of Alaskan coastal waters exposed
to petroleum hydrocarbons is being conducted along with
the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory. The effects of oil
on essential microbial processes (nitrogen fixation and
photosynthesis) are being studied. Experiments are being
done to determine if oil is degradable when the sea is
frozen.
[SSIE No. 6QN-475257-3]
2. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
R-l55-76 (renewal)
DISTRIBUTION OF SPILLED OIL IN RELATION TO BEACH MORPHOLOGY
Principal Investigator: Hayes, M. 0.
Performing Organization: University of South Carolina,
School of Arts and Sciences,
Administration Building, Rm. 115,
Columbia, SC 29208
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology.
No. ENV76-06898-A01
Period: 12/76 to 2/77
Funds: $9,000
Research was begun on the oil-contaminated beaches of
the Straits of Magellan after the 1974 Metula grounding
to develop a land-form classification of these beaches and
to measure the distribution of oil. Under the present
grant, the beaches have been classified by types, profiles
drawn, oil distribution defined, and permanent survey
markers installed. This research is designed to measure
the rate of erosion-deposition of sediments occurring
on the beaches by revisiting the study areas six months
after the original trip and re-measuring the beach profiles
using the permanent survey points as reference markers.
[SSIE No. GSQ-1455-1]
R-169-76
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE FOOD WEB
Principal Investigator: Lee, R. F.
Performing Organization: Skidaway Institute of
Oceanography, Savannah, GA 31406
245
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an
'4
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Ocean Sciences,
No. OCE74-05283 A01
Period: 3/76 to 2/77
Funds: $57,000
The objective of the proposed research is to further
the understanding of the uptake, metabolism, storage,
and discharge of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine
phytoplankton and zooplankton. The distribution of a
hydrocarbon within tissues, induction of hydrocarbon-
degrading enzymes after oil exposure, and identification
of hydrocarbons by both radiolabeled and non-labeled
types in petrogenic metabolites will be studied in four
phyla of benthic invertebrates. Microbial degradation
work will involve the addition of C-hydrocarbon to inshore
d offshore water samples followed by a collection of
and water soluble products.
[SSIE No. GSN-1 508-2]
Reports and Publications
METABOLISM OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE
SEDIMENTS
Lee, R. F. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the
Aquatic Environment. American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1976. p. 333-344. Proceedings
of the Symposium, American University, Washington,
D.C., 9-11 August 1976.
Thirty-nine recent studies on the metabolism and
biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by benthic
microbes and other marine organisms are synthesized
to trace- the general pathways of hydrocarbon break-
down in marine sediments.
MONITORING OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Lee, R. F. 1976.
Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environmental Research.
Part 2 - Guidelines for the Use of Biological
Accumulators in Marine Pollution Monitoring. J. E.
Portmann (ed.). Rome, Food and Agricultural
Organization of the United Nations, 1976. p. 38-47.
(FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 150)
246
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Analytical studies of the uptake, bioaccumulation,
and metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine
animals are reviewed. The relation of these studies
to the selection of marine organisms for monitoring
these hydrocarbons is examined. Based on present
evidence, bivalves, specifically clams, oysters and
mussels, appear to be a group of animals which are
suitable for monitoring purposes.
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS TAKEN UP FROM FOOD AND
WATER BY THE BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS
Lee, R. F., C. Ryan, and M. L. Neuhauser. 1976.
Marine Biology 37(4):363-370.
Radiolabeled aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons
were taken up from food and water by the blue crab
Callinectes sapidus; about 10 percent of the hydro-
carbons were assimilated. More than 50 percent of
the radioactivity assimilated was in the hepato-
pancreas. Twenty-five days after exposure, radio-
activity was found only in the hepatopancreas,
suggesting that this organ was the site of hydro-
carbon metabolism. No evidence was found of hydro-
carbon storage by any of the crab tissues.
Information Source: R. F. Lee, Skidaway Institute of
Oceanography, Savannah, GA 31406
247
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SECTION HI: CURRENT CONFERENCES
*Additional information not available at time of publication.
Jan. 17 - FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in Relation to
Feb. 27 Protection of Living Resources, 5th, Manila, Philippines,
1977.
Sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations and the Swedish International Development
Authority.
The theme of the workshop is entitled "Scientific and
Administrative Basis for Management Measures"
OiT Pollution Related Papers
POLLUTION BY OIL
Wisaksono, W.
Various aspects of marine oil pollution in Southeast
Asia are reviewed and pertinent statistics are tabulated.
Included are the sources of oil from shipping and tanker
accidents or discharges; the characteristics of oil and
methods of identifying oil pollutants; the general fate
of oil 1n the ocean; areas likely to be affected by
spills; biological/environmental effects of oil spills
and chronic oil discharges; and immediate and long-
term effects of oil pollution.
OIL POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Wisaksono, W.
Presently available methods and materials for curtailing,
containing, and cleaning up oil spills in the marine
environment are outlined. The advantages or environmental
disadvantages of each method are briefly pointed out based
on experience gained in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.
FFI contact Dr. H. Naeve, Fishery Resources Officer^ Fishery
Resources and Environment Division, FAO Department of
Fisheries, Via delle Terme di Caracal!a, 00100 Rome, Italy.
248
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Feb. 27- Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Mar. 4 Spectroscopy, 28th, Cleveland, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session: Environmental Analysis Iv- Toxic substances
HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF WATER IN SIMULATED OIL SPILLS
Shaw, D. G. , L. Clement, and B. J. Snarski
Oil Identification Symposium I
QUANTITATIVE EFFECTS OF WEATHERING ON GAS CHROMATOGRAMS
OF OILS
Flanigan, G. A., and A. P. Bentz
QUANTITATIVE EFFECTS OF WEATHERING ON INFRARED SPECTRA
OF OILS
Gronlund, W. R., C. P. Chamberlain, and A. P. Bentz
DESCRIPTIVE MEASUREMENTS OF DIFFERENCES IN FLUORESCENCE
SPECTRA
Chien, Y. T., T. J. Killeen, and J. R. Jadamec
USE OF NITROGEN-SENSITIVE DETECTOR FOR OIL IDENTIFICATION
Flanigarv, G. A.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNTHETIC FUELS BY LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MATRIX ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY
Wehry, E. L., G. Mamantor, E. R. Hinton, R. R. Kemmerer,
R. C. Stroupe, and G. Goldstein
CHEMICAL COMPOUND TYPES IN PETROLEUM RESIDUES
McKay, 0. F., P. 0. Amend, T. E. Cogswell, P. M.
Harnsberger, R. B. Erickson, and P. R. Latham
ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM FROM MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Brown, C. W. , M. Ahmadjian, P. F. .Lynch, and F. E.
FrankVin
Oil Identification Symposium II
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON CONTINUOUS FLUORESCENCE
EMISSION IDENTIFICATION OF HPLC ELUATES
Jadamec, J. R., W. A. Saner, E. Kallet, and S. Cravitt
FLUORESCENCE AND LOW-TEMPERATURE LUMINESCENCE STUDIES
ON WEATHERED OILS
Eastwood, D., M. S. Hendrick, and S. H. Fortier
IMPROVED IDENTIFICATION OF OILS BY LOW-TEMPERATURE
TOTAL LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Brownrigg, J. T., A. W. Homig, and H. Coleman
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN OIL IDENTIFICATION BY TOTAL
LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Giering, L. P., and A. W. Homig
249
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COMPARISON OF FLUOROMETRIC INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES
APPLIED TO OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION
He!man, D. L., and J. Macemon
FINGERPRINTING CRUDE OILS WITH LOW-TEMPERATURE
DERIVATIVE FLUOROMETRY
Kolb, D. A., W. V. Miller, and K. K. Shearin
COMPUTER IDENTIFICATION OF OIL TYPES (OR SPILLS)
Pyne, C. C., and J. D. Johnson
ANALYSIS OF OILS BY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AND NMR
Frank, U., and M. Gruenfeld
FFI contact John Graham, Program Chairman, Koppers Company,
Inc., 440 College Park Drive, Monroeville, PA 15146.
Mar. 20-25 ACS National Meeting, 173rd, New Orleans, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Symposium on Developments in Molecular Fluorescence
and Phosphorescence Analysis
Paper 27
PROGRESS IN FLUORESCENCE AND LOW TEMPERATURE LUMINESCENCE
TECHNIQUES FOR OIL IDENTIFICATION
Eastwood, D., S. H. Fortier, and M. S. Hendrick
Paper 28
APPLICATION OF LUMINESCENCE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
AROMATIC MIXTURES
Hornig, A. W., J. T. Brownrigg, and L. P. Giering
General Session - Gas Chromatography
Paper 56
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF
WATER-SOLUBLE ORGANICS IN BILGE AND BALLAST WATERS
Lysyj, I., and E. C. Russell
FFI contact A. T. Winstead, American Chemical Society,
1155 16th St. N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036.
*Mar. 26-28 Changing Seabird Populations of the North Atlantic,
Aberdeen, Scotland, 1977.
Sponsored by the British Ornithologists Union; British
Trust for Ornithology; Royal Society for the Protection
of Birds, Seabird Group; Scottish Ornithologists Club;
Wildfowl Trust
250
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Conference topics will include the effects.of human
activity, oil development, and chemical pollution on
seabirds.
FFI contract Chris Mead, British Trust for Ornithology,
Beech Grove, Tring, Herts HP23 5NR, UK.
Mar. 27-29 National Petroleum Refiners Association Annual Meeting,
75th, San Francisco, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Environmental Control Session
THE BP EFFLUENT TREATMENT PROCESS
Oldham, G. F.
REFINERY USE OF ROTATING BIOLOGICAL SURFACES IN WASTE
WATER TREATING
Knowlton, H. E.
MEMBRANE PROCESSES FOR REFINERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT
Kremen, S. S.
Refinery Process Session
CONVERSION OF RESIDUAL OILS INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS
Gould, G. D.
FFI contact National Petroleum Refiners Association, 1725
De Sales St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Apr. 12-14 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement, 52nd,
Norman, Oklahoma, 1977.
Sponsored by the University of Oklahoma Center for Continuing Education
The purpose of the intensive 3-day seminar, which includes
over 100 lectures by instructors from universities and the
petroleum industry, is to provide expert instruction in
the measurement and handling of hydrocarbons.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Paper L-37
THE ROLES OF EPA & INDUSTRY IN PROTECTING OUR ENVIRONMENT
Karkalik, E. J.
Paper L-41
LEAK DETECTION ON PETROLEUM PIPELINES
Hackman, R. L.
FFI regarding published proceedings, contact Dr. Laurance
S. Reid, P. 0. Box 1188, Norman, OK 73070
251
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Apr. 18-21 Annual WWEMA Industrial Pollution Conference, 5th,
Atlanta, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 8: Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry Case
Histories
MEETING COST-EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS WITH
ORBAL SYSTEM FOR REFINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Takach, H. J., and W. M. Throop
TREATMENT OF OIL REFINERY WASTEWATERS WITH GRANULAR
AND POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON
DeJohn, P., and J. P. Black
FFI contact Water & Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers
Association, 7900 Westpark Dr., Suite 304, McLean, VA
22101.
Apr. 22-23 Oil spills and the Law, ALI-ABA-Course, Philadelphia, 1977.
Sponsored by the American Law Institute and American Bar
Association.
The course deals with legal aspects of oil spills resulting
from production and transfer and transportation of oil.
Discussed are regulatory schemes designed to prevent spills
and their effects, as well as damage liability systems and
oil spill litigation. The course refers to state and
federal laws, international agreements, and possible
changes -in the law.
Course Program
LAWS AND REGULATIONS TO PREVENT SPILLS FROM OFFSHORE
EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONS AND PIPELINE
TRANSPORT
Radlinski, W. A., C. C. Smith, Jr., and J. J. Zedrosser
LAWS AND CONVENTIONS TO PREVENT TANKER SPILLS
Greenberg, E. V. C. , C. R. Hallberg, and C. C. Smith, Jr.
LAWS AND REGULATIONS WITH RESPECT TO CONTAINING AND
CLEANING UP OIL SPILLS
Hallberg, C. R., W. A. Radlinski, C. C. Smith, Jr.,
and J. J. Zedrosser
LAWS AND PRIVATE AGREEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO LIABILITY
FOR OIL SPILLS
Greenberg, E. V. C., C. R. Hallberg, T. H. Kurtz, C. C.
Smith, Jr., and J. T. Ward
252
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OIL SPILLS LITIGATION: THE SANTA BARBARA EXPERIENCE
McNichols, R.
OIL SPILLS LITIGATION: PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LITIGATING
VESSEL SPILLS
Kurtz, T. H., and J. T. Ward
FFI contact Donald M. Maclay, Director, Courses of Study,
ALI-ABA, 4025 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Apr. 24-27 Environmental Technology '77, Annual Technical Meeting
and Equipment Exposition, 23rd, Los Angeles, 1977.
Sponsored by the Institute of Environmental Sciences.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session A3: Management Aspects of Environmental Studies
REGULATORY THINKING AND OFFSHORE EXPLORATION
Mahmood, A., and H. M. Meadow
FFI contact Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 East
Northwest Highway, Mt. Prospect, IL 60056.
Apr. 25-27 Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants,
7th, Lake Lanier Island, Georgia, 1977.
Sponsored by EPA, University of Georgia* and Division of
Analytical Chemistry and Division of Environmental
Chemistry of the American Chemical Society.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Paper 2
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT:
CHARACTERIZATION BY CAPILLARY GC-MS AND LOW VOLTAGE
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Giger, W.
A procedure for isolating trace quantities (ppm) of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from various
environmental samples is detailed. The technique
utilizes a sequence of gel filtration and adsorption
chromatography followed by glass capillary gas
chromatography to quantitatively determine individual
PAH's. Directly-coupled mass spectrometry, mass
chromatography, probe distillation, and low voltage
mass spectrometry are then applied to identify and
describe the different PAH's.
253
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Paper 4
ORGANIC MARKER COMPOUNDS
Hertz, H. W.
Marker compounds are useful both as indicators of the
presence of a larger group of compounds, and as internal
and/or external standards for the quantitation of trace
level constituents in a natural sample. The applicability
of this concept is illustrated by a quantitative deter-
mination of weight percent of petroleum hydrocarbons in
an environmental sample.
Paper 15
THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PROGRAM OF
ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING FROM AIRCRAFT
Melfi, S. H.
The EPA program for environmental remote sensing is
outlined and the advantages of remote sensing are
pointed out. Remote sensing systems that have proven
useful in this program include passive imaging
techniques such as photography, thermal and multi-
spectral scanners, and active laser systems for remote
measurement of atmospheric and subaqueous contaminants.
Applications of remote sensing include locating,
mapping and documenting major oil spills, and guiding
spill containment and cleanup efforts.
FFI contact Ms. E. McGarity, Environmental Research
Laboratory, College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30601.
Apr. 25-29 International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment,
llth, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Poster Sesstion E
Paper PI 06
PROTOTYPE ACTIVE SCANNER FOR NIGHTTIME OIL SPILL MAPPING
AND CLASSIFICATION
Sandness, G. A., and S. B. Ailes
Poster Session F
Paper PI 28
U.S. COAST GUARD AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM:
STATUS REPORT
Maurer, A. T., A. T. Edgerton, and D. C. Meeks
FFI contact Dr. Jerald J. Cook, Environmental Research
Institute of Michigan, P.O. Box 618, Ann Arbor, MI 48107.
254
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*May 2-5 Annual Offshore Technology Conference, 9th, Houston,
1977.
Sponsored by American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical
and Petroleum Engineers; American Association of Petroleum
Geologists; American Institute of Chemical Engineers;
American Society of Civil Engineers; American Society of
Mechanical Engineers; Marine Technology Society; Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Society of
Exploration Geophysicists; and Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers.
FFI contact Program Manager, Offshore Technology
Conference, 6200 North Central Expressway, Dallas, TX
75206.
*May 9-12 API Refining Department Midyear Meeting, 42nd, Chicago, 1977.
FFI contact American Petroleum Institute Publications and
Distribution Section, 2101 L. St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037.
*May 10-13 Annual Conference on Great Lakes Research, 20th, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, 1977.
FFI contact Dr. Andrew Robertson, 2300 Washtenaw Ave.,
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
*May 16-18 Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, 4th, Quebec City,
Quebec, 1977.
,'
FFI contact Dr. J. Kruus, Technical Program Chairman, 4th
Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Canada Centre for
Remote-Sensing, 2464 Sheffield Rd., Ottawa, Canada.
*May 17-20 Oil Sands Symposium '77, Edmonton, Alberta, 1977.
Sponsored by the Petroleum Society of the Canadian Institute
of Mining and Metallurgy.
Topics include environmental aspects of oil sands
extraction and production.
FFI contact D. A. Redford, Oil Sands Symposium '77,
c/o Alberta Research Council, 11315 87th Ave., Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada.
*May 29- Joint Conference of the American Chemical Society and the
June 3 Chemical Institute of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, 1977.
FFI contact M. W. Kirkwood, Du Pont of Canada, Ltd.,
P.O. Box 660, Montreal, Quebec H3C 2V1, Canada.
255
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Master List of Keywords
S:
SA:
See
See also
Absorption
Activated sludge
Acute effects
Adriatic Sea
Adsorption
Aegean Sea
Africa
Alaska
Alaska coast
Alaska, Gulf of
Algae ... SA: Phytoplankton
Analytical techniques ...
SA: Chemical analysis; Source
identification
Animals
Annelids ... SA: Polychaetes
Antarctica
API
Arabian Sea
Arcti c
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Argo Merchant Spill
Aromatic hydrocarbons ...
SA: Hydrocarbons; PAH
Asia
Atlantic coast
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Bacteri a
Bahamas
Ballast
Baltic Sea
Bantry Bay
Barent Sea
Beaches
Beaufort Sea
Behavior
Belgium
Bengal, Bay of
Benthos
Bering Sea
Bermuda coast
Bibliographies
Bilges
Biodegradation
Biological effects ... SA:
Toxicity; Acute effects;
Chronic effects
Biomass
Birds
Biscay, Bay of
Black Sea
BLM
Blowout prevention
Booms
Brazi1
California
California coast
California, Southern
Canada
Carcinogens ... SA: Health hazards; PAH
Caribbean Sea
Caspian Sea
Chedabucto Bay
Chemical analysis ... SA: Analytical
techniques; Source identification
Chemical effects
Chesapeake Bay
Chile
China
Chromatography
Chronic effects
Cleanup ... SA: Recovery; Containment
Coagulation
Coalescence
Coasts
Colorado
Compensation
Connecticut
Conservation
Containment
Contaminants
Contamination
Contingency planning
Coral reefs
Cost analysis
Crankcase oil
Crude oil
Crustaceans
Decomposition
Delaware
256
-------
Delaware Bay
Denmark
Design and engineering
Detection ... SA: Monitoring;
Chemical analysis
Development ... SA: Offshore
development
Dispersants
Dispersions
Disposal ... SA: Waste oil
disposal; Wastewater
disposal
Distillation
Distribution
Drift ... SA: Movement;
Spreading
Drilling ... SA: Offshore
drilling; Oil wells
East China Sea
Echinoderms
Economic effects
Economics
Ecosystems
Ecuador
Effluent treatment ... S:
Wastewater treatment
EIS
Emulsification
Emulsifiers
Emulsions
Engineering ... S: Design and
engineering
England
English Channel
Environmental deterioration
Environmental effects
Environmental Impact Statement ...
S: EIS
Environmental management
Environmental protection
EPA
ERDA
Europe
Evaporation
Exploration ... SA: Offshore
exploration; Production
Extract!on
Fate
FEA
Filtration ... SA: Flocculation
Finland
Fish
Fisheries
Flocculation ... SA: Filtration
Florida
Florida coast
Flotation
Food web
Foreign governments
Fossil fuels
France
Freshwater
Fuel oil
Fuels
Fungi
Gas, liquid chromatography ...
S: Chromatography
Gasoline
Georgia
Germany, East
Germany, West
Gibralter, Strait of
Government agencies ... SA: U.S.
Government, State governments
Great Lakes
Groundwater
Guidelines ... SA: Manuals
Habitat
Harbors
Health hazards ... SA: Carcinogens
Hydrocarbons ... SA: Aromatic
hydrocarbons; Crude oil, PAH
IMCO
Incineration
India
Indian Ocean
Indonesia
Industries ... SA: Oil industry
Information systems
Infrared spectroscopy ...
S: Spectroscopy
Inland
Insurance
International agreements
International conventions ...
SA: Regulations; Legislation
Intertidal zone
Invertebrates
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
257
-------
Japan, Sea of
Korea
Kuwait
Labrador Sea
Lakes ... SA: Great Lakes
Latin America
Law enforcement
Leakage
Legislation ... SA: Regulations;
International conventions
Liability
Louisiana
Lubricating oil
Magellan, Strait of
Maine
Malaysia
Manuals ... SA: Guidelines
Marine mammals
Marine organisms
Marshes
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mass spectroscopy ...
S: Spectroscopy
Mediterranean Sea
Metabolism
Metula spill
Mexi co
Mexico, Gulf of
Microorganisms ... SA: Algae;
Bacteria; Fungi; Yeasts
Middle East
Mississippi River
Models
Mo Husks
Monitoring ... SA: Detection;
Remote sensing; Sampling
Movement ... SA: Spreading;
Drift
Narraganset Bay
Natural seepage
Netherlands
Neuston
New "Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Niche
North Carolina
North Sea
North Vietnam
Norway
Norwegian Sea
Oceans
OCS
Offshore development
Offshore drilling
Offshore exploration
Offshore pipelines
Offshore production
Ohio
Oil ... S: Crude oil; Fuel oil;
Lubricating oil, Crankcase oil;
Waste oil
Oil discharges
Oil fields ... SA: Production
Oil-gas leasing
Oil industry
Oil shale
Oil slicks
Oil spills
Oil tanks
Oil transfer
Oil transport
Oil-water separation ... SA: Wastewater
treatment
Oil wells ... SA: Drilling; Production;
Offshore drilling, Offshore production
Okhotsk, Sea of
Onshore impacts
Oregon
Oxidation ... SA: Biodegradation;
Weathering
Pacific Ocean
PAH
Patent
Pennsylvania
Personnel training
Petroleum ... S: Crude oil
Petroleum products
Petrochemicals
Petroleum industry ... S: Oil industry
pH control
Philippines
Physical effects
Phytoplankton
Pipelines ... SA: Offshore pipelines
Plankton ... SA: Phytoplankton;
Zooplankton
Plants
Platforms
Pollution control
258
-------
Pollution prevention ... SA:
Environmental protection;
Contingency planning
Polychaetes
Ports
Portugal
Precipitation
Production ... SA: Offshore
production; Drilling;
Offshore drilling
Prudhoe Bay
Puerto Rico
Puget Sound
Reclamation ... SA: Recyling;
Reuse
Recovery ... SA: Cleanup
Recycling ... SA: Reclamation;
Reuse
Red Sea
Refineries
Refining
Regulations ... SA: Legislation;
International conventions
Release
Remote Sensing ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
Resource management
Restoration
Reuse ... SA: Reclamation;
Recycling
Rhine River
Rhode Island
Rivers
Ross Sea
Safety
Sampling ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
San Francisco Bay
Santa Barbara Channel
Sargasso Sea
Saudi Arabia
Scotland
Seawater
Sedimentation
Sediments
Segregated ballast
Ships ... SA: Tankers
Shorelines
Sinking agents
Skimmers
Sludge
Social effects
Socio-economic effects
Soi 1
Solid wastes
Solubility
Solution
Solvents
Source identification
South Africa
South Carolina
South China Sea
Spain
Spectrometry
Spectrescopy
Spreading ... SA: Movement; Drift
St. Lawrence River
Standing Crop
State Governments ... SA: U.S.
Government; Government agencies
Statistical analysis
Statistics
Storage
Streams
Superports ... S: Ports
Supertankers ... S: Tankers
Surfactants
Surveillance
Sweden
Syria
Tankers ... SA: Ships
Tar
Tar sands
Texas
Torrey Canyon
Toxicity ... SA: Biological effects
Tropical regions
Turkey
UK
Uptake
U.S.
USCG
U.S. Government ... SA: State governments;
Government agencies
USGS
USSR
Vegetation
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virginia
Virgin Islands
Wales
Washington
Waste oil
259
-------
Waste oil disposal ... SA: Disposal
Waste oil treatment
Wastewaters
Wastewater disposal ... SA: Disposal
Wastewater treatment
Water quality
260
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SUBJECT INDEX
THE SUBJECT INDEX IS A PERMUTED INDEX THAT LISTS
ALPHABETICALLY THE KEYWORDS AND CORRESPONDING CITATION
NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH ABSTRACT IN SECTIOK I (EACH
INDEX NUMBER APPEARS IN THE FORM C- -77). THESE
KEYWORDS ARE SELECTED FROM THE MASTER LIST, P. 256,
FREE LANGUAGE TERMS WHICH ARE INCLUDED TO GIVE MORE
SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT AN ENTRY ARE PRECEDED BY
A « SIGN IN THE SUBJECT INDEX.
0485 ABSORPTION, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, SHIPS, SOLVENTS, SPECTROSCOPY, »LASER BEAM,
0528 ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0588 ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0607 ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0613 ABSORPTION, WASTE OIL, CLEANUP, PATENT,
0618 ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, RIVERS, ESTUARIES, HARBORS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA,
•OHMSETT,
0627 ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, SURFACTANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OSN,
0670 ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, WASTE OIL, PATENT, »METALLURGICAL PUMICE,
0702 ABSORPTION, WASTEWATSR TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0764 ACCUMULATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS , WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, CONTAMINATION,
MOLLUSKS, FOOD WEB, »FOOD CHAIN, *3,4-BENZOPYRENE,
0674 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, GUIDELINES,
0679 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WAS7SWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, CONTAMINANTS, 'BIOCHEMISTRY,
0783 ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY SYSTEM,
0628 ADSORPTION, CONTAMINANTS, PATENT, *POLYURETHANE FOAM,
0681 ADSORPTION, WASTEWATSR TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PRECIPITATION, PH CONTROL,
PATENT,
0683 ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, »PQLYOLEFIN,
0690 ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREA-TMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, »DETERGENTS,
0703 ADSORPTION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, PATENT,
0969 ADSORPTION, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, SPREADING, SOLUTION,
EMULSIFICATION, DECOMPOSITION,
0972 ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, RIVERS, ATLANTIC COAST, PAH, BIODEGRADATION,
0777 AFRICA/SOUTH, CONSERVATION, BIRDS, RESTORATION, 'JACKASS PENGUIN,
0907 AFHICA/SOUTH, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, PATENT,
0458 ALASKA, PIPELINES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS,
•TRANS-ALASKA WPELINE,
OU59 ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, «COLD BAY,
0173 ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'KACHEMAK BAY,
0523 ALASKA, SAMPLING, BENTHOS, ESTUARIES, WATER QUALITY, 'EPIFAUNA,
0583 ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, PIPELINES, *OIL SPILL FUND,
0646 ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA,
0761 ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, «WAT,ER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS, "LARVAL STAGES,
•SHRIMP, "CRABS,
0773 ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS,
0803 ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, INVERTEBRATES,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
0841 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OCS,
0860 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
REGULATIONS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0873 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE MAMMALS, 'BASELINE
STUDIES,
0874 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, BIRDS, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0875 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, BIRDS, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0876 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
08T7 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
BEAUFORT SEA, BERING SEA, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0878 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
'BASELINE STUDIES,
0879 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, PLANKTON , BENTHOS,
FISHERIES, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0880 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OCS,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIODEGPADATION,
BIRDS, *BASELIKE STUDIES,
BENTHOS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISH, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT,
261
-------
0881 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, MICROORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0882 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, BIODEGRADATION,
HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0883 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'BASELINE STUDIES, 'PHYSICAL
OCEANOGRAPHY, 'METEOROLOGY,
0884 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'BASELINE STUDIES, 'GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS, 'MARINE GEOLOGY,
0885 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'BASELINE STUDIES, 'GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS,
0886 ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ICE, ARCTIC OCEAN, 'BASELINE
STUDIES,
090U ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
0906 ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ARCTIC,
0463 ALASKA/GULF OF, NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0584 ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST
ANALYSIS,
0963 ALASKA/GULF OF, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, DRIFT, OCS,
0539 ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MEXICO/GULF OF, MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
SAMPLING,
0760 ALGAE, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL, METABOLISM, BENTHOS,
0780 ALGAE, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, VEGETATION, LAKES, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
0767 ALGAE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'ANKISTRODESMUS,
0809 ALGAE, CRUDE OIL, 'NAPHTHALENE, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER, METABOLISM, 'CHLAMYDOMONAS
ANGULOSA,
0488 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, DETECTION, WASTEWATERS, 'LIGHT SCATTERING,
•PARTICULATES, 'OIL-IN-WATER,
0490 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, TAR, SAMPLING,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0528 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DETECTION,
0531 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
0543 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION,
0547 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINANTS,
•BY-PRODUCT WATERS,
0554 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, DRILLING , WATER QUALITY, 'DRILLING MUDS,
0564 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY, EXTRACTION, SOLVENTS, 'DETERGENTS, 'OIL-IN-WATER,
0565 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, SAMPLING, USCG,
0567 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, USCG,
0757 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE
ORGANISMS, COASTS,
0928 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIODECRADATION, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, 'PETROLEUM VARIETIES,
1000 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
1C02 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FUEL OIL, CARCINOGENS, PAH, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1003 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PAH, SOURCES, FATE, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, CARCINOGENS, CRUDE OIL,
0649 ANIMALS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ESTUARIES, PLANTS,
MONITORING, FLORIDA,
0791 ANIMALS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, 'IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE,
0813 ANIMALS, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, PLANTS, USN,
0597 API, DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0958 API, FATE, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0971 API, FATE, TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0470 ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL , ECOSYSTEMS,
0614 ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ICE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CANADA, 'CLEAN SWEEP,
0615 ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, REMOTE SENSING, STORAGE, DISPOSAL ,
0776 ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, VEGETATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA,
0813 ARCTIC, ANIMALS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, USN,
0890 ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, CANADA,
0900 ARCTIC, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BEAUFORT SEA,
0901 ARCTIC, EXPLORATION , PRODUCTION , ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, WILDLIFE, OIL
SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0906 ARCTIC, ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS,
0951 ARCTIC, ICE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CANADA, 'BLOWOUTS, 'OIL-IN-ICE,
0974 ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING, SOLUTION,
EMULSIFICATION, TAR,
0886 ARCTIC OCEAN, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ICE, 'BASELINE
STUDIES,
0450 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, TAR, "LIBERIAN TANKERS,
0457 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC COAST, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0456 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, 'OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, 'SANSINENA
SPILL,
0457 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC COAST, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0480 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS, CLEANUP,
0482 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, SPREADING, MOVEMENT,
• ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0580 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, USCG,
262
-------
0821
0828
0833
0536
0556
0761
0788
0789
0798
0799
0922
0923
0457
0457
0758
0846
0856
0858
0896
0897
0972
0482
0195
0835
0865
0868
0869
0889
0893
0898
0899
0930
0936
0524
0605
0786
0908
0910
0912
0913
0915
0916
0917
0920
0922
0924
0930
0933
09 3 A
0940
0946
0947
0489
0494
0672
0694
1004
0936
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TOXICITY, FATE, HYDROCARBONS,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKEHS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, TOXICITY,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, REGULATIONS,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOLUBILITY,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOLUBILITY, *ALKYLBENZENES,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ACCUMULATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, CONTAMINATION,
MOLLUSKS, FOOD WEB, 'FOOD CHAIN, '3,4-BENZOPYRENE,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, «MORONE SAXATILIS, "BENZENE,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, *MODIOLUS DEMISSUS, 'CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA, «PETRO-SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, 'RESPIRATION, "GROWTH,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, MARINE ORGANISMS, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, 'MAMMALS,
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGPADATION, PAH, CARCINOGENS, MICROORGANISMS,
ATLANTIC COAST, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC COAST, AHGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARtES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WEATHERING, PLANKTON ,
FISH, BENTHOS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MOVEMENT,
CONTAMINANTS', *SOUTHEASTERN U.S., ERDA,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ERDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES,
CHRONIC EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
DELAWARE,
ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OCS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
OIL SPILLS, CALIFORNIA COAST, MEXICO/GULF OF,
ATLANTIC COAST, ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, RIVERS, PAH, BIODEGRADATION,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING,
SPREADING, MOVEMENT,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, MONITORING, TAR, SAMPLING, DISTRIBUTION,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, OCS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, MONITORING, GUIDELINES,
BLM,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION,
HEALTH HAZARDS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, OCS, BLM,
OCS, EIS, 'GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK,
OIL SPILLS, OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, »RISK
ATLANTIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
ANALYSIS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA, POLLUTION CONTROL,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MICROORGANISMS, BARENT SEA, BALTIC
SEA,
SEDIMENTS,
BACTERIA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, MICROORGANISMS, TAR
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,'BIODEGRADATION, PATENT,
BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, MICROORGANISMS,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, 'NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, 'MICROBIAL GENETIC ENGINEERING,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL, OIL WELLS, SOIL, 'PETROLEUM WASTE,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, 'SUPERMICFOBES,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, COASTS, FRESHWATER,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE
ISLAND,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, 'ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, 'MULTI-PLASMID MICROORGANISMS,
BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, 'MAMMALS,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, PAH, MICROORGANISMS, CARCINOGENS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, 'HEXADECANE, 'ORGANIC SUBSTANCES,
BIODEGRADATION, FUEL OIL, SOIL,
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CASPIAN SEA, USSR,
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MONITORING, SAMPLING, FATE,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, 'COLGATE CREEK,
BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
BALLAST, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, SHIPS, BILGES,
BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, PATENT,
BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKERS, MOLLUSKS, 'MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS,
BALLAST, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY, BILGES,
BALTIC SEA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MICROORGANISMS, 3ARENT
SEA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
263
-------
0936 BARENT SEA, BALTIC SEA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
MICROORGANISMS,
0161 BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, TANKERS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS,
JAPAN,
0475 BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
0965 BEACHES, METULA SPILL, FATE, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ESTUARIES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
0979 BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANKTON ,
BENTHOS, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
0497 BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, WATER QUALITY,
0518 BEAUFORT SEA, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, "OPTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0574 BEAUFORT SEA, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, BOOMS, 'ICE RIDGE KEEL,
0722 BEAUFORT SEA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ICE,
0877 BEAUFORT SEA, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, BENTHOS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BERING SEA, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0890 BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA,
0900 BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
0967 BEAUFORT SEA, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, DRIFT, SHORELINES, OCS, 'STORM MODELING,
0756 BEHAVIOR, FUEL OIL, »KEROSENE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSKS, 'SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, 'LOBSTER, 'MUD SNAIL,
0759 BEHAVIOR, FISH, CONTAMINATION, BENTHOS, 'SUNKEN OIL, 'OIL-CONTAINING PREY, "FEEDING,
0771 BEHAVIOR, FISH, 'NAPHTHALENES, DISTRIBUTION, UPTAKE, RELEASE, 'STRESS, *FUNDULUS
SIMILUS,
0808 BEHAVIOR, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
•CLAM, 'MACOMA BALTHICA,
0951 BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, ICE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CANADA, 'BLOWOUTS, 'OIL-IN-ICE,
0952 BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, PIPELINES, CANADA, INLAND,
0953 BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, 'SURFACE WATERS, 'WATER-SOLUBLE
FRACTIONS
0976 BEHAVIOR, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0660 BELGIUM, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0661 BELGIUM, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'SURFACE WATERS,
0523 BENTHOS, ALASKA, SAMPLING, ESTUARIES, WATER QUALITY, 'EPIFAUNA,
0526 3ENTHOS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TAR, 'ABYSSAL
DEPTHS,
0758 BENTHOS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WEATHERING,
PLANKTON , FISH,
0759 BENTHOS, BEHAVIOR, FISH, CONTAMINATION, 'SUNKEN OIL, 'OIL-CONTAINING PREY, 'FEEDING,
0760 BENTHOS, ALGAE, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL, METABOLISM,
0877 BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BERING SEA, 'BASELINE STUDIES,.
0879 BENTHOS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, PLANKTON ,
FISHERIES 'BASELINE STUDIES
0931 BENTHOS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0979 BENTHOS, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANKTON,
CHEDABUCTO BAY,
0877 BERING SEA, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0793 BERMUDA, TAR, INTERTIDAL ZONE, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS,
0832 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1000 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS,-SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGHAPHY,
1001 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LEGISLATION, US, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OCEANS, SHIPS, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
1002 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, FUEL OIL, CARCINOGENS, PAH, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1003 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH, SOURCES, FATE, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, CARCINOGENS, CRUDE OIL,
1004 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BALLAST, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY, BILGES,
0494 BILGES, BALLAST, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, SHIPS,
0507 BILGES, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER-SEPARATION, PATENT,
0680 BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, 'TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM,
0701 BILGES; OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0992 BILGES, REGULATIONS, US, SHIPS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, USCG,
1004 BILGES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BALLAST, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS,
RECOVERY,
0553 BIODEGRADATION, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEAWATER,
0587 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, TOXICITY,
0593 BIODEGRADATION, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS; OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, BV TENT, 'NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
264
-------
0594 BIODEGRADATION, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, PATENT, «»ITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0595 BIODEGRADATION, DISPEBSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, PATENT, "i ITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0605 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, PATENT,
0633 BIODEGRADATION, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, PLANTS, • FERTILIZERS,
0669 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, HYDROCARBONS, MANUALS, 'DEBRIS,
0826 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOURCES, CLEANUP, RECOVS3Y, »BOOK
REVIEW,
0880 BIODEGRADATION, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, DCS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0882 BIODEGRADATION, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT. OCS,
HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, »BASELINE STUDIES,
0906 BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC, ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS,
0907 BIODEGRADATION, AFRICA/SOUTH, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, PATENT,
0908 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, 'NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT,
0909 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SOIL, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, 'OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE,
0910 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, «MICROBIAL GENETIC ENGINEERING,
09H BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, FRESHWATER, ECOSYSTEMS,
0912 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, WASTE OIL, OIL WELLS, SOIL, 'PETROLEUM WASTE,
0913 BICDEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, "SUPERMICROBES,
0914 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0915 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, COASTS, FRESHWATER,
0916 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE
ISLAND,
0917 BIODECRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, »ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS,
0918 BIODEGRADATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, RECYCLING,
0919 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, OCEANS, MICROORGANISMS, 'NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS,
0920 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, 'MULTI-PLASMID MICROORGANISMS,
0921 BIODEGRADA.TIOH, HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, »OIL BIODEGRADATION RATE,
0922 BIODEGRADATIOK, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, *KAMMALS,
0923 BIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PAH, CARCINOGENS, MICROORGANISMS,
0924 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, PAH, MICROORGANISMS, CARCINOGENS,
0925 BIODEGRADATION, FUELS, MICROORGANISMS, 'SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT FUEL,
0926 BIODEGRADATION, GASOLINE, GROUNDWATER, 'NUTRIENT ADDITION,
0927 BICDEGRADATION, GASOLINE, GBOUNDWATER, PENNSYLVANIA, 'NUTRIENT ADDITION,
0928 BIODEGRADATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, 'PETROLEUM VARIETIES,
0929 EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
0930 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0931 BIODEGRADATION, BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0932 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, SEAWATER,
0933 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, 'HEXADECANE, 'ORGANIC SUBSTANCES,
093* BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, FUEL OIL, SOIL,
0935 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, DECOMPOSITION, MICROORGANISMS, MODELS, 'NUTRIENT
DEMAND,
0936 BIODEGRADATION, BARENT SEA, BALTIC SEA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
MICROORGANISMS,
0937 BIODEGEADATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MICROORGANISMS,
0938 BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS,
09^9 BIODEGRADATION, FUEL OIL, MICROORGANISMS, FRESHWATER, 'CONTINUOUS CULTURE,
0940 BIODEGHADATION, BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, PETPOLEUM PRODUCTS, CASPIAN SEA, USSR,
09«1 BIODEGFADATICN, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS,
OXIDATION,
09«2 BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL,
GROUNDWATER, USSR,
09«3 BIODEGRADATION, PETROCHEMICALS, MICROORGANISMS, METABOLISM,
09^4 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SOIL, MONITORING, MODELS,
0945 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
0946 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, MONITORING, SAMPLING, FATE,
0947 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, 'COLGATE CREEK,
0948 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS,- METABOLISM, MICROORGANISMS, 'BUTADIENE,
0957 BIODEGBADATION, OIL- SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, OXIDATION, TAR,
0970 EIODEGRADATION, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, FATE, SPREADING, EVAPORATION,
0972 BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC COAST, ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, RIVERS, PAH,
0977 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, OXIDATION, EVAPORATION,
•PHOTOOXIDATION,
0467 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS; POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
0478 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING,
0552 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS,
•WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION,
0626 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, MARSHES, MANUALS,
0706 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, REUSE, DISPOSAL,
0755 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, BIRDS, MONITORING, 'REPRODUCTION,
265
-------
0756 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, FUEL OIL, 'KEROSENE, CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSKS, "SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, "LOBSTER, "MUD SNAIL,
0758 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, WEATHERING,
PLANKTON , FISH,
0765 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, EMULSIONS, CRUSTACEANS, "SHRIMP, "ENZYME ACTIVITIES,
0766 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, SAN FRANCISCO BAY,
0767 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
MARSHES, CORAL REEFS, FLORIDA COAST,
0768 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, PUGET SOUND,
0770 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, BIRDS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, METABOLISM, FOOD WEB,
•EGGS,
0773 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS,
0775 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, •LOBSTER, "HOMARUS AMERICANUS,
0776 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, VEGETATION, OIL SPILLS, CANADA,
0779 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MARINE MAMMALS, METABOLISM, "SEALS,
0781 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, MOLLUSKS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
•MARSH GRASS,
0782 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, VEGETATION, MICROORGANISMS, SOIL, CANADA,
0787 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, CRUDE OIL, 'ANKISTRODESMUS,
0788 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, FISH, "MORONE SAXATILIS, 'BENZENE,
0792 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, PLANTS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MALAYSIA, "PIONEER MANGROVE,
•AVICENNIA INTERMEDIA,
0793 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERMUDA, TAR, INTERTIDAL ZONE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,
0795 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, MOLLUSKS, "SCALLOPS, "PECTEN
YESSOENSIS,
0797 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL REGIONS,
COASTS, PUERTO RICO, "MANGROVES, 'TURTLE GRASS,
0800 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, RESTORATION, STREAMS, INVERTEBRATES, FISH,
NEW MEXICO ,
0802 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, SEDIMENTS, FUEL OIL, POLYCHAETES, METABOLISM,
"FEEDING ACTIVITY, "ARENICOLA MARINA,
0805 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, POLYCHAETES, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, "NEANTHES
ARENACEOOENTATA,
0808 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, CRUDE OIL, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
"CLAM, "MACOMA BALTHICA,
0810 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, FISH,
0812 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUSTACEANS, "BARNACLES, "CHTHAMALUS
FISSUS,
0814 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
C815 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, DISPERSONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, "SPECIES DIVERSITY,
0817 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FISH, METABOLISM, ESTUARIES, "MULLET,
0832 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, ESTUARIES,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0835 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE
ORGANISMS, DCS,
0836 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0839 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, FISH, WILDLIFE, "US FISH & WILDLIFE
SERVICE,
0880 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, OCS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0904 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS,
CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
0958 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, FATE, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0979 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTS, PLANKTON,
CHEDABUCTO BAY,
0419 BIRDS, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, UK, "MORTALITY,
0474 BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WILDLIFE, CHESAPEAKE BAY, USCG,
0635 BIRDS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SOLVENTS, DELAWARE, "OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
0755 BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MONITORING, "REPRODUCTION,
0770 BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, METABOLISM, FOOD WEB,
•EGGS,
0777 BIRDS, AFRICA/SOUTH, CONSERVATION, RESTORATION, "JACKASS PENGUIN,
0874 BIRDS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0875 BIRDS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0876 BIRDS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0500 BLM, MONITORING, OCS, COASTS, EIS, OIL-GAS LEASING, REGULATIONS, "ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES PROJECT,
0865 BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, MONITORING,
GUIDELINES,
0869 BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, OCS,
0903 BLM, OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OCS,
0743 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING , DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0751 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ICE, DISPERSANTS, CONTAINMENT,
INCINERATION
266
-------
0753 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA,
0897 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, TANKERS,. OIL TRANSPORT,
OIL SPILLS, CALIFORNIA COAST, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0900 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DRILLING.
0569 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'HIGH CURRENTS,
0570 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0571 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0573 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA, «OHMSETT,
0574 BOOMS, BEAUFORT SEA, CONTAINMENT, OIL SLICKS, »ICE RIDGE KEEL,
0575 BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RIVERS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, US, "DETROIT-ST.
CLAIR RIVER SYSTEM,
0598 BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•OHMSETT,
0602 BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, STORAGE, FRANCE,
0608 BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0621 BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, SKIMMERS, EPA, «OHMSETT,
0627 BOOMS, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, SURFACTANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0964 BOOMS, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSIONS, CONTAINMENT, MODELS, 'DISPERSIVE OIL LOSSES,
0611 CALIFORNIA, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, "OAKLAND ESTUARY,
•TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM,
0646 CALIFORNIA, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0853 CALIFORNIA COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ONSHORE
IMPACTS,
0897 CALIFORNIA COAST, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, TANKERS,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0452 CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, TANKERS, OIL INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT, »SANSINENA EXPLOSION,
0187 CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MONITORING, PAH, MOLLUSKS, CARCINOGENS, 'MUSSELS,
»BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0505 CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION,
0859 CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS,
0860 CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, REGULATIONS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0165 CANADA, OIL SPILLS, »SALT .WATER SPILLS, STATISTICS, PIPELINES, "ALBERTA,
0575 CANADA, BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RIVERS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US, "DETROIT-ST.
CLAIR RIVER SYSTEM,
0601 CANADA, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, "CANADIAN COAST GUARD,
0604 CANADA, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, "MAYTON OIL SPILL,
0614 CANADA, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ICE, .DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0620 CANADA, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0621 CANADA, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, EMULSIFICATION,
0634 CANADA, RESTORATION, SOIL, OIL SPILLS,
0712 CANADA, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING,
0715 CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, OIL INDUSTRY,
0716 CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
0719 CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, "RESOURCE SENSITIVITY KAPS, "BRITISH
COLUMBIA,
0723 CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, COASTS,
0724 CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
0769 CANADA, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, FISH, "AOUATIC LIFE,
0776 CANADA, BIOLOGICAL'EFFECTS, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, VEGETATION, OIL SPILLS,
0782 CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, VEGETATION, MICROORGANISMS, SOIL,
0890 CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0951 CANADA, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, ICE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, "BLOWOUTS, "OIL-IN-ICE,
0952 CANADA, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, PIPELINES, INLAND,
0486 CARCINOGENS, MONITORING, PAH, COASTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SAMPLING,
"FLUORIMETRY, "COASTAL WATERS,
0487 CARCINOGENS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MONITORING, PAH, MOLLUSKS, "MUSSELS,
•BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0819 CARCINOGENS, PAH, MOLLUSKS, ESTUARIES, OREGON, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, »BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0923 CARCINOGENS, BIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PAH, MICROORGANISMS,
0924 CARCINOGENS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, PAH, MICROORGANISMS,
0978 CARCINOGENS, PAH, FATE, DECOMPOSITION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1002 CARCINOGENS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, FUEL OIL, PAH, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1003 CARCINOGENS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH, SOURCES, FATE,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, CRUDE OIL,
0820 CARIBBEAN SEA, OIL SPILLS, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FISHERIES, "GUATEMALA,
0940 CASPIAN SEA, .BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, USSR,
0979 CHEDABUCTO BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT,
SEDIMENTS, PLANKTON
267
-------
0980 CHEDABUCTO BAY, FUEL OIL, SEDIMENTS, FATE, WEATHERING, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM,
MOLLUSKS,
0163 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALASKA/GULF OF, NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS,
0486 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, MONITORING, PAH, COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SAMPLING,
•FLUORIMETRY, 'COASTAL WATERS,
0192 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, DETECTION,
0505 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION,
0509 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, METABOLISM, »BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0520 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, PACIFIC OCEAN, »TANKER ROUTES,
0522 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOURCES, DISTRIBUTION,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0526 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, TAR, 'ABYSSAL
DEPTHS,
0527 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SLICKS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, DETECTION,
0529 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEAWATER,
0530 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, FISH, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING,
•FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
0532 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, ZOOPLANKTON, SOURCES, DISTRIBUTION, MEXICO/GULF OF,
•BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0533 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, 'PHENOLS, "SURFACE WATERS,
0531 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATERS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, «GAS CHROHATOGRAPHY,
0535 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GASOLINE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION,
0536 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, SOLUBILITY,
0537 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, FISH,
0538 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, SAMPLING,
0540 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, FISH, 'SHRIMP,
•SQUID, 'H-PARAFFINS,
0541 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, 'INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, 'TENNESSEE RIVER,
0542 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS,
FUELS, WASTEWATERS,
0544 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGHAPHY, PAH, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'SHELLFISH,
0545 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, 'LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0546 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, CHHOMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, 'WATER ANALYSIS,
0549 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOLVENTS,
'N-PARAFFINS,
0550 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, 'EELS, 'ORGANIC SULFIDES,
0551 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATERS, MONITORING,
0552 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS,
•WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION,
0553 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGFADATION, DISPERSANTS, SEAWATER,
0555 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
•LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0556 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, SOLUBILITY, 'ALKYLBENZENES,
0557 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, CONTAMINANTS, 'SOLVENT EXTRACTION, »IR
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
0558 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, SOIL, 'THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0559 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'INFRARED ANALYSIS, DETECTION, 'OIL-IN-WATER,
0560 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, DETECTION, LAKES,
WASHINGTON,
0561 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
•SEWAGE, 'URBAN RUNOFF, REGULATIONS, DELAWARE,
0562 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
0563 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, 'WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
0566 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, OIL SPILLS, INCINERATION,
0568 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
DISTRIBUTION, SARGASSO SEA,
0589 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, 'DILUTION RATE,
0770 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, FOOD WEB,
•EGGS,
0808 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, CRUDE OIL, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS,
•CLAM, 'MACOMA BALTHICA,
0815 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, DISPERSONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, 'SPECIES DIVERSITY,
0881 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0977 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, OXIDATION, EVAPORATION,
•PHOTOOXIDATION,
0474 CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WILDLIFE, USCG,
0475 CHESAPEAKE BAY, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
268
-------
0705 CHESAPEAKE BAY, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, INCINERATION, "BLACK OIL,
0781 CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, MOLLUSKS,
•MARSH GRASS,
09*5 CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES,
0917 CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGHADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, 'COLGATE CREEK,
0486 CHROMATOCRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, MONITORING, PAH, COASTS, SAMPLING,
•FLUORIMETRY, 'COASTAL WATERS,
0499 CHROMATOGRAPHY, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, DETECTION, SEDIMENTS, »OIL-IN-WATER,
•BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS-;
0509 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, METABOLISM, «BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0527 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SLICKS, SPECTROSCOPY, DETECTION,
0529 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER,
0531 CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, SPECTROMETRY,
053" CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATERS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, 'GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0535 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GASOLINE, GROUNDHATER, CONTAMINATION,
0537 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH,
0539 CHROMATOGRAPHY, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, MEXICO/GULF OF, MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
SAMPLING,
0510 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, *SHRIMP,
•SOUID, »N-PARAFFINS,
0512 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS,
FUELS, WASTEWATERS,
0514 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, MARINE ORGANISMS, •SHELLFISH,
0515 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, 'LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0516 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SPECTROMETRY, SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, "WATER ANALYSIS,
0517 CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINANTS,
•BY-PRODUCT WATERS,
0519 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOLVENTS,
•N-PARAFFINS,
0550 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, »EELS, "ORGANIC SULFIDES,
0555 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
•LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0558 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, SOIL, "THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0560 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, DETECTION, LAKES,
WASHINGTON,
0563 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
0565 CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
SPECTROSCOPY, SAMPLING, USCG,
0568 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, SPECTROMETRY,
DISTRIBUTION, SARGASSO SEA,
0977 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, OXIDATION, EVAPORATION,
•PHOTOOXIDATION,
1000 CHROMATOGRAPHY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY,
1003 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH, SOURCES,
FATE, SPECTROSCOPY, CRUDE OIL,
0757 CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CONTAMINATION, MARINE
ORGANISMS, COASTS,
0783 CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY SYSTEM,
0791 CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANIMALS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, "IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE,
0794 CHRONIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, CRUDE OIL, PLATFORMS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0806 CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, FISH, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM,
0811 CHRONIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, MOLLUSKS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0856 CHRONIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ERDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL
DISCHARGES,
0451 CLEANUP, TANKERS, OIL TANKS, 'EXPLOSIONS, "SAFETY SYSTEMS,
0456 CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, 'OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, »SANSINENA
SPILL,
0459 CLEANUP, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, »COLD BAY,
0461 CLEANUP, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, TANKERS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, DISPERSANTS,
JAPAN,
0467 CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SURVEILLANCE,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
0470 CLEANUP, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL, ECOSYSTEMS,
0474 CLEANUP, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WILDLIFE, USCG,
0480 CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS,
269
-------
0512 CLEANUP, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, LAW ENFORCEMENT, EPA,
0580 CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, USCG,
0581 CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
0583 CLEANUP, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, PIPELINES, »OIL SPILL FUND,
0584 CLEANUP, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST
ANALYSIS,
0585 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'OLEOPHILIC SPONGE,
0586 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SEAWATER, MOLLUSKS, OXIDATION, »WATER PURIFICATION, "MUSSELS,
•MYTILUS EDULIS,
0587 CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY,
0593 CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, 'NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0594 CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, 'NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0595 CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, 'NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0597 CLEANUP, API, DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0599 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ECONOMICS, TEXAS, 'CORPUS CHRISTI,
0601 CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, 'CANADIAN COAST GUARD,
0603 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, HECOVERY, COST ANALYSIS,
0604 CLEANUP, CANADA, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, 'MAYTON OIL" SPILL,
0605 CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, PATENT,
0606 CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, EPA,
0607 CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0609 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, HARBORS, USN, 'DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM,
0611 CLEANUP, CALIFORNIA, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, 'OAKLAND ESTUARY,
•TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM,
0613 CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, WASTE OIL, PATENT,
0616 CLEANUP, TANKERS, OIL TANKS, SURFACTANTS,
0617 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS,
0619 CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA, 'OHMSETT,
0626 CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, MANUALS,
0627 CLEANUP, BOOMS, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, SURFACTANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0635 CLEANUP, BIRDS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOLVENTS, DELAWARE, 'OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
0670 CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, PATENT, 'METALLURGICAL PUMICE,
0710 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
TEXAS,
0712 CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING,
0714 CLEANUP, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, HECOVERY,
RESTORATION,
0715 CLEANUP, CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, OIL INDUSTRY,
0717 CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
0718 CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL FIELDS, NORTH SEA,
•BP FORTIES OILFIELD,
0721 CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, GASOLINE, OIL INDUSTRY, 'STANDARD OIL CO.
INDIANA,
0722 CLEANUP, BEAUFORT SEA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, ICE,
0723 CLEANUP, CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, COASTS,
0725 CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ECONOMICS, 'LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS,
0738 CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, MONITORING,
USN,
0742 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG, 'EQUIPMENT DELIVERY
SYSTEM,
0746 CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, 'FOREST INDUSTRY,
0752 CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, INLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0772 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SEDIMENTS, CONTAINMENT, MAINE, 'TOMANO SPILL,
0823 CLEANUP, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT, COST ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
0825 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANTS, SHORELINES,
PORTUGAL,
8826 CLEANUP, BIODEGPADATION, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOURCES, RECOVERY, 'BOOK
REVIEW,
0908 CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, 'NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT,
0910 CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, 'MICROBIAL GENETIC ENGINEERING,
0959 CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS, SPREADING, EMULSIFICATION-, WEATHERING,
0990 CLEANUP, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, LIABILITY, COST ANALYSIS, 'FEDERAL WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL ACT,
0576 COAGULATION, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, PATENT, 'POLYMERS,
0692 COAGULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, PATENT,
0663 COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0664 COALESCENCE, DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
270
-------
0665 COALESCENCE, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0672 COALESCENCE, BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0686 COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0689 COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0119 COASTS, BIRDS, CONTAMINATION, UK, 'MORTALITY,
0160 COASTS, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, SPAIN, 'SHELLFISH, »URQUIOLA SPILL,
0177 COASTS, OIL SPILLS, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, MODELS, GREAT LAKES , "DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS,
0186 COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, MONITORING, PAH, SAMPLING,
•FLUORIMETRY, "COASTAL WATERS,
0500 COASTS, BLM, MONITORING, OCS, EIS, OIL-GAS LEASING, REGULATIONS, "ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES PROJECT,
0510 COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, CONTAMINANTS, OIL SLICKS, EUROPE, "NIMBUS SATELLITE,
0639 COASTS, PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, "DEEPWATER
PORTS,
0723 COASTS, CLEANUP, CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS,
0757 COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CONTAMINATION,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0797 COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL
REGIONS, PUERTO RICO, "MANGROVES, "TURTLE GRASS,
0829 COASTS, CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, "ECOLOGY,
0851 COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OIL SPILLS, WATER
QUALITY, ESTUARIES,
0851 COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
MEXICO/GOLF OF,
0862 COASTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, NEW YORK,
0888 COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, REFINERIES, PORTS, FLORIDA, GUIDELINES,
0915 COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, FRESHWATER,
0973 COASTS, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PORTS, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE,
0849 COLORADO, OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, EIS,
0989 COMPENSATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, OIL SPILLS, WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ECONOMICS, "LEGAL AS'PECTS,
0991 COMPENSATION, LEGISLATION, OS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, "SUPER-FUND,
0668 CONSERVATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DISPOSAL,
0673 CONSERVATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, "WATER REUSE,
0777 CONSERVATION, BIRDS, AFRICA/SOUTH, RESTORATION, "JACKASS PENGUIN,
0569 CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "HIGH CURRENTS,
0570 CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0571 CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0572 CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RIVERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "HYDROFOIL DEFLECTORS,
0573 CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA, "OHMSETT,
057«' CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SLICKS, "ICE RIDGE KEEL,
0575 CONTAINMENT, CANADA, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RIVERS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US, "DETROIT-ST.
CLAIR RIVER SYSTEM,
0575 CONTAINMENT, COAGULATION, OIL SPILLS, PATENT, "POLYMERS,
0581 CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST
ANALYSIS,
0608 CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0612 CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, "COLLECTION BARGE,
0615 CONTAINMENT, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, REMOTE SENSING, STORAGE, DISPOSAL,
0622 CONTAINMENT, LEAKAGE, GASOLINE, OIL TANKS, RECOVERY, GROUNDWATER,
0621 CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, EPA, "OHMSETT,
0733 CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, DETECTION, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL,
0751 CONTAINMENT, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ICE, DISPESSANTS,
INCINERATION,
0753 CONTAINMENT, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA,
0772 .CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, MAINE, "TOMANO SPILL,
0961 CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSIONS, MODELS, "DISPERSIVE OIL LOSSES,
0190 CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, TAR, SAMPLING,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0510 CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, EUROPE, "NIMBUS SATELLITE,
0531 CONTAMINANTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0515 CONTAMINANTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, "LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0517 CONTAMINANTS, CHROMATOGHAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION,
"BY-PRODUCT WATERS,
0557 CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, "SOLVENT EXTRACTION, *IR
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
0628 CONTAMINANTS, ADSORPTION, PATENT, "POLYURETHANE FOAM,
0663 CONTAMINANTS, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
271
-------
0671 CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION, 'FLOCCULANT-POLYELECTROLYTES,
0675 CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, 'INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT,
0679 CONTAMINANTS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, 'BIOCHEMISTRY,
0691 CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, HYDROCARBONS, "VACUUM STRIPPING,
0697 CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EXTRACTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0822 CONTAMINANTS, OCEAN,
0810 CONTAMINANTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, SPREADING, DISPERSIONS, PLATFORMS, OIL TRANSPORT,
0816 CONTAMINANTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
MOVEMENT, 'SOUTHEASTERN U.S., ERDA,
0904 CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OCS, MONITORING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
04H9 CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIRDS, UK, 'MORTALITY,
OU60 CONTAMINATION, COASTS, OIL SPILLS, SPAIN, "SHELLFISH, «UFQUIOLA SPILL,
0«91 CONTAMINATION, BILGES, BALLAST, MONITORING, SHIPS,
0517 CONTAMINATION, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, 'REMOTE LUMINESCENT
SENSOR,
0525 CONTAMINATION, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, 'EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS, HARBORS, NEW YORK,
DISTRIBUTION,
0535 CONTAMINATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GASOLINE, GROUNDWATER,
0552 CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS,
*WATER—SOLUBLE FRACTION
0631 CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION) INLAND, SOIL, OIL FIELDS, 'BRINES,
0757 CONTAMINATION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, FATE,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0759 CONTAMINATION, BENTHOS, BEHAVIOR, FISH, 'SUNKEN OIL, 'OIL-CONTAINING PREY, 'FEEDING,
0762 CONTAMINATION, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, ESTUARIES, 'MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASES,
*FUMDOLUS HETEROCLITUS
0764 CONTAMINATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ACCUMULATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
MOLLUSKS, FOOD WEB, 'FOOD CHAIN, '3,4-BENZOPYRENE,
0768 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PUGET SOUND,
0772 CONTAMINATION, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, MAINE, 'TOMANO SPILL,
0783 CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY SYSTEM,
0791 CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANIMALS, HYDROCARBONS, 'IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE,
0795 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, 'SCALLOPS, 'PECTEN
YESSOENSIS,
0797 CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL
REGIONS, PUERTO RICO, 'MANGROVES, 'TURTLE GRASS,
0802 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, FUEL OIL, POLYCHAETES, METABOLISM,
•FEEDING ACTIVITY, 'ARENICOLA MARINA,
0810 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, FISH,
0827 CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PUGET SOUND,
0829 CONTAMINATION, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, 'ECOLOGY,
0830 CONTAMINATION, SHORELINES, JAPAN, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0832 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, ESTUARIES,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0861 CONTAMINATION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0863 CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•PRODUCED WATERS,
0961 CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, FATE, CRUDE OIL, MODELS, GROUNDWATER,
0962 CONTAMINATION, FATE, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, CRUDE OIL, GROUNDWATER, 'PERSISTENCE,
0966 CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, HYDROCARBONS, MOVEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0971 CONTAMINATION, API, FATE, TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0153 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, 'NATO,
0575 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CONTAINMENT, CANADA, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RIVERS, US, 'DETROIT-ST.
CLAIR RIVER SYSTEM,
0591 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, COST ANALYSIS,
0597 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, API, DISPERSANTS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0710 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
TEXAS,
0711 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, USCG,
•HIATUSPORT EXERCISE,
0712 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
0715 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, OIL INDUSTRY,
0716 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, US, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
0717 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
0718 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL FIELDS, NORTH SEA,
•BP FORTIES OILFIELD,
0719 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, 'RESOURCE SENSITIVITY MAPS, 'BRITISH
COLUMBIA,
0720 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SANTA BARBARA
272
-------
CHANNEL, "CLEAN SEAS INC,
0721 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, GASOLINE, OIL INDUSTRY, "STANDARD OIL CO.
INDIANA,
0722 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SPILLS, ICE,
0723 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, COASTS, CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS,
0721 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
0725 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ECONOMICS, "LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS,
0730 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
•OIL STORAGE PLAN,
0739 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, IMCO,
0744 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0838 CORALS, DRILLING, SEDIMENTS, "DRILL MUD, "CLEARING RATES,
0767 CORAL REEFS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, MARSHES, FLORIDA COAST,
0584 COST ANALYSIS, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0591 COST ANALYSIS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER,
0603 COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, RECOVERY,
0823 COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
0990 COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, LIABILITY, "FEDERAL WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL ACT,
0461 CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, DISPERSANTS.
JAPAN,
0468 CRUDE OIL, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, "OIL INPUT, SOURCES, OCEANS, WASTE OIL, OIL
DISCHARGES, TANKERS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
0499 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MONITORING, DETECTION, SEDIMENTS, "OIL-IN-WATER,
"BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS,
0550 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, "EELS, "ORGANIC SULFIDES,
0552 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS,
"WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION,
0563 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
0620 CRUDE OIL, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, FUEL OIL, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0643 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, LOUISIANA, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOMES,
0644 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, LOUISIANA, "COTE BLANCHE MINE,
0645 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, LOUISIANA, "WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
0656 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, VEGETATION,
LOUISIANA, TEXAS, "SALT DOMES,
0708 CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION,
0760 CRUDE OIL, BENTHOS, ALGAE, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, WASTE OIL, METABOLISM,
0761 CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS, "LARVAL STAGES,
"SHRIMP, "CRABS,
0763 CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, "WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS, "CANCER MAGISTER DANA,
0765 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, EMULSIONS, CRUSTACEANS, "SHRIMP, "ENZYME ACTIVITIES,
0773 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, SE.DIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS,
0774 CRUDE OIL, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, "CLAMS, "MYA ARENARIA,
0775 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS, "LOBSTER, "HOMARUS AMERICANUS,
0776 CRUDE OIL, CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, VEGETATION, OIL SPILLS,
0779 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, METABOLISM, "SEALS,
0780 CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, TOXICITY, VEGETATION, LAKES, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
0784 CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS,
0787 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, "ANKISTHODESMUS,
0794 CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0803 CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, INVERTEBRATES,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
0806 CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
"FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM,
0808 CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS,
"CLAM, "MACOMA BALTHICA,
0809 CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, "NAPHTHALENE, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER, METABOLISM, "CHLAMYDOMONAS
ANGULOSA,
0811 CRUDE.OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, MOLLUSKS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0812 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUSTACEANS, "BARNACLES, "CHTHAMALUS
FISSUS,
0814 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
0817 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, METABOLISM, ESTUARIES, "MULLET,
0906 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC, ALASKA, MICROORGANISMS,
0919 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OCEANS, MICROORGANISMS, "NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS,
0928 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, "PETROLEUM VARIETIES,
0940 CRUDE OIL, CASPIAN SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, USSR,
0941 CRUD.E OIL, BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS.
OXIDATION
273
-------
0942 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
GROUNDHATER, USSR,
0945 CRUDE OIL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATIOtJ, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES,
0916 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, MONITORING, SAMPLING, FATE,
0949 CRUDE OIL, ICE, SPREADING, *OIL-ON-ICE,
0957 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, OXIDATION, TAR,
0959 CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, SPREADING, EMULSIFICATION, WEATHERING,
0961 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL.SPILLS, INLAND, FATE, MODELS, GROUNDWATER,
0962 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, FATE, OIL SPILLS,.INLAND, GROUNDWATER, 'PERSISTENCE,
0974 CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING, SOLUTION,
EMULSIFICATION, TAR,
0975 CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING, TAR, EVAPORATION, SOLUTION, «SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0976 CRUDE OIL, BEHAVIOR, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, FATE, SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0977 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, EVAPORATION,
"PHOTOOXIDATION,
0987 CRUDE OIL, REGULATIONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
FEA, "MANDATORY OIL IMPORT PROGRAM,
1003 CRUDE OIL, CHBOMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH,
SOURCES FATK SPECTRQSCQPY
0756 CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, FUEL OIL, "KEROSENE, MOLLUSKS, "SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, 'LOBSTER, «MUD SNAIL,
0761 CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TOXICITY, »WATEH SOLUBLE FRACTIONS, "LARVAL STAGES,
•SHRIMP, "CRABS,
0763 CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, "WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS, "CANCER MAGISTER DANA,
0765 CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, EMULSIONS, "SHRIMP, "ENZYME ACTIVITIES,
0775 CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "LOBSTER, "HOMARUS AMERICANUS,
0812 CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, INTEHTIDAL ZONE, "BARNACLES, "CHTHAMALUS
FISSUS,
0935 DECOMPOSITION, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, MICROORGANISMS, MODELS, "NUTRIENT
DEMAND,
0969 DECOMPOSITION, ADSORPTION, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, SPREADING,
SOLUTION, EMULSIFICATION,
0978 DECOMPOSITION, CARCINOGENS, PAH, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0479 DELAWARE, INDUSTRIES, REFINERIES, "URBAN RUNOFF, "OIL CONTENT, "DELAWARE ESTUARY,
0548 DELAWARE, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, "OIL CONTENT, "URBAN RUNOFF,
"DELAWARE ESTUARY,
0561 DELAWARE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS,
REFINERIES, "SEWAGE, "URBAN RUNOFF, REGULATIONS,
0635 DELAWARE, CLEANUP, BIRDS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOLVENTS, "OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
0807 DELAWARE, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, ESTUARIES, "ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION,
0847 DELAWARE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, "COASTAL RECREATION,
0858 DELAWARE, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
0973 DELAWARE, COASTS, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PORTS, NEW JERSEY,
0984 DELAWARE, REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS,
0985 DELAWARE, LEGISLATION, US, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION
CONTROL, ECONOMICS,
05T* DELAWARE BAY, REMOTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, "FRONTS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT, SPREADING, MODELS,
0982 DELAWARE BAY, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MODELS, DRIFT, SPREADING,
0986 DELAWARE BAY, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, LEGISLATION,
0848 DENMARK, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, EUROPE, UK, FRANCE, NORWAY, "POLLUTION
DAMAGE,
0483 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, DETECTION, SHIPS, USCG, "OIL-IN-WATER,
0489 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
0493 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, "OIL-IN-WiTER, "FLUORESCENCE,
0496 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, OIL TANKS, PATENT,
0502 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, OIL SLICKS, WASTEWATEHS,
DETECTION, PATENT,
0503 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, PATENT,
0504 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, RIVERS, "INFRARED SCANNING OIL SENSOR,
0506 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, SHIPS, USN, "OIL CONTENT,
0508 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, SURVEILLANCE, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, USCG,
0569 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, "HIGH CURRENTS,
0570 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT,
0571 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, PATENT,
0572 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RIVERS, "HYDROFOIL DEFLECTORS,
0573 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, EPA, "OHMSETT,
0577 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PUGET SOUND,
0578 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HARBORS, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0579 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HARBORS, ESTUARIES, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0584 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST ANALYSIS, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS,
SKIMMERS
274
-------
0585
0588
0590
0592
0596
0598
0600
0607
0608
0610
0612
0611
0618
0619
0623
0625
0627
0629
0651
0658
0659
0663
0666
C686
0689
0693
0697
0698
0701
0727
0728
0742
0743
0750
0783
0806
0183
0488
0192
0196
0199
0502
0503
051 1
0513
0515
0516
0517
0527
0528
0543
0519
0559
0560
0651
0728
0733
0740
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, PATENT, 'OLEOPHILIC SPONGE
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, PATENT, "OLEOPHILIC CONTAINER,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
•OHMSETT, '
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, USCG,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CLEANUP^ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, USCG,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY. PATENT, 'COLLECTION BARGE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CANADA, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ICE, 'CLEAN SWEEP,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, RIVERS, ESTUARIES, HARBORS, EPA,
"OHMSETT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, EPA, 'OHMSETT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, BOOMS, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, SURFACTANTS, USN,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, DEVELOPMENT , PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REGULATIONS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINANTS, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION, PRECIPITATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
FLOTATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EXTRACTION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL WELLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, B.ILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, USN,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, SOIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, DETECTION; PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, USCG, "EQUIPMENT DELIVERY
SYSTEM
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING , PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS, DETECTION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY SYSTEM,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS. FISH,
•FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM,
DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, SHIPS, USCG, «OIL-IN-WATER,
DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, 'LIGHT SCATTERING,
•PARTICULATES, »OIL-IN-WATER,
DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING,, WASTEWATERS,
DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS, PATENT,
DETECTION, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGPAPHY, MONITORING, SEDIMENTS, »OIL-IN-WATER,
•BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS,
DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, OIL SLICKS,
WASTEWATERS, PATENT,
DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, PATENT,
DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, SURVEILLANCE, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, 'MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY,
DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, PLATFORMS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, USCG, 'SIDE-LOOKING RADAR,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, SURVEILLANCE, USCG, 'AIRBORNE COASTAL PATROL,
CONTAMINATION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, 'REMOTE LUMINESCENT
DETECTION
DETECTION
SENSOR
DETECTION
DETECTION
DETECTION
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SLICKS, SPECTROSCOPY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
DETECTION,. CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOLVENTS,
•N-PARAFFINS,
DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'INFRARED ANALYSIS, 'OIL-IN-WATER,
DETECTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, LAKES,
WASHINGTON,
DETECTION, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, 'MINI-COMPUTERS,
DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, PATENT,
DETECTION, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL ,
DETECTION, LEAKAGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT,
275
-------
0750- DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS, PATENT,
0152 DEVELOPMENT, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, TANKERS, OIL INDUSTRY, »SANSINENA EXPLOSION,
0654 DEVELOPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REGULATIONS,
0829 DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, "ECOLOGY,
0830 DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, SHORELINES, JAPAN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0839 DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE, FISH, WILDLIFE, "US FISH & WILDLIFE
SERVICE,
•0849 DEVELOPMENT, COLORADO, OIL SHALE, EIS,
0855 DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, EPA, "ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES,
0857 DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EXTRACTION,
0872 DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "LIQUID WASTES, SOLID WASTES,
•LEACHING,
0892 DEVELOPMENT, PIPELINES, STORAGE, OIL INDUSTRY, SCOTLAND, "SULLOM VOE TERMINAL,
0894 DEVELOPMENT, PLATFORMS, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND,
0461 DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT,
JAPAN,
0553 DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, SEAWATER,
0587 DISPERSANTS„ CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY,
0589 DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, "DILUTION RATE,
0593 DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0594 DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0595 DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0597 DISPERSANTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, API, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0601 DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS," "CANADIAN COAST GUARD,
0606 DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, EPA,
0617 DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
0619 DISPERSANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, EPA, "OHMSETT,
0751 DISPERSANTS, CONTAINMENT, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ICE,
INCINERATION,
0825 DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, SHORELINES,
PORTUGAL,
0959 DISPEHSANTS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, EMULSIFICATION, WEATHERING,
0664 DISPERSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0840 DISPERSIONS, CONTAMINANTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, SPREADING, PLATFORMS, OIL TRANSPORT,
0957 DISPERSIONS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EVAPORATION, OXIDATION, TAR,
0964 DISPERSIONS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SLICKS, MODELS, "DISPERSIVE OIL LOSSES,
0470 DISPOSAL, CLEANUP, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ECOSYSTEMS,
0615 DISPOSAL, CONTAINMENT, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, REMOTE SENSING, STORAGE,
0662 DISPOSAL, ECONOMICS, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, SOLID WASTES, RECYCLING,
0668 DISPOSAL, CONSERVATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
0669 DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, MANUALS, "DEBRIS,
0704 DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, STORAGE, MANUALS, USN,
0705 DISPOSAL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, OIL SPILLS, INCINERATION, "BLACK OIL,
0706 DISPOSAL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING,-REUSE,
0733 DISPOSAL, DETECTION, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, RECOVERY,
0472 DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCES, INDUSTRIES, REFINERIES, "MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES,
•RUNOFF,
0495 DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, MONITORING, TAR, SAMPLING,
0497 DISTRIBUTION, BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, WATER QUALITY,
0498 DISTRIBUTION, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, SURVEILLANCE,
0521 DISTRIBUTION, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, PACIFIC OCEAN, "TANKER ROUTES,
0522 DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0524 DISTRIBUTION, BACTERIA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, TAR, SEDIMENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
0525 DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, "EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS, HARBORS,
NEW YORK,
0532 DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, ZOOPLANKTON, SOURCES, MEXICO/GULF OF,
« •BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0568 DISTRIBUTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
SPECTROMETHY, SARGASSO SEA,
0641 DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL TRANSFER, OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FOOD WEB,
•TRANSFER PROCESSES,
0771 DISTRIBUTION, BEHAVIOR, FISH, "NAPHTHALENES, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "STRESS, "FUNDULUS
SIMILUS,
0786 DISTRIBUTION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, MICROORGANISMS,
0881 DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
DCS, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0882 DISTRIBUTION, BIODEGRADATION, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, HYDROCARBONS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0981 DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, LAKES,
276
-------
0996 DISTRIBUTION, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PRODUCTION, STORAGE, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0514 DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY, REMOTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, "FRONTS, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, MODELS,
0963 DRIFT, ALASKA/GULF OF, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OCS,
0967 DRIFT, BEAUFORT SEA, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES, OCS, "STORM MODELING,
0968 DRIFT, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, HARBORS, SPREADING, NEW YORK,
0982 DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MODELS, SPREADING,
0471 DRILLING, OIL INDUSTRY, EXPLORATION, "MICHIGAN, "BAKER SANCTUARY,
0554 DRILLING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WATER QUALITY, "DRILLING MUDS,
0743 DRILLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, PATENT,
0838 DRILLING, CORALS, SEDIMENTS, "DRILL MUD, "CLEARING RATES,
0994 DRILLING, GUIDELINES, PRODUCTION, EXPLORATION, WASTEWATERS, EPA, "ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0646 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES,
0734 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, "COSTS, MODELS, "POLLUTER RESPONSE,
0818 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, POLLUTION CONTROL, "SHELL OIL CO.,
0819 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, MOLLUSKS, ESTUARIES, OREGON, "BENZOCA)PYRENE,
0820 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CARIBBEAN SEA, OIL SPILLS, SOCIAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, "GUATEMALA,
0824 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS, WILDLIFE,
"WORLD WAR II SPILLS,
0843 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SCOTLAND,
0844 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OIL-GAS LEASING, FLORIDA, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
0858 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DELAWARE, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
0896 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES,
0984 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DELAWARE, REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
0987 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, REGULATIONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
FEA, "MANDATORY OIL IMPORT PROGRAM,
0988 ECONOMIC EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, US, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY,
0458 ECONOMICS, ALASKA, PIPELINES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
"TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE,
0583 ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, PIPELINES, "OIL SPILL FUND,
0599 ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, TEXAS, "CORPUS CHRISTI,
0650 ECONOMICS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS,
"STANDARDS,
0662 ECONOMICS, DISPOSAL, OIL INDUSTRY,.WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, SOLID WASTES, RECYCLING,
0685 ECONOMICS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, LEGISLATION, GERMANY, WEST,
0725 ECONOMICS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, "LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS,
0842 ECONOMICS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINING, EXPLORATION,
PRODUCTION,
0852 ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0870 ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
0902 ECONOMICS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, "USDI,
0985 ECONOMICS, DELAWARE, LEGISLATION, US, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0989 ECONOMICS, COMPENSATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, OIL SPILLS, WILDLIFE, MARINE
ORGANISMS, "LEGAL ASPECTS,
0997 ECONOMICS, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, LEGISLATION,
WATER QUALITY,
0470 ECOSYSTEMS, DISPOSAL, CLEANUP, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
0773 ECOSYSTEMS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0784 ECOSYSTEMS, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0911 ECOSYSTEMS, 8IODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, FRESHWATER,
0500 EIS, COASTS, BLM, MONITORING, OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, REGULATIONS, "ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES PROJECT,
0643 'EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LOUISIANA, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOMES,
0644 EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LOUISIANA, "COTE BLANCHE MINE,
0645 EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LOUISIANA, "WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
0849 EIS, DEVELOPMENT, COLORADO, OIL SHALE,
0889 EIS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OCS, "GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK,
0894 EIS, DEVELOPMENT, PLATFORMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND,
0903 EIS, BLM, OIL-GAS LEASING, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OCS,
0905 EIS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, "AIR QUALITY
IMPACTS,
0621 EMULSIFICATION, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
0959 EMULSIFICATION, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, WEATHERING,
0969 EMULSIFICATION, DECOMPOSITION, ADSORPTION, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS,
SPREADING, SOLUTION,
0974 EMULSIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
SOLUTION, TAR,
0665 EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0666 EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION, PRECIPITATION,
0687 EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, FLOCCULATION,
277
-------
0692 EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0695 EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, PATENT,
0765 EMULSIONS, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "SHRIMP, "ENZYME ACTIVITIES,
0847 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, DELAWARE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, 'COASTAL RECREATION,
0868 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HYDROCARBONS,
HEALTH HAZARDS,
0989 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, ECONOMICS, COMPENSATION, OIL SPILLS, WILDLIFE, MARINE
ORGANISMS, "LEGAL ASPECTS,
0455 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MEXICO/GULF OF, OCS, «USGS REPORT,
0457 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
0458 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA, PIPELINES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
•TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE,
0459 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, "COLD BAY,
0466 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, RIVERS, VEGETATION, PENNSYLVANIA,
•SCHUYLKILL SPILL,
0473 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, "KACHEMAK BAY,
0475 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0480 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
0597 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, API, OIL SPILLS,
0638 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, TANKERS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
•DEEPWATER TERMINALS,
0639 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, PORTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, "DEEPWATER
PORTS,
0642 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, FLORIDA, MEXICO/GULF OF, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, »DEEPWATER PORTS,
0643 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, LOUISIANA, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOMES,
0644 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, LOUISIANA, "COTE BLANCHE MINE,
0645 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, LOUISIANA, "WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
0646 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES,
0649 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, ESTUARIES, PLANTS,
MONITORING, FLORIDA,
0655 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, SOCIAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
PACIFIC OCEAN, "PALAU, "SUPERPORT,
0656 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, GROUNDWATER, VEGETATION,
LOUISIANA, TEXAS, "SALT DOMES,
0717 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
0732 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCEANS, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS,
0752 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, INLAND,
0772 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, MAINE, "TOMANO SPILL,
0824 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, FATE, MODELS, WILDLIFE,
•WORLD WAR II SPILLS,
0825 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, SHORELINES,
PORTUGAL,
0826 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOURCES, RECOVERY, "BOOK
REVIEW,
0827 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, PUGET SOUND,
0829 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, LEGISLATION, "ECOLOGY,
0830 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, SHORELINES, JAPAN, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0832 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS,
OCEANS, ESTUARIES, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0834 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, LEGISLATION, US,
0837 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, FISHERIES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•GEORGES BANK,
0845 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0850 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0852 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0853 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
IMPACTS,
0854 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
MEXICO/GOLF OF,
0856 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ERDA, OIL
DISCHARGES,
0857 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION,
0858 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DELAWARE, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
0859 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS,
0861 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0863 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, TOXICITY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•PRODUCED WATERS,
0865 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 8LM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, MONITORING,
GUIDELINES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, US, REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY,
OIL SHALE, PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, SOLID WASTES, WASTEWATERS,
ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
CALIFORNIA COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL INDUSTRY, ONSHORE
COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
278
-------
0866 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
0867 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS,
0869 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PLATFORMS, OCS,
0870 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
0871 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, LOUISIANA,
0872 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, 'LIQUID WASTES, SOLID WASTES,
•LEACHING,
0873 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE MAMMALS, "BASELINE
STUDIES,
0874 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0875 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0876 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0877 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0878 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FISH, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT,
•BASELINE STUDIES,
0879 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, PLANKTON,
FISHERIES, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0880 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, .'LASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0881 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALA
-------
0846 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTAMINANTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS,
MOVEMENT, "SOUTHEASTERN U.S., ERDA,
0660 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, REGULATIONS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0902 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, «USDI,
0903 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EIS, BLM, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS,
0981 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DELAWARE, REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
0501 EPA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, SURVEILLANCE, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, USGS, USCG, "UN,
0512 EPA, CLEANUP, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
0573 EPA, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, *OHMSETT,
0606 EPA, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY,
0618 EPA, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, RIVERS, ESTUARIES, HARBORS,
"OHMSETT,
0619 EPA, DISPERSANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, «OHMSETT,
0624 EPA, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, "OHMSETT,
0711 EPA, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES,
0851 EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, WATER
QUALITY, ESTUARIES,
0855 EPA, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, 'ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES,
099^ EPA, DRILLING, GUIDELINES, PRODUCTION, EXPLORATION, WASTEWATERS, "ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0995 EPA, GUIDELINES, PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS, "ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0846 ERDA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTAMINANTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS,
MOVEMENT, "SOUTHEASTERN U.S.,
0856 ERDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL
DISCHARGES,
0514 ESTUARIES, DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY, REMOTE SENSING, "FRONTS, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, MODELS,
0523 ESTUARIES, BENTHOS, ALASKA, SAMPLING, WATER QUALITY, "EPIFAUNA,
0530 ESTUARIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, FISH, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING,
"FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
0579 ESTUARIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HARBORS, "CLEAN SWEEP,
C618 ESTUARIES, EPA, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, RIVERS, HARBORS,
•OHMSETT,
0649 ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, PLANTS,
MONITORING, FLORIDA,
07«5 ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, MARSHES, MOVEMENT, "GRASS-CUTTING,
"HACKENSACK ESTUARY,
0758 ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
PLANKTON, FISH,
0762 ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, "MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASES,
"FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
0786 ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS,
0807 ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, "ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION,
0817 ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, METABOLISM, "MULLET,
0819 ESTUARIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, MOLLUSKS, OREGON, "BENZOCA)PYHENE,
0832 ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0851 ESTUARIES, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL
SPILLS, WATER QUALITY,
0945 ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
0965 ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, METULA SPILL, FATE, TANKERS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
0972 ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC COAST, ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, RIVERS, PAH,
0510 EUROPE, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, "NIMBUS SATELLITE,
0726 EUROPE, POLLUTION CONTROL, LEGISLATION, OIL DISCHARGES, "MARINE POLLUTION,
0848 EUROPE, DENMARK, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, UK, FRANCE, NORWAY, "POLLUTION
DAMAGE,
0993 EUROPE, OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, PIPELINES, WASTEWATERS, GUIDELINES,
0563 EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGHAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
0950 EVAPORATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, SOLUTION,
0954 EVAPORATION, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
0957 EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, OXIDATION, TAR,
0970 EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, FATE, SPREADING,
0974 EVAPORATION, EMULSIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, FATE, WEATHERING,
SOLUTION, TAR,
0975 EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING, TAR, SOLUTION, "SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0977 EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION,
"PHOTOOXIDATION,
0171 EXPLORATION, DRILLING, OIL INDUSTRY, "MICHIGAN, "BAKER SANCTUARY,
0842 EXPLORATION, ECONOMICS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINING,
PRODUCTION,
280
-------
0864 EXPLORATION, POLLUTIOK CONTROL, SEAWATEF,
0901 EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, PRODUCTION, PLANTS, WILDLIFE, OIL
SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0994 EXPLORATION, EPA, DRILLING, GUIDELINES, PRODUCTION, WASTEWATERS, 'ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0547 EXTRACTION, CONTAMINANTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SHALE,
•BY-PRODUCT WATERS,
0557 EXTRACTION, CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, 'SOLVENT »IH
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
0564 EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY, SOLVENTS, 'DETERGENTS, »OIL-!N-WATER,
0697 EXTRACTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
0850 EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE, PRODUCTION, SOLID WASTES, WASTEWATERS,
0857 EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE,
0995 EXTRACTION, EPA, GUIDELINES, PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS, "ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0530 FATE, ESTUARIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, FISH, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING,
•FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
0720 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, 'CLEAN SEAS INC,
0757 FATE, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0821 FATE, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS,
0823 FATE, COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
082U FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, MODELS, WILDLIFE,
•WORLD WAR II SPILLS,
0828 FATE, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY,
0832 FATE, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0891 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PUGET SOUND, MEXICO/GULF OF,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
0893 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OIL SPILLS, OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, *RISK
ANALYSIS,
0914 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL,
0916 FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, MONITORING, SAMPLING,
0956 FATE, OIL SPILL'S, MOVEMENT, SAMPLING, MONITORING, OCEANS, NOAA,
0957 FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, OXIDATION, TAR,
0958 FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0961 FATE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, MODELS, GROUNDWATER,
0962 FATE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, GROUNDWATER, "PERSISTENCE,
0965 FATE, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, METULA SPILL, TANKERS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
0969 FATE, EMULSIFICATION, DECOMPOSITION, ADSORPTION, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS,
SPREADING, SOLUTION,
0970 FATE, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, SPREADING,
0971 FATE, CONTAMINATION, API, TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0972 FATE, ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC COAST, ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, RIVERS, PAH,
0974 FATE, EVAPORATION, EMULSIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
SOLUTION, TAR,
0976 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, BEHAVIOR, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
0978 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DECOMPOSITION, CARCINOGENS, PAH,
0979 FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT,
SEDIMENTS, PLANKTON,
0980 FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, FUEL OIL, SEDIMENTS, WEATHERING, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM,
MOLLUSKS,
0982 FATE, DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, SPREADING,
1003 FATE, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
PAH, SOURCES, SPECTROSCOPY,
0987 FEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, REGULATIONS, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, "MANDATORY OIL IMPORT PROGRAM,
0667 FILTRATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION,
0678 FILTRATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0680 FILTRATION, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM,
0530 FISH, FATE, ESTUARIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING,
'FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
0537 FISH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0540 FISH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'SHRIMP,
•SQUID, 'N-PARAFFINS,
0758 FISH, ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
PLANKTON,
0759 FISH, CONTAMINATION, BENTHOS, BEHAVIOR, 'SUNKEN OIL, 'OIL-CONTAINING PREY, 'FEEDING,
0762 FISH, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, HYDROCARBONS, 'MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASES,
'FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
0769 FISH, CANADA, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, 'AQUATIC LIFE,
0771 FISH, DISTRIBUTION, BEHAVIOR, 'NAPHTHALENES, UPTAKE, RELEASE, 'STRESS, 'FUNDULUS
281
-------
0788 FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, "MORONE SAXATILIS, "BENZENE,
0790 FISH, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER, INVERTEBRATES, »LETHAL
CONCENTRATION,
0800 FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, RESTORATION, STREAMS, INVERTEBRATES,
NEW MEXICO,
0803 FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
0806 FISH, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,
•FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM,
0810 FISH, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM,
0817 FISH, ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM, "MULLET,
0839 FISH, DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE, WILDLIFE, *US FISH & WILDLIFE
SERVICE,
0878 FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT,
•BASELINE STUDIES,
0820 FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CARIBBEAN SEA, OIL SPILLS, SOCIAL EFFECTS, *GUATEMALA,
0837 FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•GEORGES BANK,
0815 FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, US, REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY,
0862 FISHERIES, COASTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, NEW YORK,
0879 FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, PLANKTON
, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0896 FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
0666 FLOCCULATION,, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PRECIPITATION,
0671 FLOCCULATION, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "FLOCCULANT-POLYELECTROLYTES,
0687 FLOCCULATION, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
0642 FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, MEXICO/GULF OF, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, »DEEPWATER PORTS,
0649 FLORIDA, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, PLANTS,
MONITORING,
0844 FLORIDA, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OIL-GAS LEASING, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
0887 FLORIDA, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ONSHORE
IMPACTS,
0888 FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, PORTS, GUIDELINES,
0895 FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES,
0767 FLORIDA COAST, CORAL REEFS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, MARSHES,
0667 FLOTATION, FILTRATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
0689 FLOTATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, PATENT,
0700 FLOTATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0641 FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL TRANSFER, OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•TRANSFER PROCESSES,
0764 FOOD WEB, CONTAMINATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ACCUMULATION, WASTEWATERS,
REFINERIES, MOLLUSKS, 'FOOD CHAIN, »3,4-BENZOPYRENE,
0770 FOOD WEB, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM,
•EGGS,
0602 FRANCE, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, STORAGE,
0848 FRANCE, EUROPE, DENMARK, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, UK, NORWAY, "POLLUTION
DAM'AGE,
0790 FRESHWATER, FISH, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, INVERTEBRATES, "LETHAL
CONCENTRATION,
0809 FRESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, 'NAPHTHALENE, TOXICITY, METABOLISM, »CHLAMYDOMONAS
ANGULOSA,
0911 FRESHWATER, ECOSYSTEMS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
0915 FRESHWATER, COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS,
0939 FRESHWATER, BIODEGRADATION, FUEL OIL, MICROORGANISMS, 'CONTINUOUS CULTURE,
0620 FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0755 FUEL OIL, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, 'REPRODUCTION,
0756 FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, 'KEROSENE, MOLLUSKS, »SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, 'LOBSTER, «MUD SNAIL,
0760 FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, BENTHOS, ALGAE, TOXICITY, WASTE OIL, METABOLISM,
0792 FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MALAYSIA, "PIONEER MANGROVE,
•AVICENNIA INTERMEDIA,
0800 FUEL OIL, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, STREAMS, INVERTEBRATES,
NEW MEXICO,
080i2 FUEL OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, POLYCHAETES, METABOLISM,
•FEEDING ACTIVITY, »ARENICOLA MARINA,
0803 FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
0805 FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, POLYCHAETES, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, "NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA
0807 FUEL OIL, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, "ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION,
282
-------
0815 FUEL OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, "SPECIES DIVERSITY,
0934 FUEL OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SOIL,
0939 FUEL OIL, FRESHWATER, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, 'CONTINUOUS CULTURE,
0955 FUEL OIL, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, YEASTS, "HYDROPEROXIDES,
0980 FUEL OIL, FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, SEDIMENTS, WEATHERING, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM,
MOLLUSKS,
1002 FUEL OIL, CARCINOGENS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
0512 FUELS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATERS,
0785 FUELS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, PHYTOPLANKTON,
0925 FUELS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, 'SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT FUEL,
0535 GASOLINE, CONTAMINATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GROUNDWATEF,
0622 GASOLINE, CONTAINMENT, LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS, RECOVERY, GROUNDWATER,
0721 GASOLINE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, "STANDARD OIL CO.
INDIANA,
0926 GASOLINE, BIODEGRADATION, GROUNDWATEF, "NUTRIENT ADDITION,
0927 GASOLINE, BIODEGRADATION, GROUNDWATER, PENNSYLVANIA, "NUTRIENT ADDITION,
0685 GERMANY, WEST, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, LEGISLATION,
0501 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, EPA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
SURVEILLANCE, USGS, USCG, "UN,
0847 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, DELAWARE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL
INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, "COASTAL RECREATION,
0477 GREAT LAKES , COASTS, OIL SPILLS, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, MODELS, "DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS,
0535 GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GASOLINE,
0591 GROUNDWATER, COST ANALYSIS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HYDROCARBONS,
0622 GROUNDWATER, GASOLINE, CONTAINMENT, LEAKAGE, OIL TANKS, RECOVERY,
0656 GROUNDWATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, VEGETATION,
LOUISIANA, TEXAS, "SALT DOMES,
0926 GROUNDWATER, GASOLINE, BIODEGRADATION, "NUTRIENT ADDITION,
0927 GROUNDWATER, GASOLINE, BIODEGRADATION, PENNSYLVANIA, "NUTRIENT ADDITION,
0942 GROUNDWATER, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS USSR
0953 GROUNDWATER', BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, "SURFACE WATERS, "WATER-SOLUBLE
FRACTIONS,
0961 GROUNDWATER, FATE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, MODELS,
0962 GROUNDWATER, FATE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, "PERSISTENCE,
0966 GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, HYDROCARBONS, MOVEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0674 GUIDELINES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
0865 GUIDELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS,
MONITORING,
0888 GUIDELINES, FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE
IMPACTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, PORTS,
0993 GUIDELINES, EUROPE, OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, PIPELINES, WASTEWATERS,
0994 GUIDELINES, EXPLORATION, EPA, DRILLING, PRODUCTION, WASTEWATERS, "ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0995 GUIDELINES, EXTRACTION, EPA, PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS, "ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0996 GUIDELINES, DISTRIBUTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PRODUCTION, STORAGE, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0997 GUIDELINES, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, LEGISLATION,
WATER QUALITY,
0878 HABITAT, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MOLLUSKS,
"BASELINE STUDIES,
0525 HARBORS, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, "EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS,
NEW YORK,
0578 HARBORS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0579 HARBORS, ESTUARIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0609 HARBORS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, USN, "DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM,
0618 HARBORS, ESTUARIES, EPA, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, RIVERS,
•OHMSETT,
0968 HARBORS, DRIFT, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, NEW YORK,
0868 HEALTH HAZARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, HYDROCARBONS,
0463 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALASKA/GULF OF, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
0469 HYDROCARBONS, SOURCES, OCEANS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS, "INPUT
ESTIMATES,
0472 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, SOURCES, INDUSTRIES, REFINERIES, "MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES,
"RUNOFF,
0490 HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, OCEANS, TAR, SAMPLING,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0493 HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, "OIL-IN-WATER, "FLUORESCENCE,
0497 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, WATER QUALITY,
0498 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, MONITORING, OCEANS, SURVEILLANCE,
283
-------
0501 HYDROCARBONS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, EPA, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
SURVEILLANCE, USGS, USCG, »UN,
0503 HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, PATENT,
0505 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MONITORING, SEDIMENTS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION,
0509 HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGPAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, METABOLISM, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0520 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, PACIFIC OCEAN, "TANKER ROUTES,
0521 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, SAMPLING, PACIFIC OCEAN, *TANKER ROUTES,
0522 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
05214 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BACTERIA, SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, TAR, SEDIMENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
0525 HYDROCARBONS, HARBORS, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, SAMPLING, "EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS,
NEW YORK,
0526 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, TAR, *ABYSSAL
DEPTHS,
0529 HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEAWATER,
05^0 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, FATE, ESTUARIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
"FUNDBLUS HETEROCLITUS,
0532 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ZOOPLANKTON, SOURCES, MEXICO/GULF OF,
•BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0533 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "PHENOLS, "SURFACE WATERS,
0537 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHHOMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0538 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OCEANS, SAMPLING,
0539 HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGHAPHY, ALGAE, SEDIMENTS, MEXICO/GULF OF, MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
SAMPLING,
05UO HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "SHRIMP,
•SQUID, "N-PARAFFINS,
05«1 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, "TENNESSEE RIVER,
05«2 HYDROCARBONS, FUELS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEHATERS,
05«3 HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
05*»5 HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, "LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
05«6 HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, "WATER ANALYSIS,
05«8 HYDROCARBONS, DELAWARE, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, "OIL CONTENT, "URBAN RUNOFF,
•DELAWARE ESTUARY,
05U9 HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, SOLVENTS,
"N-PARAFFINS,
0550 HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "EELS, "ORGANIC SULFIDES,
0552 HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
•WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION,
0558 HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, SOIL, "THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0560 HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, SEDIMENTS, LAKES,
WASHINGTON,
0561 HYDROCARBONS, DELAWARE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, WASTEWATERS,
REFINERIES, "SEWAGE, "URBAN RUNOFF, REGULATIONS,
0562 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0563 HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
0568 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHROMATOGFAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SPECTROMETRY, SARGASSO SEA,
0591 HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, COST ANALYSIS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
0593 HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0591* HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0595 HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS,. PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0605 HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, PATENT,
06U1 HYDROCARBONS, FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, OIL TRANSFER, OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
"TRANSFER PROCESSES,
0669 HYDROCARBONS, DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, MANUALS, "DEBRIS,
0691 HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "VACUUM STRIPPING,
0757 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0762 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, "MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASES,
•FUNDULUS HETEBOCLITUS,
0770 HYDROCARBONS, FOOD WEB, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM,
"EGGS,
0778 HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, PLATFORMS, SEDIMENTS, TEXAS, "TRINITY BAY,
"NAPHTHALENES, "CLAM, "RANGIA CUNEATA,
078U HYDROCARBONS, ECOSYSTEMS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
284
-------
0791 HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ANIMALS, "IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE,
0793 HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERMUDA, TAR, INTERTIDAL ZONE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0795 HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, "SCALLOPS, "PECTEH
YESSOENSIS,
0796 HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
0801 HYDROCARBONS, PAH, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, «BENZO(A)PYRENE, "MICROSOMAL
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES,
0804 HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, "NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0805 HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, POLYCHAETES, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, »NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0806 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM,
0810 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM,
0821 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TOXICITY,
0825 HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES,
PORTUGAL,
0828 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TOXICITY,
0868 HYDROCARBONS, HEALTH HAZARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, DCS,
0871 HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, LOUISIANA,
0880 HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, ALASKA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0881 HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MICROORGANISMS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0882 HYDROCAHBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, BIODEGRADATION, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0891 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PUGET SOUND,
MEXICO/GULF OF, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
0908 HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SLICKS, "NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT,
0909 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, "OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE,
0911 HYDROCARBONS, FRESHWATER, ECOSYSTEMS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
0913 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SLICKS, "SUPERMICROBES,
0915 HYDROCARBONS,-FRESHWATER, COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SLICKS,
0916 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE
ISLAND,
0917 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, METABOLISM, "ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS,
0920 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, "MULTI-PLASMID MICROORGANISMS,
0921 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, "OIL BIODEGRADATION RATE,
0928 HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "PETROLEUM VARIETIES,
0929 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
0937 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BENTHOS, METABOLISM, SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0932 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, SEAWATER,
0933 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SEAWATER, "HEXADECANE, "ORGANIC SUBSTANCES,
0937 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, METABOLISM, MICROORGANISMS,
0942 HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, USSR,
0944 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, MONITORING, MODELS,
0948 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, METABOLISM, MICROORGANISMS, "BUTADIENE,
0950 HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOLUTION,
0953 HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, "SURFACE WATERS, "WATER-SOLUBLE
FRACTIONS,
0960 HYDROCARBONS, REFINERIES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,' SAMPLING, "SURFACE MICROLAYER COMPOSITION,
0966 HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, MOVEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0969 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, EMULSIFICATION, DECOMPOSITION, ADSORPTION, MODELS, OIL SPILLS,
SPREADING, SOLUTION,
0970 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, SPREADING,
0972 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC COAST, ADSORPTION, RIVERS, PAH,
0976 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, BEHAVIOR, SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
0980 HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, SEDIMENTS, WEATHERING, METABOLISM,
MOLLUSKS,
0981 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, SEDIMENTS, LAKES,
0614 ICE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CANADA, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0722 ICE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SPILLS,
0751 ICE, DISPERSANTS, CONTAINMENT, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHOPE DRILLING,
INCINERATION,
0886 ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC OCEAN, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "BASELINE
STUDIES,
09^9 ICE, CRUDE OIL, SPREADING, "OIL-ON-ICE,
0951 ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, "BLOWOUTS, "OIL-IN-ICE,
0983 ICE, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, "CURRENT,
0737 IMCO, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, COLOMBIA,
285
-------
0739 IMCO, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0998 IMCO, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0999 IMCO, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, USCG,
0566 INCINERATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, OIL SPILLS,
0657 INCINERATION, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, SOLID WASTES, "LIQUID WASTES,
0705 INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, OIL SPILLS, »BLACK OIL,
0751 INCINERATION, ICE, DISPEHSANTS, CONTAINMENT, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE
DRILLING,
0472 INDUSTRIES, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, SOURCES, REFINERIES, 'MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES,
•RUNOFF,
0479 INDUSTRIES, DELAWARE, REFINERIES, "URBAN RUNOFF, «OIL CONTENT, "DELAWARE ESTUARY,
0682 INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
0464 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, STATISTICS, OIL DISCHARGES, US,
0904 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, MONITORING,
0631 INLAND, CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION, SOIL, OIL FIELDS, »BRINES,
0724 INLAND, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
0736 INLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SHIPS, TANKERS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MONITORING,
0752 INLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS,
0952 INLAND, CANADA, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, PIPELINES,
0961 INLAND, GROUNDWATER, FATE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, MODELS,
0962 INLAND, GROUNDWATER, FATE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, "PERSISTENCE,
0467 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, SURVEILLANCE,
0652 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, US, REGULATIONS,
1001 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LEGISLATION, US, OCEANS, SHIPS, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
0739 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0998 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0999 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, POLLUTION PREVENTION, USCG,
0509 INTERTIDAL ZONE, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, MARINE
ORGANISMS, METABOLISM, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0546 INTERTIDAL ZONE, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY,
SEDIMENTS, "WATER ANALYSIS,
0767 INTERTIDAL ZONE, FLORIDA COAST, CORAL REEFS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TROPICAL
REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, MARSHES,
0793 INTERTIDAL ZONE, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERMUDA, TAR, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0803 INTEPTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS,
INVERTEBRATES,
0812 INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "BARNACLES, "CHTHAMALUS
FISSUS,
081U INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0815 INTSRTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, "SPECIES DIVERSITY,
0790 INVERTEBRATES, FRESHWATER, FISH, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, "LETHAL
CONCENTRATION,
0800 INVERTEBRATES, FUEL OIL, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, STREAMS,
SEW MEXICO,
0803 INVERTEBRATES, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TOXICITY, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0461 JAPAN, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SPREADING,
MOVEMENT,
0754 JAPAN, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "TEST FACILITIES,
0830 JAPAN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, SHORELINES, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0560 LAKES, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, SEDIMENTS,
WASHINGTON,
0780 LAKES, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, TOXICITY, VEGETATION, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
0981 LAKES, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, SEDIMENTS,
0508 LAW ENFORCEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL
SPILLS, SHIPS, SURVEILLANCE, USCG,
0512 LAW ENFORCEMENT, EPA, CLEANUP, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0640 LAW ENFORCEMENT, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, WASHINGTON, PUGET SOUND,
0833 LAW ENFORCEMENT, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, REGULATIONS,
0453 LEAKAGE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, "NATO,
0496 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, OIL TANKS, PATENT,
0502 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, PIPELINES, OIL SLICKS,
WASTEWATERS, PATENT,
0622 LEAKAGE, GROUNDWATER, GASOLINE, CONTAINMENT, OIL TANKS, RECOVERY,
0651 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, PIPELINES, "MINI-COMPUTERS,
0727 LEAKAGE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL TANKS, SOIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, PATENT,
0728 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL TANKS, PATENT,
0740 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT,
286
-------
0717 LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PATENT, 'SEALING MATERIAL,
0750 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL TANKS, PATENT,
0642 LEGISLATION, FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, MEXICO/GULF OF
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, »DEEPWATER PORTS,
0685 LEGISLATION, GERMANY, WEST, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS,
0726 LEGISLATION, EUROPE, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, "MARINE POLLUTION,
0829 LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, 'ECOLOGY,
0834 LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, US,
0985 LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, DELAWARE, US, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0986 LEGISLATION, DELAWARE BAY, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER,
0988 LEGISLATION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, US, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY,
0990 LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, LIABILITY, "FEDERAL WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL ACT,
0991 LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, US, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, "SUPER-FUND,
0997 LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES,
WATER QUALITY,
1001 LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, US, OCEANS, SHIPS, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
0848 LIABILITY, FRANCE, EUROPE, DENMARK, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, UK, NORWAY, "POLLUTION
DAMAGE,
0990 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, "FEDERAL WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL ACT,
0991 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, US, OIL SPILLS, "SUPER-FUND,
0643 LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOMES,
0644 LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, "COTE BLANCHE MINE,
0645 LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, "WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
0656 LOUISIANA, GROUNDWATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE. OIL SPILLS,
VEGETATION, TEXAS, "SALT DOMES,
0871 LOUISIANA, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY,
MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
0707 LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, PATENT,
0748 LUBRICATING-OIL, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT,
0749 LUBRICATING OIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PATENT,
0965 MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, FATE, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, METULA SPILL,
TANKERS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0772 MAINE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, "TOMANO SPILL,
0792 MALAYSIA, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, TROPICAL REGIONS, "PIONEER MANGROVE,
•AVICESNIA INTERMEDIA,
0626 MANUALS, CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES,
0669 MANUALS, HYDROCARBONS, DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, "DEBRIS,
0704 MANUALS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, STORAGE, USN,
0779 MARINE MAMMALS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM, "SEALS,
0873 MARINE MAMMALS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "BASELINE
STUDIES,
0475 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES,
0490 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING,
OCEANS, TAR, SAMPLING,
0509 MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
MONITORING, METABOLISM, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0537 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0540 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "SHRIMP,
•SQUID, "N-PARAFFINS,
0544 MARINE ORGANISMS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, "SHELLFISH,
0641 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, OIL TRANSFER, OCEANS,
•TRANSFER PROCESSES,
0757 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0766 MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SAN FRANCISCO BAY,
0767 MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FLORIDA COAST, CORAL REEFS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MARSHES,
0772 MARINE ORGANISMS, MAINE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, "TOMANO SPILL,
0773 MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS,
0781 MARINE ORGANISMS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, MOLLUSKS,
•MARSH GRASS,
0783 MARINE ORGANISMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
•CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY SYSTEM,
0784 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ECOSYSTEMS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
0793 MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERMUDA, TAR,
0794 MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
PLATFORMS,
0797 MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TROPICAL
REGIONS, PUERTO RICO, "MANGROVES, "TURTLE GRASS,
287
-------
0798 MARINE ORGANISMS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, »SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, 'RESPIRATION, »GROWTH,
0799 MARINE ORGANISMS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
0801 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, METABOLISM, •BENZO(A)PYRENE, »MICROSOMAL
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES,
0803 MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, INTSRTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA,
TOXICITY,
0806 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
•FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM,
0807 MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, TOXICITY, 'ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION,
0811 MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, NATURAL SEEPAGE. MOLLUSKS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0811 MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0815 MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
DISPERSONS, 'SPECIES DIVERSITY,
0816 MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TOXICITY, 'NANNOPLANKTERS,
0830 MARINE ORGANISMS, JAPAN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION,
SHORELINES,
0832 MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS,
0835 MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
0836 MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0837 MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
•GEORGES BANK,
0863 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, TOXICITY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
•PRODUCED WATERS,
0871 MARINE ORGANISMS, LOUISIANA, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
OIL INDUSTRY, SEDIMENTS,
0877 MARINE ORGANISMS,'ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, ALASKA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0880 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIODEGRADATION, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
0891 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
PUGET SOUND, MEXICO/GULF OF, TOXICITY, NOAA,
0901 MARINE ORGANISMS, EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, PRODUCTION, PLANTS,
WILDLIFE, OIL SPILLS,
0931 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BENTHOS, METABOLISM, SEDIMENTS,
MICROORGANISMS,
0958 MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, OIL SPILLS,
0965 MARINE ORGANISMS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, FATE, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEACHES,
METULA SPILL, TANKERS,
0971 MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, CONTAMINATION, API, TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS,
0989 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, ECONOMICS, COMPENSATION, OIL SPILLS,
WILDLIFE, 'LEGAL ASPECTS,
0475 MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS,
0517 MARSHES, DETECTION, CONTAMINATION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, 'REMOTE LUMINESCENT
SENSOR,
0626 MARSHES, MANUALS, CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
0735 MARSHES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHORELINES,
0745 MARSHES, ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, MOVEMENT, 'GRASS-CUTTING,
•HACKENSACK ESTUARY,
0767 MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FLORIDA COAST, CORAL REEFS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TROPICAL REGIONS,
0781 MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS,
•MARSH GRASS,
0581 MEDITERRANEAN SEA, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING,
0960 MEDITERRANEAN SEA, HYDROCARBONS, REFINERIES, SAMPLING, 'SURFACE MICROLAYER COMPOSITION,
0509 METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTESTIDAL ZONE, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, MONITORING, »BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0760 METABOLISM, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, BENTHOS, ALGAE, TOXICITY, WASTE OIL,
0770 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FOOD WEB, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
•EGGS,
0774 METABOLISM, CRUDE OIL, MOLLUSKS, 'CLAMS, »MYA ARENARIA,
07>9 METABOLISM, MARINE MAMMALS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'SEALS,
0801 METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, »BENZO(A)PYRENE, 'MICROSOMAL
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES,
0802 METABOLISM, FUEL OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, POLYCHAETES,
•FEEDING ACTIVITY, 'AHENICOLA MARINA,
0804 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, 'NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0805 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, POLYCHAETES, UPTAKE, 'NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0809 METABOLISM, FRESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, 'NAPHTHALENE, TOXICITY, 'CHLAMYDOMONAS
ANQULOSA,
288
-------
MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
0810 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0817 METABOLISM, FISH, ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "MULLET,
0917 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, «ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS,
0931 METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCAREONS, BIODEGRADATION, BENTHOS, SEDIMENTS,
MICROORGANISMS,
0937 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGFADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
0913 METABOLISM, BIODEGRADATION, PETROCHEMICALS, MICROORGANISMS,
0918 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, 'BUTADIENE,
0980 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, SEDIMENTS, WEATHERING,
MOLLUSKS,
0637 METULA SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
0965 METULA SPILL, MARINE ORGANISMS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, FATE, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, BEACHES, TANKERS,
0455 MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, »USGS REPORT,
0522 MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCAREONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS,
SOURCES,
0532 MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ZOOPLANKTON, SOURCES,
•BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0539 MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCAREONS, CHFOMATOGRAPHY, ALGAE, SEDIMENTS,
SAMPLING,
0642 MEXICO/GULF OF, LEGISLATION, FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, 'DEEPWATER PORTS,
0854 MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0860 MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, REGULATIONS,
0891 MEXICO/GULF OF, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, PUGET SOUND, TOXICITY, NOAA,
0897 MEXICO/GULF OF, CALIFORNIA COAST, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, OCS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
0521 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BACTERIA, SAMPLING, TAR, SEDIMENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
0782 MICROORGANISMS, CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, VEGETATION, SOIL,
0786 MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS,
0881 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0906 MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATIOH, ARCTIC, ALASKA,
0907 MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, AFRICA/SOUTH, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, PATENT,
0909 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGPADATION, SOIL, OXIDATION, 'OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE,
0911 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FRESHWATER, ECOSYSTEMS, BIODEGRADATION,
0919 MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, OCEANS, 'NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS,
0923 MICROORGANISMS, CARCINOGENS, BIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PAH,
0924 MICROORGANISMS, CARCINOGENS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, PAH,
0925 MICROORGANISMS, FUELS, BIODEGPADATION, 'SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT FUEL,
0929 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION,
0930 MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OXIDATION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0931 MICROORGANISMS, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BENTHOS,
SEDIMENTS,
0932 MICROORGANISMS,
0935 MICROORGANISMS,
DEMAND,
0936 MICROORGANISMS,
PRODUCTS,
0937 MICROORGANISMS, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION,
0938 MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS,
0939 MICROORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FRESHWATER, BIODEGRADATION, 'CONTINUOUS CULTURE,
0941 MICROORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
OXIDATION,
0942 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, USSR,
0943 MICROORGANISMS, METABOLISM, BIODEGRADATION, PETROCHEMICALS,
0945 MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION,
0948 MICROORGANISMS, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, 'BUTADIENE,
0539 MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MEXIC07GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ALGAE, SEDIMENTS,
SAMPLING,
0477 MODELS, GREAT LAKES , COASTS, OIL SPILLS, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, 'DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS,
0514 MODELS, ESTUARIES, DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY, REMOTE SENSING, 'FRONTS, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING,
0603 MODELS, COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
0734 MODELS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, 'COSTS, 'POLLUTER RESPONSE,
0823 MODELS, FATE, COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
0824 MODELS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, WILDLIFE,
•WORLD WAR II SPILLS,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATIOH, SEAWATER,
DECOMPOSITION, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, MODELS, 'NUTRIENT
BIODEGRADATION, 8ARENT SEA, BALTIC SEA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, PETROLEUM
289
-------
0935 MODELS, MICROORGANISMS, DECOMPOSITION, BIODEGRADATIOIJ, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, 'NUTRIENT
DEMAND,
0944 MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, MONITORING,
0954 MODELS, EVAPORATION, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
0961 MODELS, INLAND, GROUNDWATER, FATE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS,
0963 MODELS, DRIFT, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OCS,
0964 MODELS, DISPERSIONS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, OIL SLICKS, "DISPERSIVE OIL LOSSES,
0967 MODELS, DRIFT, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES, OCS, "STORM MODELING,
0968 MODELS, HARBORS, DRIFT, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, NEW YORK,
0969 MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, EMULSIFICATION, DECOMPOSITION, ADSORPTION, OIL SPILLS,
SPREADING, SOLUTION,
0970 MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, SPREADING,
0973 MODELS, DELAWARE, COASTS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PORTS, NEW JERSEY,
0982 MODELS, FATE, DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
0487 MOLLUSKS, CARCINOGENS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MONITORING, PAH, "MUSSELS,
»BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0586 MOLLUSKS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SEAWATER, OXIDATION, "WATER PURIFICATION, "MUSSELS,
•MYTILUS EDULIS,
0694 MOLLUSKS, BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKERS, »MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS,
0756 MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, "KEROSENE, "SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, "LOBSTER, "MUD SNAIL,
0764 MOLLUSKS, FOOD WEB, CONTAMINATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ACCUMULATION, WASTEWATERS,
REFINERIES, "FOOD CHAIN, "3,4-BENZOPYRENE,
0774 MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, CRUDE OIL, "CLAMS, "MYA ARENARIA,
0778 MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, PLATFORMS, SEDIMENTS, TEXAS, "TRINITY BAY,
"NAPHTHALENES, "CLAM, "RANGIA CUNEATA,
0781 MOLLUSKS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
"MARSH GRASS,
0789 MOLLUSKS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "MODIOLUS DEMISSUS, "CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA, "PETRO-SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0795 MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "SCALLOPS, "PECTEN
YESSOENSIS,
0808 MOLLUSKS, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, SEDIMENTS,
"CLAM, "MACOMA BALTHICA,
0811 MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0819 MOLLUSKS, ESTUARIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, OREGON, "BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0878 MOLLUSKS, HABITAT, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
"BASELINE STUDIES,
0980 MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, SEDIMENTS,
WEATHERING,
0478 MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
0482 MONITORING, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING,
SPREADING, MOVEMENT,
0483 MONITORING, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SHIPS, USCG, "OIL-IN-WATER,
0484 MONITORING,'OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "OIL CONTENT, "ECHO SOUNDING,
0485 MONITORING, ABSORPTION, OIL SLICKS, SHIPS, SOLVENTS, SPECTROSCOPY, "LASER BEAM,
0486 MONITORING, COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, SAMPLING,
"FLUORIMETRY, "COASTAL WATERS,
0487 MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, CARCINOGENS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, PAH, "MUSSELS,
•BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0488 MONITORING, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES. WASTEWATERS, "LIGHT SCATTERING,
•PARTICIPATES, "OIL-IN-WATER,
0489 MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BALLAST, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
0490 MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
OCEANS, TAR, SAMPLING,
0491 MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0492 MONITORING, DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS,
0493 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OIL-IN-WATER, "FLUORESCENCE,
0494 MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, BILGES, BALLAST, SHIPS,
0495 MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, TAR, SAMPLING,
0496 MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL TANKS, PATENT,
0497 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BEAUFORT SEA, WATER QUALITY,
0498 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, OCEANS, SURVEILLANCE,
0499 MONITORING, DETECTION, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEDIMENTS, "OIL-IN-WATER,
"BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS,
0500 MONITORING, EIS, COASTS, BLM, OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, REGULATIONS, "ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES PROJECT,
0501 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, EPA, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
SURVEILLANCE, USGS, USCG, "UN,
0502 MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PIPELINES, OIL SLICKS,
WASTEWATERS PATENT
0503 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0504 MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, RIVERS, "INFRARED SCANNING OIL SENSOR,
0505 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, SEDIMENTS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
290
-------
0506 MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, SHIPS, USN, "OIL CONTENT,
0507 MONITORING, BILGES, WASTEWATERS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
0509 MONITORING, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0519 MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, OIL SLICKS,
0551 MONITORING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATERS,
0581 MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN.SEA, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS,
0649 MONITORING, FLORIDA, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, OIL TRANSPORT,
PIPELINES, PLANTS,
0729 MONITORING, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, 'NATURAL GAS PLANTS, WASTEWATERS, SOLID
WASTES,
0736 MONITORING, INLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SHIPS, TANKERS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
0738 MONITORING, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
USN,
0755 MONITORING, FUEL OIL, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "REPRODUCTION,
0865 MONITORING, GUIDELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLH, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
DCS,
0901 MONITORING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
09^ MONITORING, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL,
0946 MONITORING, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SAMPLING,
0956 MONITORING, FATE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, SAMPLING, OCEANS, NOAA,
0461 MOVEMENT, JAPAN, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
SPREADING,
0482 MOVEMENT, MONITORING, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING,
SPREADING,
0745 MOVEMENT, MARSHES, ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, 'GRASS-CUTTING,
•HACKENSACK ESTUARY,
0823 MOVEMENT, MODELS, FATE, COST ANALYSIS, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
0846 MOVEMENT, ERDA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTAMINANTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, OCS, "SOUTHEASTERN U.S.,
0951 MOVEMENT, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, "BLOWOUTS, "OIL-IN-ICE,
0956 MOVEMENT, MONITORING, FATE, OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING, OCEANS, NOAA,
0963 MOVEMENT, MODELS, DRIFT, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, OCS,
0966 MOVEMENT, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0973 MOVEMENT, MODELS, DELAWARE, COASTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PORTS, NEW JERSEY,
0979 MOVEMENT, FATE, CHEDABUCTO BAY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS,
SEDIMENTS, PLANKTON,
0463 NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
0468 NATURAL SEEPAGE, CRUDE OIL, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, "OIL INPUT, SOURCES, OCEANS, WASTE
OIL, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
0469 NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCES, OCEANS, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS, "INPUT
ESTIMATES,
0511 NATURAL SEEPAGE, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, SURVEILLANCE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0515 NATURAL SEEPAGE, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, PLATFORMS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, USCG, "SIDE-LOOKING RADAR,
0811 NATURAL SEEPAGE, MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0973 NEW JERSEY, MOVEMENT, MODELS, DELAWARE, COASTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PORTS,
0800 NEW MEXICO, INVERTEBRATES, FUEL OIL, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
RESTORATION, STREAMS,
0525 NEW YORK, HYDROCARBONS, HARBORS, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, SAMPLING, "EXTRACTABLE
ORGANICS,
0862 NEW YORK, FISHERIES, COASTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS,
0968 NEW YORK, MODELS, HARBORS, DRIFT, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
0891 NOAA, MEXICO/GULF OF, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PUGET SOUND, TOXICITY,
0956 NOAA, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, FATE, OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING, OCEANS,
0453 NORTH SEA, LEAKAGE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, "NATO,
0454 NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS, "OXYGEN CORROSION,
0524 NORTH SEA, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BACTERIA, SAMPLING, TAR,
SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
0718 NORTH SEA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL FIELDS,
»BP FORTIES OILFIELD,
0753 NORTH SEA, CONTAINMENT, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS,
0848 NORWAY, LIABILITY, FRANCE, EUROPE, DENMARK, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, UK, "POLLUTION
DAMAGE,
0468 OCEANS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, CRUDE OIL, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, "OIL INPUT, SOURCES, WASTE
OIL, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS,
C469 OCEANS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCES, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS, "INPUT
ESTIMATES,
0490 OCEANS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL
29-1
-------
TECHNIQUES, TAR, SAMPLING,
0498 OCEANS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, SURVEILLANCE,
0538 OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING,
0641 OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, OIL TRANSFER,
•TRANSFER PROCESSES,
0732 OCEANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS,
0752 OCEANS, INLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS,
0831 OCEANS, PAH,
0832 OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS,
0919 OCEANS, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGPADATION, "NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS,
0956 OCEANS, NOAA, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, FATE, OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING,
0970 OCEANS, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
1001 OCEANS, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, US, SHIPS, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
0455 OCS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MEXICO/GULF OF, »USGS REPORT,
0458 OCS, PIPELINES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA,
•TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE,
0500 OCS, MONITORING, COASTS, EIS, OIL-GAS LEASING, REGULATIONS, ELM, "ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES PROJECT,
0835 OCS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ATLANTIC
OCEAN,
0841 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA,
0846 OCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MOVEMENT,
CONTAMINANTS, 'SOUTHEASTERN U.S., ERDA,
0851 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OIL SPILLS, WATER QUALITY,
ESTUARIES, COASTS,
0854 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0856 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DELAWARE, ATLANTIC
COAST,
0859 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS,
0865 OCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, GUIDELINES, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
BLK,
0866 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0868 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, HEALTH HAZARDS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0869 OCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BLM,
0873 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, "BASELINE
STUDIES,
0874 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, BIRDS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0875 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, BIRDS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0876 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, BIRDS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0877 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, BENTHOS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BEAUFOPT SEA, BERING SEA, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0878 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, FISH, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT,
•BASELINE STUDIES,
0879 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, PLANKTON, BENTHOS,
FISHERIES, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0880 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION,
0881 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, MICROORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0882 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION,
HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0883 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, "BASELINE STUDIES, "PHYSICAL
OCEANOGRAPHY, "METEOROLOGY,
0884 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, "BASELINE STUDIES, "GEOLOGIC
HAL'RDS, "MARINE GEOLOGY,
0885 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, "BASELINE STUDIES, "GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS,
0886 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, ICE, ARCTIC OCEAN, "BASELINE
STUDIES,
0889 OCS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, EIS, "GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK,
0893 OCS, OIL SPILLS, OIL-GAS LEASING, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, "RISK
ANALYSIS,
0895 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, FLORIDA,
0897 OCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
ATLANTIC COAST, CALIFORNIA COAST, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0896 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0902 OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, "USD!,
0903 OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BLM,
0904 OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
292
-------
0963 DCS, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, DRIFT, ALASKA/GULF OF,
0967 OCS, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, DRIFT, SHORELINES, BEAUFORT SEA, *STORM MODELING,
0985 OCS, LEGISLATION, US, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
ECONOMICS, DELAWARE,
0453 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, *NATO,
0458 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA,
•TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE,
0462 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICS, TANKERS, PIPELINES, »SPILL PREDICTIONS,
0524 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA,
TAR, SEDIMENTS, NOflTH SEA,
0638 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, TANKERS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
•DEEPWATER TERMINALS,
0835 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ATLANTIC
OCEAN,
0841 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA,
0843 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SCOTLAND,
0845 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, US, REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY,
0847 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, DELAWARE,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, "COASTAL RECREATION,
0848 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, EUROPE, UK, FRANCE, DENMARK, NORWAY, "POLLUTION
DAMAGE,
0851 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OIL SPILLS, WATER QUALITY,
ESTUARIES, COASTS,
0352 OFFSHOPE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0854 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0858 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DELAWARE, ATLANTIC
COAST,
0859 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS,
0860 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REGULATIONS,
ALASKA, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0866 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0868 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, HEALTH HAZARDS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0870 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
0873 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, "BASELINE
STUDIES,
0874 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, BIRDS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0875 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, BIRDS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0876 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
0877 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
BEAUFORT SEA, BERING SEA, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0878 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
"BASELINE STUDIES,
0879 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
FISHERIES, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0880 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION,
0881 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, MICROORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0882 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,-ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION,
HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, "BASELINE STUDIES,
0883 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, "BASELINE STUDIES,
OCEANOGRAPHY, "METEOROLOGY,
0884 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, "BASELINE STUDIES,
HAZARDS, "MARINE GEOLOGY,
0885 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, "BASELINE STUDIES,
HAZARDS,
0886 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, ICE, ARCTIC OCEAN,
STUDIES,
0887 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
FLORIDA,
0888 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REFINERIES, PORTS, COASTS, FLORIDA, GUIDELINES,
0891 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PUGET SOUND, MEXICO/GULF OF, FATE,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
0895 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, FLORIDA,
0896 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
0898 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0899 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0902 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, "USDI,
0904 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
0984 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
DELAWARE
BIRDS, "BASELINE STUDIES,
BENTHOS, MARINE ORGANISMS,-
FISH, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT,
PLANKTON, BENTHOS,
"PHYSICAL
"GEOLOGIC
"GEOLOGIC
"BASELINE
293
-------
0985 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, LEGISLATION, US, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
ECONOMICS, DELAWARE,
0173 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, 'KACHEMAK BAY,
0637 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, METULA SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
075.1 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, ICE, DISPERSANTS, CONTAINMENT,
INCINERATION,
0753 OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA,
0791 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, PLATFORMS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0836 OFFSHORE DRILLING, PLATFORMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0837 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•GEORGES BANK,
0816 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MOVEMENT,
CONTAMINANTS, 'SOUTHEASTERN U.S,, ERDA,
0853 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA COAST, ONSHORE
IMPACTS
0860 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REGULATIONS,
ALASKA, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0862 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, COASTS, HEW YORK,
0865 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, GUIDELINES, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
BLM,
0867 OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
0869 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BLM,
0870 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0890 OFFSHORE DRILLING, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, CANADA,
0897 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
ATLANTIC COAST, CALIFORNIA COAST, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0900 OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, ARCTIC, BEAUFORT SEA,
0905 OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, «AIR QUALITY
IMPACTS,
0951 OFFSHORE DRILLING, ICE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, ENVIROHMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC.
CANADA, 'BLOWOUTS, 'OIL-IN-ICE,
0973 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, PORTS, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE,
1001 OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LEGISLATION, US, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OCEANS,
SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
0810 OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, CONTAMINANTS, SPREADING, DISPERSIONS, PLATFORMS, OIL TRANSPORT,
0841 OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OIL-GAS LEASING, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FLORIDA, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
0687 OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
FLORIDA,
0151 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL SPILLS, PLATFORMS, NORTH SEA, 'OXYGEN CORROSION,
0736 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SHIPS, TANKERS, INLAND, MONITORING,
079« OFFSHORE PRODOCTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, PLATFORMS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0856 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ATLANTIC COAST, ERDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES,
CHRONIC EFFECTS,
0863 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•PRODUCED WATERS,
0871 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, LOUISIANA,
0161 OIL DISCHARGES, STATISTICS, US, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
0168 OIL DISCHARGES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, »OIL INPUT, SOURCES, OCEANS, CRUDE OIL, WASTE
OIL, TANKERS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
0176 OIL DISCHARGES, OIL SPILLS, PORTS, PIPELINES, REFINERIES, WATER QUALITY, 'PETROLEUM
FACILITIES,
0181 OIL DISCHARGES, US, SOURCES, USCG, "CAUSES,
0189 OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, BALLAST, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0506 OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, TJSN, »OIL CONTENT,
0617 OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "SLOP TANK,
0618 OIL DISCHARGES, OIL TRANSFER, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, REGULATIONS,
USCG,
0726 OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION CONTROL, LEGISLATION, EUROPE, 'MARINE POLLUTION,
0738 OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, CLEANUP, MONITORING,
QSN,
0856 OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ATLANTIC COAST, ERDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
0992 OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS, US, SHIPS, OIL TRANSFER, BILGES, USCG,
0631 OIL FIELDS, RESTORATION, INLAND, CONTAMINATION, SOIL, 'BRINES,
0718 OIL FIELDS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, PERSONNEL TRAINING, NORTH SEA,
•BP FORTIES OILFIELD,
0500 OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, MONITORING, COASTS, EIS, REGULATIONS, BLM, 'ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES PROJECT,
0811 OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FLORIDA, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
294
-------
0893 OIL-GAS LEASING, DCS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, "RISK
ANALYSIS,
0902 OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, "USDI
0903 OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BLM,
0452 OIL INDUSTRY, TANKERS, DEVELOPMENT, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, »SANSINENA EXPLOSION,
0471 OIL INDUSTRY, EXPLORATION, DRILLING, "MICHIGAN, "BAKER SANCTUARY,
0662 OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATEFS, WASTE OIL, SOLID WASTES, DISPOSAL, RECYCLING,
071U OIL INDUSTRY, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
RESTORATION,
0715 OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, CANADA,
0721 OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, GASOLINE, CLEANUP, "STANDARD OIL CO.
INDIANA,
0731 OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINING, SOURCES,
0741 OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, EPA,
0842 OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ECONOMICS, REFINING, EXPLORATION,
PRODUCTION,
0845 OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, US, REGULATIONS,
0847 OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, DELAWARE,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, »COASTAL RECREATION,
0853 OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA COAST, ONSHORE
IMPACTS,
0861 OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
0871 OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, LOUISIANA,
0892 OIL INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT, PIPELINES, STORAGE, SCOTLAND, »SULLOM VOE TERMINAL,
0988 OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, US, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0993 OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, PIPELINES, WASTEWATERS, GUIDELINES, EUROPE,
0995 OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, WASTEWATERS, EPA, "ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0997 OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, LEGISLATION, WATER
QUALITY, ECONOMICS,
0547 OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINANTS,
•BY-PRODUCT WATERS,
0839 OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, WILDLIFE, »US FISH & WILDLIFE
SERVICE,
0849 OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, EIS, COLORADO,
0850 OIL SHALE, PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOLID WASTES, WASTEWATERS,
0855 OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, EPA, "ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES,
0857 OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EXTRACTION,
0872 OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "LIQUID WASTES, SOLID WASTES,
"LEACHING,
0484 OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, PATENT, "OIL CONTENT, "ECHO SOUNDING,
0485 OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, SHIPS, SOLVENTS, SPECTROSCOPY, ABSORPTION, "LASER BEAM,
0502 OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, WASTEWATERS, DETECTION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0504 OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, RIVERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "INFRARED SCANNING OIL SENSOR,
0510 OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, EUROPE, "NIMBUS SATELLITE,
0511 OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0513 OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, "MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY,
0514 OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, "FRONTS, DELAWARE BAY, DRIFT, SPREADING, MODELS,
0515 OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, PLATFORMS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, USCG, "SIDE-LOOKING RADAR,
0519 OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, MONITORING,
0527 OIL SLICKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY, DETECTION,
0528 OIL SLICKS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ABSORPTION,
0570 OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0574 OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, BEAUFORT SEA, "ICE RIDGE KEEL,
0582 OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0590 OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, "OLEOPHILIC CONTAINER,
0592 'OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0593 OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0594 OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, EIODEGRADATION, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0595 OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, PATENT, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0596 OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0607 OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0610 OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0619 OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA, "OHMSETT,
0629 OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0908 OIL SLICKS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, CLEANUP, "NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT,
0913 OIL SLICKS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, "SUPERMICROBES,
295
-------
0915
0964
0983
0450
0453
0454
0455
0457
0456
0457
0459
0460
0461
0462
0465
0466
0467
0470
0473
0474
0475
0476
0477
0478
0480
0482
0501
0508
0512
0516
0517
0518
0530
0565
0566
0567
0569
0571
0572
0573
0575
0576
0577
0578
0579
0580
0581
0583
058«
0585
0586
0587
0588
0589
0591
0597
0598
0599
OIL SLICKS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, COASTS, FRESHWATER,
OIL SLICKS, DISPERSIONS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, MODELS, 'DISPERSIVE OIL LOSSES,
OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, ICE, 'CURRENT,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, TAR, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, 'LIBERIAN TANKERS,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, LEAKAGE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, 'NATO,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS, NORTH SEA, 'OXYGEN CORROSION,
OIL SPILLS, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MEXICO/GULF OF, 'USGS REPORT,
OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC COAST, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, »OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, 'SANSINENA
SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC COAST, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ALASKA, 'COLD BAY,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, SPAIN, 'SHELLFISH, 'URQUIOLA SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, TANKERS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, BEACHES,
JAPAN,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, STATISTICS, TANKERS, PIPELINES, 'SPILL PREDICTIONS,
OIL SPILLS, 'SALT WATER SPILLS, STATISTICS, PIPELINES, CANADA, 'ALBERTA,
OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, RIVERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, VEGETATION, PENNSYLVANIA,
•SCHUYLKILL SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL, ECOSYSTEMS, ARCTIC,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, «KACHEMAK BAY,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION'PREVENTION, BIRDS, WILDLIFE, CHESAPEAKE BAY, USCG,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, PORTS, PIPELINES, REFINERIES, WATER QUALITY, 'PETROLEUM
FACILITIES,
OIL SPILLS, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, MODELS, GREAT LAKES , COASTS, 'DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, APGO MERCHANT SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, SURVEILLANCE, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, EPA, USGS, USCG, »UN,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, SHIPS, SURVEILLANCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, USCO,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, LAW ENFORCEMENT, EPA,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, USCG, 'AIRBORNE COASTAL PATROL,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, MARSHES, CONTAMINATION, 'REMOTE LUMINESCENT
SENSOR,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, BEAUFORT SEA, 'OPTICAL TECHNIQUES,
OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FISH, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING,
•FDNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGR"APHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, SAMPLING, USCG,
OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, INCINERATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, USCG,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT,
BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'HIGH CURRENTS,
•BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
RIVERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•HYDROFOIL DEFLECTORS,
BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA, 'OHMSETT,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, RIVERS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, US, »DETROIT-ST.
CLAIR RIVER SYSTEM,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, COAGULATION, PATENT, 'POLYMERS,
OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PUGET SOUND,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HARBORS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'CLEAN SWEEP,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HARBORS, ESTUARIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'CLEAN SWEEP,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, USCG, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, MONITORING, CLEANUP, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, PIPELINES, ALASKA, 'OIL SPILL FUND,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ALASKA/GULF OF, COST
ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'OLEOPHILIC SPONGE,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SEAWATER, MOLLUSKS, OXIDATION, 'WATER PURIFICATION, 'MUSSELS,
•MYTILUS EDULIS,
OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, TOXICITY, BIODEGRADATION,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'DILUTION RATE,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, COST ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, API,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•OHMSETT,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, ECONOMICS, TEXAS, 'CORPUS CHRISTI,
296
-------
0600 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0601 OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, CANADA, 'CANADIAN COAST GUARD,
0602 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, STORAGE, FRANCE,
0603 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, COST ANALYSIS,
0604 OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, CLEANUP, CANADA, 'MAYTON OIL SPILL,
0605 OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, PATENT,
0606 OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, TOXICITY, EPA,
0608 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0609 OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, HARBORS, USN, 'DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM,
0611 OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, CALIFORNIA, 'OAKLAND ESTUARY,
•TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM,
0612 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, 'COLLECTION BARGE,
0614 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ICE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ARCTIC, CANADA, 'CLEAN SWEEP,
0615 OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, REMOTE SENSING, STORAGE, DISPOSAL,
0617 OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS,
0618 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION, RIVERS, ESTUARIES, HARBORS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA,
•OHMSETT,
0620 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CANADA,
0621 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, EMULSIFICATION, CANADA,
0623 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
062H OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, EPA, 'OHMSETT,
0625 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0626 OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MANUALS,
0627 OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, SURFACTANTS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0630 OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, WILDLIFE, SOLVENTS, TOXICITY, 'DETERGENTS,
0632 OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SOIL, VEGETATION, 'FORESTS,
0633 OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SOIL, BIODEGRADATION, PLANTS, 'FERTILIZERS,
063« OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SOIL, CANADA,
0635 OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, BIRDS, CLEANUP, SOLVENTS, DELAWARE, 'OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
0636 OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, SHIPS, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0637 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, TANKERS, METULA SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
0639 OIL- SPILLS, PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COASTS, 'DEEPWATER
PORTS,
0650 OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, ECONOMICS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS,
•STANDARDS,
0652 OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, US, REGULATIONS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
0653 OIL SPILLS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
0655 OIL SPILLS, PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PACIFIC OCEAN, 'PALAU, 'SUPERPORT,
0656 OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, GROUNDWATER, VEGETATION,
LOUISIANA, TEXAS, 'SALT DOMES,
0669 OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MANUALS, 'DEBRIS,
0670 OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, WASTE OIL, ABSORPTION, PATENT, 'METALLURGICAL PUMICE,
0705 OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, INCINERATION, CHESAPEAKE BAY, 'BLACK OIL,
0710 OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
TEXAS,
0711 OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, USCG,
•HIATUSPORT EXERCISE,
0712 OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
CANADA,
0713 OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, TEXAS, 'SPILL CONTROL COURSE,
0714 OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
RESTORATION,
0715 OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, CANADA,
0716 OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US, CANADA, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
0717 OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
0718 OIL SPILLS, OIL FIELDS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, PERSONNEL TRAINING, NORTH SEA,
•BP FORTIES OILFIELD,
0719 OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, 'RESOURCE SENSITIVITY MAPS, 'BRITISH
COLUMBIA,
0720 OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, 'CLEAN SEAS INC,
0721 OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, GASOLINE, CLEANUP, 'STANDARD OIL CO.
INDIANA,
0722 OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, BEAUFORT SEA, ICE,
0723 OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, COASTS, CANADA,
072U OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INLAND, CANADA, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
0725 OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, ECONOMICS, 'LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS,
0730 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, .CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
•OIL STORAGE PLAN,
0732 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCEANS, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0733 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, DETECTION, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL,
297
-------
0731 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, "COSTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, MODELS, 'POLLUTER RESPONSE,
0735 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SHORELINES, MARSHES,
0737 OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COLOMBIA, IMCO,
0739 OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, IMCO,
0742 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG, 'EQUIPMENT DELIVERY
SYSTEM,
QJHH OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0715 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ESTUARIES, MARSHES, MOVEMENT, "GRASS-CUTTING,
"HACKENSACK ESTUARY,
0716 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, "FOREST INDUSTRY,
0751 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, ICE, DISPERSANTS, CONTAINMENT,
INCINERATION,
0752 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OCEANS, INLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP,
0753 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT, NORTH SEA,
0754 OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, JAPAN, "TEST FACILITIES,
0758 OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WEATHERING, PLANKTON, FISH, BENTHOS,
ATLANTIC COAST,
0766 OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, RESTORATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, SAN FRANCISCO BAY,
0767 OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
MARSHES, CORAL REEFS, FLORIDA COAST,
0772 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, MAINE, "TOMANO SPILL,
0776 OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, VEGETATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, CANADA,
0781 OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, MOLLUSKS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
•MARSH GRASS,
0782 OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, VEGETATION, MICROORGANISMS, SOIL, CANADA,
0786 OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA,
0797 OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL REGIONS,
COASTS, PUERTO RICO, "MANGROVES, "TURTLE GRASS,
0800 OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, RESTORATION, STREAMS, INVERTEBRATES, FISH,
NEW MEXICO,
0813 OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, PLANTS, ANIMALS, USN,
0816 OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, "NANNOPLANKTERS,
0818 OIL SPILLS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY, POLLUTION CONTROL, "SHELL OIL CO.,
0820 OIL SPILLS, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FISHERIES, CARIBBEAN SEA, "GUATEMALA,
0821 OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TOXICITY, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, APGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0823 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, FATE, MOVEMENT, CLEANUP, COST ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
082U OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS, WILDLIFE, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
"WORLD WAR II SPILLS,
0825 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, SHORELINES,
PORTUGAL,
0826 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, SOURCES, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, "BOOK
REVIEW,
0828 OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, AHGO MERCHANT SPILL, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, TOXICITY,
0832 OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
0833 OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, LAW ENFORCEMENT, REGULATIONS,
0835 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ATLANTIC
OCEAN,
0837 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
"GEORGES BANK,
08«7 OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, DELAWARE,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, "COASTAL RECREATION,
0851 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, WATER QUALITY,
ESTUARIES, COASTS,
0862 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, FISHERIES, COASTS, NEW YORK,
0867 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0893 OIL SPILLS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, "RISK
ANALYSIS,
0895 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, FLORIDA,
0896 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
0897 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
ATLANTIC COAST, CALIFORNIA COAST, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0901 OIL SPILLS, EXPLORATION, PRODUCTION, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLANTS,
WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0907 OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, PATENT, AFRICA/SOUTH,
0910 OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CLEANUP, "MICROBIAL GENETIC ENGINEERING,
091« OIL SPILLS, EIODEGRADATION, SOIL/ FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0935 OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, DECOMPOSITION, MICROORGANISMS, MODELS, "NUTRIENT
DEMAND,
0938 OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
09^7 OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, SEDIMENTS, BACTERIA, CHESAPEAKE BAY, "COLGATE CREEK,
0950 OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, SOLUTION,
0951 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ICE, MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC,
298
-------
CANADA, "BLOWOUTS, 'OIL-IN-ICE,
0952 OIL SPILLS, BEHAVIOR, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, PIPELINES, CANADA, INLAND,
0953 OIL SPILLS, BEHAVIOR, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, 'SURFACE WATERS, 'WATER-SOLUBLE
FRACTIONS,
095*1 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
0956 OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT, SAMPLING, MONITORING, OCEANS, NOAA,
0957 OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, OXIDATION, TAR,
0958 OIL SPILLS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, API,
0959 OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP', DISPERSANTS, SPREADING, EMULSIFICATION, WEATHERING,
0961 OIL SPILLS, INLAND, FATE, CRUDE OIL, MODELS, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER,
0962 OIL SPILLS, FATE, INLAND, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, 'PERSISTENCE,
0963 OIL SPILLS, DCS, MODELS, MOVEMENT, DRIFT, ALASKA/GULF OF,
0967 OIL SPILLS, OCS, MODELS, DRIFT, SHORELINES, BEAUFORT SEA, 'STORM MODELING,
0968 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, HARBORS, SPREADING, DRIFT, NEW YORK,
0969 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, SPREADING, SOLUTION, EMULSIFICATION,
ADSORPTION, DECOMPOSITION,
0970 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, FATE, SPREADING, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION,
0971 OIL SPILLS, FATE, TOXICITY, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, API,
0973 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MODELS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, PORTS, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE,
0974 OIL SPILLS, FATE, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING, SOLUTION,
EMULSIFICATION, TAR,
0975 OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, WEATHERING, TAR, EVAPORATION, SOLUTION, 'SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0979 OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, FATE, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANKTON,
BENTHOS, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
0982 OIL SPILLS, FATE, MODELS, DRIFT, SPREADING, DELAWARE BAY,
0989 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, COMPENSATION, WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ECONOMICS, 'LEGAL ASPECTS,
0991 OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY, COMPENSATION, 'SUPER-FUND,
1000 OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
1001 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LEGISLATION, US, INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENTS, OCEANS, SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1004 OIL" SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, RECOVERY,
BALLAST, BILGES,
0451 OIL TANKS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, 'EXPLOSIONS, 'SAFETY SYSTEMS,
0496 OIL TANKS, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0616 OIL TANKS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, SURFACTANTS,
0622 OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, GASOLINE, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, GROUNDWATER,
0727 OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, SOIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0728 OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0750 OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
06*11 OIL TRANSFER, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, FOOD WEB,
•TRANSFER PROCESSES,
0612 OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, FLORIDA, MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, 'DEEPWATER PORTS,
0648 OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, REGULATIONS,
USCG,
0986 OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, LEGISLATION, DELAWARE BAY,
0992 OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS, US, SHIPS, BILGES, USCG,
0567 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, USCG,
0636 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0610 OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, WASHINGTON, PUGET SOUND,
0646 OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, CALIFORNIA,
0649 OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ESTUARIES, PLANTS, ANIMALS,
MONITORING, FLORIDA,
0650 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ECONOMICS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS,
•STANDARDS,
0653 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
0655 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, PORTS, STORAGE, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PACIFIC OCEAN, »PALAU, 'SUPERPORT,
0840 OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, CONTAMINANTS, SPREADING, DISPERSIONS, PLATFORMS,
0897 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, TANKERS,
ATLANTIC COAST, CALIFORNIA COAST, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0491 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, PATENT,
0507 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, BILGES, SHIPS, PATENT,
0532 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
0598 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•OHMSETT,
0620 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, SKIMMERS, CANADA,
0623 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0636 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0658 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0659 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0660 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, BELGIUM,
299
-------
0663 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, COALESCENCE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0664 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0665 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, PATENT,
0666 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION, PRECIPITATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0667 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, FLOTATION,
0672 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BALLAST, COALESCENCE, PATENT,
0678 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, FILTRATION,
0680 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BILGES, FILTRATION, »TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM,
0681 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, PRECIPITATION, PH CONTROL,
PATENT,
0663 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, PATENT, 'POLYOLEFIN,
0686 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0687 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
0689 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, FLOTATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0690 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, "DETERGENTS,
0692 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, PATENT,
0693 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0698 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL WELLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0699 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, WATER QUALITY, "ENERGY
REQUIREMENTS,
0700 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION, PATENT,
0701 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0702 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ABSORPTION, PATENT,
0739 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, SHIPS, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, IMCO, .
0996 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PRODUCTION, STORAGE,
DISTRIBUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
1004 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, RECOVERY,
BALLAST, BILGES,
0698 OIL WELLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
0912 OIL WELLS, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL, BACTERIA, SOIL, 'PETROLEUM WASTE,
0843 ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SCOTLAND,
0844 ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FLORIDA,
0853 ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA
COAST,
0887 ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
FLORIDA,
0888 ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
REFINERIES, PORTS, COASTS, FLORIDA, GUIDELINES,
0819 OREGON, PAH, CARCINOGENS, MOLLUSKS, ESTUARIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, 'BENZO(AJPYRENE,
0586 OXIDATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SEAWATER, MOLLUSKS, »WATER PURIFICATION, 'MUSSELS,
•MYTILUS EDULIS,
0909 OXIDATION, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SOIL, MICROORGANISMS, 'OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE,
0921 OXIDATION, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, 'OIL BIODEGRADATION RATE,
0930 OXIDATION, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA, POLLUTION CONTROL, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0941 OXIDATION, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
MICROORGANISMS,
0955 OXIDATION, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, YEASTS, «HYDROPEROXIDES,
0957 OXIDATION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, TAR,
0977 OXIDATION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION,
•PHOTOOXIDATION,
0520 PACIFIC OCEAN, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "TANKER ROUTES,
0521 PACIFIC OCEAN, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, 'TANKER ROUTES,
0655 PACIFIC OCEAN, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, PORTS, STORAGE, SOCIAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, «PALAU, 'SUPEPPORT,
0486 PAH, MONITORING, COASTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SAMPLING, CARCINOGENS,
•FLUORIMETRY, 'COASTAL WATERS,
0487 PAH, MONITORING, HOLLUSKS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, CARCINOGENS, 'MUSSELS,
•BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0544 PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'SHELLFISH,
0555 PAH. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
•LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY,
Oi58 PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SOIL, 'THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0566 PAH, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, INCINERATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0801 PAH, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, «BEN20(AJPYRENE, 'MICROSOMAL
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES,
0819 PAH, OREGON, CARCINOGENS, MOLLUSKS, ESTUARIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, »BENZO(A)PYRENE,
0831 PAH, OCEANS,
0923 PAH, BIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CARCINOGENS, MICROORGANISMS,
0924 PAH, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA, CARCINOGENS,
0972 PAH, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, RIVERS, ATLANTIC COAST, ADSORPTION, BIODEGRADATION,
0978 PAH, CARCINOGENS, FATE, DECOMPOSITION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
300
-------
1002 PAH, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FUEL OIL, CARCINOGENS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1003 PAH, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, SOURCES, FATE, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, CARCINOGENS, CRUDE OIL,
0484 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, "OIL CONTENT, »ECHO SOUNDING,
0491 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS,
0196 PATENT, OIL TANKS, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0502 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, WASTEWATERS, DETECTION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0503 PATENT, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0507 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, BILGES, SHIPS,
0570 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0571 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0576 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, COAGULATION, "POLYMERS,
0585 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'OLEOPHILIC SPONGE,
0590 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OLEOPHILIC CONTAINER,
0592 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0593 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0594 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0595 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, "NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS,
0596 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0605 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
0607 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0610 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0612 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "COLLECTION BARGE,
0613 PATENT, WASTE OIL, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
0625 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0628 PATENT, ADSORPTION, CONTAMINANTS, "POLYURETHANE FOAM,
0629 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0658 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0659 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0663 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, COALESCENCE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0664 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0665 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE,
0670 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, WASTE OIL, ABSORPTION, "METALLURGICAL PUMICE,
0672 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BALLAST, COALESCENCE,
0681 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, PRECIPITATION, PH
CONTROL,
0683 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION, "POLYOLEFIN,
0684 PATENT, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, REFINING,
0686 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0689 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, FLOTATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0692 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION,
0693 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0695 PATENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, EMULSIONS,
0696 PATENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
0697 PATENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0698 PATENT, OIL WELLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0700 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION,
0702 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ABSORPTION,
0703 PATENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
0707 PATENT, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION,
0727 PATENT, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, SOIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0728 PATENT, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0710 PATENT, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
0743 PATENT, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0747 PATENT, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "SEALING MATERIAL,
0748 PATENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, LUBRICATING OIL,
0749 PATENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LUBRICATING OIL,
0750 PATENT, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0907 PATENT, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, AFRICA/SOUTH,
0466 PENNSYLVANIA, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, RIVERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, VEGETATION,
•SCHUYLKILL SPILL,
0927 PENNSYLVANIA, BIODEGRADATION, GASOLINE, GROUNDWATER, "NUTRIENT ADDITION,
0710 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
TEXAS,
0711 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, USCG,
•HIATUSPORT EXERCISE,
0712 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
CANADA,
0713 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, TEXAS, "SPILL CONTROL COURSE,
301
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0714 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
RESTORATION,
0715 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION CONTROL,
CLEANUP, CANADA,
0718 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, OIL FIELDS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, NORTH SEA,
»EP FORTIES OILFIELD,
0724 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INLAND, CANADA,
0744 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0534 PETROCHEMICALS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATERS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, «GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0542 PETROCHEMICALS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
FUELS, WASTEWATERS,
0685 PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ECONOMICS, LEGISLATION, GERMANY, WEST,
0688 PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
0704 PETROCHEMICALS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, STORAGE, MANUALS, USN,
0943 PETROCHEMICALS, BIODEG8ADATION, MICROORGANISMS, METAEOLISM,
0528 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ABSORPTION,
0534 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINANTS,
WASTEWATERS, «GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0542 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
FUELS, WASTEWATERS,
0551 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, MONITORING,
0555 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
•LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0563 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
0607 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0696 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
0730 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
•OIL STORAGE PLAN,
0740 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, LEAKAGE, DETECTION,
0784 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS,
0785 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUELS, TOXICITY, PHYTOPLANKTON,
0796 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS,
0798 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, »SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, "RESPIRATION, "GROWTH,
0936 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BARENT SEA, BALTIC SEA, ATLANTIC
OCEAN,
0940 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, CASPIAN SEA, USSR,
0941 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OXIDATION, BIODBGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
MICROORGANISMS,
0942 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL,
GROUNDWATER, USSR,
0987 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, REGULATIONS, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
FEA, "MANDATORY OIL IMPORT PROGRAM,
1002 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FUEL OIL, CARCINOGENS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0681 PH CONTROL, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
PRECIPITATION,
0785 PHYTOPLANKTON, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUELS, TOXICITY,
0453 PIPELINES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA,
•TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE,
0462 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, STATISTICS, TANKERS, »SPILL PREDICTIONS,
0465 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, 'SALT WATER SPILLS, STATISTICS, CANADA, "ALBERTA,
0476 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, PORTS, REFINERIES, WATER QUALITY, »P£TROLEUM
FACILITIES,
0502 PIPELINES, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, WASTEWATERS, DETECTION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0583 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, ALASKA, *OIL SPILL FUND,
0646 PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, CALIFORNIA,
0649 PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ESTUARIES, PLANTS, ANIMALS,
MONITORING, FLORIDA,
0651 PIPELINES, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, "MINI-COMPUTERS,
0653 PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
0747 PIPELINES, PATENT, LEAKAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "SEALING MATERIAL,
0892 PIPELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT, STORAGE, SCOTLAND, "SULLOM VOE TERMINAL,
0895 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FLORIDA,
0952 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, BEHAVIOR, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, CANADA, INLAND,
0993 PIPELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, WASTEWATERS, GUIDELINES, EUROPE,
0758 PLANKTON, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WEATHERING, FISH, BENTHOS,
ATLANTIC COAST,
0879 PLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, BENTHOS,
FISHERIES, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0979 PLANKTON, OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, FATE, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BENTHOS, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
0633 PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SOIL, BIODEGRADATION, "FERTILIZERS,
302
-------
0649 PLANTS, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ESTUARIES, ANIMALS,
MONITORING, FLORIDA,
0729 PLANTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, 'NATURAL GAS MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, SOLID
WASTES,
0792 PLANTS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TROPICAL REGIONS, MALAYSIA, 'PIONEER MANGROVE,
•AVICENNIA INTERMEDIA,
0813 PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, ANIMALS, USN,
0901 PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, EXPLORATION, PRODUCTION, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0154 PLATFORMS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, 'OXYGEN CORROSION,
0515 PLATFORMS, OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, USCG, 'SIDE-LOOKING RADAR,
0778 PLATFORMS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, SEDIMENTS, TEXAS, 'TRINITY BAY,
•NAPHTHALENES, 'CLAM, 'RANGIA CUNEATA,
0794 PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0836 PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0840 PLATFORMS, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, CONTAMINANTS, SPREADING, DISPERSIONS,
0869 PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BLM,
0894 PLATFORMS, DEVELOPMENT, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND,
0501 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, SURVEILLANCE, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, EPA, USGS, USCG, 'UN,
0512 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, CLEANUP, LAW ENFORCEMENT, EPA,
0599 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ECONOMICS, TEXAS, 'CORPUS CHRISTI,
0611 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CALIFORNIA, 'OAKLAND ESTUARY,
•TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM,
0637 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, TANKERS, METULA SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
0650 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ECONOMICS, REGULATIONS,
•STANDARDS,
0673 POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, CONSERVATION, 'WATER REUSE,
0711 POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, USCG,
'HIATUSPORT EXERCISE,
0712 POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
CANADA,
0714 POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
RESTORATION,
0715 POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
CLEANUP, CANADA,
0725 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, ECONOMICS, 'LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS,
0726 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, EUROPE, 'MARINE POLLUTION,
0729 POLLUTION CONTROL, PLANTS, REFINERIES, 'NATURAL GAS MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, SOLID
WASTES,
0733 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, DISPOSAL,
0734 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, 'COSTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, MODELS, 'POLLUTER RESPONSE,
0741 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, EPA,
0742 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG, 'EQUIPMENT DELIVERY
SYSTEM,
0744 POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0745 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, MARSHES, MOVEMENT, 'GRASS-CUTTING,
•HACKENSACK ESTUARY.,
0748 POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
0752 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, INLAND,. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP,
0818 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY, 'SHELL OIL CO.,
0834 POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, LEGISLATION, US,
0842 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, ECONOMICS, REFINING, EXPLORATION,
PRODUCTION,
0861 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
0864 POLLUTION CONTROL, EXPLORATION, SEAWATER,
0900 POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, ARCTIC, BEAUFORT SEA,
0930 POLLUTION CONTROL, OXIDATION, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0966 POLLUTION CONTROL, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, HYDROCARBONS, MOVEMENT,
0985 POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, LEGISLATION, US, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECONOMICS, DELAWARE,
0988 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, US, REFINERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0990 POLLUTION CONTROL, LEGISLATION, CLEANUP, LIABILITY, COST ANALYSIS, 'FEDERAL WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL ACT,
0996 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PRODUCTION
, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION,
1004 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, RECOVERY,
BALLAST, BILGES,
0467 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
3i)3
-------
0474 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BIRDS, WILDLIFE, CHESAPEAKE BAY, USCG,
0567 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, USCG,
0636 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS,
0648 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, REGULATIONS,
USCG,
0661 POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, 'SURFACE WATERS, BELGIUM,
0710 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING.
TEXAS
072? POLLUTION PREVENTION, PATENT, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, SOIL, STORAGE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0730 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
•OIL STORAGE PLAN,
0731 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINING, SOURCES,
0732 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0735 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SHORELINES, MARSHES,
0738 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, CLEANUP, MONITORING,
USN,
0739 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
SHIPS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, IMCO,
0746 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, "FOREST INDUSTRY,
0747 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PIPELINES, PATENT, LEAKAGE, "SEALING MATERIAL,
07"9 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
0754 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, JAPAN, *TEST FACILITIES,
0998 POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, REGULATIONS, TANKERS,
0999 POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, USCG,
100! POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LEGISLATION, US,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OCEANS, SHIPS,
0802 POLYCHAETES, CONTAMINATION, SEDIMENTS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM,
•FEEDING ACTIVITY, *AREMICOLA MARINA,
0804 POLYCHAETES, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, RELEASE, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, «NEANTH£S
ARENACEODENTATA,
0805 POLYCHAETES, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, *NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0476 PORTS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, REFINERIES, WATER QUALITY, "PETROLEUM
FACILITIES,
0638 PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, TANKERS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
•DEEPWATEH TERMINALS,
0639 PORTS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COASTS, "DEEPWATER
PORTS,
0642 PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, FLORIDA, MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, "PEEPWATER PORTS,
0654 PORTS, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REGULATIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0655 PORTS, PACIFIC OCEAN, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, SOCIAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, »PALAU, «SUPESPORT,
0888 PORTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, REFINERIES, COASTS, FLORIDA, GUIDELINES,
0973 PORTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MODELS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE,
0986 PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, LEGISLATION, DELAWARE BAY,
0825 PORTUGAL, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS,
SHORELINES,
0666 PRECIPITATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0681 PRECIPITATION, PH CONTROL, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
ADSORPTION,
0842 PRODUCTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, ECONOMICS, REFINING,
EXPLORATION,
0850 PRODUCTION, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOLID WASTES, WASTEWATERS,
0901 PRODUCTION, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, EXPLORATION, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0995 PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, EXTRACTION, WASTEWATERS, EPA, 'ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
0996 PRODUCTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION,
0797 PUERTO RICO, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL
REGIONS, COASTS, 'MANGROVES, "TURTLE GRASS,
0577 PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0640 PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, WASHINGTON,
0768 PUGET SOUND, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0827 PUGET SOUND, CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0891 PUGET SOUND, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MEXICO/GULF OF, FATE,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
0684 RECLAMATION, PATENT, WASTE OIL, REFINING,
0707 RECLAMATION, PATENT, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
0708 RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, CRUDE OIL,
0709 RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
0470 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPOSAL, ECOSYSTEMS, ARCTIC,
304
-------
0577 RECOVERY, PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0578 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, HARBORS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0579 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, HARBORS, ESTUARIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0582 RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS,
0585 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OLEOPHILIC SPONGE,
0588 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0590 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OLEOPHILIC CONTAINER,
0591 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATER, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, COST ANALYSIS,
0592 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0596 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0598 RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
"OHMSETT,
0600 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0602 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, STORAGE, FRANCE,
0603 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, CLEANUP, COST ANALYSIS, /
0608 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0610 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0612 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "COLLECTION BARGE,
0614 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ICE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ARCTIC, CANADA, "CLEAN SWEEP,
0615 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, CONTAINMENT, REMOTE SENSING, STORAGE, DISPOSAL,
0618 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, RIVERS, ESTUARIES, HARBORS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,. EPA,
"OHMSETT,
0620 RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, SKIMMERS, CANADA,
0621 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, EMULSIFICATION, CANADA,
0622 RECOVERY, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, GASOLINE, CONTAINMENT, GROUNDWATER,
0623 RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0624 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, EPA, "OHMSETT,
0625 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0629 RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
07U RECOVERY, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, CLEANUP,
RESTORATION,
0733 RECOVERY, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, CONTAINMENT, DISPOSAL,
0754 RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, JAPAN, "TEST FACILITIES,
0826 RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, SOURCES, CLEANUP, "BOOK
REVIEW,
1004 RECOVERY, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
BALLAST, BILGES,
0662 RECYCLING, OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, SOLID WASTES, DISPOSAL,
0706 RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, REUSE, DISPOSAL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0918 RECYCLING, BIODEGRADATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
0472 REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCES, DISTRIBUTION, INDUSTRIES, "MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES,
"RUNOFF,
0476 REFINERIES, PORTS, PIPELINES, OIL "SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, WATER QUALITY, "PETROLEUM
FACILITIES,
0479 REFINERIES, INDUSTRIES, DELAWARE, "URBAN RUNOFF, "OIL CONTENT, "DELAWARE ESTUARY,
0519 REFINERIES, OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, WASTEWATERS, MONITORING,
0531 REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
0548 REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, HYDROCARBONS, DELAWARE, "OIL CONTENT, "URBAN RUNOFF,
"DELAWARE ESTUARY,
0555 REFINERIES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, WASTEWATERS,
"LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0561 REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS,
"SEWAGE, "URBAN RUNOFF, REGULATIONS, DELAWARE,
0660 REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BELGIUM,
0661 REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "SURFACE WATERS, BELGIUM,
0668 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, CONSERVATION,
0673 REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONSERVATION, "WATER REUSE,
0674 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , GUIDELINES,
0675 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, "INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT,
0676 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "COLLOID DESTABILIZATION,
0677 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "CHEMICAL TREATMENT, "WATERBORNE COLLOIDS,
0678 REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
0679 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , "BIOCHEMISTRY,
0687 REFINERIES,- OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
0699 REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER QUALITY, "ENERGY
REQUIREMENTS,
0729 REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PLANTS, "NATURAL GAS MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, SOLID
WASTES,
0741 REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, EPA,
0764 REFINERIES, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, CONTAMINATION, MOLLUSKS, FOOD WEB,
"FOOD CHAIN ACCUMULATION, "3,4-BEN20PYRENE,
0769 REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY, FISH, "AQUATIC LIFE, CANADA,
0790 REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY, FRESHWATER, FISH, INVERTEBRATES, "LETHAL
CONCENTRATION,
0888 REFINERIES, PORTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
305
-------
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COASTS, FLORIDA, GUIDELINES,
0918 REFINERIES, RECYCLING, BIODEGRADATION, WASTEWATERS,
0960 REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, SAMPLING, "SURFACE MICROLASER COMPOSITION,
0988 REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, US, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0997 REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, HASTEWATER TREATMENT, LEGISLATION, WATER
QUALITY, ECONOMICS,
0684 REFINING, RECLAMATION, PATENT, WASTE OIL,
0731 REFINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL INDUSTRY, SOURCES,
0842 REFINING, PRODUCTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, REGULATIONS, ECONOMICS,
EXPLORATION,
0450 REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, TAR, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, "LIBERIAN TANKERS,
0500 REGULATIONS, OIL-GAS LEASING, DCS, MONITORING, COASTS, EIS, BLM, "ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES PROJECT,
0561 REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
WASTEWATERS, *SEWAGE, 'URBAN RUNOFF, DELAWARE,
0640 REGULATIONS, PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, WASHINGTON,
0648 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
OSCG,
0650 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ECONOMICS,
•STANDARDS,
0653 REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, US, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
0654 REGULATIONS, PORTS, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0833 REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, AHGO MERCHANT SPILL, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
0834 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, US,
0842 REGULATIONS, REFINING, PRODUCTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS,
EXPLORATION,
0845 REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, US,
0860 REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
ALASKA, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0984 REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
DELAWARE,
0987 REGULATIONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
FEA, 'MANDATORY OIL IMPORT PROGRAM,
0992 REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, US, SHIPS, BILGES, USCG,
0993 REGULATIONS, PIPELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS, GUIDELINES, EUROPE,
0998 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, TANKERS,
0771 RELEASE, FISH, 'NAPHTHALENES, DISTRIBUTION, UPTAKE, 'STRESS BEHAVIOR, »FUNDULUS
SIMILUS,
0778 RELEASE, PLATFORMS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, SEDIMENTS, TEXAS, 'TRINITY BAY,
•NAPHTHALENES, 'CLAM, »RANGIA CUNEATA,
0789 RELEASE, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE,' 'MODIOLUS DEMISSUS, »CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA, »PETRO-SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0799 RELEASE, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, MARINE ORGANISMS, UPTAKE,
0804 RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, «NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0482 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL,
0508 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, SURVEILLANCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, USCG,
0510 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, EUROPE, 'NIMBUS SATELLITE,
0511 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
0512 REMOTE SENSING, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, LAW ENFORCEMENT, EPA,
0513 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, 'MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY,
0514 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, »FRONTS, DELAWARE BAY, DRIFT, SPREADING, MODELS,
0515 REMOTE SENSING, PLATFORMS, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, USCG, 'SIDE-LOOKING RADAR,
0516 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, USCG, 'AIRBORNE COASTAL PATROL,
0517 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, MARSHES, CONTAMINATION, 'REMOTE LUMINESCENT
SENSOR,
0518 REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, BEAUFORT SEA, "OPTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0519 REMOTE SENSING, REFINERIES, OIL SLICKS, WASTEWATERS, MONITORING,
0615 REMOTE SENSING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, CONTAINMENT, STORAGE, DISPOSAL,
0604 RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CANADA, »MAYTON OIL SPILL,
0630 RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, WILDLIFE, SOLVENTS, TOXICITY, 'DETERGENTS,
0631 RESTORATION, OIL FIELDS, INLAND, CONTAMINATION, SOIL, 'BRINES,
0632 RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, VEGETATION, 'FORESTS,
0633 RESTORATION, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, BIODEGRADATION, 'FERTILIZERS,
0634 RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, CANADA,
0635 RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, CLEANUP, SOLVENTS, DELAWARE, 'OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
0714 RESTORATION, RECOVERY, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, OIL
INDUSTRY, CLEANUP,
0766 RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SAN FRANCISCO BAY,
0777 RESTORATION, CONSERVATION, BIRDS, AFRICA/SOUTH, 'JACKASS PENGUIN,
0800 RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, STREAMS, INVERTEBRATES, FISH,
306
-------
NEW MEXICO,
0673 REUSE, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONSERVATION, »WATER
0706 REUSE, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, DISPOSAL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0916 RHODE ISLAND, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER,
NARRAGANSETT BAY,
0466 RIVERS, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, VEGETATION, PENNSYLVANIA,
. "SCHUYLKILL SPILL,
0501 RIVERS, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "INFRARED SCANNING OIL SENSOR,
0572 RIVERS, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "HYDROFOIL DEFLECTORS,
0575 RIVERS, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, US, *DETROIT-ST.
CLAIR RIVER SYSTEM,
0618 RIVERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ABSORPTION, ESTUARIES, HARBORS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EPA,
"OHMSETT, .
0972 RIVERS, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, ATLANTIC COAST, ADSORPTION, BIODEGRADATION,
01486 SAMPLING, PAH, MONITORING, COASTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS,
"FLUORIMETRY, "COASTAL WATERS,
0490 SAMPLING, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, TAR, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0495 SAMPLING, MONITORING, TAR, DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0520 SAMPLING, PACIFIC OCEAN, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "TANKER ROUTES,
0521 SAMPLING, PACIFIC OCEAN, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, "TANKER ROUTES,
0522 SAMPLIt.G, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, DISTRIBUTION,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0523 SAMPLING, BENTHOS, ESTUARIES, WATER QUALITY, ALASKA, "EPIFAUNA,
0524 SAMPLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA,
TAR, SEDIMENTS, NORTH SEA,
0525 SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, "EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS, HARBORS, NEW YORK, CONTAMINATION,
DISTRIBUTION,
0526 SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, BENTHOS, UPTAKE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TAR, "ABYSSAL
DEPTHS,
0538 SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0539 SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, ALGAE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MEXICO/GULF OF, MISSISSIPPI
RIVER,
0565 SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY USCG
0946 SAMPLING, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, MONITORING, FATE,
0956 SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, OCEANS, NOAA,
0960 SAMPLING, REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, "SURFACE MICROLAYER COMPOSITION,
0766 SAN FRANCISCO BAY, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0511 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, NATURAL
SEEPAGE,
0515 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, REMOTE SENSING, PLATFORMS, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, USCG, "SIDE-LOOKING RADAR,
0720 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, "CLEAN SEAS INC,
0811 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, CRUDE OIL, NATURAL SEEPAGE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
MOLLUSKS,
0836 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0905 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, "AIR QUALITY
IMPACTS,
0568 SARGASSO SEA, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROMETRY, DISTRIBUTION,
0843 SCOTLAND, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0892 SCOTLAND, PIPELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT, STORAGE, "SULLOM VOE TERMINAL,
0894 SCOTLAND, PLATFORMS, DEVELOPMENT, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0529 SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0553 SEAWATER, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION,
0586 SEAWATEH, OXIDATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, MOLLUSKS, "WATER PURIFICATION, "MUSSELS,
"MYTILUS EDULIS,
0799 SEAWATER, RELEASE, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, UPTAKE,
0804 SEAWATER, RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, SEDIMENTS, "NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0864 SEAWATER, POLLUTION CONTROL, EXPLORATION,
0916 SEAWATER, RHODE ISLAND, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
NAPRAGANSETT BAY,
0932 SEAWATER, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
0933 SEAWATER, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, "HEXADECANE, "ORGANIC SUBSTANCES,
0499 SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, DETECTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, "OIL-IN-WATER,
"BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS,
0505 SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN,
0522 SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, DISTRIBUTION,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0524 SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, MICROORGANISMS,
307
-------
BACTERIA, TAB, NORTH SEA,
0526 SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, BENTHOS, UPTAKE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TAR, "ABYSSAL
DEPTHS,
0539 SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, ALGAE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MEXICO/GOLF OF, MISSISSIPPI
RIVER,
05*16 SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, 'WATER ANALYSIS,
0549 SEDIMENTS, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROHATOGBAPHY, SOLVENTS,
•N-PARAFFINS,
0560 SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, LAKES
WASHINGTON,
0772 SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, MAINE, »TOMANO SPILL,
0773 SEDIMENTS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS, ALASKA,
0778 SEDIMENTS, RELEASE, PLATFORMS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, TEXAS, 'TRINITY BAY,
•NAPHTHALENES, »CLAM, 'RANGIA CUNEATA,
0802 SEDIMENTS, POLYCHAETES, CONTAMINATION, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM,
'FEEDING ACTIVITY, 'AREHICOLA MARINA,
0804 SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, »NEANTH£S
ARENACEODENTATA,
0808 SEDIMENTS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, BEHAVIOR, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
»CLAM, «MACOMA BALTHICA,
0838 SEDIMENTS, DRILLING, CORALS, "DRILL MOD, 'CLEARING RATES,
0871 SEDIMENTS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, LOUISIANA,
0916 SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, RHODE ISLAND, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA,
NARRAGANSETT BAY,
0931 SEDIMENTS, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MICROORGANISMS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SENTHOS,
0917 SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CHESAPEAKE BAY, 'COLGATE CREEK,
0976 SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BEHAVIOR, SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0979 SEDIMENTS, PLANKTON, OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, FATE, MOVEMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BENTHOS, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
0980 SEDIMENTS, FUEL OIL, FATE, WEATHERING, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, CHEDABUCTO
BAY,
0981 SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, LAKES,
0483 SHIPS, MONITORING, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG, 'OIL-IN-WATER,
0«85 SHIPS, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, SOLVENTS, SPECTROSCOPY, ABSORPTION, 'LASER BEAM,
0«94 SHIPS, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, BALLAST, BILGES,
0506 SHIPS, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN, 'OIL CONTENT,
0507 SHIPS, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, BILGES,
0508 SHIPS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, SURVEILLANCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, USCG,
0636 SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
0701 SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0736 SHIPS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, TANKERS, INLAND, MONITORING,
0738 SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, CLEANUP, MONITORING,
USN,
0739 SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, IMCO,
0992 SHIPS, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, US, BILGES, USCG,
1001 SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
LEGISLATION, US, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OCEANS,
0735 SHORELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MARSHES,
0825 SHORELINES, PORTUGAL, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, CLEANUP,
DISPERSANTS,
0830 SHORELINES, CONTAMINATION, JAPAN, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
0967 SHORELINES, OIL SPILLS, OCS, MODELS, DRIFT, BEAUFORT SEA, 'STORM MODELING,
0577 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0580 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, USCG, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0581 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, CLEANUP, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
0582 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, OIL SLICKS,
0584 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ALASKA/GULF OF, COST
ANALYSIS,
0592 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0596 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0598 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•OHMSETT,
0600 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0602 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, STORAGE, FRANCE,
0608 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USCG,
0609 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, HARBORS, USN, 'DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM,
0610 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0620 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, CANADA,
308
-------
0621 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, EMULSIFICATION, CANADA,
0623 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
0624 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, EPA, "OHMSETT,
0625 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0627 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SURFACTANTS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0629 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0655 SOCIAL EFFECTS, PORTS, PACIFIC OCEAN, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, »PALAU, "SUPERPORT,
0820 SOCIAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FISHERIES, CARIBBEAN SEA, "GUATEMALA,
0638 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
•DEEPWATER TERMINALS,
0639 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, "DEEPWATER
PORTS,
0642 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, FLORIDA, MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, »DEEPWATER PORTS,
0841 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ALASKA,
0854 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0887 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
FLORIDA,
0888 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, PORTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, FLORIDA, GUIDELINES,
0899 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0558 SOIL, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, »THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0631 SOIL, RESTORATION, OIL FIELDS, INLAND, CONTAMINATION, 'BRINES,
0632 SOIL, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, VEGETATION, "FORESTS,
0633 SOIL, RESTORATION, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, "FERTILIZERS,
0634 SOIL, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, CANADA,
0727 SOIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PATENT, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, STORAGE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0782 SOIL, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, VEGETATION, MICROORGANISMS, CANADA,
0909 SOIL, OXIDATION, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, "OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE,
0912 SOIL, OIL WELLS, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL, BACTERIA, "PETROLEUM WASTE,
0914 SOIL, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0934 SOIL, BIODEGRAD.ATION, FUEL OIL, BACTERIA,
0935 SOIL, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, DECOMPOSITION, MICROORGANISMS, MODELS, "NUTRIENT
DEMAND,
0944 SOIL, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, MODELS,
0657 SOLID WASTES, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, INCINERATION, "LIQUID WASTES,
0662 SOLID WASTES, RECYCLING, OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, DISPOSAL,
0729 SOLID WASTES, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PLANTS, "NATURAL GAS MONITORING,
WASTEWATERS,
0850 SOLID WASTES, PRODUCTION, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS,
0872 SOLID WASTES, OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "LIQUID WASTES,
"LEACHING,
0536 SOLUBILITY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0556 SOLUBILITY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, "ALKYLBENZENES,
0950 SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION,
0969 SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, FATE,, HYDROCARBONS, SPREADING, EMULSIFICATION,
ADSORPTION, DECOMPOSITION,
0974 SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
EMULSIFICATION, TAR,
0975 SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, WEATHERING, TAR, EVAPORATION, "SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0485 SOLVENTS, SHIPS, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, SPECTROSCOPY, ABSORPTION, "LASER BEAM,
0549 SOLVENTS, SEDIMENTS? DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
"N-PARAFFINS, '
0564 SOLVENTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY, EXTRACTION, "DETERGENTS, "OIL-IN-WATER,
0630 SOLVENTS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, WILDLIFE, TOXICITY, "DETERGENTS,
0635 SOLVENTS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, CLEANUP, DELAWARE, "OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
0505 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN,
0513 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SUCKS, DETECTION, "MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY,
0561 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS,
WASTEWATERS, "SEWAGE, "URBAN RUNOFF, DELAWARE,
0565 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, USCG,
0566 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, OIL SPILLS, INCINERATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0567 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, USCG,
0568 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SARGASSO SEA, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHRCMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROMETRY, DISTRIBUTION,
1000 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0468 SOURCES, OIL DISCHARGES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, "OIL INPUT, OCEANS, CRUDE OIL, WASTE
OIL, TANKERS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
0469 SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, "BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS, "INPUT
ESTIMATES,
309
-------
0472 SOURCES, REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, INDUSTRIES, 'MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES,
•RUNOFF,
0481 SOURCES, OIL DISCHARGES, US, USCG, 'CAUSES,
0522 SOURCES, SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION,
MEXICO/GULF OF,
0532 SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, ZOOPLANKTON, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION, MEXICO/GULF OF,
•BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
0560 SOURCES, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, LAKES,
WASHINGTON,
0731 SOURCES, REFINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL INDUSTRY,
0826 SOURCES, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, CLEANUP, "BOOK
REVIEW,
0976 SOURCES, SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BEHAVIOR, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1003 SOURCES, PAH, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FATE, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHHOMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, CARCINOGENS, CRUDE OIL,
OU60 SPAIN, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, "SHELLFISH, *UROUIOLA SPILL,
0531 SPECTROMETRY, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHPOMATOGRAPHY,
0546 SPECTROMETRY, SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, 'WATER ANALYSIS,
0563 SPECTROMETRY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
0564 SPECTROMETRY, SOLVENTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, EXTRACTION, 'DETERGENTS, "OIL-IN-WATER,
0568 SPECTPOMETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SARGASSO SEA, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, DISTRIBUTION,
1000 SPECTROMETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0485 SPECTROSCOPY, SOLVENTS, SHIPS, OIL SUCKS, MONITORING, ABSORPTION, 'LASER BEAM,
0527 SPECTROSCOPY, OIL SLICKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, DETECTION,
0565 SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, USCG,
1000 SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
1003 SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCES, PAH, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FATE, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CARCINOGENS, CRUDE OIL,
0461 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, TANKERS, MOVEMENT, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, BEACHES,
JAPAN,
OU82 SPREADING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, MOVEMENT, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL,
0514 SPREADING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, 'FRONTS, DELAWARE BAY, DRIFT, MODELS,
0840 SPREADING, PLATFORMS, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, CONTAMINANTS, DISPERSIONS,
0949 SPREADING, CRUDE OIL, ICE, 'OIL-ON-ICE,
0959 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, EMULSIFICATION, WEATHERING,
0968 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, HARBORS, DRIFT, NEW YORK,
0969 SPREADING, SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, EMULSIFICATION,
ADSORPTION, DECOMPOSITION,
0970 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, FATE, EVAPORATION, BIODEGRADATION,
0982 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MODELS, DRIFT, DELAWARE BAY,
0983 SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, ICE, 'CURRENT,
0716 ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US, CANADA,
0717 ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP,
0468 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, OIL DISCHARGES, 'OIL INPUT, OCEANS, CRUDE OIL, WASTE
OIL, TANKERS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
0477 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, US, MODELS, GREAT LAKES , COASTS, 'DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS,
0648 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES,
USCG,
0653 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
0823 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, FATE, MOVEMENT, CLEANUP, COST ANALYSIS,
0952 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, BEHAVIOR, WEATHERING, CANADA, INLAND,
0462 STATISTICS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, TANKERS, "SPILL PREDICTIONS,
0464 STATISTICS, OIL DISCHARGES, US, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
0465 STATISTICS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, 'SALT WATER SPILLS, CANADA, "ALBERTA,
0602 STORAGE, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, FRANCE,
0615 STORAGE, REMOTE SENSING, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, CONTAINMENT, DISPOSAL,
0643 STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, LOUISIANA, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOMES,
0644 STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, LOUISIANA, 'COTE BLANCHE MINE,
0645 STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, LOUISIANA, "WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
0655 STORAGE, SOCIAL EFFECTS, PORTS, PACIFIC OCEAN, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'PALAU, 'SUPERPORT,
0656 STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, GROUNDWATER, VEGETATION,
LOUISIANA, TEXAS, 'SALT DOMES,
0704 STORAGE, PETROCHEMICALS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, MANUALS, USN,
0727 STORAGE, SOIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PATENT, OIL TANKS, LEAKAGE, DFSIGN-ENCINEERING,
0730 STORAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
310
-------
•OIL STORAGE PLAN,
0732 STORAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0892 STORAGE, SCOTLAND, PIPELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT, »SULLOM VOE TERMINAL,
0996 STORAGE, PRODUCTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, DISTRIBUTION,
0800 STREAMS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, INVERTEBRATES, FISH,
NEW MEXICO,
0780 SUBARCTIC REGIONS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, ALGAE, VEGETATION, LAKES,
0616 SURFACTANTS, OIL TANKS, TAUKERS, CLEANUP,
0627 SURFACTANTS, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, USN,
0167 SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
Ol»98 SURVEILLANCE, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, DISTRIBUTION,
0501 SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, EPA, USGS, USCG, 'UN,
0508 SURVEILLANCE, SHIPS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, USCG,
0511 SURVEILLANCE, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, NATURAL
SEEPAGE,
0516 SURVEILLANCE, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, USCG, 'AIRBORNE COASTAL PATROL,
0150 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, TAR, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, *LIBERIAN TANKERS,
0451 TANKERS, OIL TANKS, CLEANUP, 'EXPLOSIONS, "SAFETY SYSTEMS,
0152 TANKERS, OIL INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, 'SANSINENA EXPLOSION,
0157 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0156 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, 'OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, 'SANSINENA
SPILL,
0157 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0159 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ALASKA, »COLD BAY,
0161 TANKERS, SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, MOVEMENT, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, BEACHES,
JAPAN,
0162 TANKERS, STATISTICS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, »SPILL PREDICTIONS,
0168 TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, OIL DISCHARGES, »OIL INPUT, OCEANS, CRUDE OIL,
WASTE OIL, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
0180 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0189 TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, BALLAST, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0583 TANKEPS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ECONOMICS, ALASKA, «OIL SPILL FUND,
0616 TANKERS, SURFACTANTS, OIL TANKS, CLEANUP,
0636 TANKERS, SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
0637 TANKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, METULA SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
0638 TANKERS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
•DEEPWATER TERMINALS,
0610 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, LAW ENFORCEMENT, WASHINGTON,
0617 TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, »SLOP TANK,
0650 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, ECONOMICS,
•STANDARDS,
0652 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, US, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
0653 TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
0691 TANKERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BALLAST, MOLLUSKS, »MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS,
0736 TANKERS, SHIPS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INLAND, MONITORING,
0737 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COLOMBIA, IMCO,
0816 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, »NANNOPLANKTERS,
0821 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0821 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS, WILDLIFE, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
•WORLD WAR II SPILLS,
0828 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, TOXICITY,
0833 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
0897 TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION,
ATLANTIC COAST, CALIFORNIA COAST, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0965 TANKERS, METULA SPILL, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, ESTUARIES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
0998 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO,
0150 TAR, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, 'LIBERIAN TANKERS,
0490 TAR, SAMPLING, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
0195 TAR, SAMPLING, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
0521 TAR, SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION,
MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA, NORTH SEA,
0526 TAR, SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, BENTHOS, UPTAKE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'ABYSSAL
DEPTHS,
0793 TAR, INTERTIDAL ZONE, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. HYDROCARBONS, BERMUDA,
0957 TAR, OXIDATION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION,
0971 TAR, SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
EMULSIFICATION,
0975 TAR, SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, WEATHERING, EVAPORATION, 'SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
311
-------
0599 TEXAS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ECONOMICS, 'CORPUS CHRISTI,
0656 TEXAS, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, GROUNDWATER, VEGETATION,
LOUISIANA, *SALT DOMES,
0710 TEXAS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING,
OT13 TEXAS, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, 'SPILL CONTROL COURSE,
07T8 TEXAS, SEDIMENTS, RELEASE, PLATFORMS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLOSKS, UPTAKE, 'TRINITY BAY,
•NAPHTHALENES, 'CLAM, »RANGIA CUNEATA,
0587 TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION,
0606 Toxicrrr, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, EPA,
0630 TOXICITt, SOLVENTS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, WILDLIFE, "DETERGENTS,
0760 TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL, METABOLISM, BENTHOS, ALGAE,
0761 TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, ALASKA, 'WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS, 'LARVAL STAGES,
•SHRIMP, "CRABS,
0763 TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, 'WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS, 'CANCER MAGISTER DANA,
0769 TOXICITY, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, FISH, 'AQUATIC LIFE, CANADA,
0780 TOXICITY, SUBARCTIC REGIONS, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, VEGETATION, LAKES,
0784 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS,
0785 TOXICITY, PHYTOPLANKTON, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUELS,
0790 TOXICITY, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, FRESHWATER, FISH, INVERTEBRATES, 'LETHAL
CONCENTRATION,
0796 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS,
0798 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, 'RESPIRATION, 'GROWTH,
0803 TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, ALASKA, FISH, INVERTEBRATES,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
0807 TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, 'ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION,
0809 TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, "NAPHTHALENE, FRESHWATER, ALGAE, METABOLISM, 'CHLAMYDOMONAS
ANGULOSA,
0816 TOXICITY, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'NANNOPLANKTERS,
"0818 TOXICITY, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, -ECONOMIC EFFECTS, 'SHELL OIL CO.,
0821 TOXICITY, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0828 TOXICITY, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, HYDROCARBONS, FATE,
0863 TOXICITY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•PRODUCED WATERS,
0891 TOXICITY, PUGET SOUND, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
0955 TOXICITY, OXIDATION, FUEL OIL, YEASTS, 'HYDROPEROXIDES,
0971 TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, FATE, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, API,
0767 TROPICAL REGIONS, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
MARSHES, CORAL REEFS, FLORIDA COAST,
0792 TROPICAL REGIONS, PLANTS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MALAYSIA, 'PIONEER MANGROVE,
•AVICENNIA INTERMEDIA,
0797 TROPICAL REGIONS, PUERTO RICO, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, MARINE
ORGANISMS, COASTS, 'MANGROVES, 'TURTLE GRASS,
0449 UK, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, COASTS, 'MORTALITY,
0818 UK, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, EUROPE, FRANCE, DENMARK, NORWAY, 'POLLUTION
DAMAGE,
0526 UPTAKE, TAR, SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, BENTHOS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'ABYSSAL
DEPTHS
0771 UPTAKE, RELEASE, FISH, 'NAPHTHALENES, DISTRIBUTION, 'STRESS BEHAVIOR, 'FUNDULUS
SIMILUS,
0778 UPTAKE, TEXAS, SEDIMENTS, RELEASE, PLATFORMS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, 'TRINITY BAY,
•NAPHTHALENES, ''CLAM, 'RANGIA CUNEATA,
0789 UPTAKE, RELEASE, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, 'MODIOLUS DEMISSUS, 'CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA, »PETRO-SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0799 UPTAKE, SEAWATER, RELEASE, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0804 UPTAKE, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, 'NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0805 UPTAKE, POLYCHAETES, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM, 'NEANTHES
ARENACEODENTATA,
0464 US, STATISTICS, OIL DISCHARGES, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
0477 US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, GREAT LAKES , COASTS, 'DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS,
0481 US, SOURCES, OIL DISCHARGES, USCG, 'CAUSES,
0175 US, RIVERS, OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, 'DETROIT-ST. ,
CLAIR RIVER SYSTEM,
0652 US, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS,
0716 US, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA,
0834 US, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LEGISLATION,
0845 US, REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
0985 US, POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECONOMICS, DELAWARE,
0988 US, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0991 US, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, COMPENSATION, "SUPER-FUND,
312
-------
0992 US, SHIPS, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, BILGES, USCG,
1001 US, SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, OCEANS,
0474 USCG, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BIRDS, WILDLIFE, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
0481 USCG, US, SOURCES, OIL DISCHARGES, 'CAUSES,
0483 USCG, SHIPS, MONITORING, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'OIL-IN-WATER,
0501 USCG, SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, EPA, USGS, 'UN,
0508 USCG, SURVEILLANCE, SHIPS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, LAW
ENFORCEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
0515 USCG, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, REMOTE SENSING, PLATFORMS, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, NATURAL
SEEPAGE, 'SIDE-LOOKING RADAR,
0516 USCG, SURVEILLANCE, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, 'AIRBORNE COASTAL PATROL,
0565 USCG, SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0567 USCG, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0580 USCG, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
0600 USCG, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0608 USCG, SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0648 USCG, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, OIL
DISCHARGES,
0711 USCG, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
'HIATUSPORT EXERCISE,
0742 USCG, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'EQUIPMENT DELIVERY
SYSTEM,
0992 USCG, US, SHIPS, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, BILGES,
0999 USCG, POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO,
0501 USGS, USCG, SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, EPA, 'UN,
0506 USN, SHIPS, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'OIL CONTENT,
0609 USN, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, HARBORS, 'DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM,
0627 USN, SURFACTANTS, SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, ABSORPTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0701 USN, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0704 USN, STORAGE, PETROCHEMICALS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, MANUALS,
07^8 USN, SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, CLEANUP,
MONITORING,
0313 USN, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, ANIMALS,
0940 USSR, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, EIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, CASPIAN SEA,
0942 USSR, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL,
GROUNDWATER,
0466 VEGETATION, RIVERS, OIL SPILLS, WASTE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PENNSYLVANIA,
'SCHUYLKILL SPILL,
0632 VEGETATION, SOIL, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, 'FORESTS,
0656 VEGETATION, TEXAS, STORAGE, 014. SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, GROUNDWATER,
LOUISIANA, 'SALT DOMES,
0776 VEGETATION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, CANADA,
0780 VEGETATION, TOXICITY, SUBARCTIC REGIONS, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, LAKES,
0782 VEGETATION, SOIL, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, CANADA,
0560 WASHINGTON, SOURCES, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
DETECTION, LAKES,
0640 WASHINGTON, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
0466 WASTE OIL, VEGETATION, RIVERS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PENNSYLVANIA,
'SCHUYLKILL SPILL,
0468 WASTE OIL, TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES, OIL DISCHARGES, 'OIL INPUT, OCEANS,
CRUDE OIL, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
C613 WASTE OIL, PATENT, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
0662 WASTE OIL, SOLID WASTES, RECYCLING, OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATERS, DISPOSAL,
0670 WASTE OIL, PATENT, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, 'METALLURGICAL PUMICE,
0684' WASTE OIL, REFINING, RECLAMATION, PATENT,
0695 WASTE OIL, PATENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
0704 WASTE OIL, USN, STORAGE, PETROCHEMICALS, DISPOSAL, MANUALS,
0706 WASTE OIL, REUSE, RECYCLING, DISPOSAL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0707 WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
0708 WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, CRUDE OIL,
0760 WASTE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, METABOLISM, BENTHOS, ALGAE,
0907 WASTE OIL, PATENT, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, AFRICA/SOUTH,
0912 WASTE OIL, SOIL, OIL WELLS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, 'PETROLEUM WASTE,
0657 WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, SOLID WASTES, INCINERATION, »LIOUID WASTES,
0746 WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, 'FOREST .INDUSTRY,
0703 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, PATENT, ADSORPTION,
0709 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
0738 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, USN, SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, CLEANUP,
MONITORING,
0488 WASTEWATERS, MONITORING, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, 'LIGHT SCATTERING,
313
-------
0491
0492
0502
0506
0507
0519
0531
053*
0542
0545
0548
0551
0555
0557
0561
0662
0687
0729
0764
0769
0790
0850
0918
0993
0994
0995
0647
0660
0661
0663
0667
0668
0671
0672
0673
0674
0675
0676
0677
0678
0679
0680
0681
0632
0683
0685
0686
0688
0689
0690
0691
0692
0693
0694
0695
0696
0697
•PARTICULATES, 'OIL-IN-WATER,
WASTEWATERS, PATENT, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, MONITORING,
WASTEWATERS, MONITORING, DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
WASTEWATERS, PIPELINES, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATEHS, USN, SHIPS, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, »OIL CONTENT,
WASTEWATERS, SHIPS, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, BILGES,
WASTEWATERS, REMOTE SENSING, REFINERIES, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING,
WASTEWATERS, SPECTROMETRY, REFINERIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHFOMATOGRAPHY,
WASTEWATERS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CONTAMINANTS, 'GAS CHROMATOCRAPHY,
WASTEWATERS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
HYDROCARBONS, FUELS,
WASTEWATERS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPKY, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, "LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, DELAWARE, »OIL CONTENT, »URBAN RUNOFF,
•DELAWARE ESTUARY,
WASTEWATERS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING,
WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
•LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY,
WASTEWATERS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, 'SOLVENT EXTRACTION, «IR
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
WASTEWATERS., SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
HYDROCARBONS, "SEWAGE, 'URBAN RUNOFF, DELAWARE,
WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, SOLID WASTES, RECYCLING, OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, DISPOSAL,
WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
WASTEWATERS, SOLID WASTES, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PLANTS, 'NATURAL GAS
MONITORING,
WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, MOLLUSKS, FOOD WEB,
•FOOD CHAIN ACCUMULATION, '^,4-BENZOPYRENE,
WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY, REFINERIES, FISH, "AQUATIC LIFE, CANADA,
WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY, REFINERIES, FRESHWATER, FISH, INVERTEBRATES, »LETHAL
CONCENTRATION,
WASTEWATERS, SOLID WASTES, PRODUCTION, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, RECYCLING, BIODEGRADATION,
WASTEWATERS, REGULATIONS, PIPELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, EUROPE,
WASTEWATERS, GUIDELINES, PRODUCTION, EXPLORATION, DRILLING, EPA, 'ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
WASTEWATERS, PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, EXTRACTION, EPA, 'ONSHORE POINT
SOURCE CATEGORY,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKERS, OIL DISCHARGES, 'SLOP TANK,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BELGIUM,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'SURFACE WATERS, BELGIUM,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CONTAMINANTS, COALESCENCE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, FLOTATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, DISPOSAL, CONSERVATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, FLOCCOLATION, 'FLOCCULANT-POLYELECTROLYTES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BALLAST, COALESCENCE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REUSE, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONSERVATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , GUIDELINES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, CONTAMINANTS, 'INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, 'COLLOID DESTABILIZATION,
REFINERIES, 'CHEMICAL TREATMENT, 'WATERBORNE COLLOIDS,
REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, CONTAMINANTS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE , 'BIOCHEMISTRY,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, FILTRATION, 'TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM,
WASTEWATEH TREATMENT, PRECIPITATION, PH CONTROL, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
ADSORPTION,
WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION, 'POLYOLEFIN,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, ECONOMICS, LEGISLATION, GERMANY, WEST,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, FLOTATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION, 'DETERGENTS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, "VACUUM STRIPPING,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKERS, BALLAST, MOLLUSKS, 'MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, PATENT, EMULSIONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINANTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
314
-------
0699 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WATER QUALITY, "ENERGY
REQUIREMENTS,
0700 WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION,
0702 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ABSORPTION,
0996 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, STORAGE, PRODUCTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
GUIDELINES, DISTRIBUTION,
0997 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, LEGISLATION, WATER
QUALITY, ECONOMICS,
0476 WATER QUALITY, REFINERIES, PORTS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, "PETROLEUM
FACILITIES,
0497 WATER QUALITY, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BEAUFORT SEA,
0523 WATER QUALITY, SAMPLING, BENTHOS, ESTUARIES, ALASKA, "EPIFAUNA,
0554 WATER QUALITY, DRILLING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "DRILLING MUDS,
0699 WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "ENERGY
REQUIREMENTS,
0851 WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
ESTUARIES, COASTS,
0997 WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES,
LEGISLATION, ECONOMICS,
0530 WEATHERING, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FISH, FATE, HYDROCARBONS,
"FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS,
0758 WEATHERING, PLANKTON, OIL SPILLS, ESTUARIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, BENTHOS,
ATLANTIC COAST,
0952 WEATHERING, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, BEHAVIOR, CANADA, INLAND,
0954 WEATHERING, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, EVAPORATION,
0959 WEATHERING, SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, EMULSIFICATION,
0974 WEATHERING, TAR, SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION,
EMULSIFICATION,
0975 WEATHERING, TAR, SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION, "SULFUR COMPOUNDS,
0980 WEATHERING, SEDIMENTS, FUEL OIL, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, CHEDABUCTO
BAY,
0474 WILDLIFE, USCG, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BIRDS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
0630 WILDLIFE, TOXICITY, SOLVENTS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, "DETERGENTS,
0824 WILDLIFE, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MODELS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
•WORLD WAR II SPILLS,
0839 WILDLIFE, OIL SHALE, DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, "US FISH & WILDLIFE
SERVICE,
0901 WILDLIFE, PRODUCTION, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, EXPLORATION, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
0989 WILDLIFE, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, COMPENSATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ECONOMICS, "LEGAL ASPECTS,
0955 YEASTS, TOXICITY, OXIDATION, FUEL OIL, "HYDROPEROXIDES,
0532 ZOOPLANKTON, SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION, MEXICO/GULF OF,
•BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS,
315
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
A BEL SON, P.H.
ADACHI, T,
AHEARN, O.G.
ALBAIGES, J.
ALIEV, S.N.
ALLEN, D.W.
ALLEN, R.B.
ANDERSEN, L.Jk
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANISFIELD, S.
ANUFRIEVA, N.H.
AOKI, S.
ARCHER, P.
ARMSTRONG, H.W.
ATLAS, R.H.
ATEMA, J,
A7ERS, R.R.
AYERS, R.R.
AYRES, P.P.
AZAROBICZ, E.N.
BACON, J.C.
BAGOT, K.E.
BAHNSCH, J.
BARBER, R.T.
BURNETT, A.V.
BARTHA, R.
BASCOM, W.
BASCOPE, A.H.
BATES. C.C.
BATTERTON, J.C.
BAtUTIS, £.P.
BAUER, J.
BEAM, R.M.
BEAN, R.M.
BECKER, G.L.
BECKETT, C.J.
BECKETT, C.J.
BELLANCA, M.A.
BEND, J.R.
BE8DER, H.E.
BENTZ, A. P.
BENVILLE, P., JR.
BEPPU, Y.
EERGOUIST, E.7.
EERKNER, A.B.
BERNHARD, M.
BE3TUL, A.B.
BEYER, A.H.
BIEHL, E.R.
EIERI, R.H.
BIOKO, E.V.
BISWANGER, K.
BLACK, R.E.
BLACKHAN, R.A.A.
BLAIKLET, D.R.
BLAKEBROUGH, N.
BLANKENSHIP, D.tf.
BLASKO, D.P.
BLASKO,
BLATLOCK
BLH
BLUHEB, M.
BOCARD, C.
BOCARD, C.
J.W.
0821
0710
0915
0527
0940
0845
0845
0727
0771
0798
0799
0745
0528
0461
0848
0778
0906
0756
0584
0569
0758
0907
0973
0585
0728
0835
0584
0908
0836
0658
0464
0552
0483
0622
0529
0815
0998
0716
0575
0475
0601
0758
1000
0788
0748
0797
0630
0822
0956
0462
0544
0530
0586
0659
0845
0759
0823
0909
0955
0»63
0815
0899
1003
0587
0593
JR.
BORDEAUX, J.
BOSSUYT, L.
BOSSOYT, L.
BOTT, T.L.
BOURQUIN, A.W.
BOOVIER, D.G.P.
BOVEE, D.H.
BOYD, B.D.
BRAGAW, L.K.
BRIDGWATER, A.V.
BRIGHT, T.J.
BROADRIBB, M.P.
BRODERSON, C.C.
BROWN, C.W.
BROWN, D.
BROWN, D.
BROWN, L.R.
BROWN, R.A.
BROWN, R.J.
BROWNING, R.J.
BROWNRIGG, J.T.
BRUNK, P. A.
BRUNNBR, D.E.
BRUSHETT, E.R.
BROSHETT, E.R.
BUDDE, H.
BUIKEMA, A.L., J
BURLINGAME, A.L.
BURNS, K.A.
BURNS, K.A.
BUSDOSH, M.
BUSH, B.
BUTLER, J.N.
BUTSEVA, L.N.
BOCARD, C.
BOCARD, C.
30GNER, J.
BOHME, V.E.
BOL2MANN, K.
CAIRNS, J., JR.
CALDARONE, E.M.
C ALDER, J.A.
CALDER, J.A.
CALDER, J.A.
CALEJO MONTE IRQ, J.D.
CALLAHAN, A.
CAMPBELL, B.
CAMPBELL, J.R.
CANELAS, L.D.
CANEVARI, G.P.
CAP08E, W.
CARPENTER, R.
CARVEN. C.J.
CASTELLI, J.L.
CAVANAUGH, E.C.
CENTER-STUDY/MARINE POLICY
CEO
CHAICRABARTY, A.M.
CHAKRABARTY, A.M.
CHAMBERS, D.B.
CHAMBERS, J.E.
CHAMBERS, J.E.
CHAN, G.L.
CHAN, H.S.
CHARLES, D.K.
0485
0660
0661
0760
0915
0750
0806
0464
0638
0662
0838
0663
0761
0568
0639
0890
0499
0520
1001
0640
0«93
0705
0588
0465
0715
0728
0790
0531
0537
0762
0906
0535
0957
0671
0594
0595
0554
0715
0484
0790
0763
0532
0536
0556
0825
0813
0824
0982
0825
0589
0764
0560
0998
0664
0729
0986
0732
0910
0920
0665
0765
0817
0766
0540
0949
316
-------
CHEEK 9 L> v M »
CHEL'TSOV, A.V.
CHEN, E.G.
CHEH, E.I.
CHESLER, S.N.
CHEW, R.T., III
CHIHARA, K.
CHISHOLM, B.R.
CICHORZ, R,S.
CLADWELL, 3.S.
CLAGGETT, F.M.
CLARK, B.R.
CLARK, D.A.
CLARK, O.J.
CLARK, R.
CLARK, R.B.
CLARK, R.C., JR.
CLABKE, S.H., JR.
CLOW, J.C,
COBB, C.B.
COICN, M.J.
COLIN, J.
COLLEY, J.D.
COLLIER, T.K.
COLWELL, F.R.
COLWELL, R.R.
COLWELL, R.R.
COMMISSION-EUROPEAN COMM.
CONCAWE SECRETARIAT
CONROY, P.D.
COOK, W.L.
COOKE, B.
COONEY, J.J,
COOPER, C.B.
COOPER, J.
COOPER, R.E.
CORBETT, C.B.
CORMACK, D.
COTE, R.P.
COTTICLIA, M.
COTTRELL, K.
COX, B.A.
COX, B.A.
CRESSWELL, L.W.
CRIDER, C.
CROW, S.A.
CUBERES, M.R.
CUEMAN, M.K.
CUILLERY, C.
CUILLERY, C.
CUNDELL, A.M.
D'ALESSANDRO, P.L.
OAUMAS, R.A.
DAVIDSON, J.W.
DAVIS, G.
DAVIS, W.P.
DAVE, L.L.
DAY, G.
DE BOP-GER, R.
DECEN, L.
DEGOSERT, P.
DE JONG, E.
DE LEEUW, J.W.
DELL'ACCUA, R.
DELL'AQUA, R.
DENNIS, DiM.
DER, J.J.
DER, J.J.
DESLAURIERS, P.C.
DES HOSIERS, P.E.
DE VOSS, E.A.
DICK, J.P.P.
DIETES, H.P.
DIETZEL, G.F.L.
DITMARS, J.D.
DIXIT, D.
DIXIT, D.
DOHMERT, E.H.
DONOGHUE, N.A.
0773
0551
0919
0767
0516
0849
046 T
0493
1002
0763
0958
05«7
0730
0631
0827
0826
0768
0859
0565
0733
0199
0731
0729
0806
09*5
0916
094?
0533
0993
0701
0915
0666
09 H
0476
0777
0912
0716
0959
0769
0764
0913
0798
0799
0911
0651
0915
0527
0530
0659
0667
0916
0733
0960
0850
0514
0851
0553
0837
0944
0605
0590
0634
0531
0531
0535
0591
0570
0588
0615
0741
0592
0489
0770
0823
0982
0771
0799
0476
0917
DORFMAN, H.
DORRLER, J.S.
DOrLE, V.T.
DOBOIS, B.J.
DUCE, R.A.
DOFFT, J.J.
DOFFr, J.J.
DUNN, B.P.
DUNN, B.P.
DURIF-VARAMBON, B.
DURIF-VARAMBOM, B.
DURIF-VARAMBON, B.
DURIF-VARAMBOH, B.
DZHALILOV, R.K.
D2IERLENGA, P.S.
DZORIK, A.
EDGERTOH, A.T.
EGAN, J.
ECANHOUSE, R.P.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPPLE, D.
ERYOZLU, H.E.
ESTES, J.E.
FARBER, A.L.
FALLAH, M.H.
FALXA, H.
FARLOW, J.S.
FARRINCTON, J.W.
FARRINGTON, J.W.
FARRINGTON, J.W.
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEDER, H.M.
FELIX, V.M.
FIELD, M.E.
FINCAS, M.F.
FITZGERALD, D.E.
FLANAGAN, P.
FLEISCHER, C.A.
FLEMING, (C.
FLOODGATE, G.D.
FOGET,-C.B.
FOLEY, J.P.
FOLSOM, B.A.
FONG, W.C.
FORMS, J.M.
FORSTER, W.O.
FRADKIN, P.L.
FRANK, R.A.
FRANK, U.
FRANKLIS, H.L.
FREEDKAN, W.
FREESTONE, F.J.
FRIEDMAN, B.
FRIEDMAN, J.M.
FP.IELLO, D.A.
FROST, P.G.H.
FOCIK, K.W.
FUELLING, W.
FUKtfDA, S.
FffLLEUOVE, R.J.
FUNKHOUSER, S.P.
GALLOWAY, T.R.
GALT, J.A.
GANDORINA, L.V.
CAREER, D.C.
GARDNER, C.R.
GARSER, P.J.
GARY, J.H.
GASSMANN, G.
0852
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GATELLIER,- C.
GATELLIER, C.
GATELLIER, C.
GATELLIER, C.
GEARING, J.N.
GEARING, J.N.
GEARING, P.
GEARING, P.J.
GEBELEIN, C.D.
GEBELEIN, C.D.
GERACI, J.fi.
GETHAN, J.H.
GIAM, C.-S.
GIAM, C.S.
GIBBS, C.F.
GIBSON, C.I.
GIBSON, C.I.
GIBSON, D.T.
GIBSON, D.T.
GIBSON, D.T.
GIERING, L.P.
GILCHHIST, R.E.
GILL, S.D.
GLASS, A.W.
GOLDBERG, E.D.
GOLDSTEIN, P.
GOMINGER, D.
GOODLEY, P.C.
GOODMAN, J.M.
GOODWIN, S.R.
GORDON, D.C.. JR.
GORDON, H.
GGRNITSKY, A.B.
GRANT, H.G.
GRAY, W.O.
GREGORY, S.A.
GRIFFIN, M.
GRIFFITHS, R.A.
GRIGOR'EV, V.D.
GRIZZARD, E.H.
GRASSLE, J.F.
GREEN, K.G.
GROB, R.L.
GROSSLIHG, B.F.
GROENFELD, H.
GRUTSCH, J.F.
GRUTSCH, J.F.
GROTSCH, J.F.
GRUTSCH, J.F.
GROTSCH, J.F.
GROTSCH, J.F,
GUERIN, H.R.
GUERIN, P.
GUERRERO, H.
GUMP, B.H.
GUHKEL, W.
HAGIWARA, K.
HALL, D.
HAHES, H.O.
HAMILTON, C.E.
HAKM, P.
HANN, R.W. , JR.
HANNA, 8.M.
HARDEN, J.W.
HARPER, T.R.
HARPALD, J.R.
HARRALD, J.R.
HARRISS, L.R.
HAUSSER, R.
HAYES, T.H.
HEDRICK, B.C.
HEITZ, J.R.
HEITZ, J.R.
HELLEBUST, J.A.
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HELLEBDST, J.A.
HELLMANN, H.
HEPPELL, D.
HERSHNER, C.
HERSHNEK, C.
HERTZ, H.S.
HERWIG, R.
HICKMAN, R.R.
HINCKLEY, A.D.
HINO, K.
HILL, B.C.
KITES, H.A.
HO, C.H.
HOARD. H.G.
HODGSON, G.
HOLMES, P.D.
HONDA, T.
HOHIKOSHI, H.
HORN, D.
HORNIG, A.W.
HOSONO, Y.
HOULIHAN, T.M.
HOVIS, W.A.
HSIEH, C.-H.
HUANG, C.P.
HUDSON, J.O.
HUDSON, J.O., JR.
HUFFMAN, H.L., JR.
HUFFORD, G.L.
HUM, S.
HUNT, D.
HUNT, L.H.
HUNTER, J.V.
HUNTER, J.V.
HUNTER, J.V.
HURA, K.
HUTCHINSON,
HUTCHINSON,
HUTCHINSON,
HUTCHINSON,
HUTCH MSON,
f«LAND, J.L,
HYLAKD, J.L.
IHCO
IMANAKA, M.
IRANI, C.A.
ISETA, Z.
ISEYA, Z.
ITO, T.
ITO, T.
JAKBBEK, P.
JAMISON, V.W.
JAMISON, V.W.
JANXE7ICIUS,
JENSEN, A.C.
JERNELOV, A.
JEWETT, S.C.
JOHNSON, C.
JOHNSTON, H.N.
JOHNSTON, M.H.
JONES, D.C.
JONES, D.R.
JONES, D.R.
JONES, D.R.
JUJCNEVICIUS, L.
JURKOVICH, G.
KALLIO, R.E.
KANGETER, E.B.,
KAPLAN, I.R.
KARAYEVA, N.I.
KARINEN, J.F.
KARINEN, J.F.
ICARWAN, IC.R.
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KASKI, K.
KATSOTA, K.
KATOR, H.
KAUSS, P.B.
KAUWLING, T.J.
KAWASE, Y.
KAWASE, Y.
KAY, G.H.
KEITH, L.H.
KEI2EH, P.D.
KELLEY, A.M.
KENMER, C.T.
KERHARR2C, F.
KERN, E.
KERNODLE, D.R.
KIMBLE, B.J.
KING, K.I.
KISKIKAWA, H.
KLEMAS, V.
KKAP, A.H.
KNIGHT, M.
KOBAYASHI, E.
KOBAYASHI, I.
KOBAYASHI, Y.
KOLLMEYER, B.C.
KOLPACK, R.L.
KOLPACK, R.L.
KONDO, G.
KONDO, M.
KOOHS, C.B.
KOONS, C.B.
ROOMS, C.E.
KORN, S.
KFAUS, S.P.
KRAUSE, G.
KROEGER, D.L.
KURITA, H.
LABOUREUR, P.
LABORDE, P.L.
LACY, W.J.
LAEAEPERI, A.
LAKE, J.L.
LAMANNA, C.
LANDERS, R.
LANDRETH, R.
LAPP, P.A.
LARRABEE, R.M.
LARSON, R.A.
LASDAY, A.H.
LAO, Y.L.
LAUGHLIN, R.E., JR.
LEATHEN, W.tf.
LESED, A.A.
LEBED, A.A.
LEDENEVA, If.V.
LEE, D.R.
LEE, R.F.
LEE, R.F.
LEE, R.F.
LEE, W.T.
LEON, H.
LEONE, R.A.
LE PETIT, J.
LEROUAX, R.K.
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LEVY, E.M.
LEYBOLD HERAEUS GW
LEWIS, E.L.
LIMOGES, L.
LINDENBAUM, Y.M.
LINKER, F.I.
LINSTEDT-SIVA, J.
LISSAOER, I.H.
LISSAUER, I.H.
GMBH CO.
0683
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LIU, C.-F.
LIU, D.
LOADER, J.G.
LOGAM, W.J.
LOGAN, W.J.
LUCHINSKII, V.Y.
LUNEY, P.R.
LUTHY, R.G.
LUTZ, R.E., II
LYONS, B.J.
LYTLE, J.S.
LYTLE, J.S.
LYTLE, T.F.
LYTLE, T.F.
MAATSCHAPPI, B.V.
MAY, W.E.
MACDONALD, R.W.
MAC GREGOR, C.
MAC GREGOR, D.R.C.
MACKAY, D.
MACKAY, D.
MAGERRAMOVA, N.R.
MALLATT, R.C.
MALLATT, R.C.
MALLATT, R.C.
MALLATT, R.C.
MALLATT, R.C.
MALLATT, R.C.
MALLON, UG.
MALLON, M.H.
MAMEDOV, A.M.
MANKIEWICZ, P.
MARCONI, W.
MARCUS, E.
MARCUS, H.S.
MARTIN, A.
MARTIN, C.
MARTY, J.C.
MARUM, J.P.
HASALA, M.L.T.
MASCIA, C.
KASSOGLIA, M.F.
MATHIAS, J.A.
MATSUMOTO, R.
MATSUMOTO, T.
MATSUNAGA, K.
MATTSON, C.P.
MAURER, A.T.
MAYNARD, N.G.
MAYNARD, N.G.
MC AULIFFE, C.D.
MC AULIFFE, C.D.
MC AULIFFE, C.D.
CC CARTHY, L.T., JR.
MC CRACKEN, W.E.
MC CRACKEN, W.E.
MC CRAY, A.W.
MC FARLASE, C.
MC GILL, J.C.
MC GILL, W.
MC GILL, W.
MC GRATH, F.K.
MC GREW, J.L.
MC HUGH, D.J.
MC LEAN, A.Y.
MC LEOD, D.L.
MC LEOD, W.R.
MC NEIL, W.R.
MEARNS, A.J.
MEARNS, A.J.
MECK, J.P.
MECKLENBURG, T.A.
MEDEIROS, G.C.
MEEKS, D.C.
093H
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MEIER, K.
MELVILLE, L.
HENARD, W,
MENZEL, D.
MENZEL, D.
MERTENS, E.W.
MERTENS, E.W.
MEIERS, P.A.
MILES, D.H.
HILGRAM, J.H.
MILLER, M.C.
HILOVIDOVA, H.YU.
MROSOV, O.C.
MITCHELL, E.J.
MITCHELL, J.G.
MIX, M.C.
MIYAKE, Y.
MIZUMAtCI. K.
MOHTADI, M.F.
KOHTADI, M.F.
MOIR, J.H.
MONAGHAN, P.H.
MONASTERO, F.C.
MONASTERO, F.C.
MOORE, G.E.
MOORE, K.
MOORE, L.J.
HOORE, L.J.
MOORE, M.O.
MORGAN, J.P.
MORGAN, R.H.
MORRIS, B.F.
MORTON, B.S.
MOSTERT, N.
MOTOHIRO, T.
MOTOHIRO, T.
MOUSSAVI, M.
MIILLER, 0.
MUMFORD, C.J.
MYASNIK07, I.H.
NYEROHE, J.R.
MYERS, L.H.
MYERS, L.H.
HADAOD, Y.
NADEAU, P.F.
NADEAU, R.J.
NAGATA, S.
NAIDO, A.S.
NAKAJIMA, M.
NAKAMURA, Y.
NAUHAN, J.H.
NAZAROV, A.D.
MEFF, G.S.
NEFF, J.M.
NEFF, J.M.
KEFF, J.M.
NEMIROVSKAYA, I.A.
NERYNG, A.
NESTEROVA. M.P.
NETZELL, E.S.
NICHOLS, J.A.
NOAA
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NORRELL, S.A.
NORRIS, D.B.
NORRIS, W.H.
NYBORG, M,
OCHSENSCHLAEGER, M.
ODDO, N.
OGATA, M.
OHTSU, T.
OKADA, K.
OLDHAH, G.F.
OLSON, D.G.
ON1TAKE, T.
ONUMA, T.
OPPENHEIMER, C.H.
O'ROURKE, C.
OSIPOV, V.M.
OWEHS, E.H.
PAINTER, L.J.
PALMORK, K.H.
PANITCH, M.
PARKER, J.G.
PARKER, P.L.
PARKER, P.L.
PARKER, P.L.
PARKER, P.L.
PASSAVANT WERKE MICHE HUTTE
PATTERSON, R.R.
PAUL, A.J.
PAUL, A.J.
PAVLACZYK-SZPILOWA, H.
PAYNE, J.L.
PEAKE, E.
PEAKE, E.
PEAKE, E.
PEARCE, R.B.
PEARMAN, A.L.
PEAftMAN, A.L.
PEASE, C.H.
PENROSE, W.R.
PENROSE, V.R.
PERSON, L.
PETCHUL R.K.
PETCHOL, S.L.
PETER, T.
PETTIGPEW, R.K.
PETHOV, YU.M.
PFEIFFER, P.
PHILLIPS, R.D.
PHILPOT, R.M.
PICHON, J.
PILCHER, D.W.
PILfCEY, O.H.
PIMLOTT.D.
PITKETHLY, R.C.
PLANT, A.F.
PLDTCHAK, N.B.
POLIS, D.
POTERA, G.
PHATHER, B.V.
PRESS (WILLIAM) & SON LTD
PRESSMAN, A.
PRITCHARD, P.H.
PROUSE, N.J.
POGH, W.L.
PUTNAM, W.H.
QUANSTROK, W.R.
OUINN, J.G.
OUINN, J.C.
RAFFAELE, G.C.
RAISBECK, J.M.
RALET, C.
RALET, D.
RAMBIE, G.S., JR.
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RAYMOND, R.L.
RAYMOND, R.L.
REED, W.E.
REEVES, D.
RETI, I.
REIGER, G.
REJSH, D.J.
RENAULT, PH.
REYNOLDS, J.I.
RICCI, R.J.
RICE, S.D.
RICE, S.D.
RILEY, R.T.
RINKEL, M.
RIVERA, J.
ROBERTS, W.F.
ROBERTSON, A.
ROBINSON, E.A., JR.
ROGENMUSER, K.
ROGERSON, P.P.
ROLAND, J.V.
ROSENBERG, D.H.
ROSENBLUM, I.
ROSS, C.W.
ROSS, C.W,
ROSS, D.E.
ROSS, S.L.
ROSSI, S.S.
ROSSI, S.S.
ROSSI, S.S.
ROUBAL, W.T,
ROWELL, M.J.
RWCJCER; J.B.
RYAN, C.
SABO, D.J.
SAEKI, H.
SAGE, B.
SAILOT, A.
SALMANOV, M.A.
SAM, K.
SANDEMAN, M.J.
SANDERS, H.L.
SANDSTROM, M.
SCALAN, R.C.
SCARBOROUGH, A.
SCHAFFER, R.L.
SCHARFENSTEIN, C.F.
SCHEIER, A.
SCHIMKE, G.R.
SCHNEIDER, E.D.
SCHUBERT, F.P.
SCHULTZ, L.A.
SCHWARTZ, R.D.
SCHWIETE, H.
SCOTT, E.S,
SEARL, T.D.
SEARL, T.D.
SEIKE, X.
SEIKE, Y.
SELLECK, R.E.
SEMAJJOV, G.N.
SEMAM07, C.N.
SHAKHMATOVA, _.
SHAMOLINA, E.P.
SHAW, D.
SHAW, D.G.
SHAW, S.H.
SHEARLS, E.A.
SHIBATA, M.
SHIBATA, M.
SHIMU20, I.
SHIMUZO, I.
SHIU, W.Y.
SHORT, J.H.
Z.N.
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SHORT, J.W.
SHORT, T.E.
SIEGFRIED,
SILLION, B.
SILLION, B.
SILLION, B.
SILLS, D.L.
SIOZADE, J.E.
SKEWES, R.L.
SKEWES, R.L.
SLACK, J.R.
SLEETER, T.D.
SMITH, D.C.
D.J.
W.R.
SMITH,
SMITH,
SMITH, E.L.
SMITH, E.R.
SMITH, G.F.
SMITH; E.L.
SMITH
SMITH,
SMITH, M.F.
SMITH, R.A,
SMITH, T.G.
SMOOKLER
OCM eoe«o*^
A.L.
L.B.
•DnvuR-UEtn
SOLSBERG, L.B.
SOLSBERG, L.B.
SOMERVILLE, H.J.
SOTO, C.
SOWINSKI, E.J.
SPHERE ENVIRN CONSULTANTS
STAFFORD, J.W.
STAFFORD, J.W.
STAFFORD, J.W.
STAMOUDIS, V.C.
STARK, R.M.
STASCH, H.J.
STEGEMAN, J.J.
STENSTROM, B.H.
STEWART, R.J.
STICK, H.F.
STONE, C.M.
STRANAHAN, S.I.
STRAUGHAN, D.
STRAUGHAN, D.
STROSHER, M.
STROSHER, M.
STROSHER, M.T.
STRUHSAKER, J.W.
SUESS, M.J.
SUFFETT, I.H.
SUFLITA, J.M.
SUGIMOTO, A.
SUMMERS, R.J.
SUTTON, C.
SUZUKI, R.
SUZUKI, T.
TAGGER, S.
TAGUCHI, K.
TAKAOKA, S.
TAKESHITA, H.
TALTS, A.
TANIGUCHI, H.
TATEM, H.E.
TEAL, J.M.
TEAL, J.M.
TEAL, J.M.
TEAL, J.M.
TELFORD, M.
TE7ACO
THIMM, H.F.
THOMAS, A.R.
THOMAS, J.P.
THOMPSON, B.D.
THOMPSON, J.H.
THOMPSON, M.E.
THORNBURC, W.
THORNE, P.
0803
0741
0777
0593
0594
0595
0833
0750
0483
0493
0893
0957
0630
0745
0662
0808
0619
1004
0893
0779
0701
0620
0621
0948
0809
0555
0894
0844
0888
0895
0530
0964
0531
0810
0507
0653
0486
0648
0806
0811
0812
0554
0953
0953
0788
0978
0555
0939
0502
0911
0556
0557
0702
0933
0461
0707
0623
0622
0647
0798
0526
0537
0538
0828
0782
0996
0631
0925
0525
0967
0838
0968
0558
0760
321
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s.3.
THORNTON, D.E.
TIDESWELL, H.W.
TOCK, D.G.
TORRADAS, J.M.
TOWNES, B.
TOWULEY, J.R.
TOYAMA, H.
TBAVERS, V.B.
TRAXLER, R.W.
TREMHOLM, S.R
TRESIDDER, S.
TRUDGILL, P.W.
TSAI, M.-H.
UCHIDA, S.
UJFALUSSY, B.
UNDERWOOD, D.
USAMI, T.
USCG
USCG
US FISH 1 WILDLIFE SERVICE
USGS
US.N
OSN SUPPLY SYSTEMS COMMAND
UYEMA, H.
UZUNER, M.S.
VALLAHIO, N.C.
VAN BAALEN, C.
VANDERMEULEN, J.H.
VANDERMEULEN, J.H.
VAN GELDER-OTTVAY, S.
VAN KLEEF, P.J.
VANLOOCKE, R.
VSNTULLO, R.M.
VESILIND, P.A.
VERLINDE, A.
VERSTRAETE, W.
VISSCHER, M.
VOLLMERS, R.R.
WADE, T.L.
WADE, T.L.
WADHAMS, P.
WAGNER, H.C.
WAKEHAM, S.G.
WAKEHAM, S.G.
WALKER, J.D.
WALKER, J.D.
WALKER, J.D.
WALSH, J.
WALTON, A.
WANG, H.
WANG, H.
WARD, R.
WARDLEY-SMITH, J.
WATKINSON, R.J.
WATSON, R.
WEISKOPF, F.B.
WEISS, F.7.
WEST, G.C.
WEST, G.L.
WESTERCAARD, R.H.
WESTREE, B.
WETKORE, W.C.
WHELAN, J.
WHIPPLE, W.,JR.
WHIPPLE, W., JR.
WHITEY, F.J.
WILEY, M.A.
WILL, R.G.
WILLIAMS, A.S.
WILSON, D.M.
WILSON, J.E.
WINCHESTER, S.
WINTERS, K.
WINTERS, K.
0751
0663
0177
0527
0896
0638
0703
0897
0916
0819
0717
0917
0559
0623
0700
0813
0654
0181
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0624
0704
09«3
0983
07^5
0552
0979
0980
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0560
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09.82
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0752
0943
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0863
0907
0625
0753
0626
0714
0902
0479
0561
0562
0997
0721
0630
0531
0627
0903
0552
0563
WISE, ».
WOLFE, O.A.
WONG, P.T.S.
WORTHINGTON, V.
WORTHINGTON, V.
WOODWARD-CLYDE CONSULTANTS
VANDERHORST, J.R.
VANDERHORST, J.R.
VANDERKOOY, N.
WHIPPLE, W. JR.
WHITE, R.A.
WILKINSON, P.
WILKINSON, P.
WILLIAMS, L.G.
WORTHINGTON, V.
WRIGHT, G.P.
WRIGHT, J.A.
YAMAGOCHI, N.
YANG, W.E.
YARBROIIGH, J.D.
YAHBROUGH, J.D.
YAZAKI, A.
YEN, T.F.
YOKOTA, K.
YOUNG, D.R.
YOUNG, E.P.
YU, S.H.
YU, S.L.
JO, S.L.
YU, T.S.
2ALL, D.M.
ZA7TERA, A.
ZHOVNIROVSKAYA, A.B.
ZSOLNAY, A.
ZSOLNAY, A.
ZUBAKOVA, L.B.
0705
0904
0934
0656
0635
0905
0814
0815
0575
0548
0634
0814
0815
0816
0480
0508
0519
0557
0954
0765
0817
0754
0872
0628
0487
0699
0561
0479
0548
0564
0576
0822
0671
0509
0793
0671
322
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APPENDIX
Periodicals Reviewed
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Alaska Seas and Coasts
Alternatives: Perspectives on Society and Environment
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Transactions
Applied Energy
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Audubon
Australian Science Index
Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fuer
Meeresforschung
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
British Birds
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
California Water Pollution Control Association Bulletin
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Chemosphere
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Deep-Sea Research
Ecolibrium
Ecological Abstracts
Ecological Modelling
Ecological Society of America Bulletin
Ecology Law Quarterly
Energy Information Abstracts
Energy Review
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Conservation
Environmental Geology
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
323
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Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Environmental Technology and Economics
EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly
Erdoel und Kohle Erdgas Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoffchemie
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
Fuel Abstracts and Current Titles
Government Reports Announcements
Hydrocarbon Processing
IMS Newsletter
India Journal of Environmental Health
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin
International Aerospace Abstracts
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
International Petroleum Abstracts
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Environmental Science and Health
Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Chemistry
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Geotechnology
Marine Newsletter
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Marine Science Contents Tables
Marine Technology Society, Journal
Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts
Massachusetts Audubon
Microbial Ecology
National Fisherman
National Petroleum News
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Nature
New Technical Books
Nippon Susan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Engineering
Ocean Industry
Ocean Management
Ocean Oil Weekly Report
Oceanic Abstracts
324
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Oceanus
Offshore
Offshore Abstracts
Oil and Gas Journal
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Petroleum Engineer International
Petroleum Today
Pollution Abstracts
Pollution Engineering
Proceedings in Print
Resources
Resource Recovery and Conservation
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Science
Science News
Science of the Total Environment
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Sea Technology
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Sierra Club, San Francisco, Bulletin
Technical Book Review
The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The International Journal of Environmental Studies
The Sciences
UDS Water Quality Control Digest
Underwater Information Bulletin
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
WRC Information
Western Fisheries
325
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-111
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND ,OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
February 1977 - April 1977
5. REPORT DATE
June 1977 issuing date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOFUS)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul Nordin
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB041
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-805052
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cin.,OH
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly, Feb.-April. 1977
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/12
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The February 1977 - April 1977 issue of Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports is
a quarterly compilation of oil pollution publications and ongoing project
summaries. Presented in the report are: (a) summaries
published literature and patents; (b) summaries and status of current
projects; and (c) current oil-related conferences. This report is
partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-805052 by the Marine Science Institute,
University of California, Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the
Environmental Protection Agency.
and citations of
research
submitted in
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
*Bibliographies
*Summaries
*Patents
*Documents
*Research
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
13B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
336
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
326
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