ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
   RESEARCH LABORATORY
  EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT
 & CHARACTERIZATION DIVISION
METEOROLOGY & ASSESSMENT DIVISION
   FY-
 76&77
                 REPORT
              ABSTRACTS
              ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS DIVISION
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION
STUDY COORDINATION
      United States Environmental Protection Agency
      Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

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     UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
             ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
                      RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
                       NORTH CAROLINA 27711
                                                  12/5/77
     The Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory investigates
the effects of air pollution on the atmosphere and the subsequent
Impact on air and water quality and land use.  ESRL's research
and development programs provide technology for measuring and
characterizing pollutants.  Meteorological studies quantify the
relationships between emissions, air quality and atmospheric
effect.  The results of these studies are used to develop air
pollution control strategies.

     The attached abstracts (EPA Form 2220-1) represent reports
that hive been Issued through EPA's Environmental Sciences Re-
search Laboratory during fiscal years 76 and 77.

     For additional copies of REPORT ABSTRACTS FY-76&77. contact:

United States Environmental Protection Agency
Forms and Publication Center MD-41
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

     For copies of the technical reports represented in this
publication, contact  :

National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22151
(Use PB-I, Item no. 2 on the 2220-1 form when ordering reports)
                               Respectfully Yours,
                               Or. A. Paul Altshuller
                               Director

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                           INDEX :  Program Elements
PROGRAM ELEMENT                                            PAGE  NUMBER
1AD712		-	-		1
1AD605	-				12
1AA001--	-				22
1AA603	-		49
1AA003	-	90
1AA008		---			--- 99
1AA009		115
1AA601				- 155
1AA002		-		159
1NE625--	-	-	162
EHE625--		171
1AA010----					24
1A1010--	-	-	-- 47
1A1003--		143
1A1008	-	-- 145
110302	-	- 153

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                          TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report Number


600/2-75-024


        -048
              Title
VERSATILE GAS FILTER CORRELATION
SPECTROMETER

PROTOCOL TO CHARACTERIZE GASEOUS EMISSIONS
Program Element
   1A1010

-052
-053
-062
-076
-077
600/2-76-021
-026
-033
-034
-059
-062
-094
-096
-126
AS A FUNCTION OF FUEL AND ADDITIVE COMPOSITION
COLLECTION EFFICIENCY STUDY OF THE PROPOSED
METHOD 13 SAMPLING TRAIN
MAGNITUDE OF S0«, C09, AND 09, STRATIFICATION
IN POWER PLANT DUCTS* *
REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF POWER PLANT SMOKE STACK
EFFLUENT VELOCITY
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR
MEASURING AMBIENT ATMOSPHERIC CARCINOGENIC
VAPORS
EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION SPECTROMETER
AS AN AREA S02 MONITOR
ELECTTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SULFURIC AND
AMINE ODORANTS
EFFECT OF GASOLINE ADDITIVES ON GASEOUS
EMISSIONS (PART II)
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE MULTISPECTROMETER FOR
RAPID ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICULATE
POLLUTANTS
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR POLLUTANT DOSIMETRY
COMPARISON OF WET CHEMICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL
METHODS FOR MEASURING AIRBORNE SULFATE
OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING THE MASS
CONCENTRATION OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
RAPID METHOD FOR DETERMINING N0y EMISSIONS
IN FLUE GASES *
COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES OF STACK SAMPLING
SYSTEMS FOR VANADIUM EMISSIONS IN FLUE GASES
DEVELOPMENT OF THIN CALIBRATION STANDARDS
1AA002
1AA010
1AA010
1AA010
1AA010
1AA010
1AA010
1AA002
1AA010
1AA010
1NE625
1AA010
1AA010
1AA010
1A1010
                  FOR X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS

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600/2-76-157      SAMPLING INTERFACE FOR THE QUANTITATIVE            1AA010
                  TRANSPORT OF AEROSOL—FIELD PROTOTYPE

        -169      DEVELOPMENT OF A PROPORTIONAL SAMPLER FOR          1AA010
                  AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST EMISSIONS TESTING

        -170      PARTICULATE SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR LARGE          1AA010
                  POWER PLANTS INCLUDING NONUNIFORM FLOW

        -171      EVALUATION OF MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR POWER         1AA010
                  PLANT AND SULFUR RECOVERY PLANT EMISSIONS

        -191      INFRARED ABSORPTION BY SULFURIC ACID VAPOR         1AA010

        -192      FILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS FIBER          1AA010
                  FILTER MEDIA AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

        -210      AMBIENT CO MONITOR                                 1AD712

        -211      CONSTRUCTION OF A PROTOTYPE SULFURIC ACID          1AA010
                  MIST MONITOR

        -265      VALLENCE STATES OF SULFUR IN POLLUTION             1AD605
                  SAMPLES BY X-RAY ANALYSIS

        -277      REMOTE MONITORING OF NITRIC OXIDE BY GAS-          1AD712
                  FILTER CORRELATION TECHNIQUES


600/2-77-003      PULSED FLUORESCENCE MONITOR FOR MEASURING          1AD605
                  AMBIENT NITROGEN DIOXIDE

        -009      CARBON DIOXIDE LASER SYSTEM TO MEASURE             1AD605
                  GASEOUS POLLUTANTS

        -010      EVALUATION OF METHODOLOGY AND PROTOTYPE TO         1AD605
                  MEASURE ATMOSPHERIC SULFURIC ACID

        -021      ALARM-LEVEL MONITOR FOR SO, EMISSIONS FROM         1AD712
                  STATIONARY SOURCES        *

        -026      EVALUATION OF STATIONARY SOURCE PARTICULATE        1AD712
                  MEASUREMENT METHODS VOLUME II OIL-FIRED
                  STEAM GENERATORS

        -027      DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE DEVICE TO COLLECT        1AA601
                  SULFURIC ACID AEROSOL

        -035      FIELD EVALUATION OF AN AUTOISOKINETIC STACK        1AD712
                  PARTICULATE SAMPLING SYSTEM

        -036      EFFECTIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICULATE      1AD712
                  EMISSIONS FROM A TYPICAL STATIONARY SOURCES

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600/2-77-062      X-RAY ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS                 1AD605
                  INTERIM REPORT:  SAMPLE PREPARATION

        -063      EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS MONITORS FOR               1A0605
                  CARBON MONOXIDE IN STATIONARY SOURCES

        -068      CHARACTERIZATION OF EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM          1AD605
                  A DUAL CATALYST EQUIPPED VEHICLE

        -076      FACTORS AFFECTING THE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY         1AD712
                  OF ATMOSPHERIC SULFATE

        -100      ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS BY GAS           1AD712
                  CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY

        -116      LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL EMISSION CORRECTION FACTORS        1AA601
                  FOR AMBIENT CONDITIONS

        -124      INSTRUMENTATION FOR MONITORING THE OPACITY OF        1AA010
                  PARTICULATE EMISSIONS CONTAINING CONDENSED WATER

        -125      METHODOLOGY AND INSTRUMENTATION TO MEASURE          1AD712
                  GASEOUS AMMONIA

        -130      PROTOTYPE CORRELATION MASK FLAME PHOTOMETRIC        1AA010
                  DETECTOR FOR MEASURING SULFUR DIOXIDE

        -154      APPLICATION OF FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETRY           1AD712
                  TO REMOTE SENSINGOF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS

        -178      ELECTRON MICROSCOPE MEASUREMENT OF AIRBORNE         1AD712
                  ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS


600/3-76-010      ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF CARBON MONOXIDE             1AA003
                  IN ST. LOUIS MISSOURI AREA

        -01 la     RAPS EMISSION INVENTORY HANDBOOK  VOLUME I          1AA003

        -01Ib     RAPS EMISSION INVENTORY HABDBOOK  VOLUME II         1AA003

        -01Ic     RAPS EMISSION INVENTORY HANDBOOK  VOLUME III        1AA003

        -015      EFFECTS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS ON MATERIALS —        1AA008
                  A CHAMBER STUDY

        -016      REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY:                       1AA003
                  EXPEDITIONARY RESEARCH PROGRAM, SUMMER
                  OF 1975

        -017      PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS IN THE AMBIENT AIR OF        1AA008
                  THE UNITED STATES

        -018a     THE TRANSPORT OF OXIDANT BEYOND URBAN AREAS         1A1008

        -018b     THE TRANSPORT OF OXIDANT BEYOND URBAN AREAS         1A1008

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-024       AN INVESTIGATION OF GAS PHASE OZONOLYSIS            1AA008
          REACTIONS
•029       SMOG  CHAMBER CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS                  1AA008

•030a.     THE FATE  OF NITROGEN OXIDES  IN THE ATMOSPHERE        1A1008

-030b      THE FATE  OF NITROGEN OXIDES  IN THE ATMOSPHERE        1AT008

-035       THE GENERAL MOTORS?  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION        1AA601
          AGENCY SULFATE  DISPERSION  EXPERIMENT

-070       MECHANISM OF PHOTOCHEMICALLY INITIATED         .     1A1008
          OXIDATIONS

-073       A DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE SIZE             110302
          DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE AIRBORNE PARTICLES

-012       A STUDY OF PAN-TYPE COMPOUNDS AND RELATED            1A1008
          PRECURSORS

-080       SMOG  CHAMBER STUDIES ON PHOTOCHEMICAL               1AA008
          AEROSOL-PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS

-084       SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG          1AA008
          FORMATION AND TRACE POLLUTANT DETECTION

-085       CHEMICAL  CHARACTERIZATION  OF MODEL AEROSOLS          1AA008

-087       ENVIRONMENTAL AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS USING            1AA603
          AN AIRBORNE PARTICLE MORPHOKINETOMETER

-088       CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF  SULFUR IN  SUB-            1AA001
          MICROMETRIC AEROSOLS

-089       REACTION  KINETICS OF OZONE WITH  SULFUR              1AA008
          COMPOUNDS

-090       SULFUR DIOXIDE  PHOTOOXIDATION RATES  AND             1AA008
          AEROSOL FORMATION MECHANISMS

-091       UTILITY OF REACTIVITY CRITERIA IN ORGANIC            1A1008
          EMISSION  CONTROL STRATEGIES

-093       ANALYSIS  OF ATMOSPHERIC ORGANIC  AEROSOLS            1AA003
          BY MASS SPECTROSCOPY

-107       OXIDANT-PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS  DURING POLLUTANT     1AA603
          TRANSPORT CONDITIONS

-108       ATMOSPHERIC FREONS AND GALOGENATED COMPOUNDS        1AA603

-109       THE TRANSPORT OF OXIDANT BEYOND  URBAN AREAS          1AA603

-110       MIDWEST INTERSTATE SULFUR  TRANSFORMATION AND        1AA603
          TRANSPORT PROJECT:  AERIAL MEASUREMENTS OF
          URBAN AND POWER PLANT PLUMES, SUMMER 1974

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600/3-77-OOla     INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTOCHEMICAL           1AA603
                  OXIDANT POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL
                  PROCEEDINGS:  VOLUME I

        -001b     INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTOCHEMICAL           1AA603
                  OXIDANT POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL
                  PROCEEDINGS:  VOLUME II

        -Oil      MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL    1AA603
                  SMOG

        -014a     MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN            1AA603
                  URBAN AIR VOLUME I.  CHEMISTRY STUDIES

        -014b     MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN            1AA603
                  URBAN AIR VOLUME II. CHAMBER STUDIES

        -015      AEROSOL SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS - PHOENIX,            1AA008
                  ARIZONA

        -017      PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON 1975 NORTHEAST          1AA603
                  OXIDANT TRANSPORT STUDY

        -025      APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM                    1AA603
                  SPECTROSCOPY TO AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS

        -026      APPLICATION OE..FOURIER TRANSFORM                    1AA603
                  SPECTROSCOPY TO AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS
                  INTERIM REPORT 1976

        -027      LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF SULFUR DIOXIDE            1AA603
                  DEPOSITION VELOCITIES

        -028      HETEROGENIOUS REACTIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES          1AA603
                  IN SIMULATED ATMOSPHERES

        -041      THE TRANSPORT OF OXIDANT BEYOND URBAN AREAS         1AA603
                  DATA ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR THE
                  SOUTHERN NEW WNGLAND STUDY, 1975

        -043      EFFICIENCY OF GAS-WALL REACTIONS IN A CYLINDRICAL   1AA603
                  FLOW REACTOR

        -044      FORMATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL AEROSOLS                 1AA603

        -048      EFFECT OF SELECTED PARAMETERS ON PREDICTIONS        1AA603
                  OF A PHOTOCHEMICAL MODEL

        -053      PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATE AEROSOLS      1AA603
                  IN THE LOS ANGLELES AIR BASIN

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       -054      REGIONAL TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF            1AA603
                 SULFUR DIOXIDE TO SULFATES IN THE U. S.

       -055      STUDIES OF OXIDANT TRANSPORT BEYOND URBAN           1AA603
                 AREAS

       -072      AEROSOL CHARACTERISTICS AND VISIBILITY              1AA603

       -073      AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY DURING THE HOUSTON        1AA603
                 URBAN PLUME STUDY, JULY 1974

       -080      AEROSOL RESEARCH BRANCH, ANNUAL REPORT              1AA603
                 FY1976/76A

       -081      REACTIONS OF  ISOPROPOXY RADICALS WITH               1AA008
                 NITROGNE OXIDES

        -089      REACTIVE HYDROCARBON  CONTROL  COSTS  FOR              1AA603
                 LOS ANGELES

        -109a     EFFECT  OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION ON OXIDANT-       1AA008
                 HYDROCARBON  RELATIONSHIPS  Phase  I   Exhaust
                 Blends  from  Non-Catalyst and  Catalyst Equipped
                 Vehicles

        -109b     EFFECT  OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION ON OXIDANT-       1AA008
                  HYDROCARBON  RELATIONSHIPS  Phase  II  Blend of
                  Total Hydrocarbon  Emissions
600/4-75-002
LOW COST COMPACT X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYZER
FOR ON-SITE MEASUREMENT OF TRACT ELEMENTS
IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
        -004      ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE PROPERTIES IN
                  THE LOWEST 300 METERS
1AA010
                                                    1AA009

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        -005      OBJECTIVE PROCEDURES  FOR  OPTIUM                     1AA009
                  LOCATION  OF  AIR POLLUTION OBSERVATION
                  STATIONS

        -006      DISPERSION FROM TALL  STACKS                         1AA009

        -016a     TURBULENCE MODELING AND  ITS  APPLICATION             1AA009
                  TO ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION.  Part  I

        -016b     TURBULENCE MODELING AND  ITS  APPLICATION             1AA009
                  TO ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION.  Part  II
600/4-76-001      DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT FOR STACK NEAR               1AA603
                  BUILDING—WIND TUNNEL STUDY

        -002      MODELING OF THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS                1AA009
                  AND DISPERSION IN URBAN ATMOSPHERES

        -007      SPECTRAL MODELING OF ATMOSPHERIC FLOWS               1AA009
                  AND TURBULENT DIFFUSION

        -009      MOBILE LIDAR STUDY OF THE LOS ANGELES                1AA009
                  MIXING LAYER

        -013      METHODOLOGY FOR INVENTORYING HYDROCARBONS            1AA003

        -016a     CONTINUED RESEARCH IN MESOSCALE AIR                 1AA009
                  POLLUTION SIMULATION MODELING. Volume  I

        -016b     CONTINUED RESEARCH IN MESOSCALE AIR                 1AA009
                  POLLUTION SIMULATION MODELING. Volume  II

        -016c     CONTINUED RESEARCH IN MESOSCALE AIR                 1AA009
                  POLLUTION SIMULATION MODELING. Volume  III

        -016d     CONTINUED RESEARCH IN MESOSCALE AIR                 1AA009
                  POLLUTION SIMULATION MODELING. Volume  IV

        -021      A NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF                1AA009
                  STABLY STRATIFIED FLOW AROUND COMPLEX
                  TERRAIN
600/4-76-022      PLUME DISPERSION IN STABLY STRATIFIED FLOWS         1AA009
                  OVER COMPLES TERRAIN

        -025      CALCULATED ACTINIC FLUXES (290-700nm)               1AA009
                  FOR AIR POLLUTION PHOTOCHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS

        -029a     EMPIRICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING AIR QUALITY      1AA009
                  AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA.  Parti

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       -029b      EMPIRICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING AIR QUALITY      1AA009
                  AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA.  Part II
       -029c      EMPIRICAL TECHNIQIES FOR ANALYZING AIR QUALITY      1AA009
                  AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA.  Part III
       -030a      ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION PARAMETERS IN GAUSSIAN       1AA009
                  PLUME  MODELING.  Part I
       -030b      ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION PARAMETERS IN GAUSSIAN       1AA009
                  PLUME  MODELING.  Part II
       -031       PRECIPITATION  SCAVENGING OF  FOSSIL-FUEL EFFLUENTS   1AA009
       -032       REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY:  QUALITY ASSURANCE    1AA003
                  AUDITS
       -037       REFINEMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN  URBAN METEORO-      1AA009
                  LOGICAL - POLLUTANT MODEL
       -039       RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS  ON THE PLANETARY    1AA009
                  BOUNDARY LAYER
       -040       REGIONAL AIR  POLLUTION  STUDY:  GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY   1AA003
                  LABORATORY OPERATIONS
       -042       THE "GAUSSIAN-PLUME" MODEL  WITH  LIMITED  VERTICAL    1AA009
                  MIXING
       -047       STACK PLACEMENT IN  THE  LEE  OF  A  MOUNTAIN RIDGE:     1AA603
                  A WIND TUNNEL STUDY
       -055       URBAN AIR POLLUTION MODELING WITHOUT COMPUTERS      1AA009
       -056       MEASUREMENT OF DRY  DEPOSITION  OF FOSSIL  FUEL PLANT 1AA009
                   POLLUTANTS
       -058
NUMERICAL OPYIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN AIR QUALITY
MODELING.  Objective Interpolation Formulae for
the Spatial Distribution of Pollutant Concentration
1AA603
600/4-77-002a
        -002b

        -006

        -009
AN OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR REGIONAL AIR    1AA603
POLLUTION STUDY.  Part I
AN OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR REGIONAL AIR    1AA603
POLLUTION STUDY.  Part II
DISPERSION OF ROOF-TOP EMISSIONS FROM ISOLATED      1AA603
BUILDINGS:  A Wind Tunnel Study
DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN CARBON MONOXIDE               1AA603
CONCENTRATIONS, TRAFFIC COUNTS AND METEOROLOGY

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600/4-77-010      MESOSCALE AIR POLLUTION TRANSPORT IN  SOUTHEAST      1AA603
                  WISCONSIN

        -014      REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY POINT SOURCE           1AA603
                  EMISSION INVENTORY

        -015      CALCULATION OF SELECTED PHOTOLYTIC RATE             1AA603
                  CONSTANT OVER A SIURNAL RANGE

        -016      DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN TRAFFIC FLOW AND CARBON       1AA603

        -017      REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY:   SULFUR COMPOUNDS     1AA603
                  AND PARTICULATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION INVENTORY

        -018      REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY:   NON-CRITERIA         1AA603
                  POLLUTANT INVENTORY

        -035a     NEW YORK AIR POLLUTION PROJECT OF 1964-1969         1AA603
                  VOLUME I.  DESCRIPTION OF DATA

        -0355     NEW YORK CITY AIR POLLUTION PROJECT OF  1964  -       1AA603
                  1969 VOLUME II.  DATA

600/7-77-020      POWER PLANT STACK PLUMES IN COMPLEX TERRAIN:       1NE625
                  AN APPRAISAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH

        -021      SULFATES IN THE ATMOSPHERE                         1NE625
                  A PROGRESS REPORT ON PROJECT MISTT

        -033      COMPACT, IN-STACK, THREE SIZE CUT PARTICLE         1NE625
                  CLASSIFIER

        -049      AMBIENT HYDROCARBON AND OZONE CONCENTRATIONS       1NE625
                  NEAR A REFINERY

        -055      THE MEASUREMENT OF CARCINOGENIC VAPORS  IN           1NE625
                  AMBIENT ATMOSPHERES

        -056      HYDROCARBON AND OXIDANT CHEMISTRY OBSERVED         EHE625
                  AT A SITE NEAR ST. LOUIS

        -076      AEROSOL RESEARCH BRANCH, ANNUAL REPORT              1NE625
                  FY1976/76A

        -104      LITERATURE SURVEY OF EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED  WITH     1NE625
                  EMERGING ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

600/9-75-008      REPORT ON THE PROBLEM OF HALOGENATED AIR           1AA008
                  POLLUTANTS AND STRATOSPHERIC OZONE

600/9-76-007a     DENVER AIR POLLUTION STUDY:  1973 PROCEEDINGS       1AA008
                  OF A SYMPOSIUM, VOLUME I

600/9-77-001      DENVER AIR POLLUTION STUDY:  1973 PROCEEDINGS  OF   1AA008
                  A SYMPOSIUM, VOLUME II

600/0-76-022      FIELD EVALUATION OF WATER SOLUBLE FLUORIDE          1AD605
                  MONITORS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES

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  PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                          1 A D 7 1 2
                                                          1 A D 6 0 5
                                                          1 A A 0 0 1
                                                          1 A A 0 1 0
                                                          1 A 1 0 1 0
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY   :
     These  research  efforts  have been designed to respond  to  the needs  associated with
the  detailed description  of  the composition and level  of air  contaminants.   This level
)f detail is necessary  to elucidate parameters such  as:  Chemical  and physical  inter-
ference, environmental  constraints, and  end-use requirements.  The outputs  of these
research activities  are new  and/or improved methodology  and instrumentation technology
  lch will  be  utilized  for stationary source,  mobile source and ambient air require-
nents that  will  support the  development  and maintenance  of Agency air quality goals.
Fhese outputs  are  requisite  to the determination of  atmospheric effects, atmospheric
:hemical and physical processes, and the development and evaluation of  air  quality
simulation  modeling.	

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                          fl'lcmc rt'iiJ /mtrtii'iioHi uii lli< icteric bcfurr c<»m/-'i line'.
r >•••;> 1 NCI 2.
EPA-500/2-76-210 PB-259577
.1 Titii AND sum ni.r
AMBIENT CO MONITOR
? .v.. i Hv'Mi-..;
Darrell E. Burch, Francis J. Gates, John D. Pcmbrook
J Pt "1FOHMING On~ANI2ATION NAME AND ADDRfcSS
Acronutronic Ford Corporation
Aeronutronic Division
Ford Road
Newport Beach, California 92663
1? ?rl'MI-O'IING AOtNCY NAMt AND ADORtSS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C., 20011
15 SUM'LI MfcNTAHY NOTtS
1. HtCIPlLNf ;• ACXIGSIO**NO.
•i HCPOM 1 t)Att
	 July 1976
0. PfcMFOMMINfi Olir.ANI7A (ION ( ^IDl
!l. I'CHMMIMINi; '.>l«iiAf«i,*AtlON >• [i-Cl'-i i N.
U-6210
10. PHC't'.ftAM l{.l Vlf.Nt NO
. 1AD712-
It. C;;^ i SIACI '(j II ANT NO
68-02-2219
13. TVri. Of MI.POUT AND I'tMIOl CUVFMCI
Final
14. SPONSoniNr, AGtNCv"r.obt~"
EPA-ORD

     A portable  instrument has been designed and two units have been built to monitor
the concentration of CO in ambient air.   The air flows through a  sampling section
that is approximately A3 cm long with  a  28-pass optical system that  produces a total
path of 12 meters.  Gas-filter correlation methods are employed for  the detection
and discrimination against other gas species in the air.  An 1^0  monitor built into
the ..-nain  instrument measures the concentration of HnO and automatically accounts
for a small  amount of interference by  this gas.  Interference by  all other atmos-
phevic gases  is  negligible.  The minimum detectable concentration of CO is less'
than 0.02 ppm.   The instrument is powered either by batteries or  by  a battery pack.
                ui semi-Tons
KtY WUIIOS AND OOCUML'NT ANALYSIS
              MOLNTII ii us/on N LNULU ILIIMS
Air Pollution
Carbon Monoxide
 i  • ii.i-i I if>'i ; I /. 11 Ml N I

Release to  public
                Gas-Filter Correlation
               l« SI CUm I Y CLASS f//ill /i./..irf/
                Unclassified 	
               70 stcuRii Y"cTArr*r///H
                Unclassified
                                                                        C. COi.ATI ( ll-l .
l. NO Of »'AC- S
  28
                                                                        ??. mice
   tm JJ70-1
        2

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read lailruclions on the reverse before completing)
1. RtPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-76-277
                             2.
PB-265455
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  REMOTE  MONITORING OF NITRIC  OXIDE BY GAS-FILTER
  CORRELATION TECHNIQUES
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                               November 1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)

  Darrell  E.  Burch and David  A.  Gryvnak
                        3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO

                            U-6252
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Aeronutronic Ford Corporation
  Aeronutronic Division
  Ford  Road
  Newport  Beach,  California    92663
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                            1AD712  (1AA010)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                            68-02-0766
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.  S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, N.C.   27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                         	Final,  6/73-6/76
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                   EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  The  feasibility of remotely monitoring the concentration of Nitric Oxide  (NO)  in  the
  effluent of industrial  stacks has been investigated  analytically and experimentally
  in the laboratory.  The type of instrument considered  employs two or more gas-filter
  cells  that contain different amounts of NO.  Radiant energy emitted by the hot gas
  in the effluent is measured after it has passed either through one of the gas-filter
  cells  or through a neutral  density filter.  By comparing the amounts of energy
  received through each of the filters, it is possible to determine the concentration
  of NO  in the presence of a  moderate amount of continuum-emitting material such as
 -small  particles.  A simple, single-line spectral model  served as the basis for the
  analytical  work.  Heated cells containing NO + N2  or H20 + N2 simulated an industrial
  stack  for the laboratory experiments.  Interference  by hot H20 in the effluent and
  cold HpO in the atmospheric path causes the most serious uncertainties in the  measure
  ments  for many types of stacks.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *Air  Pollution
 *Nitric  Oxide
 *Remote  Sensing
  Monitors
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
            Gas-Filter Correlation
.  COSATI I icItl/Ciroup

T3B
 07B
 14B
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                       21. NO. OF PAGES

                                          80
            20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

              UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-021
                             2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
PB-271656
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
ALARM-LEVEL MONITOR  FOR  S02 EMISSIONS FROM  STATIONARY

SOURCES
                                                                          February 1977
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Donald A.  Wallace and Wayne Perkins
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 International Biophysics  Corporation

 2700  DuPont Drive

 Irvine,  California 92664	
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                          1AD712
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                              68-02-2233
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
Office  of Research and  Development
U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park.  North Carolina 27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final 7/75-5/76
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      A field prototype,  alarm-level monitor  for S02 emissions  from stationary
sources was designed,  fabricated and tested.   The monitor was  designed to be
inexpensive, simple to operate and easily maintained.  The monitoring system is
an extractive type that  employs an air aspirator to pull a sample  through a
probe and sample conditioning assembly.  The  gas sample flows  through an analyzer
that  contains an electrochemical cell as the  sensing element.  The analyzer has
the sensitivity to detect  SO  concentrations  in a single range from 0 to 1000
parts per million.  .Visual  aftd audible alarms are activated when S0? emissions
are in excess of a preset  level.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
*Air  pollution
*Sulfur dioxide
*Moni tors
  Electrochemical cells
*Warning systems
              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
                                             13B
                                             07B
                                             07D
                                             13L
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                         2t.,NO. OF PAGES
                                              36
              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9*73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL P J'ORT DATA
                           (I'lrasc read Initnictions on tlir rcirrsc he fore comi'lc
       NO.
 EPA-600/2-77-026
                             2.
                                   PB-269081
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
  EVALUATION OF  STATIONARY SOURCE PARTICULATE
-MEASUREMENT METHODS
  Volume II  Oil-Fired Steam Generators
5. REPORT DATE

  February 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Edward T. Peters  and Jeffrey W. Adams
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Arthur D. Little,  Inc.
 Acorn Park
 Cambridge, Mass.  02140
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

  1AD712 (1AA010)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-0632
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 •Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
  Interiin 10/73 - 2/7fi
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
   EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 Volume  I was  issued as EPA-650/2-75-051a, June  1975
16. ABSTRACT
An  experimental study was conducted  to  determine the reliability  of  the Method 5 pro-
cedure  for providing particulate  emission data from an oil-fired  steam generator.  The
study was  concerned with determining whether any "false" particulate resulted from the
collection process of from  the  collected particulate.  Variations to Method 5 tested
included filter media, size and temperature, nozzle type and  sampling duration.   Tests
were conducted at a 350 MW  source utilizing low sulfur residual fuel.

Two series of field tests were  conducted.  In both cases simultaneous samples were
collected  with two trains.  In  all cases one train was the standard  Method 5 train.
The other  train was either a modified Method 5 train with an  in-stack filter or a
second  standard Method 5 train.

Runs were  preformed in which one  or  both trains were spiked with  S02 at the nozzle to
provide sampled gas stream concentrations of ^2000 pprn S02 approximating a high sulfur
fuel.   By  comparing particulate and  sulfate distributions between probe and filter
catches for the two trains, no  evidence for the formation of  "false  particulate" for
the condition evaluated were found.

The in-stack filter method used has  several advantages over EPA Method 5 including the
elimination of recovering the probe  catch.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS

 * Air pollution
 * Particles
 * Collecting methods
 * Evaluation
 * Field tests
 * Electric power plants
 * Oil burners
                                              h.lDENTIFIEHS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
              c. COSATI I icIcl/Ciroiip
                13B
                14B
                10B
                13A
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
              21. NO. OF PAGES

                   66
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Farm 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REI'ORT DATA
                            (I'lrase trail Inductions on llie reverse lie/arc compli H
\. RtPORl NO.
                             2.
                                  PB-264223
  EPA-600/2-77-035	|
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   FIELD EVALUATION OF AN AUTOISOKINETIC STACK
 - PARTICULATE SAMPLING SYSTEM
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                                        L92JL
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)


   W. A. Smith and E. W. Stewart
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

   Entropy Environmentalists,  Inc.
   Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27709
                                                          1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                               1AD712
                                                          It. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                                68-02-2226
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
   Office of Research and  Development
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27711
                                                          13. TYPI. OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                               Final  6/75  -  6/76
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                               EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       The performance of  a  prototype autolsokinetic stack  participate sampling system,
  designed to maintain automatically isokinetic sampling  conditions, was evaluated in
  field tests at stationary  sources.  Tests were conducted  to determine the operating
  limits and characteristics of the system.  Preliminary  tests demonstrated the neces-
  sity of making several modifications to the existing  system to improve the level of
  performance for the field  evaluation program.  Improvements were made in the problem
  areas of the performance of the mass flowmeter, flow  totalizer, and flow control
  valve systems and  In the sampling nozzles.
  --  The autoisokinetic  sampler was tested at four field  installations selected to
  provide a wide range of  sampling conditions.  The results of the testing and analy-
  sis showed that the sampling system maintained acceptable isokinetic sampling rates
  of 100% £10 at only one  of four sources.  An inverse  relationship between the percent
  of Isokinetic rate and the temperature of the gas stream  being sampled was found.
  The evaluation revealed  that the sampler will operate only 1n the narrow range of
  stack gas static pressures of ±3 inches water column.   The physical hardware was
  found to be fragile and  difficult to operate in the field.  Overall, the autoisoki-
  netic sampling system failed to meet the design goals.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air pollution
 •*Particles
  *Sampling
  *Systems
  *Evaluation
  *Field tests
                                             1>. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C. COSATI Held/Group
                                                                             13B
                                                                             14B
18. DISTRIHUTtUN STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This lirpofl)

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

	5fl
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 O-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL RE! ORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the 'evcrsc before completing)
 REPORT NO.
            EPA-600/2-77-03e
                             2.
                 PB-264893
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 . TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
 EFFECTIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICIPATE
 EMISSIONS FBOM ATYPICAL  STATIONARY SOURCES
 Interim Report
                                          REPORT DATE
                                          February 1977
                                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 H. A. Hanson and D.  P.  Saari
 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 FluiDyne Engineering Corporation
 5900 Olsaon Memorial Highway
 Minneapolis, Minnesota   55422
                                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                           1AD712
                                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             68-02-1796
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTF,  NC
 Office of  Research  and  Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle  Park, NC  27711	      '
                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                           Interim 6/75 -  9/76	
                                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                           EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
    Techniques  and instrumentation for sampling  strategies to measure particulate
    emissions from "atypical" stationary  sources were developed.  The four atypical
    source categories are low effluent streams,  extended dimensions, partially or
    totally  unconfined flow, and saturated  gas  streams or gas streams with entrained
    liquid droplets.   The research program  included literature surveys, laboratory
    model testing, and field testing of several  atypical stationary sources.  Tech-
    niques and  instruments were evaluated as to the degree of reliability of measured
    emissions and applicability to general  situations.

    Three specific sources—gravity roof  ventilators, grain dryers, and wet scrubbers-
    were selected to provide the basis for  the  research program of the four atypical
    source categories.  Basic characteristics of these sources were identified
    through  literature and personal contact surveys.  A program of model  testing  and
    field testing of roof ventilator emissions  was completed, and a similar program
    was undertaken for wet scrubbers.  The  sampling strategy recommended  for  roof
    ventilator  emission measurement on the  basis of the test program includes  a  high
    volume particulate sampler and a heated thermopile anemometer deployed near  the
    base of  the ventilator.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
  *  Air  Pollution
  *  Particles
  *  Industrial  Plants
  *  Nonuniform Flow
  *  Sampling
  *  Systems
  *  Evaluation
DESCRIPTORS

         *Ti el d~ Tests"
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C. COS ATI I'icld/Croup
     13B
     131
     20D
     14B
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21.
   NO. OF PAGES
     130
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                1INC1 ASSTFTFH	
                                                                        22. PRICE

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunctions on llie reverse he/ore completing)
1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-77-076
                             2.
           PB-268239
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 FACTORS  AFFECTING THE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY
 DF  ATMOSPHERIC SULFATE
                                   5. REPORT DATE
                                     May 1977
                                   6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                          S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Coutant,  R.  W.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Battelle Columbus Laboratories
 Columbus, Ohio  43201 .
                                   10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                     1AD712   BE-08  (FY-77)
                                   11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-1784
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, N. C.
 Office of Research and Development
 U.  S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711	
                                   13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                                     Final. d/75 - 11/7fi	
4/
ING
                                   14. SPONSdRINfG AGENCY CODE

                                     EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
     TRACTFactors  that influence the collection  and measurement of atmospheric  sulfate
 were investigated.   Special emphasis was  given  to those factors that cause the
 formation  of  extraneous sulfate during  the  sampling process.  The factors considered
 were filter type  and composition, ambient S02 concentration, temperature, relative
 humidity,  ambient gas composition, sampling time and rate, storage time and conditions
 and the  presence  of potential oxidation catalysts in the particular catch.
          The  approach of the investigation  was  twofold.  After conducting an extensive
 laboratory program to identify and quantify significant sulfate generating inter-
 actions, a brief  field study was performed  to test the significance of the laboratory
 observations  under typical field operating  conditions.
          The  results of this investigation  indicated that the most significant cause
 of sulfate sampling error is the interaction of basic filter components with ambient
 SO?    This interaction is affected by ambient atmospheric conditions.  A relationship
 based  on established chemistry was developed for the prediction of sulfate error
 caused by  this interaction.  Recommendations of filter media appropriate for ambient
 sulfate monitoring and further development  of  a methodology are included.
17.

I. .
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMEN . ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air pollution
  *Sulfates
   Particles
  *Sampling
  *Efficiency
  *Sulfur dioxide
*Filter materials
interactions
                      l>.IDENTIFIl.nS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
     c. coSArt l-'ickl/Croup
          13B
          07B
          14B
          13K
 13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                       19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!

                       UNCLASSIFIED
     21. NO. OF PAGES
          99
i
                       20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                       UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
                                     8

-------
TECHNICAL REPCRT DATA
(t'ltmc read luxrtictions on the rcrmr licfote conii'li-tiiiK)
1. niroru NO
EPA-600/2-77-100
PB-269654
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS BY GAS
-HROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY
7. AUTHOR(S)
Edo 0. Pellizzari


9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P. 0. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
1?. SPONSORING AGENCY NAMt AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES \


3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
S-REP35neDAf§77
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELFMENT NO.
1AD712 BB-08 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2262
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09

16. ABSTRACT - ' 	 • 	 • 	 	
Analytical methodology based on capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/
computer, was developed for the collection and analysis of urban organic pollutants.
The areas of investigation included: (a) the preparation and evaluation of glass
capillary columns for pollution analysis, (b) the development of methodology for
quantitative analysis of ambient air pollutants,and (c) the identification and auan-
tification of organic pollutants in ambient air from several geographical locations "
/ithin the continental U.S.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
•»• DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
'Organic compounds
Tuis chroma tography
"Mass spoctroscopy
""Computers
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC


EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
I).IOENTIFIEHS/OPEN ENDED TERMS c. COSATI 1 iclii/(iroiip
1 3R
070 !
14B
09B
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 114
^Plj-jkpy'lljy-CJ ASS (This page) 22. PRICE
}


-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (I'leosr read lutimrHons on the rtvenc before camplflingj
                             2.
                                  PB-273-125
 . HLI'OHT NO.
 __LP^l6_°9/2:77-_l 25	
 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE

METHODOLOGY  AND INSTRUMENTATION TO MEASURE
GASEOUS AMMONIA
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIO^NO.
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             August  1977
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AU7HORI3)

D. David, D.  Ruffin and Ml Will son
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
           OFI'iA'JIZA CION NAME AND ADDRESS
lonsanto Research Corporation
Dayton Laboratory
 515 Nicholas  Road
Dayton. Ohio	
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                                 1AD712 BE-11 (FY-77)
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                           68-02-1793
 *. SP .''NSORINC AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of  Research and Development
U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianqle Park, N.C.  27711	
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             	Final	
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                                 EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
      Methodology for the  time integrated collection and analysis of atmospheric  ammonia
was  developed.  Ammonia is  primarily measured because it can react with SOX  to produce
ammonium sulfate.  Since  SOX is one of the principle air pollutants, it is important
to determine its atmospheric reactions.                      ;

      The methodology makes  use of optical wave guides which are 1 x 20 mm quartz rods
coated with a chemical that is specific for NHa-   As ammonia reacts with  the chemical
on the rod, the optical properties of light passing through the rod change and  can be
directly related to the NH3 concentration.-  An optical wave guide analyzer was  develop
ed to measure the resulting change in optical properties.  Concentrations as low as
1  ppb can be assayed.  The  coated quartz rods are placed in the field for 24 hours and
brought back to the laboratory for analysis by the analyzer.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air Pollution
  *Anronia
   Measurement
   Development
  *Analyzers
   Quartz
   Optical Properties
                                              h.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                            COS AT I lii Id/Croup
                                                                               13B
                                                                               07B
                                                                               14B
                                                                               08G
                                                                               20F
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES'
117
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 t»-73)
                                            10

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read ImOnictiotu on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-77-154
PB-273101
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 APPLICATION OF FABPY-PEROT  INTERFEROMETRY
 TO REMOTE  SENSING OP GASEOUS  POLLUTANTS
                        5. REPORT DATE

                             August 1977
                        5. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 W. Hayden  Smith and Robert A.  King
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Princeton University Observatory
 Princeton University
 Princeton, NJ  08540
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                          1AD712
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                          Contract No.  68-02-0327
                          Grant No.  800805
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC   27711	
            - RTF, NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Final  8/71 - 3/75	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
19. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

      A method for the remote sensing of molecular species  via the rotational Raman
  effect was developed.  The method uses the properties of a scanning Fabry-Perot
  interferometer to multiplex the  spectra in a manner specific for a given species.
  Furthermore,  the method allows the "in principle" sensitivity of remote pollutants
  to be iHcreased by as much as 10* over the'vibrational Raman effect.  To achieve
  this goal, a  scheme was developed for the rejection of the Raman spectra of the
  abundant background gases, N2 and 02.  This was accomplished efficiently and with
  little loss of the Raman scattered light from the pollutant species.  Laboratory
  measurements  were conducted to demonstrate the method for  a few specific cases;
  results  were  encouraging.  In addition to the light rejection scheme actually used,
  a radically new technique utilizing the polarization properties of the Raman
  scattered light was also developed.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.tDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c. COSATI Field/Group
 * Air Pollution
   Flue gases
 * Remote sensing
 * Optical scanners
 * Interferometers
   Raman spectra
           Fabry-Perot interferomete -s
                  13B
                  2UB
                  14B
                  171
                  20F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Reportl
             UNCLASSIFIED
              21. NO. OF PAGES

                  142	
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                      22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                           n

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunction on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA 600/2-77-178 PB-276656
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE MEASUREMENT OF AIRBORNE
ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS
A Provisional Methodology Manual
7. AUTHOR(S)
An ant V. Samudra and Colin F. Harwood
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
I IT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
August 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BA-14 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2251
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/75 - 6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/ 60 0/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
IS. ABSTRACT

      This manual describes  a provisional optimum electron microscope (EM)
 procedure for measuring  the concentration of asbestos  in air samples.  The
 main features of the method include depositing an  air  sample on a poly-
 carbonate membrane filter,  examining an EM grid specimen in a transmission
 electron microscope  (TEM),  and verifying fiber identity  by selected area
 electron diffraction  (SAED).

      This provisional manual  results from a study  to develop an optimum
 EM procedure for airborne asbestos determination.  The analytical data
 supporting the provisional  methodology are included in a separate final
 report.
17."
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                  c.  COSATI 1-icld/Croup
 *Air pollution
 ^Asbestos
 *Scrpentine
 *Amphiboles
  Measurement
*Electron microscopy
*Electron diffraction
Chrysotile
13B
OSG
11E
14B
is. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                        19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                          UNCLASSIFIED
                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                              56
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                               UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 222 • '
                                       12

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  PROGRAM    ELEMENTS  :
                                                          1 A D 6 0 5

                                                          1 A A 0 0 1
                                                          1 A A 0 1 0
                                                          1 A 1 01 0
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY   :
     These research efforts  have  been  designed to  respond  to  the  needs  associated with
the  detailed description  of  the composition and level  of air  contaminants.   This level
of detail is necessary  to elucidate parameters such  as:  Chemical  and physical  inter-
ference, environmental  constraints, and  end-use requirements.  The outputs  of  these
research activities are new  and/or improved methodology  and instrumentation technology
     will be utilized  for stationary  source,  mobile source and ambient air require-
nents that will  support the  development  and maintenance  of Agency air quality  goals.
Fhese outputs are  requisite  to the determination of  atmospheric effects,  atmospheric
:hem1cal and physical processes,  and the development and evaluation of  air  quality
          modeling.	__	
                                        13

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (lleate rctttl Instruction* mi llie rcvcnr before co
1. REPORT NO.
       600/0-76-022
UNPUBLISHED
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
  FIELD EVALUATION  OF WATER SOLUBLE FLUORIDE MONITORS
  FOR STATIONARY  SOURCES.
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  J. Sachdev
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Scott Environmental  Technology, Inc.
  Plumsteadville,  Pa.   18949
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                        1AD605
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                                        68-02-1795
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. NC  27711	
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                            	    Final	
                          14.SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                       EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       Standards of performance  for  fluoride emissions  for phosphate fertilizer and
  aluminum  reduction plants were proposed in 1975.   In  an  effort to have a continuous
  monitor for fluoride detection available when the  standards  were promulgated a con-
  tract was  awarded to field test commercially available instruments.   A survey of
  the market yielded two analyzers as potential candidates.  One analyzer failed to
  perform adequately in laboratory tests. The second, based  on the specificion elect-
  rode technique, malfunctioned  during field tests at an aluminum reduction plant.
  Malfunctions included plugging of  sample lines, electronic drifts due to tempera-
  ture changes and non-reproducib1lity of standardization  procedure.

       Modifications to the monitor  were effected based on field problems encountered.
  The instrument is to be retested at an aluminum reduction  plant at a later date.
17.
                                K£Y WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
   *Air  pollution
   *Fluorides
   *Monitors
    Field  tests
    Evaluation
             lUDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         c. COSATI I ioM/C.ioup
                                             13B
                                             07B
                                             14B
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
    RFIFASF TO PUBLIC
             19. SFCURITY CLASS (This Kcport)

             	UNCLASSIFIED	
             20. SECURITY CLASS (Tills page)

                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES

                                                                              41	
                                                                         23. PRICE
EPA Form 22JO-1 (9-73)
                                          14

-------
                                    TECHNICAL HEPORT DATA
                              -ase read Inunictions mi ilic /rum1 fa lore eoni/'letingf
    PORT NO.
     EPA-600/2-76-265
2.
      PB-260880
 4. TITL€ ANOSUOTITLE

     VALLENCE STATES  OF SULFUR  IN
     POLLUTION SAMPLES BY X-RAY ANALYSIS
                              3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                              5. REPORT DATE
                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
     J. V. Gilfrich,  M.  C. Peckerar,  and L. S. Birks
                                                            B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9. PERFORMING OHGANIZATION NAME AND AOORlss"

     Naval Research Laboratory
     Washington, D. C.   20375
                              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                 1AD605
                              tl. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
  . SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
     Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
     Office of Research  and Development
     U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
     Research Triangle Park, M. C.    27711
                              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                                Int en m   6/75-6/76
                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                 EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
          A flat single  crystal spectrometer was configured  to measure the

     valence band x-ray  spectra of various forms of sulfur.   While most

     different valence states showed  differences in the  structure of the

     Kg band, particular emphasis was placed on distinguishing sulfide from

     sulfate in samples  simulating pollution particulate collections.  The

     relative fraction of sulfide and sulfate in samples containing as low
                2
     as 25 yg/cm  total  sulfur can be measured with an accuracy of about 10%.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
     *Air pollution
      Sulfur inorganic  compounds
      Sulfur organic  compounds
     *Sulfur
     *Valence
     *X-ray fluorescence
 9. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                              b.lDCNTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19. SECURITY CLASS (Iliis Report)

.UNCLASSIFIED	
ZOJStCUniTY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
                                           c.  COSATI Ficlil/CJroup

                                            3B
                                           D7B
                                           D7C
                                           )7D
                                            21. NO. OF PAGES

                                           12	
                                            22. PRICE

-------
 . MM'OHTNO.          '         12.
  EPA-600/2-77-003	j	P.Bb263688
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (I'lcasf read InUnif lions on lite reverse before rnmiilrHnK)
             3. MtCIPII NT'S ACCtSSIO«*NO,
4. TITLE -«rErSUOTITLE
  PULSED  FLUORESCENCE MONITOR  FOR MEASURING AMBIENT
  NITROGEN  DIOXIDE
  Development  of  a Laboratory  Prototype	
             5. REPORT DATE
                Jvin
—January. 1077   	
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
7. AUTHOR(S)

  C. I.. Fincher,  A. W. Tucker,  and M. Blrnbaum
             8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                         ORGANIZATION COOC
9. PERFOHMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  The Aerospace Corp.
  Electronics  Research Lab.,  P.O.  Box 92957
  I.OH Anp,eles, California  90009
              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.'

                1AD605
              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NOT

                68-02-2246
17. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office  of  Research and Development
  IF. S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Kescnrch Trltmp.le Park, N.  C.   27711	
              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIo"b COVERED
                Final
              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
IB. ABSTRACT
    A prototype pulsed flashlamp monitor  for  measuring ambient NO- has been
 developed,  constructed and  tested.  The  basic principles  are similar to a
 laser  fluorescence NO- monitor developed  3 years earlier  by the Electronics
 Kescarrh  Lab of the Aerospace Corp.  The  pulsed system has  met the contract
 tleslp.n p.oal of a sensitivity of 5 ppb for an integration  time of 1 minute,
 ;ind shows p.reat promise  for further improvement.  The systems operation has
 linen successfully demonstrated in monitoring outside, air.   Continued
 development will lead to an instrument comparable in compactness to present
. <:lu;mtluminescence Instruments while being relatively interference free and
 more relinble.
u.
a.
                                KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *Air  pollution
 ANltroj'.on dioxide
 *Moa?itirlnf» instruments
  Prototypes
 *Flucirescence
  Pulse  duration modulation
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSAt I Held/Group
                              13B
                              07B
                              1/4B
                              20F
                              20N
II. IMSTRIUUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
  UNCLASSIFIED
              21. NO. OF PAGES
                    35
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Tliilpage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
CPA Form 2220-1 («-73)
                                        16

-------
                             TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                       fncaie read iHUructiom on Hie rcvtnc before coinr\eilnn>
      NO.
 EPA-6CO/2-77-00"
                         2.
                                3. RECIPIENT'S ACCtSSlO^NO.
            PB-263028
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
    CARBON DIOXIDE LASER  SYSTEM TO MEASURE
    GASEOUS  POLLUTANTS
                                6. REPORT DATE

                                   .Tnnunrv 1977
                                6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7.-AUTMORIS)
                                8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
    R.J. Gillmeister and  L.R. Snowman
9.PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    General  Electric,  Ordnance Systems
    Electronic Systems Division
    100  Plastics Avenue
    Pittsfield,  Massachusetts  01201
                                 1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                           1AD605
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                   68-02-1290
13. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
    Office  of Research  and Development
    U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency
    Research  Triangle  Park, NC   27711
                                                   13. TYPE Of REPORT AND PERIOD COVE RED
                                                     Final. May  197A-1975
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                   EPA -  ORD
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
          The report  concerns  the  continuation  of work  in  the
     development of a gas laser  system for  air  pollution monitoring
     over  long paths,  a kilometer  or more,  using infrared  absorption.
     Modifications  to a bread-board system  for  simultaneous  detection
     of  0_,  NH_, C.H,  and the  addition of beam  steering optics to give
     the system area  monitoring  capability  are  discussed.   Operation
     for a two month  period in St.  Louis in conjunction with the
     RAPS  program is  also discussed.  During this period 0^  and NH3
     were  monitored at Site 103  in RAMS.  Data  comparing system
     performance with that of  conventional  monitors is  presented
     along with the results of problem investigations.
17.
                           KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
               DESCRIPTORS
                                       b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                             c.  COSATI Field/Croup
 *Air pollution
 *0zone
 *Ammonia
 *Ethylene
 *Analyzers
  Design
 *Carbon dioxide  lasers
*Infrared  radiation
 Evaluation
 Field  tests
13B
07B
07C
!/• B
20E
20F
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                       19. SECURITY CLASS (Tlii.1 Report)
                                        UNCLASSIFIED
                                             21. NO. OF

                                              111
                                                                     PAGES
                     20. SECURITY CLASS (Hill page)
                       UNCLASSIFIED
                                                              22. PRICE
EPA Form J2JO-1 19-731
                  17

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (ricosc read Instructions on ilie reverse before comi>lctiii);)
 REPORT NO.
 CPA-600/2-77-010
                             2.
                                                         3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO,
                                 PB-265395
 TITLE. AND SUBTITLE
 EVALUATION OF METHODOLOGY AND PROTOTYPE TO MEASURE

 ATMOSPHERIC SULFURIC  ACID
                                                         5. REPORT DATE
                                                                    January  1977
                                                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
          tTE. Snyder
          T. J. Reed
          A. M. McKissick
                                                         8, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                                                    ARC 49-5664
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Atlantic Research Corporation
 5390 Cherokee Avenue
 Alexandria, VA  22314
                                                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                                    IAD  605
                                                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                                    68-02-2247
12..SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  bnvironmcntal Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27711
                                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                           	Final 6/75-6/76
                                                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                                    EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        A method is being developed to selectively assay ambient  sulfuric  acid
  aerosol.  The method  utilizes the vapor of a volatile amine  (or amine  derivative)
  to  neutralize the acid  as it is collected  on a Teflon filter.  The  amine sulfatc
  thus formed is thermally decomposed at 200°C to release sulfur dioxide,  or other
  stoichiometrically related sulfur containing adduct, which is measured by a
  flame photometric detector.   Immediate chemical fixation of  the acid  lessens the
 -chance of side reactions with other substances on the filter, while the  relatively
  low decomposition temperature eliminates particulate interferences  such  as
  ammonium sulfate.  Sulfur dioxide is also  collected as a reagent complex on the
  filter but is selectively removed by heating at 100°C.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Snlfuric acid
*Aerosol
 Sulfur dioxide
*Collccting methods
.Chemical analysis
*FTamc Photometry
*Prototvi
         rm.
         noi
                                              l).IOENTIFIEnS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                       C. COSATI I idil/liioup
                                                                               13B
                                                                               07B
                                                                               07D
                                                                               14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

             RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                            19. SECURITY CLASS f7ViM Report)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
        96
                                              20. SECURITY
                                                  JRITY CLASS (This page)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 222CM («-71)
                                      18

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read InUructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/2-77-062 PB-266671
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
X-RAY ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS
Interim Report: Sample Preparation
i
7. AUTHOR(S)
M. Fatemi, E. T. Johnson, R. R. Whitlock,,
L. S. Birks, and J. V. Gilfrich
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Material Sciences Division
Naval Research Laboratory
Washington, D. C. 20375
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTPi> NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianale Park, N. C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
5. REPORT DATE
March 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA-IAG-D6-0651
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim - 10/74-10/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
•
16. ABSTRACT

  A measurement technique, suitable  for  submicrogram quantities of asbestos, using
  a combination of fiber alignment and x-ray diffraction was previously  introduced.
  The x-ray measurement of aligned fibers is a straightforward operation.   However,
  it has since been found that  the sample preparation itself depends on  several
  parameters which need critical  control.

  The composition of the alignment medium is established as 10-20 ppm  (W/V)  of
  parlodion (cellulose nitrate)  in distilled amyl acetate.  The effect of  filter
  pore-size has been shown to be  more significant than previously thought.   Fiber
  losses in the range of 50-80% of  total mass are not unlikely, depending  on the
  fiber size distribution.  Similarly, ultrasonification has been shown  to affect
  fiber size distribution and subsequent fiber retention by filters.   Ambient
  relative humidity suitable for alignment of single drops has been established
  to be in the range of 35% to  45%  at 228C to 20°C, respectively.  Parameters
  involved in radio frequency ashing of filters are also discussed.  It  is shown
  that ashing quality and subsequent dispersion depends on the fitler  membrane,
  and improves as this concentration is increased.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                       c. COSATI !;icld/Group
  *Asbostos
  *Air pollution
  *X-ray diffraction
  *Alignment
  *Quantitative analysis
Chrysotilo
Crocidolite
Amosite
HE
13B
20F
07D
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                       21. NO. OF PAGES
                              36
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                        19

-------
TECHNICAL HEI'ORT DATA
(I'linsc trail lnUniclwns on the irrcnc before coiiii'lctnixl
i. nijPoni.MO. |2.
EPA-600/2-77-063 1 PB - 268861
A. TITLF AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS MONITORS FOR CARBON MONOXIDE
IN STATIONARY SOURCES
7. AUTHOR(S)
Mark Repp
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc.
Plumsteadville, Pennsylvania 18949
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, Nnrtih r.arnlina ?7?n
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
March 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605 BA-36 (.FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1400 Task 20
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 7/75 - 3/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
 The performance characteristics of five commercially available continuous carbon
 monoxide monitors were evaluated in a two part program consisting of laboratory
 and field phases.  The laboratory phase involved testing each instrument for
 response characteristics, precision, noise, response times, drifts, variations
 due to temperature and pressure, and CO- and H20 interferences.  The field evalu-
 ation phase involved the operation of tne monitors on the outlet duct of a carbon
 monoxide boiler at a petroleum refinery.  Data generated in both phases of the
 program were used as the basis for recommending minimum performance specifications
 for continuous carbon monoxide monitors at petroleum refineries.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
j. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Carbon monoxide
* Monitors
* Tests
* Field Tests
* Refineries
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (this Ktport)
UNCLASMnE'~>
20. SiiCUMIT Y CLASS ( Tliit page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Held/Group
13B
07B
14B
131
21. NO. OF PAGES
1 64
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     20

-------
                                  TECHNICAL KEI'OKT DATA
                           {I'ltasc read /iiitnti'Ht"1* <«i ilif rmrsc tirjine < i»>\i
   Peter A. Gabele,  James N. Braddock,  Frank M.  Black,
   Fred D. Stump,  and Roy B. Zweidinger
                                                          B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research  and Development
   U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, N. C.  27711
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                1AD605
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory -  RIP, NC
    Office of  Research and Development
    U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park. N. C.  27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                In-house  7/75 - 7/76
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                EPA/600/09
15, SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16.ABSTRACT ^  test program was initiated to characterize exhaust gas  emissions  from
    an  automobile equipped with a  dual  catalyst  system.  The dual catalyst system
    was designed by Gould, Inc. to reduce emissions of engine exhaust  hydrocarbons,
    carbon monoxide, and nitrogen  oxides.  It basically consists of  two  catalysts in
    series:   a  nickel-copper alloy reduction catalyst to control nitrogen oxide
    emissions,  and a platinum-palladium oxidation catalyst to control  carbon monoxide
    and hydrocarbon emissions.                                              .
          The  test vehicle, an AMC Hornet having a 232,CID six cylinder engine, was
  -tested over the Federal Test Procedure, the Highway Fuel Economy Test, and the
    Sulfate  Emission Test.  In addition to the regulated gaseous emissions, sulfur
    dioxide,  sulfuric acid, hydrogen cyanide, nickel carbonyl, carbonyl  sulfide,
    aldehydes and detailed hydrocarbon emissions were sampled and  analyzed.  A
    brief discussion of each method used to sample and analyze the non-regulated
    pollutants  is included.
           Results indicate that  (1) sulfate emissions from the dual catalyst  car
    were comparable to those from  production catalyst vehicles equipped  with air
    pumps,  (2)  hydrocarbon emissions were of low reactivity relative to  other  vehicles
    and (3)  nickel emissions were  quite high.  With regard to the  nickel emissions,
    the forms in which this element are emitted are not known nor  is the extent of
           rarhrmyl e>nri g c i nn <;
17.
                               KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
   *Air pollution
    Automobiles
   *Exhaust emissions
   *Catalytic converters
                                             b.lDKNTIFIERS/OPC.N E.NDED TERMS
                          C.  COSATI 1 icUI/Cirbtip
                                13B
                                13F
                                21B
                                Q.7A
1<». DISTftlBUTIO!^ STATEMENT


    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
t9. SECURITY CLASS tllmKct'itr
  _ UNCLASSIFIED
20, SECURITY CLASS ,7/iM page)
    UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. Ol CAGES
      28
22. PRICE
EPA Form 22200 (i-7J)
                                       21

-------
  PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                          1 A A 0 0 1
                                                          1 A A 0 1 0
                                                          1 A 1 0 10
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY   ;	
     These research efforts  have  been  designed  to respond  to  the  needs  associated with
the  detailed description of  the composition and level of air  contaminants.  This level
)f detail  Is necessary to elucidate  parameters  such  as:  Chemical  and physical  Inter-
ference, environmental constraints,  and  end-use requirements.   The outputs  of  these
research activities are  new  and/or Improved methodology and Instrumentation technology
 hlch will be utilized for stationary  source, mobile source and ambient air requlre-
  nts that will  support  the  development  and maintenance of Agency air quality  goals.
 hese outputs are requisite  to the determination of  atmospheric effects, atmospheric
 henrlcal and physical  processes,  and the development and evaluation of  air  quality
 imulation modeling.	
                                        22

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Plcast read luUruclioni on the rci rru- In-fore ci>»:~k tint-
'" ^PA-600/3-76-088
                                   PB-257543
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TjTLc AND SUBTITLE

 "CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF SULFUR IN
  SUBMICROMETRIC AEROSOLS
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                              August 1976
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AOTHOR(S)
  Jack L. Durham, William E. Wilson,
  and E.  Baker Bailey
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                              1AA001
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                              In-house.  6/7A-6/75
                                                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                              EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

       A method  is  described for  measuring continuously the total  sulfur in
  submicrometric aerosols suspended in air containing sulfur dioxide.   The aero-
  colloid is passed through a  tube coated internally with lead dioxide.  The
  gaseous sulfur dioxide diffuses to the surface  of the tube and reacts
  irreversibly  to form lead sulfate.  The aerosol is not significantly removed
  •in the  tube.   The total sulfur  in the aerosol  is determined by a hydrogen-air
  flame photometric detector.

       A  sulfur balance has been  demonstrated  for the sulfur dioxide-ozone
  olefine reaction system, which  produces aerosols containing sulfur.
 17.
                                KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS'OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                            COSATI Field/Group
   * Air pollution
   * Aerosols
   * Sulfur
     Sulfur dioxide
     Flame photometry
                                                                            13B
                                                                            07D
                                                                            07B
                                                                            14B
 19. JlSTRIUUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                               19.SCCURITY CLASS tlllilKcport)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OH CAGES
     22
                                               20. StCUfVT Y CLASS t'l'liil page)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
 CPA Term t220-\ (9-73)

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  PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                          1 A A 0 1 0
                                                          1 A 1 0 10
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY   :
     These research  efforts  have  been  designed  to  respond  to  the  needs associated with
the  detailed description of  the composition  and level of air  contaminants.  This level
)f detail  is necessary to elucidate  parameters  such  as:  Chemical  and physical  inter-
rerence, environmental constraints,  and  end-use requirements.   The outputs  of these
research activities  are new  and/or Improved  methodology  and instrumentation technology
rfhich will  be utilized for stationary  source, mobile source and ambient  air require-
nents that will  support the  development  and  maintenance  of Agency air quality goals.
Fhese outputs are  requisite  to the determination of  atmospheric effects, atmospheric
:hemical and physical  processes*  and the development and evaluation of air  quality
simulation modeling.	
                                        24

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                                 ri;cn;>wjAL ui.i'uiti DAI A
                          (I'leaje reail Itittnictwm on tin: reverse licfurf commietinfj
IIEI'OHT MO. 2.
El'A-600/ 2-75-052 PB-248103
TITLE ANDSUBTITLC
COLLECTION EFFICIENCY STUDY OF THE PROPOSED METHOD 13
SAMPLING TRAIN
MUTHORIS)
Walter Smith
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
-.SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
September 1975 (Approval
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CCi
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION RL."
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA010
\ 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1792
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD C<-
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
• ..ABSTRACT
 This report  summarizes testing  undertaken to determine the  collection
 efficiency of  the proposed Method  13 sampling train.  The efficiency of
 the train in the concentration  range 6-118 ppm and at a sampling rate of
 3/4 to 1 cfm was found to be 99+%.   Laboratory analyses of  samples using the
 SPADNS and the SIE techniques for  fluoride, determination showed that the
 _SPADNS method  is less precise and  accurate than the specific  ion electrode.
 ~.t was also  determined that the distillation step-in the analytical procedure
 .resulted in  erratic and non-reproducible results.  Analyses requiring this
 distillation step must.be watched  carefully to avoid carry  over of potential
 interfering  ions.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Collecting methods
Evaluation
Efficiency
Air pollution
Fluorides
Chemical Analysis
. DISTRIUUUON STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

10. SECURITY CLASS (JHis Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
C. COSATI Mel.'
14LJ
13D
7B
7D
21. NO. OF PAH!
32
22. PRICE
'•A Form JJ20-1 (9-73)
                                     25

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                                read luaniflivns on //ic rrvtiv Ix-Jorr
 . REPORT NO.
  EEA-600/2-75-053
                             2.
           PB-252565
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  MAGNITUDE OF SO?, NO, C02, AND  02 STRATIFICATION
  IN POWER PLANT DUCTS
                                    5. REPORT DATE

                                    Seoternhpr 10.75
                                    5. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  A.  R.  Crawford, M. W. Gregory,  E.  H.  Manny, and
  W.  Bartok
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Exxon Research and Engineering  Company
  Government Research Laboratory
  P.  0.  Box 8
  Linden,  New Jersey   07036
                                     EXXON/GRV.IDJAL.75
                                    10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                     1AA010
                                    11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                    68-02-1722
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office  of Research and Development
  II.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. N.C.  27711	
                                    13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                     final
                                    14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                                     EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
 A  field measurement study was  conducted on utility boilers  to  determine combustion
 gas  stratification in the ducting.   One of the purposes of  the study was to determine
 the  optimum location for extracting representative gas samples for continuous
 monitoring.   The results indicate  that average gas concentration,  velocity, and
 temperature, which were measured by traversing the inner  50% of the duct cross
 section,  do not differ significantly from those obtained  by traversing the entire
 duct.   Also, sampling from only a  limited number of points  within  the inner 50% of
 the:  doct  usually yields a representative sample.
17.
                               KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 A1r pollution
 .Measurement
 F1eTd Tests
 Continuous Sampling
*Gas Sampling
'Stratification
 Chemical ANalysis
*Electric-power plant!
 Coal
 Oil
 Boilers
                                                            CNDto TLRMS
                                                                        f.  CUSATI I
 13A
 14B
  7D
 21D
 10B
 13A
14. DISTRIBUTION STATtMCNT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                       19. SECURITY CLASS (THisKeportl
                        UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

   169
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Tliilpaft)

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 O-73)
                                      26

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-650/2-75-062
                             2.
PB-250545
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF POWER PLANT
 SMOKE STACK EFFLUENT VELOCITY
                         5. REPORT DATE
                          August 1975
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 C.R. MILLER and  C.M.  SONNENSCHEIN
                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 RAYTHEON COMPANY
 Equipment Division
 Electro-optics  Department
 Sudburv, Massachusetts 01776	
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA010
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                          68-02-1752
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Office of Research  and Development
 Washington, D.C.  20460
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          FINAL  REPORT
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 Prepared in cooperation with: National  Environmental  Research Center
 	Research  Triangle  Park. N.C. 27711
16. ABSTRACT
           This  report describes  the successful demonstration of the  ability of a C0~
 Laser DopplerVe loci meter (LDV)  to measure remotely the velocity of  the effluent
 from a power plant  smoke stack.   The basis of the  technique is that  laser radiation
 backscattered from  particulates  in the effluent  is Doppler shifted in  frequency in
 preportion to the velocity of the effluent.  Measurements were made  against a coal
 burning power plant equipped with electrostatic  precipitators to remove particulates
 from the boiler flue gases.  Based on the results  of the measurements  a study on the
 design of an LDV optimized for the measurement of  power plant effluent velocities
 was performed.                                                 '
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
            b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Ticld/GtOUp
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
 127
                                              2O, SECURITY CLAS
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                      CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (3-73)
  27

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'lcate read fuOruciions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NC. 2..
EPA-600/2-75-076 PB-256620
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
•DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING
AMBIENT ATMOSPHERIC CARCINOGENIC VAPORS
7. AUTHOR(S)
Edo D. Pellizzari
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P. 0. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27709
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianqle Park, N. C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE _
November 197 5
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT Nl
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA010
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1228
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVEREI
Final fi/74 - fi/75
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
     Analytical techniques and  instrumentation,  developed during the previous
contract year, were perfected and  evaluated  for  the collection and analysis  of
carcinogenic and mutagenic vapors  occurring  in ambient air.   The areas of
investigation  included  (a) the  performance of a  sorbent cartridge sampler for
hazardous vapors occurring at concentrations of  nq/m3; (b) the design, fabrication,
and performance of a  portable field  sampler; and (c) the identification of hazardous
and background pollutants from  several  geographical areas in the continental U.S.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
.1. DESCRIPTORS
Evaluation
Collecting Methods
Air Pollution
*Vapors
*Carcinogens
Gas Chroma tography
Mass Spectrometry
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI I'icld/Group
14G
14B
13B
7D
6E
21. NO. OFJSAGES
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (S-73)
                                   _28

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Iiiunicitom iw the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-&WU2- 75-077 PB-249113
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION SPECTROMETER AS AN
AREA S02 MONITOR
7. AUTHOR(S)
R. B. Sperling
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Measurements, Inc.
215 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, California 94111
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
October 1975
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA010
11, CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1773
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
      The Barringer COSPEC  II  instrument, an S0£ remote sensor, was compared to
  the manual in-stack  S02  and velocity compliance tests for emission measurements.
  The correlation for  short  term (me hour or less) comparison was poor.   Higher
  correlations for S0£  emission rates on a daily basis were found.  In addition
  to the COSPEC II, a  COSPEC III and COSPEC IV were used in the study.  Correlations
  among the three instruments were good (90-95%).  Main source of error in the
  remote measurements  was  the wind velocity determinations.  For a short tima span
  of less than an hour, wind velocity may vary 1005K and only averages can be obtained
  for the measurements.
t7. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
*Evaluation
Comparison
*Remote sensing
*Ultraviolet spectrometers
Air pollution
*Sulfur dioxide
Mobile equipment
13 UISTRIBUTICN STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Barringer COSPEC
instruments
19. SECURITY CLASS (IhitKrporll
UNCLASSIFIED
20 SECURITY CLASS (This pate)
UNCLASSIFIED
C. COSATI
Held/Group
14G
148
13B
07B
15B
21. NO. Or
115
PAGES
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2230-1 (9-73)
                                   29

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                                 TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read Inttructions on Ihe reverse before completing)
BCPCflT NO. 2.
EPA-600/2-76-021 PB-255092
~'TLE AND SUBTITLE
ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SULFIDIC AND AMINE
jDORANTS
• 4UTHORISI
Jerry N. Nwankwo and Amos Turk
• PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
The City College of New York
Department of Chemistry
Convent Avenue at 138th Street
New York, New York 10031
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO. "
5. REPORT DATE
June 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPOR
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA010 (26AAP-065)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
802396
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVt
Final Report (6/1/73-11/30,
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
•5. ABSTRACT            •                                    ~~	•
      Oxidation of odorous  vapors  at the anode of an electrochemical cell was studi
 as a promising approach  to achieving instrumental analysis of odors.
      The technique of  linear potential sweep cyclic voltammetry was used .to invest
 gate the oxidizability of  several amines, sulfides, and their mixtures on platinun
 gold, glassy-carbon, carbon paste, and graphite electrodes.  Results of the analy:
  f individual amines showed that  the ease of oxidation on a platinum electrolyte «
 ^.ertiary > secondary > primary.
      Results for runs  conducted on mixtures containing combinations of primary,
 secondary, and tertiary  amines indicated that separate current peaks were not
 obtained for the various amines.   Instead, a composite peak was obtained for any
 given mixture.  Results  for sulfides using a platinum electrode indicated that
 allyl sulfide, n-butyl sulfide and tert-butylsulfide could be oxidized in aceto-
 nitrile solution with  0.1  M NaClO^ as supporting electrolyte.  The order was:
 tert-butysulfide > n-butylsulfide > allysulfide.  When amines and sulfides were
 mixed, a clear separation  of the  peaks was observed.  The results indicate that  it
 is possible to characterize a mixture of amines and sulfides by linear potential
 sweep cyclic voltammetry.

                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*0dors
•Amines
•Organic sulfides
'Measurement
•Electrolytic analysis
Electrolytic cell
Oxidation reduction reactions
triSTRlBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASED TO PUBLIC
l>. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. St CURlTY CLASS (This Rcftnrtl
UNCLASSIFIED
70 SECURITY CLASS (Tliitpafc)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI 1 icId/Groui
06P
07C
14G
14B
07D
07B
2V NO. OP PAGES
46
22. PRICE
 A Form 2220-1 (9-731
                                   30

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (I'lcase read luiiructioin on the reverse before completing)
I, REPORT NO.

 EPA-600/2-76-033
                            2.
PB-253779
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
 r-RAY FLUORESCENCE MULTISPECTROMETER FOR RAPID
 ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF  PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                             March 1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
1. AUTHOR(S)
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Jack Wagman, Roy L. Bennett,  and Kenneth T.  Knapp
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and  Development
 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park.  N.C.    27711
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA010
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and  Development
 U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park.  N.  C.   27711	
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                        In-house,  1 yr.  ending 10/75
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA-ORD
IS.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
18. ABSTRACT
     A multichannel wavelength x-ray fluorescence spectrometer, specially  adapted
 for rapid analysis of  air pollution particulate samples, is described.  The  system
 contains an array of fixed-wavelength  spectrometers optimized for  simultaneous
 analysis of 16 preselected elements and  a  computer-operated scanning  channel  for
 the determination of any number of additional  elements.  A loading device  permits
 automatic handling of  batches of up to 100 frame-mounted 47 mm filter samples.
 Instrument operation,  data processing, and printout of results are controlled by
 a minicomputer.  The system permits rapid  elemental analysis at high  spectral
 resolution, a significant advantage with air pollution samples which  typically
 contain several dozen  elements at a wide range of concentrations.   For samples
 deposited on membrane  filters, 100-second  detection limits are in  the range  of 2
 to 40 ng/cm2 for most  elements of interest.
E-
1. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
j_ DESCRIPTORS
•Chemical analysis
' X-ray analysis
*X-ray fluorescence
X-ray spectrometer
Air pollution
•Aerosols
Articles
'l DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
h. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS ( This Rtpnrt)
UNCLASSIFIED
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tint page I
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI I-icld/Gioup
07D
14B
20F
13B
14G
2V NO. OF PAGES
44
22. PRICE
       1J20-I (S-73)
                                     31

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (I'lcase read ImJructiom on the tcvcnc before completing)
 REPORT NO.
 EPA-6QQ/2-76-Q14
                             2.
                                  PB-256910
                                                          3. RECIPIENTS \CCESSION-NO.
.TJTLE AND SUBTITLE
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR POLLUTANT DOSIMETRY
            5. REPORT DATE

             February 1976
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Lt*.0^.  Harrison, P. A. Lawless
D. E.  Gilbert,  J. H. White
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P. 0.  Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC   27709
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

              1AA010
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.


              68-02-1731
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.  S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
             13. TYPG OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

             Final
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      This report comprises  the results of a study to:   (1)   Define and place
 realistic limits upon  the needs of epidemiologists  for personal pollutant dosimeters;
 (2)   Identify pollutant-sensing principles that offer  reasonable opportunity for
 early development of functioning dosimeters capable of operating with the limits of
 (1)  above;  (3)  Project the impact of mechanical and  electronic miniaturization
 techniques upon each of the principal options disclosed in (2)  above;  (4)  Assess
 the cost/benefit aspects of active vs. passive sampling of the atmosphere, as applied
 to candidate sensors identified in (1), (2) and  (3) above;   (5)   Assess the
 advantages, if any, of a systems approach to dosimeter development, in which the
 design of a sensor for a given pollutant would be constrained to make maximum use of
 ccnponents & subassemblies  coition to sensors for other pollutants.

      The study reported on  has been arbitrarily limited to consideration of devices
 applicable to the measurement of ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.  The
 principles developed will apply in seme degree to the  eventual design of dosimeters
 for other pollutants.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
     *Dosimeters
      Air pollution
      Ozone
      Sulfur dioxide
      Nitrogen dioxide
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN GNDED TERMS
                             COSATI I idii/GrOllp
                             06R
                             13B
                             07B
10. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Htport)

  UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
192
                                              2O. SrCURITY CLASS (Tillsr<*gc)
                                               Uf-CLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (ricasc read luunictionx on ilif rrn-rsc before ct*n\i>lctint!)
t. RtPORT MO

  EPA-60G72-76-062
                              2.
                                   PB-255093
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  OPTICAL  METHOD FOR MEASURING  THE MASS
  CONCENTRATION OF PARTICULATE  EMISSIONS
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                           5. REPORT DATE

                                                                 Marrh  1 076
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  Gregory  R.  Markowski , George  J.  Woffinden
      ' David  S.  Fnsnr
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Meterology Research, Inc.
  464  W.  Woodbury Road
  AHadena,  California  91001
                                                           MKI7 75 FR-1379
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                                 1AA010
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                                 68-02-1749
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office  of  Research and Development
  U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle,Park, M.C.   27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                                                           	Final	
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                                        EPA - ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
ID. ABSTRACT
        The objective of this  study is to demonstrate the feasibility of  an  in-situ
   across-the-stack optical  technique to measure  the mass of particulate  emissions
   from stationary sources.  The technique uses small angle light scattering and
   transmittance to determine  a quantity closely  related to particulate mass con-
   centration.   The forward  scattered light is measured at an angle of 1  or  less.

       The technique has been  investigated both theoretically using Hie theory,  and
   experimentally using aerosols produced in the  laboratory.  The experimental
   results agree with the theoretical predictions and indicate that the method  is
   relatively insensitive to changes in aerosol parameters such as particulate  size,
   refractive index, and shape.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Field/Group
   Optical  measuring  instruments
   *Transmittance
   *Light scattering
   Air pollution
   *Aerosols
   *Weight (mass)
                                                                             14B
                                                                             20F
                                                                             13B
                                                                             07D
                                                                             14G
t8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (Thii Report)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS /Tins page)

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                        33

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i. nrror. r NO.
 _EPA-600/2-76:094_
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  RAPID METHOD  FOR  DETERMINING
  NO  EMISSIONS IN  FLUE GASES
    A
7. AUTHOR(S)

  H. M. Barnes  and M. C. Caldwell
                                   TLCI1 i!C/»L REPORT DATA
                            I'li-aie read luilrin limn on the rr\\-fs>- he/on' f
      PB-258309
                                      DATE     I
                                    September 1976
                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                              R.PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office  of  Research  and  Development
  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  N.  C.   27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office  of Research and  Development
  U.  S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park.  NC  27711	
                                                            J RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION1 NO.
                               10. PHOCiRAM CLEMENT NO.

                                    1AA010

                               11. CONTRACT/GHANT~NO~
                               13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                               In-house   9/74-5/75
                               14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                    EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        This report discusses the NO  compliance procedure  (Method 7) for stationary
                                     J\
   sources and the attempts to improve  the  procedure and decrease analytical time.

   When the procedure  is rigorously followed,  Method 7 was  found to be precise and to

   give reproducible results.  To decrease  the time necessary to oxidize NO to N02»

   Method 7 was modified by adding an ozone lamp.  Good agreement {±12% or less) was

   found between nitrate measurements using Method 7 and measurements using modified

   Method 7.  Future work incorporating an  ozone lamp into  an integrated sampling

   apparatus  is discussed.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
   *Air pollution
   *Nitrogen oxides
    Nitrogen oxide
    Nitrogen dioxide
    Flue gases
   *Chemical analysis
*Improvement
*0xidizers
 Ozone
                                               li.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                            c.  COSATI Held/Croup
13B
07B
21B
07D
11G
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                  19. S
                                  'liis Report)
                                             21. NO OF PAGES
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS iritis page!
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
SPA Form 2220-1 (3-73)
                                     34

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           Ifltaie read Inslructioin on the rcvcnc before completing)
 I. REPORT NO.
,   EPA 600/2-76-096
                             2.
PB-256399
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
;4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
'/ COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES  OF STACK SAMPLING SYSTEMS FOR
  VANADIUM EMISSIONS  IN  FLUE GASES
                        5. REPORT DATE
                           April, 1976
                                                          5. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 1. AU«HOR(S)
                        B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  H. Lawrence Goldstein  and  C.  W.  Siegmund
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Exxon Research and Engineering Company
  Products Research Division
  P. 0. Box 51
  Linden, N. J.  07036
                        1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA010	
                        II.CONTRACTAiRANf NO. '
                           68-02-1748
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research  and Development
   U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina 27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Final    7/74 - 6/75
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA-ORD
 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. AOSTRACT
 SUMMARY - An experimental  program has been conducted  to measure and compare the effi-
 ciency of two stack  sanpling systems to collect vanadium-bearing particulate emissions
 in flue gas.  One sampling system was EPA's Method 5,  the  other was developed by
 Exxon Research and Engineering Company for specialized in-house studies.

    To evaluate collection  efficiency, an extensive factorial study was carried out in
 a 50 hp four-pass firetube boiler burning typical residual fuel oils. In each test the
 sampling systems were  operated simultaneously in the 'stack to collect the vanadium-
  baring particulate  emissions.  Three residual fuel oils were tested: two Venezuelan
  (359 and 149 ppm V)  and  one Arabian (39 ppra V).  A vanadium balance was established
 for each experiment  by inventorying both the particulate emissions and the particulate
 remaining in the boiler.   Test variables, in addition .to the sampling systems and fuel
 oils, ^Iso included  two  combustion residence times and two sampling probe locations.

    The results of the  study show that vanadium collection  efficiency depends on two
 variables: combustion  residence time and sampling system.   For both systems efficiency
 decreases as combustion  residence time increases, which results in a particulate size
 distribution shift to  the  submicron range.  Where particulate emissions are in the
 coarse size range, collection efficiency in both sampling  systems is almost quantita-
 tivo. The oxidation  states of vanadium in fuel oil emissions are briefly discussed.
 17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c.  COSATI Field/Group
  Air Pollution
  Particles
 *Vanadium
 *Rcsidual Oil
  Flue gases
 *Collecting methods
 *Efficicncy
  Chemical analysis
                                          13B
                                          07B
                                          21D
                                          21B
                                          14B
                                          07D
 19. UIS1 RIBUTION STATEMENT

     Released to Public
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
21. NO. OF PAGES
   167
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This pace I
                                                Unclassified
                                                                        22. PRICE
CPA Perm JJJO-1 (»•?]}
                                      35

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TECHNICAL REI :iHT DATA
(I'll JJf reaj litxr.n ti-»;\ «n I :c •• \,i'.,- l-ijurc rumi'li tua-i
1. REFCRT \O
EPA-600/2-76-126
PB-253252
J. Till t A\L' SUSTll LI
DEVELOPMENT OF THIN CALIBRATION STANDARDS FC
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
7. AC-1 -iCRiSl
P. A. Pella, E. C. Kuehner,
9. PERFORMING ORC '.MZiTION NAME A'
Analytical Chemistry Divisi(
National Bureau of Standard
Washington, DC 20234
3. KECIPIfcNT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. RETORT DATE
)R May 1976

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
and W. A. Cassatt
.D ADDRESS
Dn
5
12 SPONSOR! \C AGE.NCV r.AVc AND ADDRESS
Environmental Science Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
' ' 1A1010
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA-IAG-100 (D)
DPA-IAG-D4-F849
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/1/-7/-74 - fi/1/75
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE' '
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Particulate reference sarnples have been 'prepared for the standardization of
X-ray fluorescence spectrometers used in the analysis of air particulate natter.
Jniform layers of reground orchard leaves of known composition, i.e., National
Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Material 1571, were deposited on membrane
filters and coated with a thin polymer film for projection against abrasion and
moisture. These samples have been prepared with mass per unit area of 0.1 to 5.0
rag/cm .
IT.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
L DESCRIPTORS ,
* X-ray fluorescence
* Chemical analysis
* Standards
Calibrating
is. DISTRIBUTION STATE .'INT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lOENTIFIEHS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS illns Kci>,>rtl
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS /T/i.'i pjgtl
UNCLASSIFIED
C. COSATI I IClJ/GtolIp
20F
07D
14B
21. NO. OF PAGES
13
22. PRICE
.CPAForm 2220-1 (1-73)
                                                       ,36

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read fnuructions on the reverse before completing)
 RtPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-76-157
                             2.
   PB-262201
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   SAMPLING  INTERFACE FOR THE  QUANTITATIVE TRANSPORT
   OF AEROSOLS--FIELD PROTOTYPE
                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

   Madhav  B.  Ranade
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                            i. REPORT DATE
                             June  1976
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   I IT Research Institute
   10 West  35th Street
   Chicago, Illinois 60616
                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                               1AA010

                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-1295
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
   Office  of Research and  Development
   Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                               Final Report	       _
                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                               EPA - ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
         A  sampling interface for the quantitative transport of  aerosols was designed,
   fabricated and evaluated.  The interface may be used for transporting particles
   (up  to  50 pm on diameter) from industrial stacks to a collection device or a
   monitoring instrument.   The interface  consists of a porous wall  probe with
   clean air transpiring  inwards to prevent deposition of  particles.  Laboratory
   and  field testing of the interface  has shown it to be efficient  in transporting
   particles encountered  in industrial  stacks.
7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
    * Air pollution
    *Aerosols
    *Sampling
    *Probes
    *Design
    Fabrication
    Evaluation
Tests
Field tests
                                              b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                            COSATI Held/Group
13B
070
14B
13H
HB
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
               19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
68
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form JJJO-1 (»-73)
                                     37

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                                      iH IHUH /< lui
 I HI I'OIIT NO
             r76-J 69
          J-258851
 4. TITLt AMOSUOTITLE
    DEVELOPMENT OF A PROPORTIONAL SAMPLER FOR
    AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST  EMISSIONS TESTING
 1. AUTHORISI


    Harold J. Haskins
9. PturoHMINU ORGANIZATION NAMC AND ADDRESS
    Industrial and Environmental. Products Operation
    Aeronutronic Ford Corporation
    Newport Beach, California  92663
 12. SPONSORING ACHNCY NAMt AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
    Office of Research and Development
    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina
                                                           3. RECIPItNT'S ACCESSIOI*NO.
                                 5. REPORT DATF
                                     June  1976
                                 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                           a. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Ht.FonT NO
                                 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                   1AA010
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             68-02-1755
                                                            13. TVPC OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                       ____     _.
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                   EPA -ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 1C. ABSTRACT
         This report describes the development of a  device that is capable of
    sampling gaseous emissions from automobiles.  The  device samples exhaust
    gases at a mass rate  that is proportional to the total exhaust gas
    mass flow rate, which is  measured using an ultrasonic vortex flowrneter.
    The flowmeter delivers signals, which are conditioned by process control
    electronics, to a  sample  valve.  Non-standard temperature and pressure
    conditions at both,the vortex flowmeter and the  sample valve are compensated
    for in the process control  electronics.  The report  focuses primarily
    on  development of  the vortex flowmeter, the sample valve, and the process
    control  electronics.   These three components comprise the heart of the
    proportional sampling system.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
   * Air  Pollution
     Design
   *Development
   * Sampling
   * Test  Equipment
     Controller characteristics
   *Proportioning
*Mass flow
*Exhaust emissions
 Automobiles
                    b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  t. COSATI I lcl(J/(.mup
   13B
   14B
   20D
   13F
   21B
11. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                    »9 Sf.CURITY CLASS (Tliis Hrpi'ril

                    UNC.LASSILMED_
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Tllilpafrf
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAfiDS

	12Q.	
22. PHICf
EPA Form 3110-1 (»-7J)
                                       38

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (I'lcasc read Instructions on ilif rev nc before completing)
\. REPORT NO.

  FPA-6QQ/2-76-170
                             2.
    PB-257090
                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION* NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  PARTICULATE SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR
  LARGE POWER PLANTS  INCLUDING NONUNIFORM FLOW
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                             June  1976
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  H.A. Hanson, R.J.  Davini,  J.K. Morgan, A.A.  Iversen
                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Fluidyne Engineering  Corporation
  5900 Olson Memorial Highway
  Minneapolis, Minnesota   55422
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                             1AA010
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                             68-02-1244
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  N.C.  27711  	
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final  - 6/73-12/75
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                              EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT        .    •
       This report  describes the results of  a  study to determine the effects that
  various geometric ducting configurations have on the flow profiles and the dis-
  tribution of particulate in ducting systems  of Jarge (>100 MW) power plants.
  The program included both laboratory model studies and field testing at large
  power plants.  The measurement of total volumetric flow and particulate emissions
  at less than full  operating capacity was also investigated.  The results of  flow
  angularity measurements in large stacks at typical sample port locations, includ-
  ing downstream of induced draft fans, are  similarly discussed.  Special attention
  was given to the  aerodynamic effects of S-tube/sampling probe interference on
  velocity measurements with an S-tube in EPA  Stack Emissions Measurement Reference
  Methods 2 and 5.

       A computerized technique was used to  determine the effectiveness of various
  equal area sampling strategies in providing  accurate measurements of three emis-
  sion parameters:   average particulate concentration, total volumetric flow rate,
  and total emissions.  Numerous typical and atypical velocity and particulate
  concentration profiles were studied.  Sampling strategy recommendations are
  presented.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                         c. COSATI Field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Electric power  plants
 *Ducts
 *Sampli ng
 *Profiles
 *Particles
 *Flow rate
Tests
Field tests
                 13B
                 10B
                 13K
                 14B
                 20D
                 14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                 UNCLASSIFllD'
•S (This Report)
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
>JO. O
 371
              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-T3)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL HEPCWT DATA
                           (ricate rcail liintrucnom OH the rcvenv Itcfure cotni'lrting)
1 MCPORT NO.
    1£A-600/2^76^1.71
                                  PB-258868
4. TITLE AMD SUBTITLE
                  F.VALUATION OF MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR
                             POWER  PLANT AND
                    SULFUR RECOVERY PLANT EMISSIONS
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                                                          5. MEf'OHT DATE
                                                             June 1976
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Malbone W. Greene
Robert L. Chapman
                                     R.  Neal  Harvey
                                     Glen  A.  Heyman
                                                          0. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
                                                              FR-2678-102
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Beckman  Instruments, Inc.
Advanced Technology Operations
 1630 S.  State College Blvd.
Anaheim,  CA  92806
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                              1AA010
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-1743
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research 5 Development
U.  S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            Final   6/74 -
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                               EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16.ABSTRACT  This project was conducted  to  evaluate a number of commercially available
extractive-type sampling and monitoring systems for monitoring sulfur dioxide  and
hydrogen  sulfide source emissions.  Evaluation testing was performed at a Fossil-
Fuel-Fired  Power Plant and at a Claus  Sulfur Recovery Plant to obtain representative
ranges  of stack gas temperature, water and  particulate loading, and concentrations
of S02  and  l^S.  Tests were performed  to  determine Error, Relative Accuracy, Two-
and Twenty-Four-Hour Zero and Calibration Drifts,  Response Time, and Operational
Period  in accordance with published EPA guidelines.  The performance in each test
was,judged  against the published EPA performance criteria (EPA-650/2-74-013).

The detailed  field test results, the complete Work Plan, sampling interface drawings,
the results of evaluations of Compliance  Test Methods 6 and 11, miscellaneous  obser-
vations and results, and a discussion  of  the calculation and reporting instructions
of the EPA  Guidelines are given in the appendices.  A detailed description of  the
systems evaluated, summaries of the field test results, and relevant comments  con-
cerning the results are given in the body of the report.

Because the sites chosen for evaluation testing provided wide ranges of sample temper-
ature, solids and, water loading, and S02  concentration, the results are considered
to be relevant to most stack-gas monitoring  problems.  Results at the Claus Plant
site were somewhat compromised bv pnuinraent  fn
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *Air  pollution
 *Flue gases
 *Gas  sampling
 *Sulfur dioxide
 'Hydrogen sulfide
 *Evaluation
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI I icId/Glullp
                                                                              13B
                                                                              21B
                                                                              14B
                                                                              07B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             IS. SECURITY CLASS fTMt Kepiv
                                               UNCLASSITJIjp	
                                             20.~StCURTTY CLASS~7//i7J puff I
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                             21. NO. OF 1-AGF.S

                                                             	202
                                                             22. PRICF.
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       40

-------
                                 ttUIIMIUAL Kbi'UH I l.'AIA
                          (I'lcasc read lintnnitoiti on llie rt\ i-rw f-cjor? conif:, in;r,
 •{PORT S,0
 EPA-600/2-76-191
                            2.
PB-257088
                        3. RECIPICNT'S ACCLSSION'NO.
 .-ITLE A.\O SUBTITLE
 '•'FRARED  ABSORPTION BY SULFUR-IC ACID VAPOR
                                                         5. REPORT OATE
                                                         _Juiy_l976_
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
r.UTMOfMS)
                                                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Darrell  E.  Burch. Francis J.  Gates, and Norman Potter
                           U-6200
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Aeronutronic Division
 Aeronutronic Ford Corporation
 Ford  Road
 Newport  Beach,  California   92663
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA010  "
                         \\. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           68-02-1774
'.SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office  of  Research and Development
 U.ST Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final:  8/75-1/76	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA-ORD
J.SUPPLEMCNTARY NOTES
..ABSTRACT
 A  sample  cell  has been designed and built to contain hot ^$04 vapor for  spectro-
 scopic  analysis.  The cell  is heated to between  190° and 250°C by an electric
 furnace designed specifically for use with the sample cell.  A small bulb connected
 to the  main compartment of  the sample cell contains  liquid H2S04.  The  partial
 pressure  of the H2S04 vapor is controlled by regulating the temperature of the
Jiquid  H2$04,  which is at  lower temperature than any other part of the  cell  that
    in contact  with the vapor.  Transmission curves  have been scanned for  a variety
 tff samples  over the 7.8 urn  -  12.8 urn region with spectral slitwidths between 0.5
 cm"' and  4  cnrl.  At v/avelengths of maximum absorption near 8.2 urn and  11.4  pm,
 the absorption coefficient  is approximately 0.0004  (ppm - meters)-!.
7. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
: DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Sulfuric acid
- *Sulfur trioxide
1 *Sulfur dioxide
j *Electromagnetic absorption
j *Infrared spectroscopy
• •1. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
ILEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPcN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS ///lit Keporl)
20. SC.CUHITV CLASS iTMspagt)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI licld/Gioup
13B
07B
20C
14B
21. NO. OF PAGtS
22. PRICE
 Form a»0-l <»-73J
                                     41

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/2-76-192
                             2.
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
PB-257132
.'.TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  FILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS  OF  GLASS FIBER
  eiLTOR MEDIA AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             July  1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Dale  A.  Lundgren and Thomas  C.  Gunderson
                        a. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Department of Environmental  Engineering Sciences
  University of Florida
  Gainesville,  Florida  32601
                        1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA010
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                          R803126-01
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Lahoratory
  Office of Research and  Development
  United States Environmental  Protection Agency
  Hr»«;pnrrh T-HnnulR P.irk.  North Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Final 7/74 - 7/75	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                           EPA - ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        Particle collection  characteristics of a newly  developed, high-purity "Micro-
  quartz" fiber filter media and a Gelman Type A glass fiber filter media were evalu-
  ated over a range of temperatures (20°C to 540°C), particle sizes (0.05 urn to  26  urn)
  gas  velocities (0.5 cm/sec to 51 cm/sec), and particle volatilities.  Both types  of
  high efficiency filters proved adequate (>99.9%  efficiency) for sampling nonvolatile
  particles over the above  variable ranges.  Nonvolatile particle penetration decrease
  with increasing temperature and increasing filter  loading.

        The effect elevated  temperature had on particle collection characteristics was
  not  a determining factor  in the application of high  efficiency filters.  The main
  problems encountered in the high temperature environment wcre:filter holder leakage
  and  volatilization of  gas-borne particles that passed through the filter media.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
   *Air pollution
   *Aerosols
   *Filtration
    Filter materials
   *Ccramic fibers
   *Tcmpcrature
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c. COSATI Held/Group
                                        13 B
                                        07 D
                                        13 K
                                        11 E
 15. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


   RELEASE TO'PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
  95
r
           20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
             UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 222O-1 (»-73)
  42

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            l'lrasc trail Instructions mi tlic rci'crsc before coin
1. RLFORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-76-211
                             2.
PB-265613
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                                              I
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 CONSTRUCTION OF A  PROTOTYPE SULFURIC  ACID MIST MONITOR
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             July 1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 Eaton, W. S.
 Strehler, D. L.
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Rockwell International
 Air Monitoring  Center
 2421A West Hillcrest Drive
 Newbury Park, CA   91320
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                          1AA010
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                          68-02-2220
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, MC  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Final- 6/75 to 1/76
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                          EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      A prototype sulfuric acid  mist monitor has been  constructed for the purpose
 of detecting  sulfuric acid-sulfur trioxide.  The monitor utilized the selective
 condensation  method with subsequent determination  of  sulfuric acid by measuring
 the conductivity of an aqueous  isopropanol solution.   The instrument is fully
 automated with a mass flow controller and standard TTL logic to allow for easy
 modification  of the timing circuit.  After collection of the Hj>S04-S03 in the
^temperature controlled spiral condenser, the sample is washed into a conductivity
-cell for measurement.  During conductivity measurement the condenser is rinsed
 with methanol and air dried  prior to the next sample  collection.  The instrument
 was designed  to measure from 1  to 100 mg/m3 H2S04  and present the measurement
 within a 10 mv range.  The sample timing cycle can be varied from 105 seconds to
 999 seconds.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
*Air  pollution
* Sulfuric acid
* Aerosols
* Sulfur trioxide
* Monitors
* Prototypes
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      o. COS AT I l-'icld/Ciroup
                                         13B
                                         07B
                                         07D
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

              UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
  56
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                      22. PRICE
EPA Form 22ZO-1 (J-73)
                                     43

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Pleat read Jmaruetioru on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-77-124
                             2.
PB-273394
                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 INSTRUMENTATION FOR MONITORING THE  OPACITY OF
 PARTICULATE EMISSIONS CONTAINING CONDENSED WATER
                          3. REPORT DATE

                            August 1977
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 Milos Tomaides
                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Interpoll,  Inc.
  1996 West County Road C
  St. Paul, Minnesota  55113
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                             1AA010  26AAM-27 (FY-75)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                             68-02-2225
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTF, NC
 Office of Research.and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC   27711	    _
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
                            Final 6/75  -  6/76	
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA/600/09
19. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
            On-stack instrumentation and methodology were  developed to monitor the
       opacity of particulate pollutants in stationary  source emissions containing
       condensed water.  .The instrument continuously extracts and measures the opacity
       of representative samples of particulate effluent.   It discriminates between
       pollutant particles 'and condensed water by increasing the temperature of the
       'sample and vaporizing the condensed moisture.  The  opacity of the remaining^
       particles is measured with any commercially available high precision optical
       transmissometer.

            The instrument was successfully field tested on (1)  the effluent from a
       furnace of an expended perlite manufacturing plant  and (2)  the effluent from
       a wet scrubber of a sludge incinerator.  For particulate emissions containing
       no condensed water, opacity results measured by  the new instrument compared
       favorably with results measured by a conventional across-stack transmissometer
       monitor.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c. COSATI Field/Group
       *Air pollution
       *Particles
       *Aerosols
       Water
       Chimneys
       *Opacity
       ^Optical measurement
                                         13B
                                         07D
                                         07B
                                         13M
                                         14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

       RELEASE TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
     46
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Perm 2220-1 (9-73)
                                        44

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             case read htnlniclionx on tltr reverse before c
1  ni POU I NO.
 EPA-600/2-77-130
TZT
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 PROTOTYPE CORRELATION  MASK FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR
 FOR MEASURING SULFUR DIOXIDE
                                5. REPORT DATE
                                6. PERFORMING ORGANISATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 Author Hornig
                                8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Baird-Atomic,  Inc.
 125 Middlexes  Turnpike
 Bedford, Massachusetts   01730
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                    1AA010  26AAP (FY-74)
                                11, CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-0275
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory-RTF,  NC
 Office of Research  and  Development
 Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
                                 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                    Final
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                     EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES  I
16. ABSTRACT
             A prototype flame photometric detector  system (FPD) to measure
        gaseous  sulfur compounds was fabricated  utilizing a previously developed
        correlation  mask optical system and a  new flame housing.   Also, a new
        burner for the FPD system was optimized  to view the excited molecular
        sulfur emission.  The sample/hydrogen  intake system was  also redesigned
        to operate under a positive pressure,  resulting in improved flame
        stability.   The prototype detector system was equipped with a cooled
        photomultiplier with special optics to enhance sensitivity.  Initial
        tests with the completed system indicated the capability of measuring
        sulfur dioxide at the part-per-billion level.   Because of subsequent
        problems, an absolute calibration of the system was not  carried out.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air pollution
  *Sulfur dioxide
  *Instruments
  *Flame photometry
  *0ptical  equipment
                                              h.lDENTIFIERS/OI'EN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        C. COSATI
                                                    13B
                                                    07B
                                                    14B
                                                    20F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                    ig.sr-cuniTY CLASS (ThisRcport)
                       UNCALSSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                    40
                    20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                       UNCLASSIFIED
              22. PRIC6
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     45

-------
                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (I'lcasr read /uxuiictions on the reverse before completing)
  f«ir>onT NO.
   600/4-75-002
                              2.
PB-014582
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
J. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE

  Low Cost Compact X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer for
  On-S.ite Measurement of Trace Elements in Airborne
               Emissions	
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          July 1975
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
T. AUTHOR(S)

  L. S.  Birks and J.  V.  Gilfrich
                        B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. "5RFOR.V1ING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  ;:uval  Research Laboratory
  Washington, D. C.   20375
                        1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                          1AA010  (26AAN-012)
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              EPA-IAG-D4-0344
12. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
                 Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and Development,  EPA
  Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Final - 2 yrs ending 6/75
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        A  low cost,  compact wavelength dispersion x-ray fluorescence analyzer
  has been designed using mostly state-of-the-art commercial components.   A
  prototype instrument has been built for less than  $5000 and tested  in the
  field.   With x-ray tube power of  80 watts (40 kV,  2 mA) the 100 second  3
-------
 PROGRAM   ELEMENTS
                                                          1 A 1 0 10
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY  :
    These research efforts have been designed to respond to the needs associated with
.he detailed description of the composition and level of air contaminants.  This level
if detail is necessary to elucidate parameters such as:  Chemical and physical inter-
ference, environmental constraints, and end-use requirements.  The outputs of these
"esearch activities are new and/or improved methodology and instrumentation technology
rtilch will be utilized for stationary source, mobile source and ambient air require-
ments that will support the development and maintenance of Agency air quality goals.
rhese outputs are requisite to the determination of atmospheric effects, atmospheric
ihemical and physical processes, and the development and evaluation of air quality
inflation modeling.	_____
                                       47

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
i /'.' a\c read /nunii-tiuns on llic reverse before complelinfl
1. REPORT NO. '2
EPA-600/2-75-024 PB-251577
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
VERSATILE GAS FILTER CORRECTION SPECTROMETER
1. AUTHOR(S)
D. E. Burch, F. J. Gates, D. A. Gryvnak, J. D. Pembrook
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Aeronutronic Ford Corporation
Aeronutronic Division
Ford Road
Newport Beach, Calif. 92663
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
U-6201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
P.E. 1A1010 (ROAP 26 ACV)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1227
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final: June '73 - June '75
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA - ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16, ABSTRACT

 A versatile infrared analyzer employing gas-filter correlation techniques has been
 designed and constructed to measure concentrations of pollutant gases from a variety
 of sources.  The spectral bandpass is determined by an adjustable grating assembly.
 By interchanging cell windows, radiant energy sources, gratings, interference
 filters, and detectors, nearly any desired spectral bandpass between 0.3 u.m and
 11 u.m can be obtained.  Spectral curves of transmittance can also be scanned.  A
 multiple-pass sample cell provides sample paths between approximately 4 m and 40 m.
 Shorter sample cells can also be employed.  An H^O monitor measures the concentra-
 tion of HoO in the multiple-pass sample cell and automatically accounts for inter-
 ference by H20 in the measurement of other gas concentrations.  Tests have been
 performed on the measurement of formaldehyde, vinyl chloride and ammonia.  The mini-
 mum detectable concentration of formaldehyde in automotive exhaust is approximately
 0.05 ppm.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Spectrometer Ammonia
* Exhaust gases
. Air pollution
Formaldehyde
Vinyl chloride
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to public
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Gas-filter correlation
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thit pagtl
Unclassified
o. COS ATI l-'icld/Group
14B
13B
2 IB
07C
07B
21. NO. OF PAGES
76
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
48

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PROGRAM    ELEMENTS
                                                        1 A A  6  0  3
                                                        1 A A  0  0  3
                                                        1 A A  0  0  8
                                                        1 A A  0  0  9

                                                        1  A  1 0 0 3

                                                        1  A  1 0 0 8
                                                        110302
OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY
                                                         Studies on the atmospheric
                                      —————— processed and effects have been
conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the sources and sinks, ki-
netics of formation and removal, and chemical/physical interactions of airborne gas-
sous and particulate matter.  This area of research covers; (1)  The development,
evaluation and validation of air quality simulation models for predicting and describ
Ing air quality impacts anticipated from various control abatement strategies.  (2)
Determination of atmospheric chemical and processes for describing the formation and
iecay of gaseous and particulate air pollutants.  (3)  Quantification of the atmos-
pheric effects of weather, visibility, climate, and materials due to air pollutants.
                                      49

-------
                                   I LCMIMIWVL. MCl'Utt I UMIM
                            (tlitHe ri'iitl lu^Uiii'linni on tin r,-\(/>,• hi d w ri
  •«t »\'rt I NO.
 ci'A-600/'i- 76-087
.  r!*.L- ANUSUIITIILt
PB-257514
  ENVIRONMENTAL AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS USING AN
    RDORNE  PARTICLE MORPHOKINETOMETER
                                                           3. RCCIPII NT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                           5. REPORT DATt
                          August 1976	
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
   -THORtSI

  W.M.  F.irmpr nnd .T.O. Hornkohl

 Will OISMIN\Von7iANTi^TION"NAMr"AND ADDRtSS~
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT No.
  Spcctron  Development Laboratories, Inc.
  P.O.  Box  861
  Tullahona,  TN  37388
                        1O. PROGRAM ELtMfcNT NO.
                           1AA603_	
                        TV. CONTnACT/GlXANTTfo;
                           UA-6-99-2294A
I.*. SfONSOllINC Al'.l NCY NAMI AND ADOMI SS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of  Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC   27711
                         13. TVPL 0» REPORT AND PE RIOO COVf:Rt D
                          _Final 11/75 - 2/76       	
                         14. SPONSOMING AGE NCY CODE"
                           EPA-ORD
I'j. Slll'ft I.Ml N1AUY NOTfcS
1C. ABSTHACT
       Measurements of ambient  aerosols using an  airborne particle  morphokineto-
  meter are  described.  The measurements were of  large particles  (greater than 5
  micrometers in diameter) in environmental aerosols around Phoenix,  Arizona, during
  November 1975.  Speed of the  sample space on  the airborne platform  and time resolved
  measurements of relative particle number density and particle size  distributions
  for horizontal and vertical flight profiles were obtained.  The results show that
   'ie large  aerosol particles were predominantly  50-75 micrometers  in size, that
   ~.e relative number density could vary greatly  in space and time, and that the
  Bargest concentration of particles were within  28 meters of ground  level.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air  Pollution
  *Aeroso]s
  *Particle size distribution
   Velocity measurement
  ^Interferometers
  *Lasers
                                              It.lOtNTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
             Phoenix, AZ
                                         CO5ATI l-'k-U/Crtmp
   13B
   07D
   14B
   20F
   20E
*':. Uir.lHIIIIIMON SI ATI Ml NT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. M CUHIT Y CLASS f//lit AV/u>r/;
             UNOASSIFIKD
           ya. s;i CUIHT v CLASS flint
             UNCLASS1F1KI)
?>. NO. Ol I'A
-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Imiructiuns on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/5-76-107
                               PB-269877
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  OXIDANT-PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS DURING POLLUTANT
  TRANSPORT CONDITIONS
  .All QytHnny ^mr>g fViflrahp-r
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            November 1976
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
  AUTHORlS)
    L. A.  Ripperton,  J.  E. Sickles, II, and W.  C.  Eaton
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
    Research Triangle Institute
    Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27709
                                                         11.
                                                            68-02-1296
 2.SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
    Office  of Research and Development
    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                          Final 5/74 - 11/75	
                                                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                            EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
     The  formation of ozone under simulated conditions of pollutant  transport was
  studied in  a group of four 27-cubic-meter outdoor smog chambers.   The  chambers were
  constructed of 5 mil FEP Teflon on aluminum frames.  The initial charges  in the smog
  chambers were irradiated for three days  by natural sunlight.  Simulation  of transport
  was accomplished by progressively diluting the contents of the  chambers with clean ai
     The  analogy between the chemical behavior of chamber simulations  and nonurban
  high-ozone  (i.e., 0.08 ppm) systems in the field was good.  On  the second and third
  days, the initial charges in the chambers generated ozone concentrations  greater
  than-the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for photochemical oxidant  (0.08 ppm).
     The  initial charge of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 ppmC;
  nitrogen oxides (NO ) ranged from 0.100  to 1.000 ppm.  Therefore,  initial ratios of
  NMHO/NO varied from" 7 to 20.  On the second and third days in  the chambers, concen-
  trations of NO  ranged from 0.001 to  O.OS3 ppm; NMHC ranged from 0.33  to  3.78 ppmC.
  The resulting ^MHC/NO  ratios varied  from 16 to 610.
     This report was submitted in fulfillment of EPA contract 68-02-1296 (43U-994, RTI
  Contract Number) by the Research Triangle Institute under the sponsorship of the
  Environmental Protection Agency.     . '  .
 IT.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  c. COSATI Field/Group
    Air  pollution
    Ozone
    Nitrogen oxides
    Aliphetic hydrocarbons
    Test chambers
    Solar  radiation
    Photochemical reactions
                       Chemical analysis
13B
07B
07C
14B
03B
07E
07D
 (.DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19.
                                                                       21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                             223
                                             2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
.»A Form 2«
-------
r
       TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(fkatc read luaniciioiis an the reverse hi-fore completing)
                              2.
                                   PB-262432
          SUBTITLE
    AIMOSPIIIiRIC FREONS AND I1ALOGENATED COMPOUNDS
    Alan Applcby
    MI v>;VNSOHi\r AGLNCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    l.nvironmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
    Office of Research  and  Development
    U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                               5. REPORT DATE
                                  November 1976
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                  1AA603  (1AA008)
                                11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                  R-800833
                                13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Final Report	
                                14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA-ORD
 IS
               NOTES
 16 ABSTRACT
         Ambient levels  of atmospheric Freons,  halogenated hydrocarbons,  and SF- were
    measured at various  locations in the U.S.A.   Compounds such as CCl^F,  CC12F2>
  • C1L-CC1-, and CC1. were ubiquitious and generally measured at sub  ppb levels.
      O    O         *t
    Tropospherically reactive compounds such  as  C-Cl. and CHCICCI- were  frequently
  __ measured; other compounds were measured where a reasonable source  was known.  A
    novel pulsed flow coulometry gas chromatographic analysis along with  other requisitt
    analytical and calibration procedures were  developed and used.  Laboratory
    irradiation simulations established the tropospheric stability of  CC1-F, CC12F2,
    CILCCU, CC1,, CC1.FCC1F-, the reactivity of the chlorinated ethylenes,  and the
      J   •)     *4     £      £
    stratospheric reactivity of CC1-F, CC14,  and CC12F2.  Adventitious labelling of
    air masses with halogenated compounds was used to demonstrate urban  ozone transport
    to rural areas.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
       Air pollution
       Halohydrocarbons
       Atmospheric  composition
       Chemical analysis
                  b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  COSATI Field/Group
                                                 13B
                                                 07C
                                                 04A
                                                 07D
    • ••'•HutiON STATEMENT
    KUI.LASE TO PUBLIC
                  19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                      UNCLASSIFIED	
21. NO. OF PAGES
    357
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (ThispageJ
                                                - UNCLASSIFIED
                                             22. PRICE
                                        52

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                                          on llic rcrcnc bcjorc r
  •• | >'iMI T NO.
                       !
                             2.
                                  PB-264205
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
f.llt AMD SUBTITLE
THE TRANSPORT OF OXIDANT  BEYOND URBAN ARKAS
Compilation of Data  for the  New England. Study, 1975 .
                                                           .. RCPOMT OATF     •    j
                                                             November  H'76
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOC
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
   Chester W. Spicerf  Darrell W. Joseph, and
   Gerald F. Ward
           ORGANIZATION NAMC AND AtJORESS
   Uattelle, Columbus  Laboratories
   505  King Avenue
   Columbus, Ohio    43201
 IJ. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                        10. PHOOIIAM ELI-MI. N 1 NO.
                                                           1AAG03 (1AAOOH)
                                                        11. CONTMACT/CillANT NO.
                                                           60-02-2241
                                                        13. TYPf OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                           Final
                                                                          CODE
                                                           EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
       A study of oxidant transport was  conducted in New England  over a 6-week
   period,  from July 15 to August 22,  1975.   A well equipped mobile  laboratory was
   set  up at  a rural Connecticut airport,  and a long-range, twin-engine airplane
   was  outfitted for wide area and vertical  aerial sampling.  The  mobile laboratory
   was  equipped to continuously monitor O ,  NO, NO , NO  , CII., Cll,  C H ,  C II ,
 _non-methane hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon  11  (F-ll), CCl  , CO, temperature,  solar
   intensity, relative humidity, wind  speed, wind direction,  and barometric
   pressure.   The airplane was outfitted  to  continuously monitor ozone,  nitric
   oxide, and temperature and to collect  air samples in  Tedlar bags.   The bag
   samples  were analyzed for Fluorocarbon 11 (F-ll), CH  , NMHC,  CO,
                                                                          C2M4'
   C  H  ,  and CCl..  Forty-four monitoring flights were conducted  during the
   field  study; each flight averaged  approximately 3 hours  and  cover between
   400-500 miles.  Flights were also  made to Ohio, Canada,  and  250 miles out
   over the ocean.  The experimental  methods used during  the  study are described
   and  the compiled-data are presented.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

                                           IMDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
*  Air pollution
*  Ozone
*  Transport properties
  Chemical analysis
   Field tests
   Airplanes
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                   53
                                                 New England
                                            19. SI CUIll I Y CLASS
                                             UNCLASSIFIED
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        C.  COSATt 1
                                                                        1313
                                                                        07 B
                                                                        07 D
                                                                        14 B
                                                                        01C
                                                                      21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                        39»

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                                  TECHNICAL I1EPORT DATA
                           (I'lcasc read luttnictiont on iltc reverse before completing)
1. RtPORT NO.
   	UP A-60 O/1-76 dUQ
L._.J	PB_-_2_e
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
262202
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 MIDWEST INTERSTATE SULFUR TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSPORT
 PROJECT: . Aerial  Measurements of Urban and Power  Plant
 Plumes, Summer  1974
                                   5. REPORT DATE
                                     November  1976
                                   6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 W.H. White,  J.A.  Anderson, W.R. Knuth, D.fc.
 J.C. Hsiung,  and  R.B. Husar.
                       Blumenthal,
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Meteorology  Research, Inc.
 464 West  Woodbury Road
 Box 637
 Altadena, CA  91001
                                   10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                1AA603
                                   11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                      68-02-1919
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office  of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                    13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                      FINAL     7/74-6/76
                                   14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                      EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  A  portion of the research activities  of the Midwest Interstate Sulfur  Transformation
  and Transport Project (Project MISTT)  during the summer of 1974  is   documented.
  Using a light plane equipped with  instruments for measuring air  pollutants and
  meteorological parameters, investigators mapped the three-dimensional  distribution
  of aerosols and pollutant gases originating in the St. Louis  area.   Each day's
  flight plan was designed to characterize a large pollutant plume at  discrete
  distances downwind from its source.   The plume from the coal-fired power plant at
  Labadie, Missouri was followed out to 45 km.  Secondary aerosol  production within
  tha plume was documented.  The estimated average conversion rate for sulfur dioxide
 • to sulfate was about three percent/hour at the distances sampled.  The overall
  removal rate of S02 was too small  to  detect, and no net production of  ozone was
  observed.  Large pollutant plumes  were also identified downwind  of central St. Louis
  and the Wood River refineries.  These urban-industrial plumes were followed out to
  60-70 km, where they were characterized by elevated concentrations of  ozone and
  light-scattering aerosols.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air pollution
  *Sulfur dioxide
  *Sulfate
  *Aerosols
   Ozone
  *Electric power plants
 *Plumes
 *Chemical Reactions
  Transport properties
                      b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                   c. COSATl I icId/Gtoup
                                        13B
                                        07B
                                        07D
                                        10B
                                        21B
                                        07D
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                 21. NO r>= PAGES
                                                     136
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
   fnm
                                            54

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/3-77-001a PB-
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT
POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL
Proceedings: Volume I
7. AUTHOR(S)
Basil Dimitriades, Editor
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
January 2977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERT C:
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
This Conference was sponsored by the US-Environmental Protection Agency
with the patronage of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
16. ABSTRACT

       The proceedings consist of 97 technical papers covering such areas  as
  analytical methods for photochemical oxidants and precursors; causes of  urban,
  suburban, and non-urban oxidant; biological effects; oxidant control strategies!
  and trends in emissions and emission control technology.   The International
  Conference was held in Raleigh, N.C. in September 1976.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
* Ozone
* Photochemical reactions
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07B
07E
21. NO. OF PAGES
592
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                   55

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read luarictiinis tin tin- rcvcnc before completing)
i. RtPonr NO.
                              2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                   PB-264233
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT
  POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL
  Proceedings:   Volume II        _
             5. REPORT DATE
               January 1977
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
  Basil Dimitriades, Editor
                                                           8, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, N.C.  27711
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

               1AA603
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27711
             13. TVPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                In-house	.
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  This -Conference was sponsored by the US-Environmental Protection Agency
  with the patronage of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and  Development,
16. ABSTRACT

       The proceedings consist  of 97 technical papers covering such  areas as
  analytical  methods for photochemical oxidants  and precursors; causes of urban,
  suburban, and non-urban oxidant; biological effects; oxidant control strategies;
  and trends  in emissions and emission control technology.  The International
  Conference  was held in Raleigh, N.C. in September 1976.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS

  *Air pollution
  *Ozone
  *Photochemical reactions
I>.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI lield/GfOUp
                             13B
                             07B
                             07 E
». DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


 RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS fllii* Rrportl
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
                                  620
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
                                       56

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read tnuniciioiis on i/tc rc:cnc before complttinf}
 1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-77-011
                              2.
PB-263348
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
   ITLE A.\iOSU3TITLE
  MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL
   SMOG
                        5.. REPORT DATE
                         January 1977
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHORS)
  G. Z. Whitten  and H.  H. Hugo
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORG ^NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Systems Applications,  Inc.
  950 Northgate  Drive
  San Rafael,  California  94903
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                        •1AA603 (1AA008)
                        1». CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                         Contract No.  68-02-0580
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, NC  27711
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                         EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
       This  report deals with the continuing effort to develop a chemical  kinetic
  •mechanism  to describe the formation  of photochemical smog.  Using the  technique
  of computer modeling to simulate-smog  chamber data, several explicit kinetic
  mechanisms for specific hydrocarbons were analyzed and a generalized kinetic
   icchanisn  was proposed for use in  dynamic urban airshed models.  Computer sim-
  ulations of propylene/NO" , butane/NO , 1-butene/NO^, and propylene/butane/NOx
  systems were performed to simulate tne smog chamber data collected by  the
  University of California, Riverside.  The general kinetic mechanism, which is
  based  on the carbon bonding found  in the hydrocarbon system, 'is-described.
  Simulations using this new carbon-bond mechanism were also compared with the
  smog chamber data on the propylene/NO  , butane/NO , -propylene/butane/NQ^, and
  toluene/NO  systems.  The usefulness and validity of .the computer mod-el ing is
  also disculsed relative to the current understanding of the -smog-fornation
  process.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND OOCUME\T ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
          b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         C.  COS ATI Field'Group
      Air pollution
      Reaction kinetics
      Photochemical reactions
      Test chambers
      Mathematical models
      Computerized simulation
                                        13B
                                        07D
                                        07E
                                        14B
                                        12A
                                        09B
  " 'STRI5UT.ON STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS flMs Rrportf
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGE1
   306
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS tTliu page)

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                      22. PRICE
CPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       57

-------
                                   TECHNICAL rilPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
   REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-77-014a
2.
      PB-265592
 4, TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
  MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS  IN URBAN AIR
  Volume  I.  Chemistry Studies
                             3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                             5. REPORT DATE
                               February 1977
                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
  James N.  Pitts, Jr.
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  University of California
  Statewide Air Pollution Research Center
  Riverside, California  92S02
                             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                1AA603	
                             11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO.
                                                            Grant No300649-13,14,15
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                             Final  Report   12/1/71-12/1/7'4
                             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
    kBSTI
           Results are presented of  a research program concerned with  selected aspects
of  the  kinetics, mechanisms and products  of reactions involved in photochemical air
pollution.
      Rate constants were determined,  using competitive and modulation-phase shift
techniques,  for the gas phase reaction  of 0( P)  atoms with a variety of organic
and inorganic species over the temperature range 296-423 K.  Products for the gas
_phase reaction of 0( P) atoms with  toluene and 1-methylcyclohexene were  also studied.
     -The products and mechanisms of the reaction of nitric oxide with methyl peroxy
radicals were investigated at 296 K using long path infrared spectroscopic and gas
chromatographic techniques.
      The reactions of peroxyacetyl  nitrate were investigated in the gas  phase with
selected constituents of polluted atmospheres, and in the liquid phase with a variety
of  organics.  Chemiluminescence from the  reaction of peroxyacetyl nitrate with a
series  of amines was studied in the liquid phase.  The mechanism and  products of the
gas phase reactions of ozone with a variety of organics was investigated in low
pressure flow systems using chemiluminescent and photoionization mass spectrometric
techniques.
      The NO^-catalyzed geometric isomerization of 2-butenes and 2-pentenes was studied
over the temperature range 298-400  K while an investigation of the N0v-propylene
     f»r»vi >in^iffn nyctgni was cirriod
  phot<
        it at
-towp
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  Air pollution
  Photochemical reactions
  Reaction kinetics
  Hydrocarbons
  Ozone
  Nitrogen oxides
                b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS |c. COSATI Held/Croup
                                             13B
                                             07E
                                             07D
                                             07C
                                             07B
 8. DISTRIBUTION, STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                        siFii-n
                        21. NO. OF PAGES

                             184
                                                            .(Thltpage)
                                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2JJO-1 Ct-73)
                                      58

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read instructions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO
  EPA-600/3-77-014b
                             2.
PB-265593
4. TITLE ANOSUBTITLE
    MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS  IN  URBAN AIR
    Volume  II.   Chamber Studies
                                                           RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOP+NO.
                          REPORT DATE
                          February 1977
                         PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
    James N. Pitts, Jr.
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    University of California
    Statewide Air Pollution Research Center
    Riverside, California   92502
                        10. PROPfAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA603
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                       Grant No.800649-13,14,15
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
    Office of Research  and  Development
    U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVT.RED
                        Final  Report   12/1/71-12/1/74
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          OPA, ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
         The smog  chamber facility of the Statewide Air  Pollution Research Center has
    been employed  in  a study designed to provide experimental  data required for the
    validation of  kinetic computer models of chemical  transformations in polluted
    atmospheres.   A 5800-fc, Teflon-coated, evacuable chamber and 25-KW xenon arc
    solar simulator were used for irradiations, under  simulated atmospheric con-
    ditions, of hydrocarbon-NO  systems.  Detailed time-concentration profiles were
    obtained for a wide range of products as well as the reactants employed.  Relative
    and absolute concentrations of the hydrocarbon-NOx systems were chosen on a
    factorial design  basis.
         This report  presents results obtained  in the  first eighteen months of the
    program  (July, 1973 through November, 1974).  Preliminary chamber and  light
    source characterization studies were carried out and included determination of
    ozone lifetimes,  absolute light intensity,  spatial homogeneity of light within
    the chamber, mixing and equilibration times, and sampling rates.  Some preliminary
    efforts  to  characterize surface effects were also  made.  The photochemistry
    program  included  investigation of the propylene-NO  and n-butane-NO  photo-
    oxidation  systems and also a  study  of the  effects  on these systems of  variables
    such  as  added  aldehydes, temperature, and  initial  N0/N02 ratio.  Data  from this  ex
                program are presented, and their uses  and limitations discussed.	
 17.
                                KEY WORCS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  c.  COSATI Field/Group
  *  Air  pollution
  *  Smog
  * Test chambers
  *  Photochemical reactions
  * Models
  *  Computerized simulation
                                           13B
                                           04B
                                           14B
                                           07E
 18. DISI HldUTION STATEMENT
     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
    255
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                      59

-------
TECHNICAL 2SPORT DATA
(Please read fnntruciions ->n ILC reverse before completing)
; DEPORT (MO. 2.
EPA-6GO/3-77-017 PB-265370
4. Ti iLt AMD SUBTITLE
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON 1975 NORTHEAST OXIDANT
TRANSPORT STUDY
7. AUTHOR(S)
Joseph J. Bufalini and William A. Lonneman (editors)
9. PERFORMING ORG MMIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Science Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
'.J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Science Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION" NO.
5. RF-'ORT DATE
February 1977- •
6. V EHFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTHACT/GRANTTgb. ""^
i
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERfccTI
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODt I
EPA/ 600/09
i
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
{
I
16. ABSTRACT
The preliminary results of the 1975 Northeast Oxidant Transport1 Study were presented
by the participants of the study at a symposium held at the Environmental Research
Center in Research Triangle Park, NC, on January 20-21, 1976. The participants
 included the Environmental  Protection Agency's Environmental Sciences Research
 Laboratory, EPA Region I, EPA Las Vegas, Battelle Columbus, Washington State Univer-
 sity, Interstate Sanitation Commission, New York State Department of Environmental
 Conservation, and the University of North Carolina.  Discussed were preliminary re-
 "sults of ozone measurements collected during a study conducted to investigate trans-
 port phenomena in the  Northeastern  United States.  The study was undertaken to in-
 vestigate the extent and importance of transport ir. this densely populated area.
 The ultimate purpose of the study was to provide the necessary information needed  to
 determine the suitability of present control strategy.

17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
*Air Pollution
*0zone
*Atmospheric circulation
*Field Studies
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE UNLIMITED
b.lDENTIFiEHS/CPEN EiMOED TERMS
Northeastern U.S.
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (ThitpagJ)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI l-iclil/Cruuji
13B
07B
04B
14B
21. NO. OH PAGbS
1 45
22. PRICE I
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     60

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing
 REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/3-77-025
                             2.
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIONING.
PB-272891
 . Tl rue AND SUBTITLE
 APPLICATION OF  FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY TO AIR
 POLLUTION PROBLEMS  '
 Interim Report  - 1976
                         5. REPORT DATE
                            August 1977
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
 J. G. Calvert,  W.  H.  Chan, E. Niple, R.J. Nordstrom,
 J.H. Shaw, W.R.  Skinner, and W.M. Uselman
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 The Ohio State  University Research Foundation
 1314 Kinnear Road
 Columbus, Ohio   43212
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                            1AA605
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                            R803868-1
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
 Office of Research S Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park. North Carolina  27711	
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                            Interim    	
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                            EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
     See companion reports EPA-600/3-77-026, Computer-Generated  Long-Path Air Spectra,
     and EPA-600/3-77-040,  Comparison of Observed and Computed  Air Spectra Between
18. ABSTRACT   IU\J 311J  2300 UJff
      Spectra  of  air samples at ground  level of approximately 10m, 100m, and 1km, and
 solar spectra obtained for solar zenith distances  between 40  and 87 have been ob-
 tained.   Examples  of these spectra in  the  region from 1100 to 1200 cm   are pre-
 .sented together  with spectra calculated from  the atmospheric line parameter listing
 prepared  by the  Air Force Geophysical  Laboratories.   From the absorption features
 of fluorocarbon-12 near 1160 cm  in solar  spectra, a mean tropospheric abundance
 o£ 0.34 ppb has  been estimated.
      A photochemical cell capable of approximating the solar noon irradiance at
 ground level  between 300 and 400nm and in  which path lengths in excess of 200m
 can be obtained  is described.  This cell has  been  used to study the photolysis of
 HNO_ and  a.rate  constant of 0.070 min" has been measured.
      Spectra  of  more than 20 gases of  importance to air pollution problems, obtained
 under controlled conditions covering the region from 700 to 1500 cm  , are presented.
      Progress in the construction of a cell,  coolable to -60 C, and capable of
 being irradiated at wavelengths down to 170nm, is  described.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
    Air  Pollution
    Infrared spectroscopy
    Optical  equipment
    Solar  spectrum
    Reaction kinetics
    Photochemical reactions
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
              Fourier transform
              spectrometer
                                       c.  cos AT i Field/Group
13B
                                           20F
                                           05B
                                           07D
                                           07E
13. oi:,rmHuriON STATEMENT
  RELIASE  TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS , Thin Report)
               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF I'AGfcS
  113
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       61

-------
TECHNICAL m OUT DATA

i.

.1.



7.


9.



12


•
(l'lra\r trail linlrin liona tm il.
MH'OIII NO |2.
l:.PA-600/3-77-()2f> | PB-268992
TITLE AND SUOTITLE
inn. ie brfitrc clfiini:l



APPLICATION or I:OUIUI;R TRANSFORM SPUCTROSCOPY TO
AIR POLLUTION PROBLliMS Interim Report -
Computer-Generated Long-Path Air Spectra
AUTHOHISI
1976


R.J. Nordstrom, J. H. Shaw, W. R. Skinner, J. G.
Culvert, W. II. Chan, and W. M. Usclman
PEnrORMINC, ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS


The Ohio State University Research Foundation
1314 Kinncar Road
Columbus, Ohio 43212


. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTF, NC
Office of Research G Development
U.S. linvironmontal Protection Agency


Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
^. RECIPIENT'S ACCCSSIOf+NO.

5. REPORT OATH
March 1977



6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE


8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.




10. PROGRAM 1 I.IMENT NO.
1AA603
TTTCON'f M ACf/GH A
R803868-1

(
NT NO.

13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

I:.PA/M)0/0(J


IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16
. ABSTRACT
An atlas of computer-generated infrared transmission spectra of the atmosphere
for low humidity (29 percent relative humidity) and high humidity (65 percent
relative humidity) ,air samples is presented. These spectra extend
from 700
cm , to 3000 cm , and were computed with a resolution of approximately 0.25


17
.1.
cm . The simulated path length is 3 km
and 290 K.
through an environment at


1013 mbar

KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DtSCHIPTOHS
* Ai r pol lut ion
* Infrared spectra
* Humidity
* Computerized simulation
IS

. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RLLHASL TO PUBLIC

It.lDENTIFIERS/OI'LN ENDED TERMS

10. SECURITY CLASS (TM» Ueporl)
UNCLASSIFIED
aa6MX5SfMB/7Wlw'
c. COSATI 1 •icId/Griiup
131)
20I:
04 B
14B
2». NO. OF PAGES
150
22. PRICE
CDA CMPPM
                                                       .62

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
t. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/3-77-027
                             2.
PB-266137
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF SULFUR DIOXIDE
 -DEPOSITION VELOCITIES
                        5. REPORT DATE
                            March 1977
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 H.S. Judeikis  and T.B. Stewart
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION.NAME AND ADDRESS
 The Aerospace  Corporation
 P.O. Box  92957
 Los Angeles, California  90245
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                              1AA603 (1AA008)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                              Grant No. R802687
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
  Office  of  Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Interim  11/73-11/76
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 I». ABSTRACT
       Measurements of sulfur dioxide deposition velocities have been  carried out in
  the laboratory with the  use of a cylindrical  flow reaction.  Analysis  of data from
  these experiments was  performed with models  that specifically account  for diffusive
  transport in the system.   Consequently,  the  resulting deposition velocities were
  independent of diffusion processes and represented the maximum removal rates that
  would be encountered  in  the environment  under turbulent atmospheric  conditions.
  The measured values ranged from 0.04 cm/sec  for asphalt to 2.5 cm/sec  for cement,
 -and were independent  of  sulfur dioxide and oxygen concentrations as  well as relative
  humitlity and total pressure.   Prolonged  exposure to sulfur dioxide eventually
  destroyed the ability  of  the  various solids  to remove this species.  -Overall
  capacities increased significantly at moderate relative humidities,  yielding values
  of 0.4 to 2.8 grams of sulfur dioxide per square meter of solid in moist systems.
  Several experiments indicated that the reactivity of a solid subjected to prolonged
  sulfur dioxide exposures  could be restored by washing the surface with distilled
  water or exposing the  spent solid to ammonia.  Some implications of  these findings
  relative to the environment are discussed.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
            b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
   *Alr pollution
   *Sulfur dioxide
   •Deposition
   'Velocity measurement
   *Tests
                                         13B
                                         07B
                                         14B
 ft SiiTniauriO". STATEMENT
 I b

 ,  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SF.CURITY CLASS ITIiis Report)
               UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
        27
            20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
               UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
           H-73)
                                        63

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (riease read Instructions <>H the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/3-77-028
                             2.
PB-266127
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS 01- NITROGEN OXIDES IN
 -SIMULATE!) ATMOSPHERES
                         5. REPORT DATE
                           March 1977
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
1. AUTHOR(S)
  U.S.  Judeikis, S.  Siegel, T.B. Stewart and
  H.R.  Hcdgpcth	
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                           ATR-75(7441)-2
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  The Aerospace Corporation
  P.O. Box 92957
  Los Angeles, California  90245
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA603  (1AA008)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              Grant No.  802687
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 -Office of Research and Development
 .U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Interim   11/73-11/76	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 IS. ABSTRACT

       A laboratory study has been  conducted on heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen
  dioxide and nitric oxide to evaluate their potential role in  reaction in polluted
  urban atmosphere.  The results  of this study suggest that nitrogen dioxide
  decomposes on  a wide variety of solids likely to be found in  urban environments.
  Measured reaction rates indicate  these processes can be important  in the atmosphere,
  Humidification of reaction mixtures leads to increased reactivities.  It is
  concluded that heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere are  unimportant for the
  oxidation of nitric oxide.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
   *Alr  pollution
   *Nitrogcn  oxides
    Aerosols
   *Environmental simulation
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                         COSATI ridel/Group
                                         13B
                                         07B
                                         07D
                                         14B
  I DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
            I
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Rrpon)
               UNCLASSIFIED	
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                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
 C»APorm 2220-1 U-73)
                                       64

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                                  TECHNICAL R VORT DATA
                           (I'lt-asc rcatl l/iUniclions on lit, reverse before comi'lcling)
1. REPORT NO,
  EPA-60073-77-041
                             2.
                                 PB-269828
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 THE TRANSPORT OF  OXIDANT BEYOND URBAN ARP.AS
 Data Analyses anH Predictive Models for the Southern
                     1975    - -
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            May  1977
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Chester W. Spicer
    Sticksel
                     James L. Gemma,  and  Philip R.
 |. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
 Battelle - Columbus  Laboratories
 Columbus, Ohio   43201
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                                1AA603 AJ-04  (FY-77)
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                                68-02-2241
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTF, NC
 .Office of Research  and Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle  Park, NC  27711	
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                                Final
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                                LPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  For additional  information, see technical  report EPA-600/3-76-109
16. ABSTRACT

       The objective of this -study has been to use data collected  during the 1975
 Northeast Oxidant Study to determine the cause of high ozone  concentrations in the
 Connecticut River Valley  and to develop a method for predicting  ozone levels that
 can  be expected in southern  New England under various meteorological  conditions.
       During the summer months,  the prevailing southwesterly winds  place the
 valley directly downwind  of  the New York/New Jersey/southwestern Connecticut
 ufban con.plex (and on some days the Philadelphia and Washington/Baltimore areas).
 The  ozone formed from the urban emissions (i.e., the urban plume)  was observed
 on"many case study days to move into Connecticut from the southwest in early
 afternoon, cross the Connecticut River Valley, and continue into Massachusetts
 during the evening.  -In one  case an 0 -rich air mass was tracked as far north
 as the coast of Maine.  The  dimensions of the urban plumes on several days were
 found to vary from 30-80  miles  in width and 100-175 miles in  length,  seemingly
 depending on wind speed.
       Several methods of predicting ozone in southern New England were investigated
 including regression integrals, simple regression and multiple regressions.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
     Air pollution
     Ozone
     Meteorological data
     Transport properties
     Mathematical models
     Predictions
                                              1).IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                New  England
                                                                          COS AT I Meld/Group
  13B
  07B
  04B
  12A
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
21. NO. OF PAGES
  113
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                MNri.ftSSTFTF.n	
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9:73)
                                         65

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                                  TECHNICAL I I PORT DATA
                           I'li-air read luui actions on f •.• irrenc before cn
 REPORT no.
     KI'A-600/3-77-043
                             2.
       PB-269005
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 EFFICIENCY OF  GAS-WALL REACTIONS IN A CYLINDRICAL
 FLOW REACTOR
                               j. REPOI1T DATE
                                   May  1977
                               6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

 U.S. Juclcikis and  Seymour Siege1
                               8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                  ATR-73 (7256)-2
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 The Aerospace Corporation
 El Scguitdo, California  90245
                               10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                  1-AAftOl   All-0'i (FY-77)
                               11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                  802687
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  - RTP, NC
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 •Research Tri;m«lo  Park, NC  2771L           	
                               13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                _l_n I er iin f>_/ 7J -!_/ n 	
                               14. SPONSORJNG AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  This  report  complements EPA-650/3-74-007,  Grant No. 801340.
 6. ABSTRACT
     Expressions  are given for the concentration of a dilute reactive  gas  mixed with an
inert carrier  gas as a function of the  radial  and longitudinal distances  in  a cylin-
drical reactor and the reaction efficiency.  The reaction efficiency is defined as
the fraction of gas-wall collisions that  leads to the disappearance of the reactive
gas from the gas  phase.   The solutions  presented here are applicable for  all values
;if reaction efficiencies and extend earlier  work by oilier investigators that was
applicable only for values of I or near zero.   F.n addition to the solution of Pick's
sffcond law of  diffusion as applied here (witli  an additional term for flow in the
cylinder), a one-dimensional random walk  analysis is also applied to this  problem.  Tin
combination of diffusion equation solutions  and the random walk analysis  leads to the
conclusion that,  for a given set of experimental conditions, the reaction  efficiency
can be uniquely determined only if it lies within a curtain range of values.  Small
values of the  reaction efficiency will  produce insufficient reaction and  large value's
wi11 yield diffusion-limited results.  The sensitive range for the reaction efficiency
can be-changed by appropriate adjustment  of  various experimental parameters.  However,
adjustment of  the total pressure gives  the greatest effect and is generally  one of the
easiest parameters to vary in an experiment.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  >vAi r pol 1 tit ion
  '''Chemical reations
  '•Cases
  *Wa11s
  *Chrmical  reactors
  ""•Diffusion
"''Pressure
*Random walk
                                             MDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                               COSATI Held/Group
  13U
  070
  13M
  07A
  12D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                  19. StCURITV CLASS (I his He port}
                     11 NC LAS Sllrl I'D
21. NO. Of PAGES
   23
                  20. SECURITY CLASS (Tltil page)
                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                             22. PRICE
                                      ,66

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instruction* on tlic reverse before completing)
 WW/3-77-044
                             2.
                                   PB-268895
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE

 FORMATION OF  PHOTOCHEMICAL AEROSOLS
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            May 1977
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOH(S)
 Edgar R. Stephens and Monty A. Price
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Statewide Air Pollution Research Center
 University  of California
 Riverside,  California   92502
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP,  NC
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                             1AA603 AJ-01  (FY-76)
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                             Grant No. 800868
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVECtfcD
                                                          	Final    	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                                EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      The  objective was to develop a better  understanding of smog aerosol  formation
 with particular reference to haze in  the  Southern California area.  This  study
 combined  laboratory work with ambient air studies.  Counting of particles by  light
 scattering  was the principle physical technique while infrared analyses was the
 major source  of chemical information.  A  new reflectance spectroscopy technique
 was also  developed.
      Infrared spectra of ambient aerosols have bands assigned to sulfate, nitrate,
 ammonium, and water which are completely  removed by water washing of the  sample
 but not by  benzene.  Synthetic aerosols generated by mixing ammonia with  sulfuric
 and nitric  acids produce similar spectra.
      Many ambient aerosol  particles  are  hygroscopic or deliquescent so that  they
 swell as  the  relative humidity increases  and shrink as it decreases.  This readily
 explains  the  heavy haze seen at high  humidity days.
      A variety of reaction products  (SO ~,  NO,, organics) can potentially fulfill
 the requirement of water solubility and hygroscopicity to contribute to haze  and loss
 of visibility.  It is concluded that  direct control of aerosol emissions  will not
 markedly  improve visibility in Southern California.
17.
i.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
    Air pollution          *
    Aerosols
    Smog
    Photochemical  reactions
    Tests
    Infrared spectroscopy
                              Humidity
                              Field tests
b.lDENTIFIEHS/OPf.N CNDED TERMS

 Southern California
                                                                          COSATI Hdd/Croilp
13B
07D
04 B
07E
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                           21. NO. OF PAGES
                            77
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thii page)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     -67

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                                   TECHNICAL REP'JRT DATA
                            Ilivse read lutlruclions on lite rt; me before cnm/th-iing)
 i. ntponr NO.
   EPA-GOO/3-77-048
                              2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
          PB-269349
  TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  •FFECT OF SELCCTED PARAMETERS  ON PREDICTIONS OF A
  PHOTOCHEMICAL MODEL
                                   5. REPORT DATE
                                       June 1977
                                   6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AOTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Marcia C.  Dodge
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and  Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  NC   27711
                                    10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NC
                                      1AA603   (AC-18)
                                    11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPQNSORING AGENCY AIAME AND ADDRESS    ,          „,„
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
  Office of Research and  Development
  U,S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
                                    13, TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                        LdiQLUSJL
                                    14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                      EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
       A sensitivity  study was undertaken to assess  the effect of selected  parameters
  on the predictions  of  a photochemical kinetics  model.  The model was previously
  developed for use in designing control requirements for ozone reduction in  urban
  areas.  The parameters varied in the present  study included (1) solar energy,' (2)
  dilution rate,  (3)  post 9-A.M. emissions, and (4)  hydrocarbon composition of 6-9
I \.M. emissions.  Based on the results of the  simulations for each of these  parameters,
I )  isopleths as a function of initial non-methane  hydrocarbon and NO  were  con-
  structed.  A comparison of the degree of hydrocarbon control predicted to achieve  the
  air quality standard for 0, was made for each set  of isopleths.  It was found that
  the "predictions of  the model arc largely insensitive to the parameters investigated
  when the results of the simulations are interpreted in a relative sense.
 17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  * Air pollution
  * Ozone
  * Nitrogen oxides
  * Computerized simulation
  * Mathematical models
  * Atmospheric models
  * Photochemical  reactions
* Reaction kinetics
                                              b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                 c.  COSATI Held/Group
13B
07B
MB
12A
04A
 IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS {This Report)
                                                 •UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
I
  RliLEASE TO PUBLIC
                       20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                          UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                    TLCIINICAL IP I'ORTDATA
                            fi'lratr trail liulniclitiin tin ili<- irrrrsc hc/orr finnfilrtinn)
 i Hi conr NO.
  KI'A-GOO/3-77-053
2.
      PB-269349
4. TITLE ANDSUCITITLE
  PARTTCLK SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATE AEROSOLS
  IN THE  LOS ANGELES AIR BASIN
                              3. RECIPIENT'S ACCEbSIOI>NO.
                                                            5. RCPORT DATE
                                                              May  1977
                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  A. 11. Moskowitz
                              B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PE-nPORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  California Institute of Technology
  Pasadena,  California
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental. Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
   Office of Research  and Development
   U.S.  Environmental' Protection Agency
   Rer.earrh Triangle  Park,  North Carolina  27711
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
   1AA603     
-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Plate read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
    EPA-600/3-77-054
                             2.
                                PB-27192?
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
.. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 REGIO»NAL TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF SULFUR
 DIOXIDE TO SULFATES  IN THE UNITED STATES
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            June 1977
                                                          S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Aubrey P.  Altshuller
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  N. C. 27711
                                                          1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                            1AA603 (AH-14)
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711	
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            In-house	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                            EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
is.ABSTRACT Trends 1n 'and relationships between ambient air  SO,  and sulfate concentra-
 f'ons at 48 urban and 27 nonurban sites throughout the Unitea  States between 1963 and
 H74 have been analyzed.   Large  decreases in SO- concentrations at urban sites In the
 eastern and mldwestern United  States have been accompanied by  modest decreases 1n sul-
 fate concentrations.  Large  variations 1n S02 emissions  among  air quality control
 regions also result In much  smaller variations In sulfate  concentrations.  Large
 changes in the patterns of S0? emissions have little Impact on sulfate concentrations
 in  most air quality regions.   Comparisons of air quality regions with similar SO-
 emission levels and patterns of  emissions in the eastern and western United States and
 of  S09, sulfate, and vanadium  relationships between urban-suburban and urban nonurban
 sites lead to the same conclusion.  Long-distance S02 transport with chemical con-
 version of S09 to sulfates over  ranges of hundreds OT kilometers or more provides
 a consistent explanation for all of the observed results.   This conclusion has been
 suggested earlier, and the present analysis strongly supports  previous discussions.

 Reduction of sulfate concentration levels will require strenuous efforts to control
 SO
      Also,  large new additions to utility capacity in western areas may  lead  to
 *j \?n *  niwwj  i*»i*j*»  11 %* 11  «••••«• iwcwftw ww « » • » - —^ -— i—• — - —^  —  .____-           w
 significant  increases  in western sulfate concentration  levels.   The types of research
 activities required  to quantitate crucial experimental  parameters are discussed.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                       c.  COSATI Fkld/Croup
    Air Pollution
    Sulfur Dioxide
    Sulfates
    Chemical Reactions
    Transport  Properties
    Trends
                                                United States
    13B
    07B
    07D
    12A
 '9. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
    RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
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21. NO. OF PAGES
  '   57
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2210-1 19-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-77-055
                             2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
PB-271696
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
STUDIES OF OXIDANT TRANSPORT BEYOND  URBAN AREAS
New England  Sea Breeze - 1975
                                                                         June 1977
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
H. Westberg,  E.  Robinson, D. elias,  and K.  Allwine
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Resources  Section
Chemical  Engineering Department
Washington State University
Pullman.  Washington  99164	
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                             1AA603    AJ-05   (FY-77)
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                              68-02-2239
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of  Research and Development
U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                               Final
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA-600/09
16. ABSTRACT


     Relationship  between ambient air quality and sea  breeze conditions in
southern  New  England are examined.   In the Boston area,  sea breeze conditions
were observed on approximately  24% of the days of the study (July-August 1975).
The sea breeze dffect can either moderate or enhance the pollution levels in
the Boston  area.  However, the  most common course for the sea breeze is to have
a cleansing effect.  Therefore, ozone levels  are generally lower during sea
breeze conditions.

     In the Groton area of Connecticut, a well-developed sea breeze effect was
observed  almost daily.  High  ozone concentrations usually coincided with a sea
breeze dffect.  Measurements  from aircraft over Long Island and the Atlantic
ocean show  that air pollutants  are advected into the Groton area by the sea
breeze.   The  pollutants over  the ocean were part of the large urban plume
originating 1n the New York City-New Jersey area.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C.  COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*0zone
*Transport  properties
*Sea breezes
*F1eld  tests
 Airplanes
                New England
13B
07B
04
14
01C
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21.iNO. OF PAGES
62
              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                UNCLASSIFIED
                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
          71

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read liiilnictions on the rrrcrsc before completing)
\. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-77-072
                             2.
PB-269944
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  AEROSOL CHARACTERISTICS AND  VISIBILITY
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                                July 1977
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Alan P. Waggoner and  Robert  J.  Charlson
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  University of Washington
  Department of Civil  Engineering
  Seattle, Washington   98195
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA603  AG-11 (FY77)
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                           R800665
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTF,  NC
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Interim    4/71 - 12/74
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       This report  summarizes progress in measuring the optical properties  of
  aerosols and  in relating aerosol characteristics to visibility reduction  made  in
  the author's  laboratory during the period  1965-1971.  An instrument,  the  integrating
  nephelometer, which measures the scattering  component of extinction,  b   ,  was
  developed and used in several field studies.   Measured bg  and observerpvisibility
  have been shown to be highly correlated and  to follow thtPKpschmieder relation.
  Measured b    is highly correlated (0.95 in Los Angeles) with suspended  particle
  volume in IRe 0.1 to 1.0 urn size range.  A useful correlation (0.56  to  0.92  at
  various sites) has been found between b    and  particle mass as collected  on  a
  filter.  Techniques have been developed to measure b   as a function of relative
  humidity for  ambient and model aerosols.   Water, absorbed by hygroscopic  aerosols,
  as H2SO,, and/or  deliquescent aerosols, as (NH^SO^, make a substantial  contri-
  bution to visibility reduction.  Techniques  were also developed to measure the
  absorption  component of extinction, b .; to  measure the forward/backward  scattering
  ratio; and  to determine b   as a function  of wavelength.
                            sp
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Particlcs
  *VisibiJity
  *Light  scattering
  *Nephelometers
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                     c. COSATII icId/Group
                                        13B
                                        07D
                                        14B
                                        20F
                                        20N
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

       44
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

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                                                                        22. PRICE
                                        72

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                                            TECHNICAL HGPORT DATA
                                   (Please read Instructions on lite reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO. 2.
UPA-600/3-77-073 PB-269592
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY DURING THE HOUSTON
URBAN PLUME STUDY, JULY 1974
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gale F. Hoffnagle
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
INTERA Environmental Consultants, Ltd.
Houston, Texas 77027
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO.
5. REPORT DATE
July 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
PO No. 5-02-0025A
NO.

-
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 7/1/74 - 7/1/75
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Meteorological parameters were measured during an EPA sponsored air sampling
program from 15-24 July, 1974, in Houston, Texas. The data collected are pri-
marily surface anemometer data and pilot-balloon soundings to 1830 meters above
ground. These measured data, along with plots from the National Weather Service,
have been utilized to provide nn overall meteorological analysis of conditions
during the sampling program. Because the air sampling was performed primarily
from a fixed-wind aircraft, emphases was given to the ambient environment aloft.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
.1. DESCRIPTORS
Ai r pol lu Lion
*Met oorological dnta
Meteorological balloons
1B. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
1). IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI 1 IcId/GlOUp
Houston 13h
04b
19. SECURITY CLASS (Illis Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 63
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                                  73

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read instructions on the reverse before completing)
 .REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/3-77-080
                             2.
PB-273218
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 AEROSOL RESEARCH BRANCH,  ANNUAL REPORT FY1976/76A
                        5. REPORT DATE
                             August  1977
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  W.E. Wilson and  C.  Danskin, editors
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory -  RTF,  NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711     	
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                          1AA603,  1AD712,  1AA601
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory  - RTF,  NC
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA/600/Q9
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES A complementary report, EPA-600/7-77-076, describes research
           activities funded by the Energy/Environment program.
16. ABSTRACT
       The research program of the Aerosol  Research Branch includes research grants and
  contracts at  institutions in many parts of  the United States, in addition to an
  intramural program.   The purpose of these projects is to study the chemical and
  physical properties  of aerosols, identify the mechanisms of aerosol formation and
  removal, and  conduct experiments to measure these rates.

       The results of  the research are being  used (1) to establish the  contribution of
  the various sources  to the ambient atmospheric aerosol loading, (2) to  characterize
  urban, natural,  and  primary and secondary aerosols, (3) to develop quantitative
  descriptions  of  the  generation and removal  rates associated with each major aerosol
  source and sink, (4) to quantify the effects of aerosol on atmospheric  chemical
  reactions, and (5) as a scientific basis  for recommending regulatory  actions
  concerned with air quality improvements.

        The research projects funded  under EPA's base program are  described.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
           b.lOENTtFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
  *Air  pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Research projects
                                         13B
                                         07D
IK. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
       RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                      21. NO. OF PAGES
                                           143
           20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
              UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
*£A F«tm 2220-1 |!-73|

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunctions on the tevene before completing)
 REPORT MO.
      EPA-6QO/5-77-S9
                             2.
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                  PB-273073
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  REACTIVE HYDROCARBON CONTROL COSTS FOR  LOS  ANGELES
             5. REPORT DATE
               August  1977
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

  K. K. Arledge,  H.C. Pulaski
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  TRK Environmental Engineering Division
  One Space  Park
  Redondo Beach, California  90278
             1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
               1AA603 AL-08   (FY-76)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                68-02-2445
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory-RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             Final
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                EPA/600/09
                                       i Tia  77711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       This report documents  the results of a study to determine the costs associated
  with controlling reactive organic emissions in the Metropolitan Los Angeles Air
  Quality Control Region.  An inventory of organic emissions from 26 categories of
  stationary and mobile sources was developed for the calendar year 1975.  The
  photochemical reactivity of the emissions from each category was determined in
  terms  of a 3-class reactivity classification scheme.   The costs associated with
  reducing the emissions from each category were estimated by assuming the
  application of the most cost effective combination of  available control equipment.
  The costs associated with reducing the emissions from  all sources were estimated
  by assuming the application of the most cost effective controls selected from
  those  available for all source types.  It was concluded that only approximately
  53% of the total organic emissions could be eliminated using currently available
  control technology.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
 * Air pollution
 * Hydrocarbons
 * Control
 * Cost estimates
  Los Angeles, CA
   13B
   07C
   14A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT.

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
    135
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                           22. PRICE
•PA Form 2220-1 (t-731

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the rtvene before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/4-76-001
   2.
         PB-251839
                                 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf+NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5, REPORT DATE
 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT FOR STACK NEAR BUILDING-
 Wind  Tunnel  Study
                                                             February 1976 (Issuing Date)
                                 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 William H.  Snyder* and Robert  E.  Lawson, Jr.**
                                 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                  Fluid Modeling  Report  No. 1
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory
 Office  of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North  Carolina  27711
                                 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                  1AA603
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AOENCY NAME AND ADORiSS
  Same as above
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             In-house
                                 14..SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                  EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  *0n  assignment from the  National  Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
  Department of Commerce.   **Northrop Services,  Inc.
 1O, ABoTnACT
  Wind tunnel  tests were  conducted to determine  the validity of the "two-and-one-half-
  times" rule frequently  used to calculate a necessary height for a stack  in  the
  vicinity of a building.   Model stacks and buildings were placed in a simulated
  atmospheric  boundary layer in a meteorological  wind tunnel.  Smoke v/as  used  for
  flow visualization and  methane for quantitative  concentration measurements  downwind
  of the building.  These studies showed that  the  two-'and-one-half-times rule for the
  determination of a necessary stack height in the vicinity of a building  is  adequate
  for a building whose width perpendicular to  the  wind direction is twice  its height,
  but that it Is unnecessarily conservative for  a  tall thin building.  An  alternative
  rule, called Briggs' alternative, was shown  to be adequate.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                              c.  COSATI Field/Group
  *W1nd tunnel
   Tests
  *Chimneys
  *Height
   Buildings
  *Downwash
   Atmospheric diffusion
Boundary layer
Air pollution
Briggs' alternative
14B
13M
20D
 4A
13B
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                              21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                     35
                    20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                          UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
KPA form 1220.« •• -«
                                       76

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunictians OH ilie reverse before
\. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/4-76-047
                             2.
PB-259877
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 STACK  PLACEMENT IN THE LEE OF A MOUNTAIN RIDGE
              A Wind Tunnel Study
7. AUTHORIS)
 Alan  H.  Huber, William H. Snyder*,
 Roger S.  Thompson, and Robert E. Lawson,  Jr.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  N.C.    27711
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research  Laboratory
 Office of Research and  Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, N.C.    27711
                                                          . RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                         REPORT DATE
                         September 1976
                        , PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                           PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
                         Fluid Modeling Report Mo.  2
                        To. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                         1AA603	
                        TTTCONTRACT/GHANT NO.
                        13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                         In-house   1/75 - 6/75	
                         ». SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                         EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

 * On assignment  from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
 IS.ABSTRACT; An  investigation of the highly turbulent region  in the  lee of  a  two-dimen-
 sional mountain  ridge was carried out in the Meteorological  Wind Tunnel of  the  U.S.
 EPA's Fluid  Modeling Facility.  This highly turbulent  region was found  to consist  of  a
 large semi-permanent eddy.  Smoke visualization and hot  film anemometry measurements
 showed that  the  cavity size and shape are minimally affected by  the  thickness  and  tur-
 bulence  intensity of the approach boundary layer  flow.   In  addition,  the  cavity size
 and  shape  were not found to be affected by the detailed  shape of the  ridge, but were
 strongly dependent upon the upwind terrain and the,gross features  tangles)  of  the
 downslope.                                            .        .    ^.      .  •  .  ...  ,
       A stack was positioned to emit  an  air-methane mixture  into  the cavity  in  the  lee
 of the ridge.   Longitudinal,  lateral  and vertical concentration  profiles  were  taken.
 A tall stack placed to emit into  the upper  portion of the cavity resulted in higher
 ground level concentrations near  the downwind  end of  the cavity  than did  a  shorter
 stack.   However, the maximum  concentrations  measured  were found  to occur near the
 bases of the shorter, stacks.
       The cavity region leeward of the model  ridge was found to be highly turbulent
 with significant plume downwash.   For similar  real-atmosphere situations,  it would be
 good engineering practice  to  avoid placement of  any  significant source within  the ex-
  pected cavity region.  Application of the  "2 1/2 times rule" for stack construction
 EnulH hP sii&Hpnt.  t.n avoid  the  highly tnrfrQpnt rpninn of the cavitv proper.	
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
1. DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
Wind tunnel
Boundary layer
Atmospheric diffusion
Mountain ridges
Chimneys
Downwash
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS ( TttiS Rtport)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (TMs page)'
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATl l:icld/Group
13B
14B
20D
04A
08F
T3T-1
20D'
55
22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220*1 (9-73)
                                      77

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           fPlease read IitiUutitoiH on tin reverie bef
  REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/4-76-058
                             2.
    PB-262200
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
  NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES  IN  AIR  QUALITY
  MODELING.  Objective Interpolation  Formulae for the
  Spatial  Distri ution of Pollutant  Concentration
                            5. REPORT DATE
                              December 1976
                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  S-A Gustafson, K. 0. Kortanek and  0.  R.  Sweigart
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS

  Carnegie-Mellon University
  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                              1AA603   (1AA009)
                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            R 803632
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  North  Carolina 27711
                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                              Final  4/75-4/76	
                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                               EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      A technique  is  proposed for objective interpolation  of  the. air quality distri-
 bution over a region in terms of sparse measurement data.  Empirical  information
 provided by the latter is  effectively combined with knowledge  of atmospheric
 dispersion functions of the type commonly used in source-oriented air quality models,
 to provide improved  estimates of the concentration distribution over an extended
 region.  However,  the technique is not primarily source-oriented since, in contrast
 to the real source distribution of a source-oriented model,  it utilizes fictitious
 or pseudo-sources  that are estimated in terms of the measured  air quality data.  This
 i-nvolves the use  of  interpolation functions that are computed  using numerical
 optimization techniques based on the method of least squares.   Due to the large number
 of different "weather" states that affect the atmospheric dispersion of pollution,
 considerable computation is required, although the bulk of this can be done in
 advance, so that  the final interpolation from the measured values only requires very
 simple calculation.   Thus  the proposed method has the  potential for application on a
 real-time  basis.

       in addition  to  the mathematical formulation of the problem, this preliminary
 study includes  some  numerical experiments, using a current multiple-source EPA air
 quality model,  to illustrate the technique!	.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                  DESCRIPTORS
               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  COSATI I'icld/Gioup
    Air pollution
    Atmospheric composition
    Meteorological  data
    Numerical  analysis
    Interpolation
    Least squares method
    empirical  equations
* Mathematical
  models
     13B
     04A
     04B
     I2A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


           RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                    UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. Of PAGES
    49
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (1-71)
                                       78

-------
rECHNtcA!. AFPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on iJtc rciine b<:f«.-~ completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2 ' "" 	 	 	
EPA-600/4-77-002a ' PB-266255
.1. TITLE AND SUUTITLE
W OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR THE REGIONAL AIR
POLLUTION STUDY
Par-t I
7. AUT-HORIS)
D. Hovland, D. Dartt, and K. Gage
}. PERFORMING ORG ''NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Control Data Corporation
8100 South 34th Avenue
Minneapolis, MN 5440
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratories
Office of Research & Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
3. RECIPIENTS * CCcSilON'NO.
5. REPORT DATE
January 1977
6. PERFORMING ORC ^IZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1827
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES '""" 	
Part II of this report has been issued as EPA-600/4-77-002b, February
1977.
This report documents the development of an objective analysis program for
                                         	  -  -.._.._-,	 Air Pollution Study
being conducted in St. Louis by the Environmental Protection Agency.  The program is
designed^to produce a 5-km spaced horizontal grid analysis from a distribution of
observations which a re sparse at the boundaries of the grid and dense near the center,
An iterative scan procedure is used successively to correct an initial  guess field
until the analysis agrees reasonably well with observations.  A procedure is used
 ;here widely spaced observations and a large scan radius are first used to approxi-
mate the field.  This is successively followed by the addition of more observational
data and reduction in scan radius until the field converges to the desired analysis
(usualty five iterations are required).  This procedure of simultaneously adding
more data and shrinking the scan radius insures that the small-scale variability in
areas of dense observations does not propagate into the surrounding areas where
there are few data.
     The special  problems of producing three-dimensional fields of gridded data
from the observation network are discussed.  They include the inconsistency of the
surface and upper air observation networks, the non-uniform density of the basic
observing network, and the difficulty of producing a reliable analysis when data
from one or more  key stations are missing.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
Meteorological data
*Wind (meteorology)
*Temperature
*Grids (coordinates)
*Atmospheric models
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
^.RELEASE TO PUBLIC
I>.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SfcCURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI l-idd/Group
' 04B
08B
04A
21. NO. OF PAGES
55 I
22. PRICE
                                    79

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                                 TECHNICAL REPOrt 5' DATA
                          (Please read luntructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NT.
                            2.
                                  PB-266756
                                                         3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION*NO.
TITLE ANSUOTITLE
   AN OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS  TECHNIQUE
 FOR THE REGIONAL AIR  POLLUTION STUDY
               Part  II
           5. REPORT DATE

            Fphruary  1977-
           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHORtS)

  D. Hovland, D. Dartt,  and K.  Gage
                                                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORG \NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Control Data Corporation
  8100 South 34th Ave.
  Minneapolis, MN 55440
           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
             1AA603
           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-1827
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Environmental. Sciences  Research Laboratories
 .Office of Researched  Development
 .U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle  Park, N.C. 27711	
                                                            TYPE 0
                                                            Final
           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
              EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  Part I of this  report has been issued as  EPA-600/4-77-002a, January  1977
 >. ABSTRACT
       This report  discusses the application  of objective analysis  techniques to the
  computation of  trajectories from surface  wind observations of the Regional  Air Pol-
  lution Study  in St.  Louis.  Trajectories  were computed over a 100-kilometer square
  grid centered on  St.  Louis for two 5-hour periods during July 1975.   The variability
  of the surface  wind  field was investigated  by examining the temporal  and spatial
  variability of  computed trajectories.   Also, the sensitivity of  the  computed tra-
  jectories to  the  amount of data employed  in the analysis was examined in some detail
  The results showed a general lack of sensitivity of the computed  trajectories to a
  single missing  observation.  However,  computed trajectories.were  very sensitive to
  missing adjacent  observations.

       In addition  to  the trajectory analysis, a set of tapes containing gridded winds
  and temperatures  for the St. Louis area were generated.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
  *Air Pollution
  *Meteorological  data
  *Wind  (meteorology)
  *Temperature
  *Grids  (coordinates)
  *Atmospheric  models
  *Applications of mathematics
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
St. Louis, Mo.
                           COSATI Field/Group
13B
04B
08B
04A
12A
II. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Heport)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                         21. NO. OF PAGES

                            57
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispanel
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(PA Form 2220-1 (S-73)
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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (I'lra.w read iHUrui'lintis an lite reverse before c
  m i'on i
                                   PB-263901
1. TITLE ANIJ SUBTITLL
  UlbPtKblOrt ui: KUuF-TUr1  hf-USblONS FROM ISOLnTtU
  BUILDINGS  A Wind Tunnel  Study
                                                           5. Rr.PORT DATE
                                                            January 1977
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
   LJdViU J.
            Tnoiiipson
            Loinuarui.
ESRL,  EPA
Nortiirop  Services.  Inc.
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                                            Fluid Modeling Report
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATJON NAME AND ADDRESS
   Lriviromnental Sciences  Research Laboratory
   office of Research  ana  Development
   U.  S.  Lnvironnierital  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   tnvirom.iental  Sciences Rest-arch Laboratory
   Office of Research  and bevelopinent
   U.  S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
   Researcii Trianrjle Park.  North Carolina27711
                                                           . RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                           1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                            1AA603
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           13. TYPf OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            In-house __   _     ____
                                                           1 4" 'SPONSOR rN'G~         "
                                                            EPA-URD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        A fluid modeling  study of the dispersion of roof-top emissions from
   rectangular uuildings  was performed in the  meteorological wind tunnel of
   the EPA Fluid Modeling Facility.  The basic building shape was a 0.18 meter
   cube.  Variations  included a building twice as wide and buildings twice
   anu tnree times as  nigh.   Eacii building was placed in a 1.8 meter, simulated,
   neutral atmospneric  boundary layer.  Low  momentum, non-buoyant emissions
   were released tnrou^n  an  opening at the roof center.  Photographs of flow
   visualization experiments are presented for a qualitative evaluation of
   tne uuiluing wakes.  Concentration measurements at ground level and aloft
   are presented for each case at downwind distances within 20 building heights.
   Concentrations are  presented in a non-dimensional form for ease in application
   to full scale situations.  Tne orientation  of the wind to the building was
   found to significantly affect ground-level  concentrations near :the building.
   M 4b° orientation of the  cubical building increased the maximum ground-level
   concentration uy a  factor of six over that  observed for a perpendicular
   orientation.
17.

I.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
   *rtir pollution
   *Atmospheric diffusion
    Air flow
   *L>oundary layer
   *L.uildings
   *tnvi ronmenta 1 s i inu 1 ati on
    wind tunnel
                                              KlDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDtD TERMS
                                                  (.-. COSATl I-iclil/lirimp
                                                    ~"13B
                                                     04A

                                                     20U
                                                     13M
                                                     14B
 n. MISrmuiirioN STATEMENT

   KtLtASE TO PUbLIC
                                              19. SI.CUHITY CLASS (Thi

                                              _ UNCLASSIFIED.	
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                UiiCUSSIFIEU
                                                  21. NO. OF PAGES

                                                     44
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (3-73)
                                        81

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                                   TECHNICAL REI ORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the -irrse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/4-77-009
                             2.
    PB-263898
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN CARBON MONOXIDE  CONCENTRATIONS,
  TRAFFIC COUNTS  AND METEOROLOGY
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                             5. REPORT DATE
                              February  ly77
                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Gerard A.  DeMarrais*
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES  RESEARCH  LABORATORY
  OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND  DEVELOPMENT
  U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY
  RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC   27711
                             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                              1AA603
                             11. CbfJTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
  OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
  U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
  RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK,  NC  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                               In-house 9/75-2/76
                             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                               EPA - ORD
19. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  *0n  assignment from the National  Oceanic and Atmospheric  Administration,
    U.S.  Department of Commerce.
16. ABSTRACT

        Although pollutant emission patterns  play  important roles, they cannot adequate
   ly explain the diurnal  variations in carbon monoxide concentrations found  in urban
   areas.  In this study,  hourly data from a  large network of carbon monoxide
   monitoring stations,  with instrumentation  corrected for moisture interference,  are
   analyzed and compared with traffic flow and meteorological conditions  at several
   locations in Maryland.   The meteorological phenomena that appear to be important
   in explaining the  diurnal variations involve  the ventilation effects resulting  from
   variable wind speeds  and mixing heights.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                          c.  COSATI Held/Group
   * Air pollution
   *Carbon monoxide
   * Meteorological data
   * Traffic  surveys
   * Diurnal  variations
   .* Wind velocity
* Mixing
* Height
13 B
07 B
04 B
13 B
13 M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
 34
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
                                         82

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (I'lcasc read Imlrnctioiis an the rct'crxc before
 . f;t PORT NO.
                            2.
                                  PB-265382
                                                         1. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI^NO.
_EPA-6QO/4-7Z=OJO	
 . II(LL AND SUBTITLE
 MESOSCALE AIR  POLLUTION TRANSPORT IN SOUTHEAST
.-WISCONSIN
                                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTMOH(S)

 Walter  A. Lyons
                                        Q. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 University  of  Wisconsin-Milwaukee
 Air Pollution  Analysis Laboratory
 College of  Engineering and Applied Science
 Milv/aukee,  Wisconsin  53201
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  - RTP, N.C.
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Trianqle Park, N.C.  27711
                                                           REPORT DATE
                                                           February 1977
                                        10. PROGRAM EUEMENT.NO.

                                        _JAA6_03	:	
                                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO


                                          R-800873
                                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                          Final    1972-1976	
                                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                          EPA/600/09
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTfcS
 ^ABSTRACT   Durin?j ^g per-jocj 197Q-1976,  the  University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Air
  Pollution  Analysis Laboratory  (College  of Engineering and Applied Science) engaged in
  extensive  studies on the mesometeorology of the Great Lakes.  This report highlights
  the  important findings of this research that are air pollution-related.  An extensive
  field  study on the western shore of Lake Michigan during the summer of 1974 essential
  lv validated the GLUMP Fumigation Model, which was calibrated for multi-plume power
  plants.  Studies of lake meteorology  showed that, even during supposedly "steady-
  state"  onshore gradient flows, complicated  wind patterns occurred including the de-
  velopment  of low-level jet streams associated with intense inversion layers.  The
  ac&ustic sounder was found to  be highly useful in showing the structure of the lake-
  shore  environment.  Also, satellite data were highly useful in monitoring mesoscale,
  regional and synoptic scale transport.   Individual plumes were detected for more than
  150  km over Lake Michigan, and a major  sulfate haze aerosol episode was imaged over
  the  central U.S.  A model was  proposed  to explain the inland band of elevated ozone
  levels  running parallel to the shoreline, and the Chicago metropolitan area was shown
  to be  a major contributor to the high oxidant levels recorded in southeastern Wiscon-
  sin.   On one occasion, aircraft monitoring  of the Chicago urban plume revealed inter-
  state  transport of 25 tons per hour of  S02  from Illinois into Wisconsin.  The finding
  suggest that the concept of Air Quality Control Regions has to be severely modified
  or abandoned altogether and ohowcd the  inapplicability of most existing short term
IZpredi ction .
 s_J n_coas tal_*EY WORDS AND D0^E-^
DESCRIPTORS                  b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  *Air pollution     Electric power  plants
   Ozone             Meteorological  satel-
  .Sulfur dioxide                     lites
  *Metfiorolo
-------
                                  TECHNICAL 1,1 PORT DATA
                                          on t»t ntcnc hijotc «t»n/>li inn-)
1  nr '-OUT NO.
                             2.
                                  PB-269567
4. THLE ANtl
  REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
  Point  Source Emission Inventory
7. AUTHOniS)
  Pred  C.  Littman, Robert W. Griscom,  and  Otto Klein
9. PERTOHMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Rockwell  International
  Air  Monitoring Center
  11650  Administration Drive
  Crcvc  Cocur,  MO
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory" RTP,NC
•  Office of Research and Development
• U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Ufscarrh Triiiiuilc Park. N.C. 27711          	
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                    DATK
             _March... 1.917 ________
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
             ft. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
             IO. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

             	   1AA60S     __
             11. CONTHACT/GRANY Kio.

                   68-02-1081
                   Task Order 55
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
             	lj.in.il	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
               EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT           •                              •	
        l-mission data from stationary  point sources in the St.  Louis  Interstate Air
  Quality Control Region wore gathered  during 1075.  Data for  "criteria" pollutants
  were  obtained on an hourly basis.   Emissions from large sources  were  based on
  hourly, measured values of pertinent  operating parameters. Those from smaller
  sources, between 10 and 1000  tons per year, were based on  annual  data modified
  by a  detailed operating pattern.  P.xamples of the data arc presented  in the
  report.  The full set of data  are available from the RAPS  Data  Hank.

        An emission factor verification  program was initiated by testing typical
  sources using standard HPA methods.   Results indicate good agreement  for S0_
  valucs.  Data for NO. and participates originating from combustion sources
  indicate that the existing factors  are too high by variable  but  substantial
  amounts.
                               KEY WOMUS AND OOCUMfNT ANALYSIS
   *Air pollution
   *P.mission
   *Data
   *Colicetion
                                             li.lULNTIFIEMS/OrtN CNUEU TERMS
   St.  Louis,  MO
   Stationary  point
         sources
                                                                        i. COSATl
13B
ia. uisriunui ION st AILMI NT
   RGLLASU TO PUBLIC
19. SK
                           21. Nf). OF PAGES
                             350
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Iliitpafc)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                          22. PRICE
                                     84

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read /uitructions on the reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/4-77-015
                            2.
PB-266739
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
 CALCULATION  OF SELECTED PHOTOLYTIC.RATE CONSTANTS
                OVER A DIURNAL  RANGE
                A Computer Algorithm	
                        5. REPORT DATE
                            March 1977
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHORIS)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Kenneth L. Schere  and  Kenneth L. Denierji an
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research  and  Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  N.C.   27711
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            1AA603
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
t2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory  - RTP, NC
 Office of Research  and  Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  N.C.  27711'	
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                             Tn-Hnnsp
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA /600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
'«• ABSTRACT A computer program has been  created  and is described herein which  emplovs
the theoretical  formulation of the photolytic  rate constant to calculate  these  rate
constants for  specific chemical species over a diurnal time period  in clear-sky con-
ditions.  A user of the program must specify the date, time and location  for which
the rate constants  are desired.  With  this  information and specific data  on  zenith
angles, solar  irradiance, and species  characteristics of absorption cross-sections
and primary quantum yields, which are  provided in the orogram package,  the computer
program generates a diurnal range of photolytic rate constants for  each species.   The
species included are NOU, 03, MONO, HONO-,  H^CO, CH3CHO, and HpO-.. The aopendices to
this reoort contain program and data listings  as well as a User's Guide to program
operation.
     The program-generated photolytic  rate constants for N0£ are compared  to direct
 measurements  of  this  quantity as taken at  Research Triangle Park,  N.C.  during Aoril
 1975.  The  two methods are generally  in close agreement after the  theoretically com-
 puted  rate  constants  are scaled by  a  simplistic method for the  compensation of solar
 radiation attention by clouds.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
   *A1r  Pollution
   *Photochemical Reactions
   faction Kinetics
   ^Atmospheric Modeling
   *Computerized Simulation
   *Computer Programs
   *Algonthms
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c.  COSATI Held/Group
                                            13B
                                            07E
                                            07D
                                            14A
                                            14B
                                            09B
                                            12A
  DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURH Y CLASS (This Report)
               UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAOtS
      71
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thi

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
(f A Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (I'li-asc read liitinictiuns on lite reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/4-77-016
PB-266743
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 DIURNAL  VARIATIONS IN TRAFFIC FLOW AND  CARBON
 MONOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-Np.
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          April 1977
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOHIS)
 Gerard A.  DeMarrais*
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research  Triangle Park, NC  27711
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA603
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
 Office  of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research  Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                             OD COVERED
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  On  assignment from the National  Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
 U.S.  Department o'f Commerce.
16. ABSTRACT           :                                                ——	
       Traffic count and carbon monoxide (CO) data for January and July from three
 states  are compared in order to  reveal any diurnal variations in the two
 measurements.   The diurnal patterns  for the 18 traffic  count stations indicate
 that  there are average patterns  of traffic flow that are  representative of all
 stations  for periods of one month.   Comparisons of data for  the 36 CO monitoring
 stations  show correlations which vary from large positive to large negative.
 However,  eliminating a few monitoring Stations which show relatively poor
 correlations yields groups within each state that have  consistent patterns.  The
 diurnal  variations in CO concentrations are not well correlated with traffic
 patterns.  Part of the poor correlation appears to be due to the diurnal variations
 in  vertical mixing and wind speeds and part to the exposures and' locations of the
 sampling  instruments.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                     c.  COSATI Held/Group
     Air pollution
     Carbon monoxide
     Traffic surveys
     Diurnal variations
     Correlation
     Meteorological data
                                            13B
                                            07B
                                            13B
                                            04B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
       RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
                 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
      58
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                      22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                      86

-------
                                   TEC. JICAL REPORT DATA
                            (I'lcose rraii tnuni-. nuns on l>'< ri t\nc be lure l
   •PORT NO.
                                   PB-266960
                                                           3. RECIPIENTT  >CCESSION"NO.
   TLE AND SUBTITLE

 REGIONAL  AIR POLLUTION STUDY.     ,.
 Sulfur  Compounds and Parti'culate Size Distribution
	Inventory	•	
7. AUTHORIS?  '

Fred Littman,  Robert W. Griscom,  and  Harry Wang
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Monitoring Center
Rockwell  International
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur,  MO 63141
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                            April  1977
             -Ap.
             6. PEF
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of  Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
- RTF, NC
                                                              RFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                 1AA603
              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
              68-02-1081
              Task Order  56
              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                 Final
              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                  EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16, ABSTRACT
       In conjunction  with the Regional Air Pollution Study being conducted  in
  the St. Louis-Air Quality Control Region  (AQCR),a methodology for estimating  the
  amount of sulfur trioxide (SO )  emitted by  combustion sources was developed.   It
   s based on SO /SO   ratios determined both  experimentally and from literature
   urveys.  The most likely value appears to  be 1.85% of the SO  emissions.   On
  this basis, about 22,000 tons of SO  are emitted yearly from combustion  sources

       A fine particle size inventory for the area was also developed.  The  inventory
  gives a breakdown of particulate emissions  in the range of 7 to .01 microns,
  based on production  rates and collection efficiencies for point sources  in the
  St. Louis AQCR. The  information on the SO /SO  ratios and the particle size
  breakdown is stored  in the RAPS Data Handling System.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *Air pollution
 *Sulfur tiroxide
 *Particle size distribution
 *Estimates
 *Environmental surveys
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Held/Croup
  St. Louis,  MO
                                                                         13B
                                                                         07B
                                                                         05J
 9. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
 19. SECURITY CLASS (This KeporlJ
  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                               54
 20 SECURITY CLASS fTllispage)
  UNCLASSIFIED
                            22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                        ,87

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please trail liiniriflions on the reverse before completing)
I RfPOPT NO                    2.    nn OAQ-57Q
 EPA-6pp/4,77rQ]B_	J	«^8379__
   TLE AND SUUTITI.Q
 «KGIONAL AIR POLLUTION  STUDY
 Non-criteria Pollutant  Inventory
                                                         3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                         5. RETORT DATE
                                                            April  1977
                                                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S) •.' .                       t.
 Fred E. Littman, Harry Wang,  and John Piere
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
>. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Air Monitoring Center
 Rockwell International
 11640 Administration Drive
 Creve Coeur, MO  63141
                                                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                              1AA603
                                                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-1081
                                                              Task  Order 54
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND AODRtSS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
 Office of Research  and Development
 U.S..Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711
                                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                              Final
                                                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                              EPA/600/09
I 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 fi. ABSTRACT
      In  conjunction with the Regional Air  Pollution Study (RAPS) being conducted
 in the St. Louis Air Quality Control Region  (AQCR), an inventory of non-criteria
 pollutants was  assembled for point sources.  The  inventory was based on the
 following data:
      The National Emissions Data System  (NEDS)  inventory for the AQCR.
      inventory  is based largely on 1971  and  1972 data.
                                                                           This
 2.
     Emission factors  listed in the several reports  in  the series entitled
     "National Inventory of Sources and Emissions,"  which list estimated emission
     factors for the following 21 compounds:  Arsenic,  Asbestos,  Barium, Beryllium,
     Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Magnesium,  Manganese, Mercury,
     Molybdenum, Nickel, Phosphorus, Selenium, Silver,  Titanium,, Vanadium, Zinc,
     and BaP.

     The non-criteria  emission factors are being incorporated into the RAPS Data
Handling System, and yearly point source inventories for non-criteria pollutants
are available.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Estimates
*Environmental surveys
'». DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
PLEASE TO PUBLIC
h. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
St. Louis, MO
Non-criteria pollutants
19. StCURlTY CLASS (This Rtport)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tliis page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATi 1 icId/Group
13B
05J
21. NO. OF PAGES
45
22. PRICE
 PA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (/'lease read /nuructions on the reverse before i
  (U t'oat NO                    2.
  EPA-600/4-77-035a
•1. TITLE AND SUBTITLE                         "~
 NEW YORK AIR POLLUTION PROJECT OF 1964-1969
 Volume I.  Description of Data
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
            5. REPORT DATE
              August 1977
            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 Robert D. Bornstein,  Tim Morgan, Yam-Tong Tarn, Tim
 Loose, Ken Leap, Jim Sigafoose, Carl Berkowitz
9. PE RFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Department of Meteorology
 San Jose State University
 San Jose, California  95192
            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

               1AA603
            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

               68-02-1284
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
 Office Research  & Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
             13. TYPF. OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
               Final 4/74-9/76
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY
                              CODE
               EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 Volume II, a magnetic tape, and a roll of microfilm contain aerometric field data
 that are available  from NTIS.  EPA-600/4-77-035b
16. ABSTRACT

      Volume  I  documents the meteorological and  sulfur dioxide data collected during
 three test periods of the New York City Air Pollution Project of 1964-1969.  A
 detailed description of all the data is presented in Volume I.  Volume II supplements
 Volume I and contains:  (1) emission rates of sulfur dioxide,  heat, and moisture; (2)
 sulfur dioxide concentrations measured from fixed sites and from automotive platforms
.and (3) vertical  profiles of sulfur dioxide concentrations and temperature made from
 helicopters.   Other data collected during the Project are available on microfilm:
 (1) hourly synoptic maps showing "surface" windspeed and direction at 97 sites and
 showing streamline and isotach analyses; and (2)  132 bihourly maps of hourly average
 sulfur dioxide concentration -isopleths for the  11 days of the three "primary" test
 periods.  Pibal measurements of winds aloft (578) balloon launches) are available on
 magnetic tape.  The purpose of documenting and  publishing all these data (in Volume I
 Volume II, microfilm, and magnetic tape) is to  make these valuable data readily
 available for  further research and applications.

      Volume  II, the microfilm, and the magnetic tape (with card deck and print-out fo:
 reading the  tape) are available from the National Technical Information Service in
 Springfield, Virginia.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 * Air pollution
 * Sulfur dioxide
 * Field Tests
 * Meteorological data
 * Air circulation
   Helicopters
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
   New York City
                          c. COS AT I Held/Group
    13B
    07B
    14R
    04B
    04A
    01C
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

            TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (Tills Report)
   UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

      146
                                              2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thilpage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     89

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PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                        1  A A 0-03
                                                        1  A A 0 0 8
                                                        1  A A 0 0 9

                                                        1  A  1  0 0  3
                                                        1  A  1  0 0  8
                                                        110302
 OBJECTIVE    SUMMARY
                                                          Studies  on  the  atmospheric
                                      ~~"""""""""' processed and effects have  been
conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively determine  the sources and sinks,  ki-
netics of formation and removal,  and chemical/physical  interactions of airborne gas-
eous and particulate matter.  This area  of  research  covers; (1) The  development,
evaluation and validation of air  quality simulation  models for predicting and describ
ing air quality Impacts anticipated from various control  abatement strategies.   (2)
Determination of atmospheric chemical and processes  for  describing the formation and
decay of gaseous and particulate  air pollutants.  (3)  Quantification of  the  atmos-
pheric effects of weather* visibility, climate*  and  materials due  to  air  pollutants.
                                     90

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                                  IHCIINICAL IV OUT DATA
                               rcinl Imtstii'liiiHs nn ih TC/JC lirjorc ctitn/'li II
       NO.

 EPA-600/3-76-0113
                             2.
PB-249613
 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE
       RAPS  EMISSION  INVENTORY HANDBOOK

       Volume 1
 . RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.

5."REPORT DATE
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOE
 AUTHORISr
tockwell International Corporation
Air Monitoring Center
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
tockwell International Air Monitoring  Center
2421A Hillcrest Drive
Newbury Park, CA 91320
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                            AAA003   26AAI/413
                        1 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           68-02-1081
                            (Task Order 37)
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle parV, ?I.C.	
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                            Final	'
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   See  also Volume 2, EPA-600/3-76-011b, and Volume 3, EPA-600/3r76-011c
IB. ABSTRACT The Regfong-| M r  portion Study (RAPS), which encompasses the St. Louis Air
Quality Control Region,  is  the largest and most comprehensive attempt to date to obtain
  quantitative understanding  of urban air pollution. Its aim is to describe the complex
relationships between  emissions to the atmosphere, atmospheric dispersions and transfer
nation  processes, and ambient concentrations, of pollutants.  In addition, numerous
corollary studies are  planned under the RAPS "umbrella."
     An accurate, detailed  and comprehensive inventory of emission to the atmosphere
constitutes a basic  input to  this understanding.  The RAPS emission inventory was
planned to provide far more detailed information than has been available anywhere in
the past; its aim is  co  obtain hourly data for key pollutants based insofar as possible
on measured values.   Thus,  emission data should be available for a base period of a
year, commensurate in  detail  and accuracy with data on ambient concentrations and
nkrometeorological  information gathered by the Regional Air Monitoring Stations.
     The ultimate value  of  the RAPS Study will, it is hoped, not be confined to the St.
Louis area, but rather will provide a model for future studies of this type in other
areas.  For this reason  the National Air Data Branch provided complete documentation of
all efforts connected  with  the assembly of the regional emission inventory so that the
techniques and methodology  developed for this project will be applicable to future
studies.
 17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             I».IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      C.  COSATI I iclil/GfOU|i
       *Air Pollution
       *Emission
       *Data
                St.  Louis,  Mo
                       13B
                       14G
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

       RELEASE TO THERJBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (fliis Report)
                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     91

-------
                                  II.CIINICAI '.' "UIU OAIA
                           (I'll me trail liuliiii IHHI\ IH> •''.• rri <7ir /'< /••/!• (ii'itfli lint:)
1. in POUT NO.
                             .	EB.-250113.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
       RAPS  EMISSION  INVENTORY  HANDBOOK  .

       Volume 2
 lockwell 'International Corporation
Air Monitoring Center
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International Air Monitoring  Center
 421A Millcrest Drive
Newbury Park, CA 91320
 . AUTHORI3)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 3. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and 'Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Par!', N.C.	
                                                                  -s ACCESSION-NO.
                                                                 HATH.
                                                          IS. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                          10. PROGHAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                          	AAAO£3  26AAI/413
                                                          11. CONTHACT/GhANT NO.

                                                             68-02-1081
                                                             (Task Order 37)
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                          	Final	•
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                             EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

  See also Volume 1, EPA-600/3-76-011a, and Volume 3,  EPA-600/3-76^011c
          The Regional Air  Pollution Study (RAPS), which encompasses the St.. Louis Air
Quality Control Region,  is  the  largest and most comprehensive attempt to date to obtain
a quantitative understanding  of urban air pollution. Its aim is to describe the complex
relationships between emissions to the atmosphere, atmospheric dispersions and transfer
nation  processes, and ambient  concentrations of pollutants.  In addition, numerous
corollary studies are planned under the RAPS "umbrella."
     An accurate, detailed  and  comprehensive inventory of emission to the atmosphere
constitutes a basic  input to  this  understanding.  The RAPS emission inventory was
planned to provide far more detailed information than has been available anywhere  in
the-past; its aim is to  obtain  hourly data for key pollutants based insofar as possible
on measured values.  Thus,  emission data should be available for a base period of  a
year, commensurate in detail  and accuracy with data oh ambient concentrations and
nicrometeorological  information gathered by the Regional Air Monitoring Stations.
     The ultimate value  of  the  RAPS Study will, it is hoped, not be confined to the St.
Louis area, but rather will provide a model for future studies of this type in other
areas.  For this reason  the National Air Data Branch provided complete documentation  of
all efforts connected with  the  assembly of the regional emission inventory so that the
 echniques and methodology  developed for this project will be applicable to future
studies.
17.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                               KEY WOMDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

                                             lUDENTIFIEHS/OPKN ENDED TERMS
       *Air Pollution
       *Emission
       *Data
                                                  St.  Louis,  Mo
                                                                         COSATI I icId/Ctotip
.1313
14G
 IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

       RELEASE  UNLIMITED
                                             19. SECUMIIY CLASS (Iliix Itrport)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       21. NO. OF PAGES
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thisixig

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     92

-------
                                          l  I I'OItt t)AIA
                           I'll'lHf I I'lltl /Hit/Ill lltlll.\ '>•  •< I, 1 MM- I'l /I'll- I tlllt/'l, Illlfl
                                  PB-250114 '
I. "t.l'Oll 1 NO
 EPA-600/3-75-011 C	
4. TITLE AN'O SUBTITLE        T
      RAPS  EMISSION  INVENTORY HANDBOOK

      'Volume 3
                                                         (j. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHORS)
 ockwell  International Corporation
 ir  Monitoring Center
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PtRFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 ockwell  International  Air Monitoring  Center
 421A Hillcrest Drive
 ewbury Park,  CA 91320
 7. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

 Environmental Sciences Rosoa'rch Laboratory
 Office  of  Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Par!-, ?'.C.	
                                                                  'S ACCCSSIO^NO.
                                                          >. RE'TkHT/lATE
                                                          10. PROGRAM F.LEMENT NO.

                                                              AAA003   26AAI/413
                                                          1 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                             68-02-1081
                                                              (Task Order 37)
                                                          13. TYPf. OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                          	F i n a 1	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                              EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

   See also Volume 1, EPA-600/3-76-011a, and Volume  2,  EPA-600/3-76-011b
 6'ABSTHACTThe Regional Air  Pollution  Study (RAPS), which encompasses the St. Louis Air
 uality Control Region, is  the  largest and most comprehensive attempt to date to obtain
  quantitative understanding  of urban air pollution. Its aim is to describe the complex
relationships between emissions to the atmosphere, atmospheric dispersions and transfer
nation  processes, and ambient  concentrations-of pollutants.  In addition, numerous
corollary studies are planned under the RAPS "umbrella."
     An accurate, detailed  and  comprehensive inventory of emission to the atmosphere
constitutes a basic input  to  this  understanding.  The RAPS emission inventory was
planned to provide far more detailed  information than has been available anywhere  in
 ;he-past; its aim is  co obtain  hourly data for key pollutants based insofar as possible
on measured values.  Thus,  emission data should be available for a base period of  a
 ear, commensurate in detail  and accuracy with data on ambient concentrations and
 ricrometeorological information gathered by the Regional Air Monitoring Stations.
     The ultimate value of the  RAPS Study will, it is hoped, not be confined to  the  St.
Louis area, but rather will provide a model for future studies of  this  type in other
ireas.  For this reason the National  Air Data Branch provided complete  documentation  of
all efforts connected with the  assembly'of the regional emission inventory so that the
techniques and methodology .developed for this project will be applicable  to future
studies.
 7.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

                                              I'.IDENTIIMERS/OPtN ENDED TERMS
       *Air Pollution
       *Emission
       *Data
                                                  St.  Louis,  Mo
                                                                          COSATI l-'ii'ld/'t'iliHIp
13B
14G
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

       RELEASE  UNLIMITED
                                              19. SECUHIf Y CLASS (I liix Krporl)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This t'nfc]

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     93

-------
                                  TECHNICAL KEPOHT DATA
                           (flease read /HUTUCIions tin ilif rcveitc before
I. REPORT NO.
        EAP-600/3-76-016
                                  PB-252035
                                                          3. RECIPIENT? 'CCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
    P^lSSHnL AIR POLLUTION STUDY:  EXPEDITIONARY
    RESEARCH PROGRAM, SUMMER 1975
                                                          G. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                           . RT.POHT DATE
                                                           February 1976
7. AUTHOn(S)
    Willaim C. Zegel
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                         (RycJonan/Edgerly/Tomlinson
                         and Associates)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   'Rockwell International Corporation
    Science Center
    Thousand Oaks, California  91320
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                             1AA003  26AAI/413
                                                           If. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             68-02-1081, Task Order 50
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
    Office of Research and Development
    U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
    Research Triangle  Park, N.C. 27711	
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            Final	
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                            KPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
      The immediate goal of the Regional Air Pollution Study  (RAPS)  is the evaluation
 of existing local and regional scale air quality simulation  models.   Inherent in
 this effort is the creation of a  comprehensive, accurate,  and readily-retrieval
 data base containing emission rates, concentrations of atmospheric  pollutants,
 and pertinent meteorological measurements.  An integrated  program has been
 prepared for the conduct of the RAPS which includes data collection on both a
 routine and an expeditionary basis.   This report describes the Summer 1975 RAPS
 Expeditionary Research Program which was designed to procure detailed atmospheric
 observations to better understand selected pollutant and atmospheric phenomena.
 Data collection activities are described in each of four areas:  (1) Pollutant
 Transport and Dispersion;  (2) Pollutant Transformation and Removal;  (3) Pollutant
 Measurement Program;  (4) Pollutant Effects Studies.  The general.experiment
 design, quality assurance plans,  data management procedures,  and operational
 requirements are presented for each experiment to be conducted.  Finally, existing
 information is suirar.arized in the  form of status reports for  three basic elements
 of activity within RAPS;  (1) Model Evaluation and Development; (2)  RAPS Data
 Bank;  (3) Emission Inventories.
 17.
                                KEV WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
      *Air Pollution
      ^Surveys
       Meteorological  data
       Atmospheric  Disporion
       Transport properties
       Chemical analysis
       Fvnnr imrmtTil n«»i?srm
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI l-ickl/Group
                                                                         13B
                                                                         14B
                                                                         04B
                                                                         04 A
                                                                         14G
                                                                         07 D
 13. OIS> fll'jUl ION STATEMENT

 RELEASE UNLIMITED
                                              19. StCUim Y CLASS (I'lii* Hrptirtf
                                               JJNCLASSIFiiiD
                                              jfoTsEcuTm Y~cL7Ks?,"7i
                                               UNCI.ASUIFIKD
                                                                         21. NO. Oh
                                                                         22. PRICE
 EPA Form 7JJO-I (»-73)
                                       94

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/3-76-093
                            2.
PB-258822
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 ANALYSIS  OF ATMOSPHERIC ORGANIC AEROSOLS BY
 MASS  SPECTROSCOPY
                        6. REPORT DATE
                          August
                        6. PERFORMING >RQANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

  Alden L.  Crittenden
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  University of Washington
  Department of Chemistry
  Seattle, Washington  98195
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA003
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                           801119
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final 6/72 - 10/75
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
  High resolution mass  spectroscopy has been  found to be a useful means of charac-
  terizing the organic  fraction of urban aerosols.  Quantitative accuracy, however,
  was limited, particularly for compounds  of  low abundance.  Some ambiguities were
  found in the assignment of origins of ions  formed in the mass spectrometer.
  Compounds  that were detected included phenols; aromatic carboxylic acids and,
-possibly,  esters  of these; and aliphatic dibasic acids.  Evidence was found of
  several other difunctional compounds, including nitrate or nitrite species.
  Strong evidence was found for the presence  in some urban aerosols of compounds
-reported by  others as products of the oxidation of toluene in smog chamber reactions
  Less evidence was found for products formed by the oxidation of terpenes.
  A few samples of  automobile exhaust particulates were analyzed.. The occurrence of
  benzoic acid and  the benzoyl ion  in mass spectra appear  to be possible  indicators
  of automotive contribution to the organic components.
  Results for  a large number of compounds  are provided for 88 samples of  aerosols
  collected  at sites located in the greater Los Angeles, Seattle, St. Louis,  and
  Denver  areas.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                         COSATI Field/Gioup
   *Air pollution
   *Aerosols
   *0rganic compounds
   *Chemical analysis
   *Mass spectroscopy
                                         13B
                                         07D
                                         07C
                                         14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
               UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
     295
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (TMspage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
                                      95

-------
                             TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                       (Please read luaitictiom an /'«• itvcne before
. REPORT NO.
                        2.
                             PB-252009
                                                 3. RECIPIENTS \CCESSION-NO.
. n 1 Lt AND SUBTITLE
METHODOLOGY  FOR INVENTORYING HYDROCARBONS
                                                 5. REPORT DATE
                                                 G. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
                                                 a. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Philip DiGasbarro
Mark Bornstein
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GCA Corporation
 iCA/Technology Division
Boston,  Mass.   01730
                                                 10. PROGRAM. ELEMENT NO.
           —      .
           1 1 . CONTHACT/GRAN

              68-02-1006
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office  of  Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711
           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
              Final
           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
              EPA-ORD
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
    A methodology for estimating  emissions of hydrocarbons to the
 atmosphere  is described, with  emphasis on emissions from stationary
 point  and area sources. • The methodology is an  elaboration of the
 National  Emissions Data System (NEDS), and is based upon, but not
 limited to,  an inventory of hydrocarbon emissions within the Boston,
 MA Air Quality Control Region;  emissions from motor vehicles are not
 considered,  since they are subject to a different methodology. Sources
 of data,  and procedures to obtain data are described.  Data sources
 include trade associations, census figures, and wholesale suppliers.
 Examples  are given of work sheets for compiling data, and of question-
 aires  with  instructions for completion that can be sent to various
 types  of  establishements that  are potential emission sources. Appli-
 cation of the methodology to the St. Louis Air  Quality Control Region
 for development of a hydrocarbon emission inventory for the Regional
 Air Pollution Study is outlined.
17.
                           KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
               DESCRIPTORS
 Air Pollution
 Methodology
 *Estimating
 *Emission
 *Hydrocarbons
                                       1).IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                      c1. COSATI l-'icltl/CtoUp
                        13B
                        07C
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE UNLIMITED
19. SECURITY CLASS {Tins Report}

 	LUJiCliAg SI FIED.
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

    UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

 	9_8_
22. PRICE
EPA Perm 2220-1 t»-73J
                                96

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            I'lcasc read luuntftiuns on r>ic wcnc In/ore
 aF.»ORT NO.
 -:     EPA-600/4-76-032
                               PB-255313
                                                          J. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
•'. E AND SUBTITLE
   REGIONAL  AIR POLLUTION STUDY:  QUALITY
   ASSURANCE AUDITS
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                               June 1976
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
John R. Hribar
                                                          S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Monitoring Center
Rockwell International
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO   63141
                                                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                         1AA003
                                                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-1081
                                                            Task Order 58
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle  Park, N.C. 27711	
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            JL.in.aL
                                                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                            EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      Aerometric  data is being collected  by the Regional Air Pollution Study
  (RAPS) for use in developing and evaluating air quality simulation models.   In
 addition to  the  Regional Air Monitoring  System (RAMS), data is also collected  by
 research teams in periodic expeditions  to the St. Louis study area.  Data  from
 all sources  are  made available for  integration through the RAPS Data Bar.k.   A
 quality assurance audit of instrument systems employed in the Sunner 1975  RAPS
 Expeditionary Research Program was  conducted to check the various systems  for
 accuracy.  Additionally such checks provide a basis for determining the  extent
 to which data from different instrument  systems may be integrated.  This report
 describes the audit equipment and standards used and problems encountered.
 Quantitative audit results from individual instrument systems are presented.
 The audits included analyzers for NO, NO , O , SO , CO, CH  and THC measurements.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        COSATI I icId/Gioup
      *Air Pollution
      'Measuring instruments
     *Quality  assurance
      Auditing
                                                                            13B
                                                                            14B
                                                                            14A
                                                                            05A
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                              19.
                                             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PA'jES
      44
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS I'fhii page/
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                     22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 O-73)
                                       97

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Plfi"~ 'fad Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO. 2. •
EPA-600/4-76-040 PB-257165
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY:
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY LABORATORY OPERATIONS
7. AUTHORIS)
A.C. Jones
Raymond F. Mindrup, Jr.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Monitoring Center
Rockwell International
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianqle Park, N.C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
July 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA003 26AAI/413
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1081
Task Orders 3, 21, 53
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) is collecting data on a regional
scale for the evaluation and further development of air quality simulation
models. A gas chromatography laboratory is operated to provide analyses for
, selected pollutants required to fully assess various submodels included in air
! quality simulation models. Hydrocarbons and other components of the atmosphere
•are analyzed in support of such studies as: 1) evaluation and- development of
submodels concerned with photo-oxidation reactions and transformations in the
atmosphere; 2} evaluation of emissions inventory submodels; 3) tracking plumes;
and 4) relationship between grid area measurements and grid point measurements.
Specifically, atmospheric samples were analyzed for C -C hydrocarbons, CO,
NO + NO , and total hydrocarbons. Additionally, analytical procedures were
 prepareS and made operational for SO , SF , fluorocarbon -11, and fluorocarbon -
 12. The report describes the preparations and operations of a gas chromatography
 laboratory for analysis of atmospheric samples.  The report includes a work
 plan, chromatographic sampling and analysis schemes, quality assurance tests,
 and air sample bag storage and contamination tests.
•17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
i , DESCRIPTORS
1 *Air pollution
1 *Chemical analysis
' *Gas chromatography
i Chemical laboratories
operations
.is. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
j RELEASE TO PUBLIC
i
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Regional Air
Pollution Study
St. Louis, Mo
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Keport)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATl Held/Group
13B
07D
14B
21. NO. Of PAGES
123
n. PRICE
• PA Form »»n.i
                                    98

-------
PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                        1  A A 0 0 8
                                                        1  A A 0 0 9

                                                        1  A  1  0 0 3
                                                        1  A  1  0 0 8
                                                        110302
OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY
                                                          Studies on the atmospheric
                                       """""•———— processed and effects have been
conducted  to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the sources and sinks,  ki-
netics of  formation and removal, and chemical/physical interactions of airborne gas-
eous and partlculate matter.  This area of research covers; (1)  The development,
evaluation and validation of air quality simulation models for predicting and describ
1ng air quality Impacts anticipated from various control abatement strategies.   (2)
Determination of atmospheric chemical and processes for describing the formation and
decay of gaseous and partlculate air pollutants.  (3)  Quantification of the atmos-
pheric effects of weather, visibility, climate, and materials due to air pollutants.
                                     99

-------
                                   TECHNICAL h'.POHT DATA
                               r mill IHUJIICmint iii/'l< tiiii;!
1  Hi I . Ill I NO
                             2.
                                   PB-251580
•«. ri ILL AND sunm ut
  EFFECTS  OF  GASEOUS POLLUTANTS ON MATEJUALS--
.  A CHAMBER STUDY
7. AUTHOR(S)
  F. H.  Haynie,  J.  W.  Spence and J. 8. Upham
9. PERFORMING OR 'ANI/ATION NAME AND ADORESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency  •
  Research  Triangle Park, N.C.  27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   same  as  block 9
                                                          3. MECIPIf NT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                             5. HEPOH r OATH

                             	Februa.ry_1176	
                             G. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
                             1O. PROGHAM ELEMENT NO.
                                1AA008
                             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           13. TVPI: OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             Inhouse
                                                             EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTtS
16. ABSTRACT            •                                 ~~—'	—~~	~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~^——————
        This document describes a comprehensive laboratory study using specially
  designed controlled environment exposure chambers to assess the  effects  of
  gaseous  air pollutants (sulfur dioxide,  nitrogen dioxide, and ozone) on  a
  variety  of materials.  Materials  included weathering steel, galvanized steel,
  aluminum alloy, paints, drapery fabrics, white sidewall tire rubber, vinyl
  house siding, and marble.  The exposure  experiment was statistically designed
  using a  two-level factorial arrangement  to identify the environmental  factors or
  .combination of factors, or both,  that cause materials damage.  Over 200
  different direct and synergistic  effects were examined.  The study revealed that onl
  22  of the possible effects were statistically significant at better than a  95
  .percent  confidence level.  Sulfur dioxide, relative humidity, and the  interaction
  between  than, were the main factors  causing effects.  A number of empirical function
  were developed that relate materials effects to-various factors.causing  the effects.
  An  exceptionally good relationship was obtained for the corrosion of weathering
  steel.
        The lack of statistical significance that was found for the large majority  of
  .effects  that were studied is equally as  important as the significant effects. As a
  result a large number of material-pollutant combinations may be  excluded from furthe
17.

i.
  KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS

   Experimental design
   *Test chambers
   • Air Pollution
   *Sulfur dioxide
   *Nitrogen dioxide
   *0zone
   *Degradation     *Materials
Statistical
  analysis
                1>.IOENTIFIERS/OPEN L-NDED TERMS
                                                                       C.  COSATI rirld/Uioup
                                                                         14B
                                                                         13B
                                                                         07B
                                                                         14G
                                                                         11
                                                                         12A
1. LMSTHI fiun ON STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SI. CURITY CLASS (This Report!
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                             20. ni cum TY CLASS (Tint pagfi
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                          21. NO. OF PAGES

                                             SSL
                                          22. PRICE
   Form 7220-1 (9-73)
                                       100

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (I'lraic read liiilnic lions on the reverse he fore completing)
i  Rtponr NO.
 EPA-600/3-76-024
                              2.
                    3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                   PB-251671
4. .TITLE ANDSUOTITI.H
  AN  INVESTIGATION  OF  GAS PHASE OZONOLYSIS REACTIONS
                    5. REPORT DATE
                      March 1976
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTiionis)
   David G. Williamson
                    B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERI OMMING OH~ANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Chemistry Department
   California Polytechnic State  University
   San Luis Obispo,  California   93407
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                    _1AA008	
                    1 1. CONTHACT/GRANT NO.
                       Grant No. R-800984
t2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Perk. NC   27711	
                       Final
                     14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                       EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        A simple gas phase  stopped-flow apparatus has been  used to determine
   the rates  and stoichiometry for the reactions of ozone with ethylene,
   propene,  1-butene, methylpropene, cis-2-butene, and trans-2-butene.

        Measurements of  the intensity of  light scattered by aerosols
   generated  by the reaction of ozone with  trans-2-butene and with
   ethylene  were made as  a  function of reaction time and initial reactant
   concentration.
                                 KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
    Air pollution
    Tests
  * Reaction kinetics
  * Stoichiometry
  * Ozonization
  * Alkene hydrocarbons
                                               b.lDENTIFIEFlS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                   c.  COSATI I'icUI/Gruup
                                     13B
                                     14B
                                     07D
                                     07C
 13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
        19, SECURITY CLASS (This ReportI
           UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
  53
        20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

           UNCLASSlFTFn
22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-731
101

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on lite reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO.

  EPA-600/3-76-029
\3     PB-253124
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  SMOG CHAMBER CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                             April  1976
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
1. AUTHORIST
                              8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  Basil Dlmitriades  (Chairman)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and Development*
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. NC  27711	
                                                           tO. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                   1AA008
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. NC  27711	
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            Final  Oct. 24-25,  1974
                               14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA-ORD
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  Smog chamber methodology was reviewed with  respect to Us present status and
  utility 1n developing photochemical pollution  control strategies.  Measurement
  of NO and 03 1n  chamber atmospheres was judged to be satisfactory; measurement
  of N02, non-methane hydrocarbon, and sulfate presented problems.  Surface
  effects and background contamination problems  were minimal 1n large  (hundreds.
  of cubic feet) chambers made of Teflon film.   Compared to Indoor chambers,
  outdoor chamber  operations were less costly and yielded more valid data
  1n some respects.   Specific sets of smog chamber data were used to estimate
  oxldant-related  control requirements for California's South Coast A1r
  Basin.  Such estimates were judged to be more  useful relative to those
  based on aerometrlc data analysis 1n that the  role of NO  ^n oxidant
  formation was considered quantitatively.  Other applications of smog
  chamber methodology In photochemical air pollution research were discussed.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                              COSATI Held/Croup
    A1r Pollution
  * Test chambers
  * Design
  * Reviews
    Evaluation
    Contamination
                                               13B
                                               14B
                                               05B
                                               07E
18. DISTHl

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                  19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/

                    UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (TMl pagej
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
_123_
                                                                         22. PRICE
                                     102

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                                   TECHNICAL MEI'CHT DATA
                            (Please rcadlnilnittions en the ret rrsc before completing)
1. REPORT NO.

   EPA-600/3-76-080
                              2.
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
          PB-258828
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
         SMOG CHAMBER STUDIES ON PHOTOCHEMICAL AEROSOL-
         PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
                                       July 1976
                                   6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTHOR(S)
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
         David R.  Miller and Darrell W.  Joseph
9. PERFORMING ORG "kNIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

         Battelle  Columbus Laboratories
         505 King  Avenue
         Columbus,  Ohio  43201
                                                             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                         1AA008
                                   11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                         68-02-1718
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
         Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory
         Office of Research and Development
         U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
         Research  Triangle Park, NC   27711	
                                   13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                     Final 6/74-8/75
                                   14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                         EPA-ORD
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
                 An experimental program was
         atmospheres containing water vapor,
                     conducted in which controlled
                      CO, N0y (NO + NO?), and  a  constant
         distribution of 17 hydrocarbons (MMHC) were irradiated in a smog
         chamber.   Reaction profiles  were developed for  NO  oxidation, hydrocarbon
         oxidation,  ozone formation,  and aerosol formation  over 10-hour
         irradiation periods.   Comparison of smog chamber results with data
         on  hydrocarbon oxidation  rates  observed in the  Los Angeles area and with
         worst-case  ozone episodes  in that area, suggest that the models
         (precursor  relationships)  developed (in this study) for photochemical
         aerosol  formation are  highly relevant to smog problems in polluted
         atmospheres.
 7.
                                 KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                   DESCRIPTORS
                                                b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
   *Air pollution
    Carbon  monoxide

   *Nitrogen  oxides
   *Hydrocarbons
    Ozone
   *Aerosols
*Test Chambers
*Photochemical
      reactions
                                                 c.  COSATI Picld/Group
13B
07B
07C
07D
143
 43. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                       19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)'
                         UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                           21. NO. OF PAGES
                       2O. SECURITY CLASS (Tillspage)
                         UNCLASSIFIED
                                                  22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                         103

-------
                                 TECHNICAL RtHORT DATA
                                           //.. reverse he/ore completing)
 Hi t'.WI NO.
                            2.
                                 PB-257164
 Tlf AND SUBTITLE
  SPLCTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF PHOTOCHEMICAL  SMOG
  FORMATION AND TRACE POLLUTANT DETECTION
 AUTHORIS)
  Jack G.  Calvert, Walter H. Chan,
  Robert J.  Nordstrom, and John II. Shaw
                                                         3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI^NO.
                                                         5. REPORT DATE
            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  The Ohio State University Research  Foundation
  1314 Kinnear Rd.
  Columbus,  Ohio  43212
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

              1AA008
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
              R-803075
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
              Final 74/75	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
  An infrared Fourier transform spectrometer has been used with  a  long  path length,
  multiple traversal cell  to  study the infrared spectra of atmospheric  gases and
  several pollutant gases.  Solar spectra have also been  obtained  between 3 and
  20 pm wavelength.
  The kinetics of the formation and decay of nitrous acid have been followed by
  monitoring bands of nitric  oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and both cis- and trans-
  nitrous acid.  Rate constants and the equilibrium constant  for the reactions
  have been derived.  A mechanism accounting for the formation of  nitrous acid
  in the atmosphere is  proposed.  These rate data have been used to speculate
  on the potential importance of nitrous acid formation in power plant  and auto
  exhaust plumes.
  A new technique involving the use of infrared spectroscopy  and two cells of
  vnequal length to study a two-component system in equilibrium  is described.
  A six-meter multiple  traversal cell equipped with fluorescent  tubes has been
  constructed.  The cell irradiance closely simulates the solar  irradiance at
'  ground level in spectral distribution and intensity.
7.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
     Air pollution
     Infrared  spectroscopy
     Optical equipment
     Solar  spectrum
     Nitrous acid
     Reaction  kinetics
     Photochemical reactions
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
 Fourier Transform
   Spectrometer
                             COSATI Field/Group
13B
14B
20F
03B
07 B
07D
0?E
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE.TO PUBLIC
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                                                                       21. NO. OF PAGES
                                             2O SECURITY CLASH (This page}
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       22. PRICE
                                    104

-------
                              TECHNICAL HU'ORT DATA
                        (flcaff rcaii luurucliom on ihr rcn-rsc licjarc con\i>li IIIIK)
 REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/3-76-085
                         /.
                                                   '•>. RFCIPIFNT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                              RB-257512
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                    5. REPORT DATE
 CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MODEL AEROSOLS
                                                    6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
 W.E.  Schwart z ,
                                                    8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
                 G.D.  Mendenhall, P.W.Jones
 C.J.  Rip.Kle. A.P.  Graffeo. and  D.F. Miller
                                                      -J.uly._!9_7_6_	
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Battelle-Columbus Laboratories
 505 King  Avenue
 Columbus, Ohio   43201
                                                    10. PROGRAM CLEMENT NO.
                                                    11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                      R801174
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office  of  Research  and Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research  Triangle  P.irk,  NC   27711
                                                    13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PEHIOD COVERED
                                                    Final   6/74   6/76
                                                    14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                         EPA-ORD
S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
       Model aerosols were generated from  the individual hydrocarbons,
 toluene  and  1-heptene,  by irradiation  under simulated atmospheric
 conditions in  the presence of  NO , or  NO /SO,,.   Tho reactions were
                           T         X        X   2
 carried  out  in  a 17.3  mj environmental chamber.   The collected
 aerosols were  subjected to analysis by mass s pc-c t rome t ry  and  clir orna-
 te graphic techniques,  both with  and without chemical derivatization.
 Polyfunctional  oxidation products, including quinones and  carboxylic
 •acid,  were tentatively  identified in the toluene  aerosol.   The 1-hep-
 tene  filtered  aerosol  was shown  to contain condensation products  from
 different 1-heptene molecules.   Tentative identification  of a number
 of  vapor-phase  species  was accomplished  in both  syst.cms.  The  health
 effects  of the  atmospheric oxidation products  from hydrocarbons is
 discussed .
                DESCRIPTORS
                            KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                                         b.lDENTIFIEHS/OPF.N ENOLU TEHMS
  Air  pollution
 * T o 1 u e n e
 *llcptones
 *Ae rosols
 *Environment  Simulation
                   *Photochemical
                      reactions
                   *Chemical analysis
  COSATI I icl(l/Ciroup
  1 3B  '
  07C
  07D
  14B
  07E
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                         19 SECURITY CLASS (IhnKtpon)
                                          UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO or PAGES
    88
                                         20. SECURITY CLASS (Tliispagel

                                          UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                 22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                105

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Itutrucliom on the reverse before completing)
1. R
                              2.
                                   PB-257891
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

   REACTION KINETICS OF  OZONE WITH SULFUR COMPOUNDS
            5. REPORT DATE

              August  1976
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)

   Ronald E. EHckson  and Lei and M. Yates
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
a. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

   Chemistry Department
   University of Montana
   Missoula, Montana   59801
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
               1AA008
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
               R-800655
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research  and Development
   U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

             Final  Report	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

             EPA-ORD   ,
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
        The reaction between ozone, sulfur dioxide, dimethyl  sulfide, methanethiol
   and dimethyl disulfide are reported.

        The rate  of reaction between  ozone and dissolved  sulfur dioxide is
   strongly pH dependent.  These results suggest that under some conditions
   atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide may involve ozone.  Dimethyl
   -ulfide was found to react rapidly with ozone in the gas phase but
   reproducible kinetic data were not obtained.  Stoichiometric and yield data
   from the reaction between ozone and methanethiol or dimethyl disulfide in
   aqueous solution indicate those reactions to be complex  mechanistically,
   although one product, methane sulfonic acid is predominant.
 17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air pollution
  *Reaction  kinetics
  * Ozone
  *Sulfur dioxide
  *Sulfur organic compounds
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TtfHMS
                             COSATI Field/Group
                             13B
                             07D
                             07B
                             07C
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
  69
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (Tttlt page)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                           22. PRICE
 EPA Form aaao-i (9-73)
                                       106

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pli-ase read [uUruclioHS on the reverse before completing)
'' TpA-600/3-76-090 |*' PB-260910
4, TITlk AND SUBTITLE
SUI,I:UR DIOXIDE PMOTOOXIDATION RATES AND AEROSOL
FORMATION MECHANISMS
A Smog Chamber Study
7.AUTKOR1S)
W.C. Kocmond
J.Y. Yang
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Calspan Corporation
Buffalo, NY 14221
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
•Office of Research and Development
•U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO.
5. REPORT DATE
August 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
NA-5365-M-3
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA008
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1231
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The objective of this investigation was to obtain smog chamber data pertaining
to the oxidation of SO into sulfate under simulated urban and rural atmospheric
conditions. Tasks were performed on various systems ranging from HC + NO + SO- to
the clean air + S0_ mix. Emphasis has been placed on the rates of SO photooxidation
and on chemical characterization of aerosol products. Results showed the rate of S00
 oxidation  to  vary from less  than l°o per hour for the  clean. air + SO
                                                          l
                                                            system to about'
 2.7°6 per hour for the propylenc  + NO  + SO  system.   Results were also interpreted to
 suggest that  the major SO- oxidationXprocess is the  reaction of S07 with OH radicals.
 Particulate matter, as occurredin natural rural air,  appeared to have no appreciable
 effect upon S0_ photooxidation;  nevertheless questions  still remain qn the role of
 natural particulates.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  *Air pollution
  *Suflur dioxide
  *Aerosols
   Nitrogen oxides
   Hydrocarbons
  *Sulfates
  *Photochemical reactions
         *0xidation reduction
              reactions
         *Reaction  kinetics
          Test Chambers
                                                           c.  COSATI l-'iclcl/Group
                                  13B
                                  07B.
                                  O7n'
                                  07C
                                  071-
                                  14B
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO
PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS ('lltis Kcport)

	1JNCLASSIEUU)	
20 SECURltY CLASS (Thi\ fH>KC)
        UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. I
                                                                                89
                                                                         22. Pmcr
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9*73)
                                      107

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            /I'lcasf rraJ Instructions on the reverse hi-Jon
 I. FUPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-77-015
	I      PB-26365
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  AEROSOL SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS  -  PHOENIX, ARIZONA
 7. AUTHOR(S)

   Jean Graf,  Richard H.  Snow, and Ronald G. Draftz
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   HT Research Institute
   10 West 35th Street
   Chicago, Illinois  60616
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
   Office of Research and  Development
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park,  NC   27711
                                     3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                     5. REPORT DATE
                                       February 1977
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                     8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
                                     10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                        1AA008 and 28C129
                                     11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                       Grant  R803078
                                       Contract 68-01-3163
                                     13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                        Final 11/75 - 6/76
                                     14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                       EPA-ORD
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT           .                                       	——	
        An atmospheric sampling program was carried out  in  the greater Phoenix,
   Arizona metropolitan  area  in Novemhcr, 1975.  Objectives  of the study were to
   measure aerosol mass  flux  through Phoenix and to characterize the aerosol according
   to particle type and  size.   The ultimate goal of the  study was to determine whether
   the high mass loadings  of  suspended particles recorded  for Phoenix are due to
   human activities within the Phoenix area or to  long range transport from the
   surrounding deserts.

        Microscopic and  chemical, analyses of collected aerosol samples determined that
   minerals are the primary components of the Phoenix aerosol.  The three mineral types
   that compose the bulk of the mass are the primary soil  components in and around
   Phoenix and are also  the primary components of  the aggregate in the asphalt streets
   in Phoenix.  Automobile-related particles ranged from 5%  of the sample mass in
   outlying areas to as  much  as 50% in the central city  on  some sampling dates.  These
   particles consisted of  tailpipe emissions and rubber  tire fragments and correlated
   with the presence of  lead  and bromine in the samples.  The highest concentrations
   of automobile-related particles were found in periods of  inversion at night and in
   thermorning.
 7.
                  DESCRIPTORS
         KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

            	       lUDENTIFIEflS/OPEN KNOED TERMS
   * Air pollution
     Field tests
   * Aerosols
     Transport properties
     Optical microscopy
     X-ray spectroscopy
                         Phoenix, Arizona
                                                                        c.  COSATI I'icM/Uroup
   13B
   141*
   07D
   17H
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                        19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisKfport)
                          UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF
    148
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                  22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     108

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-77-081
2.
       PB-271732
                              3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 REACTIONS  OF ISOPROPOXY  RADICALS WITH NITROGEN OXIDES
                              5. REPORT DATE
                                   August 1977
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
 G. R. McMillan
 M. J. Kaiserman
                              8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Department  of Chemistry
 Case Western Reserve University
 Cleveland,  Ohio   44106
                              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                 1AA008   21AKC21 (FY 74)
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                 R-800659
12. SPONSOHING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
  Office  of Research and  Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park,  North Carolina   27711
                              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                 Final
                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                 EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  Information was sought  concerning reactions of isopropoxy  radicals with nitric
  oxide  and nitrogen dioxide.   Isopropyl  nitrate was photodissociated in the
  presence of oxides of nitrogen and an  inert gas.  The reaction was found to
  be  less  important than  the alkoxy radical  NO reactions.  The ratio of dis-
  proportion to recombination of isopropoxy  and NO was found to be smaller than
  the published value  (0.12 versus  .15).
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                 b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Photochemical. reactions
 •Nitrogen oxides
 *Reaction kinetics
                                               13B
                                               07B
                                               07E
                                               07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                  19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
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35
                                               2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
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                                       109

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read /attractions on the reverse before completing)
       NO.
EPA-6QO/3-77-1Q9a
                             2.
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                                  PB-273-014
 TITLE ANDSU3T1TLE
  EFFECT OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION ON  OXIDANT-
  HYDROCARBOX RELATIONSHIPS  -Phase I.   Exhaust Blends
  from  Non-Catalyst and Catalyst Equipped  Vehicles
                           5. REPORT DATE
                           September 1977
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
  AL.THORIS)
  T.  R.  Powers
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Exxon Research and Engineering Company
   Linden,  New Jersey  07036
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                1AA008
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                68-02-1719
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory-RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park. NC   27711	
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                               EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        Oxidation catalysts  on automobiles not only reduce  the total amount of
  hydrocarbon emissions, but  also change the composition of these emissions
  significantly.  To explore  the effect of this change  on  oxidant formation,
  28 ten-hour irradiations  were carried out in the Exxon Research Environmental
  Chamber.  Fourteen of these irradiations used a hydrocarbon blend representative
  of the non-methane, non-acetylene exhaust hydrocarbon emissions from a non-
  catalyst equipped vehicle,  and 14 used a blend representative of the same
  fraction of the emissions from a catalyst equipped vehicle.  Irradiations were
  carried out at three hydrocarbon-to-nitrogen oxides ratios and with three
  modes of chamber operation, chosen to simulate different meteorological condi-
  tions.

        The results of these experiments indicate that the  composition change due
  to oxidation catalysts will result in a significant alleviation, above that due
  to hydrocarbon concentration change alone, of the local  effects of automotive
  tailpipe emissions.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
      Air pollution
      Hydrocarbons
      Ozone
      Automobiles
      Exhaust emissions
      Catalytic converters
      Oxidation
Test chambers
Irradiation
   13B
   07C
   07B
   13F
   21B
   07A
   14B
1811
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
              UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
   157
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS {Thispage)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form tI«M (9.79)
                                          110

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (I'lease read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
          :.Z7.=lfl9b_._.
 TITLE AMD SUBTITLE
                             2.
                                                           1. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
      PB-273-219
  EFFECT OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION ON  OXIDANT-
  HYDROCARBON RELATIONSHIPS
  Phase II.  Blend  df Total Hydrocarbon Emissions
                                5. REPORT DATF

                                  September  1977
                                6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHORIS)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  T.R. Powers
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Exxon Research  and  Engineering Company
  Linden, New Jersey   07036
                                 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                    1AA008
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             68-02-1719
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory  -  RTP, NC
  Office of Research  and  Development
  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                   Final
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                                     EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  To assess the formation of atmospheric oxidants resulting from  exhaust emitted
  by catalyst-equpped .vehicles,chamber irradiations were conducted using a
  hydrocarbon blend  representing total hydrocarbon emissions  (exhaust, refueling
  and evaporation).  Results were compared with previous irradiation results using
  a  hydrocarbon blend  representing non-methane, non-acetylene exhaust emissions
  from non-catalyst  vehicles or catalyst-equipped vehicles.  The  blend representing
  total  hydrocarbon  emissions produced significantly less oxidants than either of the
  other  two blends.
 7.

1.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *Air  pollution
 *Hydrocarbons
 *0zone
  Automobiles
 *Exhaust emissions
  Catalytic converters
  Oxidation
Test chambers
*Irradiation
                   b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         c.  COSATI Held/Group
13B
07C
07B
13F
21B
07A
14B
18H
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (Tills Report)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO, Of PAGES
                                                      110
                    20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                        UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                          111

-------
                                  TECHNICAL HEPOKT DATA
                           (Please read lauruclions an flic reverse before contiil
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/9-75-008
                             2.
   PB-247699
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 -REPORT ON THE PROBLEM OF HALOGENATED AIR POLLUTANTS
    AND STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
                           5. REPORT DATE
                              December 1975
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTHOR(S)
                                                           I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  ORD and OAWM Staff
). PERFORMING OR~ANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                               1AA008
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  N.C.   27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY,NOTES
  Prepared for and submitted  to the Subcommittee on Public  Health and Environment,
  Committee on Interstate  and Foreign Commerce, House of  Representatives
16. ABSTRACT
       EPA is conducting  a research program on halocarbon  air pollutants and
  their possible  interaction1with stratospheric ozone.   Principal compounds
  under study are fluorocarbon-11, fluorocarbon-12,  fluorccarbon-22, carbon
  tetrachloride,  methyl  chloroform, perchloroethylene,  trichlorocthylene,
  dichloroethane,  methylcnc dichloride, and methyl  chlorido.  Laboratory
  studies concern the rates of decomposition of these .pollutants in the air
  ami the identity and fate of their decomposition  products.  Field studies
  involve measuring concentrations of halocarbons and  their decomposition
  products as functions  of altitude and distance from  sources.  Fluorocarbons
  are discussed  in detail, with regard to emission  sources, current control
  technology, and possible chemical substitutes.  Problems of emissions control
  and EPA's  regulatory authority are reviewed and the  economic impacts of
 "several regulatory options for fluorocarbons are  considered.
 7.
                  OESCHIPTOnS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

              I).IOENTIFICRS/OPEN LUDED TERMS
  * llalohydrocarbons
  * Stratosphere
  * O^one
  * Depletion
    Air pollution
    Problem solving
COSATI I icld/<;rmi|>


07C
04 A
07B
 19 ^lifRIBUTION STATLMENT

     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
               19. SI-CUHI TV CLASS ilhl\

                UNCLASSll;ll:U_
               20 StCURITVcLASS {ftiii

                UXCLASSiniLU
                                                                         71 NO OF PAGES
                                                                        22 PlllCt
con rn.m
                                       112

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Itutmctiuns on the reverse before completing)
1.REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/9-76-007a
                             2.
       PB-259872
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
«.TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 DENVER AIR POLLUTION STUDY  - 1973
 Proceedings of a Symposium.   Volume
                               5. REPORT DATE
                                  June 1976
                               6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7.AUTHORIS)

 Philip A. Russell  (Ed.)
                                                           8, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
(.PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Denver Research Institute
 University of Denver
 Denver, CO  80210
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                  1AA008
                                11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             R-803590
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research  & Development
 U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Final 1/74-6/76
                                14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA-ORD
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

 EPA, university,  and private researchers conducted a study of Denver's urban plume
 during the month  of November 1973.  The objective of the study  was to characterize  the
 pollutants that cause the appearance of the  visible colored haze,  the so called
 "Brown Cloud", which frequently occurs over  Denser during the fall and winter months.
 Gaseous and aerosol pollutants, and meteorological parameters were measured
 periodically under selected conditions.

 In March 1975, a  symposium was held to present and discuss the  results of this
 study.  This report, volume I, contains important research papers  given at the
 symposium.  The papers cover local windflow  patterns; Lidar observations; Aitken,
 cloud, and ice nuclei concentrations; and  hydrocarbon analyses.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                              c.  COSATI Field/Group
 *Air Pollution
  Field tests
 *Aerosols
 *Particles
 *Meteorological data
 *Transport properties
*Hydrocarbons
*Optical radar
Denver, Colorado
13B
14B
07D
04B
07C
17H
18, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                   19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
                    UNCLASSIFIED
                          21. NO. OF PAGES

                            238
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       113

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Insiftictiims on ilic reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
   r.PA-600/9-7 7-001
                             2.
        PB-264216
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 DENVER AIR POLLUTION  STUDY - 1973
 Proceedings of a Symposium.  Volume II
                                5. REPORT DATE
                                 February  1977
                                6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

 Philip A. Russell  (Ed.)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Denver Research Institute
 University of Denver
 Denver, CO  80210
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                  1AA003
                                11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             R-803590
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  &  Development
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Rcscnrch Triangle Park. NC  2771J	
                                13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Final 1/74-6/76
                                14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  EPA,  university, and  private researchers  conducted a study of Denver's  urban plume
  during the month of November 1973.  The objective of the study was  to characterize
  the pollutants that cause the appearance  of the visible colored haze, the so called
.  "Brown Cloud", which  frequently occurs over Denver during the fall  and  winter months.
  Gaseous and aerosol pollutants, i..id meteorological parameters were  measured
  periodically under selected conditions.

  In  March 1975, a symposium was held to present and discuss the results  of this study.
  This  report, Volume II,  contains important  research papers given  at the symposium.
  The papers cover airborne instrument aircraft  characterization, optical properties
  of  the plume and airmass movements in the Denver region.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                   b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED T.ERMS
                           COSATI Field/Group
  *Air Pollution
   Field tests
  *Aerosols
  *Particles
  *Meteorological  data
  ^Transport properties
*Hydrocarbons
Denver, Colorado
13B
14B
07D
04B
07C
17H
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                   19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                       UNCLASSIFIED
                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                           186
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (TMspage)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (fl-73)
            114

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PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                       1  A A  0  0 9
                                                       1  A 1  0  0 3
                                                       1  A 1  0  0 8
                                                       110302
OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY
                                                          Studies on the atmospheric
                                           """"""""' processed and effects have been
conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the sources and sinks,  ki-
netics of formation and removal, and chemical/physical  interactions of airborne gas-
eous and particulate matter.  This area of research covers; (1)  The development,
evaluation and validation of air quality simulation models for predicting and describ
ing air quality impacts anticipated from various control  abatement strategies.   (2)
Determination of atmospheric chemical and processes for describing the formation and
decay of gaseous and particulate air pollutants.  (3)  Quantification of the atmos-
pheric effects of weather, visibility, climate, and materials due to air pollutants.
                                     115

-------
TECHNICAL REPOHT DATA
iricaac read luttniciions on ilie rcti rsc before completing}
1. RtPORT NO.
EPA-600/4- 75-004
2
PB-246215
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE PROPERTIES IN THE LOWEST 30
METERS

7. AUTHOR(S)
A.H. Weber, J.P. Kahler, J



S. Irwin, and W.B. Pete
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, N.C. 27607



12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Meteorology & Assessment Division, ESRL (MD-80)
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
18. ABSTRACT

3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.


5. REPORT.DATf __
D July V975 .
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
65050

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
rsen

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA009
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
800662

13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE





Analyses of atmospheric turbulence data for a nonhomogeneous terrain collected at
the SRL-WJBJ Meteorological Facility at Beach Island, South Carolina, are presented.
Variations of the turbulence parameters are studied within and above the surface
layer.



17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
Turbulence 2004
Atmospheric Diffusion
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
b.lDENTIFI
Atmosp
Proper
300 me
19. SECURI
None
20. SECURI
None
ERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
teric Turbulence
ties-Lowest
ters
TY CLASS (Tills Report)
TY CLASS (This page)
c. COSATI Field/Group
Atmospheric
Diffusion
Atmospheric
Physics
21. NO. OF PAGES
161
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
                                                 116

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           fPlease read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.
  EPA-650/4-75-005
                             2.
                                  PB-256651
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  OBJECTIVE PROCEDURES FOR OPTIMUM LOCATION OF AIR
  POLLUTION OBSERVATION STATIONS
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            June  1975
            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

  C.  Eugene Buell
            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Kaman Sciences Corporation
  P.  0. Box 7463
  Colorado Springs, Colorado  80933
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
              1AA009
             11, CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
              EPA-68-02-0699
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
              Final               	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

              EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 8. ABSTRACT
       This document is concerned with developing  linear regression techniques for
  interpolation of  air pollutant concentrations over an area and, using these
  techniques in a computer program for determining the optimum location of air
  pollution observing stations.  The general  interpolation problem is surveyed and
  the advantages of using linear regression formulas,as interpolation formulas are
  discussed.  The case of observations containing  errors of observation or effects
  of limited range  of influence is emphasized.  Since the use of linear regression
  methods depends on knowledge of the two-point correlation function for pollutant
  concentration measures, the construction of correlation coefficients from
  synthetic data  is taken up.  Attention  is given  to the estimation of residual
  variances or the  effects of limited range of influence, using Factor Analysis.
  In extending these methods to a continuous  formulation in integral equation form,
  the lack of accuracy in the integral equation solution is more important than the
  statistical significance of the data unless the  residual variances are removed.
  If this is done,  then the tests for accuracy and statistical significance are
  reconciled.   If  the user carefully handles  the  residual variances in constructing
  program input,  difficulties encountered in  code  development are avoidable.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                          c.  COSATI Field/Group
   Air pollution
   Linear  regression
   Interpolation
   Factor  analysis
   Optimization
                                 138
                                 12A
 IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

         RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
      UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. O* PAOtS

    215
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
 EPA Farm 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     117

-------
                                   IfcCHNICAL HtHUHl UMIM
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverie before completing)
i  REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/4-7b-006
                             2.
PB-251989
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  DISPERSION FROM TALL STACKS
                                                           I. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
                                                           5. R
                           EPQRT. DATE, _-._
                           October 1975
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Dr. Werner Klug
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Technlsche Hochschule Darmstadt
  61  Darmstadt, Hochschulstr.  1,
  Federal  Republic of Germany
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA009
                         It. CONTHACT/GRANTNO.
13. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park.  North Carolina 27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                               Final	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA-ORD
15.SUPP
  5uppfementsv?rocledings of  5th  Meeting of Expert Panel  on Air Pollution Modeling,
  NATO/CCMS Air Pollution Publication No. 35, August  1974.
16. ABSTRACT
  This  report analyzes data  relating to the atmospheric  dispersion of S02  from the
  TVA Paradise Steam Plant in  Western Kentucky, U.S.A.   Extensive hourly air quality
  measurements for 1971 are  compared with predicted  values, obtained by using the
  well-known steady-state short-term Gaussian plume  model  for dispersion from an
  elevated point-source release.   The comparison  is  in  terms of annual average
 •concentration values and the frequency distributions  of the hourly values  .at five
 -monitoring stations in the vicinity of the electric-power generating plant.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPtN ENDED TERMS
                                         COSATI Ficld/GlOUp
  Air  Pollution
 *Sulfur Dioxide
 *Atmospheric Diffusion
 *Chimneys
  Plumes
  Electric Power Plants
              Gaussion plume model
 13B
 07B
 04A
 13M
 21B
 10B
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Kfport)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                       21. NO. OF PAGES
25
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
                                      118

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.

  EPA-600/4-75-0163
                             2.
PB-253450
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  TURBULENCE  MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION  TO ATMOSPHERIC
  DIFFUSION.   PART I:  RECENT PROGRAM  DEVELOPMENT, •
  VERIFICATION,  AND APPLICATION
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          December  1975
                        9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
T. AUTHOR(S)
  W.  S.  Lev/ell en and M. Teske
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.


                         A.R.A.P.  Report 254, Part  I
9.PERFORMING ORG \NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Aeronautical  Research Associates  of Princeton, Inc.
  50  Washington Road
  Princeton,  New Jersey  08540
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                          1AA009
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                          EPA 68-02-1310
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Interim	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   Issued as Part I of 2 Parts
16. ABSTRACT
        This report details  the progress made at A.R.A.P.  during fiscal year  1975
   towards the goal of developing a viable computer model  based on second-order
   closures of the turbulent correlation equations for  predicting the fate of
   nonchemically reacting  contaminants released in the  atmospheric boundary layer.
   The invariant turbulent model discussed in previous  reports has been further
   .verified by new comparisons between model predictions  and experimental
   observations.  Model capability has been extended  by increasing the dimensions
   of the program to permit  the calculation of two-dimensional, unsteady turbulent
   flow.  A number of practical plume calculations were made and compared with
   standard Gaussian plume assumptions.  Calculations .are also made for comparison
   with the complementary  turbulent models being developed at The Pennsylvania
   State University and Flow Research, Inc.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
           b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI 1-rclU/Gioup
   * Turbulence
   * Turbulent flow
   * Turbulent diffusion
   * Atmospheric diffusion
   * Boundary layer
   * Air pollution
   * Mathematical models
                                           12A
                                           20D
                                           04A
                                           13B
                                           14G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

        RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
                UNCLASSIFIED
21. .MO. OF PAGES

  86
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220>1 <»-73)
                                     1119

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing
 1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/4-75-016b
2.
     PB-253451
                              3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  TURBULENCE MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION TO ATMOSPHERIC
  DIFFUSION.   PART II:  CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE USE OF
  INVARIANT MODELING
                              5. REPORT DATE
                                December 1975
                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
1. AUTHOR(S)

  W. S. Lewellen  and M. Teske
                              8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                               A.R.A.P. Report 254,  Part II
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
  Aeronautical  Research Associates of  Princeton, Inc.
  50 Washington Road
  Princeton, New Jersey  08540
                                                              1AA009
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                EPA 68-02-1310
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                Interim
                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

  Issued as Part  II of 2 Parts
16. ABSTRACT
       A method  for the calculation  of turbulent shear flows based on closure of
  the equations  for second-order  correlations of fluctuating quantities  is
  reviewed.   Various model possibilities for closure  are described and detailed
  evaluation  of  coefficients for  a simple model is  outlined.  Comparisons of
 _model predictions and experimental  data for a wHe  variety of laboratory
  and atmospheric flows are presented.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI field/Group
  * Turbulence
  * Turbulent flow
  * Atmospheric  diffusion
  * Mathematical models
                                                  12A
                                                  20D
                                                  04A
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
       RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                            21. NO. OF PAGES

                                              55
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                            22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                      120-

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (I'leasc reed fnUruclioits on the reverse before completing)
I. RIPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-76-002
                             2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                        	PB-251696
4'TMdDEALTNGU oT TCHE EFFECTS OF  POLLUTANTS AND DISPERSION
   IN  URBAN ATMOSPHERES
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHORISI
   R.  Viskanta, R. W. Bergstrom,  Jr., and R. 0.  Johnson
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                                          February 1976 '(Issuing  Date)
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Purdue Research Foundation
   West Lafayette, IN  47907
                                                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                          P.E.  1AA009  (ROAP  26AAS)
                                                         II.XXWXHKKX/GRANT NO.


                                                           R801102
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
   Office of Research  and  Development
   U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                          Final 6/1/71 -  1/31/75
                                                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                          EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        The short-term effects of radiatively participating  pollutants upon the  thermal
   structure and dispersion in an urban  atmosphere were studied by constructing  one-
   and two-dimensional transport models  for the planetary  boundary layer.  Special
   attention was focused on the interaction of solar and thermal radiation with
   gaseous and particulate pollutants  as well as natural atmospheric constituents.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
   Meteorology
  *Air  pollution
  *Atmospheric diffusion
  *Mathematical  models
   Boundary layer
  *Solar  radiation
  *Thermal  radiation
                                               b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                          COSATI I icId/Group
                                                                         04 B
                                                                         13B
                                                                         12A
                                                                         20D
                                                                         03B
                                                                         20M
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF
                                                                               123
                                            20. SECURITY CLASS (Thit page}
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
                                    : 1-21

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the rcvene Itcfore completing)
i. nrponi NO.                   12.
 _EPA-600/4-76-007          |      PB-252506
4. TITLl AND SUHTITLE
   SPECTRAL MODELING OF  ATMOSPHERIC FLOWS AND
   TURBULENT DIFFUSION
            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.


            6. Ml I'OMT DATE

               January 1976
            8. PtHFOnMINO OROANI/AllilN CODE
  AUTMORISI

   Arthur Bass, Steven  A.  Orszag
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Flow Research,  Inc.   (N.E. Division)
   1  Broadway
   Cambridge, MA   02142
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
               1AA009
             117 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
               EPA 68-02-1297
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research  and Development
   U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
               Final
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
               EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 6. ABSTRACT
        This  report  presents a survey  of  discrete spectral and  pseudospectral
   numerical  methods to simulate atmospheric flow and turbulent diffusion.
   Some applications of these methods  to  air quality simulation modeling are
   presented.  A  three-dimensional  spectral  incompressible numerical  model is
   described  in detail.  Computational  resource limitations  precluded successful
   evaluation of  eddy Austauch coefficients.  Some numerical  results  are presented
   for the  rate of relaxation of anlsotroplc flows.

        Recommendations and suggestions for  further research  are made concerning
   the prospective utility of these spectral methods for air  quality  simulation
   modeling.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                  DESCRIPTORS
   * Numerical  analysis
     Turbulence
   * Turbulent  diffusion
     Air  flow
     Air  pollution
     Environmental simulation
   * Mathematical models	
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                             COSATI Mold/Croup
                                 12A
                                 20D
                                 04A
                                 13B
                                 14B
'14. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
           RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (Tltix Report)

 '   UNCLASSIFIED	
21. NO. OF PAGES

     151
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
 CPA Perm 2220-1 (*-73)
                                         122

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TECHNICAL UEPORT DATA
(I'lease read /Hitruclions on tlie reverse before cumpti-iiiix)
(.REPORT NO. |2.
EPA/600/4-76-009 ' PB-251723
I.TITLE AND SUBTITLE"
MOBILE LIDAR STUDY OF THE LOS ANGELES MIXING
LAYER
|. AUTHOR(S)
David T. Liu
1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
System Innovation & Development Corp
707 Silver Spur Road, Suite 202
Rolling Hills Estates, CA 90274*
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
Fphrn^ry 1 Q7fi
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA009
1 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1305
13. TVPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
1
Lidar data tapes are a part of the LARPP data archive.
 .ABSTRACT
     This program was  conducted in support of  the  Los Angeles Reactive •
Pollutant Program  (LARPP),  jointly sponsored by  the Coordinating
 .esearch Council and  the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  A
  bile Lidar system,  mounted in a van, was used  to depict the temporal
[and spatial variations of the mixing depth over  the Los Angeles Basin,
 uring the LARPP field tests in the fall of 1973.   Lidar
 rofiles are interpreted and compared to vertical  temperature and
 loisture profiles measured by helicopter and standard meteorological
sounding techniques.   Lidar echo anomalies are classified into mixing
layer height or significant levels based on backscatter slop evaluation
The qualitative aspects of each backscatter signature, are used in
describing the nature  and altitude of inversion  bases, moisture
layers, stratus and fog layers.
                          KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
              DESCRIPTORS
Boundary Layer
Optical radar
                                      h.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Held/Group
    Los  Angeles Basin
  20D
  17H
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
21. NO. OF PARES
      238
                                      20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                            22. PRICE

                               123
                                             LACCTPiun

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                                  1P.CIINICAI. REPORT DATA
                           (I'li'mc trail liiuriirimni <-n tin- rciriu* lic/un' r
>. uii'OM l NO.
 K1'A-f>00//4-7G-()16 a
                             2.
PB-257526
.1. TITLC AND suoTiTLfc CONTINUED RF.SEARCII  IN  MESOSCALE AIR
POLLUTION S1MUALTION MODELING.    VOLUME I.   Assessment
of Prior Model Evaluation Studies and  Analysis of Model
Va_lid ity and Sensitivity	'
7. AUTHORlS)
  U.K. LIU, D.C. WHITNEY,  J.ll.  SEINFELD," AND P.M. ROTH
9. PERFORMING OPC >NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  SYSTEMS  APPLICATIONS,  INC.
  950 NORTHGATE  DRIVE
  SAN RAFAEL,  CALIFORNIA  94903
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
   OFFICE OF  RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
   RESEARCH.TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. 27711
                                                           MECIPIF.NVS ACCUSSION-NO.
                         nrPORT DATE
                          May  J976
                         PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                        . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                         EF75-23
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                         1AA009.
                        11. CON7HACT/GHANT NO.
                          68-02-1237
                        13. TYPE OF RCPOUT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          FINAL  REPORT 6/74-6/75	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
            This report summarizes three  independent studies:  an analysis of prior
 evaluative studies of three mesoscale  air  pollution prediction models (two trajectory
 models and one grid model), an examination of the extent of validity of each type of
 model, and an analysis of  the sensitivity  of  grid model predictions to changes  in the
 magnitudes of key input variables.   The  analysis of prior studies showed that  the three
 models evaluated generally reproduced  measured ground-level pollutant concentrations
 with less than acceptable  accuracy.  This  outcome is the result partly of problems  of
 inadequacies in the models themselves  and  partly of the nonrcpresentativeness  of  the
 measurement data.  In the  validity  study,  the results indicate that numerical  diffusion
 can introduce significant  error  in  the grid model, whereas  neglect of wind shear  and
 vertical transport are most detrimental  in the trajectory approach.  The sensitivity
 analysis assessed the change  in  magnitude  of predicted atmospheric pollutant concen-
 trations due to variations in wind  speed,  diffusivity, mixing de.pth, radiation inten-
 sity, and emissions  rate.  The  results of  the sensitivity analysis showed  that varia-
 tions in these key input variables  influence predictions according to the  following
 order of decreasing  influence:   wind speed, emissions rate, radiation intensity,  mix-
 ing depth, vertical  diffusivity, and horizontal diffusivity.  Moreover,  the  responses
 of CO and N0~  tend to vary linearly with the meteorological and emissions  parameters,
whereas those of NO and 0_ tend to1 be nonlinear.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
.1. DESCRIPTORS
*Air Pollution Verifying
*Photochemical Reactions
*Reaction Kinetics.
*Nutnerical Analysis
*Mathcmatical Models
^Atmospheric Models
*Sensitivity
IS. DISTHIUUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC

>.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENOCO TERMS







19. StCUHITY CLASS (Tllis Hr/lOrll
UNCLASSIFIED - . : •
20:SECURITY CLASS (IHispagc) •
UNCLASSIFIED
. COSATl Held/Group
13B
07E
07D
12A
1/4B
1AG

21. NO. OF PAGES
, 246
22. PRICE

  EPA Form 2220-1 (9-71)
                                      124

-------
  m ruin no.
  l-;j'A-6oq/ft-7f>-nifih         |      PB-257527
  T~m.L'" (;()V!TJNi:KI) KKSEAttUI Ill MKSOSCALlf A) K " I'OI.I.UT ION'
        SIMULATION MODEl.lNf;.  VOLUME II.   Knf Inemcntsi
        jn  the Treatment of Chemistry, Meteorology,
	and  Numerical Integration I'ruce.durcs	
         '
 2. SPONSOPING AGUNCY NAME AND ADOIU SS

 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES  RESEARCH LABORATORY
 OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND  DF.VELOPHENT
 U.  S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
UU&EAKSII TKIMLL.E-IMK.  N.C.  7.7711	
(I'!' »\f /('«!/ I
   	
                                           i. nr.i'onr DATA
                                         i. on i.i' n-\-(i/
                                            AGtNCY CODE
                                  EPA-ORD
 5. SUPCUtMtNTAHY NOTES
 C. ABSTRACT
        This report  describes the refinement of n mesoscalo.  pbotochomical air  quality
  simulation model  through studies of  selected chemical and  meteorological phenomena
  that contribute  to air pollution.  The  chemistry activities  focused on the. design of
  an automatic computer program for  evalunting kinetic mech.inirsniP, the improve.menl: of
  a  phoLoc.l»pmical  mechanism for incorporation in me so n ca In models, and the development
  of a chemical mechanism for describing  SO^ oxidation.   The meteorology studies ex-
  amined the sensitivity of the model  to  the inclusion of wi.nd shear, algorithms for
  deriving mass-consistent wind fields,  and the treatment of turbulent di.Cfusivities
  and elevated inversion layers.  Alternative numerical  techniques for solving the
  advection/diffusion equation in grid models are evaluated, including various finite
  difference, particlc-in-coll, and  finite element methods,  in an attempt  to  find a
  suitable methodology for accurately  calculating the horizontal  transport of  pollu-
  tants.  Finally,  the report considers the problem  of multlday model usage  and pre-
  sents results from a two-day CO simulation for  the Los  Angeles  basin.
  7.
 I.                 OCSCmiMOHS
  *Air Pollution
  *Phoiocl>cmi.cal Reactions
  ^Reaction Kinetics
  ^Numerical Analysis
  '''Mathematical Models
  "''Meteorological Data
     KEY WOMLV; ANO l>OCUMI-Nr ANALYSIS
                    i.ioLNiii irni;/ori.N i NOI=U r tit MS
                                                                           COSATI I'ictll/CiKUIp
                                                                          Tin
                                                                           07E
                                                                           07D
                                                                           12A
                                                                           1AB
 13. DISrulHUTION ST AT EMI NT

   RELEASE TO PUDLIC
                                              19. SLCUWTV CLASS (Hlil :
                                              _.i_L!NCJ' A-i ?ir T r-P	
                                              20. SECulllTY CLASS '(This'
                                                1INCI.ASSTFTF.D
                                               21. NC3. Of- I'AGLS
                                                 "287
                                                                           22. rnicu
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
          125

-------
                                   TECHNICAL liEI'OKT DATA
                                ri'itil linn lift lint* <••/ ('•'• ici •«•««• hr/urr t unii'lt ii
 MU'OHT MO
  EPA- 600/4-2^016 C
      AND S\JBTITLE~~

     J-257528
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCES3IOt*NO.
                 CONTINUED RESEARCH JN Ml SOSCAI.E AIR
POLLUTION SIMULATION  MODELING.  VOLUME  111.   Modeling
in  Microscale Phenomena
                           5. HtPOHT DATE
                            _May  1976"
                            iT?EHF0HMING ORGANizAflON CODE
, AUTHOH(S)
   ROBERT G. LAMB.
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                                              EF75-25
. PLHFOMMING OOG \NI2ATION NAMK AND ADDRESS
SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS,  INC.
950 NORTHGATE DRIVE
SAN RAFAEL, CALIFORNIA  9A903
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            __LAAQ09	
                            11. CONTHACT/GHANT NO.
 3. SPONSORING AGENCY NAMU ANC)
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
 OFFICE OF RESEARCH  AND DEVELOPMENT
 U.  S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH TIU.ANr.Li; PARK, N. C. 27711
                              68-02-1237
                            13. TYPE OF RHPORT ANO PERIOD COVI HLU
                              FINAL REPORT  6/74-6/75
                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                 EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTtS
16. ABSTRACT
      This report  develops mathematical  techniques that  influence tliu -.ie
 of urban air pollution but are not  resolvable by grid networks used in airsho»
 simulation models.   These phenomena include turbulence-generated fluxes of pollutants,
 turbulence-induced  fluctuations in  the  contaminant concentrations, and subgrid-scale
 variations in  the mean concentration distribution.  In  addition, the report  examines
 the problem of  resolving the spatial details that exist in the mean concentration
 fields in the  vicinity of point and line sources.  The  analysts concludes with a
 (I fs cuss ion of  the problem of accounting for pollutant dispersion effects  cause by
 buoyancy forces in  hot stack exhausts.
7.
                  DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

              l>.IDENTIFmHS/OI'uN LNULD TLKMi
 *Alr Pollution
 '•Mathematical Models
 ^Atmospheric Diffusion
 ^Chemical  Reactions
  COSATI I lcl«l/(iM.ll|.

   13B
   14B
   O/i A
   07D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
               19. SLCURITY CLASS (Hits Report)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
     245
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       126

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (rteosr read fiiuructions tin the reverse before completing)
       NO.
   j-A-600//i-76-016 d
                             2.
PB-257525
  ,;7lcANOsuoTiTLE CONTINUj7D  RESEARCH IN MESOSCALE AIR
 j-.ULUTlON SIMULATION MODELING.   VOLUME IV.  Examination
 t,f the Feasibility of Modeling  Photochemical Aerosol
  T.  N.  JERSKEY AND J. H. SEINFELD
' "Yl ni OKMING OHG "VNIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
j SYSTEMS ATPLICATIONS, INC.
 950 NCRTHCATE DRIVE
 SAN RAFAEL, CALIFORNIA   94903
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                       5. REPORT DATE
                           May 1976
                       6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                                              EF75-26
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA009
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                           68-02-1237
 ; SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES  RESEARCH LABORATORY
 OFFICE OF RESEARCH  AND  DEVELOPMENT
 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL.PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C.   27711
                        13. TYPE OF RKPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          FINAL REPORT   6/74-6/75
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                          EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
1C. ABSTRACT
         A mathematical model of the dynamics of  photochemical aerosols should include
emissions of primary particulates and gaseous precursors of secondary aerosols, homo-
geneous nucleation,  heterogeneous condensation, heterogeneous chemical reaction,
coagulation, advection, diffusion, settling, and  deposition on surfaces.  This report
discusses the  theory of each of these processes and  assesses the relative importance
of each in shaping  the volume distribution of photochemical aerosols.  The authors
conclude that  in  Los Angeles photochemical smog heterogeneous condensation is the
principal mechanism for changes of the volume distribution in the accumulation size
range, though  homogeneous nucleation can be important  under certain conditions for
forming very small  particles (less than 100 A diameter).  Coagulation must be con-
sidered in reshaping the size distribution of emissions and in reducing the number of
particles formed  by homogeneous nucleation.  An in-depth assessment is also presented
of the pathways for the formation of aerosol material  from the gas phase via homogen-
eous and heterogeneous chemistry.  Finally, the equations governing the evolution of
the photochemical aerosol are derived and simplified on the basis of ordcr-of-magnitude
calculations of the individual terms, and various equations for different properties
of the aerosol are  derived and discussed.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                     C.  COSATI I'icld/GlOUp
 *Air Pollution
 ^Mathematical Models
 ^Photochemical Reactions
 ^Aerosols
                                       13B
                                       12A
                                       07E
                                       07D
18. UISTHIUUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGtS
  156
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispagcj
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
                                      127

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            {Please read Inurucrions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.

-EPA-6QQ/4-76-021
                              2.
PB-262540
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION«NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 A NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STABLY
 STRATIFIED FLOW AROUND COMPLEX TERRAIN
                         5. REPORT OAT5
                           May  1976
                         3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHQR(S)
 J,  J.  Riley, H. T. Liu and E.  W. Geller
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                           Flow  Research Report No. 58
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Flow  Research, Inc.
  1819  South Central Avenue
  Kent,  Washington   98031
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            1AA009
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-1293
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Researcn and  Development
  U.  S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  NC   27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final  Report. 5/74-3/75
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA  -  ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       A computer program was developed to  compute three-dimensional  stratified
  flow around complex  terrain for the case  of very strong stratification  (small
 .internal Froude number).   Laboratory experiments were performed  for strongly
 'stratified flow past three different terrain models for comparison.   The computed
  results are In fair  agreement with the experiments for the cases of two simpler
  terrain models.  The discrepancies are probably attributable to  the separated
  wake in the lee of the models.  The agreement was not as good for  the case of
  the more complex terrain.  Possible sources of error are di.scussed in some detail.
17.
                                KSY WORCS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                  DESCRIPTORS
            b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED 75RMS  1C.  COSATI Field/Group
  ^Mathematical models
  *Plumes
  *Stratif1cat1on
  *Terra1n
  *A1r pollution
                                             12A
                                             21B
                                             14G
                                             08F
                                             13B
13. SISTRiauTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS / ThU Report)

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                            41
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS {Thispage)

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
                                      128

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           iP'tase resd Inuruc'.ioru on ti:t revem before conplerint}
       NO.
  EPA-600/4-76-Q22
                             2.
                                   PB-262541
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION^NO.
         SUBTITLE
  PLUME DISPERSION  IN  STABLY STRATIFIED FLOWS  OVER
  COMPLEX TERRAIN

  Phase 2    	
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            May 1976
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COO6
 AUTHORISI
  H.  T.  Liu and J.  T.  L1n
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
                                                            Flow Research Report  No.  57
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Flow Research,  Inc.
  1819 South Central Avenue
  Kent, Washington   98031
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                            1AA009	
                                                           1 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-1293
12: SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND AOOR6SS
 •Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office  of Research and  Development
 U.  S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Researcn Triangle Park,  NC    27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVS^EO

                                                            Final  Reoort.  5/7&-.1/75	
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY COOS
                                                            EPA --ORD
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
13. ABSTRACT
     •  Laboratory  experiments were conducted in a stratified  towing tank to
  investigate plume  dispersion  in stably stratified flows.  First,  plume dispersion
  over an idealized  terrain model with  a simulated elevated inversion in the
  atmosphere was investigated.  These resu'ts were compared with  those of experiments
 'previously conducted under simulated  ground inversions.  Second,  plume dispersion
 -in l-layer stably  stratified  flows over a realistic terrain was  also modeled.  The
  plume dispersion patterns showed a strong interaction between the stratified flow
  and the rugged terrain features.  Third, plume dispersion during  inversion breakup
  was simulated.   Results indicated that as soon as the convective  layer built to
  reach the plume, pollutants were stirred and carried to  the ground.
17.
                                KEY WORDS MNO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
J.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIrl£9S/OPSN ElMOcS T=SMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
  *Tests
  *Plumes
  *Acmospheric  diffusion
  *Stratificat1on
  ^Terrain
   Air pollution
                                                                               143
                                                                               21B
                                                                               04A
                                                                               14G
                                                                               08F
                                                                               138
 3. Oli7«liauTICN STAT5.V1ENT


  RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLA3S iTHuRtporti
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO.
      56
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Tins pagtl
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22. PRICE
CPA form 2220-1 (»-'3l
                                      129

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA i
(I'lease read fnniniciiuns on llic reverse licforc completing)
\ HI TOUT NO.
EPA-600/4-76-025
2.
PB-255819
4. Tlttl ANOSUflTITLE
CALCULATED ACTINIC FLUXES (290 - 700 run) FOR AIR
POLLUTION PHOTOCHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
1. AUTMOn(S)
James T. Peterson
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Prot .ction Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
17. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Aqency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
June 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA009
1 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED i
In-House \
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE j
EPA - ORD
\
i
jj
	 — 	 i
        Calculations  are  presented of the actinic (spherically  integrated)  solar
   flux  from 290 to 700 nm at solar zenith angles between 0 and 86  .   The calculated
   values are obtained by using a radiative transfer program  (developed  by Dave)
   that  accounts for  molecular scattering, ozone absorption,  and aerosol  scattering
   and absorption.  Input data consists of aerosol size distribution,  aerosol
   number and ozone concentrations as a function of height, aerosol  index of
   refraction, and the following as a function of wavelength:   ozone  absorption
   coefficient, molecular scattering coefficient, solar constant, and  surface
   reflectivity.  The calculated actinic flux values are evaluated  for their
   dependence on variations of surface reflectivity, aerosol  amount,  ozone
   amount and station elevation.  The variation of the actinic  flux with altitude
   above the surface  is discussed with emphasis on the change  through  the lowest
   kilometer of the atmosphere.  Finally, the flux values presented  here are
   compared to those  of Leighton (1961); the differences in the methodology and
   Input data between the two studies are illustrated.  These  calculated actinic
   flux  data are useful for estimating photodissociation rate  constants  for
   application to photochemical air pollution problems.
i.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
•                 DESCRIPTORS
 *Air pollution
 *Solar radiation
  Radiant flux density
  Computation
 *Aerosols
 *Photochemical reactions
 'Reaction kinetics
.Atmospheric models
I. biftfTlBbTION SI
l>.IDENTIFIERS/OPrN ENDED TERMS
                          C.  COSATI I il'Id/Cjump

                           13B
                           03B
                           20F
                           12A
                           07D
                           17E
                           14B   '
            ifATSMENT
  .RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                            19. SFCURITY CLASS (Tltis Kepart)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                           21. NO. OF PAGES
                              63
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       22. PRICE
t»A f*tm 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     130

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (I'leate read Inunctions on the reverse before completing}
                                  PB-261446
 REPORT NO.                   2.
 EPA-600/4-76-029a	
 T.TLEANDSUBT.TLE EMPIRICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING  AIR
.QUALITY  AND METEOROLOGICAL  DATA.   Part I.  The  Role  of
 Empirical  Methods in Air Quality and Meteorological
 Analyses       	;	'
 AUTHOR(S)
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                           July 1976
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 W.S.  Meisel
                                                           TSC-PD-132-2
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Technology Service  Corporation
 2811 Wilshire Boulevard
 Santa Monica, California  90403
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                           1AA009
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           EPA 68-02-1704
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research  and  Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                           Final  May  74-Dec 75
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                           EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 This is the  first of three reports examining the potential  role  of state-of-the-art
 empirical  techniques in analyzing air  quality and meteorological  data.
6. ABSTRACT
      Empirical  methods have  found  limited application in  air quality and
 meteorological  analyses, largely because of a lack of good  data and the large
 number  of  variables in most  applications.  More and better  data, along with
 advances in  methodology, have  broadened the applicability of empirical approaches.
 This report  illustrates the  types  of problems for^which  creative empirical
 approaches have the potential  for  significant contributions.  The results of two
 'pflot projects  are reported  in some detail.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air pollution
  *Meteorological data
  *Atmospheric diffusion
  ^Mathematical models
  *Environment simulation
                                              b.lDENTJFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C. COSATI Held/Group
                                                                               13B
                                                                               04B
                                                                               04A
                                                                               12A
                                                                               14B
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Rcp
                                                                         21 NO. OF PAGES
                                                                               73
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         32. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-731
                                     131

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-76-029b
                             2.
PB-261447
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 ,. TITLE ANDSU'BTITLE  EMPIRICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING AIR
 QUALITY AND  METEOROLOGICAL DATA.
 Part II.   Feasibility Study of a Source-Oriented
 Empirical  Air Quality Simulation Model	
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          June  1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 W. S. Meisel
 M. D. Teener
                          TSC-PD-132-3
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Technology Service Corporation
 2811 Wilshire  Boulevard
 Santa Monica,  California  90403
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA009
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           EPA 68-02-1704
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final   Mav 74-Dec 75	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 This is  the second of three reports  examining the potential  role  of state-of-the-
 art empirical  techniques in analyzing  air quality and meteorological  data1.
16. ABSTRACT
      Meteorological dispersion  functions in multiple-source  simulation models
 for urban  air quality are usually  specified on the basis of  data from special field
 experiments,  usually involving  isolated sources.  In the urban  environment, indi-
 vidual  sources cannot be isolated.   One may, however, ask  for a source-receptor
 relationship  which, when summed (or integrated) over all the sources, would
 minimize the  average squared error in  prediction of measured values.   The feasi-
 bility  of  this approach is demonstrated by application to  model-generated data,
 where the  source-receptor relationship is known.
17.

a.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *  Air pollution
 *  Meteorological data
 *  Atmospheric diffusion
 *  Mathematical models
 *  Environmental simulation
           b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Held/Group
                                           13B
                                           04B
                                           04A
                                           12A
                                           14B
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!

            	UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
    66
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This pagt)

                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (S-73)
                                      132

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (f'tcasc read Inuructwm on ilie reverse before completing)
 .REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-76-029C
PB-261448
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                 EMPIRICAL TECHNIQUES  FOR ANALYZING AIR
 QUALITY  AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA.
 Part  III.   Short-Term Changes  in  Ground-Level Ozone
 Concentrations:   An Empjrjcal  Analysis	
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          June  1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGA-NIZATION CODE
 AUTHOHISI
 Leo  Breiman
 William S.  Meisel
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                          TSC-PD-132-1
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Technology Service Corporation
 2811  Wilshire Boulevard
 Santa Monica, California 90403
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA009
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                          EPA 68-02-1704
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina 27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final	May 74-Oct 75
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  This is the last of three  reports examining the  potential  role of state-of-the-
  art empirical techniques  in analyzing air quality  and meteorological data.
 C AQCTOA/-T
16. ABSTRACT
       An empirical analysis of ambient air quality data for the Los Angeles  Basin
  is used to relate the  one- and two-hour changes  in oxidant levels in  the  urban
  environment to the  preceding levels of precursor pollutants and to meteorological
  variables.  The intent was to demonstrate the  feasibility of developing  a set of
  empirical difference equations for the production of oxidant over time.   The
  main variables determining one- and two-hour oxidant changes were identified
  using nonparametric regression techniques.   A  model for the oxidant changes was
  developed using nonlinear regression techniques.  The implications of the model are
  discussed.
 17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  * Air pollution
  * Ozone
  * Meteorological  data
  * Regression  analysis
    Empirical equations
  * Mathematical models
                                              h.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c. COSATI l-icUI/Group
                                             13B
                                             07B
                                             04B
                                             12A
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
         Jl

         'RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}

            	UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
73
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     133

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunctions on the reverse bejttrc eomplethix)
 I. PEPORT NO.
 EPA-600  /4-76-03Ua	
                             2.
PB-257893
 •.TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                   ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION PARAMETERS IN
 GAUSSIAN PLUME MODELING.  Part I.  Review of Current
 Systems and Possible Future Developments
                        3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                        5. REPORT DATE
                               July 1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
I. AUTHOR (SI

    A. H. Weber
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    Department of  Geosciences
    North Carolina State University
    Raleigh, North Carolina  27607
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1AA009
                         II. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
    Office of  Research and Development
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park. North Carolina  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT ANn PFFUQO COVERED
                                                           In-house    Sept. 75 - Mar.  76
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

         A recapitulation of the Gaussian plume model  is presented and Pasquill's
    technique  of assessing the  sensitivity of this model is given.  A number  of
    methods  for  determining dispersion parameters in the Gaussian plume model
    are reviewed.  Comparisons  are  made with the Pasquill-Gifford curves presently
    used in  the  Turner Workbook.  Improved methods resulting from recent
    investigations are discussed, in an introductory way for Part II of this  report,
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
    Air pollution
   ^Atmospheric diffusion
   *Wind  (meteorology)
   *Plumes
   *Mathemntical models
           b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
               Gaussian plume
  COSATI Field/Group
   13B
   04A
   04B
   21B
   12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

          RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (TMt Report}
               UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO OF PAGES

  69
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22: PRICE
                                     134

-------
                                  TECHNICAL FIEPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inunctions an the reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
                             2.
                                  PB-258036
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 EPA-6QO/4-76-Q30h
 JITLEANOSUBT.TLE  ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION  PARAMETERS IN
 "GAUSSIAN  PLUME  MODELING.  Part  II.   Possible
 Requirements-for Change in the  Turner  Workbook Values
                     5. Rf PORT DATE
                     6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

 F. Pasquill
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Meteorology and Assessment  Division
 Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory
 Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                       1AA009
                     11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
2,SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                     13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                       In-house  Jan  - Mar 1976
                     14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                       EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT

       The basis of  the  original  Pasquill-Gifford curves  used in the Turner Workbook
  is  restated and consideration given to those features of the curves which are now
  regarded as specially  questionable.

       Data on crosswind spread from various  field  tests  are reviewed to emphasize
 :the useful working  relation which holds between Oy  and  the standard deviation of
  the wind direction  fluctuation.  Some new trial calculations of vertical spread
  are carried out in  the light of recent work using the gradient-transfer approach,
  recent similarity  analyses, new observational  data  on the structure of turbulence
  in  the convective  boundary layer, and Deardorff's modeling of the mixed layer.

       Recommendations are made concerning the use  of wind direction fluctuation
  data for estimating Oy,  for various adjustments and constraints to be applied as
  an  interim measure  to  the existing oz curves,  and for continuing work required
 'in  the progress toward a final  revision of  the Workbook.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                   C. COSATI I-'icld/Cjroup
  Air pollution
 *Atmospheric diffusion
 *Wind (meteorology)
 *P1 umes
 *Mathematical models
          Gaussian  plume
    13B
    04A
    04B
    21B
    12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

      RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
         19. SECURITY CLASS (This Keporl)
              UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAObS

   53
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS ft His page)
                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (J-73J
135

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             lfOic trail Imtruciiimt on the reverse /'r/ivr c
i. REPOnr NO.
 £PA-600/4-76-031
                             2.
PB-256649
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
I. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 PRECIPITATION SCAVENGING OF  FOSSIL-FUEL EFFLUENTS
                       5. REPORT DATE
                         June 1976
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 M.  Terry Dana, Dennis R.  Drewes, Donald W. Glover,  and
 Jeremy M.  Hales	
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories
  Battelle Boulevard
  Richland, Washington   99352
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                         1AA009
                       11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             68-02-1729
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research &  Development
 Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711	
                       13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final 6/24/74-11/28/75
                       14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                         EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       A numerical model  for predicting t!ie  precipitation scavenging of reactive pollu-
  tants from pov*er plant  plumes has been developed.   The model, called SMICK (Scavengin
  Model Incorporating  Chemical Kinetics),  calculates collection, liquid-phase chemical
  reaction, and desorption, if any, of multiple plume-bound pollutants as  they interact
  with falling raindrops  and are ultimately  deposited on the surface.  Calculations
  for any specific aqueous-phase kinetics  mechanism can be performed with  the model
  by expressing the mechanism in appropriate sub-routine form.  The model  has been
  tested against  field experiment data.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
I.
                  DESCRIPTORS
          b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C. COSATI Field/Croup
  *Scavenging
  *Raindrops
  *Mathematical Models
   Reaction Kinetics
   Electric Power  Plants
                                       13H
                                       04B
                                       12A
                                       07D
                                       108
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
          19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
           UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
  105
                                              2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-7J)
                                      136

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                                   HUTMHunt an i'ir rnr/v In-
     • so.
EPA:600/4-7G-037
                                  PB-258310
4.TIILI

  REFINEMENT ttlD VALIDATION! OF AN URBAN METEOROLOGICAL
  POLLUTANT MODEL.
                                                          3. fUCIPICNT S ACCESSION NO.
                                                               DATE
                                                         July 1976
                                                        S. PCRFOflMING OnGANHAllON CODE
7. AUTHOAISI
           Joseph P. Pandolfo, Clifford A. Jacobs,
  Robert J. Ball, and Marshall A. Atv/ater
                                                          B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION HtPORT NO.
                                                            CEM 4182-542
>. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAML AND AOOKCSS
 The Center for the Environment and Han,  Inc.
 275 Windsor Street
 Hartford,  Connecticut  06120
                                                        10. PHOGHAM H.IMENT NO.

                                                          1AA009
                                                        II.CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-17C7
12. SPONSORING AGEMCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy
  Research Triangle Park. H.C.  27711	
                                                        13. TYPE of REPORT AND PCHIOD r.ovcneo
                                                          Final Report 2/24 -  11/76
                                                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY coot
                                                          EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTcS
16. ABSTRACT
       This report discusses  the  refinement of a grid point model for oredicting at-
  mospheric transport  and  diffusion  in  an  urb.in boundary layer.   In earlier  studies,
  a coarse 8-mile horizontal  square  grid was used to'predict CO  concentrations  in the
  Los Angeles Metropolitan area.   In this  study, a 2-mile grid for the  CO  emission has
  been used to test a  recent  hypothesis that predictive accuracy  can be imnroved by in-
  corporating a finer  horizontal  grid resolution^to more accurately reflect  the soatial
  distribution of a pollutant emission  pattern.  However, contrary to expectations, the
  evaluation statistics  show  that increasing the deqree of horizontal detail  in the
  source emission inventory did not  significantly increase the sensitivity and  accura-
  cy of the pollutant  concentration  forecast.

       When compared to  other mode-Is, this pollutant forecast is  arrong  the most accu-
  rate v/hen predicting the overall  average concentration and temporal correlation.
  and approximately as accurate as  other orimitive equation models :in terms  of  spatial
  correlation statistics.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 OtSC.TJPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIF I CHS/OPEN ENOtD TERMS
                                                                     c.  COSATI I ttlcl/Cloup
 *A1r pollution
 *Hcteorological  data
 *Mathematical models
 *Atmospheric models
 * Ho do Is  tests
 * Forecasting
                                                                         13 B
                                                                         04 B
                                                                         12 A
                                                                         04 A
                                                                         14 B
I!. DISrniHUTION iTAUMf NT
  RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                           t«. sfccumiY CLAIS lit,
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                           JO. si cum TV tiAsiTf/ill
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. or PAGIS
                                                                            32
                                                                        33. PRICC
   farm :}?0 I
                                  137

-------
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 RADIATIVE  EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON THE PLANETARY
 BOUNDARY LAYER
                                  TECHNIC/.i REPORT DATA
                           (I'lrasc read Imiructions i • • the reverse before c
HtPORT NO.

EPA-600/4-76-039	
                             2.
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                   PB-257707
                                                        5. REPORT DATE

                                                          JillV 1976
                                                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 A. Venkatram  and  R.  Viskanta
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 School of Mechanical  Engineering
 Purdue University
 West Lafayette,  Indiana  47907
                                                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                         1AA009
                                                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           R803514
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                         13. TYPE.OF
                                                         Interim
                                                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                         EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
           The  objective of this study was  to gain a better understanding of  the effects
 of pollutants on the thermal structure  and  pollutant dispersal in the planetary
 boundary layer.   To this end numerical  models of the boundary layer were constructed.
 Gaseous  pollutants in the boundary  layer  were considered to absorb and emit thermal
 radiation,  while aerosols were allowed  to absorb and scatter solar energy.
           First,  a one-dimensional numerical model of the boundary layer .tf»s
 constructed.   The model used the two-stream method for the computation of radiative
 fluxes,  and a turbulent kinetic energy  model  to account for turbulence.  A  series  of
 numerical experiments were performed to determine the role of pollutants in modifying
 thermal  structure and pollutant dispersal in the boundary layer.  The results  showed
 .that  the predominant Influence of gaseous and particulate pollutants on surface
 temperature was  wanning.  Radiative participation by.pollutants increased the
 stability of the surface layer during the day.  During the night, the warmer surface
 temperatures caused the surface layer to  become less stable.
           The second phase of the study  involved the construction of a two-dimensional
 numerical model  to study the effects of pollutants on urban-rural differences  in
 thermal  structure and pollutant dispersal.   The effects of pollutants on pollutant
 dispersal were found to be significant.   At the source height (100 m) in the urban
 area, the pollutant concentration was reduced by as much as 13.5% during the night.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *Air pollution
 *Boundary layer
 *Solar radiation
 *Thermal  radiation
 *Mathematical  models
                                            b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Held/Group
                                                                          13B
                                                                          20D
                                                                          03B
                                                                          20M
                                                                          12A
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       21. NO. OF PAGES

                                                                          262
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Tllit page)

                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                      138

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i TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'li'aic read fimmi'tiiiiis vn the reverse bi'Jurc co»ii>
' "EPO"T N° 2' PR 2587??
°A-600/4-76-042 rv-tw/6£
TIE ANDSUBTITLt
THE "GAUSSIAN-PLUME" MODEL WITH LIMITED VERTICAL '
: MIXING
^.AUTHORISI
. F. Pasquill
.> PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
j Meteorology and Assessment Division
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
J. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS ...
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Off-ice of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
•5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Report prepared by Visiting Scientist
Icllng)
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
August 1976
0. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA009
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 4/76 - 5/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD

16. ABSTRACT
       Application of the "Gaussian-plume" model for atmospheric dispersion from
  an elevated source in a mixing layer of limited depth normally involves
  consideration of multiple reflections of the plume between the upper and lower
  boundaries.  The present analysis considers some simple approximation formulae
  that should be useful in practical applications.
7. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
* Atmospheric diffusion
* Wind (meteorology)
* Plumes
* Mathematical models
STHIBUTION STATf MCNT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFlERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Gaussian plume
19. SECURITY CLASS T/'ih Hipnrt/
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tliii page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Held/Group
13B
04A
04B
21B
12A .
21. NO. OF PAGE-;
17
22. PRICE
                                    139

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (/'lease read lnunictions un llic reverse before c
 RffORT NO.
  EPA-60U/4-76-055
                             2.
PB-262393
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          flovember 1976
 URBAN AIR POLLUTION MODELING WITHOUT COMPUTERS
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANISATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 Michael M.  Benarie
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office  of  Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                          1AA009
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 2. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office  of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVtRCO
                          inhouse_
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                          EPA-ORD
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 Prepared by Visiting Scientist
16. ABSTRACT
       This report was the basis  for  a  series of three lectures by  the author
 on  urban air pollution modeling,  and  represents a condensed version of  selected
 topics  from a recent monograph  by him;   The'emphasis is on simple but efficient
 models  that often can be used without resorting to high-speed computers.   It  is
 indicated that there will be many circumstances under which such  simple models
 will  be preferable to more  complex  ones. . Some specific topics  included in the
 discussion are the limits set by  atmospheric predictability, forecasting  pollu-
 tion  concentrations in real time  as for pollution episodes, the simple  box model
 for pollution concentrations, the frequency distribution of concentration values
 including the log-normal distribution and averaging-time analysis, the  relation-
 ships between wind speed and concentration, and lastly the critical question  of
 model validation and the need to  consider several indices of goodness-of-fit  if
 pitfalls are to be avoided.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  * Air pollution
  * Meteorological data
  * Mathematical modeling
  * Model tests
                                        COSATI I:iclj/Croup
                                           13B
                                           04B
                                           12A
                                           14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

        RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Rtport)
                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
82
                                              20. SECUR
                                                                  •I
                                                                        22. PRICE
                                    140

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read luanictioits on the reverse before completing)
                                   PB-264495
REPOHT NO.                   2.
:PA-600/4-76-056	
TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
MEASUREMENT OF DRY DEPOSITION OF  FOSSIL  FUEL
PLANT POLLUTANTS
                                                           RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                           . REPORT DATE
                                                           November 1976
                                                           PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 J. G. Droppo,  0.  W.  Glover, A. B. Abbey, C.  W.  Splcer,
 and J. Cooper	
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 BatteHe-Pacific  Northwest Laboratories
 Battelle Boulevard
 Rlchland, Washington  99352
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                           1AA009
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-1747
 3. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            Final    6/24/74-6/24/76
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                            EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
IS. ABSTRACT
       Dry  removal of air pollutants  from fossil fuel plants  is  considered from both
  a modeling and measurement viewpoint.   Literature on dry  deposition rates 1s summa-
  rized and the processes Involved in dry deposition are discussed.   The dry deposition
  of  SO?, 03, NOX, and NO, as well as total sulfur and lead particles are considered.

       A prototype field data acquisition system was developed,  assembled, and tested.
  Deposition velocities were computed for each field test;

       The  sulfur dioxide profiles gave reasonable estimates of the dry deposition
  values, comparable to those in the  literature.  They varied from 0.10 to 2.38 cm/sec
  for the test runs.  Values for the  03 deposition velocities were very small.  The
  results for NO varied over a  wide range, with the  number  of profiles measured in  the
  test runs insufficient for reaching a definitive conclusion.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                          COSATI Field/Group
  ^Mathematical Models
   Reaction Kinetics
   Electric Power  Plants
   Air Pollution
                                                                          12A
                                                                          03D
                                                                          10B
                                                                          13B
18, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

         I
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
135
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                    141

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on lite reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.

  EPAr600/4-77-035b
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
NEW YORK CHY AIR POLLUTION PROJECT OF 1964-1969
Volume II,   Data
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             August 1977
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
           Robert D. Bornsteln, Tim Morgan, Yam-Tong Tarn,
Tim Loose, Ken Leap, Jim Sigafoose,  Carl Berkowitz
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Department of Meteorology
San Jose State University
San Jose,  California   95192
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                1AAQ09  26AAS   (FY-74)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                68-02-1284
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

Environmental Sciences Research laboratory-RTF, NC
Office  of Research & Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
          THancrlp Park-  NT.   27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                Final 4/74-9/76	
             14. SPONSORING AGEtfCY'CODE
                EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume II,  a magnetic tape, and a roll of microfilm contain aeromstric field data
that  are available from NTIS. Volume I report number:  EPA-600/4-77-035a
16. ABSTRACT
     Volume II presents certain data collected during three test periods of the New
York City Air Pollution Project of 1964-1969.  The data include:  (1) emission rates
of sulfur dioxide, heat, and moisture; (2) sulfur dioxide concentrations measured
from fixed stations and from automotive platforms; and  (3) vertical profiles of
sulfur concentrations and air  temperature measured from helicopters.  The remaining
data,  maps of airflow and sulfur dioxide concentrations on microfilm, and a magnetic
tape listing of pibal observations 'are available from the National Technical
Information Service.  Volume I thoroughly describes the entire data set and is
available as report number
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COS ATI Held/Group
 *   Air pollution
 *   Sulfur dioxide
 *   Field tests
 *   Meteorological data
 *   Maps
                             13B
                             07B
                             14B
                             04B
                             08B
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

RRTRASR TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

  UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

  221
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (••73)
                                      142

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PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                       1  A 1 0  0 3

                                                       1  A 1 0  0 8
                                                       110302
OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY
                                                          Studies  on  the atmospheric
                                       -—-———— processed  and  effects have been
conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively determine  the  sources and sinks, ki-
netics of formation and removal, and chemical/physical interactions of airborne gas-
eous and particulate matter.  This area of research  covers;  (1)  The  development,
evaluation and validation of air quality simulation  models for predicting and describ
ing air quality Impacts anticipated from various  control  abatement strategies.  (2)
Determination of atmospheric chemical and processes  for  describing the formation and
decay of gaseous and particulate air pollutants.   (3)  Quantification of the atmos-
pheric effects of weather, visibility, climate, and  materials  due  to  air pollutants.
                                     143

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Plcete read Inunctions on the reverse before completing

-------
PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                       1  A 1 0  0 8
                                                       110302
OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY
                                                         Studies on the atmospheric
                                      ———•—~—-  processed and effects have been
conducted  to qualitatively and  quantitatively determine  the sources and sinks, ki-
netics  of  formation  and  removal,  and  chemical/physical Interactions of airborne gas-
eous  and partlculate matter.  This  area  of  research covers; (1)  The development,
evaluation and  validation of  air  quality simulation models for predicting and describ
1ng air quality Impacts  anticipated from various control abatement strategies.  (2)
Determination of atmospheric  chemical  and processes for  describing the formation and
decay of gaseous and partlculate  air  pollutants.   (3)  Quantification of the atmos-
pheric  effects  of weather, visibility, climate, and materials due to air pollutants.
                                     145

-------
                                   TECHNICAL HCPORT DATA
                             i'asr read /inunctions on llit rrvcrte before
        NO.
.EPA-600/3-76-012
                             a.
         PB-250559
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 A STUDY OF PAN-TYPE COMPOUNDS AND RELATED PRECURSORS
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                 5. REPORT OATE

                                   	January
                                 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTHOR(S)

 1. J. Solomon & M.  Lustig
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORG'^NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 IIT Research Institute
 10 West 35th Street
 Chicago, Illinois  60616
                                 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                     1A1008
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                   R 802966-01
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences .Research Laboratory
 Office of Research, and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
                                 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Final Report	
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                   EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
 This work was undertaken to search for preparative  procedures for PAN, to study  its
 structure and properties,  and to ellucidate more  clearly the nature of its  formation
 and decomposition.  An  ideal preparative procedure  for PAN had been found,  high
 yields of PAN have been obtained, and a statisfactory preparative g.l.c. technique
 has been adapted for  its purification.  The results of the synthetic studies  tend
 to confirm prior conclusions, but the decomposition of PAN does not proceed
 entirely the way previously described.                 .  ••

 The results from this research indicate that the  acyl and acylperoxy radicals are
 precursors to PAN in  photochemical environments containing acyl derivatives, NO  »
 and oxygen.  In contrast to prior investigations, however, several decomposition
 products of PAN have  been found that were not previously reported,; that is, hydro-
 carbons and oxygen have been found as products in the present study.  Additional
 characterization data has been obtained that corroborate the structure established
 for PAN.
 7.
                  DESCRIPTORS
      KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

                    b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C. COSATI I lcll)/Cl»up
 Air pollution
 Smog
 Peroxy organic compounds*
 Oxidizers
 Ozone
 Chemical reactions*
 Photochemical reactions*
Photolyois*
       13B
       041)
       07C
       11G"
       07B
       071)
  . DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                    19. SECURITY CLASS (HIM Hif""t)
                      '  UNCLASSIFIED  	
                    20. SECURITY CLASS (Tli'ilpajtcT
                        UNCLASSIFIED
21  NO. OF PAGES
        18
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Farm 2220-1 <1-/J>
                                        146

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Picate read InsltiicliHHS on the reverse
       NO.
 EPA-600/3-76-017
                             2.
                PB-251243
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 TITLE AND SUOTITLE
                                          "IS
 Photochemical  Oxidants in the Ambient  Air of the
-United States
;PPHT DATE ,__-.
ebruary  1976
                                         . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHORIS)

 Dr. Basil  Dimitriades
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 PfcHPOnWING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Office of  Research and Development
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
                                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                           1A1008
                                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 3. SPONSORING AGENCY NAMfe AND ADDRESS
                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                            Final
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                            EPA-ORD
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

  The  problem of photochemical  oxidants in the ambient  air of the United States  is
  examined  with respect to its  nature, magnitude, and present day control. Concentra-
  tion levels of ozone, nitrogen  dioxide, peroxyacetyl  nitrate, and other photochemi-
  cally formed pollutants are surveyed, and their effects  on human health, vegetation,
  and"  materials, as well as their economic impacts,  are discussed.  Oxidant precursors,
  hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides are reviewed with regard to ambient concentrations
  and  emission rates and in terms of chemical reactions that produce oxidants. Oxidant
  control efforts are discussed with specific emphasis  placed on scientific approaches,
  emission  control methods, costs of control, and control  legislation.
17.
a.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
  *Rcviews
   Air Pollution
 .  Oxidizcrs
  *0:one
  Concentration  (composition)
  *Chemical reactions
                            b.lDENTIFICRS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                              United States
              COSATI I ield/CJroiip
              05 B
              13B
              11G
              07B
              07D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  Available to public through National
  Technical Information  Service, Springfield
  Virfini:i 22161	
                            19. SfcCUniTY CLASS (Tills KeportJ
                               UNCLASSIFIED
            21. NO. OF PAGIS
               192
                            20. SECURITY CLASS (Tin
                            '   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       147

-------
                                    ll.CHNIC \L RLPOIII UAIA
                            fFlcasc read Inunction: on the rcn-rte before cmnplciinf)
1. RLPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3r76-018
                              2.
PB-253736
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  THE TRANSPORT  OF OXIDANT BEYOND URBAN AREAS
                         3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
                         5. REPORT DATE
                          February 1976
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
  Chester W. Spicer,  James L. Gemma, Darrell W. Joseph,
  Phillip R. Stricksel,  S Gerald F. Ward	
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORG *\NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Battelie, Columbus Laboratories
  505 King Avenue
  Columbus, Ohio   43201
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                         •PE  1A1008    21AKC-03
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              EPA 68-02-1714
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Final Report	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

  The 1974 investigation of oxidants "in  the mid-western United States involved
  several research  groups situated in various points in the  Ohio Valley.  The
  Battelle Laboratory group was positioned in Dayton Ohio.

  The data collection was carried out over a 20.-day period between July 17
  and August  12,  1974.  Interpretations  of the results are discussed in
  terms of statistical,  graphical, chemical, and meteorological analyses
  of the data.  The data suggest that no single source of ozone', be.it. urban
  transport,  natural, emissions, stratospheric, etc. can account for the ozone
  patterns observed in this and other studies.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air Pollution
  *Field tests
   Measurement
  *0zone
  ' Transport properties
  'Analysis (Mathematics)
                                               b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
             Ohio Valley
             Dayton, Ohio
                                       c. COSATI l-iclcl/lJroup
  13B
  14B
  14G
  07B
  12A
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

  249
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                        148

-------
"TECHNIC-M. R-;P.)KT DATA
ll'li.-c'ic read l'i.i/i,t:li:jii, an /';<• reverse Injure compli-iin-;)
1. FK. PC'"1 T NO 2.
EPA-GOO/3-76-0303 . PB-248259
U. TITLE AND SUBTITLE \
THE .FATE OF NITROGEN (OXIDES IN THE ATMOSPHERE:
APPENDICES
7. AUTHOR(S)
Chester W. Spicer
9. PERFOHMING ORGANIZATION ,NA-MC AND ADDRESS
BatteMe-Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAMF. AND ADOnESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triancle Park, i!C 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
j. REPORT DATE
March 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1A1008
11. CONTHACT/GRANT NO,
Contract No. 68-02-0799
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT

   A field study was conducted  to determine  the  distribution  and  ultimate
   fate of nitrogen oxides  in the atmosphere.  Researchers  sampled  and
   monitored the air for five weeks  in  St. Louis,  Missouri, and for five
   weeks in West Covina, California.  Also measured were  meteorological
   parameters—wind direction and speed,  temperature,  relative  humidity,
   and solar intensity.  On the basis of  the monitoring data, the chemical
   analyses of collected samples, and NO   loss-calculations,  the  results
   sfthe study indicate that nitrogen  oxides are  removed slowly  from the
   atmosphere.  This was true at both locations.
17.
•1.
*
*
19.
KEY WON OS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
OLSCMIPTOHS
Air pollution
Mi trognn oxides
Field tests
•Chemical analysis
Chemical reactions
Photochemical' reactions
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lOl.lMTIFItHS/OPLN tNOLD TERMS
St. Louis, Missouri
West Covina, California
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS I This page 1
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI L'ickl/Gioup
13B
07B
148
07D
07 E
21. NO. OF PAGES
267
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-72J
                                     149

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Picnic read lattnictioni on ll:e reverse bcjvrc complftinxl
 REPORT NO.

 EPA-600/3-76-030 b
                             2.
PB-248260
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   THE FATE OF  NITROGEN OXIDES IN THE ATMOSPHERE:
   APPENDICES
                        5. REPORT DATE
                         March 1976
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOHISI
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
   Chester W.  Spicer
                              ADDRESS
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION/VAA1E AND
   Battelie-Columbus Laboratories
   505 King  Avenue
   Columbus,  Ohio   43201
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                              1A1008
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             Contract No. 68-02-0799
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office  of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency
   Research  Trianale Park,  MC   27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final Report
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
   A  field study was conducted to determine  the  distribution and ultimate
   fate of nitrogen oxides  in the atmosphere.   Researchers sampled  and
   monitored the air for  five weeks in St. Louis,  Missouri, and for five
   weeks in West Covina,  California.  Also measured were meteorological
   parameters—wind direction and speed,  temperature, relative humidity,
   and solar intensity.   On the basis of  the monitoring data, the chemical
   analyses of collected  samples, and NO  loss-calculations, the results
   or the study indicate  that nitrogen oxides are  removed slowly from the
   atmosphere.  This was  true at both locations.
7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lOENTIFIERS/OrUN ENDED TERMS
                                       c. COSATI l-'ictd/Gtoup
   Air  pollution
   Nitrogen oxides
   Field  tests
   Chemical  analysis
   Chemical  reactions
   Photochemical reactions
              St. Louis,  Missouri
              West Covina,  California
   13B
   07B
   14B
   07D
   07 E
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
                J±ICLA5S1F_IEO_
21. NO. OF PAGES

  267
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS /Thispage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-72)
                                      150

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.
 LPA-600/3-76-070
                             2.
      PB-256397
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE

 'ECHANISM OF PHOTOCHEMICALLY INITIATED OXIDATIONS
                              5. REPORT DATE
                                June  1976
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                              8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Jack G. Calvert
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Chemistry Department
 The Ohio State University
 140 West 18th Avenue
 Columbus, Ohio   43210
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                1A1008
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            R800398
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                Final   1/73 - 12/75
                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      'RA.CT           •
      Several  significant new observations  have been made relative  to chemical reaction
 that occur  in sunlight-irradiated  NOx/hydrocarbon/a1dehyde/CO/S02  polluted atmospheres
 Many of  the primary reactions that are  needed to quantitatively  evaluate the photo-
 oxidation mechanisms of $03 in the atmosphere were measured.   Rate constants for the
 reactions of the excited S02(3B-|)  state of SO? with various atmospheric gases, alkanes
 alkenes, NO,  CO, etc., were determined.  In view of these  results, the rate of S02
 ohotooxldation in the atmosphere 1s estimated, and the possible  role of excited-
 SO^/alkene  interactions that generate aerosols is evaluated.   Rate constants for the
 homogeneous reaction of SO? with 03, NOa,  and N20s were also  estimated.  All of these
 reactions are relatively slow for  conditions that usually  exist  in polluted atmosphere)*
 The  unusual reaction of S03 with NOg was observed, although its  importance in the
 atmosphere  cannot be evaluated accurately from the existing data.   An evaluation was
 made of  the photochemical smog mechanisms using a computer to slmulate'the rates of
 change In various polluted atmospheres.  Several important features of special
 interest in developing control strategies were observed.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                              COSATI Field/Group
  *A1r pollution
   Tests
  'Oxidation
  •^Photochemical reactions
  *Reaction kinetics
  *Sulfur dioxide
  *N1trogen oxides
*Alkanes
*Alkene hydro-
   carbons
 Computerized
   simulation
 13B
 14B
 07B
 07C
 07E
 07D
 09B
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                  19. SECURITY CLASS (Thit Report)
                    UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
  200
                 20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 («-73)
                                        151

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'lcasc read /mirucliom <>» ihrretTnr hffarc <•<»»!/•
1 HUPORT NO. 2.
KPA-600/3-76-091 PB-257706
J. TITLE ANDSUOTI1 I.E
UTILITY OF REACTIVITY CRITERIA IN ORGANIC EMISSION
CONTROL STRATEGIES
Application to the Los Angeles Atmosphere
7 AUTHOR(S)
J.C. Trijonis
K.W. Arlcdge
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
TRW Environmental Services
One Space Park
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Rcsearxh Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
lrl,,,fl
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT OATH
August 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1A1008
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1735
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Pinnl 1
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
I'PA-ORD


This report  investigates  the impact  of reactivity criteria on organic emission
control  strategies  in  the Metropolitan Los Angeles Air Quality Control Region.  The
investigation  involved assembling data on total organic emission rates,  on organic
emission composition,  and on emission reactivity for the Los Angeles basin.  On the
basis of this  data,calculations  were then made of the degree to which each emission
source type  should  be  controlled to  achieve the air quality standard for ozone/
Dxidant.   Results were obtained  and  compared for the cases of indiscriminate control
and of selective, reactivity-based control.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
x. DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*0zone
* Organic compounds
*Emission
"Chemical reactivity
*Control
*P1 nmi i np
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC

b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Los Angeles






19. SECURITY CLASS (This Keportf
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
C. COSATI
13B
07 B
07C
07D
05A


21. NO. OF
249
1 icIcl/Group







PAGES

22. PRICE
EPA form 2220-1 (••73)
                                     152

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PROGRAM   ELEMENTS
                                                        110302
 OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY
                                                         Studies on  the atmospheric
                                      ——-  processed  and  effects have been
conducted  to qualitatively and  quantitatively determine  the  sources and sinks,  ki-
netics  of  formation  and  removal,  and chemical/physical Interactions of airborne gas-
eous and partlculate matter.  This  area  of research  covers;  (1)   The  development,
evaluation and  validation of  air  quality simulation  models for predicting  and  describ-
ing air quality Impacts  anticipated from various control abatement  strategies.   (2)
Determination  of atmospheric  chemical and processes  for  describing  the formation  and
decay of gaseous and partlculate  air pollutants.   (3) Quantification of  the atmos-
pheric effects of weather,  visibility, climate, and  materials due to  air  pollutants.
                                      153

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
 EPA-60Q/3-76-073
=?
ifr
                            2.
                       PB-255454
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI*NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 A DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE SIZE
 DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE AIRBORNE PARTICLES
                                                          5.
                                                         G ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
 A. McSweeney
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Georgia  Institute of Technology
 Engineering Experiment Station
 Atlanta, GA  30332
                                               10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                 110302
                                               11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                 R-802214
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office  of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                               13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                Final Report 12/73 - 12/75
                                               14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                  EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
      The  purpose of this project  is  to test and demonstrate  a  coherent optical
 diffraction technique for measuring  the size distribution of large particles.  This
 technique is based on the generation of a transformation matrix which is used to
 relate  the measured diffraction patterns to the size distribution of the samples
 that produced the patterns.

      Four types of samples are considered:  1) pinholes in opaque discs, 2) photo-
 graphic transparencies with opaque circular spots, 3) particles deposited on micro-
 scope slides, and A) aerosols.  Computer simulations are performed, to assess the
 accuracy  and resolution of the techniques.

      Although good results are obtained for pinholes in opaque'discs, experimental
 difficulties limit the precision  of  this techniques applied  to particles in a trans-
 parent  medium.  Improvements  based on a reduction of system  noise and an increase
 in detector sensitivity are discussed and applied to the requirements on number
 density and size range of particles  in a transparent medium.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
  * Air pollution
  * Aerosols
  * Diffraction
  * Particle size distribution
    Lasers
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                COSATi Held/Group
                                                               13B
                                                               07D
                                                               20F
                                                               20E
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                   19. SECURITY CLASS IThis Rrportj
                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21 NO. OF PAGES
57
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                             27. PRICE
EPA Form 2230-1 (1-73)
                                     154

-------
 PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                          1  A A 6 0 1
                                                                 .»
                                                          1  A A 6 0 1 B

                                                          1  A A 0 0 2
  OBJECTIVE    SUMMARY
    These activities  are  part  of a  multidisciplinary research program focusing on
the public health  consequences  of nonregulated pollutants from mobile sources.   The
program  is designed  to provide  timely decision-making input regarding sulfuric  acid
and other nonregulated pollutants from mobile sources by the Administrator as pro-
mised  to the  Congress  in November 1973.  The emphasis is on the evaluation of un-
regulated emissions  from advanced automotive control  systems (principally, but not
restricted to,  catalysts)  so as to ensure protection  of the public health and welfare
                                         155

-------
                             TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                       {Plant Trad luarucfioni on the reverse before completing)
 RtPORT NO.
                                                 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
                             PB-264257
4. TIILt AND SUBTITLE
DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE DEVICE  TO COLLECT
SULFURIC  ACID AEROSOL
Interim Report
                                                 5. REPORT DATE
                                                    February  1977.
                                                 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
William J.  Barrett, Herbert C. Miller,
Josiah E.  Smith,  Jr., and Christina H.  Gwin
                                                 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                                  Project  3533-XII
                                                  SORI-EAS-76-397
t. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
                                                 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                   1AA601
                                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                   68-02-2234
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
Office  of  Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
                                                  13. TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
                                                   Interim  6/75-5/76	
                                                  14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                  EPA-ORD
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The  purpose of this investigation was to determine  the effects of possi-
ble  atmospheric interferents  on the quantitative  collection of sulfuric
acid aerosol on a filter.   Sulfuric acid aerosol  was  generated in the
laboratory with a flame  atomizer and collected on Teflon filters.  The
filters were exposed  to  potential gas and vapor interferents and to
particulate interferents during, before, or after the collection of the
sulfuric acid.  Measurements  of sulfuric acid were  made by an acid-base
Indicator method or by extraction with benzaldehyde and titration.
Also,  sulfur evolved  on  heating the filters was measured by the flame
photometric method.   Ammonia, particulate calcium carbonate, and ambient
particulate material  (collected near a busy street)  caused severe losses
of  sulfuric acid; particulate ferric oxide and silicate clay caused an
intermediate loss; pyridine and phenol vapors, particulate fly ash, and
soot caused little or no loss; and sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
had no effect  (in the absence of other materials).
 7.
                           KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
               DESCRIPTORS
 *Air pollution
 *Sulfuric acid
  Aerosol
 •Collecting methods
 *Filters
  Tests
                                      b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       Atmospheric
                                          interferents
                                                             c. COSATI l-icld/dioup
     13B
     07B
     07D
     14B
13 -:'j' RIBUTIUN ST ATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                       19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
                                        UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. O^ PAGES
      67
                                       20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                        UNCLASSIFIED
                                                             22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
                                 156

-------
TECHNICAL R' °ORT DATA
ll'lt i/\i' n-ii.l luurih-liiMHi nil ill, /-rivrsr /><•/<>/•<• fanii'itliHK/
EPA 600/2-77- 116 | PB-272549
-; riTLi. AMJ SUBTH I.E
LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL EMISSION CORRECTION FACTORS FOR
AMBIENT CONDITIONS
7. ALMHORiS)
Charles T. Hare
9 PEHf'ORVI.NC-, ORGANIZATION AJAME AND ADDRESS
Southwest Research Institute
8500 Culebra Road
San Antonio, Texas 78228
12. SPONSORING AGtNCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianqlfe Park, NC 27711
J. HL-CII'ILNVS ACCESSION- NO.
tj. REPORT DATE
July 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOL
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPC
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601 BC-09 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1777
13. TYPE OF RRPORT AND PERIOD CO1
Jnt-crirn .. ... . 	
14. SPONSORING AGtNCY COOt
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLKMl NTARY NOTbS
16. ABSTRACT
         Sinco emission measurements from passenger cars are performed at ono
    standard set. of ambient conditions and since emission rater, of HC, CO, and
    UO  are sensitive to temperature and humidity, it is necessary to determine
    the influence of ambient conditions on emissions from major classes of
    vehicles.  Although such information has-boon available for gasoline engine
    powered cars for sometime, no such data  were available for diesel powered
    passenger cars.

         This report indica.tes that diesel HC and CO emissions are relatively
    insensitive to ambient conditions.  Diesel  NO  emissions  , however, are
    sensitive to humidity but to a smaller extent than gasoline engines.
    Humidity correction factors for NO  emissions also appear to vary with
    vehicle power-to-weight ratios and are greater for higher powered vehicles.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
i... f;' SIWTOH'.
*Air |-nl lut. i'»!>.
*Ant on.>l>i )••!>
*!m\-:el FJmjim's
*i;xhfiust i miKf.ions
*l"orr«.'t't ion
*llumidit:v
iv .•.'•• •••!•.-. - \;> • \>'
Dirt r.'Aci.* n1/"* ivmr T^*
Kt-ljJ^Aol. 1 0 l'''HLilL,
.

Ivinr.NTII-ICHS/OPbN I NOLI) TLHMS






li). '.;i- CURI I'Y CLASS flliu l.'iiirrli
	 	 UNCLASSIFIED 	
?o SECURITY CI.AP?; (V/ii.i/ia/,-1 «
UNCLASSIKIF.D
•-. COSATI 1 iclil;i..
1 Ul
1 *F
21G
2 IB
04B

21. NO. or PAoti;
lor,
~?:>. PrncE

           it-til
                                     157

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Vli-au read lnUructiom on Hie reverie before completing)
  MI pom NO.
  MLC ANOUBTITLE
>.                   \3.
.3^76^035	J_	
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                                   PB-252931
 THE GENERAL  MOTORS/ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
 AGENCY SULFATE DISPERSION EXPERIMENT
 Selected  EPA Research Papers
                                                  6. REPORT DATE
                                                   April 1976
                                                  6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTHOR(S)
 Edited by:   R.  K.  Stevens, P. J. Lamothe,  T. G. Dzubay
              W.  E.  Wilson and J. L. Durham
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina    27711
                                                  10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                    1AA601
                                                  11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 U.  S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina    27711
                                                  13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                    In-house
                                                  14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                    EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      In  the  fall  of 1975, General Motors  conducted an extensive  field  experiment at
 the GM proving grounds in Mil ford, Michigan.   The purpose of the experiment was to
 measure  the  concentrations and assess  characteristics of aerosols,  especially sulfates
 and sulfuric acid, emitted by a fleet  of  catalyst-equipped cars  operated under
 simulated  freeway conditions.  In addition, emissions dispersion and meterological
 parameters were measured; this data  served as input for developing  a plume dispersion
 model.

      At  the  invitation of General Motors,  EPA, along with their  contractors and
 grantees,  participated in this experiment.   This report consists of several important
 research papers that discuss and present  the results of studies  carried out by EPA
 during the GM experiment.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                               c.  COS AT I Held/Group
 *Air pollution
  Field  tests
 *Automobiles
 *Catalytic converters
 *Exhaust  emissions
 *Aerosols
                    particles
                   *sulfates
                   *sulfuric acid
                    ammonia
                    atmospheric
                      diffusion
                    models
 13 B
 14 B
 13 F
 07 A
 07 D
 07 B
 04 A
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Reporll
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                 149
                                     20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                       UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                     158

-------
 PROGRAM   ELEMENTS  :
                                                          1  A A 0 0 2
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY  :
     These activities  are  part of a  multidisciplinary research program focusing on
the public health  consequences of nonregulated pollutants from mobile sources.   The
program is designed  to provide timely decision-making input regarding sulfuric  acid
and other nonregulated pollutants from mobile sources by the Administrator as pro-
mised to the Congress  in November 1973.  The emphasis is on the evaluation of un-
regulated emissions  from advanced automotive control  systems (principally, but not
restricted  to,  catalysts)  so as  to ensure protection of the public health and welfare
                                         T59

-------
                                            HtMJK I UMIA
                           fPlease read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
     EPA-GQQ/2-75-048
                             2.
                                   PB-253363
J. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
     PROTOCOL  TO  CHARACTERIZE GASEOUS EMISSIONS AS  A
     FUNCTION  OF  FUEL AND ADDITIVE COMPOSITION
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                  6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                  8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
     Harry E.  Dietzmann
9. PERFORMING ORGANISATION NAME AND ADDRESS

     Southwest  Research  Institute
     8500 Culebra  Road
     San Antonio,  Texas   78284
                                  10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.


                                    	1AAQQ2	
                                  11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                         68-02-1275
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
     Environmental   Sciences Research Laboratory
     Office of Research  and Development
     U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
     Research Triangle Park. N.C.   27711	
                                  13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                                                   1974-Oime  1975
                                  14.SPO
                                             G AGENCY CODE
                                        EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
          This project  sought to validate an engine dynamometer test schedule  for
     additive effects previously used in Dow and  Bu Mines  programs.  Previous  problems
     with vehicle-to-engine  dynamometer comparability were solved by the use of  a
     Clayton power absorption unit and a fixed flywheel  as an inertia simulator.
     Thus, adequate road  simulation was achieved.  Numerous analytical technique were
     developed including  analysis for S02, H«S, COS,  methyl and ethyl marcaptan,
     ammonia, N, N-dimethylnitrosanrine, Hydrocarbon distribution, and sulfate.   Mo
     additive-derived products were found in the  study of  two commercial additive
     packages with either catalist or non -catalyst engine configurations.  The
     mileage accumulation schedule used resulted  in overly-high rates of accumulation
     of intake manifold deposits for both additive and base fuels.  It is suggested
     that greater mileane accumulations.over a heavier duty cycle will be necessary
     to detect the effects of additives on catalyst deterioration.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
    TvaTuation
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                c. COSATI Field/Group
     Proving
     *Automotive fuels
     *Fuel additives
      Automotive engines
     *Catalytic converters
     *Exhaust emissions
Air pollution
Chemical analysis
Dynamometers
14G
12A
21D
21K
07A
131
21B
13B
070
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

     RELEASE TO   PUBLIC
                     19. SECURITY CLASS (This Keport)

                        UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                21. NO. OF PAGES
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (fllitpage)

                                                 UMEI ASSTFTFH
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (S-73)
                                      160

-------
                                  TECHNICAL HtPOHT DATA
                           (rtrasc read InUrurlwm i>n thr reverse before
 in t'A-f>00/?-7r>-026
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf*NO.
                                  PB-254238
 *irue AND SUBTITLE
 •II-TECT OF GASOLINE ADDITIVES ON GASEOUS
EMISSIONS (PART  tl)
                                5. REPORT OATF.
                                   February 1976
                                0. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
R. W. Hurn,  F.  W. Cox, nnd J. R.  Allsup
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION HEPOf«T NO
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AOURESS
Fuel/Engine  Systems Research Group
HartIcsvilie Energy Research Center
Energy Research  and Development Administration
Bavtlcsville,  Oklahoma
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                   1AA002
                                11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                   EPA-IAC-IVt-OOAO
                                   EPA-TAC-D4-0453
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
Office  of  Research and Development
U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVf RED
                                   Final Rep_or t 1 974 -__I_97.5 __
                                           _
                                 14. SPONSORING AGcNCY CODE
                                        El'A - OKD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Supplements  and Extends, Part  I
6. ABSTRACT

 A study has been conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen-containing fuel
 additives  in  gasoline on regulated  and  nonregulated automotive  emissions.   Method-
 ology was  developed to measure possible nitrogen-containing  compounds and  was
 used to analyze  the emissions from  a  variety of cars without catalysts.   No effects
 duel to the additives could be discerned.  Of the nooregulnted nitrogen compounds
 analyzed,  ammonia,  amines, nitriles,  nLtrosciamines, and.aryl nitro compounds were
 not detected;  HCN,  cyanogen, and alkyl  nitro compounds were  measured.  Emission
 data are  included from a rotary engine  (Mazda), an air-cooled engine (Volkswagen),
 and two standard V-8 engines (Chevrolet and Ford).  Six nitrogen-containing addi-
 tives chosen  for their common usage were tested.
17.
i.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
 KvaIuaI ion
 Cnsoline
*Fuel additives
 Automotive  engines
••'•• Ex 11 a u s t omission s
 Air pollution
*N iIrogen  organic
"'Nitrogen  inorgani
 Chemical  analysis
h.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

pds.
 cpds.
  . ui:;rmnurioN STATEMENT
   Release  to Puhlic
                    19. StCUHl TY CLASS II Ilil l{,-fi«r<)
                       UNCI-ASSfHED
                    2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thix page)
                       UNCLASSIFI'EI)
EPA rnrm ?7JO 1 (9-73)
             161

-------
  PROGRAM   ELEMENTS
                                                          1  N E 6 2 5

                                                          E  H E 6 2 5
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY   :	         Increased  reliance on domes-
tic energy  sources  1s  resulting  1n  Increased extraction  and combustion of coal, the
:evelopment of  advanced  combustion  technologies,  and  the potential for development of
leothermal, oil  shale, and  synthetic  fuel  Industries,  Nearly every  phase of these
Fuel cycles may result 1n the  release of pollutants to the environment.
    As  pollutants  move  through  the environment,  their physical, chemical and biolo-
jical  Interactions  often result  1n  their transformation  to new  compounds which may be
n'ther a greater or lesser  environmental threat than  the parent compound.  The purpose
)f these activities is to determine the origins,  loads,  transport pathyways, transfer
*ates, and  fates for single pollutnats and conbinations  of pollutants released to the
Atmospheric environment  primarily from coal, oil  shale,  and geothermal fuel cycles.
rhese  activities also  include  the development of  methods and instrumentation for the
ueasurement of  energy-related  pollutants,  and the performance of special field studies
ind analyses  related to  characterizing the levels of  certain pollutants Injected into
the environment by  new technologies and energy developments at  specific geographical
sites.
                                         162

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Picnic read luiir.ictwm n/i liic mcnc hcjure completing)
 REPORT NO.
      EPA-600/2-76-059
                             2.
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   COMPARISON OF WET CHEMICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS
   FOR MEASURING AIRBORNE SULFATE
  Interim Report
             5. REPORT DATE

              Mflmh 1976
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. ALTHORlS)
   B.  R.  Appel, E. L. Kothny, E. M.  Hoffer, and
   J.  J.  Wesolowski
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PER FOR V.I NO ORG'-MZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory
   California Department of Health
   2151 Berkeley Way
   Berkeley,  California 94704   	
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                    1NE625
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
              EPA 68-02-1660
12. SPCNSOFtING AGES.CY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
             Interim, 6/22/74 - 8/22/75
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

               EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        Four techniques  for determination of water soluble sulfate in atmospheric
   samples were compared including the barium sulfate  turbidimetric method, the
   Brosset (barium-Thorin)  method, the automated barium-methylthymol blue procedure
   and  a microchemical  (barium-dinitro-sulfanazo IIT.) colorimetric method developed
   at the Air and Industrial  Hygiene Laboratory.  These,  in turn, were compared to
   x-ray fluorescence for determination of total sulfur, obtained independently at the
   Environmental Protection Agency's Research Triangle Park Laboratory.  The parameters
   studied included precision and accuracy employing standard solution and ambient
   air samples, and the  influence of twelve potential  interferents.  The ambient air
   samples studied were  collected at different locations  throughout the U.S. so that
   the influence of different particle matrices could  be  evaluated.  As supplementary
   objectives, analyses  of  particulate matter samples  collected simultaneously on
   high volume and low volume glass-fiber filters and  low volume Teflon filters,         ,
   with and without size segregation, were compared.   Results of the study are presented\
17.

a.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 * Air pollution
 * Particles
 * Sulfates
 * Chemical tests
 * Chemical analysis
 * Comparison
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  c. COSATI r iclcl X".roii|
                              13B
                              14B
                              07D
1 3. 213 ' f 
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read lnunJCtioiis on the reverse before completing/
1. REPORT NO 2.
EPA-600/7-77-020 PB-266098
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
POWER PLANT STACK PLUMES IN COMPLEX TERRAIN:
An Appraisal of Current Research
7.AUTH0R(s)Robert c Kochj w> Gale Biggs f Paul H Hwang,
Irving Leichter, Kenneth E. Pickering, Eric R. Swadey,
and John L. Swift
9. PfRFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GEOMET, Incorporated
15 Firstfield Road
Gaithersburg, MD .20760
13. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
'U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
March 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2260
13. TVPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 11/75 - 10/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMFNTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

  This  report reviews the literature of scientific studies  of the behavior of  stack
  plumes from fossil-fueled electric power plants in complex (hilly or mountainous)
  terrain.   Non-conservative chemical transformation and depletion, and conservative
  transport and diffusion of pollutants are considered.   Studies of S02 oxidation
  rates in  power plant plumes are described and the primary mechanisms for conversion
  to sulfate are detailed.  Scavenging of S02 from plumes by precipitation is  reviewed
  along with surface contact and deposition as important plume depletion.processes.
  Current theories of airflow, turbulence and diffusion  phenomena in complex terrain
  are described, and are exemplified through the review  of sixteen field observation
  programs  of the physical behavior of plumes from continuous elevated sources in
  complex terrain.  The review discusses program objectives, data sampling methodolo-
  gies, model-to-measurement comparisons associated with the field program conclusions
  The types of models available to simulate plume behavior numerically are discussed
  in the contexts of these programs.  In addition, results  are reported of an  indepen-
  dent  GEOMET analysis of oy and oz relationships in the Gaussian plume model  over
  complex terrain, using data from LAPPES and TVA field  measurement programs.
17.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
:i. DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
.*Reviews
*Electric power plants
*P1 umes
*Sulfur dioxide
*Terruin
*Hills
*Moun tains
*Atmospheric diffusi
*Transport propertie
*Chemical reactions
*Field tests
18. DISTRinUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
on
S
10. SECURITY CLASS (Thin Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Field/Croup
13B 04A
05B 070
10B 14B
21B
07B
08F
21. NO. Of PAGES
235
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 •• "•
                                      164

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                               rrati IHHTIH lions nn tin reverse hc/arr
RTPORT NO.
 EPA-600/7-77-021
                           J_ 	PB-26
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
              268361
 . TITLE ANOSUBTITLE
  SULFATES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
  A Progress Report on  Project  MI.STT
                                   5. REPORT DATE
                                     	March 1977	
                                   6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHORIS)
  W.E. Wilson, R..I. Charlaon,  R.B. Husar, K.T. Whitby
  and D. lilumenthal
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING OnGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Re search  .'incl  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  2771.1.
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTF,  NC
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle  Park, North Carolina   27711
                                   10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                         1NK625
                                   11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                   13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                         Interim
                                   14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                         EPA/600/09
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       The size  and  sulfate content of atmospheric, aerosols and  the  rate  and
  'mechanisms  for sulfate formation  from  sulfur dioxide in power  plant  plumes are
  reviewed.   Emphasis is given to results  from the recent USEPA  study,  Project
  MISTT  (Midwest Interstate Sulfur  Transformation and Transport).  The rate of
  conversion  of  sulfur dioxide to sulfate  aerosol in power plant plumes is low near
  the point of emission, but increases to  several percent per  hour as  ambient air
  mixes with  the plume.  Tall stacks  reduce ground-level concentrations of sulfur
  dioxide, resulting in a reduction of the amount removed by dry deposition.  In
  urban plumes,  which are well-mixed  to  the ground near the source,  sulfur dioxide
  is removed  more rapidly by dry deposition.   Thus, tall stacks  increase the
  atmospheric residence time of sulfur dioxide, which leads to an increase in
  atmospheric sulfur formation.  These sulfate aerosols may be transported over
  distances of  several hundred kilometers  and produce air pollution  episodes far
  from  the pollution source.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
   *Air pollution
   *Aerosols
   *Sulfate
   *Sulfur dioxide
   *Sulfuric acid
    Electric power plants
   *Plumes
^Conversion
                                             h.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                               Project MISTT
                                                   COSATI I icId/Grmip   |
13B
07D
07B
1011
21B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                      19 SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                        UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF
                                                                               PAOES
                                                                               38
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       165

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                                   'icHNicAi  uronrDAiA
                            'l' iHi '/•.;•/ li..itu. //cm .' lit- ifvi He 'ic/'Wc rti'iii'
1  Rl (''ill t int.
   EPA-600/7-77-033
   PB-268238
4. TITLE AND Sl/OTITLf
     COMPACT,  IN-STACK,  THREE SIZE CUT PARTICLE
     CLASSIFIER
                           5. Ml TOUT OATF
                             ApH_M977	.__	

                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                           1. HLCIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
7. AUTHORISI
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
     Georqe E. Lacey,  Kenneth M.  Cushing, and
     Wallace B.  Smith	
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
     Southern Research Institute
     2000  - 9th Avenue South
     Birmingham,  Alabama 35205
                                                           10. PROGHAM ELEMENT NO.
                               1NE625   BA-37  (FY-76)
                           11. CONTHACT/ORANT NO.

                               68-02-1736
12. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
     Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory -RTP,NC
     Office of  Research and Development
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
     Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
                                                             •VPE OF REPORT AND PERIO
                                                              Final 5/75 -  10/76
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                             EPA/600/09
               NOTTS
16. ABSTRACT
     A 'compact,  in-stack, three size cut  particle classifier was designed,  fabricated
     and  tested.   The classifier consists  of  a  two-stage impactor and  back-up filter
     designed  to  measure the particulate  emissions from sources in  three  size ranges:
     >3um, ^l-3um, 
-------
                                   TECHNICAL KEI'CM DATA
                               r rcnit linn in litHix tin lite n  w IH'JOIT cnnii>lriiiifl
l  ni .-OUT NO

_lil'Ar6UO/7/77..-0'l9	 -.  ......
.». TII i.r AND suni iTi_f
                              7,
   PB-269576
                                                            1. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Air Resources  Section
   Chemical  Engineering Department
   Washington  State University
   Pullman,  Washington  99IM
   AMBIENT HYDROCARBON AND OZONli  CONCENTRATIONS
   NEAR A REI:INF;RY
   Laivrencevillc,  Illinois  -  1974	
                           G. REPORT DATF
                               Mav  1977
7. AUTHOH(S)
   II. II. Westberg,  K. J. Allwine,  and E. Robinson
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Rcscarcli Laboratory  -  RTP, NC
   Office of  Research and Development
   U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North  Carolina   27711	
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                            1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                             1NI-025B   r.A-01    (FY-77)
                            1 1. CONTRACT/CHANT NO.

                                68-02-1231
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                _r.i.na.L	
                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                EI'A/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

         In  the summer of  1974,  a study was undertaken to establish  the effect of
   refinery emissions on  the  air quality of  a  region.  The  refinery studied was op-
   erated by Texaco in Lawrenccvil J.c, Illinois.   Air sampling was  conducted from a
   ground based trailer and  from aircraft.   Results showed  that  the plume was
   readily  detectable as  far  as 25 miles downwind.   No increase  in  ozone was
   observed downwind of the  refinery, probably because of the  low  reactivity of
   the hydrocarbons (.mostly  alkancs) and the very low levels of  nitrogen oxides.
 17.
 .1.
                  DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

               1).IDENT)FIEHS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Ai r pol hit ion
Rcfincrics
Smog
Hydrocarbons
Ozone
Nitrogen  oxides
Sampling
                          PhotochcmicaI
                            reactions
                   Lawrcnccvilie,  111
                                                                   C.  COSATI I
                                                                            0-1B
                                                                            07C
                                                                            07 B
                                                                            14B
                                                                            07 E
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
               19. PI CURITY CLASS (Tins Report!
                 JNt:,ASSlTIEI.)
                                                                    21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                       106
                                                         CLASS
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
  r-A Form 2220-1 (9-73J
                                         167

-------
                                  TECHNICAL R'.PORT DATA
                           (I'lcasc read iHUnictions on tin reverse
'^60077-77-055
                             2.
PB-269582
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 THE MEASUREMENT OF CARCINOGENIC VAPORS  IN AMBIENT
 ATMOSPHERES
                                                           RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                         REPORT DATE
                               June  1977
                         PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 Edo D.  Pellizzari
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Research Triangle Institute
 Research Triangle Park
 North Carolina  27711
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                          1NE 625  EB-07 (FY-77)
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-1228
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTP, NC
.Office of Research and Development
.U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711	
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                          Final 6/75 - 6/76
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES '
 16. ABSTRACT

      Analytical techniques  and  instrumentation, which had been developed during  the
 previous contract years, were  further evaluated for the collection and analysis  of
 carcinogenic and mutagenic  vapors occurring in ambient air.  The areas of  investigatioi
 included (a) the development of a permeation system for delivering precise quantities
 of organic vapors for  calibrating Instruments, (b) the development of procedures for
 the preparation of  glass capillary columns for effecting the resolution of complex
 atmospheric vapor mixtures, (c)  the characterization of organic vapor emissions  from
 pneset controlled fires, (d) the survey of ambient air samples taken at various  sites
 around the continental  U.S. for the detection of N-nitrosoamines, (e) the  identificat-
 ion and quantification of N-nitrosodimethylamines in samples collected in  Baltimore,
 MD and the Kanawha  Valley,  WV,  and (f) the characterization of ambient air for  hazard-
 ous and background  pollutants  from several geographical areas within the continental
 U.S.

,7 KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
.1. DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
Collection methods
Carcinogens
Vapors "
Gas chroma tography
Mass spectrometry
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
h.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS ( I'liis Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
^•ms&ffMS*'1*'
c. COSATI rfcld/Crniip
13B
ORE
07D
14B
21. NO. OF PAGES
302
22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (9-731
                                        168

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (1'lcasc read laumctioni on the reverie before comr/letiiif)
1. FUPOR1 NO.
 EPA-600/7-77-076
                             2.
PB-273153
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION1 NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
AEROSOL  RESEARCH BRANCH, ANNUAL REPORT  FY1976/76A
Federal  Interagency Energy/Environment  Research and
Development  Program	
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                              August  1977
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
W.E. Wilson  and C.  Danskin, editors
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office  of  Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                          1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                              1NE-625
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of  Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research-Triangle Park, NC  27711	
            - RTP, NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

    Final	
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
                     A complementary report,  EPA-600/3-77-080,  describes research
      activities  funded by EPA's base  program.
16. ABSTRACT

     The  research program of the Aerosol Research Branch includes  research grants and
contracts at  institutions in many parts  of the United States,  in addition to an
intramural program.   The purpose of  these projects is to study the chemical and
physical  properties  of aerosols, identify the mechanisms of  aerosol formation and
removal,  and  conduct experiments to  measure these rates.

     The  results of  the research are being used (1) to establish the contribution of
the various sources  to the ambient atmospheric aerosol loading, (2) to characterize
urban, natural,  and  primary and secondary aerosols, (3) to develop quantitative
descriptions  of  the  generation and removal rates associated  with each major aerosol
source and sink, (4) to quantify the effects of aerosol on atmospheric chemical
reactions, and (5) as a scientific basis for recommending regulatory actions concerned
with air  quality improvements.

     The research projects totally  or partially funded by  the Federal Interagency
 Energy/Environment Research and Development Program are described.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c. COSATI Field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Aerosols
 *Research projects
                                           13B
                                           07D
'8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport;
              UNCLASSIFIED
              21. NO. OF PAGES
                    67
             20. SECURITY CLASS (This pogt)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                        22. PRICE
   Form 22JO-1 (»-73>
                                        169

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inuructions on the reverse before comfileting)
  REPORT NO.
    tPA-600/7-77-104
                             2.
                                PB-272551
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANOSUBTITLE

  LITERATURE  SURVEY OF EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED  WITH
  EMERGING  ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
             5. REPORT DATE
                 September  1977
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
  AUTHOR(S)
  J. E. Sickles,  II, W.C. Eaton, L.A. Ripperton,
  and R.S. Wright                         '	
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  "ERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Research Triangle Institute
  Research Triangle Park
  North Carolina  27709
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

              1NE625  (FY-76)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

              Contract No.  68-02-225S
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF,  NC
  Office, of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, NC 27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                Interim	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

               EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

        A literature survey was conducted to address fuel contaminants and  atmospheric
  emissions from the following energy-related operations:  coal gasification,  coal
  liquefaction, shale oil production,  and petroleum refining.
        Sulfur and nitrogen found  in  coal, coal liquid product, shale oil,  and
  petroleum crude are, for the most  part, organically bound.  Only coal  was found to
  have  substantial amounts of inorganic contaminants, and this was as pyrite (FeS2).
  The sulfur content of most fuels-is  less than 5% and occurs as thiols
  (mercaptans), sulfides, disulfides,  and thiophenes.  Nitrogen is usually reported
  .at less than 2% and occurs as pyridines, pyrroles, indoles, carbazoles,  and
  ben:: amides.
        Quantitative estimates of  criteria air pollutant emissions from  energy-related
  operations are tabulated.  A broad spectrum of sulfur-containing compounds,  nitrogen-
  containing compounds, and hydrocarbons has been identified from analyses of  inter-
  mediate process streams and final  products from fuel conversion processes.  The
  surveyed literature provides a  basis for identifying the major emissions. The same
  or similar species are expected to be emitted from each fuel conversion  facility.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                          c.  COSATI Field/Croup
   *   Air pollution
   *   Energy
   *   Sources
   *   Reviews
                              13B
                              05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

 '   75
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1(1-73)
                                          170

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  PROGRAM   ELEMENTS
                                                          E  H  E  6  2  5
  OBJECTIVE   SUMMARY
                                                          Increased  reliance  on  domes-
 ic energy sources 1s resulting 1n Increased extraction  and  combustion  of  coal,  the
 :evelopment of advanced combustion technologies, and  the potential  for  development of
 .eothermal, oil shale, and synthetic fuel  Industries,  Nearly every phase  of  these
 iiel cycles may result 1n the release of pollutants to the environment.
    As pollutants move through the environment, their physical, chemical  and  biolo-
 1cal Interactions often result 1n their transformation  to new  compounds which may be
Mther a greater or lesser environmental threat than  the parent compound.  The purpose
af these activities 1s to determine the origins, loads,  transport pathyways,  transfer
rates, and fates for single pollutnats and conbinatlons  of pollutants released to the
itroospheric environment primarily from coal, oil shale,  and  geothermal  fuel cycles.
These activities also Include the development of methods and Instrumentation  for the
 easurement of energy-related pollutants,  and the performance of special field studies
 nd analyses related to characterizing the levels of  certain pollutants injected into
 he environment by new technologies and energy developments  at  specific geographical
 1tes,
                                        171

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           fl'lcau read IrtOruc lions on the reverie before completing)
                             2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                   PB-269559
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 HYDROCARBON AND OXIDANT CHEMISTRY OBSERVED AT A
 SITE NEAR ST. LOUIS
             5. REPORT DATE
               June 1977
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  R.A. Rasmussen, R.  Chatfield and M. Holdren
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Washington State  University
  Pullman, Washington  99163
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                   EHE625  EA-18 (FY-76)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                   68-02-2254
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF,  NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
               Final   6/75-3/76
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                   EPA/600/09
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

  The data analysis  of this project was  funded through Purchase Order  No.
  DA-6-99-1993J.	
16. ABSTRACT
        Integrated quantitative gas  chroroatographic measurements  of  the nearly one
  hundred  individual hydrocarbons present in ambient air were made  to determine the
  total non-methane organic burden  at  a midwest rural site  in coordination with
  halocarbon,  oxidant and local meteorological variables in July and August 1975.
  Although the sample location was  clearly rural, it was only 100 km north of
  St. Louis, Missouri.  Consequently,  four situations could be distinguished at this
  site: clean rural air, transport from near urban areas,  transport from distant
  urban areas, and air-mass stagnation.  In the latter situation, the rural' ait was
  -well  mixed on a regional scale with  natural and anthropogenic  ozone precursors.
  Fluorocarbon-11 and meteorological data were used to identify  and describe the
  four  situations and to interpret  the observed concentrations of hydrocarbons and
  oxidant  resulting from local photochemistry and transport.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                           c. COS AT I Field/Group
   *Air pollution
   *0zone
   *Hydrocarbons
    Gas chromatography
   *Photochemical  reactions
    Meteorological data
    St. Louis, MO
    13B
    07B
    07C
    07D
    07E
    04B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
    UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

    115
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
    UNCLASSIFIED
                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
                                       172

-------