Report
Abstracts
MAR 78
nta/ £
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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^ ' UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
March 1978
The attached abstracts (EPA Forms 2220-1) represent reports
that have been issued through EPA's Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory during the past month. They are sent to you
because of the indication that you are interested in our multimedia
activities relating to the control of environmental pollution.
If any of the abstracts interest you (and you desire the full
reports), the reports should be available (prepaid) in 6-8 weeks
from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department
of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151
(phone 703/321-8543).
If you desire either to discontinue receiving these monthly
abstracts, or to nominate additional recipients, please fill in the
required information below, as well as the return address block
on the reverse hereof, and return the sheet to us.
Sincerely yours,
m/K.. Bur chard
Director
Encl: (17)
( ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please start sending your monthly abstracts to the addressees
indicated below (complete addresses, please):
-1-
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(Please include ZIP code)
PLACE
STAMP
HERE
To: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 64
(Fold on dotted lines and seal before mailing)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-I87b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION* NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Emission Testing and Evaluation of Ford/Koppers
Coke Pushing Control System; Volume II. Appendices
5. REPORT DATE
September 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Fred Cooper, Thomas Loch, John Mutchler,
and Jane Vecchio (Clayton Environmental Consultants,
Inc.)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Ford Motor Company
The American Road
Dearborn, Michigan 48121
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB604
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-0630
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Final: 12/73-8/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES J.ERL-RTP project officer for this report is Norman Plaks, Mail
Drop 62, 919/541-2733.
16. ABSTRACT
The report documents a field testing and engineering evaluation of the per-
formance of a retrofitted, mobile-hood, high-energy-scrubber control system, abating
coke-side pushing emissions from a 58-oven coke battery. It documents the venturi-
scrubber inlet and outlet emission rates, as well as emission factors for filterable and
condensible particulate, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, total sulfur oxides, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, benzene, benzene,and homologues, total light hydrocarbons
methane and homologues, and ethylene and homologues. Results indicate that the
mobile hood collects particulate emissions resulting from green and clean pushes at
22% to 54% efficiencies, respectively, or from 30% to 92%, respectively, using two
different estimating techniques. Scrubber performance averaged 99.3% for particulate
emissions captured in the hood.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
Air Pollution
Scrubbers
Coke
Coking
Emission
Dust
Iron and Steel Industry
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Coke Pushing
Particulate
13 B
07A
21D
13 H
11G
11F
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
600
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-3-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read /nuructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-218
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Development of Technology for Controlling BOP
Charging Emissions
5. REPORT DATE
October 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
K.E. Caine, Jr.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
National Steel Corporation
Research and Development Department
P'.O. Box 431
Weirton. West Virginia 26062
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB604; ROAP 21AQR-05
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1370
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final: 6/73-12/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES TERL-RTP project officer for this
Mail Drop 62, 919/541-2733.
report is Robert C. McCrillis ,
i6. ABSTRACT
reporj. gives results of a. study of the basic oxygen process (BOP) hot
metal charging emission control technology, conducted with a 900 kg pilot vessel
designed for the experiments. Complete instrumentation was provided to measure
the emissions, the effectiveness of the various systems investigated, and the BOP
operating parameters. Twenty heats were made: four had no emission controls oper-
ating, to establish base line conditions; three used a slot hood; six used inert gas
purging of the vessel, to suppress emissions at the source; two were to evaluate the
closure plate concept: two were launder pours (pouring through the vessel hood); two
were tests of a canopy hood; and the last was an evaluation of slow hot metal pouring.
These tests showed that: a means of minimizing kish carryover will reduce emissions
slot hoods and gas purging are not practical; systems such as closure plates and
launders, which allow the vessel to remain under the main hood, are effective; and
canopy hoods are effective, if large enough. The study also included: tabulation of
domestic BOP shops; an historical review of BOP steelmaking; the influence of scrap
type on the type and amount of potential emissions; a survey of BOP charging emis-
sion controls in use or which have been tried; and emission tests of a production BOP
vessel during hot metal charging.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Held/Group
Air Pollution Metal Scrap
Iron and Steel Industry
Steel Making
Basic Converters
Oxygen Blown Converters
Charging
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
BOP
Hot Metal Charging
13B
11F
13H
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMf.NT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (Tliis Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
166
JO. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICG
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
EPA-800/2-77-231
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
t. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Blast Furnace Cast House Emission Control
5. REPORT DATE
November 1977
Technology Assessment
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
William P. May
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Betz Environmental Engineers, Inc.
One Plymouth Meeting Hall
Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania 19462
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB604
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2123
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 9/75-6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES J.ERL-RTP project officer for this report is Robert C. McCrillis,
Mail Drop 62, 919/541-2733. NTE No. PB 276999/AS has been assigned.
. ABSTRACT
s|.u(jy des cr ibes the state-of-the-art of controlling fumes escaping from
blast furnace cast houses. Background information is based on: a study of existing
literature; visits to blast furnaces in the U. S. , Japan, and Europe; meetings with an
ad hoc group of experienced blast furnace operators and engineers appointed by the
American Iron and Steel Institute; and a questionnaire sent by AISI to all its members
(the questionnaire resulted in operating and physical characteristics data on 151
standing blast furnaces). The limited emissions data available at the start of the
study had been obtained through the use of various rather imprecise methods . To
obtain additional more precise data, approval was obtained from Dominion Foundries
and Steel, Ltd. , to sample emissions from its No. 1 blast furnace cast house using
EPA sampling methods. (This furnace employs full emissions control using a total
cast house evacuation technique. ) Existing cast houses were classed according to
major factors influencing control scheme selection. For yet-to-be-design cast houses
suggestions are made for optimizing the integration of cast house emission control.
For both retrofit and new classes , technology gaps are identified and the nature and
scope of suitable development programs are proposed to fill these gaps.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
Air Pollution
Iron and Steel Industry
Emission
Fumes
Blast Furnaces
Casting
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Cast Houses
13B
11F
13 H
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
316
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-5-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Imintctions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-238
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Fine Particle Collection by a Flux-Force/Condensa-
tion Scrubber: Pilot Demonstration
5. REPORT DATE
December 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Seymour Calve rt and Shamim Gandhi
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Pollution Technology, Inc.
4901 Morena Boulevard, Suite 402
San Diego, California 92117
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB012; ROAP 21ADL-002
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1869
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final: 6/74-6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTAR-Y NOTES IERL-RTP project officer for this report is Dale L. Harmon,
Mail Drop 61, 919/541-2925.
is. ABSTRACTTne report gives results of a pilot-scale demonstration of flux-force/conden-
sation (FF/C) scrubbing for fine particle control, carried out on a secondary metal
recovery furnace. Results were consistent with those of preceding laboratory bench-
scale and pilot-plant studies. The system was generally capable of 90-95% efficiency
on particles with amass median aerodynamic diameter of 0.7-0. 8 micrometers A,
achieved with a 68 cm W.C. gas-phase pressure drop. A conventional high energy
scrubber without FF/C effects would require pressure drops of roughly 250 cm
W. C. for 90% and 535 cm W. C. for 95% particle collection efficiency. FF/C effects
are .those which accompany the condensation of water vapor from the gas and are
generally caused by contacting hot humid gas with colder liquid and/or by injecting
steam into saturated gas. Mathematical models have been developed for predicting
FF/C effects and for use in scrubber system design. Agreement between the model
predictions and experimental results was good. The report gives FF/C system design
details, experimental results, analysis of results, description of mathematical
models, design of an optimized system, cost estimates, and recommendations for
future research.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Scrubbers
Condensing
Dust
Iron and Steel
Industry
Furnaces
Mathematical
Models
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Flux- For ce/Condens a-
tion Scrubbers
Particulate
Secondary Metal Reco-
verv
13B
07A
07D
11G
L1F
L3A
12A
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
195
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-6-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inuniciions on the reverse before completing)
. RCPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-77-108
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
tudy of a Thermal Aerosol Oil Burner
5. REPORT DATE
September 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
r.E. Janssen, J.J. Glatzel, E.R. Wabasha, and
U. Bonne
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Honeywell, Inc.
0701 Lyndale Avenue, South
Bloomington, Minnesota 55420
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2194
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial- Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 9/76-5/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL_RTp project officer for this report is Robert E. Hall, Mail
Drop 65, 919/541-2477.
i6. ABSTRACT
repOrt gives results of a study of a thermal aerosol oil burner, aimed
at counteracting the poor atomization and excess burner capacity that are known to
reduce seasonal efficiency and contribute to excess emissions in residential oil
burners. Generation of a thermal aerosol of the fuel was shown to improve combustion
in terms of: (1) increased quantity and volume of fuel droplets 1 micrometer and
smaller; (2) permitted firing rate reduction in standard nozzles of 50 to 70%; (3) when
combined with swirl (swirl parameter = 4. 5), gave increased combustion efficiency
by permitting operation at 2% flue oxygen with nonluminous flame, zero Bacharach
smol
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-SOO/7-77-117
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. T.TLE AND SUBTITLE overfire Air Technology for Tangen-
tially Fired Utility Boilers Burning Western U.S. Coal
5. REPORT DATE
October 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Richard L. Burrington, John D. Cavers,
and Ambrose P. Selker
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
C-E Power Systems
Combustion Engineering, Inc.
1000 Prospect Hill Road
Winds or. Connecticut 06095
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1486
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 6/74-3/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer for this report is David G. Lachapelle,
Mail Drop 65, 919/541-2236. NT1S No. PB 277012/AS has been assigned.
16. ABSTRACT
gjves results of an investigation and evaluation of the effective-
ness of overfire air in reducing NOx emissions from tangentially fired boilers burning
Western U.S. coal. Results are compared with those obtained during phase II, 'Pro-
gram for Reduction of NOx from Tangentially Coal Fired Boilers,' EPA contract 68-
02-1367. Both programs investigated the effect that variations in excess air, unit slag-
ging, load, and overfire air had on unit performance and emissions. The effect of
biasing combustion air through various out-of-service fuel nozzle elevations was also
investigated. The effect of overfire air operation on waterwall corrosion potential was
evaluated during 30-day baseline and overfire air corrosion coupon tests. Overfire
air operation for low NOx optimization did not significantly increase corrosion coupon
degradation. Overfire air operation and reductions in excess air levels were effective
in reducing NOx emissions. NOx reductions of 20-30% were obtained when operating
with 15-20% overfire air. These reductions occurred with the boilers operating at a
total unit excess air of about 15-25% % measured at the economizer outlet. Unit loading
exhibited a minimal effect on NOx emissions. Waterwall slag conditions had wide and
inconsistent effects on NOx emission levels.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
Air Pollution
STitrogen Oxides
Combustion Control
toilers
Utilities
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
NOx Reduction
Tangential Firing
Combustion Modification
Overfire Air
13B
07B
21B
2 ID
ISA
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
332
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-8-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read lutlructions on the reverse before completing/
. REPORT NO.
EPA-800/7-77-138
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Supportive Studies in Fluidized-Bed Combustion
5. REPORT DATE
December 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AVJTHOR(S'A. Jonke.G. Vogel.I. Johns on, S. Lee,J. Lenc,
A. Lescarret,J. Montagna, F. Nunes, J. Shearer, R. Sny-
der.G. Smith. W. Swift. F. Teats. C.Turner. I. Wilson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 South Cass Avenue
Argonne, Illinois 60439
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE623A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA Interagency Agreement
IAG-D5-E681
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Annual: 7/76-6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
project officer is Walter B. Steen, Mail Drop 61. 919/
• v. w. - «-...._.. ..,.. . . , v . — _ f . . . v JJ — A V .ft. .A. F* VJ ^**^ » V-** *V*W*. U~f V * H,^V^ JL <•—'• P—f VVi» WAA * AVAdftiXJL A^* *J +f ^J
541-2825. Previous report in this series was EPA-800/7-76-019. NTIS No. PB
276974/AS has been assigned.
16. ABSTRACT
report gives results of studies supporting the development of atmos-
pheric and pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) of coal. It includes laboratory
and bench-scale studies to provide needed information on combustion optimization,
regeneration process development, solid waste disposal, synthetic SO2-sorbent stu-
dies, emission control and other tasks. It includes characterization of a variety of
limestone and dolomites from various parts of the U.S. for suitability in FB combus-
tors. Reduction in solid waste volumes to reduce the environmental impact of the
waste sulfated limestone is a major goal of this program. These studies are to supply
data essential for the application of FBC units to public utility and industrial systems.
The report gives information on: 10- cycle combustion-regeneration PDU experiments
using Greer limestone and Tymochtee dolomite, bed def luidization , flowsheet develop-
ment, preparation of synthetic SO2-sorbents containing metal oxides, limestone char-
acterization , coal combustion reactions , the enhancement of limestone sulf ation by
NaCl, evaluation of on-line particle size analyzers, and status of flue gas cleaning
studies .
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Coal
Combustion
Fluidized-bed
Processing
Regeneration
Waste Disposal
Sulfur Oxides
Limestone
Dolomite (Rock)
Sodium Chloride
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Fluidized-bed Combus-
tion
13B
21D 07B
21B 08G
13H,07A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
212
20. SECUFtlTY CLASS (This page I
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-9-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-77-140
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Particulate Control with Cleanable Cartridge Filters
Using Double-Layer Media
5. REPORT DATE
December 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
William J. Krisko and Michael A, Shackleton
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
EPA-001
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Donaldson Company, Inc.
P.O. Box 1299
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB012; ROAP 21ADL-029
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1878
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final: 6/75-10/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTEST£RL-RTP project officer is Dennis C. Drehmel, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-292 &. NTB No. PB 276976/AS has been assigned.
is. ABSTRACT
repOrt gives results of a detailed assessment of the feasibility of a
new concept in fine particle filtration, nonwoven, double -mat, cartridge filters. The
filter consists of a fine fiber filtration layer supported by a porous substrate providing
physical strength to the resulting filtration media. A theoretical basis for fine par-
ticle control with this media is presented. Test results with 0. 3 micrometer DOP
smoke confirmed that the design objective of 90% collection efficiency was obtainable.
Preliminary economic analysis indicates that the cartridge filter will be less costly
than the standard baghouse. The saving is a result of the smaller system possible
with the pleated cartridge and the potentially higher air-to- cloth ratios with the fine
fiber media. The analyses comprised Phase I of the contract. Phase n evaluated the
fine particle control characteristics of the media in a pulse -jet cleaning cartridge
configuration. Both laboratory and field tests proved the media capable of high dust
removal efficiency of fine particles (<3 micrometers) while achieving good pulse- jet
cleaning characteristics.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Dust Control
Smoke
Filtration
Emission
Nonwoven Fabrics
Scrubbers
Kilns
Furnaces
Electrostatic Pre-
cipitation
Calcium Oxides
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulates
Fabric Filters
Double Mat Filters
Cartridge Filters
Baghouses
13B
21B
07D
HE
13A
13A
13H
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
196
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-10-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read lauructwns on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-77-148
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Second Symposium on Fugitive Emissions:
Measurement and Control (May 1977, Houston, Texas)
.. REPORT DATE
December 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHORIS)
J. King, Compiler
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
TRC--The Research Corporation of New England
125 Silas Deane Highway
Wethersfield, Connecticut 06109
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO,
68-02-2133
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Proceedings: 4-10/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Project officer Statnick is no longer with IERL-RTP; for details
contact D. Bruce Harris, Mail Drop 62, 919/541-2557. NT1S No. PB 276973/AS has
been assigned. ._.
. ABSTRACT
procee(jings are a compilation of technical papers prepared for presen-
tation at the Second Symposium on Fugitive Emissions, May 23-25, 1977, Houston,
Texas. The papers discuss the scope and impact of fugitive emissions (non-point
sources) and present techniques which have been used the measure these emissions.
Fugitive emissions control technologies are also discussed.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Emission
Industrial Processes
Dust
Water
Measurement
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Fugitive Emissions
Non-point Sources
Particulates
13B
13H
11G
07B
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
544
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-11-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please reftd Instructions on the rcvcne before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-78-003
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION' NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Environmental Overview of Texas Lignite
Development
5. REPORT DATE
January 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7.AUTHOR.S, D.Harner, K.Holland, S.James, J.Lacy,
and J.Norton
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
8500 Shoal Creek Boulevard
Austin, Texas 78766
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2608, W.A. 6
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final: 3-11/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL.RTP
541-2815.
officer is Roger P. Hansen, Mail Drop 63, 919/
is. ABSTRACT
gjves results of an investigation of possible effects of the devel-
opment of Texas lignite, forecast to the year 2000 and based on a 10- to 20-fold
increase of lignite utilization over 1976 levels. Lignite, a low-grade coal, is projec-
ted to provide an energy resource estimated to exceed proven oil and gas reserves of
the State of Texas. Development of this resource will induce some major ecological,
social, and economic effects throughout the entire Gulf Coast region. Secondary
attention is given to effects in the other Gulf Coast states. Particular attention is paid
to possible sociocultural impacts of development to largely rural communities , air
and water quality problems , land use and reclamation practices , and plant siting pro-
cedures to lessen adverse effects of mine-mouth energy conversion facilities (lignite
is unsuitable for long distance transport). Recommendations are offered for improved
state/Federal standard setting, improved forecasting and data collection, and for a
regional technology assessment of lignite development in the Gulf Coast states of
Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Lignite
Energy
Ecology
Sociology
Economic Analysis
Land Use
Reclamation
Plant Location
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Texas
Gulf Coast States
13B
21D,08G
06F
05K
05C
05A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
235
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-12-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-78-013
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Characterization and Generation of Metal Aerosols
5. REPORT DATE
February 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
.AUTHOR
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-78-015
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE SAM/IA: A Rapid Screening Method
for Environmental Assessment of Fossil Energy
Process Effluents
5. REPORT DATE
February 1978
5. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
L.M. Schalit and K.J. Wolfe
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
TR-77-50
9, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Acurex Corporation/Aerotherm Division
485 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, California 94042
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2160 (T.D. 4)
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 2-12/77
14.SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is JoshuaS. Bowen, Man Drop 65, 919/
541-2470. .
16. ABSTRACT
The report describes the simplest member of a sequence of Source Analy-
sis Models (SAMs) of increasing complexity and thoroughness which can be used as
tools to help with one or more of five tasks involved in the environmental assessment
of energy and industrial processes. The tasks are: (1) ranking individual effluent
streams by the expected toxicity of their discharges; (2) establishing sampling prio-
rities; (3) determining problem pollutants; (4) recommending best multimedia control
technology alternatives; and (5) recommending control/disposal technology develop-
ment programs. This model, SAM/IA, is useful for rapidly screening each effluent
stream from a specific source: it is based on comparing effluent concentrations with
the set of Minimum Acute Toxicity Effluent (MATE) criteria established by the EPA.
The report explains the purposes of SAM/IA, the format used, and the MATE cri-
teria against which pollutants are gauged. Several examples are included to illus-
trate specific facets of the model and of the format.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Combustion Control
Assessments
Selection
Fossil Fuels
Energy Conversion
Techniques
Effluents
Properties
Toxicity
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Environmental Assess-
ment
SAM/IA
Source Analysis Models
Rapid Screening Format
13B
21B
14B 06T
21D
10A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS 11'nis Rtportl
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGtS
166
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-14-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse betore completing)
REPORT HO.
EPA-600/7-78-026
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SR-52 Programmable Calculator Programs for
Venturi Scrubbers and Electrostatic Precipitators
5. REPORT DATE
March 1978
5. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Leslie E. Sparks
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
See Block 12.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
NA (Inhouse Report)
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 6-8/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Dr. Sparks' mail drop is 61; his phone is 919/541-2925.
IB. ABSTRACT
repOrt provides useful tools for estimating particulate removal by
venturi scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators. Detailed descriptions are given for
programs to predict the penetration (one minus efficiency) for each device. These
programs are written specifically for the Texas Instruments SR-52 programmable
calculator. Each program includes a general description of the mathematical model
on which the program is based and the formulas and numerical techniques used in
adapting the model to the SR-52. Numerical examples , program listing, and user
instructions are included.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
Air Pollution
Dust
Estimating
Scrubbers
Venturi Tubes
Programming
Manuals
Calculators
Mathematical
Models
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulate
Venturi Scrubbers
SR-52 Calculator
13B
11G
14B
07A
05B,09B
12A
Electrostatic Precipitators
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
77
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-15-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on tiie reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO:
EPA-600/7-78-034
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Physical Coal Cleaning for Utility Boiler SO2 Emission
Control
5. REPORT DATE
February 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
E. H.Hall, L.Hoffman* J.Hoffman* and R. A.Schilling
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Battelle Memorial Institute—Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE623A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2163, Task 851
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND.PERIOD COVERED
Task Final: 7-12/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is James D. Kilgroe, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2851. (*) Two authors are from the Hoffman-Munter Corp. , Silver Spring,
Maryland.
16. ABSTRACT
The report examines physical coal cleaning as a control technique for sul-
fur oxides emissions. It includes an analysis of the availability of low-sulfur coal and
of coal cleanable to compliance levels for alternate New Source Performance Stan-
dards (NSPS). Various alternatives to physical coal cleaning (such as chemical coal
cleaning, coal conversion, and fluidized-bed combustion) are also examined with
respect to alternate NSPS. Electric power supply and demand through 1985 are
reviewed, as well as the technology, cost, and environmental overviews of physical
and chemical coal cleaning techniques. Since the report deals with engineering
analyses of available data and several technologies in design stages, references are
somewhat limited. Descriptions of the methodologies used and the sources of infor-
mation are given in lieu of referenced published data in many cases.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Coal
Cleaning
Utilities
Boilers
Sulfur Oxides
Fluidized-bed Pro-
cessing
Coal Gasification
Electric Power
Demand
Electric Power
Generation
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Low-sulfur Coal
Coal Conversion
13B
08G,21D 07A
13H
13A
07B
2QC
10A
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS illiis Kepart/
Unclassified
21. NO. OF r-AG
111
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tillspage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-16-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-77-019
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
controlling Pollution Through Combustion Research
5. REPORT DATE
December 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOH(S)
NA
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Acurex Corp. /Aerotherm Division
485 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, California 94042
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2611, Task 5
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 6-8/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is Robert E. Hall, Mail Drop 65,
919/541-2477. NTIS No. PB 276975/AS has been assigned.
16. ABSTRACT
The document provides background information about the Combustion Research
Branch (CRB) of EPA's Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. The focus of CRB's programs is on reducing
emissions of oxides of nitrogen, and simultaneously determining the effect on other
emissions and on equipment performance. A program overview is provided with a
brief description of each major program area. A description of technology transfer
methods is given and future goals are discussed.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Combustion Control
Research
Fossil Fuels
Nitrogen Oxides
Boilers
Industrial Processes
Furnaces
Smoke
Dust
Internal Combus-
tion Engines
Gas Turbines
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulate
Environmental Assess-
ment
13B
2 IB
14B
2 ID
07B
13A
13H
11G
21G
13G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
15
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-17-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Intlructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-77-020b
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Particulate Control Highlights: An Electrostatic
Precipitator Performance Model
5. REPORT DATE
December 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORlS)
J. McDonald and L. Felix
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
SORI-EAS-77-675
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue, South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2114
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 11/76-11/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jjSRL-RTP project officer is Dennis C. Drehmel, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2925.
ABSTRACT
report des cribes a computerized mathematical model that can be used
to estimate the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) of different
designs, operating under various conditions. (ESPs are widely used to control emis-
sions of fly ash and other dusts from industrial sources.) Mathematical expressions
based on theory are used to calculate electric fields and dust particle charging rates.
Empirical corrections are made for non-ideal effects such as a non-uniform gas
velocity distribution. The model is expected to aid in improving ESP design and in
selecting optimum ESP operating conditions.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Electrostatic Precip-
itators
Mathematical Models
Collection
Efficiency
Estimating
Fly Ash
Dust
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Collection Efficiency
Particulates
13B
12A
14B
21B
11G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
14
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-18-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read /nitrucrions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-77-020c
2.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE pj^j^^g Control Highlights '.
Advanced Concepts in Electrostatic Precipitators:
Particle Charging
7. AUTHORlS)
D. Pontius and W. Smith
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue, South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
December 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
SORI-EAS-77-676
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
1 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2114
13. TYPE OF REPORT AJMD PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 11/76-11/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JJERL-RTP project officer is Dennis C. Drehmel,
919/541-2925.
Mail Drop 61,
IB. ABSTRACT rj-^g rep0rt giV6s highlights of an EPA research program aimed at devel-
oping and verifying an accurate theory of particle charging for conditions that are
typically found in industrial electrostatic precipitators. A new theory was developed,
in which the thermal motion of ions is assumed to dominate the charging process . The
theory was shown to agree to within 15 percent of published experimental data. To
further verify the new theory , experimental determinations of particle charging were
made, using a mobility analyzer to find the end points of particle trajectories in an
electric field. For particles of 0.32 to 7 micrometers diameter, the agreement
between theory and experiment was within 20 percent.
17.
a. DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Air Pollution Particles Air Pollution Control
Charged Particles Charging Stationary Sources
Electrostatic Precip- Dust Particle Charging
itators Thermal Motion
Ions Particulates
Ionic Mobility
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
-19-
c. COSATi Field/Group
13B
2 OH
11G
07D
20L
11
22. PRICE
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