United States      Environmental Sciences Research
         Environmental Protection  Laboratory
         Agency         Research Triangle Park NC 27711
         Research and Development
oEPA   Environmental
         Sciences Research
         Laboratory Report
         Abstracts

         (April 1978 -
         September 1978)

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               UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


  -c
**RO*
V^"*^,*                 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
 **. _ -cC11                           RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
                                     CAROLINA 27711
      The  Environmental Sciences  Research  Laboratory  (ESRL)  conducts  an
extensive research  program on  the  effects of air  pollution  on  the  atmo-
sphere  and the  subsequent impact on air and water quality and  land use
Both  laboratory and field investigations  involving the  sciences  of
chemistry, physics, and meteorology are used to obtain  necessary infor-
mation  to quantitate the relationships between emissions of pollutants
from  all  types  of sources and  air  quality and atmospheric effects.   The
ESRL  provides needed techniques  and instrumentation  for the measurement
and characterization of pollutants in the ambient air and in the emissions
from  all  types  of sources.

      The  ESRL Report Abstracts is  published semi annually for those who
are interested  in the activities of the Laboratory.  Journal articles  or
symposia  proceedings are usually available from local libraries.   EPA
Office  of Research and Development reports are available (prepaid) from
the:

                National Technical  Information Service (NTIS)
                U.S.  Department of Commerce
                5285 Port Royal Road
                Springfield, VA  22151
                              (phone:  703/321-8543)

Cite  the  PB number,  item 2 on the EPA Form 2220-1, when ordering reports
from  the  NTIS.

      If you wish to continue receiving these semiannual  reports, or
nominate additional  recipients, please fill  in the required  information
below, as well as the return address block on the reverse,  and return
this  sheet to us.
                                A.  P.  Altshuller
                                    Director
                   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
(  )     Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.

(  )     Please send your semiannual Reports Abstracts to the addressees
        listed  below:

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                                                                                 PLACE
                                                                                 STAMP
                                                                                 HERE
 (Please include ZIP Code)
                                    U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                    Office of Research and Development
                                    Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
                                    Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
      Mail Drop 59
                      (Fold on dotted line and seal  before mailing)

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instmclions on the icvenc before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA 600/2-78-038
              PB-284v828
                                         3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATING AND OPTIMIZING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING AIRBORNE ASBESTOS
                                         5 REPORT DATE
                                         June  1978
                                         6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
&.V. Samudra, F.C. Bock, C.F. Harwood,  and J.D. Stockham
                                         8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois  60616
                                         1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                          1AD712   BA-14 (FY-77)
                                         11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO

                                         68-02-2251
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.  C.  27711
                                         13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                         Final Report  6/75-6/77	
                                         14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                          EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Ihis report complements  EPA Report  600/2-77-178 entitled "Electron Microscope
Measurement of Airborne  Asbestos  Concentrations — A Provisional Methodology Manual"
16 ABSTRACT
Evaluation of EM methods  for measuring airborne asbestos fiber concentrations and size
distributions was carried out  by  studying a'large number of variables  and subprocedures
in a five-phase program using  elaborate statistically designed experiments.   Observa-
tions were analyzed by advanced regression techniques to evaluate  the  effects of
independent variables and subprocedures.   It was shown that the optimized method for
estimating airborne chrysotile should have the following features:   (a)  collecting an
air sample on Nuclepore filter;  (b)  coating the Nuclepore filter with  carbon; (c)
transferring the particulate deposit to a 200-mesh electron microscope grid  using
chloroform in a modified  Jaffe-wick  washer; (d) examining the grid  at  about  10,000 x
magnification (20,000 x for counting very fine fibers); (e) counting fibers  using a
field of view method; and (f)  identifying the type of asbestos from morphology and
selected area electron diffraction.

A. provisional manual of instructions was prepared (EPA Report 600/2-77-178)  and six
independent laboratories  participated in an interlaboratory test of the proposed method
using two air samples.  One of these was prepared at IITRI from pure aerosolized UICC
chrysotile, and the other was  an  ambient air sample collected by IITRI personnel in a
factory processing asbestos.   Intercomparison of the results from  the  separate labora-
tories yielded some preliminary estimates of the precision and accuracy of the provi-
sional
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
*Air pollution
*Asbestos
*Serpentine
*Amphiboles
 Measurement
DESCRIPTORS
   *Electron microscopy
   *Electron diffraction
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                          C  COSATI I Icld/Group
Chrysotile
13B-
 08G
 HE
 14B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                            19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                            UNCLASSIFIED
                           21 NO OF PAGES
                               197
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDI TION i s OBSOLE TE

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1  REPORT NO
 EPA-600/2-78-067
         PB-281-933
                                                          3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR ATMOSPHERIC
  PARTICIPATE NITRATES
  Final  Report	
                                   6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHORISI
  C.  W.  Splcer, P. M. Schumacher,  J. A. Kouyoumjian and
  D.  W.  Joesph
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Battelle-Columbus Laboratories
  505 King Avenue
  Columbus, Ohio  43201
                                    1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                    1AD712BB-42 (FY-78)
                                    11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           68-02-2213
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory-  RTP.NC
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                    13 TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED

                                     Final           	.
                                    14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                     EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       Environmental  conditions that affect atmospheric particulate nitrate
  sampling were  identified, and improved sampling and  analytical  procedures were
  developed.   Evaluation of potential sources of error in  high  volume nitrate sampling
  showed  that  artifact nitrate formation on commonly used  glass filter media was the
  most serious.   Both laboratory end field results  demonstrated that high purity quartz
  filters provide a  significant improvement over glass filters  and are easily sub-
  stituted for glass  filters in traditional high volume sampling equipment.  A
  sensitive, accurate and rapid nitrate analytical  procedure was developed using ther-
  mal decomposition  of nitrate and chemiluminescent detection of the decomposition
  products.  Ion chromatography was also investigated  and  found to be sensitive,
  accurate,  reproducible and rapid.  Ion chromatography has  the added advantage of
  determining  both nitrate and sulfate simultaneously.
17
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
      "pollution
 *Particles
 *Inorganic  nitrates
 *0rganic nitrates
 *Sampling
 *Filter materials
 *Chemical analysis
*Chemi1umi nescence
*Chromatography
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                 c COSATl Field/Group
13B
07B
07C
14B
13M
07D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report I
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21
                                                                                PAGES
                                              20
                                               uf
                                                          >S (Tins page)
                                                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (1'lcaic read linmicnons on tin-ic> i\i licjore c
 I REPORT NO
 EPA 600/2-73-099
                                --PB-283-678
  TITLr AVDSUBTITLE
 A MICROCOMPUTER-MODIFIED PARTICLE SIZE  SPECTJ- " "TTER
 Description and  Program Listings
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
             5 REPORT DATE
               May 1978
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)

 C. Lewis
             8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 (Same as Box  12)
             10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
                 ]AD712 A-24 (FY-77)
                                                           11  CONTRACT/GRANT NO
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory —  RTP, NC
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Aserrcv
 Research Triangle  Park. N.C. 27711
             13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                Tr.-'hrMiea   9/7R-17/77	
In-hou
PONSORI
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                 EPA/600/09
 15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16 ABSTRACT
      A fully automated aerosol particle  size  spectrometer system  is  described
 that consists  of a light scattering particle  sensor, an analog to digital
 converter, and a ndcrocornputer with associated printout device.   The system
 is capable of  acquiring a differential particle size distribution,   printing
 the resulting  spectrum in one of three representations, and repeating the
 procedure at preselected intervals. An example of the application of the
 system for measuring an outdoor aerosol  size  distribution is presented.

      The appendices contain documented microcomputer program listings and
 flow charts for Program Sizer (the, program that operates the spectrometer
 system and the principal result of this  study) and Program MCA (a program
 that converts  part of the spectrometer system to a conventional 256-channel
 pulse height analyzer).
17
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 "Air pollution
 "Aerosols
 -Particle size distribution
 " Spectrometers
 "Computers
 "Computer systems  programs
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                           c  COSATi Field/Croup
                                 13B
                                 07D
                                 148
                                 09B
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1


 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
 UNCLASSIFIED
           21 NO OF PAGES
                 69
2O SECURITY CLASS (Tintpage)
 UNCLASSIFIED
                           22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
I  REPORT NO
  EPA-600/2-78-104
PB-283-083
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

    GENERATION OF  SULFURIC ACID AEROSOLS
    FOR HEALTH EFFECT  STUDIES
                         5 REPORT DATE
                           June  1978
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)

    B. Y. H. Liu and  J.  Lev!
                                                           B PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    Particle Technology Laboratory
    Mechanical Engineering Department
    University of Minnesota
    Minneapolis, MN   55455
                          1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            1AA601  CA-24  (FY-78)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           R-801301
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
    Office of Research  and  Development
    U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Interim   9/76-3/78	
                          14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
       A generator has  been developed and constructed  for  producing sulfuric acid
  aerosols at 330 liters  per minute to an animal exposure  chamber of 330 liters
  internal volume.   Sulfuric acid concentrations in  the  chamber range from 0.13 to
  1.3 mg/m3.  Geometrical mean volume diameters of the aerosol range from 0.04 to
  0.15 pm, and the geometrical standard deviation of theu aerosol is about 1.6.

       The generator operates by atomizing a sulfuric  acid solution to form a poly-
  disperse spray.  The  droplets are then vaporized in  a  tube-furnace and the vapor
  injected into  filtered  air at room temperature to  form a high concentration of
  small sulfuric acid particles.

       The aerosol generating system has been evaluated  by means of several tech-
  niques.  Particle  size  distribution was measured by  an Electrical Aerosol Analyzer.
  Four independent techniques were used to measure the aerosol concentration:  an
  Electrical Aerosol Analyzer, a Quartz-Crystal Aerosol  Mass  Monitor, filter col-
  lection and weighing, and chemical analysis of collected particle samples.  Good
  agreement was  found.
17
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
             b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI field/Croup
  * Air pollution
  * Aerosols
  * Sulfuric acid
  * Aerosol generators
  * Development
                                           13B
                                           07D
                                           07B
                                           13D
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
             19 SECURITY CLASS (ThitReport)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                       21
NO OF PAGES
  68
                                              2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the /fi me before completing)
 1 REPORT NO
   EPA-600/2-78-109
PB-283-656
                                                            3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
    FLE AND SUBTITLE
    EXPERIMENTAL QUANTITATIVE TRANSPORT PROBE  AND
    CONTROL BOX SAMPLING  SYSTEM
                           5 REPORT DATE
                              June  1978
                           6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
    M.  B.  Ranade
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    IIT Research Institute
    10 West 35th Street
    Chicago, Illinois  60616
                           1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
                                  1AD605  BA-14  (FY-76)
                           11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-2434
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory -  RTP.NC
    Office of Research and  Development
    U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
    Research Triangle Park.  N.  C.  27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           	Final           	
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                              EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT                             ~	—	—	

   Three  quantitative sampling  transport probe and  control box sampling  systems were
   designed and fabricated.   The systems are designed  to permit the  transport of
   samples  of aerosols from a source to a sensor without significant modification
   of mass  rate and size distribution of the sample aerosols.  Descriptions of the
   systems  are given.  An operating manual is included.   Results of  functional tests
   demonstrated that the systems operate as designed with the exception  of pumping
   rates.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C  COSATI I Icld/Group
   * Air pollution
   * Aerosols
   * Sampling
   * Probes
   * Designs
                                             13B
                                             07D
                                             14B
 8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
              19 SECURITY CLASS (Tim Report)

                   UNCLASSIFIFJI
21 NO OF PAGES
              20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)

                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22 PRICE
      ML.
EPA Form 2220—1 (Rev 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the icverse before completing)
                                     PB-284-091
            TSA*IPLER  - A PRACTICAL APPROACH
 TO AEROSOL FRACTIONATION AND COLLECTION
                                                            3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
             5 REPORT DATE
                June 1978
             6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
        evens
T.G.  Dzubay
3 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
Office of Research and  Development
U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711	
             1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                 1AD712
             11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO
12 SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory — RTP,  N.C.
Office of Research and  Development
U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711	
             13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

             	Tn—
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                EPA-£600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      Procedures to size  fractionate, collect, and analyze ambient concentrations
of particulate matter_ are described. Emphasis is  placed on the design and characteristic 3
of the  single-stage dichotomous sampler. A new  inlet is described that samples
aerosol independent of wind speed and direction,  and a discussion of the advantages
of a  new pneumatic flow  control system is included.  Comparative results of the
high-volume and dichotomous sampler are presented.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C  COSATI I Icld/Group
 -Air pollution
 "Aerosols
 -Sampling
 "Particle size distribution
 "Instruments
                                13B
                                07D
                                14B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
     UNCLASSIFIED
                           21  NO OF PAGES
                                               20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage/

                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22 PRICE
EPA Foim 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDI TION is OBSOLETE

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on llir tciersc before compiiinif)
  REPORT NO
  EPA-600/2-78-126
                                PB-284-938
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE

  ANALYTICAL SYSTEM FOR MEASURING
  MALODOROUS COMPOUNDS FROM KRAFT MILLS
                                                           5 REPORT DATE

                                                            July  1978
                                                           6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  J. D.  Mulik, R. K. Stevens and
  R. E.  Baumqardner
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
                                                           10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                                             1AD712
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC   27711
                                                           13 TVPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             Final
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                             EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT                         ~~	—	~	
       Automated chromatographs  equipped with flame photometric detectors  were
  developed for the qualitative  and  quantitative analysis of low- and  high-
  molecular-weight sulfur compounds  in kraft mill effluents.  One chromatograph
  equipped with a Teflon column  packed with Teflon and coated with polyphenyl
  ether measured the following low-molecular-weight sulfur compounds:   hydrogen
  sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide  (S02), methyl mercaptan (CH,SH), ethyl  mercaptan
  (CpH.SH), aimethyl sulfide  ( (CH~7?S), and propyl mercaptan (C,H7SH).  A second
  chromatograph equipped with a  Teflon column packed with Teflon^and coated  with
  Triton X-305 measured the higher-molecular-weight sulfur compounds:   butyl
  mercaptan (C.HgSH), dimethyl disulfide {  (CH3)2S2), and .dibutyl sulfide  (  (C.HQ)9S)
       Kraft mill effluents containing sulfur species ranging in concentrations
  from 5 ppb to percent levels were  analyzed using a 6-stage dynamic dilution
  system.
       Sulfur emission data were collected  from two kraft mills, one employing
  strong black liquor oxidation  and  the other weak black liquor oxidation.   Part
  of the study was dedicated  to  determining the relationship between the total
  gaseous sulfur and the individual  sulfur  compounds observed chromatographi-
  cally.  In most cases, more than 90  percent of the sulfur emitted from the
  kraft mills studied was accounted  for by  chromatographlcallv identified  compounds.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        c  COSATI I Icld/Cruup
  * Air pollution
  * Sulfur inorganic compounds
  * Sulfur organic compounds
  * Sulfate pulping
  * Chemical analysis
  * Chromatography
                                                                            13B
                                                                            07B
                                                                            07C
                                                                            13H
                                                                            07 D
IB DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS (Tilts Report)

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21 NO OF PAGES
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins paKe)
                                                                           21.
                                                                        22 PRICE
                                                UNCLASSTFTFn
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev 4-77)   PREVIOUS emTiorg is OBSOL.Ej E

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                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             (/'lease read luunicnoiK on tlic n i c /-vc htfoic cmii^lt
 1  REPORT NO
   EPA-600/3-78-048a
            PB-282-447
                                    3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
   TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   HOUSTON URBAN PLUME STUDY  -  1974
   Description and Summary of Results
                                    5 REPORT DATE
                                      May 1978
                                    6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)

   James R.  Brock
                                    8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  The  University of Texas
  Department  of Chemical Engineering
  Austin,  Texas  78712
                                    10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                      1AA008
                                    11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO

                                      R800871
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF,  NC
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. North Carolina   27711
                                    13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                      Final
                                    14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                      EPA/600/09
  5 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT 	—	
        The  1974 Houston Urban  Plume  Study (HUPS)  was undertaken as a preliminary
   investigation of some of  the unresolved features of Houston's air pollution problem.
   HUPS  was  intended specifically  to  gain limited  information on the spatial and tempo-
   ral distribution of air pollutants—particularly, primary and secondary aerosols—
   in the  Houston area as an aid should  a later intensive- investigation ,of ..aerosol
   character and transport be needed.

        Aerial measurements were made of the principal pollutants (S0_, NO , 0 , CO,
   aerosol)  of the Houston area.   Wind-field measurements were also made. XThese data
   were  used to estimate pollutant budgets.   Values for SO- and NO  (14 metric tons/hr
   and 40  metric tons/hr, respectively")  were reasonably comparableXwith values derived
   from  emissions inventories of the  Texas Air Control Board (13 and 24 metric tons/hr,
   respectively).  On the basis of the limited sampling period, the industrial area
   (east of  downtown Houston) apparently is  the major contributor of primary air
   pollutants in the Houston area. In the morning hours above the mixed layer,
   relatively large ozone concentrations (max. 0.2 ppm)—almost certainly of photo-
   chemical—origin were found  that correlated closely with light scattering aerosol,
   thus  indicating the existence above the mixed layer of strong secondary aerosol
   sources.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *Air  pollution
  ^Aerosols
  ••''Sulfur  dioxide
  *Nitrogen oxides
  *0zonc
   Plumes
  ^Measurement
*Wind (meteorology)
 Airplanes
*Light scattering
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPtN ENDED TERMS
Houston, TX
                                                 C  COSATI I Icld/Croup
13B
07D
07B
21B
01C
20F
 a DISTRIBUTION STATEMENI

   RELEASE  TO  PUBLIC
                       19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
                          UNCLASSIFIED
                       21  NO OF PAGES

                          32
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Tini page)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                 22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1  REPORT NO
  EPA-600/3-78-057
PB-285-077
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM  SPECTROSCOPY TO AIR
   POLLUTION PROBLEMS
   Interim Report-1977
                         5 REPORT DATE
                          June 1978
                         6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
   AUTHORIS)
   Yoon S. Chang, J.H. Shaw, E. Niple,  J.G.  Calvert,
   W.H. Chan, S.Z. Levine, and W.M.  Uselman
                         8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   The Ohio State University Research  Foundation
   1314 Kinnear Road
   Columbus,  Ohio 43212
                         10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA603    AI-03  (FY-77)
                         11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO

                           R803868-2
  I SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory-RTF,NC
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711	
                         13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Interim
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   See companion reports EPA-600/3-77-026,  EPA-600/3-77-025
  6. ABSTRACT                              "—~~	
        An atlas of observed and calculated  air spectra from 700 to 2300  cm"1  has been
   prepared.  Methods of analyzing air  spectra to identify spectral features and to
   determine simultaneously the abundances of  atmospheric gases such as CO, N_O, CH, ,
   °3>  H2°'  and C09 have been explored.  These methods include ratioing observed ana
   calculated spectra and correlation analysis of absorption bands to obtain abundances
   by linear regression and non linear  least squares methods.  Absorbing  features of
   atmospheric gases such as 0 , HO, and N.O  have been removed from solar spectra to
   isolate underlying features of F-12  near  1160 cm  .
        New data were obtained related  to the  rate constant for the reaction,  HO + CO
   H + CCL,  as a funjtion^of pressure.  This rate constant is pressure sensitive:
   k = 439 + 24 ppm  rain  at 700 Torr air; k = 203 + 29 ppm  min  in air  at 100
   Torr.   The FTIRS system was employed in other studies to determine the rate constants
   for the reactions:  HO  + NO    HO NO  (Ref.22) and HO, + N0_ , HONO + 0. (Ref. 21);
   in 750 Tojr of air at 25 + 2&C, the  data  suggest k    7.2 x lO* and k   25.3 x 101
   ppm  min  .  Simulations of the reactions in a typical NO -RH-RCHO-poIIuted
   atmosphere exposed to sunlight show  that  the theoretical rate of HO^NO. generation
   is similar in magnitude to those expected (and observed in real atmospheres) for
   peroxyacylnitrates.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
  * Air pollution
  * Infrared  spectroscopy
  * Optical equipment
    Solar spectrum
  * Reaction  kinetics
  * Photochemical  reactions
              Fourier transform
              spectroscopy
  13B
  14B
  2 OF
  03B
  07D
  07E
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19 SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
            UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO OF PAGES
   120
                                             20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                      22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read luiinictiom on the reverse before completing)
 1 REPORT NO
  EPA-600/3-78-058
                                 PB-284-066
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE

   STUDT OF REMOVAL  PROCESSES FOR HALOGEHATED
   AIR POLLUTANTS
                                                     5 REPORT DATE
                                                       June 1978
                                                     6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)

  A.  Snelson, R. Butler,  and F. Jarke
                                                     8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   IIT Research Institute
  Chicago,  Illinois  60616
                                                      10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                           1AA603
                                                                   AI-04  (FY-77)
                                                      11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                                                          R803805-02-2
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTP, -NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. North Carolina  27711	
                                                      13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                          EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16 ABSTRACT
        The fate of halocarbons  released into the atmosphere from anthropogenic  sources
  and  their potential impact on the stratospheric ozone layer has been  studied.
  Experimental kinetic data have been obtained for the reaction of OH radicals  with
  CH3C1,  CH C12, CHC1 , C2H Cl,  C^ Cl   CH CC1 , C Cl   C H Br , and CO.  Best values
  for  the OH + halocafbon rate  constants have been assessed Ind2tropospheric  life-
  times calculated.
        The kinetics of the homogeneous gas phase hydrolysis of the secondary  anthro-
  pogenic halocarbon pollutants,  CC1 COC1, CCl.HCOCl, CC1H COC1, and COC1  have been
  studied.   The rate studies show that removal by gas phase hydrolysis  would  have   •
  halflives in excess of 100 years.   Some preliminary heterogeneous rain out  studies
  have  been made on CCI^COCl, which though not conclusive, suggest that rain  out
  would probably be an effective sink for its removal but that the uncertainties
  are  such that this mechanism  requires further study.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                   c  COSATI Field/Group
   *

   *

   *
Air pollution
Halohydrocarbons
Reaction kinetics
Chemical reactions
Chemical radicals
Half life
                                                 Removal processes
13B
07C
07D
18H
 9 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                         19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                          UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                   21 NO OF PAGES
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
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-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Initrnctiotis on the rcicrse before completing}
 1  REPORT NO
  EPA-600/3-78-Q59
PB-284-025
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

   COMPUTER MODELING  OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
                        5 REPORT DATE
                         June  1978
                                                           6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)

  D.G. Hendry,  A.C.  Baldwin,  J.R. Barker, and D.M. Golden
                        8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
  PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  SRI  International
  333  Ravenswood  Avenue
  Menlo  Park,  California  94025
                        10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
                           1AA603   AC-20 (FY-77)
                        11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO

                           Contract No.  68-02-2427
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. North Carolina  27711	
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Interim  Q/7ft - O/77	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
 is SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT           '•	~	~	—	
       This report  discusses continuing efforts to develop  kinetic mechanisms to
  describe the  formation  of photochemical smog.  Mechanisms were  formulated for
  the ethene, propene,  butene-1,  trans-butene-2, n-butane,  2,3-dimethylbutane,
  and toluene/NOx systems.   Smog  chamber data collected.at  the  University of
  California, Riverside were used to test these mechanisms.   The  mechanisms are
  composed of critically  evaluated kinetic data for the individual reactions to
  the extent possible.  Where data on specific reactions were not available or
  were not at the appropriate temperature and pressures, thermochemical techniques
  were used to  estimate or  extrapolate existing data to obtain  the desired rate
  data.  Whenever thermochemical  data were estimated to predict rate constants,
  error bounds  were assigned to the estimates and the  resulting rate constants.
  In only a relatively  few  cases   was it necessary to  vary  the  estimated rate
  constants within  the  error limits in order to optimize the agreement between
  computed and  experimental concentration-time profiles.  Given the kinetic
  information currently available, this general approach minimizes the need for
  adjustment of rate constants and produces mechanisms that are valid representations
  of the homogeneous gas-phase chemistry of each of these hydrocarbons in photochemical
  smog formation.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        C COSATI field/Group
     Air pollution
     Reaction kinetics
     Photochemical reactions
     Mathematical models
     Computerized simulation
                                          13B
                                          07D
                                          07E
                                          12A
                                          14B
 8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
          19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
  304
                                             20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1 REPORT NO
   EPA-600/3-78-061
PB-285-059
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5 REPORT
   BIOGENIC  SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN  COASTAL  ATMOSPHERES
   OF NORTH  CAROLINA
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
  AUTHOR(S)
 Dian R.  Hitchcock, Lester L. Spiller*  and
 William  E.  Wilson*
                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Hitchcock Associates
 Norton Lane
 Farmington,  CT  06023
                          10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            1AD712  BB-16   (FY-77)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                                                               FA-8-0764A
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 *Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  - RTP,  NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711	
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                             Final  8/76  - 2/77	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                             EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES .
 16 ABSTRACT
      Atmospheric  H2S, S02 , and participate  SOi^2",  Na ,  Cl~,  NHu ,  and NOs" were
 measured in  two experiments on the North  Carolina  coast to determine the levels of
 biogenic sulfur species at marsh and estuarine locations where dissimilatory bacterial
 sulfate reduction produces H2S in local anoxic muds.  The first (summertime) experi-
 ment demonstrated the occurrence of variable  and high H^S levels — 4-h means up to
 80 ug/m3 (57  ppb) — associated with low-tide mud exposure in a Spartine alterniflora
 marsh.  Little or no S02 was observed here, and little or no S02 or H2S were observed
 at a background site 2.4 km distant.  Biogenic sulfate in marine air masses ranged
 from 2  to 13 ug/m3, and was strongly associated with the loss of chloride from
 marine aerosols.   Both H2S and S02  were  observed  in the second (autumn) experiment
 at concentrations up to 7 ug/m3 (5 ppb) (H2S)  and 25 ug/m3 (17 ppb) (S02) at an estuarim
 site where anoxic muds are not exposed  to low tide, under conditions which implied a
 biogenic origin,  and the rapid conversion of  biogenic H2S to S02 .   Particulate excess
 (non-sea salt) sulfate and chloride loss  from marine aerosols were observed at this
 site in continental air masses (marine air  masses  did not occur) .
17
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c.  COSATI Field/Croup
   *Air pollution
   *Biological  productivity
   *Sulfur inorganic compounds
   *Aerosols
   *Measurement
   *Coasts
                North Carolina
13B
08A
07B
07D
08F
18  DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                       21 NO OF PAGES
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO
  EPA-600/3-78-062
PB-285-891
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS AND  OXIDANT TRANSPOR1
  Houston  Area 1976
                           5 REPORT DATE
                            July  1978
                           6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)

   H.  Westberg, K. Allwine, and E. Robinson
                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Air  Resources Section
   Chemical Engineering Department
   Washington State University
   Pullman, Washington  99164
                           10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                             1AA603   AJ-05 (FY-76)
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                             68-02-2298
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                             Final
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                             EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
        An  extensive air pollutant monitoring  program, including ground  level  and aerial
   sampling,  was carried out in the Houston  area during the month of July  1976.   Measure
   ments included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, PAN, methane, carbon monoxide,  individual
   hydrocarbons (C2-C1Q), halocarbons, condensation nuclei, and visual distance  plus
   numerous meteorological parameters.   Specific areas of interest included  (1)  oxidant
   formation and transport within the Houston  urban plume, (2) relationships  between
   ozone layers aloft and the vertical temperature profile, (3) composition  and  effects
   of  refinery and petrochemical emissions on  the local Houston air mass,  and (4)
   identification and quantisation of individual C?-C,n hydrocarbons in  the  Houston
   atmosphere.  Results of this field program  showed inat the city of Houston serves
   as  a  strong pollutant source.  Ozone  concentrations were generally high in down-
   wind  areas.  During the study period,  there were no "blanket" areas of  ozone  in
   southern Texas.  Therefore, high oxidant  levels observed in Houston are a  direct
   result of the precursors emitted in the Houston area.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        C  COSATI field/Group
 *Air  pollution
 *0zone
 *Transport properties
   Chemical analysds
 *Field tests
   Aliphatic hydrocarbons
                Houston
                                         13B
                                         07B
                                         07D
                                         1AB
                                         07C
 8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
              19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

               UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES

   250
                                             20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                               UNCLASSIFIED	
                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             (Please read Instructions on the reverse before com/ilcting)
  1 REPORT NO
   EPA-600/4-78-021
                                   PB-283-655
                                                            3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

   ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION  PARAMETERS IN PLUME MODELING
                                                          5 REPORT DATE
                                                            May 1978
                                                            6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)
   F.  Pasquill*
                                                             PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
             ORGX
                  IZATION NAME AND ADORES
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office  of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North  Carolina 27711
                                                           1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                                            1AA603 AB-02 (FY-78)
                                                          11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS         =*              "
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory -  RTP,  NC
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle  Park,  North Carolina 27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVF.BFn
                                                              Inhouse  1/77-8/77
                                                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                                EPA/600/09
 15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  *Visiting Scientist from  United Kingdom
        A  survey of the underlying foundations of the present systems  for  specifi-
   cation  of the atmospheric dispersion parameters for a continuous point  source
   leads to  the conclusion that  the basis for revision of the current  systems  is
   still far from complete, but  certain obvious evidence-points to desirable
   changes.   The author's previous recommendations on the crosswind spread are
   reiterated,  and a suggested revision for vertical spread as a function  of
   surface roughness, stability,  and for the unstable case, the convective velocity
   scale and mixing depth, is offered.
17

J
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         c  COSATl Held/Group
   Air pollution
  *Atmospheric  diffusion
  *P1umes
  *Meteorology
  *Mathematical models
                                                                            13B
                                                                            04A
                                                                            21B
                                                                            04B
                                                                            12A
                       RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS {Tins Report)

                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       21
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspage!
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         NO OF PAGES

                                                                           68
                                                                       22 PRICE
EP
   -orm 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the ret ciic before completing)
           4-78-022
                              2.
                                   PB-284-056
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING A SULFATE EPISODE
 IN  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                           5 REPORT DATE
                                                            May  1978
                                                           6. PlftFORMrfWG ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
   Gerard A. DeKarrais*
                                                          I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
  . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                                           1AAG03  AD-07   (FY-78)
                                                          11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
   Office  of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research  Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            Inhouse  4/77-1/78
                                                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                           EPA/600/09
      'LEMENTARY NOTES
   *0n  assignment from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric  Administration,
    U.S.  Department of Commerce
         Meteorological  conditions are characterized for a  prolonged  period in which
   an air mass  contained high concentrations of sulfate pollutants.   The period
   occurred  in  the  Los  Angeles area from February 26 to March  5,  1975.   In addition,
   the  episode  occurred during the off-season and virtually  coincided with an oxidant
   episode.   The  meteorological  conditions associated with both episodes were (a)
   slow moving  air;  (b) abundant sunshine; (c) elevated temperatures; (d) limited
   vertical  mixing  at the coast  and inland vertical mixing varying from  negligible
   at night  to  relatively deep in the daytime; (e) relatively  very poor  visibilities
   due  to smoke,  haze,  and fog;  and (f) high relative humidities  at  all  times at the
   coast and at night at inland  locations, but very low relative  humidities in the
   daytime over inland  locations.  The ozone episode ended with the  onset of strong
   winds and rain, while the  sulfate episode persisted into  the windy and wet period.
   Differences  in the spatial  patterns in sulfate and oxidant  concentrations were
   observed  and these are attributed to differences in the relative  humidities at
   coastal and  inland locations.
         Identification  of these  meteorological'conditions provides information
   for  air pollution investigators to use in attempting to forecast  future sulfate
   episodes.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Sulfates
* Meteorological data
* Evaluation
  Ozone
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                               Los Angeles, CA
                                                                        c  COSATI Held/Group
                                                                           13B
                                                                           07B
                                                                           040
                PEMENT
                     RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                             19 SECURITY CLASS (ThuReport)

                                                 JJHC1ASS1EI£D_
                                                                      21 NO OF PAGES
                                             2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                      22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO
   EPA-600/4-78-027
                                  PB-284-099
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   STUDY  OF THE  SUBARCTIC HEAT ISLAND AT
   FAIRBANKS, ALASKA
                                                          5. REPORT DATP
                                                            .lime 1978
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
   S. A. Bowling
   C. S. Benson
                                                          8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
 9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Geophysical  Institute
   Fairbanks, AL  99701
                                                          1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
                                                           1AA603  AE-29 (FY-78)
                                                                         NO.
                                                            802999
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
   Office of Research  and  Development
   U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                                                            Final  R/74-A/78	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                             EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
                                                                                      of
16. ABSTRACT           :'	"	'	'—'	'	
    The  heat  island associated with the City of Fairbanks, Alaska was studied as a
means of isolating the effects of self-heating modified radiative transfer  from other
causes of heat islands.  Minimal winter insolation virtually eliminated  the effects
variable albedo and the daily temperature  cycle; snow cover and dormant  vegetation
made differences in evapotranspiration unimportant, and.very low wind speeds minimized
the effect of surface roughness.  The observed steady-state heat island  under clear
skies and low wind speeds was around 10°C, with transient values reaching 14°C.  This
high value is probably due to the extremely steep ground inversions known to exist in
Fairbanks, as the heat island intensity correlated well with the strength of the
inversion between 2 and 60 meters elevation.  The depth of the mixing layer was less
than 90  meters, but the temperature structure at higher levels was disturbed, appar-
ently by coherent lifting of the stable air.  The wind field was extremely complex in
both time and space, with strong vertical  shears, horizontal eddies with scales super-
imposed  on gravity drainage.  Speeds were  generally too low for accurate measurements.
A self-heating term of 10KVI person"1 in winter and 5KW person"  in summer was derived
from the fuel  inventory carried out as part of the project.  The winter  value, applied
in a simple model  of a heat island over a  conducting and radiating city, gave realistic
                                            1 m sec"'.
 heat  island values with wind  speeds  under
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         COS AT I Field/Group
    Meteorology
    Heating
    Insolation
    Temperature inversions
    Wind (meteorology)
                                              Heat island effect
                                              Fairbanks, AL
04B
13A
04A
 8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                      RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       21 NO OF PAGES
                                                                           168
                                             20
                                                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the 't-verse before comrtlctmgl
 REPORT NO
 EPA-600/4-78-028
PB-284-107
 TITLE ANDSU8TITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION  STUDY
Point and Area Source Organic Emission Inventory
                           6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                            RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
                             REPORT DATE
                              June 1978
 AUTHOR(S)

R.W. Griscom
                                                           8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell  International
Air Monitoring  Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur,  MO  63141
                           10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA603  AA-09 (FY-77)
                           11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           68-02-2093
                           Task  Order 108  I
2 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS                    .._
Environmental  Sciences  Research Laboratory  - RTP, NC
Office of  Research and  Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA/600/09
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 6 ABSTRACT
     An  inventory of organic emissions from stationary  and  mobile sources
 has been assembled for the St.  Lou is  Air Quality Control  Region.   The inventory
 covers point and area sources  for  process, combustion and evaporative emissions.
 A breakdown into five categories had  been assigned  to each  source type.  The
 categories are (1) paraffins,  (2)  olefins, (3) aromatics, (4)  aldehydes, and
 (5) non-reactives.  This report describes how this  classification has been
 determined for hydrocarbon emissions  in the St. Louis AQCR  and provides sufficient
 reference data to derive alternative  schemes as required.  The breakdown was  made
 part  of  the RAPS Emission  Inventory System, which is stored on the EPA s Umvac
 computer at Research Triangle  Park, N.C.
17
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                          c  COS AT I field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *0rganic compounds
 *Emission
 *Environmental  surveys
 *Sources
                 St. Louis,  MO
 13 B
 07 C
 05 J
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
               19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

                UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES

    58
               20 SECURITY CLASS (Thu page)
                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22 PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the ft verse before completing/
1 REPQRTNP
  EPA-600/4-78-029
PB-284-081
                          3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 REGIONAL AIR  POLLUTION STUDY
 Heat Emission Inventory
                          5 REPORT DATE
                           June  1978
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
 F.E. Littman,  R.W.  Griscom, and E. Puronen
                          8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Rockwell  International
 Air Monitoring  Center
 11640 Administration Drive
 Creve Coeur,  MO  63141
                          10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
                           1AA603   AA-09   (FY-77)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                           68-02-2093
                           Task Order  108G
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTP,  NC
 Office of Research  and Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                          13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT	
      As part  of  the St. Louis Regional Air  Pollution Study (RAPS), a heat emission
 inventory has been assembled.  Heat emissions  to the atmosphere originate, directly
 or indirectly,  from the combustion of fossil  fuels (there are no  nuclear plants
 in the St. Louis AQCR).  With the exception of a small  amount of energy radiated
 into space as light, and the energy carried out of the  AQCR by cooling water
 (primarily the Mississippi River), all of the  energy released by the combustion of
 fuels is sooner  or later released to the atmosphere as  heat, either at the point
 of production (the power stations) or where it is consumed.

      This report deals with heat emsssions  from point sources as well as area
 sources.  Heat emissions from point sources account for about 11 percent in the AQCR.
 Point source  emissions are, however, in the form of concentrated plumes, while
 other heat emissions are diffused.  Thus, the  meteorological dispersion behavior
 of these sources is likely to be quite different.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C  COSATI I Icld/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Heat
 *Emission
 *Environmental  surveys
 *Sources
              St. Louis,
13 B
20 M
05 J
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


 RELEASE TO PUBLIC


EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION
             19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                       21 NO OF PAGES
  67
             2O SECURITY CLASS (This page)
               UNCLASSIFIED
                                       2? PRICE
                                    IS OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the *c\ erse before completing)
  REPORT NO
  EPA-600/4-78-034
                               PB-285-681
                                                            3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   AEROSOL ANALYSIS FOR THE  REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION  STUDY
   Interim Report
                                                         6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)

   F.S.  Goulding, J.M. Jaklevic and B.W. Loo
                                                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
   University of California
   Berkeley, CA 94720
                                                          1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                                          1AA603 AA44   (FY-77)
                                                          11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                                                          IAG-D6-0760
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory —  RTP,  NC
   Office of Research and  Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park,  N.C.  27711	
                                                          13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                          Interim 1/1/76 to 12/31/76
                                                          14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                               EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
        An aerosol sampling  and analysis program was conducted as part of the Regional
   Air Pollution Study  in  St.  Louis.  Ten automatic dichotomous samplers were operated
   in the field for two years  and collected  35,000 samples. The procedures used for
   analyzing these samples for total mass and  elemental composition  are described in
   detail. The characteristics of the betagauge  mass measurement and energy dispersive
   x-ray fluorescence analyses are discussed,  together with the factors that affect the
   precision and accuracy  of the data.
17
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
*Air Pollution
*Aeroso]s
 Samplers
*Mass
*Elements
*Chemical Analysis
       Fluorescence
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI I Icld/Grotip
                                                                                 13B
                                                                                 07D
                                                                                 14B
                                                                                 20F
s DISTRIBUTION STATEME'N

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                               19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       21 NO OF PAGES
                                                                              47
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev 4-77)   PREVIOUS EOI TION is oesOLE TE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1 REPORT NO
 EPA-600/4-78-037
                                 PB-284-866
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 DISPERSION OF POLLUTANTS NEAR HIGHWAYS
 Experimental Design  and Data Acquisition Procedures
             5 REPORT DATE
              June  1978
             6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
 S.  Trivikrama Rao,  Marsden Chen, Michael Keenan, Gopal
 Sistla, Ramam Peddada,  Gregory Wotzak and Nicholas  Kolak
             8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 New York State  Department of
 Environmental Conservation
 Albany, New  York  12233
             10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                 1AA601    CA-05 (FY-77)
             11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                 R-803881-01
 12 SPQNSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTP,  NC
 Office of  Research  and  Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                 Interim 9/75 - 3/77	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                 EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT           •~~	

      The major emphasis of this investigation centered  on  the  collection of
 particulate and  gaseous pollutant data, and detailed  micrometeorological data
 in a non-urban setting adjacent to the heavily  travelled  Long  Island Expressway.
 The purposes  for collecting the data were to  (i)  document  the  distribution of
 sulfate, lead, total  particulates and carbon  monoxide at'an array of sampl'ing
 points adjacent  to  the highway; (ii) study tne  micrometeorology associated with
 the highway,  with special  attention to those  parameters important in the
 determination of atmospheric dispersion,  (iii)  reevaluate  highway air pollutant
 emission factors from data gathered in tracer gas  experiments; and (iv) examine
 the applicability of  existing highway air pollutant dispersion models.   The
 location of the  sites and the experimental setup  for  collecting pollutant data
 are described, and  details of the data acquistion  procedures are presented.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                          c COSATI Field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Atmospheric  diffusion
 *Limited access  highways
 *Micrometeorology
 *Exper1mental  design
 *Data acquisition
                                13B
                                04A
                                04B
                                148
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


      RELEASE  TO-PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
 UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                            _66_
                                                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
    REPORT NO
    EPA-600/7-78-062
                               ,PI      TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                               (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
    TITLE AND SUBTITLE
2.
                                      PB-283-023
                               3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
    ••••-»- <-*t^w.3WDiill_C
    MEASUREMENT  OF CARCINOGENIC VAPORS  IN AMBIENT
    ATMOSPHERES
     Final Report
                               S REPORT DATE
                               April  1978
                               6. PERFORMING
  7 AUTHOR(S)

     Edo D. Pellizzari
    PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
     Research Triangle Institute
     Research Triangle Park
     North Carolina  27711
                               8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
     Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP  NC
     Office of Research and Development
     U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency
     Research Triangle  Park. North  Carolina 27711
     SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES       	             	
    ABSTRACT
ERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                               10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                 1NE  625 EB-07  (FY-77)
                               1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.


                                68-02-122B	
                               13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                unai
                               4. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                EPA/600/09
         Analytical methods  and instrumentation were evaluated  for collectina and
                  several different
                                                   areas  within the  Continental  U.S.
                   DESCRIPTORS
                             	KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
   *Air pollution
   *Collection methods
   *Carcinogens
   *Vapors
   *Sorption
   *Field tests

13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT'


   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
  ^^^"^^^^^••^^^••^^^^^•^^^••i
EPA Form 2220-1 {9-73)
                                                b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
               19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
               2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                            C.COSATI Field/Group
                                                 13B
                                                 06E
                                                 07D
                                                 148
          21. NO. OF PAGES
             258
          22 PRICE

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1

4.
REPORT NO
EPA-600/7-78-103
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
2
PB-285-678




PORTABLE VACUUM X-RAY SPECTROMETER
Instrument for On-Site Analysis of Airborne
Particulate Sulfur and Other Elements
7
AUTHOR(S)


J. V. Gilfrich and L. S. Birks
9



PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Naval Research Laboratory
Code 6480
Washington, DC 20375






12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS



Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development

- RTP, NC
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Parkr NC 27711
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO

5 REPORT DATE


June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE


8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO


10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1NE625D
EB-09 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
Interagency Agreement
EPA-IAG-D4-0490
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final



14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/ 600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES •
16. ABSTRACT
A portable vacuum wavelength-dispersive x-ray analyzer has been
constructed
for on-site measurement of the sulfur content of filter-deposited airborne
particles. Although designed to analyze for sulfur, the spectrometer is .adjust-


able over a limited range
With the x-ray tube rated
providing the potential for determining other elements.
at 50 watts, the
detection limit for sulfur of better than
17
a
instrument achieves a 100-second 3c
0.5 yg/cm2.


KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS

*Aerosols
* Sulfur
*X-ray analysis
*X-ray fluorescence
*X-ray spectrometers
*Air pollution
IB DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT



RELEASE TO PUBLIC


b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c COSATl I-icld/Croup
13B
07D
07B
14B
20F
21 NO OF PAGES
25
72 PRICE

EPA Form 2220-1  (Rev  4-77)
                               PREVIOUS  EDITION IS OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read /attractions on the reverse before completing)
 1  REPORT NO
   EPA-600/7-78-116
                                PB-285-765
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
    AN EXAMINATION OF SOME MICROMETEOROLOGICAL
    METHODS FOR MEASURING DRY DEPOSITION
                                                          5 REPORT DATE
                                                            July  1978
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)
    Bruce B.  Hicks and Marvin L. Wesely
                                                          8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Radiological & Environmental Research Division
   Argonne National Laboratory
   Argonne, Illinois   60439
                                                           10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                             1NE625   EA-24   (FY-77)
                                                           11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                                                            IAG-D7-F815
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
    Office of  Research and Development
    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                           13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            Interim Jan 77 - Jan  78
                                                           14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                            EPA/600/09
 15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16 ABSTRACT           :~~~	'	—	

      Dry deposition on natural surfaces is one  of  the major removal pathways  for air
 pollutants.   In  orde"r to develop mathematical descriptions for the numerical  simula-
 tion of the  transport, removal, and ecological  impact of pollutant gases and  aerosols,
 the dependence of  dry deposition rates on physical,  chemical, and biological  para-
 meters must  be understood.   Such relationships  can be studied by using several
 experimental methods  to determine the vertical  fluxes of pollutants over natural
 surfaces.  The possible experimental methods include aerodynamic, modified Bowen
 ratio, eddy  correlation, variance, and eddy accumulation.  The relative advantages
 and disadvantages  of  these methods are discussed,  with consideration being given to
 the sensor response time and accuracy.  The roles  of atmospheric stability and the
 zero plane,  site and  instrumental requirements,  and averaging time are discussed for
 flux measurements.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        c  COSATl Field/Group
      *Air pollution
      *Aerosols
      *Deposition
      *Flux (rate)
      "Micrometeorology
      *Measurement
      *Evaluation
                                                                          13B
                                                                          07D
                                                                          OAB
 8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


   RELEASE  TO  PUBLIC
                                             19 SECURITY CLASS (Tim Report)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
       27
                                             20 SECURITY CLASS (This page I

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
  EPA-600/7-78-117
                              2.
PB-284-905
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING THE
  1977  ANCLOTE KEYS PLUME  STUDY
                                                           5 RE
                         6 PERFORMING ORGANIZA1 ION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)

  L.  Hull,  W. Dannevik,  and R.  Woodford
                         8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Quality  Research, Inc.
  225  S.  Meramec-Suite 1121T
  Clayton,  MO  63105
                         10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            1NE625  EA-13  (FY-77)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                            68-02-2500
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
   Office of Research and  Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711
                         13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                            Final  2/77-11/77
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
        Meteorological conditions are described and analyzed  for nine  experimental
  observation periods of  the Anclote Keys Plume Study, which was  conducted near Tampa,
  Florida during February 1977.   The primary objective of  the Plume  Study was to
  investigate both the  short and long range transport of power plant  plumes and the
  formation rate of sulfate in a marine environment.

        The forecasting  center, radiosonde, pilot balloon,  and tethersonde systems
  are  also described, and the data acquisition schedules are included.   Raw pilot
  balloon and tethersonde observations and the derived wind  fields are  not included,
  but  are available from  the authors.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c  COSATl Field/Group
   Air  pollution
  *Plumes
   Electric power plants
  ^Analyzing
   Meteorological balloons
   Radiosondes
   Tethered balloons
          mo tanr^
                Anclote Keys, Florida
                Gulf Coast
                                                                           13B
                                                                           21B
                                                                           10B
                                                                           04B
                                                                           14B
                                                                           04A
                                                                           01C
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEW

  RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS (Tlni Report)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                       21 NO OF PAGES
                                             71
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/7-78-118
PB-285-419
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 INTERCOMPARISON OF SAMPLERS  USED  IN  THE DETERMINATION OF
 AEROSOL COMPOSITION
                          5. REPORT DATE
                           July  1978
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
 D.C. Camp, A.L. Van Lehn, and  B.L.  Loo
                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
 Livermore, CA 94550
 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
 Berkeley, CA 94720
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
                             1NE625D   EB-11 (FY-78)
                          11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                            IAG-D6-0800
                            IAG-D7-F1108
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory-RTF, NC
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
                          13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT         	—	
      An  intercomparison  study was carried out to evaluate the performance  of 11
 different designs of. aerosol  samplers.  The samplers were operated  by participating
 scientific groups having recognized expertise in sampler development and operation.
 The devices tested  include  hi-vol, TWO MASS, cyclone, CHAMP, streaker,  stacked filter,
 and manual and automated dichotomous samplers. The samplers were operated  in Charleston
 VIV for eight consecutive days duirng May of 1977. The collection surfaces  of each
 sampler  were changed at  least every 12 hours which enabled the  intercomparison to be
 made for 16 sampling periods. The collected samples were returned  to the laboratory
 of each  participant and  analyzed for mass, nitrate, sulfur or sulfate,  lead, and 9
 other elements.   Most  of the  samplers separated the aerosol into two fractions with
 50% separation diameters ranging from 2.4 urn to 4.3 ym.  The upper 50%  cutoff diameter
 for the  various  samplers ranged from 14 pro to about 30 \an.  Best agreement among
 samplers was found  for elmeents such as sulfur and lead that occurred primarily in
 the fine fraction.  The amount of total  mass collected was strongly influenced by the
 upper 50% cutoff diameter of  each sampler. For stacked filter samplers  and the tandem
 filter samplers,  the fine fraction appeared to be enriched with crustal elements such
 as Si, Ca, and Fe,  which suggests that there are particle bounce errors. Of all the
 samplers tested,  the automatic dichotomous sampler showed the greatest  precision.
17
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c.  COSATI Held/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Aerosols
 *Samplers
 *Comparison
 *Mass
 *Sulfur
                                        13B
                                        07D
                                        14B
                                        07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)

                                               IIMPI ASSTFTFH	
                                        21 NO OF PAGES

                                          151
                                             2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev 4.77)   PREVIOUS EDI TION is OBSOLETE

-------
  1 REPORT MO

    EPA-600/J-78-007
                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             frlcase read instructions on the reverse before completing)
                             2.
                                JOURNAL ARTICLE
                                                          3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
     ASSOCIATION OF OXIDANT  EPISODES WITH WARM
     STAGNATING ANTICYCLONES
                                                          5 REPORT DATE
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)
                                                            I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
    A.  P.  Altshuller
   ERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental  Sciences  Research  Laboratory
    Office  of Research and  Development
    U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
    Research  Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
                                               - RTP, N.C
                                                          10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                            1AA603
 (FY-77)
                                                          11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
2 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
   Office of Research and  Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research  Triangle Park,  N.  C.  27711
                                                 - RTP, N.C
                                                            13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                               EPA/600/09
 15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE
    REFERENCE:   J.  Air Pollu. Contr.  Assoc.,  28:152-155, February 1978
    A  ten-year data base of oxidant concentration measurements  has  been  combined with
    Korshover's criteria for  stagnating anticyclones to estimate  the  frequency of
    association of elevated oxidant concentrations with such anticyclones.   The highest
    frequency of coincidence  occurs in  the months of August and September in
    Cincinnati, Philadelphia,  St.  Louis and Washington, D. C.   Relaxing  Korshover's
    criteria  increases the frequency of coincidence modestly.   Limitations  in the
    approach  used are discussed  and modifications suggested.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
    *Air pollution
    *0zone
    *Meteorology
    ^Anticyclones
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                               Korshover's criteria
                                                                       c. COSATI Field/Group
    13B
    07B
    04B
    04B
    ISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                            19 SECURITY CLASS IThis Report)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
                                              70 SECUTTY CLASS 'This page.'

                                                UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                       12
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please rcaJ luuntriioiis on the rci me he fore eomi'
 REPORT NO
  EPA-600/J-78-008
JOURNAL ARTICLE
                                                          3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 OXIDATION OF CHLORINATED ETHANES
                                                          5 REPORT DATE
                                                          6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
 J.  Spence and P. Hanst
                                                          8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

    (Same  as  Box 12)
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
                                    AI-OS  fFY-77)
                          11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS        *"
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTF,  NC
 Office of Research  and  Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park.  N.C.  27711	
                                                           13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                              EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

    REFERENCE:   J. Air Pollut. Contr.  Asso., 28(3):250-253,  March 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
      The oxidation  products of seven chlorinated ethanes were identified using
 Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and long path  infrared techniques.   Photo-oxidation of
 each chlorinated ethane was initiated by  chlorine atoms in one  atmosphere of dry air.
 The chlorinated  reaction products included  phosgene, formyl chloride,  hydrogen
 chloride,  acetyl chloride, and chlorinated  acetyl chlorides.  Five  rules concerning
 the initiation reaction and the stability of  the intermediate products were setforth
 and were used to explain the photooxidation steps of each chlorinated  ethane.  Methyl
 chloroform was the  least reactive of the  chlorinated ethanes.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c  COSATI Held/Group
  *Air pollution
  *Chloroethanes
  *Photochemical  reactions
  *0xidation
   Infrared spectroscopy
                                              13B
                                              07C
                                              07E
                                              07B
                                              14B
IB DISTRIBUTiON STATEMENT

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EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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   1 REPORT NO
    EPA-600/J-78-009
                                     TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                              11 lease read Instructions on the teversc befor
                                 JOURNAL  ARTICLE
  4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OXIDANT  PROBLEMS:
    ANALYSIS  OF THE EVIDENCE/VIEWPOINTS  PRESENTED
    Part  II.   Evidence/Viewpoints on Key Issues
    ftUTHnmei   '	
  7 AUTHOR(S)
    B. Dimitriades  and A.P. Altshuller
  9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
      (Same as Box 12)
                                                       NC
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
                                                             REPORT DATE
                                                            PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
                                                            1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                                                  1AA603
                                                             1 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                                 EPA/600/09
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS	'	
   Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTP,
   Office of Research and  Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
   Research Triangle Park. NC   27711
 15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

   REFERENCE:  J. Air  Pollu.  Contr. Assoc., 28(3):207-212, March 1978.
 16. ABSTRACT       "	•	.	
      A  group of reviewer/experts reviewed evidence and viewpoints reported to date on
 the  issues of ambient oxidant/03 formation and control, and offered their conclusions
 and  recommendations.  The reviewers of the stratospheric ozone issue agreed that the
 stratosphere does not contribute in a  major way to the oxidant/03 problem experienced
 during  the smog season.   There was consensus also that elevated oxidant/03 concentra-
 tions can originate from  upwind  sources  as far as 1,000-km or further.  There was no
 agreement,  however, on the details of  such oxidant/03 transport.   Thus, transport of
 fossil  oxidant/03, transport of precursors,  and interaction of  transported pollutants
 with  local anthropogenic  and/or  natural  pollutants were proposed  specific processes
 with  uncertain relative contributions.   Natural emissions were considered as an unim-
 portant source of oxidant/03, but this judgement was  questioned based on indirect
 evidence.   Nearly all reviewers  agreed that the scientific evidence obtained since the
 inception of  the first oxidant control strategy does  not  invalidate the qualitative
 grounds of  that  strategy; that is, control of  anthropogenic organic emissions continues
 to be a valid approach to ambient oxidant  reduction.   There was strong reluctance
 however,  to endorsing quantitative strategy concepts  such as e.g.  quantitative assess-
ment  of organic  emissions based  on reactivity,  and calculations of numerical control
 requirements.   The majority of reviewers  concluded that the ambient oxidant/03 problem
 requires  control of both the hydrocarbon  and NO  emissions.
 17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
   * Air pollution
   * Ozone
   * Abatement
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC

EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                             19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                              UNCLASSTFTF.n
                                              !O SECURI1

                                               UNCT
                                                      CLASS (This page)
                                                                        C  COSATI I Icld/Group
                                                                            13B
                                                                            07B
21 NO Or PAGES
                                                                       22 PRICE

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  1 REPORT NO

    EPA-600/J-78-010
                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             (I lease read laufuctions on the reverse before completing)
                                JOURNAL ARTICLE
    TITLE AND SUBTITLE

    ESTIMATED  EFFECTIVE CHIMNEY HEIGHTS BASED ON
    RAWINSONDE OBSERVATIONS AT SELECTED SITES IN
    THE UNITED STATES	
  17 AUTHOR(S)              '	—	—
    George C.  Holzworth
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environnental  Sciences Research Laboratory
  Office of  Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection agency
  Research Triangle  Park. NC 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS        3	
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP,  NC
  Office of  Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle  Park, NC  27711
                                                          3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                          6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                                               1AA603  AP-06   (FY-77)
                                                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.	
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

     REFERENCE:  J. of Appl. Meteor.  17(l):64-69, February 1978.
                                                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE"


                                                                 EPA/600/09
  16. ABSTRACT
         The plume rise equations of Briggs  (1975) for variable vertical  profiles of
    temperature and wind speed are  described and applied for hypothetical  small
    and very large chimneys at five NWS  rawlnsonde stations across the  United States
    From other available data additional  information on plume behavior  is  deduced
    For example, based on the 0515  CST soundings at Nashville, 61% of the  effective
    plume heights for 50-m chimneys were  in  a temperature inversion, but only 21%
    for 400-m chimneys.  Ordinarily such  plumes  would be in a fanning configuration
    Most of the plumes from large chimneys  (60%) were above an inversion,  probably in

    mi^nn'h^h^'K J^?11^?* °f ***  Sma11 ^umes wre reached b* the  afternoon
    mixing height, but only 85% of  the large plumes were reached.  Such information
    supports the obvious presumption  that the effluent from large chimneys  remains
    airborne longer than that from  small  chimneys, is transported over  greater
    distances,  and has more opportunity to undergo chemical  transformations
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
   *Meteorological data
   *Ch imneys
   *Height
   *Estimates
    Air pollution
    Plumes
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73J
                       RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                            19 SECURITY CLASS (THa Report)

                                                 UMCLASSIFTFn
                                             20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                      c  COSATl I icId/Group

                                                                         04B
                                                                         13M
                                                                         13B
                                                                         21B
                                                                        21  NO OF PAGES
                                                                      22 PRICE

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1 tUMIMIUAL HtKUHT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
EPA-600/J-78-012 * ,nuRNAL ARTTCLF
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A FURTHER EVALUATION OF MICROCOULOMETRY FOR
ATMOSPHERIC NITRIC ACID MONITORING
7 AUTHOFUS)
Chester W. Spicer, Gerald F. Ward, and Bruce W. Gay*
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
* Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO
5. REPORT OATC
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AJ-04 (FY=77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 	 	 ' 	 ' 	
REFERENCE: Analytical Letters, All(l):85-95, 1978.
A coulometric instrument for measuring gaseous nitric acid is modified to
improve response time characteristics and simplify operation. Possible inter-
ferences were investigated and found minimal. Comparison measurements of
nitric acid by long path Fourier Transform infrared analysis of smog chamber
experiments were in good agreement and serve to confirm the utility of the
coulometric method.
 17
                                   KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                    DESCRIPTORS
                                                  b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C  COSATI Field/G
   * Air pollution
   * Nitric  acid
   * Instrument
     Chemical  analysis
   * Coulometers
     Infrared  analysis
     13B
     07B
     14B
     07D
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                                  19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
21  NO OF PAGES
                                                 20 SECURITY CLASS (Jha page)
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inaruclivns on the rei-crse before completing)
   REPORT NO
   EPA-600/J-78-028
JOURNAL ARTICLE
                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION  OF CHEMICAL SPECIES
  TO THE EYE IRRITATION  POTENTIAL OF PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
                           5 REPORT DATE
                           6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7 AUTHOR(S)
                                                           S PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
  A.  P.  Altshuller
 9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
     (Same  as  Box 12)
                                                           10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO

                                                              1AA603  AA-27 f-FY-77)
                                                           11 CDNTRACT/GWANT Ntf '""/
 12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory --RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  N.  C.  27711	
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                               EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

    REFERENCE: _ J. Air Pollu. Contr. Assoc.,  28(6):594-598, June  1978.
 16. ABSTRACT
       Eye irritation measurements  are available from smog  chamber solar irradiations
  of selected hydrocarbon-nitrogen  oxide mixtures.  These results  have been used to
  compute eye irritation  intensity  parameters for formaldehyde ,acrolein, peroxyacetyl
  nitrate and peroxypropionyl  nitrate.  Peroxypropionyl nitrate  is the most irritating
  of these four substances.  The  relative contribution of various  pairs of eye  irri-
  tants in ambient air mixtures to  eye irritation has been  calculated from the  ambient
  air concentrations and  the eye  irritation intensity parameters.   The relative contri-
  bution of the four eye  irritants  to a "typical" ambient air mixture has been  computed
  Formaldehyde appears to be the  single most significant eye  irritant.  Other potential
  ambient air eye irritants are discussed.  The relationships between hydrocarbon  con-
  trol  strategies and eye irritation are considered.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C  COSATI I'lCld/CfOUp
  *Air Pollution
  *Aldehydes
  *Eye Injuries
  *Assessments
                                             13B
                                             07C
                                             06 E
                                             14B
 8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
  RELEASE TO- PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS (Thit Reportf

                                              	UMCLASSIE1ECL
                                         21 NO OF PAGES
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (Tillspage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read JuXructit-is on rue n i <.ne before completing)
  REPORT NO
  EPA-600/J-78-032
Journal Article
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  NOXIOUS TRACE GASES IN THE AIR
  Part I.  Photochemical Smog
                                                           5 REPORT DATE
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOH
-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Iuslruftie>ii!> an the ret crse before com/ilcting)
 1  REPORT NO
   EPA-600/J-78-033
                                 Journal
              3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESS!Of*NO
 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 NOXIOUS TRACE  GASES IN THE AIR
  Part II.  Halogenated Pollutants
              5 REPORT DATE
              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)

  Philip L.  Hanst
             8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
 9 PERF.ORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AO£>R£SS         „„„  ..„
  Environmental Sciences Researcn Laboratory-RTP, NC
  Office of  Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                  1AA603
              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                   Laboratory-RTF, NC
  Office of  Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                 EPA/600/09
 15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

  REFERENCE:  -Chemistry, 5^(2):  6-12,  March 1978

 16. ABSTRACT            :	
       The  chemistry of chlorofluorocarbons and other halogenated air pollutants
  is discussed.   A summary is presented of the present  levels of concentration of
  such compounds, along with comments  on anticipated increases.   Chemical reactions
  that transform and remove halogenated pollutants in the  troposphere are outlined.
  The penetration of non-reactive  pollutants into the stratosphere with resultant
  destruction of stratospheric ozone  is described.  Consideration is given  to  future
  consequences of continued release of the halogen-containing air pollutants.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         c.  COSATl Field/Group
  *  Air  pollution
  *  Halohydrocarbons
  *  Ozone  •
              •*
     Nitrogen oxides
     Hydrocarbons
  *  Photochemical reactions
     Stratosphere
                               13B
                               07C
                               07B
                               07E
                               04A
 8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS f This Report I
                                               UNCLASSIFIED  '     P  '
                           21  NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

 UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-t (9-73)

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                                     TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                              (ncase read fnsiruciions on the jvi ewe before completing)
   EPA-600/J-78-034
                               2.
                                 JOURNAL ARTICLE
                                                             3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
   TITLE AND SUBTITLE

    HALOCARBON INTERFERENCES  IN  CHEMILUMINESCENT
    MEASUREMENTS OF NO
                                                            5 REPORT DATE
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
    Surendra  B.  Joshi  and Joseph  J.  Bufalini
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
                         NAME AND ADDREE
                                                             10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                                   1AA603
    (S?f~> as
                  12)
                                                             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
              AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  * Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory-RTF,  NC
    Office of Research and Development
    U.S.. Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Trianple  Park.  North farnl'-inq   77711
  5. SUPPLEMENTARY MOTCC
                                                             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                               _E£
                NOTES
   REFERENCE;.  Environ.  Sci.  Technol., 12(5):597-599,  May 1978.
         Anomalous W   responses were observed when  halocarbons were irradiated in
        presence of oxides  of nitrogen.  Interferences  to chemiluminescent NO  monitor
               d carbon converter were studied for phosgene,  tri-chloroacetylxchloride
   rho  Mn   1'.^hlorine' and hydrochloric acid.  Data  show positive interferences in
   the  NO  monitor due to  the test compound, either individually or as mixtures
   bubstituting an FeS04 converter for the heated carbon converter may solve the
   bu
   but
                               be °f Particular interest  to  smog chamber researchers
                      ?   2  measureme"ts in areas where  halocarbon levels are relatively
                 "peCUJated  that excited 0  molecules may be  the interfering compound,
                   work is needed to substantiate this hypothesis
17.
a
                                 KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         c  COSATl Field/Group
   *  Air pollution
   *  Nitrogen oxides
   *  Chemi'luminescence
      Chemical analysis
   *  Halohydrocarbons
                                                                           13B
                                                                           Q7B
                                                                           07D
                                                                           07C
   RELEASE .TO PUBLIC
                                              19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21  NO OF PAGES
                                               20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22 PHilCE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------