United States Environmental Sciences Research
Environmental Protection Laboratory
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
oEPA Environmental
Sciences Research
Laboratory Report
Abstracts
(April 1978 -
September 1978)
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
-c
**RO*
V^"*^,* ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
**. _ -cC11 RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
CAROLINA 27711
The Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory (ESRL) conducts an
extensive research program on the effects of air pollution on the atmo-
sphere and the subsequent impact on air and water quality and land use
Both laboratory and field investigations involving the sciences of
chemistry, physics, and meteorology are used to obtain necessary infor-
mation to quantitate the relationships between emissions of pollutants
from all types of sources and air quality and atmospheric effects. The
ESRL provides needed techniques and instrumentation for the measurement
and characterization of pollutants in the ambient air and in the emissions
from all types of sources.
The ESRL Report Abstracts is published semi annually for those who
are interested in the activities of the Laboratory. Journal articles or
symposia proceedings are usually available from local libraries. EPA
Office of Research and Development reports are available (prepaid) from
the:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22151
(phone: 703/321-8543)
Cite the PB number, item 2 on the EPA Form 2220-1, when ordering reports
from the NTIS.
If you wish to continue receiving these semiannual reports, or
nominate additional recipients, please fill in the required information
below, as well as the return address block on the reverse, and return
this sheet to us.
A. P. Altshuller
Director
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
( ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please send your semiannual Reports Abstracts to the addressees
listed below:
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PLACE
STAMP
HERE
(Please include ZIP Code)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 59
(Fold on dotted line and seal before mailing)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instmclions on the icvenc before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA 600/2-78-038
PB-284v828
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATING AND OPTIMIZING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING AIRBORNE ASBESTOS
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
&.V. Samudra, F.C. Bock, C.F. Harwood, and J.D. Stockham
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712 BA-14 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2251
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report 6/75-6/77
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Ihis report complements EPA Report 600/2-77-178 entitled "Electron Microscope
Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations — A Provisional Methodology Manual"
16 ABSTRACT
Evaluation of EM methods for measuring airborne asbestos fiber concentrations and size
distributions was carried out by studying a'large number of variables and subprocedures
in a five-phase program using elaborate statistically designed experiments. Observa-
tions were analyzed by advanced regression techniques to evaluate the effects of
independent variables and subprocedures. It was shown that the optimized method for
estimating airborne chrysotile should have the following features: (a) collecting an
air sample on Nuclepore filter; (b) coating the Nuclepore filter with carbon; (c)
transferring the particulate deposit to a 200-mesh electron microscope grid using
chloroform in a modified Jaffe-wick washer; (d) examining the grid at about 10,000 x
magnification (20,000 x for counting very fine fibers); (e) counting fibers using a
field of view method; and (f) identifying the type of asbestos from morphology and
selected area electron diffraction.
A. provisional manual of instructions was prepared (EPA Report 600/2-77-178) and six
independent laboratories participated in an interlaboratory test of the proposed method
using two air samples. One of these was prepared at IITRI from pure aerosolized UICC
chrysotile, and the other was an ambient air sample collected by IITRI personnel in a
factory processing asbestos. Intercomparison of the results from the separate labora-
tories yielded some preliminary estimates of the precision and accuracy of the provi-
sional
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
*Air pollution
*Asbestos
*Serpentine
*Amphiboles
Measurement
DESCRIPTORS
*Electron microscopy
*Electron diffraction
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C COSATI I Icld/Group
Chrysotile
13B-
08G
HE
14B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
197
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDI TION i s OBSOLE TE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-067
PB-281-933
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR ATMOSPHERIC
PARTICIPATE NITRATES
Final Report
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHORISI
C. W. Splcer, P. M. Schumacher, J. A. Kouyoumjian and
D. W. Joesph
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Battelle-Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712BB-42 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2213
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
Final .
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Environmental conditions that affect atmospheric particulate nitrate
sampling were identified, and improved sampling and analytical procedures were
developed. Evaluation of potential sources of error in high volume nitrate sampling
showed that artifact nitrate formation on commonly used glass filter media was the
most serious. Both laboratory end field results demonstrated that high purity quartz
filters provide a significant improvement over glass filters and are easily sub-
stituted for glass filters in traditional high volume sampling equipment. A
sensitive, accurate and rapid nitrate analytical procedure was developed using ther-
mal decomposition of nitrate and chemiluminescent detection of the decomposition
products. Ion chromatography was also investigated and found to be sensitive,
accurate, reproducible and rapid. Ion chromatography has the added advantage of
determining both nitrate and sulfate simultaneously.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
"pollution
*Particles
*Inorganic nitrates
*0rganic nitrates
*Sampling
*Filter materials
*Chemical analysis
*Chemi1umi nescence
*Chromatography
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATl Field/Group
13B
07B
07C
14B
13M
07D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21
PAGES
20
uf
>S (Tins page)
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(1'lcaic read linmicnons on tin-ic> i\i licjore c
I REPORT NO
EPA 600/2-73-099
--PB-283-678
TITLr AVDSUBTITLE
A MICROCOMPUTER-MODIFIED PARTICLE SIZE SPECTJ- " "TTER
Description and Program Listings
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
5 REPORT DATE
May 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
C. Lewis
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
]AD712 A-24 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Aserrcv
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Tr.-'hrMiea 9/7R-17/77
In-hou
PONSORI
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A fully automated aerosol particle size spectrometer system is described
that consists of a light scattering particle sensor, an analog to digital
converter, and a ndcrocornputer with associated printout device. The system
is capable of acquiring a differential particle size distribution, printing
the resulting spectrum in one of three representations, and repeating the
procedure at preselected intervals. An example of the application of the
system for measuring an outdoor aerosol size distribution is presented.
The appendices contain documented microcomputer program listings and
flow charts for Program Sizer (the, program that operates the spectrometer
system and the principal result of this study) and Program MCA (a program
that converts part of the spectrometer system to a conventional 256-channel
pulse height analyzer).
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
"Air pollution
"Aerosols
-Particle size distribution
" Spectrometers
"Computers
"Computer systems programs
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATi Field/Croup
13B
07D
148
09B
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
69
2O SECURITY CLASS (Tintpage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
I REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-104
PB-283-083
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
GENERATION OF SULFURIC ACID AEROSOLS
FOR HEALTH EFFECT STUDIES
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
B. Y. H. Liu and J. Lev!
B PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Particle Technology Laboratory
Mechanical Engineering Department
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN 55455
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601 CA-24 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-801301
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 9/76-3/78
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A generator has been developed and constructed for producing sulfuric acid
aerosols at 330 liters per minute to an animal exposure chamber of 330 liters
internal volume. Sulfuric acid concentrations in the chamber range from 0.13 to
1.3 mg/m3. Geometrical mean volume diameters of the aerosol range from 0.04 to
0.15 pm, and the geometrical standard deviation of theu aerosol is about 1.6.
The generator operates by atomizing a sulfuric acid solution to form a poly-
disperse spray. The droplets are then vaporized in a tube-furnace and the vapor
injected into filtered air at room temperature to form a high concentration of
small sulfuric acid particles.
The aerosol generating system has been evaluated by means of several tech-
niques. Particle size distribution was measured by an Electrical Aerosol Analyzer.
Four independent techniques were used to measure the aerosol concentration: an
Electrical Aerosol Analyzer, a Quartz-Crystal Aerosol Mass Monitor, filter col-
lection and weighing, and chemical analysis of collected particle samples. Good
agreement was found.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI field/Croup
* Air pollution
* Aerosols
* Sulfuric acid
* Aerosol generators
* Development
13B
07D
07B
13D
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (ThitReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21
NO OF PAGES
68
2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the /fi me before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-109
PB-283-656
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
FLE AND SUBTITLE
EXPERIMENTAL QUANTITATIVE TRANSPORT PROBE AND
CONTROL BOX SAMPLING SYSTEM
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
M. B. Ranade
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD605 BA-14 (FY-76)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2434
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT ~ — —
Three quantitative sampling transport probe and control box sampling systems were
designed and fabricated. The systems are designed to permit the transport of
samples of aerosols from a source to a sensor without significant modification
of mass rate and size distribution of the sample aerosols. Descriptions of the
systems are given. An operating manual is included. Results of functional tests
demonstrated that the systems operate as designed with the exception of pumping
rates.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C COSATI I Icld/Group
* Air pollution
* Aerosols
* Sampling
* Probes
* Designs
13B
07D
14B
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tim Report)
UNCLASSIFIFJI
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
ML.
EPA Form 2220—1 (Rev 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the icverse before completing)
PB-284-091
TSA*IPLER - A PRACTICAL APPROACH
TO AEROSOL FRACTIONATION AND COLLECTION
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
evens
T.G. Dzubay
3 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712
11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO
12 SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, N.C.
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Tn—
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-£600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Procedures to size fractionate, collect, and analyze ambient concentrations
of particulate matter_ are described. Emphasis is placed on the design and characteristic 3
of the single-stage dichotomous sampler. A new inlet is described that samples
aerosol independent of wind speed and direction, and a discussion of the advantages
of a new pneumatic flow control system is included. Comparative results of the
high-volume and dichotomous sampler are presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C COSATI I Icld/Group
-Air pollution
"Aerosols
-Sampling
"Particle size distribution
"Instruments
13B
07D
14B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage/
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Foim 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDI TION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on llir tciersc before compiiinif)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-126
PB-284-938
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
ANALYTICAL SYSTEM FOR MEASURING
MALODOROUS COMPOUNDS FROM KRAFT MILLS
5 REPORT DATE
July 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J. D. Mulik, R. K. Stevens and
R. E. Baumqardner
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13 TVPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT ~~ — ~
Automated chromatographs equipped with flame photometric detectors were
developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of low- and high-
molecular-weight sulfur compounds in kraft mill effluents. One chromatograph
equipped with a Teflon column packed with Teflon and coated with polyphenyl
ether measured the following low-molecular-weight sulfur compounds: hydrogen
sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (S02), methyl mercaptan (CH,SH), ethyl mercaptan
(CpH.SH), aimethyl sulfide ( (CH~7?S), and propyl mercaptan (C,H7SH). A second
chromatograph equipped with a Teflon column packed with Teflon^and coated with
Triton X-305 measured the higher-molecular-weight sulfur compounds: butyl
mercaptan (C.HgSH), dimethyl disulfide { (CH3)2S2), and .dibutyl sulfide ( (C.HQ)9S)
Kraft mill effluents containing sulfur species ranging in concentrations
from 5 ppb to percent levels were analyzed using a 6-stage dynamic dilution
system.
Sulfur emission data were collected from two kraft mills, one employing
strong black liquor oxidation and the other weak black liquor oxidation. Part
of the study was dedicated to determining the relationship between the total
gaseous sulfur and the individual sulfur compounds observed chromatographi-
cally. In most cases, more than 90 percent of the sulfur emitted from the
kraft mills studied was accounted for by chromatographlcallv identified compounds.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI I Icld/Cruup
* Air pollution
* Sulfur inorganic compounds
* Sulfur organic compounds
* Sulfate pulping
* Chemical analysis
* Chromatography
13B
07B
07C
13H
07 D
IB DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tilts Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins paKe)
21.
22 PRICE
UNCLASSTFTFn
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev 4-77) PREVIOUS emTiorg is OBSOL.Ej E
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(/'lease read luunicnoiK on tlic n i c /-vc htfoic cmii^lt
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-048a
PB-282-447
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
HOUSTON URBAN PLUME STUDY - 1974
Description and Summary of Results
5 REPORT DATE
May 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
James R. Brock
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
The University of Texas
Department of Chemical Engineering
Austin, Texas 78712
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA008
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
R800871
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
5 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT —
The 1974 Houston Urban Plume Study (HUPS) was undertaken as a preliminary
investigation of some of the unresolved features of Houston's air pollution problem.
HUPS was intended specifically to gain limited information on the spatial and tempo-
ral distribution of air pollutants—particularly, primary and secondary aerosols—
in the Houston area as an aid should a later intensive- investigation ,of ..aerosol
character and transport be needed.
Aerial measurements were made of the principal pollutants (S0_, NO , 0 , CO,
aerosol) of the Houston area. Wind-field measurements were also made. XThese data
were used to estimate pollutant budgets. Values for SO- and NO (14 metric tons/hr
and 40 metric tons/hr, respectively") were reasonably comparableXwith values derived
from emissions inventories of the Texas Air Control Board (13 and 24 metric tons/hr,
respectively). On the basis of the limited sampling period, the industrial area
(east of downtown Houston) apparently is the major contributor of primary air
pollutants in the Houston area. In the morning hours above the mixed layer,
relatively large ozone concentrations (max. 0.2 ppm)—almost certainly of photo-
chemical—origin were found that correlated closely with light scattering aerosol,
thus indicating the existence above the mixed layer of strong secondary aerosol
sources.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
^Aerosols
••''Sulfur dioxide
*Nitrogen oxides
*0zonc
Plumes
^Measurement
*Wind (meteorology)
Airplanes
*Light scattering
b IDENTIFIERS/OPtN ENDED TERMS
Houston, TX
C COSATI I Icld/Croup
13B
07D
07B
21B
01C
20F
a DISTRIBUTION STATEMENI
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
32
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tini page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-057
PB-285-077
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY TO AIR
POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Interim Report-1977
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHORIS)
Yoon S. Chang, J.H. Shaw, E. Niple, J.G. Calvert,
W.H. Chan, S.Z. Levine, and W.M. Uselman
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
The Ohio State University Research Foundation
1314 Kinnear Road
Columbus, Ohio 43212
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AI-03 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
R803868-2
I SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF,NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See companion reports EPA-600/3-77-026, EPA-600/3-77-025
6. ABSTRACT "—~~
An atlas of observed and calculated air spectra from 700 to 2300 cm"1 has been
prepared. Methods of analyzing air spectra to identify spectral features and to
determine simultaneously the abundances of atmospheric gases such as CO, N_O, CH, ,
°3> H2°' and C09 have been explored. These methods include ratioing observed ana
calculated spectra and correlation analysis of absorption bands to obtain abundances
by linear regression and non linear least squares methods. Absorbing features of
atmospheric gases such as 0 , HO, and N.O have been removed from solar spectra to
isolate underlying features of F-12 near 1160 cm .
New data were obtained related to the rate constant for the reaction, HO + CO
H + CCL, as a funjtion^of pressure. This rate constant is pressure sensitive:
k = 439 + 24 ppm rain at 700 Torr air; k = 203 + 29 ppm min in air at 100
Torr. The FTIRS system was employed in other studies to determine the rate constants
for the reactions: HO + NO HO NO (Ref.22) and HO, + N0_ , HONO + 0. (Ref. 21);
in 750 Tojr of air at 25 + 2&C, the data suggest k 7.2 x lO* and k 25.3 x 101
ppm min . Simulations of the reactions in a typical NO -RH-RCHO-poIIuted
atmosphere exposed to sunlight show that the theoretical rate of HO^NO. generation
is similar in magnitude to those expected (and observed in real atmospheres) for
peroxyacylnitrates.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Infrared spectroscopy
* Optical equipment
Solar spectrum
* Reaction kinetics
* Photochemical reactions
Fourier transform
spectroscopy
13B
14B
2 OF
03B
07D
07E
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO OF PAGES
120
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read luiinictiom on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-058
PB-284-066
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
STUDT OF REMOVAL PROCESSES FOR HALOGEHATED
AIR POLLUTANTS
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
A. Snelson, R. Butler, and F. Jarke
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
Chicago, Illinois 60616
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
AI-04 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
R803805-02-2
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTP, -NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
The fate of halocarbons released into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources
and their potential impact on the stratospheric ozone layer has been studied.
Experimental kinetic data have been obtained for the reaction of OH radicals with
CH3C1, CH C12, CHC1 , C2H Cl, C^ Cl CH CC1 , C Cl C H Br , and CO. Best values
for the OH + halocafbon rate constants have been assessed Ind2tropospheric life-
times calculated.
The kinetics of the homogeneous gas phase hydrolysis of the secondary anthro-
pogenic halocarbon pollutants, CC1 COC1, CCl.HCOCl, CC1H COC1, and COC1 have been
studied. The rate studies show that removal by gas phase hydrolysis would have •
halflives in excess of 100 years. Some preliminary heterogeneous rain out studies
have been made on CCI^COCl, which though not conclusive, suggest that rain out
would probably be an effective sink for its removal but that the uncertainties
are such that this mechanism requires further study.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI Field/Group
*
*
*
Air pollution
Halohydrocarbons
Reaction kinetics
Chemical reactions
Chemical radicals
Half life
Removal processes
13B
07C
07D
18H
9 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Initrnctiotis on the rcicrse before completing}
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-Q59
PB-284-025
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
COMPUTER MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
D.G. Hendry, A.C. Baldwin, J.R. Barker, and D.M. Golden
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AC-20 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
Contract No. 68-02-2427
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim Q/7ft - O/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
is SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT '• ~ ~ —
This report discusses continuing efforts to develop kinetic mechanisms to
describe the formation of photochemical smog. Mechanisms were formulated for
the ethene, propene, butene-1, trans-butene-2, n-butane, 2,3-dimethylbutane,
and toluene/NOx systems. Smog chamber data collected.at the University of
California, Riverside were used to test these mechanisms. The mechanisms are
composed of critically evaluated kinetic data for the individual reactions to
the extent possible. Where data on specific reactions were not available or
were not at the appropriate temperature and pressures, thermochemical techniques
were used to estimate or extrapolate existing data to obtain the desired rate
data. Whenever thermochemical data were estimated to predict rate constants,
error bounds were assigned to the estimates and the resulting rate constants.
In only a relatively few cases was it necessary to vary the estimated rate
constants within the error limits in order to optimize the agreement between
computed and experimental concentration-time profiles. Given the kinetic
information currently available, this general approach minimizes the need for
adjustment of rate constants and produces mechanisms that are valid representations
of the homogeneous gas-phase chemistry of each of these hydrocarbons in photochemical
smog formation.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C COSATI field/Group
Air pollution
Reaction kinetics
Photochemical reactions
Mathematical models
Computerized simulation
13B
07D
07E
12A
14B
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
304
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-061
PB-285-059
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5 REPORT
BIOGENIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN COASTAL ATMOSPHERES
OF NORTH CAROLINA
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
Dian R. Hitchcock, Lester L. Spiller* and
William E. Wilson*
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Hitchcock Associates
Norton Lane
Farmington, CT 06023
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BB-16 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
FA-8-0764A
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
*Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 8/76 - 2/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES .
16 ABSTRACT
Atmospheric H2S, S02 , and participate SOi^2", Na , Cl~, NHu , and NOs" were
measured in two experiments on the North Carolina coast to determine the levels of
biogenic sulfur species at marsh and estuarine locations where dissimilatory bacterial
sulfate reduction produces H2S in local anoxic muds. The first (summertime) experi-
ment demonstrated the occurrence of variable and high H^S levels — 4-h means up to
80 ug/m3 (57 ppb) — associated with low-tide mud exposure in a Spartine alterniflora
marsh. Little or no S02 was observed here, and little or no S02 or H2S were observed
at a background site 2.4 km distant. Biogenic sulfate in marine air masses ranged
from 2 to 13 ug/m3, and was strongly associated with the loss of chloride from
marine aerosols. Both H2S and S02 were observed in the second (autumn) experiment
at concentrations up to 7 ug/m3 (5 ppb) (H2S) and 25 ug/m3 (17 ppb) (S02) at an estuarim
site where anoxic muds are not exposed to low tide, under conditions which implied a
biogenic origin, and the rapid conversion of biogenic H2S to S02 . Particulate excess
(non-sea salt) sulfate and chloride loss from marine aerosols were observed at this
site in continental air masses (marine air masses did not occur) .
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Croup
*Air pollution
*Biological productivity
*Sulfur inorganic compounds
*Aerosols
*Measurement
*Coasts
North Carolina
13B
08A
07B
07D
08F
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-062
PB-285-891
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS AND OXIDANT TRANSPOR1
Houston Area 1976
5 REPORT DATE
July 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
H. Westberg, K. Allwine, and E. Robinson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Resources Section
Chemical Engineering Department
Washington State University
Pullman, Washington 99164
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AJ-05 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2298
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An extensive air pollutant monitoring program, including ground level and aerial
sampling, was carried out in the Houston area during the month of July 1976. Measure
ments included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, PAN, methane, carbon monoxide, individual
hydrocarbons (C2-C1Q), halocarbons, condensation nuclei, and visual distance plus
numerous meteorological parameters. Specific areas of interest included (1) oxidant
formation and transport within the Houston urban plume, (2) relationships between
ozone layers aloft and the vertical temperature profile, (3) composition and effects
of refinery and petrochemical emissions on the local Houston air mass, and (4)
identification and quantisation of individual C?-C,n hydrocarbons in the Houston
atmosphere. Results of this field program showed inat the city of Houston serves
as a strong pollutant source. Ozone concentrations were generally high in down-
wind areas. During the study period, there were no "blanket" areas of ozone in
southern Texas. Therefore, high oxidant levels observed in Houston are a direct
result of the precursors emitted in the Houston area.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C COSATI field/Group
*Air pollution
*0zone
*Transport properties
Chemical analysds
*Field tests
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Houston
13B
07B
07D
1AB
07C
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
250
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before com/ilcting)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-78-021
PB-283-655
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION PARAMETERS IN PLUME MODELING
5 REPORT DATE
May 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
F. Pasquill*
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
ORGX
IZATION NAME AND ADORES
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AB-02 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS =* "
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVF.BFn
Inhouse 1/77-8/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
*Visiting Scientist from United Kingdom
A survey of the underlying foundations of the present systems for specifi-
cation of the atmospheric dispersion parameters for a continuous point source
leads to the conclusion that the basis for revision of the current systems is
still far from complete, but certain obvious evidence-points to desirable
changes. The author's previous recommendations on the crosswind spread are
reiterated, and a suggested revision for vertical spread as a function of
surface roughness, stability, and for the unstable case, the convective velocity
scale and mixing depth, is offered.
17
J
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATl Held/Group
Air pollution
*Atmospheric diffusion
*P1umes
*Meteorology
*Mathematical models
13B
04A
21B
04B
12A
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS {Tins Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspage!
UNCLASSIFIED
NO OF PAGES
68
22 PRICE
EP
-orm 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the ret ciic before completing)
4-78-022
2.
PB-284-056
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING A SULFATE EPISODE
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5 REPORT DATE
May 1978
6. PlftFORMrfWG ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gerard A. DeKarrais*
I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AAG03 AD-07 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Inhouse 4/77-1/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
'LEMENTARY NOTES
*0n assignment from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
U.S. Department of Commerce
Meteorological conditions are characterized for a prolonged period in which
an air mass contained high concentrations of sulfate pollutants. The period
occurred in the Los Angeles area from February 26 to March 5, 1975. In addition,
the episode occurred during the off-season and virtually coincided with an oxidant
episode. The meteorological conditions associated with both episodes were (a)
slow moving air; (b) abundant sunshine; (c) elevated temperatures; (d) limited
vertical mixing at the coast and inland vertical mixing varying from negligible
at night to relatively deep in the daytime; (e) relatively very poor visibilities
due to smoke, haze, and fog; and (f) high relative humidities at all times at the
coast and at night at inland locations, but very low relative humidities in the
daytime over inland locations. The ozone episode ended with the onset of strong
winds and rain, while the sulfate episode persisted into the windy and wet period.
Differences in the spatial patterns in sulfate and oxidant concentrations were
observed and these are attributed to differences in the relative humidities at
coastal and inland locations.
Identification of these meteorological'conditions provides information
for air pollution investigators to use in attempting to forecast future sulfate
episodes.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Sulfates
* Meteorological data
* Evaluation
Ozone
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Los Angeles, CA
c COSATI Held/Group
13B
07B
040
PEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (ThuReport)
JJHC1ASS1EI£D_
21 NO OF PAGES
2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-78-027
PB-284-099
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
STUDY OF THE SUBARCTIC HEAT ISLAND AT
FAIRBANKS, ALASKA
5. REPORT DATP
.lime 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
S. A. Bowling
C. S. Benson
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Geophysical Institute
Fairbanks, AL 99701
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AE-29 (FY-78)
NO.
802999
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final R/74-A/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
of
16. ABSTRACT :' " ' '—' '
The heat island associated with the City of Fairbanks, Alaska was studied as a
means of isolating the effects of self-heating modified radiative transfer from other
causes of heat islands. Minimal winter insolation virtually eliminated the effects
variable albedo and the daily temperature cycle; snow cover and dormant vegetation
made differences in evapotranspiration unimportant, and.very low wind speeds minimized
the effect of surface roughness. The observed steady-state heat island under clear
skies and low wind speeds was around 10°C, with transient values reaching 14°C. This
high value is probably due to the extremely steep ground inversions known to exist in
Fairbanks, as the heat island intensity correlated well with the strength of the
inversion between 2 and 60 meters elevation. The depth of the mixing layer was less
than 90 meters, but the temperature structure at higher levels was disturbed, appar-
ently by coherent lifting of the stable air. The wind field was extremely complex in
both time and space, with strong vertical shears, horizontal eddies with scales super-
imposed on gravity drainage. Speeds were generally too low for accurate measurements.
A self-heating term of 10KVI person"1 in winter and 5KW person" in summer was derived
from the fuel inventory carried out as part of the project. The winter value, applied
in a simple model of a heat island over a conducting and radiating city, gave realistic
1 m sec"'.
heat island values with wind speeds under
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Meteorology
Heating
Insolation
Temperature inversions
Wind (meteorology)
Heat island effect
Fairbanks, AL
04B
13A
04A
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
168
20
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the 't-verse before comrtlctmgl
REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-78-028
PB-284-107
TITLE ANDSU8TITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Point and Area Source Organic Emission Inventory
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
REPORT DATE
June 1978
AUTHOR(S)
R.W. Griscom
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International
Air Monitoring Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-09 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2093
Task Order 108 I
2 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS .._
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6 ABSTRACT
An inventory of organic emissions from stationary and mobile sources
has been assembled for the St. Lou is Air Quality Control Region. The inventory
covers point and area sources for process, combustion and evaporative emissions.
A breakdown into five categories had been assigned to each source type. The
categories are (1) paraffins, (2) olefins, (3) aromatics, (4) aldehydes, and
(5) non-reactives. This report describes how this classification has been
determined for hydrocarbon emissions in the St. Louis AQCR and provides sufficient
reference data to derive alternative schemes as required. The breakdown was made
part of the RAPS Emission Inventory System, which is stored on the EPA s Umvac
computer at Research Triangle Park, N.C.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COS AT I field/Group
*Air pollution
*0rganic compounds
*Emission
*Environmental surveys
*Sources
St. Louis, MO
13 B
07 C
05 J
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
58
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thu page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the ft verse before completing/
1 REPQRTNP
EPA-600/4-78-029
PB-284-081
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Heat Emission Inventory
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
F.E. Littman, R.W. Griscom, and E. Puronen
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International
Air Monitoring Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AA-09 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2093
Task Order 108G
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
As part of the St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), a heat emission
inventory has been assembled. Heat emissions to the atmosphere originate, directly
or indirectly, from the combustion of fossil fuels (there are no nuclear plants
in the St. Louis AQCR). With the exception of a small amount of energy radiated
into space as light, and the energy carried out of the AQCR by cooling water
(primarily the Mississippi River), all of the energy released by the combustion of
fuels is sooner or later released to the atmosphere as heat, either at the point
of production (the power stations) or where it is consumed.
This report deals with heat emsssions from point sources as well as area
sources. Heat emissions from point sources account for about 11 percent in the AQCR.
Point source emissions are, however, in the form of concentrated plumes, while
other heat emissions are diffused. Thus, the meteorological dispersion behavior
of these sources is likely to be quite different.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C COSATI I Icld/Group
*Air pollution
*Heat
*Emission
*Environmental surveys
*Sources
St. Louis,
13 B
20 M
05 J
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
67
2O SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
2? PRICE
IS OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the *c\ erse before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-78-034
PB-285-681
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AEROSOL ANALYSIS FOR THE REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Interim Report
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
F.S. Goulding, J.M. Jaklevic and B.W. Loo
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AA44 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
IAG-D6-0760
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 1/1/76 to 12/31/76
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
An aerosol sampling and analysis program was conducted as part of the Regional
Air Pollution Study in St. Louis. Ten automatic dichotomous samplers were operated
in the field for two years and collected 35,000 samples. The procedures used for
analyzing these samples for total mass and elemental composition are described in
detail. The characteristics of the betagauge mass measurement and energy dispersive
x-ray fluorescence analyses are discussed, together with the factors that affect the
precision and accuracy of the data.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air Pollution
*Aeroso]s
Samplers
*Mass
*Elements
*Chemical Analysis
Fluorescence
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI I Icld/Grotip
13B
07D
14B
20F
s DISTRIBUTION STATEME'N
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
47
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev 4-77) PREVIOUS EOI TION is oesOLE TE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-78-037
PB-284-866
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DISPERSION OF POLLUTANTS NEAR HIGHWAYS
Experimental Design and Data Acquisition Procedures
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
S. Trivikrama Rao, Marsden Chen, Michael Keenan, Gopal
Sistla, Ramam Peddada, Gregory Wotzak and Nicholas Kolak
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation
Albany, New York 12233
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601 CA-05 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803881-01
12 SPQNSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 9/75 - 3/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT •~~
The major emphasis of this investigation centered on the collection of
particulate and gaseous pollutant data, and detailed micrometeorological data
in a non-urban setting adjacent to the heavily travelled Long Island Expressway.
The purposes for collecting the data were to (i) document the distribution of
sulfate, lead, total particulates and carbon monoxide at'an array of sampl'ing
points adjacent to the highway; (ii) study tne micrometeorology associated with
the highway, with special attention to those parameters important in the
determination of atmospheric dispersion, (iii) reevaluate highway air pollutant
emission factors from data gathered in tracer gas experiments; and (iv) examine
the applicability of existing highway air pollutant dispersion models. The
location of the sites and the experimental setup for collecting pollutant data
are described, and details of the data acquistion procedures are presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Atmospheric diffusion
*Limited access highways
*Micrometeorology
*Exper1mental design
*Data acquisition
13B
04A
04B
148
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO-PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
_66_
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
REPORT NO
EPA-600/7-78-062
,PI TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
2.
PB-283-023
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
••••-»- <-*t^w.3WDiill_C
MEASUREMENT OF CARCINOGENIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT
ATMOSPHERES
Final Report
S REPORT DATE
April 1978
6. PERFORMING
7 AUTHOR(S)
Edo D. Pellizzari
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27711
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
ABSTRACT
ERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE 625 EB-07 (FY-77)
1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-122B
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
unai
4. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
Analytical methods and instrumentation were evaluated for collectina and
several different
areas within the Continental U.S.
DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
*Air pollution
*Collection methods
*Carcinogens
*Vapors
*Sorption
*Field tests
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT'
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
^^^"^^^^^••^^^••^^^^^•^^^••i
EPA Form 2220-1 {9-73)
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
C.COSATI Field/Group
13B
06E
07D
148
21. NO. OF PAGES
258
22 PRICE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1
4.
REPORT NO
EPA-600/7-78-103
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
2
PB-285-678
PORTABLE VACUUM X-RAY SPECTROMETER
Instrument for On-Site Analysis of Airborne
Particulate Sulfur and Other Elements
7
AUTHOR(S)
J. V. Gilfrich and L. S. Birks
9
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Naval Research Laboratory
Code 6480
Washington, DC 20375
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
- RTP, NC
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Parkr NC 27711
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
5 REPORT DATE
June 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1NE625D
EB-09 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
Interagency Agreement
EPA-IAG-D4-0490
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/ 600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES •
16. ABSTRACT
A portable vacuum wavelength-dispersive x-ray analyzer has been
constructed
for on-site measurement of the sulfur content of filter-deposited airborne
particles. Although designed to analyze for sulfur, the spectrometer is .adjust-
able over a limited range
With the x-ray tube rated
providing the potential for determining other elements.
at 50 watts, the
detection limit for sulfur of better than
17
a
instrument achieves a 100-second 3c
0.5 yg/cm2.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Aerosols
* Sulfur
*X-ray analysis
*X-ray fluorescence
*X-ray spectrometers
*Air pollution
IB DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c COSATl I-icld/Croup
13B
07D
07B
14B
20F
21 NO OF PAGES
25
72 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read /attractions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/7-78-116
PB-285-765
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AN EXAMINATION OF SOME MICROMETEOROLOGICAL
METHODS FOR MEASURING DRY DEPOSITION
5 REPORT DATE
July 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Bruce B. Hicks and Marvin L. Wesely
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radiological & Environmental Research Division
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois 60439
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625 EA-24 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
IAG-D7-F815
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim Jan 77 - Jan 78
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT :~~~ ' —
Dry deposition on natural surfaces is one of the major removal pathways for air
pollutants. In orde"r to develop mathematical descriptions for the numerical simula-
tion of the transport, removal, and ecological impact of pollutant gases and aerosols,
the dependence of dry deposition rates on physical, chemical, and biological para-
meters must be understood. Such relationships can be studied by using several
experimental methods to determine the vertical fluxes of pollutants over natural
surfaces. The possible experimental methods include aerodynamic, modified Bowen
ratio, eddy correlation, variance, and eddy accumulation. The relative advantages
and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, with consideration being given to
the sensor response time and accuracy. The roles of atmospheric stability and the
zero plane, site and instrumental requirements, and averaging time are discussed for
flux measurements.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATl Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Deposition
*Flux (rate)
"Micrometeorology
*Measurement
*Evaluation
13B
07D
OAB
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tim Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
27
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/7-78-117
2.
PB-284-905
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING THE
1977 ANCLOTE KEYS PLUME STUDY
5 RE
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZA1 ION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
L. Hull, W. Dannevik, and R. Woodford
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Quality Research, Inc.
225 S. Meramec-Suite 1121T
Clayton, MO 63105
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625 EA-13 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2500
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 2/77-11/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
Meteorological conditions are described and analyzed for nine experimental
observation periods of the Anclote Keys Plume Study, which was conducted near Tampa,
Florida during February 1977. The primary objective of the Plume Study was to
investigate both the short and long range transport of power plant plumes and the
formation rate of sulfate in a marine environment.
The forecasting center, radiosonde, pilot balloon, and tethersonde systems
are also described, and the data acquisition schedules are included. Raw pilot
balloon and tethersonde observations and the derived wind fields are not included,
but are available from the authors.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATl Field/Group
Air pollution
*Plumes
Electric power plants
^Analyzing
Meteorological balloons
Radiosondes
Tethered balloons
mo tanr^
Anclote Keys, Florida
Gulf Coast
13B
21B
10B
04B
14B
04A
01C
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEW
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tlni Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
71
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-78-118
PB-285-419
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
INTERCOMPARISON OF SAMPLERS USED IN THE DETERMINATION OF
AEROSOL COMPOSITION
5. REPORT DATE
July 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
D.C. Camp, A.L. Van Lehn, and B.L. Loo
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
Livermore, CA 94550
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Berkeley, CA 94720
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1NE625D EB-11 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
IAG-D6-0800
IAG-D7-F1108
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT —
An intercomparison study was carried out to evaluate the performance of 11
different designs of. aerosol samplers. The samplers were operated by participating
scientific groups having recognized expertise in sampler development and operation.
The devices tested include hi-vol, TWO MASS, cyclone, CHAMP, streaker, stacked filter,
and manual and automated dichotomous samplers. The samplers were operated in Charleston
VIV for eight consecutive days duirng May of 1977. The collection surfaces of each
sampler were changed at least every 12 hours which enabled the intercomparison to be
made for 16 sampling periods. The collected samples were returned to the laboratory
of each participant and analyzed for mass, nitrate, sulfur or sulfate, lead, and 9
other elements. Most of the samplers separated the aerosol into two fractions with
50% separation diameters ranging from 2.4 urn to 4.3 ym. The upper 50% cutoff diameter
for the various samplers ranged from 14 pro to about 30 \an. Best agreement among
samplers was found for elmeents such as sulfur and lead that occurred primarily in
the fine fraction. The amount of total mass collected was strongly influenced by the
upper 50% cutoff diameter of each sampler. For stacked filter samplers and the tandem
filter samplers, the fine fraction appeared to be enriched with crustal elements such
as Si, Ca, and Fe, which suggests that there are particle bounce errors. Of all the
samplers tested, the automatic dichotomous sampler showed the greatest precision.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Held/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Samplers
*Comparison
*Mass
*Sulfur
13B
07D
14B
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
IIMPI ASSTFTFH
21 NO OF PAGES
151
2O SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev 4.77) PREVIOUS EDI TION is OBSOLETE
-------
1 REPORT MO
EPA-600/J-78-007
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
frlcase read instructions on the reverse before completing)
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ASSOCIATION OF OXIDANT EPISODES WITH WARM
STAGNATING ANTICYCLONES
5 REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
A. P. Altshuller
ERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
- RTP, N.C
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
(FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
2 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
- RTP, N.C
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE
REFERENCE: J. Air Pollu. Contr. Assoc., 28:152-155, February 1978
A ten-year data base of oxidant concentration measurements has been combined with
Korshover's criteria for stagnating anticyclones to estimate the frequency of
association of elevated oxidant concentrations with such anticyclones. The highest
frequency of coincidence occurs in the months of August and September in
Cincinnati, Philadelphia, St. Louis and Washington, D. C. Relaxing Korshover's
criteria increases the frequency of coincidence modestly. Limitations in the
approach used are discussed and modifications suggested.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*0zone
*Meteorology
^Anticyclones
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Korshover's criteria
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07B
04B
04B
ISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS IThis Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
70 SECUTTY CLASS 'This page.'
UNCLASSIFIED
12
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please rcaJ luuntriioiis on the rci me he fore eomi'
REPORT NO
EPA-600/J-78-008
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OXIDATION OF CHLORINATED ETHANES
5 REPORT DATE
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
J. Spence and P. Hanst
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
AI-OS fFY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS *"
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Air Pollut. Contr. Asso., 28(3):250-253, March 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
The oxidation products of seven chlorinated ethanes were identified using
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and long path infrared techniques. Photo-oxidation of
each chlorinated ethane was initiated by chlorine atoms in one atmosphere of dry air.
The chlorinated reaction products included phosgene, formyl chloride, hydrogen
chloride, acetyl chloride, and chlorinated acetyl chlorides. Five rules concerning
the initiation reaction and the stability of the intermediate products were setforth
and were used to explain the photooxidation steps of each chlorinated ethane. Methyl
chloroform was the least reactive of the chlorinated ethanes.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI Held/Group
*Air pollution
*Chloroethanes
*Photochemical reactions
*0xidation
Infrared spectroscopy
13B
07C
07E
07B
14B
IB DISTRIBUTiON STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tintpage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/J-78-009
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
11 lease read Instructions on the teversc befor
JOURNAL ARTICLE
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OXIDANT PROBLEMS:
ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE/VIEWPOINTS PRESENTED
Part II. Evidence/Viewpoints on Key Issues
ftUTHnmei '
7 AUTHOR(S)
B. Dimitriades and A.P. Altshuller
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
NC
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
REPORT DATE
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603
1 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS '
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP,
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Air Pollu. Contr. Assoc., 28(3):207-212, March 1978.
16. ABSTRACT " • .
A group of reviewer/experts reviewed evidence and viewpoints reported to date on
the issues of ambient oxidant/03 formation and control, and offered their conclusions
and recommendations. The reviewers of the stratospheric ozone issue agreed that the
stratosphere does not contribute in a major way to the oxidant/03 problem experienced
during the smog season. There was consensus also that elevated oxidant/03 concentra-
tions can originate from upwind sources as far as 1,000-km or further. There was no
agreement, however, on the details of such oxidant/03 transport. Thus, transport of
fossil oxidant/03, transport of precursors, and interaction of transported pollutants
with local anthropogenic and/or natural pollutants were proposed specific processes
with uncertain relative contributions. Natural emissions were considered as an unim-
portant source of oxidant/03, but this judgement was questioned based on indirect
evidence. Nearly all reviewers agreed that the scientific evidence obtained since the
inception of the first oxidant control strategy does not invalidate the qualitative
grounds of that strategy; that is, control of anthropogenic organic emissions continues
to be a valid approach to ambient oxidant reduction. There was strong reluctance
however, to endorsing quantitative strategy concepts such as e.g. quantitative assess-
ment of organic emissions based on reactivity, and calculations of numerical control
requirements. The majority of reviewers concluded that the ambient oxidant/03 problem
requires control of both the hydrocarbon and NO emissions.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
* Air pollution
* Ozone
* Abatement
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSTFTF.n
!O SECURI1
UNCT
CLASS (This page)
C COSATI I Icld/Group
13B
07B
21 NO Or PAGES
22 PRICE
-------
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/J-78-010
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I lease read laufuctions on the reverse before completing)
JOURNAL ARTICLE
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ESTIMATED EFFECTIVE CHIMNEY HEIGHTS BASED ON
RAWINSONDE OBSERVATIONS AT SELECTED SITES IN
THE UNITED STATES
17 AUTHOR(S) ' — —
George C. Holzworth
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environnental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 3
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO
5. REPORT DATE
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AP-06 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. of Appl. Meteor. 17(l):64-69, February 1978.
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE"
EPA/600/09
16. ABSTRACT
The plume rise equations of Briggs (1975) for variable vertical profiles of
temperature and wind speed are described and applied for hypothetical small
and very large chimneys at five NWS rawlnsonde stations across the United States
From other available data additional information on plume behavior is deduced
For example, based on the 0515 CST soundings at Nashville, 61% of the effective
plume heights for 50-m chimneys were in a temperature inversion, but only 21%
for 400-m chimneys. Ordinarily such plumes would be in a fanning configuration
Most of the plumes from large chimneys (60%) were above an inversion, probably in
mi^nn'h^h^'K J^?11^?* °f *** Sma11 ^umes wre reached b* the afternoon
mixing height, but only 85% of the large plumes were reached. Such information
supports the obvious presumption that the effluent from large chimneys remains
airborne longer than that from small chimneys, is transported over greater
distances, and has more opportunity to undergo chemical transformations
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
*Meteorological data
*Ch imneys
*Height
*Estimates
Air pollution
Plumes
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73J
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19 SECURITY CLASS (THa Report)
UMCLASSIFTFn
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
c COSATl I icId/Group
04B
13M
13B
21B
21 NO OF PAGES
22 PRICE
-------
1 tUMIMIUAL HtKUHT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
EPA-600/J-78-012 * ,nuRNAL ARTTCLF
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A FURTHER EVALUATION OF MICROCOULOMETRY FOR
ATMOSPHERIC NITRIC ACID MONITORING
7 AUTHOFUS)
Chester W. Spicer, Gerald F. Ward, and Bruce W. Gay*
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
* Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO
5. REPORT OATC
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AJ-04 (FY=77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ' '
REFERENCE: Analytical Letters, All(l):85-95, 1978.
A coulometric instrument for measuring gaseous nitric acid is modified to
improve response time characteristics and simplify operation. Possible inter-
ferences were investigated and found minimal. Comparison measurements of
nitric acid by long path Fourier Transform infrared analysis of smog chamber
experiments were in good agreement and serve to confirm the utility of the
coulometric method.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C COSATI Field/G
* Air pollution
* Nitric acid
* Instrument
Chemical analysis
* Coulometers
Infrared analysis
13B
07B
14B
07D
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Jha page)
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inaruclivns on the rei-crse before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/J-78-028
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL SPECIES
TO THE EYE IRRITATION POTENTIAL OF PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
5 REPORT DATE
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
S PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
A. P. Altshuller
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AA-27 f-FY-77)
11 CDNTRACT/GWANT Ntf '""/
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory --RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: _ J. Air Pollu. Contr. Assoc., 28(6):594-598, June 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
Eye irritation measurements are available from smog chamber solar irradiations
of selected hydrocarbon-nitrogen oxide mixtures. These results have been used to
compute eye irritation intensity parameters for formaldehyde ,acrolein, peroxyacetyl
nitrate and peroxypropionyl nitrate. Peroxypropionyl nitrate is the most irritating
of these four substances. The relative contribution of various pairs of eye irri-
tants in ambient air mixtures to eye irritation has been calculated from the ambient
air concentrations and the eye irritation intensity parameters. The relative contri-
bution of the four eye irritants to a "typical" ambient air mixture has been computed
Formaldehyde appears to be the single most significant eye irritant. Other potential
ambient air eye irritants are discussed. The relationships between hydrocarbon con-
trol strategies and eye irritation are considered.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C COSATI I'lCld/CfOUp
*Air Pollution
*Aldehydes
*Eye Injuries
*Assessments
13B
07C
06 E
14B
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
RELEASE TO- PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Thit Reportf
UMCLASSIE1ECL
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tillspage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read JuXructit-is on rue n i <.ne before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/J-78-032
Journal Article
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
NOXIOUS TRACE GASES IN THE AIR
Part I. Photochemical Smog
5 REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOH
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Iuslruftie>ii!> an the ret crse before com/ilcting)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/J-78-033
Journal
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESS!Of*NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
NOXIOUS TRACE GASES IN THE AIR
Part II. Halogenated Pollutants
5 REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Philip L. Hanst
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
9 PERF.ORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AO£>R£SS „„„ ..„
Environmental Sciences Researcn Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: -Chemistry, 5^(2): 6-12, March 1978
16. ABSTRACT :
The chemistry of chlorofluorocarbons and other halogenated air pollutants
is discussed. A summary is presented of the present levels of concentration of
such compounds, along with comments on anticipated increases. Chemical reactions
that transform and remove halogenated pollutants in the troposphere are outlined.
The penetration of non-reactive pollutants into the stratosphere with resultant
destruction of stratospheric ozone is described. Consideration is given to future
consequences of continued release of the halogen-containing air pollutants.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Halohydrocarbons
* Ozone •
•*
Nitrogen oxides
Hydrocarbons
* Photochemical reactions
Stratosphere
13B
07C
07B
07E
04A
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS f This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED ' P '
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-t (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(ncase read fnsiruciions on the jvi ewe before completing)
EPA-600/J-78-034
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
HALOCARBON INTERFERENCES IN CHEMILUMINESCENT
MEASUREMENTS OF NO
5 REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Surendra B. Joshi and Joseph J. Bufalini
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
NAME AND ADDREE
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
(S?f~> as
12)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
* Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S.. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianple Park. North farnl'-inq 77711
5. SUPPLEMENTARY MOTCC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
_E£
NOTES
REFERENCE;. Environ. Sci. Technol., 12(5):597-599, May 1978.
Anomalous W responses were observed when halocarbons were irradiated in
presence of oxides of nitrogen. Interferences to chemiluminescent NO monitor
d carbon converter were studied for phosgene, tri-chloroacetylxchloride
rho Mn 1'.^hlorine' and hydrochloric acid. Data show positive interferences in
the NO monitor due to the test compound, either individually or as mixtures
bubstituting an FeS04 converter for the heated carbon converter may solve the
bu
but
be °f Particular interest to smog chamber researchers
? 2 measureme"ts in areas where halocarbon levels are relatively
"peCUJated that excited 0 molecules may be the interfering compound,
work is needed to substantiate this hypothesis
17.
a
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATl Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Nitrogen oxides
* Chemi'luminescence
Chemical analysis
* Halohydrocarbons
13B
Q7B
07D
07C
RELEASE .TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PHilCE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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