United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Health Effects Research
Laboratory, MD-51
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
JAN 79
Research and Development
xvEPA
Report Abstracts
Health Effects
Research Laboratory
RTP
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3 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LABORATORY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
NORTH CAROLINA 27711
The Health Effects Research Laboratory conducts an extensive research
program to evaluate the human health implications of environmental factors
related to our industrialized society.
The HERL Report Abstracts is published quarterly as a current awareness
tool for those who are interested in the activities of the Laboratory.
Included are abstracts of Office of Research and Development reports
published during the quarter. If journal or symposia papers by HERL personnel
have been published during the quarter, their abstracts will also be included.
Full reports are available (prepaid) from the:
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Va 22151
(phone: 703/321-8543)
Journal articles or symposia papers are usually available from local
libraries. Should you have difficulty in obtaining them locally, you
may write to us for a copy.
If you wish to discontinue receiving these quarterly abstracts, or
nominate additional recipients, please fill in the required information
below, as well as the return address block on the reverse, and return this
sheet to us.
F. Gordon Hueter
Acting Director,
Health Effects Research Laboratory
( ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please send your quarterly Report Abstracts to the addressees listed
below:
-------
(Please include ZIP Code)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 51
(Fold on dotted line and seal before mailing)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-78-052
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DIRECTORY OF SHORT TERM TESTS FOR HEALTH AND
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
5. REPORT DATE
July 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Biochemistry Branch
Environmental Toxicology Division
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park.NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1LA629, EHE625, 1AA601
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP,NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Dr. Michael Waters (919-541-2537)
16. ABSTRACT
This directory provides basic information on the short term tests for
health and ecological effects being performed by various U.S. EPA Laboratories
through the Office of Health and Ecological Effects. The test systems are
cross-indexed.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
environmental tests
laboratories
biological laboratories
directories
indexes (documentation)
short term tests
06 F, T
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS {ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
{Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-78-060
12T
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Toxaphene Composition and Toxicology
5. REPORT DATE
September 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOH(S)
John E. Casida and Mahmoud Abbas Saleh
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory
Department of Entomological Sciences
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1EA615
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803913
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP,NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Dr. Ronald L. Baron (919-541-2655)
16. ABSTRACT
The composition and metabolism of Toxaphene have been examined to aid in understanding
the conditions under which this insecticide can be most effectively and safely used. Each
of 8 Toxaphene samples manufactured by Hercules Chemical Co. from 1949 to 1975 shows the same
29 major peaks and in almost identical ratios. About 85% of the total peak area is accounted
for by these 29 peaks which individually vary from 1 to 8* of the total. The 8 Toxaphene
samples were easily differentiated from 12 samples of chlorinated terpenes from other manufac-
turers in the United States and abroad. There is surprisingly little variation in the acute
toxicity of any sample.
Five major Toxaphene components (2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachXorobornane (I) and its
3-exo-chloro-, 8-chloro-, 9-chloro- and 10-chloro-derivatives) collectively account for up to
23% of the technical grade Toxaphene and up to 34* of those of chlorinated 2-exo,10-dichloro-
bornane. ChJorination of 2-exo,10-dichloroboraane provides a convenient source of I and other
chlorinated bornanes. The toxicity to mice, houseflies and goldfish of the octachlorobomanes
formed by introducing chlorine substituents into I, relative to I itself, generally decreases
in the order: 9-chloro > 8-chloro > no added chlorine (i.e. I) > 3-exo-chloro, 5-exo-chloro or
10-chloro.
Fat from chickens and mammals treated orally with Toxaphene contains products similar in
GLC characteristics to Toxaphene itself whereas liver and feces contain Toxaphene-derived
products of greatly altered GLC properties. Toxaphene preparations and related chlorinated
terpenes are mutagens in the histidine-requiring Salmonella typhimurium assay. The most
potent mutagenic components, which are not identified, reside in the polar fractions on
crystallization or solumn chromatography.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
insecticides
metabolism
composition(property)
toxicity
Toxaphene
07 C
06 A, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report'
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
65
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage!
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-78-063
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DIESEL EXHAUST EMISSION
Literature Review and Evaluation
5. REPORT DATE
6. I
NIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J. Santodonato, D. Basu, P. Howard
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Syracuse Research Corporation
Merrill Lane
Syracuse, New York 13210
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2800
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP.NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Mr. James Smith (919-541-2909)
16. ABSTRACT
Engineering tests have shown a significant improvement in fuel economy in light
duty vehicles equipped with diesel engines versus those equipped with gasoline
engines. Automobile manufacturers are considering a major program for conversion to
diesel engines in the automobile fleet by 1985. Available studies show rather large
differences in emissions from diesel engine .exhausts as opposed to gasoline engine
exhaust. Conversion of a major portion of the automobile fleet to diesel engines may
significantly change the ambient concentrations of both regulated and uregulated
pollutants, and hence the potential human exposure pattern. Such changes may impact
upon public health, and consequently require changes in air quality standards,
and/or new emissions or air quality standards. An assessment of the current state
of knowledge regarding the health effects ffom diesel exhaust emissions, and the
identification of major research needs, are important factors which must be considered
by the EPA under the 1977 Amendments to the Clean Air Act.
In order to accomplish this objective, the following information on diesel
emissions has been reviewed in this document: physical and chemical characteristics;
biological effects in animals and man; epidemiologic studies; knowledge gaps; and
research needs.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
diesel fuels
exhaust gases
health
toxicology
reviews
06 F, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
163
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLE.T-E
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-78-064
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DESCRIPTION OF THE CLEANS HUMAN EXPOSURE SYSTEM
5. REPORT DATE
November 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Arthur A. Strong
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Clinical Studies Division
Health Effects Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SI
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
RTP.NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Mr. Strong's telephone number is (919-541-2872)
16-ABSTRACT Legislative mandates require the Environmental Protection Agency to
determine the levels of risk to the human population exposed to air pollu-
tants and establish standards to limit that risk. Two stainless steel
Controlled Environmental Laboratories (CEL) were constructed in the EPA
Clinical Studies Laboratory Facilities in Chapel Hill, North Carolina to
determine the pulmonary and cardiovascular health problems of humans ex-
posed to ambient levels of selected air pollutants. Both gaseous and water
soluble particulate pollutants can be generated in desired concentrations
in accurately controlled air flows, temperatures, humidities,, and light
levels. Each CEL operates independently of the other, and the pollutants
can be introduced either singly or in combinations. Four PDP-11/40 computers
are required to automate all control, measurement, and data acquisition for
the CEL environment and the physiological measurements of the test subjects.
The exposure system was designed to house six test subjects for several
weeks without interruption of the exposure insult.
A brief description of the exposure laboratories and the support
systems including their functions is provided. The methodology used to
measure and control the conditions in each CEL is included along with a
list of the physiological capabilities.
7. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
test chambers
humans
environmental tests
laboratories
air pollution
CLEANS
06 F, L
14 B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
37
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing]
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-6QQ/1-78-065
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE DEGRADATION
5. REPORT DATE
6.
CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Fumio Matsumura
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Entomology
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1EA615
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-801060
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 277T1
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Dr. Robert Moseman (919-541-2330)
16. ABSTRACT
This research project was initiated with the overall objective of determining
(1) the;chemical structures of toxic components of toxaphene, (2) to study anaerobic
metabolism to degrade toxaphene and other pesticides, and (3) to understand toxic
action mechanism of chlordimeform.
As a result of intensive efforts the molecular structures of three of the most
toxic principles of toxaphene were identified. Together these comprise at least 70%
of toxaphene's toxicity toward mice. This is the first time that the structure of
toxic components of toxaphene became apparent despite the widespread use (over 1
billion pounds, which is comparable to DDT) of toxaphene in the last 3 decades.
Toxaphene on the other hand degrades relatively faster than other chlorinated
pesticides such as DDT and dieldrin. The reason for it is that toxaphene is susceptiblf
to reductive degradative forces.
Chlordimeform was found to affect amine regulatory mechanisms in animals. Such
actions explain some of the subtle effects of this pesticide on animals. Inasmuch
as that biogenic amines are known to play many important biological roles1such as
controlling emotion, behavior and circulatory functions of the body.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
pesticides
toxicity
chlorohydrocarbons
molecular structures
toxaphene
chlordimeform
07 C
06 T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
40
2a. SECURITY CLAS
UNCLASSIFIED
CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-78-066
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON BENZO(A)PYRENE
CARCINOGENESIS
5. REPORT DATE
November 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Anthony J. Triolo
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Jefferson Medical College
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, PA 19107
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CON
RANT NO.
R-803486
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP.NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Dr. Thomas M. Scotti (919-541-2367)
16. ABSTRACT
The pesticides parathion, toxaphene, and carbaryl were tested for their ability
to induce tumors in the forestomach and lungs of female Ha/ICR and A/J mice
respectively. None of these pesticides, when fed alone in the diet of the mice,
showed significant oncogenic activity. On the other hand, toxaphene enhanced
benzo(ajpyrene (BP)-induced tumors and increased BP hydroxylase activity in the
forestomach of the Ha/ICR mice and carbaryl enhanced BP-induced tumors and increased
BP hydroxylase activity in the lungs of the A/J mice. In each instance, it is "
possible that toxaphene and carbaryl exhibited a cooncogenic effect in enhancing the
BP-induced tumors. Conversely, toxaphene decreased the incidence of BP-induced
tumors and inhibited BP hydroxylase activity in the lungs of the A/J mice. These
results suggest that increased BP hydroxylase activity in tissues tends to enhance
tumor formation and a decrease in the enzyme activity may have a protective effect
against tumors. The relationship between enzyme inducibility and tumor formation
may be due to the level of oncogenic epoxides formed in target organs. Further,
studies of the formation of specific oncogenic epoxides of BP in tissues after
treatment with these pesticides would help towards defining more clearly the
relationship between BP hydroxylase inducibility and BP oncogenesis.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
neoplasms
pesticides
carcinoid tumors
toxicology
oncogenesis
carcinogenesis
benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylas
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxyl
06 F, T
a
jse
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
UNCLASSIFIED
91. NO. OF PAGES
38
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page J
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-78-067
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
STUDY OF CHILDREN'S BLOOD-LEAD LEVELS WITHIN FAMILIES
5. REPORT DATE
November 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Danica Prpic-Majjic
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational
Health
Zagreb, Yugoslavia
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
SFCP-JF-3-570-2
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Dr. Robert J.M. Horton (919-541-2909)
Comparative studies of the biological indices of elevated exposure to lead in
children and adults were conducted with the intention of reaching a better under-
standing of lead absorption in children. Three family groups were examined. Group 1
consisted of families who lived in the vicinity of a lead smelter and whose fathers
were occupationally highly exposed to lead. Group 2 consisted of families settled
in the same area, but whose fathers had no supplemental occupational exposure to lead.
The third was the control group! consisting of families who lived in an area with very
low exposure and whose fathers were not occupationally exposed to lead. Families
were selected with one child under 4 years and, if possible, another child of school
age. In the environmental survey lead in air, dustfall, household-dust, and
drinking-water were analyzed. Three biological parameters, erythrocyte 6-aminolevu-
linic dehydratase activity, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and blood lead were
determined. On the basis of these parameters the following sequence of lead absorp-
tion was established in family members living in an area with elevated lead exposure:
fathers > school-age children = children up to 4 years > mothers. Children with
fathers occupatiqnally exposed to lead had a slight additional lead exposure in
comparison with dhildren whose fathers had no supplemental occupational exposure to
lead. It was found that the population living near a lead smelter, except for the
fathers occupationally exposed to lead, had biological findings at the level of a
—"uiudfcii'dUily elevated" exposure, while those occupationo/lly Qxpoocd had "GXCGSOI'VG"
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Croup
lead (metal)
children
blood analysis
occupational diseases
environmental surveys
06 F, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
153
iECURITY CLASS (Thispage}
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REF'?RT DATA
(I'lcasc n-inl iHtinii'liiins on tin-i V/AV Iwforr cnniiili-iinf.1
1. REPOR' NO.
EPA-600/1-79-001
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO PAN AND OZONE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTION
5. REPOR1 DATt
January 1979
6. PERrORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gail B. Thontas, James D. Fenters and Richard Ehrlich
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
Life Sciences Research Division
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, IL 60616
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
RTP,NC
10. PROGRAM ELEMhNT NO.
1AA601
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1273
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
"AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Dr. Donald E. Gardner (919-541-2531)
16. ABSTRACT
The effects of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and ozone (03) on susceptibility of mice
and guinea pigs to chronic and acute respiratory infections were studied. The
agent used for the acute infectious disease was Streptococcus sp. whereas Mycobac-
terium tuberculosis .served as the agent for chronic respiratory infection. A sign-
ificant increase in mortality due to streptococcal pneumonia was seen upon a single
3-hr exposure to PAN in concentrations ranging from 14.8 to 28.4 mg/m3. Multiple
daily exposures to 4.9 or 7.4 mg/m3 PAN 3 hr/day, 5 days/week for up to 3 weeks
had no effect on mortality, survival rates, or ability to clear inhaled Streptococ-
cus sp. from the lungs. Daily 3-hr exposures to 25.0 mg/m3 PAN did not produce any
marked changes in the chronic infection as measured by M. tuberculosis titers in the
lungs. The diameter of erythemas, expressing the cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity
reaction were persistently smaller in guinea pigs exposed to PAN than those exposed
to air. Multiple exposures to 19.8 mg/m3 PAN resulted inim'tial elevation of anti-
body titers, but depression of titers during the later (12 to 15 week) observation
period. A single exposure to the same concentration of PAN resulted in a significant
increase in total number of cells lavaged from their lungs but somewhat decreased
levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Exposure to 7.4 mg/m3 PAN 3 hr/day, 5 days/
week for 2 weeks resulted in reduced total cell counts and a significant reduction of
ATP levels in alveolar macrophages. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the
respiratory tract showed that the nonciliated cells of the nasal cavities and tracheas
of mice exposed to PAN were raised and sloughing and excess mucus was present. In
older mice lung congestion was enhanced by PAN exposure. Exposures to ozone resulted
in increased titers of M. tuberculosis in the lungs, depression of hypersensitivity
reaction and elevation in serum antibody titers.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
peroxyacetic acid
ozone
respiratory infection
toxicity
sensitivity
h.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Ildd/Group
06 F, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
40
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
10
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
•(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/1-79-002
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Environmental Carcinogens and Human Cancer: Estimation of Exposure
to Carcinogens in the Ambient Air
5. REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Niren L. Nagda, Ph.D.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
CEO MET Report Number HF-701
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GEOMET, Incorporated
15 Firstfield Road
Caithersburg, MD 20760
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1HE775
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-03-2504
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.P.. ?7?n
RTP.NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Task Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
'Project Officer is Dr. Carl Hayes (919-S41-2242)
16. ABSTRACT
In this study, a methodology for ambient exposure analysis of carcinogens was developed based on a pilot
study of the Detroit Metropolitan area. The specific aim of the analysis was to identify hiRli and low exposure areas
within the study area. Four known or suspected carcinogens and groups of carcinogens: HaP, trichloroethylcne, nickel
and its compounds, and cadmium and its compounds were studied. The analysis of ambient exposure to BaP consisted
of the use of the Air Quality Display Model (AQDM) to simulate levels of BaP which might have existed during 1956
to 1960. The analysis for BaP involved a multistep procedure. In order to examine the accuracy of AQDM predicted
BaP ambient concentrations, present conditions (1975-1976) were simulated and compared against known concentrations
in the area. Next, BaP emissions for the period 1956-1960 were estimated by analyzing past trends for significant sources.
This emissions data base, along witli meteorological data for the same period, was used as an input to ADQM to predict
historical exposure to BaP. The analysis for the other three carcinogens was less detailed than that for BaP. It was com-
prised of estimation of emissions and calculation of emission density for each of the three carcinogens. For nickel and
cadmium, it also included a comparison of spatial variation in emissions with measured air quality patterns in the Detroit
area. The results of this study were very encouraging in light of the scarcity of data on carcinogens. Excellent correla-
tion between observed and estimated concentrations was obtained for BaP. In the case of nickel and cadmium, the esti-
mated emission density patterns matched well with observed air quality patterns. Due to the lack of data on ambient
concentrations, a similar comparison was not possible for trichloroethylene. The carcinogen exposure patterns developed
in this study are being used in the selection of population samples for an epidemiological study of the area.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS c. COSATI Field/Group
Carcinogens *:
Air pollution*
Exposure*
Mathematical model
Detroit
Heii7.o-:i-pyrcne
Cadmium
Trichloroethylene
Air Quality Display Model (AQDM)
06, F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
150
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
11
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
f/Yn ilu' I- -«T.tr lirfiirr ciinti'lctinrl
1. REPORT NO. J2.
EPA-600/7-79-009 |_
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
INTERAGENCY PROGRAM IN ENERGY-RELATED HEAL1
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS. RESEARCH - Project SI
7. AUTHOR(S)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Health and Ecological Effects
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triancfle Park, N.C. 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Health and Ecological Effects
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington. DC 20460
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
[•L. ANp January 1979
, . p , 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE6?5
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Mr. Jim Smith (919-541-2909)
16. ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
This report summarizes research supported by the EPA Health Effects
Research Laboratory at Research Triangle Park, NC, under the Federal Inter-
agency Energy/Environment R & D Program. The EPA has had the lead responi-
bility for the planning, coordination and implementation of this program
since fiscal year 1975.
Projects reported in this document are grouped under one of four major
research areas. The first area is identification of hazardous agents
associated with non-nuclear energy technologies. These projects involved
the development of qualitative methods for the identification of hazardous
materials. The second area is development of more rapid and sensitive
methods to evaluate dose to man. These projects focused on the development
of quantitative methods for measuring degree of toxicity of various pol-
lutants. The third area is determination of the metabolism and fate of
hazardous agents associated with energy technologies. These projects in-
volved determination of the physiological activities of several known carcin-
ogens. The fourth research area is evaluation of hazards to man. In addi-
tion to studies of the effects of certain pollutants on humans, several of
the projects concerned preparation of standard pollutant samples for use in
future studies to increase the comparability of results.
A list of additional studies funded under this program is included.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
bioassay
hazardous agents
energy
environments
metabolism
carcinogens
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
06 F, T
19. SECURITY CLASS (Tills Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED Ifi7
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tills page) 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
12
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'U-asc read Instructions on the irwrsc be fun complctinx)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-78-027
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionatioi
and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures
5. REPORT DATE
September 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Toxicology Division
Health Effects Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP,NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer is Dr. Michael Waters (919-541-2537)
16. ABSTRACT
This report is the proceedings of a symposium convened at Williamsburg, Virginia
February 21-23, 1978. The volume consists of 24 formal presentations that amplify
the three major topics discussed during the symposium: an overview of short-term
bioassay systems; current methodology involving the collection and chemical analysis
of environmental samples; and current research involving the use of short-term
bioassays in the fractionation and analysis of complex environmental mixtures.
The purpose of these proceedings is to present the state-of-the-art techniques in
bioassay and chemical analysis as applied to,complex mixtures and to foster continued
advancement of this important area of collaborative research. Complex mixtures
discussed include ambient air and water, waste water, drinking water, shale oil,
synthetic fuels, automobile exhaust, diesel particulate, coal fly ash, cigarette
smoke condensates, and food products.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Bioassay
mixtures
air
shale oil
exhaust emissions
fly ash
smoke
food
water
short-term bioassay
06, F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport}
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220—1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
13
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
/Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-78-034
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SHORT-TERM TESTS FOR HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL
EFFECTS. Part I: Program Overview.
Part II: Directory of Tests
5. REPORT DATE
November 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Biochemistry Branch
Environmental Toxicology Division
Health Effects Research Laboratory
RpgpaiT'Vi Trianglp Pat-lf M f* 77711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Pooc»g-rr''h TV-f angl a Pa-r-V M f 77711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOfES
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
Project Officer is Dr. Michael Waters (919-541-2537)
16. ABSTRACT
This report is the proceedings of an Office of Health and Ecological Effects
(OHEE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency workshop held at the Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, in January of 1978.
The proceedings consists of eight papers. The first paper is the keynote
address; the other seven papers overview the work being done in short-term testing
for health and ecological effects by the various U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Health and Ecological Effects Laboratories.
Included with the proceedings in the Directory of Short-Term Tests for Health
and Ecological Effects, which is also published separately as EPA-600/1-78-052.
The directory, which was compiled as a result of the workshop, provides basic
information about the individual short-term tests for health and ecological effects.
The test systems are cross-indexed.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
environmental tests
laboratories
biological laboratories
directories
indexes (documentation)
short term tests
06 F, T
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
21. NO. OF PAGES
207 SECuWrrr CrASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
14
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MS-77-104
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ENHANCED PESTICIDE METABOLISM, A PREVIOUSLY
UNREPORTED EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE IN MAMMALS
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland and C. J. Chadwick
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Toxicology Division
Health Effects Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1EA615
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP, NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Published in: Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 16:217-225, 1978
16. ABSTRACT
The effects of various dietary fibres on the metabolism of the organochlorine
insecticide, lindane, were compared. Groups of six weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats
were fed either a synthetic low-residue diet (LRD), LRD + 10% pectin, LRD + 10% agar,
LRD + 10% cellulose, or Purina Lab Chow for 28 days. The animals were then dosed oral!.
with 2-87 mg lindane (containing 1-66 yCi{U- Olindane) and were killed 24 hr later.
A smaller proportion of administered radioactivity was recovered in the excreta and
selected tissues from the rats fed the LRD diet than from other groups and the fate of
the radioactivity not accounted for was investigated in a second experiment using rats
fed either LRD unsupplemented, LRD + 10% pectin or the standard chow diet. Pectin and
the dietary fibre contained in Purina Lab Chow caused significant alterations in the
metabolism of lindane. A significant increase in the excretion of radiolabelled prod-
ucts, a higher level of conjugated chlorophenols and polar metabolites, a significant
alteration in the proportions of the excreted chlorophenols and significant stimula-
tion of the enzymes involved in lindane metabolism indicated that dietary fibre such as
pectin or the plant fibre in Purina Lab Chow can significantly affect the metabolism of
xenobiotics in mammals.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pesticides
Metabolism
Mammals
Biochemistry
06F, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
I UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
INCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
15
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MS-78-002
1. REPORT NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R. F. MoSeman, M. K. Ward, H. L. Crist, and R. D.
Zehr
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Toxicology Division
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
THCHNICAL RF.P >RT DATA
f/'/nivr iTiiJ liitlniftunix on //"' ' '•(•;<•• Ifjiirr «>/"/'/< liny.)
| JOURNAL ART]
ARTICLE
3. RECIPItNT'S ACCFSS1ON NO.
5. REPORT DATE
A Micro Derivatization Technique for the Confirma-
tion of Trace Quantities of Kepone
G. PfcHI ORMING ORGANIZATION CODt
•?. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRPS3
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
RTP, NC
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1EA615
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORiNG'AGENCY"CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Published in: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 26 (4):965-968, 1978
16. ABSTRACT
A rapid and simple procedure has been devised for the confirmation of nanogram
quantities of Kepone that is sensitive to part per billion levels in environmental
and biological samples. Electron-capture gas chromatography of the perch!orinated
derivative enabled confirmation often not possible by other techniques such as gas
chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Conversion of Kepone to mi rex was
accomplished by a high-temperature closed-tube reaction. Mirex that might have been
present in the original sample extract was.separated from Kepone by a micro Florisil
column cleanup step. The absence of mi rex in cleaned-up sample extracts was verified
during the electron-capture gas chromatographic quantisation for Kepone. The conver-
sion of Kepone to mi rex was quantitative, allowing for the estimation of Kepone by a
separate technique. Thus, considerable confidence is added to analytical results.
Details of the methodology and results obtained are discussed.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Toxicology
Pesticides
Kepone
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI 1-idd/Croup
06F, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
16
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MS-78-035
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THREE PREVIOUSLY UNREPORTED
LINDANE METABOLITES FROM MAMMALS
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Robert W. Chadwick, Joseph J. Freal, G. Wayne Sovocool,
Charles C. Bryden and M. Frank Copeland
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Toxicology Division
Health Effects Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1EA615
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
RTP, NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Published in: Chemosphere 8:633-640, 1978
16. ABSTRACT
Previously unreported metabolites from the urine of rats treated with lindane
have been identified as configurational isomers of 2,4,5,6- and 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-
2-cyclohexen-l-ol. In addition, an intermediate metabolite from the incubation of
lindane with liver preparations, under N2, has been identified as the configurational
isomer Y-3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocyclohex-l-ene. The pathways leading to these metabolites
appear to have an important role in the metabolism of lindane by mammals.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Metabolism
Mammals
Identifying
Chemical analysis
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS" C. COSATI Field/Group
06F, M, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
17
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MS-78-054
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
EFFECT OF URBAN OZONE LEVELS ON LABORATORY-INDUCED
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Frederick J. Miller, Joseph W. Illing and
Donald E. Gardner
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Statistics and Data Management Office
Health Effects Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA816
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP, NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Published In: Toxicol. Let. 2_;163-169. 1978
16. ABSTRACT
The effect of the time of exposure to an aerosol of viable microorganisms on the
Incidence of respiratory infections associated with a 3 h exposure to ozone (0,) was
studied. The 157 and 196 vg/m (0.08 - 0.1 ppm) levels of 0, used occur regularly in
some urban communities. The studies reported here show that the susceptibility of
mice to a laboratory-induced infection can be maximally enhanced if the infectious
challenge is concurrent with the exposure to 0,.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
Ozone
Infectious diseases
Respiratory infections
Toxicology
06F, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
18
-------
MS-77-055
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SIMILARITY BETWEEN MAN AND LABORATORY ANIMALS IN
REGIONAL PULMONARY DEPOSITION OF OZONE
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Frederick J. Miller, Daniel B. Menzel, and
David L. Coffin
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Statistics and Data Management Office
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 and
Division of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC 27710
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA816
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
RTP, NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/11
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Published in: Environ Res. 17:84-101, 1978
16. ABSTRACT : ~ ~~ ~~~
Predicted pulmonary ozone (0-) dose curves obtained by model analysis of the trans
port and removal of 0- in the lungs of guinea pigs, rabbits, and man indicate that a
general similarity exists among these species in the shapes of the dose curves. An
overview of the major features of the lower airway mathematical model used is pre-
sented. This model predicts that the respiratory bronchioles receive the maximum
dose. For exposures corresponding to trachea!' 03 concentrations greater than 100
(0.05 ppm), the predicted respiratory bronchiolar dose for rabbits was found to be
twice that for guinea pigs and 80% of that for man. Sensitivity analyses are presented
for model parameters relating to the treatment of the chemical reactions of 0~ with the
mucous layer. The role of tidal volume in the determination of pulmonary uptake of 0-
in man is examined. The consistency and similarity of the dose curves for the three
species lend strong support to the validity of extrapolating to man the results ob-
tained on animals exposed to 0,.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
Ozone
Respiratory infections
Toxicology
Lung
06F, T
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
19
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