United States Industrial Environmental Research
Environmental Protection Laboratory
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
JUL79
Research and Development
Report
Abstracts
Industrial
Environmental
Research Laboratory
RTP
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! UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
July 1979
The attached abstracts (EPA Forms 2220-1) represent reports
that have been issued through EPA's Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory during the past month. They are sent to you
because of the indication that you are interested in our multimedia
activities relating to the control of environmental pollution.
If any of these abstracts interest you (and you desire the full
reports), they are available from our Technical Information Ser-
vice (Mail Drop 64, Research Triangle Park NC 27711) at no charge.
To ensure prompt and accurate responses, please request these
reports in writing.
When the local stock is depleted, the reports will still be avail-
able (but prepaid) from the National Technical Information Service,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield VA 22151 (phone 703/321-8543).
If you desire either to discontinue receiving these monthly
abstracts, or to nominate additional recipients, please fill in the
required information below, as well as the return address block
on the reverse hereof, and return the sheet to us.
Sincerely yours,
mnflC. Burchard
Director
Encl: (14)
( ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please start sending your monthly abstracts to the addressees
indicated below (complete addresses, please):
-1-
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(Please include ZIP code)
PLACE
STAMP
HERE
To: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 64
(Fold on dotted lines and seal before mailing)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-02 5
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A Cost Study Format for BATEA Achievement by the
Iron and Steel Industry
i. REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
L. L. Huff and J. D. Stockham
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB610
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, niinois 60616
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2617, Task 2-4
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD C
Task Final; 8/77 - 1/78
DCOVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ERL-RTP project officer is John S. Ruppersberger, Mail Drop
62, 919/541-2733.
16. ABSTRACT The report describes a study to develop a format for Best Available Tech-
nology Economically Achievable (BATEA) cost analysis, including pertinent cost
data. The format is to aid Regional U.S. EPA personnel in evaluating economic
appeal cases for BATEA. Through discussion with U.S. EPA Regional personnel anc
a review of cost engineering literature, two sample formats were developed: one
for capital investment; the other for operating costs. The cost analysis formats were
designed specifically for application to the iron and steel industry; although, with
modification, they could be used for other industries as well. General information
regarding various cost components is provided as a basis for analyzing cost esti-
mates presented by specific iron and steel plants.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Iron and Steel Industry
Cost Analysis
Cost Engineering
Capitalized Costs
Operating Costs
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
BATEA
13B
11F
14A
05A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
43
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing/
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-112
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Level 1 Assessment of Uncontrolled Sinter Plant
Emissions
5. REPORT DATE
May 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
C.W. Westbrook
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB604C and 1BB610C
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2630, Task 3
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 3/78 - 3/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES T£RL-RTP project officer is Robert V. Hendriks , Mail Drop 62,
919/541-2733.
. ABSTRACT
repOrt gives results of sampling and analysis of uncontrolled emissions
from two sinter plants, to characterize and quantify the particulate, organic, and
inorganic species present. One plant used revert (waste products of other steelma-
Icing operations) material (series 1); the other did not (series 2). In both plants, sam-
pling took place in the windbox gas main before the emission control equipment, using
EPA Level 1 environmental assessment methodology. Samples from the sinter plant
not using revert material were delayed in shipment for 2 months and, therefore,
received a reduced analytical effort. Particulate concentrations of 1405 and 804
mg/cu m and total organic emissions of 25. 66 and 4/84 mg/cu m were found for
series 1 and 2 , respectively. No known carcinogenic organic compounds were identi-
fied. Organics in both cases were largely high molecular weight materials. For
series 1, concentrations of the different organic categories were in the same relative
proportion as in the process feed sample, despite the fact that about 85% of the feed
organic was destroyed. Analyses indicate that 12 inorganic components and 5 organic
ategories might exceed Air-Health MATE values if emitted uncontrolled.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution Dust
Sintering
Iron and Steel Industry
Emission
Assessments
Analyzing
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulate
13 B
13 H
11F
14B
11G
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS /This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
91
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inuniclions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-78-110
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Electrostatic Precipitator Technology Assessment:
Visits in Japan, November 1977
5. REPORT DATE
June 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORtS)
Grady B. Nichols
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Project 3858-5
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue, South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2610, W.A. 5
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Final; 11/77-4/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES TjERL-RTP project officer is James H. Abbott, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2925.
i6. ABSTRACT .p^g repOrt. gives results of B. particulate control technology assessment
visit to Japan by a team of U.S. investigators. The visit included discussions with
personnel from universities, industries , and other major installations involved with
particula.te control. Significant research activities were noted in both the academic
and industrial sectors related to particulate control and measurements. The report
summarizes results of the individual discussions, observations during the tour, and
discussions of technical papers. Many valuable technical papers supplied to the U.S.
team are reproduced the the Appendix of the report.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Electrostatic Precipitation
Dust
Measurement
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Japan
Particulates
13B
13H
11G
14B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF FACES
46
20. SECURITY CLASS (This pagt'l
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-' (9-73)
-5-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read iHUruciions on the reverse be fort completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-78-110a
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Electrostatic Precipitator Technology Assessment:
Visits in Japan, November 1977
6. REPORT DATE
June 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Grady B. Nichols
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Project 3858-5
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue, South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2610, W.A. 5
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final: 11/77-4/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES T£RL-RTP project officer is James H. Abbott, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2925. EPA-600/7-78-110 is the basic report.
16. ABSTRACT
repOr{ gives results of a particulate control technology assessment
visit to Japan by a team of U.S. investigators. The visit included discussions with
personnel from universities , industries , and other major installations involved with
particulate control. Significant research activities were noted in both the academic
and industrial sectors related to particulate control and measurements. The report
summarizes results of the individual discussions, observations during the tour, and
discussions of technical papers. Many valuable technical papers supplied to the U.S.
team are reproduced the the Appendix of the report.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Electrostatic Precipitation
Dust
Measurement
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Japan
Particulates
13B
13H
UG
14B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (Thii Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
697
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-71)
-6-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-043C
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Fabric Filter Model Sensitivity Analysis
5. REPORT DATE
April 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Richard Dennis, H.A.Klemm, and William Battye
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GCA-TR-78-26-G
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GCA/Technology Division
Burlington Road
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2607, Task 7
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 6/78 - 2/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jjERL-RTP project officer is James H. Turner, MD-61, 919/541-
2925.
16. ABSTRACT
rep()rt gives results of a series of sensitivity tests of a GCA fabric
filter model, as a precursor to further laboratory and/or field tests. Preliminary
tests had shown good agreement with field data. However , the apparent agreement
between predicted and actual values was based on limited comparisons: validation
was carried out without regard to optimization of the data inputs selected by the fil-
ter users or manufacturers. The sensitivity tests involved introducing into the model
several hypothetical data inputs that reflect the expected ranges in the principal fil-
ter system variables. Such factors as air /cloth ratio, cleaning frequency, amount of
cleaning, specific resistence coefficient K2, the number of compartments, and inlet
concentration were examined in various permutations. A key objective of the tests
was to determine the variables that require the greatest accuracy in estimation based
on their overall impact on model output. For K2 variations , the system resistance
and emission properties showed little change; but the cleaning requirement changed
t'rastically. On the other hand, considerable difference in outlet dust concentration
was indicated when the degree of fabric cleaning was varied. To make the findings
more useful to persons assessing the probable success of proposed or existing fil-
ter systems , much of the data output is presented in graphs or charts.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
Pollution
Filtration
Fabrics
Mathematical Models
Sensitivity
Analyzing
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Fabric Filters
Bag Houses
13B
07D
11E
12A
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Repon)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
213
2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-7-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions an the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-063a
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
LEVEL 2 ANALYSIS
BASED ON LEVEL 1 RESULTS, MEG CATEGORIES
AND COMPOUNDS, AND DECISION CRITERIA
5. REPORT DATE
February 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
L. E.Ryan, R. G. Beimer, and R. F. Maddalone
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
TRW, Inc.
Defense and Space Systems Group
One Space Park
Redondo Beach, California 90278
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE623A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2613, Task 6
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final: 12/76 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
2825.
project officer is Walter B. Steen, MD-61, 919/541-
i6. ABSTRACT Tne report describes an approach to the decision criteria needed to pro-
ceed from the initial emission screening analysis (Level 1) to the detailed emission
characterization (Level 2), and a Level 2 analytical approach. The decision criteria,
considering only the available Level 1 chemical data, provide a basis which can be
used for proceeding to a Level 2 emission characterization based on chemical cor-
relation with compounds identified as Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEGs). The
report discusses the types of Level 1 environmental assessment samples, and the
chemical data available which can be prioritized for a MEG-based Level 2 plan. K
presents a logic network for determining the need for a Level 2 sampling effort. It
also presents an integrated approach to Level 2 inorganic compound analysis, an
identification scheme consisting of characterization of the initial sample, of bulk
composition, and of individual particles. Detailed logic networks are included to
provide direction to the analyst during the identification process. The analysis of
solid and liquid samples for organic compounds is discussed, using mainly combined
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A logic network is provided for the organic
analyst.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Assessments
Analyzing
Sampling
Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
Gas Chromator
graphy
Mass Spectres copy
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Environmental Assess-
ment
Level 2 Analysis
MEGs
13B
14B
07C
0702
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
163
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 i>-73)
-8-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-067b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EPA INDUSTRIAL BOILER FGD SURVEY: First
Quarter 1979
5. REPORT DATE
April 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
J. Tuttle, A. Patkar, S. Kothari, D. Osterhout,
M.Heffling, and M.Eckstein
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
PEDCo Environmental, Inc.
11499 Chester Road
Cincinnati, OH 45246
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2603, Task 45
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 1-3/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES T£RL-RTP project officer R. M. McAdams is no longer with EPA;
for details contact R. D. Stern, MD-61, 919/541-2915. Earlier related reports are
in the EPA-600/7-78-052 series.
is. ABSTRACT
repOrt gives detailed technical information concerning application of
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems to industrial boilers. Design and operation
data is presented for 164 FGD control systems (125 of them operational), designed to
control SO2 emissions from 304 industrial boilers at 58 plants. With a 1978 capacity
of 8. 8 million scfm, an average of more than seven new FGD systems have been put
on line each year since 1972. Information in the report was obtained by a survey of
plant personnel, control system vendors , regulatory agencies , and consulting engin-
eering firms. The data is given in two types of tables: one gives summary informa-
tion; the other, detailed information. Summary tables present information as a func-
tion of control process, control system vendor, disposal technique, operational sta-
tus, startup date, and flue gas capacity. Detailed information includes: control sys-
tem design, economics, operating experience, problems and solutions, waste dis-
posal techniques, and maintenance practices.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Flue Gases
Desulfurization
Boilers
Waste Disposal
Maintenance
Pulping
Chemical Industry
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Industrial Boilers
13B
21B
07A,07D
13A
15E
11H
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
236
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-9-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-069
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Economics of Disposal of Lime/Lime-
stone Scrubbing Wastes: Sludge/Flyash Blending and
Gypsum Systems
5. REPORT DATE
February 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOH(S)
J.W. Barrier, H.L.Faucett, and L.J.Henson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
TVA, Office of Agricultural and Chemical Develop-
ment
National Fertilizer Development Center
Muscle Shoals, Alabama 35660
INE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA-IAG-D8-E721-BI
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 6/77 - 5/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer is Julian W. Jones, MD-61, 919-541-
2489. EPA-600/7-78-023a is an earlier related report.
16 ABSTRACTThe report, the second in a series of economic evaluations of flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) waste disposal systems, gives results of a study of two pro-
cesses that produce a soil-like landfill material without using purchased additives:
(1) separately collected flyash is blended with dewatered FGD sludge from a lime-
stone scrubbing system; and (2) air-oxidation modifications to a limestone scrubber,
which also collects the flyash, produce a high-sulfate sludge (gypsum) which is de-
watered and discarded without further treatment. Both processes are being develo-
ped: neither has been fully demonstrated. The sludge/flyash blending process had a
higher capital investment ($36.40/kW) than th'e other (as well as untreated ponding
and three of four chemical processes evaluated in an ealier study) primarily because
of high electrostatic precipitator and process equipment costs; however, the process
had lower annual revenue requirements (1.64 mills/kWh) than three of the four chem-
ical processes. The gypsum process had the lowest capital investment ($15.40/kW)
of all processes studied to date because of lower process equipment cost and higher
waste bulk density; its annual revenue requirements (1.18 mills/kWh) were lower
than all processes studied except untreated ponding. Capital investment costs are for
mid-1979; annual revenue requirements are for mid-1980.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Pollution
Flue Gases
Desulfurization
Economics
Scrubbers
Calcium Oxides
Waste Disposal
Sludge
Fly Ash
Gypsum
Earth Fills
Ponds
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Limestone Electrostatic Precioitators
13 B
21B
07A,07D
05C
131
07B
08G
13C
08H
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
209
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-10-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-071
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESS I Or* NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Mobile Bed Flux Force/Condensation Scrubbers
5. REPORT DATE
February 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. C. Yung, R. Chmielewski, and S. Calvert
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Pollution Technology, Inc.
[901 Morena Boulevard, Suite 402
San Diego, California 92117
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2124
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PER
Final; 11/75 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
s.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES J.ERL-RTP project officer is Dale L. Harmon, MD-61, 919/541-
2925.
. ABSTRACT
rep0rt gjves results of soi experimental determination of fine particle
collection in mobile bed scrubbers. Particle collection efficiency increased greatly
as the gas -phase pressure drop increased. With no water vapor condensation, the
performance capability of a mobile bed scrubber is less than that of a gas -atomized
spray scrubber with the same pressure drop. Compared to packed bed and sieve
plate scrubbers , the mobile bed scrubber has better efficiency when the pressure
drop is above 20 cm W.C. Limestone in the scrubber liquid has no effect on particle
collection. When the mobile bed scrubber was used as a flux force/condensation
(FF/C) scrubber, it had better performance characteristics than sieve plate and
spray scrubbers with condensation. However, its capability is inferior to a FF/C
system consisting of a condenser and venturi scrubber. Design equations reported in
the literature are inadequate to predict the collection efficiency and pressure drop
of the mobile bed scrubber. The study developed new correlations to predict particle
collection and pressure drop.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Scrubbers
Dust
Aerosols
Flux Density
Condensing
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Mobile Bed Scrubbing
Particulate
Flux Force/Condensa-
tion
13B
07A,13I
11G
07D
14B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
1. NO. OF PAGES
261
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-11-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-078
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Fugitive and Fine Particle Control Using
Electrostatically Charged Fog
5. REPORT DATE
March 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Stuart A. Hoenig
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona 85721
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant R805228
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 10/77 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES T£RL-RTP project officer is Dennis C. Drehmel, MD-61, 919/541
2925.
16. ABSTRACT
report givgS resuits of a study of fugitive and fine particle control
using electrostatically charged fog. Most industrial pollutants acquire an electro-
static charge as they are dispersed into the air. Exposing this charged airborne
material to an oppositely charged water fog enhances contact between the particles
and the fog droplets. After contact, the wetted particles agglomerate rapidly and
fall out of the atmosphere. This technique has been tested on a wide variety of indus-
trial pollutants ranging from silica flour to SO2 and fly ash. In general, there has
been significant suppression of pollution with a minimum of water fog: In addition,
electrostatic hoods and screens can be used to push or direct pollutants to the pro-
per area for collection. The system is therefore well suited to control of moving
fugitive dust sources where the usual duct and baghouse systems are ineffective or
too costly. The charged fog systems are now being tested in various industrial appli-
cations with generally good results. All work to date, including industrial applica-
tions that have been released by the companies involved, are discussed in the re-
port. The report covers work on: developing new charged fog systems for controlling
fugitive dust; demonstration testing of the systems in industrial locations; and de-
signing and constructing a high-temperature stack simulator for fog gun testing.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
Pollution
Dust
Aerosols
Fog
Electrostatics
Processing
Leakage
Cyclone Separators
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulate
Fugitive Emissions
13B
11G
07D
04B
20C
13H
14B
07A,13I
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
99
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-12-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-108
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Studies of Dust Cake Formation and Structure in
Fabric Filtration: Second Year
5. REPORT DATE
Anril 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Bernard Miller,George Lamb,Peter Cos-
anza, George Harriott,Janet Dunbar, and Michael
Mokricki
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Textile Research Institute
P.O. Box 625
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
E HE 62 4 A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant R804926
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT
12/77 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer is James H. Turner, MD-61, 919/541-
2925. Report EPA-600/7-78-095 covers the first year's work.
. ABSTRACT
repOrt describes experiments to improve fabric filter efficiency and
pressure drop by use of electric fields near the filter surface. Modified fiber geo-
metries and fabric construction are also investigated. Tests with patch filters
showed pressure drops reduced to about 13 mm H2O from about 36 mm H2O upon
the application of a 6 kV/cm electric field. Total fractional particle penetration was
reduced to about 0.001 from 0. 170 under the influence of the same field. The electric
field was more effective when applied to filters having loose fibers at the surface.
Deeply lobed fibers produced filters with higher efficiency, lower pressure drop,
and better cleanability than filters made from round fibers. The effects were attri-
buted to induced localized fields at the lobed surfaces. The fields were produced
from collection of naturally charged particles. Fabric structure that promotes par-
ticle collection near the upstream surface of the filter gave the best performance.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Pollution
Gas Filters
Fabrics
Dust
Caking
Electric Fields
Fibers
Shape
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Fabric Filters
Particulate
13B
13K
11E
11G
07A,13H
20C
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
45
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
"EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-13-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-112
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Extended Tests of Saffil Alumina Filter Media
5. REPORT DATE
May 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
M.A. Shackleton
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Acurex Corporation
485 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, California 94042
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2611, Task 20
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 2/78 - 2/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES T£RL-RTP project officer is Dennis C. Drehmel, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2925.
16. ABSTRACT The repor^ g|ves results of research aimed at developing filter media
performance data under simulated pressurized fluidized-bed combustion conditions
for one ceramic filter media candidate. A low-solidity fiber bed, using Saffil alu-
mina ceramic filters was selected. Dust feeding was tested at a nominal 800 C and
10 atm pressure, using reentrained fly ash which had been collected at the EPA/Ex-
xon Miniplant. Tests were performed at three filter media face velocities: 2.5, 4. 8,
and 9.0 cm/sec. Each test was 200 hours long. Pressure drop and collection effi-
ciency were determined as functions of time and filter face velocity. Off-line clean-
ing by reverse pulse was effective in maintaining low pressure drop (<1.25 kPa)
after a cleaning cycle. Collection efficiency was high C>99.9 percent) and was main-
tained over the 200 hour test. Collection efficiency was also substantially indepen-
dent of face velocity over the range tested. Outlet concentration was less than the
most stringent requirements proposed for turbine applications (generally <1 mg/cu
Nm). Outlet concentration showed a trend toward lower values at higher filtration
velocity. Mechanical durability was indicated in that none of the test filters appeared
to have been damaged by the 200-hour tests with cleaning at 10-minute intervals.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution Dust
Filtration Fly Ash
Combustion Gas Turbines
Fluidized Bed Processors
Aluminum Oxide
Ceramic Fibers
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Saffil Fibers
Particulate
13B
07D
21B
07A
07B
11G
13G
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
27
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-14-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-113
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Comparison of the Availability and Reliability of
Equipment in the Electric Utility Industry
5. REPORT DATE
May 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
J.C. Dicker man, R. T.Coleman, J.M. Burke, and
C.C.Thomas
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
P.O. Box 9948
Austin, Texas 78766
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2608, Task 48
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 7/78 - 3/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES TERL_RTP project officer is John E. Williams, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2483.
. ABSTRACT
report gives results of a study to compare the reliability /availability
of flue gas desiilfurization (FGD) systems with equipment commonly used in the elec-
tric utility industry. Because many parameters used in reporting performance data
for these systems have different definitions from one data reporting system to ano-
ther, a direct comparison could not be made. However, a comparison model was
developed — incorporating such factors as reliability, development status , and
repair effort— to produce a single statistic that could be used to directly compare
dissimilar pieces of equipment or systems . Study results indicate that a statisti-
cally meaningful comparison of the reliability /availability of utility FGD systems
cannot now be made, primarily because of the small amount of FGD system perfor-
mance data currently available. A meaningful comparison can be made only after
more FGD systems are installed and more complete performance records become
available.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/GPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
Pollution
Flue Gases
Desulfurization
Electric Utilities
Reliability
Availability
Mathematical
Models
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
13B
21B
07A,07D
14D
12A
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (8-73)
-15-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-79-016
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Controlling Particulate Emissions from Coal-fired
Boilers
5. REPORT DATE
June 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR1SI
Jon Emerson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Acurex Corporation
485 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, California 94042
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2611, Task 14
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Special; Through March 1979
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is Dennis C. Drehmel. Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2925.
16'ABSTRACT The report gives a semi-technical overview of the contribution of particu-
late matter to the overall U.S. air pollution problem. It also discusses contributions
of the Particulate Technology Branch of EPA's Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory at Research Triangle Park, N.C., aimed at solving the particulate pol-
lutant control problem. Singling out fine particulates as a pollutant of major signifi-
cance because of involved health hazards, the report discusses fundamental research
in physical and chemical mechanisms particle formation and collection, as well as
testing and demonstration projects that have been completed, are underway, or are
planned. Among conventional control system components discussed are baghouses,
wet scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Dust
Research
Formations
Collection
Scrubbers
Electrostatic Pre-
cipitators
Fabrics
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulates
Baghouses
13B
11G
14B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
16
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-16-
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