United States Environmental Sciences Research
Environmental Protection Laboratory
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
v>EPA Environmental
Sciences Research
Laboratory Report
Abstracts
(October 1978 -
March 1979)
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551557
**"
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
NORTH CAROLINA 27711
The Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory (ESRL) conducts an
extensive research program on the effects of air pollution on the atmos-
phere and the subsequent impact on air and water quality and land use.
Both laboratory and field investigations involving the sciences of
chemistry, physics, and meteorology are used to obtain necessary infor-
mation to quantitate the relationships between emissions of pollutants
from all types of sources and air quality and atmospheric effects. The
ESRL provides needed techniques and instrumentation for the measurement
a.nd characterization of pollutants in the ambient air and in the emissions
from all types of sources.
The ESRL Report Abstracts is published semiannually for those who
are interested in the activities of the Laboratory. Journal articles or
symposia proceedings are usually available from local libraries. EPA
Office of Research and Development reports are available (prepaid) from
the:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22151
(Telephone: 703/557-4650)
Cite the PB number, item 2 on the EPA Form 2220-1, when ordering
reports from the NTIS.
If you wish to continue receiving these semiannual reports, or
nominate additional recipients, please fill in the required information
below, as well as the return address block on the reyerse, and return
this sheet to us.
QfOtOLM
A. P. Altshuller
Director
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
( ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please send your semiannual Reports Abstracts to the addressees
listed below:
-------
(Please include ZIP Code)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 59
(Fold on dotted line and seal before mailing)
-------
ftCHNICAL REPO 'T DATA
, i'h asf read Insl/in lions on tin- ;ci • lfliiifl
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-007
PB-277.-394
4 TITLE ANOSUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF A SULFUR DIOXIDE MASS EMISSION RATE
MONITORING SYSTEM
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
5 REPORT DATE
January 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Roosevelt Rollins
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAMF AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712 BA-18 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 8/76 - 7/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An evaluatiqn was conducted to determine the capabilities and limitations of
a commercially available monitoring system that provides sulfur dioxide mass emission
rate data as a direct output. The monitoring system was operated continuously for
extended periods at a coal-fired power plant and a sulfuric acid production facility.
Additional testing was performed at a Simulated Stationary Source Facility to confirm
some deficiencies noted during field operations. The system's performance was
verified by comparing its output data with results using EPA emissions measurement
reference methods.
Results are presented for three performance tests at both field sites. For
the power plant tests, the monitor agreed within 20% of the accepted reference
method. In the case of the acid plant, the system accuracy was as poor at 58%.
Generally, the monitoring system performed reliably throughout the extended test
program. The system remained operational greater than 90% of the time during the
four-month test period.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI T icId/Croup
*Air pollution
*Sulfur dioxide
*Mass
*Emission
*Monitors
*Evaluation
13B
07B
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
IINr.l
21 NO. OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPOM
(Please read latfnictions on the re\ • • tc
DATA
before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-060
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
PB-280-048
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE DEVICE TO COLLECT
SULFURIC ACID AEROSOL
Second Interim Report
5. REPORT DATE
March 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
Herbert C. Miller, David W. Mason and William J. Barrett
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT N(
3778-XII
SORI-EAS-77-731
PERFORMING ORG tNIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AAS01 CA-20 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2468
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPOR T AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 9/76-9/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Previous Report: EPA-600/2-77-027, February 1977
16. ABSTRACT
Progress is reported on research to develop a quantitative, interference-free
method for collecting airborne sulfuric acid aerosol on a filter. Since previous
research found that severe losses of sulfuric acid were caused by ammonia, ambient
particulate material, and other interferents, a method was needed that converts
sulfuric acid to a stable derivative for subsequent analysis. Methods evaluated for
direct fixation of sulfuric acid aerosol were not found to be selective. Therefore,
a sampling method was investigated that uses a combination of selective volatilization
of the sulfuric acid, prefiltration of particulate interferents, and derivation of the
vaporized acid on an alkali-impregnated filter. The initial stages of this current
research on the volatilization-derivatization technique are described.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
* Air Pollution
* Sulfuric Acid
* Aerosol
* Collecting Methods
* Filters
* Tests
13B
07 B
07D
14B
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
63
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
-------
TECHNICAL Kf OUT HAT A
(Please read liutniftio'u mi I'll- f- ' ••<: before cumpli mix)
1. REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-178
PB-286-939
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AUTOMATIC INTERFACING SYSTEM FOR SAMPLING TOTAL
MERCURY IN STATIONARY SOURCE EMISSIONS
7 AUTHOR(S)
D. J. Sibbett and T. R. Quinn
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Geomet, Incorporated
2814-A Metropolitan Place
Pomona, California 91767
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
REPORT DAT F
August 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODfc
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712
BA-11(FY-76)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-1789
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/75 - 10/76
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
An interfacing system to sample total mercury emissions in source streams and
suitably condition, dilute, and transport the sample to a mercury measuring instrument
was designed, fabricated, and tested. The system consists of three components: a
conditioner, a diluter, and a pump module. The conditioner contains a furnace to
thermally decompose compounds at temperatures up to 1000°C and a liquid scrubbing
system to remove particulates and interfering gases, such as sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen dioxide. The diluter module is used at sources where mercury levels are
above the calibration range of the measuring instrument. The pump module draws the
sample through the system, exhausts the waste scrubber liquid, and maintains a con-
stant pressure in the analyzer-.
Field tests were conducted at a coal-fired power plant. Good correlation was
obtained between the interface/photomatic analyzer and a reference manual procedure.
Instrumental results ranged from 1.74 to 6.96 ug/m3, with mean value of 4.23 pg/m3;
reference method results varied from 1.60 to 7.25 yg/m3, with a mean value of 4.66
gg/m3
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Mercury (.metal)
* Metal vapors
* Hazardous materials
* Sampling
* Chemical analysis
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
1) IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
'!> SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
(1 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
IIMPI
c. COSATI I Icld/Group
13B
07B
11F
11G
14B
07D
21 NO OF PAGES
95
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is "i>co.-F r •
-------
TECHNICAL REP"' IT DATA
(I'lcaic read Inunctions on //•< r r*r before comfit tuifl
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
PB-286-941
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STATIONARY SOURCE PARTICULATE
POLLUTANTS BY MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Interim Report •
5 REPORT DATE
August 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
E. S. Etz, G. J. Rosasco, and K. F. J. Heinrich
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Gas and Particle Science Division
National Bureau of Standards
Washington, D. C. 20234
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BD-Q7 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
EPA-IAG-D6-F012
2 SPONSORING AGENCY»NAME AND ADDRESS
[nvironmental Sciences Rese'arch Laboratory - RTP, NC
Jffice of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N. C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 4/7fi-3/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6 ABSTRACT
Analytical capability to identify the principal molecular species present in microparti-
cles is demonstrated on the basis of Raman spectra of selected compounds and materials.
Among the inorganic species studied are sulfates, nitrates, carbonates and oxides, for
which Raman spectra are discussed for single, solid particles of size down to 1 micro-
meter. The method of micro-Raman analysis is applied to the molecular characterization
of individual microparticles from power plant emissions. Raman spectra have been ob-
tained from microparticles of oil-fired power plant emissions collected by the EPA with
cascade impaction samplers.
Vanadium pentoxide, V205, has been identified as a major component of microparticles
present in such samples. Th'e presence of certain other vanadium containing species such
as vanadyl, V02+, and ortho-vanadate, V043~, is not indicated from the results of these
neasurements. Other Raman spectra show evidence of crystalline sulfate, S042~, as a
species present in major proportions. However, the exact nature of the associated cat-
ion specie(s) has not been determined. Many of the spectra obtained from fly ash par-
;icles show Raman bands characteristic of polycrystalline graphite apparently due to
the presence of carbonaceous material associated with the particles.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI 1 JCld/Croup
* Air pollution
* Particles
* Chemical analysis
* Raman spectroscopy
* Vanadium oxides
* Sulfates
13B
07D
14B
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
46
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the ic\ cm before eomplftuigj
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-194
PB-288-512
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
X-RAY ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS
Final Report: Design and Construction of a
Prototype Asbestos Analyzer
5 REPORT DATE
August 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
L. S. Birks, J. V. Gilfrich, and J. W. Sandelin
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radiation Technology Division
Naval Research Laboratory
Washington, D. C. 20375
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712 BA-25 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA-IAG-D6-0651
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 10/76-6/78
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A prototype asbestos analyzer has been designed and constructed for use by the
Environmental Protection Agency. It incorporates the principle of broad-beam x-ray
optics and the special fiber-aligned sample described in earlier reports (EPA-650/2-
75-004 and EPA-600/2-77-062). The prototype instrument utilizes two detectors for
simultaneous measurement of diffracted signal and background; the mass of asbestos is
simply the net difference in intensity for these two detectors normalized by the
sensitivity of the analyzer as determined using standards.
The prototype analyzer is contained in a vacuum box 15x15x32 cm and mounts on
top of a standard commercial x-ray power supply. It uses a Cr target spectrographic
tube which is located in a separate lead-shielded enclosure in the box. The mechanics
of selecting the 20 diffracting angles for different forms of asbestos are unique and
especially designed to minimize the space required. The beam trap is a critical
component of the instrument; it reduces the backscattered noise signal to less than
100 photons/sec from an incident beam of about 10'' photons/sec.
Preliminary tests with the analyzer indicate a sensitivity of 18 photons per
second per yg of chrysotile and a calculated 3a detection limit of 0.1 pg for a 500
second measurements. Amosite has a somewhat better sensitivity and detection limit.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C COSATI 1 ICld/Group
* Air pollution
* Asbestos
* Analyzers
Design
* X-ray diffraction
Alignment
Quantitative analysis
Chrysotile
Amosite
13B
08G
HE
14B
20F
07D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
25
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Foim 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL HEPORT DATA
(1 It o\r rcatl Instructions on tin rc.ii«• before tumpl- IIIIK)
EPA
-600/2-78-197 ______ PB:291-132
4 TITLfc AND SUBTITLh
CALIBRATION STANDARDS FOR X-RAY SPECTROMETERS USED
FOR POLLUTION SAMPLE ANALYSIS
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5 REPORT DATE
September 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
R.A. Semmler and R.G. Draftz
3 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
I IT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
1AD712 BD-07(FY-76)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-1734
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERCD
Final 8/75 - 3/77
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A technique is described for making aerosol standards for x-ray fluorescence
analysis by depositing sized particles suspended in a carrier solution onto the
surface of a polycarbonate filter. Size is controlled by a separate sedimentation
step following grinding in a boron carbide mortar and pestle. Binding of the
deposition to the filter is accomplished by a collodion film layer applied both
before and after the particle deposition. The deposited mass is determined
gravimetrically from a companion filter prepared from a large volume aliquot of
carrier solution and without collodion. Standards for 18 different elements have
been prepared.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
Aerosols
*Calibrating
*Standards
Xray spectrometers
Xray fluorescence
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C COSATI I IcIJ/Group
13B
07D
14B
20F
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (FhHReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO. OF PAGES
51
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Fo.m 2220-1 (Rev 4-77)
t 01 T ION li OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the i, wrse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-78-212
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
INVESTIGATION OF PARTI CULATE
CONTACT ELECTRICITY
Final "Report
7 AUTHOR(S)
Walter John, Georg Reischl,
Jerome J. Weslowski
2
PB-289-565
MATTER MONITOR I
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
5 REPORT DATE
NT, IKING October 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
William Devor, and
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory
California Department of Health
2151 Berkeley Way
Berkeley, California 94704
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory -
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Previous Repo'rt: EPA-650/2-75-043, February
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BA-04 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R 803719-01-2
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP, NT. Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
1975
16 ABSTRACT
To better understand the contact electrification monitor for particulate matter, charge
transfer by aerosol particles impacting on metal surfaces has been investigated. Mono-
disperse, uniformly charged or neutral aerosol particles (1-5 pm diameter) from a
vibrating orifice or fluidized bed generator were bounced on a metal probe. The trans-
fer of precharge from the particles was found to be a sensitive indicator of the probe
surface condition. A surface preparation procedure was developed which yielded linear
charge transfer curves.
Measurements were made of methylene blue, potassium biphthalate, sodium chloride and
aluminum particles impacting on stainless steel, Inconel, titanium, and platinum
probes. For insulating materials, the transfer of precharge was independent of par-
ticle size while the contact charge was proportional to the cube of particle diameter
and directly proportional to impact velocity. The magnitude of the contact charge was
strongly dependent on the electrical resistivity of the material. A theoretical model
was found to account semi -quantitatively for all aspects of the data. A major remain-
ing difficulty is the lack of knowledge of the contact potential. The implications of
these findings for monitoring applications are discussed in detail and the advantages
and disadvantages of the monitor are assessed.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Particles
*Monitors
*Contact potentials
*Evaluation
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
, RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
UNCLASSIFIED
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page/
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI 1-icld/Group
13B
07D
21 NO OF PAGES
80
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read luslnictions on the ri i cisc
REPORT NO
EPA-60Q/3-78-100
PB-289-925
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED HALOCARBONS, HYDRO-
CARBONS, SFA, AND NO
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
5 REPORT DATE
Dprpmhpr 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Hanwant B. Singh, L.J. Salas, H. Shigeishi, and
E. Scribner
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
Menlo Park, California 94025
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AI-02 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
8038020-02
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF,NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 7/77 - 3/78
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Northern and Southern hemispheric distributions of halogenated species, hydro-
carbons, SF, and N?0 ase presented. The atmospheric growth rates of selected halo-
carbons and N?0 are characterized. The fluorocarbon 11 and 12 global burden and
hemispheric distribution is consistent with the view that no significant sinks in
the troposphere exist. The north-south gradients of fluorocarbon 11, 12, 113, 114,
CC1, , and SFfi suggest rapid global mixing with an interhemispheric exchange rate
of about one year. Within each hemisphere, these species are well mixed. N20 shows
the least variations around the globe. The global distribution of CH_CC1_ is found
to be complex and suggests higher HO levels in the southern hemisphere and around
the equator, when compared to the northern hemispheric HO levels. The global
distribution of CH.C1 is almost uniform and a significant natural source has been
identified in the ocean. It is also shown that largs anthropogenic primary or
sources of CH Cl and CC1 exist. Species such as CHC1_, CH2C12' C2HC13'
and C.C1. show very larg*e north-soQth gradients. The atmospheric growth of Eluoro-
secondary sources of CH^Cl and CC1
and C Cl show very la
carbons il, 12, CH CC1
these constituents;
3'
and CC1, appear to be consistent with the emissions of
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Halohydrocarbons
* Chemical analysis
Troposphere
13B
07C
07D
04A
IS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report i
ITMrT.ASSTFTF.n
21 NO. OF PAGES
81
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
r
(I'1! J\
DATA
l">n\ on ill: Hi ''< hi lui, i •»•;; .', i
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-79-004
ziz:
PB-290-658
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES OFR MEASURING BIOGCMIC
AIRBORNE SULFUR COMPOUNDS
Cedar Island Field Study 1977
i rLCII'ir NTS AJC--S..SON NO
5 RCPGR' DAT I-.-
6 PE~RFOHMil\:G OHGAN!2MTIO.M CO fit
"1
-i
7 AUTHOR(S)
W.A. McClenny, R.W. Shaw, R.E. Baumgardner, R. Paur
and A. Coleman
8 I'ERi'ORMING ORGANISATION HLI'OHT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712 BB-12. 16. & 17(FY-78
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
13 TYPE OF RCPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
Sulfur in both gaseous and particulate form has been measured near biogenic
sources using new measurement techniques. The preconcentration of gaseous sulfur on
gold-coated glass beads followed by desorption into a flame photometric detection for
sulfur is shown to have a detection limit of 0.1-0.2 ng of sulfur and to allow for
speciation of H2S, CH3SH and (CH )2S at low parts per trillion levels. Ambient
levels of NO- and 0 were found to alter the molecular form of^sulfur on the beads
unless scruboed from the sampled air. A collection technique using tandem filters is
extended from earlier efforts on fine and coarse aerosol to include collection of S09
and H2S on chemically coated filters; these filters are analyzed by X-ray
fluorescence for sulfur content. Measurements of gases evolved from biogenic sources
reveal E^S and (CH^^S as primary components with significant diurnal variations.
Recommendations for further instrument development are given.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution *F.v.iluntion
*Sulfur inorganic compounds
•:Sulfur organic compounds
^Biological productivity
ACoasts
Measurement
*Chemical Analysis
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN LNDtD TERMS
Cednr Island, NC
COSATI I iclil;(>ruu|>
13R
07 H
07C
08A
08 F
07D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATLMCNT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS 11 ln\ Krporl)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGfcS
138
2O SECURITY CLASS i / Ins pm'i.
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2210-1 (Rev 4-77)
IS Oi'SOLt- ft.
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'lcasc read Instructions on lite reverse before completing/
BEPOHT NO
EPA-600/2-79-005
PB-290-909
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EXAMINATION OF AUTOMATIC DATA REDUCTION METHODS FOR
PARTICLE FIELD HOLOGRAMS
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5 REPORT DATE
January 1979
S-JPERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
J.D. Trolinger
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Soectron Development Laboratories, Inc.
3303 Harbor Boulevard
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD717 BF-A8
771
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2491
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 0/" n "°
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Holographic recording techniques provide one of the most powerful particle
field diagnostic tools in existence. A hologram can provide a frozen
three-dimensional image of a particle field through which detailed microscopic
examination of individual particles is possibe. Frequently, a particle field may
contain many thousands of particles, and it becomes impractical for the human
operator to glean all the data of interest from such a hologram. For holography to
reach its full potential in particle diagnostics, a three-dimensional image analyzer
is required.
The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using existing
electro-optic image analyzers to automatically analyze three-dimensional image
fields and to determine what modifications of existing equipment would be required
to construct such a system.
Sample holograms as well as holograms produced in an actual field holo-camera
were used to make the evaluations experimentally, and well-refined analytical
descriptions of holographic images were used to add to the understanding of system
requirements. The study established that existing image Analyzers are capable within
useful practical limits of locating particle images in three-dimensions and
measuring size and shape factors of the particle. A plan for integrating such
equipment to produce a fully automated data reduction system is presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI I icIcl/Group
*Air pollution
*Particles
Examination
*Data reduction
*Analyzers
*Holography
13B
14B
09B
14E
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (1 his Keport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
59
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS COITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'lease read Inuruciions on llic reverse fie fun t01
1. HEPUHT NO
EPA-600/2-79-017
PB-292-093
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR CHARACTERIZING UNREGULATED
POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM MOTOR VEHICLES
j RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DAI E
February 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Harry Dietzman, Lawrence Smith, Mary Parness,
and Robert Fanick
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southwest Research Institute
8500 Culebra Road
San Antonio, Texas 78284
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA601 CA-11 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2497
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences and Research Laboratory - RTP, N(
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 3/77 - 10/78
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/ 600/09
IS SUPPLEMEN FAHY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
Analytical procedures are described that may be used to assess motor
vehicle emission rates of several unregulated pollutants including
aldehydes, organic amines, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, several individual
hydrocarbons including benzene, hydrogen sulfide, total cyanide, organic
sulfides, nickel carbonyl, ammonia, sulfate, and N-nitrosodimethylamine
(sampling conditions only). A series of validation experiments involving
motor vehicle exhaust with injects of known quantities of the compounds
of interest and the Constant Volume Sampling system commonly used in
emissions certification are described for several of the analytical
procedures. The Clean Air Act as amended August 1977 requires in section
202(a) 4 that unregulated pollutants emitted from motor vehicles be
measured to assure that no unreasonable risk to public health and
welfare exists.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
Motor vehicles
Exhaust emissions
Chemical analysis
Reviews
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C COSATI 1 Icld/Group
13B
13F
21B
07D
05B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Ilia Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO Of PAGES
495
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page/
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1
,. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EOlTiOM ,S O13SOL1 Tt
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Insane nuns on l/ii! t'.irrsc bctori coinpli tingl
REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-79-
P_22 f_PB-
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MULTIWAVELENGTH TRANSMISSOMETER FOR MEASURING MASS
CONCENTRATION OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
5 RtPOHT DATC
February 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
Eli Reisman
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
0 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation
Aeronutronic Division
Newport Beach, California 92663
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA010 (1AD712)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2206
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Dffice of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Fi na] 7/75 - 5/78
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A multiwavelength transmissometer potentially capable of making near-real-time
measurements of particulate mass concentration in industrial stacks was developed.
A computer program is employed to interpret the transmissometer data and translate
the results into mass concentration. The transmissometer utilizes four different
wavelengths and records the opacity of the particulate emissions at each wavelength.
Since the response at each wavelength depends on the size of the particles, the rela-
tive values of opacity provide the computer with information on particle sizes. If
the computer is also given the wavelength dependence of the optical indices of refrac-
tion and guidelines as to the most probable distribution forms, the computer can
adjust the mean and spread of the distribution to find a best fit to the experimental
data. It then uses this information to compute the mass concentration. The theory
behind the measurement technique, a laboratory demonstration of the technique, and
the optical and electrical design of the instrument are discussed.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
Flue dust
Particles
Weight (mass)
Transmissometers
Computers
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C COSATI I Icld/Croup
13B
21B
14B
09B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)
UNCLASSTFTFD
21 NO OF PAGES
63
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOL-CTE
-------
RCPORT NO ~~~ IT"
EPA-600/2-79-023 _J
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pica* ri-aii Instruction* on tin- r crtc he/ore completing!
PB-292-331
«S TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CONTINUOUS READING LIDAR TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING PLUME
OPACITY
7 AUTHOR(S)
Dilip G. Saraf
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
RECIPIINT'S ACCESSION NO
5 REPORT DATE
Feb.ru ajry_19_7?_
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
_1AD605_ BA-63 (FY-76)
11 CONTRACT /GRANT"RJO
68-02-1291
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Dffice of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/74 - 9/76
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EFA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
The development of a laser radar (lidar) instrument for remote measurement of the opa-
city of smoke-stack plumes is described. The work was conducted within a number of con-
straints. The constraints required the lidar instrument to be field-portable, eye safe,
relatively low in cost, and simple to operate. Two lidar measurement methods were
studied for the instrument: continuous wave (CW) lidar and high pulse rate lidar.
A research model CW lidar was constructed and evaluated. The evaluation showed that the
CW lidar could remotely measure the opacities of screen targets or smoke generator
plumes at night to within 3% opacity at a distance of approximately 80 meters. Environ-
mental light interference prevented operation of the lidar during daytime.
3roof-of-principle experiments were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a
ligh pulse rate lidar for plume opacity measurements. The evaluation showed that the
lidar1s laser did not have enough power to make measurements under field conditions.
However, the lidar was capable of measuring the opacity of the screen targets at close
range (40m) and by placing a small artificial scattering target in the atmosphere
behind them. With this artificial signal enhancement, results showed that the high
Dulse rate lidar could remotely measure the opacities of the screen targets to within
2% opacity during daytime or nighttime operation.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Held/Group
* Air pollution
* Plumes
* Opacity
* Measuring instruments
* Optical radar
Development
13B
21B
14B
17H
Evaluation
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE 10 PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report}
IINr.l ASSTFTFD
21 NO. OF PAGES
54
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
usi read l'i\lnicluiiH on tilt ri irwr hi fore
RETORT NO
EPA-600/2-79-041
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
PB-292-380
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EXHAUST PARTICLES
FROM GAS TURBINE ENGINES
5 REPORT DATE
February 1979
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
D.J. Robertson, J.H. Elwood and R.H. Groth
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
United Technologies Corporation
Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Group
Commercial Products Division
East Hartford, Connecticut 06108
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BC-42 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
Contract No. 68-02-2458
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 11/76 -
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A program was conducted to chemically characterize particulate emissions from a
current technology, high population, gas turbine engine. Attention was focused
on polynuclear aromatic compounds, phenols, nitrosamines and total organics. Poly-
nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined by HPLC, GC/MS and NMR techniques.
Phenols and nitrosamines were isolated and then measured by gas chromatographic
methods utilizing flame ionization detection and nitrogen detection. Total
organics were determined by a backflush chromatographic procedure. The particulate
matter was collected using a high capacity pumping system incorporating 293 mm
diameter Teflon filters through which was passed up to 43 m of exhaust gas.
Extraction of the organic matter was performed in a Soxhlet extractor using hexane.
The engine was operated at idle, approach, climb and take-off power settings with
low sulfur (0.007%S) and high sulfur (0.25%S) fuels. Most of the PAH were small
3-to-4 fused ring species. No nitrosamines were found and except in a few cases,
at low levels, no phenols. PAH and total organic levels decreased with increasing
power setting and were more concentrated in the exhaust from the low sulfur fuel.
Less than 1% of the organic matter emitted from the engine was adsorbed on the
particulate matter.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
* Nitroso compounc
* Phenols
* Air pollution
* Gas turbine engines
* Exhaust emissions
* Particles
* Chemical composition
* Chemical analysis
* Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
i. COSATl I iclJ/(Jroup
13B
2 IE
21B
07D
07C
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Keport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
178
20 SECURITY CLASS (I'lii
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220.1 (Re. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDC TION I S OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read /HZlntctions on the rci crsc before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-79-042
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTING AND ANALYZING ORGANIC
AIR POLLUTANTS
5 REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
ruary 1979
AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Corazon Hastings Vogt
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Trace Substances Research Center
Columbia, Missouri 65201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA001 (FY-75)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
801050
2 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
A number of support-bonded liquid phase sorption media were developed and
evaluated in model systems for collecting and analyzing organic air pollutants.
Polymers with various functional groups were synthesized and chemically bonded onto
inert supports in thick layers. A media consisting of a silicone liquid bonded to
Chromosorb W was used with excellent results. Retention times of most organic
compounds on this liquid are extremely long at ambient temperatures, and sampling can
be carried out for 24 hours at a rate of 10 liters of air per minute. In contrast,
subsequent counter current liquid extraction takes only a few minutes since retention
volumes are very small. Extracts were analyzed largely by gas chromatography.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENOEDTERMS
* Air pollution
* Organic compounds
* Collecting methods
* Sorption
* Chemical analysis
* Gas chromatography
COSATI I icId/Group
13B
07C
14B
07D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
M.
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REP' 'IT DATA
if rcaJ InHiucnons on ilic i in before cuiii/'lcti>ig}
1 REPORT NO
EPA 600/3-78-031
PB-280-050
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
4 TITLE AMDSUBTITLE
ORGANIC CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROSOLS AND VAPOR
PHASE COMPOUNDS IN URBAN ATMOSPHERES
5 REPORT DATE
March 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
G.D. Mendenhall, P.W. Jones, P.E. Strup and
W.L. Margard
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Battel]e Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712 BD-21 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-1409
12 SPONSORING AGENCY N/lMfc AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Organic pollutants in urban atmospheres were characterized by analyzing
particulate and/or vapor-phase samples collected by EPA in St. Louis, Missouri;
Miami, Florida; Denver, Colorado; Houston, Texas; and at the General Motors Test
Track in Milford, Michigan. The particulate samples were extracted with solvents
and the extractable materials analyzed by elemental combustion analysis and
infrared spectroscopic analysis. To evaluate more than one solvent extraction
technique, the particulate samples were aliquoted and analyzed by several extraction
procedures. Some of the problems encountered with these procedures are discussed.
Vapor-phase samples were collected on Chromosorb 102 chromatographic traps and
analyzed using qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Individual
species tentatively identified are shown on reconstructed gas chromatograms and
individual mass spectra for all chromatographic peaks are included in the appendix.
Ames Tests for mutagenicity on model aerosol products were also conducted.
Products tested were from toluene/NO , 1-heptene/NO , and a-pinene/NO systems.
None of the aerosol products from these systems showed mutagenic properties.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI l-'icld/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Vapors
*0rganic compounds
*Chemical analysis
13B
07D
07C
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO. OF PAGES
81
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-039
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
VISIBILITY IN THE SOUTHWEST
An Exploration of the Historical Data Base
TECHNICAL REFCRT DATA
i lln> i 'iv hi/i>i i
3 RECIPIENT S ACCESSION-NO
PB-282-942
5 REPORT DATE
April 1973
G PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CC IE
7 AUTHORIS1
J. Trijonis and Kung Yuan
PERFORMING ORGANIZAT>ON Rf'ORTNO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Technology Service Corporation
2811 Wilshire Boulevard
Santa Monica, California 90403
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AG-17 (FY-,77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
803896
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD « fiVEREO
Tnt-Prim 3/77 - ll/"7
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
This research was supported under EPA grant 803896 to Washington Univeristy,
R.B. Husar, Principal Investigator.
16 ABSTRACT
The historical data base pertinent to visibility in the Southwest is analyzed.
The data base includes over 25 years of airport visibility observations and moie
than 10 years of NASN particulate measurements. The investigation covers exis'.ing
levels of visibility, long-term trends in visibility, and visibility/pollutant
relationships.
Although still quite good, visibility in the Southwest has deteriorated o-er
the past two decades. The haze levels in the Southwest appear to be mostly th.-
result of secondary aerosols, especially sulfates. These conclusions are veri'ii?.d
by decreases in sulfates and increases in visibility during the 1967-196S
industry-wide copper strike.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI field'Oroup
* Air pollution
* Aerosols
* Sulfates
* Visibility
Southwest
13B
07D
07B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS fTluv Ripart}
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGr?
118
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REI ORT DATA
(Please read fnsiruciions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-043
PB-280-559
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DYNAMICS OF AUTOMOTIVE SULFATE EMISSIONS
5 REPORT DATE
April 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
S.H. Suck, K. de Bower and J.R. Brock
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Texas
Austin, Texas 78712
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AE-09 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant R803660
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 11/76 - 11/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A preliminary assessment of the potential environmental impact of automotive
sulfuric acid (or sulfate) aerosol has been made by analyzing the aerosol dynamics.
This analysis leads to the prediction of ambient automotive sulfuric acid aerosol
concentrations over and around a large, ten-lane highway (48 m. x 20 km.), some ten
or so y°*rs hence, when almost all cars in the United States will be fitted with
catalytic converters. The attachment rate of fine automotive sulfuric acid
aerosols to ambient aerosols is examined. The dispersion and deposition of auto-
motive sulfate are modelled over the highway for "worst case" meteorology using
K-theory. The neutralizing effect of ambient ammonia on sulfuric acid concentra-
tions around the highway is examined by a direct simulation procedure for dispersion
calculations. These calculations indicate that adverse environmental effects of
automotive sulfuric acid emissions may be important under the stated conditions
of this study.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI I icld/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfuric acid
*Sulfates
*Automobiles
*Exhaust emissions
Catalytic converters
*Mathematica] models
Highways
Atmospheric diffusion
13B
07D
07B
13F
21B
07A
04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
56
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REP,
i. me icutl /tjurtit. nuns on tin-1
REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-045
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
FIT DATA
r»r he/on- iaiiii>lriiiifj
PB-281-014
OXYGEN ISOTOPES IN ATMOSPHERIC SULFATES, SULFUR
DIOXIDE, AND WATER VAPORS
Field Measurements, July 1975
5 REPORT DATE
April 1978
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CC'~E
AUTHOR(S)
B. Holt, M. Bouchard, P. Cunningham, A Kengelkemeir,
E. Nielsen, S. Johnson, and R. Kumar
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION HE1 ORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 South Cass Avenue
Argonne, Illinois 60439
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AH-01 (FY77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
IAG-D6-F024
'. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD C:
Final 5/76 - 5/77
'VERED
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
e, ABSTI
Oxygen isotope ratios were determined for atmospheric samples of sulfate
aerosols, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor collected simultaneously during a si> -day
period in July, 1975, at St. Louis, MO; Auburn, IL; and Glasgow, IL. The coll' :-
tion sites were located about 100 km apart.
Concerted variations in isotopic and concentration results were found for the
three sites, demonstrating an apparent regional imp/ict on the quality and qunn1 Lty
of particulate suifate in the atmosphere. At all three sites, the oxygen-18
enrichments in suspended sulfates clearly varied inversely with sulfate concen
tration. This variation suggests that sulfates in cleaner air may have a different
origin than sulfates in more polluted air masses. Samples collected during a
period of local thunderstorm activity showed an abrupt increase in the oxygen-!3
composition of particulate sulfate, but little effect on the isotopic composit •'-)n
of ambient water vapor.
The lack of positive correlation between oxygen-18 variations in aerosol
sulfate and oxygen-18 variations in water vapor suggests that the aerosol sulf.i^e
was not formed predominantly from the ambient water in the air masses from whi^h it
uac samlpd.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
'••Air pollution
*Sulfur dioxide
ASulfates
*Water vapur
"Oxygen isotopes
Chemic.il analysis
l» IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
St. Louis, MO
Auburn, IL
Glasgow, IL
c COSATI I icld ''rou|i
13B
07B
07D
18B
3 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PACT
31
3O SECURITY CLASS (tlits fia,<;ej
.UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL F' PORT DATA
(I'lca^c rriitl liiiliuctit'ii* on I ;< i<;?< /ifjnit-1 tniiftli linv)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-78-048b
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
PB-279-409
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
HOUSTON URBAN PLUME STUDY - 1974
Description and Data
5 REPORT DATE
April 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
James R. Brock
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
The University of Texas
Department of Chemical Engineering
Austin, Texas 78712
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA008
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
R803660
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
FPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT—
The 1974 Houston Urban Plume Study (HUPS) was undertaken as a preliminary
investigation of some of the unresolved features of Houston's air pollution pro-
blem. HUPS was intended specifically to gain limited information on the spatial
and temporal distribution of air pollutants—particularly, primary and secondary
aerosols—in the Houston area as an aid should a later intensive investigation of
aerosol character and transport be needed.
Aerial measurements were made of the principal pollutants (S0_, NO , 0_, CO,
aerosol) of the Houston area. Wind-field measurements were also made. xThese
data were used to estimate pollutant budgets. Values for S0? and NO (14 metric
tons/hr and 40 metric tons/hr, respectively) were reasonably comparable with values
derived from emissions inventories of the Texas Air Control Board (13 and 24
metric tons/hr, respectively). On the basis of the limited sampling period, the
industrial area (east of downtown Houston) apparently is the major contributor
of primary air pollutants in the Houston area. In the morning hours above the
mixed layer, relatively large ozone concentrations (max. 0.2 ppm)—almost
certainly of photochemical—origin were found that correlated closely with light
scattering aerosol, thus indicating the existence above the mixed layer of strong
secondary aerosol sources
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfur dioxide
^Nitrogen oxides
*0zone
Plumes
*Measurement
*Wind (meteorology)
Airplanes
*Light scattering
Houston, TX
13B
07D
07B
23B
QIC
20F
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMEIM1
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19
21 NO OF Pf 3ES
260
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 mW/3-78-075
PB-286-921
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
VISI-BILITY IN THE NORTHEAST
Long-Term Visibility Trends and Visibility/Pollutant
Relationships .
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5 REPORT DATE
August 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
J. Trijonis and Kung Yuan
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Technology Service Corporation
2811 Wilshire Boulevard
Santa Monica, California 90403
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AG-17 fFY-771
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
803896
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim JO/77 - 4/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY" NOTES
This research was supported under EPA grant 803896 to Washington University,
R.B. Husar, Principal Investigator.
16. ABSTRACT
The historical data basu p.'itin'i I ubscrv.-itions and
more than 10 years of NASN particular ".tu^urtmoTils. The investigation covers
existing visibility levels, long-term trends in visibility, and visibility/pollutant
relationships.
Visibility in the Northeast is rather poor, median visual range being on the ordei
of 10 miles. Visibility is not now substantially better in nonurban areas than in
metropolitan areas of the Northeast. From the middle '1950's to the early 1970's,
visibility exhibited only slight trends in large metropolitan areas but decreased on
i lu' order*of 10 to 40% at suburban and nonurban locations. Over the same period,
\"'..uil range declined remarkably during the third calendar quarter relative to other
siMsuns, making the summer now the worst season for visibility. The decrease in
visibility during the summer was especially notable at suburban and nonurban locations,
where atmospheric extinction apparently increased on the order of 50 to 150% during
the third calendar quarter.
Regression models based on daily variations in visibility and pollutant concentra
tions indicate that sulfate aerosol is the single major contributor to haze in the
Northeast. Sulfates apparently account for approximately 50% of total extinction.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
*Aii* pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfates
*Visibility
*Trends
*Haze
*Mathematical models
Northeast
13B
07D
07B
12A
04 B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE. TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Thu Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21
NO OF PAGES
94
20 SECURITY CLASS (ThU page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
I
TECHNICAL REPCHT DATA
(Please read fuuriictioiis on the rc\ • rsc before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-79-001a
PB-290-507
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG WITH KINETIC
MECHANISMS Volume 1. Interim Report
5 REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
G.Z. Whitten, H. Hogo, M.J. Meldgin, J.P. Killus,
and P. J. Bekowies
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
EF78-121A
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Systems Applications, Incorporated
950 Northgate Drive
San Rafael, California 94903
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AC-19 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
Contract No. 68-02-2428
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection'Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 7/76-7/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume'2. Appendix EPA-600/3-79-001b
16. ABSTRACT
Computer modeling of smog chamber data is discussed in three parts. First,
a series of detailed chemical mechanisms were developed to describe the photo-
chemical formation of ozone from nitrogen oxides and the following organic
compounds (alone and in various combinations): formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
ethylene, propylene, butane, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethylbutane.
Second, a generalized kinetic scheme intended for use in models simulating
the formation of ozone in urban atmospheres was refined. The generalized
mechanism includes a condensed version of the detailed mechanisms developed
in the first part plus a semi-empirical scheme to describe the oxidation of
aromatic hydrocarbons. Third, the effects of smog chambers on ozone formation
were examined. For this part of the study, similar experiments using nitrogen
oxides and propylene in eight different smog chambers were simulated using
the detailed propylene mechanism. The main chamber effects identified thus
far are apparently due to nitrogen oxides degassing from the walls during
experiments and differences between chambers in the spectral distribution
of ultraviolet irradiation.
• Volume 1 contains all textual material. Volume 2 contains graphs of measured and
Simulated POllUtant. mnrpntratinns fnr many cmng rhamher a
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
Reaction kinetics
Photochemical reactions
Test chambers
Mathematical models
Computerized simulation
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Croup
13B
07D
07E
14B
12A
09B
8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
332
(Tins page)
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the re> i rse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-79-001b
PB-290-508
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG WITH KINETIC
MECHANISMS Volume 2. Interim Report Appendix
5. REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
, AUTHOR(S)
G. Z. Whitten, H. Hogo, M.J. Meldgin, J.P. Killus,
and P.J. Bekowies
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
EF78-121B
IG ORGAFi
ATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Systems Applications, Incorporated
950 Northgate Drive
San Rafael, California 94903
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
-k.
lAAfin.3 Af.-TQ /FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2428
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection-Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TVPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 7/76-7/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume"1. Interim Report EPA-600/3-79-001a
Computer modeling of smog chamber data is discu-ssed in three parts. First,
a series of detailed chemical mechanisms were developed to describe the photo-
chemical formation of ozone from nitrogen oxides and the following organic
compounds (alone and in various combinations): formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
ethylene, propylene, butane, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethylbutane.
Second,' a generalized kinetic scheme intended for use in models simulating
the formation of ozone in urban atmospheres was refined. The generalized
mechanism includes a condensed version of the detailed mechanisms developed
in the first part plus a semi-empirical scheme to describe the oxidation of
aromatic hydrocarbons. Third, the effects of smog chambers on ozone formation
were examined. For this part of the study, similar experiments using nitrogen
oxides and propylene in eight different smog chambers were simulated using
the detailed propylene mechanism. The main chamber effects identified thus
far are apparently due to nitrogen oxides degassing from the walls during
experiments and differences between chambers in the spectral distribution
of ultraviolet irradiation.
Volume 1 contains all textual material. Volume 2 contains graphs of measured anc
simulated pollutant concentrations for many smog chamber experiments.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
Reaction kinetics
Photochemical reactions
Test chambers
Mathematical models
Computerized simulation
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B .
07D
07E
14B
12A
09B
. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
414
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL RETORT DATA
(I'li'iHc read laajiicnons on Ilic rci ci w bcjoic conij'lctiiif)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/3-79-006
PB-290-859
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTOOXIDATION AND
CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF SO,,
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
5 REPORT DATE
January 1979
7 AUTHORIS)
R.J. Anderson, R.J. Pilie, E.J. Mack, W.C. Kocmond
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
NA-5781-M-1
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Calspan Corporation
Advances Technology Center
4455 Cenesee Street
Buffalo, NY 14225
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AC-13 FY77
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-1785
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
The photooxidation of S02 in irradiated auto exhaust + S02 systems, the
catalytic oxidatioii of S02 in the solution droplets of hazes, clouds and fogs
containing several concentrations of heavy metals (Hn+2 and Fe+3), and the
oxidation of S02 in irradiated hazes and fogs containing only trace quantities of
heavy metals were studied in a 590 m indoor smog chamber. For the irradiated
auto exhaust + S02 systems, S02 oxidation rates as high as 5% hr~l were observed.
Primary particulates from auto exhaust produced no discernible effect on S02
oxidation. Catalytic oxidation of S02 in fogs and hazes was significant under
certain conditions, with as much as 6% of the available S02 being oxidized in a
30-minute period. No synergistic effect on the rate of S02 oxidation was observed
from the simultaneous presence of irradiation and a fog or haze.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
AAir pollution
*Sulfur dioxide
*Aerosols
^Photochemical reactions
*C.iL;i lysis
*Sulfates
*Test chambers
L) IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS ATI I lclil/Croii|i
~]~3B
07B
07D
07F.
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (rins Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
88
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspascj
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
•EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL FT 'ORT DATA
/'/., i. '.W Ilium lii'in in; ;' •• i. ;\,- '« f.vi-
i r NO
EPA-600/4-78-020
PB-279-706
J TITLE AND SUBTITLE"
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Fugitive Dust Survey and Inventory
AUTHOR(S) ~
Robert W. Griscorn, Edward 0. Nelson, and
Fred E. Littmann
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International Air Monitoring Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
3 RECH'ILN r ••, ACCESSlOr»NO
5 RFPOR1 DATE
APRIL 1978
G PbHI OhMINL, uRr;j\NI7A1 ION COUh
8 PEKI ORMINU ORGANIZATION RfPORl NO
10 PROGRAM CLEMENT NO~
_LAA6_0_3_
tl CONTRACT
rONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2093
Task Order 124
13 T.YPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
75 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
I- E R?9lonal A}r Pollution Study, ten monitoring stations were
high volume samplers and automatic dichotomous samplers to measure
concentrations of atmospheric aerosols. In addition, two of the S? LoSis City
monitoring sites were used for special aerosol studies. Because of the strong
1 tlnfluence °f nearby 9™^-^! fug1tlve dust soSrcJ on ierosol Sasure-
S J"™*5 Were ?de within a radius of one mile of each site to asses
thp f 11 CeS' and a" emlssions ^ventory of these sources was calculated
caved strJt ™??ATCe "te9orles: clea^d areas, construction, playgrounds
raioad "ght-of-way and yards, and agricultural tilling and wind
*9™ ^ "Ch Slte ™ ^^ "
KT.Y WOHOS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Aerosols
* Particles
* Measurement
* Field tests
3 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
I' IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
St. Louis, MO
10 SECURITY CLASS (Ilm Ri,initJ
__UNCLASSI£I£H.
20 SECURITY CLASS (llu\pavf)
UNCLASSIFIED
«. COSATI I
13B
07D
14B
21 NO OF p/ QES
218
22 PRICE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-78-041
2.
PB-287-101
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
STRUCTURE AND TURBULENT DIFFUSION
AROUND A THREE-DIMENSIONAL HILL
Fluid Modeling Study on Effects of Stratification
Part I. Flow Structure
5 REPORT DATE
1978
July
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
_-—-—• ~
7 AUTHOR(S)
J.C.R. Hunt1, W.H. Snyder2, R.E. Lawson, Jr.
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
Fluid Modeling Report No. 4
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AB-20 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
—RTP, NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house 4/1/77 - 3/31/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
1. University of Cambridge, England. 2. On assignment from National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Dept. of Commerce. 3. Northrop Services, Inc.
16 ABSTRACT
This research program was initiated with the overall objective of gaining understand-
ing of the flow and diffusion of pollutants in complex terrain under both neutral and
stably stratified conditions. This report covers the first phase of the project; it de-
scribes the flow structure observed over a bell shaped hill (polynomial in cross sectior
through neutral wind tunnel studies and stably stratified towing tank studies. It
verifies and establishes the limits of applicability of Drazin's theory for flow over
three-dimensional hills under conditions of small Froude number. At larger Froude
number a theory is developed, and largely verified, to classify the types of lee wave
patterns and separated flow regions and to predict the conditions under which they will
be formed. Flow visualization techniques are used extensively in obtaining both
qualitative and quantitative information on the flow structure around the hill. Repre-
sentative photographs of dye tracers, potassium permanganate, dye streaks, shadowgraphs,
surface dye smears, and hydrogen bubble patterns are included. While emphasis centered
on obtaining basic understanding of flow around complex terrain, the results are of
immediate applicability by air pollution control agencies. In particular, the location
of the surface impingement point from an upwind pollutant source can be identified under
a wide range of atmospheric conditions. Part II, to be printed as a separate report,
will describe the concentration field over the hill resulting from plumes released from
upwind stacks and will further quantify the results obtained in Part I.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI Held/Group
Air pollution
Wind(meteorology)
Wind tunnel models
Hills
Atmospheric diffusion
Stratification
Flow distribution
13B
04B
14B
08F
04A
20D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
96
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thupage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(PUase read Instructions en the n?i srse before temple tingl
REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-78-042
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
PB-290-921
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Point Source Methodology and Emission Inventory
5 REPORT DATE
July 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
F.E. Littman
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rocf(well International
Air Monitoring Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-07 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2093
Task Order 108A
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The development of the point source emission data inventory for the Regional
Air Pollution Study at St. Louis is discussed. To meet the unusual requirements
of this study, which specified the acquisition of hourly, measured emission data
for the St. Louis Air Quality Control Region for a period of two years, a unique
methodology was developed and put into practice. The result is a data base con-
taining over 20 million pieces of information in a readily accessible form.
17
KEY WORDS £NO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Emission
*Environmental surveys
*Sources
(• IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
St. Louis, MO
COSATI I Idd/Gmup
13B
050
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
IINHASSIFIED
21. NO OF PAGES
160
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is otisc i.r T E
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(flease read Inunctions on the rc\ cnc before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-78-044
PB-289-451
J RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A PILOT STUDY ON DISPERSION NEAR ROADWAYS
5 REPORT DATE
August 197P
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
William B. Petersen
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AA603 AB26 (FY-78)
(same as block 12)
17. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-House
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
High frequency wind fluctuation data were used to estimate the dispersion
near roadways. The standard deviations of the wind direction and the elevation
angle were computed for six averaging times. The EPA HIWAY model was modified
to use these fluctuation statistics directly to estimate dispersion. The data
from the General Motors Sulfate Dispersion Experiment were used in this study.
In particular, the data used in this pilot study were three half-hour periods when
the winds were nearly parallel with the test track. Results from analysis show
that model performance was improved for parallel wind conditions when the fluctuation
statistics of the wind were used to estimate dispersion. The results also show
that model estimates are most sensitive to the vertical dispersion parameter. Indeed,
concentrations seem to be insensitive to the horizontal dispersion parameter.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Wind (meteorology)
*Atmospheric diffusion
*Roads
*Mathematical models
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI I'lcld/Group
13B
04B
04A
13B
12A
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 *'O OF PAGFS
31
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-78-049
2.
PB-289-806
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SELECT RESEARCH GROUP IN AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY
Third Progress Report
5 REPORT DATE
August 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORISI
R. Anthes, A. Blackadar, R. Kabel, J. Lumley,
H. Tennekes and D. Thompson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Dept. of Meteorology and Center for Air Environment
Studies.
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-02 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-800297
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and -Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 10/74 - 10/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Six individual investigators, who have conducted different but related meteor-
ological research, present in-depth technical reviews of their work. Prime con-
clusions are that (1) a scale analysis shows that different models are necessary
for meteorological processes on urban, regional and global scales; (2) for high
resolution models of the nocturnal planetary boundary layer, K theory models are
very efficient, realistic and useful; (3) the mixing height has a significant
effect on climatology models; (4) second moment closure methods are useful for
convective situations, properly testing counter gradient fluxes; (5) natural
sources and pollutants acting at the surface of the earth are important for air
quality simulation models; and (6) a combination of conventional micrometeorological
and acoustic sounder techniques are sufficient for verifying locally applied inver-
sion use, box, and regional scale modles, and urban and regional models require a
variety of in situ and remote observation.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Ficld/GlOUp
* Air pollution
* .Meteorology
* Mathematical models
* Boundary layer
13B
04B
04A
12A
20D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. N
2°32°F
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL nEFPr1, r DATA
(PLasc read lastnu. dims on ilic rcn'ist bi-
U BfPAR-off6V4-78-050
2.
PB-287-473
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION"NO.
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
TURBULENCE MODELING APPLIED TO BUOYANT PLUH'-S
5 REPORT DATE
August 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
M.L. Teske, W.S. Lewellen, and H.S. Segur
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Aeronautical Research Associates of Princeton, Inc.
50 Washington Road
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601 CA-31 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2285
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim6/76 - 6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARYWOTES
16. ABSTRACT '• ]
A viable computer model was developed that is based on second-order closure
of the turbulent correlation equations for predicting the fate of nonchemically
reacting contaminants released in the atmcr.nheric boundary layer. The invariant
turbulence model discussed in previous repotts has been extended to compute the
development of buoyant plumes. Nu.rrrical program capability has been extended by
improving the speed and accuracy of the two-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow
calculation. Plume calculations ore. nade for buoyant plumes rising into a stable
quiescent atmosphere and stable, neutral, and unstable moving atmospheres. An
examination of the application of an integral .ipproach to our turbulent boundary
layer model is also included.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENl ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Meteorology
*Turbulence
*Turbulent'flow
'"'Atmospheric diffusion
*Mathematical Models
b IDENIIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
04B
?OD
OAA
12A
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage!
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the rcicrse before completing)
. REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-79-001
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Lambert Field Graphical Weather Summary
5. REPORT DATE
January 1979
6«ttRFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
Robert B. Jurgens and William Ted Smith**
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT MO.
PERFORMING ORG -\NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-49 (FY-78)
(Same as 12)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Tn-hnii«;p
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
6. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
** Potomac Research, Inc.
Research Triangle Park.
27711
16. ABSTRACT
Three-hour meteorological observations from Lambert Field, St. Louis,
Missouri are presented in graphical format for the three-year period
July 1974 to June 1977.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI I Icld/Group
Air Pollution
Meteorological data
Graphic Methods
St.
Mo.
13B
04B
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Thu Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
43
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the re\ i.rsc before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-79-002
PB-292-489
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ANALYSIS OF ENSEMBLE AVERAGED CONCENTRATIONS AND
FLUXES IN A TRACER PUFF
5 REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Main R. Hutcheson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORG '\NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
School of Meteorology
University of Oklahoma
Norman, Oklahoma 73019
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
IAA603 AB-13 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant 804507
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Ensemble averaged fluxes and concentrations in a tracer puff diffusing in the
atmospheric surface layer were analyzed. The analysis used radiation data published
by the Battelle Memorial Institute. Fluxes that satisfy the diffusion equation for
a Gaussian puff with an arbitrary diffusion rate were obtained from the gradient
transfer hypothesis, using the proper diffusivities. These fluxes were used as
estimates of the ensemble averaged fluxes in the surface layer.
The radiation data, however, were too sparse to use alone in analyzing the
tracer concentrations. Therefore, the data were combined with a modified Gaussian
distribution in a variational technique to obtain concentration values. Since the
ensemble averaged concentration distribution was more nearly normal than the distri-
bution in an individual puff, the concentration estimates were obtained from a model
using a Gaussian distribution in the horizontal, which constrained the estimates as
close to the analyzed concentrations as possible.
The concentration and flux estimates were combined with the diffusion equation
in a variational technique. The analyzed fluxes and concentrations obtained were
close to the estimates and satisfied the diffusion equation. The values are assumed
to be the true ensemble averaged concentrations and fluxes for the puffs examined.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Croup
Air pollution
Mathematical data
*Atmospheric diffusion
*Flux density
Applications of mathematics
13B
04B
04A
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY
i« Report)
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
21. NO OF PAGES
111
20 SECURITY CLASS (This pagef
IINfl ASSTFTFD
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2?ZD-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA -
fPlcatc rcatl /uUfiiclioiis on llie r> \ i-isc before toiii/>lctnix)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/4-79-003
PB-290-660
4 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
High Volume Filter Measurements of Suspended Particulate
Matter
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
5 REPORT DATE
January.. 19.79
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
E. Nelson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International
Environmental Monitoring & Services Center
11640. Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
10. PROGRAM ELEMEN1
1AA603
NO
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2093
Task Order 101
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Enviornmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT .
Ten of the 25 stations making up the Regional Air Monitoring System were equipped
with dichotomous samplers and high volume filter samplers for aerosol measurements.
The high volume samplers collected samples every third day for 24-hour periods (0000-
2400).. Sample filters were returned to a chemical laboratory where weights of total
suspended particulate (TSP) were determined, and wet chemical analyses performed for
sulfates and nitrates. A total of 2358 samples were obtained between March 1975 and
March 1977. The report describes both the operation of the sampling network, in-
cluding equipment maintenance, and analysis and quality control procedures and results.
Analyses were made to determine seasonal and spatial variations of the three para-
meters measured. The station geometric mean concentrations of TSP varied from 33.0 to3
90.9 yg m"3, sulfate ranged from 7.0 to 12.7 yg m"J, ajki nitrate from 2.3 to 3.8 pg m
Sulfate showed the greatest seasonal variation, peaking in the summer months, and
nitrate the least, with no consistent patterns discernable.
An Appendix lists all individual sampling results obtained.
stored in the RAPS Data Bank in Research Triangle Park, N.C.
These data are
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*ATr pollution
*Aerosols
*Weight(mass)
*Sulfates
*Inorganic nitrates
*Seasonal variations
*Spati»l distribution
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED
COS ATI I leld/t.roup
13B
07D
07B
04B
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
112
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Foitn 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'lcasc rratl ImU-i/i Hum on the rci aw before completing)
REPORT NO
EPA-600/7-78-041
PB-280-198
4 TITLE AND SUBT.TLE POLLUTANT MEASUREMENTS IN PLUMES FROM
POWER PLANTS AND CITIES
Summer 1975, February 1976, and February 1977
A Project MISTT Report
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5 REPORT DATE
March 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
J. A. Ogren, D. L. Blumenthal, J. A. Anderson
and W. H. White
MRI 77 FR-1511
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Meteorology Research, Inc.
464 West Woodbury Road
Altadena, California 91001
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE625 EA-07 (FY-77)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2245
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/18/75-10/18/77
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRAQT
Airborne measurements of aerosols and polluted gases in urban and oower plant
plumes were conducted during the summer of 1975, February 1976, and February 1977
in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri; Moss Landing, California; and Clearwater,
Florida, respectively. The principal objective was to characterize the physical
and chemical behavior of these plumes under a variety of meteorological conditions,
with emphasis on sulfur transport and transformation. Results illustrate the
regional nature of air pollution. The transport of well-defined urban plumes
over 150 km downwind of a city was documented during day and night conditions.
Power plant plumes were sampled over 100 km downwind of the source at night and
during the day over the ocean; strong dilution mechanisms limited the sampling
of power plant plumes to 40 km during the day over land. Measurements indicated
that, when the plume was not well mixed to the ground, the mass flux of sulfur in
the plume did not change with distance. In urban plumes, a significant reduction
in sulfur was found; only about one-third of the emissions were transported beyond
100 km downwind of the city.
New techniques used in this study included an airborne impactors system for
aerosol collection and atmospheric electrical measurements for plume tracting.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Aerosols
* Sulfates
* Sulfur dioxide
* Sulfuric acid
Electric power plants
* Plumes
Conversion
Measurement
Airplanes
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Project MISTT
c COSATl I icld/droup
13B
07D
07B
10B
21B
13 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
2O SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPC'-!T DATA
(I'll asc rrail InHiiit iiinia on tin- n i *<• hcjorc cnni/ili
1. REPORT NO
EPA-600/7-78-053
L PB-279-999
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE PHOTOLYTIC, RADIOMETRIC,AND
METEROLOGICAL FIELD DATA
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
3 RECIPIbNT'S ACCESSION NO.
5 REPORT DATE
March 1978
7 AUTHOR(S)
J.E. Sickles, II, L.A. Ripperton, W.C. Eaton, and
R.S. Wright
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
INE625 EA-03 (FY-77)
27709
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
Contract No. 68-02-2258
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT ~~~~~ ~~
Photolysis of nitrogen dioxide is a major reaction resulting in the formation
of ozone in the troposphere. The rate constant, k^, for the photodissociation of
N02 is, under ambient conditions, a function of latitude, solar zenith angle, and
cloud cover,- therefore, k^ is highly variable.
Nitrogen dioxide photolysis data for calculating k^, and radiometric and
selected meteorological data, all under a variety of meteorological conditions,
were collected during the spring and fall, 1975. Data from this study can be used
to aid the modeling of tropospheric photochemical air quality and smog chamber
results.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOPUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Nitrogen dioxide
•Photolysis
*Reaction kinetics
*Radiometry
*Meteorological data
Field tests
I) IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C COSATI I icId/Group
13B
07B
07E
07D
14B
04B
9 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
192
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/8-78-014a
PB:286-248
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE ANOSUBTITLE
USER'S MANUAL FOR KINETICS MODEL AND OZONE
ISOPLETH PLOTTING PACKAGE
5 REPORT DATE
July 1978
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Gary Z. Whitten and H. Hogo
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Systems Applications, Incorporated
950 Northgate Drive
San Rafael, California 94903
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA6Q3 (AC-ISI FY 77
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2428
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 .SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES . .,,,,. . ,^ . i j T^ • • • ncc- c
Prepared in cooperation with the Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
16. ABSTRACT
The Kinetics Model and Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package (OZIPP) is a
computerized model that simulates ozone formation in urban atmospheres.
OZIPP calculates maximum one-hour average ozone concentrations given a
set of input assumptions about initial precursor concentrations, light
intensity, dilution, diurnal and spatial emission patterns, transported
pollutant concentrations, and reactivity of the precursor mix. The re-
sults of multiple simulations are used to produce an ozone isopleth
diagram tailored to particular cities. Such a diagram relates maximum
ozone concentrations to concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons and
oxides of nitrogen, and can be used in the Empirical Kinetic Modeling
Approach (EKMA) to calculate emission reductions necessary to achieve
air quality standards for photochemical oxidants. This user's manual
describes the technical basis, necessary and optional input data, com-
puter code and the use of OZIPP.
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI Held/Group
* Air pollution
* Ozone
* Hydrocarbons
* Nitrogen oxides
Meteorology
Atmospheric circulation
* Mathematical models
*Chemical kinetics
* Nomographs
^Programming Manuals
13B
07B
07C
04 B
12A
07D
20K
20A
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
251
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the n verse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-600/8-78-014b
PB-287-768
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
KINETICS MODEL AND OZONE ISOPLETH PLOTTING PACKAGE
COMPUTER PROGRAM
5 REPORT DATE
July 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Gary Z. Whitten and H. Hogo
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Systems Applications, Incorporated
950 Northgate Drive
San Rafael, California 94903
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 (AC-18) FY 77
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2428
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Magnetic Tape
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Prepared in cooperation with the Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
16. ABSTRACT
The Kinetics Model and Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package (OZIPP) is a computer
program (on magnetic tape) that simulates ozone formation in urban atmospheres.
OZIPP calculates maximum one-hour average ozone concentrations given a set of
input assumptions about initial precursor concentrations, light intensity, dilution,
diurnal and spatial emission patterns, transported pollutant concentrations, and
reactivity of the precursor mix. The results of multiple simulations are used to
produce an ozone isopleth diagram tailored to particular cities. Such a diagram
relates maximum ozone concentrations to concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons
and oxides of nitrogen, and can be used in the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach
(EKMA) to calculate emission reductions necessary to achieve air quality standards
for photochemical oxidants.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C. COSATI I Idd/Group
Computer programs
09B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
• TECHNICAL 'JEPORT DATA
(Hcasf read Instructions on ihc rt verse hcjorc completing)
1 REPORT NO
EPA-6QQ/9-78-Q2Qa
PB-287-436
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS ON PRIMARY SULFATE EMISSIONS FROM
COMBUSTION SOURCES
Volume 1. Measurement Technology
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5 REPORT DATE
August 197&
4
R?
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORISE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Kappa Systems, Inc.
1501 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, Virginia
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
1AD712 BC-52 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2435
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
Technical papers on techniques for measuring primary sulfate emissions from combustion
sources, presented at a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
are compiled in Volume 1 of a proceedings.
The objectives of the workshop were to review and discuss current measurement methods
and problem areas for sulfur oxides emission with attention focused on sulfuric acid,
sulfates, and sulfur-bearing particulate matter; to review and discuss emission data
from various combustion sources operating under different conditions which include
various pollutant controls, fuel composition, excess boiler oxygen, etc.; and to
delineate and recommend areas in need of research and development effort.
Scientists were invited to present the result of their studies on primary sulfate
emissions. The 3-day workshop devoted one day to measurement technology, a second to
characterization, and a third to critical assessment of the presented papers and
development of summary working group reports on each half-day session of the initial
2 days. Thirty-one papers were presented by 29 participants on measurements and
characterization.
last day.
Four working group reports were developed and summarized in the
17
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c COSATI I ic)d/Croup
* Air pollution
* Sulfates
* Emission
* Combustion products
* Measurement
* Collecting Methods
13B
07B
21B
14B
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19 SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report}
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
289
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
20 SECURITY CLASS /Tins page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS E.DI TION is OBSOLET E
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-057
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO
JOURNAL ARTICLE
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OZONE TRANSPORT IN THE ST. LOUIS AREA
5 REPORT DATE
erPERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
Thomas R. Karl
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT-NO.
. 1AA603 AD-08 (1977)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianole Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: . Atmospheric Environment, 12(6-7):1421-1431, 1978
16. ABSTRACT
Measurements from the Regional Air Pollution Study in St. Louis, and from
synoptic rawinsonde stations in North America were used with annual point and
area source emission data in St. Louis to establish some consequences of local
and large-scale ozone transport.
In rural areas outside of St. Louis,ozone concentrations exceeded the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard of 80 ppb (160 yg/m ) and could not be attributed
to the emissions of pollutants within the metropolitan area of St. Louis. Typically,
these high ozone concentrations occurred when the air flowing into St. Louis
had been associated with an anticyclone during the 3 days prior to its arrival.
Trajectories indicated that during these 3-day periods the air had remained
within the eastern half of the United States where there are numerous high-intensity
urban-industrial centers. On other days during the study analyses of the local
air flow confirmed that the urban-industrial areas within the immediate vicinity
of St. Louis were responsible for high ozone concentratipn in the city as well
as in the rural areas. An analysis of the formation and'movement of an "ozone
cloud" through the network of stations revealed the consequences of local ozone
generation and transport.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*0zone
*Transport properties
St. Louis, MO
13B
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
• TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on i v reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-78-020b
2.
PB-287-437
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS ON PRIMARY SULFATE EMISSIONS FROM
COMBUSTION SOURCES
Volume 2. Characterization
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5 REPORT DATE
August 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
Kappa Systems, Inc.
1501 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, Virginia
1AD712 BC-52 (FY-78)
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2435
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental .Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABST
VCT
Technical papers on the characterization of primary sulfate emissions from combustion
sources, presented at a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
are compiled in Volume 2 of a proceedings.
The objectives of the workshop were to review and discuss current measurement methods
and problem areas for sulfur oxides emission with attention focused on sulfuric acid,
sulfates, and sulfur-bearing particulate matter; to review and discuss emission data
from various combustion sources operating under different conditions which include
various pollutant controls, fuel composition, excess boiler oxygen, etc.; and to
delineate and recommend areas in need of research and development effort.
Scientists were invited to present the result of their studies on primary sulfate
emissions. The 3-day workshop devoted one day to measurement technology, a second to
characterization, and a third to critical assessment of the presented papers and
development of summary working group reports on each half-day session of the initial
2 days. Thirty-one papers were presented by 29 participants on measurements and
characterization. Four working group reports were developed and summarized in the
last day.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Held/Group
* Air pollution
* Sulfates
* Emission
** Combustion products
* Chemical analysis
* Physical properties
13B
07B
21B
07D
18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21 NO OF PAGES
287
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tinspage)
22 PRICE
UNCLASSTFTFn
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-058
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
DAY OF THE WEEK VARIATIONS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL POLLUTANTS
IN THE ST. LOUIS AREA
6«ft£RFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Thomas R. Karl
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AD-05 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
•Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCEr Atmospheric Environment, 12(8):1657-1678, 1978
16. ABSTRACT
As part of the Environmental Protection Agency's Regional A1r Pollution Study (RAPS)*
a network of 25 stations continuously recorded aerometrlc data 1n the Greater St. Louii
area. Various photochemical pollutants (Ov NO, N0« and total hydrocarbons) and
some selected meteorological variables (wind speed/temperature, and solar radiation")
were analyzed with respect to the day of the week using 11 months of data collected
during the warm months of the year—periods during which Mgh ozone concentrations
were common in St. Louis. The results reveal that the sign (!) of the workday to
Sunday differences in the concentration of ozone depends to a large extent on the
distance of the measurement from the major emission area of the metropolitan area of.
St. Louis. The data suggest that this 1s due to the Impact of nitric oxide on the •
ambient ozone concentrations. This appears to offer at least a partial explanation'
for some of the contrasting results reported by various Investigators regarding the-
differences 1n ozone concentrations between weekends and weekdays.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group*
* Air pollution
* Ozone
* Nitrogen oxide
* Nitrogen dioxide
* Hydrocarbons
Meteorological data
* Day
* Variations
St. Louis^MO
13B
07B
07C
04B
04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Tins page)
JRITY CLASS (Tins p
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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