oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
MAY 80
Research and Development
Report
Abstracts
Industrial
Environmental
Research Laboratory
RTP
-------
I UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
/ INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
NORTH CAROLINA 27711
May 1980
The attached abstracts (EPA Forms 2220-1) represent reports
that have been issued through EPA's Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory during the past month. They are sent to you
because of the indication that you are interested in our multimedia
activities relating to the control of environmental pollution.
If any of these abstracts interest you (and you desire the full
reports). they should be available prepaid in about 6 weeks from
the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22151 (phone 703/321-8543).
If you desire either to discontinue receiving these monthly
abstracts, or to nominate additional recipients, please fill in the
required information below, as well as the return address block
on the reverse hereof, and return the sheet to us.
Sincerely yours,
mnAC. Bur chard
Director
Encl: (16)
{ ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please start sending your monthly abstracts to the addressees
indicated below (complete addresses, please):
-1-
-------
(Please include ZIP code)
PLACE
STAMP
HERE
To: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 64
(Fold OB dotted lines and seal before nulling)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-055
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Closed-cycle Textile Dyeing: Full-scale
Hyperfiltration Demonstration (Design)
5. REPORT DATE
March 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Craig A. Brandon (Carre, Inc.)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
LaFrance Industries
LaFrance, South Carolina 29656
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB610
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant No. S805182
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Phase: 9/77-4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES J.ERL-RTP project officer is Max Samfield, Mail Drop 62, 919/
541-2547. EPA-600/2-76-060 is a related report.
is. ABSTRACT
report des cribes the first (design) phase of a full-scale demonstration
of hyperfiltration for closed-cycle operations of a LaFrance Industries dye house.
(The remaining three phases are installation, operation, and maintenance.) The
decision to demonstrate the process was based on earlier projects that showed hyper
filtration to be potentially economical for recycle /reuse of energy, water, and chem-
icals in textile preparation, dyeing, and wet finishing. On-site pilot tests of three
hyperfiltration modules led to the selection of the Mott-Brandon ZOPA module.
Representative wash waters from LaFrance dyeing operations were characterized as
a basis for demonstration equipment design. The dye range is to be converted to
counterflow with a water flow rate of 50 gpm at 82 C , with 96% of the wash water
recovered as permeate for direct recycle. Reuse and/or disposal of the concentrate
and dye pad residuals will require further study. Payback period, without credit for
chemicals recovery, is estimated to be 5.2 years.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Pollution
Textile Finishing
Dyeing
Filtration
Regeneration
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Closed Cycle Systems
Hyperfiltration
13B
13H
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. Of PAGES
100
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-178f
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Technology Assessment Report for Industrial Boiler
Applications: NOx Combustion Modification
5. REPORT DATE
December 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
/. «w I nwrn^j
K.J.Lim, R.J.Milligan, H.I.Lips, C.Castaldini,
R.S. Merrill, and H. B. Mason
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Acurex Corporation
485 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, California 94042
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
TNE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-3101, Task B
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final: 6/78-6/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
project officer is Robert E. Hall, Mail Drop 65, 919/
16. ABSTRACT
gjves results of an assessment of current and developing
combustion modification NOx control technology for coal-, oil-, and natural-gas-
fired industrial boilers. Control effectiveness and applicability, reliability and
availability , process impacts , capital and operating costs , energy impacts , and
environmental impacts are evaluated. Currently available techniques are capable of
moderate (10-25%) NOx reductions for coal- and residual- oil-fired boilers and major
(40-70%) reductions for distillate -oil- and gas-fired units with minimal adverse
operating impacts. Combustion modifications are estimated to increase the cost of
steam by only 1-2%, but could increase the initial capital cost of a boiler by 1-20%.
Analysis of measured or postulated incremental emissions, other than NOx, indi-
cates that these emissions are generally unaffected when preferred NOx controls are
implemented, although further testing is warranted.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
Air Pollution
Assessments
Combustion Control
Nitrogen Oxides
Boilers
Capitalized Costs
Operating Costs
Fossil Fuels
Dust
Aerosols
Trace Elements
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulate
Combustion Modification
Industrial Boilers
Emission Factors
13B
14B
21B
07B
13A
14A,05A
21D
11G
07D
06A
B. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
497
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-199C
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION'NO.
«. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Survey of Flue Gas Desulfurization
Systems: Cane Run Station, Louisville Gas and Elec-
tric Co.
6. REPORT DATE
August 1979
S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Bernard A. Las eke, Jr.
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
PN 3470-1-C
}. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
PEDCo Environmental, Inc.
[1499 Chester Road
incinnati, Ohio 45246
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2603, Task 24
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 7/78 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jjiRL-RTP project officer is Norman Kaplan, Mail Drop 61, 919/
541-2556.
16. ABSTRACT
report gives results ofa survey of operational Hue gas aesullurization
(FGD) systems on coal-fired utility boilers in the U.S. The FGD systems installed on
Units 4,5, and 6 at the Cane Run Station are described in terms of design and perfor-
mance. The Cane Run No. 4 FGD system is a two-module (packed tower) carbide
lime scrubber, retrofitted on a 178 MW (net) coal-fired boiler. The system, supplied
3y American Air Filter , commenced initial operation in August 1976. The Cane Run
No. 5 FGD system is a two-module (spray tower) carbide lime scrubber, retrofitted
on a 183 MW (net) coal-fired boiler. The system , supplied by Combustion Engineer-
ing, commenced initial operation in December 1977. The Cane Run Unit 6 FGD system
is a two-module (tray tower) dual alkali (sodium carbonate/lime) scrubber, retrofit-
ted on a 278 MW (net) coal-fired boiler. The system, supplied by A.D. Little/Com-
bustion Equipment Associates , commenced initial operation in December 1978.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Flue Gases
Desulfurization
Fly Ash
Limestone
Slurries
Ponds
Scrubbers
Coal
Combustion
Cost Engineering
Sulfur Dioxide
Dust Control
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Wet Limestone
Particulate
13B
21B
07A,07D
11G
08H
21D
14A
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
192
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (8-73)
-5-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-248
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Treatairility and Assessment of Coal Conversion
Wastewaters: Phase I
5. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
P.C.Singer, J.C.Lamb m, F.K. Pfaender, and
R. Goodman
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill
Department of Environmental Sciences and
Engineering
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE623A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant No. R804917
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PE
Final; 9/78 - 9/79
PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer is N. Dean Smith, Mail Drop 61, 919/
541-2708.
16. ABSTRACT
repOrt gives Phase I results of (1) an assessment of the environmental
impact of wastewaters originating from the production of synthetic fuels from coal,
and (2) an evaluation of alternative technologies for treating these wastewaters .
Work on coagulation, adsorption, and preliminary biological treatment studies is
continuing. Future reports, representing successive phases, will update these
results. The major focus is on aerobic biological treatment which is projected to be
the principal means of removing organic impurities from these wastewaters and a
cornerstone of any overall wastewater treatment program. A synthetic wastewater,
designed to simulate a real conversion process wastewater, was fed to a series of
aerobic biological reactors. Design and operation of the reactors is described,
along with performance data spanning two 6-month operating periods. In addition to
TOC, BOD, and COD data, the treated wastewaters were analyzed for phenolic con-
tent and residual organics, using chromatographic techniques. Aquatic bioassays
and mammalian cytotoxicity tests were performed on the raw and treated wastewa-
ters to evaluate their potential environmental impact.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Coal
Coal Gasification
Waste Water
Assessments
Water Treatment
Aerobic Processes
Organic Compounds
Bioassay
Toxicity
Cytology
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Coal Conversion
Synthetic Fuels
13B
08G,21D
131
14B
06C
07C
06A
06T
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
192
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-6-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-014
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Development Study of a Novel Continuous-flow
Impactor
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
E.F.Brooks,'N.Gat, M.E.Taylor, T.E. Chamberlain,
R. J. Golik, and R. Watson
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
TRW Systems and Energy
One Space Park
Redondo Beach, California 90278
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO.
68-02-2165, Task 12
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 7/76 - 11/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES T£RL-RTP project officer is D. Bruce Harris, Mail Drop 62,
919/541-2557.
is. ABSTRACT rj-,ne report gives results of a development study involving feasibility veri-
fication of a novel particle impactor in which the impaction surface is the interface
between two opposing jets. Particles (which would impact a solid surface in a stan-
dard impactor) cross the interface betweeii the aerosol-laden gas and a previously
particle-free gas, are entrained in the latter, and are conveyed out for analysis.
Work consisted of an initial literature search and analysis to determine the likeli-
hood of success, followed by design, fabrication, and testing of a laboratory unit.
A good particle separation capability was demonstrated. Upon completion of the
laboratory tests, a design effort showed the feasibility of a staged in situ particle
monitoring subsystem to give semicontinuous (nominal 1 minute cycle time) output of
particle size distribution, among other applications.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Dust
Aerosols
Impactors
Monitors
Particle Size Distribution
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulate
Particle Impactors
13B
11G
07D
131
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
123
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (S-73)
-7-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing]
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-017b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Advanced Combustion Systems for
Stationary Gas Turbine Engines: Volume 2. Bench
Scale Evaluation
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.M.Pierce, S.A.Mosier, C.E.Smith, and
B.S.Hinton
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION RSPORT NO.
FR-11405
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group
United Technologies Corporation
P.O. Box 2691
West Palm Beach, Florida 33402
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE829
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2136
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 9/76 - 1/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is W.S.
541-2432.
Lanier, Mail Drop 65, 919/
16.ABSTRACTThe j-gpoj.^ describe an exploratory development program to identify, eval-
uate, and demonstrate dry techniques for significantly reducing NOx emissions from
stationary gas turbine combustors. (Volume 1 documents the research activities lea-
ding to selection of 26 combustor design concepts which could potentially meet the
program goals.) Volume 2 documents the Phase n bench-scale evaluation of those
concepts to experimentally evaluate their emission reduction potential. Results from
the testing program identified two design approaches capable of significant emission
reduction. A staged centertube design, relying on burner operation near the lean
blowout limit, gave low NOx and CO emissions on clean No. 2 fuel oil, but was inef-
fective for fuels containing bound nitrogen. A rich-burn/quick-quench (RB/QQ) de-
sign, producing a fuel-rich primary zone and quickly quenching the effluent from
that region to the high overall excess air conditions required by the gas turbine cy-
cle, successfully controls NOx from both thermal and fuel-bound sources while main
taining low CO emissions for high thermal efficiency. The RB/QQ concept was selec-
ted for scaleup to full size hardware in Phases HI and IV.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution Combustion Cham-
Gas Turbine Engines bers
Stationary Engines Flammability
Nitrogen Oxides
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Combustion
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Unburned Hydrocarbons
Combustor Design
Staged Combustion
Dry Controls
>T Nltrntrpn
13B
21E
21K
07B
07C
2m
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
350
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-8-
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-017C
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4 T1TLEANDSUBTITLE Advanced Combustion Systems for
Stationary Gas Turbine Engines: Volume 3.
Combustor Verification Testing
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.M. Pierce, C.E. Smith, andB.S. Hinton
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
FR-11405
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group
United Technologies Corporation
P.O. Box 2691
West Palm Beach, Florida 33402
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE829
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2136
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 1/78 - 4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is W.S.
2432.
Lanier, Mail Drop 65, 919/541-
16. ABSTRACT
describe an exploratory development program to identify, eval-
uate, and demonstrate dry techniques for significantly reducing NOx from stationary
gas turbine engines. (Volume 1 describes Phase I research activities to compile a
series of combustor design concepts which could potentially meet the program goals,
and Volume 2 describes the Phase n bench-scale evaluation of those techniques: the
rich-burn/quick-quench (RB/QQ) concept was found to be effective in limiting pollu-
tant emissions when burning either clean fuels or fuels containing significant amounts
of chemically bound nitrogen. ) Volume 3 describes the scaleup of the RB/QQ model
to a full-scale (25 MW) gas turbine combustor, and documents test results from the
full-scale evaluations. Test results were very positive, showing that the RB/QQ
concept can reduce NOx to approximately 45 ppm (at zero % O2) for clean distillate
oil and to approximately 75 ppm for a distillate oil doped to 0. 5% nitrogen, as pyri-
dine. CO emissions below the 100 ppm program goal were also demonstrated. These
tests also indicate that the new combustor concept may be capable of low emission
performance on petroleum residual oil and synthetic liquid fuels such as SRC II or
shale oil. Results from testing on those fuels is included in Volume 4, an addendum.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
Pollution Atomizing
Gas Turbine Engines Shale Oil
Stationary Engines
Nitrogen Oxides
Carbon Monoxide
Combustion
Combustion Chambers
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Combustor Design
Staged Combustion
Dry Controls
Fuel Preparation
Fuel-bound Nitrogen
13B
2 IE
21K
07B
2 IB
13H
21D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
152
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-9-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
{Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-017d
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Advanced Combustion Systems for
Stationary Gas Turbine Engines: Volume 4.
Combustor Verification Testing (Addendum)
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.M. Pierce, C.E. Smith, andB.S. Hinton
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
FR-11405
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group
United Technologies Corporation
P.O. Box 2691
West Palm Beach, Florida 33402
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE829
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02 -2136
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND. PERIOD COVERED
Final: 7/79 - 10/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE -
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer is W.S. Lanier, Mail Drop 65, 919/541-
2432.
is. ABSTRACTTlie j-gpQj^g describe an exploratory development program to identify, eval-
uate, and demonstrate dry techniques for significantly reducing NOx from stationary
gas turbine engines. (Volume 1 describes Phase I research activities to compile a
series of combustor design concepts which could potentially meet the program's low
emission goals. Volume 2 covers the Phase n bench-scale testing program which
experimentally singled out the rich-burn/quick-quench (RB/QQ) combustor concept
as being capable of low NOx and CO operation on both clean fuels and fuels containing
significant amounts of bound nitrogen. Volume 3 covers the Phase in and IV scaleup
and full-scale testing of the RB/QQ concept, documenting the fact that all emission
goals could be met with the RB/QQ combustor.) Volume 4 describes an additional
series of tests to evaluate the performance of the combustor on heavy fuels such as
petroleum or shale residual oil and solvent refined coal (SRC). Results from the
tests show that all exhaust emission goals were met while burning three test fuels:
a middle-cut distillate SRC, a residual shale oil, and an Indonesian/Malaysian
residual oil. It was also demonstrated that the exhaust emission goals were met
when operating a RB/QQ combustor at a high turbine inlet temperature (1426 C
design) firing No. 2 fuel oil.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
Pollution
Gas Turbine Engines
Stationary Engines
Nitrogen Oxides
Combustion
Combustion Chambers
Residual Oils
Shale Oil
Coal
Liquefaction
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Combustor Design
Staged Combustion
Dry Controls
Fuel-bound Nitrogen
13B
21E
21K
07B
21B
21D
07D
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
116
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-10-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-02 6
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Assessment of Corrosion Products from Once-through
Cooling Systems with Mechanical Antifouling Devices
. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Charles M. Spooner
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GCA/Technology Division
Burlington Road
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE827
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2607, Task 28
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 1-4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is Theodore G. Brna, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2683.
16. ABSTRACT The report gives results of an assessment of corrosion products from
steam-electric power plant once-through cooling systems equipped with mechanical
antifouling devices. (About 67% of the currently operating plants in the U.S. use
once-through cooling systems. Various cleaning mechanisms, used to minimize the
reduction of the thermal efficiency of heat exchange in the condenser tubes—caused
by corrosion and biofouling—include chemical and off- and on-line mechanical
methods.) On-line mechanical cleaning may lead to increased levels of metals in the
effluent due to abrasion of the condenser tubes. Since some abraded metals at suf-
ficiently high concentrations harm aquatic organisms and lead to other environmen-
tal damage, metal concentrations in cooling water discharges which stem from on-
line mechanical condenser tube cleaning systems need to be determined. This report
addresses the significance of this effect, based mainly on comments from utilities
experienced with the Amertap system and from the manufacturer. The industry
generally does not keep a close account of the causes and magnitude of condenser
tube corrosion; however, based on observations offered by the utilities, the Amertap
and other systems do not appear to contribute to loss of metal through abrasion in
any measurable way. Further evaluation is recommended.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Pollution
Steam Electric
Power Generation
Cooling Systems
Corrosion Products
Biodeterioration
Assessments
Condenser Tubes
Cooling Water
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Biofouling
Mechanical Antifouling
Devices
13B
10A
13A
11M
06A
14B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
48
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-11-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-036
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Investigation of NO2/NOx Ratios in Point Source
Plumes
5. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J.P.Blanks, E.P.Hamilton m, B.R.Eppright, and
N.A.Nielsen
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
P.O. Box 9948
Austin, Texas 78766
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
TNE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2608, Task 63
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final; 12/78 - 12/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is J. David Mobley, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2915. EPA-600/7-78-212 is a related report.
s. ABSTRACT
repOrt gjves results of a study to relate ground level NO2 concentra-
tions to NOx emissions (NO2/NOx ratio) in plumes from six large power plants in the
Chicago area, using a photos tationary state reactive Gaussian plume model. The aim
of the study was to assess the level of NOx control required to meet a probable short-
term NO2 national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). The major uncertainty of
an earlier study (EPA-600/7-78-212) was its assumption of uniform, fixed NO2/NOx
ratios of 0,5 (summer) and 0.25 (winter). The reactive model used in this study pre-
dicted significantly higher NO2/NOx ratios at the point of maximum plume impact
(0. 93 for worst case) with high ambient ozone levels (0.2 ppm). Average NO2/NOx
ratios for all high ozone cases studied were 0. 76-0. 9. The reactive model predicts
significantly higher ground level NOx impacts from the six plants. These results
indicate that the threshold short-term NO2 NAAQS level requiring NOx flue gas treat-
ment technology could increase by 40%. The previous study indicated that most of the
six plants could meet a 500 microgram/cu m short-term NO2 standard using NOx
combustion modification techniques (50% NOx control); this study indicates NOx flue
gas treatment technology (90% control) may be required on these plants to meet a
750 microgram/cu m standard, and most certainly for 500 micrograms/cu m.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
Pollution
Combustion
Nitrogen Oxides
Nitrogen Dioxide
Mathematical Modeling
Normal Density Functions
Flue Gases
Electric Power Plants
Ozone
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Gaussian Models
13B
21B
07B
12A
10B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
71
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-12-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before, completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-037
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Pilot-scale Field Tests of High-gradient Magnetic
Filtration
5. REPORT DATE
March 1980
E. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Charles H. Gooding
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2650
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PEI
Final; 9/77 - 12/79
RIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jjERL-RTP project officer is Dennis C. Drehmel, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2925.
is. ABSTRACT The report gives results ol using a blUU cu m/hr mobile pilot plant to eval-
uate the effectiveness and economics of applying high-gradient magnetic filtration
(HGMF) to particulate emission control. A 4-1/2 month test program was conducted
at a Pennsylvania sintering plant to characterize the performance of the pilot plant
and to demonstrate its practicality under long-term operation. The pilot plant col-
lected approximately 90% of the iron-bearing particulate under practical operating
conditions but achieved lower overall collection because the windbox gas contained an
unexpectedly high concentration of fine alkali-chloride aerosol. To collect the non-
magnetic aerosol, a finer filter had to be used under conditions that were conducive
to plugging. Under the practical conditions, the pilot plant operated over 450 hours
without significant problems. Analysis of the results indicates that high-efficiency
collection can be achieved economically if HGMF is applied to steel industry dusts
that are more homogeneous and more strongly magnetic than the tested sinter dust.
The report describes laboratory pilot-plant work that demonstrated collection effic-
iencies greater than 99% with basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace dusts.
The development of a filter cleaning system and the design and construction of the
pilot plant are discussed. Experimental data are reported.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Filtration
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Separators
Testing
Dust
Aerosols
Sintering Furnaces
Iron and Steel In-
dustry
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
High-gradient Magnetic
Filtration
Particulate
13B
07D
20C
131
14B
11G
13A
11F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
141
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
-13-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please reed Instructions on tht reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-038
2.
3. RECIPIENTS ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Photochemical Study of NOx Removal from
Stack Gases
6. REPORT DATE
March 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
John R. Richards and Donald L. Fox
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
University of North Carolina
School of Public Health
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE623
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant No. R804740
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND P
Final; 1/77 - 3/79
PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer is Joseph A. McSorley, Mail Drop 63,
919/541-2745.
is. ABSTRACT
repOrt gjygg TQS^I^ of an evaluation of the technical feasibility of a
photochemical pretreatment system for NOx control at coal-fired boilers. The ap-
proach utilizes reaction mechanisms similar to those responsible for photochemical
oxidant incidents. The reactions are initiated under controlled conditions while
the pollutants are at high concentration and while the reaction products can be remo-
ved. Results indicate that, under time- and light-limited conditions, it is possible to
quench the photochemical reactions at the NO2 peak and prior to the formation of
ozone, aerosols, and other secondary products. Energy and hydrocarbon require-
ments were estimated in a series of 159 experimental runs . The optimal operating
conditions were identified as a NOx/C3H6 stoichiometric ratio of 1 and an NO2 photo-
lysis rate of 1 to 1. 5 reciprocal minutes (equivalent to 3 to 5% station power). These
conditions allowed for an 83% oxidation of NO with an exit concentration of NO less
than 100 ppm. Variation of the energy input levels or the propylene injection rates
resulted in NO oxidation efficiencies of 10 to 99%. Photochemical oxidation of NO
was insensitive to SO2 concentration and CO2 concentration. The photochemical sys-
tem appears compatible with conditions resulting from combustion modifications
to suppress NOx generation'
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution Combustion
Photochemical Reactions
Oxidation Boilers
Flue Gases Propylene
Nitrogen Oxides
Coal
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
13B
07E
07B,07C
21B
21D
ISA
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
200
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-14-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-042
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Performance of a High-velocity Pulse-jet
Filter, H
,. REPORT DATE
March 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
David Leith, M.J.Ellenbecker, M.W.First,
J.M. Price. Anthony Martin, and D. G. Gibson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Harvard School of Public Health
665 Huntington Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02115
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant R804700
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 9/76-9/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jjERL-RTP project officer is James H. Turner, Mail Drop 61,
919/541-2925. EPA-600/7-78-131 includes related work.
is. ABSTRACT
repOrt gives results of a study of the performance of a high-velocity
pulse -jet filter. Such filtration has distinct advantages over low- velocity filtration
in that the equipment required to clean a gas stream is reduced in size and initial
cost as velocity increases. Although high filtration velocity causes a number of pro-
blems , many of them are dealt with in the report. Location of the gas inlet to the
filter was found to affect penetration and pressure drop; both were higher for inlets
near the bottom of the filter housing. Fabric type was also found to affect perfor-
mance by affecting the amount and characteristics of the dust deposit accumulated.
Fabric surface properties help explain the nature of this deposit. These ideas and
others were used to develop a mathematical model for pressure drop in a pulse-jet
cleaned filter. The model can be used to predict pressure drop under stable or
variable operating conditions , and to predict operating conditions that cause unstable
filter operation. An understanding of particle/fiber interactions is essential to
understanding the collection characteristics of a felt fabric. Under certain condi-
tions , particles bounce on impact with fibers. An adhesion probability was deter-
mined and found to depend on incident particle kinetic energy.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSI.S
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution Felts
Filtration Adhesion
Pulsation
Jets
Fabrics
Mathematical Models
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Fabric Filters
Pulse-jet Filters
13B
07D
14B
20D
HE
12A
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
72
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-15-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-043
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Pilot Scale Combustion Evaluation of Waste and
Alternate Fuels: Phase m Final Report
5. REPORT DATE
March 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R. A. Brown and C. F. Busch
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Acurex Corporation
Energy and Environmental Division
485 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, California 94042
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1885
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13.1 YPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Phase IE Final; 2-8/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is David G. Lachapelle, Mail Drop 65,
919/541-2236. EPA-600/7-79-132 was the Phase H final report; there was no Phase I
final report.
is. ABSTRACTThe report gives results of three studies at EPA's Multifuel Test Facility.
The first evaluated a distributed-air staging concept for NOx control in pulverized-
coal-fired systems. The results showed that minimum NO levels of 140 ppm were
achieved at overall residence times similar to those used during conventional sta-
ging tests. However, the NO levels achieved with the distributed-air concept were
no lower than those achievable with conventional staging. The second evaluated com-
bustion control techniques and NO emissions when firing coal/oil mixtures. NO emis
sions for a given burner and nozzle were generally proportional to the fuel-nitrogen
content of the fuel. Additionally, combustion control technology currently used for
NOx control from pulverized coal was found to be effective with coal/oil mixtures,
but to differing degrees, depending on the coal/oil mixture ratios and compositions.
The third evaluated emissions and combustion characteristics of refuse-derived fuel
(RDF) co-fired with either natural gas or pulverized coal. Four RDF materials were
evaluated for gaseous, particulate, trace metal, and organic emissions. In general:
CO and UHC emissions were low; NOx and SOx emissions decreased with increasing
RDF content when co-fired with coal; particulate levels did not substantially increase
with the RDF; and no trace metal emissions correlation was found.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
cos AT I Field/Group
Pollution
Nitrogen Oxides
Combustion Control
Refuse
Wastes
Coal
Fuel Oil
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Staged Combustion
Refuse-derived Fuel
Coal/Oil Mixtures
Alternate Fuels
13B
07B
21B
21D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
227
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-16-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-049
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Residual Oxidants Removal from Coastal Power Plant
Cooling System Discharges: Field Evaluation of SO2
Addition System
5. REPORT DATE
March 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
K. Scheyer and G. Houser
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
TRW, Inc.
One Space Park
Redondo Beach, California 90278
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE624A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2613, Task 23
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final: 1-11/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jERL-RTP project officer is Julian W. Jones, Mail Drop 61, 919/
541-2489.
i6. ABSTRACT
report gives results of an evaluation of the performance of a dechlor-
ination system that uses SO2 to remove residual oxidants from chlorinated sea
water in a power plant cooling system. Samples of unchlorinated , chlorinated, and
dechlorinated cooling water were obtained at Pacific Gas and Electric 's Potrero
power plant in San Francisco. The samples were collected during 28 sampling per-
iods--14 at flood tide and 14 at ebb tide--and analyzed for several chemical and
physical constituents. An amperometric titrator was used for field analysis of total
oxidant residual (TOR) and free oxidant residual (FOR). Analytical results, plant
operating data, and laboratory experiments were used to evaluate the dechlorination
system. Major conclusions include: (1) the dechlorination system studied showed
effective removal of residual oxidants from chlorinated sea water used in the power
plant cooling system; (2) the dechlorination system proved reliable (no measurable
oxidant residual was found at the effluent outfall); and (3) due to the effectiveness of
the dechlorination system in removing all measurable oxidant residual, average and
maximum levels of dechlorination cannot be determined.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution Oxidizers
Dechlorination
Cooling Systems
Sea Water
Electric Power Plants
Sulfur Dioxide
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Oxidant Removal
13B 11G
07A,07B,07C
13A
08J
10B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
38
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-17-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-80-012
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
Proceedings: First Symposium on Iron and Steel
Pollution Abatement Technology (Chicago, IL,
10/30-11/1/79)
5 REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Franklin A. Ayer, Compiler
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB604
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2630, Task 6
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Proceedings; 3/79 - 2/80
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jERL-RTP project officer is Robert C. McCrillis, Mail Drop 62,
919/541-2733.
is. ABSTRACT
repOrj- documents presentations at the first EPA-sponsored symposium
devoted solely to pollution abatement technology for the iron and steel industry, held
in Chicago, IL, October 30 - November 1, 1979. The symposium was organized into
air, water, and solids sessions. Air pollution topics included: emission standards,
assessment of coke quench tower and by-product recovery plant emissions, sealing
of coke-oven doors , volatilization of hydrocarbons in steel rolling operations , devel-
opment of a coke-oven air pollution control cost effectiveness model, control of sin-
ter plant emissions utilizing recirculation of windbox gases , estimating fugitive con-
tributions to ambient particulate levels near steel mills , foreign technology for EOF
fugitive emission control, and fugitive particulate emission factors for BOF oper-
ations. Water topics included emission standards, total recycle of water in integra-
ted steel mills, use of spent pickle liquor in municipal sewage treatment, physical/
chemical treatment of steel plant wastewaters using mobile pilot units, foreign tech-
nology forcontrolling coke plant and blast furnace wastewaters , and formation and
structure of water-formed scales. Solid waste topics included emission standards ,
environmental and resource conservation considerations of steel industry solid
waste, and de-oiling and utilization of mill scale.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Pollution Mathematical Models
Iron and Steel Industry
Emission Sintering
Assessments Dust
Coking Waste Disposal
Hydrocarbons Chemical Cleaning
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Emission Standards
Fugitive Dust
13B
11F
14B
13H
07C
12A
11G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
510
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-18-
------- |